hee y wt ey Ja ot 4 ua 4 1 Heads ui 4 REY? i) “oe «? es " rae | aiiearaanieasi wake 7 ‘ Ap i rte Poti Why Pe ay wai DRC Onn 4 4, LA ae oan ‘ wei Way metas Va yereiea DW aT fia Pankly WRG a) via hynt Miata ds Re a Ne ey od Pa Peraala POP etry ee a eat N oes Yeas UU eee a Saath AL ee | ty A Mas MV OKA aay “at ‘ a RN PARKA I 4 a et WeNanaren NYC yy ahty Ueuies Stiga Dorr hed . . a t WW oi Cae a Ta Cj Ay rae) sa ia bh) Ri AE Wa dads at tiga # PHOTO a ¥ piesa is bin) AN ath) Mra erat) yk gachidea kes Fe ‘ riba he ‘be ) i ry} rh And Wy “ye ( ‘y WCH ITY et i PON yee ta sa) i } ty RA rug Hy) \ a Mi hd jak Achy . : hi, PM) ace) ae ew he 1 : ’ \ fh ‘ ae , ‘ 4: G0054 abeere Ay Wet da t iy fy) yeaa : it asia os eit ytaiaatte Vv Yeu e eas Pate (isa) Hy Ue eM sna rey aaa {sae Nii VG ' \ Wt 4: D ae yy te ir) fa Niece wh Oa % eran ‘ SA Jeane “it | ¥ Cotte iy foal patna ots Etna te oe ata ny ia atid as by deothd Fd eee “ aie mene Ane VY Bea ae MP Gans \ wi rf t BY ah ' fe ele ved as ae ya gS it Lk ‘ ida Aes Pu / aay eames 33 HERA Be Aes ) 4) Mts i a J iy if ' f l yy my a han ites Rae?) ae ; BH vir) Wie eR. tm ) 1 Ny h Ah i‘ Oh ao ii Mia Wy | ie ia) uy WN ch fh ae a ht Nit a Rw ; ‘ if ! ‘ vad We Na hi an : We ; my i ae WN mi) } DVS ‘ vs ‘ MND uy th, his ty sO Ale Sa eu Le YN ys OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME VII 2) s (a (8 ea PINS BAS fags os Vy 7 Fh ational Mus® HONOLULU, HAWAII BisHop Museum Press 1922 U uw aa y x <— Law a 2 eae ee = CONTENTS NUMBER Page Pee Dinectons menor fom 1Ole, by Johm i. \G. Stokes... I 2. The languages of the Pacific, by J. MacMillan Brown... Te PeNewrdawatan plants, by Charles N. Forbes... eee 31 4. A new Cyanea from Lanai, Hawaii, by Charles N. Forbes = SL CRS ER EN Coo ie to ore eee eee Pee Se Ek Si a 4I 5. Notes on Marsilea villosa Kaulf, by Charles N. Forbes..........2.20:0-----: 45 6. A new variety of Partulina horneri, by J. J. and A. Gouveia................ 51 7. New species of Sierola with explanatory notes, by Wavidabatiullaway. (issued October, 1020:)2 ee BeOIGeCtOL Ss Teport fOr TOMO... ee PE A geinck 161 Edible mollusca of the Oregon coast, ig? (Claewlkesy Tslongyennel. 1B yolimvoymGlsvey is. oa te shee ee 177 10. Fish poisoning in the Hawaiian islands, by John F. G. Stokes.............. 217 11. An archaeological survey of Haleakala, by Kenneth P. Emory............ 235 12. Notes on Hawaiian Zonitidae and Succineidae, Dyan CamMMotntac mem COOKS itr 5 00a ce leet os 261 13. Stomatopoda in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, yan @hiarsl esr low acd mr) Gitar ds @tieee ee eee ee ee 279 14. Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Hawaii, by Morgan Hebard. ISS CcwANMietlE Ane O22) )puiate A ae re te de a ees ee 302 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE Page I. Fiber caskets of Kings Liloa and Lonoikamakahiki.................... 4 MM OlincDl eater Caper eu eh ee 6 iP Nsibiscadelphds, (bombycimusties 40 ieee Viola Kauaiensis waliawaensis 2.0 e ee 40 7 AONE ERIC AE Ia) (0) 1 eee ne ee ee ae os RAL see AO SPREE Mento. 2 2-5 ek ee See eS AN ee 4O Sie ianidra’ propaga. tek ee ee 40 Meme VCLANGr Amn TO. ee 40 Meemmerin@raePCOreiana. see ue we 40 Ro Clermontia Samuelii 8... eva ame re poe) site, Pe ool 5 LA) Sar oP EE 40 mole SAToyroxipiittn Calioitinc ae onc aceceecc et fa MA ei FOLS Wt 40 SE Oxyetitecam ina levi) ee Ee 44 SMM UStlecyallgnae sn et Oe eee a. 50 Vey Si EES SLOTS 1 a me 50 epee artulinashotnent yar, Kapitara ccc ccc ecco aceeee andl 54 B: P. B. Mus. Occ. P. Vol. VII ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE Page XVI. New-species of Sierolat..... 02 8) 2 72 XVII... Making shola.....2/4) 55 5 2 ee ee 234 XVILM A, Hola in erass —spoonsi 5) A pplyinie sala: =e 234 MIX, Al Phe catch) 8 Anim @henhirosiakepiscatonia) a 234 XX. A, Platforms in Puu Naue crater; B, Excavating in the south “plationn.: Rum Navetenoupe: === = 260 XXI. 4A, Burial ahu in Kamoa O Pele from northeast ; B, Ware sinelesterracelslalallinion@ 1 eee nee 260 XXII A, Platform and series of three terraces, Halalii; Be Senes) Of tivieterracess selal ai 260 XXIII. A, North platform Hanakauhi group; 8, North platiorim, Wave tenor pee eee 260 XXIV. ‘Shells of Zonittdae:...22..28).0... eee 278 XOX Ve. hells vot Succineidae...- ee 278 XXVI. Drawings of Hawaiian Dermaptera and Orthoptera_. 377 XXVII. Drawings showing sections of Hawaiian Orthoptera............... 378 FIGURE. Page 1. Distribution of shellfish in Tillamook Bay, Netarts Bay and along adjacent ShOReSs Jn... ee 202 2. Distrbutionvor shellish im) YaqumayBayaeand sive 203 3. Distribution of Mya arenaria Linnaeus in the Siuslaw River........... 207 AS Distributionmot clams) in Coos Baya 208 5a Spermyand oval ote dible siollt{skcsees eee enn 212 6.) Spermnland ovarotredithl ev ollliys kes eee eee ee 214 1... Map of Haleakala...) 2.33.5 239 2. Sketch of the ahu in the crater of Kamoa o Pele showing manner OF arial occ cscs ois a ec 240 3. Map of the crater "or (alah ee 242 1. Godwinia ‘caperata, 2.020. 2 RR ee ee ee 205 2. Godwinia ‘caperata, 2.2 = ee 200 2. (Godwinialshaupiuensisy me walsp ecclesia aneaeenma eueee ee ee 268 4. .Vitrinia tenella. 0... eee ee ee 270 5: Nesowvitreas pparaicalllcnsy eee ee a ea 273 I. Accessony organs and Segments ok Stomatopodals== === 282 2, Coronida sinuosa, new SpeCics= se 204 i. Paratwgonidium) LOSetm lee ee ee 354 Oe eS lll . ae FP ICAE. i 4 "Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mosca ce ae | a BOARD OF TRUSTEES. Acaret Exjopp cis, 8 ee ee oe SORE Becidenthe | FE SBaXON BESHOP 6 Fort tats aye eee ee Vice-President : J. M. Dowsert. © <<: = eee =e ae . ae Treasurer | WiLLiamM WiLLtAMson eae x eae = e Secretary ‘ Henry Hotes, °.Winttsm O. Smitn, ~ RicHaArD a ‘TRENT. : "MUSEUM STAFF ieee oe Jorn F: G. Snoxes bee - - oi - i Curatoran Charge: WiiniaM.T. BRIGHAM, ‘Se.De ei iia . Director Emeritus a WitiiAm HoDatr, Ph.D. = 27. ney Curator of Mollusca — C. Monvacus Cooxe, Ph.D. (Yale) — - » Curator of Pulmonata CHARLES N. ForBES ..- - - = Curator of Botany - Orto:H: Swezey iia tose "Honorary Curator of Entomology Joun W. TuoMpson ¥ eee Ve oy Artist, and Modeler. Miss. F. B. Hiecins : ir wages = Librarian Miss. 1, Bk. LivinGston Petes a te atte A esistant | Senate «3 Jorn J. Greene ERO ig a BS oe Printer a M. L. Horack Reynoups steep ars Cabinet. Maker EXHIBITION STAFF Mrs. HeLen M., HELV = 42 ey es he Superintendent: 4 Joun unc Cuune vent Sy Rt ag oe aerate ie - Janitor ~ THOMAS KREOLANUI = eas oo Sone nes - ~ Janitor bs Joun PENCHULA - SRR ay Poni ate - Janitor OCCASIONAL PAPERS BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY Wo, WIL =IN@, i, Wwormee Rares Telly Director's Report for 1918 HONOLULU, HAWAII BisHop Muséum Press 1920 Director’s Report for 1913 THE retirement of Dr. William T. Brigham as Director of the Bishop Museum, foreshadowed in his annual report for 1917, took place at the beginning of the present year. By vote of the Trustees, he was given leave of absence for the year 1918, and appointed Director Emeritus and Curator of Anthropology beginning with the year 1919. Dr. Brigham’s retirement as the active head of the museum after nearly 30 years of service is regarded with regret by those under his direction, as they appreciated the helpful interest he displayed in their work. The advantages of his many accomplishments and wide experience, he was always ready to share with his assistants, while his courtesy and consideration are among the characteristics that have endeared him to them. It is a matter of great satisfaction, however, to those formerly under Dr. Brigham’s charge, that his valuable services have been recognized by the Trustees with the title of “Director Emeritus’ and that his association with the Museum will continue. During Dr. Brigham’s leave of absence, and pending the ap- pointment of a new Director, Mr. John F. G. Stokes, Curator of Polynesian Ethnology, was requested to assume administrative responsibility for the Museum, with the title of Curator in Charge. Before leaving for the mainland on his well-earned vacation, Dr. Brigham was able to make another contribution to the study of Hawaiian featherwork, which included all the information he had gathered up to date. This was published as Memoirs Volume VII, No. 1, Second Supplement Hawaiian Featherwork. He also com- pleted his Annual Report for 1917, which was, as usual, published in Occasional Papers. The first Territorial Fair, conducted largely as a food conser- vation measure, took place in Honolulu in June. The Museum was invited to exhibit from its extensive collection of fruit and fish *The Director’s Report for 1918 was prepared by John F, G. Stokes, Curator of Polynesian Ethnology. (Goal 4 Director's Report for 1916. casts. As no provision was made for the protection of fruit casts from being handled by the public, this portion of the exhibit was withdrawn. For the fish section, however, casts of thirty of the largest edible fishes, especially of those somewhat neglected by the fish-eating public, were selected and exhibited in the rotunda of the Aquarium, where they showed to far better advantage than in the Museum cases. As the Aquarium (which was made part of the Fair) was able to exhibit only the smaller species in its tanks, the combination with the Museum contribution made a very compre- hensive exhibit. Attention is drawn to twelve enlarged photographs of the fire- pit of Kilauea Voleano which have been mounted and displayed in Hawaiian Hall, in front of the model of the Voleano. The plates were selected by Dr. T. A. Jaggar, Director of the Voleano Observa- tory, to illustrate the successive changes in the fire-pit during a period of a year and a half. Their educational value has been further enhanced by the descriptions written by Dr. Jaggar. During the latter part of the year, the unusually severe wind storm, which did much damage in Honolulu, made itself felt on the Museum buildings. The stone and concrete portions of the struc- ture were unaffected, but the skylight of the photographic studio was broken in, and the crestings of the exhibition building carried off. A very satisfactory evidence of the progress of the Museum in the estimation of Hawaiian people, was given during the year when the bones of two of their kings were placed in the Museum in order that the remarkable workmanship of the caskets might be studied to advantage. (See p. 5 and Pl. I.) Remains of Hawaiian kings having always been regarded with the greatest veneration by their subjects (a veneration that very properly continues among Hawai- ians living today), the recognition of the purposes of the Bishop Museum, and the confidence shown by this action, is not only a matter of gratification to the institution, but indicates an intellectual keenness and an appreciation of scientific knowledge on the part of the Hawaiian people not equalled so far by any other race. = 1 PEIN@OLOGN. Mr. J. F. G. Stokes, the Curator of Polynesian Ethnology, reports: [4] Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers Volume VII, Plate I. ORF 4| ora Ves shir he SRG SE ESDE : eevee : : BEREDSEEDD EDS’ AR IHLE ¢ pans FIBRE CASKETS OF KINGS LILOA AND LONOIKAMAKAHIKI. i : hare al _ 7) a tebe 4 eT ete vy" ie ae : he ¢ ne ? * a tae ce i | ea “t a ce 2 A 2 a 7 } Director's Report for 1018. 5 The number of ethnological accessions during the year was 365, classified as follows: gifts, 180; purchases, 126; loans, 15; gifts of relics, 44. This is less than the average for the preceding five year period, in the early part of which large collections were made, given and purchased. GIFTS. Mr. Bruce Cartwright, Jr., presented an accumulation of small loans made by him from time to time and amounting in all to fifty-two specimens ; Judge S. B. Dole—one of the rare Neckar Islands stone idols, which makes a total of nine now brought to light; Judge H. E. Cooper a tobacco pipe, apparently of slate, which was dug up in Manoa Valley, Oahu, the same valley in which an Indian arrow head was found many years ago. The wa'u ipu (scraper of cowry shell) lost sight of until 1916 when specimens of it were found by Messrs. Judd and Cooke on deserted house lots on Molokai (described in Occasional Papers Vol. VI, p. 232) has now been turned up in great numbers, as shown by the gifts of Messrs. Judd and Munro. Another gift worthy of special mention (although outside the province of the museum) was a collection of Moro weapons captured by men of the Twenty-fifth Infantry, U. S. A., in the Philippines. It was presented by the men of the regiment when vacating their station at Schofield Barracks, Oahu. LOANS. Among other things deposited in the Museum by the various interests concerned, were’ two cocoanut fibre caskets (Pl. I), believed to contain the bones of Liloa, king of Hawaii about 1500 A. D., and Lonoikamakahiki, a great grandson who reigned later. Examples of this form of body encasing have not been observed before and undoubtedly are extremely rare. They will be described in a later publication. A feather cape (Pl. II) and three Jei (ornamental strings of feathers) which were taken to New England in 1822 by Mrs. Lucia Ruggles Holman, one of the earliest missionaries, were lent by the present owner, a descendant. The cape was given by Queen Kaahumanu to Mrs. Holman, probably for her daughter, claimed to be the first white child born in the Hawaiian Islands. It is remarkably well preserved, the feathers showing very little wear. The colors are yellow (00), red (iiwi,) and black (00), and the measurements are: length of back, 355mm.; length of fronts: right 272, left 260; greatest width 820. PURCHASES. A collection of stone implements made by Mr. H. Schultz, during his residence of a quarter of a century on the island of Kauai, was the most important purchase of the year. It consisted of eighty-five items, which brought several new forms to our knowledge. Sel 6 Director's Report for roré. RELICS. During the year two royal standards were received, for each of which was claimed the distinction of being the royal standard lowered at the over- throw of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893. One was given by Mr. A. A. Brown of San Francisco, and the other by Mr. George E. Smithies of Honolulu. The flags are of similar design but differ in other respects. In the hope of establishing the identity of this historical specimen, inquiries have been made among persons who witnessed the revolution, but with no definite results. Mr. Smithies also presented, in the name of his wife, many other relics including the sword of his late Majesty Kalakaua. Mrs. Smithies was the daughter of the late Colonel Samuel Nowlein, who commanded the body guard of the Queen, at the time of her deposal. Acknowledgments of gifts have been sent to Mesdames C. M. Cooke and C. N. Forbes; Messrs. L. J. Bouge, A. A. Brown, Bruce Cartwright, Jr., C. Montague Cooke, Jr., C..M. Cooke III, MH. EF. Cooper, S: B: Dole) Ae a: Judd, James Munro, R. Nui, G) W. Paty, A-~ Petty, Je Wo Pirates Roberts, W. S. Rycroft and G. E. Smithies; the Hawaiian Evangelical Association and the Twenty-fifth Infantry, U. S$. A. While Prof. J. Macmillan Brown, vice-dean of the University of New Zealand, visited the Hawaiian Islands, to continue his Polynesian researches, it became the good fortune of the curator of ethnology to conduct the noted anthropologist to various parts of the island of Oahu. PULMONATA. Dr. C. Montague Cooke, Curator of Pulmonata, reports for his department as follows: During the past year, fewer shells have been added to the collection than in any year since the curator has been employed by the Museum. The reason for this is that a litthe more than half of the year was spent in preparation of a manuscript dealing with the Hawaiian Pupillidae. The whole of the Museum collection of our species belonging to this family (catalogued up to December 31, 1917) has now been classified and arranged. A _ large number of new species was found in the collection, as about two-thirds of the species and varieties dealt with are new. ‘The manuscript has been slightly enlarged by Dr. Pilsbury and will appear shortly in the Manual of Conchology. Five thousand one hundred and ninety-eight (5198) specimens were catalogued during the year. ‘These specimens are distributed in five hundred and sixty-seven (567) catalogue numbers. Specimens have been received from the following: Mrs. G. W. Bryan, Miss M. Burbank, Miss M. Clough, Messrs. J. S. Emerson, C. F. Mant, A. Gouveia, J. C. Bridwell and E. R. Davis. [6 | Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Occasional Papers Volume VII, Plate II. THE HOLMAN FEATHER CAPE. on tid | ere il : - fy 7 ae = y ai } Director's Report for rors. 7 Dr. Cooke also prepared in the early part of the year, a pre- liminary catalogue of the Lepachatinae and Tornatellinidae in the Bishop Museum. The paper, while illustrating the extent of his work in these families, serves the wider purpose of a check list of the species, and an indication of their distrtbution. The catalogue appears in Occasional Papers, Volume VI, Number 5. It might be mentioned that the rapid expansion of the collec- tions in this curator’s charge, had so limited the space for the re- classifications made from time to time, that an additional room was assigned to him—the room that had been used for instruments. BOTANY. The report of the Curator of Botany, Mr. C. N. Forbes, covers a period of two years, 1917 and 1918. Mr. Forbes observes that 1917 was exceptionally dry on most of the Hawaiian islands, with the exception of Lanai, and was, on this account, a very favorable year for the botanical collector. On Kauai, during July and August, the section west of the Waimea River, covering a large portion of the country near the Kokee stream was explored. The region is so extensive and so cut up into numerous ridges and gulleys, that it was hardly more than skimmed over in the time that I was there. The lower ridges represent one of the dryest habitats on the island of Kauai, while the vast dissected upland plateau known as the Alakai Swamp is a region of perpetual rainfall. In a region of such diversified habitats, the flora is naturally very rich and varied and possesses additional interest as being the type locality for most of the species collected by Valdemar Knudsen and described in Hillebrand’s Flora, and also many of Wawra’s species. I received much kindly help from Hon. EF. A. Knudsen, and through his assistance covered more territory than would otherwise have been possible. During September a short visit was made to Lanai as the guest of Mr. G. C. Munro. Under Mr. Munro’s system of plowing and seeding paddocks, coupled with unusually rainy weather, the country was quite green. Owing to the decrease in the number of wild goats, the forest under- growth on the main mountain was much thicker than on my last visit in 1912. I was especially fortunate in being able to find a single specimen of Hesperomannia arborescens in its type locality. Part of September and the month of October were spent on Maui, in Honokohau valley, where I camped at the in-take of the plantation irrigation ditch. Several trips were made to the summit of Eke, a small isolated crater with a peculiar and very interesting bog flora. The flora of the valley itself showed the effect of an unusual drought. A fern, Dryopteris cyatheoides, which was very common Lez] 8 Director's Report for rors. on the steep sides of the gulch, hung down in dry festoons, while even patches of the comparatively semixerophitic Gleichenia linearis were with- ered in places. Trees showed varying degrees of resistance, species of Straussia apparently suffering the most. Many thanks are due to Mr. David Fleming for permission to camp in the valley. The most notable acquisition to the herbarium was a collection of plants named by Hillebrand, already mentioned in the Director’s Annual Report for 1917 Returning in the latter part of September, 1918, after nine months leave of absence, the greater part of Mr. Forbes’ time was occupied by the routine work which had accumulated. With the aid of a temporary assistant the bulk of the material has been poisoned, and much of it mounted. A brief monograph on the Genus Lage- nophora was published with Occasional Papers Volume VI, Num- betes: The accessions to the herbarium for the two years are as follows: 1QI7. Ae Sa lutchcock, Un Sos Grasses by exchance == es 104 Geis Cooke® (alate ..2- res mcw a een en ae ee 8 PAC? Binidiwelll o@ alates 2 eels 8 ee Sco ek Cae a 6 Fen GraviessaUe sSa bye e@xchiain ccims ss aaa een 13 Gee Vico kel purchases. os = es anew ee 134 We Ws intovaostowml, ORV 5 ae I Breed Minerepyeinale Olean see teeters ae Oe TE Rats ele AEE ees 25 J. M. Lydgate, Hillebrand collection purchase............ 5890 Curator’s CorLLECTIONn COT anon See Peer gd Ne eee ee ae ee 316 TIS ea alent et cE ee ee PR Se Salers Pu Renae oe 2765 arn ailise sate eee oh ys eke ee Wee Ne Os OW eS ei oe 507 ANU NGA Wamree Perea ones ee SUPE Pepe ne RE eR Toit te Velen er on. Be 1300 ALOE AAD Sooo aa Ce rah Se a A She 5858 191&. Miss AS BeBe judd teratolocicaliepapaiaess ee I suneaw OL science, Manila, exchange. 25 247 (Ce (Op Wikoramo, einen cima IMMeyinie 33 Ba atime lia it ae knee ew ee a ei ees ee 2 i ES Ge Stokes. teratolosicallpapaicess =e ee I A. D. E. Elmer, Philippine Islands, purchase............ 1318 JARS Wiel, BUe Shee oe eee ie Veh fs 13 MIN Gta age ccc a Pe Ee a Ree es Eee 1615 Director's Report for 1918. 9 ENTOMOLOGY. The Honorary Curator, Mr. O. H. Swezey, has been much handicapped through the departure of Mr. Bridwell, his former assistant in the Museum. Mr. Swezey has comparatively little spare time to devote to collections of the Museum, nevertheless he has been able to increase them during the year by 1260 specimens, comprising 415 species. The courtesy of his employers, the Ha- waiian Sugar Planters’ Association, in permitting him to take the honorary position and to devote certain hours to the work of the Museum, is very highly appreciated. The Honorary Curator re- ports that all of the Helms collection has been placed in the Museum cabinets. with the exception of the New Zealand Coleoptera yet remaining to be transferred from the old boxes containing them on arrival. The Hawaiian insects formerly in the gallery of Hawaiian Hall have been removed to the metal cases, so that now they are con- venient of access for reference or study. During the year many insects were collected in the native forests and prepared for study. The localities and the approximate number of specimens and species follow: Specimens Species romvilleyay Maui, Aqwoust (Sth. ..-. 2-222 200 70 SSenietiemevicis Atoms 27 bhi 5c. ece ocean 60 15 Haleakala, Maui, August 25th, 26th and 2oth.................... 300 70 Paiwilkiveblawaitl, eptember 22nd 2-2. 260 75 Palolo and Mt. Olympus, Oahu, October 2oth................ 169 6c Pacific Heights and Kaumuahona, Oahu, Nov. 17th........ 60 35 manna Ridge, Oahu, November 24th 4.0... 120 40 Piiiomow) Oahu Oecember ganda 100 50 1260 415 This material includes many species not hitherto represented in the collection, also a number of species not previously collected or described. When time or circumstances make it possible to work up this material in connection with the 3250 specimens collected by Mr. Bridwell in 1917, it will make a beginning towards supplying the species lacking in the Hawaiian collection, which contains but 64 per cent of the number of species listed in the Fauna Hawaiiensis. In February, 1918, the para-types of the Hawaiian Heteroptera were lent to Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, Curator of Entomology of the Museum of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, for his assistance in working up the Hawaiian Heteroptera in the collections of several persons and institutions of Honolulu. lo] 10 Director's Report for rors. PLB RAE YG The Librarian, Miss E. B. Higgins, reports an unprecedented number of newspapers in the native language received from var- ious sources during the year. Until the beginning of the twentieth century, the vernacular news- papers comprised almost the sole native literature published, and they ~ covered a transition period in native life but lightly touched upon by foreign observers. Being also the means of the natives’ exposition of their own customs and folk-lore (although their intellectual leaders were educated and inspired by foreigners) the Librarian has made many efforts during the past few years to complete the early files. The largest contri- bution so far received came this year from the basement of Kawaiahao Church in Honolulu, from which thirty-four sacks and thirty-nine trunks ot papers and native school books were taken. These were cleaned and sorted, and the duplicates—the greater bulk—were returned. A smaller accession yielding greater proportionate results was the pur- chase of the files of a native minister which included in addition to many other fragmentary sets the following thirty-five complete or nearly complete volumes: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, 24; Ke Aloha Aina, 2; Ka Makaainana, 7; Ka Loea Kalaiaina, 2: Local periodicals are now represented in the Library by seventy-five titles, classifed as follows: English, 41; Hawaiian, 32; Portuguese, 1; Chinese, 1; the earliest date is 1834. The files of scientific journals have been added to by purchase, gift and exchange, but numerous vacancies were still left as many parts and numbers were out of print. The lack was partly supplied by approaching the contributing authors—a mode suggested by Dr. Herbert E. Gregory on a visit early in the year. ‘Twenty-one journals were added by subscription. The distribution of scientife journals in the Museum Library, is approximately as follows: Archaeology, anthropology and ethnology............ 41 Nattinal® Elistoity-p.2 6202s at heer 2 eee sere 38 Botany aesees eee eee ea See AS eal Gonchologyy fae ee ee ee 2 I PA CKO) Cover KCrcatep ell, eens Cee OW eee ee 26) Qian © gy; Pare a ree ee 2 NMMoUiScagh = 5 ak feet erry ee ee renters. ee 2 IM CIG SCO [ives ese ee ee ee ee ink ete I Ceographiyj a Be nat net nae a eee 6 General-Sciencer =. sree. eee eee TS Geology 5. ee eee ree ee are eee he ae 7 IN MbI SNM: So ee PR Se ec eet See St Miiscelllarne Gis 7, wc eee ee ee (e) 174 Director's Report for rors. II The following institutions have been added to our list of exchanges: University of Chicago; University of [llinois; Newark Museum; Société d'Etudes Océaniennes. This last named society has been recently formed in Papeete for the study of the Pacific. Acknowledgment of author’s separates, and other items, is made to the following: Messrs. L. J. Bouge, C. Montague Cooke, Jr., W. M. Giffard, Ivan C. Hall, A. F. Judd, Vaughan MacCaughey, Sidney Powers, T. G. Thrum and Harold Wright, and the Hawaiian Association through Mrs. R. W. Andrews. A miscellaneous lot of books and pamphlets was purchased from the Rowell Estate—so titles, including some duplicates. Among them were MS notes on the Hawaiian Bible, 1843, by Rev. G. B. Rowell. Summary of accessions for the year is as follows: Volumes Parts and Pamphlets Tan at ee eee ae acne 181 AI Pik CaS eye serene a oe eS 170 217 (Cane oe a ee a ee eee 13 50 AN Oral pe cate eee 304 684 Grand Total 1048. This summary excludes incomplete volumes of local newspapers re- ceived, dating from 1846 to 1918, and representing 65 volumes and 47 titles —i19 English, 27 Hawaiian and 1 Portuguese. More than 200 volumes have been prepared for the binder; of these 165 volumes have been bound. MODELING. During the year, Mr. Thompson, Artist and Modeler, finished yo models: 16 of fishes, 1 of a-mammal, 16 of fruits, and 37 of ethnological specimens. He has 21 unfinished models on hand. He has also painted and prepared three coconut crabs from Fanning Island. An excellent representation was secured of a porpoise 7 feet, 7 inches long, weighing 375 pounds. PX EB ELION: EFAL ICS Mrs. Helvie, Superintendent of Exhibition Halls, reports that the attendance of visitors has kept up very well in spite of the lack of tourists—the military visitors from the various posts being greater than usual. The total attendance for the year was 14,029, a decrease from 15,145 the average for the five previous years. The rer 2 Director's Report for rors. daily average was 54.4,—the halls having been open for 258 days in the year. The attendance by months, and classified according to race, is given in the accompanying table. The total includes 1367 pupils, representing 46 classes from schools in Honolulu. TABLE OF ATTENDANCE. se Thonn ste SOO Sayles Be ees ite ESE reed ies = = 3 g Ss 1918 3 =5 | & 4 az = | = ee Le é ome | ae | = wn | Januany <2. 625 163 76 75 256 10 22) | 92.8 1205 February .........| 787 117 11 148 | 241 10 | 20 | 70.2 | 14tA March ..............| 602 88 47 72 | 220 19 22 | 47.7 1048 April cea iy BL 194 64 80-193 14 22 | 50.2 | 1106 Mary. 2s ee 24a, Ol loon or re 100, 1087 44 a1 | 93.9 | 197% Sune fo SHS ALO | = 92 | 109 | 102 | 201 4 21) aad) Neatgoes Filly, Geen eens 584 59 lh eS) ie 620i) ae 08 20 21 | 43.5 | 914 | | | | August | 491 Sef aki ao) ee 24 23 | 40.2 | 952 | September ......| 555 | 239 | 97 | 90 | 268 45 a1 | ¢0.2 1204 | | | | October .......... apg |) 18 |) 498 118 196 ll 22 | 46.9 | 1030 November _ ..... 408 130 C2 105 273 33 PAL 48.7 | 1021 December ......./ 561 | 292 29 70 | 19a 3 22 | 52.1 | aa4G Sa ee ae Total sees | 6452 | 1867 | 919 | 1098 | 3446 24% || 258) | bara 14029 The steel feather-cloak case, ordered closed by the Trustees at the beginning of the year, was reopened in December for semi- monthly exhibitions of half an hour each, under the charge of Mrs. Helvie. The establishment of a War Saving Stamp sub-agency in the halls was a great success. ae OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY Wor. be N ose: The Languages of the Pacific By J. MacMillan Brown HONOLULU, HAWAII BisHop Musgéum Press 1920 OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY Vor Li—No: 2: The Languages of the Pacific By J. MacMillan Brown HONOLULU, HAWAII BisHop Mus&tuM PRESS 1920 The Languages of the Pacific By J. MAcMILLAN Brown One of the fallacies that dog the science of language is that ‘there are three types of language, isolating, agglutinative and inflectional, separated strictly from one another. It was one of the too early generalisations of Max Miiller who, coming from Germany with a knowledge of Sanskrit, ruled with absolute author- ity the science of philology in the English speaking world during the latter part of the nineteenth century. This theory together with the idea that all classical myths have a philological origin, is now discounted. It is found that almost all languages have some trace or relic of each type. The Chinese is taken as the typical instance of the isolating language; each word may be used in various grammatical relations without any formal element to indicate these relations. But modern English has become practically an isolating language with only particles to indicate these relationships and a few relics in the pronouns of the old inflectional system. Polynesian is on the same footing; a word may be a noun, a verb or an adjective without any distinctive formal mark; and particles indicate the relationship, whilst in the pronouns, as in English, there remains a few relics of inflection. The Japanese is the Pacific Ocean language that best illustrates the agglutinating type. The formal elements retain so much of their original independence that adverbs and_ honorific words may be thrust in between them and the words they pilot grammatically. But the language has much that may be said to be inflectional and has some trace of the isolating. English, likewise, shows a tendency to the agglutinative in, for example, the frequent separation of the formal to of the infinitive by an adverb, or even a phrase, from the verb. So in Polynesian the ia, a, that added to the verb makes the passive, shows in some groups a tendency to assert *Tecture delivered before The Hawaiian Historical Society September 5, 1918. au (15) 16 The Languages of the Pacific. its independence and be separated from its verb. Of the inflectional type the best instances are found in the Indo-European tongues. Latin is highly inflectional, Greek still more so, and Sanskrit most of all. In Polynesian the inflections of the dual and plural personal pronouns still reveal their origin; the dual of the first person is maua or kaua, of the third /aua; here the addition of ua is evidently for the numeral Jua; the plural of the first is makouw or kakou and of the third Jakou; this again shows its origin in kolu, three. These inflections for the plural were manifestly formed at a most primitive linguistic stage when the ancestral speakers of Polynesian did not count beyond three; one and two were definite, three was all beyond, the indefinite. This must have been before they launched out into the Pacific, for there for the first time they counted up to five; lima for five is practically universal in the so-called Malayo- Polynesian languages; but they had been able to count up to four before they left the sphere of influence of the Indo-European languages. “One” varies most of all the numerals. Polynesian rua for two is the Latin duo, English two; for the sound-law that makes / or r and d interchangeable existed as strongly in early Indo-European as it does in Polynesian and Malay. Latin lacryma, Old Latin dakruma, is Greek dakru, Gothic tagra, Anglo-Saxon teagor, tear. Polynesian torw or tolw is the uncontracted form of Latin tres, German drei, English three; whilst Polynesian wha, four, is Latin quatuor, Sanskrit catvar, Anglo-Saxon feover. There is no trace of “five” in Polynesian or of lima as a numeral in any Indo-European tongue. Yet the Polynesian must have retained some consciousness of the old European for one, (Latin unus, Old Latin oinos), for in counting on the second hand, six is ono, i. e., number one of the second hand. Wdhituw for “seven” retains a trace of “septem” (from sa-pita). It is probably a modification of “w)uti,’ to cross over, Hawaiian hiki, to come, to rise, just as “tres” is from “tara” to cross over. The Polynesian forms for eight (waru) and nine (iwa) belong to that by no means uncommon method of counting from the highest number counted downwards by subtraction; thus e.g. the numbers between five and ten in Yap are ten minus one, two, etc., which may be compared with the Roman numeration IV, IX, XL, XC. Malay also expresses gg, 98, 97, etc., by “hundred minus 1, 2, 3, etc.” Wa is a common Poly- [4] The Languages of the Pacific. 17 nesian word for interval or “space between”; 8 (waru)—10—(space between or minus)2, 9 (iwa)—-one—from 10. Lima, the word for five, is not without trace in European, though not as a numeral. There is a European root form, “rima,’ meaning “row, numbers, verse.’ In Old Norse rim==calendar, verse. In old Irish rim=—= number. In Old High German Rim—row, number, German Retm—= English rhyme. Compare the Greek arithmos, a number, neritos, countless. It is from the same root as ra, to arrange, to fit, Latin reri, to think, ratio, read, reckon, hundred. The original form is ra, Maori rarangi, line, rank, row. The ri form is seen in whakarite, to arrange, put in order, Hawaiian like, to be like. Many of the languages use lima not only for “five” but for “hand,” evidently meaning “the counter,” but in Maori and Fijian the word for hand is “ringa,” implying that “ma,” was felt to be an affix, just as ga 1s. We may say then that the Polynesian ancestors were only feeling their way up first beyond three and then beyond five. They were feeling their way towards “tekau” which first meant “the company,” “the lot,’ and, when they counted beyond, came to be “ten” or in some “‘eleven.”’ (Compare kau, company, lot,—ngahu-ru, Gilbertese tengaun—10, Tongan u—bundle, kehui, flock.) The Hawaiian “wit” easily meant at first “the measure.” The usual Polynesian ngahuru, for “ten,” becomes in Malay “sapuloh” by prefixing “sa’—one, to puloh, equivalent to huru, the hair. Sapuloh means the bunch of hairs, nga, the plural article in Maori, being replaced by sa, and huru, brushwood, coarse hair, in English “wool.” The true classification of linguistic affinities is not by their grammar, but by their phonology, i.e. the range of sounds and sound laws that belong to them. The organs of speech do not change unless the climatic environment is changed, or the mothers. To shift from the temperate zone to the tropics relaxes all the tissues, including the tissues of the speech organs; to shift in the opposite direction gives them greater tensity and vigor. And if at the age of the moulding of a man, i.e. from infancy to seven years old, he is set in a different speech-environment from that of his ancestry his speech organs will be different. It is the mother or nurse that creates the phonological capacity of a man or woman. The speech organs are set practically for life during the first seven years, the period when it is the mother that is the dominant influence. [Sa] 18 The Languages of the Pacihc. It therefore there is a difference between the Polynesian phonology and that of those to the west of it we may assume that it was a change of mothers that caused it; for right through the seven thousand miles from Tonga to the coast of India the climatic environment is practically the same, moist heat governed by regular- ly blowing winds. Now the phonology of the Polynesian dialects differs by a’ whole world from that of all the languages to the west of it. The former have only twelve to fifteen sounds, the five vowels and seven to ten consonants, the most primitive outfit that any language in the world has. As soon as you step out of Polynesia westward, say from Tonga to the neighboring Fiji, the language has from twenty to thirty sounds, and this holds right to the coast of India and all through India. Further, there are sounds to these languages to the west that no Polynesian could by any training be made capable of pronouncing, nay that no European could, i.e. the speech organs are absolutely different in the two regions. One instance is the q Polynesian phonologically from all to the west 1s that it must close kpw of Melanesia. But the fundamental principle that divides a syllable or a word with a vowel, and it cannot pronounce twa consonants together. All the languages to the west can not only close a word with a consonant, but many of them (including Malay ) prefer to do so. The only two languages in the Pacific Ocean that have the same phonological laws are Japanese, away to the north- west, and Quichua, away to the southeast; but the former is grammatically of a different type, the agglutinative, and the latter, though almost grammarless, like Polynesian, has inflections only in the pronouns, including the strange Polynesian characteristic of a different form in the first person for the plural that includes those spoken to and the plural that excludes those spoken to. I have found but a small percentage of Quichua words or roots the same as in Polynesjan, while the range of sounds in Japanese is nearly the same as in Polynesian. There is one other characteristic of Polynesian phonology that almost puts out of court the accepted theory that the Polynesian languages came from India or the Malay archipelago. They are divided into / languages and r languages. In Polynesia / has a little of the trill of the r and the r has somewhat of the liquidity of [6 ] The Languages of the Pacitic. 19 of the / so that it is easy for one to pass into the other. But the southern groups have a preference for the r sound, so that the missionaries have always written this consonant in their language as r, whilst the northern have a preference for the /] sound; these are Tonga, Samoa, Futuna, Tokelau and Hawaii; all the rest except Marquesas use r; that group has a rule neither r nor J. If we step out of Polynesia and go west, every language uses both r and /. I should like to have explained to me how, if the Polynesian languages came east into the central and eastern Pacific, they were able to divide off the / speakers and the 7 speakers after coming through seven thousand miles of languages that used both r and /. Undoubtedly in the now submerged fatherland, Hawaiki, probably lying well to the south of the equator and to the east of Samoa and Tonga and the Tokelau group, the peoples in the north and north- west of it preferred the /, those in the south and southeast preferred the r; though the preference had not grown as pronounced as it is now, it had been made perhaps through that contradictoriness which dictates the fashions of neighbors, probably more pronounced because the northern tribes were nearer the equator and preferred the sound that needed less tensity and energy in the organs of speech That Hawaiki was to the east of Samoa and Tonga is evident in the fact that the spirit land of the two groups is not Hawaiki, but Bulotu, which is probably from the Fijian bulubulu, the grave, and bulu, the abode of departed spirits, modified by the Polynesian purotu, pure, pleasant, agreeable, soft, delicate, beautiful. Burotu is in Fiji the residence of the gods and the place of spirits; so it is in Samoa and Tonga. Next to the northern tribes of Hawaiki must have lived the Tahitians, for they, like the Samoans and Hawaiians, eliminated the guttural k that had come with the primeval Polynes- ians from the colder north and continued in all the languages that, like those of Tonga, the Maoris, the Paumotus and the Austral Islands, Mangareva and Easter Island, drifted further south into -a colder zone. But, to show the influence of climate on the organs of speech, the Hawatians, when they got up to the borders of the temperate zone, though they did not restore the primeval k, began to substitute for it the ¢ of all the other Polynesian dialects. The Marquesans had already begun on Hawaiki to avoid the rolling r and the liquid / and when they reached the steep-to islands in which [7] 20 The Languages of the Pacific. they afterwards settled, they almost though not quite completed the process; there are only a few words in their language that retain the r. They also showed the same tendency as the Hawaiian to substitute k for t¢, though the tendency did not proceed to the full length of the northern language. Kaoha is the Marquesan salutation equivalent to the Hawaiian aloha. Yet the k sometimes disappears in Marquesan; for it is only from eight to ten degrees south of the equator and has sufficient moist heat to create languor in the organs of speech. Thus we have in the different branches of this, the most primitive of languages, fully developed a phonological law as strict as Grimm’s Law amongst the Indo-European and far wider in its application; it dominates not merely the explosive consonants, (t, p, k) as in the Indo-European language, but the liquids and sibilants, 7, /, s, sh and h, and even the nasal consonants, , ng. If we know the form that a word common to most takes in any one of the Polynesian languages, we know the form it takes in every other, provided we know this strict sound law. There is one exceptional sound, ch or tz, which appears in Tongan and Moriori, whilst Tongan has a b instead of the usual p. This must be due to the long intercourse of Tonga with Fiji which had a phonology more Melanesian than Polynesian. Strangely enough this ts sound also belongs to Japanese, whilst the ch form of it belongs to Ainu. But b is purely Fijian and is in fact in that language mb. This regularity of consonantal change in the various dialects of Polynesian is a characteristic that completely differentiates it from all those to the west, the Micronesian and especially Papuan and Melanesian. In these there is phonological chaos in their rela- tionships. As a rule neighboring villages in Melanesia and Papua cannot understand each other’s language though only a few miles apart, whilst the Maori can understand the Rarotongan or Tahitian or Hawaiian after a brief acquaintance with the consonantal changes. And in Hawaiki this tendency to consonantal decay must have been widespread, the change that is complete in one or more of these groups occurs sporadically in all the rest. Take as an example the loss of k which is universal in Tahitian, Samoan and Hawaiian. In Maori it is quite common to find two words meaning the same, one with the k, the other without it; two or three will [8] The Languages of the Pacific. 21 suffice, kapo, to snatch, and apo, to grasp; kita, tight, fast, and ‘ta, tight, fast; and koti, to cut, and oft, finish. Fornander points out how some, if not all of these, are paralleled in the Indo-European languages. ‘The substitution of s in Samoan for the h of the other dialects occurs also in Sanskrit, Latin, Gothic, Iranian, Greek and Cymric. The change of ng of Samoan, Maori and other southern dialects into 1 in Tahitian and Hawaiian has its parallel in the substitution of m in Slavonic for the ng of Sanskrit, Zend, Latin and other European tongues. The r was interchange- able with / in Indo-European as in Polynesian, and both were often changed into d in both linguistic spheres. It is not infrequent to find roots in both spheres that have forms with and without the r or 1, with and without the k, and with ¢ for k. Further I have found in my analysis of Polynesian roots and words that m and t are moveable prefixes like h, e.g. moti, finished, and oti, finished ; manumanu, rotten, and anuanu, disgusting; tua, the back, and wa, the backbone ; toretore, to split into strips, and hore, to split off; tu, to be strong, to stand, and w, to be firm; tu/, to tattoo, and whi, the puncturing instrument. This occurs also in Indo-European roots. In fact, as Fornander points out, the primitive Aryan language must have had exactly the same range of consonants as Polynesian and though the process was not carried so widely among the vowels, the decadence and interchange of consonants had begun. ‘The home- land of the primeval Aryan is now accepted as in Europe between the Baltic and the Black Sea, and that was a cold region in which the organs of speech were capable of different consonantal sounds ; whilst the environment of Polynesian after it reached the Pacific was tropical and exactly suited to the decay of the consonants. But the vowels in Polynesian, though not so unstable as the consonants still tend to interchange mutually, especially in the un- accented syllable. A few instances will suffce; keo, or kea, white; imu, umu and oma, oven (here 10 =u and u— a); tohunga in Maori, kahuna in Hawaiian and tufunga in Tongan and Samoan; Hawaiian anoni and anune, to mix up; Hawaiian api, the beating of the pulse, and Maori kakapa, to throb; Hawaiian weo and wea, red; Hawaiian eulu, a branch cut off to be planted again, Maori huri, a sprout, and Hawaiian /uli, kalo tops for planting; Hawaiian 10, to flee from fear, and Maori thi, to shudder. So the double vowel [9] 22 The Languages of the Pacific. au passes into o and ae passes into e. As | have proceeded in my analysis of the Polynesian languages, | become more and more astonished at the traditional statement that the Polynesian vowels are stable. What I should stay is that they are only a little less un- stable than the consonants, without any method or law in their insta- bility ; they are capriciously unstable whilst the Polynesian consonants change according to a fixed law. The most stable of the vowels and the most predominant is a. Likewise in Indo-European, there are ten roots in a for one in each of the other vowels. It is almost as strong in Polynesian. In other words a was the primeval vowei in both Indo-European and Polynesian; the others are but variations from it, the commonest series being a, ec, 1 and a, o, u. But the Indo-European tongues, as they have shifted away from their birth- land, have become more and more consonantal, which means that they have changed their climatic environment or the mothers of the generations. This increase of consonantalism has arisen largely from the elision of vowels. Thus it has come about that double consonants are fairly frequent, especially s with the other conson- ants. I faney that this has come about through using an emphatic prefix sa and then dropping its vowel. Take, for example, the root skar, to cut, and kar, English shear, in Latin curtus, mutilated, Anglo-Saxon here, an army, hargian, to harry. German Herzog, a duke, English harbour; thence heru, a sword, Gothic haerus. Root skal, to split, Anglo-Saxon scolu, a division, and hal, to scale, to strike, Anglo-Saxon healt, halt, hilt and hild, war, Latin percellere, to thrust, to strike, clades, slaughter, gladius, a sword; root skal, to be liable for fine for having killed, Anglo-Saxon seyld, a debt, should, shall; root ala, an awl, Anglo-Saxon al; root ar, to cut, to loosen, Latin aratrum, a plough, arvwim, a field plowed but not sown, earth, ear, to plow, to till; Polynesian kari, to dig; Hawaiian ali a scar. Take one or two instances of other letters, root stut, to push, Latin tunderc, to beat with repeated strokes; German stossen, to push, to strike; root slit, to tear, German schieissen, to slit, to split; English slice, and Latin laedere, to strike or dash with force against any thing; root slu, to shut, German schliessen, English slot, and root luk, to shut, English lock; root svar, to speak, to swear, to answer; and var, to speak, Latin verbum, word. We can see then that the Indo-European languages have as [ 10 | The Languages of the Pacific. 