HARVARD UNIVERSITY Library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology FEB J 9 1992 OCCASIONAL PAPERS HARVARD of the UNIVERSITY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY The University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas NUMBER 146, PAGES 1-16 16 JANUARY 1992 IMPERIAL SHAGS AND OTHER BIRDS OF THE LAGO GENERAL VINTTER AREA, CHUBUT PROVINCE, ARGENTINA Pamela C. Rasmussen1 3 , Philip S. Humphrey1, AND JULIETA MuNIZ-SaAVEDRA2 Lago General Vintter (or Lago General Paz, and in Chile, Lago Palena) is a large Andean lake traversing the international border between Chubut Province, Argentina, and Aysen Province, Chile, at 43°56' S and 71°40' W (Fig. 1: Department of the Interior, 1954). This area supports a variety of habitats, including steppe, heavy Nothofagus forest, second growth, puna, and the lake and its shores. The lake is drained from the east end by the Rio Corcovado or Carrenleufii (Fig. 1 ), which curves north through Chile, then west, finally emptying in the Pacific Ocean as the Rio Palena. Lago Vintter is at 925 m in elevation (Paynter, 1985) and is surrounded on all but the east side by hills, the tallest of which is Cerro Rinon ( 1,814 m) on the lake's south shore. The east end of the lake is bordered by barren steppe with which stunted Nothofagus scrub is inter- mingled, especially in ravines. Slightly farther west, the area is mostly ecotonal between forest and steppe and is highly variable in character, but has mostly large steppe shrubs, grass, and stunted Nothofagus. West of this zone, the forest becomes progressively more mature and less disturbed. We did not 'Museum of Natural History and Department of Systematics and Ecology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-2454, USA. 2Centro de Ecologfa Aplicada del Neuquen (CEAN). C.C. No. 7. Junin de los Andes CP 8371. Provincia del Neuquen. Argentina. 3Present Address: Calvert Marine Museum, P.O. Box 97, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA. © Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence. UNIV. KANSAS MUS. NAT. HIST. OCC. PAP., No. 146 P-T=T ' CHILE'.' ARGENTINAf 5 km 10 km Fig. 1. Map of the Lago Vintter area and major localities cited in text. The numerous tributaries of the Rio Corcovado are not shown. Inset: map of Patagonia; area enlarged shown by black rectangle. find bamboo, an important component of the forest farther north in Patagonia. A gendarmeria (police station) is situated near the southeast end of the lake; the area currently has very few human residents, although tourist cabins are situated 2 km W of the gendarmeria. A number of recent publications deal with birds of similar habitats farther north in Patagonia, especially around Lago Nahuel Huapi ( Vuilleumier, 1 972; Contreras, 1975; Grigera, 1976; Ralph, 1985; Iglesias, 1989), but few data exist on birds of Chubut Province between 43-45°S and W of 71°W. The nearest Chilean localities from which birds have been reported are Lago Verde (44°14'S, 71°50'W; Goodall et al.. 1964) and Balmaceda (45°55'S, 71°41 "W; Philippi, 1939, 1943), and only a few species were noted at these localities. Some of the localities from which specimens were collected by Pemberton (Wetmore, 1926) are relatively near Lago Vintter. G. F. Gerling collected birds at Lago Vintter between 2 February and 29 April 1902 (Lynch Arribalzaga, 1902), and recorded 36 species in the area; no more recent information exists on the avifauna of this locality. Philip S. Humphrey visited Lago Vintter in January 1989 and verified the existence of a colony of Imperial Shags that had been rumored to occur there. He and Pamela C. Rasmussen (PCR) then visited Lago Vintter in January 1990 to study the systematics, food habits, and conservation needs of this IMPERIAL SHAGS OF LAGO VINTTER, ARGENTINA newly documented population of shags. In addition, daily observations they made on other members of the avifauna are summarized here. HABITATS Localities cited in this paper