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MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

OCCASIONAL papers'''®"''"''
THE MUSEUM

f^ARVARD

TEXAS TECH .

NUMBER 1 11 FEBRUARY 1972

A NEW SPECIES OF VAMPYROPS (CHIROPTERA:
PHYLLOSTOMATIDAE) FROM SOUTH AMERICA

C. STANLEY ROUK and DILFORD C. CARTER

In the summer of 1964 an expedition headed by one of us (Carter) col¬
lected series of two small species of Vampyrops in the Amazon drainage of
Peru. Four of these specimens are referable to Vampyrops helleri Peters.
The remaining specimens represent an undescribed species, for which we
propose the name:

Vampyrops brachycephalus, new species

Holoytpe. — Adult male, skin and skull, no. 12193, Texas Cooperative
Wildlife Collection, Texas A&M University, from 3 mi. S Tingo Maria,
2400 ft., Huanuco, Peru; collected on 28 August 1964 by Dilford C.
Carter, original number 5513.

Description.— X small species of Vampyrops; body coloration choco¬
late brown above in most specimens, paler in some, generally somewhat
paler below than above; facial stripes present, the upper pair the more
prominent and extending from the dorsolateral base of the noseleaf to a
posterolateral position on the head medial to the ears, the lower pair faint
to prominent and extending from angle of mouth to ventralmost portion
of ear; median dorsal white stripe extending from posterior margin of head
to base of interfemoral membrane; interfemoral membrane with fringe
(usually sparse) of short to moderately long hairs; membranes brown.
Skull with deep rostral indentation when viewed from the side: cranium
inflated; zygon*a well developed; rostrum wide and short; upper inner in¬
cisors bilobed or trilobed; upper outer incisors small, faintly bilobed; sec¬
ond lower premolars with two well-developed and conspicuous accessory

2

OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

Fig. 1. — Holotype of Vampyrops brachycephalus (TCWC 12193): A, lateral as¬
pect of skull, note deep depression in rostrum; B, dorsal aspect of skull, note the
short, broad appearance; C. labial view of left lower second premolar, note accessory
cusps. Vampyrops helleri (TCWC 16605): D, lateral aspect of skull, note relatively
gentle slope of rostrum; E, dorsal aspect of skuU, note relatively long and narrow
appearance; F, labial view of left lower second premolar, note single accessory cusp
on anterior margin. Upper scale for skulls (A, B, D, E); lower scale for premolars (C,
F).

cusps on anterior margin and one or two (often weakly developed) acces¬
sory cusps on posterior margin.

Comparisons. — Vampyrops brachycephalus is much smaller than V.
dorsalis Thomas, and smaller in nearly every respect than the smallest spe¬
cimens of V. lineatus (Geoffroy). From specimens of lineatus (including
those referred to V. recifinus) it differs in being much darker and having
less distinct facial and dorsal stripes.

In some areas, brachycephalus is similar in size to helleri, but is easily
distinguished from it by having two conspicuous accessory cusps on the
anterior margin of the second lower premolar. In helleri, the anterior edge
of the second lower premolar has at most only a single, usually weakly-
developed accessory cusp (see Fig. 1 for comparisons). Where the two spe¬
cies occur together, brachycephalus is darker in color. It also has a shorter
and broader rostrum, more inflated cranium, and wider zygoma.

In Peru, brachycephalus also differs from helleri in having less

ROUK AND CARTER— NEW SPECIES OF VAMPYROPS

3

conspicuous facial stripes (the lower pair being especially faint) and a

sparse fringe of noticeably shorter hairs on the free edge of the inter-
femoral membrane.

Venezuelan specimens of brachycephalus are substantially larger than
are those of helleri Although readily distinguished by their larger size,
Venezuelan brachycephalus have four rather well-developed white or
cream-colored facial stripes, and a fringe of hair on the free edge of the
interfemoral membrane that often is about as dense and long as on Ven¬
ezuelan specimens of helleri. This fringe is seemingly less dense than is nor¬
mal for Peruvian and Central American specimens of helleri (this appear¬
ance could have been effected by the method of preparation). In other
respects, Venezuelan specimens of brachycephalus resemble those from
Peru.

The karyotypes of V. helleri and V. brachycephalus from Colombia are
not significantly different (R. J. Baker, personal communication), and are
essentially identical to that published for V. helleri from Mexico (see
Baker, 1967).

Measurements. — Selected measurements, in millimeters, of the holo-
type are: head and body, 60; hind foot, 9; ear from notch, 16; forearm,
40.7; greatest length of skull including incisors, 21.8; condyloincisive
length, 19.8; postorbital constriction, 5.8; length of maxillary toothrow,
8.2; zygomatic breadth, 13.3; greatest width across molars, 9.9, weight,
13.9 grams. See also Table 1.