23 greatly changed from the primeval, or archetype language, as English has changed from Anglo-Saxon, or Italian from Latin. It is generally by contact with other peoples, most effectually by change of mothers or household environment that these changes occur, where there is no change in latitude. but it is the vowels that show the least change, for they are the product of the larnyx and internal organs of the throat. The consonants are manipulated by the external parts of the organs of speech which are more affected by changes of temperature and moisture. In assigning a place to a language we must never forget this distinction between the vowels, the products of the protected organs of speech, and the consonants, the products of the unprotected and manipulative organs of speech, the palate, tongue, teeth and lips. In Indo-European and in Poly- nesian the vowels are naturally therefore the least subject to change, the least unstable. In both it is the consonants that have been most subject to change. But it is the Indo-European that has shown the most change. It has split up each of its explosive consonants, those ot the lips, teeth and palate into three, (p, b, 1; t, d, th;.k, g, gh), and has thus added six sounds to its original range. That this was the case is shown by the discovery of a new Aryan language by Sir Aurel Stein in Chinese Turkestan, some seven or eight years age. He found a manuscript in the ruins of a Buddhist city written in an unknown tongue that was spoken by a people, the Tochari, included during Roman times in the Bactrian empire. It was found to be a pure Aryan tongue of the EKuropeaa type before the consonants had changed; it had only one dental, one labial and one palatal. If Polynesian is not merely a language that has an Aryan element in it, as Fornander very thoughtfully proved, but is an Aryan language itself, as he declared, then it parted from the primeval European type before the consonantal changes had gone far. It has t, k, and in most of its dialects p, but Tongan shows the change of p to b as it shows the change from ¢ to ch or tz. Primeval Aryan as it is seen in Tocharish has the same range of sounds as Polynesian and practically the same sounds and number of sounds. It showed the same tendencies to drop k, to make t and k interchangeable, to elide r or make it interchangeable with / or d, to substitute s for h, f for wh, and » for ng. Its fundamental vowel was a; and so it is in Polynesian. Look in the Hawaiian dictionary and you will find ten [11 | 24 The Languages of the Pacific. times as many words with a as the vowel as those with any one of the other four vowels, e, 7, 0, u. From a in both languages there are two series of mutations e and 7 on the one hand and o and wv on the other. If you look into Fick’s Indo-European dictionary, you will find ten times more roots with a as the vowel than those that have e or 1, 0 or u. And as far as I can judge by analysis of the roots of more than one syllable or two letters, they are all reducible to roots of one or two sounds, a pure vowel or a consonant and a vowel. In other words primeval Indo-European had the same sound law as Polynesian, i. e. it preferred to close a syllable or word with a vowel. There is one other point that the discovery of Tocharish settles, it is that the western European type of language came east into Asia. Aryan languages are divided into two sections by a line drawn from the Baltic to the Black Sea. West of that all the languages retain the original k sound. East of it all reduce it to a sibilant, at least all till Tocharish was discovered. The former are called by philologists the centwm languages from the Latin word for one hun- dred; the latter the Sato languages from the Sanskrit word for one hundred. ‘Tocharish retains the k unchanged to s, and must there- fore have come east long before Sanskrit hived off and traveled into Asia. Polynesian also retains the k unchanged into s, and it too with the same sound-range as Tocharish and the primeval Aryan languages must have traveled from Europe west of the line between the Baltic and the Black Sea through Asia, long before Sanskrit began its long migration into India or even began its elaborate inflectional system. That inflectional system had begun before it completely separated from its cousins; for many of its inflections have close kinship with those of Greek, Latin and the Teutonic languages. Even Polynesian, which shows an extremely primitive beginning of inflections in the personal pronouns (the dual in ua and the plural in ow), must have hived off and gone east before the inflectionalism had developed to any great extent. There could have been little or no formal grammar, as we can see in Tocharish; the same word could be used as noun, adjective, adverb or verb; and particles supplied the cement or binding element of the sentence. Of course every dialect of Polynesia has a large percentage of its words and roots peculiar to itself; Hawaiian has, I should [ 12 ] on The Languages of the Pacific. 2 think, at least thirty per cent of such, but this is no proof of any alien infiltration, but only of migrations from the sinking fatherland Hawaiki, to the group, separated by so long intervals of time as to allow of the disuse of one set of words in the mother tongue and the loss of another set in the new land. For they have all the same phonology, figurative application and transparency of composition that distinguish all the Polynesian dialects. The languages of Melanesia and coastal Papua, away to the west of Polynesia, have only a small percentage of their vocabularies in any way to be identified with Polynesian words, and as a rule these are greatly mutilated and often difficult to recognize. I gave some few words in my previous lecture, which going right through to the Malay archipelago yet found their derivation only in Polynesian; as e.g. bia or pia the sago tree, but in Polynesian “exudation” from pi which is used in that language in the sense of “ to exude.” I will add one more; the Polynesian wahine, a woman, comes from wa == “set apart” and hine, “a girl,” but it goes away west into Indonesia in many different forms as e. g. fafen, vaine, aine, babineh. I could easily give scores of others. I doubt greatly if the implication in the term “Malayo-Polynesian” that these languages are all akin is correct. For though they are to some extent grammarless like Polynesian, they have much more formal grammar than Polynesian. In the Melanesian and coastal Papuan and to a small extent in the Micronesian and Indonesian languages there is a shorter form of the personal pronoun used as an affix to the noun. These are so much more primitive in their linguistic and intellectual development that they cannot think of a thing but as belonging to some personality ; it is always mine or yours or his. The Polynesians have no mental primitiveness of this kind, they can think of a thing in itself and apart from its possession by a person. So in the Polynesian dialects (chiefly in Hawaiian) there is only a trace of a grammatical habit that is found largely in the Indonesian languages and is almost universal in the languages between Polynesia and the Malay archi- pelago. They cannot use the numerals except with classifying particles; flat things have one special particle to themselves when being counted, and round things another and so on. A third characteristic of those languages to the west is the use of an infix, i.e. the insertion of a significant syllable right into the heart of a [13] 20 The Languages of the Pacific. word. Polynesian and Aryan show no sign of this. These char- acteristics reveal a different linguistic attitude of mind from Poly- nesian and Indo-Furopean. The linguistic attitude of Polynesia faces north towards Japanese and Ainu which have got no such restriction on their use of nouns and numerals. That the Polynesian vocabulary looks also to some extent in that direction will be apparent from a few examples. (1) Hawatian huli, kalo tops for planting, Samoan wii, sprouts of taro, Aino chi urip, the Japanese taro-yam, Japanese wri, a melon. (2) Maori takutaku, to recite incantations, Samoan ta’u, to tell. Ainu itak, to speak, word, speech. (3) Maori tango, to handle, Samoan tango, to touch, (Latin tango), Malay tangan, the hand, Ainu tek, the hand. (4) Maori toko, to spring up in the mind, Ainu tok or tuk, to grow, project. (5) Maori toko, a pole, (English stock), Japanese oko, a pole for carrying burdens. (6) Maori po, the under world, Ainu pok, beneath, under. (7) Maori toht, to cut, Ainu fuz, to cut. (8) Maori tuhi, to tattoo, Japanese tojt, to prick, to sew. (9) Maori toma, a burial place; Ainu toma, a mat for rolling the dead in. (10) Maori Tu, the god who propped up the heaven, then god of war; Ainu tuntu, a pillow, chief support of a building, hence God as the upbuilder of the universe. (11) Maori tupo, a tomb, a cave or hiding place for the bones of the dead, tupapaku, a dead body; Ainu tumbu, a room, house. (12) Maori tuki, (Tongan tsuki), to thrust or strike with anything end- wise; Japanese tsuk?, to thrust, or strike with anything pointed. (13) Maori ana, a cave; Japanese ana, a cave. (14) Maori whau, (Hawaiian haw), the hibiscus from whose bark kapa and cords were made: Polynesian aute, (Hawaiian wauke), the paper mulberry, from Hawaiian alu, to clothe; or the soaked bark of the mulberry, equal to Maori kahu, a garment, kakahu, to clothe; Japanese kazu, the paper mulberry. (15) Polynesian ahi, fire; Ainu abe, fire; Japanese ji, fire. (16) Polynesian ai, to beget; Japanese ai, love. (17) Tongan amo, to use friction on the body; Futuna amoamo, to rub a sick person lightly; Ainu amusa, to stroke the head -as salutation. These have been taken at random out of scores of examples I have marked down in my Maori dictionary. I must not weary you by too many examples of the affinity of the Polynesian words to European; Fornander has done it to some [ 14 ] The Languages of the Pacific. 27 extent in his third volume, and though a percentage of his examples are inaccurate because he has failed to get at the root of either the Polynesian word or the European and so compared a root element with a merely formative element, seventy-five per cent of his com- parisons are on the whole correct and even scientific. I have hundreds of others; a few will suffice. (1) We all know the Hawaiian word kahuna for a sorcerer or priest; it is in other Polynesian dialects tahunga or tohunga or taunga, and Paumotan has tahutahu, a sorcerer; it is, like so many European words, and still more Polynesian, influenced by two roots; one is tahu, to kindle, to make a burnt offering, from the root iu, to shine, burn, tapu, sacred; the other is tohu, to draw out, teach, prophesy, (Ainu tusu, to prophesy, Latin ducere, to draw out, educare, to teach). There is a corresponding word in the European tongue; it is in German Zauber, a sorcerer, in Old Norse taufr, in Old Saxon toufere, this is probably at first from a root hu to offer a sacrifice, to perform a sacred service; this appears in Anglo-Saxon /us/, an ‘ offering, the origin of Hamlet's “wnhouselled, unaneled,’ but the prefix ta or to being added, the other function of a priest, that of educating drew in the influence of the root fuk, to guide, teach, which we see in our word education. (2) Polynesian whatu, a stone, has another form patu, to strike, the source of the Maori patupatu, a club, a stone striker; this is evidently from pa, to strike, and tu, to be strong or stiff. In the European languages there is the word represented by English bat and batlet; the English battle and combat are from the same, but through French from Low Latin i.e. Latinised Teutonic batucre, from batu, to strike, and that is from the same two roots, ba, to strike, and tu, strong. (3) The Hawaiian awiki, to hasten (equal to wiki); this is from two roots, wi, to be quick, as in, awiwi, to hasten, and ki, to go. The French vite — quick and wif, lively or alive. The English quick which also means to be alive, is from a root vi, to be alive, which appears in Latin vivere and ki or kvi, to hasten, to have energy. (Compare root 4, to go, Latin ire.) This wi or kw or ki, to be strong, 1s practically the same as vi or 7, to live; it appears as i in Tahitian and Paumotan wai, to be, to exist, and in Maori toz, life; (compare Latin aevum—English ever); this vai appears in the Polynesian word for spirit, soul, ghost, vairua, which properly means “the [15] 28 The Languages of the Pacific. double or second existence.” In Maori we have the duplication of qvai in waiwai meaning “energy,” “intellectual force.’ The root i appears also in the Polynesian io, “the soul,” and in the Hawaiian to, reality, truth. (4) The last example I shall take is the word ruma, a house, which has been almost driven out of Polynesian by the word whare, (Hawaiian hale, Samoan fale), probably because it was the name or part of the name of some king or chief and had become fapu; we find it in Maori turwma, an outhouse, in Tahitian fareturuma, an out-house, and in Samoan Juma, a preposition mean- « ing “in front of’; this last shows the original sense of the word “space”; it was the space in front of a temple or a chief’s house, (whence a chief’s breakfast was called Jumaava, i.e. the drinking of ava before his house) ; from this it came to be used for “in front of.” It goes away west, varying in form in both senses of “space” or “cultivated plot” or “house.” In Java wma is an unirrigated rice field in the mountains, whilst rwima means “a house.” In Malekula in the New Hebrides when they make a new garden in the forest it is called wma; and right up the Malay peninsula into Assam “wma” is the name applied to cutting a space in the forest by felling the trees and burning the bush in order to sow seeds or plant tubers. Now in English we have the word “room” meaning “space,” (the older sense), and “apartment,” originally “house”; this in Gothic was rumas, free space, German Raum, Old Norse and Anglo-Saxon rum, this meant originally “a space cut in the forest for cultivation” as is seen in the Latin rus, “the open country”. The first form was rao, as is seen in German “Raum.” ‘The derivation is from the root ru, to fell, cut down, seen in such words as Latin ruina, downfall, and diruere, to pull down, and the affix ma. In Polynesian it is also derived from the root ru, to strike, to shake, to scatter, and the most common of all substantival affixes—ma. Whilst there exists also in Polynesian the word raorao, meaning “an open space free from trees,’ (Samoan) a part of the bush cleared for a plantation, ruma does not exist in Sanskrit. These are specimens taken at random out of many hundreds, if not thousands. With such wealth of affinity in the words and roots, such similarity in the original range of sounds and in the sound-laws between Polynesian and primeval Aryan, it is difficult [ 16 ] The Languages of the Pacific. 29 to resist the conclusion that Polynesian came from Europe many thousands of years ago. It looks as if this simple, primeval language came in with the first-comers in the old stone age, the potteryless migration that alone brought women into the central and eastern Pacific. For it has remained the most primitive language in the world as far as phonology is concerned. It is the women that mould the sound range, accent and pronunciation of a language. The mothers have the senses of their children completely in their power during the plastic age of the organs of speech, from one to seven; they dominate the phonology as they dominate the household arts like pottery; whilst the men have the vocabulary in their hands, its scope and extensions. It seems almost inevitable then that the main features of the Polynesian tongue, especially the sound-range and the sound-laws, go back to the old stone age in Europe. In that case we must conclude that the Aryan language started on its career from twenty to twenty-five thousand years ago, and that philological students of Latin and Greek and the modern European languages must study Polynesian in order to see the type from which these sprung and the final analysis of their words and roots. This long period of time is necessary to explain the vast extent of the earth over which first Indo-European had spread even before our era, and the still greater extent over which Polynesian elements have spread. Both have more than half circled the world. And 1f the two are one, we have the most extraordinary language that the world has seen. And out of the divisions of it, English is drawing towards becoming as nearly the universal language as cne language can ever be. It is a great thing to have for one’s language one of a type that has, as Polynesian has, traveled across half the world by land and then doubled back as far by sea. par | DCCASION ATL, PAPERS OF THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY VotuME VII—No. 3. Wir Prares III-XI NEW HAWAIIAN PLANTS—VII By Cuartes N. Forses HONOLULU, HAWAII Bishop Musktum PrgEss 1920 OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY VotumME VII—No. 32 Witte ep AtEcy NIE Ser NEW HAWAIIAN PLANTS—VII By CuHartes N. Forses HONOLULU, HAWAII BisHop Mustum PREss 1920 New Hawaiian Plants—VII By CHarzEs N. Forbes. In classifying and incorporating the Hawaiian botanical material at the Bernice P. Bishop Museum Herbarium, the plants on which the present paper is based seemed to be sufficiently distinct to be described as new species. With the exception of the Hibiscadeiphus, which was collected many years ago by Dr. Wm. Hillebrand and sent by him to Horace Mann, all of these species have been coil- lected by the author since 1908. Hibiscadelphus bombycinus, sp. nov. PLATE III. Tree or shrub? Leaves reniform or somewhat orbicular in outline, obscurely five lobed with the lobes repand above, deeply cordate with the lobes overlapping at the base, rounded at the apex, stellate pubescent on both faces, especially below, 7-8.7 cm. long, 6.5-8.2 cm. wide; petioles pube- scent, 4.2-5.2 cm. long. Flowers single, on pedicels of 2.1-3 cm. in length. Involucral brats strap-shaped, rounded at the apex, 9 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, stellate pubescent. Calyx cup-shaped, 6-toothed, or lobed, stellate pubescent on the outside, 1.2 cm. high. Corolla slightly curved, hardly opening, densely stellate pubescent, the nerves prominent, 3.4 cm. long. Staminal column scarcely exserted. Capsules woody, either globular and 2.9 cm. high, or obovoid and 3.2 cm. high, dense stellate hirsute on the outside. Seed covered with yellowish hair. Type in the B. P. B. M. Herbarium, collected at Kawaihae-uka, (inland) Hawaii, T. H., by Wm. Hillebrand, not numbered; formerly in the Mann and Brigham Herbarium. This species is closely related to H. hualalaiensis Rock, but differs in the strap-shaped involucral bracts, and smaller leaves. The type sheet bears a label in Hillebrand’s handwriting, re- ferring the specimen to “Hibiscus section Bombycina,” and also two envelopes containing capsules. Most of these capsules resemble those of H. hualalaiensis Rock, but one in better condition than the others is similar to those of H. Giffardianus Rock. Hillebrand eContinucd: trom Occ, Papers, B. PBs MM. Vol, LV; 34> Ve 13 Vi i 3) 4 real (33) 34 New Hawaiian Plants. P. B. M. Herbarium, collected at the Hii mountains, Kauai, I’. H., October 22, 1916, by C. N. Forbes, No. 166, K. (fruit lacking). In the B. P. B. M. Herbarium from the same locality are No. 654, K, collected by C. N. Forbes and an unnumbered, undated sheet of specimens collected by Rev. J. M. Lydgate; collected at the Waioli Valley, Kauai, T. H., August 5, 1909, by C. N. Forbes, No. 132, K. This species has the calyx of the Crotonocalyx group, but the leaves of the Schizocalyx group. The calyx shows no tendency to split. The leaves of No. 132, K, 21.3 cm. long, 7.3 cm. wide and the petiole, 5.9 cm. in length, are larger than the type; other features the same. This species differs from C. Knudsenti Rock in the calyx, which is broadly lobed instead of narrow-lanceolate, and in the pubescence of the corolla which is villous, not hirsute. The calyx lobes are not parted below the middle. It shows relationship to C. kauaiensis Wawra in the thinner calyx, and pubescent ovary. Cyrtandra propinqua, sp. nov. PLATE VII. Shrub with pale rust-colored, spreading, hirsute hairs. Leaves cordate, opposite, abruptly acuminate at the apex, serrate (more coarsely serrate than in C. waiolaniu Wawra), papillose-hirsute above, pubescent below with the veins hirsute, 10.6-12.2 cm. long, 8.3-10.6 cm. wide, with hirsute petioles 4.5- 5 cm. long. Inflorescence hirsute, flowers three, on a common peduncle of 2.5-3.1 cm. long, the pedicels 1.8-2.3 cm. long; the bracts ovate, 1.4 cm. long, 8 mm. wide. Calyx hirsute with spreading hairs, 1.7 cm. high, split at the base into five Iunceolate sepals, which become recurved at the apex. Corolla as in C. waiolant, the pubescence silvery white and slightly longer. Berry not seen. on — 36 New Hawatan Plants. Type in the B. P. B. M. Herbarium, collected at the Koolauloa moun- tains between Punaluu and Kaipapau, Oahu, T. H., Nov. 14-21, 1909, by Cc. N. Forbes, No. 2563, O. This species differs from C. watolanii Wawra in its cordate leaves, differently shaped bracts, and somewhat in the pubescence of the corolla. C. propingqua has calyx lobes broader at the base than those of C. watolanti, which are linear. The two species are closely related. Cyrtandra Munroi, sp. nov. PLATE VIII. A shrub with rust-colored tomentose branches. Leaves opposite, elliptical in outline, acuminate at the apex, acute at the base, serrate, hirsute on both faces, especially along the rust-colored nerves and petiole, dark green above, paler below, 14.2-15 cm. long, 6.8-9.4 cm. wide; petiole 5.3-5.7 cm. long. Inflorescence rusty tomentose, the common peduncle 2.2-4.5 cm. long, the pedicels 1.4-3.1 cm. long, the bracts ovate, acute, 1 cm. long, 7 mm. wide, 1-3 flowered. Calyx cup-shaped, incised to the middle, lobes broad, acute, hirsute, 9 mm. high. Corolla erect, hirsute on the outside, glabrous within, projecting beyond the calyx; the tube 1.4 cm. long, the small lobes sub-equal. Ovary glabrous. Berry conical, rusty holosericeous, 2.3 cm. long, I.1 cm. in diameter. Type in the B. P. B. M. Herbarium, collected at the eastern end of the mountains of Lanai, I. H., June, 1913, by C. N. Forbes, No. 236, L: Also collected at the Pali above Waiopaa, Lanai, T. H., March 25, 1915, by G. C. Munro (No. 417). C. Munroi belongs to the section Crotonocalyces of Hillebrand, resembling certain forms of C. platyphylla, from Hawaii, in the shape of its leaves, but is more closely allied to the species belonging to this section which occur on the island of Maui. The leaves of the specimen collected by Munro are unequal sided. Cyrtandra Georgiana, sp. nov. PLATE IX. Shrub. Branches covered with a short hirsute pubescence. Leaves opposite, elliptical to obovate in outline, acuminate at the apex, cunate at the base, hirsute above, rusty tomentose below, especially along the veins, serrate, 16-16.4 cm. long, 7.4-9.8 cm. wide, with pubescent petioles 2.7-4.5 cm. long. Inflorescence rusty tomentose, 3-6 flowered, some pedicels bearing 2-3 flowers, of which the primary and secondary pedicels combined equal in length the primary single flowered pedicel, the common peduncle 3.9-4.3 cm. long, the pedicels 2-2.8 cm. long, the bracts ovate, acute, I cm. long, 6 mm. wide. [6] New Hawanan Plants. 27 Calyx deeply parted to near the base, the sepals ovate-acuminate, narrowed at the base, rusty pubescent on both faces, 1 cm. long, 5 mm. wide. Corolla (incomplete) sparingly pubescent on the outside, glabrous within. Ovary glabrous. Berry ovoid, glabrous, 1.2 cm. long, 8 mm. in diameter. Type in the B. P. B. M. Herbarium, collected in the mountains of Lanai, T. H., September, 1917, by C. N. Forbes, No. 348, L. Although this species belongs to the Schizocalyces of Hille- brand, it is more closely related to C. Munrot Forbes of the Cro- tonocalyces than to any other described species. Clermontia Samuelii sp. nov. PLATE X. While collecting botanical specimens on the northern slope of Haleakala, Maui, T. H., between the Keanae Gap and Kipahulu, at an elevation of about 6500 feet, the writer observed a very beauti- ful species of an undescribed Clermontia, in the dense rain forest a short distance west of an old cone called Wai Anapanapa. In color and shape the flowers resemble those of the common form of C. grandiflora Gaud, which is common on the western slopes of Hale- akala in the vicinity of Ukulele, but in other characters the plant differs widely from any of the described species. While related to C. grandiflora Gaud. in character of flowers and in size of leaves, it is at once separated by the character of its inflorescence, and the _pubescence of the leaves. This species is very distinct from C. kakeana Meyen and related species, having pubescent leaves; while the flowers at once separate it from C. parviflora Gaud. and its allies. It was the only Clermontia seen in the type locality, but the forest is very dense there, and practically unexplored. I take pleasure in naming the species in honor of Mr. S. A. Baldwin of Makawao, Maui, who very generously aided the Museum in the exploration of Haleakala, and to whom the writer is indebted for many kindnesses. Clermontia Samuelii has the following characters: Shrub, 12-18 dm. high, densely branched from the base, the branchlets covered with dense brownish pubescence which is purple on new growth. Leaves obovate to elliptical in outline, acute or sub-acuminate at the apex, acute or cuneate at the base, finely serrate with callous pointed teeth, with fine soft whitish tomentum on both faces but most so below, very dark green above but not shiny, dark but much paler below, rather thin chartaceous when dry, 6.4-7.4 cm. long, 2.3-3.2 cm. wide, on pubescent petioles of 1.4-1.6 [7] 38 New Hawatan Plants. em. in length. Inflorescence a 2-5 flowered cyme, the peduncle 13-8 mm. long, marked by scars and one or more pairs of linear bracts 3 mm. in length; the pedicels filiform, drooping, 2-1.6 cm. long, with subulate bracts near the base. Flowers slightly curved or sickle-shaped. Calyx glabrous, thin, slightly shorter than the corolla, the lobes linear acuminate, the upper one splitting to near the base, the lower ones splitting one-third the distance of the tube, a delicate purplish-pink color; the ovarian portion turbinate, bright green, 1.1 cm. long. Corolla 4.6 cm. long, 6 mm. wide, glabrous, slightly lighter colored than the calyx. Staminal column and anthers glabrous, purple. Mature fruit not seen. The type is mounted on sheet No. 1225, M, in the B. P. B. M. Herbarium at Honolulu, and was collected by C. N. Forbes on the north slope of Haleakala, Maui, T. H., at an elevation of 6500 feet to the west of Waianapa- napa, August 22, 1919. Another specimen is mounted on sheet No. 1215, M, 4 and was collected near the same station on the same date. Argyroxiphium caligini sp. noy. PLATE XI. During the menth of May, 1910, while botanizing on Puu Kukui the summit of West Maui, a small colony of a ‘species of Argyroxiphium was observed, but unfortunately all the plants were sterile. While the plant has since been observed by Mr. J. F. Rock and others, no one seems to have collected flowering specimens.* In September of 1917 while collecting on Eke an isolated cone which is about 1000 feet lower in elevation than Puu Kukui, this species of Silversword was found to be one of the most conspicuous plants of this boggy habitat. The plant proves to be a different species from that found on either the uplands of the island of Hawaii or of Fast Maui. It differs from the other described species in its much smaller size. The silvery leaves are about the width of those of A. virescens Hbd., but only half the length. The flower heads are smaller than those of A. virescens, which are described by Hillebrand as smaller than those of A. sandwicense, DC. Field experience has proved that size of head is a variable character, the flower heads of many plants being fully as large as those of A. macrocephalum Gray. Another form of Argyroxiphium on Eke differed in having somewhat greenish leaves which however were *J. F. Rock in Annual Rept. Bd. Agr. and For., T. H., for toro, p. 80 (ort); alsor for Tore) p. 53) (i919) [8] New Hawatan Plants. 39 much more pubescent than those of A. virescens Hbd, and also differed in the glandular pubescent, not silvery raceme. The Puu Kukui plants probably belong to this form. This plant was not observed in any of the extensive bogs on Haleakala, and is probably not a cross between A. macrocephalum and A. virescens or Wilkesia Grayana. Argyroxiphium plants growing in the bogs on Haleakala are not depauperate. A detailed description of Argyroxiphium caligini follows: Herb with a stem of 2-2.5 cm. in diameter, soon tapering into a simple foliose raceme of 3-4 dm. in length. Leaves linear, 10.5-12.2 cm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, densely silvery-sericeous. Raceme simple; the rachis, leaves, and foliar bracts silvery-sericeous; the pedicels slender, green, viscous- pubescent, 5-9 cm. long. Heads nodding, 1.5-1.7 cm. in diameter. Invocural bracts viscous-pubescent, green, lanceolate, acuminate. Ray flowers few, ligulate, the ligules bifid, 3-4 mm. in length, 1 mm. or less in width, purplish colored as are the disk flowers. Disk flowers with the limb 4 mm. in length, narrow below and puberulous, widening above and glabrous. Achenes glab- rous, 5-7 mm. long, the radial ones shorter and curved. Pappus of ray flowers reduced to a narrow truncate coronula. Pappus of disk flowers reduced to 5 or 6 corneous, acute, teeth-like paleae which are deciduous from a disk. Type in the B. P. B. M. Herbarium, No. 391, M, collected on Eke, West Maui, T. H., October, 1917, by C. N. Forbes. Argyroxiphium caligini var Kai var. nov. Leaves with a slight greenish hue to the pubescence. Rachis of the raceme glandular pubescent and not silvery. While of wider distribution than the species, it is much less common. The variety is named for Mr. K. Kai, head ditch man at Honokohau Valley, Maui, who aided in the exploration of Eke. Type in the B. P. B. M. Herbarium, No. 391, a. M., collected on Eke, West Maui, T. H., October, 1917, by C. N. Forbes. Another specimen in the same Herbarium is No. 64, M, collected on Puu kukui, West Maui, T. H., May, 1910, by C. N. Forbes. Lo] Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers Volume VII, Plate III HIBISCADELPHUS BOMBYCINUS FORBES. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers Volume VII, Plate IV VIOLA KAUAIENSIS WAHIAWAENSIS FORBES. Bernice P Bishop Museum Occasional Papers Volume VII, Plate V CYRTANDRA OLONA FORBES. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers Volume VII, Plate VI CYRTANDRA HII FORBES. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers Volume VII, Plate VII CYRTANDRA PROPINQUA FORBES. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers Volume VII, Plate VIII CYRTANDRA MUNROI FORBES. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers Volume VII, Plate IX CYRTANDRA GEORGIANA FORBES. Bernice P. Bishop Museum CLERMONTIA Occasional Papers Volume VII, Plate X SAMUELIL FORBES. * | ett: ‘ ; ' ee: ioreaity f° Gar Pig eal =a Bernice P. Rishop Museum Occasional Papers Volume VII, Plate XI 4 : yf Fie if oe yt rk i, r ARGYROXIPHIUM CALIGINI FORBES. OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY VoLuME VII—No. 4 Wire Prat Xn. A NEW CYANEA FROM LANAI, HAWAII By CHartEsS N. Forses AND GEorRGE C. Munro. HONOLULU, HAWAII BisHop MusEuM Press 1920 A New Cyanea from Lanai, Hawaii By CHaries N. Forsres and Grorce C. Munro. The following interesting species of Cyanea was found by Mr. G. C. Munro and Mr. Frank Baldwin at Keomuku, Lanai, T. H. Cyanea Baldwinii sp. nov. PLATE XII. A shrub 15 dm. high, branching from the base; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at the apex, obtuse at the base, irregularly, strongly, and acutely sinuate, glabrous and dark green above, scabrous or echinvlate and green below, membraneous, 30.4-39.9 cm. long, I1.4-12.3 cm. wide, with echinate petioles 7.9-9.2 cm. long; peduncle dark purple, 14 mm. long, sparingly echinate, few flowered, the bracts narrow-linear 9 mm. long, the pedicels slender, 2.4 cm. long; calyx purple at the base, sparingly pilose, the tube conical, 12 mm. long, the lobes oblong, abruptly acute, with a strong mid- vem and faint lateral ones, 10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide; corolla curved, purple, pilose, 5.9 cm. long, the lobes linear, 1.6 em. long; staminal column glabrous, the anthers bearded, 11 mm. long. Fruit not seen. Type in the B. P. B. M. Herbarium, No. 674, collected at Lanathale, Lanai, Hawaii, September, I919, at an elevation of about 3000 feet, by G. C. Munro. Only a single bush of this rare species was seen by the collector. This plant is distinguished from either Cyanea Gibsonii Hbd. or from Cyanea atra Hbd. by its corolla which is sparingly pilose, not hirsute, by its lighter color, shorter corolla lobes, and by the pubescence of its leaves. In texture the leaves are similar to those of Cyanea Gibsonii Hbd. The anthers are shorter than those of Cyanea Gibsoniit Hbd. which measure 16 mm. in length, but are of the same length as those of Cyanea atra Hbd. Cyanea Baldwinii Forbes and Munro seems rather remotely removed from either Cyanea Gibsonii Hbd. or Cyanea atra Hbd. but cannot be well compared with any other species. Our illustration, plate I, is of the type specimen. [eased (43) Occasional Papers Vol. VII, Plate XII. Bishop Museum. Bernice LP. MUNRO. CYANEA BALDWINIIT FORBES AND OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY VoLtuME VII—No. 5 With Plates XIII-XIV. NOTES ON MARSILEA VILLOSA KAULF By Cuaryes N. ForsBes HONOLULU, HAWAII BisHop Museum Press 1920 OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY VoLtuME VII—No. 5 With Plates XITI-XIV. NOTES ON MARSILEA VILLOSA KAULF By CHARLES N. ForBES HONOLULU, HAWAII BrsHop MuskuM PREss 1920 “=. Po ite ze Notes on Marsilea Villosa Kaulf CHARLES N. ForBEs. Marsilea villosa, first collected by Chamisso on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, was described by Kaulfuss! as follows: M. foliolis cuneato-obovatis rotundatis integerrimis strigosis, petiolis strictis coarctatis, capsulis subsessilibus villosissimis. Habitat in Owahu |Oahu]. Chamisso. Foliola subtus strigosa. Petioli 4-6 pollicares subcapil- lares strigosi. Capsulae lana ferruginea inyolutae. Brackenridge* referred specimens of Marsilea collected in Ore- gon, California, and Oahu, Hawaii, to V/. villosa Kaulf. He consid- ered M. vestita Hk. and Grev. to be a synonym, stating in the text: The plants from these several localities do not differ from each other in any essential respect. The leaves and peduncles in specimens from the same locality sometimes vary in being more or less villous. Our Oregon plant is evidently the MW. vestita of Hooker and Greville’, although not quite so hairy W. J. Robinson* makes the following statement in regard to M. villosa: The specimens examined indicate that the Hawaiian plant is a larger and less hairy species than that figured by Hooker and Greville. Through the kindness of Dr. W. A. Setchell I have recently had the opportunity to examine the J/. vestita, chietly fruiting specimens, in the University of California Herbarium. Although there was con- siderable variation in this representative series of specimens, from numerous localities in the region extending from Oregon to Lower California, nearly all of the plants were less hairy than old fruiting specimens of MW. villosa recently collected in Hawaii. The M. ves- tita of the west coast of North America grows in places that become completely dry in summer. Having had a large colony of MV. villosa under observation since 1916, | can now positively state that the *Kaulfuss, G. F., Enumeratio filicum quas in itinere circa terram legit Cl. Adalbertus de Chamisso, p. 272, 1824. * Brackenridge, Wm. D., U. S. Exp. Wilkes, Botany, Filices, p. 340, 1854. * Hooker, W. J., and Greville, R. K., Icones filicum, vol. 2, tab. 159, 1831. in all its parts as represented by their figure. “Robinson, W. J., A taxonomic study of the Pteridophyta of the Hawaiian Islands: Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, vol. 39, p. 233, 1912. Rea (47) 48 Notes on Marsilea Villosa. pubescence of this species, and probably also of M/. vestita, is a char- acter which is dependent on environmental factors. Marsilea villosa is now very rare in Hawat, and is not repre- sented in many herbaria. The habitats for the plant are old taro patches, places where Colocasia antiquorum was cultivated. Accord- ing to Robinson’ all specimens of it in the Berlin Herbarium are sterile, and those collected by Remy have narrower leaflets and a more compact rootstalk than those collected by Chamisso. A station for this plant was found in Palolo valley, within the city limits of Honolulu, in a small, poorly drained area formerly taro patches, but now overgrown with several species of grass and sedge, among which are a few large Kiawe trees (Prosopis juliflora). Among the sedges was an abundance of Elaeocharis palustris (1,) R. Brown, which was recorded from Oahu by Kunth, though its existence in the Hawaiian group was doubted by Hillebrand.® When the station was first visited in March, an area of about two acres was flooded with water, on the surface of which were floating thousands of Marsilea leaves. The plants gathered at that time were all sterile and were glabrous in all parts except the nodes, which varied from nearly glabrous to somewhat woolly (Pl. XIII). The length of the petioles varied directly with the depth of the water in which the plants were growing—long petioles in deep water, short petioles in shallow water—and were of unusual length on plants growing in water amongst grass. Plants taken from shal- low water near the edge of the pond had petioles ranging in length from 3.5 to 4.0 centimeters; whereas many growing in water with grass had petioles of 23 centimeters in length. In proportion as the water dried up with the advance of summer, the plants became more and more conspicuously rusty woolly at the nodes, and the under side of the leaves became pubescent with whitish hairs. Finally when the water had disappeared, during the last week in April of the same year, the plants were found to be densely rusty woolly at the nodes, with occasionally a few scattered hairs along the rhizome. On a dry hummock a single fruiting specimen was found. * Robinson, W. J., op. cit. * Hillebrand, Wm., Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, p. 474, 1888. [4] Notes on Marsilea Villosa. 49 The locality was not revisited until May of 1917, at which time the water had not entirely dried up. Many fruiting specimens were collected where the water had disappeared, particularly along the edge of a road, where the rhizomes were covered with a loose vol- canic ash. ‘The sporocarps were covered with rust-colored silky hairs, and in many specimens were hidden in the dense rust-colored wool of the rhizome. It is notable that practically all fruiting plants were found either at the edge of the water—not in it—or in places that had become dry early in the season (see P. XIV). Plants growing in deeper water generally wither up and die before pro- ducing sporocarps. The locality was visited several times during the latter part of 1918, and finally July 1, 1919, when a portion of the area was found to be full of rubbish and dry. Only a few fruiting plants and no living sterile plants were seen. Under culture in an aquarium, glabrous plants of Marsilea vil- losa behaved exactly as in nature, in respect to the development of pubescence, while the water was evaporating. All specimens expert- mented upon produced a vigorous vegetative growth, but died before producing sporocarps. Following Brackenridge’ it is my opinion that 7. villosa Kaulf. and M. vestita Hk. and Grev. are the same species. Differences in regard to the pubescence, length of petiole, and compactness of root- stalk of different herbarium specimens of these species are merely the result of environmental conditions at the time the specimens were collected. Differences in size and width of the leaves of different specimens are merely individual variations. It is probable that 7. villosa was brought from the West Coast of North America to Hawaii by natural means. * Brackenridge, Wm. D., op. cit. OL ue Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Oceasional Papers Vol. VII, Plate XIII. MARSILEA VILLOSA KAULF. tion in length of petioles in proportion which they grew—the longest petioles from the deepest water. tral specimen grew with grass in water. No. 2362 barium, Sterile specimens showing varia- to the depth of the water in The cen- 133, Jey 1B Wil, Jai Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers Vol. VII, Plate XIV. MARSILFA VWILLOSA KAULF. Fruiting specimens showing the compact rootstalks of the fruiting plants as compared with sterile plants. It will be noted that the fruiting specimens are villous in all parts, especially at the nodes which are densely rusty woolly. No. 2515. oO B. P. B. M. Herbarium. OCCASIONAL PAPERS BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY VoLuME VII—No. 6. WitH PLATE XV. A NEW VARIETY OF PARTULINA HORNERI By J. J. and A. Gouveta. HONOLULU, HAWAII BisHop Museum Press 1920 OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY VoLtuME VII—No. 6. With PLateE XV. ANEW VARIETY OF PARTULINA HORNERI By J. J. and A. Gouveta. HONOLULU, HAWAII BisHop Museum Press 1920 A New Variety of Partulina Hornen By A. GouvEIa Partulina horneri, (Baldwin) var. kapuana, n. var. Jag and: Ac GOUY EA PLATE XV. Shell sinistral, translucent, apex acute, spire slightly concave, surface shining, the first two whorls nearly uniformly light brown in adult specimens, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th, brown, obliquely marked with white zigzag lines, last whorl lighter colored than the upper whorls, gradually becoming lighter and nearly pure white just in back of the lip and furnished with a white band just below the periphery, the upper margin of the band is bordered by a slightly darker shade of brown; whorls 7, first five slightly convex, the last very much inflated, forming a little more than half of the shell, rounded at the periphery; suture simple and slightly impressed; columella simple, white, nearly straight, slightly convex below, broader above and covering a deep circular umbilicus; aperture large, semiovate, white within; margin of the lip thin, edged on the outside with a very narrow dark line, slightly thickened within. Length 24 mm. diam. (diagonal) 14 mm.; aperture, length I2 mm., diam. 9.3 mm. Embryo: light brown with a narrow dark brown peripheral band, bordered on both sides by a white band and with broad indistinct irregular stripes. There were about four to each pregnant specimen. Habitat: Waialohe, Kapua, South Kona, Hawaii: About one-half mile above Government Road; on Pua trees, very scarce. (A. Gouveia.) Holotype: B. P. B. Museum, No. 49227, paratypes, Academy of Natural Science, Phil., and Gouveia Collection, Nos. 338, 404—3-6-7-8 and 429. This form is provisionally placed as a variety of P. horneri although their habitats are widely separated. P. h. kapuana agrees with P. horneri in texture of the surface. It differs, however, in its narrower form, more rounded periphery and darker juvenile whorls. From P. confusa it differs in its smoother surface, more regularly coiled spire, and lighter and more distinct color pattern. [3] G53) ad{,OTOY oy St aInsy A9}UI. IL, ‘sudtuloads JUaTOYIP ad1t) SAMOS aed en 's VNVOd¥M YUVA (NIAGTIVE) INANYOH VNITOALYUVd "AN Od ‘TA “IO Stadegq [vuoisto0o9 wimnosnyy doysig ‘dq 9ofulog OCCASIONAL PAPERS ORE ELE a BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF : POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY Vor. VII, No. 7 WitH Pirate XVI HONOLULU, HAWAII BisHop MusEtumM Press 1920 OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY Nom. Vill NO. 7: Ware Prank Deval NEW SPECIES OF SIEROEA WITH EXPLANATORY NOTES BY Davip T. FuLLAWAY HONOLULU, HAWAII BisHop Musrtum PRrREss 1920 New Species of Sierola With Explanatory Notes By Davin T. FutLaAway. INTRODUCTION. The genus Sierola was established by Cameron in 1881,’ to receive a bethylid sent from the Hawatian Islands by the Rev. Thomas Blackburn. Only one species was originally included, which was later designated by Ashmead? as the type. Two addi- tional species were described by Cameron* from Blackburn’s collec- tions in 1886, and in 1901 Ashmead* described five more, from the collections made by Dr. R. C. L. Perkins under the auspices of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Royal Society of London and British Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1910 Perkins® described another, bringing the number of species from Hawaii to nine. Dr. Perkins,® in the Introduction to the Fauna Hawaiiensis, stated: ‘The species of Sierola are apparently somewhat variable and not always easily distinguished and | rather suspect that they were more numerously represented in my collections than is shown by Ashmead’s discrimination of them.’ After several years of study of examples of Sverola, lent me by different collectors in Hawaii, | am convinced that the suspicions entertained by Dr. Perkins were well grounded, for out of five hundred specimens examined I am able to distinguish one hundred and seventy-one distinct forms, which I am herewith describing as new species, or subspecies, providing a table for their separation from each other and from the only other species known to me, Sierola dichroma Perkins. I regret that I am unable to see the types of the species described by Cameron and Ashmead, for it is more than likely that some of their species are re-described by me. Their descriptions are inadequate, and could be applied to a number of distinct 1Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 556. SBuls 45, 0. ws. Ne ME. “p: 55. 3 P. Manch. Soc. XXV, p. 176-177; Mem. Manch. Soc. (3) X, 1886, p. 237-238. * Fauna Hawaiiensis I (3), p. 290-292. 5 Fauna Hawaiiensis II (6), p. 614. ®* Fauna Hawaiiensis I (6), p. XCIX. eal (57) 8 New Species of Sterola, With Explanatory Notes. on forms in the collections | have examined, while the named mate- rial in the Bishop Museum examined by myself and in the U. S. National Museum examined by Mr. Timberlake has in many instances several distinct forms under one name, and is useless for identifying any of the previously-described species. The characters which I have employed to distinguish species are obvious charac- ters but their use necessitates a very careful examination of the specimens in hand and fine discrimination. While I have seen many distinct male forms, I have not cared to describe any that cannot be associated with their females, for the two sexes are often strikingly different and confusion would be the inevitable result. Ultimately, I believe, many more species will be reared from their hosts, the larve of Lepidoptera, and the relation of male and female forms established. The multiplicity of forms will astonish some, but this condition is paralleled in many other genera of Hawaiian insects; in fact, a meagre and scattered representa- tion of the families and genera of insects existing on the conti- nents and the presence of many numerically large genera are the outstanding features of the Hawaiian fauna. In 1900 the genus was found to be represented in Australia as well as in Hawaii. Ashmead’ described in that year two species from New South Wales to which Turner,® in 1915, added a third from Southwest Australia. Representatives of the genus have also been found by Muir in Fiji and Southern China and are described herewith. The range of the genus, which was once thought to be confined to the Australian Region, appears likely to prove very wide. The types of the species herein described are deposited in the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum at Honolulu. *P. Linn. Soe. N. S. Wales, XXV, pp. 328-329. Proc. LO), Socs Lola pe (68: [ 4] to ty Go i t bw Wo NI COU OVO by bw bh i ty tv (o"e) Si Nw ty b& b New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. KEY TO THE KNOWN HAWAIIAN SPECIES OF SIEROLA. FEMALES. Head extended in front of the eyes, anterior margin angulate, sometimes with a cly- peal horn Clypeal process large Clypeal process spatulate Clypeal process decurved, dorsally convex, without carina Clypeal process horizontal, dorsally flat or elevate and carinate Clypeal process dorsally flat and carinate. Shining black Dull black, particularly on the head Clypeal process medially longitudinally ele- vate and carinate Clypeal process apically obtusely angulate, head considerably longer than wide Clypeal process apically acutely angulate, head only a little longer than wide Clypeal process not spatulate, either a semi- circular or transverse lamina or spicate Clypeal process a semicircular lamina Clypeal process not semicircular, either trans- verse or spicate Clypeal process transverse Clypeal process simple, not rostrate, head strongly protuberant beneath Clypeal process rostrate Head and thorax shining black Head and thorax dull black Clypeal process spicate Head smooth and polished, punctuation fine, longer behind, narrower between the eyes than var. hawatiensis Distinctly sculptured, punctuation coarse, wider between, shorter behind the eyes than Oahu form Clypeal process small Clypeal process spicate Body thick-set Body slender Body particolored Body entirely black — on — ho on NI (o,2) Wat. 13. T4. distincta armata nigrescens volcanica acuta magna kaucnsis notabilis sima Spicata Spicata subspecies hawatiensis nitida bella gracilis New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. Clypeal process not spicate, either spatulate or simple Clypeal process spatulate, distinctly contract- ed at the base Head considerably longer than wide Head as wide as long or nearly so Vertical margin of the head conspicuously concave Vertical emargination deep, head a_ little wider than long, expanded behind the eyes, clypeal process short Vertical emargination shallow, head a little longer than wide, clypeal process moder- ately long Vertical margin of the head straight or near- ly so Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes only slightly exceeding the length from eyes to vertex Head as wide as long, width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to vertex Head large, shining black Head small, brilliant black, length behind the eves not great Clypeus simple, without contraction at the base, either carinate or flat dorsally Clypeus without carina Body particolored Head almost smooth and shining Head coarsely sculptured and dull, opaque or nearly so Body entirely black Body thick-set, not slender or depressed Width between the eyes not much greater than the length from eye to vertex, tem- ples full Width between the eyes nearly twice the length from eye to vertex, temples rounded Body more or less slender or depressed, not thick-set Head much longer than wide Legs fuscous to black Legs luteous Head as wide as long or nearly so Slender, somewhat depressed, head without great depth, antenne short, propodeum smooth [6] ri 16. 