og surreere: z comsenvator ' pecan awrreer 2? pee bm eet a a * Z i *y = ta - d F< tere REINS BENT G LP PS AB IRE TS SESS ae Oat atagetoetinas merican Museum of Natural History The Official Guide LIBRARY OF THE American Museum ot Natural History American Museum of Natural History, New York in association with . Scala Publishers, London AMERICAN MUSEUM 6 NATURAL HISTORY 1) © 2001 American Museum of Natural History First published in 2001 by Scala Publishers Ltd Gloucester Mansions, 140a Shaftesbury Avenue, London WC2H 8HD ISBN 185759 264 6 All rights reserved No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the American Museum of Natural History and Scala Publishers Limited. This publication was organized at the American Museum of Natural History. Gary Zarr, Senior Vice President for Communications and Marketing Karen Miller, Director of Editorial Services Abby Sider and Devon Madison, Project Editors Designed by Roger Daniels Production: Scala Publishers Ltd Gloucester Mansions 140a Shaftesbury Avenue London WC2H 8HD Printed and bound in Hong Kong by HK Scanner Arts International Ltd Library of Congress Control Number: 2001130370 Title page illustration: The Orion Nebula. Rendering by Digital Galaxy Project, AMNH/San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC): Carter Emmart, Erik Wesselak, Jon Genetti, Dave Nadeau, Greg Johnson PHOTOGRAPH CREDITS Jackie Beckett/AMNH: 15 (top), 16 (bottom), 17 (top), 18 (with D. Finnin), 19 (top, with D. Finnin), 19 (bottom), 20 (with C. Chesek, D. Finnin), 21 (with D. Finnin), 22 (top), 25 (top, with D. Finnin), 30 (bottom, with D. Finnin), 31 (bottom, with D. Finnin), 32 (with C. Chesek), 34 (right, with D. Finnin), 35 (bottom), 44 (with C. Chesek), 45 (top), 46 (bottom), 47 (bottom), 50 (bottom), 51 (top, with D. Finnin, C. Chesek), 51 (bottom, with C. Chesek), 55 (top, with C. Chesek), 57 (bottom) Ingrid Buntschuh: 43 (bottom) Meg Carlough/AMNH: 56, 57 (top) Craig Chesek/AMNH: front cover, 10, 13 (with D. Finnin; see also back cover), 20 (with J. Beckett, D. Finnin), 22 (bottom), 31 (top), 32 (with J. Beckett), 33 (with D. Finnin), 38 (bottom), 42, 43 (top, with D. Finnin), 44 (with J. Beckett), 51 (top, with D. Finnin, J. Beckett), 51 (bottom, with J. Beckett), 53 (with D. Finnin), 55 (top, with J. Beckett) Fred Conrad: 17 (bottom right) Denis Finnin/AMNH: 9, 11, 13 (with C. Chesek; see also back cover), 16 (top), 18 (with J. Beckett), 19 (top, with J. Beckett), 20 (with J. Beckett, C. Chesek), 21 (with J. Beckett), 25 (top, with J. Beckett), 27 (top), 28, 30 (bottom, with J. Beckett), 31 (bottom, with J. Beckett), 33 (with C. Chesek), 34 (left; right, with J. Beckett), 36 (bottom), 37, 38 (top), 39 (left and right), 41, 43 (top, with C. Chesek), 45 (bottom), 46 (top), 47 (top), 49, 51 (top, with C. Chesek, J. Beckett), 52, 53 (with C. Chesek) Lynton Gardiner: 29 Roderick Mickens/AMNH: 4, 6, 40 Ken Regan/Camera 5: 25 (bottom), 30 (top) John Bigelow Taylor: 35 (top) Department of Library Services/AMNH Photo Studio: 7, 14, 15 (bottom), 17 (bottom left), 23, 24, 26, 27 (bottom), 36 (top), 50 (top), 54, 55 (bottom) Contents Letter from the President Introduction Fossil Halls Hall of Saurischian Dinosaurs Hall of Ornithischian Dinosaurs Hall of Primitive Mammals PAUL AND IRMA MILSTEIN Hall of Advanced Mammals Hall of Vertebrate Origins Mammal Halls Akeley Hall of African Mammals Hall of North American Mammals Hall of Asian Mammals Culture Halls Hall of Northwest Coast Indians Halls of Eastern Woodlands and Plains Indians Hall of African Peoples GARDNER D. STOUT Hail of Asian Peoples Hall of Mexico and Central America Hall of South American Peoples MARGARET MEAD Hall of Pacific Peoples FREDERICK PHINEAS & SANDRA PRIEST Rose Center for Earth and Space DOROTHY AND LEWIS B. CULLMAN Hall of the Universe Scales of the Universe HARRIET AND ROBERT HEILBRUNN Cosmic Pathway Hayden Planetarium DAVID S. AND RUTH L. GOTTESMAN Hall of Planet Earth ARTHUR ROSS Hall of Meteorites HARRY FRANK GUGGENHEIM Hall of Minerals MORGAN MEMORIAL Hall of Gems Hall of Human Biology and Evolution Hall of Biodiversity Hall of Ocean Life Hall of North American Forests Hall of Primates Hall of Reptiles and Amphibians Bird Halls Discovery Room Research Library General Information Floor Plans of the Museum Index Sas : es : : = ee = = SSSUESEESTERCT EE EE erties ri = > ~ aed : = a = = ECE rrertiss, -— * a ~ Steesreirs ’ : soe “ : ‘ a 4 é ie 2eere ise Bie Letter from the President Welcome to the American Museum of Natural History, truly a “Museum for the 21st Century.” For generations, the Museum has been a place of wonder and discovery for people of all ages. Founded in 1869 by a group of passionate and committed private citizens, the American Museum of Natural History began its story with a modest collection of specimens in need of a permanent home. More than 130 years later, the Museum is indisputably one of the world’s greatest museums, educational resources, and scientific and cultural institutions. With 25 interconnected buildings on Manhattan's Upper West Side, the Museum is home to more than 200 working scientists, a world- renowned collection of more than 32 million specimens and cultural artifacts, one of the largest natural history libraries in the Western Hemisphere, and numerous classrooms, auditoriums, and other education spaces. Most notable for the visitor are the Museum's 45 permanent exhibition halls, beloved by young and old. These halls explore the natural world around us, the universe beyond, and the cultures of humanity. Each year, the Museum acts as a trusted guide to five million visitors, helping people to enrich their understanding of science and culture and to develop a deeper sense of humanity's place in the larger scheme of life. The American Museum of Natural History is more than a cultural and educational institution, however; it is an active center of cutting-edge scientific research. The Museum supports dedicated research programs in molecular biology, genomics, and astrophysics, along with extensive work in the natural sciences, anthropology, and conservation. The Museum acts as host to many of the most prominent and influential scientists, policy makers, and commentators on topics of urgent public interest and concern, presenting award-winning topical