\ 5 ty ey at iq RE A \ Vet eee thi) } gay { s) , hi ‘ i Lethe "4 Ti habe) \/ ) ety Kh } ——— ee ss ee == {rain ahy See Ee ae SS a ee i} | WKN) Tar\iats or es ee oa elses === “fs ‘st i 4 ahatt yh au ‘ hy shy" bytit i my et ae ree bahay i } i MN i Lien ae i . iA Be By thet BI “a hy if i Min} ; sit sar yt ye i! HH al ith Nee Haat OP Al K an Mee Hes Hae cali peat WHat af dined Ae TE AAAS ei sea tatiitd i oid beadh ene Tet i) i hte Hayy ithe tthe VAM ota. #4 SET eR ESR Hse siadel 4t ate Litera are | Perintite Heh Vie eat (4h ay tas eS iy) Hues i) a 4 ane { dated het tiain 1H)! i ch ei ae ‘ i 4y ‘ {pth SH : eat Haag AS a iit Ps aru tsa if Un Pra ty bP had fy MGA) tg ead i Ais slat 4 Pei es br f Aa hi K i ii Ht My Hy i » ane ihe ! i du ARES tty fl Hi! aia) iH He ae ii tila ! fale WOH MEAN Hite ale Ia hi ih) i } Mh y Af } FOR THE PEOPLE | FOR EDVCATION | FOR SCIENCE | LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY /Bound | A.M.N. \ 1932 OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE Saray = he 6 a) — Boston Society of atural History. VOLUME 5. WITH NINETEEN PLATES. BOSTON: PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY. 1921-1931. CONTENTS. ALEXANDER, CuHarues P. The crane-flies (Tipulidae) of New England: DUES. SLD) OTA NN ING Fac. nta.ctarcus aint eae sie att Chala ses pone aie ar 169 The crane-flies (Tipulidae) of New England: second supple- TNE TNE Ay asl Gemeente Tee alr er IAA ct or ON Nv aN He svdge Mba Ape elcns 223 The crane-flies (Tipulidae) of New England: third supplemen- BRUNIA ALIS UPEerTene et Ay ACN I eee el AURIS Rena AMHR NA ed elk anal aoa lave 267 - New or little known crane-flies from New England........... 115 AuLEN, H. W. Notes on Miltogramminae with descriptions of two new species. ....<.. Pari Mem eMe AoA Cat any RN. oP Lunch ia TS Sumani eet 89 Banes, OurTram. A new race of Pomatorhinus ruficollis from South Wemtnaleszec usm tare a weet ime vey ei plat ee 293 AND THomMas EH. Prenarp. The identity of Trochilus ruckeri ESO UICIC Ip iaragies Seat Fare tu seteae Ra ry U0 Cele 6 FW ua radial ui aan eee a0 A new Blue Water-thrush from China...................... 147 AND JAMES L. Prerers. Birds from Maratua Island, off the WESTACOASUNOLMEROLMECON: samiercets cance ts asacts vals GRiieay cosh wie aie = lee tone 235 AND JOHN C. Purves.’ A new race of Pelzeln’s Weaver-finch. 177 BARBOUR, LHomAs., New amphiba. Pl. 12-14............200.0...6: 191 AEE we mlbanean olsen: wey sk tose Wend Weis ela ye aie ee 167 ——. A new frog and a new snake from Panama.................. 155 Se VACHY UMMAT ITECKO) «tics J Gls aa vies d wie wasltng austen Sma Re eee Seka 133 AND AFRANIO Do Amara. Notes on some Central American STAC SEMPer Hes Serr can ee Rr a eo eka) We RRR Gs es eae 129 BEQUAERT, JOSEPH AND W. J. CueNncH. Studies of African land and fresh-water mollusks. I. On some species of Bulinus. Pl. 18...... 357 Three new terrestrial snails from Yucatan................... 423 BisHop, SHERMAN C. A new subspecies of the Red Salamander from Tein 0) BA Ly a Mecano ee Map NUM ene cue 247 Buake, Cuarues H. — Distribution of New England Wood Lice. (On Isopoda Oniscoida, third paper)....... (rE eee IE AO LM nt iad tok 349 New land Isopods from New England. (On Isopoda Oniscoida, BEIGE [OCIy) a onerint: vce Me ell cee.. Slo. anita 3 1 JW tis ee te ea 341 Redescription of Armadilloniscus ellipticus (Harger) with some account of its habits. (On Isopoda Oniscoida, first paper).......... 279 Boropin, Nicnouas. A new deep sea fish.................--.-2-+--- 285 . Bromuey, Stantey W. New robber-flies (Asilidae, Diptera).......... 125 Cuapp, WintIAMF. Eggsand young of the River Limpet, Ancylus fuscus, (Ch sBh, ANCISH aOR IE NI BN SAO ae ieee gee a ae nN on a 5 CiLencH, Wittiam J. Notes on Physidae with descriptions of new {DOCG so SVR Gi ol bee eC APRA tes 7 aes Oke Se En ARR rn era ae Ha Ohad sites 301 — AND ALAN F. Arcurer. Land shells from Lubang Island, Teta llivayayinysye Cle ae C7 Rater set aes a se eae ee oe eT AS rece 33 ———, New land snails from Tanganyika Territory. Pl. 16......... 295 CroweELL, Mitton F. Notes on gemmules and spicules in Heteromeyenia THEIL. NEOLERE, Mas ea erode ante pened ta seRGaE or oO EE Ete ea eae eR 203 Notes on Thecamoeba verrucosa Ehrenberg............-..++-- 233 Curran, C. Howarp. New species of Syrphidae.................... 79 Two new North American Diptera..................... yee PX) Two undescribed syrphid flies from New England............ 65 Dunn, Emmett Rep. Additional frogs from Cuba.................. 209 The amphibians of Barro Colorado Island................... 403 ———_— PENewsamp bibians irom zamena dieses ee eee nes ee eae 93 == J New frogs from/Cubaret.c 4.05 See Ses Ao ee 163 ———. New frogs from Panama and Costa Rica.................... 385 ———. New snakes from Costa Rica and Panama.................. 329 . A new Tree-toad from Jamaica........................20.. 161 Feit, E. P. New gall midges from New England.................... 207 FRIEDMANN, HerBertT. The forms of the Orange-breasted Bush-shrike, Chlorophoneus sulfureopectus (Lesson).. ...................-.. 251 . The forms of the White-browed Robin-chat, Cossypha heuglini Detter G1 pula din Ss SE ee ps Bok RE ci Abe Rte) 327 ———. The geographic forms of the Somali Sparrow Passer castan- OMLEnUs IB Ly bls e. Gen, a5, RR eRe Oe ee A ROLE, SPUD oa VE NL 427 A lark new to science from southern Ethiopia........... neo Notes on geographic variations in the genus Macronyx with descriptiontot twomew racese 00m a. 6.00 sa ea rer 263 ~ Notes on Sheppardia cyornithopsis with description of anew race 323 —. A Rock Thrush new to science from northern Kenya Colony.. 325 —. The Tanganyikan form of Anthreptes orientalis............... 383 dihreemewi Airican bids a aqaree see eee Mn. eee 217 GrRaAvE, CaswELL. The ascidian Amaroucium constellatum a valid species. TU siete cali ea) er Weds wehlcc'/ 2h eee aN ye 08 CR Ey go 27 Griscom, LupLow. Revisions of two Central American birds......... 287 Harper, Francis. A new Marsh Wren from Alberta................ 221 Howe, R. Heser, Jk. A new dragon fly from New England.......... 19 Jacot, ARTHUR Paut. A common arboreal moss mite Humerobates hum- CRGLUSS WAP rea WON a sha cscs hres sew: Siok 8 AOR e See eee 369 JOHNSON, CHARLES W. Egg-capsules of the Ten-ribbed Whelk. Pl. 1.. - 1 New and interesting species of Diptera..... 8c pO ee 69 ——. New genera and species of Diptera........:.........::...... 21 =——. New species of Diptera... .. .: . 2. fascia en ee ee eee eee 11 ———. A review of the New England species of Chrysotoxium........ 97 A review of the Platypezidae of eastern North America. PI. 5. 51 LoverRIpGE, ARTHUR. A new snake of the genus Lampropeliis......... 137 Lucas, ALFRED M. The validity of Molgula robusta (Van Name) as a species distinct from Molgula manhattensis (De Kay).............- 243 McDunnoveu, James. New Ephemeridae from New England. Pl.6.. 73 Mautocu, Joun R. Notes on Clusiodidae (Diptera).;..............-- 47 MeLANDER, A. L. New species of Platypalpus occurring in New Eng- LEI US ene ete ene ae a AC RRC EM Ree in OEE oii! HENS, & di o£ 83 Nose, G. Kinestey. New lizards from northwestern Peru........... 107 Norman, J. R. A new siluroid fish of the genus Clarias from south- western Uranday (Ply lib 2.5 el ce aie ete cin, tone oe ee 189 ParRKER, GrorGE H. The time of submergence necessary to drown alligators :and! turtles:2 ost: ce et Pee ey ee reed ce 157 Fa el PrenarRD, THomas EK. A new tanager from Surinam.................. 63 Peters, JAMES L. A new Geosttta from western Argentina............ 145 ———. A new grackle from St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.............. 175 ———. A review of the limpkins (Aramus Vieillot).................. 141 ———. A review of the races of Elaenia martinica (Linné)........... 197 ———. A review of the races of Picus lineatus Linné................ 317 ———. Two new birds from Argentina...........................4. 195 ———. Two undescribed races of Phaéthon ethereus................. 261 ———. The type species of the avian genus Harpiprion.............. 255 Raymonp, Percy H. A new oyster from the cretaceous of Cuba. Pl. 7 183 ReGan, C. Tate. Three new cichlid fishes of the genus Haplochromis mrompuake Mdward, Central Atnea.. Ply 8-10... )0.... 4255-5) 55. 187 SHANNON, Raymond C. The genus Chalcomyia (Diptera: Syrphidae).... 151 A new Cynorhinella (Syrphidae, Diptera)................... 123 STEJNEGER, LEONHARD. Herpetological novelties from China.......... 119 _ SusHKIN, Peter P. On the representatives of the Seymouriamorpha supposed primitive reptiles, from the Upper Permian of Russia, and GneGherrpiylosenetic relationse. 44. 45ce oer se | ae eee 179 Van Duzner, Mituarp C. New species of the dipterous family Dolicho- OVOCUNCIED Selby Wagan ane ale Ae a os Ube Maine ainsi ah Oa C8 ae POR hg 101 Van Tyne, JossELYN. An undescribed race of Phainopepla........... 149 ViBRECK, Henry L. New bees of the genus Andrena. Pl. 4.......... 35 : ; Se ee aed Vot. 5, p. 1-4, pl. 1. May 25, 1921. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. EGG—-CAPSULES OF THE TEN-RIBBED WHELK. BY CHARLES W. JOHNSON. Amone the interesting specimens obtained by Mr. Arthur B. Fuller during his trip on a beam trawler to the Georges Bank, August 6 to 11, 1920, were three clusters of the egg-capsules of the Ten-ribbed Whelk, Chrysodomus decemcostatus (Say). This is the Fusus decemcostatus of the older authors, and was later referred to the genus Neptunea Bolten. By the method of elimination, as pointed out by Dr. William H. Dall,’ Chry- sodomus Swainson will now have to stand as the name of this genus. ; These egg-capsules are commonly referred to by fishermen as “‘sea-corn,” from their resemblance to kernels of corn. As this term also includes the irregular clusters of egg-capsules of the Common Whelk, Buccinum undatum Linn.; some con- fusion has existed that may account for our lack of a more intimate knowledge of the egg-capsules of this common species. In the Report of the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1879 (1882, p. 787-835), is an interesting “List of collections made by the fishing vessels of Gloucester and other New England sea-ports for the United States Fish Com- mission, from 1877 to 1880.”’ The Mollusca were determined by Professor A. E. Verrill. In this list “sea-corn (eggs of Buc- cinum)” is mentioned over a dozen times, and in other places it is cited as “sea-corn (eggs of Buccinum undatum).” The specimens were collected on all the banks from the Georges to the Grand Bank of Newfoundland, in depths ranging from 30 to 250 fathoms. The following item on page 829 seems of special interest: “Captain D. E. Collins and crew, sch. Gussie Blais- dell. A specimen of branching sea-corn (eggs of Buccinuwm 1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1918, vol. 54, p. 207-215. 2 undatum) 19 inches high, . . . from lat. 46° 40’ N., long. 50° W.”’ This would be on the Grand Banks, near the Eastern Shoals, in about 40 fathoms. These large masses of capsules were un- © doubtedly produced by several individuals. Specimens before me measuring from 5 to 7 inches in length, 4 to 4.5 inches wide, and 3 to 3.5 inches high, and containing probably from 2,000 to 2,500 capsules, seem out of all proportion for a single shell. Mr. Olof O. Nylander says he has seen two and three specimens apparently forming a single bunch. Clusters containg 544 capsules are recorded. The irregular cluster shown on the plate facing page 65 of The Shell Book (by Julia E. Rogers, 1908), is probably what would be called “‘branching.” The usual size of the clusters is from 2.5 to 3 inches in diameter, as shown on Plate 1, fig. 1, containing between 300 and 400. capsules. The bunches of capsules form a fairly good substi- tute for a sponge. “These are called ‘sea wash-balls,’ being used instead of soap by sailors to wash their hands.” Under Chrysodomus, Dr. Dall, in the paper above referred to, says: ‘““Ovicapsules massed, sessile either in a heap as in Buc- cinum, or in a cylindrical erect group.’’ Forbes and Hanley,’ under Fusus antiquus Linn., the type of the genus Chrysodomus, say: “The capsules are only half an inch in diameter, are convex outwardly, and concave in the inner side, coarse and corrugated, and piled one upon another in a conical heap, three inches or so high.” Professor A. E. Verrill’ under Buccinum cyaneum Brug. says: ““Numerous examples of clusters of cylindrical, often very much elongated, clusters of egg-capsules have been brought from the Grand Bank by the Gloucester fishermen. These, I suppose, belong to this species, but I have no positive evidence. The clusters are usually about an inch in diameter and 3 to 5 inches long. By the fishermen, these are called ‘sea-corn’ and ‘sreen-corn.’”’ Friele’ under Buccinum terraenovae Beck. says: “The egg-capsules (fig. 16a, b) have been described by Mérch in Catal. des Moll. du Spitzb., p. 16, without, however, his referring them to any particular species. Ootheca is long and cylindrical in form, occurring now as a naked stem now with a projecting branch. Length about 100 mm.; breadth from 16 to 20 mm.” These resemble the egg-capsules in question, 1History of British Mollusea, 18538, vol. 3, p. 426. ?T'rans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., 1882, vol. 5, p. 495. 3Norwegian North Atlantic Exped., 1876-78, vol. 3 Moll. 1, 1882, p. 33. OccastionaL Paprers Boston Soc. Nat. Hisr., Vou. 5. PLATE 1, sp ~ JOHNSON ON CHRYSODOMUS. en 5 le Ns 3 but the cluster is much more slender in proportion to their length and the arrangement of the capsules is less regular. “The species is known only from Greenland and the Polar Sea.” That the egg-clusters obtained by Mr. Fuller were those of C. decemcostatus was readily proven by finding among some egg-capsules of B. undatum in the collection of the Society a small cluster of the former, about one inch in height, from which I took embryonic shells of C. decemcostatus about 7 mm. in length; the smooth protoconch of about two whorls was followed by half a whorl, having about nine revolving ridges, the anterior ones poorly defined. The three cylindrical clusters of egg-capsules were obtained from a depth of about 45 fathoms between the Georges and Nantucket Shoals, attached to living specimens of the Great or Deep-water Scallop (Pecten magellanicus Gmelin). Two were attached to one shell about 1.25 inches apart, as shown in the photograph (Plate 1, fig. 2). The length of the clusters varies from 3 to 3.5 inches (75 to 90 mm.) with a diameter at the base of about 1.5 inches (37 mm.) and at the top 1.25 inches (31 mm.). For a better anchorage the attached portion of the base extends on all sides about a quarter of an inch beyond the capsules. There are between 45 and 50 capsules in each cluster, which, when taken from the water, were lemon yellow in color. Each capsule is about half an inch in diaméter, convex above and roughened by reticulated lines. As the specimen dries, these lines become more pronounced by the contraction of the interstices, giving the surface a pitted appearance. The attached portion of each capsule is broad, contracted above and then expanded into the broad capsule, which is folded down on the one below; the base of the upper one is usually attached to the upper sides of the two below, thus overlapping like the tiles on a roof and arranged somewhat spirally, the contracted portion serving as a hinge, beneath which are openings through which water can flow and the young escape. As the opening of the capsule is a wide slit at the end just under the top, this portion of the capsule is always free. There were apparently from three to four eggs in the fresh capsules, but in the old dry capsules there were only one or two young shells. In this connection it might be of interest again to refer to the following paragraph in Dr. Dall’s paper. “In many cases, as in Buccinum and Busycon, it was shown many years ago by Lovén and others that a single ovicapsule 4 contains a number of ova fertile and unfertile. The unfertile eggs serve as food for the larvae developed from the fertile ones and there is a certain amount of competition between the larvae in the capsule which results in the most vigorous larvae getting more food and making a larger growth than the more weakly coinhabitants of the capsule. Thus at the time of leaving the capsule and coming into the outer world, it some- times happens that there will be perceptible differences between the individuals issuing from a single capsule, not only in actual size but in the length of the coil of whorls and the size and compactness of the larval apex.” In the beam trawl only a small percentage of the larger shells that get into the net actually reach the deck of the vessel, most of them going through the coarse-meshed net before reach- ing the pocket; thus their relative abundance is only proble- matical. As it was, the number of Chrysodomus decemcostatus was about double that of Bucconum undatum. In all, some 56 specimens were collected, including some of remarkably large size. One Chrysodomus measured 5.5 inches with about 0.25 of an inch broken away, making its total length about 147 mm., with a diameter of 90 mm. Gould gives the length as 3 inches, and Tryon 2.5 to 4 inches. The number of ribs varies somewhat, about one half having ten (counting the subsutural © rib), one fourth eleven, and the other fourth nine ribs. The specimens of Buccinuwm collected were also unusually large for New England waters, one with apex broken measuring nearly 5 inches or about 125 mm. in length, with a diameter of 2.5 inches. Gould gives its length as usually 3 inches, and Tryon 3.25 inches. The specimens also varied greatly in form and sculpture, the spire in many being unusually high, with the longitudinal undulations wanting on the body whorl. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1. Egg-capsules of the Common Whelk (Buccinum undatum). Fig. 2. Egg-capsules of the Ten-ribbed Whelk (Chrysodomus decem- . costatus). Vou. 5, p. 5-10, pl. 2. SEPTEMBER 7, 1921. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. EGGS AND YOUNG OF THE RIVER LIMPET, ANOGVLUS BUSCUS C. B. Apaus. BY WILLIAM F. CLAPP. INASMUCH as nothing has hitherto appeared in print concern-. _ ing the eggs and early stages of American species of Ancylus, the following observations seem worth recording. On April 25th, 1921, several specimens of Ancylus fuscus were found in a small pond in Cambridge, Mass. In the few moments devoted to collecting, ten specimens were obtained, all on oak - leaves which had fallen into the pond but were not badly decayed. None was found on any other material. Seven of the specimens were placed in a small jar containing about one quart of water. They began copulating at once, one individual crawling partly on top of another, so that the left side and posterior portion of the upper specimen protruded beyond the corresponding portions } of the lower. Immediately upon obtaining this position, the penis of the upper individual would suddenly ‘bloom’ from the left side slightly behind its left tentacle, and bending around the shell edge of the lower, came in contact with the left side of the latter (Plate 2, fig. 1). In the specimens observed, this position was retained for several hours. The penis waved slowly back- ward and forward, in worm-like fashion, the end prodding various portions of the acting female in the vicinity of the center of the left side, or slightly posterior. No actual insertion of the penis was seen. . In twenty-four hours egg-cases appeared on the sides of the glass jar. These were all laid at night. An hourly examination of the jar during the day failed to reveal a single specimen in the act of depositing eggs. Since a satisfactory observation of the development of the egg through the thick wall of the jar was difficult, a few egg-cases were obtained on microscope slides, by placing the slides as closely as possible to the sides of the jar and ‘near the bottom. A large majority of the egg-cases were placed directly on the sides of the jar, between ten and twenty-five millimeters from the bottom. Those not included in this area a I 6 were scattered promiscuously, one or two on the bottom and a few as far as half way to the top of the jar. The animals also appeared to prefer the solid walls of the jar to the microscope slides, in most cases managing to find a passageway between two slides and depositing the egg-case on the jar. Fifty egg-cases were counted and others were undoubtedly overlooked. Since these cases are normally 2.5 mm. in diameter by 1 mm. high, while an average parent is but 7 mm. in length, by 4 mm. in width, and 2.5 mm. high, the average of at least seven egg-cases to every individual is surprisingly large. It is possible that not all of the seven individuals deposited eggs, in which event the average number per specimen would be greatly increased. The egg-case (Plate 2, fig. 2) consists of a hollow, hemispherical, transparent, gelatinous, enveloping layer. It is approximately 0.1 mm. in thickness where fastened to the jar. A thin film of the same material prevents the contents of the case from coming in contact with the object upon which it is deposited. Within are normally seven capsules, apparently quite separated from the outer case by an extremely transparent, jelly-like medium. This’ is clearly shown when the outer case is injured so that infusoria and other minute animals are allowed to gain entrance to but one of the capsules. The egg and contents of this capsule are then soon devoured, but continuous probing for days by myriads of the small animals fails to reveal any passage for the most minute, between the capsules and the outer casing, or from the injured capsule into the uninjured adjoining one, for the eggs within the uninjured capsules continue to develop normally. Each capsule within the case possesses its own complete, transparent, envelop- ing wall, is filled with a transparent, colorless, viscous liquid, and contains a single egg. The first egg-cases to appear all contained seven capsules with the exception of one containing nine and one with eight. These two exceptions were otherwise normal, the eggs developed, and the embryos all lived to escape from the case. Those egg-cases which appeared later contained fewer capsules, until, after several days had passed, the few egg-cases laid con- tained but one capsule each. These single-capsuled cases were likewise normal in other respects, for as large a percentage of the young left the egg-case in apparently healthy condition as in the seven-capsuled cases. It appears that the egg-laying season of this species is of short duration. Thirty-five specimens collected ~ on May 7, and kept under conditions as nearly similar as possible to those of the first lot, deposited less than thirty-five egg-cases, i of which none was seven-capsuled, only two were five-capsuled, and more than three-quarters were single-capsuled. When first laid the egg is less than 0.1 mm. in diameter. Divi- sion may be clearly seen through the transparent case, and within twenty-four hours the egg becomes multicellular. During the fourth day the embryo begins to rotate slowly. Although the cilia were not seen, the result of their motion was plain when small particles in the fluid in which the embryos float, came in contact with, and were cast away from, those portions of the embryo which bore cilia, particularly that portion eventually becoming the mouth. When ciliary motion begins the embryo is still approx- imately spherical. With the single exception of one egg-case with one capsule containing five eggs, no capsules were seen with more than one egg. In this abnormal case (Plate 2, fig. 7) one of the five eges broke into several small fragments within twenty-four hours after being laid. The four others continued to increase in size and in four days all were revolving slowly. All were then of approximately the same size and were also as large as embryos of the same age in normal capsules. Only one of the four, however, showed normal division; the others, although rotating in a manner identical with the normal embryo, were very transparent. Abnor- mal development had not prevented cilia from developing and functioning. The abnormal eggs one by one, broke down within 48 hours after ciliary motion had begun and the fragments were seattered through the fluid of the capsule. The one remaining apparently normal embryo continued to develop, finally reaching the stage where muscular motion begins. After 24 hours of com- bined ciliary and muscular motion the embryo came to rest in one corner of the capsule. The cilia continued to beat for six hours and then stopped; when the embryo quickly disintegrated. When ciliary motion begins on the fourth day, the embryo 1s about 0.2 mm. in diameter. This motion continues steadily, while the embryo increases in size, but continues spherical, until the sixth day when it becomes gradually more elongate. On the seventh day it is very easy to distinguish two well-marked divi- sions of the foot (Plate 2, fig. 4). During the eighth day muscular motion begins and a twisting and turning of the animal takes place, together with a gradual diminishing of the rotation (Plate 2, fig. 5). The embryo is now 0.5 mm. in length. In a few hours rapid changes occur, protuberances which later become the ten- tacles are formed, and the viscera are more easily distinguished from the muscular portion of the foot. Soon the foot can be seen 8 (Plate 2, fig. 6), and a flat dorsal disk appears which later supports the shell. Within a few hours a strong muscular motion may be seen just behind the mouth which has taken the form of a circular hole. This motion is internal and is a slow forward and upward movement of the buccal mass and a sudden backward and down- ward withdrawing of the same. It is identical with the feeding motion of the radula and buccal mass of the mature animal. Minute, light-brown eye-spots appear during the eighth or ninth day becoming gradually black within 24 hours. At the same time a rhythmic pulsation of the pulmonary chamber may be seen. This chamber (Plate 2, figs. 8, 9) 1s situated dorsally on the middle of the left side. Ordinarily the pulsations occur at the rate of 50 to 60 per minute, but embryos were observed with a pulmonary pulsation as high as 120 per minute. In these cases, high tem- perature or lack of fresh water appears to be the cause for the high rate of pulsation; fresh cool water almost immediately re- stores it to normal. By the eighth or ninth day the embryos are twisting and turn- ing in every direction, while the buccal mass is being constantly pushed out against the walls of the capsule and quickly with- drawn. ‘This constant prodding of the twisting and turning em- bryos, assisted by the action of the buccal mass, soon has the effect of weakening the capsule-wall. It loses its rigidity, bending more and more under the struggles of the embryo, and finally ruptures, allowing the embryo to escape into the larger cavity of the egg- ease. In those egg-cases containing several capsules, each with normally developing eggs, all of the embryos have escaped from their respective capsules by the tenth day, and continue their development in the common chamber of the egg-case. In some egg-cases one or more of the capsules may contain eggs which have not developed. In this event-the capsule-wall retains its rigidity and only those capsules containing normally developed embryos are ruptured, for the struggles of the embryo in an adjoining capsule have apparently no effect on the capsule-wall of an unde- veloped egg. The embryos continue to grow and develop for a week or ten days in the egg-case, after having torn down the capsule walls and converted the egg-case into one common cham- ber. Eventually through constant prodding by the buccal mass, rasping with the rudimentary radula and by the muscular motion of the body, an opening is made in the egg-case where it is fastened to its base, and in a few moments all the inmates have escaped. The embryos from one case deposited during the interval between —— ee 9 May 7, at 6 p.m., and May 8, at 8 a.m., escaped May 25, at 10 A.M., or in seventeen and one half to eighteen days. In other instances observed, twenty-one days passed before the outer case was ruptured and abandoned by the embryos. Eighteen days appears to be the more normal period for the embryo to remain within the case; a longer period is due to adverse conditions. Embryos twelve and thirteen days old, forcibly removed from the egg-case and allowed to escape into the surrounding water, appear to suffer no ul effects from the premature change. One specimen so treated lived for five days and developed normally. A very large proportion of the eggs laid develop to the stage where the embryo is ready to escape from the egg-case, even under. the most adverse conditions. The majority of the egg- cases observed were laid in very impure water containing great quantities of infusoria and bacteria. Although this water was rarely changed, over 99% of the eggs laid developed into embryos able to escape from the egg-case. The egg-cases deposited on microscope slides were subjected to extremely severe handling. In order to remove diatoms and débris from the outside of the outer case, that the developing embryo might be observed, it was necessary to brush them at frequent intervals with a camel’s-hair — brush. Occasionally a slide would be removed from the water and the egg-case exposed to the air for fifteen minutes or more. In spite of this treatment nearly all of the eggs on the microscope slides lived to escape from the egg-case. When ready to leave the egg-case the animal is well developed, and able to crawl by means of the foot in any direction. The shell (Plate 2, fig. 10) is perfectly formed and measures 1 mm. in length by 0.7 mm. in width. A small area at the apex of the shell is smooth. The rest of the shell is minutely, densely, radiately sculptured with narrow sharp-incised lines, regularly separating broad raised ridges. The ridges, highly magnified, appear to be formed of low irregular broad scales. No well-defined growth- lines are to be seen at this age, nor any traces of concentric sculp- ture. The mature shell shows no trace of radiating lines. The jaw (Plate 2, fig. 11) composed of many overlapping plates, is identical with that of a mature specimen excepting in size. The radula (Plate 2, figs. 12, 13) is also well developed. It is 0.8 mm. long by 0.06 mm. wide and contains 95 rows of teeth. In one specimen (Plate 2, fig.. 12) each row contained one central, three well-developed laterals, one lateral on which no cusps could be seen, and one long flat plate for an outer tooth. Another (Plate 2, 10 fig. 13) of the same age (ready to emerge from the egg-case) had one more lateral and two narrow flat marginal plates. The radula of a mature specimen (Plate 2, fig. 14) measures 1.2 mm. in length and 0.3 mm. in width and contains 110 rows of teeth. The radula of the mature specimen is therefore nearly four times as long and five times as broad as that of a specimen ready to leave the egg-case, and the individual teeth are approximately three times as large, although identical in shape. The remarkable difference between the radulae of the mature and the young is in the number of lateral teeth, the mature having 20 to 30 laterals, the young 3 to 4. At no stage during the development is there any sign of a spiral twist to the animal or to the shell. That portion of the mantle supporting the shell assumes a flat disk-like shape (Plate 2, fig. 6) early in the development of the embryo and retains that shape and position until the shell is formed and the animal leaves the egg- case. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2. Fig. 1. Ventral view of two individuals in coitu. 3. Fig. Egg-case containing seven capsules, each with a single egg. 12. 9 Fig. 3,a,b,c. Segmentation of the egg. 40. Fig. 4. Embryo on seventh day. X40. Fig. 5. Embryo on eighth day. X40. : ae 6. Embryo on ninth day, lateral view showing mouth and buccal mass. x 40. : Fig. 7. Abnormal egg-case containing 5 eggs. X25. Fig. 8. Embryo on tenth day, ventral view. 40. Fig. 9. Embryo on tenth day, dorsal view. X40. Fig. 10. Shell one day after leaving egg-case. 40. Fig. 11. Jaw of animal one day after leaving the egg-case. 350. Figs. 12, 13. Teeth of radula of animal one day after leaving the egg-case. 3000. Fig. 14. Teeth of radula of mature specimen. 1000. OccasionaL Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vou. 5. PLATE 2. oA os ME AE Crape on ANCYLUS, \ Vou. 5, p. 11-17. NovemMBER 9, 1921. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. NEW SPECIES OF DIPTERA. BY CHARLES W. JOHNSON. TueE following new species have accumulated in connection with some faunistic work in course of preparation. Chaoborus albatus, sp. nov. o’.— Head white; around the base of the antennae, the tips of the palpi and proboscis brown; the plumose antennae white, the joints narrowly annulated with black. Thorax white, with long whitish hairs, and three broad brown stripes, the dorsal stripe narrowly divided, the others not extending forward of the suture; two small brown spots in front of the suture and a row of spots on the pleurae, the latter forming an interrupted stripe below the base of the wings; scutellum white, metanotum dark brown. Abdomen white, trans- lucent, with long white hairs; a small brown spot on the anterior angles of each segment; genital appendages yellow, tipped with brown. Halteres white. Legs white, the extreme base of the front femora, a subapical band on all of the femora, and the tips of all the tibiae and tarsal joints brown. Wings whitish-hyaline, with conspicuous brown spots at the tips of the first and second veins but less distinct at the tips of the other veins; distinct spots are also present at the base of the third vein, the cross-vein, and fork of the fifth vein. Length 5 mm. : One male and three females, holotype and allotype, Brookline, Massachusetts, June 18, and one paratype, Mt. Tom, Massachusetts, July 14, 1907 (C. W. J.), in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. One paratype, Brookline, Massachusetts, in the author’s collection. This resembles C. punctipennis Say, but that species has more numerous spots on the wings and the femora and tibiae are finely punctate with black. Tabanus pemeticus, sp. nov. 9 .— Front brownish pollinose with short black and yellow hairs, frontal and ocelligerous tubercles wanting; cheeks and middle of the face whitish, with the sides yellowish pollinose; hairs on the cheeks long and white. The first and second joints of the antennae yellow with black hairs, third joint reddish brown, with prominent angle above; palpi white with black hairs; eyes pubescent. Thorax, scutellum, and abdomen blackish with golden-yellow tomentum and black hairs, pleura whitish pollinose and with long white hairs, sides of the first and second segments of the abdomen slightly yellow; venter grayish pollinose. Legs yellow with black hairs, coxae and base of the middle 12 and posterior femora black, the anterior coxae with long white hairs; tips of the front tibiae and tarsi brown, the tips of the middle and posterior tarsal joints annulated with brown. Wings hyaline; costal cell yellow, veins brown; anterior branch of the third vein with a prominent stub. Halteres yellow. Length 13 mm. The male differs from the female in being grayish pollinose with long gray- ish hairs, with yellowish tomentum on the sides and posterior margins of the abdominal segments. The femora except the tips, the frontal and middle tibiae and tarsi black. Length 13 mm. A third specimen (female) has the third antennal joint dark aie a very small black shining frontal callous, the branch of the third vein angulate but the stub wanting. Length 13 mm. The stub is also wanting in a teneral male, length 11 mm. A female from Newfoundland, measuring 11 mm., resembles the type except that the antennae are a dark orange yellow. Five specimens: holotype, Q, Southwest Harbor, Maine, August 20, 1920 (C. W. J.); allotype, &, Northeast Harbor, Maine, July 22, 1918 (Dr. C. S. Minot); paratypes, 9, Mt. Cadillac (Green Mt.), Mt. Desert, Maine, August 17, 1920, and o, Southwest Harbor, Maine, July 15, 1918 (C. W. J.), in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. One @, Little River, Newfoundland, July 23, 1905 (Percy G. Bolster) in the author’s collection. The name is derived from Pemetic, the Indian name for Mt. Desert, _where four of the specimens were collected. The species belongs to the group comprising 7’. bicolor Wied, T. ohioensis, and T. thoracicus Hine, and may prove to be only a large maritime form of the last. The larger size, the marked difference in the color of the pilosity of the dorsal and ventral surfaces, the dark-brown veins, and the promi- nent stub or angle to the branch of the third vein seem (with the material at hand) to separate it from that species. Dipalta banksi, sp. nov. D. serpentina Osten Sacken, West. Dipt., 1877, p. 237 (in part); Johnson, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1913, vol. 32, p. 57. Front black, with yellow tomentum and black hairs, face brown, with black and yellow hairs; first and-second joint of the antenna brown, third black, the third joint and style less attenuated than in D. serpentina. Thorax black covered with a dark-yellow tomentum, pile on the sides yellow and black, on the pleura light yellow. Abdomen black with yellow tomentum, pile on the sides of the first and second segments light yellow, pile on the posterior and remaining segments black. Legs brown with yellow tomentum and black spines. Halteres brown. The markings on the wings are dark brown and more diffused than in D. serpentina, but the chief difference is in the venation, the second longitudinal vein being less sinuous, as shown in Fig. 2. It is also smaller, 7 to 9 mm. Holotype: Great Falls, Virginia, September 12; paratypes, Fall Church, Virginia, September 7, Great Falls, Virginia, July 8, all in the Banks Coll. (Mus. Comp. Zodl.). St. Augustine, Florida, in the author’s collection. ea 13 When preparing my List of Florida Diptera, I noticed that this fly differed from the typical form, but having only one specimen, I refrained from describing it. Through the kindness of Mr. Nathan - Fre. 1.— Dipalta serpentina O. 8. Fic. 2.— Dipalta banksi Johns. Banks I am able to study some additional material from Virginia and find that the characters referred to by Osten Sacken are constant and readily separate it from the western species. Thinophilus bimaculatus, sp. nov. o.— Front, face, and occiput covered with a silvery-white pollen; palpi white, broad; antennae yellow, the third joint brownish on the outer margin. Thorax and pleura with a whitish pollen; two narrow abbreviated subdorsal lines and the scutellum brown. Abdomen with a whitish polien. Legs yellow, the basal half of the femora and the outer half of the tarsi blackish, the tarsi slender and of even width. Halteres light yellow. Wings whitish-hyaline, veins brown with a distinct clouding at the posterior cross-vein, and on the fourth vein midway between the cross-vein and the tip; there is also a slight clouding at che junction of the third and fourth veins. Length 2.5 mm. The female is similar except that the front and face are broader, the pollen of the vertex and the dorsum of the thorax are more yellowish, and the clouding on the wings is more diffused. Length 3 mm. Six specimens collected on the white sand near the South Beach, Anastasia Island, St. Augustine, Florida, April 19 and 21, 1919. Types, in the author’s collection. This species resembles 7’. neglectus Wheeler from Cape May, New Jersey, but is readily separated by its narrow, not broadened tarsi, the more conspicuous cloudings on the wings, and much lighter color. Thinophilus prasinus, sp. nov. o'.— Front, face, and occiput a light, dull green covered with a grayish pollen, the broad palpi white, the occiput bearing long white hairs; antennae yellow, the upper part of the third joint brown, the thickened basal portion of the aristae black, the remainder white. Thorax dull green, the dorsum brownish- and the pleura whitish-pollinose; six dorso-centrals. Abdomen blue- green dulled by a whitish-pruinose covering. Front coxae yellow, dark at the base; the others dark, covered with a white pollen. Legs yellow, tips of the 14 tarsi brown, pulvilli white. Halteres light yellow. Wings hyaline, veins brown. Length &,3.5mm.; 92, 4 mm. Twelve specimens: holotype and allotype, Chatham, Massachusetts, June 30, 1904, and four paratypes, Chatham and Edgartown, Massachusetts, June 29, 1910, in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. Para-— types from Chatham, Massachusetts, and St. Augustine, Florida, April 18, 1919, in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, the American Mu- seum of Natural History, and the author’s collection. Some of the Florida specimens have the antennae, palpi, front coxae, and the tarsi slightly darker than those from Massachus :tts. Psila longula, sp. nov. Front, face, inferior orbits and antennae yellow; aristae and mouth-parts brown; vertex and occiput black, shining; frontal and vertical bristles and hairs on the lower part of the occiput light yellow. Thorax black, with short yellow hairs; pleura, metanotum and scutellum shining black, the last. with two apical bristles. Abdomen black with yellow hairs. Legs yellow, tips of the posterior femora brown. MHalteres white. Wings hyaline, veins brown, the apex slightly brownish, with fainter tinge of brown near the pos- terior cross-vein. Length «,5mm.; 9,6mm. In some specimens of the female the black encroaches upon the front. ' Fifteen specimens: holotype and allotype, Chester, Massachusetts, August 6, and July 25 (C. W. J.) and the following paratypes: Northeast Harbor, July 16 (Dr. C. S. Minot), Bar Harbor, July 24, and Fort Kent, Maine, August 17; Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, 3000 ft., July 28; Norwich, July 7, and Dummerston, Vermont, July 14 (C. W. J.), in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. Other paratypes from the above localities are ~ in the U.S. National Museum, Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the author’s collection. This has probably been confused with P. levis Loew, but the dark veins and clouding on the wings and the dark tips to the posterior femora readily distinguish it from that species. Chyliza nubecula, sp. nov.. @.— Face and inferior orbits white; the lower two-thirds of the front yellow; upper parts of the front, vertex and occiput black, subshining; anten- nae and aristae brown. Thorax and abdomen black with piligerous punctures, the pile of the thorax black, and of the abdomen whitish; scutellum black, shining. Legs black; front coxae, the outer half of the tibia, and all the metatarsi, yellowish. Halteres and calyptrae white. Wings hyaline; veins, stigma, ‘and the apex forward of the third vein brown. Length 4.5 mm. Three specimens: holotype, Northeast Harbor, Maine, July 6, 1909 (Dr. C.S. Minot) in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. Para- types: Edmonton, Alberta, July 12, 1916 (F. S. Carr) in the National Museum, Ottawa, Canada; and High River, Alberta, July 15, 1921, collected by Mr. Owen Bryant, in the author’s collection. we 15 This species resembles C’. leguminicola Melander, from Oregon, but the entirely black scutellum, darker and the small apical clouding on the wings separate it from that species. Pseudotephritis vau Say, var. approximata Banks. P. appoximata Banks, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 1914, vol. 14, p. 138, corrected te approximata in the index, p. 185. P. metzi Johnson, Psyche, 1915, vol. 22, p. 49. In the types of P. approximata and P. metzi the spots on the cross- veins are widely separated and the sub-basal clouding is interrupted at the fourth vein. I now have before me two other specimens. One from the Delaware Water Gap, Pennsylvania, collected by Mrs. Annie T. Slosson, has the spots on the cross-veins separated by only one- third the distance of that in the type of metzi; the second, from Brookline, Massachusetts, September, 1920, collected by C. E. White, Jr., has the spot on the cross-vein very narrowly separated and of a yellowish color as in the typical P. vau, and the sub-basal clouding is not interrupted at the fourth vein. The two specimens show very clearly that this is undoubtedly only a variation of Say’s species. Pseudotephritis vau Say, var. conjuncta, var. nov. Another striking variety of this species was collected by the writer on an old log near the Beaver Dam Pond, Bar Harbor, Maine, August 10, 1920. in this the pre-apical costal spot is connected with the spots in the posterior cross-vein, forming a quite regular band of even width, and widely separated from the marking on the anterior cross- vein. The clouding is not interrupted at the fourth vein. Length 6.5 mm. Type, in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. man ge ) i Seioptera dubiosa, sp. nov. 2 .— Head yellow, the orbits whitish; antennae and palpi yellow; length of the third joint about double its width; ocellar triangle black. The upper part of the occiput on the sides, brown. Thorax brownish black, shining, with two subdorsal pruinose stripes; humeri yellow. Abdomen black, shin- ing; base and the long fifth segment yellowish; terminal segment whitish; ovipositor brown. Legs yellow, the last two joints of all the tarsi brown. Halteres and calyptrae white. Wings hyaline, the subcostal cell, base, and tip of the marginal, tip of the submarginal, and part of the tip of the posterior cell brown. Length 5 mm. One specimen, type, Northeast Harbor, Maine, July 16, 1909 (Dr. C.S. Minot), in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. 16 Chaetopsis apicalis Johnson, var. duplicata, var. nov. This species is common in the salt marshes from Florida to Machias, Maine. The typical form is found from New Jersey southward. In. the marshes of Massachusetts, however, the species shows consider- able variation and indications of a pre-apical band become more and more prominent as the species extends northward. In the marshes along the north shore of Mt. Desert and the marshes of the Machias River, below Machias, Maine, the pre-apical band becomes perma- nent, with little variation, while the typical form is absent. To this extreme form I am applying the above name. The holotype and allotype, ‘‘ Narrows,” Mt. Desert, Maine, August 13, 1920," and four paratypes from the same place, June 9, 1921, and Machias, Maine, July 17, 1909, are in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History; other paratypes are in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, U: 8. National Museum, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the author’s collec- tion. _ In the typical apicalis the stigma is not colored, but in the duplicata it is slightly brownish, with sometimes a faint suggestion of a band, pointing to a possible relationship with C. fulvifrons Macq. in the north, and C. debilis Loew in the south. C. aenea Wied and C. apt- calis Johns. are confined to the salt and brackish marshes and have not been found inland. The C. aenea of authors that is said to injure corn, sugar-cane, onions, ete., is the C. fulvifrons Macq. In my paper. on the Diptera of Florida! the difference between the two species was pointed out, a view later endorsed by Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr.2 Say described two forms as trifasciata. the first is C. aenea and the second C. fulvifrons so that the name is not available. C. massyla Walker is a valid species with black legs and with broad, dark, continuous bands on the wings. It is locally common in fresh-water marshes. The species of Chaetopsis of the eastern United States would form an exceedingly interesting group for biological study, their abundance throughout the entire summer and the ease with which one species (and no doubt the others) can be raised, would aid greatly in the work. The marked variations in the maritime species at the more extreme limits of their range, or the inland species when breeding in the salt or brackish marshes, are not uncommon. The specimens of Chrysops fuliginosus Wied (C. plangens Wied), from Florida and Georgia are quite different from those of the Maine coast. From the latter place ! Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., March 1913, vol. 24, p. 83. 2 Ent. News, July 1913, vol. 24, p. 317. a a ara ig the males and females are similar, for the distinct grayish markings on the abdomen and the subhyaline of the wings in the southern speci- mens of the female become obsolete in the more northern specimens. The common green-head, Tabanus nigrovitta Macq., of the Atlantic coast from Maine to Florida varies greatly in size in different localities. When attaining a length of 12 to 14 mm. it is the 7. conterminus Walker. Tabanus atratus when breeding in the saline marshes, assumes a form known as nantuckensis Hine. Since the following generic names are being used, it might be well to call attention to the fact that they are both preoccupied. Pandora Haliday, 1833, was used by Hendel (Wiener Ent. Zeit., 1910) and adopted by Melander (Wash. Agric. Exp. Sta., Bull. 143, 1917) in place of Saltella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, although the latter has been used prior to 1910 without question. It is preoccupied in Mollusca by Pandora Bruguiére, 1792. Melina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Myodaires, p. 695) is used by both Cresson (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1920, vol. 46, p. 41) and Mel- ander (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 1920, vol. 13, p. 813) for the Sciomyza | of authors, not Fallen. A second name by Robineau-Desvoidy, Pherbellia (Myodaires, 1830, p. 695) will have to be substituted as Melina was used in Mollusea by Retzius in 1788. . Vou. 5, p. 19-20. JANUARY 30, 1922 Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. A NEW DRAGONFLY FROM NEW ENGLAND. BY R. HEBER HOWE, JR. Tue male specimen on which this species is based, was collected at Squam Lake, New Hampshire, by Dr. G. M. Allen on June 22, 1907, and was given me for determination by Mr. C. W. Johnson of the Boston Society of Natural History. After a careful study of the specimen J was unable to name it, and with the aid of Mr. Nathan Banks compared it with the gomphine material in the entomological collections of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, with- out taxonomic success. I therefore suggested to Mr. Johnson that he send it to Mr. E. B. Williamson of Bluffton, Indiana, for his opinion. Writing to Mr. Johnson under date of October 8, 1921, Mr. Wilhamson replied: “I studied the specimen this noon hour and‘I don’t know it, and I believe it is undescribed.” Dr. P. P. Calvert has also kindly studied the specimen and agrees with me that it is new. I am there- fore describing it, naming it after my friend, and its collector, whose odonate captures in New Hampshire have added many valuable dis- tributional records. Dr. Allen now recalls nothing about the capture of this particular gomphine, though it was probably caught near the Harvard Engineering Camp. Gomphus alleni, sp. nov. Male: total length of abdomen 34 mm.; length of hind wing 26mm. Colors dark brown, black, and yellow. Head yellow except vertex, antennae, hind edge of occiput, rear base of frons, tips of mandibles, fronto-nasal suture, and back of head (except for a patch on either side) which are brown or black. Post-ocellary ridge tuberculate, occiput without spine, hind margin nearly straight. Prothorax brown with yellow spot at either end of median lobe, and geminate median spot; a median spot on hind lobe. Mesothorax dorsally brown, with the mesothoracic semicollar yellow, slightly broken at mid-dorsal carina, which has a short, central (1 mm.) yellow line; a pair of yellow dorsal stripes (0.5 mm. wide) divergent anteriorly, joining with the external ends of the semicollar; a short, narrow, yellow ante-humeral stripe widely separated from a posterior spot which is almost confluent with posterior ends of dorsal stripes. Lobes between wings yellow. Meso- and metathorax laterally yellow except for lateral suture stripes. Ventrally yellow. Legs dark brown, more or less spinous and villous, coxae and first and second femora yellow basally. Wings hyaline, veins brown or black, pterostigma membranule pale brown, costal margin 2mm. long. Two cells between Al and A2 at their origin with 20 three cells at the wing margin. Antenodal cells 14; postnodal cells 10. Abdomen black or dark brown with yellow as follows: on segments 1 to 8 a mid-dorsal stripe never as long as the segment, and becoming shorter and less prominent posteriorly, almost disappearing on 8, and widening on 1 and 2 to a blotch. Laterally blotched on segments 1 and 2, with a latero-proximal Spot on 3 to 7, and on 8 and 9 with the lower lateral half yellow, 10 ventrally yellow. Segments 7 to 9 moderately expanded (2.5 mm.). Superior appendages dark brown and black, as long as segment 10, acute apically, and bearing two ven- tral teeth near apex, the anterior one more prominent. Ventrally viewed these teeth are on the inturned inner margin. Inferior appendage dark brown and black, villous, reaching posterior tooth of superior appendages, and with ends upturned at apex. Accessory genitalia of segment 2: anterior hamule black, posterior hamule yellowish, vesicle black. Fic. 1.— Accessory genitalia. Fic. 3.