are given as kilometers and direction from the Lago Vintter gendarmeria (Fig. 1 ). as follows: 20 SE — open dry steppe with rocky outcrops; 10-15 SE — moist steppe with areas of shrubs and small marshy patches (Fig. 2); 17 NE (Boca of the Rio Corcovado) — mouth of the Rio Corcovado. mainly surrounded by sparse, low steppe, but with patches of stunted Nothofagus scrub, mainly in ravines; 0 (gendarmeria) — police station situated in ecotonal vegetation comprising a mixture of scrub steppe and Nothofagus (Fig. 3); 2 W (cabins) — situated in mature, but artificially opened forest bordering the lake; 3 W — dense natural mature forest; 4 W — a hillside extending from the lake level to timberline, said to have burned 30 years ago (R. Laurin, pers. com.) and still only lightly regenerated with low, scrubby vegetation; 5 W — heavy mature forest surrounding a grassy bog with scat- tered, stunted Nothofagus; 5 NW — (Isla Los Conejos) a rocky island in the center of the lake, with one steep cliff face on the SE end of the island (Fig. 4), and wooded slopes lacking cliffs on the N and S sides. We did not visit the west end of the island. ft**j*m+ Fig. 2. Moist steppe 10 km southeast of Lago Vintter gendarmeria. with shrubs and marshy patches. UNIV. KANSAS MUS. NAT. HIST. OCC. PAP., No. 146 Fig. 3. Area near gendarmeria, with ecotonal vegetation comprising scrub steppe and Nothofagus. MATERIALS AND METHODS We visited Lago Vintter 1 6-26 January 1 990 as part of a study to determine the systematic and conservation status of the Imperial Shag (Phalacrocorax atriceps) of northwestern Patagonia. Most of each day was spent observing birds; noteworthy observations made on the Imperial Shag and other species are presented here in addition to an annotated list of bird species seen (see Appendix). Species referred to as "abundant" were seen daily in large numbers. "Common,, species usually were found daily in smaller numbers. Numbers observed are given for species that were observed infrequently, and habitat is cited in each case. The stomach contents of four Lago Vintter cormorant specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol and later identified by Julieta Muniz-Saavedra. Bony fragments were stained with alizarin red and stored in glycerin. Total numbers of individual prey items were estimated by the most abundant element. Scientific names used in this paper are those listed by Navas and Bo ( 1 977 ), with the exception of Asthenes (= Thripophaga), and English names follow Narosky and Yzurieta ( 1987). IMPERIAL SHAGS OF LAGO VINTTER, ARGENTINA SPECIES ACCOUNTS Phalacrocorax atriceps, Imperial Shag The Imperial Shag has been recorded as breeding in inland continental waters only in Lago Nahuel Huapi (Krieg, 1940). PSH received unconfirmed reports of a colony of this species at Lago Vintter (B. Mayer, in litt.) in 1988. He visited the lake in January 1989 and documented the occurrence of a small colony of this species; one specimen (Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales No. 53352) that had washed up on the lake shore was salvaged at that time. On our visit in 1990, we collected four additional specimens, for which data are presented in Table 1 . The fact that Gerling did not record this species on his visit in 1 902 (Lynch Arribalzaga, 1 902) suggests their recent arrival to the lake. We frequently saw individuals foraging close to shore; thus, it seems unlikely Gerling could have missed seeing the species during his lengthy stay if it were present at that time. However, he did not record several other bird species that we found to be common. The only shag colony that we located was on a cliff on the SW end of Isla Los Conejos (Fig. 4). The rock face was steep and limited in extent, and on 24 January 1 990 five young remained on the cliff after all adults had left owing to our approach. Three of these young were well-grown and lacked natal Table 1 . Specimen data for Imperial Shags from Lago Vintter. Measurements are