ae SOK NO ®2257 Copy ve ao OCEANOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS, 1956, EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES —_——_— ~ DOCUMENT 7 LIBRARY | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT-FISHERIES No. 233 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE MBL/WHOI MA A United States Department of the Interior, Fred A. Seaton, Secretary U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service OCEANOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS, 1956 EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES by D. F. Bumpus Oceanographer Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Special Scientific Report--Fisheries No. 233 mtribution No. 91% from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (This work was supported by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service under Contract No. 14-19-00d-2377 ) O 0301 009370e 5 Washington, D. C. November 1957 CONTENTS Page iNofshivtars Kel Chere Oa Ce MEE ie ioe MCR Gl Ren hab ood to mea S 1 IfaheRolshbyenaleya) G Oo GG b 6 G6 6 6 0 Oo 0 6 6 6 6 6 6:6 Bho 616.6 0 al Commentary, fisurés and data v0. oe 2 4 Sep ee ee eee 6 Grand’ Harbour, Grand Maneamy cai.) nies oo reins micnins uteuercimren oom nyES 8 Mlopernilichelel dipifsdehedehye) 5 4 6 6 G@ 6 0 oO 8 6 6 6 Oo 5b 6 6 om 6 6 qi Boston Lightship «004: ea. nom 6 = ne, Se See Georges Shoal, Texas Tower 72 <.: 2 6 «=. «i « =) aus us speemeenole Werehpbralioe. Iipledaycleste: Goo ou bo oO 0 o pb Ob ad 0 0 oo oO Bi Woods Hole, Massachusetts . . . 1. + 56 «© 2 2 + ee ee ewe 51 Ie bY PAcacks) Jnledshosfabl cecum Quem G0 6 0 G 6 oO too eu bd 6 6-0 53 Kingston, Rhode Island . . 1. 2. 6 ss 2 2 ew we ew we wee 56 /Milongoys(oyelGaltedaueyssouhoy G Moy to sok ONO O hc ob o oO o o ofo-o 6 < 58 laengateyedane Iplalenysoblo “5 5 Fp 6 6 6 6 6 6 O06 6 OG bo oO 66 Hive Hathnom: Bank Giehtshipy ene eee cele ce we) oe utc een onute 74 Winter Quarcer Dightship (ss 9. 39.5 6 se) 2 edn enc OS Chesapeake laehtship ee tena) ee) ey) se) estou susie venmeiames 92 Diamond ‘Shoals; Gightshsioy 2) vee See ee esis ers) ente cH ECOITE Frying Pan -Shoalis Diehtship <0. a-« = Ge). 6 soe «os eae Remlello savannah Bightship, «2 2 6 2 «© 2 «6 w@ 5% 5 2° a so ete eere loo Brite hag: Hebe ala On lari -{6 eer ee ENG Nr, oo AO eHeacecueehesoh ms GO Gotoh cucco JLSe LIST OF FIGURES Locations along the Atlantic Coast reported herein Yormal cycle of temperature at surface and bottom along the string of observation posts for 1950 . Grand Harbour, Grand Manan .... . PoicwllaisGl jtmeleslese ¢. 6 6 6 0 6 6 6 96 6 5 6-6 6 OG GO A BOS WOM, Ikaieltcseni 6 6 6 of 6 0 56 8 0 0 0 0 0D 6 6 6 @aonmsas Slael o 6 6 oo o 6 oO 6 6 6-0 6 G6 dK INBTRROWE Ibsen 6 o 5 6 6.0 6 5 0 0 5 6 6 6 6 oo Woods Bel 6 oo 6 6 6 0 8 0 OO oO 6 5 Do 6 a6 Be O G Buvarrenacls) IbaledengSenlio. 4 9 o o 6d D0 oO 6 5 oO @ 6 6 Oo 6 64 KoA 6 6 © 6.0 0 8 6 6 8 OO 6 G 6 0 6 Go-oRS /Naloncose) lbplalaesyblje) 4 o 6 6 oO 6 o 6 O06 6 0 60 6-6 6-0-8 seinen Ibsftahesloilig. 6 6 on 6 0 © Oto ooo. 0 07 © no Five Fathom Bank Lightship ...... RelonSie Qpiercuoie inalelahesinglig 6 5 6 6 6 6 0-0-0 O06 O06 6 CMASEYISe IMS Ibslelmesioiie 6 6 do. 6 a o,olo 60 6 6 6 Diamondyishoalls, Magehtshiipl i a... manele acyayales letenal (Slevoeuliesy Malfedanesgaljo) g 9 of 6.6 6 dono 6 OO Sancta isvetaeiaiG) 095 o 6 0 6.10 0 6 6 6 0.6 0.6 0 6 Page LIST OF TABLES Surface water temperatures-monthly and annual means sneha JUOS{e, 5 6 6 5 Grand Harbour . Portland Lightship Boston Lightship . Georges Shoal . Nantucket Lightship . Woods Hole Buzzards Lightship Kingston ... Ambrose Lightship . Barnegat Lightship Page . . o 6 AG 5 . ° Daan oo 9 o 8 . a ¢ e . 5 YE 13 : : . o 8c af os ic Be Sh eee ee: 35 Five..Pathom Rank Gighteship: ce © s,s «e.« es & «ee sew oe Wao Winter Quarter Lightship. a Vos 4s. 4 eas auc: suyeieeaee, Oo Chesapeake Lightship Diamond Shoals Lightship . . .... + + + 6 2 «+ 2 + © +» 103 Frying Pan Shoals Lightship . 2 6 = 5 « = « = 4 s 6 =«0-6 JG Savannah Lightship SiG tooo OG OO ad Goo oe NAS Oceanographic Observations, 1956 East Coast of the United States Abstract The daily water temperature and salinity observations from sixteen locations along the Atlantic seaboard during 1956 are tabulated end dis- cussed. Diagrams of the one-third monthly means are presented. This is the first time that it has been possible to present a synoptic descrip-_ tion of the annual cycle of temperature and salinity for the coastal waters of the United States. Introduction Through the cooperation of the U. S. Coast Guard, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution established in late 1955 a series of Oceano- graphic Observation Posts at a number of the lightship stations along the east coast of the United States. Each lightship was furnished with a kit of oceanographic equipment and was requested to make the following observations: Daily bathythermograph lowering. Daily surface water temperature reading and surface water sample. Daily record of air temperature, weather, wind and clouds. Weekly bottom water sample. These data have been forwarded on a monthly basis to Woods Hole where they have been processed. The bathythermograms have been read at several levels and tabulated in the accompanying tables. The surface water temperatures were used as a check on the bathythermograph. The water samples were titrated for salinity and tabulated. The records of air temperature, weather, wind and clouds were used in studying the other data, but are not presented here as they are the same as those published in the daily weather maps issued by the U. S. Weather Bureau. In addition to tabulating these data, mean temperatures for each level for 3 equal time periods per month have been determined and plotted as time profiles for the year for each station. The one-third monthly mean surface temperatures have also been plotted in comparison with the monthly mean surface temperature for the period of record of each station. The surface salinity one-third monthly means have been appended to the profiles, together with the weekly bottom salinity values. The monthly mean surface water temperatures for the year 1956 for all stations are listed in Table 1, for comparison with previous records (Bumpus, 1957). Certain independent observers have kindly forwarded to us daily water temperature readings at shore stations, These data are also tabulated herein and the one-third monthly means depicting the annual progression of surface water temperatures are presented, The following stations are reported herein, (See Fig, 1) Station Grand Harbour, Grand Manan Portland Lightship Boston Lightship Georges Shoal, Texas Tower #2 Nantucket Lightship Woods Hole, Mass, Buzzards Lightship Kingston, R. I. Ambrose Lightship Barnegat Lightship Five Fathom Bank Lightship Period 1 Aug 1955-31 Dec 1956 17 Dec 1955-28 Dec 1956 12 Nov 1955-31 Dec 1956 21 Apr 1956-31 Dee 1956 3 Jan 1956-12 Dec 1956 2 Jan 1956-31 Dec 1956 1 Mar 1956-31 Dec 1956 6 Sept 1956-31 Dec 1956 1) Dec 1955-30 Nov 1956 1h Dee 1955-16 Dec 1956 15 Dee 1955-31 Dec 1956 ro Data To: Tots T391 Teor, Toots Ti50's Sqr, 5z 501 To's T3019 Tsors Toots Sots Soot Tors Sor Tors T3919 Teor Toots T150'» T1801» Sct, 5180! Tors T3919 Tots Tgcts Sot, Sgor Toty T30%, Toots T70!'s Sots S701 Tots T3ot, Toots Test, Sots Sgcr Station Winter Quarter Lightship Chesapeake Lishtship Diamond Shoals Li ghtship Frying Pan Shoals Lightship Savannah Lightship Period 1 Dec 1955-31 Dec 1956 28 Nov 1955-31 Dec 1956 29 Nov 1955-29 Dec 1956 30 Nov 1955-31 Dec 1956 18 Jan 1956-31 Dec 1956 Data To', T3901, Toot, Tost, Sots S951 Tot, T3091, Teor, TE5r, Sots S651 Tots T39ts Tcors Toots Tisoty T1L80's Sots 5180! Tors T3915 Toots T7915 Sot, S7o: Tors T3915 Tgts Sots Sy 45° & gm Tani » LS £8 ae iOS @ PORTLAND . LIGHTSHIP BOSTON © LIGHTSHIP Ki one “8S roy rae ovis © GEORGES BL BWOODS HOLE SHOAL - J 5 bd SG fpr “ee SU fe 3%, NANTUCKET © AMBROSE YS PLIGHTSHIP, LIGHTSHIP ane | (ras, SL ae Sethe ene er 40° ® BARNEGAT / LIGHTSHIP™: f' FIVE FATHOM BANK LIGHTSHIP..~ ( ihe dey // @WINTERGUARTER Sle LIGHTSHIP ‘ CHESAPEAKE LIGHTSHIP ‘\ 4 ) \ 7~ @ DIAMOND SHOALS i ° Y _-" LIGHTSHIP 35 @ FRYING PAN SHOALS LIGHTSHIP @ SAVANNAH" LIGHTSHIP 80° 75° 70° as Figure 1. Locations along the Atlantic Coast reported herein, 4 dtyszyue ty yeuueres g°Ol nee? 1°89 2°9L 9° 6L L°08 2°08 6°92 L°OL neg L°09 €°29 Ww UTALA a JT sTeous ueg 2 ysqust dt O29. by GS) L°99 6°89 9°9L ile dees 6° 6 9°9L 6°69 1 €9 Megs 0°65 Curl Usps TI STeoug puowuetq at he us T° €S L°95 o°n9 0° el o°9OL Eee L°69 aga o* en eee O°TT O°6e TT exyeedesayg Q Ee) dtyszys €°95 0° 2s 0°8s @ the) eae sy! Ue ale) g°Ts Mert Lau Tot 6° 0" US}UST ToyTen’) 1e4UTM by at (e) dtyst ust] yUe_ woe SATE CO Xe) ° (ee) I (an) dtysqusty yesoure ay Gu BPS = ee Ie Sys 2 O84 LOL x09) ~6195° -o. 119 C109) a= 6589) 0799546705, 1795 0719 8°09 = SONG EOS) Ses. SO YAM US ash SS Oroi Qvol ses, occ 6 al Wpeieey = = TT 9° Tt Tor Fi Q°6E GONG -S NSS 1S -O GS = G°9E Sg RS Gore Biro aa ioe fA = r Erde al my oe 6° LE ey BS 2 5 ry o ey lon 5 N (eo) 3 fe) a 3 63 N a ct 5B Pa fe) n © a =} og fe) © § a. 14 i o z =} n ce) o) [ew EY co D ce y oy 3 2 a eS 5 a a of2 & Ei o on, oe ae) ib Sr Ks, ie 9561 10f sues, Tenuuy pue ATU UOW - sounjeteduey ueyem edejyang “T eTaeL Ah 6° ET g°et 1° ¢s L°95 S°gS T° 65 g°0S eat B°ge oot g°ge T° ge dtyszUsTT pueT} 10g eon Tee ant 9° 6T Tes L°S5 Lacs 9°05 haa g°on 6°Ck g°ce So ueUey] puerH uuy aq AON 4°20 das ony ToL une Ley ady Lehi qed uep This is the first time that it has been possible to present a synoptic description of the temperature and salinity regime surface to bottom for the east coast of the United States. Rathbun (1887) and Parr (1933) have previously described and discussed the surface tempera- tures along this same coastline for earlier periods. Bumpus, 1957, has tabulated the monthly and annual means of all the available surface temperature data for the period of record. We are particularly indebted to the U. S. Coast Guard personnel manning the lightships for their careful participation in this respon- sibility which is in addition to their regular chores; to Mr. Edward Green at Grand Harbour, Grand Manan; Mr. George Ferris at Woods Hole; Mr. Steacy Hicks at Kingston, R. I., and the 12th Weather Squadron USAF at Georges Shoal and Otis AFB. We are desirous of continuing the collection and publication of these data on an annual basis. We should be glad to include data of comparable nature from other locations were they available. This work was supported by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service under Contract No. 14-19-008-2377 with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Commentary We have attempted below in the commentary for each station to point out the obvious features which characterize in general the hydrographic conditions during the year 1956. Obviously the biological investigator concerned with a particular group of plants or animals, or a more pre- scribed area, may wish to look to the data for more details than we have generalized here. Parr (1933) went into some detail about the reliability of estimat- ing the bottom temperature at lightship positions along the Atlantic Coast from the surface temperatures. He had no continuous records of bottom temperature at these positions. We now have, for the first time, a diagram of the surface and bottom temperature throughout the year (Figure 2) along the string of lightship positions from Portland to Savannah. The major feature which Parr did not discuss is the displacement of the maximum bottom temperature to much later than the time of maxi- mum surface temperature; from one to three months later at all loca- tions from Diamond Shoals northward except Georges Shoals where the water is always isothermal. Because the thermocline is so weakly developed on the shelf south of Hatteras the time of maximum tempera- ture is practically the same at the bottom as at the surface. *ATeaT oedset amjesedwe}, wnUTXeW pUe WNWTUTW o}yeoTp -UT SOUTT paysep pue peyjop AaeayH °9G6T Jog szsod uoTyeAZesgo fo SUTIYS oud STI) wOZ0Q pue (FFOT) SOeTMs OY4 Je SAN}eTEauioy FO eqToso Tenuuy \ suocte (4 HVYNNVAVS NS 3 NVd ONIAYS GNOWVIG 3yV4adVS3SHO ERR) fale} YSLNIM WOHLV4 BAIS LVOSNuVE SSOuSWY [ LAXONLNYN WOHS $39Y4039 NOLSOS /| ONV1L80d do‘ 1 WOLLOG Grand Herbour, Grand Manan The monthly means tabulated here suggest that the temperatures in Grand Harbour are lower during the winter months and hicher during the summer months than those recorded at Southwest Head, Grand Manan, almost eight miles away during the period 1929-1936 (Hachey, 1939), The annual mean temperatures are almost the same for both vlaces, Temperature fluctuations et Grand Harbour are subject to day to day variations of several derrees due to the broad expanse of shallow water where extreme heating or cooling may take place, the larze tidal ranse end broad opening to the South and thoroughfare to the northeast permit substantial exchanse with the open sea dependent on the wind and tide, hee — aoe a ic] TEMPERATURE , °F SURFACE T, °F | | | fe oe J A Ss ° N 1») —< —— Figure 3. Grand Harbor, Grand Manan, 1956 (thin line); Southwest Head, Grand Manan, 1929-1936 (dashed line). e°re g° en ms 9° T1099, g°OS 2°9S S°et S °6t £25 6°9" S°es 6°Sh Gea = °TS - 6°6N = 6°LS 9° 6" TE “st = S°9t = T°TS = 6°€S = 6°0S g °tS =e 5°65 S°0S 9 “6 B95 °6t S°ts AS T°es S°es °09 Tees °09 ts 6° tS eS 5°95 2°95 °29 = °9S = 8°8S S°0S 6°65 °@5 5°65 6°€S g° ds 9°18 °09 °0S $°9s S°tts 9°15 "400 «= *4deg *Ns8 OOH S°2%9 SS6T ~ do Sinzereduy eoezang *usey plempg °ay Aseqmoo ‘kep aed ZutTpeed sug °4y3TT mMoqrey puetin Woly LJoqrey ey, Jo apts ysem eyy dn aTTw suo qnoqe Jeqem MOTTeYS UT Ueyxe, SUOTPeEATEOSgQK & STIL eum (’ weeyy Sey Tady “ae QOS Sue Fi AN MANO Lr DOO yy UOW VayNYO ‘°a °N ‘NYNVW GNVvuD {noe av CNVuD Souul upsets om 9°99 9° 6 T°2s S° lt = g°9or °0S Toor 2°OS ° Lil °6t S°st 2°98 64] en Ton S°TS €°ts €°TS g°0S 2°t1s 2° 6 °TS 9° lt et S°9t °TS 9°ST S°9t ns S205 °TS Tes €°0S €°2s *6t S°en Ten °95 9°9T Bag S° 6h ° tS S°lt 9°25 6°2S 9°TS “tS - es nets °€S *TS S°6t oes °0S o° SS °9S °09 g°Ts mis S°0s °9S ees a *990 °4dag *NiQ°ON StH Fa) ae "Sen a ee ° aa (ms A 5 40.5 = - - - alls - 6 ho. . : : OV) we 7 = - zi - es eo S 8 2 = o - = = = 9 = z a mn = e Z 10 = = - = - - - 11 = 40.7 = : : = 207 - a 38,1 = a — — 33 203 bd 13 : 2 - : “ : 1h - - = - - - - 15 38,1 < é = = : rs 16 = = - - = - = 17 h2.5 = - - - 32.19 - 18 36.1 320 31 ee 362 BTeL 58 - 19 36.5 3655 36.4 3765 38.0 32.08 = 20 36.2) 364/) 36.9" 37637 38.0 31.92 - ca 36. 3668 3767. 38.3 * 39.0 82 - Ze Shel es06g “ao lec 0500 me 36H e77 «©3289 ce) 35.0 3855. 38.9 39.6. 39.4 31.62 - 2h 36.8 36.8 36.9 39.9 ho.o 32651 aed 25 35.9 3641 39.1 = 396n 39.9 026 - 26 Bie? EUs gobs a3. hO. 056 - 21 35.6 E- = - = 258 ad 205) 73555 - - - ~ 68 - 4] - - - - - - - 30> 3ie> - = - ~ oh9 - gE 3855 - - - - 059 - Mean BE.1 3850 38.4 39.1 39.3 32050 32.09 14 Table 3 (cont'd) PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 43°31,6'N. 70°05.5'W, Depth of water - 150 feet February 1956 Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth bay OF 2 Oa 50)! 100 e150" O50" 5 Soll Wolk B/G) SEO) B55) 32.26 - 3 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.4 39.8 o37 =. Leese 1113050)" 3058" 39.0 939.2 035) 32.6 2 38.5 38.7 39.0 565 v4 PY-at on 7 - = - = = = = 8 Boo be Joel 36.0) 39.1 02h - 9 397.0 38.8 38.5 38.8 392 026 ad 10 39.0 38.8 38.5 38.9 39.8 ap tal —_ ani 39.9 39.9 40.3 hO.5 0.6 10 = 12 =- - = - - = = US a9e6 | 3969) ) hOse ehO5 hod 50 - 14 39.5 39.8 39 9 ho.0 39.7 als o a5 38.1 38.8 38.9 38.9 39.0 eLT oe 16 Stein 1 shes) SIA) she shel olt7 - 17 My Ae sh O50) - ol - 18 Soa Boil BE Bob SAY olal = syaRsih aly) 39.6 39.6 39.5 39.5 39.5 ot. bar 20 Ses Se BAG) SIL@ Sho 40 - al 38.5 Boe 39.0 39.8 ho.0 ell og 22 38.4 38.5 38.6 Sent 39.5 oly) = 23 38,2 Bos2 3832 39.3 Sot als} ir 2h Billed. Bice BT 9 38.9 39.9 Soo = 25 - - - - - - - 26 - - - - - - - 27 = : = = e 7 = 28 - - = = = s 4 29 Sos) Sick) SIGS) mu SISA ola Skis B23 932639. 