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vol. 1-6
1903-08

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Mycological Bulletin

VOLUMES 1-VI

W. A. KELLERMAN.

LIBRARY
NEW YORK
BOTANICAI

GARDEN.

Val, i-b&
\903-0§
CORRECTIONS.

Fig. 42 (p. 37). Pa’-nus dor-sa’-lis should be changed to
Clau’-do-pus nid’-u-lans.

Fig. 82 (p. 99). Correct spelling to Bo-try-o-spo’-ri-um
pul’-chrum.

Fig. 159 (p. 20). Ge-as’-ter trip’-lex should be Ge-as’-ter
min’-i-ma.

Fig. 191 (p. 244). Change Pan-ae’-o-lus cam-pan-u-la’-tus
to Stro-pha’-ri-a sem-i-glo-bo’-sa.

Ohio Mycological Bulletin

(Nos. « to 12)

eae

VOLUME I
LQO3

ie

W. A. KELLERMAN, Pb. D.
Ohio State University

a

Entered as Second Class Matter, Postoffice, Columbus, Ohio.

University ‘Bulletin, Botanical Series No. 24.

ProFESSOR CHARLES H. PECK,

State Botanist of New York, and eminent American Mycologist.

RAR"
YORK

University Bulletin, Series 7, No. 12. Botanical Series No. 17

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 1

W. A. Kellerman, Ph.D., Ohio State University,

Columbus, Ohio, March 7, 1903.

INTRODUCTORY. — Many of the Mushrooms, Toadstools, Morels,
Puffballs, Coral-fungi, etc., are conspicuous objects. Others are
more retiring, often very small, and seen only when search is made. It
is not until one heeds the various forms, seeks out and enumerates the
kinds, that it is realized what a large number may occur in a small area
of favorable country.

Not the least interesting fact in connection with these curious, often
beautiful plants, is that they are mostly edible, palatable, even delicious.
A few kinds however are poisonous. It is interesting to study these
attractive plants; it is really necessary to do.so if one wishes to use the
edible and avoid the poisonous kinds. To introduce this study and to
aid those who have already begun is the purpose of the On10 MycoLocicaL
BULLETIN.

Those who are willing to join in this work, who have sufficient interest
in the Toadstools and Mushrooms to wish to know more about them,
who may desire perhaps now and then to send specimens, or who wish
the BuLLertiIn — which will be issued from time to time — will be enrolled
as members of the Onto MycoLocicaL CLus. Fee, 10 cents.

agree

WORDS EXPLAINED. — The word fun’-gus (pronounce the second
syllable as in the word “bo-gus’’) is used to indicate any of the kinds
mentioned above; in fact fungi (pronounced fun’-ji, the 7 is long) include
all these and other species also, as the Moulds, Mildews, Rusts, Smuts,
Peach-curl, Apple-scab, Bacteria, etc. We will generally use the word
fun-gus (pl. fun-gi) but the reader may say, if preferred, Mushrooms
and Toadstools. Do not imagine that only the kinds good to eat are
Mushrooms, and the bad species Toadstools —though some people try to
use the words in this way only; the two words may be used interchangeably
and properly signify one and the same thing. The Mushrooms or Toad-
stools with various other conspicuous species are called the HtcHrr FuNatI;
this is by way of contrast to the less conspicuous, often microscopic forms,
as Moulds, Bacteria, Leaf-spot fungi, ete.

&

KINDS OR GROUPS OF FUNGI. — Collect some fun-gi (or Mush-
rooms) and after carefully inspecting them decide to which of the
following group each belongs; (take several similar lessons for practice).
1. GILL-FUNGI (the botanical name is A-gar-i-ca’-ce-ae) — having flat

plates called la-mel-lae or gills, as in figure 1.
PORE-FUNGI (or Pol-y-po-ra’-ce-ae) — with pores in place of gills,
as shown in figure 2.
3. SPINE-FUNGI (or Hyd-na’-ce-ae) — having soft spines instead of
gills or pores; figure 3.
4. CORAL-FUNGI (Cla-var-i-a’-ce-ae) — branching or shrub-like in
form, as shown in figure 4.

bo

Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, O.

2 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 1.

5. CARRION-FUNGI (Phal-la’-ce-ae) —as represented in figure 5 and
having a disgusting odor.

6. PUFF-BALLS (Ly-co-per-da’-ce-ae) — globular, oval, or _pear-

shaped, when old filled with powder (spores); figure 6.

ogi ty fe tpi :
or, ve »
ue

i“ - Ne

AN
fh}

ue

NG Ny

hi ti

Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig 4.
Gill-fungus. Pore-fungus. Spine-fungus. Coral-fungus.

7. EARTH-STARS (Ly-co-per-da’-ce-ae) —these are peculiar small
Puff-balls called Ge’-as-ters, which means Earth-stars, shown in
figure 7.

> (GU) less cup-like in shape,

usually small; shown in figure 8.
9. MO-RELS (Hel-vel-la’-ce-ae) — peculiar shape as shown in figure 9.

vey

USEFUL BOOKS. — Three illustrated Manuals may be recommended
to those who are old enough or have experience enough to use them to
advantage. Of course everyone can profit by inspecting the excellent
pictures even if the text seems too difficult.

The plainest and perhaps most usable Manual for beginners is Nina
Marshall’s Mushroom Book. Price $3.00. The size is 7x10 inches and
one inch thick. Pages 167. It has an extended and fully illustrated key

Fig 8 Fig. 5. Fig. 9. Fig. 6. Fig. 7.
Cup-fungus. Carrion-fungus. Morel. Fuff-ball. Earth-star.

for determining the families, genera and species. There are many full-
page plates; some are half-tones; many colored plates.

Atkinson’s Mushrooms Edible and Poisonous is an admirable book;
written by a specialist yet may be used satisfactorily by the general
student. The book is 6}x9} inches, 1} inch thick. Pages 322. Price
$3.00. Only a few of the plates are colored, but the numerous half-tones
are fine. Some sample illustrations from this book will be shown in the
next BULLETIN.

A larger and more expensive book is McIlvaine & Macadam’s One
Thousand American Fungi; everyone should have access to it. Price

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 1.

(SS)

$5.00. It is 74%x10% inches, and 3 inches thick. Pages 729. There are
figures of 278 species. Many of the plates are colored. This book
especially (and indeed all of the above) should be purchased by your Public
Library; and it is hoped too that many books will be ordered by the
members of the Club.

It has been arranged to give the Mempers of the Onto MycovocicaL
CLup a considerable rebate on all or any one of the above, provided pay-
ment is sent to Mr. L. S. Wells, bookseller, Columbus, Ohio. He will
deliver the books, prepaid, as follows: on the Mushroom Book ($3.00),
a rebate of 20 cents; on Mushrooms Edible and Poisonous ($3.00), a rebate
of 40 cents; and on One Thousand American Fungi ($5.00), a rebate of
20 cents.

SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS. — It is urged that every teacher
of Botany devote several lessons at regular intervals in the course, to the
Musuroos. Have the pupils bring in ample quantity of all kinds that
can be found — unfortunately they are not so abundant in early spring
as later —and in the class room sketch the plants and name the parts;
if feasible, use water-colors, and paint the figures true to nature;
contrast the several species found, take full and neat notes including
the exact habitats, it being desirable to state always the environment of
the specimen — woods, grove, roadside, pasture, on wood, stump, rotten
logs, in sandy or wet soil, in shade, etc. Then try to use the keys or
apply the diagnoses that will be given in successive numbers of the
BULLETIN or in available books. Discuss the mode of life. By this plan
real botany is possible and worth’the while! If any good paintings of
Mushrooms are kindly sent to the State University, they will be grate-
fully received, and awarded a permanent place in the Botanical Depart-

ment. ;
a _ >
CBee

In case teachers wish to supply pupils with the BuLtetins for regular
class work, it might be preferable to send the requisite number of copies
in one package to the teacher’s address instead of mailing them separately
’ to the several pupils.

NATURE STUDY. — Those live teachers who are attempting to cul-
tivate and strengthen the child-mind in its sympathy with nature, invoking
her aid in their sacred charge, whether working in primary room or
grammar grade, are invited to use the Ohio Mycological Bulletin, if per-
chance it may assist in such important work. The child will gladly study
these interesting plants.

“And Nature, the old nurse, took
The child upon her knee,

Saying: ‘Here is a story book
Thy Father has written for thee.’ ”’

7 a

GILL-FUNGI.— These Mushrooms form an_ exceedingly large
group. They are also called Ag’-ar-ics, an English word formed from
A-gar’-i-cus which is the botanical (or Latin) name and the one used long
ago for a genus (that is, a group of similar species). These Mushrooms
bear “spores” on the surface of the gills. Spores might be called micro-
scopic seeds; they are simpler in structure but correspond in function to
seeds in the higher plants. Curiously enough when a sufficient quantity
of the spores is accumulated so that the mass is visible, it is found
that the color may be either white, brown, rusty (or ochre-like), pink,
or black. We must determine the color of the spores in order to classify
the kinds and to find the correct name in the books on Mushrooms.
Therefore the necessary thing to do as soon as a fresh specimen is found,
is to make a “spore-print,” as the collected mass of spores is called.
How to do this will be fully explained and illustrated in BULLETIN No. 2

+ Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 1.

THE NEXT BULLETIN. —If prompt and generous support comes
it will be possible to issue the second Bulletin soon. Your name in the
list of Mempers of the Ouro MycorocicaL CLus will indicate that your
fee (10 cents) has been received. Please advise others to join with us
in this undertaking. Every one interested in the Mushrooms or other
plants, or desirous of receiving the Bulletin, even if not residing in Ohio,
is eligible to membership. You are invited to forward your name with
accompanying fee of 10 cents. Do not fail to ask questions if any come to
mind. Directions for collecting and studying will be given in future
numbers, also illustrations and. descriptions of various species, perhaps
some keys for determining species, notes on cooking mushrooms, and
many interesting mycological topics.

OTHER SPECIMENS.—It must not be supposed that, because
special attention is called to Mushrooms, we are neglecting other groups
of the Ohio plants. We desire to get Herbarium specimens of every species
from every County in the State. We have a good representation from a
few counties, a fair amount from many, but a very small number of
specimens from the majority of Counties—though the State Herbarium
now contains over 20,000 mounted sheets of the Vascular Cryptogams
and Phanerogams alone. We want more Algae, Fungi, Lichens, Liver-
worts, and Mosses, as well as other plants.

&

CHARTER MEMBERS OF THE OHIO MYCOLOGICAL CLUB
W. A. Kellerman, Ohio ee University J. A. Main (O. S. U.)

Francis L. Allen (O. S. U.) Glara (GS Mark (O3'S; UW)

Miss 2 Armstrong (Columbus) Bessie Matthews (O. S. U.)
Prof. G. Atkinson (Cornell Univ.) Te Se McBeth (O. S. U.)

Supt. Phos Bonser (Carey) Ie McClintock (O. S. U.)
John Bridwell (Washington, D. C.) tee McCulley (Columbus)
Harvey Brugger (O. = WW.) Chas. S. Mead (O. S. a
Harriet G. Burr (O. S. U.) Oliver F. Merignt (OR Sa Oa)

ip Ale Condit (OSA) (OS Miner (O. S 3.

Prof. M. T. Cook (DePauw Univ.) C. L. Miner (O. S. 10a)
Margaret Cooperrider (O. S, U.) W. A. Morton (QO. S. U.)

Mr. J. S. Cope (Olena) A. S, Neale (O. S. U.)

Floi E. Crabbe (O. a U.) Annack. Orrt(O ns.) Ws)

Homer B. Crall (O. S. U.) Prof. Herbert Osborn (O, S. U.)
Rev, W. Leon Dawson (Columbus) Miss Elma B. Perry (Menomonie, Wis.)
Miss Freda Detmers (Columbus) C. C. Poindexter (O. S. U.)
Mr. Huber Fessenden (Fitchville) Minnie Porter (O. S. nels

Mr. Geo. W. Gill (Columbus) Sr. Modesto Quiroga (O, S. U.)
Ro Pa Guces (O25, 0.) Miss L. C. Riddle (O. S. U,)
P. I. Hamilton (O. S. U.) E. A. Sanders (O. S. U.)

Supt. M. E. Hard (Chillicothe) TT. Ge sanders (ccs). Ue)
ey C. Harvey (O. S. U.) Maroe Sater (O. S. U.)

EF. Haymaker (O. S. L.) Prof. J. H. Schaffner (O. S. U.)
Daivalt M. Helmick (Harrisburg) Mrs. J. H. fee ee (OF Sus)
Rev, H. Herzer (Marietta) F, “ Surface (O. ap Wp)

Miss Martha Hinkley (Olena) R. Shields (O. We)

Bertha C. Hite (O. S. U.) Laelia C. Sollars PCaiaiabe
True Houser (O. S. U.) ee W. W. Stockberger (Denison Univ.)
S? 2; exunimon) (02'S. U:) L. Thompson (0, a LU)
Gp ivattie(@>s5) 0; ire Thompson ©. Se WD)
Gor bivde.(O..5...U,) om Tillman (O. VU.)

George R. Hyslop (O. S. U.) J. Tyler (Wathingtan. DG)
Mr. Clair Jennings (Olena) Farnese Dravwvard (OO. Si Us)
Miss Hattie Jennings (N. Fairfield) R. C. E. Wallace (O. S. U.)
Otto E. Jennings (O, S. U.) Prof. Wetzstein (St. “Mar s)
Edna Kellerman (O. S. U.) A, W. Whetstone (O. S., UD
Maude Kellerman (Columbus) Gy, wWilde® (On Ss. Us)

W. A, Landacre (O. S. U.) Edith B. Wright (O. S. U.)

a

University Bulletin, Series 7, No. 4. Botanical Series No. 14

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 2

W. A. Kellerman, Ph.D., Ohio State University, LIBRAI

Columbus, Ohio, March 25, 1903. N & W YO

BOTA NEC

>i be

FELICITATION.— The response to the proposition to form a“
Mycological Club has been most gratifying and several Bulletins can
now be promised. Thanks are extended to the many professional bot-
anists and eminent mycologists who have joined the enterprise. But it
is noted also with special pleasure that some very young people and
some very old people (old in years only, not in spirit and sympathy)
are on the membership roll. The third Bulletin will give additional
names of members; all can not be recorded in the present issue.

Promise is again renewed that the Bulletin will be true to its
original purpose, namely, to try to help beginners, pupils, students, and’
amateurs; to aid in systematically observing and studying the Mush-
rooms, both for the pleasure of knowing more about our beautiful world,
and for the purpose of enjoying the edible properties of the plants in
question. I invite your assistance in still greatly extending the mem-
bership. The fee is only 10 cents, and this pays for all the Bulletins to be
issued this season.

BOTANICAL NAMES. — Let beginners and those who have not
studied botany, observe that in scientific language the principal name,
or the name of the ge’-nus, is placed first, followed by the name of the
species (kind). For example, we say Mor-chel’-la es-cu-len’-ta, Mor-
chel’-la_ con’-i-ca, Mor-chel’-la_ an-gus’-ti-ceps, or Quer’-cus al’ -ba,.
Quer’-cus ru’-bra, Quer’-cus vel-u-ti’-na, instead of Edible Morchella (or
Edible Morel), Conical Morel, Narrow-head Morel, or White Oak, Red’
Oak, Black Oak.

They are as simple and as easily learned as the English or commom
names, and ought to be more generally used. The form of the word is
Latin — which is the universal language among educated people. Many
plant names in universal use are the Latin, latinized, or scientific names,
as Geranium, Hydrangea, Phlox, Deut’-zi-a, Ge-as’-ter, Bo-vis’-ta; and
some are the anglicised Latin names, as Rose, Saxifrage, Borage, Thyme,,

Mint, Ag’-ar-ic.

THE MORELS, HONEY-COMB FUNGI, OR MORCHELLAS.—
It is proper to say Mor’-el, Mo-relle’, or Mor-chel’-la (pron. mor-kel’-la).
These are among the earliest mushrooms of the season and are so peculiar
that no one could mistake them. Besides, all of them are delicious; none
are injurious—I make this emphatic because some one recently said
he thought one kind was poisonous. The figures on the following pages
show the general appearance of the plants. They are reproduced by the
kind permission of Professor Atkinson from his book on Mushrooms
Edible and Poisonous, and are a fair sample of the numerous excellent
figures in that book which I hope many will be able to get and use.