1 to — to to curvignatha emarginata giffardi suttoniae mut rocki bicolor aristoteliace anthracina konana angustata levis brevicornis 79-74 80-81 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. Not noticeably depressed, head tumid_ be- neath, propodeum rugulose Head as wide as long, depth at least two- thirds the length, gula protuberant behind and divided into two lobes with a sulcus between, mandibles long and slender Head longer than wide, depth less than two- thirds the length, gula not protuberant, mandibles stout, bent in the middle, dis- tal portion twisted and flattened Clypeus carinate Large forms, 3 mms. or more in length Head considerably longer than wide Long, slender forms, body a little depressed Width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to vertex, head tumid beneath Width between the eyes equalling the length from eye to vertex, head convex beneath Thick-set forms, the body not depressed Shining black Legs fuscous to black, mandibles concavo- convex, wings with faint yellowish-brown pigmentation Legs yellowish-brown, mandibles bent at the middle, distal portion flattened, wings hyaline Dull black Head not much, if any, longer than wide Head a little longer than wide Body somewhat depressed, mandibles abnor- mally large Body thick-set, mandibles normal Shining black Antenne no longer than the head, width be- tween the eyes equalling length from eye to vertex Antenne longer than the head, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex Antennal segments considerably longer than wide, punctuation of the head coarse and irregular, propodeum coarsely rugulose Antennal segments only a little longer than wide, punctuation of the head finer and more regular than in compacta, propo- deum with a fine surface sculpture Dull black Wings with a fuscous pigmentation eal 30. 31. 38. 39. montana peleana kaala usitata carinata koa pilosa megalognatha tantalea compacta osborni fuscipennis 61 87-88 88-87 89-60 90-97 91-94 92-93 93-92 94-91 95-96 96-95 97-99 98-211 99-100 100-99 TOI-100 102-103 103-102 104-105 105-104 106-101 107-108 108-107 109-126 TIO-ITI IMEI 016) [12-115 I13-114 TI4-113 New Species of Sterola, With Explanatory Notes. Wings without pigmentation, or if pigment- ed, the pigmentation not fuscous Wings hyaline Wings with a yellowish brown pigmentation, gula strongly protuberant Head as wide as or wider than long Pin punctures on the head very fine Punctuation of the head more or less coarse Head dull black, opaque Head more shining Smaller forms, less than 3 mms. in length Slender forms Length of the head twice the width Head with a rather coarse surface sculpture Head smooth, glabrous Length of the head less than twice the width Punctuation of the head rather coarse, legs and antenne fuscous brown Punctuation of the head fine, legs and anten- ne flavous Forms not remarkably slender Head longer than wide Yellowish-brown in color, often infuscate Not so, particolored or black Particolored, yellowish brown and black Thorax and abdomen yellowish brown to fuscous, head black Thorax as well as the head brown, then not entirely so Thorax and head black, posterior margin of the abdominal segments only yellowish brown Head and most of the thorax black, pro- thorax and abdomen partially yellowish brown Body entirely black Wings with a fuscous pigmentation Not so Wings with yellowish brown pigmentation black, or if Depressed, without great thickness dorso- ventrally Not depressed, dorso-ventrally thick Shining black, somewhat brilliant Legs and antenne flavous, width between the eyes one and one-half times the length from eye to vertex, punctuation of the head fine Legs and antennz fuscous, width between the eyes and length from eye to vertex equal, punctuation of the head coarse [8] 49. on on 50. longicaudata laticeps localis obscura levigata tenuis depressella glabra flavicornis timberlaket pulchra pubescens semunigra fuscipes flavipennis lepida ca llida TI5-112 116-123 117-118 118-117 T1Q-120 120-119 121-122 122-121 123-116 124-125 125-124 120-109 127-152 128-131 129-130 130-129 131-128 132-133 133-132 134-141 135-136 136-135 137-140 138-139 139-138 140-137 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Duller species, without brilliancy Faintly shining but not opaque Antenne considerably longer than the head, length of the segments throughout more than twice the width Antenne not much longer than the head, length of the segments scarcely exceeding the width Mandibles slender, hairy clothing conspicuous Mandibles stout, hairy clothing inconspicuous Head considerably longer than wide, legs fuscous Head not much longer than wide, legs dark brown Opaque, or nearly so Punctuation of the head extremely fine and inconspicuous, head almost impunctate Punctuation of the head fairly coarse and distinct Wings hyaline, subinfuscate, or with only a faint yellowish brown pigmentation Shining black, rather brilliant Piceous, not deep black Somewhat depressed and flat, head only a little longer than wide, mandibles a little slender, wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation Not depressed, length of the head nearly twice the width, mandibles stout, apical half flattened, wings hyaline Deep black Mandibles abnormally large, bent near the base, where they are slender, distal por- tion rather stout, twisted and flattened Not so Mandibles slender Length of the head nearly twice the width Length of the head not more than one and one-half times the width Head smooth and glabrous, mandibles black, legs yellowish brown to fuscous, propo- deum smooth Head narrowing behind the eyes, antennze reaching the mesoscutum Sides of the head parallel or nearly so, an- tenne only a little longer than the head Head rough and hairy, mandibles, legs and base of antenne light yellowish brown, propodeum rugose [9] 57: 63. Cn un 67. 68 Notes. 63 longicornis scoriacea gracillima brunnetpes arida punctata brunnea picea streblognatha opaeula mandibularis minuta hirsuta 64 141-134 142-143 143-142 144-145 145-144 146-147 147-140 148-149 149-148 150-151 I51-150 152-127 153-200 154-187 155-150 156-155 157-164 158-150 159-158 160-161 161-160 162-163 163-162 164-157 165-174 166-169 1607-168 168-167 169-166 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. Mandibles stout Antennz longer than the head, segments of the flagellum longer than wide Antenne scarcely longer than the head, seg- ments of the flagellum mostly as wide as or wider than long First two segments of the funicle a little lon- ger than wide Segments of the flagellum throughout as wide as or wider than long Base of the mandibles not quite reaching the eye Base of the mandibles touching the eye Abdomen somewhat tumid beneath Not so Punctuation of the head close and somewhat coarse Punctuation of the head fine, irregular, rather remote Dull black, not at all brilliant Dull black, only faintly shining but not opaque Mandibles slender Length of the head twice the width or nearly so Length of the head not nearly twice the width Head longer than wide by a half Width between the eyes no more than the length from eye to vertex, mandibles mostly brown, abdomen elongate ovate, antenne not much longer than the head Width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex Antenne reaching the scutellum, abdomen short ovate, mandibles flattened distally Antenne shorter, not reaching the scutellum Sculpture and punctuation of the head fine Sculpture and punctuation of the head coarse Head only a little longer than wide Width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to vertex Mandibles mostly yellowish or reddish brown Sculpture and punctuation of the head and thorax extremely fine Sculpture and punctuation of the head and thorax fairly coarse Mandibles mostly black [ 10 | NI ps] 81. striata agens pygimaea tumidoventris koolauensts koebelet longiceps rugulosa brevicauda kilauea olympiana tenebriosa capuana 170-173 178-175 179-184 180-181 181-180 182-183 183-182 184-179 185-186 186-185 187-154 188-193 189-190 190-189 IQI-192 192-191 193-188 104-195 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. Antennal segments throughout longer than wide, base of the mandibles not quite reaching the eye Legs light yellowish brown, wings hyaline, hairy clothing short and inconspicuous Legs fusco-testaceous, wings with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation, — hairy clothing long and thick Antennal segments beyond the pedicel scarce- ly longer than wide, base of the mandibles touching the eye Width between the eyes only a little more than the length from eye to vertex Mandibles mostly reddish or yellowish brown Antenne reaching the scutellum, mandibles abnormally large, propodeum coarsely rugulose Antennz only a little longer than the head, mandibles normal, propodeum not coarse- ly rugulose Mandibles mostly black Antennal segments longer than wide Wings nearly hyaline, mandibles brown basally Wings faintly but evidently pigmented Legs yellowish brown, wings with decided yellowish brown pigmentation Legs fuscous to black, wings with fuscous pigmentation Antennal segments as wide as long Abdomen long and slender, wings with fus- cous pigmentation, punctuation and hairy clothing of the head conspicuous, punc- tuation coarse. mandibles stout Abdomen short and stout, wings hyaline, punctuation and hairy clothing of the head finer and inconspicuous, mandibles rather slender Mandibles stout Head considerably longer than wide Mandibles mostly yellowish brown Mandibles mostly black Legs and antenne yellowish brown, punctua- tion close, fine and shallow, hairy clothing short and delicate reddish Legs and antenne infuscate, not entirely yel- lowish brown Head only a little longer than wide Mandibles mostly reddish brown ) x (oe) or Qo. gl. 93. 04. 83. 05 megalops vestita Maulensis rufignatha lugens swesey 1 eucrena ehrhorni kaduana gracilariae tcita cryptophlebiae polita lanihuliana 66 195-194 190-197 197-196 198-199 199-198 200-153 201-210 202-205 203-204 204-203 205-202 206-207 207-206 208-209 209-208 210-201 211-98 212-243 213-230 214-215 215-214 216-217 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Mandibles mostly black Antenne not reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments beyond the pedicel as wide as or wider than long Antenne reaching the mesoscutum, segments of the flagellum with the exception of the third longer than wide Sculpture and punctuation of the head fine Sculpture and punctuation of the head coarse Dull black and opaque, not at all shining Mandibles slender Legs luteous Hairy clothing long and thick, punctuation very close, propodeum rugulose, flat dor- sally Hairy clothing inconspicuous, punctuation rather remote, propodeum rugose, convex Legs brown Mandibles reddish brown except at the base, where they are black Mandibles black except at the apex, where they are reddish Head longer than wide by a half, base of the mandibles touching the eye, wings with yellowish brown pigmentation Head only a little longer than wide, narrow- ing behind, base of mandibles not reach- ing the eye, wings subinfuscate Mandibles stout, hairy clothing of stiff white hairs, wings with a faint fuscous pigmen- tation Head as wide as long Shining, rather brilliant black or brown Mandibles slender Yellowish to fuscous brown throughout Body particolored or black Body particolored, black except the prothor- ax, which is yellowish brown Body entirely black Antenne reaching the mesoscutum or beyond Median line of the gula with deep sulcus posteriorly Not so Legs and antenne fuscous Not so Legs and mandibles, except at base, and an- tennz basally, croceous, head finely punc- tate, very tumid beneath, the depth under eye equalling length from eye to vertex [ 12 ] 99. 10Oo. I0ol. 102. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. Notes. nigrita hillebrandi affinis opogonae luteipes pilifera sericea robusta setosa batrachedrae similarts fossulata fusca croceipes 224-223 225-218 226-227 227-2260 228-229 229-228 230-213 231-232 232-231 233-234 234-233 235-238 236-237 237-236 238-235 239-240 240-239 241-242 242-241 243-212 244-263 245-252 246-247 247-246 248-249 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 67 Legs and antenne basally yellowish brown, mandibles black, head coarsely punctate, tumidity beneath less pronounced Antenne not much longer than the head Legs and antenne luteous to yellowish brown, mandibles reddish brown, wings hyaline Legs and antenne brown to fuscous, wings with a faint pigmentation Wings with a faint fuscous pigmentation Wings with a faint yellowish brown pigmen- tation Mandibles stout Body particolored, prothorax, mesoscutum and abdomen yellowish brown Body entirely black Gula divided into two lobes posteriorly by a deep median sulcus Not so Mandibles reddish or yellowish brown Punctuation of the head fine and close, width between the eyes one and one-half times the length from eye to vertex, a little tumid beneath, antenne nearly reaching the scutellum Punctuation of the head rather coarse and remote, width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex, convex be- neath, antenne reaching mesoscutum Mandibles black; if red, then only at the apex Antenne only a little longer than the head, all the segments beyond the pedicel as wide as or wider than long Antenne reaching the mesoscutum, segments throughout twice as long as wide Width between the eyes one and one-half times the length from eye to vertex, propodeum coarsely rugulose, wings sub- infuscate Width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex, propodeum finely ru- gulose, wings with a yellowish brown pigmentation Dull black, not at all brilliant Mandibles slender Legs mostly fuscous Head with lateral margins parallel, not con- verging behind the eyes Head narrowing behind the eyes Antenne yellowish brown basally [ 13 ] 112. Teli 118. 110. puuwaawaa minuscula anemophila brunneipennis mandibulata tuberculata nigra manoa lata fuliginosa vulcana nigrans olinda 262-261 263-244 264-269 205-266 266-265 267-268 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. Antenne fuscous Width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex Width between the eyes considerably less than twice the length from eye to vertex Legs wholly or partly luteous or yellowish brown Mandibles yellowish brown outwardly Propodeum delicately sculptured, almost smooth Propodeum rugulose Mandibles black Legs luteous or flavous Head smooth, rather remotely punctate, gula as long as wide, abdomen short, wings hyaline Head rough, rather closely punctate, gula wider than long, abdomen long, wings with a yellowish brown pigmentation Legs yellowish brown Antenne reaching the scutellum Antenne not reaching beyond the mesoscu- tum Mandibles stout Mandibles luteous except at the base Punctuation of the head remote Punctuation of the head close Legs luteous Legs yellowish brown to fuscous Mandibles black Legs yellowish brown Antennal segments beyond the pedicel scarce- ly longer than wide Antennal segments beyond the pedicel con- siderably longer than wide Punctuation of the head ccarse and a little remote, propodeum delicately sculptured Punctuation of the head fine and rather close, propodeum finely rugulose Legs fuscous Width between the eyes twice the length from the eye to the vertex Punctuation of the head a little coarse and somewhat remote, hairy clothing short and inconspicuous Punctuation of the head rather fine and close, hairy clothing long and delicate Width between the eyes less than twice the length from eye to vertex Head with the lateral margins parallel, not converging behind the eyes [14] 124. _ to ON 139. 140. indecora nubila epagogeana abusa similis flavipes amica quadriceps williamst kaalensis imuparata pembertont lacessita cons picua adumbrata illingworthi nemorensts 281-280 282-283 283-282 284-1 285-290 286-287 287-286 288-289 289-288 290-285 291-208 292-293 203-292 204-295 295-204 296-297 207-206 208-291 299-304 300-301 301-300 302-303 303-302 304-209 305-320 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 69 Head narrowing behind the eyes Punctuation of the head extremely fine, hairy clothing long and delicate, segments of the antenne as wide as long Punctuation of the head rather coarse, hairy clothing short and inconspicuous, seg- ments of the antenne considerably lon- ger than wide Head not extended in front of the eyes, an- terior margin transverse Large species, over 3 mms. in length Thick-set, head longer than wide, clypeus nearly flat, wings with yellowish brown pigmentation Not so Width between the eyes more than twice the length from eye to vertex, segments of the antenne throughout considerably longer than wide Width between the eyes less than twice the length from eye to vertex, segments of the antenne beyond the first funicle seg- ment as wide as or wider than long Smaller species, 3 mms. in length or less Species more or less flattened, without great thickness dorso-ventrally Depressed to an extreme degree, mandibles black Less strongly depressed, mandibles brown or flavous Head longer than wide by a half Head not much longer than wide Legs, antenne and mandibles flavous Legs, antenne and mandibles fuscous to black Species not dorso-ventrally flattened Slender species Thickly clothed with hair, mandibles black Hairy clothing short and _ inconspicuous, mandibles yellowish or reddish brown Head longer than wide by more than a half, mandibles reddish brown, the base not reaching the eye, gula longer than wide, propodeum rugulose Head longer than wide by less than a half, mandibles yellowish brown, the _ base touching the eye, gula no longer than wide, propodeum delicately sculptured Species not remarkably slender Brilliant, not at all dull [15 ] 141. 142. 143. ISI. vetusta kalthiensis aucta breviceps bridwelli depressa philodoriae planiceps holomelaena hirticeps tenuiceps nitens 70 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 306-309 Body particolored 307-308 Abdomen yellowish brown to piceous, head and thorax remotely punctate, width be- tween the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex, antenne reaching mesoscutum, mandibles slender, upper an- gle of the base touching the eye, wings with deep yellowish brown pigmentation 153. kaumuohona 308-307. Only the apical margin of abdominal seg- ments brown, punctuation of head and thorax close, width between the eyes equalling the length from eye to vertex, antenne no longer than the head, man- dibles stout, base not reaching the eye, wings with a faint yellowish brown pig- mentation 154. brunnetventris 309-3060 Body entirely black 310-313 Head longer than wide by a half 311-312 Mandibles as well as the abdomen short, wings with a faint fuscous pigmentation 155. blackburn 312-311 Mandibles as well as the abdomen rather long, wings hyaline 156. celeris 313-310 Head not much longer than wide 314-317. Antennal flagellum mostly fuscous 315-316 Head narrowing behind the eyes, tumid be- neath, segments of the antenne through- out longer than wide, mandibles slender, gula and sides of the head flat, wings with a faint yellowish brown pigmenta- tion 157. perkinsi 316-315 Head with the lateral margins parallel, not converging behind, convex beneath, seg- ments of the antenne beyond first funicle segment as wide as or wider than long, mandibles stout, gula and sides of the head a little convex, wings faintly fus- cous 158. perottetiae 317-314 Antennal flagellum mostly yellowish brown 318-319 Legs somewhat infuscate, first funicle seg- ment longer than wide, mandibles touch- ing the eye at the base 159. humalis 319-318 Legs entirely brown, first funicle segment as wide as long, base of the mandibles not reaching the eye 160. proxima 320-305 Dull shining or opaque, not at all brilliant 321-338 Dull, only faintly shining but not opaque 322-323 Body particolored, mostly brown dichroma P. 323-322 Body entirely black 324-329 Mandibles stout [ 16] 325-326 326-325 327-328 328-327 320-324 330-331 331-330 332-335 333-334 334-333 335-332 336-337 338-321 339-340 340-339 341-342 342-341 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Head widest across the eyes, narrowing be- hind and in front, segments of the anten- ne throughout longer than wide Head with the lateral margins parallel, not converging behind the eyes, segments of the antenne not longer than wide throughout Head longer than wide by a half, punctua- tion coarse, hairy Head only a little longer than wide, punctua- tion fine, hairy clothing inconspicuous Mandibles slender Head as wide as long Head longer than wide Head widest across the eyes, narrowing be- hind and in front Head considerably longer than wide, vertical margin straight, mandible touching the eye at the base, abdomen ovate Head only a little longer than wide, vertical margin slightly convex, base of the man- dible not reaching the eye, abdomen short ovate, apically acuminate Head with the lateral margins parallel, not converging behind the eyes Mandibles marked with red, nearly but not quite reaching the eye at the base, me- dian groove of the gula nearly effaced, propodeum rugulose Mandibles black, touching the eye at the base, gula with a shallow depression along the median line, propodeum deli- cately sculptured Opaque, not at all shining Head longer than wide by a half, clothed with long silvery hairs Head as wide as long or nearly so, hairy clothing short and inconspicuous Head a little longer than wide, only the pedi- cel and first three funicle segments of antenne longer than wide, mandibles slender, wings with fuscous pigmentation Head as wide as fong, narrowing behind the eyes, width between the eyes nearly twice the length from eye to vertex, an- tennal segments throughout considerably longer than wide, mandibles stout, wings with a yellowish brown pigmentation e771] 161. 166. 167. 168. 160. 170. TGA Notes. 71! langfordi aspera atra newelli waianaeana distinguenda rufomandibulata curtosa subcrispa nuda willardi 72 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HAWAIIAN SPECIES. 1. Sierola distincta n.sp. Plate XVI, Figure 1. 9 brilliant black, with the exception of the propodeum, which is dull; legs and antenne yellowish brown, the latter fuscous outwardly. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture and a few scattered setiferous punctures. Head con- siderably longer than wide, widest across the eyes, width between the eyes scarcely more than the length from the eye to the vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, flat beneath, the greatest depth considerably behind the eyes, the gula considerably longer than the occiput; vertical margin slightly concave, temples rounded, eyes convex, antenne long, reaching the scutellum, all the segments more than twice as long as wide, antennal fossz deep; clypeal process a spatulate decurved beak, convex above; mandibles large, bent near the middle, the distal portion stout, concavo-convex, obliquely truncate apically and toothed, base not nearly reaching the eye, cheeks moderately long; gula and sides of the head flat, the former as wide as long, with distinct median furrow, anterior margin arcuately concave, pos- terior margin incised; propodeum rugose, with an acute triangular area at its base smooth: abdomen elongate ovate, smooth; wings subinfuscate, nearly hyaline; length 3 mms. 6 with yellowish brown mandibles; smaller than the 9, head shorter, antenne more slender, cheeks shorter, abdomen blunt at apex. Described from twenty females and eleven males (type, allotype and paratypes). ‘Type, allotype, and one @ paratype Opaeula, Oahu, collected by O. H. Swezey, March 30, 1913. Paratypes: 1 2 Hauula, Swezey, August 15, 1914; I 92 Tantalus (1300 ft.), Giffard October 15, 1905; 5 @ Tantalus (1500 ft.), Giffard, August 27 and December 22, 1918; 1 2 Tantalus, Fulla- way March 20, 1900; 1 @ Tantalus (2000 ft.), Kotinsky: 1 9 Nunanu, Ful- laway September 4, 1916; 1 2 Kuliouou, Timberlake June 25, 1916; 1 @ Manoa Cliffs on Campylotheca, Timberlake September 1, 1918; 1 9 Palolo Crater, Timberlake September 8, 1918; 19S. E. Koolau Mts., Bridwell June, 1918; Oanu: 2 2 Kilauea (4000 ft.), Giffard October 15 and January 19, 1916, I @ Kilauea (4000 ft.), Giffard and Muir, January 13, 1917; 1 2 29 miles Olaa, Fullaway, November 19, 1913; Hawai: 1 ¢ Tantalus (1500 ft.), Giffard December 22, 1915; 2 6 Nuuanu, Fullaway, August 20, 1916, and April I, 1917; 1 6 Manoa, Fullaway, July 29, 1917; 2 6 Olympus Mt., Tim- berlake September 8, 1918; 3 ¢ Palolo Crater on Straussia kaduana, Tim- berlake September 29, 1918; 1 ¢ Palolo Crater on Pelea clusiaefolia, Tim- berlake September 28, 1918; Oanu. A variable species. Some of the Hawaii specimens are not quite typical. Type: Cat. No. 1, Bishop Museum. 2. Sierola armata n.sp. 2 shining black but not brilliant, antennz and legs yellowish brown to fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine, reticu- [ 18 ] 3ernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers Volume VII, Plate XVI. NEW SPECIES OF SIEKROLA. Fig. 1. Siercla distincta 9 dorsal aspect with wings spread to display venation. Fig. 2. kauensis 9 head, lateral aspect. Fig. 3. S. spicata 9 outline of the head, dor- sal aspect. Fig. 4. S emarginata 9 outline of the head, dorsal aspect. Fig. 5. S. levis © dorsal aspect of body. Fig. 6. S. pilosa Q outline of the head, dorsal aspect. Fig. 7. S. aucta 9 outline of the head, dorsal aspect. Fig. 8. S. depressa 9 outline of the head. a, dorsal; b, lateral aspect. (All greatly magnified.) 2 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 73 late surface sculpture, only fairly closely and finely punctate and clothed with short and delicate hairs. Head considerably longer than wide, widest at the vertex, narrowing in front, flatly convex above, a little tumid beneath, great- est depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin straight, tem- ples rounded, eyes flatly convex, antennz a little longer than the head, pedicel twice as long as wide, funicle narrower and not quite so long, following seg- ments a little longer than wide, almost moniliform, antennal fosse deep; clypeal process a spatulate beak horizontally extended, flat above and finely carinate; mandibles slender, bent near the middle, the distal portion flattened, obliquely truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye, cheeks moderately long; gula and sides of the head slightly convex, the former as wide as long, anterior and posterior margins incised, median groove evident but very fine; propodeum rugose; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and pol- ished; wings subinfuscate; length 3 mms. @ with the mandibles, legs and antenne basally luteous, considerably smaller than the @, head shorter and widest across the eyes, antenne more slender, clypeal process smaller, cheeks shorter, abdomen blunt at the apex. Described from seven females and four males (type, allotype, and para- types). Type collected on Kaala Mt., Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, September 7, 1913; one 2 and two ¢,allotype and paratypes, at Nuuanu Pali, Oahu, by Fullaway, April 1, 1917. Paratypes: 4 9 and 1 g Kaumuohona, Oahu, Tim- berlake September 9, 1917; I 2 and 1 ¢ Tantalus, Oahu, Giffard, August 27 and December 22, 1918. Type: Cat. No. 2, Bishop Museum. 3. Stierola nigrescens n.sp. @ moderately slender, head and thorax dull black, abdomen brilliant, legs, antenne and mandibles fuscous. Head and thorax with a very fine, reticulate surface sculpture, finely and only fairly closely punctate, hairy clothing short but rather thick beneath. Head a little longer than wide, widest at the posterior end of the eyes, nar- rowing slightly behind and in front, width between the eyes a little more than the length from the eye to the vertex, flatly convex above, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth behind the eyes; vertical margin straight, tem- ples rounded, eyes flatly convex, antenne reaching the mesoscutum, segments of the flagellum all longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep, clypeal process a spatulate beak horizontally extended, flat above and finely carinate; mandibles bent near the middle, the distal portion flat- tened, truncate and blunt toothed on apical margin, the base not reaching the eye; cheeks narrow; gula and sides of the head flat, the former as wide as long, anterior margin semicircularly concave, posterior margin incised; abdo- men smooth, elongate and a little depressed; wings subinfuscate; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, in the dry forest, 4000 ft. elev., by W. M. Giffard, July 6, ro18. Type: Cat. No. 3, Bishop Museum. [ 19 ] 74 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 4. Sierola volcanica n.sp. @ shining black, antenne basally, trochanters, tibiae and tarsi brown to fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine surface sculpture, finely and only fairly closely punctate and hairy. Head wider than the thorax, considerably longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth behind the eyes; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the seg- ments of the flagellum longer than wide, the pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fossze deep; clypeal process spatulate, horizontally extended, me- dially longitudinally elevate and carinate but apically not greatly exceeding anterior margin of the head; mandibles abnormally large, bent at the mid- dle, distal portion flattened, obliquely truncate and toothed apically, base not reaching the eye; cheeks moderately wide; gula and sides of the head flat, the former as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 3 mms. Described from four females (type and paratypes) collected in Kau,-. Hawai, on the a-a flows, 3600-4000 ft. elev., by W. M. Giffard, July 13-27, TOI8. Type: Cat. No. 4, Bishop Museum. 5. Sierola acuta n.sp. @ shining black but not brilliant, antenne basally, trochanters, tibfe and tarsi brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine, reticu- late surface sculpture, finely, shallowly, closely and distinctly punctate and hairy. Head wider than the thorax, longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex, convex above, rather flat beneath, depth moderate and greatest directly behind the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded; eyes flatly convex; antenne a little longer than the head, segments of the flagellum scarcely longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep: clypeal process spatulate, angu- late in front, horizontally extended, exceeding the anterior margin of the head by half its length, medially longitudinally elevate and carinate; mandi- bles moderately large and stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye; cheeks rather narrow; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former wider than long, anterior margin arcuately, posterior margin semicircularly concave; propodeum rugulose, with a triangular area at its base smooth and shining; abdomen short oyate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline: length 2.25 mms. Described from three females (type and paratypes). Type, Honolulu, Oahu, collected by P. H. Timberlake on window of H. S. P. A. Exp. Sta. building July 18, 1916. Paratypes collected by O. H. Swezey behind leaf- sheath of cane on the grounds of the H. S. P. A. Exp. Sta. March 27, 1908. Type: Cat. No. 5, Bishop Museum. [ 20 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 7 Ct 6. Sierola magna n.sp. @ brilliant black, the legs and antennze brown to fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, finely but only fairly closely punctate and hairy. Head wider than the thorax, longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex, convex above, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth behind the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; an- tennz scarcely longer than the head, segments of the flagellum no longer than wide, except the pedicel and first three funicle segments, which are a little longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeal process a broad, flat, semi- circular lamina, horizontally extended from the anterior margin of the head and strongly longitudinally carinate; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, obliquely truncate and toothed apically, the base touching the eye above; eula convex, as wide as long, median groove nearly effaced; anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely aciculate; abdo- men elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 3.25 mms. Described from one female (type), collected in Niu Valley, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, December 11, IgIo. Type: Cat. No. 6, Bishop Museum. 7. Sierola kauensis n.sp. Plate XVI, Figure 2. @ shining black, legs and antennz brown to fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine surface sculpture, rather coarsely, shallowly and closely punctate and hairy. Head wider than the thorax, widest across the eyes, scarcely longer than wide, the length behind the eyes not great and the width decreasing slightly; convex above, tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes con- vex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, segments of the flagellum a little longer than wide, pedicel about twice as long as wide, antennal fossze deep; clypeus hardly forming a beak; short, decurved, transverse, the anterior margin angulate, apex not greatly exceeding anterior margin of the head, medially longitudinally elevate and carinate; mandibles large, curved, concavo- convex, truncate and toothed apically, the base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, strongly protuberant behind, and divided into two lobes by a rather deep median sulcus, posterior margin deeply incised, anterior margin almost straight; propodeum rugulose: abdomen moderately long ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kahuku, Kau, Hawaii, 2000 ft. elev., by W. M. Giffard, July 27, 1918. Type: Cat. No. 7, Bishop Museum. 8. Sicrola notabilis n.sp. 2? shining black, head and thorax a little dull, legs, basal segments of antenne and mandibles partly yellowish brown. Body rather flat, head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopi- [ 21 ] 76 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. cally fine, reticulate surface sculpture, coarsely, fairly regularly but not closely punctate. Head longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex, convex above, tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne longer than the head, seg- ments of the flagellum beyond the first funicle moniliform, pedicel and first funicle segment twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeal process a flat, transverse lamina, horizontally extended from the anterior margin of the head and longitudinally elevate and carinate; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concavo-convex, obliquely truncate and toothed apically, base touch- ing the eye above; gula convex, medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugu- lose; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3.25 mms. Described from three females (type and paratypes) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, 4000 it. elev., by W. M. Giffard. Type marked “No. 7,” captured June 7, 1908. Paratypes marked “No. 4,” taken in the dry forest, January Ie, LOL7: Type: Cat. No. 8 Bishop Museum. 9g. Sierola sima n.sp. @ black, head and thorax dull, abdomen shining, legs and antennz brown to fuscous. Head and thorax with a pronounced microscopic surface sculpture, scattered pin punctures and fine hairy clothing. Head wider than the thorax and longer than wide, width between the eyes more than the length from the eye to the vertex, convex above, a little tumid beneath, deepest directly behind the eyes; vertical margin slightly concave, temples rounded, eyes con- vex; antenne longer than the head, segments of the flagellum beyond the second funicle moniliform, pedicel and first two funicle segments twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeal process a flat transverse lamina, horizontally extended from the anterior margin of the head and medially ele- vate and carinate; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concavo-convex, obliquely truncate and toothed apically, the base touching the eye above; gula convex, medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior and posterior margins in- cised; propodeum rugulose; abdomen short ovate; wings subinfuscate; length 2.5 mms. ; Described from two females (type and paratype) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, 4000 ft. elev.. by W. M. Giffard. Type taken at the lumber camp, July 19, 1918. Paratype marked “Box 4,” and captured in May, toto. Type: Cat. No. 9, Bishop Museum. 10. Sverola spicata n.sp. Plate XVI, Figure 3. @ with the head and thorax depressed and flat; shining black, the legs beyond the femora and the base of the antennze brown. Smooth and polished, the pronotum and propodeum with a more evident sculpture, and a little dull; finely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate and hairy. Head wider than the thorax, as wide as long, widest at the vertex and [ 22 ] New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 77 narrowing in front, width between the eyes scarcely more than the length from eye to vertex; vertical margin strongly concave, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne a little longer than the head, segments of the flagel- lum scarcely longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fossz deep; clypeal process a spicate beak, horizontally extended from the anterior margin of the head, dorsally subcarinate, the surface smooth and flat, apex depressed; mandibles moderately large, curved, concavo-convex, truncate and toothed apically, base not reaching the eye; cheeks moderately wide; gula flat, medially very much foreshortened, anterior margin semicircularly con- cave, posterior margin deeply incised, median furrow nearly effaced; propo- deum rugulose, a triangular area at the base smooth; abdomen short ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate with a faint yellowish brown pig- mentation; length 3 mms. é with the legs and antenne basally yellowish brown, mandibles luteous, except at the base; head a little shorter, the sides parallel; clypeal process not spicate, and extending little beyond the anterior margin of the head; antenne more slender; wings without pigmentation; abdomen bluntly point- ed at the apex. Described from one female and one male (type and allotype), collected on Straussia kaduana, on Lanihuli Ridge, Oahu, 1500 ft. elevation, by P. H. Timberlake, September 3, 1916. Type: Cat. No. 10, Bishop Museum. 11. Sierola spicata subspecies hawatiensis new subspecies. @ variable but generally wider between, shorter behind the eyes, with the surface sculpture more distinct and the punctuation of the head coarser than in the Oahu form. Described from seven females (type and paratypes). Type collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, 4000 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, July 6, 1918. Para- types from Puuwaawaa, N. Kona, Hawaii, 3709-3800 ft. elev., Giffard, August, IQI7. Type: Cat. No. 11, Bishop Museum. 12. Sierola nitida n.sp. @ brilliant black, antenne, tibiz, and tarsi brown to fuscous. Head and thorax with a delicate surface sculpture, uniformly closely and distinctly punctate and hairy. Head almost as wide as long, widest directly behind the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes a little more than the distance from the eye to the vertical margin; flat above, somewhat tumid beneath, deepest behind the eyes but without great depth; vertical margin slightly concave, temples rounded, eyes flat; antenne scarcely longer than the head, all the segments beyond the pedicel as wide as or wider than long, the pedicel a little longer than wide, antennal fossz fairly deep: clypeal process short and stout, bluntly spicate, convex above, extending little beyond the anterior margin of the head; mandibles long, slender, curved and toothed apically, base not quite reaching the eye; cheeks very narrow; gula and sides of the head flat, the former foreshortened, as wide as long: propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 3 mms. 258 78 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. Described from one female (type), collected on Tantalus Mt., Oahu, 1500 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, August 27, 1918. Type: Cat. No. 12, Bishop Museum. 13. Szerola bella n.sp. @ slender, shining black, antenne basally, pronotum and prosternum, ex- cept at the sides, and the legs yellowish brown, mandibles reddish apically. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine surface sculpture, fairly closely, finely and shallowly punctate and hairy. Head as wide as long, width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to vertex, con- vex above, tumid beneath: vertical margin deeply concave, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennz a little longer than the head, segments of the flagellum scarcely longer than wide, pedicel a little longer, antennal fosse deep; clypeal process short and somewhat spicate; mandibles short, not very stout, curved, truncate and toothed apically, base not reaching the eye; cheeks moderately wide; gula flat, wider than long, divided into two lobes posteriorly by a short sulcus, median furrow nearly effaced, anterior margin arcuately con- cave, posterior margin deeply incised, sides of the head slightly convex; propodeum finely aciculate; abdomen elongate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type), collected in Palolo Crater, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, September 8, 1918. Type: Cat. No. 13, Bishop Museum. 14. Sierola gracilis u.sp. @ slender, shining black, antennz basally and the legs yellowish brown, antennz apically and the femora outwardly infuscate, mandibles reddish brown medially and at the tips. Head and thorax with a fine, reticulate surface sculpture, fairly closely, finely and shallowly punctate and hairy. Head considerably longer than wide, width between the eyes not much greater than the distance from the eye to the vertex ; convex above and somewhat tumid beneath, deepest directly behind the eye; vertical margin very slightly concave, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennz reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fossze deep; clypeus bluntly pointed, flat on top, apically depressed, extended a little beyond the anterior margin of the head; man- dibles abruptly bent at the middle, rather slender basally, flattened and much wider distally, the apical margin obliquely truncate and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye: cheeks narrow; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, median furrow very fine, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen elongate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Kaumuohona Ridge. Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, January 7, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 14, Bishop Museum. [ 24 ] New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 79 15. Sierola curvignatha n.sp. @ dull black, antenne basally, trochanters, fore-legs distally from the femora, middle and hind tibiz at base and apex and tarsi entirely brown. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine surface sculpture, rather closely, finely and shallowly punctate and hairy. Head considerably longer than wide, width between the eyes about equal to the length from the eye to the vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the great- est depth behind the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flat; antennz reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments of the flagellum lon- ger than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide and funicle nearly so; clypeus spatulate, very little extended beyond the anterior margin of the head, con- vex apically, contracted basally by the inward extension of the antennal fosse; mandibles large, bent in the middle, distal portion flattened, apical margin oblique and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; cheeks narrow; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened but longer than wide, median furrow very fine, anterior margin arcuately, posterior margin semicircularly concave; propodeum finely rugulose; abdo- men short ovate, smooth and polished: wings subinfuscate; length 2.5 mms, Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, at the lumber camp, 4000 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, July 4, 1018. Type: Cat. No. 15, Bishop Museum. 16. Sierola emarginata n.sp. Plate XVI, Figure 4. @ shining black, legs and antennz brown to fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine surface sculpture, some scattered small shallow punctures on the mesonotum, the head a little more closely punctate and clothed with short, fine, whitish hairs. Head as wide as long, widest at the vertex, narrowing in front, width be- tween the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth behind the eye; vertical margin deeply concave, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennz lon- ger than the head, segments of the flagellum scarcely longer than wide, pedi- cel longer by a half; clypeal process a small, decurved, spatulate beak, con- vex above, very little extended beyond the anterior margin of the head; man- dibles not very stout, bent at the middle, truncate and toothed apically, base not reaching the eye; cheeks fairly wide; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised: propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen elon- gate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type), collected on Hawaii by Albert Koe- bele. Date of capture not given. Type: Cat. No. 16, Bishop Museum. 17. Sierola gitfardi n.sp. ? shining black, the legs yellowish brown, infuscate to the apex of the femora, antennze yellowish brown, fuscous outwardly, mandibles brown, fus- cous basally. | 2 | un So New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, extremely finely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate, hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head nearly as wide as long, widest at the vertex, narrowing slightly in front, width between the eyes a little more than the length from the eye to the vertex; convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth behind the eyes; vertical margin concave, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments of the flagellum a little longer than wide, the pedicel hardly twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeal process a small, de- curved, spatulate beak, flat above and extending more than half its length in front of the anterior margin of the head; mandibles net very stout; bent at the middle, the distal portion flattened, truncate and toothed apically, base not reaching the eye; cheeks fairly wide; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen elongate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a more or less faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.5 to 3 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype) collected on Kona- huanui, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, February 22, 1914. Type: Cat. No. 17, Bishop Museum. 18. Sierola suttoniae u.sp. @ black, hardly shining in front of the abdomen, head opaque, antennez and legs brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine surface sculpture, much coarser on the head, fairly coarsely, shallowly and remotely punctate, hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to ver- tex; flatly convex above, tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the pos- terior end of the eyes; vertical margin straight, temples rounded; eyes con- vex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments of the flagellum longer than wide, pedicel and funicle twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus small, decurved, hardly exceeding the anterior margin of the head, contracted at the base by the inward extension of the antennal fosse; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate and toothed apically, base nearly but not quite touching the eye above; cheeks narrow; gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugu- lose; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings with a deep brown pigmentation; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type), collected on Suttonia lassertiana on Mt. Kaala, Oahu, 2500 ft. elev., by P. H. Timberlake, March 4, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 18, Bishop Museum. 