Ohio Biological Survey Notes 5: 1-17, 2015. © Ohio Biological Survey, Inc.

Central Ohio Flora: Summary of the Vascular Plant Treatments of Franklin County, Ohio

(U.S.A.), 1834-1997

Richard M. Lowden 1

'Departamento de Ciencias Basicas, Pontihcia Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros, Republica Dominicana

Abstract: Franklin County is one of only a few Ohio counties that permits a comprehensive inventory disclosing
knowledge of Ohio floristics since the arrival of the first white settlers. The efforts of two frontier botanists, John
Leonard Riddell and William Starling Sullivant, laid the foundation for this historical review of Franklin County’s
vascular plants. Riddell’s (1834) Catalogue is brought to light in this comparative summary, just as 33 species
represented in Sullivant’s 1840 collection (labeled “Columbus”) at The Oluo State University Herbarium (OS) are
treated based on the study of references and herbarium records that led to the understanding of this historical collection
for the validation of entries cited in Sullivant’s (1840) Catalogue. At the turn of the 19 lh century, Augustine D. Selby
and Moses Craig were responsible for the preparation of preliminary treatments for a vascular flora of Franklin
County. The phases the present inventory underwent and how this led to the making of a manual for central Ohio
flora are discussed literature survey, herbarium survey, Franklin County plant information system, catalogue, and
manual. Regional floras, Weishaupt’s (1971) Vascular Plants of Ohio and Gleason and Cronquist’s (1991) Manual of
Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada , were instrumental in the making of “A Central
Ohio Flora: Manual of the Vascular Plants of Franklin County.” This historical summary of Franklin County’s vascular
plants exemplifies the importance of county floras as they relate to a better understanding of Ohio floristics, and
how the making of a manual for central Ohio flora reveals recommendations for future updates of Franklin County’s
contributions to the ongoing Ohio Flora Project.

Keywords: inventory, vascular flora, manual, Franklin County, Ohio, taxonomy

Introduction

Over the past two centuries, herbarium specimens representing county records have been indispensable for the validity of
taxonomic research, and have played an important historical role in the making of herbaria and floras throughout the United
States of America. Our understanding of biological diversity has been heightened by recognizing the county as a logical
geographic unit for floristic work. This was exemplified in the State of Ohio in 1891 when William Ashbrook Kellerman
initiated the collection of specimens by county for each species (Meyer, 1983), under the “laudable objective of building up
the State Herbarium so that it would serve as a comprehensive.. .county by county record of the flora of the state. To this end
he encouraged collectors.. to send in specimens to the Herbarium.” To guide them, he appended to his 1899 Catalog of Ohio
Plants “a list for each county of the serial numbers of those species which were already represented in the Herbarium for that
county.. .The momentum of this policy continued for many years after Kellerman passed from the scene.”

Emma Lucy Braun (1889-1971), one of Ohio’s leading field ecologists and plant taxonomists, was a staunch advocate of
Kellerman’s policy and made it the principal objective of the Ohio Flora Project founded in 1950. She believed that “For
a taxonomic work herbarium specimens are the only acceptable records of the occurrence of species.” She borrowed and
examined all “specimens that would have added a county record (a dot on the map)” for the preparation of her Woody Plants
of Ohio (1961) and The Monocotyledoneae, Cat-tails to Orchids of Ohio (1967), Subsequently published volumes, The

1

Dicotyledoneae of Ohio, Part 3: Asteraceae by T. Richard Fisher (1988) and Part 2: Linaceae through Campanulaceae by
Tom S. Cooperrider (1995), have used dot distribution maps in which “a dot in a county means that a specimen from that county
had been examined.” These finished volumes (Braun, 1967; Fisher, 1988; Cooperrider, 1995) disclose only 784 of the 1,756
taxa recognized in the present survey of Franklin County’s vascular flora that have been dot mapped for Franklin County by
the Ohio Flora Project,

The herbarium at The Ohio State University (OS), under the commitment to preserve its natural history collections as
part of Ohio’s heritage, has built up its holdings with specimens from all of Ohio’s 88 counties. The importance of these
biological collections should not be underestimated (Williams, 1994), since “without such collections there can never be
an honest and complete appraisal of biological reality.”

The earliest known collections from Franklin County were collected by Jonathan Roberts Paddock (Lowden, 1997) in the
vicinity of Worthington from 1833-1840. His specimens are at the University of Illinois (ILL). William Starling Sullivant’s
1840 Columbus collections (Lowden, 1997) represent some of the oldest and most important historical collections in the
herbarium of The Ohio State University (OS). The exact nature of this 1840 collection is discussed based on our current
understanding of herbarium records and literature, since both have played an important role in the recommendation of
how this historical collection should be interpreted.

During the period 1882-1900 (Lowden, 1998), numerous vascular plants were collected in Franklin County by Moses
Craig, Augustine Dawson Selby, William C. Werner, E. Mead Wilcox, Ernest E. Bogue, and Kellerman. These collections
contributed to the initial formation of the State Herbarium at The Ohio State University under the direction of Kellerman,
who was the first professor of botany and chairman of the newly founded Botany Department (Lowden 1970, 1998).

The first half of the 20th century reveals significant plant collections made in Franklin County by John H. Schaffner,
Robert F. Griggs, Wendell H. Camp, Robert B. Gordon, Edward S. Thomas, Lawrence E. Hicks, Floyd B. Chapman,
Clyde H. Jones, and Ervin M. Herrick. Since the mid-1960s, a number of vascular specimens have been collected in
Franklin County by Ronald L. Stuckey, Marvin L. Roberts, Thomas G. Lammers, and Lucy E. Tyrrell at The Ohio State
University. Recently, botanists and naturalists at the Columbus and Franklin County Metropolitan Park District and
the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) have made significant collections. Of special interest are those
specimens collected by John Watts, Diana Morawetz, Dennis Witsberger, and Gary R. Moore from Highbanks Metro Park
(included in this study even though part of this park lies in Delaware County), as well as those collected by David B.
Owens from Blendon Woods, and Eugene Wright from Pickerington Pond. Allison W. Cusick and James S. McCormac,
botanists at the Division of Natural Areas and Preserves (ODNR), have given generously through their knowledge of
collections and observations.

These collections from Franklin County have contributed to the rapid development of The Ohio State University Herbarium
(OS), which houses today more than a half million vascular plant specimens from Ohio in the Museum of Biological
Diversity. Many specimens at the museum are still filed in alphabetical sequence by county, the same order used to register
plant specimens in floristic, monographic, and revisionary treatments, and in some cases, this sequence discloses the close
proximity of distinct morphological forms inhabiting a county. Outstanding in Franklin County are specimens for variants
of Claytonia caroliniana Michx. (a form of C. virginica L ), Chaerophyllum procumbens var. shortii Torn & A. Gray,
Hydrophylliim appendiculatum Michx. (two specimens with calyx not appendaged collected by Selby at Indianola Place,
Columbus, June 1892, Selby, 1 893), Polemonium reptans var. villosum E. L. Braun, Smilax iUinoensis Mangaly, Triphora
trianthophora var. schaffneri Camp, Urtica dioica L. var. dioica, Viola sororia forma priceana (Pollard) Cooperr., V x
brauniae Grover & Cooperr. (V striata Aiton x V rostrata Pursh), and V triloba Schwein. var. triloba (V palmata L.).