— Color pattern of thoracic markings. Fic. 2.— Abdominal appendages, lateral view. Fie. 4.— Abdominal appendages, dorsal view. Type locality: Squam Lake, New Hampshire. _ Type: in the entomological collection of the Boston Society of Natural History, Boston, Massachusetts. This species is evidently a near relative of Gomphus abbrevatus. It makes the twenty-second species of this genus known from New England of which all but two are rare. It differs materially from G. cavillaris Need., G. brimleyi Mutt., G. parvidens Currie, G. viridifrons Hine, and G. brews Hag., in many respects as shown by a comparison of the abdominal appendages. It is also unlike G. abditus Butler described from Chicopee, Massachusetts (Can. Ent., 46 : 347-348, 1914). This latter was overlooked in the author’s Manual of Odonata of New England; it makes 166 species now known from these States. Vou. 5, p. 21-26. JUNE 19, 1922. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF DIPTERA. BY CHARLES W. JOHNSON. Macrocera nobilis, sp. nov. Fic. 10. Face and front yellow, vertex black; antennae brownish, base yellow, length about 20 mm.; palpi brown. Thorax yellow with fine black hairs and three broad, shining, dark-brown stripes, the dorsal stripe not reaching the scutellum, and the subdorsal stripes ending some distance back of the humeri; a narrow lateral stripe is also present. Scutellum yellow, base brown, pleura and metanotum brownish, shining. Abdomen yellow with lateral stripes of dark brown, slightly interrupted at the base of each segment; seventh and eighth segments entirely dark; hypopygium brown, base yellow; the entire abdomen with moderately long, black, hairs. Legs yellow, the tarsi somewhat brownish in appearance due to the greater density of the fine black hairs. The front coxae are striped with brown and the middle and hind coxae have a brown spot at their base and apex. Wings hyaline, slightly tinged with yellow; tip of R 1 moderately thickened. At the base of R 5 and M 1 and 2 there is a small clouding of brown; toward the base from this is a whitish spot on each side of which the veins are thicker and of a darker brown. Length of ¢'9 mm. ; length of 2 10 mm. : The male was taken on the carriage road, Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, July 24, 1915, at about 2,000 feet; the female on Mt. Monadnock, New Hampshire, June 22, 1917. Types in the Society’s Collection. Macrocera trivittata, sp. nov. Similar in appearance to M. nobilis. The pleura is entirely yellow, and the apex of the scutellum dark brown, base yellow. The longer hairs of the thorax are arranged in four regular rows above the upper edges of the subdorsal stripes and between the stripes and the base of the wings. The abdomen has in addition to the lateral stripes a prominent dorsal stripe interrupted at the posterior margin of the segments. The hypopygium is darker and more hairy and the knobs of the halteres are brown. Length 7 mm. One male, Farewell Creek, southern Saskatchewan, Canada, August, 1887 (Mrs. Varah A. Armstrong). Type in the author’s collection. 21 Dee Dicranota eucera O. S. and D. noveboracensis Alexander. Four specimens taken in Tuckerman’s Ravine, and the ‘‘ Alpine Garden,’”’ Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, July 8 and 21, . show a remarkable variation of the venation. One is a typical D. noveboracensis, having cell M1 present in both wings (fig. 1). In two specimens this is present in one wing only, which would make the specimen referable to either D. eucera or D. novebora- censis. The other specimen has not only cell M1, but cell 1st M2 (or discal cell) is also present in both wings. With a large series this might prove a rival to the variable Tricyphona inconstans OS: Apinops atra Coquillett. Fic. 2. This is apparently quite a rare Tachinid; only two have been seen by the writer. The first was collected at Southwest Harbor, Mt. Desert, Maine, August 20, 1920, and the second was received | from Jos. Ouellet, who collected it at Oka, Prov. Quebec, May 24, © 1921. The type was from southern Illinois. The specimen from Quebec is especially interesting on account of its abnormal vena- tion, a supernumerary cross-vein being present on each wing in the middle of the first posterior cell. The left wing also has a stump on the second vein just beyond the tip of the first vein. While supernumerary veins are common in the Tipulidae, they are rarely present in the Muscoid Diptera. EUGENACEPHALA, gen. nov. Eyes oblong, longer than high, cheeks about two-thirds the height of the head; occiput large, facial plate triangular, termi- nating in a point between the base of the antennae with a deep triangular fovea below the base of the antennae. Sternopleural bristles are wanting — while there is a large bristle near the edge of the sternopleura it is distinctly on the hypopleura. Genotype, H. salsa, sp. nov. Eugenacephala salsa, sp. nov. Fias. 3, 4. 6’, 2 — Face and cheeks brown; front black, opaque, “with fine hairs in irregular transverse rows; three large facial, three frontal-orbital, four vertical, two post-vertical, and two ocellar bristles; first and second joints of the antennae reddish, with numerous bristle-like hairs, the third joint black, rounded and relatively small; aristae and palpi blackish. Thorax and scutellum black, opaque and covered with even, short hairs; one anterior and two 23 posterior dorso-centrals, a humeral, post-humeral, presuteral, one post-alar and two supra-alar bristles; scutellum with four marginal bristles. Abdomen black, opaque, with black hairs, which are larger along the lateral and posterior margins. In the female the third segment is nearly double the length of the second while in the male they are about equal. Genitalia of the male rounded, with two long projections which extend along the venter to the posterior margin of the third segment. Legs dark brown, in the female light brown; the anterior femora thickened, shining, the middle and posterior femora but slightly thickened. All of the femora with prominent rows of flexor and extensor bristles; tibial. spurs large. Wings brownish, the venation typical of the Scatomyzidae.. Length: ¢‘, 6 mm.; 96.5 mm. Five specimens: holotype, Essex, Massachusetts, May 7, 1920 (A. B. Fuller). Allotype, ‘‘Narrows,’’ Mt. Desert, Maine, August 13, 1920 (C. W. J.). Paratypes, () Cohasset, Massachusetts, May 16, 1904 (Owen Bryant), and two (o', 2) Hampton Beach, New Hampshire, May 3, 1922 (C. E. White, Jr.). Types, four in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History and one (Hampton Beach, New Hampshire) in the author’s collection. The flattened mesonotum and scutellum, and the stout legs suggest the genus Coelopa, but the smooth face, shape of the head, more numerous thoracic bristles, the rounded abdomen and shape of the genitalia, clearly show that it belongs to the family Scatophagidae. The species seems to be confined to the salt marshes of our coast. At Mt. Desert it was associated with Ceratinostoma ostiarum Hali- day, Cirrula gigantea Cresson, and other maritime species. Another interesting species taken at the same time was Clanoneurum cimiciformis Haliday. Micropselapha (?) albifacies, sp. nov. Fic. 5. d'.— Head pointed, frontal stripe depressed, dark brown and about one-half of the total width of the front; orbits grayish pruinose, bearing three bristles of equal size; two ocellar bristles, and two large vertical bristles back of the upper angle of the eye; face white, strongly receding; cheeks and vibrissae white; palpi light yellow; occiput nearly as wide as the eye, black, grayish pollinose; antennae black, third joint about four times as long as the second, with a whitish pubescence and a dull yellowish base; arista black, with a short, sparse plumosity. Thorax black, grayish pellinose, dorso-centrals 1-3, scutellum with two long bristles; bristles of the pleura white. Abdomen black, grayish pollinose, hairs white. Genitalia light yellow; the V-shaped process extends beneath to the posterior margin of the third segment. Legs including the coxae light yellow; hairs, bristles and tarsi blackish. Halteres yellow. Wings hyaline, with very fine hairs, veins brown. Length 2.5 mm. 24 One specimen, Fort Kent, Maine, August 17, 1920. Type in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. I am placing this provisionally in the above genus until more material . is available. Amphicnephes pullus (Wiedemann). Fic. 8. In the Genera Insectorum, Diptera, family Muscaridae, sub- family Platystominae, p. 133, tab. 12, figs. 223, 224, 1914, Hendel figures this species as the genotype, presumably from the type, which is in the Museum at Vienna. Recently in studying some specimens from Florida, in connection with those from the more northern States, I find that those from Florida have the antennae as figured by Hendel, the third joint being about six times as long as the second (fig. 8), narrow, of even width and slightly concave above, with the end bluntly rounded. In the more northern specimens ranging from North Carolina to Massachusetts, which represent the A. pertusus Loew, the third joint is only three times ~ as long as the second (fig. 9), rounded below and straight above and ending with a blunt point at the upper edge. The Florida specimens are also larger, measuring 4 mm., while the northern specimens are 3 mm. Loew’s genus Amphicnephes was based on A. pertusus and being monotypic, that species becomes the genotype instead of A. pullus. - RHYNENCINA, gen. nov. Front broad, with two pairs of inclinate fronto-orbital bristles; two large vertical bristles with a small orbital in front opposite the ocelli. The third joint of the antennae is rounded and less than twice the length of the second. Face, palpi and proboscis greatly protruding, the latter bent backward and longer than the head. The anterior cross-vein is midway between the base and the outer end of the discal cell; basal cells of equal length. Genotype, &. longirostris, sp. nov. Rhynencina longirostris, sp. nov. Fias. 6, 7. 3’. — Front bright yellow, opaque; ocellar triangle small, blackish, with two bristles; antennae dull yellow, aristae black, pubescent; face yellow, shining, protruding, the prominent palpi about one-half the length of the head; proboscis yellow, very long and extending backward from the bend to the tip, longer than the head; occiput yellow, with two black spots in the middle. Thorax dark yellow, opaque, with numerous fine black hairs, a 25 small black spot between the scutellum and the base of the wing; humeri, a triangular spot in front of the wings, and the scutellum light yellow, the latter with four bristles. There are one post-acrostical, dorso-central, post-humeral, notopleural and superalar, two post-alar and one sterno-pleural, bristles. Abdo- men dark yellow, shining, with fine black hairs. Halteres and legs yellow. Wings hyaline, clouded as follows:—apex, an irregular band extending from the costa across the posterior cross-vein, a second band from the tip of the first vein across the anterior cross-vein, but not reaching the margin; there is a short band or spot at the costa midway between these, which does not extend beyond the third vein; stigma and base of the wings yellow. Length 3 mm. 2 .—Similar to the male, except that the ovipositor which is nearly one-half the length of the abdomen, is dark red with the base and tip black; the lateral margins of the second and third segments are also narrowly margined with black. Length 5 mm. Three specimens from Mt. Alto, Pennsylvania, July 22, 1921, collected by T. T. Guyton, were received from A. B. Champlain. Types in the collections of the author and Bureau of Plant Indus- try, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The shape of the head resembles somewhat that of Gonyglossum wiedemanni Meig. as figured by Dr. Bezzi (Boll. del Lab. di Zool. Gen. e Agraria, Portici, 1910, p. 5, fig. 1). The fewer frontal bristles, shape of the eyes, shorter third antennal joint, pubescent arista, longer palpi and proboscis, and the basal cells of equal length seem to separate it widely from that genus. Except for the position of the anterior cross-veins and the longer palpi and proboscis, it is near to Encina, — hence the generic name. Geomyza subdola, sp. nov. Fia. 11. 3’; &.—Head, antennae, palpi and proboscis yellow; arista brown, pubescent; face yellow; a second pair of small, frontal orbital bristles is present. Thorax yellow, subshining, with fine black hairs and three pairs of dorso-centrals; seutellum yellow, with four bristles; abdomen dark brown, the first and second segments with a very narrow, lighter posterior margin. Legs yellow, halteres white. Wings hyaline, with a brown spot at the end of the second vein, extend- ing from the costa to the third vein; beyond this at the tip of the wing 1s a whitish spot; costal cells yellow. Length, 2.6 mm. Four specimens: holotype, Manomet, Massachusetts, July 27, 1905; paratypes, Auburndale, Massachusetts, August 16; Rutland, Massachusetts, July 9, and Dummerston, Vermont, July 14. All collected by the writer and in the collection of the Society. This species of Geomyza is quite distinct, in that it lacks the cloudings on the cross-veins. 26 Agromyza diversa, sp. nov. 3, 8 — Front and occiput black, face brown, epistoma and a median raised line yellow; palpi, proboscis and antennae yellow, aristae brown and slightly . pubescent. Four frontal orbital bristles. Thorax dark yellow, somewhat shining with numerous fine black hairs; the humeri and scutellum light yellow; three dorso-central and one post-acrostical; scutellum with four long bristles. Abdomen yellow or reddish yellow, hypopygium yellow, ovipositor black. Legs and halteres entirely yellow. Wings hyaline. Length 2.5 mm. Five specimens: holotype and allotype, Chester, Massachusetts, August 9, 1912, and two paratypes, Dummerston, Vermont, July 14, 1908, in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History; one paratype, Lafayette, Indiana, in the J. M. Aldrich collection, U. S. National Museum. Fig. 1— Right wing of Dicrancta eucera O. S., with cell M 1 present. Fig. 2.—Wing of Apinops atra Coq., with a@ supernumerary cross-vein. Fig. 3.—Head of sp. nov. Fig. 4—Hypopygium of E. salsa, sp. nov. Fig. 5—Head of Micropselapha (?) albi- facies, sp. nov. Eugenacephala_ salsa, Fig. 6—Head of Rhynencina longirostris, sp. Dov. Fig. 7.—Wing of R&R. longirostris, sp. nov. Fig. 8.—Antenna of Amphicnephes pullus Wied. Fig. 9.—Antenna of A. pertusus Loew. Fig. 10.— Wing of Macrocera nobilis,sp.nov. Fig. 11.—Wing of Geomyza subdola, sp. nov. Vou. 5, p. 27-33, pl. 3. Aveust 18, 1922 Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. THE ASCIDIAN AMAROUCIUM CONSTELLATUM _ A VALID SPECIES. By CASWELL GRAVE. Tue conclusion is reached by Van Name (1910) as the result of his study of Amaroucium pellucidum (Leidy, 1855) and A. con- stellatum (Verrill, 1871) (compound ascidians), that they constitute a single species to which Leidy’s name, pellucidum should be applied. He proposes, however, since the species regularly occurs in two dissimilar forms, that Verrill’s species be distinguished as A. pellucidum, form constellatum. This conclusion is accepted as valid by Sumner, Osburn and Cole (1913) but, in their report, they list and treat Verrill’s species independently of A. pellucidum although under the name proposed | by Van Name, A. pellucidum, form constellatum. In the course of my studies of the tadpole larvae of the ascidians of the Woods Hole region, however, it was noted that: the larvae of A. pellucidum and of A. constellatum differ consistently in size, structure, and behavior and that the differences between them are of a nature and magnitude such as to give them specific value. The object of this paper is to call attention to these differences in the larval forms of the two species; to differences also in the adult forms; to show that the species A. constellatum of Verrill should not be merged with Leidy’s A. pellucidum; and to empha- size the fact that no species can be completely or satisfactorily described in the absence of a knowledge of its complete life history, especially if a larval.form is present. The larval form is just as truly the species as is the adult and in many cases, as in tunicates, parasitic copepods, barnacles and other forms considered to be degenerate, it attains a higher grade of organization than is found in the adult condition. The observation made by Van Name and by Sumner, Osburn and Cole, that led them to consider A. constellatum (Verrill) as a er Ser 28 form only of A. pellucidum (Leidy), is that mixed colonies of these two ascidians, such as those shown in the photographs, Plate 3, in which a part of each colony has the appearance characteristic of A. pellucidum, the remaining part, or parts, the appearance characteristic of A. constellatum, are very frequently taken in the dredge from the sandy and rocky bottoms of Vineyard Sound. Van Name states, (1910, p. 404), ‘“‘This species [Amaroucium pellucidum] exists in two very dissimilar forms, which have been considered distinct species (the typical A. pellucodum, and A. con- stellatum Verrill), but which are in reality not even true subspecies, as is shown by some colonies which in one part have the typical pellucidum characters, while in the remainder of the colony the constellatum characters are equally well developed. There are also specimens in which the whole colony has characters inter- mediate between the two.”’ ‘‘ Where the coating of sand is abraded or wanting, the test is seen to be translucent and gelatinous. In such cases, there is a tendency of the lobules to be more or less fused or united, and the specimen then approaches the form stellatum . . . in its characters” (zbid., p. 405). “Amaroucium pellucidum develops into the typical sand-incrusted form on a sandy bottom only. Where it grows on rocks or piles of wharves, the constellatum form develops”’ (2bid., p. 348). Having found that typical A. constellatum colonies liberate tadpole larvae that are strikingly different from those set free by typical A. pellucidum colonies, careful dissections of the two types of lobules present in the mixed colonies were made and, in every case, typical constellatum tadpole larvae (Fig. 1, B), were found in the constellatum lobules even in cases in which a single lobule only, surrounded by hundreds of pellucidum lobules, was present; and typical pellucidum tadpole larvae (Fig. 1, A), were invariably found in pellucidum lobules. In no case were tadpoles of inter- mediate characters found and, in this connection, it may be stated that colonies which had characters intermediate between the two species, such as are referred to by Van Name, (1910, p. 404), have not come to my attention although hundreds of colonies of both species have been handled each season for several years. In practically all colonies composed of both pellucidum and con- stellatum lobules, the pellucidum type predominates, indicating that the pellucidum colony is the first to become established and that it forms an object to which constellatwm tadpole larvae sub- sequently find place for attachment. In the dissection of mixed 29 colonies, a continuity of adjacent pellucidum lobules can usually be made out, but such continuity between adjacent lobules of the pellucidum and constellatum types is significantly wanting. Fie. 1.— Outline sketches of the body portion of the tadpole larvae of A. pellucidum (A) and A. constellatum (B), drawn to scale with the camera lucida, as seen from the right side, to show differences in size and structure. a.s., atrial siphon; ad.p., adhesive papillae; ep.t., epidermal tubes; m., mantle; m.c.b., muscle-cell bands; n., notocord; o.s., oral siphon; p., pigment spots in sensory vesicle; per., pericardium; ¢., tunic; ¢.v., test vesicles. A considerable number of characters in which there is diversity between the two species are enumerated and contrasted in parallel columns in the tables which follow. Table 1 lists characters peculiar to the larval form. These characters, as differentiated in the larva of A. constellatum, have been described and discussed in two papers (Grave, 1920, 1921). The activities and structures of the tadpole larva of A. pellucidum form the subject of a paper now in the course of preparation. Table 2 lists characters of the adult colony or ascidio-zoéids, as compiled from data published by Verrill, Van Name, and Sumner, Osburn and Cole. In addition to the characters of the two species, enumerated in Table 2, I have 30 found them to be diverse also in the time at which they liberate free-swimming larvae. In both species a periodicity in this act is manifested (under laboratory conditions) which is more marked and definite in A. pellucidum than in A. constellatum. Tadpole . larvae in great numbers are set free by colonies of both species at, or shortly after sunrise each day during the summer months, but the “daylight swarm” appears definitely later by a few minutes from colonies of A. pellucidum than from A. constellatum. Colonies of A. pellucidum continue, during all hours of the day, to set larvae free in considerable abundance, but colonies of A. constellatum liberate very few after the initial swarm at daylight. Differences of a structural and physiological nature, such as are found not only in the larval, but also in the adult forms of these two species, cannot be regarded as expressions of a dimor- phism of a single species, induced by slight imaginable differences in the environment. They are rather to be regarded as the expres- sion of specific differences in genetic constitution. A. pellucidum and A. constellatum although very nearly related, are both valid - species. 31 TABLE 1. Characters in which the Tadpole Larvae of A. pellucidum and A. constellatum are Diverse, listed in Parallel Columns. Character Size of tadpole Color Test vesicles Epidermal tubes Muscle cells of tail Duration of free- swimming period Per cent which undergo metamor- phosis, (under lab- oratory conditions) metamorphosis. Amaroucium pellucidum 1.50 to 1.74 mm. total length 0.48 to 0.54 mm. body length 0.21 to 0.28 mm. body depth Pale straw color. Differentiated _at two points at beginning of Hight in number, large, conspicuously developed, persistent in the primary z00id. About 42 muscle cells pres- ent, two series (dorsal and ventral) each made up of three longitudinal rows of about seven cells each. 30 minutes to 41% hours or longer. 46 per cent to 86 per cent ‘(based upon observations of four lots aggregating 857 tadpole larvae). a Amaroucium constellatum 2.25 mm. total length 0.74 to 0.78 mm. body length 0.36 to 0.44 mm. body depth Pale to orange. Varies directly with the color of the parent colony. at four liberation Differentiated points before from the parent zoéid. None present. About 160 muscle cells pres- - ent; two series, each made up of four longitudinal rows of about twenty cells each. 10 minutes to 100 minutes. 100 per cent. 32 TABLE 2. Characters in which the Colony or Ascidio-zoéid of A. pellucidum and A. con- stellatum are Diverse, listed in Parallel Columns. Z Character Amaroucium pellucidum Amaroucium constellatum External appear- | Gelatinous test densely | Gelatinous test smooth and ance of colony and evenly coated with | clean. sand. Size of colonies 160 to 200 mm. in diameter.} Occasionally 80 mm. in diameter and 30 to 50 mm. in height. Usually 10 to 25 mm. in diameter and 10 to 25 mm. in height. 70 to 90 mm. in height. Lobules Lobules entirely separate | Lobules fused. Systems of except at bases. Each 1 lobule with a single circu- lar or oval system of zoéids and with a cloacal orifice in the center. 5 to 10 mm. in diameter at the end. or oval but usually irregular and extensive, their limits difficult to make out. Average length of about Size of zodids Frequently attaining a 14 mm. length of about 20 to 25 mm. Longer and slenderer than those of A. constella- tum. Color of zodids Stomach bright orange- | Zodids orange-yellow. Ori- fices, siphons and upper part of mantle bright orange or lemon-yellow, branchial sac flesh-colored or pale yellow, sometimes bright orange. Stomach with bright orange-red longitudinal ribs. Intestine light orange. red, other parts incon- spicuously colored. No. of stigmata 12 to 14 transverse rows. 9 to 11 transverse rows. Habitat Not found on piles of | Common on piles of wharves. wharves. Range Vineyard Sound to North | Gloucester, Massachusetts, Carolina. to Cold Spring Harbor, New York. zodids occasionally circular — 30 REFERENCES. GRAVE, CaswEeLi. 1920. Amaroucium pellucidum (Leidy) form constella- tum (Verrill). I. The activities and reactions of the tadpole larva. Journ. Exp. Zool., vol. 30, p. 239-257. . 1921. Amaroucium constellatum (Verrill). II. The structure and organization of the tadpole larva. Journ. Morph., vol. 36, p. 71-101. Leipy, J. 1855. Contributions towards a knowledge of the marine invertebrate fauna of the coasts of Rhode Island and New Jersey. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, vol. 3, p. 135-152, pl. 10-11. “Alcyonidium pellucidum,” p. 142, pl. 10, fig. 24. Sumner, F. B., Ospurn, R. C., and Cots, L. J. 1913. A biological survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicinity. Bull. U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, vol. 31, 860 pp. Van Name, W. G. 1910. Compound ascidians of the coasts of New England and neighboring British Provinces. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 34, p. 339-424, pl. 34-39. Verritt, A. E. 1871. Brief contributions to zodlogy from the Museum of Yale College. No. XVI. On the distribution of marine animals on the southern coast of New England. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 357-362. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3. Photographs of mixed colonies of Amaroucium pellucidum and A. con- stellatum. Among the sand-encrusted pellucidum lobules which make up the general field, constellatum masses of various sizes and shapes are found, the position of some of the latter indicated by dotted lines. OccastonaL Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hisr., Vou. 5. PLATE 3. GRAVE ON AMAROUCIUM. Vot. 5, p. 35-45, pl. 4. OcrToBER 31, 1922. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. NEW BEES OF THE GENUS ANDRENA. BY HENRY L. VIERECK. U. 8. Biological Survey. In ORDER, at this time, to identify some species of Andrena _ for my friend, Mr. Charles W. Johnson, I submit the following descriptions and drawings in advance of my still uncompleted monograph of Pan-American Andrena. Andrena (Andrena) tumida, new species. Type. — Bosten Society of Natural History. Type locality. — Echo Lake, Mt. Desert, Maine, July 12, 1918 (C. W. Johnson). Has characters in common with A. (A.) bisalicis Viereck. Female. — Length 9 mm.; body black, mostly covered with pale-ochreous hairs; head with its facial line : transfacial line :: 56: 65; axial line : temporal line :: 29 : 17; malar line : joint 3 of antennae :: 2 : 9; elevated portion of malar space distinctly shorter than the depressed portion; ocelloccipital line : greatest diameter of lateral ocellus :: 3 : 5; head covered with pale-ochreous hairs, front distinctly longitudinally striate, not elevated into a welt along the fovea; fovea at most : ocellocular line :: 8 : 12; distance between fovea and ocelli : ocellocular line :: 3 : 12; foveal band at upper end of inner eye- margin represented by a shiny line, fovea attenuated below and continued to a point apparently a little below the antennal line; fovea filled with golden hairs that in some lights appear whitish, face nearly polished, indistinctly reticulate, with shallow punctures that are as many as four puncture-widths apart; clypeus distinctly elevated above the apical margin, abnormally con- vex, partly polished, its punctures larger, well defined and closer; clypearea present on the lower half, wide, clypeus thinly hairy, its sculpture not at all hidden by hairs; labrarea truncate, its width at base : length down the middle -::12 : 5; width at apex : length down the middle :: 4 : 5; labrarea at base : distance between lower corners of clypeus : : 12 : 20; labrum with a fringe of dark-golden hairs, labrum without a median longitudinal crista between its apical edge and the labrarea; joint 3 of antennae : 4+5 :: 8.5 : 8; joints 4 and 5 thicker than long, the succeeding joints from as long as thick to a little longer than thick except joint 12 which is distinctly longer than thick; antennae blackish throughout; mandibles atypical, robust, extending to the outer edge of the labrarea, black except for the apical fourth and inner edge which are more or less reddish; palpi nearly typical; thorax covered with an abundance of pale-ochreous hairs which are shorter on the dorsulum than on the mesopleurae, dorsulum shiny, finely reticulated and punctured much like the face but denser; notauli represented by an impressed shining line; hairs of mesopleurae and dorsulum concolorous, mesopleurae sculptured somewhat like the dorsulum but not so closely or distinctly punctured; scutel hairy and sculptured much like the dorsulum but more shiny, its punctures sparse laterally, dense down the middle; metanotum hairy like the dorsulum, 36 densely sculptured; tegulae dark stramineous, polished, wing base partly blackish brown; subcosta blackish brown, stigma brownish stramineous, rest of veins dull stramineous, membrane with a uniform brownish tinge; legs blackish except for small joints of the tarsi and hind metatarsi which are more or less dark brown; legs covered with golden hairs; scopa typical, its hairs concolorous, pale golden, hairs at base above decidedly darkened; hind metatarsi at most apparently a little wider than mid-metatarsi; pro- podeum with its enclosure poorly defined, shiny and finely reticulated, except for a basal triangular portion which is wrinkled; rest of upper face of pro- podeum finely reticulated and with rather closely arranged shallow punc- tures, and covered with fine, pale, ochreous hair; propodeal pleurae shiny, finely reticulated and with sparse shallow punctures; abdomen with its tergum shining and sculptured much like the propodeal pleurae but with smaller, better-defined, closer punctures, the punctures from three to six or more puncture-widths apart on the first tergite, the punctures hardly closer on the succeeding tergites; second, third and fourth tergites with a thin apical, whitish hair-band that is interrupted in the middle; apical edge of first, second, third and fourth tergites with a stramineous border; second tergite with its elevated portion down the middle : depressed portion presumably :: 20 : 10; fifth tergite shining, reticulate, its punctures closer and larger than on the other tergites; pygidium nearly pointed at apex; tergum with inconspicuous, pale, nearly erect hairs in addition to the hair-bands; fimbria dark brown, appearing blackish. Male. — Length 8 mm.; body black, mostly covered with whitish hair; head with its facial line : transfacial line :: 56 : 64; axial line : temporal line :: 29 : 12; temples rounded, nearly trapezoidal; malar line : joint 3 of antennae :: 2 : 8; elevated portion of malar space down its middle much shorter than the depressed portion, head covered with hairs that are con- colorous with the remaining body hairs; front striato-punctate, shiny except below where it is not striate but dullish punctate to the shiny, hairless near- fovea along the eye-margin; ocellocular line : ocelloccipital line :: 12 : 5; face as in the female, clypeo-antennal area finely wrinkled, supraclypeal area shallowly striato-punctate; clypeus convex and sculptured nearly as in the female, sculpture of the clypeus not hidden by the moustache; labrarea broad, truncate, polished; its width at base : greatest length :: 7 : 4; width at apex : length down the middle :: 5 : 4; labrarea at base : distance between lower corners of clypeus :: 7 : 15; labrum with a fringe of pale hairs later- ally; joint 3 of antennae : joint 4 ::9 : 5; joint 4 and following joints from a little more than one and one-half times as long as thick to nearly twice as long as thick up to the ninth joint, the succeeding joints shorter than the eighth joint; antennae dullish; flagel almost straight in outline; antennae blackish throughout; mandible atypical, rather heavy, extending to the outer edge of the labrum and nearly to end of the basal half of its fellow, black except for the apical fourth which is mostly dull, dark reddish; palpi nearly typical; thorax covered with an abundance of whitish hairs; hairs of dorsulum not much shorter than hair of mesopleurae; dorsulum shiny, finely reticu- lated and closely punctured, the punctures distinct and from nearly adjoining to three puncture-widths apart, mostly nearly adjoining or not more than two puncture-widths apart; notauli represented by a shining line; mesopleurae shiny, with whitish hairs throughout, finely reticulated and mostly covered with adjoining or nearly adjoining shallow pits; scutel hairy and sculptured much like the dorsulum; metanotum hairy and sculptured much like the dorsulum except that the sculpture is denser; tegulae brownish stramineous, partly polished, mostly closely punctured; wing base mostly pale stramineous, partly blackish, subcosta blackish, stigma brownish stramineous, membrane uniformly tinged with brown; legs blackish brown, excepting the tarsi which are rather dark brown; legs mostly covered with whitish hairs; hind metatarsi at most hardly wider than mid-metatarsi and nearly half as wide as hind tibiae at apex of the latter; propodeum with its enclosure poorly defined, 37 with irregular rugae on basal half, finely reticulated on apical half, rounded off at apex, rest of upper face sculptured somewhat like the mesopleurae but with smaller pits and covered with concolorous hair; propodeal pleurae finely reticulate, sparsely indistinctly punctured, propodeal floccus whitish; abdo- men with its tergum shining, almost polished, partly finely reticulated, dis- tinctly punctured, the punctures mostly three or four puncture-widths apart; first tergite with erect whitish hairs, second and third tergites with shorter, reclinate, whitish hairs; second tergite with its elevated portion down the middle : depressed portion presumably :: 21 : 6; third and fourth tergites with whitish reclinate hairs on the elevated portion; exposed portion of sixth and seventh tergites with a stramineous margin; seventh and eighth sternites as in the figures of these parts; tergum not conspicuously banded, appearing bandless, with rather inconspicuous hairs that are supplemented on the sides of the second, third and fourth tergites by thin ochreous hair; hair at apex of abdomen whitish or pale ochreous; cardo finely reticulated; hypopygium mostly dark brownish; lingam and end of stipes pale stramineous. Other localities. — One female, Colebrook, Connecticut, June 8 to 11, 1911 (W. M. Wheeler). One female, Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, June 24, 1913 (C. W. Johnson). Allotopotype. — Boston Society of Natural History, with the same data as the type. Presumably related to A. (A.) fragariana Graenicher. Andrena (Andrena) adelae, new species. Type locality. — Chevy Chase, Maryland, April 22, 1919 (Pearce Davis). Related to A. (A.) twmida Viereck. Female.— Length 9 mm.; body black, mostly covered with pale-ochreous, almost white hairs; head with its facial line : transfacial line :: 52 : 64; axial line : temporal line :: 26 : 15; elevated portion of malar space shorter than. depressed portion; malar line : joint 3 of antennae :: 2 : 8; ocelloccipital line : greatest diameter of lateral ocellus :: 4 : 4; head covered with whitish hairs, front rather longitudinally sculptured, almost reticulate, not elevated into a welt along the fovea; fovea at most : ocellocular line :: 7 : 12; distance between fovea and ocelli : ocellocular line :: 5 : 12; foveal band poorly devel- oped, not present at upper end of the inner eye-margin; fovea attenuated toward its lower end which is apparently a little below the clypeal line, fovea filled with pale-ochreous hairs; face mostly shiny, partly finely reticulate, with rather indefinite punctures that are apparently well separated; clypeus convex, sculptured like the face except that the punctures are larger and well defined; clypearea represented by sparser puncturation down the middle of the clypeus, the latter thinly hairy, its sculpture not at all hidden by hairs; labrarea truncate, its width at base : length down the middle :: 10 : 3; width -at apex : length down the middle :: 5 : 3; labrum with a fringe of golden hairs and with a poorly developed median longitudinal elevated line between the labrarea and apical edge of labrum; joint 3 of antennae :4+5 :: 8:9; joints 4 and 5 thicker than long, the succeeding joints as thick as long or little longer than thick except joint 12 which is distinctly longer than thick; antennae blackish throughout; mandibles atypical, robust, extending to the outer edge of the labrarea, black except for the apical fourth and inner edge which are clear dark reddish; palpi nearly typical; thorax covered with an abundance of pale-ochreous, almost white hairs which are shorter on the dorsulum than on the mesopleurae; dorsulum dullish, finely reticulated and punctured like the face but more distinctly so and not so shiny; notauli represented by a shining line; mesopleurae with almost whitish hairs, sculptured somewhat like the dorsulum but not so closely or distinctly punctured; scutel hairy and sculptured much like the dorsulum, except that its disc is more shiny; metanotum hairy and sculptured like the dorsulum except that the sculpture 38 is denser and less distinct; tegulae pale brownish, polished; wing base partly blackish brown; subcosta brownish, stigma and rest of veins yellowish stramin- eous, membrane nearly colorless; legs blackish except for the tarsi and hind tibiae which are more or less dark brown, legs covered with pale golden hairs; scopa typical, its hairs uniformly yellowish golden even at base above; hind . metatarsi at most, apparently, a little narrower than mid-metatarsi; propo- deum with its enclosure defined, dullish and finely reticulated, rest of upper face of propodeum sculptured somewhat like the mesopleurae but with smaller punctures, and covered with finer pale-ochreous hair; propodeal pleurae with sparse shallow punctures, floccus ochreous; abdomen with its tergum shining and sculptured much like the face, the punctures poorly defined and wide apart; second, third and fourth tergites without an apical, whitish hair-band but with a thin fringe of pale hairs; apical edge of first, second, third and fourth tergites with a brownish stramineous border; second tergite with its elevated portion down the middle : depressed portion :: 14 : 7; fifth tergite shining, reticulate, its punctures coarse and closer together than on the other tergites; pygidium with a finely sculptured, triangular embossed area bounded by flat margin, nearly pointed at apex; tergum with inconspicuous, pale, nearly erect hairs; fimbria and end of abdomen with brownish-golden hair. Andrena (Andrena) albisigna, new species. Type. — Boston Society of Natural History. Type locality. — Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, 2,000 to 4,000 feet, July 6, 1914 (C. W. Johnson). Could be confused with A. (A.) adelae Viereck, and closely resembles A. (A.) novae angliae Viereck. Female. — Length 9 mm.; body black, abdomen seemingly tinged with green, mostly covered with pale-ochreous, almost white hairs; head with its facial line : transfacial line :: 50 : 57; axial line : temporal line :: 23 : 15; malar line : joint 3 of antennae :: 2 : 8; elevated portion of malar space dis- tinctly shorter than depressed portion; ocelloccipital line : greatest diameter of lateral ocellus :: 3 : 4; head covered with pale-ochreous hairs, front rather definitely, longitudinally sculptured, not elevated into a welt along the fovea; fovea at most : ocellocular line :: 7 : 10; distance between fovea and ocelli : ocellocular line :: 3 : 10; foveal band present and at upper end of the inner eye-margin : ocellocular line nearly :: 1 : 10; fovea attenuated toward_its lower end which is at a point apparently half-way between the clypeal line and the antennal line; fovea filled with pale yellowish-golden hairs; face nearly polished, indistinctly reticulate, with distinct punctures that are as many as four puncture-widths apart; clypeus slightly elevated above the apical margin, convex, sculptured like the face except that the disc is polished and the punctures are larger and better defined; clypearea present but poorly defined, clypeus thinly hairy, its sculpture not at all hidden by hairs; labrarea truncate, its width at base : length down the middle :: 12 : 5; width at apex : greatest length :: 4 : 5; labrarea at base : distance between lower corners of clypeus :: 12:18; labrum with a fringe of golden hairs, labrum without a suggestion of a median longitudinal crista but polished between the labrarea and apical edge of labrum; joint 3 of antennae :4+5 ::8:6; joints 4 and 5 thicker than long, the succeeding joints from a little longer than thick to nearly twice as long as thick in the end joint; antennae blackish throughout; man- dibles atypical, robust, extending to the outer edge of the labrarea, black except for the apical fourth and inner edge which are clear dark reddish; palpi nearly typical; thorax covered with an abundance of pale-ochreous, almost white hairs which are shorter on the dorsulum than the hairs on the mesopleurae; dorsulum dullish, finely reticulated and punctured like the face but more distinctly and closely; notauli represented by a shining line; mesopleurae sculptured somewhat like the dorsulum but not so closely or distinctly punctured; scutel, except on its edges, hairy and sculptured much like the dorsulum but more shiny and partly almost polished; metanotum 39 hairy like the mesopleurae, its sculpture denser and less distinct than that of the dorsulum; tegulae brownish stramineous, almost polished, wing-base partly blackish brown; subcosta blackish brown, stigma and other veins pale brownish stramineous, membrane uniformly yellowish; legs blackish except for the small joints of the tarsi which are more or less stramineous, legs covered with brownish-golden and ochreous hairs; scopa typical, its hairs pale yellowish golden except at base above where they are brownish, hairs at base above decidedly darkened; hind metatarsi at most apparently a little narrower than mid-metatarsi; propodeum with its enclosure poorly defined, dullish and finely reticulated, its basal half with rather distinct rugae; rest of upper face of propodeum sculptured somewhat like the mesopleurae and covered with finer pale-ochreous hair; propodeal pleurae finely reticulated and with sparse shallow punctures; abdomen with its tergum shining, finely reticulated and sparsely, indistinctly punctured, the punctures from two to six or more puncture-widths apart on the first tergite, the punctures hardly closer on the succeeding tergites; second, third and fourth tergites subfasciate laterally, apical edge of first, second, third and fourth tergites with a stramin- eous border; second tergite with its elevated portion down the middle : depressed portion ::17 : 6; fifth tergite shining, reticulate, its punctures more distinct than on the other tergites; pygidium convex at the end where it is aealy pointed; tergum with inconspicuous pale hairs; fimbria brownish golden. Andrena (Andrena) lata, new species. Type. — Boston Society of Natural History. Type locality. — Bar Harbor, Maine, June 8 (C. W. Johnson). Has characters in common with A. (A.) xanthostigma Viereck. Named lata on account of the broad foveae. In the sculpture of the clypeus, shape of the labrarea, sculpture of propodeum and abdomen there is so much resemblance between this species and A. vulgaris Viereck that I would not be surprised if they should prove to be sexes of the same species. Female. — Length 9 mm.; body black, mostly covered with pale-ochreous, almost white hairs; head with its facial line : transfacial line :: 55 : 67; axial line : temporal line :: 27 : 18; malar line : joint 3 of antennae :: 2 : 9; ele- vated portion of malar space virtually wanting; ocelloccipital line : greatest diameter of lateral ocellus :: 4 : 4; head covered with pale-ochreous hairs, front rather indistinctly longitudinally sculptured, not elevated into a welt along the fovea; fovea at most : ocellocular line :: 10 : 14; distance between fovea and ocelli : ocellocular line :: 4 .: 14; foveal band wanting at upper end of the inner eye-margin, fovea typical, attenuated below its middle, and continued to a point apparently on the clypeal line; fovea filled with pale- ochreous hairs; hairs of vertex and temples along the upper edge of the eye ochreous; face mostly finely reticulate, with rather indistinct punctures that are as many as three or more puncture-widths apart; clypeus slightly elevated above the apical margin, convex, sculptured like the face except that the punctures are larger, better defined and closer together; clypearea wanting; clypeus thinly hairy, its sculpture not at all hidden by hairs; labrarea sub- emarginate, its width at base : length down the middle :: 12 : 3; width at apex : greatest length :: 6 : 4; labrarea at base : distance between lower corners of clypeus :: 12 : 20; labrum with a fringe of brownish-golden hairs, but with barely a suggestion of a median longitudinal crista between the labrarea and apical edge of labrum; joint 3 of antennae :4++5 ::9 : 8; joints 4 and 5 thicker than long, the succeeding joints as thick as long or longer than thick except joint 12 which is nearly twice as long as thick; antennae blackish throughout; mandibles atypical, robust, extending to the outer edge of the labrarea, black except for the apical fourth and inner edge which are clear dark reddish; palpi nearly typical; thorax covered with an abundance of pale-ochreous, almost white hairs which are shorter on the dorsulum where they are darker than the almost whitish hairs on the mesopleurae; anterior 40 edge of pronotum black; dorsulum dullish, finely reticulated, its punctures larger and sparser than on the face; notauli represented by a shining line; mesopleurae sculptured somewhat like the dorsulum but not so sparsely or distinctly punctured; scutel hairy and sculptured much like the dorsulum, except that the hairs are longer and coarser on the edges; metanotum hairy - like the hind edge of the scutel, its sculpture dense and rather indefinite; tegulae brownish, nearly polished, wing-base partly dark brownish, subcosta blackish brown, stigma and other veins brownish stramineous, membrane uniformly tinged with brown; legs blackish except for the small tarsi beyond the metatarsi which are more or less dark brown, legs covered with brownish- golden and ochreous hairs; scopa typical, its hairs pale golden except at base above where they are dark brownish; hind metatarsi at most apparently a little narrower than mid-metatarsi; propodeum, with its enclosure, distin- guishable from the adjoining region only by its hairlessness, dullish and finely reticulated, rest of upper face of propodeum sculptured somewhat like the metanotum but not so densely, and covered with finer pale-ochreous hair; propodeal pleurae finely reticulated and with sparse shallow punctures; floccus pale ochreous; abdomen with its tergum shining, faintly greenish, nearly polished, finely reticulate and with sparse, fine, inconspicuous punc- tures from two to six or more puncture-widths apart on the first tergite, the punctures hardly closer on the succeeding tergites; second, third and fourth tergites without an apical, whitish hair-band; apical edge of first, second, - third and fourth tergites with a stramineous border; second tergite with its elevated portion down the middle : depressed portion :: 15: 8; fifth tergite dullish reticulate, its punctures coarser, more sharply defined and closer together than on the other tergites; pygidium nearly planate, with a slightly elevated, _ triangular embossed area, the end of which is flush with the elevated end of the pygidium; tergum with inconspicuous hairs that are ochreous on the first and second tergites and brownish on the third and fourth tergites except for a fringe of pale hairs at base and apex of the usually exposed parts of the third and fourth tergites; anal fimbria pale brownish golden; end of tergite with a dense brush of darker brownish hairs on each side. In a paratopotype caught June 14 by C. W. Johnson the enclosure is defined on one side by a delicate raised line. Andrena (Andrena) vulgaris, new species. Type. — Boston Society of Natural History. Type locality. — Halfway House, Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, June 13, 1917 (C. W. Johnson). Related to A. (A.) wheelert Graenicher. Male. — Length 7 mm.; body black, mostly covered with whitish hair; head with its facial line : transfacial line : : 42 : 54; axial line : temporal line :: 23 : 13; temples rounded, almost trapezoidal in outline; malar line : joint 3 of antennae :: 1:6; elevated portion of malar space down its middle shorter than the depressed portion, virtually wanting; head covered with white hairs throughout; front indistinctly punctured, dullish, reticulated and with fine, longitudinal carinae; ocellocular line : ocelloccipital line :: 12 : 4; face shin- ing, distinctly punctured, its punctures from one to three puncture-widths apart; clypeus convex, elevated above the apical margin, more distinctly and closely punctured than the face; clypearea wanting, barely represented by sparser puncturation down the middle; sculpture of the clypeus not hidden by the moustache; labrarea with a broad, rounded, shallow emargination, polished, its width at base : greatest length :: 8 : 2; width at apex : length down the middle :: 6 : 1.5;.labrarea at base : distance between lower corners of clypeus :: 8 : 14; labrum with a fringe of whitish hairs; joint 3 of antennae :4 ::6 : 5; joint 4 and following joints from as long as thick to one and one- half times as long as thick, dullish; flagel almost straight in outline; antennae blackish throughout; mandibles atypical, robust, extending barely beyond 41 the outer edge of the labrarea and nearly to end of the middle of its fellow, black except for the apical fourth which is dull dark reddish; palpi nearly typical ; thorax covered with an abundance of pale-ochreous or what could be called whitish hairs, hairs of dorsulum seemingly shorter than hair of mesopleurae; dorsulum dullish, finely reticulated and sparsely punctured, the punctures indistinct and from two to five or more puncture-widths apart, mostly the latter; notauli represented by a shining line; mesopleurae dullish with pale-ochreous, virtually whitish hairs throughout, finely reticulated and mostly covered with ill-defined shallow pits, that are mostly two or more pit-widths apart; scutel hairy and sculptured much like the dorsulum except that the sculpture is not so dense and the hairs are apparently as long as on the mesopleurae; metanotum hairy and sculptured like the dorsulum except that the sculpture is denser; tegulae dark brownish, polished; wing-base partly dark brownish, subcosta blackish, stigma and remaining veins yellowish stramineous, membrane yellowish; legs blackish excepting most of the small joints of the tarsi which are brownish stramineous, legs covered with pale- ochreous, almost whitish hairs; hind metatarsi at most hardly wider than mid- metatarsi and nearly half as wide as hind tibiae at apex of the latter; propodeum with its enclosure defined by a fine raised line, with irregular rugae on basal half, finely reticulated on apical half, rounded off at apex, rest of upper face sculptured somewhat like the mesopleurae but with smaller pits and covered with pale-ochreous hair; propodeal pleurae finely reticulated, their pits far apart; floccus pale ochreous; abdomen with its tergum shining, finely reticulated and indistinctly punctured, the punctures indistinct and mostly many puncture-widths apart; first tergite with erect pale-ochreous, virtually whitish hairs; second and third tergites with inconspicuous, sparse, appressed, ochreous hairs, second tergite with its elevated portion down the middle : depressed portion :: 13 : 6; apical margin of second tergite on left side near the middle abnormally slightly emarginate; third and fourth tergites sculp- tured and hairy much like the second tergite; fifth tergite sculptured and hairy much like the preceding tergite; tergites with an apical, pale, stramine- - ous edge; seventh and eighth sternites as in the figures of these parts; tergum without well-defined hair-bands; hair at apex of abdomen of a golden hue; cardo shiny, finely reticulated, apically depressed; stipes at base near the middle of the cardo beveled; stipes polished, partly dark brownish, apical half of stipes and all of exposed portion of lingam nearly concolorous and pale stramineous. Andrena (Andrena) media, new species. Type. — Boston Society of Natural History. Type locality. — Glen House, Green Grant, New Hampshire, June 14, 1916 (C. W. Johnson). Has characters in common with A. (A.) hemileuca Viereck and is closely related to A. (A.) durangoensis V. & C. as is evident through a comparison of the heads, hypopygia, lingams and seventh and eighth sternites. Male. — Length 8.5 mm.; body black, mostly covered with ochreous hair; head with its facial line : transfacial line : : 50 : 61; axial line : temporal line :: 20 : 29; temples produced, as in the accompanying figure; malar line : joint 3 of antennae : : 3 : 7; elevated portion of malar space down its middle shorter than the depressed portion; head covered with ochreous hairs through- out, and on front indistinctly punctured, dullish, finely reticulated and with fine longitudinal carinae; front along eye-margin nearly sculptureless; ocel- locular line : ocelloccipital line :: 15 : 5; face shining, distinctly punctured, its punctures from adjoining to three puncture-widths apart and in part, nearly hidden by the hairs; clypeus nearly convex except for being flattened down the middle, not elevated above the middle of the apical margin; clypearea virtually wanting, represented by sparser puncturation down the middle of the clypeus, sculpture of the clypeus not hidden by the moustache; labrarea with a broad rounded emargination, polished, its width at base : greatest 42 length :: 9 : 2; width at apex : length down the middle : : 6 : 1.5; labrarea at base : distance between lower corners of clypeus :: 9 : 15; labrum with a fringe of pale-golden hairs; joint 3 of antennae : 4 :: 7 : 7; joint 4 and following joints from twice as long as thick to, in the penultimate joint, nearly twice as long as thick; end joint a little more than twice as long as thick; © flagel dullish, almost straight in outline; antennae blackish throughout; mandible nearly typical, rather slender, extending beyond the outer edge of the labrum, and nearly to end of the basal third of its fellow, black except for the apical fourth which is dull, dark reddish; palpi nearly typical; thorax covered with an abundance of darker ochreous hairs than head; hairs of dorsulum shorter than hair of mesopleurae; dorsulum dullish, finely reticulated and sparsely punctured, the punctures indistinct and from two to five or more puncture-widths apart, mostly the latter; notauli represented by a shining line; mesopleurae dullish with pale-ochreous hairs throughout, finely reticulated and mostly covered with shallow pits, that are mostly three or more pit-widths apart; scutel with longer hair and sparser sculpture than the dorsulum; metanotum hairy like the scutel, more densely sculptured than the dorsulum; tegulae dark brown, polished; wing-base mostly pale stramin- eous, subcosta blackish, stigma and other veins pale stramineous, membrane uniformly tinged with brown; legs blackish excepting the tarsi which are rather dark brown, legs covered with ochreous hairs; hind metatarsi at most hardly wider than mid-metatarsi and nearly half as wide as hind tibiae at_ apex of the latter; propodeum with its enclosure poorly defined, with irregular weak rugae at basal edge, finely reticulated elsewhere, rounded off at apex, rest of upper face sculptured somewhat lke the mesopleurae but dullish and with closer pits and covered with ochreous hair; propodeal pleurae sculptured apparently like the remainder of the propodeum outside of the - enclosure; abdomen with its tergum shining, almost polished, finely reticu- lated and indistinctly punctured, the punctures mostly four or more puncture- widths apart; first tergite with erect pale-ochreous hairs, second and following tergites with appressed sparsely distributed ochreous hairs; second tergite with its elevated portion down the middle : depressed portion :: 17 : 6; fifth tergite with its basal blackish portion covered with poorly defined punctures that are as many as four or more puncture-widcths apart, rest of fifth tergite and exposed portion of sixth and seventh tergites with a stramine- ous margin; seventh and eighth sternites as in the figures of these parts; tergum with rather inconspicuous hairs that are not supplemented by con- spicuous hair-bands; hair at apex of abdomen of a golden hue; cardo finely sculptured; rest of hypopygium mostly polished; apical half of stipes mostly pale stramineous. In a male paratype from Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, Tuckerman’s Ravine, July 8, 1914 (C. W. Johnson), the cheeks are simpler so that the production found in the type is barely outlined; otherwise this paratype seems to agree throughout with the type. Andrena (Scrapteropsis) fenningeri, new species. Andrena imitatrix fenningeri Pierce, nomen nudum, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, p. 492, 1918. Type locality.