30 ol Mean 38.8 38.9 38.9 39 39.6 32.30 32.0 its Table 3 (cont'd) PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 3°31.6'N. 70°oS,5'w, © [Sle H S = O90 ON AWE WP SUaREGRE iy Mean March 1956 Temperature OF WL OULU fe ee ° WL O Go e WWwWWWwWw WWww ONT SILNST SU e WSO NM MH CON 36.6 16 37.0 Depth of water - 150 feet Salinity °/oo ot 32.13 150! 32,38 Table 3 (cont'd) PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 43°31 .6'N. 70°05.5'W, oO @ [ele p> = OVD DOAADNEWNHH SSoREAREGKE WWWWW Ee BSSSBER bE ® @ e@ e e e @ e e DON KMPNAIHrPHY OPW en April 1956 Temperature OF 30' 373 Depth of water - 150 feet Salinity °/oo 0! 150! 32 8h 32.29 Table 3 (cont'd) PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 3°31,6'N. 70°95, 5 tw, oy @ te = OVD OAARWNEWNH May 1956 Temperature OF 100! 36.8 Depth of water - 159 feet Salinity °/oo 29,83 150! w j=) @orprpe eons x roo) 31.30 Table 3 (cont'd) PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 3°31.6'N, 70°05.5'W. | Depth of water - 150 feet June 1956 Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth ‘ Day o' 30° 50" 100" 150! o' 150! - 5.6 42.5 ho 37.1 37.0 30.27 - 3 Mn te se et Be) 32802 hk 6.6 2.0 39 7 Biles be e =. Se uiec led Ose) = 39 la Silec - - 6 ney fs) ralss} shy Siel( SG 30.44 = rf 48.0 2,1 0.7 B9e9 38.8 29.52 7: : PAS 2.7 0.9 39.3 38.9 30.22 a 10 x ‘ : a z aby hh. 2.5 2.5 h1.4 = 31.06 =. 12 h6.9 1.9 2,2 1.5 > 30.41 Oo Mey 52625 uae eso) hide - 28.60 - 1) 46.5 bh.2 43.0 2.1 = 29.91 ial HSM O60 uullted) 259) h250)5 ho. 29.90 - 16 oe 7.6 45.5 Wed a 30.61 or: 17 Bese Tely uoen 369s 45.0 28.40 31.90 18 e 47.0 h nal = = 30.23 = 19%) Sls - = - - 31.08 - 200 52.9) Seed bet heh h2er 30.18 = 2a 5L.0. 5060) 15.6 - - 30.48 - 22 536 - - - - 30.37 - 23 Polina irslse) LN ach) ae 30.21 - ai Se pds hin a less esky 30.53 31.4 25 20 9.5 hh.2 42.7 = ee 5 26 5545 50.9 bho 41.7 - 30.52 - 27 55 6.7 bh.1 1.9 0.1 29.66 ed 28 ete eo0es uoeue Le - 29.78 - 29 ° - ~ - - 30.70 - BOm ohe2. ele h2cany hss 30.66 - Mean 50.8 45.6 43.0 41.21 39.4 30,19 31,82 13 PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP oO @ ct Se BE at NO ed DN ONANEWNEH Table 3 (cont'd) 43°31.6 'N, 70°05,.5 Ne July 1956 Temperature OF h7 3 EE Ee @ foe) ne ie) oO 43.4 (42.0) 20 Depth of water - 150 feet Salinity °/oo 0! 30,65 250! 31.92 1 | i] at 1 3 i] ss) 31.38 Table. 3 (cont'd) PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 3931.6'N. 70°05,5'W, d i | cr OONIAWNEW pH [ele 10 August 1956 Temperature OF od tol ales, suet 42.1 E oO 1 0 0 0 ine) 40.7 Depth of water - 150 feet Salinity °/oo 0! 150! (o) On 32 ce me oa al ime | Ww pes I On 31.9h 150! Salinity °/oo 0! Depth of water - 150 feet 150! September 1956 100! Table 3 (cont'd) 13°31.66'N.* 70°05, 5'W, 50! Temperature OF 30! 0! PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP Z 2 fegtt¢@tt e8 NN N fom) Lomy tWNINO mM Ot tro ODM AO RM AHO MS eo @ 6 e ee e® @ e © cd tomy CS OOOO. © Cor ndaqnoor Bor aAG RGB od x OTA Oe oN NY Ort e @ SSFARAARRS Pa oie Os No joke) \ e e e 00 0O .2 LN on rMAON OD IN e COHN wawe in SSSARSRO EM i ONO en) @ ® Hn ANAK O XO \O \O \O NomNoR Van lau Tay SESE NE) NNO Ee OS Ww (omy ooo 6 @e @ 8 8 8 nN ony OD AINAD AMO O BS Ee eA ep EA ON oe @ @© @ @ o @ @ No) NAM OMW ho ' S64! awo co tap) epee aap pe eg AAO AST NUNN SHOX ‘Sag SetMiN UO eat ete hy Stet ONAN ONMN Oh e@ e@ e@ © &# @ Pe MARRR UA TA LA ® CVIN St OIA SN 10 at NLA TALA LATIN LALA godt Eee nes ed NG Oe W\ ON NOUN ONO NO 1 —t TN HAALA LA LALLA LA LAAN NHATWMNSO &O QO a fp es eee per ee oy ON N IOS ONS NU ied Morante ttf-O as fs men tpn pn jm pe | BOs 0 a ee tt atin ANXAOAN OM DDN ; ; a Tethered NAN AAR AReaaRA AANA OADANIN CE es NONM LATAAIN LWNIN LAN UE EEN: 32.29 salt 53.7 9.6 8.0 c2 55 elt 5607 Mean Table 3 (cont'd) PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 3°31.6'N, 70°05,5'w, Depth of water - 150 feet October 1956 Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Day OV SOU Fo Noy alloy o' 150! Deo 3 69 ee osc oles 5050 31.08 - 2 5u.9 521 b2 62 S15 oa 5 = 3 Sh.2 Shoat 53.8 AS) 48.9 046 bd We eeOan 5255 50.0 LOT ahivels 25 - Deoscea) a0) 52698 7) SUI 7 69 282 - 6 53.0 52.2 525 O55) od 286 > 8 yee) 7.8 lived hh. 7 269 cord ) 53.9 53.8 5361 h9.3 h7.9 Aon Ga? 10 8.1 7.6 hi7 ol 3. 8 — Sale 85 at alal - - = - - - = 12 - = - - - = = oS C uy oee2 oee0 | hOL 8 e2 31.94 - 1), 52.0 52.0 51 7 8.7 6.7 arts} — US = Beo@ | ind) bs als G00) 66 - 16 53.3 53.0 52.4 9.0 hi/eS 095 (ae 17 53. baad ba) fod EA 289 > 18 53.4 52,2 leet! 8.3 8.0 31.64 =. 19 : a = = = 4 - 20 52.2 52.1 51.9 9.0 7.2 32,00 = 2M S200 ONG SNe NOSOF hirel 31.98 = 22 byes} Seo) leh Iss ype 88 = 23 - - - = = ae 52.9 52 8 S55) 50.3 48.6 095 by BB) = eat ae Z z x : 27 50.7 50.8 50.8 50.9 50.4 os, a 28 51.0 51.0 51.0 51.0 50.0 31.92 oe 29 50.7 B05 49.9 50.2 h9.6 32.46 om 30 51.8 SiL63} 51.3 pil 5 50.0 B92 = 31 50.8 50.8 50.1 50.0 L727 os am Mean 52.4 52.0 51.6 49.6 8.4 31.74 (32.2) Zs) Table 3 (cont'd) PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 3931,6'N, 70005.5'W, js) o) Dy sl OD ONAN WNH EOSRE 15 November 1956 Temperature OF Dio). NSE TUNEL NENT yevevexe 5 100! bOn 24 Depth of water - 150 feet Salinity °/oo 32 .09 150" 32.19 Ei Table 3 (cont'd) PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 3°31.6'N. 70°05.5'W, Oo @ Elz OMIKAWUEWN-H > 10 Decenber 1956 Temperature OF 30! 50! 5.0 5.3 hes 45.0 Wu. hie 100! 45.0 6.0 45.0 ee hd bb.3 Depth of water - 150 feet Salinity °/oo 0! 32.38 6 150! 32.8) DEPTH IN FEET Boston Lightship Mean surface temperatures for 1956 exhibited little departure from the means for the period 1925-19)1 (Bumpus, 1957) except for the last of May and early June which were several degrees cooler and the last of July and first two-thirds of August which were several degrees warmer than the means for the period of record, The autumn temperatures cooled more slowly than the mean, Water temperatures at this position ranged from slightly less than 37°F, surface to bottom, in March, to 68°F at the surface in Aucust and almost 520F at the bottom in October, The thermocline was well developed from mid-dune to mid-September, Surface salinity ranzed from 32.5°/00 in January to 30.5°/00 in mid-June with recovery to nearly 32.0°/00 by the end of the year, Bottom salinities were 1/2 to 3/h 9/00 higher than the surface salinities during the period of thermocline development, but generally tended to follow the surface salinity at each end of the year, 70, co) TEMPERATURE , °F 4 \ N > fe] ee pb a \\ \ NS \S Won ee a BOTTOM S%o SO ga OO —2—0—o—o—o ° ©—o—0—o-9__, —°—° o—o = _e-? SALINITY, %o SURFACE S %o Ficure 5, Boston Lightship, 1956, (Dashed line in upper diagram, mean for period 1925-19))1) 26 Table fe) [0] BOSTON LIGHTSHIP 42 20.K'N. 70 W5.5'W, Depth of water - 96 feet 1955 November December {e) fe) {o) (e) Temperature F Salinity /oo Temperature F Salinity /oo Depth Day 0! 30! So! 95! 0! 95! QO! 30! So! 95! 0! 95! 1 NTO) L7COus 6.9) 14609)) 31.93\n 2 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 on, = 3 se 6e3) 6k? Geo. 27501 = h InGal thgysal NGaTE sissy Vshlatlo) 5 ieee nepal Whose a ihishy 82 - 6 INGE (0) HSS) Neo) ESO) aie rt Inns (ih naa) neal 86 - 8 Naot ING? hey) hes 092 - 9 Whe9 45.0 45.0 5.9 93 == 10 510) bh.o hh.O hh .O Soa cS 11 hhe7 Whe? he? bh.7 32,01 er 12 50.1 50.1 50.1 50.6 31.43 . Whe9 Whe9 dh .9 hg 003 = 13 50.2 50.2 50.3 51.0 210 b~ he? hh? h.8 Whed ee - 1h 50.0 50.2 50.3 50.9 ABT o bh bhes hhe6 bh 6 cal = ME RESO ee) I5O.L S062 50.) ap) W250) so So) 5) ng - 16 9.9 h9.9 50.1 50.) 052 cd Msie2 h3.2 h3.2 ng} 2 32,08 = 17 48.9 49.5 9.7 h9.k ee - N29 s2e9) eco sce VBOa79 - 18 49.3 h9.2 9.2 9.2 266 - eh WA Wess} hing) sy2hoy = OME ToS) AUDIO) Gh9ce “hee a3.) = 42,0 2,0 h20 hh.o SOO a= 20 = = 1 = = = Wek ral hioh relan 207 = 21 48.4 48.6 48.6 8.6 Heal - 40.2 4O.1 40.1 39.9 s06 32.06), Cemeitel Net cutet Lier 89 = 39.9 O.l 0.1 0.0 Al) - 23 8. 8.5 48.5 8.5 208 C2 39.2 39.3 39.3 39.6 el8 oS 2h 48.0 48.9 8.0 8.0 - - S60) Selo espa nlc) ocle = 25. 48.4 8.5 8.5 8.6 289 = 3923 39.8 1.0 1.0 aan a 26 7b 7.9 7.9 7.9 288 om BOR ho.0 ho.0 hO.O 236 i 27 6.9 6.9 6.9 h6.9 IL = 39.6 hO.0 ho.o ho.0 e 6 on 20 US utes HUBEO) GuBsO + 31236 = Osta lOsly Ost COLO) =. 56.32.01 COMMU 2 ties Mune BUGel a 132.0c - 397 39.9 HO. hos ot? - 30 7.0 7.0 h7.0 h7.0 31.89 cS 39.9 ho.l ho.1 39 69 252 =. 31. 39.1 39.2 39.2 39.2 3251! oot Mean 48.3 48.7 8.7 48.8 31.71 - Omer OMEN s OMS ¢dn ol s.09) 32550 2t BOSTON LIGHTSHTP jw] o) [eye OaONKANEwWrH fay 1! (2) January ° Temperature F Ww = ° nm WwW ~j ° On Ww ry Ww ON e ~j Ww ~j e ke WWWWWWwWW ANNAN OA OO eo PuNnNHPrOOrFO 37.9 38.1 38,2 Table h (conttd) oO fe) 42 20.4'N. 70 hO.SW. 1956 fe) Salinity /oo 32037 oe ive) ae 1 1 &% ! E (8 @ t te 32.78 28 Depth of water - 96 feet February ie) Temperature F oO! 36.9 36.8 36.5 37.0 37.0 36.6 36.0 37.0 3651 36.5 36.8 36.9 3607 37.0 37.0 3667 36.0 37.0 36.9 37.0 36.7 36.0 35.8 35.8 36.0 36.5 360k 36.2 36.0 36.5 30! 37.0 37.0 36.6 36,8 37.0 37.9 Stes) 37.0 3665 37.20 37.0 36.5 36.6 3720 370 Bie 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 36.6 36.0 Sty, 36.8 3639 36.8 36.0 36,8 50! 37.0 Sfeol 36.8 36.8 Silfeslt 37.0 Bien 3720 36. 37.0 37.0 37.0 36.6 37.0 37.0 BieL 37.0 37.0 37.0 Bel 37.0 37.0 36.6 36.0 BOi5 36.9 36.9 37.0 36.0 36.9 95} 376d 37.8 O27 6n 39.0 38.4 Bice 38.0 37.8 3702 373 37 3 Diet 36.6 3761 37-1 3761 37.0 Ble) 3762 37.8 38.9 38.0 36.8 36.2 Bilton 36.9 37.0 37.0 36.0 37.4 ) Salinity /oo 0! 32.19 220 <00 & 32,30 oot 32.25 32.34 BOSTON LIGHTSHIP is) @ fe eg | OVD OAKDNEWNH Mean March fo) Temperature F 0! Bvt; Sob 36.0 36.8 37.0 36.5 36.8 36.2 36.7 36.8 3720 37.0 36.6 36.5 37.20 3702 36.7 Bool: 36.2 36.0 360) 36.8 36.5 36.0 36.0 3662 36.7 36.7 37.2 36.0 36.0 36.5 30! 36.7 35.5 36.0 36.8 36.7 3720 37.0 36.2 36.9 36.7 3720 37.1 36.8 36.8 37.0 3702 36.8 36.6 3720 36.0 36.2 36.8 36.4 36.5 BO. 36.2 36.7 36.8 3720 36.0 36. 36.6 WWWWWWWWw CON ONS Oy! ONO EL OO EOE Table ) (cont'd) fe) re) 42 20.4'N. 70 h5.5'W, 1956 ro) Salinity /oo Byaeaks) syscaly/ Zs] 39.8 303 36.2 36.6 37.0 37.0 37 ol 37.8 B0ed 3701 3707 3701 3709 38.5 38.3 38,3 38.3 39.8 Lozada! 39.1 39.) 0.3 howl 1.0 hO.7 0.9 ho.8 rasa 1.0 hares 41.9 2.5 Depth of water - 96 feet April fo) Temperature F 50! 36.1 36.2 36.6 36.67 36.9 36.9 3709 3701 37.8 37.0 37.9 38,3 37.9 38.2 38.1 39.0 0.0 38.8 38.9 ho.2 39.6 3702 10.7 10.8 39-9 ho.9 Bath 41.3 0.2 41.5 38.6 ry Salinity /oo 30.57 31.35 31.60 Table h (cont'd) fo) fo) BOSTON LIGHTSHIP 2 20.4'N. 70 )5.5'W. Depth of water - 96 feet 1956 May June O° fe) oO ° Temperature F Salinity /oo Temperature F Salinity /oo Depth Dey OlP *30' 0! gbN mero mec o Of 30' bot: 95" .1ON Roe: 1 uhsO W350 UIs? 3766 30.69 = S52 Uh U8 39.0 - slew - 2 hh.3 Wishes) 2,8 38,2 e775 Bil. 53 8.7 7.1 3.1 39.0 259 hd 3 heh 13.5 39.6 38.0 015 ions 9.0 6,2 ho.S 38.9 057 = 4 bho 43.7 hO.2 38.0 ol = 50.6 h6s9 39.8 39,0 sll e 5 Wel sie. ise 138.1 79 - 19.5 hist hi.8 38.8 05. = 6 43.2 35 2.0 SHA s05 = 50 2 6.4 0.9 38.1 Ol 32.10 7 43.h 43.1 40.8 38.0 eth = SleL b5s5 hes6 38.2 203 = 8 4h.O 43.8 Nis} 5) 38.1 Att ~, 50.8 49.3 43.3 39.0 02h = 9 bh.o 43,8 1.0 Shey eo 31529 50.2 50.1 7.9 0.2 31.08 =. 10 Tee) 43.9 BIeo 38.1 71 -, 51.0 50.7 49.0 bho 30.64 = 11 45.3 hh.o hO.0 38,0 68 8 =- 51.7 50.4 h9.7 b3.h . 262... = 12 45.6 hh.o ho.6 38.0 75 52,7 50.8 9.7 Uh.O “—55Ge0- 13 6 5 hh.3 39.8 Seal 280 aad S668 Bled. 055) 45.0 e3l 31.33 1h 15.6 e Wane 38.7 30 83 zs 56.3 51.3 50.6 = oly ~ 15 hiss % AC 0.3 S05 31 007 bad bes 52.9 baba LiSs5 etl G2 16 46.0 5.3 heey 38.6 als 32,2 63.6 Bey? elare hans 400 =. Ae h5,2 hoo Ae, 38,8 208 = 60.5 5258 50.2 43.0 ACS) a4 18 hes Aad 1.5 38.0 el5 sao 56.1 55.9 53.8 6.0 043 aoa 19° 75.0 hie5 39,55. 36.0 82 - 5665 =i = - 8 22 6.0 hheh 39.0 38.2 33 66.1 Shel bel2 ios . cde ee 23 43.2 2.8 1.9 38.1 266 32,22 5un9 50.2) i738 2589-30562 = oh Sl2 43.8 hose 38.9 258 56.6 $2.5 $0.2 lS Mua6 - ie) Wr = Or ON iad Ww e ON im ine) @ “s) Ww fos) re) e —~] E (ime fase Yiaed Jome Viet ar 2s Joe | Wal —“—] e Ww Wal On eo | ® oO 7 he) Ww je) e “J ie) Mean Wh.8 3.9 his 38.2 31.17 31.88 Sue? 50.8 h7.0 41.5 30.83 31.6) 30 BOSTON LIGHTSHIP =] @o ct a Pee W GEGHE O0OBIAWEwWrNH [és 16 July Temperature F - (eo) e 486 fSYoREpES ee ° eee e MOWNMDOOAW NMNOOWWONMNOM OFM OMOWNNODO e NE WrmwWwaAaN F Up ° {e) e e@ e e@ e e MATH OHP DMO HODOMNROEF@® NEN@OHONRGEN Asai folate BRR MM MPD Se er ae NM PPP e PERE hw ° fi el ee ee f= WWW MW PM NP e e@ e [moll a Ww ee Table l; (cont'd) (a) {eo} h2 20.4'N, 70 S.5'W, 1956 August (e) ) Salinity /oo Temperature F 0! oo OLS Ota 50! 30.93 - 64.6 57.6 19.3 = - 65.1 63.9 2 oe) 7 OS 1 56.7 )his\ sa 098 31.8) 65.8 60.6 50.3 oil Spee) Siok Uy) 096 65. 53.9 «50.6 98 64.0 = a = = 6852) 5369 9.3 - - G82 5552 (h729 oD - 66.3 53.8 50.6 AH = 62.3 59.5 L767 097 - 63.0 - - “92. T= Glee Sled Gee os} = 61.h byo5) hi7.2 30.95 31.71 60.0 - - 31.01 = 55 = a 30.93 Bay tive Ie. 30292) 51/576 Shee oof SIA2 Sl Depth of water - 96 feet ° Salinity /oo 95! 0! 38) S309. 43.9 AD hh. 2 {cal 309 89 43.8 092 hho IL - 098 652 30.97 46.1 31.05 43.8 32505 Lis 30297 ho2 098 WheS 30.99 issn shl(ols} hh. 8 203 hh.8 B05) hh.2 »L0 Wh.2 16 43.9 08 a5 10 Wh. 8 205 heb eae a R20 hh.3 220 h.O EOD a 229 - 536 bh.3 03h h.8 40 45.1 048 45.2 026 WheS 31.08 95} 31.66 31,60 foo) [eo) 31 31.76 BOSTON LIGHTSHIP ONO ONO WE WN Fe # SY} REERBRESS e e a e ° e o ° e eo AUANUWATAGCOO Ww co e@ x September Temperature fF BEEBAGRRAR © ° e e e e OD mW few aE Oo “Wt e e e e e e ° e e e e e ° e e e XW OV @annn Werner aw oO OI @ UI (a are SRS ete BBRe6IL6oAS OTC oe e@e@ © © @ MONUOOANONO BREA SORE WW a e i 1 reat aye eld real ma eel tos too ON ONL ONL ON ONE e e e ° \ OrPWNnOWwo Bs te gl ll ase =~ te tow ON ONONONON E II e e e e e e s @e POR ODYU onws Table ) (cont'd) 2°20.4'N, 70 h5.5'W. Depth of water - 96 feet 1956 October rc ets ce) fe) ; ro) Salinity /oo Temperature F —— Salinity °/o0 95" oF 95! ° \o WL ° Ww ros =. BS 31.32 55.1 55.0 54.5 54.0 32.67 - ee co poe chy che 6 5365 455. =. Al - Su.8. “5lps6 S.5 “5352 E104 31.89 32 0—C- Bho “Su6 “Sle2 518 seb 4d = hot echesie Sg “SHO “Shae *Sk8 60 = 31.30 - She? Shed She She = .625 = 30.90 = Seg 5u.7 Shed 51.0 ob - 31.20 - S26 SH.5 53 -“5Uz0 A) ii “35 = 55.0 Sued sued 8.0 oO = 038 on SueS 5.3 Stes 48.5 oO 32.00 SES = Sh.0 53 39 53.9 7 oly 269. i Asif BL 82 SEAS 5362 Base 8.5 oTh re 333 aa 5h.0 53.0 53.0 8.2 ete = e338 — B45) 53.0 53.0 47.3 oe ela ad ie 63.9 53.5 5361 U2 G24 72 4 = ol6 - Seely Sl Mos sa alive 263 e600 = 56.1 5555 254.0 'th658 “139567 132.06 6 - 5601 55.1 53.9 “73 sos) = oh6 31.82 $3.1 59.1 “53.082 2. 660s = oly = 53.6 -52s7 5267 “L9LO ate 5 7 - h.0° 5320 “5309.7 ci eT = Yr 5345 5361 5255 “SOL0 Five TS ane 68 = SBely *S3ed ~b3er MLOCk olan = 356 - 53.0 35320-5005 50.0 258 :31.76 63 - 52.9 “52.9 S258". 5207 E6228 = ASS 31.98 52h 52.3 52.3 52.3 * 067 = Sl = 53.0. -5258 “5265 “5255 3ie60%= = 258 = 52.9 52.8 52.8 5265 ; 059 = 66 - 53.0 5243-75263 -25252 266% = 31.73 - bee @ hee bea (520 oth 3.63 85253 *Des3 + SNe? s395731.78 31.43 31.86 lod 536i 53.0 50.3 2l.ocsieco 32 BOSTON LIGHTSHIP Oo @ rE Wwnrner ct a hk OND ONAWNE Bb Temperature op at =) oe 8 ee e@ ° o @ o fet te. (e) -eo Je: fe MNOOKrPWON OF HPOFrPWMONMN OW & e e e e o e OaAnNOn-~A November 30! hau =) e e e eo ° e e e °° ° OOO 00 OH mm OW Ww oO On 6), :6)b0% eScelf emer «n-e Wn fo) e e eo e e ° e e e e e e e e e e e e e e mim @aOoOrWO OD MAW ‘OO MO M'O0 OM WP WLU hm Onn py WG ‘OO *0 MOO (fe) e e e e ° @ e e \n SO GONO NM PH OH EMO @ ERFFERu Table (cont'd) 2°20.KIN. 70°H5S.5'W. 10) Salinity /oo 31.73 Depth of water - 96 feet 1956 December Temperature °F Salinity °/o0 \o WL (e) Ww [o) Ww [) \O GW je) \o iat = aL oS = 3 al me = kero oO IN?s@ hd-9 99 oe = WO WNS5 NSS WSS 9 = = 46.0 45.9 5.9 5.9 S925 Brel = 15.3 5.6 5.9 6.8 ReOimas 31.79 h5.0 45.0 hS.O li7.2 Shey = nha) ihe jah AONE a INS Cane Slee nSee wliGa2 Siilog P= = hS.1 5.1 45.2 45.8 Sik g = rsh dl 5. 5.0 - 1650 Auge ts - 13.8 43 3.9 5.7 HED BP 6013} = L3e9> 3c9) 888) USa8 5631 = 32.01 bh.O bb.o hoo 5.7 a9 = - ns) he hay? Tingey sloth - WSR2 INS ING G2 Se 7 Sie Sibsters} = Gees Oni WhO, 2rd 2001 = = 43.9 43.8 bed 5.5 ROO - labo) al.