Distribution.— Known from Colombia, Venezuela, and Peru, at alti¬
tudes form 100 to 740 meters.

Remarks.— Vom names {helleri, zarhinus, incarum, and rea/m ws) have
been applied to small Vampyrops, and deserve some comment. The holo-
type of V. helleri, probably an adult female, preserved as a mounted skin
with skull not removed, was collected in Mexico by Heller in 1850. This
specimen was obtained by the Berlin Museum in an exchange with the
Naturhistorisches Museum Wien. The name helleri obviously applies to the
small species of Vampyrops occurring in southern Mexico and Central
America. There is some question in our minds as to whether this name also
applies to all of our South American specimes here considered to be this
species. Although our Ecuadoran and Peruvian specimens of helleri are de¬
cidedly nearer helleri in appearance than brachycephalus, they differ from
Mexican and Central American specimens in several ways, most notable of
which are their generally smaller size and model ately deep lostral in¬
dentation in the skull when viewed from the side. At present there are too
few specimens available to us to interpret the significance of these

4

OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

Locality

Forearm

Skull

length

Zygomatic

breadth

Maxillary

toothrow

M2-M2 width

V. brachycephalus

Peru

Loreto

37.8

21.0

12.3

7.2

8.7

(36.4-38.8)13

(20.6-21.3)12

(11.9-12.6)12

(6.8-7.4)12

(8.2-9.0)13

Huanuco

39.5

22.3

13.0

8.0

9.6

(38.3-40.7)6

(21.8-22.6)5

(12.8-13.3)6

(7.8-8.2)5

(9.4-9.9)5

Colombia

37.3

20.8

12.1

7.1

8.4

(36.6-38.6)3

(20.0-21.4)3

(11.4-13.6)3

(6.8-7.4)3

(7.6-9.0)3

Venezuela

40.3

21.9

13.0

7.9

9.4

(39.242.0)13

(20.7-22.5)13

(12.3-13.3)12

(7.7-8.2)13

(8.9-9.7)13

V. heileri

Peru

36.6

21.2

12.2

7.3

8.3

(35.6-37.1)4

(20.4-21.7)4

(11.8-12.4)3

(7.2-7. 3)2

(8.3-84)3

Ecuador

(37.6)1

(22.7)1

(12.9)1

(8.2)1

(9.1)1

Colombia

37.7

21.4

12.0

7.5

8.5

(35.5-39.8)9

(20.3-22.4)9

(11.2-12.7)9

(6.7-8.0)9

(7.9-9.0)9

Venezuela

36.8

21.4

11.9

7.6

8.7

(36.4-37.1)3

(21.2-21.7)3

(11.5-12.2)3

(7.5-7.8)3

(8.5-8.9)3

Panama

(37.9)1

(22.5)1

(12.5)1

(7.8)1

(8.9)1

Costa Rica

38.1

12.4

(37.3-38.9)2

(22.1)1

(12.0-12.8)2

(8.3)1

(9.2)1

Nicaragua

38.3

22.2

12.4

7.9

9.0

(36.240.2)20

(21.2-23.2)20

(11.8-13.0)20

(7.5-8.2)20

(8.4-9.3)20

Honduras

38.2

22.2

12.5

8.1

9.2

(37.3-39.0)12

(21.2-22.8)12

(12.1-13.1)12

(7.7-8.4)11

(8.2-9.5)11

TABLE 1. — Selected Measurements, in millimeters, o/ Vampyrops brachycephalus
and V. heileri showing means, extremes, and sample size.

differences. Should they prove the result of genetic independence, the
name incarum (Thomas, 1912:408) would apply.

V. zarhinus H. Allen was thought (H. Allen, 1891:402) to have been
collected in Brazil by the Thayer expedition. G. M. Allen (1931:236-237)
listed it as having been taken at Obispo, Panama, in 1872 by the Hassler
expedition, as recorded in the Museum of Comparative Zoology catalogue.
For this reason, Sanborn (1955) treated zarhinus as a synonym of heileri,
but Cabrera (1958:82) regarded the Panamanian origin of zarhinus to be
less than certain, and used the name in place of heileri for the small South
American species of Vanipyrops. The holotype of zarhinus is quite like
specimens of heileri from Mexico and Central America, and it seems most
unlikely that it could have come from Brazil.

ROUK AND CARTER— NEW SPECIES OF VAMPYROPS

5

The holotype of V. zarhinus incarum Thomas, an adult male preserved
in fluid, with the skull removed, was collected at Pozuzo, Peru, by L. Egg.
It agrees with our specimens of helleri from Ecuador and Peru.