— Mount Vernon, Virginia, April 16, 1916, Salix sericea (A. Wetmore). Related to A. (S.) imitatriz Cresson. Female: — Length 10 mm.; body black, mostly covered with pale-ochreous almost white hairs; head with its facial line : transfacial line : : 55 : 73; axial line : temporal line : : 29 : 17; malar line : joint 3 of antennae :: 1 : 7; ocel- loccipital line : greatest diameter of lateral ocellus :: 3 : 5; elevated portion of malar space nearly as long as depressed portion; head covered with whitish hairs; front rather distinctly longitudinally striate, not elevated into a welt 43 along the fovea; fovea at most : ocellocular line : : 12 : 13; foveal band wanting; distance between fovea and ocelli : ocellocular line : : 3 : 13; fovea attenuated below its middle where it is apparently only one-half or a little more than half as wide as the greatest width of the fovea, the latter continued to a point apparently on the clypeal line; fovea filled with pale-ochreous hairs; hairs of vertex and temples concolorous with those of the face, face mostly polished, partly indistinctly reticulate, with distinct punctures that are mostly adjoining or nearly so and at most three puncture-widths apart; clypeus slightly elevated above the apical margin, convex, sculptured like the face except that the punctures are larger; clypearea present and well defined though narrow; clypeus thinly hairy, its sculpture not at all hidden by hairs; labrarea truncate, its width at base : length down the middle : : 9 : 4; width at apex : length down the middle :: 4 : 4; labrum with a fringe of golden hairs, labrum without a median longitudinal crista between the labrarea and apical edge of labrum; joint 3 of antennae :4+5::7 : 8; joints 4 and 5 thicker than long, the succeeding joints as thick as long or little longer than thick except joint 12 which is distinctly longer than thick; antennae blackish throughout; mandibles atypical, robust, extending to the outer edge of the labrarea, black except for the apical fourth and inner edge which are at least partly clear dark reddish; palpi nearly typical; thorax covered with an abund- ance of pale-ochreous almost white hairs which are shorter on the dorsulum than on the mesopleurae; dorsulum dullish, finely reticulated and more distinctly punctured than the face; notauli represented by an impressed shining line; mesopleurae with whitish hairs, appearing rugulose, its punctures adjoining; scutel hairy, polished but punctured much like the dorsulum; metanotum with whitish hairs sculptured differently from the rest of the thorax, densely punctured; tegulae brownish stramineous, polished; wing- base partly dark brown; subcosta blackish brown, stigma dark brownish stramineous, rest of veins not as dark as the stigma, membrane with a uniform brownish tinge; legs blackish except for the small joints of the tarsi and hind metatarsi which are more or less dark brown, legs covered with brownish and | whitish hairs; scopa typical, its hairs almost white, except at base above where they are dark brownish; hind metatarsi at most apparently as wide as the mid-metatarsi; propodeum with its enclosure well defined, shiny, finely reticulated and coarsely irregularly ridged; rest of upper face of pro- podeum sculptured somewhat like the mesopleurae and covered with similar whitish hair; propodeal pleurae partly dullish, partly shiny, finely reticulated and with rather indistinct scattered shallow punctures; floccus whitish; abdomen not banded, with its tergum shining, finely reticulated, punctured, its punctures smaller and closer on the elevated portion than on the depressed portion, the punctures adjoining or nearly adjoiming on the first tergite, hardly closer on the elevated portion of the succeeding tergite; third and fourth tergites with the elevated portion less closely punctured, apical edge of first, second, third and fourth tergites with a brownish border; second tergite with its elevated portion down the middle : depressed portion :: 15 : 11; fifth tergite shining, sculptured much like the propodeal pleurae except that the punctures are more obvious and closer; pygidium with an embossed, reticulated, triangular area bounded by a smooth depressed margin, truncate ce Epes: tergum with inconspicuous, pale, nearly erect hairs; fimbria dull golden. Allotopotype. — April 22, 1917, plum flowers (W. L. McAtee). Related to A. (S.) alleghaniensis Viereck. Male. — Length 8 mm.; body black, mostly covered with whitish hair; head with its facial line : transfacial line : : 48 : 61; axial line : temporal line :: 26 : 16; temples simple, rounded; malar line : joint 3 of antennae :: 1:5; elevated portion of malar space wanting; hairs of head concolorous; front indistinctly punctured, shiny and finely longitudinally striate; ocellocu- lar line : ocelloccipital line : : 13 : 4; face shining, distinctly punctured, its 44 punctures adjoining or nearly so; clypeus convex, more shining and more distinctly punctured than the face, slightly elevated directly above the apical margin; clypearea wanting; sculpture of the clypeus not hidden by the moustache; labrarea with a broad rounded emargination, polished, its width at base : greatest length :: 9 : 4; width at apex : length down the middle :: 5 : 3; labrum with a fringe of pale-ochreous almost white hairs; — joint 3 of antennae : 4 : : 5 : 6; joint 5 and succeeding joints from a little longer than thick to as long as thick except for the apical joint which is nearly twice as long as thick, dullish; flagel almost moniliform in outline; antennae black- ish throughout; mandible atypical, rather robust, extending beyond the outer edge of the labrum and nearly to end of the basal third of its fellow, black except for the apical fourth which is dull reddish; palpi nearly typical; thorax covered with an abundance of whitish hairs; hairs of dorsulum shorter than hairs of mesopleurae; dorsulum dullish, finely reticulated and sparsely punctured, the punctures shallow and from two to five or more puncture- widths apart; notauli represented by an impressed shining line; mesopleurae dullish with whitish hairs throughout, finely reticulated and covered with shallow pits that are close together and poorly defined; scutel hairy and sculptured like the dorsulum; metanotum hairy and sculptured like the dorsulum except that the sculpture is not so dense, anterior edge nearly pol- ished; tegulae brownish stramineous; subcosta brewnish, concolorous with the stigma, membrane uniformly tinged with brown; legs blackish except the small joints of the tarsi and hind. metatarsi which are rather dark brown; legs covered with whitish hairs; hind metatarsi wider than mid-metatarsi and a little more than half as wide as hind tibiae at apex of the latter; pro- podeum with its enclosure well defined, with irregular ridges, finely reticu- lated, rounded off at apex, rest of upper face densely sculptured and with - poorly developed rugae and covered with whitish hair; propodeal pleurae seulptured apparently as in the female, uniformly covered with whitish hairs; abdomen not fasciate, with its tergum shining, almost polished, finely reticu- lated and distinctly punctured, the punctures mostly three or four puncture- widths apart; first tergite with some erect whitish hairs, second and third tergites with nearly appressed whitish hairs; second tergite with its elevated portion down the middle : depressed portion : : 14 : 9; third and fourth ter- gites hairy like the second and third tergites; fifth tergite with its basal black- ish portion covered with poorly defined punctures that are as many as four puncture-widths apart; rest of fifth tergite and exposed portion of sixth and seventh tergites with a brownish-stramineous margin; seventh and eighth sternites as in the figures of these parts; rest of tergum with longer hairs than the preceding; hair at apex of abdomen of a pale golden hue; sixth sternite reflexed at apex, seventh and eighth sternites as in the figures of these parts herewith and nearly as in claytoniae; genitalia tangibly different from the latter; cardo faintly sculptured, nearly polished, apically depressed much as in A. vulgaris Viereck; stipes basally beveled much as in the preceding species; cardo pale stramineous; lingam virtually concolorous with cardo; ee of a paler stramineous than cardo; rest of hypopygium mostly dark rownish. The following records are from the paratypes. Females. — Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 9, 1875 (W. M. Davis); May 2, 1897 (H. L. Viereck) [A. N.S. P.]. Falls Church, Virginia, April. Great Falls, Virginia, March 20. Ithaca, New York (N. Banks) [M. C. Z.]. Central Park, Long Island, New York, June 27, 1920, Cornus candidissima, [Jos. Bequaert Collec- tion]. Colebrook, Connecticut, June 8 to 11, 1911, W. M. Wheeler. Mount Vernon, Virginia, April 16, 1916, Prunus avium (A. Wetmore), Stellaria media (W. L. McAtee); April 22, 1917, plum, cherry, Salzx sericea; April 19, 1917, plum (W. L. McAtee). Great 45 Falls, Virginia, April 20, 1916, Amelanchier, Salix sericea (W. L. McAtee); May 23, 1918, Opulaster opulifolius (W. L. McAtee). Falls Church, Virginia, March 31, 1918, Prunus (L. O. Jackson). Dyke, Fairfax Co., Virginia, April 11, 1915 (A. Wetmore). Hast Falls Church, Virginia, April 22, 1917, cherry (I. N. Gabrielson). Vienna, Virginia, April 18, 1915, Amygdalis persica (W. L. McAtee). Washington, D. C., June 6, 1912 (W. L. McAtee). Maryland near Plummer Island, April 20, 1919, plum (W. L. McAtee). Males. — Mount. Vernon, Virginia, April 16, 1916, Salix sericea (A. Wetmore and W. L. McAtee); March 31, 1917, Salix sericea (W. L. McAtee). Arlington, Virginia, March 31, 1917 (J. Silver). Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Eiger: Fig. 6. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 4. Hypopygium, Andrena vul- garis, type. Hypopygium, Dorsum of thorax black, with dense gray pruinescence............. ia . Each orbit with two bristles, the upper one absent; dorsum of thorax not vittate, the sides narrowly svat eye at ee ste RS ren duplicata, sp. n. Each orbit with three bristles, the upper one weak................. 12. MeM ORE ATSLy LACK 54 hyde: MEUM et coke eie eter Ie pecan, pictipes Zetterstedt. 13. Hore bars sy ello S28 A tec ae Oe Aa ek ee ee Ee . Thoracic dorsum not vittate...................-.. melanostoma Loew. Thoracic dorsum with two black vittae posteriorly... .ruficollis Meigen. Infuscation of wing extending from apex of first vein ‘to apex of wing.. geomyzina Fallen. Cee eT Infuscation of wing confined to apical half or less. . .apicalis Zetterstedt. - Thorax with two pairs of strong postsutural dorso-centrals, no presutural dorso-central present; upper orbital bristle present, of moderate length; palpi of female yellow; infuscation of wing extending from apex of first vein to apex of wing; fore tarsi fuscous......... orbitalis, sp. n. Thorax with three pairs of strong dorso-centrals, the anterior pair in front of suture; upper orbital bristle absent; infuscation of wing in the form of two large clouds, one over the cross-veins and the other on apical half; basal segment of fore tarsi in female deep black; in male the basal or basal and second segments infuscated, remainder 5 MdUU RUC EEC RS eee IC RT ST aR re ent OIE pes tna Sr A ea 3: 16. Palpi yellow; third segment almost entirely yellow................. aly Palpi and third antennal segment largely or entirely black........ 18. Thoracic dorsum black; basal segment of fore tarsi black, second segment faintly browned at base in male; fore femur yellow; hypopygial claspers long, drawn out into a long narrow strap-like tip...... apiculata, sp. n. Thoracic dorsum yellowish brown, with two or four darker. vittae, the lateral margins white; male with basal and second segments of fore tarsi fuscous; fore femur with a dark-brown mark at apex on anterior side; hypopygial claspers short, rounded apically... .johnsoni, sp. n. A large mark on anterior side of fore femur near apex; the fore tibia, and basal two segments of fore tarsus black......... nigripalpis, sp. n.d. Fore tibia fuscous, basal segment of fore tarsus black. nzgripalpis, sp. n. oe Clusiodes americana, sp. n. Male and female.— Very similar to albimana, differing as stated in the key, and in having the first posterior cell on wing more narrowed apically, as well as in being slightly smaller. Length, 4 mm. Type, male, and allotype, Beltsville, Maryland, May 21, 1922 (oR: Malloch). Paratypes, females, "Mt. Cadillac, Mt. Desert, Maine, July 25, 1919; Mt. Ascutney, Vermont, July ig 1908 (C. W. Johnson) ; and Intervale, New Hampshire, August 23 (G. M. Allen). pecay 43 49 CLUSIARIA, subgen. n. Characters as stated in key, Genotype, the following species. Clusiodes (Clusiaria) duplicata, sp. n. Similar to melanostoma (Loew) to which it will run in my revision of the family already referred to, differing as stated in the key in this paper. The male has the face and cheeks more extensively blackened than in melanostoma, the arista brown, third antennal segment slightly browned at insertion of arista, and the frontal bristles black instead of brown as in that species. The females may be distinguished by the orbital bristling, and the color of arista and third antennal segment as in males. Length, 4 to 4.5 mm. Type, male, allotype, and two male and two female paratypes, Glen Echo, Maryland, July 2, 23, and August 8, 1922 (J. R. - Malloch). Taken on a rotten tree trunk overhanging a stream. Paratypes in collection of Boston Society of Natural History. CoLUMBIELLA, subgen. n. Characters as stated in key. Genotype, the following species. Clusiodes (Columbiella) apiculata, sp. n. Male. — Very similar to albtmana in color and habitus. Dorsum of thorax, upper half of pleura, and abdomen brownish black. Third antennal segment with a very small brownish mark at insertion of arista. Other characters as stated in key. Length, 3 mm. Type, Milford, New Hampshire, June 23, 1914. Paratype male, Manchester, Vermont, June 4, 1910 (C. W. Johnson). Clusiodes (Columbiella) johnsoni, sp. n. Male.— Very similar to the foregoing species; differs as stated in key. The cloud over discal cell is less distinct. The hypopygial claspers are very small, and like those of the preceding, furnished with short black hairs. Length, 3 mm. Type, Echo Lake, Mt. Desert, Maine, July 12, 1918. Paratype, Burlington, Vermont, June 23, 1906 (C. W. Johnson). Clusiodes (Columbiella) nigripalpis, sp. n. Male.— A larger and darker species than the last but the thoracic dorsum is similarly colored. Third antennal segment 50 black, yellow basally, head fuscous, whitish on orbits and margins of eyes below and behind. Fuscous markings of wings not so clearly limited as in johnsont. Bases of hind tibiae brown.. Hypopygial claspers as in johnsont. Length, 4 mm. Type, Glen Echo, Maryland, August 22, 1922 (J. R. Malloch). Four females before me differ from the above male as stated in the key and also in having the dorsum of thorax including the lateral margins black, third antennal segment less broadly black- ened, face paler, and wings more conspicuously blackened; hind tibiae largely brown. It is possible that this is not nigripalpis, but there is sexual dimorphism in many species of the family so that it may be the female of this species or of apzculata. Localities, Bar Harbor, Maine, June 17, 1922; Mt. Desert, Maine, June 10, 1921; Bashbish Falls, Massachusetts, June 27, 1912; Milford, New Hampshire, June 23 (C. W. Johnson). Clusiodes (Columbiella) orbitalis, sp. n. Female. — Head yellow, frons darker, occiput blackish above, antennae and palpi yellow, arista brown. Thorax brownish yellow, anterior margin of disc, two submedian vittae, disc of scutellum, and a line along upper margin of pleura blackish, lateral margins of mesonotum whitish. Abdomen black. Legs yellow, apices of fore and hind tibiae and entire fore tarsi infuscated. Wings as stated in key. The fore femora have the ventral setulae longer and the series — is more extensive than in the female above described. Length, 4 mm. Type, Bar Harbor, Maine, June 13, 1921 (C. W. Johnson). Heteromeringia convergens, sp. n. Male and female. — Entirely yellow, the face whitish, and the apices of wings very slightly clouded. Bristles yellow. Differs from flaviseta Johnson and its allies in having the frons very much narrowed above, the others having it either parallel- sided or but slightly narrowed. The male hypopygial claspers are slightly tapered apically and a little longer than wide. Length, 3.5 to 4 mm. Type, male, Urbana, Illinois, July 13, 1916 (J. R. Malloch). Allotype, Lafayette, Indiana, July 27 (J. M. Aldrich). Paratypes, one male, Chain Bridge, Virginia, August 20, 1922 (J. R. Malloch); one female, Atherton, Missouri, July 2, 1922 (C. F. Adams); and a large series in the collection of Illinois Natural History Survey, standing as flaviseta, which I used as the basis of my work already referred to but erroneously described the immature stages as those of flaviseta. Missouri specimen in collection of Boston Society of Natural History. Vot. 5, p. 51-58, pl. 5. June 8, 1923. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. A REVIEW OF THE PLATYPEZIDAE OF EASTERN NORTH _. AMERICA. BY CHARLES W. JOHNSON. Tuis family comprises an interesting group of little flies, the larvae of which, as far as known, live in various species of decaying fungi. Most of the species are by no means common and it has taken several years to get sufficient material of the genus Platy- peza to warrant an attempt at a revision. The species of Aga- thomyia and Callimyia were reviewed by the writer in 1916 (Psyche, vol. 23, p. 27-33). The table of the species of Aga- thomyia has been revised so as to include the three new species here described. In the genus Callimyia no additions of importance have been obtained and the table is therefore not reprinted in this paper. The two sexes of a species in the genus Platypeza often differ so greatly, both in color and in the form of the hind tarsi, that it is difficult at first to correlate them specifically. The third tarsal joint which is elongated and flattened below in the female, is not thus differentiated in the male and when a study of the tarsi is confined to one sex, the differences are so slight that they are of little value even for separating species. Thus we find that the female of P. pallipes isin every way, a typical Platypeza. Color is also a feature that has lead to some confusion, and which I shall again refer to under the several species here discussed. The most valuable character to depend on is the venation, and when studied carefully and with some discretion, the species can be separated and the sexes correlated. The relative length of the costal and first basal cells, the position of the posterior cross-vein and the form of the anal cell are subject to but little variation specifically. The following notes on the species of Platypeza are based on a study of over 250 specimens, ace! of which were bred from fungi. Table of the Species of Platypeza. Mates. 1. Hind tarsi greatly enlarged, first and third joints with clubbed appendages PT aie ee Gene ee ave tals (Calotarsa ornatipes auct.) pallipes Loew. Hind tarsi somewhat enlarged, without appendages................... 2. 51 52 2. Abdomen black, the last segment usually grayish...................... Se Abdomeniblack. smarked -wablay oaaiyear mele ar eel me eens eee 6. 3. Posterior cross-vein less than its length from the hind margin............ 4, Posterior cross-vein more than its length from the hind margin.......... 5. . 4. Costal and first basal cells subequal...................... anthrax Loew. Costal cell much longer than the first basal cell............ velutina Loew. 5. Third section of the fourth vein much longer than the fourth, antennae usually yellowish eee ie eee tae Mn oe Rtas flavicornis Loew. Third and fourth sections of the fourth vein subequal, antennae usually Garbo vo rower a les eT MSN he sion ter ate mae a minorata Banks. G:¢Abdominal bands continuous, ovaries 6 hee ie coe ee eee (lke Abdominal bands interrupted, costal and first basal cells equal, halteres |) 2X) te aad NE AT Posts a aacatahr ae aed a IN cc tet MM a bankst, sp. n. 7. Costal and first basal cells subequal, haltergs yellow..... _. .taeniata Snow. Costal cell longer than the first basal cell, halteres black .infumata Haliday. FEMALES. 1. Posterior cross-vein less than its length from the hind margin, costal cell much longer than the first basal cell..................... 000000000: 2. Posterior cross-vein less than its length from the hind margin, costal and frst (basal eellsubequal® ps0. oa). elise Joly te a cele ee 3. Posterior cross-vein more than its length from the hind margin, costal and first; basakicell subequal yay aie tee ine ie alee tet oie 4. Posterior cross-vein about its length from the hind margin, costal cell much longer than the first basal cell, abdomen with broad continuous gray bands, antennae and legs yellow BE Aer EAM thats Ce CAR Paina pallipes Loew. 2. Abdomen opaque black, legs and halteres black.......... velutina Loew. Abdomen with gray spots on the sides of the segments...... obscura Loew. Abdomen with the gray bands wanting on the second segment and on the third broadly interrupted, thorax with a tridentate black mark, halteres [oN Ec] eis Bi ev Pa ee EE Aa mes ue Us Ca ae infumata Haliday. 3. Abdominal bands not interrupted, legs black............... anthrax Loew. Abdominal bands not interrupted, legs brown............ taentata Snow. - Abdominal bands on the second, third and fourth segments broadly inter- UTS Ay A NMS eae ACTED Tee ESET, fen Die: bark bop chara ime bankst, sp. 0. 4. Third section of the fourth vein much longer than the fourth, antennae sve chum slaws a Hae eshsiitim cium sg deals dihcaisigee Ree care ete ane oe chika flavicornis Loew. Third and fourth sections of the fourth vein subequal, antennae brownish gt eSB ren ea gtaelA stare Seg IIIS SAME tes, EI eC UENe a deaatS a minorata Banks. PLATYPEZA TAENIATA Snow. P. taeniata Banks, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 214, pl. 17, f. 8 female only), 1915. This species is based on a female collected in Illinois. Snow says that it must be near P. boletina Fallen of Europe, whose black abdominal bands are widened in their middle. In the male the bands are not widened or but very slightly in a few specimens. In the female, however, this character is extremely variable and in a number of specimens the bands are considerably wider in the middle as figured by Banks. It resembles the female of P. anthrax Loew but is distinguished by its yellowish legs and margin of the humeri. I am inclined to think that it may prove to be the same as P. boletina Fallen. The male figured by Banks represents a new species which I am calling P. banksz. 53 In the series before me are twelve males and over thirty females, six males and eleven females of which were taken at the same time—Newton and Brookline (near Hammond’s Pond), Massa- chusetts, September 18, and Center Harbor, New Hampshire, September 10. Specimens have also been collected at Bridg- ton, Maine, August 25; Liberty, Maine, September 16 (J. A. Cushman); Killington Peak, Vermont, August 26 (C. W. J.); New Bedford, Massachusetts (Dr. Hough); West Gloucester, Massa- chusetts, October 12, from a fungus Armillaria mellea (J. H. Emerton); Chester, Massachusetts, August 6 (C. W. J.); Cole- brook, Connecticut, September 10 (W. M. Wheeler). Platypeza banski, sp. nov. Plate 5, figs. 5, 9, 10. o'.—F ace and antennae black. Thorax brownish black with a wide obscure dorsal stripe, with a narrow median black line; pleura and scutellum brownish black. Abdomen black with wide light-grayish bands on the third, fourth and fifth segments, the band on the third interrupted by about one-third of its length, on the fourth by one-fifth and on the fifth by a narrow dorsal line; the sixth segment entirely grayish. Legs black, bases of the front and middle tibiae and tarsi yellowish; hind tarsi moderately flattened. Halteres black. Wings hyaline, costal and first basal cell of about equal length; the posterior cross-vein less than its length from the hind margin at the end of the fifth vein. Length 3 mm. ? —Face light gray, front brown, antennae black, the row of black hairs on the occiput prominent. Thorax brownish with a slightly darker dorsal stripe and conspicuous row of dorso-central hairs; humeri, sides, pleura and scutellum ~ grayish. Abdomen black with bands of grayish white, the first segment with a wide posterior margin, the second with a basal band narrowly interrupted; the third widely interrupted, the fourth narrowly interrupted and the fifth and sixth contmuous. Legs brown, the femora blackish. Halteres yellow. Length 2.5 mm. ; Holotype, Falls Church, Virginia, November 15; and a para- type, Great Falls, Virginia, October 26 (N. Banks), Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Allotype and paratypes, Forest Hills, Boston, October 5 (H. M. Parshley) ; Brookline (Chestnut Hill), August 31, and Auburndale, Massa- chusetts, September 13; Killington Peak, Vermont, August 28 (C. W. Johnson) in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History and the author’s collection. The males taken near Boston are smaller (2.5 mm.) and the abdominal bands slightly narrower. PLATYPEZA ANTHRAX Loew. Plate 5, fig. 4. P. elongata Banks, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 28, p. 215, 1915. Loew’s description which is based on a male is somewhat mis- leading, as the very narrow, reddish posterior margins on the second and third abdominal segments are often obsolete or want- ing. The female agrees well with the description of P. fasciata Fabr. of Europe and the male and female as described and figured 54 by Verrall (British Flies, vol. 8, p. 49, 1901 only strengthen the supposition that this may prove to be the same species. In the absence of European material, however, I will still retain the . name applied to the American form. Some forty males and thirty-five females are before me and of these twenty-two males and twenty-four females were taken at the same time and place—Newton and Brookline (woods near Hammond’s Pond), September 18, and Auburndale, Massachu- setts, September 4, 22; Center Harbor, New Hampshire, Sep- tember 11; and Mt. Desert, Maine, September 7 (C. W. Johnson) ; on a schooner five miles off the Isles of Shoals, September 5, and Bolton Mt., Vermont, August 30-September 10 (Owen Bryant) ; Orono, Maine, August 12, bred from fungus (Dr. O. A. Johann- sen). One male from Mt. Desert has the halteres yellow as in the female. The species has been recorded from New York, Pennsyl- vania and Virginia. PLATYPEZA INFUMATA Haliday. Plate 5, fig. 11. P. infumata Haliday, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, vol. 2, p. 184, 1838. I have before me some sixteen specimens that agree with the original description and the description and figures given by Verrall. The female is readily recognized by the disk of the tho- rax being black with a tridentate margin behind. The lateral spot on the third abdominal segment varies in size, in some speci- mens reaching the posterior margin, but the majority are typical. The males that undoubtedly belong to this species have an indis- - tinct band at the base of the third abdominal segment in addition to those on the fourth and fifth segments; the base of the sixth is also brown, with a grayish-white tip, bearing -a row of yellow bristle-like hairs. | It has a wide distribution, being represented from the following localities:—Mt. Washington carriage road, at about 2,500 feet, July 24 and 28, and ‘‘Glen”’ (Osgood Trail), New Hampshire, July 15, 1915; Hampton, New Hampshire, May 15 (S. A. Shaw); Waltham, Norwood (Ellis Station), May 24, and Chester, Massa- chusetts, August 6, 1914; Buttonwoods, Rhode Island, June 18; - Pottstown, Pennsylvania, June 15 (C. W. Johnson) ; East Aurora, Colden, and Gowanda, New York, May 18-—June 7; Berkeley, California, May 16 (M. C. Van Duzee). PLATYPEZA OBSCURA Loew. The ‘type, a female from Pennsylvania, is the only specimen I have seen of this species, although it has been recorded from Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, by Mrs. A. T. Slosson. It has the venation of P. velutina, but the abdomen is marked with small whitish triangles at the anterior angle of each segment; legs and halteres yellowish. 55 PLATYPEZA FLAVICORNIS Loew. P. submacula Banks, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 214, 1915. P. mediana Banks, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 28, p. 215, 1915. The typical form is readily separated from the following species . by the third section of the fourth vein being noticeably longer than the fourth section,—almost two-thirds in some specimens. However, this difference is often much less and to define the limits of “‘subequal’”’ becomes quite difficult, especially in the females, but with discretion it can be used to separate the two forms. In the females the gray lateral spots on the abdominal segments are usually much smaller than in P. minorata Banks. I have been unable to use the hind tarsi in defining the species and the an- tennae vary from yellow to dark brown in both. In the large series before me of those species in which the males are an opaque velvety black, there is apt to be more or less dis- coloration of the abdomen, either owing to the specimens coming in contact with moisture in the cyanide bottle or by being in- - jured during capture, and the fluids of the abdomen spreading over it, gives it a somewhat grayish-black color, and in some cases shining black. Again, we have the grayish spots thus formed apparently disappearing in time and the specimen again assuming a uniform velvety black. This is what has undoubtedly occurred in the case of P. submaculata Banks. In the type the three spots described and figured have almost disappeared, there being only the faintest trace of one, and that has not the original shape or — exact position. In P. mediana Banks the abdomen is grayish somewhat shining and the irregularity of the velvety-black spots would also indicate that they were accidental. I have a similar specimen with the venation of P. minorata. A specimen of P. velutina also has as highly polished an abdomen as that of the type of P. nitida Banks. It has undoubtedly been caused by the abdomen being injured. This species has been bred from mushrooms (Agaricus cam- pestris) by Professor Roland Thaxter at Belmont, Massachusetts. It has also been collected at Franconia, New Hampshire (Mrs. A. T. Slosson); Brookline, Auburndale, and Chester, Massa- chusetts, August 13-September 24; Riverton, New Jersey, and Delaware Co., Pennsylvania, August 28 and 29 (C. W. Johnson) ; Colden, Elma, East Aurora and Niagara Falls, New York, August 9-September 20 (M. C. Van Duzee); Falls Church, Virginia, August 24-September 24 (N. Banks); Ridgeway, Ontario, August 12 (M. C. Van Duzee). PLATYPEZA MINORATA Banks. Plate 5, fig. 1. P. minorata Banks, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 214, 1915. P. nitida Banks, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 215, 1915. The type of this species is from Falls Church, Virginia. It is closely related to P. flavicornis and can only be separated by the 56 characters given in the table. As stated under P. flavicornis I can only consider the polished abdomen of P. nit¢da as accidental. The type of P. nitida has the base of the abdomen opaque. This species has been bred by the writer from mushrooms (Agaricus campestris), Newton, Massachusetts, September 17-26, and by Mr. C. A. Frost, Framingham, Massachusetts, October 2. Platypezoides, gen. nov. This genus has in part the characteristics of Callimyia: short third antennal joint and the same-shaped hind metatarsi. The wing venation, however, is nearer that of Platypeza. The fourth vein branches near the posterior cross-vein, all the veins reaching the posterior margin; the second and third posterior cells are about equal. The eyes are divided by a transverse groove on a line with the base of the antennae. Type, the following species. Platypezoides diversa, sp. nov. Plate 5, fig. 6-8. o', 9.—Face and antennae black, proboscis dark brown, the cheeks and occiput with numerous prominent hairs, the facets of the lower portion of the eyes minute. Thorax and scutellum black, the latter with four marginal bris- tles. Abdomen black, venter brownish. Legs brown, the hind femora and tibiae somewhat enlarged and the hind metatarsi much enlarged, about twice as wide as long and as long as all the other joints of the tarsi together. In the female, the hind femora, tibiae and metatarsi are not enlarged. MHalteres black, calypters with whitish hairs. Wings brownish, with a darker oblong clouding at the end of the first vein; the costal cell is about one-third longer than the first basal cell; anal cell acute and as long as the first basal cell. Length 3.5 mm. Holotype, Mt. Washington, New Hampshire (Mrs. A. T. Slos- son); allotype and three paratypes, Center Harbor, New Hamp- shire, September 11, 1914 (one 2.5 mm. long) and Bar Harbor (“Witch Hole Pond’’), Maine, September 11, 1922 (C. W. John- son); in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. One paratype, Niagara Falls, New York, September 9, 1910 (M. C. Van Duzee) in the author’s collection. Table of the Species of Agathomyia. ~ MALEs. 1. Thorax and abdomen largely yellow.............. 20.0 ecw e cece en enee 2. Thorax and abdomen Jargeliy flack) o.2 . We oe) Fekete kee ee Se 3. 2. The last two segments of the abdomen and halteres black. . perplexa Johnson. The last two segments of the abdomen, pleura and metanotum black, nallteresimrel lowes ini eas euehe Oaenete an as clea. eser aie, owe ce nee ea eS dubia Johnson. 3. Abdomen broadly banded with yellow...................0.eee eee eee 4, Abdomen not/bandedgwith' yellow... 2.00.20. lise ieee ae ae eee G 4“ Seutellim yellow onc tye oem gestae Paaae ciate an erale io ieee ea Stat ce ane 5. Seurbeliuma LCR 6. ey Se Nae ieee aie eS ei hal ee aera te ee 6. 5. Lhorax opaque iblack @ auanny) ce 0 ie hele eels ee pulchella Johnson. Thorax opaque black, with a large square of yellow in font of the scutellum Peete eis ERT MEY ea OEE Mis) is EAN Ail ere EAD rs tO brookst, sp. nov. Thorax shiny black, subcostal cell yellowish ........ ....monticola, sp. nov. a7 6. Thorax dull black, with three narrow pruinose lines, halteres yellow........ Pe UN ane saan PC eue tL mony eulehint ee a/R AUS MOET Oke cushmani Johnson. Thorax dark brown, with a dorsal line and area of black, halteres brown +» Bo a NE ER REESE a DREN: ERO e RM an aeae ea an a vanduzeer Johnson. Thorax velvety black, halteres black................ canadensis, sp. nov. 7. Thorax and abdomen both maculated with opalescent greenish white, rbene se Ole Kain cuca ibe Me ie ee lA a ai cated) ss 0 ll notata Loew. Thorax only maculated with greenish white, halteres yellow .divergens Loew. Thorax and abdomen without maculation, knobs of the halteres black Pres vaei myst) cet el Sane a Bout PCT aU Aha ca ASS Aue ae SURI talpula Loew. FEMALES, PepRpesam and abdormam vellowr 6 oes + vid. Sich siapscy cov aisldiansl ekatshargigssiw alleges as 2. eos and abdomen varthy blacks. 4 casi ile oe laa ssssus la msleuyy sie ahd Globes 3. Thorax and abdomen partly cimereous............... 0000 e eee ec ees 5. 2. Head black, antennae entirely yellow.................... fulva Johnson. Head, third joint of the antennae and spots on the sides of the last two abdominal SEGMENTS IA CK nak ate cae) msn Vae rane oats erecae perplexa Johnson. 3. Abdomen broadly banded with yellow, cinereous or yellowish in front of the yellow scutellum, the black of the pronotum usually vittate............ sn 0 o-cih titty lle te RS REL BORIS ata ds Ue pee eR pulchella Johnson. Abdomen not banded with yellows sc uke. oe cies ble i etiee Wie 4, 4. Thorax, front and abdomen marked with an opalescent greenish white, Tbe HSN [BN EGP ae nag ot a a IN YOU notata Loew. Thorax only marked with greenish white, halteres yellow. . .divergens Loew. Thorax and abdomen entirely black, knobs of the halteres black.......... 3:3 0 3 ONO Be FRETS OHA CTE AUN RENE IE TAY SATE oe He MEIC NON a OR AT Rte talpula Loew. _5. Abdomen cinereous on a yellow ground, with broad black dorsal triangles on the third and fourth segments, two first joints of the antennae yellow © 60'S ctu or SRE ge URI Un a aa pa TIA MRA SAV Poy PO UR URNS vanduzeet Johnson. - Abdomen cinerous on a black ground, with black band on the third and fourth and a spot on the fifth segment, antennae entirely black.......... RPMS GE cK MEE sans seals! WA sposeiase pace neiayan a auberenthOPOrS ena sec obscura Johnson. Agathomyia brooksi, sp. nov. o'.—Front and face dull black, proboscis yellow, antennae black. Thorax velvety black, with a large almost square yellow mark in front of the scutellum extending almost to the middle of the thorax, with the anterior margin triden- tate; there is also a small obscure yellow spot above the base of the wing. Pleura dull black, scutellum bright yellow, with four black marginal bristles. Abdomen with the first three segments yellow, the hind legs brown, the hind femora and tibiae slightly enlarged with a row of fine hairs above, the metatarsi about twice as long as wide. Halteres black. Wings hyaline. Length 2.5 mm. , One specimen, Manomet, Massachusetts, May 31, 1919. Obtained in sweeping for small insects, by Mr. Winthrop Sprague Brooks. Type in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. Agathomyia monticola, sp. nov. o'.—Head and antennae black. Thorax black, shining, pleura dull black, scutellum yellow, metanotum black. The first three segments of the abdomen yellow, base of the first segment blackish, segments four to six black, shining. Legs brown, the hind femora and tibiae but slightly enlarged, with rows of bristle-like hairs above; hind metatarsi about three times as long as wide. Helene black. Wings hyaline, with a slight yellow tinge, subcostal cell yellow. 58 One specimen, Mt. Washington carriage road, between the one- and two-mile post, elevation about 2,500 feet, July 24, 1915 (C. W. Johnson). Type in the collection of the Boston Society of Natu- ral History. Agathomyia canadensis, sp. nov. o'.—Face dull black, proboscis yellow, antennae black. Thorax and scutel- lum velvety black, base of the scutellum and a small spot in front shining black, pleura dull black. Abdomen with the first three segments yellow, the third with a black dorsal spot at the posterior margin, the other segments velvety black. Front and middle legs yellow, hind legs dark brown, the hind femora and tibiae enlarged, with a row of bristle-like hairs above; the hind metatarsi about twice as long as wide. MHalteres black. Wings hyaline. Length 3mm. One specimen, Norway Point, Lake of Bays, Ontario, Canada, August 1, 1919 (Dr. J. McDunnough). Type in the collection of the National Museum, Ottawa, Canada. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 5. Fig. Wing of Platypeza minorata Banks. Fig. Wing of Platypeza flavicornis Loew. Fig. Wing of Platypeza velutina Loew. Fig. Wing of Platypeza anthrax Loew. Wing of Platypeza bankst, sp. nov. Wing of Platypezoides diversa, sp. nov. Hind leg of Platypezoides diversa, sp. nov. (male). Hind leg of Platypezoides diversa, sp. nov. (female). é Abdomen of Platypeza banksi, sp. nov. (maie). Fig. 10. Abdomen of Platypeza banks, sp. nov. (female). Fig. 11. Thorax and abdomen of Platypeza infumata Haliday (female). a 09 6) COPS ae Sood Occ. PAPERS Boston Soc. Nat. Hisr., Vou. 5. Puate 5. JOHNSON ON PLATYPEZIDAE. Vou. 5, p. 59-61. JuNE 8, 1923. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. TWO NEW NORTH AMERICAN DIPTERA. . BY C. HOWARD CURRAN. ASILIDAE. Cyrtopogon laphriformis, new species. Srminar to Laphria in form, the abdomen long and slender, longer than the wings, with orange pile except basally; pleura entirely white-haired. Male. — Length, 15mm. Face moderately gibbose, rather flat above, gray- ish-white pollinose, the mystax pallidly yellowish in the middle, the hairs else- where stouter, black. Front very thinly pollinose, shining, with evident, abundant small punctures and not very long, rather abundant hair, which is of intermediate texture. Occiput grayish-white pollinose, more yellowish toward the vertex; hairs all black, the beard composed of fine white hair which does not quite reach the eye-margin. First antennal joint one and one-fourth times as long as wide, gradually increasing in width from the base; second joint slightly shorter than the first, but not as wide, as it is about one and one-half times as long as wide, both bearing black hairs; third joint somewhat longer than the two - first combined, not half as wide as the second joint, the sides sub-parallel, but still a little concave on the basal half below, scarcely so above; style as long as the second antennal joint, of moderate width, slightly tapering, its spine short and not well differentiated. Thorax black, the sides of the mesonotum and pleura grayish-white or yel- lowish pollinose, but I am unable to make out the pattern on the disk. Pile on pleura, humeri and a narrow band on the posterior margin of the mesonotum, fine, white; on the disk, stouter, black, not abundant nor long; bristles slender, black. Scutellum very gently convex, its base narrowly thinly gray pollinose, its pile whitish, becoming longer apically; no bristles. Legs shining black, the extreme apices of the femora, basal fourth of the tibiae and the bases of all the tarsal joints, reddish or deep orange, strongly con- trasting with the black. Pile on posterior four femora fine, white, except sev- eral apical bristly hairs and a few additional hairs on the middle ones above. Front, femora black-haired. Tibiae black-haired, the hairs beneath the front four conspicuously long. Tarsi all black-haired. Bristles all black. Wings rather peculiar as they are beset with quite apparent brown villi which give a smoky tinge and are quite dark on the apical two-thirds and some- what brownish. When viewed from almost the same plane they appear wholly brownish. Squamae pallidly yellowish, with yellow border and fine white fringe. Halteres reddish yellow. Abdomen shining blue-black, the second to fifth segments each with a trans- verse grayish pruinose triangle on the posterior angles, its front margin almost straight and oblique, the sides of the first segment with similar pollen. Pile short on the disk, longer and more abundant laterally, whitish at the base, becoming orange on the second segment, from thence to the apex entirely orange and of almost equal length, the genitalia alone with some longer, stouter black hairs, Holotype.—, Intervale, New Hampshire, June 26, 1909 (S. A. Shaw), in the Museum of the Boston Society of Natural History. 59 60 This species is remarkable because of its structure, color of the pile and villous wings. Most of the species in the genus have the villi more or less apparent, but they are always grayish, not as. stout as, and usually decidedly longer than in this species. The insect is quite typical of Cyrtopogon except for its narrow ab- domen, in which it approaches Lasiopogon, but it is more tapering and the genitalia not as large and conspicuous, and the pile is very much more abundant. It forms a good connection between the two genera, which are really only feebly separated. SYRPHIDAE. Only one species of Chamaesyrphus has been previously recog- nized from North America and the new species here described is of unusual interest because it is somewhat intermediate between the genera Pelecocera and Chamaesyrphus, but shows greater affinities to the latter. The third antennal joint is very large, less rounded than in Chamaesyrphus willistont and less angular than in Peleco- cera, the arista dorso-terminal. The two genera have appeared abundantly distinct but it is possible that further knowledge of the species comprising them may once more lead to their unison. The two North American species of Chamaesyrphus may be sepa- rated by the following table. Arista dorso-terminal, the third antennal joint with broadly rounded apical corners, the sides and apex slightly convex; joint widest apically.......... Wed A RUNS ah bans eth Ut uetgeate let hes retin taled cNAsen et tah eucth tna dO ean eps apichaetus, n. sp. Arista situated slightly before the middle of the third antennal joint; third joint OLDICUMAT CUE Ne Mara eiora Mt csccaj cle kee Niet auatenolers Sac ca eee aeEe iene aE willistont Snow. — Chamaesyrphus apichaetus, new species. Superficially similar to Chamaesyrphus willistoni, but differing as explained in table, and otherwise. Female. — Length,5 mm. Face and front shining black, the former densely whitish-pollinose except a large sub-cordate spot about the small but prominent tubercle, and most of the cheeks, which are of a brownish ground color. In profile the face is moderately concave above, retreating below the tubercle, but the lower third of the face is prominent, so that the tubercle is not wholly re- sponsible for the prominence here. Pile whitish, limited to the side margins and cheeks. Sides of the front below, and a broad band on the lower third, narrowly separated from the base of the antennae by a shining area, thinly yellowish-pollinose. Pile rather short, not very abundant, black. Occiput shining black, the orbits grayish pollinose; pile black above, pallidly yellowish below. First antennal joint very short, black; second a little longer than broad, slightiy tapering, its apex broadly rounded, piceous or brownish red in color; third joint very large, broadest apically, its corners broadly rounded, its mar- gins a little convex, reddish in color, its upper and apical margins ‘narrowly brown. Arista black, situated on dorso- apical corner, as long as the antennae, straight, not robust, tapering. Thorax greenish black ; pleura and sides of mesonotum thinly whitish-polli- nose, the latter dorsally with thin yellowish pollen; on the anterior two-thirds, when viewed from behind, with a yellowish pollinose geminate median stripe. Pile of mesonotum short, black; on the lateral and posterior margins and on the pleura, short, white. Scutellum greenish black, pale pilose, with four bristles. 61 Front four coxae, all the trochanters, bases and apices of the femora, basal third and broad apices of the front four tibiae, basal fourth and apex of the hind ones, and the first two joints of the front four tarsi, yellowish; legs elsewhere piceous or brownish black. Wings hyaline, stigma luteous; apical cross-vein straight, very oblique, the apex of the first posterior cell acute. Squamae white, with pale yellowish border and white fringe. Halteres yellow. Abdomen shining greenish black, very thinly whitish pollinose; short whitish ee the middle line and apices of the second and third segments short black pilose. ; Holotype. — 2, Carmel, California (L. 8. Slevin), in my collection. VoL. 5, p. 63. JUNE 8, 1923. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. A NEW TANAGER FROM SURINAM. BY THOMAS BE. PENARD. Tue little town of Lelydorp, formerly known as Kofidjompo, situated in the Para district, about seventeen kilometers from the city of Paramaribo, Surinam, has already yielded several new and interesting forms of birds. To their number I now add another, a tanager, which has never before been reported from Guiana and which differs sufficiently from its nearest ally in Peru to warrant subspecific separation. I propose to name it Tanagra chrysopasta nitida, subsp. nov. Type, adult o’, collection of T. KE. Penard, no. 2028 (now Museum of Com- parative Zodlogy, no. 93,415), from Lelydorp, Surinam, 7 September, 1921; collected by T. E. Penard. Subspecific characters.—Similar to Tanagra chrysopasta chrysopasta (Sclater and Salvin) of Peru, but decidedly smaller; under parts brighter and clearer orange-yellow; middle of breast and belly without any trace of olivaceous; cap more bluish, less cinereous; bill dark plumbeous; feet very small and ~ black, not brownish. Measurements (in millimeters). Exposed Sex. Wing. Tail. Tarsus. culmen. imcenmiiio, curiam, type. 2. 225s: Sooty sOvomnl OMvsn5 T.c. chrysopasta, M. C. Z., 34,537; Peru: Upper Ucayali (Bart- lett), topotype....... SUN SOO MES OME teen OeD do. do. M. C. Z., 93,365; Bolivia: Rio Surutti (Steinbach) o& 61.0. 38.0 15.5 9.0 do. do. M.C. Z., 93,266; Bolivia: Rio Suruti (Steinbach) @ 60.0 34.0 16.5 9.3 - Remarks.—This new tanager is the Surinam representative of the Golden-bellied Euphonia of Peru. It is distinguishable at a glance from typical chrysopasta by its diminutive size. The feet especially are much weaker, being no larger than those of Tanagra jinscht (Sclater and Salvin) or Tanagra minuta (Cabanis). From the upper breast to the under tail-coverts it has a wide area of bright orange-yellow without any admixture of olivaceous, giving the entire bird a much brighter appearance than its Peruvian ally. The species has not previously been recorded from Surinam and is not known to occur in either British or French Guiana. My brothers, F. P. and A. P. Penard (Vog. Guyana, vol. 2, p. 428, 1910), list the species and state that they have no knowledge of its occurrence in the Guianas, but have reason to think it does occur there. 