19. Sterola muri n.sp. @ shining black, antenne and legs brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculpture, a little coarser on the head and pronotum; finely and [ 26 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 81 closely punctate and hairy. Head wider than the thorax, as wide as long, width between the eyes considerably more than the length from the eye to the vertex; convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eyes; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments of the flagellum longer than wide, the pedicel and funicle twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus spatulate, rather short, hardly exceeding the anterior margin of the head, convex above, apically depressed, contracted at the base by the inward extension of the antennal fosse; mandibles fairly stout, bent at the middle, distal portion flattened, truncate apically and toothed, the base not reaching the eye; cheeks fairly wide; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum short, finely acicu- late; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a shallow yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype). Type collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, 4000 ft. elev., by Giffard and Muir, January 19, 1917. Para- type collected in the same locality by W. M. Giffard, June 8, 1908. Type: Cat. No. 19, Bishop Museum. 20. Sierola rocki n.sp. 2 shining black, the legs, mandibles and basal segments of antenne yellowish brown, antenne outwardly fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, finely, shallowly and remotely punctate, hairy clothing inconspicuous. Head a little wider than long, widest across the eyes, nar- rowing slightly behind and in front, width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, tumid_ be- neath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennze reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments of the flagellum longer than wide, pedicel and funicle twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep: clypeus spatulate, rather small, horizontally extended, and exceeding the anterior margin of the head by half its length, convex above, contracted at base by the inward extension of the antennal fosse; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially fore- shortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugulose; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings with a shallow yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected near Kilauea, at 29 miles, from Hilo, on the Hilo-Kau road, Hawaii by D. T. Fullaway, May 12, 1913. Type: Cat. No. 20, Bishop Museum. 21. Sierola bicolor n.sp. @ slender, shining black, almost brilliant, antenne basally, prothorax and the legs luteous, mandibles testaceous. [279] 82 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine retic- ulate surface sculpture, finely, shallowly and remotely punctate, hairy cloth- ing short and inconspicuous. Head longer than wide, length from eye to vertex equalling the width between the eyes; convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, greatest depth behind the eyes, vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne reaching the meso- scutum, segments of the flagellum scarcely longer than wide, pedicel about twice as long as wide, antennal fosse somewhat shallow; clypeus short, flat on top, apically depressed and blunt, hardly exceeding the anterior margin of the head, basally marked by converging lines from the sides; mandibles fairly stout, bent at the middle, distal portion flattened, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye; cheeks narrow; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, longer than wide, narrowing behind, both anterior and posterior margin rather deeply incised; propodeum rugulose; abdomen somewhat particolored, elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 2.75 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype). Type collected at Opaeula, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, March 30, 1913. Paratype collected on Mt. Kaala, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, July 22, 10917. Type: Cat. No. 21, Bishop Museum. 22. Sierola aristoteliae n.sp. @ black, with the exception of the prothorax, which is yellowish brown, thorax only faintly shining, the head dull, opaque or nearly so; legs, apex of the clypeus, antenne basally and the mandibles, except at the base, luteous, antenne fuscous outwardly. Thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculpture, head coarsely sculptured, apparently minutely granulate; very finely and closely punctate; clothed with a rather dense covering of short procumbent hairs. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex; length in front of the eyes not great; convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth in front of the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded; eyes convex, antennze longer than the head, segments of the flagellum scarcely longer than wide, pedicel nearly twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, projecting a litttle from the anterior margin of the head, longi- tudinally elevate in the middle and sloping at the sides, apex depressed, the carina distinct behind the antennz but effaced in front of it; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate and toothed apically, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head convex, the former not much foreshort- ened medially, longer than wide, anterior margin arcuately concave, poste- rior margin incised; abdomen short ovate, smooth and polished; wings hya- line; length 2.5 mms. Described from seven females (type and paratypes), four, including the type reared from the larve of a species of Aristotelia infesting a Gouldia fruit collected in Palolo by O. H. Swezey, January 11, 1914. Of the remain- ing paratypes, one was collected on Manoa Cliffs by P. H. Timberlake, March 29, 1918; one in the S. E. Koolau Mountains by J. C. Bridwell, Sep- [ 28 ] New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 83 tember 9, 1917; and one along Cooke’s trail, Nuuanu Valley, by D. T. Fulla- way, January 14, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 22, Bishop Museum. 23. Sierola anthracina n.sp. @ shining black, the antennz basally and the legs yellowish brown, an- tenn distally and the femora infuscate. Head and thorax with a fine reticulate surface sculpture, finely, shal- lowly and fairly closely punctate and hairy. Head longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from the eye to the vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, greatest depth behind the eye; vertical margin slightly concave, temples rounded but quite full, eyes flatly convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments a little longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus simple, flat on top, declivous at the sides, depressed apically, extended shortly in front of the anterior margin of the head as an acutely angulate projection, the base marked by converging lines from the sides, which meet in the middle and extend backward a short distance; mandibles fairly stout, bent near the middle, the distal portion twisted and flattened, obliquely truncate apically and toothed, base not touching the eye; cheeks narrow; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior mar- gin semicircularly concave, posterior margin deeply incised; propodeum finely tugulose; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfus- cate; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Tantalus Mountain, Oahu, 1500 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, December 22, 1918. Type: Cat. No. 23, Bishop Museum. 24. Sierola konana n.sp. @ shining black, legs and antennze brown to fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, finely, shallowly and rather remotely punctate and hairy, the sculpture a little coarser on the propodeum. Head-wider than the thorax, longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, length in front almost as great as the length behind the eyes, width between considerably more than the length from eye to vertex but less than twice as much; flatly convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, deep- est beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne almost reaching the mesoscutum, the seg- ments of the flagellum all longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, nearly horizontal, medially longitudi- nally elevate and sloping at the sides, extended a little in front of the ante- rior margin of the head; mandibles large, bent in the middle and twisted, the distal portion flattened, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye; cheeks narrow; gula and sides of the head rather flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, narrowing a little and slightly pro- tuberant behind, a shallow sulcus separating the two lobes; abdomen elon- [ 29 ] 84 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. gate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a very faint yel- lowish brown pigmentation; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Puuwaawaa, N. Kona, Hawaii, 3800 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard in August, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 24, Bishop Museum. 25. Sierola angustata n.sp. 2 moderately flat, slender, and shining black, antenne basally, man- dibles except at the base, trochanters, tibiae and tarsi brown. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, a little coarser on the head and propodeum, almost impunctate, the minute pin punctures extremely fine, shallow and remote, hairy clothing in- conspicuous. Head considerably longer than wide, the length from the eye to the vertex equalling the width between the eyes; flatly convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth behind the eye; ver- tical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne a little longer than the head, segments of the flagellum a little longer than wide, pedicel and first funicle segment twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, flat on top, projected a little in front of the anterior margin of the head, apically depressed and bluntly pointed; mandibles slender, curved, toothed apically, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, longer than wide, widening behind where it is divided into two lobes by a fairly deep median sulcus, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen elon- gate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, by W. M. Giffard in January, 1915. Type: Cat. No. 25, Bishop Museum. 26. Sierola levis n.sp. Plate XVI, Figure 5. @ moderately flat, slender, and shining, almost brilliant, black; legs, antenne basally and mandibles, except at the base, luteo-testaceous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; impunctate or nearly so, the minute pin punctures and hairs of extreme fineness. Head nearly twice as long as wide, widest at the vertex, narrowing in front, length from the eye to the vertex more than the width between the eyes; convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, greatest depth behind the eyes more than half the length; vertical margin very slightly concave, temples rounded, eyes rather flat; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments of the flagellum considerably lon- ger than wide, pedicel and first funicle segment twice as long as wide, an- tennal fossze deep; clypeus short, projected a little in front of the anterior margin of the head, medially longitudinally elevate but without carina, api- cally depressed and bluntly pointed; mandibles long, slender, nearly straight, toothed apically, base touching the eye above, projecting slightly below; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, twice as long as wide, somewhat protuberant behind and divided into two lobes by a deep median sulcus, anterior and posterior margins incised; propodeum rugulose, [ 30 ] New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 85 with a triangular area at the base smooth and shining; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3 mms. 4 with the head and abdomen shorter, the latter bluntly pointed api- cally, wings deeply pigmented. Described from four females and five males (type, allotype and para- types). Type and allotype collected on Tantalus mountain, Oahu, 1500 ft. elev., by W. M. Giffard, December 22, 1918; 2 6 6 and1@ collected on Ma- noa Ridge, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, February 13, 1917; 1 @ collected on Waialae Ridge, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, April 22, 1917; 1 2 collected on Manoa Cliffs, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, September 1, 1918; 1 ¢ collected on Tantalus mountain, Oahu, 1500 ft. elev., by W. M. Giffard, August 27, 1918; 1 ¢ collected on Manoa Cliffs, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, March 29, 1918, paratypes. Type: Cat. No. 26, Bishop Museum. 27. Sierola brevicornis n.sp. ? moderately flat, slender, and shining, almost brilliant, black: legs and antennz basally luteo-testaceous, the latter fuscous outwardly, mandibles red- dish brown except at the base. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, coarsely, shallowly and remotely punctate and hairy. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes more than the length from eye to vertex; flat above, depressed a little in front, and a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth behind the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex, antenne a little longer than the head, all the segments of the flagellum as wide as long with the exception of the pedicel, which is a little longer, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, medially longitudinally elevate, sloping at the sides, depressed apically and slightly projected in front of the anterior margin of the head; mandibles slender, curved, con- cavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye; cheeks very narrow; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially fore- shortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately curved, posterior mar- gin incised; propodeum hardly rugulose, a little more coarsely sculptured than the head and thorax in front; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kaumuohona, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, June 4, 1916. Type: Cat. No. 27, Bishop Museum. 28. Sierola montana n.sp. @ brilliant black, legs and antenne basally luteo-testaceous, the latter fuscous outwardly; mandibles testaceous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and delicate reticulate surface sculpture; finely, shallowly and somewhat remotely punctate, hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, which are slightly bulging, short behind the eyes, width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, [ese 86 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. tumid beneath, the greatest depth, beneath the posterior end of the eye, at least two-thirds the length; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex: antenne reaching the nesoscutum, all the segurents of the flagellum longer than wide, the pedicel more than twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, medially longitudinally elevate and sloping at the sides, depressed apically and slightly projected in front of the anterior mar- gin of the head; mandibles slender, curved, concavo-convex, toothed api- cally, base nearly reaching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, considerably wider than long and somewhat protuberant behind where it is divided into two lobes by a wide and shallow sulcus; propodeum rugulose, flat on top, declivous behind and at the sides, the margins distinct; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Kaala mountain, Oahu, 2500-3000 feet elevation, by P. H. Timberlake, July 22, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 28, Bishop Museum. 29. Sierola peleana n.sp. @ shining black, almost brilliant, legs and antennal scape flavous, the flagellum fuscous; mandibles reddish brown. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; finely, shallowly, and remotely punctate; sparingly clothed with short stiff white hairs. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes more than the length from the eye to the vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex, antennz reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments considerably longer than wide, the pedicel and first funicle segment twice as long as wide, antennal fossz deep; clypeus short, medially elevate and sloping at the sides, depressed apically and slightly projected in front of the anterior margin of the head; mandibles stout, bent in the middle, the distal portion twisted and flattened, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugulose; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 3 mms. Described from three females (type and paratypes). Type collected on Kaala mountain, Oahu, 2000 ft. elev., on Pelea clusiaefolia, by P. H. Timber- lake, March 4, 1917. ‘Two specimens collected on Niu Ridge, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, February 10, 1918, paratypes. Type: Cat. No. 29, Bishop Museum. 30. Sierola kaala n.sp. 2 moderately flat and elongate; dull black on the head, thorax a little more shining, abdomen brilliant; antennz and legs brown to fuscous, anten- nz fuscous outwardly, legs basally from the apex of the femora. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, a little coarser on the head than on the thorax; fs2"] New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 87 fairly closely, shallowly and a little coarsely punctate and hairy. Head longer than wide by the length in front of the eyes, width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, pedicel nearly twice as long as wide, antennal fossz deep ; clypeus reduced by erosion to a carinate ridge, declivous at the sides, api- cally depressed and slightly projected in front of the anterior margin of the head; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base reaching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, a little longer than wide, slightly protuber- ant behind where it is divided into two lobes by a wide, shallow sulcus, an- terior margin almost straight, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen elongate ovate; wings with a yellowish brown pigmen- tation; length 3.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Kaala mountain, Oahu, 2500-3000 ft. elevation, by P. H. Timberlake, July 22, 10917. Type: Cat. No. 30, Bishop Museum. 31. Sierola usitata n.sp. @ moderately flat, slender and elongate; head and thorax dull black, abdomen brilliant, antenne and legs brown to fuscous, the former fuscous outwardly, the latter basally. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically close, rather coarse, reticulate surface sculpture, a little coarsely, shallowly and closely punctate, clothed with silvery white hairs. Head considerably longer than wide, width between the eyes not much greater than the distance from the eye to the vertex; convex above, depressed in front and a little tumid be- neath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical mar- gin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, slightly projected in front of the anterior margin of the head, depressed in front and sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne ; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate and toothed apically, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, longer than wide, narrowing posteriorly, ante- rior margin straight, posterior margin incised; the latter with a highly pol- ished surface; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen elliptical, apically acumi- nate, smooth and polished; wings with a deep yellowish brown pigmentation ; length 3.1 mms. @ smaller, head shorter, antennz more slender, mandibles luteo-testa- ceous; abdomen bluntly pointed at the apex. Described from five females and one male (type, allotype and para- types) collected at Kaumuohona, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, September 9, 1QI7. Type: Cat. No. 31, Bishop Museum. [ 33] 88 New Species of Sterola, With Explanatory Notes. 32. Sierola carinata n.sp. 2 unusually large; shining black, not brilliant, tibia and tarsi fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically close and fairly coarse reticu- late surface sculpture, fairly closely but somewhat irregularly punctate and hairy. Head wider than the thorax and considerably longer than wide, widest at the vertex and narrowing slightly in front, width between the eyes greater than the distance from the eye to the vertex, which is consid- erable; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennze longer than the head, segments of the flagellum as wide as or wider than long, pedicel a little longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus reduced by erosion at the sides to a carinate ridge, depressed apically and projecting a little in front of the anterior margin of the head, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles very stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base nearly reaching the eye above; gula rather flat and hairy, somewhat foreshortened medially, a little wider than long, anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin incised; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished, somewhat depressed; wings subinfuscate, with a rather faint yellowish-brown pigmen- tation basally and along costal border; length 3.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, lumber camp, 4000 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, July 4, 19018. Type: Cat. No. 32, Bishop Museum. 33. Sierola koa n.sp. Q unusually large; shining black, legs and antennz yellowish brown, the latter fuscous outwardly. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, finely and closely punctate and hairy. Head considerably longer than wide, widest across the eyes, slightly narrower behind and in front, length from the eye to the vertex equalling the width between the eyes; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennz scarcely longer than the head, the segments of the flagellum not much longer than wide, pedicel a little longer, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, carinate, apically depressed and projecting a little in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides; mandibles very stout, bent at the middle, distal portion some- what flattened, obliquely truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially fore- shortened, wider than long, finely punctate and hairy, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin incised; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 3.25 mms. Described from three females (type and paratypes) collected on Tan- talus mountain, Oahu, on Acacia koa, by J. C. Bridwell, June, rot8. Type: Cat. No. 33, Bishop Museum. | 34 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 89 34. Sierola pilosa u.sp. Plate XVI, Figure 6. 2 unusually large and thick-set; dull shining black, antennz and legs brown, the fore-femora outwardly and the antenne distally fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically close and rather coarse reticulate surface sculpture, uniformly closely and shallowly punctate and clothed with long light brown to silvery hairs. Head con- siderably longer than wide, widest across the eyes, much narrower behind and in front, width between the eyes a little more than the length from the eye to the vertex, which is considerable; flatly convex above, depressed in front, very tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennz longer than the head, all the segments considerably longer than wide, antennal fossze deep; clypeus reduced to an extremely thin, cari- nate ridge, vertically depressed apically and projecting a little in front of the anterior margin of the head, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles slender, curved, apically toothed, base not reaching the eye; cheeks narrow; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long in front, narrowing behind where it is strongly protuberant and divided into two lobes by a deep sulcus; anterior margin almost straight; propodeum rugulose ; abdomen elongate ovate, mostly smooth and polished, but an extremely fine reticulate surface sculpture evident; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellow- ish-brown pigmentation: length 3.5 mms. Described from five females (type and paratypes), collected at Kuala- puu, Molokai, by D. T. Fullaway, July 15, rgto. Type: Cat. No. 34, Bishop Museum. 35. Sicrola megalognatha n.sp. @ moderately flat and unusually large; shining black, legs and antenne brown to fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, closely and shallowly punctate and hairy. Head nearly as wide as long, widest at the vertex, narrowing a little in front, width between the eyes nearly twice the length from eye to vertex; flat on top, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; deepest behind the eyes, the greatest depth less than half the length; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennze reaching the mesoscutum, segments of the flagellum a little longer than wide, the pedicel nearly twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting a little in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides; mandibles abnormally large, bent at the middle, the distal portion flattened and punc- tate, apically truncate and toothed, base reaching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former scarcely as long as wide but not much foreshortened medially, posterior margin incised, anterior margin arcuately concave; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 3.5 mms. 4 smaller; mandibles yellowish brown, abdomen bluntly pointed at the apex. Described from two females and one male (type, allotype and paratype), es5el go New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. collected at Puuwaawaa, N. Kona, Hawaii, 3700 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, August, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 35, Bishop Museum. 36. Siecrola tantalea n.sp. 2 unusually large; shining black, antenne, legs and posterior margin of the abdominal segments brown, the antennze fuscous outwardly. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, rather closely and finely punctate and hairy. Head wider than the thorax, a little longer than wide, the length from eye to vertex about equal- ling the width between the eyes, length in front of the eyes not great; con- vex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne no longer than the head, pedicel a little longer than wide, following segments as wide as or even wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus reduced by erosion from the sides to a longitudinal, carinate ridge, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula convex, medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised, median groove nearly effaced; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3.5 mms. Described from three females (type and paratypes) collected on ‘Tan- talus mountain, Oahu, 1300-1800 ft. elevation. Type, numbered 284, col- lected by W. M. Giffard, September 9, 1908. One specimen, collected by W. M. Giffard, September 14, 1907, and one labelled Oahu (Koebele), para- types. Type: Cat. No. 36, Bishop Museum. 37. Sierola compacta n.sp. 2 moderately large and thick-set; shining black, the head a little dull, antenne brown to fuscous at the base; trochanters, femora apically, tibize and tarsi testaceous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, a little coarser on the head than on the thorax, rather closely, coarsely and shallowly punctate, and hairy. Head nearly as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, deepest under the eye; vertical margin straight, tem- ples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, the segments of the flagellum all longer than wide, the pedicel twice, the funicle three times as long as wide; antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically de- pressed and projecting a little in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides; mandibles slender, curved, toothed apically, base not reaching the eye; cheeks narrow; gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially foreshortened, transverse, anterior margin arcuately con- cave, posterior margin incised, median groove nearly effaced; propodeum | 36 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. QI rugulose, opaque; abdomen short ovate, smooth and polished; wings sub- infuscate, with a yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype). Type collected on a-a flow, Kau, Hawaii, 3600 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, July 18, ro18. One specimen from Kilauea, Hawaii, collected by W. M. Giffard, June 12, 1908, and numbered 13, paratype. Type: Cat. No. 37, Bishop Museum. 38. Sierola osborni n.sp. @ unusually large; shining black, almost brilliant, antenne and legs ‘fuscous to black, the middle and hind femora entirely black. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, fairly closely, shallowly and rather coarsely punctate and hairy. Head wider than the thorax, a little longer than wide, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex; convex above and _ beneath, without great depth; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennze longer than the head, all the segments a little longer than wide, the pedicel more than twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus re- duced by erosion from the sides to a carinate ridge, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base reaching the eye above; gula and sides of the head convex, the former very much foreshortened medially, transverse, anterior margin arcuately, posterior margin semicircularly concave, median groove faintly impressed; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation basally; length 3.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, by D. T. Fullaway, May 12, 10913. Type: Cat. No. 38, Bishop Museum. 39. Sierola fuscipennis n.sp. 2 unusually large; dull black, the head opaque, antenne and legs brown, the former fuscous outwardly, the latter with the coxze and femora mostly black. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and close reticulate sur- face sculpture, closely and finely punctate and hairy. Head a little longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing slightly behind and in front, width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to ver- tex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical mar- gin slightly convex, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennez a little longer than the head, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep: clypeus reduced by erosion from the sides to a carinate ridge, apically de- pressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennze; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base nearly reaching the eye above; cheeks very narrow; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially 47] Q2 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. foreshortened, transverse, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior mar- gin incised; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings with a slightly fuscous pigmentation; length 4 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on the Shipman Ranch, at Kilauea, Hawaii, by F. Muir, January 14, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 39, Bishop Museum. 40. Sierola longicaudata n.sp. @ unusually large and thick-set; black, the head and thorax dull, the former nearly opaque, legs and antenne brown to fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and close reticulate sur- face sculpture, finely, shallowly and-rather closely punctate and hairy. Head a little longer than wide, widest across the posterior part of the eyes, nar- rowing behind and in front, smallest width, between the eyes, twice the length from eye to vertex; convex above and beneath; vertical margin stratght, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate and vertically depressed, projecting a little in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concavo- convex, truncate and toothed apically, base not quite reaching the eye: cheeks narrow; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially fore- shortened, wider than long, anterior and posterior margins arcuately con- cave, median groove nearly effaced; abdomen elongate ovate, apically acu- minate; wings hyaline or nearly so; length 3.75 mms. Described from three females (type and paratypes) collected on Maui by Koebele. Type: Cat. No. 40, Bishop Museum. 41. Sierola laticeps n.sp. 2 unusually large; dull shining black, antenne and legs brown, the fore-coxze and femora outwardly fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and close reticulate surface sculpture, closely and shallowly punctate and thinly clothed with silvery gray hairs. Head wider than the thorax, a little longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, abnormally swollen beneath, the greatest depth, beneath the posterior end of the eye, at least two-thirds the length; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne longer than the head, all the segments considerably longer than wide, antennal fos- se deep; clypeus reduced by erosion from the sides to a thin, carinate ridge, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennz; mandibles short, stout, concavo-convex, truncate and toothed apically, base not reaching the eye; cheeks narrow; gula and sides of the head flatly concave, the former medially foreshortened, about as long as wide, narrowing behind where it is strongly protuberant and divided into two lobes by a rather deep median sulcus; propodeum finely rugulose: [ 38 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 03 abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3.75 mms. Described from seventeen females (type and paratypes). Type collected at Hilo, Hawaii, 1500 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, August 3, 1906. Five ? 9 from the Kilauea koa forest, collected by F. W. Terry, May 24, June 3, 1905; 6 2 2 labelled Hawaii (Koebele); 1 @ from the Kilauea koa forest col- lected by W. M. Giffard, July roth, 1911; 1 9 from Kau road, collected by Giffard and Muir, January 16, 1917; 1 Q from the Kilauea dry forest, 4000 ft. elevation, collected by W. M. Giffard, January 9, 1919; 1 2 from Puu- waawaa, N. Kona, 3700 ft. elevation, collected by W. M. Giffard, August, 1917; I 9 from Kahuku, Kau, collected by Giffard and Muir, January 15, IQ17, paratypes. Type: Cat. No. 41, Bishop Museum. 42. Sierola localis n.sp. 2 unusually large; dull shining black, trochanters, tibize and tarsi and a large part of the antenne brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and close reticulate surface sculpture, fairly closely and finely punctate and hairy, the pin punctures on the head extremely fine. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennze reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments considerably longer than wide, antennal fosse deep: clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate and toothed apically, base reaching the eye above; gula flatly convex, medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin nearly straight; propodeum rugulose; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and shining; wings subinfuscate ; length 3.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Tantalus mountain, Oahu, 1300 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, January 15, 1905. Type: Cat. No. 42, Bishop Museum. 43. Sierola obscura n.sp. @ unusually large and thick-set; dull shining black, the head nearly opaque; trochanters, tibize and tarsi brown, antenne brown to fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, coarsely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate and hairy, both sculp- ture and punctuation coarser on the head than on the thorax. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes con- vex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments considerably longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base | 30 | 04 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. of the antenne: mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate and toothed apically, base reaching the eye above; gula convex, medially fore- shortened, twice as wide as long, slightly depressed behind on either side of the median groove, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin incised ; abdomen elliptic-ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings hya- line; length 3.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Palolo, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, January 3, IQI5. Type: Cat. No. 43, Bishop Museum. 44. Sterola levigata n.sp. ? unusually large; shining black, the head and thorax very dull, tro- chanters, tibiz, tarsi and apex of the mandibles brown, antennz fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, coarsely, shallowly and closely punctate and _ hairy. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; convex above and beneath, vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments considerably longer than wide, antennal fossz deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles short, stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate and toothed apically, base nearly reaching the eye above; cheeks extremely narrow; gula and sides of the head con- vex, the former medially foreshortened, twice as wide as long, slightly depressed behind on either side of the median line, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 3.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, 4000 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, October, 1915. Type: Cat. No. 44, Bishop Museum. 45. Sterola tenuis n.sp. @ slender; shining black, the legs and antennz basally yellowish brown, the latter fuscous outwardly, mandibles brown except at the base. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, fairly coarse except on the propodeum; closely, shallowly and some- what coarsely punctate, rather thickly clothed with long silvery-gray hairs. Head twice as long as wide, width between the eyes a little less than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; an- tenne a little longer than the head, pedicel longer than wide, following seg- ments as wide as long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically de- pressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides; mandibles fairly stout, curved, truncate and toothed apically, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former convex behind, medially foreshortened but considerably longer than [ 40 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 95 wide, narrowing posteriorly, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior mar- gin incised; abdomen short ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfus- cate; length 2.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Palolo, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, January 3, I9QI5. Type: Cat. No. 45, Bishop Museum. 46. Sierola depressella n.sp. @ slender; shining black, antennz and legs fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture and extremely finely and remotely punctate, hairy clothing inconspicuous. Head twice as long as wide, width between the eyes a little less than the length from eye to vertex; nearly flat above and beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flat; antennz a little longer than the head, pedicel longer than wide, following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fossze deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and slightly pro- jecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles slender, curved, truncate and toothed apically, base touching the eye above; gula flatly convex, not much foreshortened medial- ly, considerably longer than wide, anterior margin arcuately concave, poste- rior margin incised: abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished, a faint reticulate surface sculpture on the tergites; wings subinfuscate; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Kaala mountain, Oahu, 2500-3000 ft. elevation, by P. H. Timberlake, July 22, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 46, Bishop Museum. 47. Sierola glabra n.sp. @ slender, somewhat depressed; shining black, almost brilliant, tro- chanters, tibize, tarsi and antennz brown, the latter fuscous outwardly. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, finely, shallowly and somewhat remotely punctate, hairy clothing incon- spicuous. Head somewhat longer than wide, width between the eyes equal- ling the distance from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; convex above and beneath, depressed in front; vertical margin straight, tem- ples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne hardly longer than the head, pedicel longer than wide, following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and _ pro- jecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides; mandibles slender, curved, truncate and toothed apically, base touch- ing the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, a little convex behind, anterior margin arcu- ately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Tantalus mountain, Oahu, 1300 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, May 7, Io11. Type: Cat. No. 47, Bishop Museum. [ 41 ] 96 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 48. Sierola flavicornis n.sp. @ shining black, almost brilliant, antennz and legs flavous Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate, surface sculp- ture, finely, shallowly and somewhat remotely punctate, hairy clothing incon- spicuous. Head considerably longer than wide, width between the eyes equalling the distance from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne hardly longer than the head, pedicel a little longer than wide, following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and slightly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate and toothed apically, base touching the eye above; gula flatly convex, me- dially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and_ shining; wings hyaline; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Tantalus mountain, Oahu, elevation 1300 ft., by W. M. Giffard, January 1, 1005. Type: Cat. No. 48, Bishop Museum. 49. Sierola timberlakei n.sp. 2? shining yellowish brown, often infuscate, legs, antenne and mandibles concolorous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, finely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate and hairy. Head a little longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to ver- tex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, segments of the flagellum longer than wide, the pedicel nearly twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and _ projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides; mandibles slender, curved, apically truncate and toothed, base reaching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshort- ened, as wide as long, narrowing behind where it is rather convex, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen ovate, smooth and shining; wings subinfuscate with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation ; length 2 mms. 3 a little smaller, the head as wide as long, abdomen bluntly pointed at the apex. Described from eight females and one male (type, allotype and para- types). Type from Tantalus mountain, Oahu, mounted on pin with one other lacking head, both of which were specimens reared from larve of Batrachedra sophroniella, by O. H. Swezey. August 13. rto1t. One ¢ col- lected at Waiawa, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, May 4, 1913, allotype. Two 2 9 collected at Kalihi, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, May 7, 1914, one @ collected on | 42 } New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. Q7 Tantalus mountain, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, August 4, 1912, one @ collected on Cooke’s Trail, Nuuanu Valley, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, on Cyrtandra grandiflora, March 19, 1916, one 2 collected on Kaala mountain, Oahu, 2000 ft. elevation, by P. H. Timberlake, March 4, 1917, one @ collected in Nuuanu, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, August 20, 1916, paratypes. Type: Cat. No. 49, Bishop Museum. 50. Sierola pulchra u.sp. ? shining, almost brilliant, black on the head, shining yellowish brown on the thorax and abdomen, often infuscate, legs and antenne luteous, the latter fuscous outwardly, mandibles brown except at the base. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, finely, shallowly and remotely punctate, hairy clothing inconspicuous. Head a little longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes equalling the length from eye to vertex; flat above, convex beneath, deepest behind the eye but without great depth; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, the segments of the flagellum longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, depressed api- eally and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides; mandibles slender, curved, flattened distally, apically truncate and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, as long as wide, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised, median groove very fine; abdo- men ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, sometimes with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.5 mms. 2a little smaller, mandibles luteous, abdomen bluntly pointed at the apex. Described from 21 females and 5 males (type, allotype and paratypes). Type and allotype from Tantalus mountain, Oahu, and part of a series includ- ing 10 2 2 and 4 é 6 specimens, reared by O. H. Swezey from leaf-miner in Urera, March 15, 1914. In addition to the paratypes in the above series, there are four females and one male from Manoa Cliffs, Oahu, reared by P. H. Timberlake, from Urera leaf miner, April 15, 1918; 4 9 9 from Manoa Cliffs, Oahu, collected by P. H. Timberlake on Urera sandwi- censis, March 29, 1918: 1 2 from Tantalus, reared by O. H. Swezey, from blotch miner in Urera, August 29, 1915; 1 2 collected on Tantalus by O. H. Swezey, March 16, 1915; 1 @ collected in Nuuanu, by D. T. Fullaway, March 4, 1912, paratypes. Type: Cat. No. 50, Bishop Museum. 51. Sierola pubescens n.sp. @ shining black, abdominal segments posteriorly margined with brown, legs yellowish brown, antennz yellowish brown, fuscous outwardly. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, coarsely and fairly closely punctate and hairy. Head wider than the thorax and a little longer than wide, length from the eye to the vertex equalling the width between the eyes, length in front of the eyes not great; 43 | 98 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth behind the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex ; antennz scarcely longer than the head, pedicel a little longer than wide, fol- lowing segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennze; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base nearly or quite reaching the eye; gula convex, closely punctate and pubescent, medially fore- shortened, wider than long, the median groove distinct, anterior margin arcu- ately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen ovate, smooth and_pol- ished; wings subinfuscate, with a very faint yellowish brown pigmentation ; length 3 mms. Described from 9 females (type and paratypes), collected on Tantalus mountain, Oahu, 1300 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard. Two specimens, one of which is the type, collected October 15, 1905. In addition to the paratype just mentioned, there are three specimens, collected November 14, 1907, 2 specimens collected April 16, 1905, I specimen collected March 11, 1905, I specimen collected December 2, 1905, paratypes, Type: Cat. No. 51, Bishop Museum. 52. Sterola seminigra n.sp. @ black, with the exception of the prothorax, which is brown; and shining, with the exception of the head, which is dull, opaque or nearly so; legs, antenne and mandibles brown. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, coarser and closer on the head; very finely, closely and shallowly punc- tate; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; convex above, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennz a little longer than the head, pedicel a little longer than wide, following segments as wide as long or nearly so, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward a little on the top of the head; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula convex, medially fore- shortened, wider than long, anterior margin almost straight, posterior mar- gin deeply incised; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and _pol- ished; wings with a yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. @ smaller, head shorter, legs, antenne and mandibles paler, abdomen bluntly pointed at the apex, wings nearly hyaline. Described from four females and one male (type, allotype and para- types). Type collected on Cooke’s Trail, Nuuanu Valley, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, January 14, 1917. One é and one @ collected in Pauoa Valley, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, January 23, 1900, respectively allotype and paratype. One @ collected in Palolo Valley, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, August 12, 1912, [ 44 ] New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 99 and one collected on Olympus mountain, Oahu, January 14, 1912, paratypes. Type: Cat. No. 52, Bishop Museum. 53. Sierola fuscipes n.sp. @ dull shining black, the legs and antennz fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; fairly closely and finely punctate; hairy clothing short and inconspic- uous. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; convex above and beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennz a little longer than the head, pedicel longer than wide, following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; cly- peus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the ante- rior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending back- ward on the top of the head a little beyond the base of the antennze; man- dibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised, abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and_ polished; wings with a fuscous pigmentation; length 2.5 mms. Described from five females (type and paratypes) from Kilauea, Ha- waii, dry forest, 4000 ft. elevation, three 9 9 collected by Giffard and Muir, November 1, 1917, and numbered 4, one of which is the type; in addition to the paratypes in this series, 1 2 collected by W. M. Giffard, July 6, 1018. and another @ collected June 12, 1990, and numbered 12, paratypes. Type: Cat. No. 53, Bishop Museum. 54. Sierola flavipennis n.sp. Q depressed, flat; shining black, legs and antenne yellowish brown, mandibles apically reddish brown. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; finely, shallowly and somewhat sparsely punctate; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head wider than the thorax, longer than wide, width between the eyes equalling the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; rather flat above and beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennze longer than the head, the pedicel and first funicle segment somewhat longer than wide, the following segments hardly so, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, almost vertical, carinate, slightly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, narrowing behind where it is rather convex, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised, median groove effaced; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings sub- infuscate, with a yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected, Kaumuohona, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, April 23, 1916. Type: Cat. No. 54, Bishop Museum. [ 45 ] 100 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 55. Sterola lepida n.sp. 9 shining black, the legs, antennz basally and the mandibles except at the base, flavous, antenne distally fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; finely, shallowly and closely punctate; hairy clothing short and deli- cate. Sides of the pronotum aciculate. Head a little longer than wide, wid- est across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes considerably more than (1% X) the length from eye to vertex; convex above, tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes con- vex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles slender, widening outwardly, curved, concayo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, as long as wide, narrow ing behind where it is inconspicuously divided into two lobes by a shallow depression on the median line, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen depressed, ovate, smooth and polished; wings infuscate, with a yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. . Described from one female (type) collected at Glenwood, Hawaii, 2800 ft. elevation, by Giffard and Muir, October 1, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 55, Bishop Museum. 56. Sierola callida n.sp. @ shining black, the legs and antennz fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; fairly closely, coarsely and shallowly punctate and hairy. Head wider than the thorax, longer than wide, width between the eyes equalling the length from eye to vertex; convex above and beneath; depressed in front ; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne a lit- tle longer than the head, pedicel and first funicle segment a little longer than wide, following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennz; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula convex, not much foreshortened, anterior margin arcu- ately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished ; wings subinfuscate, with a yellowish-brown pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. 6 smaller, head shorter, vertical margin arcuately convex, mandibles luteous except at the base, abdomen bluntly pointed at the apex. Described from one female and three males (type, allotype and para- types) collected on Kaala mountain, Oahu. ‘Type collected by P. H. Timber- lake, July 4, 1916. Three ¢ ¢ collected by P. H. Timberlake, at 1500-2500 ft. elevation, March 4, 1917, one on Bobea clatior, allotype and paratypes. Type: Cat. No. 56, Bishop Museum. | 46 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 101 57. Sterola longicornis n.sp. @ dull black but not opaque, legs and antennze yellowish brown to fus- cous, the former with the femora fuscous outwardly, the latter fuscous dis- tally from the first funicle segment. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, coarser on the head; rather coarsely, shallowly and closely punctate and hairy. Head a little longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing in front and behind, width between the eyes more than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennze considerably longer than the head, all the segments more than twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles slender, curved, truncate and toothed apically, base almost touch- ing the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former not much foreshortened medially, longer than wide, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised, the median groove nearly effaced; propodeum rugu- lose, a small triangular area medially at the base smooth; abdomen ovate, brilliantly polished; wings subinfuscate, with a yellowish brown pigmenta- tion; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, 29 miles, by W. M. Giffard, January, 1015. Type: Cat. No. 57, Bishop Museum. 58. Sverola scoriacea n.sp. 2 shining black, the head a little dull; antennz, trochanters, tibiz and tarsi testaceous, femora fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; finely, shallowly and closely punctate; rather thickly clothed with fine silvery gray hairs. Head longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; convex above and beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne a little longer than the head, the segments hardly longer than wide, antennal fossz deep; clypeus reduced by erosion from the sides to a thin, carinate ridge, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles slender, curved, truncate api- cally and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, narrowing behind, where it is rather convex, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin incised, the median groove effaced; abdomen ovate, smooth and_ polished; wings subinfuscate, with a yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Kau, Hawaii, a-a flows, 3600 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, July 18th, 1018. Type: Cat. No. 58, Bishop Museum. | 47 ] 102 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 59. Sierola gracillima n.sp. @ shining black, the head a little dull; legs fuscous, antenne yellowish brown, outwardly infuscate. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; finely and somewhat remotely punctate; hairy cloth- ing inconspicuous. Head considerably longer than wide, width between the eyes equalling the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; flatly convex above and beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennz not much longer than the head, pedicel longer than wide, following segments as wide as long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially foreshort- ened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and shining; wings subinfuscate, with a yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Punaluu, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, June II, IOQIT. Type: Cat. No. 59, Bishop Museum. 60. Sterola brunneipes n.sp. @ dull shining black, legs and antenne brown, the latter fuscous api- cally. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; finely and fairly closely punctate; hairy clothing short and incon- spicuous. Head wider than the thorax, a little longer than wide, width between the eyes equalling the length from eye to vertex; convex above and beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flat; antennz not much longer than the head, pedicel a little longer than wide, following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fossz deep; clypeus cari- nate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior mar- gin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennze; mandibles stout, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula flatly con- vex, medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin incised; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and _ polished; wings subinfuscate, with a yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.25 mms. Described from five females (type and paratypes) from Tantalus moun- tain, Oahu. Type collected by W. M. Giffard, February 16, 1916. One speci- men swept from Acacia koa by J. C. Bridwell, July 5, 1915, and three others collected on Acacia koa by J. C. Bridwell, June, 1918, paratypes. Type: Cat. No. 60, Bishop Museum. 61. Sierola arida n.sp. ? dull black, almost opaque; legs and antennze brown to fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and close reticulate sur- [ 48 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 10 4 3 face sculpture; finely and somewhat remotely punctate and hairy. Head longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing slightly behind and in front, width between the eyes equalling the length from eye to vertex; con- vex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth directly behind the middle; vertical margin slightly concave, temples round- ed, eyes convex: antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, pedicel and funicle twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending back- ward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennz; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head rather flat, the former medially foreshortened, a little longer than wide, narrowing behind, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings fuscous, with a yellowish brown pigmentation ; length 2.75 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype) collected on Kaala mountain, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, September 7, 1913. Type: Cat. No. 61, Bishop Museum. 62. Sierola punctata n.sp. @ dull black, head nearly opaque, the legs flavous, antennz yellowish brown to fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; closely, finely and shallowly punctate and hairy; punctuation on the thorax very fine, that on the head coarser. Head longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; convex above and beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne a little longer than the head, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus reduced by erosion from the sides to a thin, carinate ridge, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the ante- rior margin of the head, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne:; mandibles fairly stout, curved, con- cavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially foreshortened, as long as wide, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings with a yellowish brown pigmention; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Kaala mountain, Oahu, at 2000 ft. elevation, by P. H. Timberlake in sweeping a species of Kadua, March 4, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 62, Bishop Museum. 63. Sierola brunnea n.sp. 2 moderately flat; shining black, the head, pronotum and abdomen piceous; legs, mandibles and antennze basally yellowish brown, antennz fus- cous outwardly. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and [ 49 | 104 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. close reticulate surface sculpture; finely and fairly closely punctate; rather thinly clothed with long delicate hairs. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; flat above, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, pedicel a little longer than wide, follow- ing segments as wide as long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward a little on the top of the head; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, as long as wide, narrowing behind, where it is indistinctly divided into two lobes by a shallow depression posteriorly on the median line, anterior margin straight, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pig- mentation; length 2.25 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype) from Tantalus moun- tain, Oahu, 1300 ft. elevation. Type collected by W. M. Giffard January 29, 1905. Second specimen collected by O. H. Swezey, August 4, 1912, paratype. Type: Cat. No. 63, Bishop Museum. 64. Sterola picea n.sp. 2 shining black, the head somewhat piceous; legs and antennz luteous, the latter infuscate outwardly, mandibles brown. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; finely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate; thinly clothed with short, delicate, silvery white hairs. Head nearly twice as long as wide. width be- tween the eyes equalling the leneth from eye to vertex; convex above and beneath; temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne a little longer than the head, pedicel twice as long as wide, following segments as wide as long or hardly longer, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennz: mandibles stout, curved, flattened outwardly, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula flatly convex, medially foreshortened, a little longer than wide, slightly depressed along the median line, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Tantalus mountain, Oahu, 1300 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, January 15, 1995. Type: Cat. No. 64, Bishop Museum. 65. Sierola streblognatha n.sp. 2 shining black, antenne basally and the legs brown, with the excep- tion of the femora, which are blackish in the middle. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, fairly coarsely, shallowly and remotely punctate and | 50 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 105 hairy. Head a little longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin slightly concave, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, the segments of the flagellum all longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, and the first funicle segment nearly so, antennal fossz deep: clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennz; mandibles fairly stout, bent near the base, the distal portion twisted and flattened, api- cal margin obliquely truncate and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially very much foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised ; propodeum rugulose; abdomen short ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a rather faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length about 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Puuwaawaa, N. Kona, Hawaii, 3700 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, August, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 65, Bishop Museum. 66. Sterola opaecula n.sp. @ shining black, antennze brown, outwardly fuscous, tibiz and tarsi yel- lowish brown to fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; finely and fairly closely punctate; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head nearly twice as long as wide, width between the eyes equalling the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin nearly straight, temples round- ed, eyes flatly convex; antenne not much longer than the head, the pedicel a little longer than wide, following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, carinate, apically depressed and project- ing slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head to the base of the antenne; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head rather flat, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, narrowing behind where it is inconspicuously divided into two lobes by a shallow median depression, ante- rior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished: wings ‘subinfus- eate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Opaeula, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, March 30, 109013. Type: Cat. No. 66, Bishop Museum. 67. Sierola mandibularis n.sp. 2 shining black, antenne basally brown, fuscous outwardly, apex of the femora, tibiz and tarsi yellowish brown. sz 106 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; fairly coarsely and closely punctate; hairy clothing short and delicate. Head longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eves a little more than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin slightly convex, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennze reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward a little on the top of the head; mandibles slender, curved, flattened outwardly, the apical margins truncate and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, no longer than wide, closely and finely punctate, the groove nearly effaced, anterior margin arcu- ately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen ovate, smooth and _pol- ished; wings subinfuscate: length 2.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on the Pauoa side of Tan- talus mountain, Oahu, by J. C. Bridwell, July 15, 1016. Type: Cat. No. 67, Bishop Museum. 68. Sierola minuta n.sp. @ small, shining black, legs and antennz yellowish brown to fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; finely and somewhat remotely punctate; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes more than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a lit- tle tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne a little longer than the head, the pedicel longer than wide, following segments as wide as long, antennal fossee deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of head beyond the base of the antennz; mandibles slender, curved, truncate and toothed apically, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen short ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type) collected in Middle Puna, Hawaii, at 750 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, August 6, 1918. Type: Cat. No. 68, Bishop Museum. 69. Sterola hirsuta n.sp. 2 shining black, legs, antenne basally and mandibles light yellowish brown. 1-4 Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, a little coarser on the head: coarsely, shallowly and closely punctate; thickly clothed with long silvery hairs. Head longer than wide by a half, width between the eyes more than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical [ 52] New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 107 margin slightly convex, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennz reach- ing the mesoscutum, all the segments a little longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending back- ward on the top of-the head beyond the base of the antennze; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshort- ened, a little longer than wide, narrowing behind, where it is somewhat convex, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propo- deum rugulose, dull; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subin- fuscate, with a very faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.25 mms. é smaller, head shorter, abdomen bluntly pointed at the apex. Described from eight females and two males (type, allotype and para- types). Type from Niu, Oahu, collected by P. H. Timberlake, February 10, 1918, allotype from Kaala mountain, collected March 4, 1917. Four 2 @ col- lected same date, one collected July 9, 1916, and one ¢ collected July 22, 1917, on Kaala mountain, together with two 2 2 collected on Tantalus mountain, at 1500 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, August 27 and December 22, 1918, respectively, paratypes. Type: Cat. No. 69, Bishop Museum. 70. Sierola striata n.sp. 2 shining black, antenne basally yellowish brown, fuscous outwardly, legs brown, the femora somewhat infuscate. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and delicate reticulate surface sculpture; finely, closely, somewhat sparsely punc- tate: hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head wider than the thorax, longer than wide by a half, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth behind the eyes; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne a little longer than the head, the segments of the flagellum all longer than wide, the pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending back- ward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; pronotum aciculate at the sides; scutellum smooth and impunctate; propodeum rugulose; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected in Palolo valley, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, August 12, 1912. ‘ Type: Cat. No. 70, Bishop Museum. [53 | 108 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 71. Sterola agens asp. @ shining black, the legs and antenne luteous, the latter fuscous out- wardly. : Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, which is very delicate on the head; finely, fairly closely and rather sparsely punctate; hairy clothing short and delicate. Head longer than wide by a half, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; convex above and beneath, depressed in front; vertical margin nearly straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex ; antennze not much longer than the head, pedicel more than twice as long as wide, first two funicle segments a little longer than wide, following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, api- cally depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennze; mandibles stout, curved, concavo- convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula flatly convex, medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugulose; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type), collected in Nuuanu valley, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, August 20, 1916. Type: Cat. No. 71, Bishop Museum. 72. Sierola pygmaca n.sp. @ small, the thorax and abdomen unusually short; shining black, not brilliant, legs and two basal joints of antenne yellowish brown, antennz apically fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, a little coarser on the head; fairly coarsely, shallowly and closely punctate; hairy clothing short and delicate. Head wider than the thorax, longer than wide by a half, width between the eyes equalling the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; flatly convex above, depressed in front and a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth behind the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne scarcely longer than the head, pedicel twice as long as wide, follow- ing segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fossz deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennz; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-conyex, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye above; gula and sides of the head convex, the former a little foreshort- ened medially, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised ; abdomen depressed, short ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Cooke’s Trail, Nuuanu Valley, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, August 20, ror6. Type: Cat. No. 72, Bishop Museum. | 54 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 1oy 73. Sierola tumidoventris n.sp. @ shining black, antenne and legs brown to fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; fairly closely, shallowly and finely punctate; hairy clothing rather short and delicate. Head wider than the thorax, longer than wide by a half, width between the eyes equalling the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; somewhat flat above, convex beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne scarcely longer than the head, pedicel about twice as long as wide, following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward a little on the top of the head; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula convex, a little foreshortened medially, anterior margin arcvately concave, posterior margin incised; abdo- men elongate ovate, smooth and brilliantly polished, somewhat tumid beneath ; wings hyaline; length 2.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Cooke’s Trail, Nuuanu Valley, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, August 20, 1916. Type: Cat. No. 73, Bishop Museum. 74. Sterola koolauensis n.sp. Q@ shining black, antennz brown, fuscous outwardly, legs fuscous, tibize and tarsi yellowish brown. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; closely, shallowly, fairly coarsely punctate, and hairy. Head longer than wide by one-half, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, convex beneath, the greatest depth directly behind the eyes; vertical margin straight, tem- ples rounded, eyes flat; antenne no longer than the head, pedicel a little longer than wide, following segments as wide as long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula flatly convex, medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin incised; abdomen short ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation ; length 2.25 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype). Type from S. E. Koolau mountains, Oahu, collected by J. C. Bridwell, 1916. Second speci- men, from Kuliouou, collected by P. H. Timberlake, June 25, 1916, and marked “no. 20”, paratype. Type: Cat. No. 74, Bishop Museum. 75. Sierola koebelei n.sp. @ shining black, almost brilliant, antenne brown, fuscous outwardly, legs fuscous, tibiz and tarsi brown. £10 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; finely, shallowly, somewhat sparsely punctate, and hairy. Head longer than wide by one-half, width between the eyes equalling the length from eye to vertex: rather flat above, convex beneath, the greatest depth at the mid- dle; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne scarcely longer than the head, pedicel a little longer than wide, following seg- ments as wide as long or nearly so, antennal fossee deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennze; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; eula and sides of the head convex, medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen elon- eate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected by Koebele on Oahu. Type: Cat. No. 75, Bishop Museum. 76. Sierola longiceps u.sp. 9 shining black, head and thorax a little dull; antennze brown basally, fuscous outwardly, trochanters, tibiz, tarsi and apex of femora yellowish brown, mandibles reddish at apex. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and close reticulate sur- face sculpture; finely, shallowly and closely punctate; rather thickly clothed with long silvery hairs. Head nearly twice as long as wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; flat on top, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye: vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennz reach- ing the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fossz deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flat, the for- mer medially foreshortened, a little longer than wide, narrowing behind, the median groove entirely effaced, anterior margin straight, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugulose; abdomen short ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, 4000 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, October, 1915. Type: Cat. No. 76, Bishop Museum. 77. Sterola rugulosa n.sp. 2 dull shining black, antennz yellowish brown, fuscous outwardly, legs fuscous, mandibles brown except at the base. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine, fairly coarse reticulate surface sculpture, coarser on the head; coarsely, shallowly and rather closely punctate; thinly clothed with silvery hairs. Head longer | 56 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. III than wide by a half, width between the eyes equalling the length from eye to vertex; length in front of the eyes not great; convex above and beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennez not much longer than the head, pedicel twice as long as wide, first six funicle segments as wide as long, the following segments longer than wide, antennal fossee deep; clypeus short, carinate, almost vertically depressed and project- ing slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, the carina extending backward a little on the top of the head; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula convex, a little fore- shortened medially, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised, sides of the head flat; propodeum finely sculptured, brilliant; abdo- men elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 2.2 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Palolo Hill trail, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, April 7, 1916, and numbered 16. Type: Cat. No. 77, Bishop Museum. 25 78. Sierola brevicauda n.sp. Q@ shining black, a little dull; antennz yellowish brown at the base, out- wardly fuscous, legs fuscous basally, outwardly yellowish brown, mandibles reddish apically. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, coarser on the head, very delicate on the scutellum: closely, shallowly and fairly coarsely punctate and hairy. Head longer than wide by a half, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, convex beneath; ver- tical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the scutellum, all the segments longer than wide, pedicel more than twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and pro- jecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head to the anterior margin of the eyes; mandibles slender, curved, twisted and flattened out- wardly, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head rather flat, the former narrowing behind, where it is indis- tinctly divided into two lobes by a shallow median depression, anterior mar- gin almost straight; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen short ovate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type) collected in Nuuanu Valley, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, March 4, 1912. Type: Cat. No. 78, Bishop Museum. 79. Sterola kilauea n.sp. ? dull shining black, legs and antennz yellowish brown, the latter fus- cous outwardly, the former fuscous basally, mandibles reddish at apex. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and close reticulate sur- face sculpture; finely, shallowly and closely punctate; clothed with fairly long silvery hairs. Head somewhat longer than wide, widest across the eves, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes more than the | 57 112 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, a little tumid beneath, deep- est under the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly con- vex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, pedicel and funicle more than twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus reduced by erosion from the sides to a thin carinate ridge, almost vertically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former nearly as wide as long, narrowing posteriorly, anterior margin arcu- ately concave, posterior margin incised, median groove shallow; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, as long as the head and thorax together, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, 4000 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, June 7, 1908, and numbered 7. Type: Cat. No. 79, Bishop Museum. 80. Sierola olympiana n.sp. @ dull shining black, antennze yellowish brown, fuscous outwardly, legs fuscous, tibiz: and tarsi yellowish brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, coarser on the head; closely and coarsely punctate ; clothed with fairly stiff silvery hairs. Head longer than wide by a half, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical mar- gin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne reaching the meso- scutum, all the segments a little longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the anterior margin of the eyes; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the latter smooth and polished, the former longer than wide, narrowing behind, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propo- deum finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings sub- infuscate; length 2.25 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype). Type from Mt. Olym- pus, Oahu, collected by P. H. Timberlake, June 18, 1916. Second specimen, collected by Mr. Timberlake on the Cooke Trail, Nuuanu Valley, January 7, IQI7, paratype. Type: Cat. No. 80, Bishop Museum. 81. Sierola tenebriosa n.sp. @ dull shining black, legs and antenne yellowish brown, the latter fus- cous outwardly, mandibles except at the base, and apex of the clypeus red- dish brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and | 58] New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. ria i delicate reticulate surface sculpture; very finely, shallowly and somewhat remotely punctate; hairy clothing sparse and delicate. Head not much longer than wide, width between the eyes twice the length from eye to ver- tex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath, the great- est depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin slightly convex, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles slender, curved, trun- cate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen short ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and _ polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype). Type from Mt. Olympus, Oahu, collected by P. H. Timberlake, July 31, 1917. Second speci- men collected by D. T. Fullaway on the Cooke Trail, Nuuanu Valley, August 20, 1916, paratype. Type: Cat. No. 81, Bishop Museum. 82. Sierola capuana n.sp. @ dull shining black, legs and antennz luteous, the latter fuscous out- wardly, mandibles yellowish brown. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and close reticulate sur- face sculpture; fairly coarsely and closely punctate and hairy. Head a little longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to ver- tex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex, antenne a little longer than the head, all the segments a little longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles rather slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touch- ing the eye above: gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin nearly straight, pos- terior margin incised, median groove nearly effaced; abdomen short ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline, length 2.25 mms. 6 smaller, head a little shorter, abdomen bluntly pointed. Described from three females and one male (type, allotype and para- types) from Niu, Oahu. Type reared from the larva of Capua cassia by O. H. Swezey, May 16, 1909; allotype and paratypes from the larva of Archips longiplicatus, June 27, 1909. Type: Cat. No. 82, Bishop Museum. | 50 | 114 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 83. Sierola megalops n.sp. 2 shining black, the head dull; legs and antenne basally light yellow- ish brown, the latter outwardly fuscous, mandibles reddish apically. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, coarser on the head; finely, shallowly and fairly close- ly punctate, hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head a little longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing in front and behind, width between the eyes nearly twice the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin slightly convex, temples rounded, eyes con- vex; antennz reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments considerably longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennze: mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin straight, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, smooth and shining: wings hyaline; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected in Manoa Valley, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, July 209, 10917. Type: Cat. No. 83, Bishop Museum. 84. Sierola vestita n.sp. 9 dull shining black, legs testaceous, front and hind femora fuscous out- wardly, antennz brown, fuscous apically. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and close reticulate surface sculpture; finely and very closely punctate; hairy clothing long and thick. Head longer than wide by the length in front of the eyes, widest across the posterior end of the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples round- ed, eyes flat, antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus reduced by erosion from the sides to a thin, carinate ridge, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennz; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reach- ing the eye; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, apically acumi- nate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected in the Waianae mountains, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, March 5, tort. Type: Cat. No. 84, Bishop Museum. | 60 J New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 115 85. Sierola mauiensis n.sp. @ dull shining black, legs yellowish brown, the femora infuscate, an- tenn brown to fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and close reticulate sur- face sculpture; finely, shallowly and closely punctate, and hairy. Head a little longer than wide, widest across the posterior end of the eyes, narrow- ing behind and in front, width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to vertex: flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennez a little longer than the head, pedicel about twice as long as wide, following segments scarcely longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus reduced by erosion from the sides to a thin, carinate ridge, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennze; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, narrowing behind, anterior margin straight, a shallow depression along the median line posteriorly, the margin incised; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate ; length 2.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Maui, by Koebele. Type: Cat. No. 85, Bishop Museum. 86. Sierola rufignatha n.sp. @ dull shining black, legs, clypeus apically and antenne basally luteous, the last outwardly fuscous, mandibles reddish brown except at the base. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; finely, shallowly and remotely punctate, hairy cloth- ing sparse, punctuation coarser on the head. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes exceeding the length from eye to vertex; convex above, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the eye; vertical margin slightly convex, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching almost to the scutellum, all the segments longer than wide, the pedicel and first funicle segment twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed a little and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending back- ward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles large, fairly stout, bent at basal third, the distal portion flattened, obliquely truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; sides of the head and gula in front flatly convex, the latter tumid behind, medially fore- shortened, the anterior margin arcuate, posterior margin incised; propo- deum coarsely rugulose, with a smooth area at the base medially; abdomen short ovate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type) collected in Nuuanu Valley, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, August 20, 1916. Type: Cat. No. 86, Bishop Museum. [ 61 ] 116 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 87. Sierola lugens n.sp. 9 shining black, a little dull on the head, legs and antenne luteous, mandibles yellowish brown. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, a little coarser on the head; finely, closely and shallowly punctate, and hairy. Head wider than the thorax, a little longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing a little behind and in front, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex; flat on top, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath, deepest under the posterior end of the eye but without great depth; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennze not much longer than the head, pedicel nearly twice as long as wide, the following segments scarcely longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; cly- peus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the ante- rior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, as wide in front as long but narrowing behind where the margin is incised and the median line a little depressed, anterior margin straight; abdomen a little depressed, elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. $a little smaller, the head shorter and hardly as flat, the abdomen bluntly pointed apically. Described from one female and two males (type, allotype and paratype) collected at Opaeula, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, March 30, 1913. Type: Cat. No. 87, Bishop Museum. 88. Sierola swezeyi n.sp. @ shining black, the head a little dull; trochanters, tibia, tarsi and antennz basally yellowish brown, the last fuscous outwardly. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, a little coarser on the head: fairly closely and coarsely punctate; hairy clothing long, thin, and delicate. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennz reaching the scutellum, all the segments considerably longer than wide, antennal fossze deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye: gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, longer than wide, narrowing behind, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugu- lose; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, nearly hya- line; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Konahuanui Peak, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, February 23, 1914. Type: Cat. No. 88, Bishop Museum. [ 62 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 167 89. Sierola eucrena n.sp. @ dull shining black, legs and antenne brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, a little coarser on the head, very delicate on the scu- tellum; coarsely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate, and hairy. Head a little longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing in front and behind, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus reduced by erosion from the sides to a thin, carinate ridge, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles slender, curved, trun- cate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; sides of the head flat, gula flatly convex, medially foreshortened, wider than long, narrowing behind, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propo- deum rugulose, with a median longitudinal line dorsally: abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pig- mentation; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Hawaii by Koebele. Type: Cat. No. 80, Bishop Museum. go. Sierola ehrhorni n.sp. @ shining black, a little dull on the head; antennz fuscous, trochanters, tibiz and tarsi yellowish brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, a little coarser on the head; fairly closely, shallowly and finely punctate; hairy clothing rather short and erect. Head a little longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin nearly straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne broken a little beyond the mid- dle, the segments of the stumps all longer than wide, antennal fossze deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending back- ward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, scarcely as long as wide, narrowing behind, median groove nearly effaced, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely ru- gulose: abdomen short ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint fuscous pigmentation; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, 4000 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, in January, 1916. Type: Cat. No. 90, Bishop Museum. | 63 | 118 New Species of Sicrola, With Explanatory Notes. gt. Sierola kaduana u.sp. ? dull shining black, antenne fuscous, legs luteous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; uniformly, closely and shallowly punctate, and hairy; the sculpture and punctuation coarser on the head, the hairy clothing short, stiff and silvery white. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; flat above, convex beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne a little longer than the head, pedicel longer than wide, the following segments hardly so, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles long, curved, slender at the base, the distal portion flattened, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, poste- rior margin incised; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subin- fuscate, with a faint fuscous pigmentation; length 2.5 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype) collected at Mala- malama, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, July 28th, ror8, on Kadua acumi- nata. Type: Cat. No. 91, Bishop Museum. g2. Sierola gracilariae n.sp. @ shining black, the head dull: legs luteous, antenne brown to fus- cous, mandibles reddish apically. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; finely and closely punctate, and hairy. Head a little longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne a little longer than the head, pedicel longer than wide, the following segments as wide as long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles long, curved, slender at the base, the distal portion flattened, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised, depressed along the median line; propodeum very finely rugulose; abdomen. shortly ovate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 2 mms. ga little smaller, head shorter, mandibles and first four antennal segments luteous, abdomen bluntly pointed at the apex. Described from one female and two males (type, allotype and para- type) from Niu, Oahu, reared by O. H. Swezey from the larva of Gra- cilaria mabaella, December 11, IgtIo. Type: Cat. No. 92, Bishop Museum. [ 64 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 119 93. Sierola incita n.sp. @ dull shining black; legs, antenne, clypeus and mandibles yellowish brown, the mandibles black at the base and reddish apically. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, very delicate on the thorax; shallowly, closely and somewhat coarse- ly punctate, the punctuation on the thorax very fine; hairy clothing short and delicate. Head a little wider than the thorax, longer than wide by a half, width between the eyes equalling the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; convex above and_ beneath, depressed in front; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennz a little longer than the head, all the segments a little longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and pro- jecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennze; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula convex, not much fore- shortened, anterior and posterior margins arcuately concave; abdomen ovate, depressed, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on the Palolo Hill trail, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, April 4, 1916. Type: Cat. No. 93, Bishop Museum. 94. Sierola cryptophlebiae n.sp. @ dull shining black; legs and antenne yellowish brown, mandibles reddish apically. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; fairly closely, finely and shallowly punctate: hairy clothing short and delicate. Head longer than wide by more than a half, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; flat above, depressed in front, convex beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennz scarcely longer than the head, pedicel a little longer than wide, the following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula convex, medially foreshortened, as wide as long, closely punctate, median groove effaced, anterior margin arcuately con- cave, posterior margin incised; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 2.5 mms. Described from six females (type and paratypes). Five 2 9, including type, from Tantalus, Oahu, reared from the larva of Cryptophlebia illepida, by D. T. Fullaway, June to, 1910. Four of these specimens and one @ from S. E. Koolau mountains, collected by J. C. Bridwell in 1913, paratypes. Type: Cat. No. 94, Bishop Museum. [ 65 ] 120 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 95. Sterola polita n.sp. @ dull shining black; legs and antennze brown, the latter fuscous out- wardly, the former basally. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; shallowly, closely and fairly coarsely punctate, and hairy. Head longer than wide by a half, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; flat above, depressed in front, convex beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne not much longer than the head, pedicel longer than wide, following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles stout, curved, concavo- convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula convex, somewhat foreshortened medially, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised, median groove nearly effaced; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 2.25 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype) collected at Kuliouou, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, June 25, 1916. Type: Cat. No. 95, Bishop Museum. 