given in mm. MACN = Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; KU = The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History. LF = largest follicle; Bursa = Bursa of Fabricius; W = weight in grams. MACN KU KU KU KU 53352 84621 84622 84623 84624 Date Jan 1989 18 Jan 1990 18 Jan 1990 24 Jan 1990 24 Jan 1990 Sex Male1 Male Female Male Female Gonads — 16x4 22 x 14 16x6 24 x 13 LF — — 2 — 4 Bursa — 11X8 None None None W — 2200 1950 2200 1900 Culmen — 61 56 56 53 Tarsus — 67 60 63 60 Tail — Worn 113 117 Very worn Wing — 288 267 290 270 'Probable sex determined by canonical analysis. 6 UNIV. KANSAS MUS. NAT. HIST. OCC. PAP.. No. 146 down; one was beginning to lose natal down on the head, and one was a half- grown nestling old enough to stand erect. Several nests were seen, some of which were as large as any seen in other study localities along marine coasts, but three of the young were on much smaller nests. On 25 January 1989, several large downy young were seen on the upper ledges of the cliff face. The largest group of adults we observed at Lago Vintter was a flock of 55 birds flying around the island. Owing to extended heavy winds during our stay, we could not census the population accurately, nor could we visit the western part of the lake to search for other colonies. Based on observations in 1989 and 1990, we believe the total population on the lake is at least 100; R. Laurfn (pers. com.) has informally estimated the population to be between 200 and 300. When we approached the colony, both in 1 989 and 1 990, all adults left long before we arrived. They flew well away from the boat, in contrast to Imperial Shags at marine coastal localities and at Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, which are curious and often fly near or directly over small boats. This behavior of the Lago Vintter shags probably reflects persecution by locals who believe they feed on large numbers of young trout (3 species of Salmonidae). Although trout were introduced successfully to Lago Vintter, none oc- curred in the stomachs of the four shag specimens we collected (Table 2). The exclusive food item found was Galaxias maculatus, a small bottom-dwelling fish. Several of the fish recovered from the shags had hyperinflated swim bladders, suggesting that the shags caught them at considerable depths. The Fig. 4. Cliff face on southeastern end of Isla Los Conejos, where cormorant colony is located. IMPERIAL SHAGS OF LAGO VINTTER. ARGENTINA Table 2. Stomach contents of Imperial Shags from Lago Vintter. KUNo. No. Algae No. Galaxias maculatus present amphipods 84621 8 V 84622 37 V 8 84623 41 V 84624 44 4 % occurrence 100% 75% 50% minimal amount of algae and the small amphipods found in the stomachs are thought to be incidental to the capture of the Galaxias. All four shag specimens were collected between 1 545 and 2000 h. Shags from Lago Nahuel Huapi feed largely on crustaceans (Navas, 1970: Rasmussen et al., in prep.): these crustaceans probably do not occur in Lago Vintter. as they are known only from lakes with drainage systems emptying into the Atlantic (C. Chehebar, pers. comm. ). The fish and crustacean faunas of Lago Vintter have not been studied. The Lago Vintter shags are similar morphologically to those from Lago Nahuel Huapi (Rasmussen and Humphrey, in prep.). They are also similar in size and cranial morphology to coastal Imperial Shags; however, the nasal gland is smaller, as would be expected given their freshwater habitat. The relationships of the freshwater shags will be treated in more detail elsewhere (Rasmussen and Humphrey, in prep.). Buteo ventralis, Rufous-tailed Hawk An adult of this poorly known species was seen soaring over an area of stunted Nothofagus forest on 16 January. Another adult flew through mature forest just below the canopy, and perched at a height of about 10 m near the lake edge at close range to PCR. Generally, this species is rare (Narosky and Yzurieta, 1987; Fjeldsa and Krabbe, 1990), but there are reports of it in northwestern Chubut in the winter (Horvath and Topal, 1963; Humphrey and Bridge, 1970; Daciuk. 