2

It is quite evident that the emphasis in Ohio floristics has been given to the actual existence of plant specimens in herbaria.
However, in the case of Franklin County, it was impossible to ignore 165 vascular taxa recognized in the present survey based
exclusively on Franklin County’s rich literature documentation (Lowden, 1997,1998) No specific mention of Riddell’s (1834)
Catalogue was made by Sullivant (1840) and Selby and Craig (1890), nor were supporting references for exact plant data at the
county level considered part of the scope of the Ohio Flora Project. In an exhaustive way, Riddell’s (1834) Catalogue , which
represents the first county flora west of the Alleghany Mountains, Sullivant’s (1840) Catalogue , and Selby and Craig’s (1890)
Preliminary List have received (along with the more recent Ohio Flora Project) a comprehensive treatment in this current
summary of Franklin County’s vascular flora, thus permitting an exact account of Franklin County’s floristic composition
during the past two centuries. In like maimer, the extensive historical background of Franklin County’s botanical literature and
herbarium records enabled the treatment of its vascular plants in a manual for a flora of central Ohio.

Development of the Franklin County Plant Information System

In the summer of 1988,1 returned to my native Columbus to attend Clara Gertrude Weishaupt’s (1898-1991) 90 th birthday party
(Stuckey, 1988) at The Ohio State University, and to respond to the University’s postdoctoral announcement (ASPT Newsletter
1(1): 11. 1987.) “to collect specimens, pursue herbarium research, and write a manual of the vascular plants of Franklin
County, Ohio.” Shortly after this commemorative event, the month of August was spent searching for all literature pertaining
to Franklin County’s vascular flora, which culminated in a literature survey (April 1989; Lowden unpublished, ii + 251 pp.,
deposited at OS) for the vascular plants of Franklin County. In the spring of 1989, this literature survey (along with approx.
10,000 index cards) was presented to the Department of Plant Biology at The Ohio State University. That same summer,
another search began for herbarium specimens from Franklin County deposited in The Ohio State University Herbarium, other
Ohio herbaria, and the Johnathan Roberts Paddock collection (Lowden, 1997) at the University of Illinois. All specimen labels
were xeroxed and bound in five volumes for research purposes (1,802 pp., deposited at OS). At this moment, fieldwork was
initiated by collecting vascular plants throughout Franklin County, representmg nearly a third (4,072 plant specnnens) of the
total deposited in The Ohio State University Herbarium for Franklin County (Lowden collection numbers 4000-5086). These
herbarium specimens formed the basis for a second survey of the county’s vascular flora, entitled “Herbarium Survey” (April
1990; Lowden unpublished, v + 326 pp., along with approx. 7,000 index cards, deposited at OS).

Having completed both surveys of Franklin County’s vascular flora, literature and herbarium, the foundation had been laid
for the critical study of the taxonomy of the county’s vascular flora under the Franklin County plant information system. This
study took place in the new herbarium facility (OS) of the Museum of Biological Diversity at The Ohio State University, where
two full years (1991-1992) were spent making determinations and checking identifications for more than 14,000 voucher
specnnens from Franklin County. The results of this research were presented in nine volumes as a “Catalogue of the Vascular
Flora of Franklin County, Ohio” (1991-92; Lowden unpublished, 1,908 pp , deposited at OS) following the arrangement of
plant families used in the 8th edition of Gray’s Manual of Botany (Fernald, 1950), the same arrangement employed by the Ohio
Flora Project (Cooperrider, 1984),

While preparing this catalogue of the vascular flora of Franklin County, the 2nd edition of the Manual of the Vascular Plants of
Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada by Gleason and Cronquist (1991) was published. Upon checking identifications
and nomenclature of Franklin County’s vascular plants with this new regional flora, results revealed the necessity to reorganize
my catalogue following the Cronquist System for the classification of flowering plant families, and to consider the presentation
of Franklin County’s vascular flora in the form of a manual for central Ohio plants. Significant state and national floras had
already adopted the widely accepted Cronquist System, just as The Ohio State University Herbarium (OS) had reorganized its
more than 500,000 flowering plant specimens following the phylogenetic family sequence of the Cronquist System.

3

Consequently, with a manual in mind that treats specifically Franklin County’s vascular plants, I decided to reformat for
this purpose the keys and descriptions to families, genera, and species in the 3rd edition of Weishaupt’s (1971) Vascular
Plants of Ohio, updating them according to the Cronquist System using the nomenclature in the Manual of Vascular Plants of
Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada (Gleason and Cronquist, 1991). In the past, Weishaupt’s Vascular Plants of
Ohio has been used with great success by students and teachers in the Local Flora Program at The Ohio State University and its
field station, Franz Theodore Stone Laboratory, Gibraltar Island (in Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie, Ohio). This manual still represents
the only single volume of keys for the identification of Ohio’s vascular flora.

In addition, the abbreviations, glossary, explanation of diagrams, and keys to woody plants presented in Appendices I-III of the
proposed manual were adopted from Clara Weishaupt’s Vascular Plants of Ohio. Keys not treated by Weishaupt were revised
for the genus Crataegus (Braun, 1961, Gleason and Cronquist, 1991), Cardamine flexuosa (Voss, 1985), varieties of Juncus
tenuis (Braun, 1967), and the genus Lenina (Landoll, 1986) Some family names and leads in Weishaupt’s key to plant families
were reformatted according to their accepted family names used under the Cronquist System. Keys to families, genera, and
species are for the most part dichotomous (Fig, 1). All leads in keys were lettered for tracing purposes, thus permitting easy
backtracking of the route taken for identifying a plant. Figure plates of Franklin County’s vascular plants were assembled
using the drawings from The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada
(Gleason, 1952). The permission for the drawings was obtained from the New York Botanical Garden, and the actual preparation
of a manual of the vascular plants of Franklin County began in 1993.

Toward the end of 1995, the prototype of this manual had been formatted on the computer and the above materials (literature
survey, herbarium survey, catalogue, and figures) had all been processed in eight volumes as an “Illustrated Manual of the
Vascular Plants of Franklin County, Ohio” (1993; Lowden, 2,792 pp. + 305 figure plates, deposited at OS). Subsequently, in
1997, “A Central Ohio Flora: Manual of the Vascular Plants of Franklin County” was finished (Jan 1997; Lowden unpublished,
computer formatted, xi + 541 pp., plus 260 plates) and deposited with the Ohio Biological Survey (Museum of Biological
Diversity, The Ohio State University, Columbus). A computer printout of this manual has been tested at The Ohio State
University by students in Plant Biology 210 during the spring quarters of 1995-98 under the direction of Professor Daniel J.
Crawford (Department of Plant Biology).