96. Sierola lanihuliana n.sp. @ dull shining black; legs and antennze fuscous, the former yellowish brown outwardly, the latter basally; mandibles reddish brown except at the base. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, much coarser on the head; shallowly, closely and rather coarsely punctate on the head, the punctuation finer on the thorax; hairy clothing inconspicuous. Head wider than the thorax, a little longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; flat above, tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennz reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye, lower angle protuberant; gula convex, medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Lanihuli, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, September 3, 1918. Type: Cat. No. 96, Bishop Museum. 97. Sierola nigrita n.sp. @ dull shining black; legs and antennz fuscous, the latter more or less | 66 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 121 brown at the base, the former brown outwardly; mandibles reddish apically. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; fairly closely, finely and shallowly punctate; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great: convex above and beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne no longer than the head, the pedicel longer than wide, the following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fossze deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and _ projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula convex, somewhat foreshortened medially, as wide as long, with a shallow depression along the median line, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen ovate, smooth and _ polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Opaeula, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, March 30, 1913. Type: Cat. No. 97, Bishop Museum. 98. Sierola hillebrandi n.sp. @ dull shining black; legs luteous, antenne yellowish brown, fuscous outwardly. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; finely, shallowly and closely punctate; hairy clothing inconspicuous. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; convex above and beneath, depressed in front; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex: antenne reaching the mesoscutum, segments of the flagellum with the exception of the third, longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles stout, curved, concavo- convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula convex, medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised, median groove effaced; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings infuscate; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Hillebrand’s Glen, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, November 17, 1912. Type: Cat. No. 98, Bishop Museum. 99. Sierola affinis n.sp. 2 dull shining black; legs and antennz basally luteous, the latter fus- cous apically and the middle and hind femora infuscate. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, coarser on the head; coarsely, shallowly and closely [ 67 | 122 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. punctate, and hairy. Head wider than the thorax, a little longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; convex above and beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne a little longer than the head, pedicel twice as long as wide, first, second and third funicle segments longer than wide, following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fossee deep; clypeus short and flat, longitudinally carinate down the middle, apically depressed and projecting very slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping a little at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne ; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base almost touching the eye above; gula convex, medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propo- deum finely rugulose; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 2.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kuliouou, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, December 12, 1918. Type: Cat. No. 99, Bishop Museum. 100. Sierola opogonae n.sp. ? dull black, opaque; legs and antennz luteous, the latter fuscous api- cally, the former basally. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and close reticulate surface sculpture, a little coarser on the head; finely, closely and shallowly punctate; hairy clothing long, delicate and ample. Head a little longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes somewhat more than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne a little longer than the head, pedicel less than twice as long as wide, the following segments as long as or a little longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne ; mandibles slender, curved, concayo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula convex, medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin deeply incised, median groove nearly effaced; propodeum finely rugulose, flat dor- sally; abdomen short ovate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 2.25 mms. 6 smaller, head a little shorter, mandibles luteous, abdomen bluntly pointed at the apex. Described from two females and one male (type, allotype and para- type) from Tantalus mountain, Oahu, reared by J. C. Bridwell from Opo- gona larva on Clermoutia. The parasitized larva was collected May 26, 1918, cocoons were formed by May 27, adults appeared June 5. Type: Cat. No. 100, Bishop Museum. | 68 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 1 ww 1ol. Svierola luteipes n.sp. 2 dull black, opaque; legs and antennz basally luteous, the latter fus- cous apically; mandibles fuscous except at the base; abdomen somewhat piceous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, a little coarser on the head; finely, shallowly and somewhat remotely and sparsely punctate; hairy clothing inconspicuous. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; flatly con- vex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly con- vex; antenne a little longer than the head, pedicel and first funicle segment a little longer than wide, the following segments as wide as long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles fairly slen- der, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye, lower angle protuberant; gula convex, medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propo- deum rugose, convex above; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected in Palolo Valley, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, September 3, 1906. Type: Cat. No. tor, Bishop Museum. 102. Sverola pilifera n.sp. 2 dull black, opaque; legs brown, scape and pedicel of antennz luteous, the following segments fuscous; mandibles reddish brown except at base. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and close reticulate surface sculpture, a little coarser on the head; very finely, shal- lowly and closely punctate; hairy clothing long, delicate and ample. Head somewhat longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes somewhat more than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, convex beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the meso- scutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base almost touching the eye above, lower angle protuberant; gula flatly convex, medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised, sides of the head flat and polished in the middle; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen elongate ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, nearly hyaline; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Makaha, Oahu, by W. M. Giffard, November 5, 1905. Type: Cat. No. 102, Bishop Museum. | 69 | 124 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 103. Sierola sericea n.sp. 9 dull black, opaque; legs and antennz basally brown, the front cox and the antennze outwardly fuscous; mandibles reddish apically. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and close reticulate surface sculpture, a little coarser on the head; very finely, shallowly and closely punctate; hairy clothing long, delicate and rather thick, that on the antennze sericeous. Head longer than wide by a half, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex: antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above, lower angle protuberant; gula and sides of the head flat, the former longer than wide, narrowing behind, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin deeply incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen elliptical, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Olinda, Maui, 4200 ft. elevation, by Giffard and Fullaway, May 13, 1018. Type: Cat. No. 103, Bishop Museum. 104. Sierola robusta n.sp. @ dull black, opaque; legs and antenne yellowish brown, the femora infuscate; mandibles reddish apically. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and close reticulate surface sculpture, a little coarser on the head; finely, shal- lowly and closely punctate; hairy clothing long, delicate and ample. Head longer than wide by the length in front of the eyes, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes somewhat more than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the eye; vertical margin slightly con- cave, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne broken, basal segments all longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending back- ward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles slender, curved, concavo- convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye; gula anteriorly and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, longer than wide, narrowing posteriorly, where it is more convex, anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin incised, median groove effaced; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate: length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Opaeula, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, March 30, 1913. Type: Cat. No. 104, Bishop Museum. [ 70 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 125 105. Sierola setosa n.sp. Q dull black, the head opaque; legs and antenne brown, the femora a little infuscate; mandibles reddish brown except at the base. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and close reticulate sur- face sculpture, coarser on the head; coarsely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate, the punctuation en the thorax finer; clothed with stiff silvery white hairs. Head a little longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowmg behind and in front, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eye not great; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the pos- terior end of the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex ; antenne a little longer than the head, all the segments longer than wide, pedicel nearly twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint fuscous pigmentation ; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on the Palolo Hill trail, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, April 9, 1916. Type: Cat. No. 105, Bishop Museum. 106. Sierola batrachedrae u.sp. @ shining brown to fuscous, prothorax and abdomen basally yellowish brown; legs, antenne and mandibles luteous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture: finely, shallowly and somewhat remotely punctate; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head nearly as broad as long, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; flatly convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin slightly convex, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne not much longer than the head, pedicel a little longer than wide, the following segments all as wide as or wider than long, antennal fossee deep; clypeus short, carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennze; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above, lower lobe protuberant ; sula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, a little longer than wide, narrowing behind, anterior margin arcuately concave, pos- terior margin incised; abdomen elliptical, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 1.5 mms. $ smaller; antennze more slender, the six last segments longer than wide: abdomen bluntly pointed at apex. Described from a series of males and females (type, allotype and para- types) from Palolo Ridge, Oahu, reared by O. H. Swezey, September 4, 191. [71 ] 120 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. from the larva of a species of Batrachedra infesting a fern (Acrostichum sp.). Type: Cat. No. 106, Bishop Museum. 107. Sierola similarts n.sp. 9 shining black, a little dull on the head; prothorax, legs, antenne and mandibles yellowish brown. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, a little coarser on the head; finely, shallowly, fairly closely punctate, and hairy. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; flat above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennz reach- ing the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, pedicel more than twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula convex, not much foreshortened, anterior and posterior margins arcuately concave; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Waimano, Oahu, by O. fi. Swezey, January 5, 1913. x Type: Cat. No. 107, Bishop Museum. 108. Sierola fossulata n.sp. 2? shining black; mandibles, coxe, femora, and flagellum of the anten- nz fuscous, trochanters, tibia, tarsi and scape of the antenne yellowish brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture: coarsely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate; clothed with short, fairly stiff white hairs. Head wider than the thorax, as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes nearly twice the length from eye to vertex; convex above, tumid beneath, the depth beneath the eye equal to the length behind the eye; ver- tical margin slightly convex, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennz reach- ing the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, the pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus more or less convex, indistinctly carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles slender, bent and twisted at the middle, the distal portion flattened, trun- cate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, median line with a deep sulcus posteriorly, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised, the lower lobe of the base of the mandibles deeply notching the anterior margin at the side; propodeum rugose and dull; abdomen ovate, [ 72] New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 127 apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on the Kaumuohona Trail, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, September 9, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 108, Bishop Museum. 10g. Sierola fusca n.sp. 2 shining black, legs and antennz fuscous, coxze and femora nearly black, trochanters, tibize and tarsi sordid yellowish brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and shallow reticulate surface sculpture; coarsely and rather remotely punctate and hairy. Head nearly as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex; flat above, convex beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin slightly convex, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennze reaching the scutellum, all the segments twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus reduced by erosion from the sides to a thin, carinate ridge, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye above; gula flatly convex, a little foreshortened medial- ly, anterior and posterior margins arcuately concave; propodeum rugulose ; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint fuscous pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Kaala Mountain, Oahu, 1500-2500 ft. elevation, by P. H. Timberlake, July 9, 1016. Type: Cat. No. 109, Bishop Museum. 110. Sierola croceipes n.sp. @ shining black; legs, mandibles except at the base, and antenne basally croceous, the antenne outwardly fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; finely, shallowly and somewhat remotely punctate; clothed with short, stiff silver gray hairs. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes greater by a half than the length from eye to vertex; flat above, tumid beneath, depth beneath the posterior end of the eye equalling the length from eye to vertex: vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne almost reaching the scutellum, all the segments considerably longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former not much foreshortened, nearly as long as wide, narrowing behind, anterior and posterior margins arcuately concave; propodeum rugu- lose; abdomen elongate ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and _ polished; Ines 128 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation, radial cell incomplete; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, 20 miles, by W. M. Giffard, January, 1915. Type: Cat. No. 110, Bishop Museum. 111. Sierola puuwaawaa u.sp. 9 shining black, legs and antenne basally yellowish brown, the latter fuscous outwardly from the scape. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, very delicate on the thorax; coarsely and somewhat remotely punctate; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes greater by a half than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments considerably longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, api- cally depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles fairly slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye above, lower lobe protuberant; gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugulose, a triangular area at the base smooth; abdomen elongate ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint fuscous pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype) collected at Puuwaa- waa, N. Kona, Hawaii, 3700-3800 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, August 24, 1917. Type numbered 14. Type: Cat. No. 111, Bishop Museum. 112. Sierola minuscula n.sp. @ shining black, legs and antennze Iuteous to yellowish brown, mandibles reddish brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; fairly coarsely and remotely punctate and hairy. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; convex above and beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne a little longer than the head, pedicel nearly twice as long as wide, following segments all a little longer than wide, antennal fossz deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula convex, nearly flat, a little wider than long, anterior margin straight, posterior margin incised, median groove nearly effaced; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen short ovate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 1.75 mms. [74] New Species of Sicrola, With Explanatory Notes. 129 Described from one female (type) collected on Kaala, Waianae Moun- tains, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, August 11, 1912. Type: Cat. No. 112, Bishop Museum. 113. Sverola anemophila n.sp. @ shining black, antennze and femora fuscous, trochanters, tibize and tarsi yellowish brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; finely, shallowly and remotely punctate; hairy cloth- ing delicate and grayish white. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex; flat on top, depressed in front, tumid beneath; vertical margin slightly convex, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne longer than the head, all the segments longer than wide the pedicel nearly twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and pro- jecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angu- late, not transverse, declivous at the sides; mandibles slender, curved, trun- cate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye above, lower lobe protuberant; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the latter polished, the former somewhat foreshortened medially, as wide as long, anterior mar- gin nearly straight, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose ; abdomen short ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings sub- infuscate, with a faint fuscous pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at the Nuuanu Pali, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, April 1, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 113, Bishop Museum. 114. Sierola brunneipennis n.sp. Q shining black, antenne and legs from the femora outwardly brown to fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and shallow reticulate surface sculpture; finely and somewhat remotely punctate, hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, nar- rowing behind and in front, width between the eyes nearly twice the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye ; vertical mar- gin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennz not much longer than the head, all the segments as wide as long, antennal fossze deep; cly- peus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the ante- rior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; man- dibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above, lower lobe slightly protuberant; sides of the head and the gula in front flat, the latter wider than long, narrowing behind, where it is convex, with a slight depression along the median line, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and shining; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation ; length 2.25 mms. [75] 130 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. Described from one female (type) collected on Kaala Mountain, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey September 7, 1913. Type: Cat. No. 114, Bishop Museum. 115. Sterola mandibulata n.sp. 2 particolored, the head and posterior half of the thorax shining black, prothorax, mesoscutum and abdomen yellowish brown; legs luteous, man- dibles and antennz yellowish brown, the former black at the base, the latter fuscous outwardly. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, a little coarse, but shallow, on the head; coarsely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate; clothed with short, stiff white hairs. Head nearly as wide as long, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; convex above, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments with the exception of the second and third of the funicle longer than wide, pedicel and first funicular segment nearly twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles stout, bent and twisted at the middle, the distal portion flattened, truncate apically and toothed, base touch- ing the eye above; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former a little foreshortened medially, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately con- cave, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen elon- gate ovate, smooth and polished: wings subinfuscate, with a faint fuscous pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Niu Ridge, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, February Io, 1018. Type: Cat. No. 115, Bishop Museum. 116. Sverola tuberculata n.sp. @ shining black, the legs and antennze yellowish brown to fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and shallow reticulate surface sculpture; fairly coarsely, shallowly and remotely punctate; clothed with fairly long silvery gray hairs. Head as wide as long, width between the eves twice the length from eye to vertex; convex above, tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; ver- tical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles fairly stout, bent at outer third, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above, lower lobe protuberant; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, narrowing behind, where it is divided into two lobes by a deep median sulcus, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugulose; [ 76 ] New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. ui abdomen short ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected in the Waianae Mountains, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, March 5, 1911. Type: Cat. No. 116, Bishop Museum. 117. Sierola nigra n.sp. @ shining black, the legs fuscous basally, tibie, tarsi and antenne yel- lowish brown, mandibles reddish brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and shallow reticulate surface sculpture; extremely finely and fairly closely punc- tate; clothed with short, delicate grayish hairs. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes greater by a half than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne nearly reaching the scutellum, pedi- cel and first funicle segment twice as long as wide, following segments all a little longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, carinate, api- cally depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reach- ing the eye above, lower lobe slightly protuberant; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, narrowing behind, where there is a slight depression along the median line, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugulose; abdomen short ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings sub- infuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Kaala Mountain, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, August II, 1912. Type: Cat. No. 117, Bishop Museum. 118. Sierola manoa n.sp. @ shining black, the head somewhat dull; legs reddish brown, man- dibles and antennz yellowish brown, the former black at the base, the latter fuscous outwardly. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; fairly coarsely and remotely punctate, and hairy. Head nearly as wide as long, width between the eyes about twice the length from eye to vertex; flat above, depressed in front, convex beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the meso- scutum, all the segments longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles fairly stout, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye above, lower lobe protuberant ; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider iz) 132 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. than long, narrowing behind where there is a slight depression along the median line, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugulose; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Manoa Ridge, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, February 13, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 118, Bishop Museum. 119. Sverola lata u.sp. @ shining black, the legs and antennze brown to fuscous, femora fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and delicate reticulate surface sculpture; fairly closely and finely punctate, and hairy. Head wider than the thorax, as wide as long, width between the eyes greater by a half than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; flatly convex above, convex beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne a little longer than the head, pedicel longer than wide, the following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula flatly convex, a little foreshortened medially, wider than long, with a depression along the median line, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugulose, with a smooth triangular area at the base; abdomen elongate ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfus- cate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Olympus Mountain, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, January 21, 1912. Type: Cat. No. 119, Bishop Museum. 120. Sierola fuliginosa n.sp. @ shining black, the legs fuscous basally, yellowish brown from the apex of the femora outwardly, antennze yellowish brown basally, fuscous apically, mandibles apically reddish. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; fairly coarsely, shallowly and closely punctate, and hairy. Head nearly as wide as long, width between the eyes greater by a half than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, convex beneath; vertical margin slightly convex, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep: clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending back- ward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concavo- convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised, median groove [ 78 ] New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 133 nearly effaced; propodeum coarsely rugulose; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Mt. Kaala, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, July 4, 19106. Type: Cat. No. 120, Bishop Museum. 121. Svzerola vulcana n.sp. @-shining black, the legs and antenne fuscous, trochanters, apex of femora, tibie and tarsi brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; coarsely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate, and hairy. Head nearly as wide as long, width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; flat above, depressed in front, convex beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne reaching the scutellum, all the segments twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles stout, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye above, lower lobe protuberant; gula flatly convex, medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings with a yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, lumber camp, 4000 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, July 10, 1918. Type: Cat. No. 121, Bishop Museum. 122. Sierola nigrans n.sp. @ dull shining black, the legs outwardly fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and close reticulate sur- face sculpture; finely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate, and hairy. Head as wide as long, width between the eyes nearly twice the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennz reaching the scutellum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and _ pro- jecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennze; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, narrowing behind, ante- rior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised, median groove nearly effaced; abdomen ovate, reticulately sculptured and shining; wings infuscate, with a faint fuscous pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kahuku, Kau, Hawaii, 1800 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, January 14, 19109. Type: Cat. No. 122, Bishop Museum. [79 | 134 New Speeies of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 123. Sierola olinda n.sp. 9 dull shining black, the head nearly opaque; legs fuscous, tibie and tarsi fuscous brown; antennz yellowish brown basally, fuscous apically. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, very delicate on the thorax, coarser on the head; finely and fairly closely punctate, and hairy. Head nearly as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, first to fifth funicular segments hardly longer than wide, the following segments a little longer, pedicel nearly twice as long as wide, an- tennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne ; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reach- ing the eye; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshort- ened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 2.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Olinda, Maui, 4200 ft. elevation, by Giffard and Fullaway, May 12 and 13, 1018. Type: Cat. No. 123, Bishop Museum. 124. Siterola indecora u.sp. @ dull shining black, trochanters, tibia and tarsi brown, antenne fus- cous. 7 Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, very delicate on the scutellum and propodeum, coarser on the head; coarsely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate, and hairy except on the propodeum. Head nearly as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrow- ing behind and in front, width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; verti- cal margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne ; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, narrowing behind, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen short ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pig- mentation; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, 4000 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, October, rors. Type: Cat. No. 124, Bishop Museum. [ 80 ] New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 135 125. Sierola nubila n.sp. © dull shining black, trochanters, tibiz, tarsi and antennz fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; fairly closely and finely punctate, and hairy. Head nearly as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes greater by one-half than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth behind the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennz reaching the mesoscutum, pedicel and first funicular segment longer than wide, the following segments hardly so, antennal fossee deep; clypeus cari- nate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior mar- gin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles curved, slender, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, narrowing behind, anterior margin straight, posterior margin incised, median groove nearly effaced; abdomen ovate, api- cally acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a very faint fuscous pigmentation; length 2.1 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, 4000 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, January 11, 19109. Type: Cat. No. 125, Bishop Museum. 126. Sierola epagogeana n.sp. 2 dull shining black, the legs luteous, antenne yellowish brown, man- dibles brown outwardly. Thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculpture, very delicate on the scutellum and propodeum, close and shallow on the meso- scutum and pronotum, coarser on the head; coarsely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate on the head, the punctuation on the thorax much finer; clothed with silvery white hairs. Head nearly as wide as long, widest across the posterior end of the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin slightly convex, temples round- ed, eyes convex; antenne a little longer than the head, all the segments longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fossze deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne: mandibles rather slender, curved, outwardly somewhat flat- tened, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; pro- podeum short, posterior face flat; abdomen short ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type) from Kaumuohona Trail, Oahu, reared by O. H. Swezey from the larva of Epagoge infaustana, December 18, IQIo. Type: Cat. No. 126, Bishop Museum. | 81 J 136 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 127. Sierola abusa n.sp. 9 dull shining black, legs, antennz and outer half of mandibles yellow- ish brown, somewhat infuscate. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; finely, shallowly and rather closely punctate, and hairy. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes nearly twice the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; convex above, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennz reaching the mesoscutum, the pedicel and first and second funicular segments longer than wide, the following segments as wide as long or nearly so, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; egula and sides of the head convex, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Palolo Hill Trail, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, April 9, 1916. Type: Cat. No. 127, Bishop Museum. 128. Sierola similis n.sp. @ shining black, the head dull; legs and first three segments of anten- ne luteous, the antennze fuscous outwardly, mandibles reddish apically. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, somewhat remotely and shallowly punctate, the sculp- ture and punctuation of the head coarser than that of the thorax; clothed with silvery white hairs. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, nar- rowing behind and in front, width between the eyes nearly twice the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennz reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, the pedicel and first funicle segment twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and _ projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles slen- der, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, as long as wide, anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen short ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Mt. Kaala, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, August I1, 1912. Type: Cat. No. 128, Bishop Museum. [ 82 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 137 129. Siterola flavipes n.sp. @ shining black, the head, pronotum, mesoscutum posteriorly and the scutellum dull; legs and basal segments of the antenne flavous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and close reticulate surface sculpture, the mesoscutum anteriorly and the propodeum more delicately sculptured, the former nearly smooth; finely, closely and shallowly punctate ; clothed with long silvery white hairs. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes more than twice the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennz reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, the pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fossee deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennze; mandibles fairly slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base reaching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, narrowing behind, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin incised, a shallow sulcus posteriorly on the median line, the furrow nearly effaced in front ; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Tantalus Mountain, Oahu, elevation 1300 ft., by W. M. Giffard, April 4, 1905. Type: Cat. No. 129, Bishop Museum. 130. Sverola amica n.sp. 2 shining black, the head dull; legs and antenne basally yellowish brown, the latter fuscous outwardly. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, very delicate on the thorax, a little coarser on the head; coarsely, shallowly and remotely punctate, the punctuation on the thorax finer; hairy clothing sparse and delicate. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne reaching the scutellum, all the seg- ments longer than wide, pedicel and first to third funicular segments twice as long as wide, antennal fossze deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head convex, the former not very much foreshortened medially, longer than wide, a slight depression along the median line posteriorly, the groove nearly effaced in front, anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugulose: abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and_pol- ished; wings subinfuscate, with a very faint yellowish brown pigmentation ; length 2.75 mms. [ 83 ] 138 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. Described from two females (type and paratype) collected on Kaala Mountain, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, September 7, 1913, and August I1, 1912, respectively. Type: Cat. No. 130, Bishop Museum. 131. Sierola quadriceps n.sp. @ dull shining black, legs and antenne basally yellowish brown, the lat- ter fuscous outwardly. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, coarser on the head; coarsely, shallowly and remotely punctate, the punctuation on the thorax rather fine; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes greater by a half than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin slightly convex, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex ; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, anten- nal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not trans- verse, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin nearly: straight, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished: wings subinfuscate; length 2.1 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Puuwaawaa, N. Kona, Hawaii, 3700 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, August, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 131, Bishop Museum. 132. Sierola williamsi n.sp. Q@ dull shining black, trochanters, front femora, apex of middle and hind femora, tibiz, tarsi, antenne basally and mandibles except at the base yellowish brown, antennz outwardly fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, a little coarser on the head than on the thorax; finely, shallowly and remotely punctate; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head as wide as long, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennz reaching the mesoscutum, all the seg- ments longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, carinate, apically depressed, almost perpendicular, and_pro- jecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; man- dibles fairly stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, a slight depression in the median line posteriorly, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised ; propodeum rugulose; abdomen depressed, ovate, smooth and polished; wings fuscous; length 2 mms. [ 84] New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 139 Described from one female (type) collected on Alewa Heights Trail, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, March 26, 1916. Type: Cat. No. 132, Bishop Museum. 133. Sierola kaalensis n.sp. @ dull shining black, the legs, antennz basally and the mandibles except at the base luteous, the antennz fuscous outwardly. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, coarser on the head: coarsely and closely punctate, the punctuation on the thorax finer; hairy clothing delicate but fairly long. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments considerably longer than wide, pedicel and first funicle segment twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concayo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially fore- shortened, wider than long, a depression along the median groove poste- riorly, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propo- deum finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Kaala Mountain, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, July 22, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 133, Bishop Museum. 134. Sierola imparata n.sp. @ dull shining black, legs, antennz basally and the mandibles yellowish brown, antenne outwardly fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; finely, shallowly and closely punctate, and_ hairy. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin slightly convex, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne nearly reaching the scu- tellum, all the segments considerably longer than wide, antennal fossze deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles stout, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugulose; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3 mms. [ 85 ] 140 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawai, dry forest, 4000 ft. elevation by W. M. Giffard, August I, I91T. Type: Cat. No. 134, Bishop Museum. 135. Sicrola pembertoni n.sp. 9 dull shining black, legs and antennal scape brown, antennz outwardly infuscate. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and delicate reticulate surface sculpture; closely, shallowly and finely punctate, and hairy. Head almost as wide as long, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, convex beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne a little longer than the head, the pedicel twice as long as wide, the following seg- ments hardly longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, api- cally depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula flat, medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised, sides of the head convex; pro- podeum very finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Tantalus Mountain, Oahu, 1300 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, February 12, 1905. Type: Cat. No. 135, Bishop Museum. 136. Sierola lacessita n.sp. @ dull shining black, legs yellowish brown, antenne yellowish brown to fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, coarser on the head; coarsely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate, the punctuation finer on the thorax; clothed with silvery white hairs. Head nearly as wide as long, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; ver- tical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex: antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate api- cally and toothed, base not reaching the eye above, lower lobe protuberant ; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised, median groove nearly effaced; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and _ pol- ished; wings subinfuscate; length 2.5 mms. Deseribed from one female (type) collected at Lanihuli, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, September 3, 1916. Type: Cat. No. 136, Bishop Museum. [ 86 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. I4I 137. Sterola conspicua n.sp. 2 dull shining black, the legs and scape of antenne brown, antenne outwardly infuscate. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and delicate reticulate surface sculpture; finely, shallowly and fairly closely punc- tate, and hairy. Head wider than the thorax, nearly as wide as long, width between the eyes greater by a half than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little temid beneath: vertical mar- gin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennz reaching the mesoscu- tum, all the segments considerably longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye: gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum very finely rugulose; abdomen a little depressed, ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected in the Koloa Mountains, Kauai, by O. H. Swezey, August 2, 1908. Type: Cat. No. 137, Bishop Museum. 138. Sverola adumbrata u.sp. @ dull shining black, the femora and antennze outwardly fuscous; tro- chanters, tibiz, tarsi and basal joints of antenne yellowish brown; mandibles red at the apex. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; coarsely, shallowly and somewhat remotely punctate, and hairy. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the middle of the meso- scutum, all the segments considerably longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye: gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, slightly depressed along the median line, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; pro- podeum finely rugulose; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 2.25 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype) collected on Kaala Mountain, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey August II, 1912. Type: Cat. No. 138, Bishop Museum. [ 87 ] 142 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 139. Sicrola illingworthi n.sp. Q dull shining black, trochanters, tibia, tarsi and antenne yellowish brown to fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, a little coarser on the head; finely and fairly closely punctate, and hairy. Head wider than the thorax, nearly as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes twice the length from eye to vertex; flat above, tumid beneath ; verti- cal margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenna reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments considerably longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye; gula flat, medially foreshortened, wider than long, narrowing posteriorly where there is a slight depression along the median line, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin incised, sides of the head convex; propodeum rugulose: abdomen elliptical and somewhat de- pressed, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Kau, Hawaii, a-a flows, elevation 3600 ft., by W. M. Giffard, July 18, 1018. Type: Cat. No. 139, Bishop Museum. 140. Sierola nemorensis n.sp. 2? dull shining black, legs and antenne yellowish brown to fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, very delicate on the thorax, especially on the scutellum and propodeum, coarser on the head; fairly closely and coarsely punctate, and hairy. Head nearly as wide as long, width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne a little longer than the head, pedicel longer than wide, the following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus cari- nate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior mar- gin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles stout, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, median groove nearly effaced, ante- rior and posterior margins arcuately concave; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint fuscous pigmentation: length 2.75 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype) collected on Hawaii by Koebele. Type: Cat. No. 140, Bishop Museum. [ 88] New Species of Sicrola, With Explanatory Notes. 