1977). Most reports of this species are from forest or forest-scrub ecotone (Vuilleumier, 1985). Oreotrochilus leucopleiirm, White-sided Hillstar One male and about nine female and/or immature Oreotrochilus were observed on the burned hillside, where most were feeding from large red- 8 UNIV. KANSAS MUS. NAT. HIST. OCC. PAP., No. 146 flowered bushes. Two fights seen near these flowering bushes between females or immatures of Oreotrochilus and the Green-backed Firecrown, Sephanoides galeritus, involved extended bill-jabbing and grappling. This species is primarily montane, but occurs as low as 400 m in southern Patagonia (Navas, 1965). Picoides lignarius, Striped Woodpecker This inconspicuous species was found on six occasions in mature forest. It foraged high in the tall Nothofagus and emitted a rattling trill similar to that of the Thorn-tailed Rayadito {Aphrastura spinicauda). On 22 January, an adult male was seen feeding a fledgling. This species has been taken at nearby Rio Pico (Wetmore. 1926) and Balmaceda (Philippi. 1939). In northern Patagonia it was found by Ralph (1985) only in forest lacking bamboo, as at Lago Vintter. Asthenes pyrrholeuca, Lesser Canastero Small numbers of this species were seen in steppe-forest ecotone, in moist bushy steppe, and in low second growth on the burned hillside. They often formed mixed flocks with House Wrens {Troglodytes aedon) and, less often. Rufous-collared Sparrows {Zonotrichiacapensis). Plain-mantled Tit-Spinetails (Leptasthenura aegithaloides). and Tufted Tit-Tyrants {Anairetes parulus). Numerous juveniles with full-length tails and lacking obvious throat spots were seen throughout the observation period, and two adult females collected on 24 January were in heavy molt. Asthenes anthoides. Austral Canastero This uncommon and apparently vanishing (FjeldsS. 1988) species was found only in patches of low shrubs in moist steppe. A juvenile with a full- length tail was collected on 23 January. Even when flushed repeatedly, individuals stayed within the patches of shrubs, not escaping to the surround- ing grassy areas. Flushed birds usually landed at the base of a shrub and then ran inside, remaining hidden until closely approached. Although in the Lago Vintter area this species was found only in a limited habitat, it was recorded in a greater range of habitats by Ralph ( 1985). Pygarrhichas albogularis, White-throated Treerunner This species was observed in small numbers in mature forest, often with Picoides lignarius, Aphrastura spinicauda, and Scytalopus magellanicus, a slightly different flock association than that noted by Vuilleumier ( 1 967 ). Two IMPERIAL SHAGS OF LAGO VINTTER, ARGENTINA 9 individuals collected at Lago Vintter were in juvenal plumage and one of these had dried resin on its tail spines. In many observations of this species, we have never seen it climb headfirst down a tree (like a nuthatch [Sitta spp.] ), as was observed once by Short (1969a); apparently this behavior is rare. A specimen was obtained previously at Rio Pico (Wetmore, 1926). It is most common in mature forest, but is also found in beech scrub of the ecotone (Ralph, 1985; Rasmussen, pers. observ.). Scytalopus magellanicus, Andean Tapaculo This species was abundant in mature forest around Lago Vintter, although it was thought rare by Gerling (Lynch Arribalzaga, 1902). Usually it was found running over fallen logs, but at least one adult often was seen close to the occupied cabins 2 km W of the gendarmena; this, or another individual, once ran under our parked vehicle and, on a different occasion, climbed to a height of about 10 m up the trunk of a tall, living Nothofagus that was slightly less than perpendicular (ca. 75°) to the ground. It proceeded to forage along the trunk in an apparently normal manner, despite the unusual height; mean foraging height for this species is 0.08 m (Iglesias, 1989). Several individuals seen were in juvenal plumage. One bird in adult plumage was observed in moist scrub steppe several kilometers from true forest. The species has been recorded previously in low numbers in sparse cedar (Austrocedrus) wood- land, in highly disturbed forest remnants in Chile (Rasmussen and Lopez, 1988), and in riverine scrub surrounded by steppe (Short. 