A Central Ohio Flora: Manual of the Vascular Plants of Franklin County

The information given for all of the 1,590 formally treated species in “A Central Ohio Flora: Manual of the Vascular Plants of
Franklin County” follows a similar format (Fig. 1). Throughout the text, accepted scientific names are in bold type. Brummitt
and Powell (1992) was used to standardize abbreviations of authors after scientific names. All species names (binomial names)
are printed in italics, In general, the order of plant figures is the same as their textual descriptions. Species without an asterisk
before the binomial name are considered native; those with an asterisk are alien. Status and geographical origin are given
for non-indigenous taxa. The dagger sign (j) before 373 taxa in the manual represents rare or endangered plants, for which
Appendix IV of the manual should be consulted for exact reference and status. Common or vernacular names are given for
most species. Diagnostic features distinguish one taxon from another, and are followed with pertinent synonymy. References
may elucidate copied or paraphrased facts about nomenclature, habitats, localities, specific collections, blooming dates, and/or
plant collectors. Herbarium records cite all plant collections reviewed that represent scientific vouchers for the actual proof
of dates, localities, flowering times, and collectors of Franklin County’s vascular plants. In all, a total of 14,080 vascular plant
specimens from the following herbaria were inspected using the dissecting microscope BGSU (40), CLM (444), College of
Wooster (Wooster, Ohio) (171), DEN (2), KE (117), MET (62), MUS (3), BHO (22), OWU (289), CTNC (43), ILL (124), OS
(12,674), and Urbana University (Urbana, Ohio) (89). During the progress of this project, the herbaria of Oberlin College
(Oberlin, Ohio) and Otterbein College (Westerville, Ohio), having 95 and 609 vascular specimens from Franklin County,

4

respectively, were acquired by The Ohio State University. Consequently, these totals have been included under The Ohio State
University Herbarium (OS). At Marietta College (Marietta, Ohio), no vascular specimens were located from Franklin County.
Notes reveal additional information for some species.

cultivation, Cols. Waller & J. H, Schaffner). Not treated by Braun (1967). Iris germanica L. (Common Iris, a
European cultigen). Not mentioned for Franklin Co. by Braun 1967:401.

a Flowering stems usually not more than 15 cm tall, from superficial rhizomes: sepals not bearded, with 3-ridged,
toothed, orange-white crest; perianth blue or violet, rarely white. 1. /. cnstaui
a' Flowering stems taller than 15 cm. from usually deep rhizomes,
b Sepals bearded. /. germanica L.. Common I.
b Sepals not bearded.

c Perianth yellow; petals much shorter than sepals. 2. /. pseudacorus
c' Perianth blue, lilac, or rarely white, sometimes with spots of other color.

d Stem zigzag, shorter than leaves, sometimes decumbent; flowers short-stalked, from all but lowest
axils; capsule 6-angled. J. /. bmneaulis

d Stem erect, with flowers on upper part; axillary flowers long-stalked; capsule 3-angled, inner surface
dull; petals obovate, little shorter than sepals; sepals with bright yellow pubescent blotch at base.
4. /. virgmica var. shrerti

1. Iris cristata Aiton Crested Dwarf Iris

REFERENCE: Selby 1892a 11) (Georfwitle. RVnwr)

NOTE. No ipeameni *ecn from Franklin Co Nor mapped for Franklin Co by Braun 1967 403 (tllm p 400)

2. •Iris pseudacorus L. Yellow Iris. Yellow Water Flag

Naturalized (native of Europe)

Flowers bright yellow; petals much shorter than the unbearded sepals; sepals dark lined towards interior.
HERBARIUM RECORDS 23 May 1933—«k>n| the Okntangy R., Cok, W Gatin. 21 May 1977—r*ampy pound on bank of Ole mangy R_ juft
N of Lane Ave bridge. Coil . W Carr 228, 22 May 1986—OSU campus, E bank of Oteniangy R., N of Drake Union, in mud along edge or rrwer.
a Landing water, Cob., Holland* 042. 28 May 1988—along Oteniangy R.. V, mi. from Beihel Rd A Rl. 315, Cob., KaOy 37. 29 May 1988—OSU
campus, W bank of Oknungy R. between Lane Ave. bridge A Fa woe it Center for Tomorrow, mud flat. T Lammm 0228 (MU. OS); 20 May
1993—bike path along W bank of Oteniangy R.. VS mi. S of Antrim Lake, £ of Rt. 313, Star on TWp., Lowdan 3043
NOTE: Ncx mentioned for Franklin Co by Braun 1967:404 (i)lus. p 402).

3. t Iris bmneaulis Raf Leafy Blue Flag, Lamancc Iris, Zigzag Iris

REFERENCES Braun 1967 404 (Ulus p 403); Sluckey A Roberta 1977 33; Stuckey A Roberta 1982:39, McCance 1984:A-142

NOTE: No speamena teen from Franklin Co.

4. Iris virginica L. var. shrvvei (Small) E.S.Anderson Southern Blue Flag

Sepal bases with a yellow-orange blotch; petals only a Utile shorter than sepals; usually one Lateral branch equaling
main stalk. Syn.: /. shrrvei Small

REFERENCES: Riddell 1834:138 (Mr color, marshes). SulUvanl 184041 (Ins vormotor L.), Selby A Craig 189016 (M» ►■ ucolor L). Braun
1967 404 (illus p 406)

HERBARIUM RECORDS 1840—Cob., Sulivoru. Jun 1887—Cob.. Cnug. Summer 1988—along Big Darby Creek between 1-70 A Little Darby
Creek.

ORCHIDACEAE, Orchid Family

Perennial herbs, terrestrial, often with rhizomes or conns; roots sometimes thickened; some species nongTeen;
leaves solitary or alternate on the stem (or rarely opposite), sometimes aU basal; flowers epigynous, bisporanguic,
solitary or in clusters; perianth zygomorphic; sepals 3, sometimes 2 of them united; petals 3, one of them, the Up,
different from the others in size and shape, sometimes spuned; carpels 3, united; ovary l-loculed with 3 parietal
placentae; fertile stamens 1 or 2 (1 or more siamtnodes sometimes present), adoate to style and stigma and with them
forming the column; poUen in poUinia; fruit a many-seeded capsule.

a Anthers 2; Up petal an inflated sac 2-7 cm long; flowers 1-3. 1. CYFRIPEDIUM
a* Anther 1; Up petal not an inflated sac qi, if somewhat inflated, smaUer.
b Leaves white- or pale-reticulate, in basal rosette. 3. GOODYERA
b 1 Leaves not white- or pale-reticulate.

c Leaves in 1 whorl of usually 5 on the stem; sepals much longer than petals. 7. ISOTR1A

479

Figure 1. Sample page 479 showing format used for the presentation of taxa in “A Central Ohio Flora: Manual of the Vascular
Plants of Franklin County.”

5

In general, the manual’s 674 genera (incl. 43 informally treated) and 1,756 species (incl. 166 informally treated) are ordered
according to Gleason and Cronquist (1991), and numbered. Taxa informally treated are those that receive casual mention in
keys or after descriptions of families, genera, or species. An additional 65 varieties, 15 hybrids, 3 forms, and 2 other variants
below the species rank are recognized. In Appendix V of the Manual 295 plants were considered to be new records.