@) lino) 8 206) = = Nat Js Mak dhol) has} 88 - 31.78 es) Inger ince ly Gy os 2.3 2.3 2.3 = 095 oa = Keno. iso hee) Ihsio) WO. 3 = Wek roan a 5 — 9h = 5 oy, Thon Uho2 lose) sil Ce = = Wh.8 US. 45.6 5.9 32.02 = 31.82 Whos: In W552 WhGsS ShlSS Ss = bhe5 ond — cS 096 ae = ene hake hee |p sal ecs\.= sul ols WS. 45.5 hS.5 45.7 32.08 -= 31.85 We lysSs his6: 45.5" 81585" 31.96 33 TEMPERATURE ,°F Ceorzes Shoal, Texas Tower #2 Surface water temperature readings commenced on Georges Shoal on 21 Avril 1956, well after the winter minimum, and surface and bottom salinities are available for short veriods from time to time. Surface temperatures reached slichtly over 60°F in mid-Septem- ber. Values for other depths are not given herein inasmuch as all bathy- thermosrams indicated an isothermal condition. Surface salinities ranzed between 32.3 and 33.0°/00. The occasional bottom salinity samples collected yielded salinity values within several hundredths of a °/00 or the surface salinity, so it is reasonable to assume the water at this location was completely mixed from top to bottom (56'), 60r— SURFACE T, °F s0f— it L _| 40 SURFACE S , %o _ 3- — — ee See) este | 32 zl | 4 L ao A s 0 N D J F M A ut i i ricure 6. Georges Shoal, 1956. 34 Table 5S _ TEXAS TOWER #2. | 4191 '16.3"N, . 67945'36,.2"W, Depth of water - 56 feet GEORGES SHOAL Surface Tenperature OF 1956 April May June July August Month Day Temp Sal Temp Sal Temp Sal Temp Sal Temp Sal 1 tod = 42,3 Bice 83 48,1 32.60 Bight res: 59.6 o 2 = ~ he, atrs 48.1 206 5h.0 Pas 59.0 B233K 3 = bs 2,3 EO aS er 265 ; - 58.4 e531 h & = W2oh 280 49.0 sah Ga) = 59.5 38 5 = = 2.2 -80 9.6 e580) 5559 - Bor oor 6 c = h2.4 016 49.0 266 ° Ta 59.6 036 7 = 7 h2.5 078 9.7 502 556 es 59.0 3h 8 — bn 2h oy) 9.5 256 5563 a 58.6 ae. 9 om = he eit 9.7 Aste) ol Ee 58.9 oe. 10 - - ngiolly Saari HN o Om e350 - bee 3h alak C3 rad sie = 9,0 ate) Sey hi - 5662 Oaks) a2 = ae 2.6 SS 48.9 256 5oe2 te 56.4 ost 13 is * 43.6 — 50.4 BZ, 56 55.9 om 51/50) 035 1h — a7 h2.3 a SL GC? 56.1 eo 59.7 OS) 15 CI = h2 ol 4 50.) Cod 56.3 te) 58.9 oot 16 - - 2.7 a Sls) > 56.5 on 58.3 solh aly/ — s 13.9 oe 52.6 = 57,8 = 58.5 ae 18 QO Co sys es 52.5 ae 58.0 = 59.2 oat 19 - - 43.8 - 50.h1 - 56.6 - B65) 032 20 a a hh.3 =. 50.2 =. 56.8 ort 59.7 ee 21 2, a dhol =: 50.0 a 56.8 — 58. 230 OP NP ee yh 8 - 50.1 - 56.5 ~ 58.5 230 23 2.5 ort hh .& Co) 50.8 — 5662 So 59.1 ool 2h 42,8 - U5 ob - bliee - 56.2 - 5965 31 25 Lee 32,81 hS.5 os Sr,0 ox 5602 Fa 60.0 oft 26 Ihols) eo 45.3 os. Seaal = 560 ~ 59. 026 oes Ss es - Syl - 560). - 59.1 026 28 h2. Py ac) flee roy 52.5 hen 55.8 on Boel: 228 29 he. ott 45.8 32.61 53.6 = Sy 70) = 59.6 Pye) 30 42,2 we 6.4 010 53.6 aa 58.5 oo 59.2 029 31 i a ui7e7 32.6 a a 50.2 = 59.2 32633 Mean = =- 3.9 - 50.5 = 56.1 = 58.9 32633 Water Temperatures means of four observations per day, courtesy 12th Wea, Sqdn,, USAF, Water sanples collected by U. S. N., Hydrographic Office, one per day, Js Table 5 (cont'd) TEXAS TOWER #2 4191 '16.3"N, 67945'36,2"W, Depth of water - 56 feet GEORGES SHOAL Surface Temperature °F 1956 Sept. Oct, Nov, Dec, Month Day Temp Sal Temp Sal Temp Sal Temp Sal 1h 5945) 32600 59.8 - 56.8 32,30 Shed. 3a. 2 60.2 °30 59.6 - 55.8 028 50.3 83 3 60.) es) 59 elt - Doe 030 50.9 82 y 60.3 230 BEL oa 5o.2 = bibs) - Bly 5 60.7 32.36 56.6 fe) 55.1 mile 48,8 ae! 6 60.1 57.8 = Sue? ee 9.5 28h u( 606 = 58.7 sat ere SE 50.4 Ae 8 60.1 bed 58.5 = Coat o3t 50.3 85 8, 59.1 net 58.8 =: ipa oli 49,2 ates 10 58.7 = 58,2 — Su. 0 elt6 48.7 el h 599.4 - 56e1 - 53 elt ok 48.0 8h, 12 59.8 = 56.0 Ld Ke rasys 9 Al 88 ale} 60.2 = yi ol = 53.6 206 50.0 32.91 1h 60.7. - Bante =. 53.4 a53 9 AS B35 02 a5 60.2 ad 58,2 bas Shelt 049 h9.2 32.90 16 60.0 = 58.3 oo 5h. 8 on 9.2 32. 8h 17 60.7 bee 58.2 iy 5.8 566 howl = 18 60.5 ‘oa! 58,2 _ Shed Afelli 9.6 a uy 59.8 - Mee - 51.8 0ST 48.0 - 20 60.6 a 56. -. 52.2 216 7.6 ad 21 60.7 = 5726 — 53.25 8h 7 ol bad 22 60.6 - 58.3 Se Sh.2 a{(3) 7.9 a3 23 59.47 bed 58.0 = 5343 ae 73 = 2h 59.9 herd OT elt a 1.8 all> 48,2 ae 25 60.1 _ 55.6 = 50.9 078 era rer 26 59 ht ram 55.5 = S1lek °78 h7 9 Sad 27 58.u = 5602 =z Boor 32.95 Tall a 28 58.7 = 56 eh — 51,8 33.04 7.2 = 2a 59.0 io 56.0 — 52.0 32.9h 7.6 — 30 59.6 aa 56 eh bard 51.8 32.9 act ax 31 C3 = 56.8 i = i 6.1 — Mean 59 ae = 57 Ae) = 536 8 32560 48.9 a 36 Nantucket Shoal Lightship Note: Nantucket Lightship moved at the first of the year from )0°37 '00"N, 69°18'30"W, a position she had occupied for nearly three years, to 0933'00"N, 69°28'00"W, Minimum surface temperatures of 38°F were recorded in early March and maximum temperatures of 70°F were recorded in mid-September, The whole water column was virtually isothermal durins the first five months of the year. The thermocline commenced development in early June and reached its peak in mid-September, Maximum bottom temperatures occurred during the first third of November, Surface salinity ranged between 32°/00 and 3).5°/00, the minimum occurring in mid-summer and the maximum in mid-September, Bottom salinities were close to the surface salinities for the first two-thirds of the year but were slichtly hicher during the autwm, of ° r fo] [o} o o do * SUNLVYSdW3L °G SURFACE T [o] Tv DEC oct SEP AUG JUL JUN MAY APR MAR FEB JAN Yeh Le Te ET a 3 3 o i 1334 NI Hid3ad 60; 150 o—o—o—o—_, SURFACE S%o BOTTOM S%o °% ‘ALINITVS, ~°~ o> 2-0 ow m d perio agram, mean for ¢ i (Dashed line in upper d les WSW of present position) 1956. Qa a i a ay cE + CO 4 a Ppa nat aON Od so pr Get oO aed e | ed A Fiz 38 Table 6 NANTUCKET SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 0°33 '00"N. 69998 '00"W, Depth of water-192 feet January 1956 Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth bay OQ: 30!) 501 oo aso 180" o' 180! aL o - = ~ - oS = = 2 - = = = = - - = Beeeuie(. ule eo Mio aco ac9 32.79 - : 41.3 has 1.3 ales. 11.2 rab of9 ox 6 bo Wo dg io bi lag +83 32.80 ri aaa Liza 2,0 2.0 2, 0 2.0 81 = 8 41.8 1 9 1.9 11.9 41.9 41.9 280 ba 9 = e ae = = 2 = = 10 2,3 nes) 2.3 h2.h 2h 2h 016 - a oheo 62.22 2.0 269 - 12 hea) lana: 2.1 2,2 2,3 2.3 245 coed HS eo ee rege 250 hese) these hek2 063 32,71 1h 2.4 h2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8 83 om. 15 2.7 2.8 2,8 42.8 AAT he 8 86 st 16 2.5 h2 .7 2.7 2.7 enn h2.7 285 aw ieee 230) H259) 2.8) W289) h2r9 095 - CML O hee 223 hes hens 255 97 - 19 h2.0 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 095 . ZOMG ROp 2.1) Ad eed 2 a) eed eth, 2495} 21 Hie 2,2 2,2 Mier. 2,2 2 2 on ont De Ses On 220) eed) 22 hee 093 - 23 1.9 1.9 h1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0 92 oe 2h 1.0 e 41.5 all ales? 41.7 9 a Pe lal ilo) lintels ala nls 95 - 26 41.3 lass Lares 41.3 41.3 41.3 oI *y Zp Oats WOK HOG) lala limlge nl 096 += 32.9h 28 how OW W1eh = =2.2 «1.0.0 236 - 29 ho.3 hOo.3 ho. F hale 1,2 ra eal asltl = XO) WO} NO) e) lg nh ult [ales 261 - spl - - = - = - = 2 Mean LE ele O dO e202 50) 2:0 SWantoik — syaatein NANTUCKET SHOALS LIGHTSHIP }0°33!00"N, 69°28 '00'W, F [ele DV OAAMNEwWNH 4 FORE Ww \o LU Wr joe) e e CMnAAIrYmWw Aw © W po eo @©@ @© @ Lod Table 6 (cont'd) February 1956 Temperature OF 55 @ mH OO aS e e OMNI HMFWMWaAWN-A howls Ere eS Ne ee @ SSSoPEEEEE 1000 Coir a Se 3 ° ho. 100! hO.1 38.9 40.7 3967 BY 39.8 40.0 ho.1 0.8 41.3 ho.3 49 hO.2 hO.1 Depth of water-192 feet Salinity °/oo 32,86 180! 32.87 Table 6 (cont'd) : NANTUCKET SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 0°33'00"N. 69°28'00"W, Depth of water - 192 feet March 1956 Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Day 0! 30! 50! 100! TSO! 180! 0! 180! al 38.6 065; 38.5 38.5 38.5 BO > Be. = 2° Boos» Mos Bios BGs Siege shsine 099 - 3) Begs) BISo8) Selo) Eas Beg sl8as) o09-== 32.93 h 38.0 38.0 38,2 38.3 38.3 38.2 98 es 5 38.0 Soll 38.0 38.0 38.0 38.0 32.87 39s, 391 390 *63 32.62 10 Os2 .< los2. 0,4 10,0 Od oat: wo - = hO.l 39.9 39.9 39.9 39.9 39.9 mardi = a2 Lovo. ho.o.- lO ho. lo,0 tho 30 288 = 13 40.9 hob ho.S hod how =O 32,81 = Wa ho. 0.3 Oss) hoya. 08 33,02 = 15 how howk- howd 40.2 ho.2 0.2 B2519) Beet 16 hoes how ho.3 40.3 hO.3 ho.3 ° a 17 | 3969, ~39.7-, 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.8 efi = 18 Alo) ho.2 ho.2 hO.3 ho.5 ho.5 288 =. 19 Wes hos how how =o =o 7 = 20 o.8 ho6 hows hos) hows) §6hOW5 8 - 2% oss = ho.5*- ho.5 =6ho.S~ = oho ho. 067 ©3265 22 how? hot Wo.7? « ho.5 L065. ho. «10 - 23 = . a eS = = a = 2h how. = hO.7:_h0.7 hos? ho.8 hog 255 . 25 1.5 Fale h1.0 ho.9 1.0 1.0 255 . 26 ho.9 1.0 1.0 41.0 1,0 1.0 Be oan 27) “Woo. “lhe 0.9" 7 hd 0 Plo lao Pai - 26 13 Woo" h0.9 lia -li.o lat 058 « 29 11.8 11.5 Las h1.5 hi.53 maori 258 = 30 lelea7 41.8 has8 h1.5 a.5 hieh 32.89 _ 31 Mean Noe. 0.2) host “hos 32615 3232.68 fod (=) e ine) = [=) e ine) 42 Table 6 (cont'd) NANTUCKET SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 0°33'00"N. 69°28'00"W, Depth of water - 192 feet May 1956 Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Day Of 30! Sot 10" 150' 180! o' 180! Th6.0 S22 550 S20 550) “Loco 32.58 = em hosOmSyce eho S60 biota Sea! aul = 3 Bog | NSS) nse) UNG) sano - ° 56 - In USS INS | ND as ae nbs nse 48 - SieieOn biota 15,0) 558° Ssh e523 48 = CrlineOn N6.0s USB. S66) libs3 W562 262 33.0% i Woe L6sie UG. sod 52d 520 60 = 9 43.3 2.7 2. 2.3 2.2 2,2 48 = 10 - = - - - - - - al: 43.9 43.2. 43.0 2.8 42.8 - 205 = 12 43.0 4350) 2.9 2.8 aks 2.8 oh8 = 32.7 BeBe) Sed 43.0 430) 4350) 3.0 ob - 1h hh.O W305 N32 31 3.1 Ligea 048 Sod 15 bh.o 3.3 43.2 Lisi: 43.2 Sheik 48 oa Mom uaeo beers 42,8) 943.0. 3.0 "43.0 ot? - ali bh ba ms iy = — 253 a 18 he a = = oe = 52 Oo as es - - - - - 293) 32565 20 45. = = - = a «52 be? 2 6s5 - - - - - 05k - 22) Wied - - - - - 057 - 23 «75 - - - - - hl ah. hs, : di £ z eee Bo Wee We a SAE) Rake Ste ae 26 h7.5 = =. —— = > 42 BYO (i Ay INS eS) - ~ - - - 038 = 28 LS. ry Sax od - = 20 = 29 HS. a = at ro Neg 036 ba 30 6.5 et = io = C4 e46 — See S55) - - - - - 32558 ~ Mean 5.5 oI = = a — 32252 Boa 43 Table 6 (cont'd) NANTUCKET SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 0°33 '00"N, 69928100 'W, Depth of water - 192 feet June 1956 Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Depth hey of 30% 50’ oot 150" 1680! o' 180! 1 6.5 ad - a oe = 32.85 = 2 48. a asi a a = Psi) 32693 See tice - - - - - oth - h 50. - = - = - 20 “ 5 alle 5) oa pct Z — = 025 = 6 52, - - ~ - - 26 - 1536 - - - - - a5 - 8 be = ae id bat ioe old. = 9 50. head = = —Z = 042 32, 8h 10 52, : a “ : 2 li “525 ~ - - - - 238 - 12 4150; 3 = & ~ = e7D = 13. 50. a Fe : A HB: 14 50. a oa at = ” 059 ae 15 51. - = : : 539°. ays 16 = - = - - = - = 17 52:0° h7.. 47.2 46.9 6.8 h6.8 «30 Beant 18 52.3 48.2 7 3 7d 6.9 6.8 Ais ie 1G) 5250 (hGc8y N73 yhiyee Oipcde Tusk Aol - 20 5267 8.4 hi e2 7.0 47.0 7.0 @ ae ral She 48.9 h7.2 47.2 473 h7.3 256 Lo 22 55.9 2.9 49.6 6.2 6.2 46.2 e bas" 23 56. 53.3 9.7 lived Lives 17.2 allel ore 2h 53.8 48.9. h7.9 %4b7.8 47.7 47.6 019 = 32.41 25 5u.0 48.7 48.3 47.8 hiret Ty Pe Bos) aa 26 Blige 18.9 48.5 48,2 7.9 17.8 226 are 27 51.0 9.4 h9.0 8.4 48.1 48.0 226 bee 28 55.9 50.9 9. 8,7 48.4 48.0 30 ae 2 SY(Fis) 50.7 48 9 48.1 48.0 48,0 mgs) = 30 Sys: 51.0 9.1 8.5 h7.9 8.1 32633 bs Mean 52.3 - = - - - 32.41 32,66 44 Table 6 (cont'd) NANTUCKET SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 0°33'00"N, 69°28 '00"W, Depth of water - 192 feet July 1956 Salinity °/oo Temperature OF 180! oO! 100' 150' 180! 50! ft io Ne) e Ne) N es 0 bf 8 eRe. ot N omy [on N MAN OT aka SmRnnss eee J eee @e@ @ @ nN (omy oor N-eNNA A e eto ® ee @ 6 See MO r-OO e Poy Pe) ES Sp ES ES ep stdaA DAAWNOdA eee | ee @ 6 @ [all ed ae m~—-trOO re ps pes py ep Ss eS —t 0 oO OOODMDRHO eo @ @ f e@® e@ 8 @ @© @ @D t-@O DW OW OOO c- pape aap i SiS Sip SSP m~- AO WWNoOrOoOr Soo nanoodnt apap sy me fo PLU Rep af leMeayee) ANDONST Fl NDS SONG OWNHAONnNA eo e©e@ @ @ OONMNOOA?O "ORADORKONNS S93 S3nS3 335 AANA ONA OOD "RARKRIGAROAG Ov SSSSRnSS3sss AKRDOTAOWF0 &- 1] e@ 6 es e SS SS e SSSRRRARRR DOnnNnodoonnne ARRRdd gad DOLrOeNAADMNA FS ol as oS Ah [ed LA LATA LN NO LALA HALAL ANMNANOFDAAROR NAUNNNANNNNANAM 5004 49.2 48.3 48.1 32.25 32.60 Die?) | DSi: Mean 45 Table 6 (cont'd) NANTUCKET SHOALS LIGHTSHIP )0°33'00"N, 69°28'00"W, Depth of water - 192 feet August 19 56 Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Day of 30' §0' 100! 150! 180! o' 180! es Oe6 baci W250) 59.5 9 5050. 50e5 B2eee - 2 5700 5263-- Teh 50.5 9.7 19.0 “ll - De) Sls 1 59e6 | 5269) eee 960 a uOee eel - h 63.6 6165 58.0 9 S| 48.8 8.6 030 = 5 Og 5063 6 5c66: 2 50.1 2s oo 25 - : 63.45 err 53 0) 50.7 9.3 9.3 02h = 8 = = = a = = = = y 59 Aff 58.0 A) alk bl e3 Sigal 50.9 ao = Oh 0 , ble3 2 5363 , 50.0. ° 50.0 ont - 27 62st 5709-2) 56.0 375206. 867 48.3 48 - 28: 16345 5942-9 - 56.62 -5355- 50.3..- 49.0 ool - 29 6he9 63.7 Bel 53.0 9.9. - h8.9 38 - 30 65.4 6250 59 a 56.9 50 0 9. 038 = 31 65.0 58.7 56.0 53.7 5i.0 5065 B2555 os Mean 60.5 “57.0 55,3" 52.2 S50. 9 4958 32.30 | 32.57 46 Table 6 (cont'd) NANTUCKET SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 0°33'00"N, 69°28'cO"W, Depth of water - 192 feet September 1956 Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Dia; (0' «= 30'S" oo! §«s0" 1608 o' 160! 1 65.5 56.8 B56 1 Shel 52.0 Sibsal 32.)1 32.0 2 59.5 54.9 Sh.2 53.7 52.8 52. 625 boot 3) GS Base Gigs) Sele Gracie Galt 32,18 - hy 68. - - - - - BS) ah = 5 66.6. = = 3 ou a 33.05 = S 555 - - - - - 32.55 = 7 65. ox = a = = 3262 he CE 6725 - ~ - - - 33.89 “ 9 66. — = = = = 38.8 = HORN 65.5 - - - - - 3h..02 = ele LOB \e - - - - - 33.85 - 12 Gly. - - - - = Baeow - TROD: - - - - - 33.76 - 1h 69. - - - - - 35.10 - v5 105 - - - - - 35.07 - als) fe - - - - - Seis) - Wl e5 - - - - - 34.72 - UB 70% - - - - - 35-18 - 19 666 — = Seon = — 3.01 = ZO Olle: - = = = - 3h.22 - One {o8\ ~ - - - - 33.00 - 22 6h. = = = = S 33.65 aed CB) (eile - - - - - 32569 - 2h 59.6 = 2 = a me 32.89 oe 25. 605 - - - - - 32.677 - 26 Give ios o Soo] az = 34.62 - 2 (eld - - - - - 34.23 - 28 =66. - - - - - 3h. 83 - 29 G3. ~ - - - - 34.15 - 30 666 - - - = - 3h 51 - 31 ; Mean 65.2 - - - - - 33-77 - Table 6 (cont'd) NANTUCKET SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 0°33!00"N, 69°28'00"W, Depth of water - 192 feet October 1956 Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Depth Day OFS s0 fees, 50 200K” 150! aco Ot «180% 1 66. — baad ~ bat hed 34.73 a 2 65. - - - - = os2 a 3 6h. - —, i= = ovat Adlizs - h 6h. - - - - - elt - 5 66h. - - - - - 34.35 - 6 59.5 9.5 59.4 59,5 -59.6 -59.5 33.78 33.78 7 = - = = - = = = 8 STe7 57.9 579 59.0 59.1 59.1 eS bord 9 59.0 59.1 59.0 59.0 59.1 59,1 Ae} = 10 - - = = = - - - 59.9 60.1 60.2 61.9 62.9 62.9 016 - al 57.1 57.0 5762 60.1 62.1 62.1 o3t oa als) - - - - - - - - Dp S?se> “Shell Sy 5850 —50585 =5877 0373 683 15 59.1 59.1 59.2 59.5 59.3 50.5 o33 boned 16 58. 58.7 58.6 59.2 59.1 59.2 Pryce) = 17 58.9 58.9 - 59.2 60.1 60.1 -60.0 076 a 18 58.1 5812 599.2 59.7 59.3 59.2 - - 19 55.2 55.3 55.3 55.9 56.0 ~ 56.1 016 a 20 «#58. 58.4 58.4 58.7 58.8 58.7 013 )=—- 3477 21 = = “ = = is a 22. Gest, 62a. 6228 6251. ~62.52 =6252 205 - 23 57.6 57.7 5769 60.1 59.6 59.6 33.88 ” a 62.0 62.0 62.1 62.1 62.1 62,1 34.01 es 2 : = é s S a eS 26 6958.1 58.6 58.6 58.9 58.9 58.8 oie 2 27 «62.9 62.9 62.9 63.1 63.4 63.7 08 34.77 28 59.3 60.1 60.2 62.1 -62.9 63,0 207 = 29 «6558.90 «559.9 )Ss 01 2.16209) G31 -LO = 30 60.4 60.9 61.2 61.8 62.0 62,0 . - 31 60.9 61.3 61.7 61.9 61,9 62.0 SINS (eS) = Mean 60.2 59.3 59.4 60.2 60.5 60.5 33.82 3.54 48 Table 6 (cont'd) “NANTUCKET SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 0°33 '00"N, 69°28'00"W, Depth of water - 192 feet November 1956 Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Day of 30! 50? 100' 150' 180! o' 1680! eo 5802-5969 ls? GO 6128 3h. 07 - 2 58.0 58.9 60.3 6.3 61.5 61.6 33. 