I propose that we make these fungi our first study of the season,
so far as the members can take opportunity to observe them. Some
botanists say there are many species (kinds) and call them by names,
as given below; arranging them in two groups according to the mode of

Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, O.

5 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 2.

attachment of the top, or cap, to the stem. Cut vertically through the
middle of the specimen and its structure will be plainly seen.

1 LOWER MARGIN OF CAP, OR PI’-LE-US, UNITED TO THE STEM.
Mor-chel’-la es-cu-len’-ta — with rounded or oval cap, or pi’-le-us.
Mor-chel’-la con’-i-ca — with conical cap.
Mor-chel’-la cras’-si-pes — like above but stem nearly as wide as cap.
Mor-chel’-la de-li-ci-o’-sa — cap cylindrical or oblong, plants usually small.
Mor-chel’-la an-gus’-ti-ceps — cap narrow, scarcely broader than stem.

2. LOWER MARGIN OF THE CAP FREE FROM THE STEM.

Mor-chel’—la sem-i-lib’-er-a — cap free from the stem to the middle.
Mor-chel’-la bi’-spo-ra — cap free from the stem to the top.
Mor-chel’-la punc’-ti-pes — stem witn little scales or conical points.

Fig. 10. Mor-chel’-la es-cu-len’-ta or Common Mo-rel’. Edible.
Mushrooms Edible and Poisonous. (Figure copyright.)

From Atkinson’s

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 2. 7

Professor Morgan writes as follows in the Journal of Mycology,
8:49-50, June 1902: “With plentiful showers in the springtime the
Morels grow abundantly in my vicinity. I have observed them critically
for many years and have taken much pains to recognize as many as
possible of the species that have been described. I invariably arrive at
the same conclusion: that there are but two species. In the same spots
the species vary much in form, size and color from year to year in accord-
ance with the difference in warmth, sunshine and shower. . . . .

“My bundles of specimens gathered in different years bear a variety
of labels as I look them over, but they are all assembled in my mind under
two names: The first is MorcHELLA ESCULENTA, the second MorHELLA
PATULA; in the first the pileus is wholly adnate to the apex of the stipe;
in the second the lower part of the pileus is separate from the stipe.”

As to cooking, my best adviser says; “Cook in the various ways in
which you cook oysters.”

Fig. 11. Mor-chel’-la con’-i-ca or Conical Mo-rel’. Edible. From Atkinson’s
Mushrooms Edible and Poisonous. (Figure copyright.)

8 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 2.

How To SEND SPECIMENS.— Pack snugly with abund-

ant tissue paper or cotton in a pasteboard box of suit-

able size.

By following the hint here given on the

margin (folding on the dotted lines) a box may be made
from stiff pasteboard in case an empty one is not at

hand.

ct. per 2 oz.

It should be filled completely and securely tied.

age on dried plants is 1 ct. per oz.;
Put no writing on the inside, but numbers,
names, dates, localities, or the usual data on botanical

Post-

on living plants, 1

labels, are permissible.

The name of the sender and

postoffice should always be written on the cover.

Specimens should always be numbered.

tains specimens 1,
Ae eLC:
sion in discussing the specimens.

Hf

If your first package con-

2, 3, then number the specimens in the next sending
Never duplicate the former numbers and there will be no confu-

MEMBERS OF THE OHIO MYCOLOGICAL CLUB—SECOND LIST.

Chas. R. Adams (O.
Rey. T. B. Atkins (Columbus)
William C. Barbour (Sayre, Pa.)
Jasco Beattie (@} S) Us)
Jno. ‘G. Black (Wooster)
Prof. E. E. Bogue (Agr.
F, M. Brigham (Toledo)
F, L. Brown (Piketon)
Geo. A, Crabb (O. S. U.)
Dr. J. J. Davis (Racine, Wis.)
Emily E. Derby (Dublin, N. H.)
Alonzo Drake (O, S. U.)
Wie Dyer (©. Ss. Us)
Antonia A, Eggers (Columbus)
Pein. Chas;
H. S.)
+, Finney (O. S. U.)
. Fred. W. Flowers (Columbus)
Maud Flynn (Columbus)

Sy Wh)

Coll. Mich)

Miss Florence Folger (Summit, N. J.)

2) Fromme (O. S. U.)

H. A. Gleason (Ill. Industr. Univ.)

R, We Harned (O. S. U.)

Ree John H. Harshberger (Univ. of
ras)

Geo. D. Hedgecock (Mo. Bot. Garden)

Luther Helmick (O. S. U.)

Prot J. >. nine (On 5.2U;)

Lewis S. Hopkins (Troy)
Theodore M. Hunt (Columbus)
ebwtiyde (On ss -U:)

Guy H. Inskeep (O. S. U.)

Dr. a L. James (Cincinnati)
Rev. F. D. Kelse (Toledo)
Miss acu Reitopert (Columbus)
Carl Krebs, Ph. G. (Cleveland)
Mabel Kutz (Milo)

D Everett (Columbus, N.

Judge

Prof.

Prof. Edward Lee (Mt. Union Coll.)

Dr. Josua Lindahl (Cincinnati)

Signe Lindahl (Cincinnati)

Elmore H. Lindsey (Mansfield)

Prof. Wm. Lochhead (Oni, Agr. Coll.)

E. V. Louth (Ashtabula)

Prof. C. Macmillan (Univ. of Minn.)

E. E. Masterman (New london)

Dr, C. S. Means (Columbus)

Prof. Chas. W. Mesloh (O. S. U.)

Dr, C. F. Millspaugn (ield-Colum-
bian Museum)

Prof. E. L. Morris (Washington, D. C.)

L. W. Nuttall (Nuttalburg, W. Va.)

Prof. Chas. H. Peck (State Botanist
of IN. WY)
Prof. Alfred M, Peter (Ky. Exp. Sta.)

Geo, A. Pfaffman (O. S. U.)

Thomas Piwonka (Cleveland)

Prof. Chas. S. Prosser (©: S. U:)
Frank Rathmell (Columbus)
Mrs. Sarah Langton Rice (Delaware)
Frances Seaton (Cleveland)

Mrs. K. D. Sharp (London)

R. E. Shepard (O. S. U.)

Abigail E, Simpson (Columbus)

Dr. Chas. E. Slocum (Defiance)
Raymond T. Smith (O. S. U.)

R, Barclay Spicer (Meadville, Pa.)

Cc. E. Stinchcomb (O.<S5 @)

Laura Parsons Thomas (QO. S, U.)

J. S. Vandervoort (Wilmington)

A. Wetzstein (St. Marys)

Prof, W. C, Whitney (Otterbein Univ.)
L. A. Williamson (Bluffton, Ind.)
Stella S. Wilson (Columbus)

Prof. Albert A, Wright (Oberlin Coll.)

University Bulletin, Series 7, No. 16. Botanical Series No. 16

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 3

W. A. Kellerman, Ph.D., Obio State University, RR

Columbus, Ohio, April 18, 1903. mI Vy

Epiror’s Note. — Grateful acknowledgement is again made for the
hearty co-operation in extending the membership of the the Ou1o Mvyco=
LOGICAL CLUB; for the interest manifested in the BULLETIN; the corres-
pondence already elicited in connection with fungi, interesting, edible or
otherwise; and the specimens sent for illustration of observations made,
or for inspection. Some of the correspondence and interesting notes
will appear from time to time in the Bulletin. This is a phase of the work
not particularly mentioned hertofore, yet it is hoped that it will prove very
interesting and profitable.

I desire to say that receipt of Bulletins, subsequent to No. 1, indicates
that you or some friend has paid the fee of 10 cents. The Bulletins will
be mailed to no. one unless this amount has been paid. From time
to time the additions to the membership roll will be printed. Very fre-
quently it will be several days, may be five to ten, before Bulletins
can conveniently be sent after the request has been received. It is hoped
that the number of mistakes on our part will be reduced to a minimum;
please remind us at once if delinquency occurs.

SoME Stupy Necessary. — One can not positively know the kinds of
mushrooms without some close scrutiny or careful study. There are so
many kinds, and often they differ so little from each other, that thorough
acquaintance is indispensable to a correct judgment in regard to them.
No friend or instructor can enumerate the points for you, so that off-hand
you may then certainly know the mushrooms and safely separate the good
from the bad. But by carefully noting all the characters of any species that
you may find—color. texture, size, shape, and other points of its structure,
where it grows, any peculiarities in its mode of development; then study-
ing another kind in the same manner; you will during the season learn
really to know quite a number of species. If this plan is continued from
year to year you ought to become acquainted with all the conspicuous kinds
that occur in your neighborhood, and know them better than many
botanists do. If an attempt is made to record observations and make
sketches (perhaps using water colors), much more pleasure and profit will
be realized. Some hints or directions will be given in the next Bulletin.

VV

Parts oF A Mushroom. — With specimens before you proceed with
a methodical inspection, using the accompanying illustration (Fig. 12),
to learn the names of the parts.
Cap, or pv—le-us — This is the
upper portion, more or less ex-
panded, usually regular in shape,
but sometimes various; its pur-
pose is to bear the spores, or mi-
croscopic bodies for reproducing

aswel?

AG
ATP,

Cap, o . A
Sus Gills, or the species, comparable therefore
Pp : 7 la-mel’-le. - f 7 seeds of our

ine, or ye in function to seeds of our com-

ape sh eae

mon ‘plants.
Gills, or la-mel’-lae-—These are
Stem,or the thin plates on the under side

an’-nu lus.

IPT INAS GD LITA NIRS

stipe. : = -
a P of the cap, differing in shape,
universal -— . mode of attachment, color and
veil. ww consistency in different species.

In the Pore Fungi and in the

Spine Fungi they are replaced by

wee pores and soft spines respectively.

- On the surface of the gills, the

Fig. 12. Diagram showing parts of a tubes, and the spines the spores
Toadstool. are produced.

Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, O.

10 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 3.

Stem or Stipe.— This varies in length, shape, diameter, color, etc.,
in the different species; it may be solid and firm, or the interior may be
soft, or almost hollow being occupied by a very loose tissue (when it is
said to be “stuffed’?). The stem may be attached to the middle of the
cap, or near one side; in some species it is entirely absent.

Ring or an’-nu-lus— When the mushroom is in an early stage of de-
velopment the gills are close to the stem, and a membrane or veil is con-
tinuous over the cap, uniting it with the stem. The remains of this “par-
tial veil,” as it is called may be seen in some of the species in the form
of a collar around the stem, and it is called the ring or an’—nu-lus.

Vol’-va. —In some species, especially the Volvarias and the Amanitas
(which include poisonous species), there is a “universal veil,’ as it is
called, or vol’-va, that encloses the young stem and cap; but these push up
breaking through the top as they develop. The volva may then be found
as a cup-like portion at the base when the mushroom is carefully dug up,
but it is not always conspicuous.

My-ce’-li um (pron, mi-se’-li-um).— The mass of whitish threads
that attach the Mushroom to the soil or rotten wood, etc., is called the
my-ce’-li-um. It is the vegetative part of the plant, i. e., these threads
take up the nourishment from the decaying organic matter on which this
group of plants (the fun-gi) feed.

ae

Eo
eee |
feo |

ES APES
ees:

cA

=
ae
a
=
i.

WAL
i

me

) <ooce Gayest
2 ae
[I O68: hey
e - de a
Fig. 14. Fig. 18. Fig. 15. Fig. 16.
Fig. 13. Gill slightly magnified. Fig. 15. Section of a stem showing cellular
Fig. 14. Portion of gill highly magnified. structure.
Fig. 16. Section of a leaf showing cellular
structure.
StrRuCTURE OF A MusHroom.— For pupils in schools or others who

have a large microscope at hand, and to satisfy older people who want-
to know, let me say that with the aid of figures 13 and 14 some idea of the
minute structure of Mushrooms may be obtained. The whole mass is
made up of tiny tubes, elongated cells the botanist calls them. In these
is the clear, slightly granular, semi-fluid living substance which is known
by the name of pro—to—plasm. The fact that this is the substance in which
the life processes are manifest makes its structure and behavior of the most
thrilling interest to the real student.

All plants have essentially this same minute structure — but usually
the cells are very slightly elongated or even globular though
many sided from mutual pressure. To make this matter clearer
two figures are here introduced to show cells from a stem (Fig. 15) and
from a leaf (Fig. 16). Within the cell wall (which is made up of a sub-
stance that the chemists call cel’—lu-lose) may be seen living, working,
growing substance, namely the pro’-to-plasm. Some vegetable cells (and
all cells in the animal tissues.), have no cellulose walls.

If you woud know how spores are borne, and desire to know the lan-
guage that botanists use in describing these structures, consult figure 13
which shows a section though a gill moderately magnified, and figue 14
which shows a small portion of the surface layer of the gill highly magni-
fied, showing the spores.

The spores are thrown down when ripe —so it is possible to obtain
a “spore print,” it is desirable to have a quantiy of the spores in order also
to determine their color. Hence observe the next paragraph.

Spore-Print. —To determine the color of the spores in any of the
Gill-Fungi, select a specimen that is not too old; it is best if it has just

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 3. 1

Fig. 17. Spore Print. From Atkinson’s Mushrooms Edible and Poisonous.

expanded so as to expose the gills. Remove the stem close to the cap,
or umbrella-like top, that bears the gills, and place it gill-side down on
a sheet of paper, leaving it several hours or over night. Radiating lines
of spores will be thrown down on the paper —having the appearance
shown in the adjoining figure (17). It is best to catch spores on both
white paper and black or dark-colored paper; spores if they happen to
be white can scarcely be seen on white paper.

Rost ssaiss ; Re ‘ z

be are Pil me 7s 3 a
Fig. 18. Delicious Morel. Mor-chel’-la de-li-ci-o’-sa. Edible. From the Nina Marshall
Mushroom Book, by kindness of publishers, Doubleday, Page & Co.

12 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 3

Morels—Thanks are extended to members who have kindly sent speci-
mens of Morels; they were, all the common kind that may be called Mor-

chel—la_ es-cu-len’-ta.

and credit given under the same.

It is hoped that some one will find specimens of
M. semi-i—lib’—er—a and M. bi-spo-ra.

An additional figure is presented,

vid

From CORRESPONDENTS. — Mr.
“Morchella conica as a variety,
open places in loose soil ;

Be eve outh
usually in solid soil;
M. semilibera, found quite often has when cooked
a somewhat astringent taste and not juicy;

a freak, with button top, smooth and mellow.”

reports for Ashtabula:
M. esculenta in more

M. bispora found twice, also
“Mr. Wm. H. Spencer says

fishermen bring to the market in Sandusky, Morels which they collect on
Cedar Point, edge of vegetation in sand close to the Lake Erie Beach;”
this is an unusual and interesting locality for this species.

nd

MEMBERS OF THE OHIO MYCOLOGICAL CLUB— THIRD LIST.

Prof. Walter H. Aiken (Cincinnati)

C, O, Altman (Bluffton)
John F. Arundel (O. S. U.)
Mr. O. A. Bailey (Westerville) -

Earl R. Bartholomew (Rockport, Kans.)
= E, Baum (Westerville)
R. Beattie (U. S. Dept. Agr.)
Ae re Berry (Carey)
G. N. Best (Rosemont, N.
Wade J. Beyerly (Chillicothe)
Andrew Biebl (Columbus)
Doe GG. Bilis, pBaisc., “Cake
renceburg, Ind.)
Miss Emma Blesch (Columbus)
Prof, R. D. Bohannan (O. S. U.)
Boston Mycological Club (Mass.)
FE. B. Bradshaw (Chicago, III.)
Dean Brayton (Carey)
Nella Brayton (Carey)
Mrs. Laura J. Brown (Bloomingburg)
Matthias Bubna (Cleveland)

(Law-

G. W. Buffington (Machanicsburg)
H. W. Burckhardt (Cincinnati)
George E, Burger (Brooklyn, N. Y.)
F. H. Burglehaus (Summer, Wash.)

Chas. H. Castle, M. D.
Prof. Frank M.
Ap: Sci.)