Sullivant’s 1840 Collections and Adjacent County Records

In “A Central Ohio Flora: Manual of the Vascular Plants of Franklin County,” 376 species have “1840-Columbus, Sullivant”
cited after herbarium records (Fig. 1), of which 343 are further substantiated with other references and/or herbarium records for
Franklin County. Knowing we do not have absolute proof that Sullivant obtained all of these specimens from Franklin County
(Stuckey and Roberts, 1991), the existence of the remaining 33 species in Franklin County rests solely on these historical
specimens labeled “Columbus Ohio 1840 W.S.S.” at The Ohio State University. These 33 species are treated in the following
list, of which 15 species marked with daggers (f) were cited by Sullivant (1840) and retained by Selby and Craig (1890) as
plants collected in adjacent counties. Current knowledge for all listed plants in adjacent counties (Delaware, Fairfield, Licking,
Madison, Pickaway, and Union Counties) is letter abbreviated (bold type) in parentheses after common names of taxa and
based for the most part on voucher specimens used for mapping purposes by the Ohio Flora Project (Braun, 1961, 1967; Fisher,
1988; Cooperrider, 1995; Furlow’s 1991 unpublished “Checklist and Distribution Maps” for the Dicotyledoneae of Ohio, Part
1: Saururaceae through Fabaceae , deposited at OS):

\Betulapumila L., low birch.

Bulbostylis capillar is (L.) C. B. Clarke, sedge (D, F, P).

Carex swanii (Fernald) Mack., sedge (D, F, M).

Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench, leather-leaf (L).

Chelone glabra L. var. Uni folia N. Coleman, turtlehead.
t Cladium mariscoides (Muhl.) Torn, twig-rush.

Cyperus schweinitzii Torn, Schweinitz’s sedge.
fDeschampsia caespitosa (L.) P Beauv., tufted hair grass.

Deschampsiaflexuosa (L.) Trin., crinkled hair grass (F).

■f Drosera rotundifolia L., sundew (L).

Glyceria acutiflora Torr., sharp-glumed manna grass (P).
f Hedyotis purpurea (L.) Torr. & A. Gray, large summer bluets.

Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx., Canada frostweed (F).
t Hypericum gentianoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb., orange-grass (D, F).

Myriophyllum verticillatum L, var pectination Wallr., whorled water-milfoil.

Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton, false garlic,
f Polygonum tenue Michx., knotweed (F, P).

■f Rhamnus alnifolia L’Her, alder-leaved buckthorn,
t Rhododendron maximum L., rosebay rhododendron (F).

Sarraceniapurpurea L., pitcher-plant (L).
t Scleria triglomerata Michx., tall nut-rush,
f Selaginella apoda (L.) Spring, meadow spike-moss.

Sphenopholispensyivanica (L.) Hitchc., swamp-oats.

|Stenanthium gramineum (Ker Gawl.) Morong var. gramineum, featherbells (L).
t Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers., goat’s rue (F, L, P).

Thaspium pinnatifidum (Buckley) A, Gray, cut-leaf meadow-parsnip.

6

Tiarella cordifolici L., foam-flower (F).

^Tofieldia glutinosa (Michx.) Pers., false asphodel,
t Utricularia cornuta Michx., horned blaclderwort.

Utricularia intermedia Hayne, flat-leaved bladderwort.

Valeriana edulis Nutt., prairie valerian.

Vicia carol ini ana Walter, pale vetch (F).

Viola villosa Walter, southern wood violet.

Due to the rarity of these species and to the changes that took place in Franklin County’s physical features during the latter
part of the 18 th and early 19 th centuries (Lowden, 1997), it is not inconceivable that some of the above species might have been
collected by Sullivant in Franklin County and have not been recollected since. On the other hand, it is unlikely that Sullivant
had time to collect all these rare plants for the first time in Franklin County during the collecting season of 1840, considering the
fact that none were cited by him as existing in the county just a few months earlier in his Catalogue (Sullivant, 1840). Surely,
if this had been the case, Sullivant would have anticipated their presence in Franklin County and considered at least some of
these plants, especially those without daggers (f), with special notes as he did for others in his Catalogue.

Perhaps we can safely conclude that Selby and Craig (1890) never had any knowledge of Sullivant’s Columbus 1840 collections
and as such retained 68 plant entries, these 15 species (t) along with 53 others, as plants collected in adjacent counties.
Presently, Madison and Fairfield Counties are the only adjacent counties for which we have known records that Sullivant
collected flowering plants (Stuckey and Roberts, 1991), and they were most likely collected by Sullivant in these two adjacent
counties. The majority of these 15 species do not have current records that reveal their existence in adjacent counties, indicating
that they were perhaps known exclusively by Sullivant for Franklin County’s adjacent counties and have since escaped the
attention of botamsts for these central Ohio counties. It is recommended that these 15 species (f) be left as Sullivant (1840)
cited them in his Catalogue, as “plants collected in adjacent counties” and not in Franklin County, until other data presents itself
that further substantiates their existence in Franklin County, or otherwise.

It should be kept in mind that some plants collected by Sullivant in Franklin County’s adjacent counties (Sullivant, 1840) were
also collected by him at other localities elsewhere in Ohio (Stuckey and Roberts, 1991). This was the case for Betidapumila
(Sullivant referred to this plant as B. glandulosa Michx.), Rhamnus alnifolia, and Sullivantia sullivantii (Torr. & A. Gray)

Britton [“ Heuchera? _P f (3.)”; Sullivant’s (1840) Catalogue, p. 20, 57], Plants of the former two species were collected

m “Champaign County at Cedar Bog, 6 mi. south of Urbana; 50 mi. from Columbus” and the latter namesake on the limestone
cliffs of the rocky fork of Pamt Creek in Highland County. Pale vetch (Vicia caroliniana ), although not cited in Sullivant’s
Catalogue, was collected by Sullivant at Lancaster in Fairfield County in 1840, and “seen along the sandy shore of Lake Erie
or in the tamarack bogs of northeastern Ohio” (Stuckey and Roberts, 1991). Only in recent times has Vicia caroliniana been
collected in Franklin County (Alum Creek Drive and Bixby Road, along N side of Big Walnut Creek, 200 m from road, 17 Apr
1981, Lawrence Alhanese 5 OS).