63 Vo, 5, p. 65-67. Aveust 27, 1923. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. TWO UNDESCRIBED SYRPHID FLIES FROM NEW ENGLAND. BY C. HOWARD CURRAN. Platychirus varipes, new species. Allied to P. podagratus Zetterstedt of Europe, but without any long twisted hairs at the base of the front femora and with the front tibiae a little more gradually dilated. Male.—Length, 8.5 mm. Face and front aeneous, thinly covered with | whitish dust, the tubercle and oral margin black. In profile the face is long concave above, shortly concave below the nose-shaped tubercle; the base of the antennae and the tip of the oral margin are on the same plane, the tubercle occupying over one-third the length of the face and markedly prominent; pile black. Front rather broad, not swollen. Sides of the vertical triangle almost equilateral, the triangle bluish, with black pile except at the vertex. Occiput bluish black, densely grayish pollinose along the orbits except above; the pile yellow, short; the occipital ciliae long, black. Antennae black, just a trace of reddish on the third joint at the base below; third joint one and one-half times as long as wide, gently concave on upper surface, convex apically and ventrally. Thorax aeneous, with tawny-yellowish pile, some black hairs sub-laterally on the posterior half. Scutellum concolorous with the mesonotum, with longer black pile but some pale hairs intermixed, especially basally. Legs black, the hind knees narrowly yellow; middle knees, apex of the middle tibiae and the first two joints of their tarsi, reddish yellow. Front legs reddish yellow, their femora with a broad brownish stripe posteriorly and a narrower one anteriorly. Perhaps sometimes these stripes are more extensive and the femora.chiefly shining brown except the broad base and apex. Posterior half of front tibiae black on the outer side for more than half their length, the base yellow; front basitarsi over half white. Front femora with long, moderately abundant, rather stout black hairs behind, about three of them stronger than the rest. The front tibiae are gradually dilated from the base to the apical fourth, thence to the apex strongly dilated, the anterior margin almost straight, the outer apex produced as a small triangle. The front basitarsus is almost as wide as the apex of the tibia, its posterior basal corner oblique where it receives the tibial projection, one and one-fifth times as long as wide; the following joints gradually and rather sharply decreasing in width and length but the last joint as long as the third. Middle femora with long black pile behind and on postero-ventral surface, their tibiae with conspicuous, rather abundant, fine yellow pile on both the anterior and posterior surfaces. Hind femora with long yellowish and blackish pile in front, their tibiae wholly black pilose. Wings tinged with luteous; stigma luteous. Squamae whitish with fuscous border and paliid-yellowish fringe. Halteres fuscous. 65 66 Abdomen opaque black, the side margins and lateral spots on each segment metallic greenish, the first segment wholly of this color. The shining side margins are dilated on the basal two-thirds of the second segment to occupy one-fifth the width of the segment on either side; sub-basally on the basal third or less of the two following segments and over three-fourths of the fifth segment, the shining margin is dilated to occupy more than one-third the width on either side, its posterior margin oblique, the inner half of the fasciae thus ‘formed on the third and fourth segments covered with hoary bloom. Pile rather sparse, yellowish on the metallic areas and base of the abdomen; else- where shorter, sub-appressed, black. Holotype, &, Fort Kent, Maine, August 17, collected by Charles W. Johnson; in the Museum of the Boston Society of Natural History. Stenosyrphus vittifacies, new species. Belongs to the sodalis group (for definition of this group and key to species, see Canadian Entomol., vol. 55, p. 59, 1923). The black facial stripe brings it close to S. nigrifacies Curran; the abdominal spots, which do not reach the side margins, ally it ‘with S. contumaz Osten Sacken. The spots are not or are scarcely concave in front and the species does not, in this respect, agree with the other members of the group. Male.—Length, between 9 and 10 mm. Face broadly yellow on the sides and narrowly across immediately below the antennae; the cheeks, very broad oral border and middle stripe, shining black, the median stripe elongate tri- angular, reaching nearly to the base of the antennae as an acute point; the yellow ground is covered by grayish pollen, which also encroaches on the black ground. Jowlsmore brownish. Pile moderately long, fairly abundant, black. Frontal triangle black, densely gray pollinose so that the ground color is mostly obscured; narrowly bare immediately above the antennae where it forms a broad, poorly formed W;; pile black. Vertical triangle greenish black, thinly grayish-yellow pollinose, its pile black. Occiput densely grayish pollinose, clothed with pale-yellowish pile, the orbital ciliae black. Antennae black; third joint obtusely oval, one and one-fourth times as long as broad, widest sub-apically. Arista as long as the antenna, thickened on the basal third, wholly black. Eyes touching for a distance equal to the length of the vertical triangle, thinly short, yellow pilose. Thorax aeneous, the disk somewhat dull, with several obscure, narrow, more shining vittae; pleura thinly whitish pollinose. Pile moderately long, chiefly yellowish; on the sides of the mesonotum and on the mesopleura above, black, or largely so, the pale pile also appearing tipped with black in some lights. Scutellum reddish yellowish, the base narrowly black, the whole border metallic blue; the pile long, black, pale and shorter basally. Legs black, the apices of the femora reddish, the hind ones less broadly so; the base of the posterior tibiae, and the front four tibiae, except obscure brownish bands lying mostly beyond the middle, reddish yellow. Wings cinereous hyaline, the stigma luteous. Squamae whitish, with yellow- ish border and fringe. MHalteres yellow, the knobs somewhat ferruginous. Abdomen opaque or sub-opaque black, the first segment, sides of the whole abdomen, apical third of the third segment, apical half of the fourth and the whole of the fifth, shining; first segment brownish. Second segment with a pair of rather small, sub-oval, yellow spots about the middle, well separated 67 from the side margins, the distance between their inner ends equal to about twice the length of one spot. The spots are placed a little obliquely, their outer end nearer the anterior margin of the segment. Second segment with a broad, sub-basal, rather narrowly interrupted reddish fascia, the width of which is equal to about one-third the length of the segment; the outer ends are separated from the side margins, rounded, the front margin of the spot almost straight, the posterior margin gently convex. Fourth segment similarly marked. Apices of the fourth and fifth segments narrowly yellow. The abdominal pile is yellowish on the first segment, basal three-fourths of the second and basal half of the two following; elsewhere black. Holotype, o', Hampton, New Hampshire, April 14, 1905, col- lected by 8S. A. Shaw; in the Museum of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vou. 5, p. 69-72. NoOveEMBER 14, 1923. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. NEW AND INTERESTING SPECIES OF DIPTERA. BY CHARLES W. JOHNSON. Tuts paper adds two interesting genera to the New England fauna: Spania and Hilarimorpha, belonging to the family Rhagio- nidae (Leptidae). A new species of Allognosta of the family Stratiomyiidae is also described, with a note on Allognosta similis Loew. Spania nigra Meigen. Spania nigra Meig., Syst. Beschr., vol. 6, p. 335, tab. 66, f. 12-14, 1830. Among the material collected at Witch Hole Pond, near Bar Harbor, Maine, June 21, 1921, was a single male specimen of what is evidently this interesting little species. It agrees with the description, except for a discrepancy in the venation. The . venation, however, is exceedingly variable in European specimens, and this inconstancy is described by Verrall (British Flies, vol. 5, p. 318, 1909) as follows: ‘‘The two upper veinlets from the discal cell usually sessile, but frequently separated (sometimes widely) and not uncommonly petiolate as in Ptiolina, while the third vein- let is usually abbreviated, but is sometimes complete; it is also not uncommon to find a spurious cross-vein connecting the two upper veinlets from the discal cell soon after their origin and Fic. 1.—Spania nigra Meigen. Typical venation, after Meigen. Fig. 2.—Venation in a specimen from near Bar Harbor, Maine. thereby forming a small complete cell above the end portion of the discal cell, discal cross-vein hardly before the middle of the discal cell; anal cell sometimes barely closed or sometimes distinctly petiolate; it is very usual to find the venation varying differently in the two wings.”’ In the specimen before me the anterior or 69 70 ‘discal cross-vein’’ is decidedly before the middle of the discal cell. The most striking feature of the venation in this specimen, how-.- ever, and a variation not mentioned by Verrall, is the position of the fifth vein, as the posterior cross-vein is wanting and the vein extends to the edge of the discal cell; the fusing gives the appear- ance that it was a part of the fourth vein as shown in Figure 2. If this variation should prove constant I would propose the name americana. The typical venation, as figured by Meigen, is shown in Figure 1. A true representative of the genus Spania has not before been recorded from North America. Specimen in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural aISEOUy. Ptiolina edeta (Walker). Spania edeta Walker, List Dipt., pt. 3, p. 489, 1849. This species belongs to the genus Ptiolina. I have taken it on the ‘‘ Alpine Garden”’ (5000 feet), Mt. Washington, New Hamp- shire, July 4, 1914. It has also been recorded from Alaska by Coquillett. Hilarimorpha pusilla, sp. nov. o'.—Head and antennae black, the third joint of the antenna about twice as long as wide, minutely pubescent, and the two-jointed style slightly more than one-half its length; ocelli yellow, prominent. Thorax and abdomen dull black with a thin brownish pollen. Halteres dark brown. Legs light brown. _ Wings brown, with darker-brown vein, the venation similar to the figure given in Williston’s Manual (fig. 1, p. 160) except that the second basal cell is slightly longer. Length 2.5 mm. Two specimens: holotype, Hanover, New Hampshire, July 7, 1908; paratype, Norwich, Vermont, July 8, 1908. In the collec- tion of the Boston Society of Natural History. AtLoGenosta Osten Sacken. Table of Species. 1. Abdomen with the center more or less yellowish .........-.....2+.0+005 2. Abdomenya,uniformiblack oribronze 225 4... ae ee eee 3. 2. Thorax and scutellum black, discal cell large and ene halteres dark brown at the base of the knobs BY Atces ay ec IMU th Wears MER BR fuscitarsis Say. Thorax and scutellum dark bluish green, discal cell small and less angular, halteres entirely vellow:: < scccs oto css Sieben vee) oes eterna similis Loew. 3. Antennae with the third joint long and cylindrical, pleura black obscuriventris Loew. Antennae with the third joint short and conical, pleura reddish brevicornis, Sp. NOV- Allognosta similis (Loew). Metoponia similis Loew, Cent. IV, 44, 1863. A study of the types shows that two species are involved- They consist of two males, one bearing the label szmzlzs, in 71 Loew’s handwriting, the other ‘‘New York, Schaum.”’ The de- scription is based entirely on the first specimen, as the following lines show: ‘‘Dorsum et scutellum ex nigro viridis . . . cel- lula discoidali quam Metoponiae fuscitarsis Say multo minore.”’ The other specimen is pure black with a larger discal cell,—a typical Allognosta fuscitarsis Say, and the locality of the type was evidently inadvertently transferred to this species. This leaves the type without a locality. It is pinned precisely like a speci- men of Allognosta obscuriventris Loew, labeled “‘D. C.”’ collected by Osten Sacken and described at the same time. I have little doubt that this specimen was also collected by Osten Sacken, who in Record of My Life Work in Entomology, p. 94, says: ‘‘Many specimens in both collections will be found without any indication of locality. Most of them are specimens of my own early col- lecting, principally about Washington, D. C. In sending them to Loew I always informed him of the localities, which for this reason ought to be found recorded in his description.” The above conclusion as to the locality for this species is strengthened by the presence of two females in the Nathan Banks Collection taken at Falls Church, Virginia, June 28 and July 5, and a speci- men from Petersburg, Virginia, June 1, in the collection of Dr. J. Bequaert. The size of the discal cell is about the same as in Allognosta obscuriventris, but the greenish-blue thorax and scutel- lum, brown abdomen, and yellow halteres readily separate it from ‘ that species. Allognosta brevicornis, sp. nov. o'.—Frontal triangle black, slightly pollinose, face white, with fine blackish hairs, palpi black, proboscis yellow, brown above; antennae reddish, the base of the second joint and the eight annuli of the third joint black, the latter conical and less than twice the length of the basal portion; eyes contiguous, the facets on the lower third of the eye minute. Thorax and scutellum black, shiny, covered with. short black hairs; humeri and post-alar eallosities brown, pleura reddish brown, black on the middle. Abdomen a uniform dark bronze, shin- ing. Halteres black. Legs yellow, the tip of all the tibiae and the front and middle tarsi entirely black, hind metatarsi yellow, the tip and remaining joints black. Wings tinged with brown, the large stigma and veins dark brown. Length 4.5 mm. ? .—Front black, shining, a slight central depression and a transverse line above the antennae at about the middle of the head; below this line and the face whitish, pollinose, base of the palpi reddish, and the antennae a brighter red than in the male; pleura entirely red, sternum black. Halteres reddish. In other respects resembling the male. Thirteen specimens. Holotype and allotype: Norwich, Vermont, July 7, 1908. Paratypes: Mt. Greylock, Massachusetts, June 15, 1906; Jaffrey, New Hampshire, June 18, 1923; and Salisbury Cove, Mt. Desert, Maine, July 12, 1923 (C. W. J.); Bolton Mt., Ver- mont, July 15, 1922 (Owen Bryant), all in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History; New Hampshire (Osten 72 Sacken) in the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy; and specimens from Claremont, New Hampshire, June 20, and Lake Tear, Essex - County, New York, July 21, in Dr. J. Bequaert’s and the author’s collections. In regard to Osten Sacken’s specimen, that author in Record of My Life Work in Entomology, p. 95, says: ‘‘ Diptera marked ‘N. H.’ on white square, printed labels, were all collected by me in the White Mountains, New Hampshire, whether my name is mentioned or not.”’ VoL. 5, p. 73-76, pi. 6. ApRIL 7, 1924. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. NEW EPHEMERIDAE FROM NEW ENGLAND.! BY JAMES McDUNNOUGH. THE study of a small but interesting collection of Ephemeridae submitted to me for identification by Mr. C. W. Johnson of the Boston Society of Natural History has resulted in the discovery of several undescribed species, descriptions of which are herewith presented. Leptophlebia johnsoni, sp. nov. Male.—Head and thorax rather bright black-brown, especially laterally. Abdomen with segments 2-7 translucent white, segment 2 tinged with pale brownish; spiracles marked by small black dots with faint brown shades above them; segments 8-10 (and often the posterior dorsal portion of 7) opaque, © dorsally brown; segment 9 edged laterally with pale creamy, ventrally seg- ment 8 pale creamy, segment 9 pale brown; forceps pale creamy with light- brown subgenital plate; setae white, narrowly ringed with brown; a medio- ventral row of light-brown patches on hyaline segments. Fore legs deep brown, with tip of tibia darker, four posterior legs pale golden brown. Wings hyaline with a faint but distinct pale umber shade in the apical area of fore wing; venation faint with the veins and cross-veins of apical area brownish. Female.—Deep brown with red-brown shading on vertex of head; legs paler brown. Last ventral segment bilobed, the lobes pointed but the excavation between them rather shallow (less than half the length of segment) and gently pounded apically. Wings without apical cloud. Length of body and fore wing mm. _ Holotype.—, Jafirey, New Hampshire, June 21 (C. W. Johnson); in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. Allotype-— °°, Jaffrey, New Hampshire, June 25, in the same collection. Paratypes.—2¢\, same data as holotype; No. 772, in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. Apart from the apical cloud on the primaries of the male, the species is readily distinguished from L. mollis and its allies by the form of the male genitalia (Pl. 6, fig. 1). Ephemerella temporalis, sp. nov. Male.—Eyes (living) ferruginous yellow; head deep yellowish; thorax rather bright brown, slightly olivaceous dorsally, with a paler, orange-yellow streak from the wing roots to pronotum and with pale creamy shades on the pleura at the base of the wings. Abdomen dorsally with segments 2-7 deep brown, 1 Contribution from the Division of Systematic Entomology, Entomological Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada. 74 segments 8 and 9 ruddy brown and segment 10 paler, yellow brown; segments 2-4 with blackish posterior margins; a faint, brown, mediodorsal line, partially geminate on the anterior segments; on the anterior margin of the first eight segments are two small blackish subdorsal dots, frequently surrounded by faint pale shades; the lateral margin of segments 8 and 9 is narrowly yellowish bordered above by a faint blackish line and there are frequently slight blackish markings in the spiracular area. Ventrally pale whitish yellow, posterior seg- ments more opaque than the anterior ones which are shaded laterally slightly with brownish; segments 4-7 with medioventral brown ganglionic blotches; two small black dots on each side of the median line about the center of each segment and a similar lateral one, slightly in advance of these in position; forceps pale ochreous; setae whitish with distinct brown rings. Legs yellow, shading into dirty white on the tibiae, the joints of which are marked with blackish; claws black; there is frequently a dark dot at apex of femora. Wings tyne; costal veins slightly yellowish at base of primaries, otherwise all veins colorless. Female.—Paler and more olivaceous in general coloring than the ¢; head yellow with black dots in lower corners next ; the eyes and slight black markings at bases of antennae and on vertical carina, vertex with. central blackish shading and with two ruddy spots each side of the median line, the inner one - often obscured by the dark shading; abdominal maculation much as in 3, the mediodorsal line extending forward on to the rear portion of mesothorax. Length of body 8 mm.; of fore wing 8-10 mm. Holotype.— &, Ottawa, Ontario, July 4 (C. H. Curran); No. 778, in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. Allotype—?, same data. Paratypes.—1 8, 19, same data; 1¢, Hogs Back, Rideau River, Ontario, June 22 (R. H. Osburn); 36, Algonquin Park, Ontario, June 18 (J. MeDun- nough); 2¢, North Reading, Massachusetts, June 10 (C. W. Johnson); the two last in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. Owing to the impossibility at the present time of satisfactorily identifying a number of the described species in this genus, the description of a new species is always attended with a certain amount of risk; it seems, however, advisable to tie our Canadian species definitely down to given names and work out the synonymy at leisure. The present species falls into the same group as lutulenta Clem., the types of which are before me. These types are in very poor condition and hard to recognize but they all show a sprinkling of black dots on legs and abdomen, lacking in temporalis, and the ¢ besides being apparently more olivaceous in coloration, shows slight genitalic differences, notably in the lack of a small tubercle between the bases of the forceps; this feature seems quite char- acteristic of the present species. The ¢ also resembles the unique ? type of lineata Clem., which, however, has a brown dorsal stripe rather than a mere line and has further no ventral maculation; the subanal plate shows a distinct angular excavation apically whilst in temporalis this excavation is evenly rounded. ‘The Massa- chusetts specimens were labelled excrucians Walsh but my notes on the genitalia of the specimens in the Museum of Comparative foolony at Cambridge, Massachusetts, seem to indicate a different orm. 75 Siphlonurus novangliae, sp. nov. Male.——Head light brown with a black line below the antennae and along the edge of the vertical carina. Thorax brown, shaded with paler on the lateral anterior portion of the mesonotum and with black streaks anterior to the base of primaries; a light ruddy-brown shade before the posterior mesothoracic protuberance which is.also tipped with the same color. Abdomen dorsally deep brown shaded largely with yellow brown on the three posterior segments; in segments 2-7 there are pale yellowish, semitranslucent patches laterally on the anterior portion of each segment. Ventrally segments 1 and 2 are largely brown with a yellow band on posterior margin, the remaining segments yellow- ish with the three posterior segments suffused with brown; there is also a, series of brownish lateral patches, largest and most distinct on the anterior seg- ments, reduced to mere streaks or obsolete on the posterior ones; forceps deep brown with basal plate yellow, especially on interior side. Fore leg brown, paler at base of femur and on coxae and with joints of tarsi marked with black; pos- terior legs yellow brown with the tip of femur and the tarsal joints slightly marked with brown. Setae dirty gray with black annulation. Wings hyaline with black venation and in certain lights with a very faint amber tinge over the entire surface. — Female.—Very similar to ¢ but slightly paler in coloration. Length of body 13 mm.; of fore wing 13 mm. Holotype — 6, Brookline, Massachusetts, June 17 (C. W. Johnson); in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. Allotype—?, same data. Paratypes——2 §, Darien, Connecticut, June 11 (C. W. Johnson); 3 9, Brookline, Massachusetts, June 11, 17, in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History and No. 773 in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. The species should be readily recognized by its ¢ genitalia, the penes being barb-shaped at the base with broad truncate apices (P1. 6, fig. 3); it is distinguished from typicus Eaton, a New England species, by the lack of a brown shade in the axillary fold of the fore wing. Siphlonurus rapidus, sp. nov. Male.—Face pale grayish with broad dark transverse band below the antennae; thorax dull olive brown with a darker mid-dorsal stripe and ruddy brown shading anterior to and on the mesothoracic posterior tubercle; anterior to the wing roots is a pale whitish-yellow shade containing a deep purple-brown streak. Abdomen dorsally with the first seven segments deep purple brown, the anterior margins of segments 3-7 being semitranslucent pale whitish yellow; the three posterior segments are light brown shaded laterally and anteriorly with pale yellowish. Ventrally pale yellowish with a dark purple brown irreg- ular medioventral stripe; anterior segments largely shaded with purple brown; forceps light smoky with pale yellow basal plate; setae dirty white ringed with blackish. Fore leg pale brownish, hind legs dirty white, with the joints marked with purple brown and in some lights with a faint purplish shade beyond the middle of the femora. Wings hyaline with black venation. Female.—Rather paler than the $ and with the medioventral stripe reduced to series of patches. Length of body 10 mm.; of fore wing 12 mm. Holotype-—%, North Reading, Massachusetts, June 10; No. 774, in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. pe ie’ Jafirey, New Hampshire, June 11; in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. 76 The ¢ type, which has been in the Canadian National Collection for some time, is in poor condition and I should scarcely have ventured to describe the species as new if it had not been for the characteristic genitalia, in which the apices of the penes are drawn out into long narrow points (PI. 6, fig. 4). Cinygma bipunctata, sp. nov. Male.—Almost entirely deep black brown, the ventral surface of the ab- domen somewhat paler and with the posterior margin of each segment nar- rowly bordered with dull whitish, this color on the rear segments extending to the lateral portions of the dorsum. Setae whitish with narrow dark rings. Fore femur deep brown, tibia pale brown, tarsi dirty whitish with joint 1 about two- thirds the length of 2; hind legs dull yellowish, the femora with prominent deep-brown median and apical spots. Wings hyaline with faint brownish tinge at extreme base, the longitudinal veins pale brownish, the cross-veins colorless and very indistinct except in apical area. Female.—Quite similar to the ¢. Length of body 6 mm.; of fore wing 8 mm. Holotype.— é , Wales, Maine, June 18, 1907 (C. A. Frost); in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. ' Allotype—@, Squam Lake, New Hampshire, July 2 (G. M. Allen); inthe collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. Paratype.— §, same data as allotype; No. 775, in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. The species has a superficial resemblance to Choroterpes basalis but the paired intercalaries between the first and second anal veins ~ and the type of genitalia (Pl. 6, fig. 5) clearly indicate the above generic reference. The specimen serving for the slide of the geni- talia would appear to have an extra joint in the forceps but I pre- sume that this is an abnormal condition. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6. Male genitalia of: 1—Leptophlebia johnsoni, sp. nov.; 2.— Ephemerella temporalis, sp. nov.; 3.—Siphlonurus novangliae, sp. nov.; 4.—Siphlonurus rapidus, sp. nov.; 5.—Cinygma bipunctata, sp. nov Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nar. Hist., Vor. 5. PLATE 6 McDunnouGH ON HPHEMBERIDAE. qb VoL. 5,"p. 77-88. Aprit 7, 1924. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. THE IDENTITY OF TROCHILUS RUCKERI Bovrcizr. BY OUTRAM BANGS AND THOMAS E. PENARD. For a long time the name Threnetes ruckeri, based on Trochilus ruckeri Bourcier (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1847, p. 46) has been used for a Costa Rican hummingbird of which a southern form, inhabiting Ecuador and western Colombia, has borne the name Threnetes frasert (Gould). Bourcier’s description, however, does not agree with the northern form, a fact already discussed by Hellmayr (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911, p. 1177), Simon (Hist. Nat. Trochil., 1921, p. 250), and Todd (Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 14, 1922, p. 271). We fully appreciate the reluctance of these authors to make any change affecting nomenclature until the type in the old Loddiges collection might be examined. Such an exam- ination, if possible, would be highly desirable. On the other hand, we believe that Bourcier’s description so clearly applies to the southern form now known as Threnetes frasert, that we cannot con- ceive in what manner an investigation of the type could possibly affect the situation. Bourcier says definitely that the under parts of the body are gray black, bronzed, that the head, neck, scapulars, back, and tail-coverts are shiny dark green, and that the middle of the tail is blue black. These characters all apply to the southern, not to the northern bird; and we, therefore, do not hesitate to at- tach the name ruckerz to the form which is currently known as fraser. He Costa Rican bird being thus without a name, we propose to call it Threnetes ruckeri ventosus, subsp. nov. Type, adult 3‘, Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, no. 116,624, from Pozo Azul, western Costa Rica, 21 February, 1898; collected by C. F. Underwood. Subspecific characters—Similar to Threnetes ruckeri ruckert (Bourcier) of western Ecuador, but upper parts bronzy green instead of shiny grass-green; middle portion of the tail-feathers (except the middle pair) dull blackish without any bluish or purplish tint; belly pale, buffy gray. Measurements.—Type, adult < ae an "OT SLVIg VIX ‘ody, “Aou ‘ds ‘SALVINAW SINOUHOOTdV ‘g “10 A “ISIE ‘LVN “00g NOLSOg SUBAVq TYNOISVOOO Vot. 5, p. 189-190, pl. 11. DEcEMBER 18, 1925. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. A NEW SILUROID FISH OF THE GENUS CLARIAS FROM SOUTHWESTERN UGANDA. BY J. R. NORMAN. TuHE collection of fishes made by Dr. John C. Phillips in 1924 includes an example of Barbus fergussonizc Boulenger and four examples of Barbus altzanalis Boulenger from Lake Edward. The latter proves to be identical with B. radcliffii Boulenger from Lake Victoria. There are also five examples of a new species of Clarias which is described below. ; Clarias phillipsi, sp. nov. Plate 11. Type.—No. 31519, Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, from Lake Chahafi; 230 mm. in total length. Description —Depth of body 51/3 to 71/2 in the length, length of head 41/; to 43/,. Head about 11/3; times as long as broad, smooth; occipital process broader than long, pointed; frontal fontanelle more than twice as long as broad; occipital fontanelle smaller; eye very small, 4 to 5 times in length of - snout, 63/, to 81/2 in interorbital width, which is a little less than !/2 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 31/2 to 3°/, times as long as broad; vomerine teeth granular, forming a curved band which is nearly as broad as the pre- maxillary band; nasal barbel */; to nearly ?/; length of head; maxillary barbel about as long as head without occipital process, reaching well beyond gill- opening; outer mandibular barbel 11/3 to 11/2 times length of inner, which is more than 1/2 length of head. Gill-rakers few, 8 to 11 on anterior arch. Clavicles hidden under the skin. Dorsal 74 to 78; its distance from occipital process 12/; to 1°/; in length of head. Anal 55 to 58. Dorsal and anal sepa- rated from caudal by a space which is equal to or a little greater than diameter of eye. Pectoral about 2?/; to 2?/; in length of head, the spine short, serrated on outer side. Pelvics 12/5; to 11/2 times as far from caudal as from end of snout. Caudal about !/2 length of head. Grayish, lighter below. Remarks.—Five specimens, 180 to 230 mm. in total length, 190 from Lake Chahafi and Lake Mutanda, Kigezi district, south- western Uganda. Close to C. carsonii Boulenger and C. lio- cephalus Boulenger, differing from the former chiefly in the longer maxillary barbel, and from the latter in the shorter ne barbel and fewer gill-rakers. . ‘Aou ‘ds ‘IsdITIIHd SVIUVID ‘TT QLVIg "G “IOA “SIFT “LVN ‘00g NOLSOg SUddvVg TVNOISVOIQ BN is bn i: ih Bhs a Vou. 5, p. 191—194, pl. 12-14. JANuvARY 30, 1926. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. NEW AMPHIBIA. BY THOMAS BARBOUR. Many collections of Neotropical Amphibia have been received during recent years by the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, and in these the following new species have appeared. Gymnophis clarkii, sp. nov. Type.—No. 11047, Museum of Comparative Zodélogy, from Tela, Honduras. Collected in June, 1925, by Dr. Herbert Clark. Diagnosis—The shortest and thickest species known. Only about seven anterior and five posterior rings without traces of secondary folds. Description.—Diameter, 9 mm.; length, 145 mm.; ratio, 16. Complete rings, 105; the 5th ring shows a tendency to a dorsal cleft, and after an interval of the next few rings, well-developed secondary folds appear. These persist, dividing the primary rings dorsally and sometimes almost completely until about six segments from the posterior end of the animal, where they disappear. The vent is nearly terminal. Color.—As usual, plumbeous. Phyllomedusa nicefori, sp. nov. Plate 12, fig. 1, 2. Type—No. 11611, Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, from Vitlaawceneia 4 u oe Collected by the Rev. Brother Nicéforo Maria and named for im Diagnesis.—Tnis species belongs with those having the first toe longer than the second; having vomerine teeth; lacking parotoid glands; thus very similar to P. coelestis, from which it differs in having shorter legs and far less developed digital dilatations. Description.—Vomerine teeth in two small but very distinct groups opposite the middle of the choanae; form elongate, size medium; snout longer than diameter of eye, sloping; loreal region likéwise declivous; interorbital space broader than upper eyelid; tympanum about one-half diameter of eye; fingers entirely free, long, first slightly shorter than second; fourth nearly as long as _ third; first toe longer than second; discs of fingers and toes small; scarcely a trace of a metatarsal tubercle; the hind limb being carried forward along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the anterior border of the eye; skin smooth above, granular beneath, with several large prominent tubercles on each side of the vent; no parotoid glands. Color in alcohol.—Exactly similar to that of P. coelestis, blue (green in life) above, lower lip white, the white line extending completely around the forearm insertion and terminating as a cluster of white dots along the edge of the chest; several white sternal spots; throat and chest lavender, fading posteriorly to dirty white, which is the color of the lower belly and inside of limbs; a white glandular line separating the blue from the white along the back of the fore limbs, while on the hind limbs the blue fades into the light color, with several light spots along the boundary area. A few scattered white tubercles along 1 A town on the Rio Meta in the tropical lowlands east of Bogota; altitude, 452 meters. 192 the sides more abundant ventrad than dorsad, and the enlarged tubercles about the vent conspicuously white. Measurements.—Total length, tip of snout to vent, 80 mm.; width of head, 24 mm.; length of fore limb, 50 mm.; length of hind limb, from vent to longest toe, 112 mm. Bufo dunni, sp. nov. Plate 13, fig. 1, 2. Type.—No. 11076, Museum of Comparative Zodélogy, adult female; para- type, No. 11077, a male; also other paratypes (males and females) from Mina Carlota, near Cumanayagua, south central Cuba. The mine is in the Trinidad Mountains at an altitude of about 1200 feet. Collected in July, 1925, by Professor Emmett R. Dunn. Diagnosis.—Related to Bufo longinasus Stejneger from Pinar del Rio, western Cuba, and to Bufo ramsdeni Barbour from near Guantanamo. It differs from the former in having a less sharp snout, in being rougher dorsally and more spotted ventrally; the toes are also less completely webbed. From B. ramsdeni it differs in being smoother, less spotted below, and in having a sharper snout. It is like ramsdeni in having a concave crown, while longinasus has a flat head. Description —Female: head and body depressed; head concave and tuber- cular above; weak bony ridges along canthus; snout conical, pointed, pro- jecting; nostrils very near tip of snout and close together; interorbital width greater than upper eyelid; tympanum invisible in type (distinguishable in the- male); first finger shorter than second; tips of fingers and toes very slightly swollen; toes about two-thirds or more webbed (rather more in the male); subarticular tubercles on fingers well developed, not so on toes; small inner and outer metatarsal tubercles; a very faint tarsal fold, really represented by _an elongate tarsal tubercle; when the leg is stretched forward, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the insertion of the fore limb; skin above with many granular tubercles; parotoids large but indistinct, less developed by far than in B. es more as in ramsdeni; throat, belly, and thighs coarsely granu- lated. Color.—Greenish dark bars on canthus, between eyes, at elbow, mid-forearm, and wrist, and also on the leg; a whitish spot on crown; a light vertebral line often present in the males. Measurements.—Total length, tip of snout to vent, 36 mm.; width of head, 12 mm.; length of fore limb, 22.5 mm.; length of hind limb, from vent to longest toe, 43 mm. Remarks.—Professor Dunn contributes the following field notes: “‘T found the toads in or near streams above 1200 feet in the northern part of the Trinidad Mountains, viz. at La Mina and at a place called Los Tres Pilones, some two hours’ riding toward the Siguanea Valley. They are strictly diurnal. The males call from the water’s edge or from rocks in the water—a long waaa, long drawn out, faint, but resembling the call of Bufo fowlerz. The toads were very conspicuous in the daytime. None were seen at night. I heard them most often about 10 o’clock in the morning. The females and young did not frequent the water as much as the males. The tadpoles, of which a number were taken, were strikingly black with two white rings, which, para- doxically enough, made them harder to see than if they were uniform black. I found no eggs. ‘The color in life was largely green, white, and brown, rather gaudy. The species is very similar in both color and markings to young Bufo peltacephalus.” 193 Eleutherodactylus persimilis, sp. nov. Plate 14 (type, upper left-hand figure). Type.—No. 11598, Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, from Suretka, Costa Rica, near the boundary of Bocas del Toro Province, Panamd. Collected July-August, 1923, by Professor EK. R. Dunn and Mr. Chester B. Duryea. | There are several paratypes, Nos. 11599-11610. Diagnosis.—A very small representative of the rhodopis group which seems to differ from its many and puzzling allies in proportions and coloration. - Body short and fat, limbs short and heavy. Description.—Tongue round, large, unemarginate behind; vomerine teeth in two small round groups between the choanae, widely separated one from the other; nostrils very near tip of snout; upper eyelid much narrower than interorbital space; tympanum large, round, distinct, about two-thirds diameter of eye, its distance from latter about two-thirds its own diameter; no discs on fingers, very small expansions only of the tips of the toes; first finger shorter than second; first toe short, only reaching subarticular tubercle of the second; subarticular tubercles on fingers and toes very well developed; two well- developed metatarsal tubercles; many small plantar tubercles; a moderately developed tarsal fold; the hind limb being extended along the body, the tibio- tarsal articulation reaches the anterior border of the eye; the hind limbs being flexed vertically to body axis, the heels do not meet; limbs short and stout; skin above finely granular; below coarsely granular, especially the posterior aspect of femur. : Color—Light or dark gray, with dorsal markings symmetrically arranged (ef. plate); beneath clear white; a sharp dark bar from posterior margin of eye over tympanum always present; heels and posterior aspect of tarsus dark brown, sharply defined; a black dot on each side of vent; also a dark streak along posterior aspect of thigh. Rather uniform in coloration. Measurements.—Total length, tip of snout to vent, 17.5 mm.; width of head, 6.5 mm.; length of fore limb, 7.5 mm.; length of hind limb, from vent to tip of longest toe, 24 mm. Having found, in a recent collection from Colombia, a Crypto- batrachus that appeared distinct from the Santa Marta Mountain specimens presented to the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy by ‘the Museum of Zoélogy of the University of Michigan, I sent it to my friend Dr. A. G. Ruthven for examination. He and his colleague, Mrs. Gaige, have very kindly compared our example with their fine material from Santa Marta, and agree that this specimen seems. to represent a distinct form. They point out, and very correctly, that it would be desirable to examine Perac- ca’s type, which came from Guaca (altitude 1600 meters) in the Cordillera Central of Colombia. It is by no means impossible that it is the Santa Marta material which needs naming. ‘This comparison cannot now be made, and therefore it seems desirable to indicate that there is another form in western Colombia. Dr. G. K. Noble states that Cryptobatrachus is a pure synonym of Hyloscirtus Peters, but I incline to consider this as unproved, following Dr. Ruthven. The new form may be called: Cryptobatrachus incertus, sp. nov. Type.—No. 11616, Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, from Sonsén (altitude 2545 meters), Dept. of Antioquia, Colombia. From the Rev. Brother Nicéforo Maria, of the College of La Salle, Bogota. 194 Diagnosis—Similar to C. fuhrmanni, but with skin above strongly granular, belly and thighs more granular, throat likewise granular, not smooth. The coloration also is different. Description.—Male, sexually well developed: tongue round, unemarginate; vomerine teeth in a straight row behind choanae, the two series nearly con- tiguous; nostril much nearer tip of snout than eye; upper eyelids wider than interorbital space; tympanum distinct but small, about one-third diameter of - eye; discs of fingers and toes large, grooved about the inferior margin and usually with a groove along the diameter as well; disc of first finger smallest; first finger shorter than second; discs of toes all large; toes fully webbed; subarticular tubercles poorly developed; small inner metatarsal tubercle pres- ent; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching far beyond tip of snout when hind limb is extended forward; heels overlapping when legs are folded vertically to body axis; skin above granular; a glandular fold over tympanum, continued dorso- laterally to sacral region; belly, throat, and hinder aspect of thighs coarsely granular. Color (alcoholic specimen).—Above dark slate color; sides marbled; throat and belly pinkish white, faintly clouded with dusky; thighs (inside) marbled and flecked; a light spot beneath eye on lip; two other faint light spots on lip margin between subocular spot and tip of snout. Measurements.—Tip of snout to vent, 47 mm.; width of head, 20.5 mm.; diameter of eye, 7.5 mm.; diameter of tympanum, 2.5 mm.; foreleg from axilla, 35 mm.; hind leg from vent, 86 mm. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plate 12. Phyllomedusa nicefori, sp. nov., type (No. 11611, M. C. Z.). Fig. 1, dorsal view; fig. 2, ventral view. Plate 13. Bufo dunni, sp.nov. Fig. 1, male, paratype (No. 11077, M. C. Z.); fig. 2, female, type (No. 11076, M. C. Z.). Plate 14. Eleutherodactylus persimilis, sp. nov. Type, upper left-hand figure (No. 11598, M. C. Z.). 4 Puate 12. OccasionaL Papers Bosron Soc. Nar. Hisr., Vou. d. AMPHIBIA. EW ! i BARBOUR ON a 1 Nantucket Is., Mass., June 25, 1926, June 7-22, 1927 (C. W. Johnson). 301. Tricyphona paludicola Alex. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- delphia for 1916: 5388-540, 1916). Smugglers Notch, Mt. Mansfield, Vermont, altitude 2100 feet, in sphagnum bog, June 16, 1927 (C. P. Alexander). 302. Rhaphidolabis avis Alex. (Ent. News, 37: 50-51, 1926). Becket, Mass., in gorge, July 18, 1928 (G. C. Crampton). 303. Dactylolabis supernumeraria Alex. (Ent. News, 40: 46, 1929). 269 Bingham Falls, Vermont, June 18, 1927 (C. P. Alexander); Smugglers Notch, Mt. Mansfield, Vermont, altitude 2100 feet, June 15-20, 1927 (C. P. Alexander). 304. Limnophila (Phylidorea) adustoides Alex. (Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 22: 63-64, 1927). Amherst, Mass., at trap-lantern, July 18-19, 1928 (C. F. Clagq). Wings slightly darker than in the type. 305. Limnophila (Phylidorea) luteola Alex. (Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 22: 1138-114, 1927). Woodcrest Farm, near foot of Mt. Mansfield, Vermont, alti- tude 1000 feet, in boggy areas, June 17—20, 1927 (C. P. Alexan- der); Mt. Desert Island, Maine, June 20, 1928 (K. A. Salman). 306. Limnophila (Ephelia) sabrina Alex. (Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 24: 189-190, 1929). West branch of the Waterbury R., near Stowe, Vermont, June 14-29, 1927 (C. P. Alexander); Amherst, Mass., June 5, 1924 (C. P. Alexander); waterfall, near Winsted, Conn., June 9, 1929 (C. P. Alexander). 307. Limnophila (Dicranophragma) angustula Alex. (Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 24: 190-191, 1929). Orono, Maine, July 8, 1913 (C. P. Alexander); Mt. Desert Island, Maine, August 29-September 1, 1926 (C. P. Alexander) ; Amherst, Mass., altitude 275 feet, July 15-25, 1928 (C. P. Alexander). 308. Pilaria vermontana Alex. (Ent. News 40: 47-48, 1929). Woodcrest Farm, near Stowe, Vermont, altitude 1000 feet, in boggy areas, June 22-24, 1927 (C. P. Alexander); Manitic Lake, Conn., in bog, June 8-9, 1929 (C. P. Alexander). 309. Eriocera gibbosa Doane. (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 8: 193, 1900). Avon Old Farms, Avon, Conn., June 15, 1929 (C. H. Curran). 310. Gonomyia (Gonomyia) currani Alex. (Can. Ent. 58: 239, 1926). Becket, Mass., in gorge, July 18, 1928 (G. C. Crampton). 311. Gonomyia (Lipophleps) alexanderi (Johnson). Psyche 19: S912): Near Middlebury, Vermont, June 17, 1927 (C. L. Farrar). 270 312. Gonomyia (Lipophleps) sacandaga Alex. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia for 1914: 587-588, 1914). Near Middlebury, Vermont, June 17, 1927 (C. L. Farrar). 3138. Ormosia mesocera Alex. (Can. Ent. 49: 25, 1917). Mt. Mansfield, Vermont, altitude 3500 feet, June 16—24, 1927 (C. P. Alexander). 314. Erioptera (Ilisia) laevis Alex. (Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soe. 25: 1930, in press). Amherst, Mass., July 18, 1928 (C. F. Clagg); Chesterfield Gorge, altitude 850 feet, August 2, 1928 (C. P. Alexander). 315. Erioptera (Erioptera) ebenina Alex. (Can. Ent. 58: 237— 238, 1926). Manitic Lake, Conn., in cranberry bog, June 8-9, 1929 (C. P. Alexander and G. C. Crampton). 316. Erioptera (Erioptera) uliginosa, sp. nov. Manitic Lake, Conn., in cranberry bog, June 8-9, 1929 (C. P. Alexander and G. C. Crampton). 317. Erioptera (Erioptera) viridula Alex. (Can. Ent. 61: 20, 1929). Woodcrest Farm, near foot of Mt. Mansfield, Vermont, in boggy areas, altitude 1000 feet, June 20-27, 1927 (C. P. Alez- ander). 318. Molophilus paludicola Alex. (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 37: 57-58, 1929). : é Boggy meadows, near Amherst, Mass., altitude 275 feet, July 15-25, 1928 (C. P. Alexander). CRANE-FLIES OF Mount MANSFIELD, VERMONT, AND VICINITY. In June, 1927, Mrs. Alexander and I spent two weeks at Wood- crest Farm, at the foot of Mount Mansfield, highest of the Green Mountains. Crane-flies were exceedingly abundant and the complete list, as given at this time, adds no fewer than 72 species to those previously known from the‘State. Official altitudes of stations mentioned are as follows: Woodcrest Farm, A. J. Hous- ton, proprietor, 900 feet; Stowe Fork, 962 feet; Toll House, 1300 feet; Bingham Falls, 1400 feet; Barnes Camp, 1550 feet; Big Spring, 1803 feet; Smugglers Notch, 2162 feet; Lake of the Clouds, 3900 feet; Summit of Mansfield, Nose, 4000 feet, Chin, 271 4393 feet; Taft Lodge, 3700 feet; Half-way House, 2250 feet; Moss Glen Falls, 1000 feet. Tanyptera frontalis (O. S.). Smugglers Notch, June 16. T. fumipennis (O. 8.). Bingham Falls, June 18. Tipula abdominalis (Say). Smugglers Notch, June 18. T. angulata Lw. Woodcrest Farm, June 17; Bingham Falls, June 18-21. T. bicornis Forbes. Stream, Waterbury R., west branch, June 14. T. cayuga Alex. Woodcrest Farm, June 15; Bingham Falls, June 18-21. T. hermannia Alex. Woodcrest Farm, June 22. T. hinet Alex. Mount Mansfield, at 2100 feet, June 16. T. troquois Alex. Smugglers Notch, June 16; Mansfield, at 2500 feet, June 16. T. latipennis Lw. Woodcrest Farm, June 15; Bingham Falls, June 21. : T. longwentris Lw. Woodcrest Farm, June 15. T. monticola Alex. Woodcrest Farm, June 18; Mansfield, Chin, June 16. T. nobilis Lw. Bingham Falls, June 16-18. T. noveboracensis Alex. Woodcrest Farm, resting on boulders in Waterbury R., June 20. T. parshleyi Alex. Woodcrest Farm, along Waterbury R., June J7. T. senega Alex. Woodcrest Farm, June 15; Bingham Falls, June 18-21; Mansfield, 2000-2500 feet, June 24. T. serta Lw. Woodcrest Farm, June 15; Bingham Falls, June 18. T. strepens Lw. Woodcrest Farm, June 17. T. tephrocephala Lw. Woodcrest Farm, June 15-22; Bingham Falls, June 18-21. , T. trivittata Say. Woodcrest Farm, June 27. T. vicina Dietz. Woodcrest Farm, along Waterbury R., June 14. T. young: Alex. Woodcrest Farm, June 20. T. (Trichotipula) oropezoides Johnson. Woodcrest Farm, June 15-18; Bingham Falls, June 18-21; Mansfield, 2000-2500 feet, June 24. Nephrotoma euceroides Alex. Woodcrest Farm, Waterbury R., June 14. 272 N. ferruginea (Fabr.). Smugglers Notch, June 18. N. incurva (Lw.). Smugglers Notch, June 18. N. lugens (Lw.). Woodcrest Farm, Waterbury R., June 18. N. tenuis (Lw.). Woodcrest Farm, June 20. Dolichopeza americana Needh. Woodcrest Farm, June 15; Bingham Falls, June 21; Mansfield, 2000-2500 feet, June 24. Oropeza obscura Johnson. Woodcrest Farm, June 20. Oropeza venosa Johnson. Woodcrest Farm, June 15; Bingham Falls, June 21; Mansfield, 2000—2500 feet, June 24. Phalacrocera tipulina O. 8S. Woodcrest Farm, in bogs, June 18-20. Cylindrotoma tarsalis Johnson. Woodcrest Farm, June 14; Bingham Falls, June 18. . Liogma nodicornis O. S. Woodcrest Farm, June 14-22; Bing- ham Falls, June 18-21. Antocha opalizans O. 8. Woodcrest Farm, along Waterbury Re, dune 25; Helius flavipes (Macq.). Woodcrest Farm, June 17. Limonia (Limonia) cinctipes (Say). Smugglers Notch, June 16. iL. (L.) indigena (O. 8.). Woodcrest Farm, June 15. L. (L.) macateei (Alex.). Bingham Falls, June 18. L. (L.) pubipennis (O. 8.). Woodcrest Farm, June 15; Bingham Falls, June 16-21. LL. (L.) solitaria (O.8.). Along stream, near Stowe, June 14: Bingham Falls, June 21. L. (L.) triocellata (O. S.). Wooderest Farm, June 17; Bingham Falls, June 18. , L. (Dicranomyia) halterata (O. 8.). Moss Glen Falls, June 26. L. (D.) humidicola (O. 8.). (badia of authors). Woodcrest Farm, June 15. L. (D.) longipennis (Schumm.). Woodcrest Farm, bog, June 18-20. L. (D.) morioides (O. S.). Bingham Falls, June 16-21. L. (D.) profunda Alex. Woodcrest Farm, June 20; Mansfield, 3200 feet, June 16. L. (D.) uliginosa Alex. Woodcrest Farm, in bog, June 18-24. L. (Rhipidia) maculata (Mg.). Woodcrest Farm, June 15. L. (Geranomyia) canadensis (Westw.). Woodcrest Farm, June ie : L. (G.) rostrata (Say). Woodcrest Farm, June 17-22. 273 Pedicia contermina Walk. Smugglers Notch, remains in spi- der’s web, June 18. Tricyphona auripennis (O. 8.). Smugglers Notch, June 16. T. calcar (O. 8.). Wooderest Farm, June 15; Bingham Falls, June 18-21; Smugglers Notch, June 16; Mansfield, 2000-3000 feet, June 16-24. T.inconstans (O.8.). Woodcrest Farm, June 15-20; Mansfield, 2000-2500 feet, June 24. T. paludicola Alex. Smugglers Notch, June 16. T. vernalis (O. 8.). Bingham Falls, June 16-21. Amalopina flaveola (O. 8.). Woodcrest Farm, June 17; Bing- ham Falls, June 21. Rhaphidolabis (Rhaphidolabis) cayuga Alex. Mansfield, 2500 feet, June 16-17. R. (R.) forceps Alex. Woodcrest Farm, June 15; Bingham Falls, June 18-20; Mansfield, 2500 feet, June 16. R. (R.) rubescens Alex. Woodcrest Farm, June 15-19; Bing- ham Falls, June 18; Smugglers Notch, June 16; Mansfield, 2000— 2500 feet, June 24. R. (R.) tenuipes O.S. Woodcrest Farm, June 15-20. R. (Plectromyia) modesta (O. 8.). Woodcrest Farm, June 15; Bingham Falls, June 18-21; Mansfield, 2000-3500 feet, June 16— 24. Adelphomyia minuta Alex. Woodcrest Farm, June 15-20. Ula paupera O. S. Woodcrest Farm, June 15; Mansfield, 2500 feet, June 16. U. elegans O.S. Bingham Falls, June 16; Mansfield, 2500 feet, June 16. Epiphragma fascipennis (Say). Wooderest Farm, June 15; Bingham Falls, June 18; Mansfield, 2000-2500 feet, June 24, 3200 feet. Dactylolabis supernumeraria Alex. Bingham Falls, June 18; Smugglers Notch, June 16, abundant on cliff faces. Pseudolimnophila contempta (O. 8.). Woodcrest Farm, June 15-22; Bingham Falls, June 18-20. P. inornata (O. 8.). Woodcrest Farm, in bogs, June 17-22. P. luteipennis (O. 8.). Woodcrest Farm, June 17. P.. toxoneura (O. 8.). Woodcrest Farm, June 15; Bingham Falls, June 18; Mansfield, 2000-2500 feet, June 24. Limnophila (Eutonia) allent Johnson. Woodcrest Farm, in 274 boggy areas, June 20-22, in two instances hawked by Cordule- gaster dragon-flies but not caught by them; still other specimens found caught in spiders’ webs. L. (Phylidorea) adusta O. S. Smugglers Notch, June 18. . L. (P.) auripennis Alex. Mansfield, Chin, June 16, among stunted spruce and balsam. L. (P.) luteola Alex. Woodcrest Farm, in boggy areas, June 17-20. L. (Ephelia) aprilina O. 8. Woodcrest Farm, June 15; Bing- ham Falls, June 21. L. (E.) johnsont Alex. Woodcrest Farm, June 15, Bingham Falls, June 21. L. (E.) sabrina Alex. Waterbury R., near Stowe, on rank vegetation along stream, June 14. L. (Lasiomastix) macrocera (Say.). Woodcrest Farm, June 17. L. (L.) tenwicornis O. 8S. Woodcrest Farm, June 15. L. (Prionolabis) munda O. 8S. Smugglers Notch, June 16; Mansfield, 2000-2500 feet, June 24. L. (P.) rufibasis O. 8. Woodcrest Farm, June 15; Bingham Falls, June 18-21. L. (Dicranophragma) fuscovaria O. S. Woodcrest Farm, June 18-22; Bingham Falls, June 21. L. (Prolimnophila) areolata O. 8. Woodcrest Farm, June 15; Bingham Falls, June 18-21; Mansfield, 2000-2500 feet, June 24. L. brevifurca O. 8. Wiondcnest Farm, June 15; Bingham ee June 16; Mansfield, 3000 feet, June 16. 