1969b). Muscisaxicola albilora, White-browed Ground-Tyrant This species foraged on rocks and logs along the lakeshore and from exposed perches in the regrowth on the burned hillside. Several individuals were in full juvenal plumage and were more easily approached than the adults. We did not find it along portions of the shore lined by deep forest, and it seemed to use the burned hillside as a corridor from the higher slopes. The species seems to be common at a variety of altitudinal levels in western Patagonia (Philippi, 1939; Horvath and Topal, 1963; Bettinelli and Chebez, 1986), unlike most other species of its genus. Colorhamphus parvirostris, Patagonian Tyrant A family group of at least five Colorhamphus was found in mature forest; three juveniles had bright orange-yellow bills, but one had the upper mandible mostly blackish. The feathers of the superciliary are elongated and were often slightly erected laterally (Fig. 5 ) among both free and captive birds. The group was tame and curious, remaining in the understory. An adult and a juvenile 10 UNIV. KANSAS MUS. NAT. HIST. OCC. PAP., No. 146 Fig. 5. Colorhamphus parvirostris. frequently gave the characteristic call. At Lago Vintter, we collected the first skeletal specimen for this monotypic, endemic Patagonian genus (Wood and Schnell 1986. as Ochthoeca parvirostris). DISCUSSION Virtually all of the habitats found in northwestern Patagonia are repre- sented in the Lago Vintter area, but we were unable to survey the birds of the nearby marshes and puna. Undoubtedly, additional field work in the Lago Vintter area would reveal that several more species occur in the avifauna. In addition to the birds recorded, we saw numerous workings of the Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus), which was recorded by Gerling (Lynch Arribalzaga, 1902), and a large owl (probably a Great Horned Owl, Bubo virginianus) also was recorded by Gerling. Other birds recorded by Gerling and not by us are: "Podiceps dominicus" (possibly the White-tufted Grebe, Podiceps rolland); the Bronze-winged Duck (Anas specularis); the Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis); the Austral Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium nanum); and the Chilean Pigeon {Columba araucana). The Chilean Pigeon was common through much of forested Patagonia at the time of Gerling's visit, but populations were decimated by disease in the 1950s. The species is now increasing in Chile (Rasmussen and Lopez, 1988) and around Lago Nahuel Huapi (Christie, 1984; Chehebar and Ramilo, 1989), but apparently they are still rare or not present around Lago Vintter. With the additional IMPERIAL SHAGS OF LAGO VINTTER, ARGENTINA species recorded only by Gerling, 66 bird species are now known for the Lago Vintter area. The burned hillside 4 km W of the gendarmerfa seemed to provide a corridor to lower elevations for certain species typically found above timber- line. The Yellow-bridled Finch {Melanodera xantho gramma) and the Plumbeous Sierra-Finch (Phrygilus unicolor) were seen only high in rocks on this hillside; Oreotrochilus leucopleurus and Muscisaxicola albilora also were common on this hillside but not in the surrounding forest or isolated patches of scrub not contiguous with the puna zone. The Imperial Shags of Lago Vintter should be protected from human harassment. They have adapted morphologically for living in the lake, they do not compete in any significant way with fishermen for trout and they are a unique component of the lake's avifauna. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Our field work in January and February 1990 in northwestern Patagonia was facilitated by the following persons and agencies: Sr. Cajal. Direccion Nacional de Fauna; Direccion de Fauna Silvestre, Ministerio de Economfa, Servicios y Obras Piiblicas, Chubut Province; the Gendarmerfa Nacional, Escuadron Aeropuerto Ezeiza, Argentina; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior; and APHIS, Department of Agriculture. S. S. and J. S. Humphrey assisted greatly in the field. Other assistance in Argentina was given by B. Mayer. Companfa Argentina del Guano; S. Glucksmann, Shalom Tour Operators, Buenos Aires; R. Lauri'n. Rio Pico; J. M. Gallardo, R. A. Bockel, and J. Navas, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" ( MACN); and R. and B. Gibson, La Lucila. L. Coloma translated the summary. The National Geographic Society made this research possible through NGS Grant #4193-89. SUMMARY The first survey since 1902 of the avifauna of the Lago General Vintter area (43°56'S, 71°40"W), Chubut Province, Argentina, was conducted from 16- 26 January 1990. This area contains the major habitat types of western Patagonia, of which we sampled two distinct types of steppe, scrub forest, ecotonal areas, open and natural Nothofagus forest, the lake and its shore, and a regenerating area which formed an open corridor from the puna to the lake. An annotated list is provided for the 59 bird species we observed, and detailed accounts are presented for 10 species. Rarely recorded species found in the study area include Buteo ventralis, Colorhamphus parvirostris, and Melanodera xanthogramma. The first documentation of occurrence and data on populations, successful breeding, and food habits of Imperial Shags of Lago Vintter are presented herein. 12 UNIV. KANSAS MUS. NAT. HIST. OCC. PAP.. No. 146 RESUMEN Entre el 1 6 y 26 de Enero de 1 990 se realizo la primera investigacion, luego de las realizadas en 1902, de la avifauna del area del Lago General Vintter (43°56'S, 7 l°40'O). en la ProvinciadeChubut, Argentina. Esta area contiene los tipos de habitat importantes del oeste de la Patagonia, de los cuales muestreamos dos tipos distintos de estepa, el chaparral, areas de ecotono, bosques abiertas y naturales de Nothofagus, el lago y su orilla y areas en regeneracion que forman un corredor desde la puna al lago. Cincuenta y nueve especies de aves fueron observadas, para las cuales se presenta una lista anotada; ademas se presentan sumarios mas detallados de 10 especies. Especies raramente reportadas y que fueron encontradas en el area de estudio sow. But eo ventralis, Colorhamphusparvirostris y Melanoderaxanthogramma. Se proveen los primeros datos sobre abundancia, nidificacion. y habitos alimenticios de la poblacion de Cormoran Imperial del Lago Vintter. LITERATURE CITED Bettinelli, M. D.. and Chebez, J. C. 1986. Notas sobre aves de la Meseta de Somuncura, Rio Negro, Argentina. Hornero 12:230-234. Chehebar, C, and Ramilo, E. 1989. Fauna del Parque National Nahuel Huapi. Bariloche. Argentina: Administracion de Parques Nacionales. Christie, M. I. 1 984. Determination de prioridades conservacionistas para la fauna de vertebrados patagonicos. Rev. Mus. Arg. Cienc. Nat., Zool., 13(56):535-544. Contreras, J. R. 1975. Caracteristicas ponderales de las aves del Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi y regiones adyacentes. Physis (Sec. C) 34(88):97— 107. Daciuk, J. 1977. Notas faunisticas y bioecologicas de Peninsula Valdes y Patagonia. XXI. Lista sistematica y comentarios de una coleccion ornitologica surcordillerana (Subregion Araucana, Prov. de Rio Negro y Chubut, Argen- tina). Physis (Sec. C) 39:201-213. Department of the Interior. 1954. Argentina. Pre! inn nary NIS Gazetteer. Washing- ton, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. FjeldsA, J. 1988. Status of birds of steppe habitats of the Andean zone and Patagonia. Pp. 8 1-95 in P. D. Goriup (ed.). Ecology and Conservation of Grassland Birds. ICBPTech. Publ. No. 7. Washington, D. C: Smithsonian Institution Press. FjeldsA, J., and Krabbe, N. 1990. Birds of the High Andes. Copenhagen and Svendborg, Denmark: Zoological Museum. University of Copenhagen, and Apollo Books. Goodall.J.D.Johnson.A. W., andPhilippi B.. R. A. 1964. 