Sarah A. Conn (Strathroy, Ontario)

EES Es: Souris M. D. (Columbus)

Miss J. E. Datcher (High School, Wash-
ongton, DiG;)

Mrs. L. Deidrick (East Liverpool)

Mr. M, A. Ditmer (Westerville)

Chas. F. Dutton, Jr. (Cleveland)

J. E. Fellows (Ada)

KG incinnati)
Comstock (Case Sch.

H. W. Felter, M. D. (Cincinnati)
Ella C. Floyd (Chillicothe)
Mr. N. R, Funk (Westerville)

Lester B. Gary (Austinburg)

Hattie Gibbs (Carey)

Instr. M. B. Griffith (Columbus North
High School)

W. B. Hall (Wakeman)

Prin. Wm. S. Harris (Hillsboro, III.)

W. T. Heilman (Canal Winchester)

S. A. Heyl (Columbus)

KK. J. Higgins (Columbus)

G. A. Hinnen, B.S, (Cincinnati)

Flora Hoover (Granville)

T. F,. Howard (Aberdeen)

D, L. Hurst (Columbus)

Wm. C. Jewett (Cincinnati)

ohn David Jones (Granville)

Miss Alice A. Judson (Sandusky)

ra Judy (Westerville)

3ernice Keller (Carey)

Miss M. Kirkland (High School,
ington, 1D) X65)

Clara D. Klemm (Cincinnati)

Adelaide Knight (Columbus)

John E, C., Kohlsaat (Cincinnati)

‘Anna K. pres (Chillicothe)

Mr. J. E. La Dow (Mansfield)

Robert Lantz (Carey)

Library N. Y. Botanical Garden

Miss Carrie E. Line (Ill. Woman’s Coll.)

Hazel Long (Carey)

()la Long (Carey)

Fred, K. Luke (Mo. Bot. Garden)

Mrs. Melissa Maize (Worthington)

Geo. E. McClure (St. Louis, Mo.)

Mr. Claudius T, McCoy (Lancaster)

Max Morse (O. S. U:)

Prof. E. L. Moseley (Sandusky)

Miss Zoa Munger (Westerville)

Prof. Sidney A. Norton (O. S. U.)

William Csburn (Cincinnati)

Prof. H. S. Pepoon (H. S. Chicago.)

Otto Pflaeger (Carey)

Henry H. Piper (Somerville, Mass.)

Archie L. Pricer (Cincinnati)

Wash-

Mrs, T. J. Sanders (Westerville)
Mrs. John M. Scatterday (Clintonviile)
Mr. C. M. Shamas (High School, Wash-

ington, D. C.)
Miss Vida Shauck (Newark)
Dr. Walter R. Shaw (Agr, Coll. Okla.)
Miss Sarah M. Sherrick (Westerville)
C. F. Sites (Newark)
Dorothy Sopher (Carey)
L. G. Spencer (Nutwood)
Wm. H. Spencer (Sandusky)
S. S. Staley (Mechanicsburg)
U. O, Stevens (Newark)
L. Sturdevant (Newark)
Ethel Swope (Amanda)
Dr. Joe H, Todd (Wooster)
Elizabeth M. Torrance (Canada)
W. H. Trimmer (Westerville)
John Tull (St. Louis, Mo.)
Th Fulton Van V oorhis (Granville)
Alma H. Wacker (O. S. U.)
Roscoe 7. Webb (Garrettsville)
Mr. Hollis Webster (Cambridge, Mass.)
Prin, Wm, Werthner (Dayton)
Supt. J. W. Whiteside (Bloomingburg)
Mr. E. \,ilkinson (Mansfield Museum)
Mae Wilkinson (Mansfield)
Prof. S. R. Williams (Oxford)
John O. Winship (Cleveland)
Lotus Wright (Carey)

University Bulletin, Series 7, No. 18. Botanical Series No. 17

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 4

W. A. Kellerman, Ph.D., Ohio State University,

Columbus, Ohio, May 12, 1903.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. — The still growing membership roll is very
gratifying, and hearty thanks are extended to all who have taken such
kindly interest in the matter. I am indebted to many persons for charm—
ing specimens; those sent in by the Helmick boys furnishing the photo-
graphs for one of the cuts of Pe-zi-—za re-tic-u—la’—ta,—the other cut
of this species being the specimens collected by E. A. Sanders. Prof.
Schaffner and Assistant Jennings collected the little Mor—chel—las shown
on this page. Messrs. Jennings and Sanders brought the fine large Hel-
vel’—las, that is to say Gy-ro-mi-—tra brun’—ne-a, from which the cut of
reduced figures given on page 16 was prepared.

ue

Fig. 19. Mor-chel’-la sem-i-lib’-er-a. Free-cap Morel. Edible. Plants shown the
natural size.

Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, O.

14 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 4.

MycoLocicAL ExuHisitTion. — Friday afternoon, May 22, from 2 to
5 o'clock, there will be an Exhibition of Mushrooms in the lecture room
of the Botanical Building, Ohio State University, to which the public is
cordially invited. A short lecture will be given to amateurs at 4 o’clock.
Members of the Ohio Mycological Club living at, or not too distant
from Columbus, are cordially invited to attend, but this notice is given
to all readers of this Bulletin as a suggestion, which perhaps in some
cases might be carried out by members in their own communities. If
one or two undertake an exhibition, at some stated time, of what might
be found in their region, cordial assistance doubtless would be given
by the teachers of the public schools, many pupils and other enthusiasts.

If there is a local Horticultural Society, Farmers’ Club, or Floricul—
tural Association, such an organization might lend assistance or even take
the initiative in such an exhibition. Increasing the interest in Mycology
and disseminating information leading to more extended study and wider
use of Mushrooms, would certainly be some of the valuable results of such
an undertaking.

It would perhaps also be an opportune time to make the Bulletin
known to others, “price 10 cents,” through the kind efforts of pres—
ent members. Moreover the request is made that as far as convenient
some specimens of Mushrooms be sent for the May 22d exhibition at
Columbus, for which the editor extends thanks in advance to any con—
tributing members.

THe Free—Cap Mo-rev’.— The Morel shown in fig. 19 is called Mor-
chel’-la sem-i-lib’er—-a — the second, or specific name suggesting its dis—
tinguishing character, namely, that the lower portion of the cap is free
from the stem.

In the common Morels, those forms called by botanists Mor-—chel—la
es—cu—len’-ta, Mor-chel’-la con’-i-ca and Mor-chel’-la de—li-ci—o’-sa,
(shown in figs. 10, 11 and 18), also Mor-chel’—la cras’—si-pes (which is
much like the foregoing, but the cap is equal in width to, or scarcely
broader than the granudar irregularly furrowed stem — cras’—sus meaning
broad), the cap is ad’—nate, that is wholly attached to the stem, there—
fore not having a free margin below; in other words the cap is bell-
shaped.

A form from Michigan recently described by Prof. Peck, called Mor-

Fig. 20. Pe-zi'-za re-tic-u-la’-ta. Reticulate Peziza. Edible. Nearly the natural size.
Same species as shown in Fig. 21.

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 4. 15

chel’-la punc’—-ti-pes (the Latin word pes means foot or stem), much
like the Free-cap shown in fig. 19, is said to have a squam’—u-lose stem,
1. e. covered by little scale-like bodies or points. Then another free-cap
form is the Mor-chel’—la bis’-po-ra — which would require the use of a
microscope for positive identification, since its spores are two in a sac
instead of eight as in all other forms.

The Sem-i-lib—er—a Morel is small, and while edible is not to be
compared with the larger tender forms as the M. esculenta, M. crassipes,
and M. conica.

Pe-zi-za Famity.— This group is called Pe-zi-za’-ce-ae by the
botanists, and for a distinctive common name we will say Pe-zi’-zas. It
is a large group but well illustrated by figs. 20 and 21, which show that
the form is in general cup or saucer shaped. The hy—me’ —ni-al layer —
1. e. the layer which bears the spores —is the more or less colored por-
tion lining the cup within.

In Pe-zi’-za_ re-tic-u-la’-ta the color within is brown and the gen-
eral form may be as regular as those shown in fig. 20, but often they are
not so uniform in size and very irregular in shape; Fig. 21 shows such
common forms of the same species. Dr. E. J. Durand says that he re-
ceived a specimen from Illinois that was lédcm. broad (6 inches).

The Pe-zi—zas are very satisfactory for table use but can hardly be
placed on a par with the Morels and Helvellas. The young fresh speci—
mens only ought to be used.

Het-veL-LA Famity.— This group, called in botanical language
Hel-vel-la’—ce-ae, contains such striking forms as the Morels, already
figured in Bulletin No. 3, and again on page 13; also other species of
which those called Gy—-ro-mi’-tra are at once to be recognized from the
figure herewith given (Fig. 22). The cap which is covered by the hyme-
nial. or spore—bearing layer, is of peculiar lobed or irregular form, the
surface covered with gyrose wrinkles, whereas the Morchellas have pits
formed by longitudinal and transverse wrinkles. The Gy-ro-mi’-tra
brun’—ne-a shown in Fig. 22 has a cap of red-orange color, 3d shade, of
Prang’s system. It is quite variable in form as the illustration shows.
No edible fungus perhaps is superior to this. It may be searched for in
such localities as produce the Morels — where there are decaying logs and
stumps, and the soil is rich in such organic matter.

Fig.21. Pe-zi'-za re-tic-u-la/-ta. Reticulate Peziza. Edible. Typical form of the species ;
the scale represents inches.

16 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 4.

Fig. 22. Gy-ro-mi’-tra brun’-ne-a, Gyromitra or Helvella. Edible. One-quarter to one-
half natural size.

ie

MEMBERS OF THE OHIO MYCOLOGICAL CLUB— FOURTH LIST.

Ida M. Ackerman, (Mansfield). Clara Kaltenthaler, (Mansfield.)

E, J. Arrick, (McConnelsville). Supt. I. N. Keyser, (Urbana).

R. S. Barr, (Sharpsville, Pa.). E, J. Koos, (Newark.)

Henry D. Bartholomew, (Newark). Eva Lance, (New Pittsburgh.)

Wm, G. Beatty, (Columbus). Chas. S. Little, (Appleton, Wis.)
Wm. Boughton (Mansfield). B. O. Longyear, (Mich. Agr. Coll.)
H. C. Brigham, (Toledo). Alice Lynch, (Canton.)

Margaret Buckingham (Newark). Ruth Marshall, (Appleton, Wis.)
Margaretta Burnett, (Cincinnati). Chas. McDaniel, (Sabina.)

H. M. Caldwell, (Rugby, Tenn.). Mrs. Thane Miller, (Cincinnati.)
Canton Public Library. C, H. Morris, (McConnelsville.)

A. J. Carson, (Cincinnati). H. C. Muckley, (Cleveland.)

Mrs, T. W. Case, (Canton). O. A. Nincehelser, (Mechanicsburg.)
H. A. Cassidy, (Lancaster), H. C. Oberholser, (Washington, Diet)
A. M. Crane, B. A., (Cincinnati). C. W. Olcott, (Lawrenceburg, Ind.)
Mabel Cratty, (Delaware). Tra C. Painter, (Sidney.)

M. E. Danford, (Canfield). Anna Pancoast, (Cleveland).

Supt. Geo. W. DeLong, (Corning). Mrs. A. E. Patton, (Sabina.)

A. C. Dike, (Randolph, Vt.). Mrs. M. C, Percival, (Rugby, Tenn.)
DramG.G- ois, (Golumpus): S. H. Pierce, (Sabina.)

Abigail C. Dimon, (Bryn Mawr Coll.) Supt. J. M. Richardson, (McConnelsville.)
T. W. Ditto, (Delphos.) Supt. W. S. Robinson, (Fostoria.)

Prof. J. A. Drushel, (Nat. Nor. Univ.) Emilie C. Roths, (Chillicothe.)
j; W. T. Duvel, (Washington, D. C.) Prin. G. A. Rutenik, (Cleveland.)

. L. Ervin, (Wellston.) B. S. Sanford, (Hudson).

M. J. Flannery, (Sabina.) A. B. Seymour, (Cambridge, Mass.)
H. L. Frank, (Marion.) C. L. Shear, (U. S. Dept. Agr.)

Mary Gordon, (Columbus.) Mrs, Annie M. Smith, (Bresiiv Ni aks)
Prof, M. F. Guyer, (Cincinnati Univ..) Flora B. Snowden, (Dayton.)

H.-W. Hambleton, (Urbana.) J. D. Stay, (Cleveland.)
Dr, S. E. Harryman, (Lawrenceburg, Prof. H. F. Surface, (Har isburg, Pa.)

Ind.) Gilbert H. Trofton, (Randolph Center,

A. S. Hoffman, (Columbus.) Vt.)

S. E. Horlacher, (Dayton.) H. L. True, M. D., (McConnelsville.)
F. E,. Hosterman, (Springfield.) John Weil, (Mansfield.)
Alice Houser, (New Pittsburgh.) Dr. Morrow B. Mle (London.)

G. R. Hughes, (Madisonville.) WwW. W. ieee er SY ae da

Chas. P. Ingold, (Sabina.) Prof. D, A. Wood, ddle Point.)

Mary Denver James, (Coshocton.) Pring is Wright, CWilgungtonS

a

University Bulletin, Series 7, No. 22. Botanical Series No. 18

1

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 5

W. A. Kellerman, Ph.D., Ohio State University,

Columbus, Ohio, June 12, 1903.

SPECIMENS — Many interesting Mushrooms have been brought to
our notice and thanks are extended to those who have sent specimens.
It must be said, by way cf suggestion, that in some cases insufficient
care is taken to get complete specimens. They ought never to be broken
off leaving half the stem, nor even severed at the surface of the soil or
substratum on which they grow; the underground or concealed por-
tion should also be carefully secured. This often affords indispensable
characters for correct identification, especially so when the presence or
absence of a volva is to be determined. For study a large number of
specimens are needed; they should illustrate all the characters that the
species shows in its different stages of development of the fruit — fruit
I say because the so-called Mushrooms and Toadstools are only the
fruiting stage of the plant, the vegetative portion being the (whitish and
mostly concealed) mass of threads called my-ce-li-um.

Fig. 28. Co-pri’-nus_co-ma’-tus. Shaggy-mane. Edible. Belongs to the black-
spored Gill-fungi. The gills and cap dissolve into an inky fluid at maturity. Various
stages shown in the illustration. From photo by Prof. Schaffner.

Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, O.

18 Ohio ATycological Bulletin No. 5

Tue ExpertIMENT SuccessrFuL— Notwithstanding protracted dry
weather a fairly satisfactory Mushroom exhibition was realized May 22
as per previous notice. About sixty species were shown, perhaps half
of them fresh; many of these being edible kinds. With the numerous
class charts and colored plates used in the regular college work, an ex-
hibit was made that seemed to be very satisfactory to the large crowd of
visitors. Repetition when weather is not adverse may be expected.

bTTTTYIITITI i CUTE ASTUTE mn OT i ul III
| | | ! | "

4 10
100 millimeters © 10 cuntiniciers 1 pactnutee
“Lines” twelfths 1 2 Inches 4

|
he | |
LEE “i taal alain

Scale for conven‘ent measurement.

Purr-BaLt_ FAmMiLy — The name for this group is Ly-co-per-da’-ce-ae ;
which is formed from Ly-co-per’-don, the name of one of the genera.
Puff-balls are familiar objects, and numerous species are to be found in
every locality. They are edible when young and fresh, though only the
larger kinds would be used. Fig. 28 shows the Giant Puff-Ball grow-
ing in a grassy plot, from a photograph taken by Prof. Schaffner. The
myriads of spores escape as a cloud when the plant is ready to be stepped
on. When slicing the peeled specimen for table use the flesh should be
white; if dark or changing from the white color it must be discarded.

Vig. 24. Bo-vis’-ta gi-gan-te’-a. Giant Puff-ball. (By various authors it is also
called Ly-co-per’-don, or Cal-va’-ti-a.) Very large, 8 or 10 to even 20 inches in
diameter, weighing several pounds, depressed-globose, white or whitish, becomrmg
discolored with age. Edible when young.