1D loneicola Alex. ronaiaect Farm, in bogs, June 17-22. L. subcostata Alex. Bingham Falls, June 18-21; Smugglers Notch, June 16; Mansfield, 3000-3500 feet, June 16. L. unica O. 8S. Waterbury R., near Stowe, on rank vegetation near stream, associated with Limnophila sabrina, June 14. Shannonomyia lenta (O. 8.).. Waterbury R., along stream, June 14-17. Pilaria stanwoodae (Alex.). Woodcrest Farm, in bogs, June 20-22. P. vermontana Alex. Woodcrest Farm, in bogs, June 22-24. Eriocera spinosa O.S. Woodcrest Farm, along the Waterbury R., June. 25. ' Elephantomyia westwoodi O.S. Bingham Falls, June 15. Lipsothrix sylvia (Alex.). Woodcrest Farm, June 17; Bing- ham Falls, June 18-21. 275 Gnophomyia tristissima O. 8. Moss Glen Falls, June 26. Gonomyia (Ptilostena) mathesont Alex. Woodcrest Farm, along Waterbury R., June 14. G. (Gonomyia) florens Alex. Woodcrest Farm, June 15. G. (G.) noveboracensis Alex. Woodcrest Farm, along Water- bury R., June 17; Moss Glen Falls, June 26. G. (G.) sulphurella O.S. Waterbury R., near Stowe, June 14; Woodcrest Farm, June 18—22, in bog. G. (G.) subcinerea O. S. Bingham Falls, June 16. Rhabdomastix flava (Alex.). Waterbury R., near Stowe, along stream, June 14. © Erioptera lista) armillaris O. S. Woodcrest Farm, June 27. E. (Mesocyphona) needhami Alex. Woodcrest Farm, June 18-20 in bog. E. (Empeda) nyctops Alex. Bingham Falls, June 16; Smug- glers Notch, June 16-18; Mansfield, 2000-3500 feet, June 16—24. E. (E.) stigmatica (O. 8.). Woodcrest Farm, June 15-20, in bog; Bingham Falls, June 18-21; Mansfield, 2000-3000 feet, June 16-24. E. ( Erioptera) chrysocoma O.S. Woodcrest Farm, June 17-22, in bogs. E. (E.) megophthalma Alex. Woodcrest Farm, June 15-17, in bogs. E. (E.) septemtrionis O. S. Woodcrest Farm, June 17-18, bogs; Lake of the Clouds, June 16; Mansfield, Chin, June 16. E. (E.) vespertina O. 8. Woodcrest Farm, June 17, in bog. E. (E.) viridula Alex. Woodcrest Farm, common in bogs and boggy meadows, June 20-27. Helobia hybrida Meig. Lake of the Clouds, June 16. Ormosia adirondacensis Alex. Woodcrest Farm, June 21; Bingham Falls, June 16-18. . dentifera Alex. Mansfield, 3500 feet, June 16. . deviata Dietz. Mansfield, 2500 feet, June 16. . mnocens (O.S.). Smugglers Notch, June 16 (C. L. Farrar). . megacera Alex. Woodcrest Farm, in bog, June 18. . meigenit (O. S.). Mansfield, 2500 feet, June 16. . mesocera Alex. Mansfield, 2500-3500 feet, June 16—24. . pygmaea (Alex.). Bingham Falls, June 16; Mansfield, 3500— 3800 feet, June 16. Molophilus cramptoni Alex. Mansfield, 2000-2500 feet, June 24. SiS3S59' S-SsS 276 M. forcipulus (O. 8.). Woodcrest Farm, June 17, in bogs. M. hirtipennis (O.8.). Bingham Falls, June 16-18; Mansfield, 2000 feet, June 24. M. pubipennis (O. S.). Waterbury R., near Stowe, June 16. M. quadrispinosus Alex. Smugglers Notch, June 16; Mans- — field, 3500 feet, June 16. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. Tipula maritima, sp. nov. Allied to 7. cunctans Say; antennae with the flagellum bicolorous, yellow and black; wings with a strong yellow suffusion, the costal margin more brownish yellow, not contrasting markedly with the remainder of the ground- color; male hypopygium with the median notch of the tergite narrowly U- shaped; outer dististyle expanded at distal end, the apex obliquely truncated. Male.—Length about 13-15 mm.; wing 14-17 mm. Generally similar to 7’. cunctans. Antennal flagellum bicolorous, the basal enlargement of the segments dark - brown, the remainder yellow. Head gray, median region of the vertex more brownish gray. Mesonotal praescutum gray, the three praescutal stripes a trifle darker, - their edges faintly bordered by darker brown; posterior sclerites of mesonotum ‘gray, the scutellum more reddish gray with a barely indicated median line. Pleura with the anepisternum dark gray, the sternopleurite more reddish yellow, darkened ventrally, the posterior sclerites of pleura more brownish yellow. Legs yellow, the tips of the femora and tibiae infuscated. Wings with a strong yellow suffusion, the costal margin more brownish yellow, not contrasting strongly with the remainder of the wing as is the case in cwnctans, obliterative areas conspicuous. Abdomen yellow, the tergites with a nearly continuous median black vitta extending from tergite one through seven; outer sternites with a similar black line; hypopygium pale. Male hypopygium relatively small. Ninth tergite with a relatively deep U-shaped median notch, this much narrower than in cunctans, the lateral margins narrowly blackened but nearly smooth. Outer dististyle narrowed basally, the distal end expanded, the apex obliquely trun- cated. Inner dististyle with the apical beak blackened, simple; blackened flange on margin of blade smooth, in cunctans conspicuously serrulate. Mesal margins of ninth sternite produced into a subtriangular pale blade. Habitat—Massachusetts. Holotype—Male, Polpis, Nantucket Is., October 8, 1925 (W. S. Brooks). Paratopotypes.—Three males, October 1-8, 1925 (W. S. Brooks). Type.—In the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. Tipula maritima is readily told from T. cunctans Say by the bicolorous flagellum, the strongly tinted wings with the costal margin only slightly darkened, and the details of structure of the male hypopygium. The present species serves to connect 277 cunctans with other members of the group, as ultima Alexander and tennessa Alexander. Tricyphona johnsoni, sp. nov. Entirely similar and closely related to 7’. inconstans (Osten Sacken), differing most SUMSLOUOUS Ey a in the structure of the ninth tergite of the male hypopy- gium. Wings narrower than in inconstans. Venation: Rs long-spurred at origin; radial field with adventitious crossveins, chiefly arranged in cell Rs where they vary in number from one to seven. Ninth tergite of the male hypopygium narrowed outwardly, the caudal end conspicuously narrower than the base, the margin gently concave. In inconstans, the caudal margin of the tergite is more deeply concave and produced into small sublateral lobes, with a smaller lateral incision on either side, the margin of the tergite fringed with delicate setae. Habitat.—Massachusetts. Holotype.—Male, Nantucket Is., June 29, 1927 (C. W. Johnson). Paratopotypes.—Numerous specimens, June 25, 1926; June 7—22, 1927 (C. W. Johnson). Type.—tIn the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. Trichyphona johnson is named in honor of the collector of the type-series, my friend, Charles W. Johnson, to whom we owe our greatest advance in knowledge of the Diptera of New Eng- land. Although very similar and closely allied to T. inconstans, IT have no doubt of the distinctness of the present form. The nature of the venation in the type-series of more then thirty specimens has been discussed in detail by Mr. Johnson (Psyche 34: 216-217, 4 figs., 1927). Erioptera (Erioptera) uliginosa, sp. nov. General coloration dull brown; knobs of halteres darkened; wings with a strong brown suffusion, more saturated in the costal and stigmal regions; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle elongate, expanded at apex into an oval blade; inner dististyle much smaller, simple, narrowed to a point. Male.—Length about 4.5-4.8 mm.; wing 4.5-5.3 mm. — Female.—Length about 5 mm.; wing 5.3-5.5 mm. Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae dark brown throughout. Head of male large; eyes very large, separated above, protuberant and contiguous beneath; in female, head and eyes smaller. Head dull brown, the orbits brighter. Mesonotum opaque dark brown, the praescutum almost covered by three more reddish brown stripes, the dorsum in cases more uniformly brown. Pleura gray. Halteres brownish yellow, the knobs brown. Legs with the coxae brownish gray; trochanters obscure yellow; remainder of legs brown, the femoral bases more brightened. Wings with a strong brown suffusion, more saturated in the costal and stigmal regions; veins brown. Venation: Fs 278 shorter than Sci; 2+3+4 a trifle longer than the basal section of R:;, the distal section of the latter thickened; vein 2nd A and outer end of second section of Cu strongly sinuous. Abdomen dull dark brown, Sains the hypopygium. Male hypopygium with the tergite extensive, the lobes obliquely truncate. Outer dististyle an . elongate smooth arm that expands at apex into a long-oval blade. Inner dististyle a much smaller simple blade that narrows gradually to a point. Gonapophyses appearing as strongly curved sickle-shaped hooks that narrow gradually to acute points, their margins smooth. Ovipositor with the valves yellowish horn-color, the tergal valves long and slender, gently upcurved, the margins smooth. Habitat— Connecticut. Holotype.—Male, Manitic Lake, in cranberry bog, June 8, 1929. (C. P. Alexander). Allotopotypes.—Female, pinned with type. Paratopotypes.—Fifteen males and females, June 8- 9, 1929 (Alexander and Crampton). Type.—Preserved in the ‘collection of the author. Paratypes.—In the Boston Society of Natural History and Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Collections. Aleoholic material in the collection of Dr. Crampton. Erioptera uliginosa is undoubtedly a Guenevere: bog-in- habiting species, associated in nature with other equally char- acteristic bog forms as Phalacrocera tipulina O. 8., Limonia (Dicranomyia) uliginosa Alexander, L. (D.) sphagnicola Alexan- der, Pseudolimnophila inornata (O. 8.), Limnophila ( Phylidorea) platyphallus Alexander, Pilaria stanwoodae (Alexander), P. ver- montana Alexander and Erioptera ebenina Alexander. It was formerly considered that the sphagnum bogs in northeastern North America supported a very restricted crane-fly fauna but this is certainly not the case. Many of the bog species are local and most species become more active at dusk, remaining con- cealed during the hours of bright sunlight. Erioptera uliginosa has the knobs of the halteres darkened, in this respect agreeing most closely with EH. septemtrionis Osten Sacken and LE. ebenina Alexander. It differs from the former in the strongly darkened wings and structure of the male hypopygi- um, as the simple inner dististyle; from ebenina it differs in the opaque mesonotum and very different hypopygial structure. In its general appearance, especially the coloration of the body and wings, the new species more closely resembles H. villosa Osten. Sacken, differing conspicuously in the darkened knobs of the halteres and the structure of the male hypopygium. \ VoL. 5, p. 279-284, JUNE 11, 1930. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. REDESCRIPTION OF ARMADILLONISCUS ELLIPTICUS (HARGER) WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF ITS HABITS. (ON ISOPODA- ONISCOIDA, FIRST PAPER.) BY CHARLES H. BLAKE. THREE definitely halophile land isopods occur in the Woods Hole region: Scyphacella arenicola, Armadilloniscus ellipticus, and Trichoniscus halophilus. ‘The first two belong to the family Scyphacidae, the third, which will be described elsewhere, to the Trichoniscidae. In 1878 Harger described a land isopod from near New Haven, Conn., under the name of Actoniscus ellipticus. Except for a few specimens from Bermuda seen by Miss Richardson, it does not seem to have been taken again until May, 1929, when I secured a few specimens at Woods Hole, Mass. In September I was able to obtain a considerable number and to make some observations on the living animals. Occurrence.—The specimens taken in May were on a stone near high watermark under wet, dead eelgrass (Zostera marina) and associated with them were T'richoniscus halophilus, Procellio scaber, and Armadillidium vulgare. Those taken in September were in windrows of well-rotted eelgrass just below high water- mark. They are most common on pieces of driftwood embedded in the mass and less common on stones and on the grass itself. _ They are found only in thoroughly wet situations. At this time their associates were a small, slim diplopod, a linyphiid spider and young P. scaber and A. vulgare. Habits —When a specimen in its normal habitat is disturbed the reaction varies. An occasional specimen will run away. Most specimens on a flat surface appress themselves to it and remain motionless. If turned over on the back, they remain 279 280 motionless for a short time, with the legs drawn in and the body slightly arched as does P. scaber. If further disturbed they will enroll. The enrollment is not perfect, there being a considerable space between the telson and the frons. If occasion demands, they can run rapidly and can turn over in a few seconds, when placed back down. The food of A. ellipticus consists of the dark brown organic detritus which covers the leaves of rotted eelgrass. Specimens submerged in sea water became immobile in about half an hour. They generally lay ventral side up. In some cases the motion of the pleopods ceased. One such specimen was placed on a dry surface and the attached water removed. It regained full activity in about five minutes. All the specimens which remained submerged regained normal activity in about one and a half hours. Thirteen specimens were placed in sea water on Sept. 11, 1929. The water was not changed during the experiment. Days elapsed Living animals remaining 1 12 2 9 3 5 4 2 15 1 18 1 19 0 Kighteen specimens were placed in fresh water on Sept. 14, 1929. Hours elapsed : Living animals remaining 4 16 8 7 9 5 22 0 Despite the ability of the animals to withstand a rather pro- longed immersion in sea water, they do not seem to voluntarily submit to immersion in brackish water. During September 14 a heavy rain flooded a brackish marsh (between the Copeland house and the Gardiner house). The next morning numerous A. ellipticus were found clinging to the sides of partially submerged rocks just above the actual water line and in an unnaturally ex- posed situation. 281 Well developed young were found in the marsupia of the females during the first half of September. Many half grown specimens were taken. Fic. Fie. Fig. Fie. Fic. Fria. Fic. 1. Armadilloniscus ellipticus, dorsal view of female. 2 ep Pras ap second antenna of male. 3. left mandible of male. 4. oe Fics 5 first maxilla of male. 5 ve 4 tip of endopod of first maxilla of male. 6 second maxilla of male. 7 maxilliped of male, distal portion. Distribution.—Armadilloniscus ellipticus is reported from New Haven, Conn., (Harger 1878) and Bermuda (Richardson 1902). I have taken it at Woods Hole (Bathing Beach and around Great Harbor) and at the head of Quisset Harbor. 282 Synonymy.— Actoniscus ellipticus Harger (1878, p. 373; 1880, p. 309, pl. ik ines, 3). . Armadilloniscus ellipticus Budde-Lund (1885, p. 239). Actoniscus ellipticus Richardson (1902, p. 303; 1905, p. 634). — Previously both Actoniscus and Armadilloniscus have been referred to the Oniscidae, the latter being assigned to a special subfamily Armadilloniscinae by Verhoeff (1918, p. 161). Recent- — ly (1929, p. 12) I suggested, on the basis of the mouthparts figured for Actoniscus lindahli (Richardson, 1905, p. 635, fig. 680), that Actoniscus should be referred to the Scyphacidae. This has since been confirmed by an actual examination of the mouth- parts of A. ellipticus (Fig. 3-7). Through the kindness of Dr. K. W. Verhoeff I received some specimens of Armadilloniscus dalmatinus, one of which I dis- sected, and have been able to assure myself that Actoniscus Harger 1878 is a synonym of Armadilloniscus Uljanin 1874. (See Verhoeff, 1918, Pl. 2, fig. 41-48, 50, and here Fig. 11). Description.—The figures given of Armadilloniscus ellipticus. (Fig. 1-10) will obviate a detailed description of the appendages. The pigment present is gray brown. The frontal and antennary lobes are plain colored, while the occipital region has white spots. The second to fifth segments of the antennal peduncle are colored dorsally, there is a basal white spot on the fourth segment and a distal white spot on the fifth. The epimera and a broad median band on the pereion are plain colored. The rest of each perional tergum is heavily spotted with white. The pleon is plain colored as well as the peduncles of the uropods except for a submedian white spot on each side of each segment and an ill-defined median white spot on the telson. The tubercles shown on the dorsum (Fig. 1) are-not mentioned by Harger but, in fact, he almost never mentioned the sculpture of land isopods. They occur on all other species of Armadillon- iscus. -In addition the terga, legs, uropods, and antennae are well covered with scales. 283 ANG ° rs S 10 il Fie. 8. Armadilloniscus ellipticus, uropod of male, ventral view. Bre. 9. i MH first pleopod and penis of male. HiGs 10% oY i second pleopod of male. Fie. 11. Armadilloniscus dalmatinus, second maxilla of male. Remarks on the family Scyphacidae.—Budde-Lund considered the Scyphacidae as close to the Trichoniscidae, which view has been followed by subsequent authors. The resemblance of habitus is very striking in some cases. Verhoeff (1917, 1928) has grouped the land isopod families in four tribes or superfamilies on the basis, chiefly, of the respira- tory organs. Through the kindness of the late Dr. Charles Chilton I have had specimens of Actoecia and Scyphax for examination in comparison with Scyphacella and Armadillon- iscus. The Scyphacidae, although they lack pseudotracheae (Weissk6rper), possess a water conductor (Wasserbahn of Verhoeff) between the endopods of the uropods and hence fall in the Pleurotracheata which includes, among other families, the Oniscidae and Porcellionidae. 284 The Seyphacidae are distinguished by the four-segmented flagellum of the antenna, the molar process of the mandible which consists of a low base and a tuft of setae, and by the lack of teeth on the tip of the inner lamina of the maxilliped. Their relationships are, on the whole, with the Oniscidae, and not at all with the Atracheata (Trichoniscidae and Ligydidae). The genus Armadilloniscus is sufficiently distinct to be set apart from the rest of the Scyphacidae, retaining the subfamily Armadilloniscinae Verhoeff 1918 and placing the remaining genera in the subfamily Scyphacinae. The first subfamily is distinguished by the tuberculate dorsum and the prominent frontal and antennary lobes. It also has the usual setose spines at the tip of the endopod of the first maxilla replaced by two tufts of fine setae. LITERATURE CITED. Buakgb, C. H. 1929. Notes on the wood-lice of New England. Bull. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 50: 9-12, 4 fig. BupprE-Lunp, G. 1885. Crustacea Isopoda terrestria per familias-et genera et species des- cripta. Havania: p. 1-319. HarcGeEr, Oscar. 1878. Description of new genera and species of Isopoda from New England and adjacent regions. Amer. Journ. Sci. (3) 15: 373-379. 1880. Report on the marine Isopoda of New England and adjacent waters. Rept. U.S. Comm. Fish. 6: 297-462, 13 pl. RICHARDSON, HARRIET. 1902. The marine and terrestrial isopods of the Bermudas, with descrip- tions of new genera and species. Trans. Conn. Acad. 11: 277-310, 4 pl. 1905. A monograph on the isopods of North America. Bull. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. 54: liu + 1-727, 740 fig. VeRHOEFF, K. W. 1917. Zur Kenntnis der Entwickelung der Trachealsystems und der Untergattungen von Procellio und Tracheoniscus. (Uber Isopoden, 22. Aufsatz.) Sitzungsber. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 1917: 195-223, 7 fig. : 1918. Zur Kenntnis der Ligidien, Procellioniden und Onisciden. 24. Isopoden-Aufsatz. Arch. Naturgas. 82A, Heft 10: 108-169, 2 pl., 3 fig. 1928. Uber Stenonisciden. 40. Isopoden-Aufsatz. Zool. Anz. 79: 58-64, 2 fig. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. Vou. 5, p. 285-286. JUNE 14, 1930. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. A NEW DEEP SEA FISH. BY NICHOLAS BORODIN.! Haplophryne simus, sp. nov. Specific characters.—Body short, ovoid, covered with nontransparent skin, forming a kind of balloon. Snout short, abruptly cut. Nostrils large, situated between eyes. The general form of the muzzle as with pug or bulldog. Lower jaw much produced, curved. Eyes large, its pupil situated asymmetrically. The position of the anus is also asymmetrical. P. 15; C. 8, four of these eight rays being bifid. Description.—Body short, 16 mm. long, without caudal; depth less than 21% times in the length, covered with smooth, not transparent, loose skin. Head high and long, 2/4 in body, with a depressed front, a short upper jaw and projecting lower Jaw. Hye large, oval, with asymmetrical pupil, its longer diameter five times in head. Snout short, four times in head. Its tip forms a short rostrum which bears two shortish denticles directed forwards. Nostrils large, two-thirds of eye, having form of an oval, cup-shaped depression, situated on one and the same crossline with the eyes; at the bottom of these depressions two elliptical olphactory apertures. The depressions are rounded with borders elevated over the surface of the cranium. Together with the eyes the nostrils form four holes, all directed forward; between them a rostrum at the top of a short upper jaw, below a much longer, curved lower jaw, both set up with depressible teeth, partly curved. Illicitum, if any, is not visible. Pectoral fins are of typical pattern for all pediculate fishes. Caudal long, four times in the body, with four ordinary and four other bifid rays. Dorsal fin is represented with three hair-like rays, situated close to the caudal. Anal, probably of the same shape, does not protrude outside of the balloon of the skin, and thus is invisible. Gill openings are found with difficulty. They appear in the form of a small spot, brighter than the surrounding area, below the pectorals. Still less conspicuous is a small anus (vent), situated a little below and behind the gill opening and asymmetrically on the left side of the body. Color of skin dark gray with some irregular bright regions. The skin is very loose, subjected to great extension and forming a kind of a balloon in which the whole body is included. It is marked with small pores only along the sides’ of the lower jaw. (Description from the type collected by C. Iselin in 1929, at Lat. 54° 50’ N.; Long. 64° 70’ N.). 1See Proc. N. E. Zool. Club 10: 109-111, 1929; 11: 87-92, 1930. 285 286 Dr. W. Beebe in a recent paper described a new species, Haplophryne hudsonius (Zoologica, 12, no. 2, 1929). Our speci- men has much in common with this new species, but differs from it in having differently shaped snout and lower jaw, eyes oval (not round) skin dully pigmented (not transparent) and some other less important differences. Vou. 5, D. 287-292. JUNE 14, 1930. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. REVISIONS OF TWO CENTRAL AMERICAN BIRDS. BY LUDLOW GRISCOM. THE present paper contains two more cases where the proper identification of a certain species in the Dwight Collection has involved an extended revision of other extralimital forms, based on material primarily in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, which institution also possesses the types of most of the new races diagnosed. THE Racss oF Claravis mondetoura (BONAPARTE). One of the rarest and most beautiful of New World Doves is Claravis mondetoura (Bonaparte). The very few Central Ameri- can records all come from the cloud forest in the subtropical zone, but the species is as yet unrecorded between Guatemala and Costa Rica, and in eastern Panama, though it will undoubt- edly be found in time. It follows, however, that like many other species of the same life-zone, it is broken up into isolated colonies, and when specimens from these various colonies are compared, trenchant differences are disclosed, even with very limited material. Years ago Salvadori and Salvin & Godman commented on certain differences between Mexican and Guatemalan specimens and others from South America. They were not interested in racial variation, and preferred to wait for Costa Rica and Panama material, before describing a second ‘species.’ Ridgway confirmed these differences, and recorded still others, but took no action, as his material was also faulty. Additional specimens merely serve to indorse these various racial characters. Thanks to the authorities of the Museums in New York and Cambridge, I have before me the largest and the most representative series geographically ever assembled. It is far from satisfactory, 287 288 however, and I suspect the existence of two other subspecies in addition to the ones described below. 1. Claravis mondetoura mondetoura Bonaparte. Type locality—Caracas, Venezuela. Range.—Mountains of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, a scant dozen localities in all. Adult male—Back, rump, and upper tail-coverts fuscous or chaetura drab; basal third of outer tail feathers black; axillars and under wing-coverts blackish brown, more or less strongly tipped with cinnamon. Adult female——F¥orehead and chin deeper cinnamon; upper- parts browner, less olive or gray, becoming strongly tinged with rusty on rump and tail coverts; relatively darker and more olive brown below; axillars deep cinnamon rufous. . Remarks.—The diagnosis of males is based on specimens from Bogota and East Ecuador in default of a topotype. The diagnosis of the female is based, however, on 3 topotypes from Merida. I note that two females from Colombia differ markedly from Venezuela specimens in being paler below, more grayish brown, and white in the center of the abdomen. When males can be compared, the Colombian bird may well prove separable. The female at least is a connecting link toward the west Panama form. Claravis mondetoura pulchra, subsp. nov. Type.—Mus. Comp. Zool. no. 109,178; adult male, collected at Boquete, 3000 ft., western Panama, March 27, 1901, by W. W. Brown. Adult male.—Radically different from Colombia and Ecuador males in being deep neutral gray even on rump and upper tail-coverts; axillars uniform very dark gray. (Three specimens). Adult female.—Forehead pale cinnamon, chin mostly white; rump and upper tail-coverts dark sepia, less rufous; much paler below, even grayer, with more white, than Colombian females; axillars blackish brown. (Two specimens. ) Claravis mondetoura umbrina, subsp. nov. Type.—Mus. Comp. Zool. no. 116,433; adult female, collected at La Estrella de Cartago, Costa Rica, Dec. 28, 1900, by C. F. Underwood. Adult male.—Resembling the South American rather than the Chiriqui form in being slightly fuscous above; axillars blackish as in all Central Ameri- can forms. (One specimen). : Adult female. —Quite different from any other form in that the underparts 289 are umber or clay brown, and the tips of the outer tail feathers are darker and browner, less grayish white. (The type.) Claravis mondetoura salvini, subsp. nov. Type.—Dwight Coll. no. 63,782; adult male, collected at Volean San Lucas, Guatemala, June 26, 1927, by A. W. Anthony. Adult male.—Exactly as in South American males ae abdomen and ventral area more extensively white than in any other race; outer tail feathers more extensively black basally than in other races; axillars as in other Central American races. (The type.) Adult female—Autoptically unknown to me, but judging by Salvin’s detailed description in the Biologia Centrali Americana, vol. 3, p. 256, it must be close to the West Panama form, in having the chest and abdomen exten- sively grayish and whitish. Remarks.—Mexican records must be allocated here provi- sionally, as no female exists. Nores oN THE Mexican ANT-TANAGER (Haba rubica rubicoides). According to Ridgway’s treatment (Birds of North and Middle America, pt. 2, p. 144-147) Habia rubica rubicoides (Lafresnaye) occupies most of southern Mexico and northern Central America, replaced by two closely allied forms in western Mexico and the usual pale one in Yucatan. In 1905 Bangs de- scribed an excellent form confinis from eastern Honduras, partial- ly connecting rubicoides with vinacea of western Panama. In 1927 Dickey and Van Rossem described salvadorensis from Salva- dor, another distinct race connecting confinis with affinis Nelson of Oaxaca. In 1929 (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 69, p. 427) Peters commented on anomalous specimens from Lancetilla, Honduras, which were nearer to rubicozdes instead of confinis, as might have been expected. It will be apparent therefore that material has been accumu- lating for many years, but no general revision has as yet been attempted. In studying the fine series of this species in the Dwight Collection some interesting facts have been brought to light, and one most unfortunate change in names may become necessary. The name rubicoides proves to be even more of a composite than previously suspected. It has been my good fortune to have available types or topotypes of every form involved. 290 Habia rubica rubicoides (Lafresnaye). Diagnosis.—A relatively small form; adult male with throat light vermillion, passing rapidly into grayish vinaceous rosy red, the gray tone and the rosy shade of the red the two important points, the gray wash strongest on the flanks and vent; adult female correctly described by Ridgway, generally ochraceous olive below, distinctly paler on the throat; wing of males 90-97 (93). Range.—With the type and a fair series before me, it is obvious that this form is confined to the hot lowlands of eastern Vera Cruz and will presumably be found in Tabasco, Campeche and northern Peten. It is the exact analogue of H. salvina littoralis (Nelson), and is very different from the form in the interior of Vera Cruz. 2. Habia rubica holobrunnea, subsp. nov. Type.—Mus. Comp. Zool. no. 233, 707; adult male, collected in Motzorongo, — Vera Cruz, Feb. 20, 1925, by W. W. Brown. Diagnosis.—Totally different from any other form in northern Central America; adult male with throat scarlet, passing to bright liver red on abdo- men, entirely lacking either gray or rose tones; adult female darker and browner above than any other form, almost uniform brownish olivaceous ochre below; size similar. Range.—I have examined twelve specimens from Precedio, Motzorongo and Orizaba, interior of Vera Cruz. 3. Habia rubica nelsoni (Ridgway). Diagnosis.—Similar to H. rubica rubicordes, but slightly smaller and duller in color; adult male a browner red above, the red of throat more flesh colored; female duller and paler. Range.—Outer two-thirds of Yucatan Peninsula, thus in- © cluding parts of Campeche and Quintana Roo. 4. Habia rubica confinis (Bangs). Tanagra ignicapilla Lichtenstein, Preis, Verz. Mex. Vé6g., 1831, p. 2 (Mexico, nomen nudum). Phenicothraupis ignicapilla Finsch, P.Z.8., 1870, p. 581, in text (Guatemala). Phenicothraupis rubica confinis Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18, 1905, p. 158 (Yaruca, Honduras). ‘ Diagnosis.—Adult male similar to Habia rubica rubicoides, 291 but larger, darker and more brightly colored; purer red, less brown or liver colored above; throat brighter scarlet; abdomen rosier, less gray; wing 96-102 (99); adult female slightly yellower, less brown below, the throat much brighter ochre yellow in marked contrast with chest. Range.—Yaruca, eastern Honduras (the type series) and 40 specimens from eastern Guatemala. Remarks.—The males of a beautiful series collected by Anthony in Alta Vera Paz in the Dwight Collection prove to be inseparable from the type series of confinis Bangs from eastern Honduras, and quite different from true rubicoides Lafresnaye. The females are not quite typical, however, approaching rubicozdes. It is consequently possible that zgnzcapilla Finsch should replace confinis Bangs, although the former did not intend to propose a new name. Finsch did not regard Lichtenstein’s name as a nomen nudum, and used it: as having many years priority over Lafresnaye’s rubicoides. He accidentally validated the name, however, by giving some comparative description and detailed measurements of a specimen from Guatemala. As a matter of fact eastern Guatemala is in the general region where three races of this Ant-tanager meet. A series from Secanquim is inseparable from confinis. ‘Two specimens from Sepacuite, however, are intermediates. One is rubicoides in color, but confinis in size. The other is rubscoides, showing an approach to nelsoni. Many old ‘Vera Paz’ trade skins examined are also nearer rubicoides than confinis. Three specimens from British Honduras (Manatee River and Cayo District) are nearest rubicoides, but two from the boundary line between British Honduras and Quintana Roo are nearest nelson. It is a fair presumption, therefore, that specimens from northern and eastern Peten will prove to be variously intermediate between rubicoides and nelsoni. The fact that specimens near- est rubicoides are known from Guatemala is the reason why I do not use ignicapilla Finsch to replace confinis Bangs. Finsch’s specimen measured 94.8 mm., and there is every possibility that it was an intermediate, nearest rubicoides in the modern sense. 5. Habia rubica salvadorensis Dickey & Van Rossem. Diagnosis.—Connecting confinis Bangs with affinis Nelson of 292 Oaxaca; adult male very close to confinis, but red of underparts slightly more pronounced, more vermilion, less washed with gray; female a pale and dull edition of confinis, strongly yellow on the throat like that form, but duller brown, less olive and ochraceous both above and below, giving a pronounced clay colored tone; while the male is quite different from affinis, the female must be very close indeed, and a comparison has yet to be made. Three males and four females from Lancetilla, Honduras have already been discussed by Peters (loc. cit.), but I cannot agree in referring them to rubicoides as here understood and delimited. The males are inseparable from salvadorensis, a form not avail- able to Peters last year, and the females are intermediate between confinis and salvadorensis. They do not have sufficient characters to describe as a new form, but the relationships of these birds are of obvious interest in connection with confinis, as Lancetilla — apparently is geographically intermediate between Yaruca and Guatemala. It is obvious that more specimens are needed from Honduras, and a better knowledge of the topography there. A series of nine specimens in New York from northeastern Nicaragua was referred some years ago by Miller and me to confinis. In the light of the facts brought out above, they should be critically reéxamined. Vion. 5, p. 293, JUNE 14, 1930. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. A NEW RACE OF POMATORHINUS RUFICOLLIS FROM SOUTH CENTRAL SZECHUAN. BY OUTRAM BANGS. Tue collection of birds made in Yunnan and Szechuan by Herbert Stevens while with the Kelley-Roosevelt Expedition, was intrusted to me for identification by the authorities of the Field Museum of Natural History. I have now finished with the collection and have written an annotated list of it, which will _be published at some future time. But one new form was found among Steven’s birds. This is a race of the very plastic Pomatorhinus ruficollis of which a number of Chinese forms have already been named. From all of those the present chestnut backed bird of south central Szechuan seems quite distinct. It may be known as Pomatorhinus ruficollis eidos, subsp. nov. Six specimens taken from Omei-shan, Shi-sha-shii and Sui-fu, Szechuan in October, 1929. : Type.—Field Museum of Natural History, Stevens’s original no. 1076; adult male. From Omei-shan, south central Szechuan, collected by H. Stevens, October 4, 1929. Characters.—Most nearly like P. r. styani Seebohm of the lower Yangtse Valley from Hupeh down stream and like that form with brown (not reddish) stripes below, the striping however, in the new form is a little stronger and darker. Differing from styani in the much deeper more chestnut color of the upper parts, the whole upper back in the new form being strong chestnut, paling out only on the rump. In styani there is a neck bank of pale chestnut, the remaining upper parts being reddish olive to pale olivaceous chestnut in marked contrast. Bill as in styant. Wing, 71, 72, 74, 75, 78, 79 mm. 293 4 ay ; ‘era ie ; ee . is Vou. 5, p. 295-300, pl. 16. Jury 25, 1930. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. NEW LAND SNAILS FROM TANGANYIKA TERRITORY. BY WILLIAM J. CLENCH AND ALLAN F. ARCHER. Tue following new forms herein described are based on material collected by Mr. Arthur Loveridge a few years ago dur- ing a trip in Tanganyika Territory, Africa. Euaethiops, gen. nov. Description.—Shells ovate-cylindric, imperforate, marked with axial striae ‘intersected by spiral granulations. Nuclear whorl small as in the other Achatinidae. Aperture elongate ovate. Outer and basal margins rather expanded. Radula of EH. loveridgei fan-shaped. Central tooth with sharp, pointed cusp; lateral teeth, provided with rather large basal plate, unicuspid; mesocone large and conic; entocone represented by sharp, lateral protuberance; ectocone a mere protuberance; dentine extending from entocone all along the margin of the mesocone as far as the ectocone; formula: + + 1 + 4. 50 Fic. 1. Radula of Euaethiops loveridgei, showing median tooth, first and thirtieth ateral teeth. Lung long, only moderately vascular both on the cardiac and intestinal sides, differing thus from the heavier venation of Limicolaria and Achatina. Pulmonary vein large as in the case of Achatinidae in general, and possessing large branches on the cardiac side. Kidney four times the length of the peri- cardium. Ureter enclosed and extending from the kidney to the rectum at a right angle. Stomach possessing a direct opening on side into kidney, some- 295 296 what as in the case of A. zanzibarica (dissected by the authors) and other members of the genus Achatina. It is, however, round and tumid instead of pear-shaped as in Achatina. Liver flat, leaf-shaped, as is typical of many mollusks bearing bulimoid shells. Genitalia are nearest like those of Limicolaria, but differ in several points. Genitalia simple, without accessory organs. Penis thick, moderately long, and curved downward very much as in Limicolaria, enveloped in rather thick sheath. Penial retractor, terminal, short, inserted through the sheath and merging with penis at distal end, inserted on the diaphragm as in Limicolaria. In Achatina the penis is almost straight and curved slightly backward at the distal end, while the retractor muscle in all species heretofore dissected is a branch from the right ocular band. Vas deferens entering the sheath at about two-thirds the distance from the base of the penis; very long, coiling more than half way around vagina before coming into juxtaposition with uterus, and enveloped throughout its whole length by thin transparent membrane. Fia. 2. Genitalia of Euaethiops loveridgei, showing penis with lumen partly removed (lower right) and uterus incised on oviducal side (upper left); E. d., albuminiparous gland; z, hermaphrodite duct of ovotestis; u, uterus; ov., oviduct; R. f., spermatheca; v. d., vas deferens; p. penis; r. penial retractor. 297 Duct of spermatheca quite long, being one-half times shorter, and flat as in A. panthera. Vagina short and oviduct only moderately long. Uterus large, long, and composed as in Limicolaria of a large sack of transtucent membrane filled with closely fitting, leaf-shaped saccules. Albuminiparous gland three sided, columellar, edge keel shaped and coming to a blunt point. Ovotestis short, granulose and bound tightly to the albuminiparous gland. Length of penis, 10 mm.; of vagina, 7 mm.; of oviduct, 11 mm.; of sper- matheca, 23.5 mm. Remarks.—Euaethiops differs anatomically from Limicolaria in the following points: a larger, thicker albuminiparous gland; a shorter hermaphroditic duct smoother above but heavily eranulose at its entrance into the spermoviduct instead of con- sisting of a long series of granulations as in Limicolaria; a large uterus; a wider, flatter and shorter spermatheca; a longer, more twisted vas deferens; a larger penis; and a much shorter, thicker penial retractor. _ The shell differs in having a more elongate aperture, nearly one-half the total length of the shell. The columella bends far backward instead of being almost straight and is truncate as in Achatina. The lip is marginate and expanded backward at the base. While the anatomy of Huaethiops resembles that of Limicolaria in the possession of a penial retractor, its radula is closest to the type found in Achatina. The shell has a truncate columella which serves to place it closer to the latter genus. Thus this new torm fails to fit into any of the previously described genera. In the recently erected genus Limicolariopsis there is a species known as L. kivuwensis Preston which bears a superficial resem- blance to H. loveridge: in that it has a slightly reflected lip. The columella. is, however, not truncate. In addition it has a sculptured embryonic whorl as in other species of Limicolariopsis. The aperture is likewise typical in being smaller and more ovate, and the whorls more numerous as in Limicolariopsis. A dis- section of Limicolariopsis kempi Prest, shows that this genus is anatomically the same as Limicolaria. However, the anatomy of L. kivuensis resembles that of EH. loveridgei in having a rather similar type of penis, but in all other respects, penial retractor, ovotestis, etc., it is entirely identical with Limicolariopsis and Iimicolaria. It is uncertain just what the true status of L. kivuensis is, whether it is a case of convergence or an inter- 298 mediate form. Were it not for the fact that the majority of its characters seem to resemble those of the typical forms of Limi- colariopsis, it would seem justifiable to place it in Huaethiops. The fact is that in shell characters alone, it is barred from that genus because of its untruncate columella and sculptured em- bryonic whorl, and must for the present remain in Limicolariopsis. << i = ANS MSS NN = IWIN f 3 MMII; Uf _Fic. 3. Pallial system of Huacthiops loveridgei, showing vascular system, pericar- dium, kidney, ureter, intestine and stomach (lower right). : The genus Huaethiops belongs next to Limicolaria, by reason of the anatomical resemblances between the two. It belongs after Burtoa and Achatina since its shell characters, such as sculpture, resemble those of the latter. Genoholotype, Euaethiops loveridgei Clench and Archer. Euaethiops loveridgei, sp. nov. Plate 16, fig. A. Description.—Shell, imperforate, ovate-cylindric, rather thick. Nuclear whorl dark mahogany red. Succeeding whorls with snuff brown ground color, ornamented with wavy or zigzag axial, bistre flames. Interior of aperture deep bluish white in the region of the outer lip, but further inside exhibiting the snuff brown color of the exterior, decorated by the same bistre flames. 299 Apex smooth, obtuse; succeeding whorls slightly convex, the first four slowly increasing, the fifth and final body whorl rapidly increasing down- ward. Suture somewhat impressed especially on the body whorl. From the second whorl, following the nuclear whorl to the termination of the body whorl or the aperture, shell entirely covered by axial striae, some deeper than others, and intersected at all points by rows of spiral granulations. Whorls 6-614. Aperture elongate-ovate. Outer and basal margins rather expanded down- ward, the expansion being most marked in adult specimens at the base. Parietal region covered by rather thin, almost transparent callus. Columella long, folded, bluntly truncated, and, when the shell is viewed from the left side, bent backwards to conform with the expansion of the basal margin. The shell differs from Achatina and Limicolaria in shape, chiefly as regards the expanded margin of the aperture, a feature peculiar only to parts of the genus Archachatina. It is rather more cylindrical than Achatina, which is usually elongate-ovate. Alt. Diam. Ap. length Ap. width 70.5 33 34.5 16.5mm. Holotype, M. C. Z. no. 58934 70 35 37 20 Paratype, M. C. Z. no. 58935 81} 38 37 19.5 Paratype, M. C. Z. no. 58935 Holotype—M. C. Z. no. 58934; collected in 1926 by Archur Loveridge, at Bagilo, Uluguru Mts., Tanganyika Territory, Africa. Achatina madaziniana, sp. nov. Plate 16, fig. B. Description.—Shell acutely ovate, imperforate, rather thin but strong. Nuclear whorl pinkish buff. All following whorls as far as body whorl having pinkish buff ground color. Beginning at second whorl from nuclear whorl and continuing to edge of aperture surface covered with rather straight, longitudinal, liver brown flames set apart at irregular intervals from each other, but tending to fuse together on the last fifth of the body whorl. Ground color of body whorl, cinnamon buff. Nuclear whorl smooth, slightly flattened. Beginning at the second whorl from the nuclear whorl and continuing to the aperture, surface covered with axial striae at first light, but on the body whorl becoming rather definite growth lines. These striae and growth lines are intersected over most of the surface by spiral lines set apart at rather irregular distances. These lines are obsolescent on the lower half of body whorl. From fourth whorl from apex to edge of aperture there is a series of rough subsutural folds. Whorls 7. Aperture acutely ovate. Interior trans'ucent, showing the color pattern . of exterior. Outer and basal margins very sharp. Columella long, almost ‘Apex of this specimen broken and worn. 300 straight and sharply truncate. Parietal wall almost completely lacking a callus. Alt. Diam. Ap.length Ap. width 87 44.5 49.5 23mm. Holotype, M. C. Z. no. 53185 76 40.5 43 22 Paratype, M. C. Z. no. 53186 Holotype.—M. C. Z. no. 53185; collected Feb. 1923, at Madazini, Tanganyika Territory, Africa, by Arthur Loveridge. Paratype.—M. C. Z. no. 53186; collected Feb. 1923, at Itende, Tanganyika Territory, Africa, by Arthur Loveridge. Remarks.—From the shell characters it seems well to place this species next to Achatina immaculata Lam. Neither the radula nor the soft parts have been available for examination, so that this designation remains somewhat tentative. Only two specimens are at hand, and the most adult one from Mada- zini is chosen as the holotype. The second specimen belongs to — the same series of material collected by Mr. Loveridge, and since it comes from the same region as the holotype it is con- sidered as a paratype. ¢ EXPLANATION OF PLATE 16. Fie. A. Euaethiops loveridget Clench and Archer. Holotype, M. C. Z. no. 58934. é : Fie. B. Achatina madaziniana Clench and Archer. Holotype, M. C. Z. no. 53185. ; OCCASIONAL PAPERS Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vou. 5. PLATE 16. CLENCH AND ARCHER ON NEw LAND SNAILS. el lesirs Sire eta Tate (geen Sa. Sn i Vot. 5, p. 301-315. . Avaust 8, 1930. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. NOTES ON PHYSIDAE WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. BY WILLIAM J. CLENCH. Wi.LuiAM TurTOoN (1807, p. 169) in his catalogue published a description of Bulla rivalis. According to Kennard and Wood- ward (1926, p. 99) Turton obtained the diagnosis and the name of this species from Maton and Rackett (1807, p. 126) in a paper which had been presented to the Society three years before it was published. Their locality citation is Hampshire, England. Both made the same reference to Chemnitz (1786, vol. 9, pl. 103, fig. 877-878) which is listed as Bulla fontinalis Linné. On the same plate two additional figures of Physa are given (fig. 879-880) with a caption of Bulla fontinalis Indiae Occidentalis. Hence the original diagnosis was assumed to be wrong by many subsequent writers and the species credited to the West Indies. Kennard and Woodward (1926, p. 99) have given a complete synonymy for this species, recognizing it as a British form. Unfortunately, however, they have included in their synonomy a large number of North American species of Physa with no reasons stated for so doing. It is quite impossible to understand why two distinctive species as Physa osculans and P. heterostropha should be synonymized under any European species of Physa. The non-recognition of B. rivalis Turton by British scientists as a local species seems to be fair proof that it has no value whatsoever and is at best only an ecological form of the well known European Physa fontinalis Linné. Adding this species to the synonymy of Physa fontinalis, does not mean that the list of synonyms appended by Kennard and Woodward (1926, - p. 99-100) to P. rivalis should be carried over at all. Many of their so-called synonyms are recognizable species. 301 302 Chemnitz’s name being non-binomial cannot stand. Sowerby (1822) lists Limnea (Physa) rivalis as ‘a species which has been admitted into the English catalogue, but we only know it to be found in Guadaloupe.’ Subsequent authors have credited rivalis to Sowerby on the basis of this work. The figures given by Sowerby are excellent and as this constitutes the first recogniz- able figure of the West Indian form (in lieu of any description), the species really dates from Sowerby, but the name, of course, must be tabled as a homonym. ‘The younger Sowerby (1873, species no. 31) also added to the confusion by quoting the earlier Sowerby, as to the name P. rivalis, but giving an entirely new locality, namely, Columbia River. This error was later copied by Clessin (1886, p. 331) who regarded P. rivalis as a good species, though elsewhere (1886, p. 281) he treats it as a synonym of P. sowerbyana, referring in both cases to the same figure con- tained in The Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells. The first available name for this West Indian form seems to be Physa marmorata Guilding. The synonymy would then be as follows: Physa marmorata Guilding. 1822 Limnea (Physa) rivalis Sby., Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells. London, Limnea. non Bulla rivalis Turton, British Fauna, p. 169, 1807; non Bulla rivalis Mat. and Rack., p. 126, 1807; non Physa rivalis Potiez and iviehawd! @alene Hes Mollusques, vol. 1, p. a pl. 22, fig. 21-22, 1838. 1828 Physa marmorata Enilding, Zoological ‘onal. vol. 3, p. 534. 1845 Physa brasiliensis ‘Koch’, Phil.-Conch. Cab. (2), vol. 1, Tis 1b 10s IOs jolly hy ime tikes. The distribution of Physa marmorata Gld. seems to be quite general as it is known from several of the Lesser Antilles and the northeastern part of South America. The following records are known (all being listed as P. rivalis Mat. and Rack.): Trinidad, (Guppy); Brighton, Grenada (KH. A. Smith); Antigua (Pilsbry and Brown); St. Thomas (E. A. Smith); Para, Papary Lake and Ceara-Mirim, all in Brazil (Fred Baker). This species is quite possibly a member of the genus Aplexa. Shell characters alone, however, are not sufficiently diagnostic 303 to render its exact determination possible. Irrespective, however, of its generic placement, the specific name will remain the same, as Sowerby’s rivalis was listed as a Physa. Fred Baker (1914, p. 661) records P. sowerbyana Orb. as a synonym of P. rivalis Mat. and Rack. A careful study of both figures and specimens separates these forms as quite distinct and demonstrates that P. sowerbyana is certainly a true Physa while P. rivalis (= marmorata), as stated above, is possibly an Aplexa. H. B. Baker (1930, p. 36) in a recent publication on Venezuelan Mollusea has treated Bulla rivalis Mat. and Rack. as an Aplexa and has considered it as a member of the South American fauna. The citation of Hampshire, England, as the type locality by these authors precludes any assumption that their species was any- thing else other than British. This form considered by Baker is apparently Aplexa peruviana Gray. P. rivalis Pot. and Mich. is a synonym of Aplexa peruviana Gray, the figures given by these authors being practically the same. The following synonymy is given for the Peruvian species: Aplexa peruviana Gray. 1828 Physa peruviana Gray, Spic. Zool. pt. 1, p. 5, pl. 6, fig. 10. Between Lima and Callao. 1838 Physa rivalis Pot. and Mich., Gal. des Moll., Paris, vol. 1, pl. 22, fig. 21-22, p. 226; non B. rivalis Turton; non B. rwalis Mat. and Rack.; non P. rivalis Sby. 1839 Physa peruviensis ‘Muhlfeldt’, Anton, Vereichniss der Conchylien welche sich in der Sammlung von H. E. . Anton befinden, Halle no. 1785.1 1845 Physa antoniit Kiister, Conch. Cab., vol. 1, pl. 17, p. 11, pl. 2, fig. 6-8. 1887 Aplecta carolita Jousseaume, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. | 12, p. 184, pl. 3, fig. 5. 1887 Aplecta martinidella Cousin, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 12, p. 262, pl. 3, fig. 5. (Nomen nudum referring to the figure of carolita.) !T have been unable to see this paper, but the same species with the name changed to P. antonii is described and figured by Kiister in the Conchylien Cabinet. 