2° Suplemento de Las Aves de Chile. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Piatt Establecimientos Graficos. Grigera, D.E.I 976. Ecologfa alimentaria de cuatro especies de Fringi llidae frequentes en la zona del Nahuel Huapi. Physis (Sec. C) 35:279-292. Horvath, L., and Topal, G. 1963. The zoological results of Gy. Topal's collectings in south Argentina. Ann. Hist. Natur. Mus. Nat. Hungarici 55:531-542. IMPERIAL SHAGS OF LAGO VINTTER, ARGENTINA 13 Humphrey. R S., and Bridge. D. 1 970. Apuntes sobre distribucion de aves en la Tierra del Fuego y la Patagonia argentina. Rev. Mus. Arg. Cienc. Natur. "Bernardino Rivadavia" 10 ( 17):25 1-265. Iglesias, G. J. 1 989. Explotacion de Recursos Troficos y Espacialespor las Aves de la Cuenca del Rio Manso Superior. Unpubl. Informe Final de Proyectos Anuales, CONICET. Kreig, H. 1940. Als Zoologe in Steppen und Wdldern Patagoniens. Miinchen. West Germany: Lehmanns. Lynch Arribalzaga, E. 1902. Apuntes ornitologicas. II. Aves del Chubut occidental colectadas u observadas por el Sr. Guillenno F. Gerling. Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 8(Ser. 3, Entraga 1): 158-1 68. Narosky. T.. and Yzurieta, D. 1987. Guia Para la Identification de las Aves de Argentina y Uruguay. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Asociacion Ornitologica del Plata. Navas, J. 1965. Nuevos aportes para Oreotrochilus leucopleurus. Hornero 10:283— 285. Navas, J. 1970. La identidad de los cormoranes del Lago Nahuel Huapi (Aves, Phalacrocoracidae). Neotropica 16(51 ): 140-144. Navas, J., and Bo, N. A. 1 977. Ensayo de tipificacion de nombres comunes de las aves argentinas. Rev. Mus. Arg. Cienc. Natur. "Bernardino Rivadavia" Inst. Nac. Invest. Cienc. Natur. 12(7):69-1 1 1 . Paynter, R. A., Jr. 1985. Ornithological Gazetteer of Argentina. Cambridge. Massa- chusetts: Harvard University Press. Philippi B., R. A. 1 939. Contribucion al conocimiento de la ornitologfa de la Provincia de Aysen (Chile). Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 42:4-20. Philippi B., R. A. 1943. Notas sobre aves chilenas. Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Chile 21:71-78. Ralph. C. J. 1985. Habitat association patterns of forest and steppe birds of northern Patagonia, Argentina. Condor 87:471-483. Rasmussen, P. C, and Lopez H., N. 1 988. Notes on the status of some birds of Region X. Chile. Bull. Br. Ornithol. Club 108:154-159. Short, L. L.. Jr. 1 969a. Observations of the nuthatch-like White-throated Treerunner {Pygarrhichas albogularis) in Argentina. Condor 71:438—439. Short. L. L., Jr. 1969b. Observations on three sympatric species of tapaculos (Rhinocryptidae) in Argentina. Ibis 111:239-240. Vuilleumier, F. 1967. Mixed species flocks in Patagonian forest, with remarks on interspecies flock formation. Condor 69:400-404. Vuilleumier, F 1972. Bird species diversity in Patagonia (temperate South America). Am. Nat. 106:266-271. Vuilleumier, F. 1985. Forest birds of Patagonia: ecological geography, speciation, endemism, and faunal history. Pp. 255-304 in P. A. Buckley, M. S. Foster, E. S. Morton, R. S. Ridgely, and R. F. Buckley (eds.). Neotropical Ornithology. Ornithol. Monogr. No. 36. Washington. D.C.: American Ornithologists' Union. Wetmore, A. 1926. Report on a collection of birds made by J. R. Pemberton in Patagonia. Univ. California Publ. Zool. 24:395-474. Wood. D. S., and Schnell, G. D. 1986. Revised World Inventory of Avian Skeletal Specimens. 1986. Norman, Oklahoma: American Ornithologists' Union and Oklahoma Biological Survey. 