Some Venezuelan specimens of brachycephalus are similar in size to the
holotype of V. recifinus Thomas, but the latter is almost certainly allied
to, and probably conspecific with, V. lineatus (Geoffroy). Although
Sanborn (1955) recognized both lineatus and recifinus and reported broad¬
ly overlapping geographic distributions (Pernambuco to Sao Paulo) for the
two, sympatry seems actually to be based on the fact that the type locality
of V. lineatus sacrillus Thomas is in the state of Espiritu Santo, and both
recifinus and lineatus have been reported from the state of Sao Paulo.
More important, there appear to be no clear cut differences between line¬
atus and recifinus. The holotype of lineatus has a forearm of 46.9, sub¬
stantially longer than that of recifinus (40.2), but crainially, the two ap¬
pear similar in size (because the posterior portion of the cranium is miss¬
ing, there is no way of knowing whether the type of lineatus had a longer
skull). In some respects, the type of sacrillus is larger than that of lineatus,
but in other respects it is smaller than the type of recifinus. Sanborn
(1955:411) placed sacrillus in synonymy with lineatus, stating “there ap¬
pears to be no geographic reason for subspeciation.” It seems most likely
to us that V. lineatus is largest in the south and decreases in size to the
north. In any event, the name recifinus is not applicable to our small Vam-
pyrops from Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru.

Natural history. — Our Peruvian specimens were netted in humid tropi¬
cal forest habitats at elevations from 150 meters (500 feet) to 740 meters
(2400 feet). Although the single specimen from 61 mi. SE Pucallpa was
taken along a path in mature rain forest, the other specimens were netted
over water (Rio Tamaya, 38 mi. SE Pucallpa— pools on a sand bar at edge
of Rio Ucayali, 27 mi. SE Pucallpa) or in rather dense second growth veg¬
etation (3mi. S Tingo Maria). Both V. brachycephalus and V. helleri were
taken together 61 mi. SE Pucallpa and 3 mi. S Tingo Maria.

Peruvian males (taken in August) had testes 3 to 5 millimeters in length.
Two of the seven females (also collected in August) were pregnant, each
with a single embryo, 5 and 8 millimeters in crown-rump length.

A female taken on 26 February at Santa Rosa, Venezuela, had an em¬
bryo 3 millimeters in crown-rump length, and a male taken at the same
time had testes 7 millimeters long, whereas a nonpregnant female was
taken on 26 July in Monagas, and a male taken at that time had testes 4
millimeters in length. Of 13 specimens taken 1.5 km NW Pilar, Venezuela,
in October, four were juveniles, one adult female was lactating (none was
pregnant), and the five adult males had testes 4 to 5 millimeters in length.

6

OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

The single Colombian female, taken on 4 July in Meta, was not pregnant.

Specimens examined. — In all, a total of 39 specimens of the new spe¬
cies was examined. These, along with comparative material studied, are
listed below.

Vampyrops brachycephalus. COLOMBIA: Leticia, 3 mi. W Isla Santa
Sofia, Amazonas, 1 (TTU); Restrepo, Upin Salt Mine, Meta, 2 (TTU).
VENEZUELA: 1.5 km NW Pilar, Sucre, 13 (KU); Santa Rosa, 20 km (by
road) SE Casanay, Sucre, 2 (KU); 8 km (by road) NW Caripito, Minagas, 2
(KU). PERU: 27 mi. ESE Pucallpa, 500 ft., Loreto, 1 (TCWC); 38 mi. SE
Pucallpa, 500 ft., Loreto, 1 1 (TCWC); 61 mi. SE Pucallpa, 500 ft., Loreto,

1 (TCWC); 3 mi. S Tingo Maria, 2400 ft., Huanuco, 6 (TCWC).

Vampyrops helleri. MEXICO: “Mexico,” (holotype of V. helleri, ZMB
3276). HONDURAS: Lancetilla, 40 m, Atlantida, 12 (TCWC). NICA¬
RAGUA: 10 mi. W Rama, 40 m, Zelaya, 1 (TCWC); 6 km N Tuma, 550 m,
Matagalpa, 5 (TCWC); Hacienda Bellavista, 720 m, Volcan Casita, Chinen-
dega, 10 (KU); 1 km N, 2.5 km W Villa Somoza, 330 m, Chontales, 4
(KU). COSTA RICA: 9 mi. ENE Porto Golfito, 100 ft., Puntarenas, 2
(TCWC). PANAMA: 18 km WSW Chepo, 200 ft., Panama, 1 (TCWC);
Obispo, 1 (holotype of V. zarhinus, MCZ 3211). COLOMBIA: Melgar, To-
lima, 1 (TTU); Leticia, 3 mi. W Isla Santa Sofia, Amazonas, 3 (TTU); Res¬
trepo, Upin Salt Mine, Meta, 9 (TTU). VENEZUELA: 1.5 km NW Pilar,
Sucre, 3 (KU). ECUADOR: 9 mi. S Zaruma, 2000 ft., El Oro, 1 (TCWC).
PERU: 61 mi. SE Pucallpa, 500 ft., Loreto, 2 (TCWC); 3 mi. S Tingo
Maria, 2400 ft., Huanuco, 1 (TCWC); 19 mi. S Tingo Maria, 2800 ft.,
Huanuco, 1 (TCWC); Pozuzo, 1 (holotype of V. zarhinus incarum, BMNH
12.1.15.1).