304 1930 Aplexa rivalis rivalis Mat. and Rack., Baker, H. B., Occas. Papers Mus. of Zool. Univ. Michigan 210, p. 36. An examination of several lots of Physa, distributed by local collectors as P. heterostropha acuta Drap. from southern Cali- fornia agree in description and figure with P. osculans Hald. described from Mexico. The name P. fontinalis acuta (Drap.) was first used by Hannibal (1912, p. 164) in an all inclusive synonymic grouping of the American Physidae. The name P. heterostropha acuta appeared later as a modifica- tion of Hannibal’s grouping. Hannibal’s work has no basis of fact upon which to stand. Haldeman first published P. osculans (1843, p. 29, pl. 2, fig. 11-13) with three figures. His figure 13, in the original diagnosis was said to probably be another species. Binney (1865, p. 83) - in error, considering Haldeman’s figures 11 and 12 to be P. heterostropha, assigned figure 13 to osculans. Fischer and Crosse (1886, p. 101) likewise noted the discrepancy in Haldeman’s figures, assigning a new name for figure 11 (conozdea), limiting P. osculans to figure 12, but putting it in the synonymy of P. mexicana Phil. and definitely assigning figure 13 to the genus Aplexa, the species probably being A. nitens Phil. A careful comparison of figures bears out these contentions that Haldeman’s figure 13 is Aplexa nitens, but in regard to P. osculans, this name has priority of two years over that .of P. mexicana Phil. Pilsbry (1891, p. 323) pointed out that P. boucardi C. and F. is also a synonym of P. osculans. The follow- ing is a résumé of the above, using Haldeman’s plate figures for the final assortment of forms. Physa osculans Haldeman. . 1843 Physa osculans Haldeman, Mono. Limniades, pt. 6, p. 20) polee2, fies ll: 1845 Physa mexicana Phil., Conch. Cab., vol. 1, pt. 17, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 3-4. 1881 Physa boucardi C. and F., Journ. de Conch., vol. 29, p. ’ 334; Miss. Sci. Mex., Moll. vol. 2, p. 102, pl. 30, fig. 44a, 305 1912 Physa fontinalis scuta (Drap.), Hannibal, Proc. Mala. Soe. vol. 10, p. 164 (part). Physa conoidea C. and F. 1843 Physa osculans Haldeman (part), Mono. Limniades, pt. GO pl 2h ties ae 1886 Physa mexicana conoidea C. and F., Miss. Sci. Mex., Moll. vol. 2, p. 101, pl. 39, fig. 8-8a. Aplexa nitens Phil. 1837 Aplexa suturalis Beck, Index Moll., p. 117 (nomen nudum). 1843 Physa osculans Haldeman (part), Mono. Limniades, pt. Gupl, 2, figs: iso eehysa qitens Phil. Conch. Cab. (2), vol: 1, pt. 17, p..5, jolly Ji, sees TZ, 1886 Aplecta nitens Phil., Miss. Sci. Mex., Moll. vol. 2, p. 88, pl. 39, fig. la—-1b. F. C. Baker (1926, p. 197) in a revisional paper on some fresh water shells proposed that the name Physella Haldeman (1848, p. 38) should replace the name Physa in North America on the grounds that the North American forms differed anatomically from the European. Baker emended Haldeman’s description, selecting the same type Physa (Physella) globosa Haldeman. An examination of the original specimens of Haldeman shows them to be materially different from any other known American Physa. As mentioned by Pilsbry (1925, p. 326) the nearest species in size and general form is that of Physa (Petrophysa) zionis Pils. Both of these species occupy very unusual habits. P. globosa is found on submerged rocks in the rapids at the mouth of the Nolachucky River in eastern Tennessee. P. zionis lives on the vertical canyon walls with algae in the seepage water of springs. This last species is from Zion Canyon, Zion National Park, Utah. The specimens of P. globosa described by Haldeman are adult and as stated above differ materially from any other . known form. For this reason Baker is in error in his use of the name Physella, which must be retained only for the single species 306 Physa (Physella) globosa, and not be used in the generic sense for many of the North American forms. The anatomy is still unknown, the two specimens of the original series are the only ones that have ever been found. Haldeman’s name Physodon (1848, p. 39) and its emendation ~ by Baker is untenable for subgeneric use as the main character for which the name was established, on the presence of columellar teeth, is not a constant character at all and at best can only be considered of specific value. An examination of several hundred specimens from one locality of P. microstoma the type of Physodon, shows this character to be present in only a com- paratively few individuals. Specimens of this species from other localities are entirely without the character. Anatomically, there seems to be no justification as yet, to split this genus into groups worthy of generic or subgeneric headings other than P. globosa and P. zionis. By this is meant - the forms that are normally associated with P. fontinalis (Linné) of Europe and P. heterostropha (Say) of North America. The elaboration of mantle digitations in Physa fontenalis (Linné) ‘does not, in my opinion, constitute sufficient grounds to separate all North American forms when this same character, though less developed, in the American forms is stated by Baker (1928, p. 409) to be ‘not constant enough to furnish criteria for specific determination.’ Emendations of previous names, especially when such are not based on the original material are prone to lead to serious errors. Observations made by different authors on the same material or the same species adds materially to the sum of knowledge, but assumptions with no supporting facts lead to trouble and confusion. The emendations made by Baker cannot validate these names when their establishment in the first place was based, as with Physella, upon a species, the shell of which is absolutely different from all other Physas and with Physodon upon a character inconsistent within the species itself. - The subgenus Alampetis was proposed by von Martens (1898, p. 368) the type selected being P. osculans Hald. (first species under this name in his monograph), though he specifically mentions P. ancillaria Say as belonging to this subgenus as well. The main character upon which this subgenus was erected was that of a smooth: surface as compared with a glossy surface as 307 exhibited by P. fontinalis. If such be held to be of taxonomic value, the species Physa gyrina Say could be classified under two subgeneric headings, as forms of this species, even from a single locality, exhibit both a dull and shining surface, due to the presence or absence of sculpture. This is also true of several other American species. With our present knowledge of these forms it seems best to relegate this name to the synonymy of Physa. If, however, the American forms must be placed in a different genus from the European for no other reason than that they happen to occupy two different continents, the name Alampetis would replace Physella Baker as it has twenty-six years’ priority. The names would then stand as follows: Alampetis v. Martens 1898, synonym of Physa Drap. Petrophysa Pilsbry 1925, as a subgenus, type P. zzonis Pilsbry. Physella Baker 1926, synonym of Physa Drap. Physella Haldeman 1843, as a subgenus, type P. globosa Hald. Physodon Baker 1926, synonym of Physa Drap. Physodon Haldeman 1848, synonym of Physa Drap. F. C. Baker (1928, p. 408) has stated in very broad terms the distribution of the family Physidae as follows: ‘Distribution: North America, Europe, Asia, East Indies, Africa, Madagascar, New Caledonia, Australia.’ Chamberlin and Jones (1929, p. 158) in their descriptive catalogue of Utah mollusks evidently obtained their information from Baker by stating the distribution of Physidae as follows: ‘A nearly cosmopolitan family absent, however, from South America.’ It is exceedingly unfortunate that the above statements are on published record. Such, general remarks are copied by z00- geographers and incorporated into papers dealing with the distribution of animals and inferences drawn which are not in accord with the facts. Representatives of Physidae are known from North America, Central America, South America, and the West Indies. They are also common in Europe and are possibly found across northern Asia. They are entirely absent from _ southern Asia, the East Indies, Madagascar, New Caledonia, and Australia. In Africa they are limited to the northern part, 308 which in reality is part of the south European fauna. ‘Thiele’s central African record is still open to question. The omission of South America by Baker was assumed by Chamberlin and Jones to mean that Physidae was absent from there. South America has a large number of species of this © family. Cockerell (1929, p. 379) has recently recorded that ‘New Caledonia is very rich in species of the genus Physa, and those I collected have a very ordinary appearance so far as can be seen from the shell . . . . One of the New Caledonian species, Physa ventricosa of Gassies, has been referred to Bulinus, which has nothing to do with true Physa.’ So far all New Caledonian forms investigated (both shell and soft parts) as well as material from other sources in the southern Pacific have proven to be Bulinus and not Physa. EK. von Martens (1897, p. 6) stated that all of the forms from the Kast - Indies and southern Pacific islands described as Physa were probably Jstdora (= Bulinus). Suter (1913, p. 610) in his manual followed von Martens adding several other localities as ‘areas from which the family Physidae is absent. Physa distorta Haldeman. Physa distorta Haldeman, originally described from Ohio, seems to be without much question the southern Huropean Bulinus contortus Mich. An examination of the types with specimens of B. contorta contained in the collection at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia shows them to be the same. The types are umbilicated as stated by Haldeman, a character not possessed by any known Physa. Haldeman also placed P. distorta in the subgenus Diastropha Gray (now a synonym of Bulinus) which had as its type Physa (= Bulinus) contorta Mich. 1840 Physa distorta Haldeman, Supplement to Mono. Fresh- water Univalve Moll. p. 2; P. (Diastropha) distorta Haldeman, Mono. Freshwater Univalve Moll., ‘Physa- . dae’, p. 35, 1848. 309 Physa hawni Lea. Physa hawnii was originally described from Verdigris River, JXansas. Under this name it has seemed to have remained entirely unknown. It has been known best as P. albofilata, a form of the same species from northern Arkansas. F. C. Baker (1928, p. 453) is certainly correct in placing P. albofilata in the synonymy of P. hawni. They are practically identical in all characters. Physa albofilata was never described. Named by Ancey, then communicated to Sampson, it was distributed as such for many years. The casual remarks about its affinities (Sampson, loc. cit.) cannot be construed as constituting a de- seription. P. hawnii is, however, quite separable from P. gyrina Say and should not be considered a variety of it as listed by Baker. 1864 Physa hawni Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1864, p. 115; Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. vol. 6, p. 165, pl. 24, fig. 84, 1866; Observations, vol. 2, p. 121, pl. 24, fig. 84, 1867. 1894 Physa albofilata ‘Ancey’ Sampson, Arkansas Geol. Surv., vol. 2, of Rep. for 1891, p. 194. 1901 Physa gyrina albofilata Sampson, Crandall, Nautilus vol. 15, p. 54. 1928 Physella gyrina hawni Lea, Baker, Bull. 70, Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. pt. 1, p. 453. Physa salina, sp. nov. Fig. 1 and 2. Descripiion.—shell sinistral, imperforate, rather large and elongate, medium heavy. Color, light yellowish brown. Whorls 5, rather flat; body whorl very large, nuclear whorl deep reddish brown and smooth. Spire produced. Aperture elongate-ovate, flaring basically. Palatal lip marginate. Parietal lip of only a thin callous on the body whorl. Columella heavy, twisted, and folded back over the inner side of the lip. Sutures very deeply impressed and sharply indented. Sculpture of very fine cross striae. Axial riblets oceasionally produced by the grouping of several very fine axial lines. 310 3 J 3 ° A 2 1 Fic. 1 anp 2. Physa salina Clench. Measurements Length Width Ap. Length Ap. Width 20.5 ill. 14. 6.5 mm. Holotype 22. WW. 14.5 es Paratype Ze isle 14. Uae . 19. 10. sy, hs ef Ail 10.5 13). 6.5 cs Holotype-—M. C. Z. no. 79387; collected at a brackish spring, Skeen’s Ranch, Promontory, Box Elder Co., Utah, in 1877. R. E. Call Collection. Paratypes—M. C. Z. no. 4239; data same as for holotype. Remarks.—This species is in all probability an offshoot of P. smithiana stock and can be placed after this species. Though slightly striate, it has nothing in common with P. virgata other than this character. P. salina is quite remarkable for possessing such straight sided whorls, and having very deeply indented sutures. This last character is not exceeded or even equalled by any other species of Physa known to me. Its straight sided whorls are quite similar to those produced in certain species of the genus Bulinus, especially B. contortus Mich. dll Physa plena, sp. nov. Fig. 3. Description.—Shell large in size, imperforate, sinistral, globose to globose- ovate. Color light brown to dark straw sometimes tinged with vinous on the body whorl. Whorls 5, convex, last considerable inflated. Spire produced, less so on juvenile specimens. Aperture large, ovate or ovate elliptical, not notable flaring basically. Parietal lip of a moderately strong deposit on the body whorl. Palatal lip thin, marginate. Columella whitish, rather wide, slightly twisted and inclined a little to the left. Sutures impressed, though not deeply, usually margined inferiorly, with a light yellowish straw line. Sculp- ture of moderately fine growth lines, irregularly spaced, sometimes body whorl strongly malleated. An occasional indication of cross striae. Varicose bands brownish red when viewed from within the aperture, yellow-straw from without. 3 3) 3 3 Fig. 3. Physa plena Clench. Measurements. Length Width Ap. Length Ap. Width 21. oe 14. 8. mm. Holotype 22.5 14.5 16.5 8. Paratype 19.5 13. 14.5 G8 uy 19. 13. 14.5 8. sf 18.5 12. 13.5 6.5 s 312 Measurements—Continued. Length Width Ap. Length Ap. Width 21.5 13.5 16.5 le Paratype 20. 12.5) 14. 6.5 ss 18.5 1%}. 14. 6.5 “4 18. 12.5 14. 6.5 = 18.5 11.5 1775 6.5 af 17.5 11. 13. 6. a 1), 11.5 15. 6. « 19. 12.5 14.5 Ths ¢ Holotype.—M. C. Z. no. 51850; and paratypes, M. C. Z. no. 51851, collected at Reed Spring, Centerville, Reynolds Co., Missouri, by P. S. Remington. Remarks.—A very large species, exceeded in size only among the east American forms by Physa parker: DeCamp. The type series contains the largest examples, though these are only slightly larger than specimens of this species from other localities. - This is an apparent offshoot of P. hawni stock and so far as known, is limited to the northern area of the Ozarkian region. Physa remingtoni, sp. nov. Fig. 4. Description.—Shell sinistral, imperforate, medium in size, rounded-elliptical. Color rather dark reddish horn, whorls 5, slightly shingled, well rounded. Whorl preceding body whorl decidedly convex. Spire rather short and obtuse. “Why 0) Fia. 4. Physa remingtoni Clench. 313 Aperture rounded-ovate, slightly flaring at the base, proportionately large for the size of the shell. Parietal lip as a very thin deposit on body whorl, usually margined by a fine hair-like line. Palatal lip usually labiate a little below edge, rather thin. Columella whitish, not twisted, inclined slightly to the left, terminating more or less gradually in the body whorl. Sutures only slightly impressed. Sculpture of numerous, more or less regularly spaced fine growth lines. Varicose bands yellowish externally, deep chestnut when viewed from within the aperture. Cross striae usually present but very fine, lacking in all juvenile specimens. Measurements. Length Width. Ap. Length Ap. Width Type 13.5 8. 10. 4.5mm. U.of M. Holotype 32663 135 8.5 9.5 4.5 - Remington Paratype 1668 13. 8. 9. 4.5 s 8 12.5 9. 10. On ate us 13. 8. 9. 4.5 U. of M. 32664 “ 13) 8, 9. 4. oy ee t2e5 8. 9. 4. a 13.5 8. 9.5 4.5 M.C. Z. es : 50964 13y. a) 9.5 4.5 is "Y 12.5 8. 9.5 4.5 rr, RG 13. 8.5 10. 4.5 Walker is 82647 12. 8. 9. 4.5 ss 1) 8. 9.5 4.5 ARW NES Seen g 12. 7.5 8.5 4.5 i > 12. 1 8.5 4 U.S. N. M. a 362881 11.5 7.5 8.5 4. * Holotype—Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, no. 32663; col- -lected at Round Spring, 12 miles north of Eminence, Shannon Co., Missouri, by P. S. Remington, June 7, 1925. Remarks.—A medium sized species, not readily associated with any other form. Its obtuse spire would seem to place it nearest to P. microstoma Hald. 314 LITERATURE CITED. Baker, F. C. 1926. Nomenclatorial notes on American fresh water Mollusca. Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. Arts, Letters 22: 193-205. 1928. The fresh water Mollusca of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 70, pt. 1, xvii + 507 p. 28 pl. Baker, FRED. 1914. The land and freshwater Mollusks of the Stanford Expedition to Brazil. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 65: 618-672. Pl. 21-27. Baker, H. B. 1930. The Mollusca collected by the University of Michigan-Williamson Expedition in Venezuela. Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 210: 1-92. Pl. 27-33. Binney, W. G. , 1865.. Land and freshwater shells of North America. Smithsonian Misc. Collections 143. ix + 161 p. CHAMBERLIN, R. V., AND D. T. JoNus. 1929. A descriptive catalog of the Mollusea of Utah. Univ. Utah Biol. Series Bull. 1, pt. 1, ix + 203 p. ; Ciessin, 8. 1886. Conchylien Cabinet 1; pt. 17, 430 p. CockERELL, T. D. A. 1929. The fresh-water fauna of New Caledonia. Science 70: 378-379 Fiscuer, P. H., anp J. C. H. Crosse. 1870-1894. Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans L’Amérique Centrale. Mollusea 2. 731 p. Pl. 32-72. Haupemav, S. 8S. 1840-1844. A monograph of the freshwater univalve Mollusca of the United States. Physadae. 40 p., 5 pl. Philadelphia: E. G. Dorsey. HANNIBAL, HAROLp. 1912. A synopsis of the recent and tertiary freshwater Mollusca of the Californian Province, based upon an autogenetic classification. Proce. Mala. Soc. Lond. 10: 112-211. Pl. 5-8. Kennarp, A.8., AND B. B. Woopwarp. 1926. Synonymy of the British non-marine Mollusca. xxiv + 447 p. London: British Museum. voN MARTENS, EpuARD. 1890-1901. Land and freshwater Mollusca. Biologia Centrali-Americana. xxvil + 706 p. 44 pl. 1897. Suss- und Brachwasser Mollusken des Indischen Archipeligo. Zool. Ergeb. Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien 4. 331 p. 12 pl. Marton, W. G., and THoMAS RaAcKETT. 1807. A descriptive catalogue of the British Testacea. Trans. Linn. Soc. (1), 8: 17-250. 6 pl. Piuspry,:H. A. 1891. Land and freshwater Molluska collected in Yucatan and Mexico. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1891: 310-334. Pl. 14-15. 315 1925. A freshwater snail, Physa zionis, living under unusual conditions. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 77: 325-328. Pl. 11. Pinssry, H. A., and J. BEQUAERT. 1927. The aquatic molluscs of the Belgian Congo, with a geographical and ecological account of Congo malacology. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 53: 69-602. Pl. 10-77, 15 maps, 93 text fig. Sowersy. G. B. 1822. The genera of recent and fossil shells, Limnea, 4 p. London: G. B. Sowerby. , SoweErsy, G. B. : 1873. Conchologia Iconica, Physa. London: L. Reeve and Co. Suter, H. 1913. Manual of New Zealand Mollusca. xxiii + 1120 p. 72 pl. Welling- ton: John Mackay. Turton, WILLIAM. 1807. British fauna. 230 + vii p. London: J. Evens. Vou. 5, p. 317-322. SEPTEMBER 2, 1930. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. A REVIEW OF THE RACES OF PICUS LINEATUSLINNE. BY JAMES L. PETERS. Ripeway in the sixth part of the Birds of North and Middle America admitted three subspecies of Ceophloeus lineatus from Mexico and Central America, viz. scapularis, semilis and meso- rhynchus, the characters of C. |. lineatus also being shown in the key. Cory (Cat. Birds Amer. pt. 2, no. 2, 1919, p. 457-459) ‘ recognized the four races characterized by Ridgway and added C. l. improcerus, named by Bangs and Penard the year pre- viously. In 1926 Chapman (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 55, p. 370) showed that C. fuscipennis (Sel.) was only subspecifically distinct from C. lineatus thus bringing the number of recognized races to six. In this paper I have recognized the six forms referred to, and in addition have set up leucopterylus of Reichenbach for the birds from the extreme northeastern part of the range of the species, and have described the race inhabiting north- western South America and Panama eastward of the Canal Zone. Ceophloeus lineatus. Specific characters—Male with entire top of head and nape crimson with a conspicuous occipital crest of the same color; rest of upper parts including wings and tail black, or brownish black; outer scapulars white on the outer webs and tips, partially so on inner webs, forming a distinct stripe; circumorbital and auricular regions slaty gray; anterior part of lores buffy yellow continued as a narrow white suborbital stripe onto the sides of the neck where it becomes greatly widened, extending as a broad white _ stripe out to the sides of the chest; malar stripe dull crimson; throat white, the central portion of each feather more or less widely blackish; foreneck and chest black or brownish black, sides of chest and posterior underparts white or buffy, sometimes regularly barred with blackish bars of varying width, sometimes obsoletely barred or spotted. Basal half of inner webs (includ- ing shafts) of primaries and secondaries pale buffy yellow, lemon yellow or yellowish white, deeper on the inferior surface. Bill, 317 318 yellowish white, horn color, or dusky. Wing 167-200 mm.; bill 35-45 mm. Female, similar to the male but malar stripe slaty black and with pileum (but not the crest) black, auricular patch darker. Wing 170-197 mm.; bill 34-43 mm. Coephloeus lineatus scapularis (Vigors). Picus scapularis Vigors, Zool. Journ. 4, 1829, p. 354, San Blas (Nayarit), Mexico. Subspecific characters.—Subocular and subauricular stripe indistinct or obsolete (except buffy loral portion); ground color of posterior underparts buffy whitish, paler on sides, regularly barred with blackish brown; basal portion of flight quills pale buffy; streaking on throat black and white in about equal amounts; bill whitish or pale horn color. Size small. 1 male, wing 172 mm., bill 35.5 mm.; 1 female, wing 171 mm., bill 34 mm. . Specimens examined.—1 male and 1 female from Alamos, southern Sonora. Range.—Western Mexico from southern Sonora south to - western Oaxaca. Ceophloeus lineatus leucopterylus (Reichenbach). Campephilus lineatus var. ?c. leucopterylus Reichenbach, Handb. Scans. Picinae, 1854, p. 392, pl. 647, fig. 4319, 4320. (Mexico.) Subspecific characters.—Similar to C. l. scapularis but sub- ocular and auricular stripe well developed; ground color of posterior under parts averaging more buffy; basal portion of flight quills much deeper buff. Size larger. Wing, 12 males, 177-189 (184) mm.; bill 37—40.5 (38.9) mm. Wing, 7 females, 169-185. (178.4) mm.; bill 34.5-37 (36.1) mm. Specimens examined.—12 males and 7 females from State of Tamaulipas (Ciudad Victoria, Tampico, Altamira, Santa Leonor, Rio Martinez, Cafion Guiaves, Rio Santa Engracia). Range.—Southern Tamaulipas and probably adjacent portions of San Luis Potosi, Nuevo Leon and Vera Cruz. Remarks.—Ridgway declined to recognize a race of Ceophloeus 1 Ridgway (Birds No. and Mid. Amer., pt. 6, 1914, p. 148) states that this color varies with the age of the specimen and freshness of plumage; this is trué, but in some races this color is deeper than in others. 319 lineatus from northeastern Mexico because of the lack of any other character in addition to that of size; the mensural character along however is sufficiently great to be of subspecific value. I believe that Reichenbach’s name as cited must apply to this large northern race. ‘There is no trouble in reconciling most of his measurements in inches and lines with the dimension in millimeters given here. I have omitted his detailed bill measure- ments because of the uncertainty of how they were taken; his tail measurements also can only be approximated. His wing of 7” 4’ Gf in Pied du Roi) corresponds to 183 mm. (191.5 mm. if in Rhineland foot), the tarsus, 1’’ 2’’’, about the maxi- mum for Tamaulipas birds, I measure 1’’ 1” ’ to 1” 1384’ ’, the measurements for the toes and claws being duplicated in Tamaulipas birds. Campephilus leucorhamphus Reichenbach is a synonym of Picus similis Lesson as will be shown under the next subspecies. Ceophloeus lineatus similis (Lesson). Picus similis Lesson, Compl. Oeuvr. Buffon, 20, 1847, p. 204 (San Carlos, Republic of Central America =Salvador). Subspecific characters—Similar in color to C. l. leucopterylus; when seen in series perhaps a little less buffy below and less distinctly barred. Size smaller. 17 males, wing 167-180 (174.5) mm.; bill 35-41 (88.7) mm. 12 females, wing 170-179 (173.4) mm.; bill 34-39 (37.1) mm. Specimens examined.—Mexico: Vera Cruz: Antigua, 1 female; Oaxaca: Chivela, 2 males, Lagunas, 1 female;,Tapanatepec, 1 male, Sta. Efigenia, 1 male; Yucatan: Chichen Itza, 1 male, 1 female; San Felipe, 1 female; Quintana Roo: Camp Mengel, 1 female. British Honduras: Belize,1 female. Guatemala: Motagua River, 1 male; Progreso, 1 male, 1 female; Seeanquim, 1 female; Finea Cipres, 1 male; Finca Carolina, 1 male; Hacienda Cali- fornia, 1 male. Honduras: Lancetilla, 1 male; Le Ceiba, 1 male; Yaruca, 1 male, 1 female; boundary between Honduras and Nicaragua 180 miles from the Pacific Coast, 2 males. Costa Rica: Tenorio, 1 female; Bolson, 2 males, Barranca Punta Arenas, 1 female. Range.—Southeastern Mexico in the lowlands at least from Central Vera Cruz and southeastern Oaxaca south through Cen- tral America to northwestern Costa Rica. 320 Specimens listed from Oaxaca show an approach to scapularis in the somewhat paler buff underwing; birds from northwestern Costa Rica average larger than specimens from the rest of the range, thus approaching mesorhynchus. Remarks.—Campephilus leucorhamphus Reichenbach (Handb. Scan. Picinae, 1854, p. 393, pl. 648, figs. 4327, 4328, Mexico) is without much doubt referable to this subspecies. Using the measurement as in the foregoing race Reichenbach’s wing of 6’’ 9” ’ equals 168 mm., if in Pied du Roi, or 176.3 mm. if in Rhineland measurement. Ceophloeus lineatus mesorhynchus Cabanis and Heine. Ceophloeus mesorhynchus Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein. pt. 4, © heft 2, 1863, p. 86 (Costa Rica). Subspecific characters—Similar to C. 1. similis but ground color of posterior underparts more brownish buff, the dark marking on that part of the body generally reduced to obsolete bars or spots; underwing slightly paler buff; bill blackish or bluish-black. Size averaging very slightly larger. 6 males, wing 172-181 (175.6) mm.; bill 36-42 (39.5) mm. 4 females, wing 174.5-184 (179.1) mm.; bill 36-39 (37.5) mm. Specimens examined.—Costa Rica: Paso Real, 1 male; Pozo Azul, 1 female; Boruca, 1 male, 1 female; Pozo del Rio Grande, 1 male, 1 female; El General, 1 male, 1 female. Panama: Almi- rante, 1 male, 1 female; Chiriquicito, 1 male. Range.—Costa Rica (except northwestern portion); western Panama. : ; Remarks.—This race is readily distinguished from the other Mexican and Central American forms by its dark bill (nearly black in skins). From the other dark-billed races occurring from the Canal Zone to Peru and eastern Brazil it may be told by its buff (rather than pale yellow or yellowish white) basal underwing surface, and generally by its smaller size. The speci- men from Chiriquicito is intermediate between mesorhynchus and examples from the Canal Zone of the next form. Ceophloeus lineatus nuperus, subsp. nov. Type.—Museum of Comparative Zoology no. 105969; adult male from La Concepcion, 3000 feet, Santa Marta, Colombia, collected February 13, 1899 by W. W. Brown. 321 Subspecific characters—Similar to C. l. mesorhynchus Cabanis and Heine, but posterior underparts barred, giving a squamate appearance; pale under- side of wings pale yellowish white instead of buffy. This form differs from scapularis in having a well developed white subocular stripe, pale yellow instead of buff underwing basal surface, dark (instead of white) bill and slightly larger size. From C. l. leucopterylus it differs chiefly in pale yellowish white (instead of buff) underwing lining; dark (instead of white) bill and much smaller size. From C. l. similis it differs in the same respects as it does from leucopterylus, but is nearly the same size. From C. 1. lineatus it differs in being more heavily streaked with black on the throat, in having the posterior underparts more broadly barred with black, with pale ground color more washed with buff and in being smaller. Nwperus differs from improcerus in being much more broadly barred and more buffy on the posterior underparts and being a deeper shade of yellowish white on the undersurface of the wings. It may be distinguished at a glance from C. 1. fuscipennis by reason of the blackish shade of the plumage and black shafts on the wing and tail feathers, fuscipennis having the plumage washed with brownish, the shafts of the quills being distinctly brown. Nuperus requires no comparison with the very different C. erythrops which is specifically distinct and which lacks the white scapular bar. Of the other two species in the genus, schulzi and galeatus, the former is entirely black below, and the latter has an unstreaked buff throat, completely barred underparts, and buff (instead of black) back, rump, and upper tail coverts. Measurements.—10 males, wing 172-183 (177) mm.; bill 35—40.5 (38.6) mm. 2 females, wing 182-184 (183) mm.; bill 38.5-39 (38.75) mm. Range.—Panama from the ‘Canal Zone southward, Colom os west of the eastern Andes; the Santa Marta region. Specimens eiainined. Panama: Canal Zone, 3 males, 1 female; Darien, 2 males. Colombia: Rio Cauca, Guabinas, 1 male; Santa Marta Region, 4 males, 1 female. Ceophloeus lineatus lineatus (Linné). Picus lineatus Linné, Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 174 (Cay- enne). Subspecific cheneolars —Similar to C. l. nuperus but throat less heavily streaked, as a rule the white, greatly predominating; ground color of posterior underparts white, washed with yellowish ' buff; the bars broad, well defined and black with no trace of brown; base of lower mandible usually pale bluish horn. Size large. 9 males, wing 177-200 (189.8) mm.; bill 38-45 (41.9) mm. 5 females, wing 185-197 (188.8) mm.; bill 35-38 (37.1) mm. Specimens examined.—Colombia: Villavicenio, 1 male. Vene- ‘guela: Trinidad, 1 male. Surinam: vicinity of Paramaribo, 6 males, 4 females. Peru: Perico, 1 male, 1 female. 322 Range.—Eastern Colombia to the Guinanas and south to Amazonian Peru and northwestern Brazil. Eastern and southern limits not known. MHargitt records specimens in the British Museum from Chapada and Corumba, Matto Grosso; it has also been recorded from the Rio Pileomayo. Birds from the ~ southern localities may represent still another race. Remarks.—Surinam birds may be regarded as topotypical of the subspecies. Compared with them the Trinidad specimen is small, having a wing of only 177 mm., in color characters it agrees well with Surinam birds and is doubtless referable to the same form. The pair from Perico have the large size of the typical birds, but the posterior underparts are suggestive of | the mesorhynchus type of marking. ; Ceophloeus lineatus improcerus Bangs and Penard. Ceophloeus lineatus improcerus Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. - Comp. Zool. 62, no. 2, 1918, p. 58 (Bahia. Based on four Bahia ‘trade skins.’). Subspecific characters.—Similar to C. l. lineatus Linné but ground color of posterior underparts usually pure white and black bars rather narrower; smaller. Measurements.—2:' males, wing 173-174 mm.; bill 38.5-42 mm. 2 females, wing 172-183 mm.; bill 35-38 mm. Range.—Bahia, and probably other parts of eastern Brazil; limits not known. Ceophloeus lineatus fuscipennis (Sclater). Dryocopus fuscipennis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 286 (Babahoyo, Ecuador). Subspecific characters.—Similar to C. l. mesorhynchus, but the black parts of the plumage, particularly the breast, wings, and tail, decidedly brownish black; shafts of wing and tail feathers brown, paler than the quills. | Measurements.—2 males, wing 171-184 mm.; bill 39-40 mm. 1 female, wing 173 mm.; bill 39 mm. Specimens examined.—Ecuador: Daule, 1 male, 1 female; San Jose, 1 female. Range.—Western Ecuador and northwestern Peru. Vou. 5, p. 323-324. SEPTEMBER 2, 1930. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. NOTES ON SHEPPARDIA CYORNITHOPSIS WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW RACE. BY HERBERT FRIEDMANN:.! Tue little aberrant thrushes sometimes known as akalats are searce birds in collections, and their racial forms are conse- quently poorly understood. In the second part of his Systema Avium Aethiopicarum Sclater (1930, p. 477) lists three races of Sheppardia cyornithopsis and mentions a Nyasaland bird in another genus as Alethe sharpei (p. 480). This last is, however, not an Alethe, but a race of Sheppardia cyornithopsis. Sclater’s arrangement of Alethe is unfortunate as it contains not only a Sheppardia, but two forms (poliothorax and polioparea) that are not even thrushes, but babblers of the genus Jlladopsis. Sheppardia cyornthopsis ranges from Cameroon across the Belgian Congo to Uganda and southwestern Kenya Colony, and also occurs in the Nyika Plateau, north of Lake Nyasa. Between the last named locality and the Lumbwa country in south- western Kenya Colony the species was not known to exist. Consequently, it was rather surprising to find that Loveridge had obtained three specimens of this species in the Uluguru Mountains. These appear to represent an undescribed form, which I take pleasure in naming after the distinguished ornith- ologist of Harvard University, to whom I am indebted for the privilege of studying the splendid Tanganyikan material under his care. Sheppardia cyornithopsis bangsi, subsp. nov. Type.—Museum of Comparative Zoélogy no. 134507; adult male, collected in the Uluguru Mountains, Tanganyika Territory, May 28, 1921, by Arthur Loveridge. Subspecific Characters.—Somewhat intermediate between sharpei of the Nyika Plateau and aequatorialis of Uganda and southwestern Kenya Colony. It agrees with the former in having wide white superciliaries, and the whole 1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 323 324 of the abdomen (except the sides and flanks) white; and agrees with aequator- ialis in the ochraceous wash of the orange-tawny of the throat and breast; differs from both in being slightly more greenish olive (less brownish olive) above; tail longer than in sharpez (51 mm. as against 45 mm. in sharpet). Range.—Known only from the Uluguru Mountains. Remarks.—The races of Sheppardia cyornithopsis are as follows: 1. S. c. cyornithopsis (Sharpe). Found in the rain forest of Cameroon. 2. S. c. lopezi (Alexander). This is said by Sclater (loc. cit.) to inhabit the Uele, Ituri, and Semliki districts of the Belgian Congo. Similar to the nominate form, but the sides and flanks less reddish, more brownish. : 3. S. c. aequatorialis (Jackson). This form occurs from the mountain forests west of Lake Albert, east through Uganda to Mt. Elgon, Kakamega-Kaimosi, and the Lumbwa country, southwestern Kenya Colony. This race resembles lopezi, but has the underparts more ochraceous and the white abdominal area considerably more restricted in size. I do not know if the birds of the Kivu district are aequatorialis - as indicated by Sclater. Gyldenstlope (Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handlngr., 1924, p. 159) refers a bird from the Kivu region to this race with the comment that when more material from there becomes available, the Kivu birds may prove to be a distinct form. 4. S.c. sharper (Shelley). A race known only from the unique type, taken on Masisi Hill, Nyika Plateau, north of Lake Nyasa. This form differs from all the above in having rather wide white superciliaries and a black loreal spot; tail 45 mm. 5. S. c. bangst Friedmann. From the Uluguru Mountains. Similar to sharpe: in having wide white superciliaries and a black loreal spot, and in the extent of the white abdominal area; otherwise similar to aequatorzalis; tail 51 mm. An immature female of bangs: resembles the adults, but has tawny orange terminal shaft stripes on the feathers of the forehead and crown. Vou. 5, p. 325-326. : SEPTEMBER 2, 1930. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. A ROCK THRUSH NEW TO SCIENCE FROM NORTHERN KENYA COLONY. * BY HERBERT FRIEDMANN! AmonG the isolated mountain masses of eastern Africa few that have been so little worked have yielded as.many endemic forms as have the Uraguess—Lololokui peaks. The distinctness of their avifauna is so marked that as experienced a worker as van Someren (Nov. Zool. 29, 1922, p. 49) in discussing the races of the Turaco, Turacus hartlaubi, was willing to admit the dis- tinctness of a race from Uraguess without having seen any material, ‘. . . . because the avifauna of that district is most remarkable.’ The rock thrush described in this paper is the latest addition to the earn fauna of this interesting mountain area. Petrophila rufocinerea tenuis, subsp. nov. Type.—United States National Museum no. 217733; adult male, collected at the summit (6,000 feet) of Mt. Lololokui, on September 15, 1911, by Edmund Heller. Subspecific characters—Generally paler, especially on the breast and abdomen, than either the nominate form or the southwestern Arabian race, sclateri; the dark tips of the rectrices as in sclateri, 10-13 mm. wide. Range.—Known only from the type locality. Remarks.—In his description of sclateri (Nov. Zool. 24, 1917, pp. 459-460) Hartert writes that there,‘. . . . isprobablya third race in East Africa. A male collected by William Doherty on the: Escarpment, Kikuyu Mountains, has the brown on the inner web of the outer rectrices nearly 15 mm. wide, and a wing of about 90 mm. A female from the same place has also rather much brown on the lateral rectrices, while two young females are rather brown on the upperside. More material will very likely show the Kikuyu bird to belong to a third subspecies, 1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 325 326 for it can hardly be the Arabian form, and its habitat is also far away from Abyssinia and north Somaliland.’ Van Someren (loc. cit., p. 241) obtained two birds at Naivasha which agreed with the Arabian form, but not with Doherty’s birds. He raises the question as to whether sclateri may not — be migratory. I have seen no material from southern Kenya Colony and therefore cannot say much about either Doherty’s or van Someren’s birds. However, experience with other birds would lead me to feel that their birds may be a fourth race, but hardly the same as those inhabiting the Uraguess-Lololokui area. For one thing, the paler coloration is so uniform in the three birds from the latter region that Hartert would have noted . it, had it been present in Doherty’s Kikuyu series. Material examined.—Petrophila rufocinerea rufocinerea: 2 adult males, 4 adult females, 1 immature male, all from Ethiopia; Petrophila rufocinerea tenuis: 1 adult male, 2 adult females, from - Mount Lololokui. Vou. 5, p. 327-328. : SEPTEMBER 2, 1930. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. THE FORMS OF THE WHITE-BROWED ROBIN-CHAT, COSSYPHA HEUGLINI HARTLAUB. . BY HERBERT FRIEDMANN:! Tue treatment of the forms of the White-browed Robin-chat in Sclater’s Systema Avium Aethiopicarum (pt. 2, 1930, p. 470— 471) is incomplete and, as far as the material examined by me is concerned, inaccurate. He lists three races; I recognize five, one of which is new at this point. The new one is the most southeastern of the five and extends the known range of the species southward along the coast for about 500 miles beyond the limits given by Sclater. It may be known as Cossypha heuglini euronota, subsp. nov. Type-—Museum of Comparative Zoology no. 134467; adult female, col- lected at Lumbo, Mozambique, on July 17, 1918, by Arthur Loveridge. Subspecific characters.—Similar to intermedia of coastal Kenya Colony, but much more olive greenish above, having practically no slate blue on the upper back; slightly paler below. Size as in intermedia. In other words, it has the coloration of heuglini and the dimensions of intermedia. Measurements of type.—Wing 83, tail 79, culmen from base 20 mm. Range.—Known only from the type locality. It may be that Thomson’s Rovuma birds and Grote’s Mikindani specimens (Journ. f. Ornith., 1913, p. 141) are of this form. Remarks.—The races of this bird may be briefly summarized as follows: 1. C. h. heuglini Hartlaub: from the Omo valley and extreme southern Shoa (under 5000 feet), to the Upper White Nile, west to Darfur and the Shari River, south throughout Uganda (except in southern Ankole Province) and the western half of Kenya Colony to the Ikoma district and the Usambara Moun- tains, Tanganyika Territory. 2. C.h. occidentalis Reichenow: south Ankole, and the eastern 1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 327 328 Ituri district, Belgian Congo, to Ruanda and Lake Kivu. Similar to heuglint but very much darker and richer rufous below, and generally darker above. 3. C. h. intermedia (Cabanis) : the coastal belt of eastern Africa from the Juba River south to the Pangani River. Similar to heuglint but darker below (not as dark as occidentalis), and smaller (wings in males, 90-98 as against 100-108 mm. in the nominate form; wings in females 82-88 as against 89-95 mm. in heuglini.) 4. C. h. euronota Friedmann: range and characters as given above. 5. C. h. subrufescens Bocage: Nyasaland, west through. northern Rhodesia and the Katanga to Loango and Angola, south to northern Bechuanaland, Mashonaland, and the northeastern Transvaal. This race differs from the first four in that it has the middle pair of rectrices blackish brown, not olive brown. Vou. 5, p. 329-332. SEPTEMBER 15, 1930 Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. NEW SNAKES FROM COSTA RICA AND PANAMA. BY EMMETT R. DUNN. Wait on Barro Colorado Island in July, 19380, Mr. James Zetek showed me some snakes which he had taken on the Island and in the neighborhood of Ancon. Among the latter was a species of Szbynophis which seems new and remarkable. It may be called Sibynophis zeteki, sp. nov. Type.—Museum of Comparative Zoology no. 29060. Type locality—Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama. Diagnosis —Close to S. venustissimus of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, but with light instead of black snout, and with black rings in contact with the red bands instead of light. Description.—Female: scales 17; ventrals 142; anal divided; caudals 65 +; oculars 1-2; temporals 2-2; supralabials 8, infralabials 10; third, fourth, and fifth supralabials in contact with eye; four infralabials in contact with anterior chin shields which are much longer than those posteriorly; snout white; black dots on the labials under the eye; parietals and nape black; black dots on postoculars, temporals, and last labial; a hght ring two scales long followed by a black ring 11% scales long back of nape; this followed by a red band 9 seales long, the scales tipped with black; then black, yellow, black, each ring two scales long; then red again, etc.; 12 red bands on body, varying in length from 9 to 3 scales; tail with three broad red bands separated by three black r-ngs which in turn are separated by light rings; the combination about equal to one red band, and being made up in about the proportion of 1 black, 1 yellow, 6 black, 1 yellow, 1 black; throat and belly light; a black dot on each subcaudal; length 531 mm., tail 166 mm., imperfect. Remarks.—The arrangement of color bands in this species is that of Lampropeltis, while the arrangement in S. venustissimus is that of Micrurus. The sealation is scarcely different from that of S. venustissimus. The type locality of S. venustissimus is Matagalpa, Nicaragua. I have also seen specimens from ! Contribution from the Department of Biology, Haverford College, No. 3. 329 330 Bluefields, Nicaragua, and from Rio Banana, Bonilla, Colom- baria, and Zent, Costa Rica. The genus Szbynophis is interesting in its distribution. S. collaris of southern Asia has been compared with S. annulatus of Mexico and Guatemala and found generically identical. The - genus is not found in either the United States or South America. Thus it is not, strictly speaking, Neotropical. There are a number of similar cases which I hope to treat later in a dis- tributional paper. Sibynophis seems to have four American species which may be distinguished as follows: A. Not ringed; striped anteriorly, uniform posteriorly; 181 ventrals. Sibynophis .sumichrasti (Bocourt). Henicognathus sumichrasti Bocourt, 1886, Miss. Sci. Mex., p. 628, pl. 41, fig. 5; Tehuantepec, Mexico. AA. Ringed; 135-157 ventrals. ; B. Ringed with black, yellow, black, and red anteriorly; uniform or striped posteriorly. ...Sibynophis annulatus (Duméril and Bibron). Enicognathus annulatus Duméril and Bibron 1854, Erp. Gen. vol. 7, p. 335, pl. 80, fig. 1; Mexico. (I have seen it from Tabasco and Guate- mala.) The British Museum has it from Vera Paz. BB. Ringed throughout. C. Ringed with red, yellow, black, yellow, red; snout black. Sibynophis venustissimus (Giinther). Henicognathus venistussimus Ginth- er 1894, Biol. Centr. Amer., p. 144, pl. 51, fig. C; Matagalpa, Nicaragua, (Also Bluefields, Nicaragua, and Rio Banana, Bonilla, Colombaria, and Zent, Costa Rica.) CC. Ringed with red, black, yellow, black, red; snout white. Sibynophis zeteki Dunn. Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama. In addition to the original localities for specimens of the genus T'rimetopon (Cartago and San Jose, Costa Rica), specimens have been seen from La Palma, Turrialba and Reventazon (= La Junta), Costa Rica, and from Ancon and Pedro Miguel in the Canal Zone. These are easily divisible into three species, two of which need-naming. dol A. Prefrontals fused; ventrals 141-154; scales 15-17; a white dot on each SC alent tsemeiah akan tyh ols Ge cheno ete Trimetopon gracile (Ginther). This is Ablabes gracilis Giinther 1872, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 9, p. 18, pl. 3, fig. D; Cartago, Costa Rica; type, Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. no. 71—11—22-19, 20. It includes Trimetopon pliolepis Cope 1885, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 22, p. 177; San Jose, Costa Rica. The British Museum has it from Turrialba and from La Palma. I have taken it from the latter locality. AA. Prefrontals fused; ventrals 122; scales 15; uniform, back of head white. Trimetopon simile, sp. nov. AAA. Two prefrontals; ventrals 141-153; scales 15; a lateral white stripe. Trimetopon barbourt, sp. nov. Trimetopon simile, sp. nov. Type-—Museum of Comparative Zoology no. 15263, received from the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica. Type locality—Reventazon, Costa Rica (= La Junta). Description.Scales 15; ventrals 122; anal divided; caudals 69; prefrontals fused; oculars 1-2; temporal 1—1; supralabials 7, infralabials 7; third and fourth supralabials are below the eye; four infralabials are in contact with the anterior chin shields which are longer than those posteriorly; black, white below; head white as far forward as middle of frontal, and including third labial; a black spot on seventh labial; length 155 mm., tail 50 mm. Trimetopon barbouri, sp. nov. Type.—Museum of Comparative Zoology no. 23877. Type locality—Pedro Miguel, Canal Zone, Panama. Description—Male: scales 15; ventrals 153; anal divided; caudals 58; oculars 1-2; temporals 1-1; two prefrontals; two nasals; supralabials 7, infralabials 8; third and fourth supralabials in contact with eye; four infrala- bials in contact with anterior chin shields; darkish, light below; no light collar; a stripe from eye to fifth and sixth labials; a stripe from parietal on second temporal and seventh labial; a light stripe on fifth scale row and upper half of fourth; first, second, and one-half of third rows lighter; length 260 mm., tail 65 mm. Variation.—Of four from Ancon (Mus. Comp. Zool. no. 23873— 23876) two have ventrals 141 and 149. Remarks.—The genus is composed of these three obviously related forms, but barbourt, with its normal prefrontals, is not - very remote from some of the Central American forms of Liophis (Rhadinea), approaching such forms as calligaster and seperaster. 332 In another direction I believe it has affinities with Lepto- calamus (the coloration of simile is like that of Leptocalamus torquatus) and with Arrhyton. The hemipenis of the three is quite similar and peculiar. Vou. 5, Dp. 333-339, pl. 17. JANUARY 9, 1931. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. LAND SHELLS FROM LUBANG ISLAND, PHILIPPINES. BY WILLIAM J. CLENCH AND ALLAN F. ARCHER. TuHE following list and new forms are based upon a collection ° made by Sefior Pedro de Mesa, formerly of Lubang Island, now a resident of Calapan, Mindoro, Philippine Islands. It is quite: probably complete in the larger forms of land mollusks to be found on this small island. Lubang Island is situated some 17 miles off the northwestern end of the Island of Mindoro and about 25 miles west of Luzon. Its mollusk affinities are quite apparently with those of Luzon and not Mindoro, although there are a few species common to all three islands. Perhaps the most outstanding of the Lubang element is that of Helicostyla cepoides Lea. The affinities of this species are clearly with those of the Helicobulinus group of Luzon and the Central Philippines. Likewise the presence of H. pithogostra on Lubang is another connecting link with the Luzon fauna. This species is widely distributed throughout Luzon and the Central Philippines, but is not known to occur in Mindoro. Helicostyla cincinniformis, another species peculiar to the Islahd, belongs in the section Hypselostyla, a stock which is found largely in Luzon and the central Philippines, and probably had its start in Luzon. It has no known representatives in Mindoro. The authors are indebted to Mr. E. G. Vanatta for the deter- mination of Pseudhelicarion compactus Q. and M., and to Sefior _ de Mesa for his kindness in supplying the material for study. 333 334 . Pseudhelicarion compactus Quad. and MIlf. bo Fr . Hemiglypta blainvilliana Lea. . Rhysota ovum Val. . Obba listeri Gray. . Obba planulata Lam. . Eulota fodiens Pfr. . Chloraea fibula Brod. . Helicostyla cepoides Lea. . Helicostyla pithogastra Feér. 10. Helicostyla cincinniformis Sby. Pl. 17, fig. 3. om I OD oO SP CO Helix cioncinniformis Sby. 1841, Proce. Zodl. Soc. London, p.- 17; Bulimus cincinniformis Pfr. 1848, Monogr. 2, p. 9; Pfr. 1850; Conchyl. Cab; 45) pt. 13, sec: 1, px lst ply 53) tigaGe re Reeve 1849, Conch. Icon. 5, pl. 6, fig. 28; Desh. in Fér. 1850, Hist., pl. 157, fig. 3,4; Helicostyla cincinniformis Pils. 1892, Man. of Conch., 8 ser. 2, p. 18; Cochlostyla cincinniformis Semper 1912, Reis. im Arch. der Phil., 10, p. 262; C. cincinniformis unitaeniata Milf. Semper 1912, op. cit., p. 263, fig. 6. ’ The form Cochlostyla cincinniformis unitaeniata MIlf. refers to a figure representing a typical specimen of H. cincinniformis, and therefore is an absolute synonym. H. cincinniformis appears to be the most abundant form of this group on Lubang. 11. Helicostyla cincinniformis lubanensis, var. nov. PiRaiieticeale This variety is very distinct from Helicostyla cincinniformis Sowerby as figured by Pilsbry (Man. of Conch. part 2, vol: 8, p. 18, 1892, pl. 6, fig. 21, 22, 24) in being without the dark brown bands at the periphery, at the base, and at the sutures. A few specimens, however, show a slight tendency towards producing mikado brown bands at the periphery and suture, but in some individuals these are obsolete. Description.—Shell imperforate, ovate-conic, moderately thin, quite trans- parent in young specimens. White or ivory yellow, the latter color being usual in young specimens, while in adults it is chiefly present in the parietal region. Mikado brown subsutural and peripheral bands present in some 339 individuals, but obsolete in others. The bands frequently tessellated with cartridge buff hydrophanous spots. Nuclear whorl slightly depressed in most individuals, but succeeding whorls rapidly descending to body whorl. Whorls 514 to 6. Body whorl slightly angulate medially. Aperture quadrate, showing a broad angle at the juncture of the columella and the parietal wall, and wide at its base. Peristome thin, narrow, but sharply reflected. Columella wide above and fairly straight, but gradually narrowing where it shades off into the base of the aperture. The aperture of H. cincinniformis is more oblique than that of H. cincinni- formis lubanensis, while the columella of the former is straight and rather thick above, becoming sharply constricted below, contrasting with the almost straight columella of the latter. In the general varieties of shape and size Hi. cincinniformis and H. cincinniformis lubanensis are practically alike. Alt. Diam. Ap. Length Ap. Width 50 31 Pil 15 mm. Holotype, M. C. Z. no. 79166 42 Bod 19 13.5 Paratype, M. C. Z. no. 79165 44.5 30.5 20.5 15.5 i es S aS 42.5 Zh 20 13 af a ce ws Holotype-—M. C. Z. no. 79166. Paratypes:—M. C. Z. no. 79165. Pedro de Mesa, collector, Lubang, P. I. 12. Helicostyla cincinniformis tritaeniata MIlf. IPN WZ aves, 13. Helicostyla cincinniformis ultima, var. nov. Ter 7, ine, 2h Description.