On the other hand, concerning those species without daggers in the aforesaid list, Sullivant (1840) gave specific footnote

information on pages 59 and 60 of his Catalogue for two entries, “Valeriana _(sp. nov.) (17.)” [=V. edulis Nutt.] and

“Utricularia intermedia, Heyne. (22.)” [U. intermedia Hayne], both species taken from “Cedar Swamp, six miles south of
Urbana” in Champaign County, and not from Franklin County and its adjacent counties. Selby and Craig (1890) treated U.
intermedia along with plants collected outside Franklin County by Sullivant. In like manner, Stuckey and Roberts (1991)
have documented from Sullivant’s letter to Charles W. Short of Louisville, Kentucky (27 August 1840; Short Papers, Filson
Club, Louisville) and from other herbarium records that Sullivant collected plants of leather-leaf (Chamaedaphne calyculatci),
Schweinitz’s sedge (Cyperus schweinitzii), crinkled hair-grass (Deschampsia flexuosa ), and pitcher-plant (Sarraceniapurpurea)
“along the sandy shores of Lake Erie or in the tamarack bogs of northeastern Ohio” in Erie and Cuyahoga Counties; and false

7

garlic ( Nothoscordum bivalve ) near Springfield in Clark County. Consequently, at least those Sullivant specimens marked
“Columbus Ohio 1840 W.S.S.” (OS) for these 7 species were collected in these Ohio counties, and not in Franklin County.
Thus, 10 plants without daggers in the aforesaid list (Bulbostylis capillar is. Car ex swanii, Che/one glabra var, linifolia, Glyceria
acutiflora , Helianthemum canadense, Myriophvllum verticillatum var. pectination, Sphenopholis pensylvanica, Thaspium
pinnatifidum, Tiarella cordifolia, and Viola villosa ) remain with an uncertain existence in Franklin County.

In Sullivant’s (1840) Catalogue, a total of 90 entries were “inserted” as plants collected in adjacent counties, based on the
assumption that many would be found eventually in Franklin County. At present, 62 of these 90 entries have been noted as such
under recognized species in “A Central Ohio Flora: Manual of the Vascular Plants of Franklin County” and represent additions
to the vascular flora of Franklin County since Sullivant’s time, 14 of which are credited to Selby and Craig’s (1890) Preliminary
List (Lowden, 1998 ). All of these 62 entries except for the 15 marked with daggers in the aforesaid list have further references
and/or herbarium records that substantiate their existence in the County Concerning the remaining 28 entries, perhaps 6 could
have possible occurrence in Franklin County. These are Alnus serrulata Willd. (F, L), Betula Ienta L. (F, L), Car ex plantaginea
Lam. (F), Gentianapuberula Michx. (=G. piibenilentci J. Pringle) (M), Polygala incarnata L, (F), and Polypodium vulgare L.
( =P. virgimanum L.) (F, L). Even though no proof exists for their presence in Franklin County, future studies might disclose
their existence, thus adding to the total number of species in the County based on Sullivant’s prediction that “many of which,
no doubt, will ultimately be found” in Franklin County. To date, 75% of the plants collected in adjacent counties by Sullivant
(1840) have been accounted for under the present survey; and 274 Sullivant specimens in The Ohio State University Herbarium
(OS) along with 11 in other Ohio herbaria (CLM, Urbana University), have been associated with the 853 or more plant entries
in Sullivant’s (1840) Catalogue, thus documenting the importance of Sullivant’s 1840 collections for approximately 33.41%
of the plant entries in his Catalogue.

Comparative Analysis of Franklin County’s Vascular Flora

Table 1 summarizes the vascular plant treatments of Franklin County (Riddell, 1834, 1835a, 1835b, 1836; Sullivant, 1840;
Craig, 1890; Selby and Craig, 1890; Selby, 1891, 1892; Kellerman and Werner, 1893; Werner, 1893; Wilcox, 1895) tabulating
the number of native and alien species determined in this historical review (Lowden, 1997, 1998) for 154 vascular plant
families belonging to five plant divisions whose phylogenetic sequence follows Gleason and Cronquist (1991). Comparative
totals for treatments are given in Table 2 for 12 fern/fern-relative families, 5 gymnosperm families, and 113 dicotyledonous
and 24 monocotyledonous flowering plant families represented in this summary, along with totals for each treatment. Since
certain family names (Table 1) might easily be overlooked due to acceptable alternative names or dispositions, for the sake
of convenience, these names are highlighted as follows: Polypodiaceae (incl. Dennstaedtiaceae, Adiantaceae, Asplemaceae,
Onocleaceae, and Blechnaceae); Nelumbonaceae and Cabombaceae apart from Nymphaeaceae; Clusiaceae for Hypericaceae
(Guttiferae); Brassicaceae for Cruciferae; Hydrangeaceae and Grossulariaceae apart from Saxifragaceae (incl. Penthorum );
Mimosaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, and Fabaceae for Leguminosae; Comaceae includes Nyssaceae ( Nyssa ); Apiaceae for
Umbelliferae; Lamiaceae for Labiatae; Asteraceae for Compositae; Potamogetonaceae and Zannichelliaceae apart from
Zosteraceae; Poaceae for Gramineae; and Agavaceae and Smilacaceae apart from Liliaceae (incl. Amaryllidaceae).

In Franklin County, the greatest number of species occur in the Composite Family (Asteraceae: 204), Grass Family (Poaceae:
141), Sedge Family (Cyperaceae: 113), Rose Family (Rosaceae: 70), Pea or Bean Family (Fabaceae: 63), Mustard Family
(Brassicaceae: 57), and Mint Family (Lamiaceae: 51). These same families are represented in like order in the Ohio flora.
Other outstanding families in Franklin County include the Figwort Family (Scrophulariaceae: 42), Lily Family (Liliaceae: 42),
Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae: 38), Carrot Family (Apiaceae: 28), Pink Family (Caryophyllaceae: 28), Smartweed Family
(Polygonaceae: 27), Willow Family (Salicaceae: 27), Orchid Family (Orchidaceae: 26), Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae:
21), and Violet Family (Violaceae: 18).

8

Table 1. Current summary of the treatments of Franklin County’s vascular flora, showing the number of native and alien
species cited in each plant family arranged according to the Cronquist System (Gleason and Cronquist, 1991).

DIVISION- CLASS

Riddell 1834-36

Sullivant 1840

Selby & Craig 1890*

Present Survey

Family

native

alien

native

alien

native

alien

native

alien

LYCOPODIOPHYTA

Lycopodiaceae

2

1

1

4

Selaginellaceae

1

EQUISETOPHYTA

Equisetaceae

3

3

3

5

POLYPODIOPHYTA

Ophioglossaceae

2

2

3

4

Osmundaceae

2

3

3

3

Dennstaedtiaceae

2

1

2

2

Adiantaceae

2

2

2

3

1

Aspleniaceae

11

14

16

18

Onocleaceae

1

1

1

1

Blechnaceae

1

1

Marsileaceae

1

Salviniaceae

1

PINOPHYTA

Ginkgo aceae

1

Taxaceae

1

1

1

Pinaceae

1

3

3

Taxodiaceae

1

Cupressaceae

2

2

2

2

MAGNOLIOPHYTA:

MAGNOLIOPSIDA

Magnoliaceae

2

2

2

Annonaceae

1

1

1

1

Calycanthaceae

1

Lauraceae

2

2

2

2

Saururaceae

1

1

1

1

Aristolochiaceae

2

2

2

2

Nelumbonaceae

1

1

1

Nymphaeaceae

2

1

1

2

Cabombaceae

1

Ceratophyllaceae

2

1

1(2)

2

Ranunculaceae

26

3

22

1

26 (27)

3(4)

31

7

Berberidaceae

3

3

3

3

1

Menispermaceae

1

1

1

1

9

DIVISION- CLASS

Riddell 1834-36

Sullivant 1840

Selby & Craig 1890*

Present Survey

Family

native

alien

native

alien

native

alien

native

alien

MAGNOLIOPSIDA (cont.)