81 = ; B50, Soa Boal Sisk See eee B32 6 3k. ol: ee oe cS sae g i: : Ceegeg sy) O01 BOs) Bole) 6256)" 6207 35.07 2 7 61.9 61.9 61.9 61.9 61.9 61.9 Bei on oe 8 50.2 59.1 59.4 61.9 63.9 63.9 3h. 59 = a7 Diol SS2 55,5 Seay Sia) sie 33.38 - fe) = Bs is a fh es = ps HAS sO) 55.0), 556) 56,0 635.0) 1) 6357 030 3h 7 12 - - - - = = = < aig) : < = < 2 = = 14 Shoal 53 onl Bsa 5h. 8 Siieil 59.0 eL2 - 15 52.8 53.6 Shel oh .6 55.0 56.3 98 = 16 54.0 5h.0 5h. 2 56.0 56.3 56.3 uly = a 53.9 53.9 53.9 Sh.2 Ehiny) 56.2 203 a S = S o o a o = Oe 5525) 55.0) 50.0) 56.6 577/60 051 - 20 She? 55.8 57.0 Sos Siem 58.0 ohh bes el Bios) Sioa) isd) By/ce Gyo BiG 33.48 = 22 - - - - = - - - 23 = = = - 2 = % 2 2h Silay off lay 52.u 58.9 59.0 32.98 my 2 Ber 52 0 52.1 532 e 57.0 32.96 on 2 - = - - = = = a 52h 52.6 e 59.4 60.2 60.5 33623 boo 2 - - - - - - = = 43 Table 6 (cont'd) NANTUCKET SHOALS LIGHTSHIP )0°33'00"N. 69°28'00'W, Depth of water - 192 feet December 1956 Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Depth 0 Or. -30'2 50! 100! tho") Ese! o' 180! 1 9.2 9.2 9.2 BL? 53,0 53.6 32.9) =. 2 50.6 50.8 50.8 Shel 55.8 56.1 33.20 an 3 53.7. 53.7. .53-7 5u.0. SG 55.2 68 - mM 50.9 51,0 51.0 55.0 Bis) 55.9 Ape ed 5 53.8 hed She2 5u.2 2 She2 Aes) ~ 6 Shel 5u.2 oh.2 8 55.0 55.0 076 ad 7 bis = a r ae oe 33 ot Ls! 8 Uu7.2 9.2 50.6 53.2 che3 5u.3 B2eOr = 3) 52.0 53.5 SITY She By. 5 Eyshes, 33.37 =, 10 «8. - = - - - 32.90 - n =48.5 48.8 88 8.8 8.9 9.0 BS eur - 12 ° - - - - - 33.78 - 13 1h lS 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 2h 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 50 TEMPERATURE Woods Hole Massachusetts = Water temperatures at Woods Hole were, on an annual basis, substantially lower than had been observed since 191, but were com- parable to the mean for the period of record, (See Bumpus , 1957) A relatively cold January was followed by a slightly retarded spring. Summer temperatures were comparable to the mean for the period of record, but the autumn temperatures cooled more slowly than the mean,- SURFACE T , °F El peer es|t Mone SEC. Be | ES RY eee J F M A M J J A s fe) N Ficure 8, Woods Hole, 1956, (Dashed line, mean for period 1580- 51 WW SZ 0°TS *IOTd UOTANITISUL OFYderZoues09 eTOH spoom ye Aep ted ZutTpesr sup its; 9488 5°99 = 2°98 3 2°9r 595 iz A SE) cs “Lt a4 °T9 a°2n . Se) Sue aeS5 5°29 7 L°95 ano % “9S 4) - 2°95 - - 2°QS - *TS ie] SS as et) g°0S *95 199 = Tee See = = °19 °€S = §°09 3 SoS 2° 6S Bg As 3 °69 L°Ts - °69 = a °89 i. 2°9S °89 =- °65 Z2°Q9 L°n5 °09 7 2°95 °09 = ood : ay) Baad 7m S°OL Csi. Sey 2°OL ‘< 18) 2°OL = °T9 - s°ls ag z °Ma 07,02 °Ne TE QIh 02 °OL 2°69 °Ol "ol °69 0°89 L°69 OL 6°09 9S6T - dy a.M41e19 due], Z eTqel g° én ac Ss & =€S °€S ms 3°26 s°€5 “TS aoejams 18 fre SLLESNHOWSSVN ‘HIOH SGoOoM g°ce €°2e rAd S*2e °ee 26 S°2e S°2e PEG OT WO Ad Anns ~-DOa 52 Buzzards Lightship This is the first set of data from Buzzards Lightship, How- ever, the reader may wish to refer to the fine record from Vineyard Sound Lightship for the period 1878-1910, at a distance of less than four miles (Bumpus, 1957). : The record of surface water temperatures commenced in March with readings in the vicinity of 35 F, rose to a maximum in late August of 68°F, The temperature decline in the autumn apparently was retarded as mentioned above, inasmuch as the November mean was comparable to the maximum Vineyard Sound Lightship. November mean and the December mean was substantially higher than any Vineyard Sound Lightship December mean for the period 1878-1910. Surface salinity ranged from a minimum mean for March of 31.6°/00 to a monthly maximum of 32.3 in December, TEMPERATURE ,°F b a fo} fe} ~~ SURFACE T, °F ~ >--— —_-—— SURFACE S, %o SALINITY , %o [Weis esi lb: SiG Ss SE [eS ecie 21] ces ae | er al heer ] F M A My J J A s 0 N uw J Fisure 9, Buzzards lightship, 1956, (Dashed line, mean for Vineyard Sound Lightship, 1878-1910) 6) Table 8 BUZZARDS LIGHTSHIP )1°2)'00''N, 71°03'00! 'W,+ Depth of water - 7 feet Surface Water - 1956 Month Day March April May June July TF Sal% T°F Sal% TF. Sal%¥ TF Sal% PF Salg% 1 3he8 31078. 3720 SL S555 7 eS 3185 “2 Sh. 32,93. a62.7) JIRRe 2 3.8 “fle 3758" 682° 6r="31.60: 9-5 602s 6259 SUNS BT, 3 35,0 .79 37.2 «86 5S 32,.06-- 5h" 31.90 “.6312 "06 MW 35yl vet8 BeBe te Su «031.89 56 32.03 61.5 .98 B 35.% +70 39.0 439 ~ 52° "732504 "S7° Si. 72 6.3) 90 6 35.9 ett - 39.0) 220) Thy Si. iG - 6150 93 7 35.6 85 38h .87 8 31.69 55 32.00 61.8 31.97 8 35.7 «8 38.0 .96 kh 32.10 55 31.932. ~60.8°32206 9 35.3 76 38.5 .40 48 lL? 6555 ~—31.94, 63.2 31.80 10% 35.9° 257° 23955 Sle iy 20 56 32.03 61.1 #.88 a Panes |S) 65 hoO.6 .35 4h? 005 57% 32.02 62.9 .86 D2. 36,439 39.5. 83" 7 29 56. 31,92) 63.0 263 1 3650 478) lilee 67 8 20» =658 85 63.4 8h ih 3621 e7lie “Hoey 87°> 8 32.05 55 Fei Pama oS 050° a © 1, PS 3662 70 how .90 hO 31.98 58 68 65.0 .76 16 36.1 .83 hO.5 .99 SO 32.23 61 31.69 65.5 .73 17, 35.2 5k bi.o .96 8 32° 58 "32502". $65.35 23 16) 35.0 250° ely sho Ge 32silp, “455 205 Gi.8 | Ger 9 35.2 2.50 42.9 75° ud 3595 (57 02 64.0 .80 2 ©37.6 .80 WS 32.02 50 32.01 60.1 .97 67 7h 30-35, 293 «931.97 5232.96 «60.5 31.97 bh 93 Mean 35.7 31,59 -GOR¥ 5223 759 250 - (sO) (aie3e63 0. -5355-529 260 - 2 (Mods ope eee leh 069 32.07 (1.0 10.7 “6207-51, 5' 28698" = A) SSS - - - 207 - TEe3 T1i7-* 6262 550° 2998 = 2S) 1158 = = = 28.95 - Teeon Oleon Oak. B62) 3059 - 30 70.9 70.0 52. h8.4 29.61 ae Wore 63.8 50.8 8.3 86 = 31 68.9 66.0 52.9 9.0 28.12 = 73.5 72,8 58.5 51.0 30.95 32.15 Mean Ooee 6555 5.3 hije5 9 29.33) 32.32 M6 6950) 60.01) 53.0) 929530) 31 67 63 ° ie) AMBROSE LIGHTSHIP ho 27.1'N. 73 h9.h'wW, Depth of water - 95 fee 1956 September October re) ° [e) 12) Temperature F Salinity /oo Temperature F Salinity /oo Depth miley ee 0) oO) GSOmgo> > WO = 95" Ot 30' SON 95t * OU eae a Sot tot hess - 30.34 - 62.7 63.0 63.8 62,2 30,39 - 2 72.0 72.7 69.0 58.3 28.91 - O3e 6362. Ose Os.01 oat s 3 7262. 72.0. 65.5 - 58,0 29,552 = 62,8 63.8 63.7 62.8 29.79 - Wo v2e2 “7320 “6925 STs 20635 = 62.3 63.9 63.3 - 29,30 - 5 72.1 73.6 68.5 58.5 29.7 - 62.9 63.7 63.5 56.9 29.56 30.19 6 1267 Bel 690d Sisk 29556 - 62.5 62.7 61.6 5.9 30.87 - Tq 305 Poel-6625 60,0.., 27.73) 31.01 63.2 63.5" 636i - 30.59 - 8 7le8 72.9 6°51 53.9 30.29 - 62.1 62.6 63.0 60.0 30.42 - 9 70.7 70.9 70.8 55.7 30.78 al 63.0 63.0 62,8 56.2 30.75 a 10 70.2 70.3 70.1 as 31.00 = 62.0 62.0 58.0 - 30.84 - 1, 68. 7O.L 7050 362.1. 29.96 “ 61.4 61.4 58.8 52.0 31.06 - 12 69.8 69.7 68.3 56.1 30,86 S 61,0 61.0 60.1 53.9 31.05 29.9 13 69.3 69.2 55.9 52.9 30.60 = 61.0. 61.0 60.7 -56.. 32222 = 1h 69.5 68.9 59.0 52.2 31.01 32,31 60.9 60.9 61.1, 57.0 31,48 - 15 697 68.0 ch.0 51,8 30.95 =. 60.8 60.7 60.2 55.8 30.95 teed 16 69.6 - = = 31.05 - 6be0 6126. GL.5. 53.1) 29527 = 17 69.1 69.0 68.9 58.0 30.93 - 60.5, 61,0) 60.9 - 5lis9% 3Os7l - 18 69.2 69.1 69.1 59.1 31.05 - 59.9 60.2 59.3 52.9 29.5) - 19 68,1 68.1 68.0 = 2 = 60.2 60.9 - = 0.1. 30.2 20 6726 67.5 67.5 53.9 30.66 a 50.8 60,8 60.7 57.8 30. me 2 66.2 66.5 65.9 9. - 30.85 32.45 6Oi4 650" 6047: So. 3056) - 22 63.9 66.1 65.8 8.2 29.675 =. 60.8 60.9 60.9 = 30.82 = 23 65.0- 66,0 55.2 48.1 - 30.03 - 60.9 60.9 60.8 59.3 31.18 - 2h 62.9 65.0 7.3 hel 29.99 = 61.5 61.2 60.7 59 h 31.09 — 25 6llg3 56.9 h7el 7.0 3067 = 58.5 58.9 59.0 58.6 31,30 = 20> Ol60 63,9 53.554 HOSS. St520 - 59.5 59.9 59.9 59.9 31.34 31.4h 27 64.6 64.9 64.8 64.7 31.36 - 59.6 59.6 59.7 - 31.30 - 28 63.8. 63.9 63.9: 63.9- 31.3) 31h 59.3 599.3 599.3 59.4 31.61 = 29 63.0 63.0 63.0 63,0 31.56 ae 59.0 59.1 59.1 59.0 31.36 ne) 30 63.0 -63.1 63.1 62.8 31,16 - 59.2 59.2 59.2 - 31.37 - Ba 59.8 59.7 59.5 59.6 31.36 a Mean 68,3 68.4 64.1 55.7 30.46 32.00 60.9 61.3 61.0 57.6 30.74 30.38 64 AMBROSE LIGHTSHIP i} 8 ct a oO 2 IK OVD ONaNnNEWN-H Mean November Temperature F ot 55.9 560k fo) 5765 58.6 Table 10 (cont'd) fo) ) hO 27.1'N. 73 9.4'W, 1956 ° Salinity /oo Ww oO e e@ eo ON oe [Fe eed late faa | 82.20) 32530 Ww pan e \O (oe) i | salasre | Silayal 65 Depth of water - 95 feet Barnegat Lightship Minimum surface temperature of 38°F occurred during the last third of Jamary. Surface temperatures remained less than 0° until during the first third of April. The vernal warming lacged behind the mean for the period of record 1947-1956 until the end of June, Maximum temperatures of 75°F were observed during the first third of September followed by autumnal cooling virtually identical with the mean for the period of record, The thermocline commenced development in April, reached its maximum in July. Maximum temperature at the bottom of nearly 6)°F was reached in early October when the autumn overturn reached the bottom fol- lowing which the temperature in the water column was essentially isother- mal for the remainder of the year. The surface salinity commenced at the beginning of the year at slightly above 32°/00, gradually descended to a minimum of just over 30°/00 during mid-June and zradually recovered to just under 32°/00 by year end, Bottom salinities remained, for the most part, in the vicinity of 32°/00. Surface and bottom salinities took an unexplained jump in the last third of October to 33°/00. 80— 1 TEMPERATURE , °F a a fo} DEPTH IN FEET a eo, BOTTOM S%> Sa eee: SALINITY, %o b L SURFACE S ho N aii ay Figure 12, Barnezat Lightship, 1956, (Dashed line i Las 1 197-1956) ) in upper diagram, mean for period 66 Table 11 Depth of water - 72 feet 75°56.0'W, 39° 5 BIN, BARNEGAT LIGHTSHIP 1955 December Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Salinity °/oo Temperature °F (fey Oo! AN MNO CO CNS} On at COSTAE OO sCO5@) 2 SSS QAATN AN e e e e eo & & Core, Piet Jaro Her feo) Woo JT ac ead Fo | co N (omy ON Calin lal Nye ere atUWNLALN WIN WON WN @;. Oy Gp 05-0: 6. 6, 0, 0. 0.) oOoN (oaman\ DOAHDDORKOWNO HO Omit Gino a4 O.O e@ © e © © © © © oO eo taever el Sion, GiOi@5©@. anh ha SS ON Sh tt e e e e e e e sooo AVC HAHNONAO Batata ON eat Oa ete mt tie OHO FAD Mm-ANOIO AD e e e e e e@ e e e e e SRS NE ORG HEN CLONE ON —t—t ON at ON at MT G7 BARNEGAT LIGHTSHIP Oo @ ed ct ES R OND ONDAWNEWNMHH Temperature °F e Qin SOW nm —-7—-3) <0 SO ENO ON SOO 8EE AN JAWAIAIVIANIN YNA®MOODVSO @ Www WWWWWWwWWW WwWWWWw January Table 11 (cont'd) 39°L)5.8'N. 75°56,0'W, Depth of water - 72 feet 1956 February Salinity °/oo Temperature °F Salinity °/oo 6 o 70! oO! 30! So! 70! QO! 70! 31.71 - Biel lel Shel SGed SelOmseo SZ 502 = Biles Bi atl 38.0 38. File) = aa Bilee> Silas) BT.> Boe: 20h aa 31,87 32,1h 38.0 38.0 38.0 38,2 aan Sex! - Bee 930.2. 38,e)) 3062 eal - - 36.1. 38:0. 30.0 3051 sage ee = 30,6 30.5 3852 38.5 se alh = - 3055 39.3 30.2 38.3 307 32.05 - 38.9 38.9 38.9 38.9 Zs) - = 39.2 39.0 39 Fue) 3920 31.95 = 200) 1325.59 Site skate Seo Seal syn iie) - - 39.9 39.5 39.3 39.2 32.02 = - 39.5 39.9 39.7 39.3 31.70 - = 39.0 38,8 39.0 39.0 31.60 - ann - 39.9 39.7 39.8 hO.o 29,8) 32.43 10 ho.l ho.o 39.8 hol Sales = 029 3909 399 3969 3969 32.00 - 228 Boca Torae) ho.0 ho.0 ho.0 31.85 = et cS ho.0 hO,0 40.0 39.9 32.03 on Aan toad 39 8 NOieale ho.1 ho.2 Subs (Al C 02h 39.8 39.9 0.1 0.2 31.69 Vile 0.0 0,0 h0O.0 39,8 32.22 32,28 ooy, B9el 3793" 57 20) S7 ok aot = 208 Brak 39.0 39.0 39h 32.48 oad ol 32.15 - - - - - = oll o 38.8 38.9 38.9 38.9 31.05 =. 32.36 = 39.0 39.0 39.0 39,0 31.1) os- - - 3953 39.3 39.2 3952 St ohn siege 31.8 - Bau = 32525 32.20 3951, 39.1 39.0) 39s 31 0br 2520 &8 BARNEGAT LIGHTSHIP =] © 2 (ay Fi ON ONAN WNnNeH 38.8 37 9 37.0 38.5 0.0 379 38.0 38.8 38.0 3702 38.3 38.1 38.9 March Temperature OF Table 11 (cont 'd) 39°WS, BIN, 1956 Salinity °/oo 31.9) Ww ine) Ue els Sent it teat {2} jo) 69 75°56.0'W, Temperature or Depth of water - 72 feet April a hb ° BPR EF @ PmMwH HO 39 of) Salinity °/oo fou ules) BARNEGAT LIGHTSHIP d E ct AnrwnvoeH [ a5 a) ONO OA OSE SHPBPSES 1 oO! © e@ @ OO ONA MOF om NRC men ees men Na Genacal Pb EE RS BERS RESUS RS UP RD e e e e e OWNFunNINoOrFaOWwW V1 je) e Wek ney Temperature oF 30! e e e686 ANYOWWOO SO NMRMPWW PDP P oe e © © ° eo Ownrs0 Swi: © On © SYYSNEUURES PSseeE e i \O e “si 50! BEEBE OFA NOK WH e eo e e e e e Oo OOW Ono ME oe] eae eae s E ON e ) 70! e Pm io ee NOW FwwepPrw Ww e ey Se Pip a ee eee @ e MON ONnAH EHO Table 11 (cont'd) — 39°15. 8'N, 1956 Salinity °/oo Oo! 70! 70 75°56.0'W. Temperature °F (=) DBOOnNNEW e e e e® e e e oe DOOAHW NWP GRU GUIANA ° 57. Depth of water - 72 feet June 50! Salinity °/oo qo: BARNEGAT LIGHTSHIP is} @ 10 Temperature °F ANAARAAANAIASA Sil ONY Geos! O'S e@ FPORPAWNEH WOO July e a) HO EON x SN OW 0 ONUL CO on FEE FESyMy w AI OO ONS ORION e © 6 MUM ~m ° Monona SSS SSeS Le ry NOM Table 11 (cont'd) 39°5.8'N, 75°s6.0m, 1956 Salinity °/oo 30.77 31.90 i: Temperature oF 30! Depth of water - 72 feet August 50! Salinity °/oo 30555 313i Table 11 (cont'd) BARNEGAT LIGHTSHIP 39°L5.8'N, 75°56.0'W. Depth of water - 72 feet 19 56 September October Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Day oy 30! Sot 70! oO! 70! ou 30! So! 70! 0! 70! al - = = = - = 63.8 64.2 ‘64.0 764.0 “Sh lde - 2 7563 Toe 6555 55.4 30.90 = 64.8 64.0 64.0 64.0 32.00 5 3 7.8 Tien 58.3 56.8 96 = 64.2 64.2 6.2 64.2 31.98 is h (SRE (sis? 5.0 = 9h = 64.0 64.1 6.1 6, 1 — —_ 5 76 73.0" S865 5628 87 31,55 6.0 64.1 64.1 64.1 yl - 675.2 “Wi.8 61.4 = Shek 029 - 64.1 64.0 6.0 64.0 - = fuln8 Fo 600 1. Sot ed: 90 2 64.0 64.0 64.0 6.1 Atal 2 8 hod = bad a 30.8) best 63.1: 63.0 63.0 63.1 eel = Gn <= s = = = = 63.0 63.0 62.9 62.9
    n (7) SURE S % ram, mean for ag in upper ne 56. (Dashed 19 é} Lightshij Five Fathom Bank period 197-1956) Ficure 13. 15 Table 12 FIVE FATHOM BANK LIGHTSHIP 38°7.3'N. 7°3).6'W, Depth of water - 87 feet 1955 December Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Day «02> 30) “Soe 55! OF gS! Or 30? (50h 65%) “ON Reese 1 2 3 h 5 6 7 8 a 10 ris 12 13 1h 15 Wiese ch7.6 “W757 “N78 S2.claesees 16 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 Py3°) ve ney / nyse Uve9 h7s8 L758 32276 = 18 13.2 45.8 7.6 48.0 32507 - 19 Ti.6 13.8 S658; 1Oeh P30 Somes 20 Sod 5.9 5.30760 7 E 21 iregn - - = 32.) 22 bes 45.2 WS WS. 32.5h) 3275) 23 h2,8 92.9 Us es | 6 20ug ore 2h hey 43.0 lfigyaat hs.5 Ppl = 25 2,8 43.0 3.1 u5.5 A(al = 26 H2s0. N29 13.0. Sele nooo) ee 27 Hea ela ees ee real «22 Bs 28 Fig es Fs Was ac Wc me Mic We) 7h - 29 43.9 43.9 43.9 3.9 Bile) SYST 30 13.3 13.9 Wed hyd .81t exe Sib Whe2 bhe2 bh? “bh.2 32.97 - 16 Table 12 (cont'd) FIVE FATHOM BANK LIGHTSHIP 389L7.3'N. 7h°3h.6'We Depth of water - 87 feet 1956 January February Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Temperature OF Salinity Yoo Depth Day 0! 30! So! 85! 0! 85! 0! 3X0) 50! 85! oO! 85! al yh hh 9 yhe9 Whe9 B30" = 38.5 38.5 38.6 38.6 Bonu =. 2 ints - - - 32, 87 - BRA) BhOae) sheigg) Stee) ofl - 3 ese) Rais pat e62 oO) = B50) 300M 38.01.38. 55! S268) = hh 2.6 Oe h2,8 2.8 283 ond 39.2 38.9 38.8 38.7 oO =. Di em - - - - - BoGen Sons Sr sek ao GehOLse Ose hosks ha. 8 550) SRGbi/ Sop Soe. Beste sles 5B) Seon (On Le hOIeehOe cer hies 32529 = FI50) SO. SIO) VS ao) abe - 8 - - - - - - O50. Boi S62 sion 056 - ihe = ~ - - - - BION se Ole Soe Olt 39 Oln LONE — 10 = ee ~ 2 Pa a 38.6 38.9 38.9 38.9 029 =. 1 - - - - - - Bik Sal Salk shail 5S = 12 a ra ori ~ bea =r 38.9 38.9 38.9 38.9 aSyll a 13 bat on om vs a = Seal 39.0 39.0 39.0 5el 32.10 wn - - - - - S102 SEOs Sosa Soyo GEN 15 td a od iz ie = 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 SD oo Gna detine ey hile oma er 32.92 - BI Bath BIO. Sot 48 = iy - - - - - - B98) 3965s 39 ek 3965 3h - 18 ie? Nial5} 1,2 ) an? aval —) ho. — on CA 226 ee 19 39% Og: NOLS: h0.9 92 32.92 Sat soll Sol B6e 026 - AO) Uh - - - s9 032590 Beil seieak seh skal SY 2022 PiO.o NOs3) 0.3 0.3 82 - B58) SHKO So) sob seer - 22 0.0 ho.o ho.0 ho.0 ott a 38.7 38.7 38.7 38.8 31.96 = 23) Sol SECS Bola Soe 86 32.78 BMSony Bisleths Skyy) aSleigoy skank - 2B EEG) 3826" +3856) 3866 21 - 30d) 3820873820) 3908832 509 - 25 38.9 38.9 38.9 38.9 oil me 38.5 38.4 38. 38.4 B2e3K ao 26 38.9 38.9 38.9 38.9 282 tol BO eu Wo B93 39.5 036 rand Ze ailo? Silla? 138404 310.0 89 = 4o.0 0.0 0.0 hoo ku? 32.51 as S168 Sos Sian | Sah abil - ho.5 hO.5 0.6 0.8 036 = 29 3726 37.6 37.6 3706 263 ot 39.6 39.5 39.5 39.5 ace) = S10) SISSY Silos) slegsy slslalh 5S SUS Sil SES) Stes). Bens). eld syaaietl = Mean 0.0 hO.O 0.0 hO.1 32.78 32.80 3859) 35.08 30.8 3069) 32.870 Baek Uae FIVE FATHOM BANK LIGHTSHIP a @O e i=" [=e] el OD ANAWNEWNHH ls BSPERES BREEERESERSES Temperature °F ° ee © e@ rFPONMOUWS) O OO e (ojo cy Ann Ie) e e e Nene lio sia tineyitesy| — ima No) Ererrrrerre e SPESERSESS SSEREER ° OMrFEFNOO Www lo oe one) eee | OW Www Go oO oe Oo © WWW @ CO @ ee WL ON NSO ¢ March 50! e e @ e e OmMOMNWNO)SD NORPOFRrUOOFO SSREEERE ° eee @ O00 Fr FW O ARP DOWFHFORWO SEESBEBESS CCP REESE Ww (oe) e 'otoot au Www e2e2yie-) CO ON © Www [oomeeKee) ee W ONO 38.4 A oO e e9 Table 12 (cont'd) 38°47.3'N, 74°36 tW, Salinity °/oo 1956 18 Temperature o' 30! hiss 10 1.9 0.9 413.0 11.7 2.0 2.0 tele a ieeal li32- 2,5 43.0 13.0 2.7 2.3 42.0 ia Heat, 250 13.8) 2,0 46.0 12.8 45.5 5.0 45.8 5.6 45.4 43.9 WS.2 db.2 45.7 45.6 5.0 45.0 h5.0 bh.g9 45.0 5.0 5.3. 