—Shell, ovate-conic, moderately thin. White at nuclear whorl shading off into an ivory yellow ground color on the body whorl and the preceding whorl. Lower two-thirds of body whorl covered with seal brown wash which in turn shades off inte ivory yellow at the parietal region. This wash terminates at the edge of the peristome. Seal brown band above the sutures sometimes extending below the sutures, but fading out as it approaches the nuclear whorl. Median line of the body whorl and margins above and below the sutures often tessellated with cartridge buff hydrophanous spots. Nuclear whorl slightly flattened, moderately descending to the body whorl. Whorls 424. Body whorl angulated at mid-line. Aperture quadrate, forming rather broad angle at the point where the columella and parietal wall meet. Peristome narrow, thin, sharply reflected, tinged with seal brown at the edge. Columella straight, thin, narrowing where it shades into the peristome. BL LE Alt. Diam. Ap. Length Ap. Width 35/5 25 18 13 mm. Holotype, M. C. Z. no. 79169 43 31 20.5 5} Paratype, M. C. Z. no. 79170 - 42.5 39.5 20.5 14 " - t . 31.5 24 16.5 12 oe me Ne “ 336 Holotype.-—M. C. Z. no. 79169. Paratypes.—M. C. Z. no. 79170. Re- ceived from P. de Mesa June, 1929, who collected them in Lubang, P. I. Remarks.—This variety differs from H. cincinniformis as well as the two previous varieties in being smaller and squatter. There is a complete lack of the dark brown bands of the straight species, but instead a new element comes in, viz., the seal brown wash on the body whorl. This, too, is the color of the supersutural and subsutural bands, while the usual hydrophanous yellow spots appear at the angle of the body whorl, and on the upper and lower margins of the suture. 14. Helicostyla cincinniformis demesana, var. nov. Pl. 17, fig. 5. Description.—Shell squat, ovate-conic, rather thin; nuclear whorl cacao brown; ground color of shell white, having cacao brown bands on the periphery of the body whorl, above and below the sutures, and at the base around the columella. In addition, as in the previously described variety, there is a .seal brown wash which covers the lower two-thirds of the body whorl as far as the base. Bands, subsutural, supersutural and peripheral, tessellated with cartridge buff hydrophanous spots, absent, however, in the region of the nuclear whorl. Nuclear whorl less flattened than in the previous variety. Whorls 5, body whorl being rather angulate medially. Aperture widely quadrate, forming a broad angle at the juncture of the columella and parietal wall. Peristome thin, narrow, rather sharply reflected, tinted with cacao brown. Columella as in previous variety straight, thin, slightly constricted where it blends with the peristome. Alt. Diam. Ap. Length Ap. Width 35.5 25.5 ily 13.5mm. Holotype, M. C. Z. no. 79171 31.5 - 24.5 16 12 Paratype, M. C. Z. no. 47216 32.5 24 15.5 11 of ss fe a 32.5 25.5 16.5 13 a as © e 32.5 23.5 15.5 11 Archer collection 4801. Holotype.—M. C. Z. no. 79171; received from P. de Mesa, June, 1929, who collected it in Lubang, P. I. Remarks.—This variety differs from H. cincinniformis in its smaller size, and its squattiness. Morphologically it is like the previous variety, H. cincinniformis ultima. Moreover it has the same seal brown wash on the body whorl, but resembles the typical form in having the same set of bands. 337 15. Leptopoma immaculatum Chem. 16. Leptopoma kejong, sp. nov. Pl. 17, fig. 6. Description.—Sheli perforate, acutely turbinate, rather thin, translucent, apex acute, obtusely carinate. Embryonic whorl glassy with few exceedingly fine raised spiral threads. Color milky white or consisting of axial zigzag streaks of Sayal brown very faint on the early whorls. On body whorl below the periphery the axial color streaks usually become straight and extend into the umbilicus, and in addition are fainter. Sculpture consisting of innumerable very minute spiral threads, occasionally become slightly wavy at irregular intervals. Growth lines very fine and less pronounced than the spiral lines. A few examples in the type series have four or five more or less pronounced spiral riblets. Whorls 5, convex, suture impressed. Aperture rounded, but not holostomatous, reflected, inner lip consisting only of a very faint callous, just thick enough to cover the sculptural character of the body whorl. Columella nearly straight, slightly reflected over the umbilical area. Alt. Diam. Ap. Length Ap. Width 1275 Zee a 6.5mm. Holotype, M. C. Z. no. 47224 11.5 12 6 5.5 Paratype, M. C. Z. no. 47225 11.5 12.5 6.5 5.5 a6 pea nen Cer amiss 12 12.5 6.5 6 ne “ es 11 5 6.5 6 fs af So ete Holotype.—M. C. Z. no. 47224. Paratypes.—M. C. Z. no. 47225. Lubang Island; Pedro de Mesa, collector, 1929. Remarks.—This species is quite specifically distinct from Leptopoma immaculatum Chem. from this same locality. L. wmmaculatum is much larger and has a more pronounced sculpture both in the development of the spiral threads and riblets. On the Lubang specimens of L. 7mmaculata there is far less tendency to produce the axial color areas. 17. Cyclophorus reevei Hid. 18. Cyclophorus reevei lubanicus, var. nov. JEN, NG, ite, Zc Descriplion.—Shell perforate, turbinate, rather thick, with a prominent apex. Embryonic whorl white, shading into Vandyke brown on next three whorls. Beginning at second whorl, a series‘of axial Vandyke brown stripes forming a solid band of color on the early whorls and gradually becoming more distinctly 338 striped on the later whorls. The base of the body whorl is a solid band of the same color. This solid band extends up to just a little below the periphery. The color in between the stripes is ivory white. Sculpture consisting of very fine threadlike spiral fines crossed by very faint axial striae. A series of about five very well defined riblets begins a . short distance below the periphery and extends to the suture. These riblets have their origin just beyond the embryonic whorl and extend as far as the peristome. Body whorl slightly descending the last one quarter of the whorl before the aperture. Whorls 534, convex, regularly increasing. Peristome heavy, nearly holostomatous, outer rim duplex, minutely laminated, reflected. Inner lip thinly calloused on body whorl. Alt. Diam. Ap. Length Ap. Width 16 14 6.5 6.5mm. Holotype, M. C. Z. no. 47221 15.5 14 6 6 Paratype, M. C: Z. no. 79175 15 14.5 6.5 6 b -s 75) 90) 1007100 ano L. of vent. plate (mid.)........ 400 445 470 485 500 535 520 600 Camerostome to gen. apert..... 100 102 105 100 103 105 100 4110 L. of genital aperture......... 7 73" 80 80: 83" 90 » 807 wes Breadth of same.............. 78 82 85 85. 938 100 85 110 Gen. apert. to anal apert....... 115 1381 150 145 161 175 170 220 L. of anal aperture........... 100 109 115 110 119 125 125 135 Breadth of sames-54.5.--5..- 105 114 120 125 1380 i145 150 © It should be noted that length of ventral plate is actual length on median line and not measured to overlapping edge of noto- gastral plate. All these measurements are as made in mounted ‘ specimens by micrometer eye piece and do not take curvature into consideration. Apparent length of cephaloprothorax varies with angle at which the body is tilted. The same is true of the abdo- ~ men. The majority of specimens measured were from one locality (near Stevenson, Conn.) and these specimens cover the range of size here recorded. Specimens from Sea Cliff, Long Island, N. Y., and from Hamden, Conn., are included by this range. Specimens from Maine average larger but do not exceed the Connecticut specimens. The much shattered Georgia material includes fe- males with genital covers 94 micra long. Thus there seems to be a rather definite size limit along the eastern states especially the northeastern. Most striking however, is that there is a dif- ference of a hundred micra between the largest Connecticut and the smallest European specimens. From the table it will be evident (1) that breadth of genital and of anal apertures as well as distance between them is quite vari- able, (2) that there is marked sexual dimensurism, (3) that breadth of genital aperture and interlamellar bristle span are practically equal, (4) that the ventral plate apertures are broader _ than long, (5) that the anal aperture of the females seems rela- tively broader than that of the males. Aberations.—One specimen has three bristles on one anal cover 307 and two on the other (as has been noticed in two other genera). One of two specimens (slide no. 26B33a) have notogastral plate so broadly overlapping sides of ventral plate as to resemble the condition found in Hypochthonius rufulus. This, therefore, is clearly a reversion. The condition of three bristles on anal covers is likewise a reversion to the more primitive condition. Propagation.—Females seem more numerous than males. The eggs are packed two or three deep along postero-lateral walls of abdomen to the number of ten though more usually six or eight. Eggs appear as early as April 23 and continue at least until July 5. My August specimens are eggless. Identity —Although difficult to identify the original figure (Herman 1804, p. 92, pl. 4, fig. 5, B), a comparison with the present figure a, especially as to the anterior horns (tectopedia I), a development which seems to be a unique occurrence in mid-European species, will serve to relate the type figure with the present genus. The shape of the body as to rotundity or ovalness varies with the angle at which it is viewed. Similarly as to shape of pteromorphae, as seen from above, a comparison of the accompanying figures 1 and 3 will show extremes of position due to appression and extension of these parchmentlike elastic expansions. The pteromorphae are well described as ‘trigonal, anteriorly truncated’ (see Pl. 19, fig. b). All specific characters in the original description fit the present genus and species. The drawing is crude. No major bristles are shown on the legs (!) though adequately figured in B. The Regensberg figure (Koch 1835-44, fase. 30/18) is uncon- vineing, not only by comparison with O. anita: but by the pos- session of two bristles on posterior edge of abdomen. ‘The Italian description (Berlese 1882-1900, fase. 3/4) differs in two important respects: the pseudostigmatic organ is clavate (not pedicelate) and the surface of the notogaster is minutely granu- lose. O. orbicularis (Koch 1835-44, fase. 3/6), type of Sphaerobates, resembles this species considerably. It is surprising that, out of the 162 species recorded from thé British Islands, none should belong to this genus. O. lapidaria _(Michael 1884, p. 230-2338, pl. 5, fig. 1-5, pl. 23, fig. 6, pl. D, etc.) is nearest. Between the distal ends of the lamellae (PI. 5, fig. 1) 378 are figured two slender, white lines which look like bristles but might have been intended for the rostral ridges, but on Plate 23, figure 6, they are now shown, or are covered by the lamellar bristles, nor does the rostrum much resemble that of a Humero- bates. On the other hand one reads (p. 231) ‘rostrum terminating in a small rounded point, ends of the genae showing anteriorly as small cusps.’ This fits Hwmerobates exactly. Under color, men- tion is made of a translucent spot at anterior edge of notogaster, and of the areae porosae as ‘some smaller, more clearly defined spots nearer the edge, much lighter, and semitransparent.’ Two species thus seem to have been mixed, as elsewhere. Further- more (p. 231) one reads, as at various other places, ‘English - specimens are variable.’ Finally on page 233, penultimate line, there appears, ‘nymphs in great quantities on the bark of a dead Cedrus deodara’ which is a Himalayan evergreen! The type habitat of A. arborea (Banks 1895, p. 7) is ‘common on cedar and peach trees.’ Dr. Philip Garman of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, under date of October 23, and concerning specimens sent me, writes: “It seems that they are frequently found on dead and dying cedars and there is some question as to their importance in pro- ducing this condition . . . on the ornamental cedars on which they were found. Cedars in the open are also frequently infested and the mite can nearly always be found on dead branches in the locality where collected.’ Thus it would seem that the British do have the genus but masquerading under a different name and the halucination: ‘variable species of wide distribution.’ In Germany (Sellnick 1929, p. 11) H. humeralis is reported on Hricaceae. Oudemans (1926, p. 354) thinks Acarus fungorum (Linné 1758, p. 618; see also Linné 1746, p. 349) is the nymph of this species. In this connection see Michael (1884, pl. 5, fig. 2). To me it looks probable but I would prefer more evidence before making a decision. American data.—I have examined the following material: Maine, coll. by Gilbert Van Ingen, fifty specimens, slides no. 26B28a, b, c. Wellfleet, Mass., in moss, 27-33, August, 1918, four specimens, slide no. 26B111. . 379 Hamden, Conn., from black knot galls on cherry, taken April 23, 1915, by G. C. Graham, fifteen specimens, slide no. 27G9. Sandy Hook, Conn., oak leaves from hemlock gorge, taken June 21, 1926, by Jacot, one female, slide no. 2612. Stevenson, Conn., one mile south of, from ground or bush, Juniper, old pasture, taken May 20, 1920 by Jacot, eighteen specimens, slide no. 20120; and from red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), same place and time, twenty-five specimens, slide no. 201301. East Village, Conn., one mile west of, beaten from leaves of Hop Hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), pasture, taken July 5, 1920 by Jacot, one female, slide no. 20200. Long Island, N. Y., on cedar, taken August 20, 1927, by J. A. G. Davey, three specimens, slide no. 29G1. Sea Cliff, Long Island, N. Y., from cedar and peach trees, taken by Nathan Banks, forty-eight specimens on slides 26B33a and b; and thirteen specimens on slides no. 26B107b, ec, d. Queen’s Woods, Long Island, N. Y., from crevices of bark on white ash (Fraxinus americana), taken May 38, 1919, by Jacot, five specimens, slide no. 19290. Georgia, coll. by (J. C.?) Bradley, five specimens, slide no. 26B109. Niles, California, November 1, ‘C. J. Pierson from Essig,’ six specimens, slide no. 26B110. A comparison of this material with the thirty-one specimens kindly sent me by Dr. Oudemans and two from Silkeborg, Den- mark (slide no. 26B112) leads me to the conclusion that the American material differs enough to warrant the use of a tri- nomial and its recognition as a geographic race. It would there- fore be known as Humerobates humeralis arborea, subsp. nov. Characters.—Size smaller than European species (see above, under dimen- sions); pseudostigmatic organs bent mediad at juncture of pedicel and head so as to make this organ (as seen from above) quite curved (figures 12- 14), the head seems shorter and more oblique than the most extreme European specimen. Anal aperture with anterior margin much less sloping, sides also less converging. In Plate 19, figure a, the condition found in the European race is depicted by a broken line, in the American by the solid line. The bristles of the ventral plate seem to be identical. At least any subspecific 380 difference is masked by the small degree of individual variation. The leg bristles are more modest, less robust. From the above occurrence records it may be regarded as a typically arboreal species, especially of the Juniperus-Andropo- gon community. The larvae and nymphs are found chiefly on the ground. -Such minute species may readily have been intro- duced from Europe on Dutch bulbs and nursery stock, the larvae on the roots and mossy packing, the adults in crevices of bark, or roots and packing. To what extent this has occurred, in the early colonial days is a matter for conjecture. Whether H. h. arborea has become differentiated since these early days or from what earlier time, is likewise not at present known. How- beit, it is conceivable that more recently introduced European material (with straight pseudostigmatic organs) may be found spotted here and there among the H. h. arborea, especially near human habitations, in arboretums and botanical gardens. ; One specimen was noticed with fungus spores within its abdo- men. As it is an arboreal species its connection with the death of junipers (and other related genera) and with black knot of cherry should be investigated. Acknowledgements.—Slides of which the number includes the letter B, were kindly loaned me by Nathan Banks, and are de- posited at the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy; slides bearing the initial G were kindly furnished me by Philip Garman and are deposited at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion; those bearing no capital letter are being deposited at the Boston Society of Natural History. LITERATURE. Banks, NATHAN. 1895. On the Oribatoidea of the United States. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 22: 1-16. BERLESE, ANTONIO. 1882-1900. Acari, Myriapoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Itala reperta. 101 fascicles, 10 vol. Padova. HERMANN, JEAN-FREDERIC. 1804. Mémoire Aptérologique. 152 p.,9 pl. Strasbourg. Kocu, C. L. _1835-44. Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden. Re- gensberg. 381 Linn&, CHARLES. 1746. Fauna Svecia. 1758. Systema Naturae. 10th ed., reformata, vol. 1. Micuarn, A. D. 1884. British Oribatidae. Ray Society, vol. 1. xi + 336 p., pl. 24 + A-G. Oupemans, A. C. 1926. Kritisch Historisch Overzicht der Acarologie, Eerste Gedeelte. Tijd. voor Ent. 69, supplement. 500 p., 70 fig. SELLNICK, Max. 1929. Hornmilben,’ Oribdtei. Tierwelt Mitteleuropas 3, lief 3, no. 9, 42 p., 91 fig. Fia. a. Fig. Fia. b. c. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 19. Humerobates humeralis arborea, adult. Ventral aspect, legs and mouth parts omitted. Lateral aspect, legs and mouth parts omitted. Notogaster, seen somewhat from behind and the left side, with pteromorphae considerably appressed. Fie. d. Cephaloprothoracie aspect seen somewhat from above, showing leg I housed between tectopedia I and II. Fia. é. Cephaloprothorax, legs omitted, seen directly from above. Fig. f. Cephaloprothorax, legs omitted, seen somewhat from left side, z. €., looking down on to rim of left tectopedia I. Fia. most. Fig. Fig. Fie. Fig. Fie. tip. Fig. Fia. m. n. Pseudostigmatic organ (not. H. h. arborea), edge of lamella lower- Pseudostigmatic organ, lamella to right. Legs I, median (inner) aspect. Legs IV, median aspect. Transverse section of coxa through ae (free hand). Pseudostigmatic organ, looking down on the end of the upturned Pseudostigmatic organ, extremely short-headed one. Pseudostigmatic organ, extremely long-headed one. OccasionaL Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vou. 5. PuaTE 19 See Spl RG at Gs Vout. 5, p. 383-384. Aveusr 10, 1931. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. THE TANGANYIKAN FORM OF ANTHREPTES ORIENTALIS. BY HERBERT FRIEDMANN.! In his account of the range of the Violet-backed Sunbird, Sclater (1930, p. 710) writes that it occurs from the ‘ Upper White Nile, east through northern Uganda, the erence part of Kenya Wolony, and southern Abyssinia to Somaliland.’ He does not mention Tanganyika Territory at all, but the species occurs south as far as Dodoma on the central railway line. The Dodoma birds are, however, very different from typical orzentalis or from neuwmanni (which is only doubtfully distinct from the nominate form). The Tanganyika birds are without a name and may be known as : Anthreptes orientalis barbouri, subsp. nov. Type.—Mus. Comp. Zodl. no. 134345; adult female, collected at Dodoma, Tanganyika Territory, December 7, 1918, by Arthur Loveridge. Subspecific characters—Similar to orientalis but the female much larger, the male slightly larger (but matched in wing and tail length by large examples of orientalis); both sexes with longer, stouter bills than the nominate form. Measurements—Type (female): culmen 21 mm. (as against 17 mm. in orientalis), wing 65 mm., tail 51 mm.; male: culmen 20.5 mm., wing 70 mm., tail 54 mm. Range.—Iknown only from the type locality. Remarks.—Grote (1921, p. 183) records orientalis from the Usambara Mountains, but I assume his birds are A. longuemarez neglectus since he states that they are not pure white below but are washed with grayish or creamy on the underparts. The adults of barbourt (no young birds seen) are pure white below. I agree with van Someren (1922, p. 201) that orzentalis and longuemaret are specifically distinct, although closely related. "1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 383 oo4 The Tanganyikan race described in this paper is named in honor of Dr. Thomas Barbour in appreciation of his active interest in, and support of, the ornithological exploration of Tanganyika Territory. The material studied comprises 26 specimens of orientalis (including newmannz) and 2 of barbourt. In spite of the paucity of material of the latter, I have no hesitation in separating it as the characters are so obvious at first sight. LITERATURE CITED. Grort, HERMANN. 1921. Uber eine Vogelsammlung aus West-Usambara. Jour. f. Ornith. 69: 121-138. Q Sciater, W. L. 1930. Systema avium A‘thiopicarum. Pt. 2. London: publishes for the British Ornithologists’ Union. VAN SOMEREN, V. G. L. 1922. Notes on the birds of East Africa. Nov. Zool. 29: 1-246. Vou. 5, p. 385-401. AvuGusr 18, 1931. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. NEW FROGS FROM PANAMA AND COSTA RICA. BY EMMETT R. DUNN. Durtinc the course of various excursions into Central America under the auspices of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, and of a tour of European museums under the auspices of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship, I have gradually become aware of certain frogs from that region as yet undescribed. I hereinafter offer descriptions of them, together with a few remarks as to their nearest relatives. The material is largely in my own collections, or in those of the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy (in the main collected by myself), or the United States National Museum. Any types now in my own collection will be deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, as a return for the many favors I have enjoyed from the hands of its Director, Dr. Thomas Barbour. Eleutherodactylus talamancae, sp. nov. Type.—M. C. Z. no. 9879, collected by EX. R. Dunn and Chester Duryea in 1923. . Type locality.—Almirante, Bocas del Toro, Panama. Range.—Known from Monteverde, Zent, and Suretka, Costa Rica; Almi- rante and La Loma, western Panama. Diagnosis.—An Eleutherodactylus of the fitzingeri-longirostris group, with smooth belly, webbed toes, slightly developed disks except on outer two fingers, very long snout, uniform thigh color, slight web on toes, large disks on outer fingers, no light throat stripe, very long legs, young with white upper lip and oblique lateral bars. Description.—Type: head a pointed oval, flat above; snout flat and broad; eye about equal to its distance from nostril; upper eyelid less than interorbital width; distance from nostril to snout 21% times in distance from nostril to eye; canthus rostralis well marked, rounded; loreal region sloping, concave; tympanum 1% eye; heel well beyond snout; very large disks on two outer fingers, other digital disks medium; toes webbed at base, web extending to ! Contributions from the Department of Biology, Haverford College no. 5. 385 386 inner phalangeal tubercle on all toes (less web than in fitzingeri, much less than in longirostris); first and second fingers equal; inner metatarsal tubercle well developed; a small outer one; skin finely granular above; a fold over tym- panum; a slight dorso-lateral fold; smooth below; vomerine teeth im two trans- verse groups, well behind choanae and extending as far as their inner edges; brown, a darker brown dorsal marking, beginning as an interorbital bar (snout lighter) and extending to rump as an hourglass-shaped marking; faint barring on upper lip, and on anterior face of thigh and on tibia; belly white; under side of throat and limbs dusky; length 47 mm. Variation.— Young specimens show a white line on upper lip and a black mark from snout through tympanum over arm to middle of side and on to the white of the belly. Remarks.—This is close to longirostris but differs in longer snout, less web on toes, absence of light throat stripe, larger disks on outer fingers, and color of young. It occurs with longirostris at Suretka, Almirante, and La Loma. From fitzingeri with which it occurs at Suretka, Almirante, and Monteverde it differs in longer snout, less weh on toes, longer legs, larger finger disks, absence of throat stripe, absence of light spotting on hind side of thighs, and color of young. No other species can be confused with this one, which has a rather restricted range (fitzingert and longirostris are widely- ranging forms). It has previously been called by me E. diastema and speci- mens from collections have been distributed: under that name to various museums. I have noted B. M. N. H. no. 1925— 3-10-5, from Almirante; Berlin no. 28608 from Almirante, and U.S. N. M. no. 73222 from Suretka. It has some similarity to nubilus (Escazu, Costa Rica; type, B.M. N. H. no. 1902—5-138-—29) in color and shortness of webs, but nubilus is really much closer to fitzingerz, and, if anything, is merely a short-webbed race of that form from upper Costa _Rica. Specimens from Eseazu, La Palma, and Guapiles may represent it, although I should hesitate to give a final opinion. The type of nubilus agrees with fitzingert in every character save shortness of webs, and dorsal color. The dorsal marking of nubilus is not that of talamancae. It has the throat mark, the wartiness, the spotting on the hind side of the thigh, the shorter legs, the shorter snout, the smaller finger disks, all fitzengerz characters. 387 The present series, kindly loaned me by Dr. Barbour, and all collected by myself, includes: M. C. Z. no. 7949, 7951-2 from Monteverde, M. C. Z. no. 8040 from Zent, M. C. Z. no. 9785-7 from Suretka, M. C. Z. no. 9879, 9882-4 from Almirante, and M. C. Z. no. 9971-5 from La Loma, in all 16 specimens, and the four distributed specimens from the original lot have been sent out in exchange, so that I have seen at least 22 of this quite distinct species. I took the type with me to various Kuropean Museums so that it has been compared directly with the types of nubzlus, fitzingert, longirostris, conspicillatus, raniformis, etc., and it agrees with none of them. Lithodytes gaigei, sp. nov. Type.—M. C. Z. no. 10011. Type locality.—Fort Randolph, Panama Canal Zone. Range.—Known only from Fort Randolph and Barro Colorado Island, Pan- ama Canal Zone, and from Talamanca Valley, Costa Rica. Diagnosis.—Close to Lithodytes lineatus of South America, but differing in having head wider than body; no flash markings on thigh or in groin; vomerine teeth oblique rather than transverse. Description.—M. C. Z. no. 10011: head a rather pointed oval; snout flat above, pointed; canthus rostralis angular; lores sloping steeply; upper eyelid less than interorbital diameter; eye equal to its distance from nostril; tym- panum 1% eye; heel to between snout and eye; head wider than body; disks of fingers and toes equal, about half again diameter of digit, much smaller than tympanum; fingers and toes free; a large inner and small outer meta- tarsal tubercle; a tarsal fold; finger I about equal to finger II; toe III equal to toe IV; smooth below, uniformly and finely rugose above; vomerine teeth in twe oblique groups, equally in and back from choanae, separated by diameter of choanae and distant from choanae by same distance; dark brown, lighter below; a light line from eye to sacrum, snout to vent 38 mm. Variation.—A.- specimen from Barro Colorado Island, Univ. Michigan field no. 77, is much lighter below, and the dorso- lateral lines are hard to make out. Also the tarsal fold is in- visible (the animal is soft); the first finger on one side is longer than the second and is shorter on the other; the third toe is longer than the fifth; snout to vent 39 mm. Two small specimens from Talamanca, M. C. Z. no. 9901, 9904, are 21 and 18 mm. in length. They are black above, slightly lighter below, and the dorso-lateral light lines begin on the snout where they meet. The vomerine teeth cannot be made out. In one the first and 388 second fingers are equal and the third toe is shorter than the fifth, in the other the first finger is the shorter and the third toe is equal to the fifth. The shagreening shows better in these two which are neither hard, like the type, nor soft like the Barro Colorado Island specimen. Remarks.—A specimen of lineatus from Bolivia, kindly loaned me by Mrs. Gaige, shows transverse vomerine teeth; a narrower head, and a thicker body; flash markings in groin and on thigh; a protruding or overhanging snout; snout not so pointed; canthus not so marked; third toe longer than fifth. The specimens had all been identified by me with lineatus, until Mrs. Gaige pointed out to me the differences between the Barro Colorado Island specimen and South American ones. These dif- ferences are more exaggerated in the Barro Colorado Island speci- men than in the three others, but enough remains to show a dis- tinguishable form, with which I take the liberty of associating her name. As Ruthven remarked to Noble (Noble 1917, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 37, p. 794) that a specimen he secured in British Guiana resembled a Dendrobates in life, so also the two which IJ took in Talamanca were so like Phyllobates that for some years they were identified as the very similarly colored P. lugubris with which they were associated in life. I use Lithodytes advisedly. The shoulder girdle of both Fort Randolph and the Barro Colorado Island specimens is Lepto- dactylus-like, although the ossification of the sternum is not complete in the Barro Colorado Island specimen. The terminal phalanges are distinctly T-shaped in both. Noble (loc. cit.) on a series of five Guiana specimens ranging in length from 22.5 to 45.5 mm., has maintained that while young specimens have a T-shaped terminal phalanx, adults have a simple pointed phalanx and has referred the species to Leptodactylus. His figures are not convincing to me, and I have assured myself that M. C. Z. no. 6033 from Trinidad, 48 mm. long, has the terminal phalanx of toe IV extremely T-shaped. Neither lineatus nor gaigez is reminiscent in habit of any Hleutherodactylus or Leptodactylus known to me, and under the circumstances I prefer to recognize the genus Lithodytes Fitzinger, type lineatus, only other known species gaigev. 389 Phyllobates flotator, sp. nov. Type.—Adult male, in my own collection, taken July, 1930. Type locality.—Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone. Range.—Costa Rica to Darien. Diagnosis.—A Phyllobates with black and white coloration; a lateral streak starting from middle of black lateral band in groin and reaching eye; male with white throat; male with swollen third finger; tadpole with no labial teeth and much produced lower lip. Description.—Type: adult male; snout slightly longer than orbit; loreal region vertical, slightly concave; interorbital space broader than upper eye- lid; tympanum indistinct, 14 size of eye; disks well developed, smaller than tympanum; third finger swollen, as wide as disk; disk of toe I half size of toe II; disk of toe V half size of disk of toe IV; top of toe I misses penultimate phalanx of toe II; tip of toe II reaches antepenultimate phalanx of toe III; tip of toe III reaches antepenultimate phalanx of toe IV; toe IV 21% phalanges beyond toe V; tip of toe V just past penultimate phalanx of toe III; two metatarsal tubercles; one tarsal tubercle; heel barely to eye; skin finely granular; gray above; white below; sides black; light line from groin to eye obliquely through black; upper lip white; dark line on anterior edge of thigh; _ dark line on dorsal surface of thigh running into another dark line on posterior edge of thigh at knee, ‘anvil-shaped marking’; dark anal triangle; legs not barred; head to snout 17 mm. Variation.—A female from the same locality is similar save for the third finger not being swollen. A specimen from Cana in Darien has slightly longer third and fifth toes. Remarks.—The Phyllobates from Panama, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua that I have seen fall into three groups; typical Phyl- lobates, without specialized tadpoles, or modified male third finger (these apparently stem from Hyloxalus, which has webbed toes), Phyllobates which have specialized tadpoles and modified male third finger (flotator and nubicola); and Phyllobates which have markings black and yellow instead of black and white, and ventral light markings. (These are close to Dendrobates.) There are still many problems in the group of three genera, even in the restricted region, but I feel reasonably sure about the species I have actually seen and these remarks must be taken as an arrangement of the material seen, and an attempt to allocate names based on unseen material. I have myself added to the confusion, for what I called tala- mancae in 1921 was based on one specimen of talamancae and one of latinasus, and while I properly segregated latinasus in -1924, I included the present flotator under talamancae. None of the three genera are known from north of Nicaragua. 390 Key to the Phyllobates of lower Central America. A. Markings white; no linear markings below. B. Tadpole with normal mouthparts; male with normal third finger; no complete light streak from groin to above eye. C. A light streak from groin to below eye; a dorso-lateral light streak from sacrum to above eye, above lateral black band; male with black throat; disk of toe I equals 14 disk of toe II; disk of toe V equals disk of toe IV; toe V reaching penultimate joint of toe TL Weewetas seni sec et een Stil hehe ee Seale al et Mest a talamancae. CC. No marked light streak from sacrum; at least a trace of a light streak from groin in lateral black band. D. Large (30 mm.); mottled below with gray in both sexes; a trace of groin streak; disk of toe I about equal to disk of toe II. kingsburyt. DD. Smaller (21 mm.); white below in both sexes; groin streak prom- inent to middle of side; disk of toe I equals 14 disk of toe II; disk of toe V about equal to disk of toe IV.......... latinasus. BB. Tadpole with umbrella mouthparts (much produced lower lip and re- duced labial teeth); male with much swollen third finger; a light streak from groin to above eye, cutting diagonally across black lateral band; disk of toe I equals 14 disk of toe II, disk of toe V equals 14 disk of toe IV. C. Larger (21 mm.); black line on thigh; throat and chest of male dark; thigh red in life; toe V reaching penultimate phalanx of toe DIA te ese eck ae ae ew Rs et REE ete Bute Sa Cr nubicola. CC. Smaller (17 mm.); hooked mark on thigh; thigh not red in life; male white below; toe V not reaching penultimate phalanx of AA. Markings yellow; linear markings below. B. Finger disks equals 14 diameter of tympanum and twice width of phalanx; finger I longer than finger IJ; light lateral streak to below eye; maxillary teeth definitely present..............:....lugubris. BB. Finger disks about equal to tympanum and three times the width of phalanx; finger I much shorter than finger II; light lateral streak to snout; toe I much reduced; no maxillary teeth.......... truncatus . Notes on THE Phyllobates oF LOWER CENTRAL AMERICA. Phyllobates talamancae (Cope). 1875, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia (2) 8, p. 102, pl. 23, fig. 6. Type——The type is from Old Harbour, Costa Rica (not in existence). It has been seen from Gatun, Panama (Univ. Michigan no. 52932), Suretka, Costa Rica (M. C. Z. no. 9813-18, 20-21), and Santa Cecilia, Costa Rica (M. C. Z. no. 7858). 391 I feel quite sure about the arrangement of this form and the proper allocation of the name. Phyllobates kingsburyi Boulenger. 1918, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), 2, p. 427. Type.—B. M. N. H. no. 1912-11—1-46-49 from El Topo, Rio Pastaza, Eastern Ecuador, 4200 feet. This has been seen from the types; Cana, Panama (U.S. N. M. no. 50197—200); and Rio Calobre, Panama (U. 8. N. M. no. 53737-8). These specimens [ have not seen recently. I am not wholly convinced that comparison of specimens would not show the Panamanian specimens to be different from the Ecua- dorian. Phyllobates latinasus Cope. 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 48. Type.—This is from Truando River, Colombia; probably not in existence. It has been seen from Rio Esnape, Panama (M. C. Z. no. 9207-9215); Cana, Panama (U. 8. N. M. no. 54231, 63005, 66318); Cerro Azul, Panama (U. S. N. M. no. 54174—-5); Almi- rante, Panama (M. C. Z. no. 9867-72); La Loma, Panama (M. C. Z. no. 10251-6); Santa Cecilia, Costa Rica (M. C. Z. no. 7859). The specimens seen are all the same species, and different from any other seen, but close to kingsburyz. Whether they are Cope’s species is perhaps questionable. Latimasus was described as 30 mm. long, which agrees with kingsburyz, but not with what I am calling latinasus, of which I have seen none over 21 mm. Otherwise the description agrees better with what I am calling latinasus than with what I am calling kingsburyi. Phyllobates nubicola Dunn. 1924, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 151, p. 7. Type.—Univ. Michigan no. 58292 from above Boquete on trail to Chiriqui Grande, Panama, 4500 feet. It has been seen from the type and others from the same trail on both sides of the divide. There is no doubt about this one. 392 Phyllobates flotator Dunn. This has been seen from Suretka, Costa Rica (M. C. Z. no. 9819); La Loma, Panama (M. C. Z. no. 10257-62) Las Caseadas (M. C. Z. no. 9989), Rio Chenillo, Balboa, Empire, Barro- Colorado Island (M. C. Z. no. 15289-92, 10728; Univ. Michigan no. 61620, 63587—93); Punta Bruja, Pacific side (M. C. Z. no. 16007); Cana, Panama (U. S. N. M. no. 50177). This is the common Barro Colorado species. Phyllobates lugubris (Schmidt). 1858, Denkschr. Acad. Wien. 14, 1. 250, pl. 2, fig. 14. Type.—Krakau no. 1016 from cloud forest on Boquete trail, - 5000-7000 feet. It has been seen from Talamanca Valley, Costa Rica (M. C. Z. no. 9902-3); Zent, Costa Rica (M. C. Z. no. 8022, type of Phyllobates beatriciae Barbour and Dunn 1921, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24, p. 159); Almirante, Panama (M. C. Z. no. 9873-7). The Krakau types, five in number, are completely faded, are 26 mm. long, and seem to have no maxillary teeth. They came, apparently, from much higher than any of the others. The largest of the recent specimens (and some were adult, tadpole- carrying males) was 20 mm. The description gives the coloration pretty exactly, except for an inverted horseshoe mark on the throat, which is not present in the recent specimens out is present in recent specimens of the next form). I am inclined to think Dendrobates tinctorius vittatus Gane 1893 (Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., p. 340) from Buenos Ayres, Costa Rica, the type of which is non-existent may come in here. Phyllobates truncatus Cope. 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 372. Type——The type, perhaps from New Grenada, is not in existence. I have seen it from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, and from Nicuesa, San Blas, Panama. Both localities are represented in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy. The specimens seen differ as given in the key from lugubris. They are all tiny, about 14 mm. long. No maxillary teeth can 393 be made out. Cope says that the finger disks equals 14 the tympanum, and that finger I equals finger II. In my specimens the finger disks equals the tympanum, and finger I is much shorter than finger II. But the coloration of mine agrees very well with Cope’s description, and nothing else from Panama does, and no other name at all fits them. I feel rather that I have seen only young specimens, and with both this and lugubris I am not certain as to their allocation in Phyllobates. The two are very much alike. Perhaps adults would have maxillary teeth, as my specimens of beatriciae-lugubris unquestionably do. Also, as I hope to make clear, they fit into no known Dendrobates species from the region. I am simply doing what I can with the material seen. Note on Aylozalus and Dendrobates rrom NICARAGUA AND _ PANAMA. One species of what might be called webbed-toed Phyllobates has been seen from the region (U.S. N. M. no. 50227, 66319—20 from Cana, Panama). Of the five species whose descriptions I know from Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela it agrees well enough with the very brief account of Hyloxalus fuliginosus Espada (1870, Jour. Soc. Lisboa 3, p. 59, San Jose de Moti, Eeuador). The five species have been described on a minimum of material, and I do not wish to add a name. In Dendrobates three forms are known to me from the region: a rather large species, black, spotted with green, usually called tinctorius, and quite widespread; a small red, black-spotted form, usually called typographus, from Nicaragua to western Panama; and a rather large, uniform red beast, from high altitudes in western Panama for which the name speciosus Schmidt 1858 (type, Krakau no. 1017) is applicable. The typographus form is Ke- ferstein 1867, and is definitely preoccupied by pumilio Schmidt 1858 (type Krakau no. 1018). True tinctorius has dorso-lateral light lines, and the Central American form had best be known as Dendrobates auratus Girard (1854, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7, p. 226; type not in existence, from Taboga Island, Panama). To auratus belongs maculatus Peters (1873, MB Ak. Berlin, p. 617) from Chiriqui, and amoenus Werner (1901, Verh. Ges. Wien 51 from Costa Rica; type Vienna 1904, 3, p. 95). Possibly 394 histrionca Berthold (1846, Nach. Géttingen, p. 15, pl. 1, fig. 8) from Popayan, Colombia may preoccupy auratus. To pumilio belongs ignitus Cope (1874, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 68) from Nicaragua the type of which is not — in existence. Much confusion exists concerning the Central American species or races of Atelopus (type A. flavescens from Cayenne). I have seen many or most of the types, and the original descrip- tions of all. I have also seen a good many modern specimens from the region, and am sure of at least one race as yet unnamed. I therefore proceed to name this race, and to give an analysis of the situation which will, I trust, clear up some of the confusion. - Stannius (1856, Handb. Zool. 2, p. 16) mentions an Atelopus varius seen in the Berlin Museum as exhibiting some vertebral fusion. The name is quite unidentifiable and is a nomen nudum pure and simple. In the privately published and distributed Nomenclator Rept. Amph. Mus. Berol. of 1856, signed by Lichtenstein and compiled _by Lichtenstein and Martens we find on page 40 Phyrnidium, gen. nov., type varzum sp. nov. followed on page 40 by var. a maculatum, var. b adspersum, and var. ¢ crucigerum. The specimens, 13 in number, were all from ‘Veragoa.’ One of the varieties is obviously a synonym of the typical form. Since crucigerum has been used otherwise, and since the description of adspersum conforms to what Keferstein in 1867 (Nach. Gét- tingen, p. 350) described as Atelopus varius from Costa Rica and which has always gone by that name, and since the types of adspersum (Berlin no. 3377-8 from Veragua) also agree with Costa Rican specimens, the name adspersum may be taken as a synonym of the typical form, as is Hylaemorphus Pluto Schmidt 1858 (Denkschr. Ak. Wien, p. 255) from Costa Rica. True Atelopus varius varius is a small form (40 mm.), black (sometimes bluish gray) above, much marked with red and yellow above. I have taken numbers of them near San Jose, Costa Rica, and have seen many specimens from upper Costa Rica. There are no specimens from Panama except the types of adspersum and Berlin 3380. There were four in the original series of adspersum. The type of maculatum is a larger form with fewer and larger 395 spots, and regularly barred legs. It is Berlin no. 3379 from Veragua and is two inches long. A specimen from Cameron, Chiriqui is Berlin no. 7743. These agree with specimens from the trail between the. Chiriqui Lagoon and Boquete which I took myself, and with the types (Krakau no. 1014, four speci- mens, 53 mm. long), and the description of Hylaemorphus Dumeriliit Schmidt (loc. cit., p. 255, pl. 3, figs. 23-24) from the same region at 8000 feet, collected by von Warszewicz. It is highly probable that this gentleman collected both the Berlin type and the Krakau series. The type of crucigerum (Berlin no. 3381) from Veragua has a yellow lateral band around snout and body. It is thus like the description and the type (Krakau no. 1015) of Hylaemorphus Bibronit Schmidt from ‘near Panama 2000-3000 feet.’ I have _ seen six modern (four in the Mus. Comp. Zod6l.) specimens from the Val de Anton (780 m.) in Coclé province which I feel sure are this form. The Krakau type is 36 mm. long. The descrip- tion gives crucigerum as 114 inches. The modern ones I have seen are all large. Two are immaculate yellow, two are slightly spotted with black, and one, 52 mm. long, has several black spots on the legs, and several on the body, including a very definite X-mark on the head. In all probability von Warszewicz collected the types of both. I believe the black pigment dis- appears as the animal grows older. _ The situation is complicated by three specimens in Berlin, Puerto Cabello, no. 3382, and Caracas, no. 3383-4, all labeled types of crucigerum. I was unable to convince myself in Berlin that they were the same species or race as the Veragua type, no. 3377. They reminded me then of the type of certus from Darien, and the figure of cruciger in Giinther 1858 is now decidedly reminiscent of these Venezuela specimens. But the figure of cruciger in Gtinther certainly does not represent Panama ma- terial, being warty instead of smooth and having the toes half webbed instead of entirely webbed. Furthermore Lichtenstein and Martens mention 5 specimens of crucigerum from Veragua, and three smaller ones which they thought the same. Only one of these is now to be found. I cannot completely solve this problem, but I think it clear that Atelopus varius cruciger must be used for Panama animals. 396 In the region east of the Canal Zone two or possibly three races are to be found. All are modern specimens. They come from Cerro Azul near the Canal Zone (U. 8. N. M. no. 54183-4, 54186-96, all young); Rio Jappe, Darien (U. 8. N. M. no. | 53964—5, young); Pirri Range, Darien (U.S. N. M. no. 50230-48, all adult); Cana, Darien (U.S. N. M. no. 50168-75, 50226, 54230, and 66316. The last is very young); Porto Obaldia, Darien (U. 8. N. M. no. 48594—5, adult); Mt. Sapo, Darien (M. C. Z. no. 8538, type of Atelopus spurrell: certus Barbour and many paratypes). Of these, the specimens from Cerro Azul, Rio Jappe, Pirri Range, and Cana, if due regard be paid to age changes, are the same. The young have light bellies with a few small spots; - dorsally they are brown with the legs barred with light and a couple of linear yellow marks or bands in the shape of inverted U’s or V’s. The adult has an immaculate light belly, and either a uniform brown dorsum, or with tiny light dots, circles or semi- circles. For this race I propose the name Atelopus varius glyphus, the _type of which is U. 8. N. M. no. 50320 from Pirri Range, Darien. ~The Porto Obaldia specimens have the same markings as the small young from Cana, but they are as large as Cana adults. Possibly they should be considered a separate race, but since only two specimens are known, I prefer to consider them glyphus for the time being. The Mt. Sapo specimens, of which Barbour and Brooks took nearly fifty, were brick red in life, with considerable spotting below in males (females almost immaculate). Above the light color was reduced to fine lines which surround rounded black spots (larger in males than in females). Barbour says they have ‘no marked structural differences from varius’ with which I agree entirely, having just carefully com- pared some San Jose varius with a paratype of certus, but he says ‘it lacks the inherent quality of varzus, which is variability.’ I cannot agree that varius at San Jose, or even over a wide range in Costa Rica is any more variable than is certus on Mt. Sapo. I have seen true varius from some nineteen localities, and all were alike, save for the occasional bluish gray ground color, which seemed to crop up in several localities. Also, the specimens and figures of maculatum and dumerilii collected over 397 80 years ago can be matched spot for spot with recent specimens from the same trail. We have then in Costa Rica and Panama the species Atelopus varius, smooth, with slim form, fully webbed toes. It is divided into the following races: Atelopus varius varius (Lichtenstein and Martens) from upper Costa Rica and into Panama. It is small and heavily spotted above with irregular red and yellow marks. Atelopus varius maculatus (Lichtenstein and Martens) from high western Panama. This is large and sparsely spotted with rounded yellow spots. Atelopus varius cruciger (Lichtenstein and Martens) from mountains near Panama City to the west. This race is large with the black much reduced or entirely gone, or occasionally persisting as an X-mark on head. Atelopus varius glyphus Dunn from the mountains of Darien. It is brown marked with lighter, the brown predominating, and sometimes uniform; a large race. Atelopus varius certus Barbour from the mountains of Gara- chine peninsula. A small race with dark predominating in close-set, rounded spots. The light markings are red in life. I might add that Noble (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37,-p. 66, 1924) has stated that the National Museum possesses Atelopus varius from Miraflores, but no such specimens are now in the collection, nor anything from Miraflores which could possibly be confused with Atelopus. Also there is no record in Washington of any such specimens having been there. Noble says they were collected by Goldman. Error has certainly crept in here. I might also add that the types of Giinther’s Phryniscus laevis 1858 (Cat. Batr. Grad. Brit. Mus., p. 48, pl. 3, fig. 1) were said to come from Panama (two), Quito, and Chile. I have seen no modern Panamanian specimens. I am inclined to think that Phirix pachydermus Schmidt 1858 (loc. cit., p. 256, pl. 3, fig. 26) from near Bonaventura, 5,000 feet, is the same and antedates it. Centrolene valerioi, sp. nov. Type.—M. C. Z. no. 16008. Type locality —La Palma, Costa Rica, 4,500 feet. Range.—Known only from type locality. 398 Diagnosis.—Centrolene without humeral hooks, no vomerine teeth; tym- panum a'most aborted; nostri’s raised, prominently; bones white; color in life white with a dorsal green network. Description.—Tongue circular; head broader than long, semicircular as seen from above save for projection made by nostrils; eyes directed forward, their diameter greater than their distance from tip of snout; canthus rostralis rounded but distinct; lores concave; nostrils protuberant, causing snout to overhang; interorbital space twice as wide as upper eyelid; tympanum barely visible, directed upward, 1 the diameter of eye; fingers with disks wider than tympanum, truncate; first finger longer than second; web on about 1% of outer fingers, to penultimate phalanx of 3 and 4; inner fingers webbed at base; toes webbed to just short of disks of 3 and 5, not quite to penultimate phalanx of 4: a single weak inner metatarsal tubercle; heel reaches to beyond snout; smooth above, belly and thighs rugose; in life white, a narrow green dorsal stripe, green vermiculations on dorsal surface and on shin, thigh unpigmented, white be- neath, iris golden; in preservative white, a few faint dark chromatophores where green was in life; length 21 mm., width of head 8; arm 13, leg 39 mm. Variation.—A paratype (M. C. Z. no. 16004) from the same locality is practically identical. Remarks.—Manuel Valerio and I collected these two speci- mens the nights of Jan. 15-16, 1929. Its relationships may best be shown by a key to the species of this group known to me from Panama and Costa Rica, four in all, all of which I have seen in the field. A. Tympanum completely absent; no vomerine teeth; snout very flat; bones white; uniform green in life with white spots above; gular sac white; upper eyelid golden; iris silver with dark lines; no humeral hook; in preservative, white with sparse chromatophores black. ; fleischmannt. AA. Tympanum tiny; no vomerine teeth; nostrils raised, prominent; bones white; green dorsal stripe and chain markings in life above; gular sac white; iris golden; no humeral hook, in preservative white with few dark chromatophores in vermiculations. . . . valeriot. AAA. Tympanum distinct; vomerine teeth present in 6 out of 13; snout normal; bones green; green above in life; gular sac green; a rudi- mentary humeral hook, not. projecting; in preservative uniform purple above; fingers more webbed................... pulveratum. AAAA. Tympanum distinct; vomerine teeth present in 32 out of 34; snout normal; bones green; green above in life with black dots; a white line around upper jaw; gular sac green; iris black with gold lines; a well developed humeral hook in males, and in some females; in preservative purple above usually (36 out of 41) with black dots; = fingers less webbed... sce vicne 2 rent ee Ole omtoriaiee prosoblepon. In view of the resemblances between prosoblepon and pulvera- tum as against fleischmanni and valerioi, and of the uncertain 399 nature of the vomerine teeth as even a specific character, and as I have seen only one female of prosoblepon with a humeral hook, I cannot accept the genus Centrolenella (Noble 1920, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 52, p. 441, type C. antioquiensis) as distinct from Centrolene (based on absence of hook and _ of vomerine teeth.) I have seen the following in the field: two valeriot from La Palma; ten prosoblepon from La Palma; two pulveratum from Barro Colorado Island; one fleischmanni from Suretka, four from San Jose, and six were taken and more seen on Barro Colorado Island. I say this because I might otherwise seem to be dealing harshly with the species of a supposedly rare and little-known group. Besides the 25 of my own collecting I have seen. 60 more of these forms in various museums, so my remarks are based on 85 specimens, 78 of which are from Panama and Costa Rica. The results: of observations on these specimens are the following ranges and synonymies: Centrolene fleischmanni. San Jose, La Palma, Turrialba, Surubres, Suretka, Costa Rica; Ft. Davis, Barro Colorado Island, Rio Esnape, Calah Cr., Rio Sucubti, Panama; Salidero, Ecuador 29 specimens. (Hylella fleischmanni Boettger, Ber. Senckenberg, Ges. 1893, p. 251, San Jose, Costa Rica, Type, Senck. Mus. no. 1419a; Hylella chrysops Cope 1894, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 196, San Jose and Alajuela, Costa Rica; Centrolenella para- bambae Noble 1925, Amer. Mus. Nov. 165 p. 18). Centrolene valeriot. La Palma, Costa Rica. 2 specimens. Centrolene pulveratum. Turrialba, Bebedero, Costa Rica; Chiriqui, Barro Colorado Island, Panama; Pueblo Rico, Choco, Colombia (?); Paramba, Salidero, Rio Durango, Rio Japayo, Ecuador. 