exhibitions, pioneering science-education programs, and fostering lifelong learning for a broad range of audiences. The Museum offers a unique window on scientific exploration and discovery that is inspiring, provocative, relevant to our everyday lives, and critical to an appreciation of the world around us. | invite you to begin your journey through the Museum, to awaken the naturalist within you, and to discover the glorious and fascinating richness of the world and the universe in which we live. ELLEN V. FUTTER President The Theodore Roosevelt Rotunda. This hall's Barosaurus is the world’s highest freestanding mount of a dinosaur. Introduction ince its founding in 1869, the American S Museum of Natural History has advanced its global mission to discover, interpret, and disseminate information about human cultures, the natural world, and the universe. Long celebrated for the depth of its collections and the scope and beauty of its exhibition halls, the Museum has continually been at the forefront of sci- entific research, sharing its discoveries with the public through a wide-reaching program of education and exhibition. Approximately five million visitors come to the Museum each year to explore 25 buildings and 45 Opposite: A young visitor in The Butterfly Conservatory permanent halls, on a journey from the outer edges of the observable universe to the inner core of Earth to the great diversity of life on our planet. History The Museum was founded by Albert Smith Bickmore (1839-1914), after his proposal for a natural history museum in New York City won the support of such prominent New Yorkers as William E. Dodge, Jr., Theodore Roosevelt, Sr., Joseph Choate, and J. Pierpont Morgan. These men shared with Bickmore, a professor and one-time student of noted Harvard zoologist Louis Agassiz, the vision of a great center for research and teaching in the natural sciences and anthro- pology, an institution where both scientists and the general public could come to learn. The Museum's first exhibits were displayed in the Central Park Arsenal, the Museum's Original home, on the eastern side of Central Park. When the Museum outgrew the Arse- nal, Calvert Vaux, one of the designers of Central Park, and J. Wrey Mould planned the present Museum on a large swampy farm- land site known as Manhattan Square, which was donated by the city. The first building was started in 1874, with United States Pres- ident Ulysses S. Grant laying the cornerstone, and completed in 1877. The decades to follow marked a golden age of exploration, as Museum scientists made expeditions to such far-flung locations as Mongolia, Siberia, the Congo, and the North Pole. During this era Museum scien- tists fundamentally reshaped important fields such as anthropology and evolutionary biology, in addition to amassing great col- lections. At the same time, the institution's facilities also grew: the Romanesque Revival 77th Street facade was completed in the 19th century, and major additions were made in the 1920s and ‘30s, including the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial with its grand entrance on Central Park West and the origi- nal Hayden Planetarium. With much of its physical structure estab- lished, the Museum expanded beyond its early halls—Northwest Coast Indians, fos- sils, and mammals—to add displays on birds, reptiles, gems and minerals, human evolution, and cultural groups from around the world. Acknowledging the crucial role of educational programming and exhibitions at the Museum, the institution also created an education wing and two special-exhibition galleries, to complement its broad array of permanent halls. In 1999, the Museum's expansion extended to its scientific facilities as well, with the opening of the C. V. Starr Natural Science Building. The Starr Building offers cutting-edge laboratories and equip- ment for scientific staff as well as new col- lections space. This history of innovative research, educa- tion, and exhibition continues today with the presentation of topical special exhibi- tions and ongoing renovations and expan- sion. Since 1994, the Museum has created 13 new halls, from the fossil halls—which include the Museum's world-renowned dinosaurs—to the Hall of Biodiversity. Most notably, the Museum created the Frederick Phineas & Sandra Priest Rose Center for Earth and Space. A groundbreaking new facility that opened in 2000, the Rose Center combines state-of-the-art architec- tural and exhibit design with pioneering scientific research and technological innovation in a popular and critically acclaimed new resource. Science With a scientific staff of more than 200, including 47 curators, the Museum supports research divisions in Anthropology, Paleon- tology, Invertebrate and Vertebrate Zoology, and the Physical Sciences. These scientific divisions oversee a permanent collection of 32 million specimens and cultural artifacts, which includes the world’s largest collection of vertebrate fossils, more than 500,000 anthropological objects, and the world's most important research collection of amber fossils. In addition to its vast on-site resources, one of the Museum’s primary sources of scientific knowledge has been the thousands of field expeditions conducted by Museum scientists to every continent since 1887. This tradition continues today with more than 100 field projects each year in locations such as Chile, China, Cuba, Mada- gascar, Mongolia, New Guinea, and Vietnam. The Museum continues to expand its leadership in many fields, including New World archaeology and cultural anthropol- ogy; earth sciences and meteoritics, aug- mented by the new Department of Astrophysics established in 1999; and sys- tematic biology, the mapping of evolutionary relationships and classification of the world’s species. The Museum is pioneering efforts to deepen our knowledge of the myriad species that inhabit this planet and to understand the history of life, an especially important initiative in light of the global losses of plant and animal species. In 1993 the Museum launched the interdisciplinary Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (CBC) to address environmental threats to Earth's biological systems. The CBC coordi- nates partnerships between the Museum's A Museum curator in the