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 5. 19

A Nore For StupeNts — Space precludes the possibility of giving
here directions for exhaustive study of the fleshy fungi (A-gar-i-ca-ce-ae ) ;
therefore a separate slip has been prepared for systematic study and
record of the characters of these plants. A package stapled to a stiff back
for convenient field use will be sent to those who furmsn address, with
five cents, or two two-cent stamps. A sample for inspection may be
obtained upon request accompanied by a l-cent stamp.

A Goop Prace ror MusHrooms— At Sandusky, Ohio, there is a
lot, several acres in extent, the former site of a cooperage plant, largely
recovered from Sandusky Bay by filling up with saw-dust and lumber-
waste such as small pieces of slabs, sticks and bark. This wooden soil
is several feet thick and all the time moist below the surface. Therefore
it is an excellent place for the plants in which we are interested. Wm.
H. Spencer tells me that last year he coliected here “forty-three varieties,
mostly Agaricaceac, one Clavariaceae, two. Phallaceae, several Lycoper-
daceae avd Polyporaceae.”

Those are *>rtunate who have such a variety of favorable localities
as in the region of Sandusky. Cedar Point is not to be forgotten in this
connection. It is a narrow, wooded sand-spit about seven miles long,
the famous pleasure resort located near the northwest end, Southeast
from this place, one mile, is located the fine Lake Laboratory, just com-
pleted, where a summer school in Botany (and Zoology) is carried on
by the Ohio State University. It may not be amiss to state that courses
of instruction in Mushrooms and other groups of plants are this season
offered to the choice of everybody, the work beginning June 29th and
continuing six weeks. Anyone interested should write to the Ohio State
University for the Circular which gives details of this Biological Labora-
tory, the courses of study, the charge for tuition, etc.

Fig. 25. Myr-i-o-sto’-ma col-i-for’-mis. Pepper-box Earth-star. Differs from the
common Earth-star (Ge-as’-ter) in having several openings through the upper portion
of the inner wall for the escape of the spores. Rarer than the Geasters; the latter
have but one mouth at apex. (Greek words—Myrioi means many, and stoma sig-
nifies mouth.) : ‘ Ef

20 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 5.

Fig. 26. Hir-ne-o’-la au-ric’-u-la-ju’-dae. Jew’s Ear. Belongs to the Trembling
Fungi, or Tre-mel-la’-ce-ae, so-called because of their gelatinous consistency. They
shrivel when dry, reviving when moistened. The Jew’s Ear is rather common,
brown or blackish, fuzzy-hairy, but not so tender and palatable as several other
species of this group.

MEMBERS OF THE OHIO MYCOLOGICAL CLUB— FIFTH LIST.

Prof. J. H. Beal, (Scio College.) S. P. Keeler, (Fremont.)
Dr. C. E. Bessey, (Univ. of Nebr.) Edmund Kinney, (O. S. U.)
Geo. W. Black, (McConnelsville. ) Dean Kurtz, (Carey.)
I. Bowen, (Engineer’s Office, Columbus.) Chauncey Lawrence, (Waverly.)
Augusta E. Brown, (Chillicothe.) Ezra Llewellyn, (Pennsville.)
C. E. Bryan, (Ed. Madison Co. Demo- Prof. W. H. Long, Jr., (Denton, Tex.)
Crat.) C. J. Marshall, (New Concord.)
Elizabeth C. Buhmann, (Chicago, Ill.) Geo. H. Matson, Jr., (oe
O. A. Charles, (Westerville.) Prof, G. W. McCoard, (O. U.)
Dr. Samuel H. Collins, (Lawrenceburg, Prof. W. F. Mercer, (Ohio Univ.)
Ind.) Mr. James A. Nelson, (Biolog. Lab.
Miss Edith L. Compton, (Washington, Univ. Pa:)
DC.) Dr. Helen Cox O’Conner, (Garden City,.
Lela M. Cook, (Camden.) N. Y.)
Samuel W. Courtright, LL. D., (Circle- Miss Eveline Pearson, (Chillicothe.)
ville. ) Jessa J. Pearson, (Xenia.)
H. S. Day, (Fremont.) Mr. E. F. Phillips, (Biolog. Lal. Univ. Pa.)
H. B. Derr, (Univ. of Il.) Prof. O. P. Phillips, (Biolog. Lab. Univ.
Miss Lilian R. Dickson, (Mansfield. ) Pa.)
Porter Elliot, (West Mansfield. ) W. P. Roberts, (Marysville.)
Miss Gertrude Ellis, (High School, Dub- Prof. L. E. Sayre, (Univ of Kansas.)
line. FL.) Miss Ida Schifflin, (Chicago, Ill.)
W. W. Esch, (Fremont.) Charles W. Seelye, (Rochester, N. Y.)
Cc. FE, Fisher, (McConnelsville.) W. O. Shearer, (Marysville. )
Miss Marian S. Franklin, (Chillicothe.) W. C. Shuce, (Newark.)
Prin. A. C. Fries, (Clintonville.) C. L. Stanberry, (McConnelsville. )
Miss ae Fulmer, (Mansfield.) Dr. C. J. Stevenson, (McConnelsville.)
W. D. Gatch, (Lawrenceburg, Ind.) Cc. C. Tunnington, (Fremont.)
C. J. Gibson, (McConnelsville.) Thomas Turvill, (Madison, Wis.)
Purley Gilbert, (McConnelsville.) J. G. Walker, (McConnelsville.)
NMirs> Ab. UL. Gill, (Columbus. ) Supt. A. F. Waters, (Georgetown.)
Pon. G, i Graham, (Central High EN. Webb, 2 (Os, (Sire)
School, Xenia.) Prof. W. E. Wells, (Antioch College.)
James A. Graves, (Susquehanna, Pa.) yj. A. G. Whetsel, (O. S. Ul)

Prof. F. O. Grover, (Oberlin College.) L. A. Weinland, (Westerville. )

Seth Harter, (McConnelsville.) Alfred Weitkamp, (Westerville.)
Seth Hayes, (Fremont Public Schools.) John Wilson, (Wapakoneta. )
Alice W. Hess, (Bradley Polytech. Supt. L. E. York, (Barnesville.)

Inst., Dept. Dom. Econ.)
Miss Fannie E. Jennison, (Somerville,
Mass. )

~The Ohio Mycological Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all members of the:
pee M me ical te All eligible to membership who are interested in Nature or the Bul-
etin. Fee cents.

University Bulletin, Series 7, No. 24. Botanical Series No. 19

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 6

W. A. Kellerman, Ph.D., Ohio State University,

Columbus, Ohio, June 24, 1903.

CONFIDENTIAL — Again it must be said that the interest in Mush—
rooms and the Bulletin is most gratifying. The membership in the club
now has passed beyond 600. If advertisement were resorted to, the
number joining in the work would doubtless mount immediately to a
thousand or more — but I prefer to leave the matter of expansion in the
hands of my enthusiastic members.

<

Fig. 27. Mor-chel’-la an-gus/-ti-ceps. Narrow-head Morel. Edible. From B: ®
Longyear’s Mich. Exp. Sta. Bulletin on Mushrooms.

Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, O.

22 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 6.

It was thought at first that say one Bulletin a month for a part
of the season might be issued; then the matter of expense would cut
but a small figure. The cordial sympathy and encouragement of so
many persons, eminent mycologists, professors, high-school teachers, ama-
teurs and lovers of nature generally, have seemed to make it desirable
to issue the Bulletin oftener and thus bring to the notice and assistance
of all parties interested, many illustrations of our abundant and varied
Mushroom flora.

Photo from specimens collected at Columbus, O. Closely related,

but the stem is very short, and the annulus is very thick and double; the pileus is rounded

Edible.

Rodman’s Mushrooms.

Fig. 28. A-gar’-i-cus rod-man’-i.

to the Common Mushroom

then convex,

iy

(A. compestris

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 6. 25

But to do this requires the expenditure of a larger amount of
cash than most persons would suppose. Those having experience in
matters pertaining to printing and engraving can readily understand that
not half the cash expense is covered by subscriptions received for the
Bulletin. Yet I have no intention of placing the fee higher than ten
cents; this all can pay without embarrassment, and it is entirely satis-
factory to me.

‘

“it was made from

profusion on piles of
as a white and the othera

se-heaps, growing in great

Photo’ by Professor™Beardsleé-who says:

“Edible.
It seemed to be partial to refu

Onion-stemmeéed Agaric.

Lep-i-o’-ta ce-pzes/-ti-pes.

Fig. 29
plates collect

says one form h

, where (as Peck)

Occurs in greenhouses also

ed in Cleveland, where it is rather common.

sawdust which had been left in the woods.”

yellow pileus.

24 Ohio Mycological Bulletin UN ORO.

However, if upon this mere hint (not solicitation), a number of
persons who are interested and financially able, desire to lend a help-
ing hand, their substantial contribution will be duly used in extending
the work. Such donors will receive the cordial thanks of the editor and
of every member of the Club. That we may justly render credit to
whom credit is due, a list of those contributing large or considerable
amounts will be printed in the Bulletin.

Vacation Appress — During July and August the address of the
Editor of the Bulletin will be Lake Laboratory, Sandusky, Ohio.

Fig. 30. Ifel-vel’-la e-las'-ti-ca. Helvella Edible. Photo from specimens in woods
growing on leaf-mould, Columbus, Ohio. Belongs to same family as Gy-ro-mi/-tra
brun/-ne-a, p. 16 (Hel-vel-la’-ce-ae).

MEMBERS OF THE OHIO MYCOLOGICAL CLUB—SIXTH LIST.

O. C. Alleshouse, (O. S. U.) R. J. Graham, (Chillicothe. )
Campsie Bailey, (Barnesville.) Georgia Gregg, (Barnesville.)
Harry Barbee, (St. Louis, Mo.) Dr. A. J. Grout, (Brooklyn, N. Y.)
Prof. H. C. Beardslee, (Ashville School, Dr. Halleck, (St. Louis, Mo.)

W.1G,): J. W. Hammond, (Blaine.)
Cora May Box, (Cincinnati.) Mrs. Agnes M. Hardinge, (Prin. Alcott
Lee F. Chaney, (O. S. U.) School, Chicago, Ill.)
F. H. Coombs, (Columbus. ) Mrs. C. G. Henderson, (Columbus. )
Mattie Conrad, (Barnesville. ) Dr. William Herbst, (Trexlertown, Pa.)
Elmer J. Coventry, (Barnesville.) E. L. Hill, B. A., (Guelph, Ontario.)
Dr. N. S. Deaver, (Glenford.) Miss Lydia M. Hoge, (Tacoma.)
A. G. DeCamp, (Columbus.) Edward Hollis, (Milo.)
Mr. Charles Dichas, (Sidney.) Shelby C. Jones, (St. Louis, Mo.)
PA, Easton (Or si Ue Chas. W. Kellenberger, (Newark.)
Lloyd B. Edgerton, (Tacoma.) Cc. D. Kerr, (Gallipolis. )
Ed. J. Esch, (Pittsburg, Pa.) Maurice FE. Laird, (O. S. U.)
Miss Margaret Fulton, (Glencoe.) I. W. Leibensperger, (Columbus.)
Dr. James D, Geyer, (Sidney.) Frank R. Lunn, (Columbus. )

The Ohio metre ey Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all members of the:
Ohio Mycological Club. All eligible to membership who are interested in Nature or the Bul-
letin. Fee, 10 cents.

University Bulletin, Series 7, No. 25. Botanical Series No. 20

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 7

W. A. Kellerman, Ph.D., Ohio State University,

Columbus, Ohio, July 31, 1903.

Tue ILLusTrATIONS.— We are under obligations to Mr. Fred. J.
Braendle, Washington, D. C., for cuts Nos. 31 and 32. Others by the
same artist will be awaited with pleasure. The handsome Morel, cut No.
33, is taken from B. O. Longyear’s Experiment Station Bulletin on
Michigan Mushrooms.

PRONUNCIATION OF NAMES.— Many names will doubtless be new
to readers of the Bulletin; but really they are not at all difficult—no more
so than Ge-ra’-ni-um, or Rhi-noc’-e-ros. I regret that English usage

Fig. 31. Hy-pho-lo’-ma sub-lat-er-i’-titum. Edible. The spores are purple brown
and there is no annuus in this genus. Cut from photo by Fred J. Braendle, Wash-
ington, D. C. The specific name alludes to the color of the cap which is nearly a
brick red, sometimes tawny. The margin is lighter in color. The plant grows on
old stumps or appears to come from the ground, being from buried portions of stumps
or roots. Plants represented one-half natural size.

Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, O.

f bS
or)

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 7.

will not always allow them to be pronounced according to their ety-
mology or meaning. For example, it would be fortunate if we could
say Myr-i-o-sto’-ma—which means many moaths— instead of Myr--
os’-to-ma which is misleading (but I should have pronounced it so on
p. 19, Fig. 25!). Bui-spo-ra would better tell us two-spores than bis’-
po-ra; Pol-y—po’-rus, many pores, than Pol—yp’-o-rus; but the laws of
evolution of language like Nature’s other laws, are inexorable.

Fig. 82. Am-an-i’-ta stro-bil-i-for’-mis. Pine-cone Am-an-i’-ta. Edible. White or
cinerous, sometimes yellow on the disc, rough with angular, mostly persistent warts.
Many species of this genus are poisonous, but McIlvaine says it is among the best
of species; it has a strong, pungent, unmistakable odor, like chloride of lime, which
entirely disappears in cooking. ‘lhe species of this genus (Amanita) have a conspic-
uous vol’-va, or universal veil, completely enveloping the young plant. Cut from
photo by Fred J. Braendle, Washington, D. C.

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 7.

bo
Sd |

Fig. 33. Mor-chel’-la bis’-po-ra. Two-spored Morel amid its natural surroundings.
The cut kindly furnished by B. O. Longyear, Agricultural College, Mich., who says
this is one of our earliest Morels, often appearing with the opening of the pussy
willows and the advent of the early warbler. It is the rarest and most delicate mem-
ber of its tribe. The pileus or cap is thimble-shaped, with the ridges running mostly
from top to bottom, and it is fastened to the stem only at the very apex. Color buft
or brownish yellow, white underneath. The smooth white stem is usually three or

four inches tall, hollow, and often a little swollen near the base. The whole fungus
is tender and fragile.

28 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 7.

lig. 34. Ma-ras’-mi-us co-he’-rens. Edible. Cuts from specimens collected at
Columbus, Ohio. Color chestnut, light leather color or tawny. Gills and stem red-
dish brown, shining, due to colored cys-tid’-i-a, or spicules which can be distinguished
by a lens. ‘this elegant species grows on the ground or very rotten wood. Name
used by Peck is Col-lyb-’-i-a co-he’-rens, or C. spin-u-lif/-er-a.

MEMBERS OF THE OHIO MYCOLOGICAL CLUB—SEVENTH LIST.

Prof. Wm. B. Alwood, (Va. Polytech. Ethel McLane, (Barnesville.)