Papaveraceae

1

1

1

2

1

2

3

Fumariaceae

3

3

3

3

1

Platanaceae

1

1

1

1

1

Hamamelidaceae

1

1

1

0(1)

1

1

Ulmaceae

3

3

4

4

Cannabaceae

2

2

2

3

Moraceae

1

1

1

0(1)

1

2

Urticaceae

4

5

5

5

Juglandaceae

6

7

7

8

1

Fagaceae

8

8

11

14

Betulaceae

3

3

3

4

1

Phytolaccaceae

1

1

1

1

Nyctaginaceae

2

Chenopodiaceae

3

1

3

2

4

2

9

Amaranthaceae

1

1

1

1

2

4

2

4

Portulacaceae

1

1

1

1

1(2)

1

2

2

Molluginaceae

1

1

1

1

Caryophyllaceae

6

4

9

4

10

6(7)

12

16

Polygonaceae

10

7

10

7

14

7

16

11

Clusiaceae

5

1

3

1

6

1

8

1

Tiliaceae

1

1

1

2

Malvaceae

5

2

3

2

4

2

10

Sarraceniaceae

1

Droseraceae

1

Cistaceae

1

Violaceae

6

1

6

1

9

2

15

3

Passifloraceae

1

1

1

1

Cucurbitaceae

2

2

2

2

1

Salicaceae

6

1

3

10(11)

3(4)

19

8

Capparaceae

1

1

1

1

Brassicaceae

7

8

13

5

17

15

20

37

Ericaceae

6

1

2

10

Pyrolaceae

4

1

2

4

Monotropaceae

1

1

2

2

Ebenaceae

1

1

1

Styracaceae

1

Primulaceae

5

1

7

7

1

8

2

10

DIVISION- CLASS

Riddell 1834-36

Sullivant 1840

Selby & Craig 1890*

Present Survey

Family

native

alien

native

alien

native

alien

native

alien

MAGNOLIOPSIDA (cont.)

Hydrangeaceae

1

1

1

1

2

Grossulariaceae

1

2

2

3

2

Crassulaceae

1

1

1

1

2

3

Saxifragaceae

5

5

6

8

Rosaceae

27

3

24

2

29

4(7)

48

22

Mimosaceae

1

Caesalpiniaceae

5

6

6

7

Fabaceae

19

5

23

3

27 (28)

10(11)

36

27

Elaeagnaceae

2

Haloragaceae

0(2)

3

Lythraceae

2

4

5

6

1

Thymelaeaceae

1

1

1

Onagraceae

9

7

7(8)

11

2

Cornaceae

5

3

7

9

Santalaceae

1

1

1

1

Celastraceae

3

3

3

3

2

Aquifoliaceae

1

1

1

2

Euphorbiaceae

5

2

5

1

6

4

7

8

Rhamnaceae

1

2

2

3

1

Vitaceae

4

3

4

5

1

Linaceae

1

1

2

1

2

1

Polygalaceae

3

2

3

3

Staphyleaceae

1

1

1

1

Sapindaceae

2

Hippocastanaceae

1

2

2

2

1

Aceraceae

4

3

5

6

1

Anacardiaceae

4

4

4

6

1

Simaroubaceae

1

1

Rutaceae

2

2

2

2

Zygophyllaceae

1

Oxalidaceae

3

1

2

3

4

1

Geraniaceae

1

1

2

1

3

3

Limnanthaceae

1

1

1

1

Balsaminaceae

2

1

2

2

2

1

Araliaceae

4

3

3

4

Apiaceae

14

3

17

18

3

21

7

Gentianaceae

4

4

5

5

11

DIVISION- CLASS

Riddell 1834-36

Sullivant 1840

Selby & Craig 1890*

Present Survey

Family

native

alien

native

alien

native

alien

native

alien

MAGNOLIOPSIDA (cont.)

Apocynaceae

3

2

2

3

1

Asclepiadaceae

7

6

10

13

1

Solanaceae

2

2

2

2

4(5)

5(6)

5

11

Convolvulaceae

2

2

3

4

1(2)

4

4

Cuscutaceae

1

1

1

4

1

Menyanthaceae

1

1

1

Polemoniaceae

6

5

6

7

Hydrophyllaceae

5

5

6

6

Boraginaceae

4

2

4

3

6

5

7

7

Verbenaceae

4

4

6

6

2

Lamiaceae

25

5

24

5

30

8

36

15

Callitrichaceae

3

Plantaginaceae

1

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

Oleaceae

3

1

3

4

4

4

Scrophulariaceae

15

5

20

6

22

6

24

18

Orobanchaceae

1

2

3

3

Acanthaceae

3

2

2

3

Pedaliaceae

1

1

1

1

Bignoniaceae

1

1

1

0(1)

1

2

Lentibulariaceae

1

1

1

3

Campanulaceae

9

8

8

9

1

Rubiaceae

11

8

12

16

1

Caprifoliaceae

8

1

7

9

1

14

7

Valerianaceae

1

1

2

1

2

1

3

3

Dipsacaceae

1

1

1

2

Asteraceae

79

13

72

7

109

29 (32)

139

65

MAGNOLIOPHYTA:

LILIOPSIDA

Butomaceae

1

Alismataceae

2

2

3

5

Hydrocharitaceae

2

1

1(2)

2

Juncaginaceae

2

2

2

Potamogetonaceae

4

2

3

9

1

Najadaceae

1

2

1

Zannichelliaceae

1

Acoraceae

1

1

1

1

Araceae

4

3

3

5

12

DIVISION- CLASS

Riddell 1834-36

Sullivant 1840

Selby & Craig 1890*

Present Survey

Family

native

alien

native

alien

native

alien

native

alien

LILIOPSIDA (cont.)

Lemnaceae

1

1

3

8

Xyridaceae

1

1

Commelinaceae

1

1

1

1

1

Juncaceae

3

5

8

1

10

2

Cyperaceae

1

64

77 (78)

112

1

Poaceae

45

16

62 (64)

23 (25)

88

53

Sparganiaceae

2

2

4

Typhaceae

1

1

1

2

Pontederiaceae

2

1

1

3

Liliaceae

21

23

23

4(5)

30

12

Agavaceae

1

Smilacaceae

3

2

3

5

Dioscoreaceae

1

1

1

1

Iridaceae

2

3

3

5

2

Orchidaceae

13

13

17

26

^Included are additions to Selby & Craig’s “Preliminary List of the Plants of Franklin County” made by Selby (1891, 1892),
Werner (1893) and Wilcox (1895). Numbers in parentheses show increases in these numbers of species based on plants re¬
ported by Craig (1890) and/or Kellerman & Werner (1893).