143 141. Sierola vetusta n.sp. 9 dull shining black, trochanters, tibie, tarsi and antennz basally yel- lowish brown, coxz, femora and antenne outwardly fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and close reticulate sur- face sculpture; finely, shallowly and closely punctate; hairy clothing long and delicate. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; ver- tical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antennz reaching the mesoscutum, pedicel longer than wide, the following segments hardly so, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles fairly stout, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula convex, medially foreshortened, wider than long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised, sides of the head flat; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subin- fuscate, with a faint fuscous pigmentation; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Maui by Koebele. Type: Cat. No. 141, Bishop Museum. 142. Sierola kalihiensis n.sp. 2 dull shining black, trochanters, tibiz, tarsi and base of antennze brown, antenne distally fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, shallow throughout, very delicate on the propodeum, coarser on the head; coarsely and somewhat remotely punctate, the punctuation of the thorax finer; hairy clothing rather short and delicate. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes greater by a half than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin slightly convex, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne nearly reaching the scu- tellum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennz; mandibles stout, bent in the middle, outer half concavo-con- vex, a little flattened dorso-ventrally, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially foreshortened, twice as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdo- men ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint fuscous pigmentation; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected in Kalihi Valley, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, March 11, 1917, on Suttonia lassertiana. Type: Cat. No. 142, Bishop Museum. | 89 | 144 New Species of Sicrola, With Explanatory Notes. 143. Sierola aucta u.sp. Plate XVI, Figure 7. @ unusually large and thickset; dull shining black, antennz fuscous, trochanters, tibia and tarsi yellowish brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture: finely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head wider than the thorax, longer than wide by more than a half, width between the eyes not much greater than the length from eye to vertex, which is considerably more than the length in front of the eyes; flatly convex above, a little tumid beneath; vertical mar- gin slightly concave, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennz reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments considerably longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus nearly flat, indistinctly carinate, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, somewhat flattened outwardly, truncate api- eally and toothed, base not reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head con- vex, the former not much foreshortened, as long as wide, anterior margin nearly straight, deeply notched at the sides by the base of the mandibles, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen short ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings with a yellowish brown pigmentation; length 4 mms. Described from twe females (type and paratype). Type (numbered 11) from Puuwaawaa, N. Kona, 3800 ft. elevation, collected by W. M. Giffard, August 24, 1917. Second specimen from Kilauea, Hawaii, collected by D. T. Fullaway, November 10, 1913, paratype. Type: Cat. No. 143, Bishop Museum. 144. Sterola breviceps n.sp. @ unusually long; dull shining black, trochanters, tibize, tarsi and anten- ne basally brown, antenne fuscous outwardly. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, coarsely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate, the sculpture and punctuation coarser on the head and pronotum than on the mesonotum and scutellum: hairy clothing short and delicate. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes more than twice the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the pos- ‘terior end of the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex ; antenna reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments considerably longer than wide, antennal fossze deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, hardly pro- jecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennz; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula flatly convex, medially fore- shortened, width twice the length, median furrow nearly effaced, anterior margin arcuately concave, deeply notched at the sides by the base of the mandibles, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen elliptical, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a very faint yel- lowish brown pigmentation; length 3.5 mms. | 90 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 145 Described from one female (type) collected in Palolo Valley, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, September 8, 1912. Type: Cat. No. 144, Bishop Museum. 145. Sverola bridwelli n.sp. 2 unusually long; shining black, legs and antenne yellowish brown to fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and delicate reticulate surface sculpture; fairly closely and coarsely punctate, the punctuation finer on the thorax; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head longer than wide, width between the eyes more than the length from eye to vertex, Iength in front of the eyes not great; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennze not much longer than the head, pedicel and first funicle segment a little longer than wide, the following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, narrowing behind, median furrow nearly effaced, anterior margin almost straight, deeply notched at the sides by the base of the mandibles, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, api- cally acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yel- lowish brown pigmentation; length 3.5 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype) collected in the S. E. Koolau Mountains, Oahu, by J. C. Bridwell, 1916. Type: Cat. No. 145, Bishop Museum. 146. Sierola depressa u.sp. Plate XVI, Figure 8. Depressed to an extreme degree; shining black, the legs basally and the antenne fuscous, tibize and tarsi yellowish brown. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and delicate reticulate sur- face sculpture; finely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate; clothed with short, fine, silvery white hairs. Head wider than the thorax, longer than wide by a half, length from eye to vertex equalling the width between the eyes; flat above and beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne longer than the head, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fossze deep; clypeus short, carinate, apically depressed, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angu- late, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula flat, hardly foreshortened, longer than wide, median groove nearly effaced, anterior margin straight, posterior margin arcuately concave; prunotum elongate; abdomen broken : wings hyaline; length 2 mms. [ or | 146 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. Described from one example (type) collected on Kaala Mountain, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, September 1, 1913. Type: Cat. No. 146, Bishop Museum. 147. Sterola philodoriae n.sp. @ somewhat depressed; dull shining black, legs luteous, antenne and mandibles brown. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture: coarsely, shallowly, somewhat remotely punctate, and hairy. Head longer than wide by more than a half, length from eye to vertex equalling the width between the eyes, length in front of the eyes not great; convex above, depressed in front, flat beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus short, carinate, apically depressed, almost perpendicular, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head; mandibles fairly stout, curved, somewhat flattened out- wardly, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula flat, not much foreshortened, longer than wide, anterior margin arcuately con- cave, posterior margin incised; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings hyaline; length 1.5 mms. Described from four females (type and paratypes). Three specimens, including type, from Olympus Mountain, Oahu, reared from larva of Philo- doria splendida, by O. H. Swezey, January 30, 1913. Two specimens in this series and one collected in the S. E. Koolau Mountains, Oahu, by J. C. Bridwell, 1916, paratypes. Type: Cat. No. 147, Bishop Museum. 148. Sierola planiceps u.sp. @ depressed; shining black, the legs, antennze and mandibles, except at the base, flavous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and delicate reticulate surface sculpture; finely, shallowly and somewhat remotely punctate; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head longer than wide, length from eye to vertex equalling the width between the eyes, length in front of the eyes not great: flat above, flatly convex beneath; vertical margin slightly con- cave, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne a little longer than the head, all the segments longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides; mandibles slen- der, curved, concavo-convex, flattened outwardly, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula flat, very little foreshortened medially, longer than wide, median groove nearly effaced, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen short ovate, smooth and polished or nearly so; wings with a yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2 mms. Described from four females (type and paratypes). Type from Nuu- anu Valley, Oahu, collected by D. T. Fullaway, March 4, 1912. Two speci- [ 92 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 147 mens collected in the S. E. Koolau Mountains, Oahu, by J. C. Bridwell, 1913, and one collected on Kaumuohona, by P. H. Timberlake, June 4, 10916, paratypes. Type: Cat. No. 148, Bishop Museum. 149. Sierola holomelaena n.sp. Q depressed; shining black, the head a little dull, legs and antennze fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and delicate reticulate surface sculpture; finely, shallowly and somewhat remotely punctate; hairy clothing short and delicate. Head longer than wide, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; flat above, flatly convex beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex: antennze longer than the head, all the segments a little longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus cari- nate, apically depressed, not projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula flat, not much fore- shortened medially, anterior and posterior margins arcuately concave; pro- podeum very finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, 4000 ft. elevation, by Giffard and Muir, January 14, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 149, Bishop Museum. 150. Sierola hirticeps n.sp. Qa little slender; dull shining black, coxze and femora fuscous to black, trochanters, tibiz, tarsi and antenne basally yellowish brown, anten- ne apically fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and close reticulate surface sculpture; coarsely, shallowly and closely punctate ; thickly clothed with long silver-gray hairs. Head nearly twice as long as wide, length from eye to vertex equalling the width between the eyes; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex: antenne a little longer than the head, pedicel nearly twice as long as wide, the following segments as wide as long or nearly so, antennal fossz deep; clypeus carinate, apically: depressed, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles slender, curved, trun- cate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former foreshortened medially, longer than wide, narrow- ing posteriorly, where it is a little convex, anterior margin arcuately con- cave, posterior margin incised; propodeum very finely rugulose; abdomen elongate elliptical, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a very faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.75 mms. Described from five females (type and paratypes). Type from Tan- [93 | 148 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. talus Mountain, Oahu, collected by D. T. Fullaway, January 3, 1910. One specimen from Kunia, Oahu, one from Manoa Ridge, Oahu, collected by D. T. Fullaway, March 24, 1910, and February 13, 1917, respectively; one specimen from Kaumuohona, Oahu, collected by P. H. Timberlake, Septem- ber 9, 1917, and one specimen from S$. E. Koolau Mountains, Oahu, collected by J. C. Bridwell on the same day, paratypes. Type: Cat. No. 150, Bishop Museum. 151. Sierola tenuiceps n.sp. @ slender; shining black, legs and antenne luteous, mandibles reddish brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and close reticulate surface sculpture, a little coarser on the head; impunctate or nearly so, the punctuation extremely fine and hardly discernible; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head nearly twice as long as wide, length from eye to vertex equalling the width between the eyes; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin slightly convex, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne a little longer than the head, pedicel and first funicle segment longer than wide, the following seg- ments as wide as long, antennal fosszee deep; clypeus short, carinate, apically depressed, almost perpendicular, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, sloping at the sides; mandibles slender, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, longer than wide, narrowing behind, where there is a shallow sulcus in the median line, anterior margin arcuately concave, pos- terior margin incised; propodeum rugulose; abdomen elongate ovate, api- cally acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a very faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype). Type from Hono- lulu, Oahu, collected by J. C. Bridwell, April, 1916. Second specimen col- lected at Kunia, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, March 9, 1910, paratype. Type: Cat. No. 151, Bishop Museum. 152. Sierola nitens n.sp. Qa little slender; shining black, the legs, mandibles and antennze basally yellowish brown, antennz fuscous outwardly. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and delicate reticulate surface sculpture; impunctate and glabrous, or nearly so, the very fine pin punctures and short hairy clothing inconspicuous. Head longer than wide by a third, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex; flat above, tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex: antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, pedicel and first funicle segments nearly twice as long as wide, antennal fossz deep; clypeus short, flat, vertical, indistinctly carinate, not projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse; man- dibles slender, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base [ 94 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 149 touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, narrowing somewhat posteriorly, where there is a small but deep sulcus in the median line, anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin incised; abdomen somewhat depressed, elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a yellowish brown pigmenta- tion; length 2.25 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype). Type from Kaala Mountain, Oahu, 2500 ft. elevation, collected by P. H. Timberlake on Pelea clusiaefolia, March 4, 1917, Second specimen, collected on Kaala Mountain, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, September I, 10913, paratype. Type: Cat. No. 152, Bishop Museum. 153. Sterola kaumuohona n.sp. @ shining black, legs and antenne basally yellowish brown, hind femora and antennz apically fuscous, abdomen yellowish brown to piceous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and delicate reticulate surface sculpture; coarsely, shallowly and remotely punc- tate; clothed with sparse, short, fairly stiff silver white hairs. Head longer than wide, width between the eyes more than the length from eye to vertex; flat above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flat; antennz nearly reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, not projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles rather slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula flatly con- vex, medially foreshortened, a little wider than long, narrowing behind, where there is a slight depression in the groove, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum very finely rugulose; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings with a deep yellowish brown to fuscous pigmentation; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Kaumuohona, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, September 9, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 153, Bishop Museum. 154. Sierola brunneiventris n.sp. @ shining black, legs, antenne basally and apical margin of abdominal segments, particularly at the sides, brown, antennz outwardly fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and shallow reticulate surface sculpture; coarsely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate, but not uniformly so; clothed, rather thickly on the gula, with delicate silver gray hairs. Head wider than the thorax, longer than wide by a half, length from eye to vertex equalling the width between the eyes; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antennze about as long as the head, pedicel a little longer than wide, the following segments wider than long, antennal fossz deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, hardly pro- [95 | 150 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. jecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne: mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye; gula flatly convex, finely and closely punctate, medially foreshortened, as wide as long narrowing posteriorly, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum very finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfus- cate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3 mms. Described from two females (type and paratype) collected on Tantalus Mountain, Oahu, elevation 1300 ft., by W. M. Giffard, October 15, 1905, and numbered 10. Type: Cat. No. 154, Bishop Museum. 155. Siecrola blackburni n.sp. @ shining black, the legs and antennze brown to fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; coarsely and fairly closely punctate; clothed with short silver gray hairs. Head longer than wide by a half, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne a little longer than the head, pedicel longer than wide, the following seg- ments as wide as long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles short, stout, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye: gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, narrowing behind, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen short ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a very faint fuscous pigmentation; length 2.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Kau, Hawai, a-a flows, 3600 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, July 18, r1or8. Type: Cat. No. 155, Bishop Museum. 156. Sierola celerts n.sp. @ shining black, the legs and antenne basally yellowish brown, hind femora and antenne outwardly fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; coarsely, shallowly, fairly closely punctate, and hairy. Head wider than the thorax, longer than wide by a half, length from eye to vertex equalling the width between the eyes; convex above, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth behind the eye; vertical margin straight, tem- ples rounded, eyes flat; antenne a little longer than the head, pedicel and first funicle segment twice as long as wide, second a little shorter, the fol- lowing segments as wide as long, antennal fossze deep; clypeus carinate, api- cally depressed but rather flat, not projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, sloping at the sides; mandibles stout, curved, a little flattened outwardly, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula [ 96 | New Species of Sicrola, With Explanatory Notes. 151 and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, narrowing behind, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugulose, with a narrow triangular area medially at the base smooth; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished: wings hyaline; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Tantalus Mountain, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, March 16, 1015. Type: Cat. No. 156, Bishop Museum. 157. Sterola perkinsi n.sp. @ shining black, legs and antenne basally yellowish brown, front and hind femora and antennz outwardly fuscous, mandibles outwardly reddish brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; fairly coarsely and closely punctate; clothed with delicate silver gray hairs. Head a little longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes greater by a half than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth directly behind the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the meso- scutum, all the segments longer than wide, pedicel twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus reduced by erosion from the sides to a thin carinate ridge, apically depressed, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennze; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former a little foreshortened medially, longer than wide, narrowing behind, anterior margin arcuately concave, pos- terior margin incised; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and _ pol- ished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation : length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, dry forest, 4000 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard and F. Muir, November 1, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 157, Bishop Museum. 158. Sicrola perottetiae n.sp. F 2) Q shining black, the legs and antenne fuscous except the scape, pedicel, trochanters, tibia and tarsi, which are yellowish brown. — Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and delicate reticulate surface sculpture; coarsely, shallowly and remotely punc- tate; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head longer than wide by a third, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath: vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne not much longer than the head, pedicel and first funicle segment longer than wide, the following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at 1 97 | 152 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former a little foreshortened, as wide as long, flat and depressed in front as well as in the groove behind, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint fuscous pigmentation; length 2.5 mms. Described from three females (type and paratypes) from Manoa Cliff Trail-Tantalus, Oahu, reared from decaying wood of Perottetia sandwi- censis by J. C. Bridwell, July, 1918. Type: Cat. No. 158, Bishop Museum. 159. Sierola humilis n.sp. @ shining black, antennze, trochanters, fore-tibia and tarsi, middle and hind tarsi yellowish brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; coarsely and fairly closely punctate; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne hardly longer than the head, pedicel and first funicle segment a little longer than wide, the following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concavo- convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long and finely punctate, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuseate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmenta- tion; length 2.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on ridge south of lao Val- ley, W. Maui, 1800-2000 ft. elevation, by J. C. Bridwell, September 1, 1918. Type: Cat. No. 159, Bishop Museum. 160. Sierola pro.xvima n.sp. @ shining black, the legs and antenne brown. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and delicate reticulate surface sculpture; finely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate, hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; convex above and beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; anten- ne a little longer than the head, pedicel a little longer than wide, the follow- ing segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fossz deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, hardly projecting in front of the anterior mar- gin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles stout, [ 08 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 153 curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reach- ing the eye; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long and finely punctate, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen ovate, smooth and_ polished; wings subinfuscate, with a very faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Tantalus Mountain, Oahu, 13009 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard. Type: Cat. No. 160, Bishop Museum. 161. Sierola langfordi n.sp. 2 dull shining black, legs and antennze yellowish brown to fuscous. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine and delicate reticulate surface sculpture; finely and somewhat remotely punctate, and hairy. Head considerably longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex: antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, pedicel nearly twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, the point blunt, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, sloping at the sides; mandibles stout, bent at the middle, outer half flat- tened, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, narrowing behind, with a depression along the median line, anterior and posterior margins arcuately concave; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a very faint fuscous pig- mentation; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Tantalus Mountain, Oahu, elevation 1300 ft., by W. M. Giffard, November 1-2, 1905. Type: Cat. No. 161, Bishop Museum. 162. Sierola aspera n.sp. @ dull shining black, legs and antenne yellowish brown except the hind femora, the coxz and the apical segments of the flagellum, which are fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture, coarser on the head and prothorax than on the mesothorax and scutellum; coarsely, shallowly and closely punctate; hairy clothing fairly long and thick. Head longer than wide by a half, width between the eyes hardly exceeding the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne a little longer than the head, pedicel and first funicle segment twice as long as wide, the fol- lowing segments hardly longer than wide, antennal fossze deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, almost perpendicular, not projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extend- [ 99 | 154 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. ing backward shortly on the top of the head: mandibles stout, curved, trun- cate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above, lower lobe protuber ant; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially fore- shortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugulose; abdomen somewhat piceous, ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a very faint fuscous pigmen- tation; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Kaumuohona, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, December 5, 1907. Type: Cat. No. 162, Bishop Museum. 163. Sierola atra n.sp. 2 dull shining black, antenne, tibiz and tarsi brown black. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; finely, shallowly and closely punctate but not uniformly so; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head wider than the thorax, a little longer than wide, width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; convex above, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne hardly longer than the head, pedicel and first funicle seg- ment longer than wide, the following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, hardly pro- jecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles short and stout, bent at the middle, truncate apically and toothed, base touch- ing the eye above; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, a little wider than long, median groove effaced, ante- rior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum very finely rugulose; abdomen short ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and _pol- ished; wings subinfuscate, with a very faint fuscous pigmentation; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at 29 miles, Olaa, Hawaii, 3800 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, August 10, 1918. Type: Cat. No. 163, Bishop Museum. 164. Sierola newelli n.sp. 9? dull shining black, antennz and legs yellowish brown to fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; finely and fairly closely punctate; hairy clothing rather sparse, the hairs long and delicate. Head as wide as long, width between the eyes nearly twice the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fossz deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles fairly slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula and | 100 | New Species of Sicrola, With Explanatory Notes. 155 sides of the head flat, the former a little foreshortened medially, as wide as long, narrowing posteriorly, anterior and posterior margins arcuately concave ; propodeum rugulose; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and _ pol- ished; wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Kau, Hawaii, a-a flows, 3600 ft. elevation, by W. M. Giffard, July 18, rors. Type: Cat. No. 164, Bishop Museum. 165. Sierola waianacana n.sp. 9 dull shining black, legs and antenne brown to fuscous, mandibles reddish apically. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine reticu- late surface sculpture; finely, shallowly and fairly closely punctate but not uniformly so; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head considerably longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex; flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, api- cally depressed and bluntly pointed, not projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides; mandibles fairly slender, bent at the middle, the distal portion flattened, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, a little depressed along the median line, anterior and posterior margins arcuately concave; propodeum finely rugulose; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate, with a very faint yellowish brown pigmenta- tion; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected in the Waianae Mountains, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, March 5, 1ort. Type: Cat. No. 165, Bishop Museum. 166. Sierola distinguenda n.sp. @ dull shining black, legs and antenne basally yellowish brown, the antenne fuscous outwardly, mandibles marked with red. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture; fairly coarsely, shallowly and closely punctate; hairy clothing short and delicate. Head a little longer than wide, widest across the eyes, nar- rowing behind and in front, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex by a half; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin slightly convex, temples rounded, eyes con- vex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, pedicel and first funicle segment twice as long as wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles slender, curved, a little flattened outwardly, truncate apically and toothed, base not reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former [ tor | 156 New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; abdomen short ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished: wings subinfuscate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmenta- tion; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Kaala Mountain, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, August 11, 1912. Type: No. 166, Bishop Museum. =~ 9 -_ ’ - 167. Sierola rufomandibulata n.sp. 9 dull shining black, legs and antennz yellowish brown, the latter fus- cous outwardly, mandibles marked with red. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and close reticulate surface sculpture; finely and rather closely punctate, and hairy. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes convex; antenne nearly reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fossz deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, not projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the for- mer medially foreshortened, longer than wide, narrowing behind, very finely punctate, median groove nearly effaced, anterior margin straight, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugulose; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings with a yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.25 mms. Described from one female (type) collected in Manoa Valley, Oahu, by O. H. Swezey, July 27, 10913. Type: Cat. No. 167, Bishop Museum. 168. Sierola curiosa n.sp. @ dull shining black, legs and antennz apically fuscous, the latter basal- ly yellowish brown. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture: fairly coarsely, shallowly and closely punctate; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes a little more than the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne a little longer than the head, all the segments longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and bluntly pointed, not projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, with a shallow depression along the median line, anterior margin arcuately concave, poste- rior margin incised; abdomen elongate ovate, smooth and polished; wings with a shallow yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2 mms. [ 102 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 157 Described from one female (type) collected at Kuliouou, Oahu, by P. H. Timberlake, June 25, 1916. Type: Cat. No. 168, Bishop Museum. 169. Sierola subcrispa n.sp. ? dull shining black, almost opaque; legs and antennz basally luteous, the femora and antenne apically fuscous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and close reticulate surface sculpture; finely and closely punctate; clothed with long silver gray hairs. Head longer than wide by a half, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes considerably more than the length from eye to vertex: flatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne a little longer than the head, pedicel and first three funicular segments a little longer than wide, the following segments hardly longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angu- late, not transverse, sloping at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennz; mandibles fairly stout, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base not quite reaching the eye; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, wider than long, depressed slightly along the median line and in front, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin incised; propodeum finely rugulose ; abdomen elliptical, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfus- cate, with a faint yellowish brown pigmentation; length 2.5 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Manoa Ridge, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, February 13, 1917. Type: Cat. No. 169, Bishop Museum. 170. Sierola nuda n.sp. 2 dull black, head almost opaque; legs yellowish brown, the femora infuscate, antennze yellowish brown basally, fuscous apically, mandibles red- dish brown except at the base. Head and thorax with a microscopically fine reticulate surface sculp- ture, coarser on the head; coarsely, shallowly and remotely punctate; hairy clothing short, sparse and inconspicuous. Head a little longer than wide, width between the eyes greater than the length from eye to vertex, length in front of the eyes not great: convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth directly behind the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flatly convex; antenne nearly reaching the mesoscutum, pedicel and first three funicular segments longer than wide, the following segments as wide as long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially fore- shortened, as wide as long, slightly depressed along the median line, anterior and posterior margins arcuately concave; abdomen a little depressed, ovate. smooth and polished; wings with a fuscous pigmentation; length 2.5 mms. [ 103 ] 158 New Species of Sicrola, With Explanatory Notes. Described from one female (type) collected at Kuliouou, Oahu, by D. T. Fullaway, July 12, 1918. Type: Cat. No. 170, Bishop Museum. 171. Sierola willardi n.sp. 2 dull black, the head almost opaque; legs and antenne brown, the latter fuscous outwardly. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and close reticulate surface sculpture; finely and closely punctate; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head as wide as long, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes nearly twice the length from eye to vertex; convex above, depressed in front, tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the eye; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes con- vex; antenne reaching the mesoscutum, all the segments considerably longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, hardly projecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward shortly on the top of the head; mandibles fairly stout, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head convex, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, median groove nearly effaced, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised; propodeum rugulose; abdomen ovate, smooth and polished; wings with a yellowish brown pigmentation; length 3 mms. Described from one female (type) collected on Kaala Mountain, Oahu, by J. C. Bridwell, July 4, 1016. Type: Cat. No: 171, Bishop Museum. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW EXODMC SEE Cine: 1. Sverola vitiensis n.sp. @ shining black, legs, antenne and mandibles yellowish brown to fus- cous. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically tine reticulate surface sculpture; fairly coarsely and closely punctate; hairy clothing short. Head longer than wide, widest across the eyes, narrowing behind and in front, width between the eyes more than the length from eye to vertex; Hatly convex above, depressed in front, a little tumid beneath, the greatest depth beneath the posterior end of the eye; yertical margin straight, tem- ples rounded, eyes flatly convex: antenne slender, longer than the head, pedicel twice as long as wide, the following segments only a little longer than wide, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed, hardly pro- jecting in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antennze; mandibles slender, curved, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flat, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, narrow- ing behind, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin incised; pro- podeum rugulose; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate, smooth and polished; wings subinfuscate; length 2 mms. | 104 | New Species of Sierola, With Explanatory Notes. 159 $ smaller; antennal segments beyond the pedicel shorter, hardly longer than wide, abdomen bluntly pointed at the apex. Described from one female and one male (type and allotype) collected at Rewa, Fiji, by F. Muir, March, 10906. A male specimen from Ba, Fiji, collected in January, 1906, appears somewhat different. Type: Cat. No. 172, Bishop Museum. 2. Sierola sinensis n.sp. @ dull shining black to the abdomen, which is smooth and polished, the head opaque or nearly so; antenne yellowish brown, fuscous apically, legs fuscous basally, tibia and tarsi yellowish brown. Head and thorax to the propodeum with a microscopically fine and close reticulate surface sculpture, coarser on the head; finely and closely punc- tate; hairy clothing short and inconspicuous. Head longer than wide by a half, width between the eyes more than the length from eye to vertex; flat above, depressed in front, convex beneath; vertical margin straight, temples rounded, eyes flat; antennz hardly longer than the head, the pedicel a little longer than wide, the following segments as wide as or wider than long, antennal fosse deep; clypeus carinate, apically depressed and projecting slightly in front of the anterior margin of the head, which is angulate, not transverse, declivous at the sides, the carina extending backward on the top of the head beyond the base of the antenne; mandibles fairly stout, curved, concavo-convex, truncate apically and toothed, base touching the eye above; gula and sides of the head flatly convex, the former medially foreshortened, as wide as long, anterior margin arcuately concave, posterior margin incised ; propodeum rugulose; abdomen ovate, apically acuminate; wings subinfus- cate; length 2 mms. Described from one female (type) collected at Chin San, Macao, China, by F. Muir, December, 1906. Type: Cat. No. 173, Bishop Museum. | 105 | OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY Vok- VIL No.8. Director's Report for 1919 HONOLULU, HAWAII BisHorp MusEuM PREss 1920 Director's Report for 1919 ORGANIZATION OF THE. STAFF At the end of the year 1919, the staff of the Museum was as follows: Herbert E. Gregory, Acting Director. William T. Brigham, Director Emeritus. William H. Dall, Honorary Curator of Mollusca. Otto H. Swezey, Honorary Curator of Entomology. John F. G. Stokes, Curator of Polynesian Ethnology. C. Montague Cooke, Curator of Pulmonata. Charles N. Forbes, Curator of Botany. John W. Thompson, Artist and Modeler. Elizabeth B. Higgins, Librarian. Edwin H. Bryan, Assistant in Entomology. George C. Munro, Assistant in Ornithology. Helen M. Helvie, Superintendent of Exhibition Halls. Lahilahi Webb, Guide to Exhibits. Early in the year arrangements were made with Yale Uni- versity for the temporary release of Herbert E. Gregory, Silliman Professor of Geology, to assist the Trustees in formulating plans for the further development of the Museum. With the title of Acting Director, Professor Gregory assumed administrative charge in May. Before his arrival. the duties of the Director’s office were performed by the Curator of Polynesian Ethnology, John F. G. Stokes. From September to the end of the year, the Act- ing Director was represented by the Curator of Pulmonata, C. Montague Cooke. On July 1, Edwin H. Bryan, of the College of Hawaii, was appointed Assistant in Entomology. On August 11, Mrs. Lahilahi Webb, who holds a prominent position among the Hawaiians, was appointed as guide to the collections in the Exhibition Halls. Leave of absence for one year beginning September 1 has been granted to Elizabeth B. Higgins to study library manage- [3] (163) 104 Director's Report for 1019. ment and editorial work at institutions on the mainland. It is expected that on her return Miss Higgins will assume the duties of Librarian and Editor. J. J. Greene, whose services of Museum printer for twenty- one years have been of exceptional merit, severed his connection with the staff on October 1, I9I9. M. L. Horace Reynolds, cabinet maker, severed his connec- tions with the Museum on November 1. His work has been entirely satisfactory. On December 19, George C. Munro, who for some years has given the Museum the benefit of his extensive knowledge of Hawaiian birds, was appointed Assistant in Ornithology. His connection with the staff should result in increasing and enrich- ing the collection of native birds. With the completion of the manuscript of the Fornander papers in December, the obligations to the Museum of Thomas G. Thrum have been fulfilled. The task of editing has demanded not only painstaking effort but also a knowledge of ancient Ha- wailan possessed by few men. WORK OF THE Sin In addition to routine administrative duties the time of the Acting Director has been given largely to consultation with the Trustees and with members of the staff with a view to recom- mending changes in the present organization, defining the scope and purpose of the Museum’s activities, and formulating a policy for future development. As a guide to the study of these topics, a memorandum submitted to the Trustees by Professor Gregory in January 1918 was found helpful. Visits to other museums, and correspondence and interviews with scientists interested in Pacific Ocean problems have been found profitable. Since resigning the Directorship December 31, 1917, William T. Brigham, Director Emeritus, has had the long-desired oppor- tunity to continue his studies without interruption. Considerable progress has been made during the year in the preparation of a memoir on Hawaiian worship. | The Curator of Polynesian Ethnology, John F. G. Stokes, was busy with administrative affairs during the first four months [4 | Director's Report for rorg. 165 of the present year, but found time to study the field relations of an interesting skeleton discovered at Kilauea. During the period April to July a systematic study of the ruined asylum (“City of Refuge’) at Honaunau was made with a view to pro- curing the necessary data for writing the history of this ancient asylum and for determining the form of the original structure. The preparation for publication of a report on Honaunau was postponed in order to prepare plans and descriptions of various Hawaiian temple sites for incorporation in Dr. Brigham’s forth- coming work on Hawaiian worship. The time of the Curator of Pulmonata, C. Montague Cooke, Jr., has been chiefly given to cataloguing the unusually large col- lections recently received. (See page 120.) During the year a conchological survey was made of parts of the island of Molokai and three weeks were spent on a profitable collecting trip above the valley of Waimea on the island of Kauai. To aid in cataloguing collections, Mr. A. Gouveia was em- ployed by the Curator for the last three months of the year. To continue this work it is proposed to add to the staff a trained assistant in Malacology. The Curator of Botany, Charles N. Forbes, spent the first half of the year on routine herbarium work and the preparation of three papers on New Hawaiian plants. Twelve short field trips were made to places on the island of Oahu. In July a botanical survey of the island of Maui was begun, and carried on with few interruptions to the end of the year. The Honorary Curator of Entomology, Otto H. Swezey, has given generously of his time in collecting and labeling insect material and formulating plans for the guidance of the Acting Director. He has been ably assisted by Edwin H. Bryan. The museum’s Artist and Modeler, John W. Thompson, pre- pared during the year 64 casts for the exhibition halls; 34 fish, 17 fruit, 13 archaeological and 7 miscellaneous. Fish for model- ing were obtained and presented to the Museum by John W. Thompson and C. M. Cooke III., and thirteen varieties of Ha- Waiian taro were presented by Gerrit P. Wilder. Among the specimens presented by Mr. Thompson and of which painted eS) 166 Director's Report for rorg9. models have been made, are two deep water sharks, 12 inches and 15 inches long respectively, of unknown species. In a paper on Habits and Coloration of Hawaiian Brachyura and Fishes, published by the Carnegie Institution, Dr. W. H. Longley, in acknowledging his indebtedness to the Bishop Mu- seum, states that “what is probably the best existing record of the form and coloration of a group of tropical fishes of comparable numbers is embodied in the series of painted casts of more than 340 species prepared by Mr. John W. Thompson for the Bishop Museum, Honolulu.” Helen M. Helvie continues in charge of the exhibition halls. Since September first she has been assisted in caring for visitors by Lahilahi Webb. The Librarian, Elizabeth B. Higgins, has devoted her time chiefly to cataloguing and to a general consideration of the library's place in the plans for enlargement of the Museum’s activities. During the absence of Miss Higgins, September to January, the routine work of the library was efficiently per- formed by Miss Carolyn Dickerman. Although not officially a member of the Staff, Gerrit P. Wil- der has given generously of his time and thought in building up for the Museum a unique collection of Hawatian food plants. Among other things he has collected, grown, and cross-bred many varieties of native taro, and has obtained from Hawaiians the names, peculiarities, and uses of the different forms of this inter- esting plant. It is hoped that the studies of Mr. Wilder will result in publications of value to botanists and to ethnologists. PUBLICATIONS During the year the following publications were issued: Memoirs Volume V, Number 2. Fornander Collection of Ha- waiian Antiquities and Folk-lore, edited by Thomas G. Thrum, IQIQ, 277 pages. Memoirs Volume V, Number 3. Fornander Collection of Ha- waiian Antiquities and Folk-lore, edited by Thomas G. Thrum, I9I9, 210 pages. Memoirs Volume WV, Index’ 17° pages: Volume V, which constitutes the Second Series of the For- [6] Director's Report for 1019. 