Inst.) Nannie Miller, (Barnesville. )
Miss Constance Backus, (Glencarlyn, W. C. Morse, (Columbus.)
Va.) Prof. W. J. Morse, (Burlington, Vt.)
Dr. J. H. Barnhart, (Editor Torrey Bul- Ella Morton, (Barnesville. )
letin.) Prof. D. M. Mottier, (Indiana Univer-
J. N. Baskett, (Mexico, Mo.) sity.)
Angie Bates, (Detroit, Mich.) Louis Murbach, (Detroit, Mich.)
Wm. Gurley Beatty, (Columbus.) (xp UAE Neiswender, (OS. WA)
Mrs. N. F. Bowers, (Axline.) Prof. W. Paddock, (Colo. Exp. Sta.)
Dr. J. F. Brenckle, (Kulm, N. D.) S. A. Pancoast, (Ashtabula. )
F. B. Bryant, (Richwood.) fi K. Porterfield, (Barnesville.)
Prof. Geo. IF. Colton, (Hiram College.) essie Reed, (Barnesville.)
Louis E. Cook, M. D., (Cincinnati.) ie We Richards, (Sharpsville, Pa.)
Dr. W. M. es Coplin, (Jefferson Medical Miss Mary E. Riley, (Chicago, III.)
College, Pa.) John J. Schoonhoven, (Brooklyn, N. Y.)
| ithe Be Davis, Norwich, N. Y. James G. Sherman, (Columbus.)
Mary A. DeCamp, (S. Zanesville.) Chas. Sherwood, (Iremont.)
Franx L. Doering, (Wapakoneta.) W. H. Sherzer, (Ypsilanti, Mich.)
R. HH. Denniston, (University of Wis- Lillie Shumard, (Madisonville, )
consin. ) Supt: J. Simkins, (St.. Marys.)
Herman B. Dorner, (Lafayette, Ind.) Geo. E. Smith, (O. S. Us
J. Fletcher, LL. D., (Ottawa Exp. Farm.) Orma J. B. Smith, (Jamestown. )
Louis A. Greata, (Los Angeles, Cal.) Anna Snyder, (Barnesville.)
W. H. Everhart, (Athens. ) Mrs. Charles B. Stevens, (Newark.)
E. E. Ewell, (Atlanta, Ga.) B. O. Stingel, (Coshocton.)
J. A. Frey, (Canton). Prof. J. Russell Taylor, (O. S. U.)
A. L. Herrera, (City of Mexico.) Miss Anna F. Thompson, (Summit,
Helen 1. Hinman, (Columbus.) iN Be A
Henry Loth, V.S., |Cincinnati.) Wm. Whitacre, (O. S. U.)
ike Maar. (OS. Us). T. Otto Williams, (Everts High School,
Helen Mackall, (Barnesville.) (Circleville. )
Ira F. Mansfield, (Beaver, Pa.) Mabel Wilson, (Barnesville.)
John Marion, (Columbus. )’ Cre voung, Re Mills.)
GoM. McClure, Ors. UW) Re Aes POungy 1CO> 5...)

The Ohio. Mycological Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all members of the
pen: M bat ical nts All eligible to membership who are interested in Nature or the Bul-
etin ee cents.

University Bulletin, Series 8, No. 4. Botanical Series No. 21

Ohio M. ‘ycological Bulletin No. &

es W. A. Kellerman, Ph.D., Ohio State University,

i

Columbus, Ohie, August 31, 1903.

Lookinc Forwarp. — The warm rains of late summer and early fall
will bring hosts of interesting and curious Mushrooms, and all those who
search in the woods and fields for these strikine forms of vegetation will
doubtless be rewarded with a bountiful harvest. Hoping that the But-
LETIN may aid in the study of these plants, I may say that the subscrip-
tions (and donations) so far warrant the promise of a Number each of
the remaining months of the growing season. If the members will tell
all their interested neighbors and friends the “price 10 cents,” and both
teachers of nature-study in the grades and teachers of science in the
High Schools would take active interest in the matter, perhaps the
treasury of the publication company would soon be overflowing, and in

f Fig. 35. Hyd’-num cor-al-loi’-des. Coral Fungus. Edible. Pure white; grow-
ing in woods on rotten logs, etc. Rather common and often quite large. Cut from
a photograph taken by T. Otto Walliams, Circleville, Ohio.

Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, O.

50 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 8.

that case two Numbers could be issued each month. It will be the aim
to figure the commoner, more interesting and striking forms, thus it is
hoped rendering much service to beginners and amateurs. Photographs
are solicited from members of the Club. These should show the plants
natural size, or if the specimens are large the photos should be at least
four inches wide in case it is desirable to use them in making cuts for
the Bulletin. Thanks are extended for photographs already kindly sent.

Tue Hyp-Nums.— These curious forms are usually abundant in the
woods in late summer and fall and their conspicuous spines (always
pointed downwards) will reveal their character at once. This is the
fruiting (spore-bearing) surface, peculiar to the family Hyd-na’-ce-ae.
They are excellent for the table if taken when young and fresh. The
striking photo, kindly sent by Mr. T. Otto Williams, teacher of Sciences
in the Circleville High School, of the Coral Hedgehog Mushroom has
been used in making Fig. No. 35. From the main stem successive branches
appear and terminate in graceful shoots; from the under side of these
the short spines hang. It can thus be easily distinguished from the
Bear’s-head Hyd’-num (H. cap’-ut-ur’-si) in which the spines are clustered
at the ends of the thick branches. Medusa’s Head (Hyd-num cap‘ut-
me-du’-sae), and Satyr’s Beard (Hyd’-num er-i-na’-ce-us), differ but
slightly from the preceding and will doubtless be found by all the Hydnum
hunters.

Tue Oyster MusHroom. — This name has been’ given to the Agaric
called Pleu-ro’-tus os-tre-a’-tus, because “the form of the plant some-
times suggests the outline of an oyster shell.” It is a very common edible
Mushroom belonging to a white-spored genus [Pleu-ro’-tus] of the Aga-
rics, easily recognized by the eccentric or lateral stem; the pi-le-us, or
cap, may in some cases be attached at one side, i. e., more or less
shelving, or in some species it may be re-su'-pi-nate, that is to say, the
upper side lying directly against the wood on which the plant is grow-
ing. The species figured in this Number of the Bulletin (Fig. 38) is
supposed to be Pleu-ro’-tus sap’-i-dus—a form so nearly like the one
named above that even so eminent authority as Professor Peck sug-
gests that it may be only a variety of the Oyster Agaric. I think it also
may as well be called the “Oyster” Mushroom—hbecause beginners and
amateurs, and botanists generally, would not likely separate the two.
Specific limits (if there are any here) can also just as safely be ignored
by the mycophagists. The spores are tinged with lilac when seen in

Fig. 36. Sar-co-scy’-pha oc-ci-den-ta’-le. Western Peziza. On rotten twigs on
the ground. Cup red orange within. Photogiaph from specimen collected at San-

dusky, Ohio.

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 8. 31

mass — but the color ‘‘seems to be the only distinguishing character and
this may not be constant.”

One may expect to find in our region also the Elm Pleu-ro’-tus
(P. ul-ma’-ri-us), so called because often found growing on the dead
branches or trunks, or from wounds in living trees, of the Elm. It is
not, however, confined wholly to the Elm. “It is a large species,” as
Atkinson says, “easily distinguished from the Oyster Agaric and the
other related species by its long stem attached usually near the center of
the cap, and by the gills being rounded or notched at their inner ex-
tremity.”

Another interesting Pleurotus is the Petal-like Agaric (Pleu-ro’-tus
pet-a-loi’-des), fine specimens of which were found at Columbus in the
spring, growing by the sidewalk, apparently from the ground but in
reality from rotten wood underground. It grows also on fallen branches
and trunks and on stumps. The plant is usually ascending or nearly
upright in position, somewhat spatulate in form or broad above and tap-
ering downward into a short stem. The margin is at first turned in-
ward. The color may be white, but is also sometimes fale reddish or
brown. A peculiar character serving well to make the identification of
this small species quite certain, is the fussy appearance of the gills when
looked at with a pocket lens, or even with sharp eyes. It is due to the
presence of numerous enlarged cells of peculiar form, called the cys-
tid’-1-a,

PE-zI-ZA’-CE-AE. — The interesting Pe-zi’-za Family has already been
referred to (p. 15) and some figures given. We include in this Number
two cuts of charming forms that botanists place in this group. While
they are too small to be favorably regarded from the esculent point of
view, they could not go unheeded by those who notice the peculiar growths
and beautiful colors in nature. These and other species may be found
in shady woods that have not been despoiled by the demands of agri-
culture and other destructive industries of civilization. The brilliant
cups of Pezizas Fig. 36 and 37, nestled in bright green moss and deli-
cate fern, might form a center-piece for the dining table that would
complement the pleasure of the delicious viands. Their aesthetic use
justifies the encroachment we make on the space of the Bulletin pages,
though of course half-tones illy show them—expensive colored figures
might almost do them justice. The Pezizas retain their shape and bright
color equally long, even longer than the best boquets of flowers—proper
moistening or protection from excessive evaporation enhancing their period
of usefulness.

Fig. 37. Sar-co-scy’-pha floc-co’sa. Floccose Peziza. On rotten branches on the
ground. Cup bright red within and surrounded by long, white hairs. Stem and
outside of cup whitish. Photograph from specimens collected at Sandusky, Ohio.

24 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 8.

Fig. 38. Pleu-ro’-tus sap’-i-dus. Oyster Agaric. Edible. On dead trunks and
branches, or dead portions of living trees. White, but the color may vary to
yellowish, gray, brownish, or lilac. Spores white or tinged with lilac, as seen in
mass when caught on paper. Photo from specimens at Cedar Point Sandusky), Ohio.

MEMBERS OF THE OHIO MYCOLOGICAL CLUB — EIGHTH LIST.

Stanbery Alderman, (McConnelsville.) Miss Pearl Huff, (Warren, Ind.)
W. H. Baker, (Trenton, Mo.) Miss N. C. Kinney, (Cleveland.)
3ibliothéque Universitaire, (Rennes, A. F. Lane, (Milwaukee, Wis.)
France. ) Myrtle Leighley, (Hartsville.)
Fred J. Braendle, (Washington, D. C.) W. H. Lennon, (Brockport, N. NEM
Mrs. W. H. Brett, (Cleveland.) Massachusetts Horticultural Society,
jee. Britton, (U.S. Dept, Agr:; (Boston. )
Washington, D. C.) H. P. McCoy, (Youngstown.)
Chas. E. Brown, (Public Museum, Mil- Mrs. Chas. A. Muller, (Baltimore, Md.)
waukee, Wis.) Mrs. Henrietta Page, (Boston, Mass.)
C. J. Carter, (Urbana High School. Louis Prang, (New York, N. Y.)
Miss J. F. Conant, (Melrose, Mass.) Miss May C. Ranson, (Cincinnatt.)
Roscoe Conklin, (Brockport, N. Y.) Katherine E. Reese, (Anna.)
John Dawley, (Chillicothe. ) Prin. W. E. Riggs, (Bridgeport.)
Mr. Chas. C. Deam, (Bluffton, Ind.) Cc. B. Riker, (New York, N. Y.)
R. H. Denniston, (Univ. of Wisconsin.) Dr. Randle C. Rosenberger, (Jefferson
Mons. H. Dupret, (Sem. of Philosophy, Medical College, Pa)
Montreal, Can.) L. W. Ross, (Scranton, Pa.)
Charles Elliott, (Chillocothe.) S. N. FP. Sanford, (CSoc= Nat: Biste
Geo. B. Fessenden, (Boston, Mass.) Fall River, Mass.)
Pierson L. Halsey, (Milwaukee, Wis.) Dr. Edward M. Shepard, (Drury Col-
Jennie Harmon, (Steubenville.) lege, Springfield, Mo.)
H. H. Hayman, (Wooster) B. B. Smyth, (Topeka, Kans.)
W. B. Herms, (German Wallace Coll.) Sophie Stork, (Hudson.)
Mrs. W. B. Herms, (Berea.) Otto H. Swezey, (Columbus.)
2. FE. Hoerger, (Beach City.) Dr. L. H. Watson, (Chicago, III.)
Prof. O. P. Hood, (Michigan College of Wm. W. Weir, (Detroit, Mich.)
Mines. ) Miss C. P. White, (Grand Haven,
Margaretha E. C. Horn, (Detroit High Mich.)

School, Mich.)

The Ohio tot a da Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all members of the
Ohio M Page ep Club. All eligible to membership who are interested in Nature or the Bul-
letin. Fee, 10 cents.

University Bulletin, Series 8, No. 5. Botanical Series No. 22

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 9

W. A. Kellerman, Ph.D., Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio, September 30, 1903.
Notes. — The Jack-my-Lantern fungus or as the learned call it,

Cli-toc’-y-be il-lu’-dens, has been sent oftener than any other species, and
the belief is often expressed that it would be good to eat. Unfortunately

~ -

Fig. 39. Hairy Poly’porus. Po-ly-stic’-tus hir-su’-tus. A very common but tough
species, easily recognized by the dense coating of hairs on upper surface. Both
upper and lower surfaces are shown in figure; from photograph of specimens col-
lected at Columbus.

Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, O.

54 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 9.

this attractive species is not edible. It is a conspicuous yellow Toad-
stool, a gill-fungus that grows most commonly about old stumps or
dead trees or rotting gate-posts. The color throughout in young speci-
mens is a rich saffron yellow, but in old plants the color becomes sordid
or brownish. The stems may be three-fourths inch in diameter or thicker,
and the plants eight or ten inches high. This interesting point can be
easily verified, namely, that the gill-portion (or under side of the cap)
is phosphorescent, 7. e. luminous after dark; take a fresh young specimen
to the house and in a dark room the experiment can be tried. This
species is abundant in the summer and early fall.

Supt. J. N. Baker reports a Puff-ball at Bowling Green 14 inches
in diameter. The dimensions of a Po-ly’-po-rus sul-fu’-re-us, the Sul-
phur-colored Pol’-ypore, “27 inches across the top, 16 inches deep and
7 or 8 inches thick, weight about 16 lbs.,” are reported by Miss Myrtle
Leighley, Hartville, Ohio.

Mr. Willis H. Ropes, member of the Boston Mycological Club, says
“last Monday we had eighty-eight varieties on the plates” at Salem,
Mass., where Mushroom exhibitions and lectures are being held.

Two unusual specimens of the Col-lyb’-i-a rad-i-ca’-ta were found
in a woods near Sandusky during the summer. They were growing on
itat. The “root,” 7. e. lower tapering end
of the stem, could not penetrate the rather firm though very rotten wood
and therefore had not at all developed; it was a “root-less’” rad-i-ca’-ta.
The other specimen had developed its “root’’— but it was turned at a
right angle following the surface of the matrix on which it rested. This
neat edible species is a very common one, its root-like stem below being
very characteristic; we hope to have a half-tone of it in the BULLETIN
later.

Next YEArR.— Thanks are extended to all who have taken interest
in the BuLLETIN and mycological matters in general, and now also especi-
ally to those who have kindly sent the subscription for 1904! I have lately
persuaded myself to say that the BULLETIN will be issued on the same
basis next year, “price 10 cents.” This amount pays but a portion of
the cash expense, but the generosity of interested “persons with means”
will doubtless enable me to defray all costs. Some friends in foreign
countries have requested the copies as issued, and for them I am obliged
to fix the price at 25 cents, to cover postage. Those sending 10 cents
now will receive all the 1903 Numbers issued —as long as copies are
available. The above announcement has been called forth prematurely —
though the contribution box is already open; other numbers of the But-
LETIN will appear this year.

Tue Pot’-y-pores, or Pore-Funcrt.— This large group is called
Pol-y’-po-ra-ce-ae (sound the “y” like short “i’’), because there is a
honey-combed fruiting surface on the lower side of the plants; in
other words, there are many pores, which is the real meaning of the
name of the group. They are also called Bracket-fungi or Shelf-fungi,
alluding to the general form and method of attachment to trees, logs and
stumps, where most of the species are to be found. They are the com-
monest of all fungi and everyone who ever went to the woods has seen
them. The cuts shown will give a fair idea of some of the striking forms
— but the subject will be taken up in a later BULLETIN.

It should perhaps be explained at once that the name of the group
is formed from the name Po-ly’-po-rus which was given to these char-
acteristic plants by the early botanists. In 1851 Fries broke up the group
(ge’-nus) into three gen’-er-a (this is the plural for ge’-nus), using
the names for them as follows: Fo’-mes, Pol-y-stic’-tus and Po’-ri-a.

oF

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 9. BO

Now other ge-ner-ic names are coming into use as Gan-o-der’-ma, Py-
ro-po-ly’-po-rus, Scu’-ti-ger, Po-ro-dis’-cus and goodness knows how
many others. However, we will leave all these to the refined botanist,
and use Po-ly’-po-rus as a common rame for the whole lot.

Fig. 40. Beech and Birch Poly’-porus. Fe’-mes fo-men-ta’-ri-us. A woody
species very abundant on old trunks of Birch and Beech trees — sometimes on other
hosts. The plant is perennial —the annual layers showing very plainly in the large
specimen. The cut was made from photographs of specimens collected in the moun-
tains of West Virginia, where it is one of the commonest species on the Yellow Birch.
Being a hardy, woody species, it is of course not edible. It is a conspicuous and
easily recognizable saprophyte (i. e. living on dead organic matter). It is not known
to grow on living trees—in other words, it is never a parasite as a few of the
Polypori are now known to be.

56 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 9.

MEMBERS OF THE OHIO MYCOQ-
LOGICAL CLUB—NINTH LIST:

Chas. A. Aiken, (Wellesley Farms, Mass.)