13 specimens. (Hyla pulverata Peters, M. B. Ak. Berlin, 1873, p. 614, Chiriqui, type Berlin no. 7842; Hylella parambae Boulenger 1898, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 125, pl. 17, fig. 2 (para- bambae in original desc. but ovbious typ. error.) Paramba, Ec. Type, B. M. N. H. no. 98—4—28—163). Centrolene prosoblepon. La Palma, Bebedero, Limon, La Junta, San Isidro, Costa Rica; Bocas del Toro, Bugaba, Progreso, Boquete, Cabima, Las Cascadas, Barro Colorado Island, Panama. 41 specimens. (Hyla prosoblepon Boettger, Kat. Batr. Mus. Senckenberg, 1892, p. 45, La Junta, Costa Rica, type, Senck. Mus. no. 1400, 1a; Hylella puncticrus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1896, 18, p. 341, La Palma, Costa Rica, type, B. M. N. H. no. 96~10—-8-70-71). Several species of this group have been described from South America, and I have not seen the types, but save for valerioz, which is obviously distinct, the Central American names ante- date all others, and are certainly applicable. 400 Hyla colymba, sp. nov. Hyla albomarginata Dunn 1924, Occas. Papers Univ. Michigan Mus. Zodl. 151, p. 3. Type.—M. C. Z. no. 10234, collected by Chester Duryea and E. R. Dunn, 1923. Type locality—La Loma (or Buenavista) on trail from Chiriqui Lagoon to Boquete, about 1500 feet altitude. Diagnosis.—A small Hyla of the albomarginata group; differing in smaller size; smaller tympanum; no pollicial spur; less web; smaller disks; and in the presence of a fringe on last phalanx of fingers and toes, which is beyond the web, and wider than the disks. Description.—Tongue circular; head a pointed oval; snout blunt; vomerine teeth in two arcuate groups between the nares; canthus rostralis rounded; lores sloping; interorbital space much wider than upper eyelid; eye less than its distance from snout, greater than its distance from the nostril; tympanum Ys eye, half covered by supratympanic fold which reaches elbow; smooth above, belly and underside of thigh granular; a gular vocal sac; no chest fold; no heel flap; palms granular; fingers III-IV 144 webbed, III—II the web reaches _ ¥ on III and 1% on II, II-I rudimentary; toes a phalanx of IV and disk free, not to disks of III and V, II-III a phalanx and disk free; II—-I rudimentary; disks smaller than width of digits, the same size as tympanum; fingers and toes with a fringe wider than disks on last phalanx; heel to snout; heels meeting ‘when appressed; color in life brownish green; in preservative pale, with more or less expanded chromatophores and whitish points; length 32 mm. Variation.—Another adult varies only in degree of expansion of the chromatophores; a young specimen (22 mm.) has a rudi- mentary tail and less web. It was, in life, bright. green with tiny dark dots, and a white line from the eye over the tympanum. M. C. Z. no. 10232-3, 10235-438, frogs and tadpoles, are para- types. | a Remarks.—There is no doubt that this form is distinct from either Barro Colorado Island or Brazilian albomarginata, with both of which I have compared it. The differences are not obvious at first sight, and my recognition of this form as distinct has arisen from the striking color differences observed in Barro Colorado specimens (webs red, red on concealed surfaces of thigh); on the differences in the calls of the two (a metallic ‘cheep’ in the new form, an explosive ‘bop’ in Barro Colorado Island); a note from Dr. Adolpho Lutz, suggesting that the Brazilian albomarginata has very different tadpoles from the La Loma form as described by me in 1924. The differences mentioned in the diagnosis hold for both 401 Barro Colorado specimens and for Brazilian ones. I am not sure that the albomarginata from Central America do not deserve racial recognition. ‘The glandular dorso-lateral fold is much less developed in the northern specimens (seen from Barro Colorado Island, Trinidad River, Panama; San Carlos, Costa Rica; Ma- chuco, Maselina Cr., Nicaragua). Nor do I know whether the Brazilian specimens have the red on webs and thighs. At any rate, the general type is represented in Central America by a beast differing but slightly from the Brazilian, and by a smaller beast, which has gone into the mountain brook habitat and has very specialized tadpoles, as described by me in 1924. Vou. 5, p. 403-421. OctTosER 10, 1931. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. THE AMPHIBIANS OF BARRO COLORADO ISLAND. BY EMMETT R. DUNN. THANKS to the kindness of Dr. Thomas Barbour, and to the administrators of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellow- ship, I have been enabled to make a considerable study of the herpetological fauna of lower Central America, both in the field, and in museums at home and abroad. The present paper is an attempt to put some of my notes into an immediately useful form. It is primarily a guide to the species of amphibians found on Barro Colorado Island, their habits and habitats. I have added those species known from the Panama Canal Zone, and those known from the provinces of Panama and Colon, which surround the Zone. I shall not attempt to repeat what has been so often and so well done, a general description of Barro Colorado Island. I shall merely indicate here the dates of the extremely pleasant occasions when I sojourned on the island: Nov. 12—Dec. 24, 1928; Feb. 8-16, 1929; July 15—-Aug. 2, 1930. In order to give meaning to dates mentioned in the accounts of the species; I give the rainfall data for the time I spent on the island. During February, 1929, rain fell twice, 0.05 inches, and 0.02 inches. Date Inches Date Inches Date Inches Nov. 11 0.13 Noy. 21 0.04 Dec. 1 0.01 1D) 0.83 22, 0.36 2 0.01 13 0.40 23 0.11 3 0.00 14 2.84 24 0.14 4 0.05 15 0.20 25 0.20 5 0.04 16 0.00 26 0.34 6 0.50 17 0.20 27 1.49 a 0.69 18 0.64 28 0.10 8 0.24 19 3.64 29 0.04. 9 3.79 20 2.34 30 0.01 10 0.45 1 Contributions from the Department of Biology, Haverford College, no. 6. 403 404 Date Inches Date Inches Date — Inches Dec. 11 0.77 July 10 0.00 July 20 0.02 12 0.01 11 0.74 4 21 0.00 13 0.00 12 0.91 22 0.00 14 0.00 13 0.15 23 0.47 15 0.00 14 0.08 24 0.50 16 0.00 15 1.03 25 0.11 17 0.00 16 0.00 26 0.11 18 0.00 17 ~— 0.30 27 0.01 19 0.42 18 0.46 28 0.04 20 0.04 19 0.41 29 0.00 21 0.12 30 0.00 31 0.00 Aug. 1 0.01 November, 1928, had an excess of 2.5 inches, December, 1928, had an excess of 2.99 inches, and July, 1930, had a deficiency of 4.32 inches on a five year average. : The amphibian fauna of Barro Colorado Island, at the time of writing, consists of one caecilian, two salamanders, and 30 frogs, a total of 33 species. Twelve additional frogs are known to occur in the limits of the Canal Zone. The Provinces of Panama and Colon, which surround the Zone, harbor an additional sala- mander and nine more frogs, and bring the total count up to 55 species. Our knowledge of the amphibian fauna is by no means com- plete, but it is fairly clear that, as far as the Canal Zone and Barro Colorado Island are concerned, no very material increment is to be expected. This statement calls for further elucidation, and indeed no guide to the amphibians of Barro Colorado and the Canal Zone would be complete without some consideration of the faunistic and ecological relations of the region. Amphibian distribution in the tropics is largely a matter of rainfall (total and seasonal) and altitude. Except for very high altitudes (which do not enter our consideration) temperature plays little part, and the effect of mountains of low altitude is largely their effect on rainfall. The whole region of the Zone is one in which there are two marked seasons, a rainy season from May to November, and a dry from December to April. This distribution of rainfall holds — true for Balboa, Barro Colorado, Colon, Chiriqui, and Garachine 405 in Darien. It does not hold true for Bocas in western Panama or for Cartago in Costa Rica, where for various reasons there is no marked dry season at all, but two periods of maximum rains and two periods of somewhat drier weather. Thus a year’s record for Bocas shows no month in which the fall was less than 5 inches, July and August had ten or more inches and so did November, December and January. This is for a year in which Bocas had a total of 104 inches. Colon, with a three year average of 150 inches, had a marked dry season from January to April, the average fall for these months being 2.08 inches. Within the region of the Zone there are marked differences between the Pacific side and the Atlantic, with Barro Colorado occupying an intermediate position, although it is on the At- lantic slope and nearer Colon. Three yearly averages for Balboa, Barro Colorado, and Colon give 77, 112, and 150 inches respec- tively. A five year average for Barro Colorado gives 100 inches yearly rainfall. By and large, as I shall show later, the amphibian distribution reflects these differences in rainfall. ath There is a region of very elevated mountains in Costa Rica, which extends into western Panama. This has its appropriate effect on the fauna, and many species are known only from. that region. The Canal Zone lies in a region of especially low altitude, the so-called ‘Panama fault.’ No very elevated mountains are to be found in Eastern Panama. Barro Colorado Island, then, is a locality of low elevation, of medium rainfall with marked seasonal change. It thus lacks species which need altitude, either more or less total rain, and those which cannot stand a marked dry season. Several species seem confined to the immediate Atlantic coast in the Canal Zone region, and a fair proportion of these seem extensions from the Costa Rican region where the rains are not so seasonal. Others again seem restricted to the Pacific side, while a few seem to prefer the higher regions to the east and west of the Zone. It is difficult to produce a list of these, since our knowledge is so imperfect, but there are enough such cases to justify the statement, and I would be rather surprised if any of these forms ’ were to be found on Barro Colorado. There are, however, forms found on both sides of the region, 406 but not yet found in it, and doubtless some or all of these are to be expected eventually. Such are: Oedipus platydactylus, Gas- trotheca, Hyla leucophyllata, Phyllomedusa, Hypopachus, and Gastrophryne, known from Costa Rica and from South America, Bufo simus, Bufo veraguensis, Pleurodema, Hyla crepitans, from — western Panama and from South America, and Leptodactylus melanonotus from western Panama and from Darien. Some 23 species are known definitely from western Panama which have never been taken in our region. From eastern Pan- ama, only two such species are known, Hyla rosenbergi and Hy- lozalus fuliginosus. Panama therefore may be divided into two regions of amphibian distribution, the extreme west, and all the rest, including the Canal Zone, to the Colombian border. Noth- ing approaching a boundary can be set to these regions, and none is to be expected, yet the difference between the amphibian faunas of Almirante and of Barro Colorado Island is quite- marked. Within the region, Centrolene pulveratum, Agalychnis calcari- fer, Hyla underwoodi, and Rana zeteki have been taken only on the island. The island itself was, of course, originally a hill. The northern side is quite steep, the middle and the eastern end are rather flat, and the south and west sides are gently sloping. The streams are all rather rapid, except the upper courses of some in the center of the island, where rather large permanent pools may be found, and swampy places in the rainy season. Such still water is found between Zetek 3 and Armour 9 (habitat of Hyla albomarginata), and near the junction of Van Tyne-Chapman (habitat of Agalychnis callidryas). Both these places also shelter quite large caymans. The only other still water habitats are the inlets. Here Hyla underwoodi and Hyla boulengert may be found, wherever the water is sufficiently sheltered from waves. Most of the other amphibians seem able to use running water, or are terrestrial in their breeding habits. I have tried to explain my belief that no great results may be expected from further intensive collecting on the island. This is especially confirmed by my finding the same creatures breeding in July, 1930, that I found breeding in November and December, 407 1928. Of the 33 species known from the island the breeding habits of over half are completely unknown, and the information concerning most of the others is very meager. For more refined work on individuals the field is almost unlimited. And nowhere on earth can such work be done so easily or under such good conditions. It is with the idea of facilitating such He history work that this paper has been written. In the list and key which follow persons acquainted with the literature may notice certain differences from records published by Noble (1924, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37, p. 65-72) based on the collections of the National Museum. These records follow. The record of Bufo valliceps from Porto Bello (based on a specimen of B. coniferus); Agalychnis moreleti from Panama (based on a specimen of this species collected in Guatemala by Van Patten) ; Atelopus varius from Miraflores (no such specimen is in the National Museum); Hleutherodactylus broccht from Cerro Bruja (not seen, but specimens from Pirri Range labeled brocchi are what I am ealling ventrimarmorata). The only other recent list from the region is that of Barbour (1906, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 46, p. 224—229). This is for islands in the Gulf of Panama, and for the savanna region near Panama City. Mr. Arthur Loveridge has kindly looked up some of these specimens for me. The following records need to be changed: Coecilia gracilis (p. 228), M. C. Z. no. 2502, is seen Caecilia ochrocephala. Hylodes brocchi (p. 229) from San Miguel Island is a specimen of Hleutherodactylus fitzingert, M. C. Z. no. 8024. Bufo spinulesus (p. 229) is a specimen of Bufo marinus, M. C. Zane. 2438. — Phryniscus laevis (p. 228) which was M. C. Z. no. 2487, has been ‘spoiled and discarded.’ In the absence of any other modern ‘specimens, this record may be questioned. Hyla leucophyllata (p. 229). The ‘five’ examples from Panama cannot now be found, nor can Mr. Loveridge find any clue as to their whereabouts or identity. The record may well be held in abeyance for the present. 408 APODA Caecilia ochrocephala Cope. I have not taken this myself, but have seen it alive on the Island. A good many have been taken in various digging opera- - tions around the laboratory. It apparently goes as far as ten feet underground. Coecilia sabogae Barbour from Saboga Island is a synonym. CAUDATA Oedipus lignicolor (Peters). This has been taken on the Rio Tapia, Prov. Panama. Oedipus complex Dunn. One young one was taken under debris along the Donato trail, Dec. 13. Oedipus parvipes (Peters). I have five records from the Island, pretty well scattered. One taken on the Lutz trail July 18, was crossing the path at night during a drizzle. The others were all found under debris in the daytime. SALIENTIA Bufo haematiticus Cope. This has been taken at Margharetta (Camp Mary Caretta) and at Rio Chillibrillo in the Canal Zone. It is apparently rather rare there, although it is common enough to the east and to the west. ' Bufo granulosus Spix. The most northern record is from the Rio Calobre. Bufo typhonius (Linné). I am not sure I should use this name for the common Island and Panama species. It never has crests so developed as the South American type, in spite of the fact that adult breeding males and females have been taken. It was calling the night of December 9 at Zetek 3, and a mated pair were taken there on the 10th. The callis alow purr. I have many records for the island. r Bufo coniferus Cope. This has been taken at Gatun and on the upper Trinidad river. 409 Bufo marinus (Linné). It is rare on the island and three have been seen. Engystomops pustulosus (Cope). While no distinction was made in the field between this and the following species, the fact that, outside of two from the Island in the Michigan collection, all from Panama are pustulosus, makes it reasonable that the following notes refer to this species rather than to ruthvent. It is very common on the Island. I have heard it calling December 10, July 15-August 2. The note may be transliterated as ‘wheenk’ or as ‘wheu-ak-ak.’ The eggs are laid in a mass of froth, which will float, or which may persist for some time in the absence of water. They are laid rather regardless of the amount of water, from a purely temporary rainfall in a post hole to a pool in a permanent stream. The tad- poles hatch in about 72 hours, the eggs being kept in water. There is some indication of males taking stations and mating with a succession of females. Notes for the monkey cage near the laboratory are as follows: July 18, patch of eggs in post hole; July 24, calling at night in cage and in post hole; (5 specimens taken from cage and vicinity night of July 24 and afternoon of July 25); July 25, mated pair in cage at night; July 26, eggs in cage in morning, another set at night; August 2, afternoon, four males calling in cage. Eggs taken from monkey cage (set of night of July 26) hatched in laboratory July 29. The breeding habits of this species have been reported by Noble (1925, Amer. Mus. Nov. 165, p. 2) from notes by Chapin and Breder. Engystomops ruthveni (Netting). The only Panamanian specimens seen in the collections of - Michigan, Harvard, and the National Museum are two from the Island in the Michigan collection no. 61615. Leptodactylus labialis (Cope). This has been taken at Fort Sherman and at Majagual. Leptodactylus bolivianus Boulenger. This common Pacific-side species has been taken once on the 410 Island, an adult female was taken the night of July 22 at the Drayton House. Leptodactylus insularum from Saboga and San Miguel is a synonym. Leptodactylus quadrivittatus Cope. It has been taken once in the region at the Rio Tocumen. Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Laurenti). Rather rare on the Island. I have three records. One was in a burrow at the junction of the Barbour and the Donato trails. K. P. Schmidt and his colleagues of the Crane expedition spent nearly a day in vain, trying to excavate it from what proved to be quite an extensive underground habitation. _ Lithodytes gaigei Dunn. This species has been taken once on the Island by the Gaiges.. The Museum of Comparative Zoélogy has it from Fort Randolph. Eleutherodactylus gollmeri (Peters). This species has been taken on Cerro Bruja, and the specimen served as the type of EH. goldmani Noble. It ranges from Hon- duras to Venezuela, and is quite common in Costa Rica. Eleutherodactylus polyptychus (Cope). This common Costa Rican species has been met with only at Gatun and at Rio Chenillo. Eleutherodactylus bufoniformis (Boulenger). This large and hideous frog is not uncommon on the Island around rock outcrops in the beds of streams. Eleutherodactylus biporcatus (Peters). This widespread species is mostly met with in high and dry localities on the Island. Here as elsewhere adults are very scarce, in fact I have seen only tiny specimens on the Island. The adults of this, the largest Hleutherodactylus, are decidedly a problem. Possibly, as their developed bony heads might indicate, they live in burrows. Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri (Schmidt). The commonest of ‘its genus on the Island and wherever else 411 it occurs. It is usually found near water. A male, 51 mm. long, was found on June 6 sitting on 44 eggs under leaves on a hillside by Loomis and Shannon. They were left until June 12, when | both frog and eggs were collected. One egg was dissected and the little frog began jumping around as soon as removed. (The col- lector’s field notes are with specimens in the United States National Museum.) Eleutherodactylus longirostris (Boulenger). This is much rarer on the Island than is fitzingert and appar- ently not so restricted to the neighborhood of water. I have about 4 records as against 17 of fitzingerz. Eleutherodactylus cerasinus (Cope). One specimen from Gatun is in the Michigan collection. It is very common in Costa Rica. Eleutherodactylus ventrimarmoratus (Boulenger). This has been seen from the Rio Chenillo. Its status and that of cerasinus is somewhat uncertain in the region. Eleutherodactylus ockendeni (Boulenger). Not uncommon in drier and higher localities on the Island. There are about 11 records. Closely related to both cerasinus and to ventrimarmoratus. Eleutherodactylus lutosus molinoi (Barbour). This tiny frog is not at all rare on the Island. It ranges in color from almost as dark as typical Costa Rican lutosus, to as light as the type of molinor. The absence of the tympanum is amply distinctive. Eleutherodactylus diastema (Cope). Probably the commonest frog on the Island and certainly the noisiest. Its clear whistle has been heard from Nov. 12, to Dec. 25, on Feb. 9, and from July 15 to Aug. 2. This is the ‘Hyla chica’ of Noble, and the ‘Syrrhopus ineptus’ of Barbour, as well as the ‘Hylodes gularis’ of Boulenger. It is the only Eleuwthero- dactylus of the region to have a well developed gular sac, and is the only vociferous species. It is allied only to EL. hylaeformis of the Pico Blanco on the Panama-Costa Rica border, and to £. varleyi of Cuba. ; 412 After a rain on the night of November 17 a calling male was found with a female and a batch of 11 eggs. The eggs were be- tween a leaf and the side of a rock and were stuck to both. The female was still gravid, and the eggs were well developed, and . probably laid after the last rain (night of Nov. 13 or 14). This looks like a case of male station and second mating. Phyllobates truncatus Cope. What I provisionally identify as this species is a tiny frog which I have seen three times on the south side of the Island. Phyllobates talamancae (Cope). I have seen one from Gatun in the Michigan collection. Phyllobates kingsburyi Boulenger. I have seen two from the Rio Calobre. Phyllobates latinasus Cope. I have seen two from the Cerro Azul. Phyllobates flotator Dunn. A very common frog from the stream banks of the Island. It is diurnal and calls in the daytime. The call is a faint ‘peep peep.’ Two were taken in amplexus 8 feet up on the bank of the stream at Shannon 4, about 3 p. m. on November 14. The male was calling, after a morning rain. I noticed the umbrella mouth tadpoles feeding on the surface film on November 15. Tadpoles were found in a puddle in a hollow rock off the Wheeler trail November 30 well away from any permanent stream. A male was taken carrying tadpoles on December 14, and another carrying three tadpoles on July 31, at Pearson 15, 440 yards away from water. They were calling July 23. I saw one out at night on February 9. Dendrobates auratus (Girard). Not common, found in the higher parts of the Island. I have three records. Atelopus varius cruciger (Lichtenstein and Martens). I have seen this from Val de Anton. 413 Atelopus varius glyphus Dunn. I have seen this from Cerro Azul. Hemiphractus panamensis (Stejneger). This is known only from the type from Signal Loma, near Porto Bello. Hyla microcephala Cope. This is known from Frijoles (a specimen taken by Donato and brought to the Island in July), Gatun, Juan Diaz, Balboa. Hyla ceratophrys Stejneger. _ This Hyla is known only from the type from the upper Pe- queni River. . Hyla rubra Daudin. This species (which includes Hyla elaeochroa Cope) has been taken at Gatun, San Pablo, and Trinidad River. Hyla boulengeri (Cope). This species I know from four calling males taken from floating grass patches near the Drayton House on November 22. The very catlike note was ‘cree.’ I think I have heard it at the lab- oratory dock on December 1, and at the Drayton House on July 22. Hyla underwoodi Boulenger. Four, including a mated pair, were taken the night of Novem- ber 28 in bushes at edge of lake near Armour House. The note was ‘ik lik.’ On December 2 I caught two males calling near the dock at the laboratory. I heard them at the Drayton House on July 22. Hyla phaeota Cope. This is what has commonly been called baudini from Panama and includes dolomedes Barbour. Rather common on the Island. I have notes of a good many. A calling male was taken February 10. The note is a loud croak. They were calling July 16. Hyla gabbii Cope. This is common near the laboratory. Apparently restricted in its appearance to the dry season or to nights when it does not 414 rain. The calling station is rock slopes in stream beds. On these places there is a strong flow of water during rains, and they are dry on dry nights or in the dry season. The eggs are appar- ently laid in small water-holding crevices on such slopes. The . calling dates to follow should be compared with the rainfall schedule, and especially note their absence when much rain falls. They appeared first November 24. The note is a gutteral croak. Eggs were laid in the laboratory. They are 2 mm. in diameter, the capsule being 5 mm. in diameter. They stick to the bottom of the dish. Called again November 29 ‘awk ek ek;’ laid again in laboratory; some eggs were in a floating film; calling December 2, 3, 5 (they were calling before a rain and stopped when rain began), 11, 12, 13, Feb. 9, 10, 15. None at all were seen or heard in July or. August. Hyla venulosa (Laurenti). This has been seen from Punta Paitilla. Hyla albomarginata Spix. _This is found only around the stream at Zetek 3 and from there to Armour 9, in the thicket of Ananas magdalenae. The note is a loud explosive ‘bop.’ They were heard calling on December 3, 9, 21, and August 1. Agalychnis dacnicolor (Cope). What I believe to be this species is known only from the hollow in the big tree on the Van Tyne trail. Two lots of large eggs were hanging here December 14 (heavy rains took place Decem- ber 8.and 9). Large tadpoles (not from these eggs) were taken from the hole on December 17 and by December 28 had devel- oped so far that they were definitely not callidryas, calcarifer, or spurrelli, since the webbing of the fingers was too slight. Under these circumstances I pronounce them dacnicolor until adults shall confirm or contradict my diagnosis. Agalychnis callidryas (Cope). There is a colony of these in the pond near the junction of Van Tyne-Chapman. Here they were heard calling December 18-and 19, and July 19 and 25. The note is ‘tlock.’ They call from about six to eight feet up in the trees. 415 Agalychnis calcarifer Boulenger. A single specimen of this most beautifully colored of all frogs was taken the night of December 18 near the Van Tyne tree. It is the third known specimen, the two others having come from ° Ecuador and from Colombia. Agalychnis spurrelli Boulenger. This large species has been taken twice on the Island, the night of November 15 near the Laboratory, and the night of July 22 near Drayton 15. Centrolene pulveratum (Peters). Two calling males were caught near the Laboratory on a bush above a stream on the night of November 20. The note was ‘tsee.’ The male has a green vocal sac. Centrolene prosoblepon (Boettger). The University of Michigan has two from the island. Centrolene fleischmanni (Boettger). This species is quite common on the Island. The breeding habits of this species have been described by Noble under the name of Centrolenella parabambae (1923, Amer. Mus. Nov. 165, p. 18) from notes by Breder. I can confirm his remarks. The note I cannot distinguish from that of pulveratum. The eggs are laid on the under sides of leaves above streams. My first were November 21, twenty feet up on a palm leaf. On the next pinnate piece of the leaf. a male was calling. On another pinnate piece was a later batch of eggs. The chances are these two batches were laid the nights of November 19, and 20 respectively. This looks like a case of a male taking a calling station and mating two successive nights and calling for a third mate. They were noticed calling on November 26. On July 18 they were calling and eggs were noted in the stream valleys on both sides of the laboratory both high up in palms and low down in bushes. Again I noticed two batches of eggs in different stages associated with a single calling male. Calling males might be with or without eggs. I got eggs again on July 21, and they were calling on July 23. 416 Elachistocleis ovale (Schneider). A single specimen was found in the collection of the Collegio La Salle in Panama City, and since all their specimens without ’ further data were said to be local, it is here included. It is known from specimens in Vienna to occur at Agua Dulce and Agua Caliente, Panama. Rana palmipes Spix. I have seen a specimen from Toro Point. Rana warschewitschii zeteki (Barbour). This species is not rare on the Island. I have not heard the note, but eggs were laid in the laboratory November 29 in a mass. I have always found it near water except for one taken July 25 in the morning at Snyder-Molino 5. Guide to the Identification of Canal Zone Amphibians. Order Apoda (Caecilians). Family Caeciliidae. A single genus, Caecilia. Order Caudata (Salamanders). Family Plethodontidae. A single genus, Oedipus. . Order Salientia (Frogs). Suborder Procoela. Vertebrae uniformly procoelous. Family Bufonidae. Shoulder girdle arciferous, coracoids overlapping; digits without an intercalary cartilage; combination of well-devel- oped disks on all digits and webbed toes not occurring in region. Bufo. Sternum cartilaginous; no vomerine or maxillary teeth; terminal phalanges pointed; toes short, mostly enveloped in web; a parotoid gland; eggs laid in water, in strings. Engystomops. Sternum with a bony style; no vomerine or maxillary teeth; terminal phalanges pointed; toes long, with merely a trace of web; a parotoid gland; eggs laid in water, in a mass of froth. Leptodactylus. Sternum with a bony style; vomerine and maxillary teeth present; terminal phalanges pointed; disks not developed; no web; no parotoid gland; eggs in a mass of froth. Lithodytes. Sternum with a bony style; vomerine and maxillary teeth present; terminal phalanges T-shaped; disks developed, undivided above; no web; no parotoid gland. Eleutherodactylus? Sternum cartilaginous, without style; vomerine and maxillary teeth present; terminal phalanges T-shaped; digital disks undivided above, not well developed on all digits; toes often webbed at base; no parotoid gland; eggs laid on land; no tadpole stage. ; Family Brachycephalidae. Shoulder girdle firmisternal, coracoids 417 meeting immovably; digits without intercalary cartilage; the com- _ bination of disks and webs does not occur in the region. Atelopus. No disks; toes mostly enveloped in web; no vomerine or maxillary teeth. Phyllobates. Digital disks well developed, with two scales above; toes free; no vomerine teeth; maxillary teeth present; eggs laid on land; tadpoles transported to water on back of male. Dendrobates. Like Phyllobates but no maxillary teeth; eggs laid on land; tadpoles transported to water on back of male. Family Hylidae. Shoulder girdle arciferous; digits with an intercalary cartilage; disks well developed and toes webbed in region. Hemiphractus. A well-developed bony casque on head; eggs carried on back; no tadpole stage. Hyla. Eyes lateral; pupil horizontal, terminal phalanges claw-shaped; eggs laid in water. _Agalychnis. Eyes lateral; pupil vertical; terminal phalanges claw- shaped; eggs laid above water; a tadpole stage. Centrolene. Eyes directed forward; pupil horizontal; terminal pha- langes T-shaped; eggs laid above water; a tadpole stage. Suborder Diplasiocoela. Vertebra 8 biconcave; first seven procoelous. Family Brevicipitidae. Sacral diapophyses dilated; head extraordina- rily minute and pointed in region. Elechostocleis. Toes with neither disk nor web. Family Ranidae. Sacral diapophyses cylindrical; head normal. Rana. Toes webbed; digital disks not well developed; eggs laid in water. The superficial resemblance between Bufo and Hngystomops is very close. Lithodytes is superficially like Phyllobates. Lepto- dactylus resembles Rana. Many Eleutherodactyli are superficially like species of Hyla. The resemblance between Hyla; Agalychnis, and Centrolene is close and they are related. Keys to genera containing more than one species in the region follow. Key to Canal Zone Oedipus. A. Legs well developed; not wormlike; 14 costal grooves. .lignicolor. AA, Legs minute; wormlike; 17 costal grooves. B. Snout rounded; eyes well developed; usually a light dorsal DATE Cera es ote tia) 6 Una meee AD LEM aN ae Pt atk oth, ills complex. BB. Snout pointed; eyes minute; uniform..... : Me iad wa dag parvipes. Key to Canal Zone Bufo. Beem RCE CML EES s5 cc hol. 0 FI sld leis + ales ieee dda ene leans jo « haematiticus. AA. Head ridges present. Bayeanidges present only around eye... sce ws granulosus. 418 BB. All head ridges present (supraocular, supratympanic, occipital). C. Parotoid small. D. Occipital ridges not prominent; warts not spiny... ..typhonius. DD. Occipital ridges prominent; warts spiny........... coniferus. CCeeParotoidtenormousn= see coe eee eee marinus. Key to Canal Zone Engystomops. A. Warts circular; belly lightly marbled with gray; toes webbed at NDASE sad Mis 0 suces dure apace Ue finite Wrah arheca Paid ahe ACNTC NA Ren oneal Gash ruthvent. AA. Warts linear; belly heavily marbled with black; toes free. . pustulosus. Key to Canal Zone Leptodactylus. A. Small species; short head; short vomerine teeth; heel to eye; dorso-lateral fold; toes not fringed................... labialis. AA. Very large; short broad head; medium vomerine teeth; heel to tympanum; a dorso-lateral fold; toes not fringed... . . pentadactylus. AAA. Medium sized; long head; long vomerine teeth; heel to eye or to snout; three dorso-lateral folds on a side; not striped; LOES: shrine AMS: PUMA VE ah ks ee Oat eceme een aay bolivianus. AAAA. Medium sized; long head; long vomerine teeth; heel to snout; two dorsal folds in middle of back; striped; toes not fringed. quadrivittatus. Key to Canal Zone Eleutherodactylus. A. Disks of fingers and toes scarcely noticeable, not twice as wide as digit. B. Toes webbed at base. C. Quite smooth above; a black face patch; eyes red in life. . . gollmerz. CC. Extremely rugose above; uniform blackish; large... . .bufontformis. BB. No web at base of toes. . C. Rugose above; small; uniform white below........... polyptychus. CC. A marked )(-shaped wart above; large; marbled below.. . biporcatus. AA. Disks of at least some fingers twice as wide as digit, noticeable. B. Toes webbed at base; disks only on fingers; belly smooth. C. More rugose above; thighs black behind with white spots; snout shorter; web not to more than 14 length of toes. . fitzingert. CC. Smoother above; thighs uniform brownish red behind; snout longer; web more than 14 of toes................. longirostris. BB. ‘Toes not webbed at base; disks on fingers and toes. C. Belly rugose; no marked vocal sac; feet rather long. D. Tympanum visible. E. Nearly uniform light gray above; a few black marks on head; sometimes a W-shaped black scapular mark; black in thigh and shin; nearly smooth above; heel to snout; tympanum 14 eye.................:.... ockendent. 419 EE. Marbled irregularly with dark above; tympanum less than 14 eye. F. Red in thigh and shin; disks smaller; belly light; heel beyond snout; a W-shaped scapular wart; tympanum VAC Y iS tee er RMR Tm SIE SSUES AE Lap cerasinus. FF. Black in wiht and thigh; disks larger; belly marbled; irregularly warty above; tympanum ¥ eye. ventrimarmorata. DD. Tympanum absent; small; red in groin; oblique bars on sides....... Sach? Mai cty sects oa any MEL it ROPK, india ona eh lutosus molinoi. CC. Belly smooth; a marked vocal sac in male; feet peculiar, SOLU a eee ae nee Poe RIN TRE, ed WAN OT EAT UNS diastema. Key to Canal Zone Phyllobates. A. Markings white; no linear markings below. - B. Tadpole with normal mouthparts; male with normal third finger; no complete light streak from groin to above eye. C. A light streak from groin to below eye; a dorso-lateral light streak from sacrum to above eye, above a lateral black band; male with black throat; disk of toe I equals 4% disk of toe II; disk of toe V equals disk of toe IV; toe V reaching penultimate joint of toe IV............. talamancae. CC. No marked light streak from sacrum; at least a trace of a light streak from groin in lateral black band. D. Large (30 mm.); mottled below with gray in both sexes; a trace of groin streak; disk of toe I about equals disk OLE TOS TR re agen xe ie AMT Can ciatig Same as, Oe kingsburyt. DD. Smaller (21 mm.); white below in both sexes; groin streak prominent to middle of side; disk of toe I equals V disk of toe II; disk of toe V about equals disk of [io chur th IR ota SoS RM gs en nC latinasus. BB. Tadpole with umbrella mouthparts (much produced lower lip and reduced labial teeth); male with much swollen third finger; a light streak from groin to above eye, cutting diagonally across lateral black band; disk of toe I equals 4% disk of toe II; disk of toe V equals 1% disk of toe IV....... flotator. AA. Markings yellow; linear markings below................. truncatus. Key to Atelopus of the region. A. Almost entirely light yellow, sometimes a dark X-mark on RIC e is Saves Guten ta 3 Aiea th Sea nent, Gen a AH RT OM LS cruciger. AA. Nearly uniform dark brown; tiny yellow markings (dots or ETIIGINCLES ho ets RAO M! SECRET | OS OR SALON SAARI FNS glyphus. 420 Key to Canal Zone Hyla. A. Vomerine teeth in two groups forming an arch; fingers 14 webbed; grayish green; webs red; medium sized............... albomarginata. AA. Vomerine teeth in two small groups between choanae. B. Fingers free, or with merely a trace of web. C. A projecting flap on eyelid; large; crossbarred......... ceratophrys. CC. No projecting flap on eyelid. D. Snout short and blunt; tiny; five stripes; toes half webbed. microcephala. DD. Snout long and flat; medium sized. E. Smooth above; no black spots on thigh and groin..... rubra. EE. Rugose above; black spots on thigh and in groin. . bowlengeri. BB. Fingers at least 14 webbed. ? C. Fingers about 14 webbed. D. Small frogs; toes not webbed to disks of III and V; thighs almost without pigment; a network of dark lines ROVE Khe ik eee a tas > oie HCAS ACE chee mR underwood. DD. Medium species; toes webbed to disks of III and IV; thighs pigmented; a black band on sides of face..... phaeota. CC. Fingers about 144 webbed; medium species. D. Smooth above; brownish, with darker marbling; green dots in groin and on hind side of thigh............... gabbit. DD. Warty above; very gaudy marbling............... venulosa. Key to Canal Zone Agalychnis. A. Fingers slightly webbed; toes 144 webbed; large; green, white Gotscongsides eat. eee as es ed te eee dacnicolor. AA. Fingers 14 webbed; medium sized. B. Green with white bars on side; concealed surfaces orange. callidryas. BB. Green with concealed surfaces orange with black bars... . .calcar¢fer. AAA. - Fingers entirely webbed; green with occasional white warts above; concealed surfaces orange; large............... spurrelli. Key to Canal Zone Centrolene. A. Tympanum completely absent; no vomerine teeth; snout very flat; bones white; uniform green in life with white spots above; gular sac white; upper eyelid golden; iris silver with dark lines; no humeral hook; in preservative, white with sparse chromatophores black.....................-- fleischmanni. AA. Tympanum distinct; vomerine teeth present in 6 out of 13; ‘ snout normal; bones green; green above in life; gular sac green; a rudimentary humeral hook, not projecting; in preservative uniform purple above; fingers more webbed . pulveratum. 421 AAA. Tympanum distinct; vomerine teeth present in 32 out of 34; snout normal; bones green; green above in life with black dots; a white line around upper jaw; gular sac green; iris black with gold lines; a well-developed humeral hook in all males and in some females; in preservative purple above, usually with black dots; fingers less webbed........... ae: prosoblepon. Key to Canal Zone Rana. A. Toes fully webbed; rather uniform green in color; snout rounded. ‘ palmipes. AA. ‘Toes not fully webbed; blackish, with red legs, and yellow spots on hind face of thighs; snout long and acute............. zetekt. Vou. 5, p. 423-426. OctToBER 10, 1931. Occasional Papers . OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. THREE NEW TERRESTRIAL SNAILS FROM YUCATAN. BY JOSEPH BEQUAERT AND W. J. CLENCH. THE snails described below were collected during an expedition to Yucatan in 1929, carried on jointly by the Carnegie Institution of Washington, D. C., and the Department of Tropical Medicine of Harvard Medical School, under the leadership of Dr. George C. Shattuck. The species will be figured in a forthcoming com- prehensive account of the non-marine mollusks of Yucatan. Spiraxis (Volutaxis) maya, sp. nov. Description of shell—Small, turrite, imperforate, thin and translucent. Color white, glassy. Whorls 714, quite convex, regularly increasing in size, the last whorls three-sevenths of the total length of the shell. Spire regularly tapering to the obtuse summit. -Aperture oblique, elliptical, short (about two-sevenths of the total length of the shell). Peristome simple, acute, thin, well rounded and slightly arched forward. Columella thin, nearly vertical and non-truncate, weakly but distinctly twisted. Sutures deeply impressed, not margined. Surface shiny, with fine, regularly spaced axial riblets, much narrower than their intervals (each riblet about one-fourth the width of an interval); the interval spaces have exceedingly fine, microscopic growth lines; the last whorl with approximately 40 riblets; the embryonic whorls (first one and a half) smooth. Length Width Length of Aperture 4.8 1.6 1.2 mm. Holotype 4.1 1.5 1.0 Paratype Holotype-—M. C. Z. no. 85799, from Chichen Itz4, Yucatan, collected by J. Bequaert, June, 1929. Paratype.—A. N.S. Phila.; data as above. The two specimens were found dead. Remarks.—Dr. Pilsbry has kindly compared this minute snail with the large series of Spzraxis at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Its only close relative appears to be S. strebela Pilsbry (1907, Man. of Conch. (2) 19, p. 27, pl. 6, fig. 27-28), from Texolo, Vera Cruz. Comparing it with paratypes 423 424 of that species, presented to the Museum of Comparative Zoology by Dr. Pilsbry, we find that in S. maya the riblets are lower and more spaced, and that the several whorls are longer, narrower, and more convex, making the spire more tapering In S. strebeli the whorls are slightly shouldered below the suture and the last whorl has approximately 45 riblets. To judge from the figures, S. similaris (Strebel and Pfeffer) is also nearly allied. Drymaeus shattucki, sp. nov. Description of shell.—Medium in size, long ovate-conic, perforate, moder- ately solid. Color white or white with brownish spiral bands on the later - whorls, the tip of the apex pinkish brown. In the holotype the last whorl has four bands, the lower two complete and rather broad, the upper two narrow and almost obsolete, though with occasional darker blotches on the uppermost band; on the penultimate whorl only the uppermost band is visible and on the earlier whorls this band completely fades away. Whorls ~ 61% (in holotype), slightly convex, regularly increasing in size, the last slightly more than half the total length of the shell. Spire lengthened and conic, apex obtuse. Aperture nearly straight, ovate, relatively short (less than one-third of the total length in holotype), showing the two lower bands inside. Peri- stome simple, acute, unexpanded and somewhat thickened within. Columella slightly oblique, triangularly reflexed over the umbilicus, impressed at its insertion. Sutures moderately deep, not margined. Surface glassy, appearing smooth, but showing fine, superficial, engraved, spiral lines under a strong lens; embryonic whorls with typical Drymaeus grating of microscopic longi- tudinal and spiral lirae. Length Width LengthAp. Width Ap. 21.5 10.0 . 8.8 5.5mm. Holotype, adult 23.5 10.5 9.5 5.5 Paratype, Tabi, adult 7/8 9.0 8.0 4.6 Paratype, Tabi, immature 17.0 9.0 8.0 5.0 Paratype, Chichen Itz4, im- mature 15.5 8.0 7.0 4,2 Paratype, Chichen Itz4, im- mature 13.5 7.5 6.0 4.0 Paratype, Chichen Itz4, im- mature 12.5 740) 6.0 4.0 Paratype, Chichen Itzd, im- mature . 21.0 10.0 9.5 5.5 Paratype, Progreso, adult Holotype.—M. C. Z. no. 79396, from Chichen Itz4, Yucatan, collected by J. Bequaert, June, 1929. ; Paratypes.—M. C. Z. no. 79409; data as above; Univ. of Michigan from Chichen Itz4, collected by F. M. Gaige, January, 1930; A. N. 8. Phila. no. 425 61514, from Tabi, Yucatan, collected by Heilprin, Baker, Stone and Ives, February—March 1890; and M. C. Z. no. 47197, from Progreso, Yucatan, collected by J. L. Cole, 1904. Remarks.—This species belongs to the group of D. multi- lineatus (Say) and is most closely allied to D. tropicalis (Morelet). D. shattuckt is dextral, while D. tropicalis is sinistral; but a comparison of the two species, which we have been able to make through the kindness of Dr. Pilsbry, fails to disclose any other differences. Possibly we have here a case where a species exists in a dextral and a sinistral race, a supposition which could only be proved by experiment. Meanwhile it seems safer to regard D. shattucki as specifically distinct, since sinistrality is very exceptional in the genus Drymaeus. There is also a remote possibility that D. shattuckz might not be separable from D. hondurasanus (Pfeiffer), which is not known to us. The specimens from Tabi were sent to us by Dr. Pilsbry who at one time listed them as Bulimulus dyson: (Pfeiffer); but he later recognized that they belonged to a different genus. The grated sculpture of the embryonic whorls at once removes D. shattucki from Bulimulus. The snails recorded by E. von Martens (1893, Biol. Cenir.- Amer., Moll., p. 227) from Yucatan as Otostomus moricandi var. hyalino-albidus (Fischer and Crosse), may possibly have been D. shattucki. Choanopoma gaigei, sp. nov. Description of shell— Medium in size, acuminate, elongate-conic, narrowly umbilicate. Color pale brown, with spiral bands of mahogany red, the bands usually irregularly broken, more strongly developed on the last two whorls. Whorls 6, convex, regularly increasing in size, and often all preserved in adult specimens; sometimes only the embryonic whorls lost. Spire acute, but the apex truncate, the first whorl being depressed. Aperture entire and nearly circular. Peristome duplex: inner rim sharp and circular; outer rim reflected, somewhat wavy, and forming a slight rounded expansion near the parietal angle. Sutures deep, not channeled, strongly but finely and regularly beaded. Sculpture of both axial and spiral threads. Embryonic whorls smooth; third and fourth whorls with strong, axial riblets, regularly spaced. On the re- maining whorls the spiral sculpture gradually approaches and eventually equals the axial riblets, which on the last whorl are more crowded. Under - the lens the last whorl is finely reticulate. The fine sutural beading is caused by the insertion and slight thickening of the axial riblets. Operculum calci- fied, paucispiral, circular, composed of three whorls; occasionally the edge 426 irregularly crenulate; the last whorl rapidly increasing in size, being equal in width to the other two whorls together; the lamella only slightly elevated and not extending over the spiral suture; nucleus strongly eccentric. Length Width Aperture (Inner diameter) 14.5 8.5 4.0 mm. Type, incomplete 13.0 7.0 B05) Paratype, complete 13.5 7.5 4.0 Paratype, incomplete 15.0 8.5 4.0 Paratype, complete 15.5 9.5 4.5 Paratype, incomplete 12.5 7.5 3.5 Paratype, complete Holotype.—Univ. of Michigan no. 49190, from Chichen Itz4, Yucatan, collected by F. M. Gaige, January, 1930. Paratypes.—M.C. Z. no. 79390, data as above; and M. C. Z. no. 79783, from Chichen Itza, collected by J. Bequaert, June, 1929. Remarks.—This species is allied to Choanopoma chiapasense Crosse and Fischer (1877, Jour. de Conchyl. 15, p. 362; 1890, Miss. Sci. Mexique, Moll. Terr. Fluv. 2, p. 182, pl. 41, fig. 8-8a), _ from the State of Chiapas, Mexico. It differs by being much smaller, the largest complete specimen measuring 15.5 mm., while incomplete C. chiapasense, of 44% whorls, measures 17.5 to 18 mm. The characters of the operculum appear to be quite different: that of C. garger has a strongly eccentric nucleus and rapidly broadening whorls; whereas in C. chiapasense the nucleus is described as ‘slightly eccentric, almost central,’ and the spiral s figured as composed of very gradually enlarged whorls. The sculpture of C. gazgez appears to be much stronger than that of C. chiapasense. An interesting feature of the new species, not found in C. chiapasense, is the tendency to retain all of the apical whorls to the adult stage. Vou. 5, p. 427-428. OcroseEr 10, 1931. Occasional Papers OF THE Boston Society of Natural History. THE GEOGRAPHIC FORMS OF THE SOMALI SPARROW, PASSER CASTANOPTERUS BLYTH. BY HERBERT FRIEDMANN! THE Somali sparrow is stated by Sclater? to occur in British Somaliland. However, its range is much more extensive than this. Mearns collected a good series, at Chaffa on the Shoa- Kenyan border, at Hor and the Indunumara Mountains, in northern Kenya Colony in 1912. Van Someren? listed 13 speci- mens from Marsabit in 1923, and Captain Keith Caldwell’s collectors obtained 9 specimens at Karoli, also in northern Kenya Colony in 1923. Van Someren’s are the only published records for Kenya Colony. In 1903 Hammerton obtained a male at Bera, in southern Italian Somaliland. This record published by Witherby‘ constituted a considerable extension of range at the time, but was doubted by Zedlitz> who suggested that inasmuch as Hammerton had also collected this species at Upper Sheikh in northern Somaliland in 1904, the Bera specimen probably came from there as well. However, in view of the fact that Mearns, van Someren, and Caldwell obtained this species in northern Kenya Colony, Hammerton’s record need no longer be looked upon with doubt and suspicion. Through the courtesy of the bird department of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, I have been able to compare the birds from northern Kenya Colony and extreme southern Shoa, with typical material from British Somaliland and I find the southern birds to be quite distinct. Van Someren noted that this speci- 1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 2 Syst. Avium Atthiop., pt. 2, 1930, p. 728. ’ Jour. EH. Afr. and Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., 1930, p. 36. 1Tbis, 1905, p. 518. > Jour. f. Ornith., 1916, p. 45. 427 428 men did not agree very well with the figure given by Shelley! but had no typical birds for comparison and so could do no more than suggest that the southern birds might prove to be separable. Inasmuch as no name is available for them, I propose Passer castanopterus fulgens, subsp. nov. Type.—U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 246602; adult male, collected in the Indunumara Mountains, Kenya Colony, July 15, 1912, by Edgar A. Mearns. Subspecific characters—Differs from typical castanopterus in being more yellowish on the cheeks and under parts; the males of fulgens with top of the head and nape brighter cinnamon-rufous, and the upper back with a slightly more greenish tone. Range.—Northern Kenya Colony from Marsabit and the Indunumara Mountains north to Chaffa on the Shoan border, possibly east to Bera, in southern Somaliland. The subspecifie identity of the Bera bird is open to question; it should be ex- amined with good comparative material of both forms. Of P.c. fulgens I have seen 23 specimens of which 14 are in the United States National Museum, and 9 in the American Museum of Natural History. For the loan of the 9 from Karoli I am indebted to Dr. James P. Chapin. Curiously enough, all these 9 are much earth-stained, and therefore look quite unlike the other specimens of fulgens on casual inspection. 1 Birds of Africa, 3, 1902, pl. 27, fig. 1. yeh AMNH LIBRARY aii