14 UNIV. KANSAS MUS. NAT. HIST. OCC. PAP., No. 146 APPENDIX Bird species recorded for Lago Vintter area. Localities are described in text. Numbers in parentheses following locality are numbers of individuals seen on each occasion. Asterisks in locality column refer to adjacent notes. Species in brackets were not seen by authors. Species Locality Notes [Podiceps ?rolland] ' - Phalacrocorax olivaceus P. atriceps Theristicus caudatus Cygnus melanc oryphus Chloephaga picta Anas georgica A.flavirostris [A. specularisp Vultur gryphus Circus cinereus Buteo ventralis B. polyosoma Accipiter bicolor Polyborus plancus Milvago chimango Falco sparverius [F.femoralis]1 Vanellus chilensis Thinocorus rumicivorus Larus dominicanus 5NW. in lake 5NW, in lake Text Over lake and forest Seen or heard in flight In lake (1,1,1) 17NEU6) In river 17NE(3) In river 15SEU) In grassy marsh3 17NE(3);4W(1,3*) *Two adults with one juvenile in very fresh plumage. 21 Jan 17NEI1); 10SE(1) Over steppe 17NE (1); 3W (1) Text 17NE*(1,1);4W**(1,] ) *Soaring over dry steppe; **Over rocky hillside3 2W(1) Near mist nets. which were robbed the previous day. probably by this bird3 17NEQ) Dry steppe3 Many localities Principally moist open areas but also forest and dry steppe Many localities Common except in forest3 Many localities Abundant in moist open habitats, less so in dry steppe 17NE(2) A pair in very dry steppe 5NW. lake A few near shag colony3 IMPERIAL SHAGS OF LAGO VINTTER. ARGENTINA 1 5 Appendix. Continued. Species Locality Note^ [Columba araucana] Zenaida auriculata Enicognathus ferrugineus [Bitho virginianus] ' [Glaucidium nanumy Caprimiilgus longirostris Oreotrochilus leucopleurus Sephanoides galeritus [Campephilus magellanicus] ' Colaptes pitius Picoides lignarius Geositta cunicularia Upucerthia dumetaria Cint lodes fuscus Aphrastura spinicauda Asthenes pyrrholeuca A. anthoides Leptasthenura aegithaloides Pygarrhichas albogularis Pteroptochos tarnii Scelorchilus rubecula Scytalopus magellanicus Pyrope pyrope Muscisaxicola macloviana M. albilora Lessonia rufa Hymenops perspicillatus Anairetes panilus Elaenia albiceps 17NE(2) 2-+W 3W(1,2); 1W(1) 4W (10,3); 2W (1) 4W(2,5) 5E (4); 5W (2,4) 2-5W (2.7,6.2.4.2) 17NE(2) 4W(1,1)*; 10SEQ) 2W(1) Abundant Several steppe and scrub localities 10SE ( 12): 15SE(5) Several localities 2W (6,1,3); 5W (3) 2W( 1.1.2.1.1 ):4-5W (6) 4W(1) Abundant Forest edge, deforested areas 4W ( 1 ) 4-5W(upto20) Several localities 10SE(2,3) 2W (1); 4W (1); 5W (1) Extremely abundant Dry steppe3 Small flocks daily3 On ground and roads3 Text Forest and openings3 In forest edge and openings3 Text3 Two females on 1 9 Jan had well- developed brood patches *Second growth forest3 Juvenile along lakeshore-1 Mature forest- Text3 Text Scrub and steppe3 Text3 Mature forest, foraging height 0-3 m3 At forest-lake edge Text3 Many juveniles present3 Adult, with next species3 Text Shoreline and steppe Moist areas Second growth and bog All non-steppe habitats3 16 UNIV. KANSAS MUS. NAT. HIST. OCC. PAP., No. 146 Appendix. Continued. Species Locality Notes Colorhamphus parvirostris Phytotoma rara Tachycineta leucopyga Notiochelidon cyanoleuca Troglodytes aedon Mimus patagonicus Turdus falcklandii Anthus correndera Melanodera xanthogramma Diuca diuca Phrygilus unicolor P. patagonicus 2VV (5,2,2,2,2) Many localities Many localities 20SEU) Abundant 10SEQ) Common 10SE(3) 4W(1) 0(2.5); 10SE(10) 4W(1) Zonotrichia capensis 0(5.2.71 Carduelis barbata 2-5W Curaeus curaeus 5E(3) Sturnella loyca 10SE(3) Text Forest edge Over water, open habitats Near rocky outcrop All terrestrial habitats3 Moist steppe Forest and edges, many juveniles3 Scrub, short grass; dependent juvenile collected Female at rocky outcrop (ca. 1000 m ) on burned hillside3 Scrub steppe Male in rocks at about 1000 m Abundant in mature forest and edges3 Scrub-steppe ecotone3 Abundant in forest canopy3-5 In ecotonal area In shrub-steppe3 'Recorded only by Gerling in 1902. identified by Lynch Arribalzaga (1902) as Podiceps dominicus, probably in error. 3 Also recorded by Gerling in 1902. 4Probably this species (Lynch Arribalzaga, 1902). identified by Lynch Arribalzaga (1902) as C. magellanicus; probably in error. 3 2044 093 361 715