A. Prescott Baker, (boston, Mass.)

Supt. J. N. Baker, (Bowling Green.)

Wm. C. Bates, (Newton, Mass.)

Mrs. Eliza B. Blackford, (Boston Mu-
seum of Fine Arts.)

Miss Alice Brenckle, (Milwaukee, Wis.)

Miss Maud Brown, (lowa City, lowa.)

Caroline A. Burgin, (Minnewaska, N. Y.)

Mr. W. R. Butcher, (St. Clairsville.)

G. W. Callin, (Bowling Green.)

Mrs. Chas. Cochran, (McConnelsville.)

Miss M. A. Coe, (Boston, Mass.)

Miss Catharine M. Connor, (Petersham,
Mass.)

Miss Mabel Cook, (Petersham, Mass.)

Mr. S. S. Crosby, (Cambridge, Mass.)

C. B. DeWeese, (Sidney.)

Miss Georgia H. Emery, (Newton, Mass.)

John H. Fiebing, (Milwaukee, Wis.)

Dr. Geo. E. srancis, (Worcester, Mass.)

Mrs. Elisabeth Gay, (Petersham, Mass.)

John W. Grabiel, (Bowling Green.)

Miss Bernice L. Hang, (Detroit, Mich.)

Mrs. Carolyn W. Harris, (Brooklyn, N.
¥%)

C. L. Harrison, (Newton, Kansas.)

Prof. Paula Herr, (Lincoln Memorial
University.)

Charles Herrick, (Columbus.)

Miss M. L. Hersey, (Chelsea, Mass.)

L. D. Hill, (Bowling Green.)

H. A. Holridge, (Lima.)

J. D. Hooper, (McConnelsville.)

Mr. W. L. Jeffers, (Belmont.)

S. A. Jones, (U. S. Navy Dept.)

ous Elizabeth H. Kellogg, (Hoboken,
Nef)

Miss Verna V. Kennon, (Barnesville.)

Mary King, (Canton.)

Mrs. John K. Lathrop, (Summit, N. J.)

Miss Emma E. Laughlin, (Barnesville.)

F. Llewellyn, (Mexico, Mo.)

I’. A. Loew, (Agricultural College, Mich.)

R. B. MacKintosh, (Peabody, Mass.)

Geo, J. Magly, (Columbus.)

F. L. Maris, (Bethesda.)

Nina L. Marshall, (Metuchen, N. J.)

Mary L. McCutchan, (State Normal
School, Whitewater, Wisc.)

E. L. Mendenhall, (Washington C. H.)

©. Mitchel, (Sanford, Fla.)

Samuel C. Moon, (Morrisville, Pa.)

Miss E. Laura Moore, (Lowell, Mass.)

feo. FE. Morris, (Waltham, Mass.)

Miss Caroline Morse. (Lowell, Mass.)

Hlenry Moser, (Wapakoneta.)

Wm. McMurray, (Wapakoneta.)

Dr. Lyman C. Newell, (State Normal
School, Lowell, Mass.)

Andrew Nickle, (Sharpsville. Pa.)

Mrs. M. A. Noble, (Lake Helen, Fla.)

G. W. Page,. (Lowell, Mass.)

Mrs. F. A. Peirce, (Brookline, Mass.)

Mrs. Benj. Percival, (lynn, Mass.)

Charles C. Plitt, (Baltimore, Md.)

W.. L. Poteat, (Wake Forest, N. CG.)

S. Rapp, (Sanford, Fla.)

I’, D. Robbins, (Boston, Mass.)

Fig. 41. Vhatched Poly’porus, or Thatched Pol’-y-pore. Fo’-mes grav~e-6-lens.
A remarkable woody species, mostly subglobose or polycephalous; elongated on
standing trunks. When fresh, has a strong, disagreeable odor, hence the specific
name. It was formerly called P. con-glo-ba’-tus. From photograph of specimen
collected by L. F. Cheney, at Pricetown, Ohio,

The Ohio Mycolo ical Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all members of the
Ohio M poanlen Club. All eligible to membership who are interested in Nature or the Bul-
letin. Fee, 10 cents.

University Bulletin, Series 8, No. 6. Botanical Series No. 23

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. ro

W. A. Kellerman, Ph.D., Ohio State University,

Columbus, Ohio, October 30, 1903.

Notes— One more Bulletin will be issued this season, some time in
November. At that time or later a Title-page and Index will be furn-
ished, closing Volume I. Ouly a few copies of this set or Volume (for
1903) are left and therefore you should not ask your friends to become
subscribers for the current year, but I will be pleased to have their names
for the 1904 list. The Bulletin will be issued next year and sent to all
members for the same price as heretofore, namely, 10 cents.

But I wish to issue twice as many Numbers next year —and therefore
the expense will be greatly increased. Besides, the cash cost of the Bul-
letin for this year has not been fully met by the fee—and it was not

expected that it would be wholly met. Some friends have assisted and
I take pleasure in donating a mite now and then to the cause myself.

I am prompted to keep (privately) a regular Cash Donation List —
to the end that those who are able and interested may enjoy additional
pleasure with me. Such a list is now begun, and $20.00 is the first amount
put down! But a child’s penny, or nickel from the school boy, or larger
amounts from others, will be gratefully accepted, and all that is received

Fig. 42. Pa’-nus dor-sal’-is. Dorsal Pa’-nus. An elegant species but somewhat
tough and leathery. It grows on stumps and trunks — conspicuous by reason of its
tawny-orange color. Photograph from specimens collected at Columbus, Ohio.

Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-offce at Columbus, O.

38 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. ro.

will be devoted to the cash expense involved in making the Bulletin as
useful as possible. The membership fee will be in 1904, as now, 10 cents,
and all members will receive the Bulletin as issued. A new list of mem-
bers will be prepared for 1904. The books are open now.

PamPpHLeEtT.— Attention should be called to the fact that certain
Reports of the New York State Museum are offered for sale. For exam-
ple, the interesting and valuable “Report of the State Botanist for 1901,”
by Charles H. Peck, contains (besides technical matter) popular descrip-
tions of eleven species of Edible Fungi accompanied by plates. This re-
port can be obtained for forty cents. (Report for 1902, fifty cents.) Ad-
dress, Director New York State Museum, Albany, N. Y.

GALL.— A gall on a Mushroom is something out of the ordinary, ap-
parently never reported heretofore in mycological literature,—and yet this
is what is described and figured by Charles Thom in the September No.
of the Botanical Gazette. The gall was on the pileus of the common little
Om-pha-li-a cam-pan-el-la. The pileus is ordinarily less than one milli-
meter in thickness, or together with the gills less than three millimeters.
The white mass of the gall, homogeneous in section, was about eight milli-
meters in radial diameter, six millimeters in thickness, and twelve to fif-
teen millimeters in length.

ACCENTUATION OF NAMES (A PARAGRAPH FOR STUDENTS ).—In the Octo-
ber No. of the Journal of Mycology, Miss Ivy Kellerman explains the “ap-
parent dogmatism” in the matter of accentuation of compound names, and
possibly brief instructive transcripts may not be “all Greek” to every one.
She says: “There are certain Indo-European laws of accentuation which
are seen to be distinct from changes occurring in the individual languages.
One of the most general of the laws pertaining to nouns and adjectives
may be stated as follows: Compounds, consisting of one word dependant
upon another in a grammatical relation, keep the accent of the dependant
word for the accent of the compound as a whole. The survival of the
law to the present time is shown by such examples from the Teutonic
branch as English puff-ball, apple-tree, black-berry, or German Apfel-wein,
sonnen-blume, blati-beere. From the Balto-Slavic branch may be adduced
Lithuanian vasaré-sziltis “summer warmth,’ and saulzhole “heliotrope,”
and Russian né-vidko ‘‘not to be seen.” A moment’s consideration will
show how logical this law is. The dependant word, usually an adjective,
or a noun in a case relation, brings a new idea or broadens the one already
present in the word to which it is united, and so it naturally receives the
greater amount of stress. The rule holds whether the dependant element
precedes or follows the foundation word. . . . . In Greek, however,
which is of especial interest to the botanist, certain changes took place.
A law developed that no accent might recede farther from the end of a
word, either simple or compound, than the third syllable from the end.
This is the case if the quantity of the last syllable be short; if it is long,
the accent may recede only as far as the second syllable from the end.
It will at once be recognized that this secondary law often shifts the accent
of the emphatic word in a compound to a different syllable from the one
upon which it originally rested. For instance, myrio-st6ma would in pre-
historic Greek have become myrio-stoma, like the Sanskrit sahasra-mukha
of almost the same meaning quoted above. But, in the earliest records
we have, Greek had already completed the shifting due to the law of re-
cessive accent, and therefore we find myrid-stoma. So also cary’o-spora,
if it had occurred in early Greek, would have been cary O-spora. :
When the foundation word is more than three syllables in length, or has
a long final syllable, it is evident that the law of recessive accent must
withdraw the emphasis completely from the preceding dependant word.
An example of this is poly-céphalum, which would have been poly’ -cepha-
lum in prehistoric Greek, from the elements “poly’” and “cephalé,”’ which
naturally had to undergo such a compromise when they became united into
one word.”

Fig. 48. Po-lyp’-o-rus_ bet-u-li’nus. [More recently written
ro’-sus.] Birch Pol’-ypore. Leathery or rather woody.
specimen collected by C. F. Baker
six and a fourth by nine inches.

Pip-to-po’-rus sub-e-
Photograph from a herbarium
in Wisconsin in 1897. The fungus measured
The cut has been reduced to about five ninths
of these measurements, and therefore the pores on the lower surface are not
distinct: even the peculiar conspicuous elongated hair-like scales attached to the
pore-surface are not clearly represented in the half-tone.

40 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. ro.

Fig. 44. Bul-ga’-ri-a in-qui’-nans. Black Pe-zi’-za. A tough-fleshy dull-black
species growing on rotten sticks in leaf-mould in shady woods. Perhaps s-arcely
palatable — though the fragile Pe-zi’-zas are excellent food. Puotograph from speci-
mens collected at Sandusky, Ohio.

MEMBERS OF THE .OHIO. MYCOLOGICAL CLUB — TENTH Bist,

Miss E. C, Bates, (Philadelphia, Pa.) Miss Garoline Roberts, (Baltimore, Md.)
Harry A: Bird, (Plainfield, N. J.) Wilton Ropes, (Sal:m, Mass.)

Me IO} Burby~ (OLS. US) Chas: . Russell, (Bowling Green.)
Milton Burnett, (Mishawaka, Ind.) Mr, €. P. Russell, (Lake Helen, Fla.)
Geo. L. Cannon, (Denver, Colo.) aS E. Schatzel, (Bowling Gre=n.)

Mr. J. H. Chadborn, (Waban, Mass.) S) C. Schmucker, (West Chester, Pa.)
L. Lenore Conover, (Detroit, Mich.) : S. Schweibold, (Xenia.)

Mrs. J. S. Cushing, (Norwood, Mass.) John H. Sears, (Salem, Mass.)

Dr. F. F. Dennis, (Valparaiso, Ind.) Helen Sherman, (Madison, Wisc.)

Miss M. T. Draper, (Childrens’ Museum, Dr. Lewis Sherman, (Milwaukee, Wisc.)
Brooklynn Inst. Arts & Sci.) Miss F. A. Smythe, (Boston, Mass.)
Miss Nannie Dunn, (Columbus.) Mrs. H. P. Starkweather, (Lake Helen,

ye oNs Prank, (@2¢S.5 Us) Fa.)
Mrs. Mary Ream Fuller, (Library Dept. Lilias Steele, (Milwaukee, Wisc.)
Interior, Washington, D. C.) Mrs. J. C. Sweeney, (Dublin.)
Mrs. Harriet Gilbert, (Painesville.) Prof. T. O. Sweetland, (Kulm, N. D.)
Mrs. Henry T. Gregory, (Southern Pines, F. M. Thompson, (Detroit, Mich.)
NWN... G:) Irven Travis, (McConnelsville.)
Geo. Hall, (Fostoria.) Harry H. Turner, (Columbus.)
Jno. G. Hathaway, (Chillicothe. ) C. H. Van De Griff, (Sidney.)
Miss Mary A. Hickman, (Greericastle, Miss Leonora Vinal, (Somerville, Mass.)
Ind.) Vintry Weaver, (Huntington, Ind.)
Miss Mabel Hunter, (Ironville, N. Y.) Miss Denise Wel-h. (Chicago, Ill.)
Miss Annie E. Jones, (Baltimore, Md.) J. T. Wells, Ir., (Wellesley Farms, Mass.)
M. Klein, (Boston, Mass.) Helen A. White, (Salem, Mass.)
O. G. Lenfgren, (Hyde Park, Mass.) Rev. Warren Whiteside, (Palmyra, Mo.)
Fred C. Messmer, (Sidney.) Rev. John Wild, (Hanover, Mass.)
Mrs. Ellen R. Miller, (Cleveland.) S. H. Wilkins. Tr., (Dartmouth Collegs.)
Morrill Memorial Library, (Norwood, Miss C H. Wi'liams, (Baltimore, Md.)
Mass. ) Mrs. Thos. A. Williams, (Memphis, Nebr.)
Miss May Morrow, (New York, N. Y.) Miss Maude Wilson, (Dayton.)
Wm. H. Partridge, (Boston, Mass.) Fred Wolfe, (Snear Library, Oberlin.)
Dr. H. J. Perry, (Boston, Mass.) Friiulein M. Wolters, (Manchester, Mass.)
Mrs. Sherwood Pinkerton, (Zanesville.) Miss Candace A. Yendes, (Wilkinsburg,
G. Reichling, (Brooklyn, N. Y.) Pa.)

Mrs. Emanuel Stern, (Newark, N. J.) Miss Lucy A. Yendes, (New York, N. Y.}
M. Riser, (Biological Laboratory, Adel-
bert College.)

The Ohio Mycological Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all members of the
at aa hie Hak on . All eligible to membership who are interested in Nature or the Bul-
etin. Fee, 10 cents.

University Bulletin, Series 8, No. 7. Botanical Series No. 24

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 11

W. A. Kellerman, Ph.D., Ohio State University,

Columbus, Ohio, November 20, 1903.

Enp oF VotuMeE I.— With the current issue, accompanied by title-
page and index (Bulletin No. 12), the first year of publication of the
Ohio Mycological Bulletin is brought to a close. Started as a mere ex-

Fig. 45. Len-ti’-nus vul-pi’-nus. This was kindly identified by Professor Morgan,
who calls attention to the inaccuracies in descriptions by botanists and remarks that
it is an “‘uncertain species anyway.” All of the species belonging to Len-ti’—-nus
are leathery or tough, or if fleshy, hardened when mature. The elegant specimens
from which the cut was made were found on a log in moist woods near Columbus,

Ohio.

Entered as Sécand Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, O.

42 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 71.

periment and for the pleasure and benefit of a few persons, it has grown
into a periodical of considerable popular interest —the large, mostly
unsolicited membership, perhaps, warranting such a statement. The text
offered, no less than the syl-lab-i-fi-ca’-tion and ac-cen-tu-a’-tion used,
has undoubtedly justified the claim that this Leaflet is primarily intended
for children in years and children in knowledge. It is hoped that the
numerous pictures of mushrooms have afforded both pleasure and _ profit.
Hearty thanks are extended to all who have taken interest in this mat-
ter, and special obligations are again expressed for the numerous spec-
imens, notes, sketches, and photographs kindly sent to the editor. A
special request is made that all subscribers forward at once the fee, ten
cents, for the Bulletin for 1904. No. 13 (first number for 1904), will be
sent out during January or early in February. It would be much appre-
ciated if members would kindly send subscriptions for some of their
friends, or take opportunity to call attention to the Bulletin. The fre-
quency of issue during the year will depend on the financial receipts —
and let us hope that two copies a month may appear during the Spring and
Fall, when mushrooms more conspicuously abound.

MEMBERSHIP OF THE Onto MycoLocicaL CLus.— The list of members
the current year reached the surprising number of seven hundred sixty-
five. An inspection of the published lists reveals the fact that equal
interest in mushrooms is to be credited to children, pupils, teachers, stu-
dents, amateurs, professional botanists and mycologists. It will be a re-
ciprocal benefit if the roll of members is largely increased for next year.
The experience of some of the high school teachers warrants a special
suggestion that classes in botany can advantageously devote a portion of
time to the higher fungi and that the Bulletin would be a material aid.