167 nander papers, contains legends, stories and biographical sketches of ancient Hawaii. The text is in the original Hawaiian with English translation and explanatory notes. Memoirs Volume VI, Number 1. Fornander Collection of Ha- walian Antiquities and Folk-lore, edited by Thomas G. Thrum. 1919, 217 pages. Memoirs Volume VI, Number 2. Fornander Collection of Ha- walian Antiquities and Folk-lore, edited by Thomas G. Thrum. 1919, 137 pages. Like the preceding series of Fornander papers, the text of Volume VI is in Hawaiian and in English. Number 1 deals chiefly with religious ceremonies; number 2 is a collection of miscellaneous studies in history, philology and geneology. The remaining manuscript of the Fornander papers, consisting of native Hawaiian songs and chants, has been submitted by the editor. It will be issued as Memoirs Volume VI, Number 3. Memoirs Volume VII, Number 2. A monographic study of the Hawaiian species of the Tribe Lobelioideae, Family Campa- nulaceae, by Joseph F. Rock, 1919, 305 pages, 217 plates. This volume is the result of a study of Lobelioideae in Ha- waii and in the museums of Europe and America. Of the seven genera discussed, six of them: Trematolobelia, Brighamia, Cyanea, Clermantia, Delissea and Rollandia are peculiar to Ha- waii; the seventh Lobelia, has world-wide distribution. These genera include 104 species which occur only in the Hawaiian Islands. The publication of this volume is timely, for some of the old and most interesting species of Lobelioideae have become extinct and others are disappearing. Occasional Papers Volume III and Volume VI have been com- pleted by the addition of indexes and tables of contents. A revised list of the Museum publications also has been issued. From 1898 to October of the present year, the Museum has maintained a printing establishment. Volumes I to IV of the Memoirs, Volumes I to VI of the Occasional Papers, and num- bers 1, 3, 4, and 5 of the Miscellaneous Publications, were print- ed from type set by hand in the Museum building. For the pub- lication of Memoirs Volume V (1918), arrangements were made with a printing house in the city for linotype composition anc 17 | 168 Director's Report for 1919. for press work, and the Museum printer was enabled to devote his time to miscellaneous work. A comparative study of costs, quality and conditions of work in various establishments resulted in a decision to dispose of the printing equipment owned by the Museum and to contract with some reliable concern for all printing required. SPECIAL TOPICS LIBRARY During the year, the present condition, the scope, purpose, and needs of the Museum Library have been given considera- tion by the Trustees, the Librarian, and the Acting Director. It was found that the Library is unusually rich in ethnological works of Pacific races and in accounts of early voyagers. Most of the books are essential to students within the Polynesian field and some of them could be replaced with difficulty. Compared with similar institutions, the Library of the Museum is relatively defi- cient in maps and other geographic material, in general reference works and compendia and in results of researches in Natural His- tory published during the last decade. The report of the Committee on Publication is summarized as follows: “Your Committee believes that the library should be built on the lines already marked out and should eventually occupy first rank as a center for students interested in Polynesian prob- lems; that it should be enriched by large additions of scattered pamphlets of recent date bearing on Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History and that outside this field purchases should aim primarily at procuring reliable works for comparative study and treatises needed by students. The library should be primarily for use of scientific investigators, and works of merely popular inter- est should find no place on the shelf. The guiding principle should be not to make a complete or well-rounded library but to get together publications likely to aid students of Pacific Ocean and especially of Polynesian problems. With this principle in mind it is probably unnecessary to list the subdivisions of natural history which should be represented.” The funds allotted to carry out the policy adopted by the [8] Director's Report for 1919. 169 Trustees and changes in organization and management will great- ly increase the value of the library to scientific investigators. Cooperative arrangements are being perfected by the Museum, the College of Hawai, the Sugar Planters’ Experiment Station, the Historical Society and the Public Library, for the interchange of books and the elimination of expense incident to unnecessary duplication. By combining the rapidly increasing resources of the various Hawaiian libraries and thereby enabling each institu- tion to devote attention to its particular field of interest, the opportunity is afforded to make the facilities for students working in Honolulu equivalent to those afforded by large educational centers on the mainland. FreELD WorK The collections in Ethnology and Natural History belonging to the Museum, have been acquired chiefly through gift and pur- chase; much of the valuable material contributed by members of the staff has been gathered incidentally and not infrequently in vacation periods and at the expense of the collector. It seems desirable that systematic field surveys in archaeology, botany, and other branches of the Museum’s activities should be made first of the Hawaiian Islands, second of other Polynesian island groups and later of the regions bordering Polynesia. During the present year Mr. Stokes and Mr. Forbes have spent several months in the field and the plans for 1920 involve considerable extension of investigations in areas from which information is desired. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY The Hawaiian Entomological Society has given generously of its time and thought to the work of the Museum. At the request of the Acting Director, the Society has prepared compre- hensive statements on the “Biological Problems of the Hawaiian Insect Fauna” and on “Entomological Exploration of the Pa- eine”. Through its Committee on Entomological Organization, the Society has submitted the following suggestions which in the opinion of the Acting Director should define the attitude of the Museum. 19] 170 Director's Report for 1oz9. [t is only natural that a subject of such consuming interest to the act- ive workers in entomology here, as the entomological policy of the Bishop Museum, should receive further thought and deliberation, and we find our- selves at present, after the lapse of six months, burdened with many sugges- tions of a specific nature on the means of accomplishing the work outlined. Regarding a “Reference Collection of Hawaiian Insects,’ we desire to state our absolute conviction that nothing of importance can be accomplished in the way of building up such a collection of Hawaiian insects until a compe- tent, trustworthy and permanent curator of insects is appointed. Only a com- petent man can do the work well, and the labor involved would require his enire time for many years. It has been stated before that there are types and series of specimens of endemic as well as introduced insects ready for the Museum when a competent and trustworth custodian is provided and liberal regulation of their use admitted. It has also been pointed out that the Museum now has representatives of sixty-four per cent of the species of Hawaiian insects known and listed at the time the Fauna Hawaiiensis was published. These are virtually types, being actual specimens in hand when the descriptions were made. With so large a proportion already possessed a complete representation seems emi- nently desirable, and its importance to workers here, who are desirous of carrying on the labors of Blackburn, Perkins, Kirkaldy and others, cannot be over-stated. It is impossible for most of us to go as far as London to exam- ine the types unrepresented here, yet thorough descriptive work cannot be done without seeing them. Apparently undescribed species are constantly being discovered as the result of intensive collecting, which should be pub- lished. Also many groups of Hawaiian insects need revision badly and the material is at hand for the work. The Museum could foster work of this kind by offering to finance the study of the types by specialists undertaking descriptive or revisory work, receiving in return for the outlay, the manu- scripts for publication and insect material, including types, specimens com- pared with types, and series of specimens for reference to build up the col- lections. Some of this work could undoubtedly be undertaken by the Curator. When the further entomologolical exploration of the Pacific, now in contemplation, begins to secure results, if, as this Society has strongly urged, the material obtained is turned over to the Museum for administration, the need for this advanced organization of its entomolo ical work will become still more imperative and, indeed, this work should not otherwise be under- taken. MARINE LABORATORY The deed of trust by which the Museum was established empowers the Trustees of the Museum to establish at their dis- cretion a laboratory for the study of marine life. Because the funds required for the construction, equipment and manning of such an institution would restrict the activities of the Museum in other directions, work in marine zoology has consisted largely of collecting and making available for study, the marine fauna of the islands. The hoped-for opportunity of enlarging this work in [ 10 | Director's Report for 10109. 17 ~ Hawaii has come through a gift of a building to the College of Hawaii from the C. M. Cooke estate, and an arrangement with the College whereby the Museum becomes the depository of working and reference collections and a publication medium for students. Close cooperation is effected by combining the duties of the Director of the Marine Laboratory and the Curator of Marine Zoology in the Museum. Exuispition HAs A museum is an educational institution which furnishes in- struction by means of suitably labeled exhibits. The quality of the instruction offered is measured by the skill displayed in the arrangement of exhibits and in the wording of explanatory labels, rather than by the kind of material displayed. With this idea in mind the exhibition halls of the Museum should be given thought- ful consideration. Material not suitable for exhibition should be stored, and a systematic arrangement devised for that which re- mains in the exhibition halls. A complete re-labeling is also de- sirable. The Museum is visited by many tourists but residents of Hawaii constitute a much larger group. The use of the Museum by citizens of Honolulu is large in proportion to the population and the visits during the year by Hawaiians (3090), Chinese (2238), Japanese (3756), and Portuguese (1205), indicate the estimation in which the institution is held by those who wish to take advantage of the instruction it has to offer. To accommodate those who are unable to visit the Museum during the working hours of the week, the halls have been open to the public on Sundays from 2:00 to 5:00 Pp. M. beginning September first. Mrs. Helvie reports that “the attendance on Sunday afternoons has been gratifyingly large”. It is a pleasure to note that forty-six school classes in charge of their teachers made special studies of the collections. PHOTOGRAPHIC LABORATORY During the year, the large collection of photographic nega- tives belonging to the Museum has been catalogued and made easy of access by preparing a file of prints. These valuable photographs are now available for use by members of the staff and by visiting [11 | 172 Director's Report for 1019. scientists. By the purchase of additional instruments and furni- ture, the photographic laboratory is adequately equipped for scien- tific purposes. EXTRACTS FROM REPORTS OF CURATORS ANG LIBRARIAN. From the annual reports of members of the staff, transmitted to the Trustees, the following material has been taken: ETHNOLOGY A skeleton was found by Mr. J. Hedemann near Kilauea on a site which he had thought might have marked the place where part of Keoua’s army was destroyed by showers of volcanic ash during the eruptions of 1789-90. To quote from Mr. Stokes: The skeleton was found in a reclining position under a shelter of de- tached boulders, protected from the direct rain and partly imbedded in the surface soil wash. In that position it overlooked Kilauea crater towards the fire-pit, Halemaumau. ‘The bones were not in a good state of preservation, yet not too far gone to identify them as formerly belonging to a middle-aged female native. The method of preparation had also been according to native custom. Fragments of gourd had been found by Mr. Hedemann in the shel- ter, scattered by the surface wash, and probably belonged with the skeleton. No other implements were found. While women and children accompanied the army of Keoua, I do not believe that the interment dated back to his time. The condition of the bones did not suggest a period of more than 60 years and a search in the neighbor- hood of the spot revealed no trace of other skeletons. A survey of the vicinity suggested to me a possible solution of the problem of a native interment so distant from former habitations. In the talus nearby, there were (and probably always have been) many more suit- able places for the hiding of a body, than that containing the skeleton, but I found a landmark which seemed to have a direct bearing on Halemaumau and the shelter, whereby the shelter could continue to be found with Hale- maumau in its present position. The site of the cache would seem there- fore to have been chosen with care and not by haphazard. The date of the concentration of Kilauea’s activity in Halemaumau does not appear to be more than 70 or 80 years ago. In former days, bodies of dead devotees of Pele, and perhaps others, were disposed of by being thrown into the molten lava of the volcano, but the custom fell into disuse after the advent of the missionaries. So putting the few clues together,—mature native female, native prep- aration of the body, deposition many miles distant from habitations, site landmarked with reference to Halemaumau, situation overlooking the fire-pit with skeleton similarly placed, and the fact that the body was not thrown into Halemaumau—would suggest that the skeleton was that of another devotee of Pele, more recent than the days of the tabu, who wished her last [ 12] Director's Report for 1019. 173 resting place to be as similar as possible to those of her predecessors as the altered customs would allow. With the assistance of Dr. T. A. Jaggar and Mr. J. Hedemann, a search was made in the vicinity of Kilauea for the heiau of Oalalauo recorded only by Ellis (1823). No trace of ancient struc- tures was found. Mr. Stokes writes: The conclusion was forced that the site must formerly have been on a portion of Waldron’s ledge which has since fallen down. Near the city of Hilo, certain markings, sun, moon, stars, etc., previously reported as petroglyphs, were located and found to be natural markings in the lava. In their vicinity, however, true petroglyphs of human figures were found.” Accessions to the ethnological collection resulting from field work by members of the staff remain to be catalogued; those re- ceived through gift, loan and purchase are reported by the Curator as follows: Gifts during the year have been received from: Mr. and Mrs. James Campsie, Mesdames Hans Isenberg, M. T. Harvey, and H. B. Sinclair, Miss M. L. Purdon, Messrs. G. P. Cooke, A. Gouveia, J. Mann, James Munro, H. Schultz, and G. P. Wilder and the estate of the late James W. Robertson. Two of the gifts were particularly valuable. One of them was a carved wooden figure from these islands, carried to America by Rev. Reuben Tinker about 1840, and given to the Museum with other specimens by two of his descendants, Miss Purdon and Mrs. Harvey. The other, from Necker Island, a stone shaped as if for an image, was given by Mr. G. P. Wilder. Two collections of note were among the loans. The executors of the John D. Paris estate deposited a collection found some years ago by the late Mr. Paris in a cave on the famous burial cliff at Kaawaloa. It included two specimens which were previously unknown to us: a so-called dancing skirt, a number of detached cords of twisted human hair—and a ceremonial wand of peculiar pattern. The Catholic Mission of Hawaii deposited three wooden idols which have been in its possession for about forty years. Two of them are over six feet in height and were found in Waipio valley on Hawaii, the source local- ity of so many of the native traditions. There were comparatively few purchases of specimens during the year. The wooden idols found in the neighborhood of the famous temple of Pi- hana, on Maui, were bought, following information received from another friend of the Museum, Mr. Charles Wilcox of Maui. PULMONATA The Curator of Pulmonata reports that the number of speci- mens added to the collection during 1919 is larger than that of any previous year. The Bryan collection of marine mollusca has been acquired by the [ 13 ] 174 Director's Report for rozg. Museum. It has been carefully catalogued and contains 4572 catalogue num- bers. Approximately 550 lots of shells loaned to Dr. Pilsbry by Mr. Bryan also have been added to the collections. The catalogue of the Thwing collection, containing 38,688 specimens dis- tributed over 7062 catalogue numbers, has been completed. The collection of the late FE. B. Giffard, presented to the Museum by Mr. W. M. Giffard in 1914, contains 4209 specimens distributed over 695 catalogue numbers, and includes two specimens of special interest. The first is a specimen of Ach. stewartil var. producta 31.6 mm. in length, which, as far as I know, is the longest specimen of the genus Achatinella that has been noted. ‘The second specimen is a simistral individual of Achatinella lo- rata (Fr.). As far as I know this is the only sinistral specimen of this spe- cies that has ever been collected. The Gulick collection, purchased by the late C. M. Cooke in 1905, and later given to the Museum by your curator, contains 11,456 specimens dis- tributed over 761 catalogue numbers. This is an important addition to our collection as it contains paratypes of a majority of Gulick’s species. The Cheatham collection, purchased by your curator in 1913 and later given to the Museum, contains 7062 specimens distributed over 174 catalogue numbers. It is rich in shells found in and about Wahiawa, Oahu. It is expected that four other collections will be catalogued during the coming year, namely, the George Munro collection from Lanai; the W. H. Hoogs collection; the Richard A. Cooke collection; and the C. Montague Cooke collection . The first-named collection was purchased by the Museum, the others were given by their respective owners. These collections added to the material on hand gives the Museum not only the largest but probably the most representative collection of Hawaiian Pulmonata in existence. During the year, 89,194 specimens have been entered in the catalogue distributed over 8856 catalogue numbers. More than four-fifths of the speci- mens catalogued during the year were fresh material. About sixteen thou- sand specimens might properly be classed as fossils. Valuable material has been received from the following individuals, to whom your curator wishes to express his thanks: Mrs. L. M. Dunbar, Miss M. Clough; Messrs. A. F. Judd, D. Thanum, C. F. Mant, A. Gouveia, J. C. Bridwell, J. S. Emerson, A. Knudsen, E. H. Bryan, F. Grinnell, J. Gilbert, W. S. Rycroft, C. N. Forbes, D. Fleming, G. H. Timberlake, K. Kahoana, and Rev. L. L. Loofbourow; Masters Murray and C. M. Cooke III. Interesting fossil material has been given by Messrs. G. Munro (from Lanai), D. Fleming (from West Maui), and A. Gouveia (from Puuwaawaa, Hawaii). Most of this material has been sorted but the larger portion requires cleaning before it is ready for cataloguing. On an expedition to the island of Molokai (February 4 to 21), in com- pany with Mr. A. F. Judd, a conchological survey of the region west and north of Puuolelo Hill was carried out nearly to completion . As a result of this trip more than five thousand recent specimens and about fifteen thousand fossil specimens were added to our collection. There were obtained also a number of rare color forms of Partula mighelsiana whcih had not been pre- viously recorded. A second expedition in company with Mr. A. Lindsay and Master C. M [| 14 | Director's Report for 1919. 175 Cooke III was made to Kauai. Through the courtesy of the owner head- quarters for nearly three weeks were made at the country house of Mr. H. P. Faye in the valley of Halemanu at an elevation of about 3500 feet. Over twelve thousand specimens, some of them among the rarest species collected in Hawaii, were the result of this trip. Borany An unusual amount of field work was accomplished by Mr. Forbes during 1919. Twelve trips on the island of Oahu resulted in adding about 125 sheets of specimens to the collections. From July to the end of the year, the field of operaiton was the island of Maui. To quote from Mr. Forbes: Through the kindness of Mr. S. A. Baldwin I was enabled to make headquarters at Ukulele, on the northern slopes of Haleakala at an elevation of about 5000 feet. From a camp several miles east of Ukulele I was enabled to visit a most interesting transition forest where there is an intermingling of species of plants characteristic of the upper rain forest and of the high upland zone. There was also a most interesting narrow zone with a bog flora. In ravines above this camp two species of Argyroxiphium were seen. Two camps were established within the crater of Haleakala. The first stop was in the Keanae Gap, a very wet locality but very interesting botanically on account of the close proximity of plant communities of recent lava, bogs, and rain forest. The second camp was near the large water hole opposite Oilipuu toward the Kaupo Gap. From this place trips were made out of the crater and down the north and northeast slopes. The rain forest is very dense in this section. The most interesting plant habitats are a series of cones and flats which extend down the mountain toward Hana. The first cone contains a lake surrounded with a zone of Carex; lower cones and flats have an open bog flora. In one of the bogs there occurs a very peculiar species of Wilkesia with a branching habit which may be a form of W. Grayana Hbd., but is probably another species of this rare genus. In the rain forests there is a beautiful species of Clermontia with reddish flowers which has not been described. On several trips down the Kaupo Gap, the most interesting plant observed is a fragrant flowered form of Viola Cha- missoniana Ging. I returned to Honolulu with 2208 sheets of specimens. For aid in many ways while on this trip I am indbeted to Messrs. S. A. Baldwin, W. A. Field, H. A. Baldwin and Rosencranz. After examining the collections and attending to accumulated routine, on my return to Maui in November, a base was established at Hana and a camp in Kipahulu Valley at an elevation of 1600 feet. In olden times this valley was probably in a high state of cultivation as taro patches are numer- ous, and acres of land are covered with wild banana; but now the under- growth is very dense, and old standing Koa trees indicate that the present growth is a secondary or even tertiary covering. Among the most interesting plants found here is a species of Cyrtandra distinguished from other de- scribed Hawaiian species by the peculiar shape of its calyx; and a species of Cyanea with orange colored blossoms. The Cyanea is identical with C. Copelandii Rock which was known only from a small area on the island of Hawaii. A short trip was taken toward Kaupo, going up the Pualaia [sal 176 Director's Report for 1oro. ridge and above Mokulau. At the latter locality there is a very fine forest of small yellow fruited guava, the trees varying from 30 to 60 feet in height. This land has been logged for fire wood and koa timber. I returned to Honolulu with 500 specimens. I am indebted to Mr. J. Fassoth and his sons for permission to camp at Kipahulu, and for help in many ways. The source and number of specimens added to the Herbarium during the year are given below. Unless otherwise stated the specimens have been donated. Dr. C. M. Cooke: from Oahu, 4; from Molokai, 1. Charles N. Forbes: from Oahu, 125; from Maui, 2769. Messrs. Fullaway and Giffard: from Hawaii, 10. Mr. A. F. Judd: from Hawaii, 1. Mr. George C .Munro: from Lanai, 14. Mr. Joseph F. Rock: Hawaiian Lobeliaceae (purchased), 112; from Kauai, 1. Mr. John F. G. Stokes: from Hawaii, 1. Mr. O. H. Swezey: from Oahu, 2. Mr. G. P. Wilder: from Kauai, 1. Total 3041 sheets. ENTOMOLOGY The Honorary Curator of Entomology, Otto H. Swezey, calls attention to the material collected during 1919 which, with the ac- cumulated collection (4500 specimens) of the two previous years, makes a large amount of pinned material waiting to be sorted and classified. The material collected during 1919 by various members of the staff is as follows: E. H. Bryan: ridges and valleys near Honolulu, Oahu, 860 specimens; Ewa and Barber’s Point, Oahu, 70 specimens; Waianae Mountains, Oahu, 50 specimens; Waihee and Iao Valleys, Maui, 170 specimens. C. M. Cooke, Jr.: Kokee, Kauai, 6 specimens. Charles N. Forbes: Haleakala, Maui, 22 specimens. John F. G. Stokes: Honaunau, Kona, Hawaii, 180 specimens. Otto H. Swezey: Glenwood, Hawaii, 142 specimens; Kilauea, Hawaii, 625 specimens; Hualalai and Kona, Hawaii, 1250 specimens; ridges and valleys near Honolulu, Oahu, 500 specimens; Ewa and Barber’s Point, Oahu, 140 specimens; Waianae Mountains, Oahu, 240 specimens. John W. Thompson: Honolulu, Oahu, 20 specimens. Total 4275 specimens. Besides this lot of material, quite a quantity was purchased from Mr. John A. Kusche of San Francisco, who had spent a few months collecting insects in the region of the head waters of the Waimea river, Kauai. Of this material 2000 specimens (chiefly moths) have been pinned up, and partially sorted and determined. Seventy-eight specimens of rare and inter- esting butterflies and moths of the western United States, were also received from Mr. Kusche. LIBRARY During the absence of the Librarian, Elizabeth B. Higgins, only routine work associated with cataloguing, binding, caring for exchanges, and distribution of publications, has been carried on. Several manuscripts, including the journal of Lucia Ruggles, have been copied for preservation. Accession to the library by gift, pur- chase, and exchange during 1919 will be incorporated in the report for 1920. [ 16] SECASIONAL PAPERS OF THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY Vol, Vil, "No: 9 WITH FIGURES I-VI PDUIBEE MOLEUSCA OF THE OREGON COAST BY CHARLES Howarp EpMONDSON HONOLULU, HAWAII BisHop MuskuM PRrEss 1920 Acknowledgment is due the United States Bureau of Fisheries under whose direction investigations recorded in this report were conducted during the period from August, 1917, to May, 1919, in- clusive. THe AvuTHOR, Edible Mollusca of the Oregon Coast.’ By CHarRLES Howarp EDMONDSON. IN'TRODUCTION. The Oregon coast from the mouth of the Columbia River to California presents an exceedingly varied contour. Low, flat, sandy beaches alternate with rugged headlands while the shore line is indented by numerous bays and inlets of greater or less extent. A number of rivers of considerable size, draining the Coast Range Mountains, flow into the Pacific within the boundaries of the state, their waters influenced by the daily tides for several miles from the ocean. Most of them expand into broad, shallow bays near their mouths and some of them are characterized by extensive mud flats on one or both siees of the channel which make ideal. habitats for numerous forms of marine or brackish water organisms. In many places the coast is paralleled by fringing chains of rocks representing remnants of a former shore line, now serving as footholds for such fixed organisms as have become adapted to the full sweep of the waves. As the physical features of any coast line determine the types of animals and plants that are distributed along it, so the organisms of the open beaches differ considerably from those found in the pro- tected bays and mouths of rivers or along the rocky shores. The habitat conditions in the tidal zone along the northwest coast are such that numerous lamellibranchs have become established and are maintaining themselves more or less successfully. Of this number there are about a dozen, besides the western oyster,? Ostrea lurida Carpenter, which have already been recognized, to some extent at least, as fit for human food. The following list of clams and mussels represents the bivalves, exclusive of the oyster, of the Oregon coast which have entered into the food economy of the people of the state in some slight degree: Siliqua patula Dixon, commonly known as the “razor clam’; Mya arenaria Linnaeus, the “long neck clam” or “eastern mud clam”’; Paphia staminea (Conrad), called the “little neck clam” or “hard clam”; Schizothaerus nuttalli Conrad, locally known as the ‘“Wash- ‘The investigations recorded in this paper were conducted while the writer was a member of the teaching staff of the University of Oregon. * For a discussion of the oyster see page 23 of this paper. [3] (179) 180 Edible Mollusca of the Oregon Coast ington clam” or the “great blue clam”; Saxidomus giganteus Des- hayes, sometimes called the “butter clam”, wrongly called the “quahog” at Netarts Bay; Cardium corbis Martyn, universally known as the “cockle’; Macoma nasuta Conrad, the “‘bent nose clam”, called at Newport the “oyster clam’; Pholadidea penita (Conrad), a rock borer, commonly but wrongly called the “rock oyster”; Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, the smaller and smoother of the two common sea mussels, and Mytilus californicus Conrad, the larger and rougher sea mussel. Besides these may be mentioned species of pecten which undoubtedly exist off the coast of Oregon, beyond the low tide line, but nothing is known at the present time regarding the distribution of the beds or their abundance. That the Indians made extensive use of clams and mussels along the northwest coast even before the advent of the white man is a matter of general knowledge. Along the Oregon shore, from Seaside in Clatsop County to southern Curry County, great heaps of shells or “kitchen middens” are common sights. Many of them are very old, some are covered with earth and vegetation, and others with shrubs and trees of considerable size. Without thoroughly investigating the contents of these mounds it was observed that they are composed primarily of shells of types of molluscs found living in the same vicinity at the present time. Although there is a somewhat general apathy of people toward fresh clams and mussels as food, probably due largely to unfamil- larity with them, and a very universal tendency to neglect things that are commonplace, the writer has observed a marked increase in the use of these sea products by the people of the northwest dur- ing the past few years. Statistics relative to the shore fisheries of clams and mussels of the Pacific coast states for the year 1915, as recorded by Radcliffe* in a report of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, are as follows: California. Value. Etardicl ais: 2s ss eee eee Lee $ 17,583 Soft clams: 5.) ee ee 18,107 Mussels: 1. Set. 5 he 2,326 Total 22.005 2 $ 38,016 * Radcliffe, Lewis. Fisheries Industries of the United States. Appendix X to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1918. Document No. 875, p. 1-167. [4] Edible Mollusca of the Oregon Coast 181 Oregon. TAO tea CLAN Syke ee nee Pe ee ht $ 10,900 SS LOLIRICIE sxe se, ee ee ie ee 3,041 TIRES 2 ao AE ese > ee ee erence $ 13,941 Washington. Fetia iN LADS aes ekg ee oe es Pt $ 12,191 LESSOR E07 FS eo eee neg ae 50,446 ‘SIO UE 1G Em ES a een ce ee 150 lL SSG. NSS Bal Sx ae eect Wee aero ae ad Re etd 83 Mey cca te ae oe 8 Sere St Bee $ 68,870 Wotal tor, the; three states... 28 $120,827 The same report indicates the following value of canned clam products of the Pacific coast states for the year 1915: Oregon. Value. Clataseand :clanaeyiice-. 2.222 $ 40,509 Washington. Claniseand= Clamiitice =e. 218,550 “TNCIEN A OOS 5 One ae’) stp ai ene meee cee ae $259,059 Although not setting forth the value of the canned molluscan prod- uct of California for the year 1915, the report states “that consid- erable quantities of abalone were canned in San Diego and Mon- terey Counties and a small pack of mussels was put up in Del Norte County”. The actual importance of clams and mussels as food products is much greater, however, than indicated by the census report. On the Oregon coast large quantities of clams are consumed locally, no record of which is kept. Clam digging is an attractive employment for crowds of visitors who are fortunate enough to be able to spend a few days or weeks at the beaches. In recent years many have taken advantage of the opportunity offered while at the beach and have canned a winter’s supply of clams for their own use. A can- nery designed primarily for the purpose of putting up minced clams has been in operation at Tillamook City, Oregon, for a num- [5] 182 Edible Mollusca of the Oregon Coast ber of years. The activity of the enterprise, however, is dependent upon the inclination of the diggers to supply the cannery with clams. During the salmon fishing season it is practically impossible to get men to dig clams, as higher wages can be made in the fish- ing boats. At nearly all of the towns on the Oregon coast where clam beds are accessible there are one or two men who devote at least a portion of their time to digging clams for local demands or near- by markets. Fish markets usuaily handle supplies of fresh clams for the convenience of the local trade. Through the courtesy of Dr. A. D. Howard, of the United States Biological Station at Fairport, lowa, some careful tests were recently made by a factory of that locality to determine the possi- bility of the utilization of the shell of Saxidomus giganteus in the manufacture of buttons. The conclusion was that this shell, like those of most marine molluscs, is too hard and brittle for that pur- pose. GENERAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE EDIBLE CLAMS AND MUSSELS ON THE OREGON COAST. I. Siliqua patula Dixon. Among the bivalves inhabiting the ocean beaches of our north- west coast, which have become recognized as food products either locally or in more distant markets, the razor clam is, in the opinion of many, of chief value. This clam is still abundant on the Wash- ington coast north of the mouth of the Columbia River in spite of the inroads made upon it by the canneries. A seasonal restriction limiting the activities of the clam canneries to a few months during each year has, no doubt, been a factor in stabilizing the razor clam on the Washington beaches. On the Oregon coast Siliqua patula has for many years main- tained itself in abundance north of Tillamook Head in Clatsop County where large quantities of the clams may still be taken dur- ing the year at periods of low tides. Until about six years ago beds of razor clams of considerable size were known to exist at many points throughout the entire coast of Oregon. There apparently occurred, however, a sudden depletion of the species along the sandy [6 ] Edible Mollusca of the Oregon Coast 183 beaches south of Tillamook Head, a satisfactory cause for which has not been ascertained. It is very probable that many influences contributed to this depletion. The changing character of the beaches may account for its total extermination in certain locali- ties. Some beds of clams of cousiderable extent are known to have been either destroyed or forced to migrate into deeper water by the sand in which they lived being washed away by the action of the waves, while others may have been smothered by the sud- den addition of sand. Continual digging together with possible unfavorable spawning seasons may, in other instances, have depleted the species. That the razor clam has never been wholly extinct in recent years south of Tillamook Head is evidenced by the fact that a few individuals have been taken each year in scattered localities along the coast. Whether the clam is able to migrate and estab- lish itself in deep water below the line of low tide when unsuit- able conditions arise in the more shallow water of the littoral zone is at the present time unknown. During the summer of I9g19 it was apparent that the razor clam was increasing in numbers at certain points along the Oregon coast, and its reappearance was noted in several localities where it had not been observed for a number of years. Beaches south of Tillamook Head from which the razor clam has been taken in small numbers during the past two or three years are located as follows: north of Netarts Bay; within Netarts Bay; between Netarts Bay and Cape Lookout (Figure 1); north of Yaquina Head; Agate Beach; between Yaquina and Alsea Bays; north of Heceta Head and north of the mouth of the Siuslaw River. Pos- sibly the species may have been taken at other, unreported points. The next few years may see this valuable clam establishing itself in increasing numbers on certain beaches where it was once very abundant. In such localities it should be unmolested for a year or two in order that it may increase in such numbers as_ to assure a stability of the species. A state law prohibiting the shipment of clams from Clatsop County during the period from June 20th to September 2oth of each year has been in effect for a number of years. This restric- tion does not, in the opinion of the writer, and apparently was not [7] 184 Edible Mollusca of the Oregon Coast intended to serve as a material check upon the actual taking of clams during the closed season mentioned above. The tourist season at the popular resorts of Seaside and Gearhart is at its height during the summer months. Stair, J. B., Old Samoa, Tondon, 1897. * Turner, George, Samoa a hundred years ago, London, 1884; Nine- teen years in Polynesia, London, 1861. “Williams, John, Missionary enterprises, p. 501, London, 1838. See also Ellis, William, Polynesian researches, vol. 1, p. 140, London, 1853; Christ- ian, F. W., Eastern Pacific lands, p. 65, London, roto. * Seeman, Berthold, Viti, p. 330, Cambridge, 1862. ” Safford, W. E., Useful plants of Guam: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb., vol. 9, pp. 8t-&2. ” Guppy, H. B., The Solomon Islands, p. 158, London, 1887. ™ Gray, Asa., U. S. Exploring Expedition, vol. 15, Botany, p. 407, Phila- delphia, 1854. ; * Ellis. Op. cit. “Brown. Op. cit. “Gray, ‘Op. cit. *® Seemann, Berthold, Flora Vitiensis, p. 207 (quoting Solander). rss] 232 Fish-Poisoning in the Hawaiian Islands this plant nor Tephrosia piscatoria were observed as fish poisons in Fiji. Brier List oF REFERENCES. Andrews, L., Hawaiian dictionary, Honolulu, 1865. Bates, H. W., The naturalist on the Amazons, vol. 2, p. 82, London, 1863. Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands, vol. 43, p. 273, Ohio, 1906. Bock, Carl, The head hunters of Borneo, p. 252, London, 1882. Brown, George, Melanesians and Polynesians, pp. 323 and 337, London, 1910. Campbell, Voyage round the world, p. 196, Edinburgh, 1816. Christian, F. W., The Caroline Islands, p, 126, Wondonieo?: Christian, F. W., Eastern Pacific lands, p. 65, London, 1910. Churchill, L. P., Samoa ’Uma, p. 122, London and New York, n.d. Ellis, William, Polynesian researches, vol. 1, p. 140, London, 1853. Fountain, Paul, The great mountains and forests of South America, pp .183 and 270, London, 1902: Guppy, H. B., The Solomon Islands, p. 158, London, 1887. Hale, A.; On the.Sakais: Jour. Anthr. Inst. London} vole: pacolk Hamlyn-Harris, R., and Smith F., On fish poisoning in Queensland: Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 5, pp. 1-22. Heller, A. A., Plants of the Hawaiian Islands: Minnesota Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bull. 9 (Minnesota Bot. Studies, I), pe S00, 1897: Hillebrand, W. F., Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, pp. 94 and 384, Heidelberg, 1888. Hodge, F. W. (ed.), Handbook of the American Indians north of Mexico, pt:.2Z, Poisons: U. S* Bur. Ethnse1 910: Mann, E. H., On the aboriginal inhabitants of the Andaman Islands, p. 146, London, 1883. [ 16 ] Fish-Poisoning in the Hawatian Islands. 233 Rock, J. F., Indigenous trees of the Hawaiian Islands, p. 283, Honolulu, 1913. Rose, J. N., Notes on useful plants of Mexico: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb., 4, p. 257. Roth, H. Ling, Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo, vol. 1, p. 458, London, 1896. Safford, Wi. E.,. Useful plants of Guam: Contr U.S. Nat. terb., 9; pp. 81, 196, 301. Seale, Alvin, Report of a mission to Guam: Occ. Papers, B. P. Bishop Mus., vol. 1, p. 61, Honolulu, 1901. Seemann, Berthold, Viti, p. 339, Cambridge, 1862. Seemann, Berthold, Flora Vitiensis, pp. 65, 82, 207, London, 1865-1873. Skeat, W. W., and Blagden, C. O., Pagan races of the Malay Peninsula, vol. I, p. 213, London, 1906. Watt, George, Dictionary of the economic products of India, vol. 3, p. 366, London, 1890. Williams, John, Missionary enterprises in the South Seas, p. 501, London, 1838. Bernice P. 2 sishop Museum Occasional Papers, Volume VII, Plate XVII A, MAKING HOLA: (1) FIRST POUNDING. MAKING HOLA: (2) TWO OUTER MEN STRIPPING BARK; (3) MAN ON INNER RIGHT AT THE FINAL POUNDING. (By request, the wood was thrown into the foreground.) Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers Volume VII, Plate XVIII B, APPLYING HOLA. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers Volume VII, Plate XIX A Es CAG Cie PMO TR B, AUHUHU, TEPHROSIA PISCATORIA PERS: (A small space was cleared around the shrub before photographing) EA & i : any 5 haa PAS Te A He oe hens ~ POLYNESIAN f ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY Von. ‘VIINo. ET: “Wire PLares XX—XXUL We N ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY ae .OF HALEAKALA easy a ee e OF na | /HONOLULU, HAWAIL ity aie ‘Bisuor Musgum Press oe eS sea CP RRS Gy Bee a eta i ied ‘ 2 i ; “ ‘- \ a 2 4h es, fa 4 : i] fei i ; 4 . ey ; as ath RE Bo Oe » ryt t ” “ f, A OCCASIONAL PAPERS Or = TELE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY Wore vt NO. ile Warm Prates SX X—SexIE AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF HALEAKALA BY KENNETH P. EMory HONOLULU, HAWAII Bisuor Mustum Press 1921 An Archaeological Survey of Haleakala By KENNETH P. Emory INTRODUCTION Haleakala, which is substantially coextensive with east Maui, is the giant volcanic cone of the largest inactive crater in the world. It rises from the sea to a height of 10,000 feet, culminating in a jagged wall 20 miles in circumference which forms the encircling rim of the crater broken only at Koolau Gap and Kaupo Gap. The floor of this crater, an area of about 15 square miles, lies 1000 to 3000 feet below the rim and forms a base from which rise a series of ancient cinder cones overspread by lava flows of various ages. This enormous pit with its meager plant and animal life and its uncongenial climate seems a most unsuitable place for even temporary settlement. “Tradition throws no light upon any occu- pancy of the Crater of Haleakala,t and few travelers across these desolate wastes have had occasion to wander far from well estab- lished trails. It is not therefore surprising that the existence of ruins within Haleakala has but recently come to the attention of ethnologists. Early in 1920 the Museum received from C. S. Judd, Terri- torial Forester, a photograph of a walled enclosure on the floor of the crater, and later in the year information from Miss Armine Von Tempsky, transmitted to the Museum by Mr. Ll. A. Thurston, led to the organization of a field party to investigate reported dis- coveries. Leaving Honolulu on August 27, Robert T. Aitken and the writer spent seventeen days at Haleakala on a preliminary reconnaissance survey that furnished sufficient data for Mr. Aitken to submit a report recommending further investigation. On Octo- ber 2, with Antone Gouveia as assistant, the writer returned to * Personal communication, March 23, 1921. sia (237) 238 Occasional Papers Bernice P. Bishop Museum Maui to complete the survey which is the basis of the present report. The Museum is under special obligation to members of the- Von Tempsky family, who have thoroughly explored the crater on their many hunting and camping trips. Their guidance and assist- ance are largely responsible for the results obtained. Acknowledg- ment is also made to Mr. H. A. Baldwin, who generously supplied horses and pack mules, and to Mr. W. A. Clark, manager of Grove Ranch, who assisted in many ways. ‘Thanks are due also to Mr. Aitken for the use of parts of his preliminary report which at various points supplement the observations of the writer. STONE, STRUCTURES =INS HARD ATCME PUU NAUE GROUP Exactly in the center of the Crater a symmetrical gray cin- der cone, Puu Naue, rises to a height of 250 feet above the level floor. Its crater dotted inside and out with the beautiful silver- sword plant and stunted pilo bushes, is 198 feet in depth and 750 feet in diameter. At the bottom are three terraced platforms (PI. XX, 4). The one on the north slope is in ruins as a large boul- der, rolling down from above, has destroyed a good part of the back and front retaining walls. Its horizontal dimensions? are 26 feet on the north, 24 feet on the sou’h, 11% feet on the eas*, and 10% feet on the west. The back wall rests on the slope of the cinders. The height of the front wall, though 34 inches at the southeast corner, averages not more than 32 inches. The east wall is not only higher and more solidly built than the others but is twice as wide and presents a table-like top. The structure has the appearance of a stone inclosure, but the whole platform was probably once filled with sand and gravel, so that its surface was level with the lower part of the surrounding wall, as were the other two platforms, which are in a good state of preservation. Although this structure is in ruins there is nothing to indi- cate that it is older than the east and south platforms. Possibly the reason for building it farther up on the slopes was that the * Measurements are estimated to the nearest half foot; to be more pre- cise would give a wrong impression, as the construction of the walls was always rough and irregular. [.4] =) 7 yes Ss Me gay = - Vk ae ae ot 8 = x] ay , Ye ee Mts = KG “ZS t/ 4 —— (i = pku ° as 7 Hl Un cn Ny, Nay Hh al i \ IY Me di HD uy oy I ce Wa Y) a) LY ihe ZF FB ii Vn 4, WY Uy y) ZG 2 Z4 \ II ee eee ma kaudhr Vip MIT GY, Zi ms / = = LA 7433 ‘ SS => Kad ‘© 7380" * Se Stale ~ i Ainowee 7 ive ISS SS S SS TA y Ze ‘\\ \ ws / SSS‘ ome . oe FA t Ws ate va my illu Mi oT ol Min, iN, ‘Se. “tify il Hi Wt i, Qa “UH amr, I) My ' ! Su, Wis! Sena hl hina in il hy ill, = AC ey, wii iy Min! Wy, Aueo Gap YZ Minpty \ My Uf yy) “SR yf Hi Sp Yl ; Nj, Wi Reg tn, 2 'y Vy yy, Uy s by W.D. Alexander in iy Yl, Zz Viz enneth P. Emory ey Emory—An Archaeological Survey of Haleakala 239 large stones near the bottom of the crater had already been utilized in the construction of the other two platforms. The slightly larger south platform (Pl. XX, B) is rectangu- lar, measuring about 26 by 16 feet. Its height along the north front is 2 feet, but the back is merely indicated by a single course of stones. Across the platform is laid a row of small stones making the northern end a nearly square enclosure. Our excava- tion of this structure proved that the walls had not been trenched or buried by sliding or drifting sands. The upper division had been excavated to a depth of 2 feet by Mr. Aitken. We excavated a pit 4 feet deep below the apparently undisturbed strata of cinders in the lower division and sunk a trench along the front outside wall, but discovered no shells, artifacts, nor skeletal ma‘erial. The excavation of the east platform to a depth of 5 to 7 feet below its surface and then under the walls gave us likewise nothing. This platform is 12 feet along the bulging north side, H2 feet on the south, 15% feet along the east, and 11 feet on the west. The highest part of the surrounding wall is on the west side, where it is 32 inches high. On a knoll at the southern foot of Naue Cone is a small platform. Its top is not flat like the others but curved up very noticeably toward the south. ‘his platform is 20 inches high, 4 feet wide and 11 feet long, extending east and west and is built solid of local s‘one on lava bedrock. We discovered this fact by taking down the structure, restoring it again immediately as we were always careful to do. Near this platform we picked up four water-worn pebbles the size of a large egg. BURIAL AHU IN KAMOA O PELE Ten minutes’ walk across the sands southwest of Puu Naue brings one to the low break in the wall of Kamoa o Pele, a cinder cone, colored an even, soft red. On the floor of its crater is an mae (Pl. XX A.) * Ahu as the term is used in this paper is a cairn built for some pur- pose by Hawaiians. In Polynesia the word ahwu signifies heap, or pile, and was often used to designate a stone memorial pile. lesel (Avance) 7’ Sy SS Ww ws SN WA eins SS N an ¥ E NY Sb HALEM AGU ye We Tree Nort» ioe | o e . \~ alt rae es ja! ) WW Nu Cnve Naw yuku ° TT ie ee v | ; “it (be i au Hee ae Ly Sank Oa, Nine. ai | ra WALKA Au| Fai a ue yl [a BM = i ( % / Ne 7 1% Soe Zi ae gle a I; ij)) BH Mp) % ees Will py, eu poe | is W/Z "alti He MN 4 “Ge Wey, => z = TS = Ss w My iuyiil™ \\N S ny My RN Muy Ze eee wana gy) y My SWB Part Keuaue