Molecular Systematics Laboratories scientific staff and national and interna- tional organizations to oversee research, field projects, and training programs, creat- ing a wealth of data and resource materials for scientists and governmental agencies around the world concerned with conserva- tion efforts and policies. The Museum's vast research experience in comparative biology has put the institu- tion at the forefront of a new era of scien- tific research in the field of genomics. Genomics is the identification, study, and analysis of the sequence of proteins that constitutes an organism's DNA. Through the Molecular Program, founded in 1990, the Museum has performed groundbreaking sequencing and analysis of DNA of both living and extinct organisms, enabling Museum scientists to gain new insights into the patterns of evolution, the relationships among species, and the history of extinction and endangerment. The Museum's growing research program in non-human compara- tive genomics, which is conducted in the state-of-the-art Molecular Systematics Lab- oratories and is the foundation for the newly founded Institute for Comparative Genomics, demonstrates the institution's ongoing role in making the latest discover- ies on the frontiers of science. The Paleontology of Dinosaurs Moveable Museum 7) y Tih ns ote Be and anderen Pa Ima and Pan! Milstein ll fr ~ cit | The Museum convenes major scientific conferences, for both the scientific commu- nity and the general public, on topics of vital public interest relating to key areas of the Museum’s research and emerging fields. Recent conferences hosted by the Museum include Stellar Collisions, Mergers, and Their Consequences, the first major conference on stellar collisions and mergers, and Sequenc- ing the Human Genome: New Frontiers in Science and Technology, the first major public forum to examine the implications of the release of the draft sequence of the human genome. The Museum is committed to training and supporting the next generation of scientists. Its postdoctoral training program is one of the oldest and largest of its kind in the world. Each year, dozens of the most prom- ising young scientists pursue original research at the Museum and in the field, in collaboration with Museum scientists. With such collaborations and training, the Museum is helping to ensure the future of the natural sciences worldwide. Education The Museum’s research provides the foun- dation for its educational programs, which focus on increasing science literacy among both adults and children, deepening the public understanding of issues that affect the future of the planet and its inhabitants, and providing a forum for exploring cultural diversity. In a world increasingly shaped by technology and science, the Museum recog- nizes that people must have access to scien- tific knowledge in order to be full partici- pants in today’s society. Toward this end, the Museum advocates the concept of lifelong learning. The Museum develops and pres- ents programs that engage children and adults of all ages, fostering a love of nature and awakening the scientist in all. On-site, the Museum is visited by more than 500,000 children in school groups annually, many of them participating in formal education programs. In addi- tion, more than 50 free after- school courses are offered to complement and build upon what high-school students learn in the classroom. In a more in-depth program, 35 high-school juniors are selected each year to con- duct research projects with Museum scientists. Extending beyond the many on-site programs available, in 1992 the Museum launched the highly popular Move- able Museum program. Moveable Museums are converted and customized 34-foot-long Winnebagos outfitted as exhibition spaces with specimens, interactive computers, and exhibits that travel to schools, community centers, parks, and street fairs. Education for young people also includes an Ecology Club, the Museum Education and Employment Program, and the Lang Science Team Program, in which participants conduct research at the Museum and receive a scholarship toward their college education. In order to extend its educational mission to an even broader audience, the Museum took a leadership role in national science education with the opening in 1997 of the National Center for Science Literacy, Education and Technology. The Center uses both new and traditional technology and media to connect people around the world to science in the laboratory, in the field, and even in outer space. An exhibition preparator painting a tree trunk for the rain forest diorama in the Hall of Biodiversity In addition to its many science-related programs, the Museum offers dozens of special programs each year that illuminate the heritage of the world’s cultures, includ- ing Black History Month programs, a Native American festival, a Kwanzaa celebration, and annual celebrations of Latino and Asian/Pacific heritage. The Margaret Mead Film & Video Festival, held each fall since 1977, is the largest and longest-running annual festival of documentary and ethno- graphic film and video in the country. Exhibition Exhibitions are the Museum's most powertul tool for sharing scientific knowledge and discovery with the general public. Cutting- edge exhibition halls, such as the Rose Center for Earth and Space and the reno- vated fossil halls, bring the latest research to the visitor through multimedia installations that supplement the renowned specimens and accommodate updated information. Complementing its newer installations are the Museum’s classic halls, such as the Akeley Hall of African Mammals and the Hall of Northwest Coast Indians. These halls, with their dioramas, murals, and detailed installations, demonstrate the Museum's long history of beautiful and innovative exhibition techniques. In addition to being revolutionary for their time, the dioramas are widely renowned for combining true artistry with scientific accuracy. Throughout the Museum's exhibits, the visitor finds examples of such artistry: the fossil hall murals and paintings of Charles R. Knight (1874-1953), depicting prehistoric life in action; the enormous, realistically ren- dered models of planets in the Scales of the Universe at the Rose Center; and the Central African