Back Numeers or THE BULLETIN.— It is most unfortunate that a
considerable demand for this Leaflet could not have been foreseen. Prac-
tically all of the first Numbers are exhausted. The price of the few com-
plete copies of Volume I must be placed at 50 cents—the proceeds to
apply on Bulletins for next year. A larger edition will be issued hereafter.

Portrait OF AN EmINeNtT Mycotocist.— It is with special pleasure
that I print as a worthy frontispiece to Volume I, a portrait of Professor
Charles H. Peck, of Albany, New York, to whom, far above all others,
we owe our extensive knowledge of the Mushrooms of the United States.
His numerous illustrated reports as State Botanist of New York are as
admirable as useful. It is fortunate that some of them are now placed
on sale by Mr. Fred. J. H. Merrill, Director of the New York State
Museum, Albany, N. Y.

MEMBERS OF THE OHIO MYCOLOGICAL CLUB— ELEVENTH LIST

Russell F. Balthes, (St. Louis, Mo.) J. G. Eastham, (Cincinnati.)
©. W. Barrett, (Mayaguez, Porto Rico.) F. E. Elliott, (Cincinnati.)

Carl W. Beane, (Cincinnati.) R. A. Elliott, (Cincinnati.)
V. L. Bell, (Cincinnati.) A. L. Faler, (Cincinnati.)
H. B. Boram, (Cincinnati.) G. W. Greggs, (Canadaigua, N. Y.)
M. F. Bettencourt, (Cincinnati.) Myron Hanna, (Cincinnati.)
Miss P. M. Bender, (Cincinnati.) M. V. Hazen, (Titusville, Penn.)
FE. R. Blough, (Cincinnati.) Dr. Charles Hoyt, (Chillicothe.)

L. Bowles, (Cincinnati.) Miss Ella Hutchinson, (Ashland, Nebr.)
J. T. Bowman, (Cincinnati.) A. C. Jenner, (Cincinnati.)
S. W. Bradstreet, Jr., (Cincinnati.) P. L. Jones, (Bellevue, Ky.)
S. A. Brown, (Cincinnati.) J. D. Keyser, (Cincinnati. )
E. J. Buten, (Cincinnati.) H. O. Kingsley, (Cincinnati.)
George H. Candlin, (Cincinnati.) Miss Elizabeth Kitzmiller, (Canton.)
Edith T. Cline, (DePauw University.) H. A. Kling, (Cincinnati.)
A. W. Cloud, (Canton.) C. Kyser, (Grenola, Kan.)
U. C. Coe, (Cincinnati.) Miss Reppa Larimore, (Chillicothe.)
Tt: FEF. Collins, (Valant, Penn‘) Ernest ©. Leighley, (Baltimore, Md.)
H. A. Conner, (Cincinnati.) Geo. R. Lyman, (Hanover, N. H.)
E. K. Conrad, (Cincinnati. ) A. C. Manning, (Philadelphia, Pa.)
M. A. Cooper, (Cincinnati.) P. M. Marshall, (Cincinnati.)
Miss Elizabeth Cox, (Canton.) Ira N. Martin, (Cincinnati. )
Miss Emma C. Cummings, (Brookline, M. W. Meadows, (Cincinnati.)

Mass. ) _ Elmer Miller, (Cincinnati.)
A. A. Dewey, (Cincinnati.) Dr. W. S. Moffatt, (Chicago, Ill.)
J. C. Dickinson, (Cincinnati.) Ir. A. North, (Cold Springs, Ky.)

Chas. D. Dunean, (Chillicothe.) Mrs. J. F. Osborn, (Cincinnati.)

Ohio Myoclogical Bulletin No. 11. 45

Fig. 46. Po-lyp’-o-rus rad-i-ca’-tus. Root Polypore. This is a fleshy-tough plant,
with a stem (called stipe) ec-cen-tric, that is, not attached to the center of the
cap. The majority of the commoner Polypores are “‘shelf-fungi’’ — not having a
stem, but attached directly to sides of tree trunks, stumps and logs. Figs. 39, 40,
41 and 48 are illustrations of such forms: they are hard leathery or woody plants.
The Po-lyp’-o-rus rad-i-ca’-tus has a long, tapering rootlike stem, black below.

Morgan says: “I find this plant, as Berkeley says, of various sizes, from the small
plant which Schweinitz describes, to five inches or more across with the stipe Six
inches or more in length; the long, tapering stipe penetrates the earth to a_ depth
of several inches, the tip being always attached to some portion of an old root.
The pileus is brown or blackish.” The cut, original with Prof. H. Garman, was
used first in Bulletin No. 96, Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.

44 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 11.

Fig. 47. Hyd’-num pul-cher’-ri-mum. Professor Morgan, to whom a sample was
sent, says: ‘“‘It is a very fine specimen! It is usually quite irregular and mostly
resupinate.”” The Latin specific name means most beautiful. The descriptive word
re-su’-pi-nate means applied directly to the log or sub-stratum, the spine-surface
only showing. The upper figure showing the lower surface of the fungus is con-
siderably reduced; the lower is a section from same specimen. Photograph from
specimens collected at Columbus, Ohio.

(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 42.)

E. G. Pagham, (Cincinnati.) S. L. Shumo, (Philadelphia, Pa.)

I, KE. Parker, (Cincinnati.) T. T. Sidener, (Cincinnati.)

H. FE. Price, (Cincinnati.) Robert J. Sim, (Jefferson.)

C. E. Putnam, (Boston, Mass.) Miss Minnnie M. Simon, (Baltimore,
Ay T. Rank, (Covett:) Md.)

D. KE. Rausch, (Cincinnati.) I, M. Sponseller, (Cincinnati.)

K. P. Reefy, (Cincinnati.) Miss Edna Stauffer, (Chillicothe.)
Vance T. Reynolds, (Port Union.) J. N. Thiel, (Cincinnati.)

A. E. Rhein, (Cincinnati. ) Ff. W. Vance, (Cincinnati.)

Miss Edna Richards, (Salem.) Byron Van Horn, (Cincinnati.)

J. Melvin Richards, (Bethesda.) H. E. Warner, (U. S. Dept. Interior,
Miss Eva A. Roach, (Chillicothe. ) Bureau of Pensions.)

Miss Caroline Roberts, (Baltimore, Md.) Harry R. Werner, (Thomas, W. Va.)
Willis H. Ropes, (Salem, Mass.) Geo. D. Whitacre, (Springfield.)

J. Melvin Richards, (Bethesda.) Alex KE. Wright,( Wellesley Hills, Mass.)
J. Saxton, (Cincinnati. ) Gardner W. Wood, (New York, N. Y.)
William Schilder, (Chillicothe.) G. F. €. Yost, (Cincinnati.)

J. C. Shafer, (Cincinnati.)

The Ohio Mycological Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all members of the
Ohio Mycological Club. All eligible to membership who are interested in Nature or the Bul-
letin. Fee, 10 cents.

University Bulletin, Series 8, No, 7. Botanical Series No. 24

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 12

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University.

Columbus, Ohio, November 21, 1903.

INDEX TO VOLUME I.

SUBJECTS.
Accentuation (for students), Morels, 2, 5, 12, 14.
page 38. Mushroom, parts of, 9.
An’-nu-lus, 10. My-ce’-li-um, 10.
Books, useful, on fungi. 2. Nature studv 3

9, 13, 31, 39, 34,

2.

Col-lyb’-i-a_rad-i-ca’-ta, deformed Peck’s reports, 38.
34 Pe-zi-za’-ce-x, 2, 31.

Coral fungi, 1. Pe-zi’-za family, 15.
Cup fungi, 2. Phal-la’-ce-z, 2.
Earth stars, 2. Pleu-ro’-tus, 30.
Exhibition of mushrooms, 14, 18. Pol-y-po-ra’-ce-e, 1, 34.
Fungi, group names, l. Pol’-y-pores, 34.
Gall on a mushroom, 38. Pore fungi, 1.
Ge-as’-ters, 2. Pronunciation of names, 25, 38.
Gill fungi, 1, 3. Puff-ball family, 2, 18.
Good locality, 19. Puff-balls, 2, 18, 19.
Groups of fungi, 1. Ring, 10.
Hel-vel’-la family, 2. Scale for measursment, 18.
Hel-vel-la’-ce-z, 2. Specimens, how to send, 8
Honey-comb fungi, 5. Specimens, good, 17.
Hyd-na’-ce-z, 1. Spine fungi, 1.
Hyd’-nums, 30. Spore-print, 10.
Introductory, 1. Stipe, 10.
Jack-my-lantern, 9. Structure (minute) of a mush-
Large Po-lyp’-o-rus, 34. room, 10
Large Puff-ball, 34. Study necessary, 9.
Ly-co-per-da’-ce-z, 2. Suggestions to teachers, 3.
Members, list, 4, 8, 16, 20, 24, 28, Vol’-va, 10.

32, 36, 40, 42, 44. Words explained, 1.

Mor-chel’-las, 5.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

A-gar’-i-cus rod-man’-i, page 22. Cup fungus, 2, 14, 15, 30, 31.
Am-an-i’-ta stro-bil-i-for’-mis, 26. Dorsal Pa-nus, 37.

Black Peziza, 40. Earth star 2; 19)

Bo-vis’-ta gi-gan-te’-a, 18 Floccose Peziza, 31.

Bul-ga’-ri-a in-qui’-nans, 40. Fo’-mes fo-men-ta’-ri-us, 35.
Carrion fungus, 2. Fo’-mes gray-e’-c lens, 36.
Co-pri’-nus co-ma’-tus, 17. Gill fungus, 2, 9, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28,
Coral fungus, 2, 29. Spe Bye

Entered as Second Class Matter, Postoffice, Columbus, Ohio.

44 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. rr.

Fig. 47. Hyd’-num pul-cher’-ri-mum. Professor Morgan, to whom a sample was
sent, says: “It is a very fine specimen! It is usually quite irregular and mostly
resupinate.”’ The Latin specific name means most beautiful. The descriptive word
re-su’-pi-nate means applied directly to the log or sub-stratum, the spine-surface
only showing. The upper figure showing the lower surface of the fungus is con-
siderably reduced; the lower is a section from same specimen. Photograph from
specimens collected at Columbus, Ohio.

(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 42.)

EK. G. Pagham, (Cincinnati.) S. L. Shumo, (Philadelphia, Pa.)

I E. Parker, (Cincinnati.) T. T. Sidener, (Cincinnati.)

H. E. Price, (Cincinnati.) Robert J. Sim, (Jefferson.)

C. E. Putnam, (Boston, Mass.) Miss Minnnie M. Simon, (Baltimore,
A. T. Rank, (Covett.) Md.)

D. KE. Rausch, (Cincinnati.) I. M. Sponseller, (Cincinnati.)

Kk, P. Reefy, (Cincinnati.) Miss Edna Stauffer, (Chillicothe.)
Vance T. Reynolds, (Port Union.) J. N. Thiel, (Cincinnati.)

A. FE. Rhein, (Cincinnati. ) fF, W. Vance, (Cincinnati.)

Miss Edna Richards, (Salem.) Byron Van Horn, (Cincinnati.)

J. Melvin Richards, (Bethesda.) H. E. Warner, (U. S. Dept. Interior,
Miss Eva A. Roach, (Chillicothe.) Bureau of Pensions.)

Miss Caroline Roberts, (Baltimore, Md.) Harry R. Werner, (Thomas, W. Va.)
Willis H. Ropes, (Salem, Mass.) Geo. D. Whitacre, (Springfield.)

J. Melvin Richards, (Bethesda.) Alex I. Wright,(Wellesley Hills, Mass.)
J. Saxton, (Cincinnati.) Gardner W. Wood, (New York, N. Y.)
William Schilder, (Chillicothe. ) Go BiG, Yost (Cincmnati>)

J. C. Shafer, (Cincinnati.)

The Ohio ea ag lay Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all members of the
eis je Fa Ha Club. All eligible to membership who are interested in Nature or the Bul-
etin. Fee, 10 cents.

University Bulletin, Series 8, No. 7. Botanical Series No. 24

Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 12

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University.

Columbus, Ohio, November 21, 1903.

INDEX TO VOLUME I.

SUBJECTS.

Accentuation (for students), Morels, 2, 5, 12, 14.

page 38. Mushroom, parts of, 9.
An’-nu-lus, 10. My-ce’-li-um, 10.
Books, useful, on fungi, 2. Nature study, 3.
Botanical names, 5. Notes by Editor, 9, 13, 31, 39, 34,
Carrion fungi, 2. 37, 41.
Charter Members of Club, 4. Oyster mushroom, 30.
Cla-var-i-a’-ce-z, 4. Parts of mushroom, 9.
Cli-toc’-y-be il-lu-dens, 33. Peck’s portrait, 42.
Col-lyb’-i-a_ rad-i-ca’-ta, deformed Peck’s reports, 38.

34. Pe-zi-za’-ce-x, 2, 31.
Coral fungi, 1. Pe-zi’-za family, 15.
Cup fungi, 2. Phal-la’-ce-z, 2.
Earth stars, 2. Pleu-ro’-tus, 30.
Exhibition of mushrooms, 14, 18. Pol-y-po-ra’-ce-z, 1, 34.
Fungi, group names, 1. Pol’-y-pores, 34.
Gall on a mushroom, 38. Pore fungi, 1.
Ge-as’-ters, 2. Pronunciation of names, 25, 38.
Gill fungi, 1, 3. Puff-ball family, 2, 18.
Good locality, 19. Puff-balls, 2, 18, 19.
Groups of fungi, 1. Ring, 10.
Hel-vel’-la family, 2. Scale for measursment, 18.
Hel-vel-la’-ce-z, 2. Specimens, how to send, 8.
Honey-comb fungi, 5. Specimens, good, 17.
Hyd-na’-ce-z, 1. Spine fungi, 1.
Hyd’-nums, 30. Spore-print, 10.
Introductory, 1. Stipe, 10.
Jack-my-lantern, 9. Structure (minute) of a mush-
Large Po-lyp’-o-rus, 34. room, 10.
Large Puff-ball, 34. Study necessary, 9.
Ly-co-per-da’-ce-z, 2. Suggestions to teachers, 3.
Members, list, 4, 8, 16, 20, 24, 28, Vol’-va, 10.

32, 36, 40, 42, 44. Words explained, 1.

Mor-chel’-las, 5.

ILLUSTRATIONS,

A-gar’-i-cus rod-man’-i, page 22. Cup fungus, 2, 14, 15, 30, 31.
Am-an-i’-ta stro-bil-i-for’-mis, 26. Dorsal Pa-nus, 37.

Black Peziza, 40. Earth star 2, 19.

Bo-vis’-ta gi-gan-te’-a, 18 Floccose Peziza, 31.

Bul-ga’-ri-a in-qui’-nans, 40. Fo’-mes fo-men-ta’-ri-us, 35.
Carrion fungus, 2. Fo’-mes grav-e’-c lens, 36.
Co-pri’-nus co-ma’-tus, 17. Gill fungus, 2, 9, 22, 28, 25, 26, 28,
Coral fungus, 2, 29. 32, 37.

Entered as Second Class Matter, Postoffice, Columbus, Ohio.

48 Ohio Mycological Bulletin No. 12.

Gill (structure), 10. Oyster Mushroom, 32.
Gy-ro-mi-tra brun’-ne-a, 16. Pa’-nus dor-sa’-lis, 37.

Hairy Polyporus, 33. Parts of a mushroom, 9.
Hel-vel’-la, 6, 24. Pepper-box Earth-star, 19.
Hel-vel’-la e-las’-ti-ca, 24. —~ Pezizas, 14, 15, 30, 31, 40.
Hir-ne-o’-la au-ric’-u-la-ju’de, 20. Pe-zi’ -za re- -tic- u- -la’-ta, 14, 15.
Hyd’-num cor-al-loi’-des, 29. Pleu-ro’-tus sap’-i-dus, 32.