Vampyrops recifinus. BRAZIL: Pernambuco [Recife] holotype
(BMNH 81.2.16.4).

Vampyrops lineatus. PARAGUAY: “Paraguay,” holotype (MNHN 953
and 320 — the first number was applied prior to 1840 and the second sub¬
sequent to that year).

Vampyrops lineatus sacrillus. BRAZIL: Rio Doce, Espiritu Santo
holotype (BMNH 23. 1 2. 1 2.9).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are greatful to Dr. Barbara Lawrence, Museum of Comparative Zool¬
ogy, Harvard University (MCZ); Dr. Gordon Corbet and Mr. John E. Hill,
British Museum (Natural History) (BMNH); Drs. Francois d’Beufort and
Jean Dorst, Museum National d’Historie Naturelle (MNHN); and Dr. Georg
Stein, Institut fur Spezielle Zoologie und Zoologisches Museum der
Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin (ZMB) for their many courtesies and for

ROUK AND CARTER — NEW SPECIES OF VAMPYROPS

7

the opportunity to examine specimens in their charge. We are also greatful
to Drs. Robert S. Hoffmann, Museum of Natural History, University of
Kansas (KU), and David Schmidly, Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection,
Texas A&M University (TCWC), for the loan of specimens in their care.
Drs. J. Knox Jones, Jr., and Hugh H. Genoways read the manuscript;
Messrs. Morris K. Jackson and Miles L. Cook made the photographs from
which the drawings for Fig. 1 were made.

Field work in Ecuador and Peru was supported by Public Health Service
Research Grant no. AI-03743, from the National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases, to W. B. Davis and D. C. Carter.

LITERATURE CITED

ALLEN, G. M, 1931. Type specimens of mammals in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71:229-289.

ALLEN, H. 1891. Description of a new species of Vampyrops. Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci,. Philadelphia, 29:400-405.

BAKER, R. J. 1967. Karyotypes of bats of the family Phyllostomidae and their
taxonomic implications. Southwestern Nat., 12:407428.

CABRERA, A. 1958. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. Rev. Mus.

Argentino Cien. Nat. “Bernardino Rivadavia,” Cien. Zool., 4:xxii + 307

pp.

SANBORN, C. C. 1955. Remarks on the bats of the genus Vampyrops. Fieldiana,
Zool., 37:403-413.

THOMAS, O. 1912. Three small mammals from S. America. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 8, 9:408-410.

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MUS. COMP. ZOOL.
LIBRARY

occAsiofii'AL® Papers

HARVARD

THE MUSEUM

TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

NUMBER 2

11 FEBRUARY 1972

A NEW STENODERMINE BAT (PHYLLOSTOMATIDAE)

FROM PERU

ALFRED L. GARDNER and DILFORD C. CARTER

Through attempts to identify Peruvian bats of the genus Vampyrops in
the collections of the Louisiana State University Museum of Zoology
(LSUMZ) and the Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection (TCWC) of Texas
A&M University, we concluded that the dark, medium-sized Vampyrops
dorsalis Thomas, as defined by Sanborn (1955), was a composite of two
species, one of which is without a name. This conclusion was confirmed
recently when one of us (Gardner) netted both species at the same locality
in south-central Peru. For the undescribed species, we propose the name:

Vampyrops nigellus, new species

Holo type.— Adult male, skin and skull, LSUMZ 16415, taken 6 May
1971 by A. L. Gardner, original number 11684. Type locality: Huanhua-
chayo (12° 44' S, 73° 47' W), about 1660 m, Departamento de Ayacucho,
Peru.

Description. — Smallest of the blackish species of Vampyrops, forearm
40.1 to 44.5, greatest length of skull 24.9 to 26.8; color of dorsum black¬
ish brown with a prominent white dorsal stripe extending from top of
head to rump; four facial stripes with buffy medial pair poorly defined and
lateral pair obsolete; venter paler then dorsum, the conspicously gray-
frosted fur extending onto adjacent wing membranes beyond elbow and
along proximal two-thirds of forearm; upper surface of forearm clothed
with short blackish-brown hair; free border of narrow interfemoral mem¬
brane fringed with grayish-brown hair; skull medium sized with a narrow
rostrum; upper incisors robust; upper outer incisors and lower incisors

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