45.2 725 45.7 46.8 h.0 48.7 Lh.2 Whol b3.h Depth of water - 87 feet April OF Sot = 85! 0.8 11.0 ho.8 ho.9 41.0 40.9 Mey ede hoo Tae 12.0 1.3 12.8 hob OED ieee 41.9 42.8 1.9 1.9 20) 2X0) 42.3 2.1 2.4 42.h 2.9 2.7 1355 113.0 43.0 3.0 SO 43.1 Tee) = 4h.8 = bh.2 bho bhe7 lb.0 43.9 443.9 h3s9° 3.56 W325 lack eG) hey Salinity ° / 00 32,33 85! Me a ae eee & 32.hh 31.95 Table 12 (cont'd) " FIVE FATHOM BANK LIGHTSHIP 38°W7.3IN, 7hO3L.6'W, Depth of water - 87 feet 1956 ey June Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Dep th Day oO! 30! So! 85! 0! 85! (ou 30! 50! 85! ot 85! Ae ysO) 348, 39.9" 3856-3105 - BO.0 55s 6.2. lis.5) 30.82 - 2 ho = - = 30.81 o oS 56.5 7.6 45.7 82 =) 3 iy) - - - =) 32,13 5859 5507, Lir0 a 82 = h h9.8 8.8 43.3 hs} 31.00 a 59.3 55.6 79 17.0 289 — PROM MO Sa HOLOR Bee - - 59.9 55.1 8.8 h7.0 30.86 - 6 9.7 9 1 5.0 h3 2 BIS 2 = 60.8 57.6 8.8 7.5 31.00 od ite 50.5 9.6 6.8 43.3 30 73 = 60.8 57.6 8.3 8.0 30.8, 32.9 CEOs W6c7e NWOs5 5.3 3152 = - - = 7 = - OPSIOy W8e2e NSL2= N80, Blehe - - = = = ° rE w Ca Ge OE ee ers cape ale 45 50.6 50 2 h6.4 31.6) BH90 6, 8 56.0 9.9 h9.8 31.09 bet 18 50.) 2 6.8) 1h6.0° 3163 - 65.5 9 S3.l Sst. Lotk oh = 19 9 50.0 7.1 hS.3 31.60 3 Guise 63.0). 52.8° 50.5 6 = 20) 525-5250, WS.3° hug = -- 6 63.8 SLsOL 5052 253 - 2teesheO 5250) live? lie8 30.55 = 63.9 53.8 50.0 50.0 056 S 22 b3see. 52.95 Seo bhe8 30.51 = 65.1 6he2 50.0. hosoo 312553 - 23 5361 5.9 hh 2 13.8 30.51 oe 65.9 64.29 50.9 Mites 30.79 bod 2h aby 5Us0) SPSS? WS50% 30591 32.67 66.9 G6l.1 52.5 9.5 090 = 25° 53597 53.9" h8s7= lkso: 30370 2 67.6 G6u9° S57, 50.3 ae - Zope olen. SueSe li7e2> WSO; 3150 = 68.5 65.6 5Si.4 SL.O 30.82 Es Cll = - - ~ - - 69.6 63.3 5263 50.9 31.25 - 28) 5258 “6.38 W550. W5s0° 30.97 - 72 Soo) bilral loys 19 - COMNSeeb) Sone Gee USe8. 30587 = 6950) 66.28 SE7e 9.5) 32.36 - 30) 5259 Seo h6.t b5.3) 30583 = O68 roy Flys. TAM sob = Ble Saeue Sled NSs7e lose) 30s6L, 32.89 Mean 51.6 9.6 h6.5 TVFege) 31,02 32.33 6369 5.1 9.9 8.6 31,09 32.16 Ws Table 12 (cont!d) FIVE FATHOM BANK LIGHTSHIP 38947.3'N, 7h°3L.6'W, Depth of water-87 feet 1956 | July August Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Temperature OF Salinity °/oo | Depth | Day ot 30! So! 85! QO! 85! 0! 30! So! 85! 0! 85! 1 69.2 63.0 52.0 - 30.07 - H0.6 62.1 52525 <— - - 2 68.1 64.3 9.4 - 29.73 - ley ol.b 5250 - 31.07 32.06 3 71.5 = =. = 30.57 = 69 6 58.8 ch.3 52.5 209 = h ile 67.0 58.0 = 30,83 a (Oss 60.2 Slo Las el9 . Dist 65.08 0065, goal 31803) Ol.cbes W700 Glo bl ou = 20300 = 6.70920 162.2, 05/60) Sup 5 3065 - 69.5 69.4 So. 5255 Sido - Te Os Si.3 Sis. Wee ° - 68.7 64.8) 59.5: 55.5 30.99 - 8 (069 59.0 53. 53.1 eo — 70.0 69.6 59.6 57.3 31.26 = ee oy! fae ve = = 71.3 70.7 69.6 56.9 .21 31.65 10 66.2 ail 52.3 oe =z a (ert 64.9 60.2 58.2 31.0), ta I65.7. Sst S201 52/05 30.90 a= 736 (61,0) 58.8 Lo) 30.7% a= 2h Y6ieo Sisliee 5223) 21.9 - B2,42 Pale O91 (58.95 155.0 87 - 23) 67s 58.7. SL630 519= 31,01 - 1329 "69.0 56.5 - 82 - 1h 62,0 52,8 50.0 - 20300 = MieS 66.4 Sts2, =" | 30.97 Air= a5 6h, 8 53.3 bale 9.6 220 Bs The =: 3 31,02 os NG 96750 55.2) 50.5 - 31,02 - Wel 1308, D0el - - 31.61 17 68,2 <6lely 50,5 Sh9.h « 30.92 - 15.9 (3.8, 5.8 - 30.98 - 18 69.0 58.8 51.3 ils ool a 76.3 idiot Oe = 096 i 19 70.4 58.0 We 2 50.3 098 32.50 7.9 66.8 5{0)3) == 30.91 = 20 (AO) 65 3 51.0 = 30.98 =. Th 6 59.0 50.2 Ls 31,06 Zig 68,0 65,05952,0.. Se “34 t c= - - - ~ - 22 69.5 62.8 Dita =i ls = Mit (255 (qs 69.0 31,28 a 2570.3 Ofe0) 52.9. beec 12 - 71.9 70.9- 68.1 64.0 30.95 3123 2h, 69.0 59.8 52.7 =, oll) = Tata) 71.6 67.2 ice 31.43 = 25. 16950" 65.0 See! eed ells - Tat oils POls9 50.0) 30.9% - 26 72,0 60,8 paler 51.4 oll B2 eke cs} "Qeo 63.8 56.1 31.2 = 2 - - - ~ - - ecseieeke Sues - 30.87 - 28 (alan 63.0 51.5 bead 02 - 72.6 (PS 5702 5250 286 om 29 72.0, 71.6 56.6 19.9 31.00 = 726k 72.3. 57.0 = 87 BO 70.5" (63.2 S2un 5.0 13 - 1362 72.3 160.0 = 303 S1.9l Bl 7065 S602" 52,0" SIS8 6” Stel - Digs “es 56.2 - 30.73 - Mean” ©6953 60.7 5266 Sl.5 30.09 31,95 72.5 68.1 58.7 53.0 31,02 31.7h 80 Table 12 (cont'd) FIVE FATHOM RANK LIGHTSHIP 38°h7.3'N. 74°36 'W, Depth of water - 87 feet 1956 September October Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth - Day 0! 30! 50! 85° oO! 85! or 30! 50! 85! 0! 85! 1 7h.O 13303} 59.0 51.0 30, 82 = 6.5 614.69 6.8 6.8 Sila iS} a OTS LOmNGOLo en Tiel - a = 64.8 64.8 64.6 64.5 see, stain 3 (S50. sesh esjak e ahe@ 019 - Glpelie Gliese mole Pn soled 3 - hh hot, 266° G25 SEO. sony - 65.6 6502 65.2 61.6 a5 - 5 70 (Bot septs: bass slats = = e s “ 2 = 6 Wns 5 “WSAsih Meedoe SY/50) Cee sHher2 6hel 63.9 63.8 63.8 82 = mel oeO) Tie3i65-0 155.0 203 - 64.3 64.2 64.9 64.0 316 = SEE ORD Teal sleet 50 025 - San ssh. sigh -tSs\qih Gil. = 9 Cc = = = = — 63.3 6364 GBo7 63.8 289 ba 10 69.0 68.9 69.2 69.0 aD - Sol CBigh CEs2) Gs\0) - = EIMMGSEON GBe6 (6850 = Aah = 6255 Geeh Cao. Geah 291 32.00 12 70.0 69.0 69.0 = 02h = 62.6 62.1 62.1 62.1 ae) = OMG ND) Ofer! OOo - sts S320 (CONES GS) OPES) .90 3 OO! Gla vO S 030 = CPE 2a. Ado CLAS 91 2 OO O%euy Ola) 5060 (OL = 62s GO mIMG2ele NOPndn mag? = U6 FOGS Osh eyoik = o 2h i C29 62a 625 C250) B2k1S s 1) TOSS Coa as.3 = 030 = G23 GON G2 a G280 31696 = 18 69.3 69.3 66.l — 39 ined — >? od — CI — IS) CEO CAS. On EStes 5) t6 = 62,2 16222) 62218 (6250 Beil - 20 68.5 68.3 63.0 56.5 27 BO 62a 620) 16260.2262.0 205 ks a O62 Ge ose Ssiass 046 = GUST s6le7, 16156. Gl ly 82 is 22 66RO) (6603) 55.63 - 256 - - - = = Oi = 23 66.7 61.7 55h ~ ail? = = = = = & n QW 1663) let Ol.6 = 31,90 = = = = = = = 2 GSOMGiient OO COSI ll ms BOLO = = = = = a is 2 a = s me a a 27 COGS — COs) OKs) HeW5C Ste SUSE} 28 29 30 Shil Mean 70.7 69.5 64.0 55.2 31.17 31.96 631 63.0 62.9 62.9 31.86 31.86 FIVE FATHOM BANK LIGHTSHIP is) @ Ee # a ON ONAN W Mw | on November Temperature OF Table 12 (cont'd) 38°73 'N. 7h°3h.61W, 1956 Salinity °/oo cal nh 32.3 ol6 31.95 32.00 ale) 016 32438 31.89 (32.08) 32 Pe dE ASS PW eS ert se ie. 82 Temperature OF i on) (2) SSSSSpyyy e NON oOAIWOW NM earn Depth of water - 87 feet December oe e ° e te SSS55SHRHyy e e WANA @aNEOWNM WN bled ® se) e e DoOrtyonrnanwwvr SSSSSyYY ° ® 5 WL # ® Salinity °/oo (S) © WL ° oO i= ee eee at ASe bo 018 32.43 32.uh (32.40) Winter Quarter Lightship Monthly mean surface temperatures exhibited no significant departure from the mean for the periods 1879 -99 and 1925 -0 (Bumpus, 1957) although the amual mean for 1956 (56.3°9F) was higher than the period of record annual means (1879 -99; 55,)°F; 1925 -hO, 55.9°F). Minimum temperatures throughout the water column occurred during the latter part of January and first-third of February at ap- proximately 09°F, The thermocline commenced development in April. Maximum temperatures at the surface (76°F) were reached during the last third of August, Maximum temperatures may have been missed at the bottom during September, By the first-third of October the autum overturn had commenced whereupon the temperature declined at a regular rate eae Me the water column, The year ended with the temperatures about 7°F warmer than at the end of 1955. The intrusion of off-shore water during mid-July chilled the whole column of water several dezrees, This is apparent in the temperature time profile, as it was also at Five Fathom Lightship. Surface salinities remained near 32, 5°/oo during the first 2 2/3 months, dropped to 31°/oo in early April, recovered to 32°/o0 during May, gradually declined to 31°/oo in August and slowly recovered to 32.5°/oo at year end, Bottom salinities tended to remain fairly close to the Suuace salinities during the first quarter of the year, became higher by 1 to 14 parts per thousand while the thermocline was developed then returned 55 only slightly higher than surface values during the last quar- ter of the year. 83 Ww 5 fis ire} g [Ts a =) n 80;— a fo} o do’ SYNLVYSdWS. it ~o o_o, ° ae wo = fe) = = O° o ° | 6 | Ff \ nm oO a 1334 NI Hid30 1 anlnn appa b= =t--t4 fo} [e} rm md m, m °% ALINITVS 84 (Dashed line in unper diacram, mean for period e Ne} Ru On qo a Q, ‘dd ar Q as) G b6 “ fame & oO 9) wu wo —- ERs) Ghost oO. ud ot PW a =r le Figure 1) Table 13 WINTER QUARTER LIGHTSHIP 37°55'05"N, 7h°S6 tow, Depth of water - 96 feet 1955 December Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth 0! 30! 50! 96! 0! 96! Day IL 63.6 53.6 53.6 153.6 32.58 32 c)u! 2 5360 5350) 53.0) 5350 226 = 33 P55 Soh SAO. G259 28 = h BA Gd.6 G20 Ges 222 a 5 Epa, EPoalt Seeal | SARS »10 rs 6 BOB Pos 5253)) S245) 230 = 7 51.9 51.9 51.9 51,8 228 somal 8 Cpr, Sea see) Gulee sll 82562 9 Gi2 Gl.e flee Silat 228 - 10 053 BOs SOs) Sons 16 = 11 ha Misys Tee sits) 5) 090 - 12 is) Mesh IMA SOS 220 “ 13 Iiga7 Insists) MOL Bose.) sreigaun - Wh Sati aera ineyscs eee schilaly = 15 Iian Ines These Wexoy seu —sieas\s 16 USS SaSso Seth UOsioe S2eoc lee 17 NGsOr iS Wed W8.8r 31502) a 18 ksh Mise Ihsan Meo. skeqsk - 19 yf 52 Nis 48.5 ho. 030 os 20 N6zO) N6sr e529) 558 206 ~ a1 WS. 4S.1 45.1 5.0 Ol - 22 ING IN 2 Ihea2 InSsy S28 SB5shs) 23 hes Takats) ines) need 026 - an Whe8 bbe8 bh.g - wee - 25 MS.5 - = LG aut 26 Wh.6 bb.6 bb.6 6.7 sli2 - 27 Hives ei eel hese 32522 - 28 Wes Wiese nese ean SaLGye ee 29 ie\5) lisa thea 32.0 32.26 30 alsal Wie) INSo)- NK)" site 31 h,2 Ins) Ihe: Thos) 332550) - Mean Kepso thisleak Uhisisy Seo) sy2aals) sZA io) 85 WINTER QUANTER LIGHTSHIP Denth | i es Boar new E oO 5 Bh Ss me RESBE Temperature °F oO! hance (a Se OO) ) ONWHH OH Beet e .-7 Ui Wo) = f= XO 0 S10. 10 FY e aDmonon 30! SS ® © @ 6 © @ @ i Ww wo Ww © ©Or0NON049 ao @ W On © @ Wwe 10 E- © Ww pop ® Ww No OO re fee Oe OOOH ° Mme © Ne) XO @N\O |} January So! 96! Weer See 43.8 13,8 3.0 h3.0 Boh 3. Need ideal bbe? bb.7 Whoo Lb. he. Lak lise dseliseds Hee) aleee ales} vials o,0 0.9 SisPU mice 2953 3968 Ships. sedi ho. 41,0 39150) HOs9 ho.o 0.0 ho.6 9.6 iS) Jakes a aabe pat pal hO.9 0.9 Mas) ae Seis shhes) 3909 109 30 ot = ho, hol 39,8 hO.6 ho.2 ho.s 39.1 39.7 ha.2 15 Table 13 (cont'd) Salinity °/oo 0! 1956 96! 32 37°55 '05"N, 7956 'O"W. Depth of water - 96 feet Tenperature °F oO! 39.2 39.7 30.8 39.8 39.6 39.9 39.5 0.0 39.9 ho.k BP Yi 39.9 3955 40.1 30! \O SO SO 3 SO NO SO 40.1 February So' 96! on 39.6 hO.2 32.67 39.23 3265 265 39.8 ho.1 aon 39.8 39.8 26° S60 swat a9) Sade sat 268 39.5 ho.o ABP: 40.3 40.5 a57 hO.3 0.3 043 ho.O 0.0 Ae) Seats 355 252 39-68 3958 26k omow ene AsHt BIA we Shice 5 39.9 0.2 209 i B o3l ho.o Li 50 268 ho.5 lo.5 ate val Ags take) 86 5 z 278 10.9 hO.9 - 10.2 ho.2 = ho.3 ho.8 Ashe 39 oh hO.3 based 0.0 0.0 218 hO.2 40.2 ATS PS ie LeS6 ko 12. h2.7 285 LO Bil Ones 2eu5 Wos2 hOs3* 32656 Salinity °/oo oS! 32.65 BYE 32.78 er gm TS ee tal Table 13 (cont'd) WINTER QUARTSR LIGHTSHIP 37955!'O5'N, 7h°S6!oh'w, Depth of water - 96 feet 1956 March April Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Depth Maye Ol 30" SOP 96! Ol Skey Ov sol Eo Cis OU = SIS" aL hO.7 hoes hod ho.2 BOL 32.54 Tae) ho.2 Owe! ho. 30.95 = 2 1.5 1.5 his W.5 265 com als Hal ho.3 ho.s 299 = 3. 1230, hacer hegh) eal elie = Loe wile 7 HOLS) OSG Ott - lh Uepeak heal) peal Ae BO = hess jhal ” Sk Aa = 290 = GB e5S Wess less nee ots = Insia3} heats) ribs 3} - ite eel: 6 2,8 2,8 43.0 3.7 62 = Wh 2 2.9 1.2 os 5 boxe 7 Wess qese She ae phe) oyhal = nie) hiss Tiakes}. Inalkssy sos val - 6 iP oh heen Pah Nato Some Beale ngs 32 Ingsaal Unsy@) these} Sus t6hss - S h2.3\- hase hee rake olt2 = ip eas), nas@ hala olt7 - 10 hh.2 43.8 hheo hh.O BTS = h3.6 2.7 2.7 essa 528) 4 HO) SSO SB, 43/58 282 ss WS eS Wein Oxo) sBlaishh 121130) 3.0 h3.0: Wes5 A 5i/ - - = = - - - 3}, ASO) Bes Wheyion INAS) Heal, = NBs) heesk hae WRAP sy Ap ssi iss Wh, UNS 5O = = = 350, = Ingioike pare heey N26} 50) = 15 he. ieee 2.7 WAS oD 32.76 43.3 N32 LoS eal alal = 16 h3,0 43.0 13,0 a 202 -~ WSL Lhied hed h2,.8 32.23 = eaten N20; e220 h2<0 206 = nate ns\a7 Wsyaisy high ais! sel he) - 18 ya 5 ish high hich 235 =~ h7el hid LY - 205 om OMe 2 ul Oo ll On Las ’ - So) isaly Wise) that ell - POWER Oete Ose NOs LOZ 025 - N5.6 bie? Lb.O 43.9 hy 3325310) 21 0.0 OO. 40.0 39.9 ally? = Ws.t &S.0 bh? 3.9 72 3 22” MnO BSo, Wa SSA LZSs00) SAS) Ina nines lvhisgy > ileal 209 = 2 o.8 40,0 39 58) eyo) 31.95 bend 15.7 hh. bhel 3.9 Paste) a 2h 0.0) OO, Loo. hO.O, 32.08 - S52. Whbiasy Whe Whe) SILO) ee CHO Oece UO HOO: | 739.66 = ISOM LUT OMe O) ell mse cilele ~ 26720.0 39.8 39.9 WOO LG = 45.1 Wee Lheo bh.8 270 = 2G ela hOSB” LOSS: WON Sl.78 == litsystey Mispal nso) Inve) “sy fo) sya Salis) 20yelt.2 hi. ule Low 32.02 - t6ee W558 WS Iie 31573 - PORNO uC HOO) Wale aswel” 3.60 Ingest ier sh Ina) hele, Sakae) - BOM OSS HOSO MHOnO. 3969) 2 31.61 = nel (ns neal heal sya BOSC NOss mn HOse HO.) SLeli7 - Meer alc Wika; mbes; kis sywesnh sVaey elie, Ines oolns\aak nls) salts sya52il Table 13 (cont'd) 18 53,5 527 51.9 9.0 31,5) 32042 fd WINTER QUARTER LIGHTSHIP 37°55'05"N, 7°56 '0h"W, Depth of water - 96 feet May 75 feet June 1956 May June Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Tenperature °F Salinity °/oo Depth Day oO! 30! so! 96! oO! 96! oO! 30! 50! 75 0! 75! eC Rial Neo ocuel - 57.9 55.0 NO.5 79 = - 2 N62 47.9 6.2 of | Seal) - 56.6° 5769 50.7 HS? 30g29 - 3 48.7 7.6 5.9 bho - - 58.5 56.0 49. 48.1 31.50 - h ho. a 6.9 hed 32,16 BYARIZ 60.3 Sree 49.7 17.8 056 m7 5 8.) 79 h6els 5.3 32 .08 og 60.1 SNe 9.7 8.1 ool au 6 9.0 48.5 lives ou 31.90 = 61,0 58.3 51.0 8h ma om. 7 49.5 48.2 - - 32.03 - Biel Seo lose” Ssh 083 32.77 8 7.8 7.8 h7.8 - 31.96 - - - = - - - 9 lig.2 ese hye hy | sik | 61.5 61. 9. ho. 310k | = LOTUS Neck 7.8 hye 32.36 = 61.8 59.8 50.9 50.6 32.09 - alal! 9.2 9.2 8.7 8.2 ALONE B2 65 62,3 61.6 Sued 50.2 O1 bas 12 50.8 h9.h ho. 8.2 HO = 6145 60.6 51.0 9.0 32,00) ere Ug 50.2 NOs? JG.) bel Bees - 65 61.3 Sl. hO.8 32563 - te Soe Osa. NGS G50! 4 31. co - 68.0 62.3 53.8 50.2 30.72" 32.66 BS 52.5 eal aal 8h 8.5 S12, 25) oo a = — — - = 16. 565 b9.0 NOT 7 uG.5 - 31685 - 63.6 52.6 UuS.8 18.2 30686 - aly 53.0 50.2 9.5 48.9 32.16 i = . =. = a 19 Shey SleO: 29.0 7s3). Lou - 6us1 Gl 5.9 SiS 32519 - 20 52.5 52.1 50,8 6.6 B2655 , 63.9 63 5 55.7 She2 32510 = 21 52.7 62,0 50.7 Wi.6 ~Bech0 - 6ls5 “Glee Slush 52.5 31.98 2032, 22 ch.0 53.0 BL. 7.5 cals gl a 66.3 65.7 52. 20 228 =. 23 blo Soe Uieo: Utes 80 - O0e/ 165.0 mes.0T bee 022 - 2h 53a 53 42 Se3} spol oh cad 68.0 65.6 57.0 52.9 026 a 25 Sh.0 53.5 50) 48.8 o7h 32,35 ~ALAG: 61,0 53.0 52.6 036 = 26 che2 Seis tf 8.7 oes ATH =, (23) 61.0 5.0 52.5 263 = 27 Pie 54.0 706 Wied 31.8) bod Bs 62.6 52.9 51.3 molt bs 20° SO “Shel “NGsO hosel “32.20 = 1360 (6563 55,0 51.9 220 32.70 29 Sh.3 53.9 52.9 9.2 B1392 = 70.6 63.2 iy 52,0 ork baa 30 54.3 5h.0 5261 8.5 Sy Ike tt 70.1 68,5 Be, bes = a 31 56.8 55.3 8.6 h7.8 31.83 33.16 Mean 51.8 50.7 18.9 h7.3 32,00 32.54 64.7 61.0 52.2 50,5 31.55 32563 88 Table 13 (cont'd) WINTER QUARTER LIGHTSHIP 37955 1OS"N, TH°SG ‘ow, Depth of water - 75 feet 1956 as August Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Dap Ol Bol ow St oh 7/50 OF 302 Sot 7S OTs i 7203) (Ic S062 Sula ~ sloniss - (BSD - - a Mbsei - 2 ask ics basal Veils) sala - (39 Wet Choe S72 28 = 3 (Bao Moss exHor Saat oh - - - - - - = In 39) Ons) = Sess Seas Seal - (S53) Yooh Scorn sSc2 625 - 5 hse Cao Shy ben Soe) S250 Gah Ton, Gok S89 200) Sali 6 Wet 68.9 5u.8 C255) Ash as (2qe (eigh 59.9 B45 og <4 L Boe C52 S869 Ess 3h - (So God eer eas) shlyoe) - 8 (B62 60.9 Glia 53.9 026 x 1255 = v2 O 30.93 os 9 WOs3 Cio S259 ~ 255 ook - (eS W3e0) 6662 58.0 of2 - 10 i. = = = = =. 75.28 72.6 679 58.1 30.70 ~ aM ONes) O06? p52.0 50.5 58 - (550 Ose C255 Sos) silaikl 32520 a2 68.7 She3 51.0 51.0 028 32.68 ue (ae 64.3 56.5 30.87 oe TO MeOO ely SO ela) Sty, degt ole oD a= ie 208 (60.2 “56. 390) a= Wh Ofc) Bene La SOAS) 2 Oh - (sca nes) aS Sach 092 - 15 67.7 64.0 50.9 9.0 oe TO 68. 