Republic rain forest diorama in the Hall of Biodiversity, featuring more than 500,000 leaves created by hand from molds made in the field. The Museum's displays combine groundbreaking technologies with traditional, timeless methods to interpret the work of its scientists. The Museum also develops and presents a vigorous schedule of special exhibitions that explore world cultures, current scientific issues, and the natural sciences. Recent highlights include: The Genomic Revolution; Fighting Dinosaurs: New Discoveries trom Mongolia; Body Art: Marks of Identity; The “Endurance”: Shackleton’s Legendary Antarctic Expedition; and Epidemic! The World of Infectious Disease. The extraordi- narily popular Butterfly Conservatory: Tropi- cal Butterflies Alive in Winter made its debut at the Museum in 1998 and has returned annually since. In addition to its large-scale special exhibitions, the Museum offers an ongoing series of smaller exhibitions in its Akeley Gallery, usually focusing on photog- raphy. Special exhibitions often travel to other museums across the country and around the world through the Museum’s touring program. Touring allows the Museum to share its treasures and insights with a wider public, broadening the institu- tion’s impact and reach. The Museum is dedicated both to acquiring scientific knowledge and to sharing that learning with the broadest audience possible. It is through the suc- cessful combination of science, education, and exhibition that the Museum expands our understanding of ourselves and our environments, from the cosmic to the microscopic. ne of the premier attractions in Of York City is the Museum‘s series of fossil halls, including its two famed dinosaur halls. The Museum is home to the world’s largest collection of vertebrate fossils, totaling nearly one million specimens. More than 600 of these specimens, nearly 85 percent of which are real fossils as opposed to casts, are on view. Completely renovated between 1994 and 1996, the fossil halls now Stand as a continuous loop on the fourth floor, telling the story of verte- brate evolution. Unlike most fossil exhibits, which are arranged in ate: é chronological order, the Museum's fossil halls display the specimens according to evolutionary relation- ships, dramatically illustrating the complex branches of the tree of life, in which animals are grouped according to their shared physical characteris- tics. Such relationships are deter- - mined through a method of scientific analysis called cladistics, which the Museum helped pioneer. The halls’ renovation also allowed for new scientific interpretations of favorite displays, as well as the restoration of the fourth floor to its original architectural grandeur. 4. FLOO HALL OF ++ Saurischian Dinosaurs he earliest-known dinosaurs appeared about 228 million years ago; their fossils have been found on every continent. They dominated the land until about 65 million years ago, when an episode of extinction eliminated the non-avian dinosaurs (but not the birds) as well as many other animals and plants, both on the land and in the seas. Possible causes for these extinctions include the impact of an extraferrestrial object or a major, global peak in volcanic activity. The American Museum of Natural History is home to the single largest collection of dinosaur fossils in the world, with more than 100 specimens featured in its halls. The Hall of Saurischian Dinosaurs examines the branches of dinosaurs that possess the trait of a grasping hand, with fingers that differ in size and shape. This hall features some of the Museum's most beloved and terrifying specimens, including Tyrannosaurus rex and Apatosaurus. Both of the displays have been revised to represent new scientific thinking: rex, once presented upright, is NOW positioned in a low, stalking pose with its tail in the air, while Apatosaurus—previously known as Brontosaurus—has a new skull, additional neck bones, and a longer, elevated tail. Also featured in this hall is the group of dinosaurs—maniraptors—that includes on its evolutionary branch living birds. = 4 - > . " - ~ “y — »~ o 2 . ea - * vt io — ies. ~ : 7S ‘ = Above: Tyrannosaurus rex in foreground Left: The Glen Rose Trackway, a series of fossilized dinosaur footprints left more than 100 million years ago at the edge of a lagoon in what is now Texas Dinosaur Eggs As far as scientists know today, all dinosaurs reproduced by laying eggs. Until the 1980s, discoveries of fossilized eggs and bones of young dinosaurs were extremely rare, but dinosaur eggs are now known from several continents, and fossils of hatchlings, juveniles, and adults have been found for most major groups. Determining the exact species to which the eggs belong is difficult, however, since only a few dinosaur embryos have been found inside the fossil eggs. In 1993, the Museum team working in collaboration with the Mongolian Academy of Sciences discovered the first dinosaur embryos, from eggs preserved in the Gobi Desert (see p. 17). HALL OF Ornithischian Dinosaurs She Hall of Ornithischian Dinosaurs i i examines the branches of dinosaurs that ree, om 7 Mle DOSSeSS a backward pointing pubis bone. : ign, = ay Additional features found within the PN w Sy) Ornithischians include inset tooth rows forming | ' cheeks and the uneven covering of enamel on the teeth. It is believed that both these traits allowed for increased efficiency in holding and chewing food. This hall includes such favorites as Stegosaurus, a 140-million-year-old dinosaur with distinctive rows of plates down the center of its back and large spikes in the end of its tail Triceratops (along with a cast of the only juvenile Stegosaurus ever found) and the 65-million-year-old horned and shield-headed dinosaur Jriceratops. This specimen has a partly healed injury on its three-horned skull, possibly caused by another Triceratops. On view nearby are the “mummy” specimens of Edmontosaurus and Corythosaurus, whose fossils have preserved large areas of skin impressions, allowing us a rare glimpse of what these creatures might have looked like alive. - 2 Corythosaurus Gobi Desert Expeditions From 1921 to 1930, Roy Chapman Andrews (1884-1960) led the Museum's Central Asiatic Expedition through the Gobi Desert of Mongolia, making some of the world’s most