The present survey (Table 1) reveals 28.86% of Franklin County’s flora is alien, most largely represented in seven dicotyledonous
families (Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Lamiaceae) and two
monocotyledonous families (Poaceae and Liliaceae). At present, the origin of Franklin County’s alien flora is predominantly
European (35%), Eurasian (32%), and Asian (10%). However, 14% comes from the United States, 5% from Middle and South
America, and 4% is unknown (mostly cultivated). Half (52%) of the county’s alien flora has been considered naturalized.

Three time periods are recognized (Tables 1-2) in this comparative survey of Franklin County’s vascular flora: up to and
through 1840, after 1840 through 1900, and after 1900 through 1997. Tabulations for the number of species belonging to one or
a combination of these three periods were made using dates of references and/or herbarium records cited for the 1,590 (1,131
native, 459 alien) species formally treated in “A Central Ohio Flora: Manual of the Vascular Plants of Franklin County.” Thus,
based on these data, the number of species known for Franklin County at the end of each time period was formulated as follows:
1,028 (907 native, 121 alien) by 1840; 1,227 (975 native, 252 alien) by 1900. Further analysis of references and herbarium
records for species reveals: 82 (77 native, 5 alien) exclusive to period through 1840; 58 (34 native, 24 alien) exclusive to period
after 1840 through 1900; and 301 (93 native, 208 alien) exclusive to period after 1900 through 1997. Data of species based on
combinations of these three periods discloses: 116 (109 native, 7 alien) recognized in the first 2 periods but not seen since 1900;
264 (146 native, 118 alien) recognized after 1840; and 1,094 (867 native, 227 alien) established in Franklin County since the
first period, of which 41 (35 native, 6 alien) were not reconfirmed for the second period.

Even Sullivant had communicated to John Torrey (letter of 7 Nov 1839; NY) that he collected “all the plants (near 1000)” in
the vicinity of Columbus (Lowden, 1997). This total of 1,000 plants is verified above for the period through 1840. Likewise,

13

a similar estimate of 1,021 plants can be made using data from this survey by summing the 731 species Sullivant determined
in this current summary (Table 2) with the 177 species reported by Riddell but not by Sullivant, and the 113 species for which
herbarium records exist through 1840 without reference to Sullivant or Riddell. If this is the case, then 1,028 represents a fair
estimate for the number of species growing in Franklin County when the first white settlers arrived.

Originally, Selby and Craig (1890) totaled 1,002 species in Franklin County, and Selby (1899) tabulated all additions since
1890, giving a new total of 1,142 vascular taxa in the County (Lowden, 1998). The above accumulative total of 1,227 indicates
more species were existing in Franklin County at the turn of the 19th century. Likewise, Selby’s (1899) calculation for a gain
in Sullivant’s list “amounting to 353 [371] species,” equaling a 32.5% increase in the known flora since 1840, and his “16.7
percent [16.1%]” for alien plants, are not exact figures if we consider the actual numbers of species cited in the present survey
located in Franklin County through 1840 and 1900. Based on present findings, by the turn of the 19th century, only a 16.2%
increase in the known flora had occurred since 1840, and present data reveals a 25.7% increase since 1900. In like manner, the
following figures are considered to be closer approximations for the county’s non-indigenous flora: 11.8% by 1840 and 20.5%
by 1900.

Table 2. Totals for the comparative summary of the treatments of Franklin County’s vascular flora showing the number of
native and alien species in each major plant group along with total species recognized.

Conclusions

Although the overall focus of the ongoing Ohio Flora Project, under the direction of the Ohio Flora Committee of the Ohio
Academy of Science (Cooperrider, 1984), has been at the state level, it has contributed substantial county data based on herbarium
vouchers represented by dot maps. Braun (1961, 1967), Fisher (1988), and Cooperrider (1995) have treated for Franklin County,
159 woody species (incl. 4 gymnosperms), 225 monocotyledons (monocots), 403 dicotyledons (dicots) from the Linaceae through
the Campanulaceae, and 156 dicots from Asteraceae, respectively. Furlow mapped (1991, unpublished checklist) 332 dicots for
Franklin County. At present, less than half of the known vascular taxa for Franklin County has been published under the Ohio Flora
Project. Considering only those volumes of “The Vascular Flora of Ohio” finished under the Ohio Flora Project, the present survey
presents a 46% increase in the number of monocots treated for Franklin County in Volume 1, the Monocotyledoneae, Cat-tails to
Orchids (Braun, 1967); and for the Dicotyledoneae in Volume 2, a 21% increase over those treated in Part 2: Linaceae through
Campanulaceae (Cooperrider, 1995), and a 27% increase over those treated in Part 3: Asteraceae (Fisher, 1988).

14

The scope of the Ohio Flora Project over the past 50 years has been the treatment of the vascular flora of the state; however, the
ferns and gymnosperms have not been the focus of interest. Despite this discrepancy, an estimate can be made of the number
of vascular plants in Ohio considering the 75 ferns and 16 gymnosperms recognized by Weishaupt (1971). Adding these totals
to the 650 (-700) monocots (Braun,1967), 743 (-789) dicots (FurloW’s 1991 unpublished checklist), 700 dicots (Cooperrider,
1995), and 276 dicots (Fisher, 1988) reveals, at present, an estimated total of 2,556 vascular plants in the state of Ohio

The present survey of Franklin County’s vascular flora reports a total of 1,756 vascular plants, of which 1,590 are formally
treated in keys. Sixteen percent (16%) of these plants represent new records (Appendix V of the Manual), of which 62% were
based on records after 1900. The knowledge of Franklin County’s vascular plants as presented in this inventory of the County’s
flora discloses that two-thirds of the vascular flora of the state of Ohio has existed at one time or another in Franklin County
during the past two centuries.

These increases in plant reports for Franklin County beyond those recorded by the Ohio Flora Project are supportive of the
belief that fieldwork and taxonomic studies at the county level can be quite productive Even Sullivant (1840) alluded to the
importance of county floras when he stated, “Many interesting facts, illustrating the subject of Botanical Geography, would be
made known by local catalogues of plants, such as is here attempted.” Beyond any doubt, future research at the county level
will enhance our knowledge of state floristics. Continuous urban development in Franklin County places it, as it does for many
of Ohio counties, in a constant flux as to the actual number of species considered to be true inhabitants. Surprisingly, the large
number of vascular plants recognized for Franklin County was responsible, in part, for the treatment of its vascular flora in a
manual that serves not only this county but those with similar floristic compositions in the central Ohio area.

Most appropriate here are the words in memory of Arthur Cronquist (Barkley, 1992): “Our generation of biologists has the
privilege of remembering Art as one of the most able and influential botanists of our time. Posterity will liken him to Asa Gray,
for Arthur Cronquist was as important to the science of our century as was Asa Gray to the science of his.” “A Central Ohio
Flora: Manual of the Vascular Plants of Franklin County” not only represents a nomenclaturally updated portion of Weishaupt’s
manual, but is the first complete vascular plant manual in Ohio to follow the Cronquist System. It is inevitable that once the
ongoing Ohio Flora Project is finished, the work will begin to update and reorganize its outstanding systematic treatments
accordingly—a task undoubtedly for the 21st century.