6OL0 57.1 30587" i= 16 70.9 as if 50.9 oul: _) Woe 71.3 62.8 56.8 31.1) =a I TOot, Sect sites) Sco shone) - 136 - ~ - 22 - UCM Os 50.97 Eo SO 30165 - BOns one Cool Sioq5) 228 | 32530 19 72.1 She 2 ELA iil 062 32.67 (255 = = = 03h se 20 70. = = = a5 a (Bre oe Cs =. Aulxs) 4 Ce Mole 52.3 oo 30696 - = - = - - - OOD Oso) Slvshes Sch) 3006 - (6 - - - 026 - 23) (ice TOSOs GOR Bose -O7 - (265 - - - 209 = 2h 70.6 69.9 52.0 50.0 oll = ilo see so = aul) bas 25 71.8 70.6 63.5 52.0 SAT beat The o = C2 SDI Bale tf) Qs) (252 On epa0! 325? eloN 3205¢ The - - - 720) a= 27 72.8 56.1 52.8 52.2 026 = (ot oS oo = SCI ‘oe Ae) - 725 - - - 36 - (505 - - - 037 - 2) Tol Bon Ges). Ealeo) 0 - Uo Wes CHG Bare ohb9 - BOM (On O8n0" 5256— 51,0 65 = (Sos). del alas Gia - Sh W260 eee Selo Gils oh = COnN Wise: sed. SESH 7S - Means) (eli 60) Su2) 5h56) 328 32566 (505 VCO Gh byo2 shloln syecils) 89 Table 13 (cont'd) WINTER QUARTER LIGHTSHIP 37°55'05"N, 7h°56'oh"wW. Depth of water - September 75 ft October 95 ft, 1956 September October Temperature OF Salinity °/o0 Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Day 0! 30! 50! 75! Oe 75! 0! Be! 50! 95! 0! 95! 1 75.5 = - - - - 62 Gl.2 6.1 ‘63.8 3162 ee 2 Tis = = = 31.35 = 61.2 6leL 6h. 0 6hiel Bed - a 766, <= “ = 036 325065. 65.2 (6159 “G7 GIS G26 h 75.5 = = et 228 a 65.1 651 6561 64.2 AYE Sub sal 5 17) = imal a 230 aad 65.1 65eL 65.1 6.5 ahi = 6 78. Z a 2 Slve Ss 65.0 65.1 65.0 65.0 .39 - a 76. S a =.) sieeoe = 64.6 64.7 64.7 64.5. 236° fea 8 = =- = =- = = 64.3 64.3 6,2 64.2 e 4 i) 2a - - - sil pie = OK Con2 opal oil _ - 10 (le - -™ i 228 Blo 6h 67 ligt 6.8 6409 e ox! ie “7, - - - O1e27 - 64.1 64.1 6.1 64.1 Apiepe BUlSee: aay ale = = - 30.89 - 63621°63.6 6327 © 6308 8 = aks} (CE as os. = 31,18 = 63 pk 63 Fal 63 oul 63 AE bh - Up 725 - - - 31.23 - G3ed: 636) 7632 6352 93 - 15 - - - ~ - - 63.6 63.1 63.0 63.0 019 - 16. 72. - - Sep ote - Ose ‘63.150 6362) O2e5 268 = 17 736 - - - mee coon 63.7 63.8 63.8 62,8 21> Me 18 (26 = = bd 025 aa = =. bard =, c-2 — Loo. = = =v 31626 Otel 0350) 0305) 6360) 51e9t) mee 20 ~ = = = = - 63.0 63.0 63.0 62.9 32,16 = 21 “70. - - - 3146 = Goel Get (60h 6e69 <5 at 22) “70. = = = oli = 63.0 63.0 63.1 63.1 32.20 S 23 69.6 a iad = 056 = 6363 63.1 62.9 62.9 SiH = 2h 70. - 2 =. 31270 ‘a 62.7 62.9 62.9 62.8 32.28 Bs 25 167s - - - - 32439 61.7 61.8 61.9 61.9. 033, 32633 26 68. - - - 31.59 - Ole9 “6159 361.9 Mole? 209 27 = = S = = = 62° 6153 61,3 961.3 el ae 28 6h. = = =e 931558 = 60.9 61.1 61,1" 6152 32.20, xe 20 6561 65eu 65.0 61.9 B36 2 61.1 61.2 61.5 61.5 Suleehs: = 30 64.6 6ho3 64.3 64.3 31.33 - 61.8 61.9 61.8 - 093 - 31 62.5 = - - 31.65 - Mean 71.7 - - =. 31,33 31.9¢ 6352 63.2 63.2 (63,0 31.77 31.92 30 WINTER QUARTER LIGHTSHIP is} (o) ue) ct =a Oo OOIKDNEwWNHH le con e e e e NM OOHH OO NO Wal eA A SC 57 03 Temperature OF 30! 61.2 69.8 50! 61.0 60.7 Op} 58.2 Table 13 (cont'd) 37°55'05"N. 7°56 '0h"W. 1956 November Salinity °/oo 0! 95! Sasi sasill 31 Temperature °F oO! 30! Depth of water - 95 feet December So! Salinity °/oo 95! 0! 53.8 32.60 Su.0 268 53.8 32.89 54.0 33.10 5u.0 32.94 53 ht ~60 53.9 alt 5u.6 A1() Sh.2 49 B25 55 52.1 3 bl. 52,1 ~60 Bee 90 52.7 60 52.5 Are CBee 230 53521 3205 belate subsisal Poel See Eo melk o27 5363 215 52.8 oth 53.0 Oh 53.0 asyhi 53.0 Ares} 52 e5) a5! 52.9 ANS 52.8 aah 52.3 238 C2 ool SQ aBh/ BBA2 S265 opt =) fee) 33 32.9 Chesapeake Lightship Winter surface temperatures tended to be several decrees lower than the 1917-1956 mean, The spring warming lagged behind the mean, Summer surface temperatures tended hisher than the mean except for a depression in mid-July. Autumnal cooling preceeded the mean ex- cept for a sudden retardation of cooling in December, Minimum temperatures, less than 38°F, occurred during the last-third of January. During February and March surface temperatures were usually only a fraction of a degree warmer than the bottom tempera- tures at the surface of sreater than 77°F were reached in mid-August. Maximum temperatures at the bottom of creater than 72°F were reached in mid-September at the commencement of the autumnal overturn, Surface salinity ransed from 32°/o0 at the besinning of the year to less than 26°/oo in late June followed by an irrecular recovery to 32° /oo at year end, Botton salinities tended to be several parts per thousand more saline during most of the year, but during the period of marked turnover in the water column surface and bottom salinities were nearly identical. The depression in surface temperature in mid-July resulted from an intrusion of cold saline water from offshore which influenced the whole water column, The intrusion appears to follow a period of preponderant strong southerly winds, The winds observed at the lizht- ship were predominantly strong southerly for the first two thirds of July end averaced to very light westerlies during the third-third when the deeper water became much warmer, Inasmuch as the mean surface pres- sure map for the month of July 1956 is almost an exact replica of the lonz-time normal it may be that the condition which produced the en- croachment of cold water is a normal phenomenon, We have no previous data on this subject other than the daily surface water temperature records for previous years, The one-third monthly means for previous years indicate a tendency for a surface water temperature depression at some tine durine the summer, This was particularly marked in 195) wnen the usual maximum surface tenperatures were not reached. Comparison of the day to day fluctuations in the temperature at all deoths during the sumer of 195 with the wind systems indicated, in ceneral, that colder temperatures at the middle and lower depths are assoc‘ated with southwesterly winds, while warming occurs with north easterly or easterly winds, Presumably the strong southwesterly and westerly winds move the surface water offshore and allow the encroachment of colder more saline water from offshore. Northreasterly and easterly winds on the other hand press the coastal water against the shore and force the deeper water off shore, This is similar to the phenomenon reported by Lonzard and Banks (1952) at Sambro Lightship but requires less wind for a shorter duration. Here we have only a two layered sys- tem whereas they had a three layered system, JZ The influence of other than purely local winds is apparent as a better correlation between water movements and wind is obtained from observing the position of fronts on the sequence of daily weather maps than from the purely local observations on the lightship, This intrusion of offshore water is apparent at Winter Quarter and Five Fathom Bank Lightships to a lesser degree, but at the same times as at Chesapeake Lightship, indicating that this intrusion and regression occurred all along this stretch of the coast, TEMPERATURE , °F 8 3 a 40) SURFACE T , °F DEPTH IN FEET \ BOTTOM S%o 25 2 ee ee Be ae ee Ree Ue ee | ee ee oe | ° SALINITY , %o Figure 15, Chesapeake Lightship, 1956. (Dashed line in upper diagram, mean for period 1947-1956) 93 Table CHESAPEAKE LIGHTSHIP 36°58'07"N, 75°2 102"wW, Depth of water - 65 feet 1955 November December Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Depth Day o' 30! Sot 65! 0! 65! o' 30! 5Ssot 65! oO! 65! ab Sl. 51.9 52.0 52.1 30.82 - 2 5057 52.3 52.7) 5250) 30a - 5) Galral 51.9 SO 52,8 29.70 = mM Cle? Seely 52.8" 5256 28569 - i 52.2 52.7 52.9 53.0 29.65. 32229 6 Br.9) 52.2 58.0) 53,0) alee - 7 51.8 51.9 51.9 5L.9 32,21 - 8 50.9 51.3 51.3 51.3 oe om 9 EQ alee Of policdlemia lege 658 ~ 10 50.1 50.1 50.1 50.2 eee - aay: 48.8 49.5 9.7 9.7 als) - 12 48.8 48.9 8.9 8.9 036 32.26 ils} = be = cS = = apn 48.3 48.2 8.1 8.1 32.16 32,16 15 8.8 8.5 8.5 8.4 Aca = 16 7.8) UT.7T li7c6 L7G" 32.49 - 17 HSelh) Ufa 1 uGeO Heed eo. nt - 18 17.0) 6.0 1658 V6.8 - - Ay) 6.9 6.8 6.8 46.8 32,28 = 20 46.7 46.8 46.6 e280 = 21 h5.0 5.0 5.0 hh.9 32.17 32.488 22 hho lb.l bet Whol 33.22 - 23 5.5 Wed hed Wheg Bence = 2h, 6 bh.2 ol Uh 18 - 25 Wb.9 Ubeo 45.0 5.0 s02 = 26 9 bh.8 8 he? 28 = 21 Loe 1353) 1363 Be 218 - 28 5.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 29,86 32.18 13.0 13.0 1350 13.0 ol9 “32817. 29 Shed Shel Shed Suhel 32.16 - 43.2 43.1 43.1 43.1 023 - 30 51.9 Ciel: 52. 53.1 30.65 a 3.0 3.0 3.1 h3.1 220 = Spt N2g6e i225 es65 l2e6 32 2 Mean U7 eT Web eee Bis76, 32625 34 Table 1h (cont 'd) CHESAPEAKE LIGHTSHIP 36°58 '07"N. 75°,2102"W, Depth of water - 65 feet 1956 January February Temperature CF Salinity °/oo Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Day QO! 30! 50! 65! QO! 65! 0! 30! 50! 65! oO! 65! eG Pele i2con hes) 32.100 - Seg@) Sheesh Ske? Silas Shh geko)” Sill sis) 2 h2.5 h2.2 232 282 el2 i 39 2 39.1 39.0 38.9 31.94 a 3}. Thal se) 7 haley ne so) heat 27 = Bei Sah sah sal slOsar - h 2.1 39a! 018 - OS 39.6 39. 39h 255 - Wl, S965 sol seash Io) shlseks) - oye) shan skasy sheigs Atal, H2I.C! BIO 39 8c 39031. Bee0L MOMS Oso Boel) SGck) 3862: SLO) 31.63 lS S9s6) 398) 39.62 256 Wh SY BUA SAS sie SUAr eS - OSB 39th 6 39ie3) 3963) B56 - MSS Oaer S065) 39602. 3960) - 32/536 = Wi, 8° LO.0 39.9. 39.8 26.77 31.82 MUS. SPAS SCO) Sk sxeO1 sh ey/ - NOS: HOST Hosa Those. 30 5h7 = ES icOMwo el) SieO) ee iseek2 = hove: Hose. Nose vos 260 = MOMS tecrises! She0) Seon “ol.98 co loco hose! hos?) ihos6 066 = ORAS Siiell tales Oise) 1 1de000 - eae aor uas0 ATs - ZOMMSTeLN aaiicOn iia eaiiohs USleg bl aL eur Faia Walsall ei eo) 65 = Pl Soo SMider Boo sifal/ 093 - nhs) rakes} ss} alae AGS) - PD SiO S62 Sti55° sivah 82 - Nakeihey Unlsess)habes\s hile Wn suls(® 2BMBOLOl Sikede Ste Oe Siheo. . 1395 = lal Naor i071, 3958 .78 a 2) 38.0 38.0 38.0 38.0 32,11 & ARON VOZOE HORSE WhOson Sure7a! - De Sao sos) Silas) sivas Tsilass) - esse dhalss}s [hakal labeahs Bene) - COME iis Oise wikeceoiee. leg 8 - neesy halal jal ah labels s\o)aXs) = Op Bs SO. Sls Se = 31.93 ORO a elie lide oy ite 265775) = Coma ioe 3060) 3060) S069). eB kere 4 gs) dibasic Sia ketes rales astolsisul = BS) Sas shies Besos SVE2 9 ei sok nb ee cin salaries sul aietl SOM Gho - 3680) 3820 38.0 Oo IMB Gees Oeen, Soe) | Sec 31.90 = Neel BIO) Seo) SOO swe sul Beno LS OMSHOS CRUSOE HOSC Ho eate, 73.03 19) O1 CHESAPEAKE LIGHTSHIP jo] i) Ke} te a7 F OND ON NDNFWNEH Temperature OF ee (@) —-H ~ ONNIL Oe ESNet SS SS ae ANAANALW Wn ° e e ° ERREE EEE DODONSENMNOH Mow SEE e WWW w e e March oe ae os \O 10 FE DO 100 # 43.0 oe ° Sees ss Se e e Mmm\nSO @~ON@EH‘OO GD SO MO~AOW OM -¥ PPEEEEESEER e oe = Ww e 3 Table li (cont'd) 36°58'07"N, 75°,2 102", 1956 Salinity °/oo 36 Depth of water - 65 feet April Temperature OF f raged ee OW e SIS Eat e Salinity °/oo oO! 32.06 26.1h 28.59 29.15 29.04 2.80 27.67 S05 21/ 31,22 31.535 31.25 31.25 Sire 28.10 275: 27.08 27..C8 27.2h OT S20 28.15 29.28 26.97 28.93 28,89 30.92 29.72 29.13 27.15 255 2.39 28,56 65! 31.00 Table 1h (cont'd) CHESAPEAKE LIGHTSHIP 36°58'07"N, 75°)2'02"W, Depth of water - 65 feet 1956 oy June Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Davee! MS0t iso e5. On Os! O) 00 5 Bol esr = Wl 65! 1, S250. ss2 nse hse aoe) = Gone S54 Shawl Singh heey = See Sees. linc Le.O si splsonl OSA Soak Bina hal 62s) - BES On(eialines WiHOmol Hows 629/533 - So Sigg Sie shal ercon = e522 3eoG.0) lined Ln sO - - 65.0 Su.2 Su.O 5.0 28.60 S Bese.) SESS) iyo 79 30621 = 66.7 Sue9 She9 5Su.8 28,85 - 6 52.9 9.7 7.8 47.8 29.59 =, 65.1 55.) 55.0 55.0 30.30 31. ,.82 SOM SOco) SOs3 50ce 30559 = nike) (Peak Ss) Ss) Zornes) - S5025 S055 5053 50.2 63 - OE) ESS Bids S565 28555) - 9 52.2 52.2 50. as 30539 30,82 65.0 63a! 58.2 5725 29.8) ot 10 56. S = 26,02 = 6b, GOc9 S58e3) Sona) 29787, - MOM iOmon MO ae hea 2707, - 66.8 59.0 56.6 56.6 30.0 = N2ISOLOPESOLO U.S uo.2 27/508 2 69. 2 = =) 3063) - OWE eOW S23) S63 Sse 9 (2ii5 = 69.1 64h 55.8 55.4 28.45 28.16 1) 61.0 51.5 9.2 h9.2 28.93 2 (Bay) 58.2 5oel 55.1 26.67 ee ALS) ESA, SehyonusOo¢ (Gogh shlesi/ - Tso) Oss S8uer Gsigh Lonlo - 6We5o.5 = S163 50.9) 50.9 SBS Silas) 6853 S61 SleS Sho 25.550 = ee oSe te Sle Slea = ly aL eS - Tele, S5eal s8iq35) Sslss) 2a 72 - WG SO) Sig Ghheal Ghazal sio\ssio) = 68.9 68.9 59.9 59.0 23.0) - 19 58.0 Sh 9 Shel Sue 30.19 = 68.8 68.9 59.8 59.0 30.23 _ 2055 56.0) 55.9 53.08 3 29.67 - Sal Gra GSMs Gos sWOs25 > sas) Ol Eos) Gel Sslok Seal eleissy/ - 1Oe5 16602) Oliedl 161826536 ' - iss) G58) Gn Gabe Cseee OBimoleON S2o2qn5159) Ino VeloT SLSO Hee nObs Se bow nDOeon 2s ele Ah SI Boas) Ssis2 SBR Acs - (3eO N6lics) SEs (56.1 25e6 a Wan 67.25 56.3 56.2 2h. 52 =r (Sas Sx) Soe Shah e276 PTMOOe 5H 532) 15269 5258 27695 - (ES Cos “S56 Soab- Ghsns Ww ne) Ww jo) (35 Be SSely 4555.0) 229/209 5 (ae ser Seah line 22a BOM 58.00 55.0) 536595365" 29.78 320 73.8 70.5 56.1 55.9 28.92 BiNGOesi) Soe | 5259) 5259" 228,39 - Mean 56.51 52e5 gol On 50.08) e610) 36 6957 62.0 56.5 56.2 27.28 30.67 Sill Table 1) (cont'd) CHSSAPEAKE LIGHTSHIP 36° 58 TOFUN GS 75°h2 'o2™y, Dep th of water — 65 feet 1956 July August Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Day of 30! Sot 65! of 65! Ob 30> Sol 58 gue meer Le (0e3> (O0227@ 531-2 52c0. 290H3 - (el ©66.0 “5.6 = 29530 231/587 2 (53) 5768 56.1 55.8 2.15 td eS Oi, 2 59.0 = 30.56 = 3 19st 60,0" 56,6. 55.9 © 23.95 - (Set 6056 59.2 - Ol - h 78.8 64.2 54.8 - 23010: 22nd @) 79. Glee - - oll ~ BuM(Oel woGel 556s OOCON Eien - 1565 60s7 59.5 = = 30252 - 6. i5s> “Siet 55el 5550. 120503. = 754 = - = 29.20 - < Tl 75.0 56.0 BEG BSH 1/ 27.88 v4 (ost 72.4 69.7 64.1 26.88 =. 8 75.7 56.3 56.0 56.0 28.39 - 15.9 1369 - = ‘2feblt e29.16 9 66.2 She7 Shed Shey 29.16 = 1568 72.0 69.6 69.1 Paacal = JO%66.0 SiS Si <7 = (ee - - - 26,89 - 11 69.8 5h.6 53.2 53.2 30.08 32,66 76 = “ - 27,82. = 12 70.0 Sh.3 53.3 53.3 28.52 = 16 = as a 285 Ce 1S) Hees Sie 25350 8556 “Ape - 76. - - = 627.585 - 1h 65.3 She8 Shel Sul 30.16 = ileeO (ileal 67.6 ‘a 31.95 an HUST Soe acy LANG s/s ey ee cis TisO 13s 65.6 1= 27,69 aeeealt 16 71.h 53.6 SB 53.0 Cleo = 78.0 73.6 66.0 a F22 - a7, Oeil EBe0 53.8 53.8 Bila sy2 od (el OST 66.9 6565 258 om ES F70.0 -bde0 esses. oses 3050 aoeeta (9a W703 6523 - 358 - 19 220 55.0 5.6 sued 28.85 = 79.0 Theol = — 27.19 = CON 35 5e sooet eos gO) 20.76 - iMak “08.0 622); SC) 2 = ab (ie - - - 2,00 - Tiel 66.9 (63-0) 6236.7" 22) age 22° 70,3. 'Si.0 Stee Slee 2058 - 15eo- Teeo" Ose = 29.75. . 31,09 23, (led, 5500 S59 Slo 28549 ae 7osl 72.1 = - 30,08 - OW (3a 55.0 54e0 SB 929,09 - 1529 Veale 7.0" 0.9 “20.56 - 25 (28 5u.8 ch.8 8 28,86 32,81 (5.3! 125A) — as 30.5 oe 26 The 54.3 54.0 Sh.1 293k - 75.0 - = - 228 - A 30d) S560 556 ob. 20,905 = 750 WieOmOl.os = ooh hg c= 20, (669 559.6. 5052" 50,0 530.09 - 76.0 - - - - - 29 76.8 62.0 58.5 58. 206 = 76.0 67.0 61.8 a 039 30.28 30 79.0 69.2 - - 005 0~=C- 76.0 - - - o2( = 3L 76.8 66.8 58.2 - 30,19 <= 75.5 = - - 30.30 - Mean 73.2 57.4 5.8 54.5 28,18 32.66 76.2 69.4 61.7 = 229,07 Ponte CHESAPEAKE LIGHTSHIP w Oo is = Le © Fwnp OD OANDNYU Temperature °F 72,0 30! 71.3 September (oe 65) Table 14 (cont'd) 36°58'07"N. 75°) 2 192NW, 1956 Salinity °/oo 0! 27.42 275 Ogee 27.38 27 48 ZU GSS Olas) 27.48 27 h7 27.38 27239 29.69 27 ou 30.72 31.26 31.25 31.2h 31.2h Bile20 31.08 31.09 susie 31.08 Siloeal 31.19 31.9 31.52 31.50 31.51 31.51 29.69 27 lib 29.50 31,08 29.90 Depth of water - 65 feet October Temperature OF 626 65.0 68 62 —J Salinity °/oo 65! 