historic dinosaur finds. Since 1991, when the Mongolian Academy of Sciences invited the Museum to take part in a joint expedition to the Gobi, Museum scientists have returned a HALL OF Northwest Coast Indians Haida canoe 30 he Hall of Northwest Coast Indians, the Museum’s oldest hall, showcases the research conducted during the Museum's first major field expedition, the Jesup North Pacific Expedition (1897-1902), considered one of the most important anthropological field studies ever made. Organized by Museum President Morris K. Jesup and led by Franz Boas (1858-1942), known as the “father of American anthropology, the expedition set out to investigate the cultural and biological links between people living on both sides of the Bering Strait, with the hope of determining whether or not America was first populated by migrations from Asia. The cultures featured in the hall occupy North America’s shores from Washington State to southern Alaska. The artifacts, folklore, and artwork displayed document and celebrate the customs and artistry of the Kwakiutl, Haida, Tlingit, Bella Coola, and other peoples. Exhibits include exquisite totem carvings, clothing, tools, and masks. HALLS OF Eastern Woodlands and Plains Indians clothing, weapons, and jewelry from traditional Native American cultures in the East and in the Plains. The Hall of Eastern Woodlands Indians focuses on the traditional cultures of * 4 the Mohegan, Ojibwa, Cree, and other Native American peoples a living in the Eastern Woodlands of North America. In addition ary to artifacts, this hall features models of Eastern Woodlands gf. lodgings, from the wigwam of the Ojibwa to the longhouse of 4 the Iroquois. The Hall of Plains Indians focuses on the cultures PA of the mid-19th-century Blackfeet, Hidatsa, Dakota (Sioux), and other peoples of the North American Plains, and is also home to one of the Museum's greatest treasures, the Folsom Point. This flint arrowhead, found near Folsom, New Mexico, in 1926, provides irrefutable evidence that there were humans in the Americas as early as the last ice age. T hese halls showcase artifacts such as cooking utensils, “ms . J ed Folsom Point Cheyenne narrative buffalo robe 2 HALL OF ‘ | FLOOR African Peo L les po ee Costume of Marikoto, a Yoruba ceremonial figure frica, a continent of nearly 12 million square miles and more than 700 million inhabitants, boasts a rich array of cultures. The Hall of African Peoples explores this great diversity, highlighting the traditional lifestyles and customs of people living in Africa's grasslands, deserts, forests, and river regions. The religious, political, economic, and domestic aspects of life are highlighted through artifacts and dioramas. On display are masks, musical instruments, farming tools, religious idols, ceremonial costumes, and more. Dioramas depict a variety of scenes, from the Berbers of the desert in North Africa to the Mbuti pygmies in the Congo. Also featured are the Yoruba, Pokot, and Bira peoples, among others. DZ GARDNER D. STOUT HALL OF y] ND Asian Peoples =i == he Museum's holdings in Asian ethnology constitute one of the 2 ® finest such collections in the Western Hemisphere. This extensive # B collection provides the foundation for the Hall of Asian Peoples, the Museum’s largest cultural hall. The hall explores such topics as prehistoric Eurasia and the rise of civilization, early Asian cultures, and Asian trade, and includes such vastly different and diverse regions as Korea, China, India, Armenia, and Siberia. The hall also documents the rise of the great world religions of Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Confucianism. Highlights include the shaman diorama, which faithfully re-creates a late 19th-century healing ceremony of the Yakut of Eastern Siberia. The scene depicts a shaman who has come to heal a woman whose soul has been captured by evil spirits. Also featured in the hall is an ornate wedding chair, which would have carried a traditional Chinese bride to her new Plies 4. husband's family. Va $ The chair is , fi : th 43 covered with y z' nny i a 4 auspicious u te y g oi. e * $ oa ¥ 2 8 ~s fel t t e 7 ' WARS AS Chinese wedding chair 33 2 HALL OF : 3 “—. Mexico and Central America he diverse art, architecture, and traditions of the Maya, Toltec, Olmec, Aztec, and other Mesoamerican pre-Columbian cultures are the subjects of this hall. The outstanding collections on display include monuments, figurines, pottery, and jewelry that span from around 1200 s.c. to the early 1500s. Each object provides clues about the political and religious symbols, social traits, and artistic styles of its cultural group. Especially striking works on view include Costa Rican gold ornaments and a 3,000-year-old Olmec jade sculpture called the Kunz Axe, which may represent a chief or a shaman who transformed himself into a jaguar to partake of the animal's power. Also displayed are 9th- century Mayan stone carvings depicting scenes of conquest. Existing as early as 1500 s.c., the Mayan culture did not consist of a single empire, but rather was a collection of independent city-states that alternately warred and traded with one another. Kunz Axe Mayan stone carving 34 HALL OF South American Peoples i ie his hall explores the pre-Columbian cultures of South America as well as the traditional cultures living in the region today, encompassing the ancient Inka, Moche, Chavin, and Chancay cultures as welt as the many peoples of modern _. Amazonia. Especially evident in this hall ~ is the exceeding importance of textile art among the ancient Andeans; this artistic tradition, which conveyed status and identity, harks back at least 5,000 years. Andean achievements in metallurgy were also remark- able. Throughout the hall, works of exquisite craftsmanship abound, as in the Royal Llama of the Inka from Bolivia. The figure, approximately 500 years old, is made of silver and its blanket is cinnabar trimmed with gold. Also on view are examples of spectacular Amazonian featherwork, including a headdress made from toucan and macaw feathers that once adorned a young man from the Rikbaktsa tribe. This object and others like it demonstrate the Royal Llama of importance of ornamentation among the indigenous cultures of the —— Amazonian rain forest. > => Amazonian