Acknowledgements

This study as well as the Franklin County plant information system was patronized by the outstanding contributions made
by the Bill & Edith Walter Foundation. I personally thank James E. Lane (Foundation President and Trustee) and Betty B.
Lane (Trustee) for their continuous support and confidence that made possible this taxonomic inspection of the diversity of
Franklin County’s vascular plant heritage during the past two centuries. Great praise goes to Jim, who found this project to be
consistent with his longtime interest in natural history'. Other substantial contributions were made by The Ohio State University
(College of Biological Sciences, Office of Research and Graduate Studies, Quincentennial Committee, and Department of Plant
Biology), Columbus Foundation, Ohio Biological Survey, Wolfe Associates, Mrs. Jane Ellis, the Jeffrey Fund of the Columbus
Foundation, and Ronald L. Stuckey.

The College of Biological Sciences of The Ohio State University is acknowledged for the administrative functions performed
by Tod F. Stuessy (former Director of the Herbarium), Anne Kochman (Development Officer), and Ralph Boerner (Chairperson
of the Department of Plant Biology). At the university’s Museum of Biological Diversity, sincere thanks is extended to Daniel
J. Crawford (Herbarium Director), John Furlow (Herbarium Supervisor), and Brian J. Armitage (Director of Ohio Biological
Survey) and Charles King (former Director), Use of the herbarium facilities at the Museum of Biological Diversity is recognized,

15

where the author is most grateful to Ronald L. Stuckey for making available books, maps, letters, and manuscripts from his
personal library and historical files. It was Dr. Stuckey who brought to my attention the interest of the Department of Plant
Biology to realize this study of Franklin County’s vascular flora. Data entries to the Franklin County plant information system
were developed at the Flerbarium (OS) of the Museum under the computer guidance of John Furlow and John W. Frederick,
whose services were most appreciated.

Literature Cited

Barkley, T. M. 1992. In memoriam. Arthur Cronquist: an appreciation. Bull. Torrey Botanical Club 119(4): 458-463.

Braun, E. L. 1961. The woody plants of Ohio: trees, shrubs, and woody climbers, native, naturalized, and escaped. Columbus.
Braun, E. L. 1967. The Monocotyledoneae [of Ohio], cat-tails to orchids, with Gramineae by C. G. Weishaupt. Columbus.
Brumniitt, R. K., and Powell, C. E. 1992. Authors of plant names: a list of authors of scientific names of plants, with
recommended standard forms of their names, including abbreviations. Great Britain.

Cooperrider, T. S. 1984. Ohio herbaria and the Ohio flora project. Ohio J. Sci. 84: 189-196.

Cooperrider, T. S. 1995. The Dicotyledoneae of Ohio, Part 2: Linaceae through Campanulaceae. Columbus.

Craig, M. 1890 (May ). A catalogue of the uncultivated flowering plants growing on The Ohio State University grounds. Bull.

OhioAgric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Ser. 1(2): 49-110.

Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray’s Manual of Botany, 8th ed. New York.

Fisher, T. R. 1988. The Dicotyledoneae of Ohio, Part 3: Asteraceae. Columbus.

Gleason, H. A. 1952. The new Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada.
New York.

Gleason, H. A. and Cronquist, A. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 2nd
ed. New York.

Kellerman, W. A. 1899. The fourth state catalogue of Ohio plants. Ohio State Univ. Bull. Ser. 4, No. 10; Bot. Ser. 1-65 pp.
Kellerman, W. A., and Werner, W. C. 1893. Corrections and additions to Moses Craig’s catalogue of the uncultivated flowering
plants growing on The Ohio State University grounds. Bull. OhioAgric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Ser. 1(3): 224-232.

Landolt, E. 1986. Biosystematic investigations in the family of duckweeds (Lemnaceae), 2; the family of Lemnaceae—a
monographic study, I. Zurich.

Lowden, R. M. 1970. William Ashbrook Kellerman’s Botanical Expeditons to Guatemala (1905-1908). Taxon 19: 19-35.
Lowden, R. M. 1997. Riddell, Sullivant, and the early botanical exploration of Franklin County, Ohio, U.S.A. (1832-1840).
Taxon 46: 689-703.

Lowden, R. M. 1998. Renewed interest in the vascular plants of Franklin County, Ohio (U.S.A.), 1882-1899. Taxon 47: 647-
656.

Meyer, B. S. 1983. Botany at The Ohio State University: the first 100 years. Columbus.

Riddell, J. L. 1834. Catalogue of plants, growing spontaneously in Franklin County, Central Ohio, excluding grasses, mosses,
lichens, fungi, etc. W, Med. Gaz. 2(3-4): 116-120,154-159.

Riddell, J. L. 1835a. A synopsis of the flora of the western states. W. J. Med. Phys. Sci. 8: 329-374. “1834” [1835]; 8: 489-
556.1835.

Riddell, J. L. 1835b. A synopsis of the flora of the western states. Cincinnati [separately paginated reprint].

Riddell, J. L. 1836. A supplementary catalogue of Ohio plants. W. J. Med. Phys. Sci. 9: 567-592. (Reprinted and repaginated
1836. Cincinnati.)

Selby, A. D. 1891. Report of the committee on botany: additions to preliminary list of the plants of Franklin County; Ohio. J.
Columbus Hort. Soc. 6: 111 a-111.

Selby, A. D. 1892. Report of the committee on botany: additions to Franklin County plants. J. Columbus Hort. Soc. 7: 109-111.
Selby, A. D. 1893. A peculiar Hydrophyllum. J. Columbus Hort. Soc. 8(3-4): 128-130, t.2.

Selby, A. D., and Craig, M. 1890 (December). A preliminary list of the plants of Franklin County, Ohio. J. Columbus Hort.
Soc. 5(2): 1-19.

16

Stuckey, R. L. 1988. Clara Gertrude Weishaupt, pp. 7-13. In: Stuckey, R. L., and King, C., Happy 90th birthday Clara! 20 July
1988. Ohio Biol. Surv., Columbus.

Stuckey, R. L., and Roberts, M. L. 1991. Frontier botanist: William Starling Sullivanf s flowering-plant botany of Ohio
(1830-1850). Sida Bot. Misc. 6.

Sullivant, W. S. 1840. A catalogue of plants, native or naturalized, in the vicinity of Columbus, Ohio. Columbus.

Voss, E. G. 1985. Michigan Flora, Part 2: Dicots (Saururaceae-Comaceae). Bloomfield Hills.

Weishaupt, C. G. 1971. Vascular Plants of Ohio: A Manual for Use in Field and Laboratory, 3rd ed. Iowa.

Werner, W. C. 1893. Report of the committee on botany: additions to Franklin County plants. J. Columbus Hort. Soc. 8: 93.
Wilcox, E. M. 1895. The flora of the Columbus commons (the annual report of the committee on botany). J. Columbus Hort.
Soc. 10: 137-138.

Williams, E. 1994. A preface to biological collections. American Paleontologist 2(2): 1-2.

17