30.56 CHESAPEAKE LIGHTSHIP [S| @ ay OO ONKDNEWNEH lad Tenperature oF Qo! B18) 58 ine) Table 1) (cont'd) 36°58 '07"N, 75°)2102"W, November On (S) Salinity °/o0 TOU ee et 1956 65" Ce ea he tt teen 1 100 Temperature °F WAU SOtn Wr pe Sloe ° NOPE PERES e ® @ © @ @ eo @ @ WAWIW Ww Depth of water - 65 feet WL WV WU as Vine Ean OWMno-7 oro BY BEE e e MNO Mw Ww £- 1 CD CO NNO WNW Bo SEES SpyNS Ww om! r) Oo December WLU WL e@ © © © @ te © © @ HFOAWnw SO WSO SI WULYT WL (o>) Wonwr £1. Go 53.9 Salinity °/oo oO! 65! Diamond Shoals Lightship Temperature and salinity fluctuations from day to day are extreme 2% this location, owing to the fact that the western edge of the Florida Current tends to creep in over the shelf at this point, Meanders in the current sweep toand fro across the position of the lightship. One-third monthly means of surface temperature indicate that temperatures were lower during the first four months of the vear than for the period 1923-56 except for the mid- and last-thirds .f February. Autum temperatures were also below the record mean, In ovher words coastal water tended to extend out across Diamond Shoals during the winter, early spring and autumn to a broader extent than indicated by the averaze for the period of record for these periods durin=s the year. Due to the large range in temperature changes, the depth- time profile of temperature is drawn with five desree isotherms, rather than one degree isotherms as in the other figures, This ficure may be very misleading, however, because the sequence of encroachments of warm saline water sweep in and out again with great rapidity, Further, the penetrations of warm water may occur at the surface, mid-depth or bot- tom, Averaging the data for ten days at the other stations simplifies the presentation without severely hiding the significant facts, but may do so at this location, The reader, if interested in the phenomena at Diamond Shoals would do well to draw his own plot from the tabulated daily data, Surface temperatures ranzed from lO - 85°F, bottom tempera- tures from 2 to 79°F, Surface salinity ranged from 29.6°/oo to 36.3°/oo and bottom salinity from 32.6°/o0 to 36.°/o00. 101 8 we ° = pre) 2 pres [em 2 no ._,_BQETOM $%o / SURFACE S%o °%* ALINTWS iagram, mean for (Dashed line in upper Diamond Shoals Lightship, 1956, period 1923-1956) Figure 16. 102 Table 15 DEAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHTP 35°05'30"N. 75°919130"w, Depth of water - 200 feet December, 1955 Temperature OF Salinity °/o0 Depth Day 0! 30! 50' 100' 150! 200! QO! 200! De aC elen Cm eee Ol HORS) F6GRG 36.27 = 2 FOo2 (Ose2 Woe Gar Gels) 9 sie 230 = Coe (tec e(Ceu eeiOeG eOOLO Oiee eilal = Ie bh Snags) 37260 Os aah “Osho 218 4 5 69.6 69 7 69.7 69.3 66.8 66.5 36.29 = O Soe Mod ASl5e “sn MSA KS 35.0 = 7 6082 “GOL2” °COK2” GSO SA Gray 83259 - 3B Boe BI52 Bielash SOAS) Giese = (eisy48) S309) Siacoh OO Mitee Me itee: Oilee Aitee wilGsl <66¢2 36.06 o HOM eOccn Ose oes fOon (5.9 “1569 sila, = dal 7501 (Scab Tal TORS) a3} (alee: eh, nad Ae Weal (sail (Bo 72.8 /aleaS) 70.0 36.19 3.6" Ses Was isso Soc | oc7 B2e09 - D1 Sie SU Sie iO) ah B2.9H - 12 i * dO Oe ee mh ie 32,09 35.25) 18° dae la sO ie, lies eeely - o.9 B60 = We U2 Gee 8 NA eso BAG 32. 8h - 15 li3.2 h2.9 43.0 2.9 43.0 3.0 33516 = 17 10.8 ho eal 1 69 eal Sielk 13.3 SUAS = 1B. esd Ho o> Caligo* ies ee Serra sisal BO Ge) B62: NBL) Ce s2 = iets a hoe 33.06 20 ho,8 hO.7 Irae} 13.4 Nt W365 31.92 =. Qu, HisGe lS Wo eG. hes” * hg 32, 52 - O2 “heed Phe. 2,2. Wess) wie. or) less 32.88 - 23 : “ 2 = = e = ES 2h, e 7 2 - 3 - E e 25 Bee) 39.8 39.9 Wh .9 SSP 55.2 31.55 = 26° 69.0. 69.0 ~69.0. “6652 ~6351° “61,0 36.20 s 27 Ieligln U3. N89" 52.8 55.2 #5349 32,02.) 3309" 28. “NO.7 “hOse “lise “Ue.8 © i7s8 56.0 B2ect - 29 39.1 ho.2 2.9 57 aL ST eG 57.8 B22 =. 30° -GhEO* . Gli.) “GH.7 “Oligs = 6860 - 63:53 B55 (5 = BIL) “Glee. ©6122 “Glee. “Glas. Ol. Give Sess) - Mean Mfee 7 gos Ny s8 HESS. ho lig gs 32699 soeos 104 DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05!30"N, 75°19 '!30"W, =) O90 OAAMNEWNHH FORE Table 15 (cont'd) February, 1956 Temperature OF Asay HEAQ OA Oo CO ON ONO RF @ © ® @ @ e OO = Ov OHMNE WANA e a4 ~ BR Ee $$ © @ @ Or OV S Oo HPWnOF or HPannrnao~athH oro HPRrOnNa- Bh Ov f= °° Ww 150! 62.7 60.2 62.9 57.8 5601 5609 61.6 62.3 65.1 6.07 5567 61.8 5265 6567 65.1 67.0 66.7 67.2 66.l4 65.7 65.7 65.6 70,1 66.7 62.0 63.0 66.8 61,1 63.0 e MO °° §e® © e@ @ @ BR PARRA RAKKRIAS Oa ONFOrFWN WOW anoe 63.1 Depth of water - 200 feet Salinity °/oo QC! 36.25 36.72 3h..39 32.31 36.16 33 als 36.12 31.64 35075 36.35 31.63 30.95 30.80 30.53 35.16 See 35.97 36.32 35.10 31,05 36.25 36.35 36.05 33.39 34.31 3h, 89 36.30 3.20 3.30 200! 35.70 36.2 36.40 bs ti ah t 35.85 Table 15 (cont'd) DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N, 75°19!30"W, Depth of water - 200 feet March 1956 Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Day 0! 30! 5o' 100" 150 200! 0! 200! 1 58.2 S9sSic 161.2 65.2 67k, Glow 3h.08 36.2) 2 68.8 68.8 69.0 68.9 67.0 66.0 36.45 - 3 68.3 68.2 67.8 67.6 60.2 60.0 36 ohh - h 60.9 60.8 61.0 62.7 60.5 57.0 35.88 - 5 62,2 6569 66.0 65-7 65.8 58.2 35.71 =. 6 68.0 67.0 65.0 64.0 63.9 63.5 36.26 35.89 7 59.8 60.0 63.9 63.0 64.9 65.0 33.60 e 8. 962.5. 62.%.160.8 2656 - = 35.16 = 9 62.0 61.9 61.8 60.3 60.9 = 35. = 10 63.2 63.0°. 63.1 6158 - 63.8 63.0 35.56 = V1 60.2 60.2 6053 60:6 62.8 6232 35.09 = 12 58.5 58.5 58.6 58.7 —. e 3.81 oad 13 59.8 59.6 59.6 59.6 59.7 59.8 35,12 - 35632 1, 60.5 60.3 60.3 60.8 60.8 m 3.75 15 58.5 58.5 58.9 59.1 59.9 61,0 3.31 =. 16 53.5. 53.5.-°53.5 53.8 = - B3.02 2 17 - - - - - = - - 18> 19.7 L9diar51c3. Ses Sisk . 5360 32.53 - 19 19.3 bo.l- 9.7 S13 5u.5 60,0 32.0 2 20° N75. Urls Wick 7k Ch7.8 hg.0 32.36 5 21 h7.0 l6eh h6sk 656 7.8 - Bye: 22 S.3 5.h 46.3 53.8 58.3 56,8 31616. ~ 3,01 23 7.0 46.8 48. 59.8 59.5 60.0 30.78 - 2h 6.5 - = - - - 31.526 - 25 lO.L NG.d. “9.5 +5056 62.5 56.1 32,10 = 26 6.5 9.0 52.2 57-3 61.5 62.0 31.05 - 27 43.8 hhe2 3. 8 43.3 6.1 3.5 31.86 ad 28 60.6 5967 56h 61.2 63.5 63.9 3.65 es 29 68.0 68.0 66.7 66.8 65.6 65.5 36655) S057 106 Table 15 (cont'd) DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N. 75°19130"W, Depth of water - 200 feet April 1956 Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Depth te 0! 30! 5o' 100' 150' 200! 0! 200! 1 66.2 66.0 66.2 64.2 63.5 63.3 = a 2 Res Coe Cie Giek Gs) Geni 36.1) 35.67 3 68,3 68.6 68.3 65.7 65.2 651 36.20 = Ih Bie BES ils Ba) eighth 32.21 ui 5 60.0 579 58.2 65.2 65.1 = 33.51 = S B52 Gisas) MM telialsle = (Soi 67.2 64.8 32.80 - {/ 60.1 59.7 59.9 65.9 6662 64.5 33.8 = Si52.9) " Sze S5.e 57.69 60.9 é6lico 32.28 S 9 Biol) Glas) Cn) ales bah) a eihgh SBIGef S515 OMSeoF 100s» 6062 —O069 TOT.l ©6750 33.50 ~ iL eee VSIA MGSO aly Voila) aetine(e) 34.19 - 12 - - - - - - = = 13 SORT UTonuteun lites 47.8 7.8 31.69 = Diesen Wesel tes) Liter 56.0 57.0 30,11 = a 70.7 70.7 70.4 71.1 69.3 68.9 36.05 - al eS Pe S * = a = a 17 - = - = - - - = MOOS 2") Gee OmnOuG 4 NOG. VOlee l6Tee 34.31 36,01 19 70. 70.1 69 9 68.1 6709 67.9 36.43 = 20, 7066 705780 70.6 69-51 67.3 6562 36.58 = Ziel CME Ole onOl els tocetN (62K0)) O5e2 3h.60 = 22 = - - = = - = = ZOOM LOleluEnOTes Ollee) wots) LOtee 35.54 36.25 Chee O9eo) SOF elim G93 69.0) 67.9) O75 36.28 = 25 691 69 3 693 67.69 6709 67 elk 36.33 = Zope Ola Oo OMmOOS9! (OleO) O6el) = 6Oe2 36.30 = 27 69.8 68,8 68.7 67-1 6563 614.0 36.31 = 2OmNOOs2ae Obletnerm OO.) (67.9 | 65.9)) (6329 33.25 = 29 68.3 68. 68.1 67 9 65.2 64,8 36,29 . BOM MOM ea UOOLOO9.0O! TOG.Ni) 63c2) 63.0 B3657 36.19 31 Moan 631 963231 OU.0' 65.2 Gli? ~ 62.0 34.45 35.97 107 Taole 15 (cont'd) DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N, 75°19'30"W, Depth of water 200 feet May 1956 Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth SE of 30! So" 100' 150' 200! 0' 200! 1 69,0 69.9 69.2 “66.6 “66.5 °63.h 35626 - 2 72.020 (la. (0.9 | dOGet.. 00,2, ZoGed 36.33 - 3 68.0. -70%9.. 70.2 #6953" 56755 266s) 33.3 - Me Sil 6268 266.2 67.0 “67.0 65.1 30.71 - 5 63.1 6.1 63.6 Boo 63.7 67.0 960 = 6 6h.9 - - - - - 31,30 - i 57.0 53.8 ad 65.9 6642 64.0 Syl ste) ” ne : : : = : ns ae 10 60.0 = 63.4 ~/060" N67.3 - 566.6 30.95 = iat 58.8 OteD Boat 68.6 65.0 63.1 Syl ak ae 12. 625¢ P5( eS SOs 50.5 6357 - 31.26 - E38 1 60s2" 6340, 76040) 6067 767.9 67,0 31.61 - 1h 64.5 6.2 63.4 68.2 6769 bead 31,82 36.00 15 65.67 6567 Glo? 64.8 Ghee Glee ects a 160 (2055 (Seo 115-08 0.0 60.3) 00.3 35.56 - Tf) 76.5 “76st. “(Ose Th.0) 70.9“ G8.2 Blopual ~ VS (5560 | THsG a (isla 1050 "60s 6022 36.06 ~ 19 81,0" 8155 * 61.3. "7753 7036" "69<2 36.07 - 20 76.0 Wied Uiel 10.5 69.8 Ofee 36.07 = 2d: ile a dieras Wee 68.9 68.2 36.1 35.89 22 Thies Glee 76.3 7 9 68.0 Giek 36505. — 23 7500 15H ficral 72.0 66.5 65.2 35.69 a 2h - - = - - - - - 25° 78.7 = 78.9 - - - 36,10 - Zor) Bids Cue (ec ~ = - - 36.08 - 20 P15. 1552 V71Sele 16050 65,2. WGie8 36.27 - 208 ite - > - - - 36.14 36.31 2G 70 Tiss “iiss. willsO. MBs 7 0Ge 36615 - BO. ela. (lec, Teo “cet =e Ooo 36.08 - SE (B65, “(540 - Vigo. ¢ 06,0) yoreu 35.695 - Mean 69 9 Teli (OKT 69.0 67.6 66.3 ae2T 36.07 DIAMOND SHOAL LIGHTSHIP 35°95'30"N, 75°19 '30"W, © Ble OWOAKNNEWNH = 10 7720 Table 15 (cont'd) June 1956 Temperature OF 50! 100! IOS) Depth of water - 200 feet Salinity °/oo Oo! Table 15 (cont'd) DIAMOND SHOAL LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N, 75°19 '30"W, Depth of water - 200 feet July 1956 Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Day of 30! Sot 190' 150! 200! of 200! 1 (es Toe 78.5 (62 6555 639 35.79 bead Ce ied iver zee WU Oa Oleh cose] a0 - S: 79 oh (ere: 79.9 Tle? 10.3. 64.0 202 ma nM 80.5 19 7 79.6 (Ge (360 67.9 ook eas 5 80,5 80.0 eve, 76.6 7565 75.3 oD at 6 80.3 80.1 Cet 1963 7h.6 25 205 = To Wiese 16.0. 1628 ) 15.60. (eb W165 083 36.23 8 80.9 80.2 80,! TOe6 foe 1360 35,62 — Oe 1969 (968 C020" ST lols @ O8.7 660 36,02 = 10 «678.5 78.4 78.4 76.8 70.0 66.5 35.96 . 11 82.8 bis2 81.1 (Ge 78.4 70,0 92 =. 2 65.7 83.8 63.5 ted, 7:47 66.5 35575 = dg 7 Gl 51 005,952 O3.c18 (Ose 1 (Ocdan Bote 36,00 = 1 1869" se (Ge0" (TO, 7267 96369) i bee> 35.96 36.13 15) “1950 (ose [ee 5 (Oss Oo, ol. 35092 - HO” “he, ilelsal hes. Alteles -OOse eile 36.05 = 17 oe Wee 7609 65.8 61,9 59.0 35.90 =. HOD (Ogll tek a oe04. diesel: s "00ers oes? 89 = U9- 20059 80,05 277.0. West eMOlek mB oceo 2/9 = 20. /Ollgd £60.39 S76.6> ci2at s67ee. “Glice @ 82 = 2 7963 678.0 70,0. Gos0= %6253. 162.2 092 = 36.05 2a (all yaery 7729 (OPS: 62.9 60.4 262 a 23 7909. -_ 7906 78.3 66.9 63.9 61.0 010 - 2h 7904 76.1 62.9 61.4 60.1 59.9 8 - 25 78.9 ied leat 63.9 yal sy frye ell = 26 79.6 T7103 70.2 6261 60.1 ote il a Zt 19 9 Utec 71.6 622 59.63 © 282 on 28 80.1 78.7 7he8 51.3 00 «©6572 078 = 35.10 29 19 et 78.9 (ean 59.9 Ge) 57.20 92 bad 30 7669 76.7 T6t 62.7 58.6 52. Lf - 110 DIAMOND SHOALS. LIGHTSHIP © & PHERPHP i RRREGKRE Goonaneune [5 18 35°05!30"N. 75°19'30"W, Depth of water - 200 feet Temperature OF 100! 62.1 60.7 59 3 59 8 6.7 6h, 2 60.9 62.0 58.9 61.2 73.9 72.3 1062: 73.6 72.7 ieee 8.3 68.9 76.0 (ees 6503 69 9 69.6 78.9 7307 75.06 (fox (259) 19 9 69.0 Table 15 (cont'd) August 1956 150' 200! Bsiib Galyin GOsIse S785 Boel 5Oe5 Diet 5560 S19) Set 60.7 5.5 Oooh Syeeal 56.6 9.6 Diels D56D Ein) Sy25(0) Shed = 5525 61.9 52.0 Sh.0 53.9 67.1 Vel 59.6 60.0 On — Bo 6427, 5859 61.1 60.2 6562) 6157 66.9 61.6 Cejh Gil,2 er 59 sl 59.9 56.1 69.6 59.0 So) 9 05% 60.9 60.1 62.4 59.5 63.2 58,0 68.7 61,0 60s) Sie 111 Salinity °/oo 0! 200! 32.39 34.70 DIAMOND SHOAL LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N, 75°19'30 W, Depth of Water - 200 feet ™ iw] ky 9 f ct OMON AWE WM a 10 Table 15 (cont'd) September 1956 Tenperature OF 50' 80.5 83.7 61.9 80.0 82.3 7603 71.0 100! 80,1 80.5 75h 1861. 78.2 67.0 6262 7007 Salinity °/oo 33.30 200! 35.61 DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N, 75°19'30"W, Oo i) EE a OVO @ONNAWNEW pH BE §& Table 15 (cont Yel), October 1956 Tenperature OF 100! 68.2 TENS; Depth of water - 200 feet Salinity °/oo 0! 200! Table 15 (cont'd) DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N, 75°19'30"W, Depth of water - 200 feet November 1956 Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Bier Ot 301 50% roo 150i 200! Ov =200) % 66.0, 65.2 - 65.0 657 7h.0 76.0 Biri! = 2 67.0 S60? wOlee » Ges T3R7° 7589 31 7 - 3708.5 6952 875.50) 7Se2. Tirso. 19.2 32.7 = O51 65.2 505.0) 60.05 115.08 w ited 3103 > BOec! 5 63.9 63 9 63.8 66.5 (300 52) 022 =. 6 63.8 63.5 63.3 63.4 62.8 69.0 036 = 1 6h. - - - - - Ble e2 - 8 63.0 75.8 77.0 Ti68 alee 76.0 30.92 a 9 = “ - = = a = = LO =6li0 165.3 67316 1362 1368") aed 32.22. - 36,01 1 10550. 76s oe host» 910s ul os (meee 30.92 - ale - = = = ~ = = = als! 70.2 70.3 70,8 2AM Tol 64.5 3h 6 ~ Tn) “68.2 6920 40.7 B7020" BA7R Geel 33,58 = 15 65.9 68.0 69.5 73.0 63.1 59.9 32.08 = 16 60,1 “160.75 6960) (5-0 10l,6) 59s 33.58 35.92 aN; 67.8 68.5 69.3 69.8 62.5 58.5 32 99 - 18 = = = = - = = = 19 676k = 6fel ©6763. “6950% 869.2) 6950 82505 - 20 -67, - - - - - Boal = Ol D6l(ee '“67e2* 60.b 975.9 let. Wle6 33.76 - 22 Takeae (AN) 71.0 74,9 71.0 > 3h. 87 head 23 (Oe 76.2 1661. 75.8 . T5eL - 36.21. - 2h 7h.0 7.0 7,0 7h.0 (GPS (a3 ol? 36.20 Ob Boe 5 Shoes eee aco. “icelee 0960 36.18 = 26, 630" “6ligh 265.6 "7150; 9 755 66.9 33.69 - 27 6.6 64.6 644.6 67.5 69.5 69.9 33,87 = 28 59.C 59.0 60.9 68.5 69,1 69.1 32.92 = 29 59.6 5967 62.1 66.3 69 9 64.8 32567 ol 30. ©6652 66.1 66.1 66,0° 65.9 57,0 Big0l we obece 31 Mean 66.7 6769 68.7 (£0 71.0 69 ol: 33,14 35.92 114 Table 15 (cont'd) DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°95130"N. 75°19'30"W, Depth of water - 200 feet December 1956 Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth fey Ore 230! Sonn LOOM VOL 200! Oe 200! MSS 3 orGOcd . Gl 2m tG2cO 6207 ) Ov Jo e °o i} Uset) che tig) BIER Sel Re BING One) = eB es 32,82 2OmEOUOnmI59 eG. Ofete OOson Olla8: — 162 Sas) CHAT eO te (ee Wee a (aed! “65.0. 62.9 - - COmAOOS OM OO CO i OCoONenObe2) NGOs1s, 6565 32,68 = CommmONCem BOlse: BEOVoSemnOOs5 NOlell 560.0 S612 z ZOO ON an59 69 SW 60e7 0 OfeGn. 66.9 33.09 - 25 58.2 58.1 58.9 62. 8 62 Atl 66.5 32 lt2 a 26 57.0 5728 58.0 58.3 63.0 - 31.91 ? eS OD OES ee Obese O20 16250 32.h0 = Mean 62.7 63.1 6h.0 6h. 63.6 62,8 33.8 (35.95) JES Frying Pan Shoals Lightship Surface temperatures tended to lag below the mean for the period of record (1947-1956) during the first half of the year except for mid-February, The latter two-thirds of November tended well be- low the mean and the latter two-thirds of December tended well above. Minimum temperatures of less than 59°F were observed in January, Maximum at the surface, ~reater than 81°F was reached in late August and early September, at the bottom, 81°F at the same time, The thermocline did not become‘as well developed at this location as it did north of Cape Hatteras, The maximum gradient, surface to bot- tom (70 feet) was never more than 9°F, The thermocline commenced de- velopment in late April, yet during the first-third of June the water column was again virtually isothermal, The strong thermocline during the latter part of July was apparently due to a transgression of colder water from offshore, The surface and bottom salinities seldom differed by more than 1°/oo and remained very close to 36°/oo except during November when the salinity of the whole water column dropped to about 32/00, This was coupled with a depression in the temperature of the-whole water column, followed by a return to higher salinity and temperature in December. It appears that two unusual phenomena were involved here at nearly the sane time. First there was a transgression of less sa- line water followed by colder than normal weather causing a depression in water temperatures, The extremely warm air temperatures enjoyed by the south eastern seaboard were reflected in the rise in water tempera- ture in December. It is difficult to believe that the depression in salinity throughout the whole water colwm was due to the off-shore movement of coastal water, as a relatively shailow volume of such water when mixed with a deeper, Larger volume in the proportions available would not pro- duce such a marked salinity depression, In consideration of the wind systems prevalent at the time, we suspect this to be a varcel of coastal water from north of Cape Hatteras carried southwesterly by a long period of predominantly northerly and northeasterly winds, The speed of move- ment of this parcel from Hatteras to the Lightship may have been on the order of 7 - 8 miles per day, This phenomenon has previously been postu- lated by Bumpus and Pierce (1955, pp. 95 and 96). 116 SURFACE T,°F = SURFACE S% ey ene ea BOTTOM S %o [oy O° io} ie) oO i o ‘ do‘ SYNLVYESGW3L 4334 NI Hidad a nm 2% *ALINITVS diagram, mean for ine in upper (Dashed 1 Frying Pan Shoals Lightship, 1956. d 197-1956) perio Figure 17. 117 FRYING PAN SHOALS LIGHTSHIP o oO re fey! Oo © OOANAWEwWrH [= 10 November Temperature OF ot 330" 5o0r e708 6328) O30 0360) 0560 Table 16 33°28'00"N, 77°33 '08"W, 1955 Salinity °/oo 0! 