featherwork 35 3 MARGARET MEAD HALL OF RD “a Pacific Peoples he renowned anthropologist Margaret Mead (1901-1978) worked in the Museum's Anthropology Department from 1926 until her death. Through her groundbreaking expeditions to Samoa, New Guinea, and Bali, Mead brought anthropological work into the public consciousness. Her studies provide the foundation for the Hall of Pacific Peoples, which reflects a remarkable geographic and cultural diversity. The Hall explores the cultures of the South Pacific islands, which range from tiny stretches of land to the island = Margaret Mead continent of Australia and include Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia. ae bia Highlights include a display of elaborately painted and adorned dance Guinea, 1965 masks from Northern New Ireland, part of Papua New Guinea. Made of wood and bark fibers, the masks represent specific spirits and are used in traditional dance ceremonies. Also on view are intricately detailed shadow puppets from Java. Originating in the 11th century, Javanese puppet theater is used as an educational tool to communicate information about religious tenets, moral codes, history, and myths. New Ireland mask r= A Se Ee 7 ; ———— 36 aw SEE FREDERICK PHINEAS & SANDRA PRIEST Rose Center Earth and Sp. aan") x OH Vay February 2000 represented one of the most exciting chapters and most ambitious achievements in the Museum's long and distinguished history. In terms of sheer space alone, the monumental 120-foot-high, 333,500-square-foot facility increased the Museum's square footage by approximately 25 percent. It is a center for scientific research, a technological marvel, New York's latest architectural icon, and a powerful educational resource—in short, a singular facility that sets a new standard for museums and planetariums worldwide. The Rose Center encompasses a completely rebuilt Hayden Planetarium and spectacular exhibition halls that explore the vast range of sizes in the a Ai Y Sf SSS es So a a ai i : | , { se B a) on pe he cosmos; the 13-billion-year history o the universe; the fascinating nature of ~ galaxies, stars, and planets; and the dynamic features of our own unique planet Earth. Not only has the Rose Center received international acclaim for its exhibits and state-of-the-art technology, but it is considered one of New York City’s most recent and boldest architectural landmarks. Its striking design includes the largest glass curtain wall in the United States, constructed of the clearest “water white” glass, and a thrilling interior space with a ceiling higher than that of Grand Central Station. Here the architecture serves the science; the entire facility was created with an eye toward informing and inspiring visitors. DOROTHY AND LEWIS B. CULLMAN Hall of the Universe Below: Visitors he Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman Hall of the Universe presents the al discoveries and explorations of modern astrophysics. This 7,000- Explainer in the square-foot hall is divided into four zones featuring exhibit islands delat rich with astronomical imagery, rotating video displays, computer interactives, and more. The Universe Zone probes the limits of our powers of observation, while exploring the ways in which our universe Is expanding. The Galaxies Zone celebrates the exquisite beauty and diversity of galaxies, while providing information on their formation and evolution. The Stars Zone links supernovae to the elements created by them, the chemical building blocks of our own human bodies, reinforcing the notion that we are made of “star stuff.” The Planets Zone illustrates the formation and evolution of planets, with an examination of major collisions that have occurred on Earth, as well as possible future impacts. 38 Scales of the Universe W major feature of the Rose A W Center is the Scales of the MAS Universe exhibit along the 400-foot-long walkway that hugs the glass wall of the cube. This unique exhibit, which employs the facility's architectural features by using the Hayden Sphere as a basis for comparison, explores the vast range of sizes in the cosmos—trom the observable —— Visitors in the Scales of the Universe )a and on the Cosmic Pathway ramp ee ee = universe to our planet to a tiny electron. Along the walkway, Stations introduce visitors, by increments of the power of ten, to the relative sizes of atoms, planets, stars, and galaxies, by using text panels, interactive terminals, and both large, overhead and small, rail-mounted models. Enormous, realistically rendered planets, stars, and galaxies—including a nine- foot-diameter model of Jupiter and a model of Saturn with 17-foot- diameter rings—are suspended from the ceiling of the building. Qa. FLOOR 40 HARRIET AND ROBERT HEILBRUNN Cosmic Pathway ollowing the explosive Big Bang experience, visitors exit onto the Harriet and Robert Heilbrunn Cosmic Pathway, a dramatic, spiraling “ramp that ushers them through 13 billion years of cosmic evolution. At the start of the walkway, visitors can measure the length of their stride and determine how many millions of years pass with each step. Thirteen markers along the way denote the passage of each billion years and, at eight landings, computer interactives help visitors understand the nature and size of the universe at that point in time. Artifacts are also on display, including evidence of the earliest bacterial life on Earth and the fossilized tooth of a giant carnivorous dinosaur. At the end of the 360-foot circular pathway, the thickness of a human hair illustrates the relative duration of human history, from cave paintings to the present day. The Heilbrunn Cosmic Pathway was specially designed to allow for adjustments and updates to the exhibitry, as research in astrophysics reveals new information about the age and nature of the universe. Dwis Hayden Planetarium oe 3 ominating the Rose Center is the magnificent Hayden Sphere, which features the world’s largest virtual reality simulator. Weighing four million : pounds and measuring 87 feet in diameter, the Hayden Sphgse houses the Space Theater in its upper half and the Big Bang Theater in its lower hemisphere. With the custom-made Zeiss Mark IX Star. Projector and a Digital Dome Projection System, the 429-seat Space Theater displays a kyperrealistic