70! 35,88 35.85 Tenperature OF jo) SINIAINIAIAIAO AYWVWEWWOR e e@ e e s PONnrFOrFOW RR e ee @ e.°e PPR EAnNnwnanana Ww nr CAA ANCA Cay Cage p= ins Psu ON Wwro me aorFon eee @ @ 30% 62.2 67.6 73 1 7307 Thel 1335 73.6 Tool 7h. 6fee 68.8 64.7 62.5 60.3 7T0s2 63.6 66.7 69.1 66.2 66.3 72.6 70.7 71.7 70.3 68.3 64.7 65.5 66.5 60.1 61.0 631 68,0 Depth of water - 72 feet December 50! Salinity °/oo for oO! G22 35.00 66.9 36.27 7301 o2h 7307 2h 7.0 19 73.3 220 73.0 012 66.6 Palo) 66.3 07 67 et 206 65.9 020 64.6 oon 62.6 08 60.3 oid 60.9 old 63.6 seu 65.9 ADK 67.4 2h 66.2 026 66c8 28 68.3 eL0 70.5 16 (et 13 70.3 218 68.3 226 6h.7 19 65.5 2h 66.6 228 50.6 ou 60.9 033 62.0 026 66.7 36.19 10% FRYING PAN SHOALS LIGHTSHIP ON ONAN WNHH fk DE January Temperature OF Table 16 (cont'd) 33°28 '00"N, 1956 1233 Salinity °/oo 36.31 119 TO8"W, Depth of water - 72 feet February Temperature °F Salinity °/oo OF SoS Gio fo) 0! 70! 55.2 = és Se 35.05 035.0) bhie — ro — 36.1) ted oue5 ~ - i 36.65 = O5) - - - 35.83 - 65e2 = = Be OM - 676 - = - 030 mK 64.5 i cm Lad 20 —_ 65. = = - ollie) = 63. - = - ofl - 6he = - = 229 - 68. = S = 226 = 62. = = = e220) = Gil < = oS oni Ay 60. oe if aa 3.36 Sa 56. - - = 35,0h S55 7al 65. = = = eos = 63. - - - 035 - (3s - - - sah = 63. — —, oO e3lt a 65. - ~ = 36.35 Pit 60. - = =. 35.60 os 59.8 60.0 60.0 60.0 69 35,69 59.0 59.0 59.1 59.0 35.h2 - C253) 6250) G58 Cess Sigs a Ofo2 O62 Gloe2 Gla2 od - Gee) 240) Geo) .62aal 332 us ale? Glo? Goo Gilst 030 = G5 ley. Gist else oe = 59.2 59.3. Sey SOC 026 36.26 62.3 (61.7)(61,8)(61.8) 36.08 35,87 Table 16 (cont'd) FRYING PAN SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 33°28 '00"N, 77°33 '08"W, Depth of water -~ 72 feet 1956 March April Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Day 0! 30! 50! 70! 0! 70! oO! BO! 50! “on of 70! iL 57.20 56.8 56.8 56.8 35.96 = 622 64,1 64.0 63.9 36.eu C1 22 57.0 Sif oah 572 See = age 6667 66.2 66.1 66.1 9 a 3 59.2 58.8 58.6 58.6 36,22 - 66.6 66.6 66.5 66.5 ool. - 4 60.5 60.5 60.5 60.5 ea a 60.5 60.9 60.9 60.9 = ; 35,27 Br 50.0) 50,9 59.08 59.0 0 Te 64.0 64.0 64.0 64.0 36,00 - 6 60.7 60.) 60.3 - 220 = eo (ills) G2ae SPAS S555 as OO sS 60.5 60.58 6055 elline Boa 6310) NOS69: (63.95 163.9 | S0el2 = 8 62,8 62.8 62.9 62.9 36.29 - G2AS WEI O20 251 Aula) - 9 59.9 60.0 60.0 60.0 35.79 - 61.5 61.5 61.5 61.5 36.06 = 10 60.0 60.0 60.0 - 35.69 - 61.7 636 61.6 6156 35588 ns ila” Cah o) Cale) yee ey 3} 36.2h - 60.0 60.0 60.1 60.1 el 35,10 12 860s2.62.0 562.38 bes “SIE 50 2 60,1 “GO.2 160.2 60e2 56 = = O2c6 6255) 26223" 10285 Pye) 1h 64.2 64.2 64.2 6.2 Aol sions 63.0 62.8 62.9 62.9 masis} me 62 Ole aoe woe | eg 62,5 62,5° 62.5. 60,6 “.98 fe 16 60.7 60.1 59.5 59.0 35.16 O25 (Psa 25 Gea Pome - 17 59.9 60.0 60,0 60.0 ASS BEE 55 20 247 096 - GIS olen Glen oles 097 18 57.2 57.2 57. 60.0 .03 6252) 162 1 GP ek! 162e1: 82 35,98 eB 1.9 G19 610 Glo (coy ee PUNLOCe Oe. §O8a- Olen ole SOenL. Cle ow Ole, Fol Ole f ee 22 59st 5965. 5965 5055 202 - 61.5" 6155 61.5 .61.5 - = 23) “6003; “60.1. 60.10 160.1 01 6263. 62.3 62.3 62.3 67 “Ga oly, 26l%o:* Gles Ola Ole 209 BV6 . 6s9 Ol 9nd 290) meee o 25 59.8 59.9 59.9 60,0 malts, a 61.9 62.0 62.0 62.0 35.77 35%85 = 70.2 68.7 61.0 6265 36233 - = 69.8 67.9 67.5 67.4 Asiil 966162 61.2> 6lc2 6142 36.95 36.2) 66.9 66.8 66.8 66.8 eG 29 68.) 68.3 62,0 60.7 E22 = 6iie5 66660 6653) 166.5 | 36.116 = 30 64.8 64.9 64.9 64.9 28 - 66.8 (66.2 66.2 ~66.2 35.9) 31 62.01 62.0 62.0 62.0 e202 43 Mean 60.7 60.8 60.6 60.7 35.95 36,16 O36 63.2 6301 6330" 35.98 (35.02 FRYING PAN SHOALS LIGHTSHIP i} ) fan iar 5 E ODN OANNDUEWNPH = H 12 Temperature OF ON O ON e ‘N™NNNMO WIT OnW F- e e ~ OO ONS WON ‘0 OO SO Ww le ° oO oN ° WO oc OOO wo) a= e ° e e fet Ow OAO-~ ; 00D 0W e e WN~nNMrHO \SL Oy OY an e f=) 68.9 May Table 16 (cont'd) 33°28 'CO"N, 77°33 '08"W, 1956 Salinity °/oo 0! 70! 0! 36.07 - iLtewn 36.20 36.07 (Be olla! CS 75.5 Bal = (Sal 205 = lie 220 - 7h.9 36.06 = 7.8 35.23 =. filial 65) SSKO5 poe 36.13 - 76.6 Ally - Ge lO a CHEZ 203 - Rilke 36.16 = Wie 35.9h = 7709 ane Soak 78.0 266 = Miles 35683 - ihere Boeul2 - 76.0 BONS) - (los) S505 = Tile 36.22 = 78.0 oh 35.92 nod 206 = itis ea) = 78. 200 = 79.0 ols} = 79.3 36.16 = (53) 35. 86 - Wes 36.0) 35.91 76.9 San 30! 7602 Temperature OF June Depth of water - 72 feet Salinity °/oo 36.00 Table 16 (cont'd) FRYING PAN SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 33°28100"N, 77°33 '08"W, Depth of water - 72 feet 1956 July August Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Day Of 30! Sot 7ot of 7oO! of 30! Sot 7o' of 70! 79.8 79 3 75.2 The5 3h ub oe 80.0 132 69.8 69.9 35.90 36.18 G2," Osi Toon Goeei seg o - - - - - 82 = G069F 8051s [56927360 Sb: 10 - 80.6 80.1 75.5 72.9 35.76 - 80.7 80 5 75.9 (So) ral shy als} 79.8 78.3 The2 7.0 36,12 haat - alls Wes 19508 (uslaioee LO - Si. = =. ot6 ites, Tho ies ileow, 226 oo 78.1 78,0 78.0 78.0 36,11 ODO ON DWE WNE- foe) Co Se) # e e i te i] t t e Ww On ea a et | —s] loo) e \O (8.8 76.7 76.1° 35.99 736.08 80. = = = 036 19 9 (Se 739 73.8 36.90 oho sl 19 6 — xd = 35.28 79 8 76.4 Owl 76.0 3 i sly) tétoy = - ~ 36.08 36,05 1259 “UE WS5t scl! ell - 12 80.7 (Fel) Fie 76.6 35.52 * 1969 (8.8) Ti 75.0 elk - 13 «80. - - - ‘ ~ HA Bone Wie Wal 212 = 1h 80. = = = 35. 8h ined 80.8 80.3 Wieo 76.0 oO ~ IS 78.2 77.0) PteSe 7a0s 36506 ai 81.1 60.0 78.3 75.9 36,00 36:18 Ie Wish “Wess (Sse else Ae) S 60.6 80.3) (6.0 76.0 202 - al, 80. = — ° ™. 82.0 80.9 77 olt TT elt ole eet 18 196 = ‘aes . ANG: - 81.9 80,8 78.1 hile? 209 _— 19 80, =< z i 36.1) = 80.2 80.1 80.0 79.9 019 S Qo CoA ss? (es eae Senos - GL.5. "79 e2 (FeO. lel, 30,01 - 21 80, m = = 286 = 80.8 80.2 76.3 76.2 35.78 im 22) (8s (009 1560 e 35.93 - (Gel elOel ioe: - 36.07 36.00 23 80.55 79.9 7h.9 73.7 36.08 = 78.9 79.0 79.0 79.0 2 = aly “OL.d 7943 72s9 72.5 200 = oils esi ei SIO)» slosh - 25 80.6 80.5 7126 fAeA6) 202 = Bre: 82.3 80.8 = 35.88 C1 26 81.1 81.0 80.6 = 208 a 83.0 82,9 80,2 = aon - 21. 80.9 79.9 72.9 70.5” 36.06 - 83.9 83.8 83.1 83,1 AGH - 207 8ieh. 73.9 74.0° 70.9% 35262 = selg2 teal wah be aal 095 - 29 79. - = - 293 = Gael 826C= 62075 s Olle OL 35.66 30 80.9 79.7 73.0 - 092 - 61.9 8155 “7959 79.65 35.95 - 31 80.0 - = = 35.95 - - - = a soil = Mear' 80.2 79.0 7h.6 73.0 35.70 80.7 7956 77682 77.0" 36.0L, 36502 122 Table 16 (cmt'd) FRYING PAN SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 33°28 '00"N, 77°33 '08"W, Depth of water - 72 feet 1956 September October Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Day Qo! 30! 50! 70! QO! 70! (on 30! So! 70! 0! 70! MeeOlee. Oley Slot, Old | 36.07 - ss = - = Sas - 2p ols0 809 8058 80.7 50) - Wed MG Clete Uilient 9h - Bole) Glls0) G10) “8ilc0 Shi = (at Wes aisey Gals) 678 «34.28 h 81.8 81.4 81.3 8ils2 LO = (55 78.4 78.3 78.3 ot = Semele Olliedy 'Oileds | GOL9 Se SYoqonl Teal “Wsash ysis geist 80 = 6 81.3 81.3 81.0 81.0 olZ w 78.h 78. 78. 78. 280 i u 81.2 81.0 60.9 8059 02 > 779 eat ileo 7726 Aieil => 8 81.5 81.5 81.5 - eL0 _ 77 as (as! Cos 293 — 9 - - - - 36.08 - Teas Mah. Wes iss we - 10 80.6 80.6 80.6 80.9 >= = ahele iliee ilies ce ASAL 35.90 ami 19.7 79.8 79.8 79.8 36.09 od 760 76.4 76h 76. 35.98 od 28051 80,0" 80.0) 79.9 202 36,00 (509 (16.0 75292 76.0) 36.09 - LORE Ae CeO - 203 - (58 7Sobe (S67 Bat -L0 - 1h 80.4) 80.1 80.0 80.0 ALO/ = 76.1 76.0 76.0 76.0 O07 — 15 80.5 80.4 80.5 80.4 Ok - Utes) WSS TSE, ALO 205 - 16 79,0 78.8 78.8 78.8 sus) eS (sh WES Was WBS Soe iS I 20) WSO (LO. Oa oli - TSE “Wes WSS Wide Seas) Ss o60% 18 78.8 78.7 78.7 — ~18 = 78.1 78.0 etl: 78.0 99 =. 19 78.5 78.5 78.6 78.6 Als} 36,38 (ae alee Tez Halo 296 — 2) TO. Wea AS 7S 218 - 03 WhoB Bah 7350 62 - 76.0 f568 (505 75.0 209 =. (ast (eh eal Yodo 80 - Os) Fda el aa mee Tee iGen Got Wor Woe aie 2 an (O60. WHO Wo “So seals) 5 (ag YRS Vos Woh) (ase S522 25 “GSN2) Ee YWehsh soe Sis-o)h - 7509 1509 75.9 75.9 9h 26) 78.6) 18e52 7825s 78.5 087 635.86 UBS Bess) Bah” "eek 69 = TD) T2aGs 1269) Tee9 82 = As “Pea eS Wiles) Woe 468} The 2 = oN, CO) He? SIR Wao. oo SerCHe (Boh Walk, Wes WAS. shes 30 Wiles alee’ os Win 36.13 c (255 Sie Biol: 73.1 oO, co 31 (do) Taal eos) ess sie sth Meant (Qe Onio eee D if oe>) 30-01) 30600 (602 (S82 Tece Weoy S5572 sons) 123 FRYING PAN SHOALS LIGHTSHIP og a Ke) me Dy Bi H OND ON ANEW PNP | ae 0! Table 16 (cont'd) 33°28 '00"N, 77°33 '08"w, November Temperature OF 30! ies (ean 72.8 (as: 72.9 71.9 VES) (abaal 68.4 69.0 69 3 68.2 67.6 68.0 68.6 69.2 68.8 68,3 68.6 68,8 65,8 66.6 62,8 67.2 67.2 6302 6.1 63.6 68.6 50! YININANIA ANN EPrmoHPwWrm mm e °e NM DOU OND 70! 1226 erat 72.9 (eat (Bee (pie, (ee? (AZ2 6965 69.0 70,0 68.0 69.0 69 3 69.0 68.3 68.7 68,8 65.8 6765 65.1 67.5 672 6.69 641 63.6 69.1 1956 Salinity °/oo 0! 3803 33.85 3.62 33.96 3.59 35. 0h 3.53 3.3 33.08 33.64 Be3 33.54 B3ebi 33510 380 3.05 34.60 33.10 3h,01 BB592 3h. 5h 3h.62 33.72 33.25 32.66 33.30 35,11 33.36 3h. 2h 3h 41 33.98 34.20 124 Temperature OF Depth of water - 72 feet December 50! 63.8 63.8 6.2 67.1 66.6 66.6 66.0 70.6 73 04 6/25 68.6 69.0 (B62 68.0 69.4 69.5 70.5 72.9 7301 1562 74.8 732 1220 (5 65,2 6L.8 65.8 62.4 63.1 68.6 70! 63.8 63.8 6.2 6f-el: 66.4 66.5 66.0 7B. 67eL 68.5 69.0 Tee 67.9 69 4 69.5 70.5 12.9 7301 7502 71.8 (Se 71.8 alee 65.2 6.8 65.8 62.4 epee 68.2 Salintiy °/oo 35.9h 35.99 Savannah lightship Surface water temperatures at Savannah Lichtship exhibited little departure from the mean for the neriod of record except for a warm March, slow April, cold last two-thirds of November and warm De- cember « Minimum temperatures of approximately ),8°F apparently occurred in January (Observations did not start at this station wntil 18 January) and reached a maximum at the surface of less than 85°F in mid-Aucust, and a maximum at the bottom of 8)°F at the same time, The water was nearly isothermal at this shallow station throughout the year, seldom having a gradient, surface to bottom (8 feet) of sreater than 2°F, ceptions occurred in May when the surface warmed up temporarily ahead of the underlying water, EX- The surface salinity was depressed, March -~ June to 2nproxi- mately 3,°/oo, increased to 36°/oo in July, cradually declined to 35°/oo at year end. Bottom salinity was slightly creater than the surface salinity during the first half of the year, but was essentially identi- cal during the second half, 90; o ic} TEMPERATURE , °F N sc | SURFACE. T, °F ao o Saat DEPTH IN FEET T ow a = oo ou a (ee SALINITY Ficure 18, Savannah Lichtshin, 1956. (Dashed line in upper diasram, mean for period 197-1955) HZ 5 ca Gy es ct cs io) SS (ook Op Ren © hee DO on | fone) 4 Mahle 17 1a0le a es 32°56.5'N. 80°39.6'W, Depth of water - 72 feet 1956 Janu February Tewnerature °T Salinity °/oo Temperature °F Salinity °/oo 9 30! 48! 0! 8! (ok 30! 8! oO! 8! - - = - - 50.9 50.9 50.8 35.36 3 = = = - - 51.0) 50.8 950.0 Bo! - - = - - - 51,0 -51,0 51.0 -10 # — = Cs) - = 51.0 51.3 51.5 BOY, ‘agt — - a — =! 51.8 51.5 51,2 35.72 = = a - = - BO 51.5 Sle S095 935.89 ~- & - - - 52,0 52.0 51.9 33219 = - - - ~ - 5350 1 b2e3 es oo. te = - - s - - 52.8 52.6 52.5 3h.93 - - = - = = 52.0 52.0 52.7 285 - roa boa! — na = 52.8 52.7 52.5 Sel - - = - - 5370) e527 a oo, 38 - - - - - - 53.0 350) Bose eoleuo = ~ - - - - S50 5.0 53.7 33.03 3520) > - - - - Bys0 Sh.0 Slt 3.6L = - - = - - Sie ole me Ole eeoeeae - = - - - - 53.9 53.9 Sh.O 3h.h9 - pill 9.0 hh9 .0 3h.05 3.74 Sued 53.8 53.7 3.39 = inte) (Ne) 8.8 AS = E620 .55a7 55.4 33455 - LS Aa) - = 298 — 56.9 56.1 55.7 33.91 3.72 9.0 - me = 55.5 55.5 55.8 3h ..2 - 8.7 8.7 8.6 040 = B50 ole 560) Soero - 19.6 9. 49.2 34.99 35.20 Diop aes ie sey 2 Malle cal - bO.0 50.1. 0st S57 - Boece (569 = 5501 male = 49.6 50.8 51,3 asi = 56.0 56.9 55.0 220 = bO.L. “Ogi: “50.0 251 - 56.7 S6ni 5657 AIS - 50.3 5053 50.6 250) - 56.8 56.8 56.8 55 34.55 il al Si, 2 51.2 . 87 = S7.7 57.5 57.6 252 — lo 4 9.5 49.7 wal - Silty (Sieleee oye «50 - Slel 5060 50.9 69 35.6) ~ - - - - bigs leo Bled 69 = mn - = Bi50. 5369 “Sae6° Se Buege 125 Table 17 (cont'd) SAVANNAH LIGHTSHIP 31°56,5'N, 80°39.6'W. Depth of water - 72 feet 1956 March April Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Devth Day 0! 30' 8! o! 48! ot 30' \8' 1 48! MSOs) 5st Goel Sly Slieho rile eeg eo 59.5) 33571 Cee SEO S160) 3.28 = GOLG: GON Goee! 38550 - 33 S60) = =—6 33625 = 62.5 59.6 59.5 32.87 - DOSS) soto S755 33.58 = 6220) HEOL6 GOT! 220 34.07 Seo Su oiieS | Sikes 333 - 62.5 60.5 60.5 266 = © Soso Sy oly Src velsio)nal - 63148) 6029) 6029. 202 = 5935 57.8 57.5 32 ehh = 62%. 8) eGia3) G1 ke) 32523 ss 8 Sek Sess ESOP Seay sie Gye Geom ess) sehen - OME SOLOibOel SBels 33879 - Glee, iy tha? sili Sil - 10 Bidl53} 5063 58.3 33 96 2 61.6 61.6 61.6 33 a ale! 58.5 58.3 58.3 BS aia) + 61.5 C7} —s B39) 3h.48 12 59.0 59.0 59.0 91 nod 60.9 60.8 60.8 lie) = igeee59 0259.0) 59.0 8h ~ GAS eilak Gilalh 252 es Hy 59.8 = = Ae. SSIs ty 61.6 61.5 61.5 Pil - 15 61.0 60.3 60,3 229 = 62e0 AGQmn Gone 68 Es 16 60.5 60.5 60.5 aril - 61.8 61,8 61.9 3) sl\9 ah WH Ojai HORI opal Oy = 621s 162.28 1620S) 3ancl) 2 18 59.8 9.8 39.8 66 = C205 ‘Cela, spi sho? sheio NOMNGOs2, 60.52) 60.2 ene ee Bia (Sas) SSO) Shhh 20 1 Se) sal Beal »9 aa 62,8 63.0 63.0 Sia 52 ZS O63) 5665) SO.) SlCr slie6 (S257 S267 as Sihestal Zs 22 58.0 és = Sih aalie) és 62.9 62,8 62.8 = = 28) 5820 582.0 58.0: 3)1.00 z 61.0 a =ie3 3 05) - ClES Oe) MSOaee Seee) 38.08 P Ooi ie Cass Allis} - 25 58.0 58.0 57.9 3h.10 = CBige CSKC “Gsew bee oseiayn As Boe Stee) “Hs ssa = 635 6365 63.0 Shiels = 27 58.0 58.0 58.0 33.91 = 6.1 6.0 64.0 34.h8 - Ze tia Giejys! Bisigs) sisiqably sila elo) 64.9 64.2 64.2 33.92 = Cy Bee's - - 276 = 65.8 6h.2 = .O7 = 30 59.5 9.0 59.0 209 = 66e0) 65alh 65.0338 553 - Sil iain Ben Gepvh asi = = i = S Veen BSE SIGeN Gece seis} | syne) C257 C252 Cok 33,69 syho25 bi PR) ~“ Table 17 (cont'd) SAVANNAH LIGHTSHIP 32°56. SIN, 80°39.6'W. Depth of water - 72 feet 1956 May June Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Temperature °F Salinity ° /oo Depth Day O' 30! 8" ot 48! 0! Bor S12 0 We eaaloe al 69.1 66.3 66.2 32.59 34.15 THlas: 76.9 76,8 3h.14 Ss. BZ Ueell - =, yob.ce = 7728 Ws Tie -33.08 = 3 10-2 66.9 67.0 33.0) = icant lee hes BBO 7 eae le - - 3253. - 78.0 (7.0 Tf 3lined 3usek By MALS) aoit/cale tey/aal 68 - ies (METER Tes: Aca - 6 fOL9 250d )-6lee © 3250 - (led STi Thee = = 7 ie 67 4 67 ol 33.04 3.78 Whol 1.0 76.9 226 a 8 68.1 68.1 68.1 3h.42 = (oo 1120 wi t0 2 = Ou6/ ee 6162. Ohel oh 2 TOsOW (leo (tel Bu oi - 206850 6755 67.5 3.96 = Woe, 78.0" “77598 3a5ch = 1L 68.3 68.0 67.9 35.02 - 78.7 76.0 78.0 3hodl 3hs2n 12 69.1 68.7 68.6 34.9) - 70.0 “Te. l) 7G.) 3.20 os 1B) nk S697 6956. 3520 = 600 FUG.9 Tes? 638.0 Ui 70.8 “7O.d 870s 33,70" 3h. 52 COED Eee mil oe) 330 160. 73.1 Fle Jil 133.72 _ 80.7 79.6 79.5 206 DPT 2. 253) ps9 81 2 GIs e797 9 °79s00 35300 LG 7258. P7260" 77449 l9 - 82.5 80.0 80.0 32.53 3.08 19 = = = S - 81.0 80.8 80.6 33.2 = PONT SSO Pee. Meese vile - Boze 9 BO. BO 33.75 PITS ose: VSet s57. 3li.d2 80.5 80.2 80.0 3.03 - 2? The 738k. “32k Oh = 82.0 = = 33079 e 23° 7.8 Tih Tes 96 = B81 .h - = 33.82 - Cle 7663 Gf Seb" 11 5ea)- OoeTo = 82.0. 81,7 8157 3lk.03 S 25 752 159 (5.9 3.85 - 81.6 81.) S81. 3.23 3625 26x leo” eo Gisae eho s 82.0 81.6 81.6 33.62 ks oT 73-9. 78e7 1326), 79 3 = B17: . 60,6 661l5 Ghiee “we 28 75. 7h.0 7.0 e448 31.62 8l.5 Sigh sill 502 - 29 [502 Th elk Tel sO — 82.0 81.5 81.5 098 boa 30 7he5 73.9 73.7 34.40 = 82.3 82.0 82,0 3h.60 3S Mean 72.4 71.0 70.9 33.83 3h.uh 19.9 © 79.2 -79.2 33.89 3.20 Table 17 (cont'd) SAVANNAH LIGHTSHIP 31°56.5'N, 80°39.6'W, Depth of water - 72 feet 1956 July August Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Temperature OF Salinity °/oo Depth Msy 0' 30' et 8 48" 0! 30! 8 of Bt | tonal” (eto) Gfoaah shh teto) = GRO) al aB fehl) SYA c(als} a 2O2 ONMGleal) soles Sele) 35.23 Ssec Cle Cle OMmebeee = 3 Bilas “Gi Gish sisare = CARO nolo m Olas 70 = hh CieD isi Gils She's = Sailets}) tonsa tenets 50 ‘a S Cas Gh? Gil. Seah ES Bil2 605 Goss AGH zs E taal enlace) ehals 39 = CRG Ciba enkA) 167) 235s) noo 8280) eile) 35.99. is BlcOn Coc ae2a8 .62 = BE=G2 36) “62-1 8252 36.06 = 835) 16850) 8249 AW a 9 82.5 82.5 82,3 sal 36.61 828 28233) 82.3 ate e 1@ Geah