view of the planets, star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies in an exhilarating journey from Earth to the edge of the observable universe. To create this virtual universe, a team of Museum scientists and visualization experts, along with colleagues from such organizations as NASA, worked in a remarkable collaboration of science, artistry, and advanced computing to “stitch together” images of our universe, based on astronomical observations and computer models. The Digital Galaxy Project has created the most accurate and complete picture of our Milky Way Galaxy, a portrait that provides the foundation for the Hayden — Planetarium Space Show. The Hayden . In the Big Bang Theater, visual and audio effects dramatically re-create Planetarium Space Theater how, according t@ scientists, the universe began with a burst of radiant showsid tis energy from a point smaller than a grain of sand. Orion Nebula DAVID S. AND RUTH L. GOTTESMAN Hall of Planet Earth he David S. and Ruth L. Gottesman Hall of Planet Earth raises and explores key questions: How has the Earth evolved? Why are there ocean basins, continents, and mountains? How do we read the rocks? What causes climate and climate change? And, perhaps most significantly, why is Earth habitable? The Hall combines touchable rock specimens with computer interactives, video, and soundscapes to convey the power and beauty of planet Earth. Displayed are a stunning collection of 168 geological samples collected by Museum scientists in dozens of field expeditions to such places as Mount Vesuvius, the Grand Canyon, and the Swiss Alps. Together with 11 dramatic, full-scale models of significant outcrops and geological features, the specimens create a hall that is as beautiful and varied as Earth itself. The oldest specimen in the hall is a strikingly beautitul red-banded iron formation that is 2.7 billion years old. The “youngest” is a piece of bright yellow sulfur that was collected by Museum scientists just moments after it condensed from clouds of gas emitting from an Indonesian volcano. Other exhibits include the suspended eight-foot-diameter Dynamic Earth Globe, which creates an entrancing, changing view of the planet as seen from outer space. The electronic Earth Event Wall broadcasts reports of global events, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and atmospheric conditions, as they occur. Mold makers applying latex to the cliff face of the Hutton Unconformity near Edinburgh, Scotland. The Museum used the mold to create a cast model for the Hall of Planet Earth. A2 WHY ARE THERE OCEAN BASINS, CONTINENTS, AND MOUNTAINS2_ Oo —_ — é < “Black Smokers” Little known before the 1970s, “black smokers” are sulfide chimneys that form around hot springs in the deep ocean. The sulfide minerals precipitate when the scalding hot, mineral-laden water from deep within the earth comes in contact with the ice-cold sea. The submarine hot springs support a microbial community that does not live off sunlight but instead on the chemical energy of the earth. Some of the microbes that live on black smokers are considered the most ancient forms of life known on Earth and therefore hold clues to the development of life on Earth and the possibility of life elsewhere. The Museum, in collaboration with the University of Washington, conducted two groundbreaking expeditions Engineers on the Tully hoisting a “black smoker” out of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Washington to study and collect black smokers for research and for their first-ever display, in the Gottesman Hall of Planet Earth. I> UJ eS >) 1 4 i =x Ww wi 2) cc cc | x= = cc vo ew £2 SO & “vse = & - w —_ fae W . s W C w fae) Gg wa we ¢ X ; > VY) ’ os Ss op oS Coa th ‘> ie are a om u 5 c £&£& Oo eee Yay ©) : \ ind = ‘ Ct DO un & r = Oo ,~ensy 4 4 ieee a & ©. 38. Oo- eo o v ee ee = ee os et Sou pes & 8 so 5 € C 5 TU Fave 2 OC == os <= me ¢ SZ Of w~eoqr Se ee . Ww to ie © (| \ oT ee : [am] 5 3 a) a Oo ~~ hs > C — = CG ALG Ado Se fen § BES ey Ve = co AK! We : y ae (NN L¢ van a" = So wz W - © : - © 4 4 * oO (OG © 52M OO Y i oa a eee c = UT ae) CD) se tania > Gan ee an = > ap) \ Ne 5 7 Ww) ol Ces) 6 Y _ OD oO © O Ss wa 2 Qs \ oo ae asx : one2exs 2 =Se9Yosq &an LD wD oe) t ao oo oF ct 2 Eanes: (=): WwW ¢ C Dp aD fae es « rab) ~ (OO 5 & 1 € - © on Vv YU met GL) oe im © ¢ 8 a Y oO Cee Engpom is 5 UV a 4 . 2) ‘ = = ephe WwW O ~ Ss = pee © = bod J [SS | = | i Oo = ot Ba Y}e ¢ > & 2 Coes Y ¢ 1 et > 5 Tae fa) MD (S -q) = O 2 ° G Ww : Ww Wi em se (an ee ee: VW ow Ae ean co al fa) [© WY — W WY) Ww oO ¢ > ran Le ra } Oo — - Ww ¢ ¢ Human ENTRANCE Biology Evolution TICKET SALES CHARLES A. DANA Education Wing <@ ENTRANCE Café77 SCHOOL GROUP CHECK-IN a PARKING GARAGE 77th Auditorium/ = STREET Northwest Coast Indians NTRANCE > IMAX Theater F 'T | nceersaus TICKET SALES eG SPECIAL EXHIBITION Gallery 77 <@ EntRANcE SATELLITE SHOP Ocean Life ; INFORMATION Discovery GROUP TICKETS Room AND WILL CALL FELIX M. North American WARBURG MENona Mammals 7 ts Hall o WJ <@ STREET New York ENTRANCE State 3 FREDERICK Environment PHINEAS & ; ; SANDRA : = __ priest / Rose Center for Earth and Space North Hall of Biodiversity Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Hall DAVID S. AND RUTH L. GOTTESMAN se Hall of Planet Earth Forests 2T TICKET SALES SECURITY CENTRAL PARK WEST OFFICE ENTRANCE 4 4 5 T : fal + T f 2) D ft 2 S rm) T © 72) T 5 J J © I J if 60 CHARLES A DANA Education Wing Arthur Ross Terrace Rose Center Classroom Rose Center for Earth and Space CENTRAL PARK WEST ENTRANCE A Museum Entrance yy Women's Restrooms Escalator (2) Information Desk B Telephone " Automated Teller © subway Entrance © Men's Restrooms ES Elevator {O} Restaurant $) 2 ee : Wheelchair ©& Accessible Stairs @ Ticket Sales © Museum Shop 61 3rd FLOOR MARGARET MEAD Hall of Pacific Peoples FRANK M. CHAPMAN MEMORIAL Hall of North American Birds New York State Mammals New York City Birds _— Hall = 0 PHINEAS & African Hayden an Planetarium EXHIBITION Space Theater Rose Center Gallery 3 (ACCESS FROM for Earth 1ST FLOOR) and Space SPECIAL Mammals Reptiles and Amphibians A Museum Entrance oO Women’s Restrooms Escalator @ Information Desk (e) Telephone Automated Teller ©) subway Entrance > Men’s Restrooms BES Elevator tO} Restaurant $] Machine » Wheelchair C Nike ble Stairs © Ticket Sales @® Museum Shop 62 4th FLOOR Research Library Library Gallery MIRIAM AND IRA D. WALLACH fi ( ¥ ) Orientation @® CG Vertebrate Origins 77th STREET ELEVATORS PAUL AND — Saurischian IRMA MILSTEIN “ Dinosaurs Advanced LILA ACHESON Mammals WALLACE WING OF Mammals and Their Extinct CENTRAL PARK WEST ELEVATORS Primitive Ornithischian © Mammals Dinosaurs A Turret Dinostore and More A Museum Entrance @ Women’s Restrooms |_| Escalator @ Information Desk @ Telephone @© subway Entrance © Men's Restrooms BS Elevator {O| Restaurant $] ee Teller é eel Stairs @ Ticket Sales @ Museum Shop 63 64 accessibility, 58 Advanced Mammals, Hall of, 18, 20, 20-21 African goliath beetle, 47 African Mammals, Hall of 12, 24, 24-25 African Peoples, Hall of, 32, 32 Agassiz, Louis, 8 Akeley, Carl, 24, 28, 24 Akeley Gallery, 12 Akeley Hall of African Mammals, 12, 24, 24-25 Alaska brown bear diorama, 26-27 Amazonian featherwork, 35, 35 ammonites, 50, 50 Andean art, 35 Andean condor diorama, 54 Andrews, Roy Chapman, 17, 17 Anthropology Department/ Division of, 29, 36 Apatosaurus, 14, 13 arthropod collection, 47, 47 Asian Mammals, Hall of, 28, 28 Asian Peoples, Hall of, 33, 33 Astrophysics, Department of, 9 Barosaurus, 4 Bickmore, Albert Smith, 7, 8 Big Bang Theater, 41 Biodiversity, Hall of, 12, 28, 47-48, 47-49 bird halls, 54, 54-55 Birds-of the World, Hall of 54, 54 ison diorama, 26, 26 "black smokers,” 43, 43 blue whale model, 50, 50 Boas, Franz, 29, 30 Buettneria, 22 Butterfly Conservatory, 12, 6 re Cape York Meteorite, 44, 44 Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, 9, 48 Central African Republic rain forest diorama, 12, 47-48, 11, 47 Central Asiatic Expedition, 17 Central Park Arsenal, 8 Chapman, Frank M., 54 Chapman Memorial Hall of North American Birds, 54, 54-55 checkrooms, 58 Cheyenne robe, 31 Chinese wedding chair, 33, 33 Choate, Joseph, 7 Clark, James L., 28 conferences, 9-10 Corythosaurus, 16, 17 Cosmic Pathway, 40, 39, 40 Cullman Hall of the Universe, 38, 38 culture halls, 29-36, 29-36 Digital Galaxy Project, 41 Digital Library, 57 Dimetrodon, 19 dinosaur eggs, 15,17, 15 dinosaurs, 14-17, 4, 13, 14-17 : n d ex Numbers in bold refer to illustrations dioramas, 12, 23, 24, 26, 32, 33, 46, 47-8, 51, 54, 11, 23, 24-25, 26-27, 28, 47, 51, 54-55 Discovery Room, 56, 56 Dodge, William E., Jr., 7 Dunkleosteus, 22 Dynamic Earth Globe, 42 Dzanga-Sangha (Central African Republic) Rain Forest diorama, 12, 47-48, 11, 47 Earth see Planet Earth, Hall of Earth Event Wall, 42 Eastern Woodlands Indians, Hall of, 31 Ecology Club, 11 Edmontosaurus, 16 education, 10-12 elephants, 28, 24, 25 Endangered Case, 28, 48-49 Eryops, 22 exhibitions, 12 expeditions, 8, 9, 17, 24, 26, 28, 30, 36, 42, 43, 17, 36, 42, 43 Faunthorpe, Colonel John C., 28 flamingo mural, 55 floor plans, 59-63 Folsom Point, 31, 31 food service, 58 forest floor diorama, 51, 51 fossil halls, 12, 13-22, 13-22 Gems, Hall of, 45, 45 general information, 58 genomics, 9 Glen Rose Trackway, 14 glyptodont, 18 Grant, Ulysses S., 8 Gobi Desert, 15, 17, 17 gorilla diorama, 24, 23 Gottesman Hall of Planet Earth, 42-43, 42-43 Guggenheim Hall of Minerals, 45 Haida canoe, 30 Hayden Planetarium, 8, 37, 41, 41 Hayden Sphere, 39, 41 Heilbrunn Cosmic Pathway, 40, 39, 40 history, 7-8 horses, evolution of, 20, 20 hours, 58 Human Biology and Evolution, Hall of, 46, 46 Hunter, Richard, 56 Hutton Unconformity, 42 Ice Age art, 46, 46 jaguar diorama, 27 Javanese puppets, 36 Jesup, Morris K., 30 Jesup North Pacific Expediton, 30 Knight, Charles R., 12 Komodo dragon, 53, 53 Kunz Axe, 34, 34 Kwakiutl mask, 29 Lang Science Team Program, 11 “Lucy” skeleton, 46 mammal halls, 23-28, 23-28 fossils, 18-21, 18-21 mammoth, 20, 21 Manhattan Square, 8 Margaret Mead Film & Video Festival, 12 Marikoto, costume of, 32 Mayan stone carving, 34, 34 Mead, Margaret, 29, 36, 36 Mead Hall of Pacific Peoples, 36, 36 membership, 58 Meteorites, Hall of 44, 44 Mexico and Central America, Hall of, 34, 34 Milstein Hall of Advanced Mammals, 18, 20, 20-21 Minerals, Hall of, 45 Molecular Program, 9 Molecular Systematics Laboratories, 9, 9 mollusks, 50, 50 Mongolian Academy of Sciences, oy / Morgan, J. P., 7, 45 Morgan Memorial Hall of Gems, 45,45 Mould, J. Wrey, 8 Moveable Museum program, 11, 10-11 Museum Education and Employment Program, 11 National Center for Science Literacy, Education and Technology, 11 New Ireland masks, 36, 36 New York City Birds, Hall of, 54 North American Birds, Hall of, 54, 54-55 North American Forests, Hall of, 515i North American Mammals, Hall of, 26, 26-27 Northwest Coast Indians, Hall of, 12, 30, 30 Ocean Life, Hall of, 50, 50 Oceanic Birds, Hall of, 54 Ornithischian Dinosaurs, Hall of, 16-17, 16-17 Oviraptor, 17 Pacific Peoples, Hall of, 36, 36 Patricia Emerald, 45, 45 Peary, Robert E., 44 “Peking Man,” 46 peregrine falcon diorama, 54, 54-55 photography, 58 Plains Indians, Hall of, 31, 31 Planet Earth, Hall of, 42-43, 42-43 potto, 52 Primates, Hall of 52,52 Primitive Mammals, Hall of, 18, 18-19 Pteranodon, 22, 22 rain forest diorama, 12, 47-48, 11, 47 Reptiles and Amphibians, Hall of, 53,53 Research Library, 57, 57 Roosevelt, Theodore, Sr., 7 Rose Center for Earth and Space, 8, 12, 37-43, 37-43 Ross Hall of Meteorites, 44, 44 Royal Llama of the Inka, 35, 35 Saurischian Dinosaurs, Hall of, 14-15, 14-15 Scales of the Universe, 12, 39, 39 science, 8-10 sequoia tree, giant, 51, 51 shaman diorama, 33 shops, 58 South American Peoples, Hall of, 35, 35 Space Theater, 41, 41 special exhibitions, 12 special programs, 12 Spectrum of Life, 48, 48-49 Star of India, 45, 45 Starr Natural Science Building, 8 Stegosaurus, 16, 16 Stout Hall of Asian Peoples, 33, 33 Stupendemys, 22 Theodore Roosevelt Memorial, 8 Theodore Roosevelt Rotunda, 4-5 tickets, 58 tours, 58 training program, 10 transportation, 58 Triceratops, 16, 16 “Turkana Boy,” 46 Tyrannosaurus rex, 14, 14-15 Ukhaa Tolgod, 17 Universe, the Hall of, 38, 38 Scales of, 12, 39, 39 Vaux, Calvert, 8 Vernay, Arthur S., 28 Vertebrate Origins, Hall of, 22, 22 Wallace Wing of Mammals and Their Extinct Relatives, 18 Wallach Orientation Center, 22 water buffalo diorama, 28 water hole diorama, 24-25 Web site, 58 Wilson, James Perry, 26, 26 Whitney Memorial Hall of Oceanic Birds, 54 Yoruba ceremonial costume, 32