Hyd’-num pul-cher’-ri-mum, 44. Po-lyp’-o-rus, 33, 35, '36, 39, 43.
Hy-pho-lo’-ma_sub-lat-er-i’-ti-um, | Po-lyp’-o-rus bet-u-li’- -nus, 39.
25 Po-lyp’-o-rus rad-i-ca’-tus, 43,

Jew’s ear, 20. Pol-y-stic’-tis hir-su’-tus, 33.
Len-ti-‘nus vul-pi’-nus, 41. Pore fungus, 2, 33, 35, 36, 39.
Lep-i-o’-ta ce-pzs’-ti-pes, 23. Puff-ball, 2, 18.
Ma-ras’-mi-us co-he’-rens, 28. Rodman’s Mushroom, 22.
Mor-chel’-la an-gus’-ti-ceps, 21. Root Polyporus, 48.
Mor-chel’-la bis’-po-ra, 27. Sar-co-scy’-pha floc-co’-sa, 31.
Mor-chel’-la con’-i-ca, 7. Sar-co-scy’-pha oc-ci-den-ta’-le, 30.
Mor-chel’-la_ de-li-ci-o’-sa, 11. Shaggy mane, 17.
Mor-chel’-la es-cu-len’-ta. 6. Spine fungus, 2, 44.
Mor-chel’-la sem-i-lib’-er-a, 13. Spore print, 11.

Morel, 2, 6, 7, 11, 13, 21, 27. Thatched Polyporus, 36.

Myr-i-os’-to-ma _ col-i-for’-mis, 19. Western Peziza, 30.
Onion-stem Ag’aric, 23.

Unless otherwise stated in connection with the figures, the photo-
graphs were made in the Botanical Department of the Ohio State Uni-
versity. Mr. O. E. Jennings, Assistant in Botany, deserves equal credit
with the editor, in case any of the work is meritorious.

Mycological Bulletin

(Nos. 13 to 24.)

7 1

VOLUME II
1904

Fie

W. A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D.

Ohio State University

J. B. ELLIS, Newfield, New Jersey,

An Eminent Mycologist.

CP aia” ee

Mycological Bulletin No. 13

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, February 27, 1904

THANKS ARE EXTENDED—to all who expressed their interest by joining
the Club last year and who are still with us, also to the new members, and
may their tribe increase! You may also enjoy this pleasant excerpt from an
interesting letter by Professor Peck, our leader in American Mycology.

“Tn renewing my subscription to the Mycological Bulletin, I wish to
congratulate you on the manifest success that has attended your efforts in
this direction. To one who can remember the time when there were scarcely
a half dozen men in this country interested in Mycology, your list of 765 sub-
seribers to your interesting and useful lttle publication shows that the
world does move ”

Fig. 48. Cua-VA-RI-A PYX-I-DA-TA. CoRAL Fun-aus. Edible. Of a dull or dirty white color,
rather firm texture, growing from rotten wood in shady grove. Photo of specimen collected at
Columbus, Ohio.

University Bulletin, Series 8, No. 9. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus,O .

50 Mycological Bulletin No. 13 (Hols eh

Drop On1o.—The membership of the Club, confined originally to the
people in the Ohio State University and in Ohio, has (I am glad to say) grown
so as to include a much wider area; therefore we may cast off the territorial
restriction and henceforth call our Leaflet the MycoLOoGICAL BULLETIN.

Or CourRsE—It is yet too cold to go out to get the Mushrooms, but
it is not too early to plan the expeditions. and to get ready for the work as
soon as warm weather is assured. Could not many young people make an

effort this year to sketch and paint some of the show y Mushrooms—perhaps
make a record of their characters, such as size, shapes, colors, odor, structure
It is impossible to dry the fleshy fun-gi in any way so as to retain their lite-
like colors and shape, hence the necessity of resorting to the pencil and
brush—but think of the pleasure!

Ir May Be—Well perhaps to state again at the very beginning of the
Second Volume that the MyconocicaL BULLETIN is not at all designed for ad-
vanced botanists, and professional mycologists, though their interest and as-
sistance is highly appreciated—at the same time some of the paragraphs may,
I fear, seem difficult to beginners and young people. At any rate all can
enjoy the illustrations of our common fun-gi published on these pages. In
fact, to send these out plainly labeled and with simple explanations, is the
main purpose of the enterprise. Here I may add (asifin parenthesis) that
24 persons have our thanks for contributions beyond the 10-cent fee.

Too TECHNICAL.—Several persons have made inquiry relative to the
‘JOURNAL OF MycoLoGy.” This we send only to specialists and students,
since mainly technical matter is included in the magazine. However, some
popular articles are published, and extended readable notes from mycological
literature are given in the six Numbers issued during the year; but the price
of the Journal is $2.00 per annum.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.—The photo of interesting little Ag-a-rics shown
in Fig. 49 was taken by Rev. W. Leon Dawson, our Ohio ornithologist, who
it seems has also an eye for the beautiful in Mushrooms. Supt. M. E. Hardis
a veteran in our line—for his taste see Fig. 50. Appreciation of their assis-
tance can be expressed in no better way than by requesting them to continue
their contributions! Itis hoped that many persons who use the camera
will send prints during the season. Notes as to the Mushrooms in any
locality will also be most welcome. For such favors thanks are extended
in advance.

CorAL FunGt.—These peculiar Mushrooms, a sample shown on _ the
preceding page, form a large family which the botanists call Cla-va-ri-d-ce-
ae which means: plants Ola-vd-ri-a like. Clavdria (the name of the
principal genus) was given in reference to their usual club-shape—the Latin
word Cléi-va meaning club. They are all upright plants, some of them
simple and club- shaped, but others more or less forked. Sometimes there
isa great mass of branches as shown in Fig. 48. They grow in shady woods
attached to decaying sticks or on rotten logs. They present a striking ap-
pearance—some of them being white, others brownish, yellow, red, or red-
tipped. Nearly ali ot the species are to be included in the edible list. A
few are viscid and jelly like—hormy when anys

AN ImporTANT SuBJEcT —In the next No. of the Bulletin some ac-
count will be given of the genns Am-a-ni-ta, eehaot includes the Death Cup,
the Fly Ag-a-ric, and several other poisonous Mushrooms. If we thoroughly
learn the different kinds, we would have no opportunity—certainly no ex-
cuse—for eating any but the numerous wholesome species.

THE LIST OF MEMBERS FOR 1904 WILL BE GIVEN IN THE NEXT AND SUCCEEDING NUMBERS.

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Mycological Bulletin No. 14

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio. March 26, 1904

Novre.—Requests for bound copies of the MycoLtogicaL BuLuetin, Vol.
I, have been complied with, anda very few copies may be obtained at an
advance of 25 cents in price, namely, 75 cents a copy.

Two OsBJects.—This No. of the Bulletin is designed to introduce the
genus of Mushrooms called AM-a-Ni-TA, which unfortunately contains
poisonous species; and at the same time to renew the notice relative to At-
kinson’s book on *‘MusHrooMsS EDIBLE AND PorIsonous,” which I regard as
the best work for every body to use.

PoRTRAIT.—The portrait of Professor Geo. F. Atkinson (with autograph)
is presented on the second page, and at the same time acknowledgement is
made for the illustrations in this No.. all of which are taken from his admir-
able book on Mushrooms. We will therefore call this issue of the Bulletin
the ATKINSON NUMBER.

Fig. 51. Am-a-ni'-TA mus-CA’-RI-A, Fry AG-Ar-1c. POISONOUS. Cap yellow or orange;. scales
on cap and at base of stem white—but these may be yellowish and later they fall off readily. Stem
and gills white; a spore-print (evident on colored paper) white. Occurs in| Summer and early
Autumn. It may be found along roadsides near trees, or in woods. It is a conspicuous plant—the

orange or yellow coloring usually brilliant and in strong contrast to the white of stem and gills. The

specimens muy be five to seven inches igh, and the cap three to five inches broad. Itis widely dis-
tributed in this country and elsewhere in the world. Photo from specimens collected at Ithaca, N. Y.
This cut, also Figs. 52 and 53, from Atkinson’s Mushrooms.

University Bulletin, Series 8, No. 11. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, O.

54 Mycological Bulletin No. 14 [ Vol. IT

Henry Hour & Co. PusptisHers.—It has recently been announced that
this firm (New York) are now the publishers of Atkinson’s Mushrooms. The
price is $3.00, (by mail $5.25). This notice is to correct the statement
in an early No. of the Bulletin that the author was the publisher.

COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS.—We are convinced that the most valuable
representations of Mushrooms are the photographie ones, not the colored
plates; of course both are to be desired—but rely on the former rather than
the latter. Poor ones, whether photos or paintings, ought not to be tolerated
—at any rate not used. ‘*Put no trust in color’ a great botanist said over
a century ago—colors are not always a stable affair, but the minute anatom-
ical characters can be relied on.

AM-A-Ni-TA.—The Mushrooms of this genus, some of them deadly poison-
ous, include two or three dozen kinds, with white gills and white spores.
They may be positively known by the presence (seen in the early stages of
developrient) of a vol-va and a veil. The Vou-vAis the sac-like portion or cup
below the surface of the soil, out of the top of which the cap and stem push.
This is shown in all of our Figures. Look carefully for it when getting
specimens. Itis called in some of the books, universal veil—betier under-
stood if the plants are seen in the ‘‘button” stage. The VEIL, sometimes call-
ed the partial veil, is very conspicuous in these Mushrooms, shown in the
Figures immediately under the cap—in fact it was attached to the cap before
the latter expanded; but this structure remains cohering to the stem, ringlike
—hence it is called the dn-nu-lus, or ring.

Correction.—According to Professor Morgan, who kindly communicated with me on the subject,
Fig. 48, Clavaria pyxidata (Myc. Bull. p. 49) should ,be changed to Cla-va'-ri-a cor-o-na'-ta ‘Re-

sembling in form the preceeding, but a distinct species.”’ Fig. 49 (p51) is not Coprinus micaceus, but
Psath-y-rel'-la dis-sem-i-na'-ta.

26 Mar. 1994) Mycological Bulletin No. 14 55

See explanation under Fig. 51.

8, white.

scales, stem and gi

Cap orange or yellow:

POISONOUS,

AQ@’-AR-IG,

FLY

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56 Mycological Bulletin No. 14 [Vol. IT

Fig. 53. AM-A-NI'-TA PHAL-LOU-DES. DEADLY AG-A-RIC. POISONOUS. Varies from pure white
to yellowish, green, olive or umber. The cap is slimy when moist, convex or bell-shaped and
finally expanded as shown in the figure; the margin may be then slightly elevated. The scales are
not always present on the cap. The plant usually oceurs in or at the border ot woods. It may be
even larger than the Fly Ag- ric. The plant, especially the vol-va, is quite variable. Taken with
permission from Atkinson’s Mushrooms.

MEMBERS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL CLUB, 1904.

Miss Marion Abbott, Bradford, Vt. Mr. J. F. Anderson, Bellaire, Ohio.

Miss Carrie E. Adams, Hinsdale, N. H. Prof, Geo. F. Atkinson, Cornell University.
Chus. R. Adams, Prairie Depot, Ohio. Prof. William Frederic Bade, Berkeley, Calif.
Miss Jeannette Agnew, Canton, Ohio. A. Prescott Baker, Boston, Mass.

Charles N. Ainslie, M. A., Rochester, Minn. Supt. J. N. Baker, Bowling Green, Ohio.

Agr. & Mechan. College, Stillwater, Okla. Prof. H. J. Banker, 8. W. State Normal, Pa
Dr. T. W. Alberry, Black Lick, Ohio. Harry 8. Barbee, St. Louis. Mo.

Prof. Harry Lee Albert, Cape Girardeau, Mo. R. 8. Barr, Mansfield, Ohio.

Frank H. Ames, Brooklyn, N. Y. O. W. Barrett, Exp. Sta., Mayaguez, Porto,Rico.
Miss H. ©. Anderson, Lambertville, N. J. E. R. Bartholomew, Rockport, Kansas.

Joln A. Anderson, High School, Dubuque, Ta. H. D. Bartholomew, Newark, Ohio

(TO BE CONTINUED)

The Mycological Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all members

of the Mycological Club. All eligible to membership who are interested in Nature
or the Bulletin. Fee, 10 cents. A few copies of Vol. | remain; price 50 cents each.

Mycological Bulletin No. 15

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, April 15, 1904

ACKNOWLEDGMENT.—TO Superintendent M. E. Haid of Chillicothe, and
to Dr. H. S. Pepoon of Chicago, we extend thanks for the photos used in
making the cuts for this Number. All of the species are common ones and
may perhaps be recognized when found. The figure of the Jack-my-Lantern
(Fig. 55) will be supplemented in a future No. by a photo of a single specimen
natural size—and this very common species then could not be mistaken.
This is one that should be learned at once, for attractive asitis, unfortu-
nately it is not an edible species.

Am-A-NI/-TA AGAIN.—The figures given in Bulletin No. 14 are to be most
carefully studied. Especial attention was called to the presence of a vol -va
(usually conspicuous) and the an’-nw-lus—these terms being also there ex-
plained. The vol’-va forms a wniversal veil in the young stage,that is. a layer
of thin tissue that entirely envelopes the young plant; it is more or less free
from the cap. When the veil is attached and inseparable, not easily dis-
tinguishable, the botanists say it is ‘‘concrete” with the pileus.

Fig. 54 Hy-pHo-L0’-MA LAC-RY-MA-BUN’-pUM. Cap and stem tawny, light yellowish, or shades ot
umber; the surtace with soft and floccose scales. The flesh is tinged yellowish or brownish, soft and
easily broken. Height 2 or 3 inches, cap one or two inches wide. The spores are purple-brown in the
Ily-pHo0-Lo-mas, the gills attached to the stem, rarely or never with a ring, or eon Atkinson says
the edible qualities of Hy-pHo-L0’-MA LAC-kY MA-BUN’-pUM have not been tested. From a photo by
Supt. M. E. Hard, Chillicothe, Ohio, ;

University Bulletin. Series 8, No. 14. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, O.

58 Mycological Bulletin No. 15 [Vol II

How To HanpdLE THESE PLANTS.—The Mushrooms must be secured
before too old and the presence or absence of the vol’-va determined; to this
end, dig them up carefully witha trowel or strong knife—in fact all the
species should be collected in this particular way for close inspection or real
study. Havea basket of generous size to carry them home. Tissue paper
surrounding the moist or viscid kinds will protect them if handled carefully—
but one can only learn by experience how to treat delicate and perishable
Mushrooms.

AM-A-NI/-TA A LARGE GeENUS.—In the Third Volume of the Journal ot
Mycology (pages 25-33) Professor Morgan describes 28 species which is the
approximate number of kinds in our country. Peck enumerates 14 New
York species in his 33rd State Report. Lloyd has published a Compilation
of the Volvae of the United States in which 38 species are enumerated. Llus-
trations—colored and half-tones—have been published of many of the kinds;
see Atkinson’s Mushrooms, MelIlvaine’s One Thousand American Fungi,
Peck’s illustrated Reports, &e.

Most SpEcIES OF AM-A-NI’-TA DEADLY PorIsoNOUS.—Reasonable care
based on proper examination may banish any fear entertained relative to
Mushrooms that resemble the AM-A-NI’-TAS. The latter are poisonous as is
well known—but that should not interfere with an intelligent interest in
them and all other fungi too. There are hundreds of palatable and delicious
Mushrooms and it is rare that they resemble any species of AM-A-NI’-TA or
could be mistaken for one of these poisonous kinds. Itis remarkable that
the AM-A-NI’/-TA called Caesar’s Mushroom (the botanical name _ being
Am-a-ni -ta cae-sa-re-d) is not poisonous but edible; it is a large and beautiful
Toadstool, orange or yellow throughout but the vol’-vya is white and
prominent.

A-MAN-I-TOP’-SIs.—The Mushrooms so named by the botanists are like
AM-A-NI/-TA (that is what the word means) except they never have a ring, or
an’-nu-lus. They bear no bad reputation amongst fungus-eaters, and at least
a dozen species occur in our country.

Lep-I-0’-TA.—This genus has many common representatives, and though
near relatives of AM-A-NI’-TA they are not poisonous—or at any rate only a
few are to be let alone. In the Lep-I-0’-TaAs there is no sac-like yol’-va; but
the an’-ntu-lus, or ring on the stem, is present. Figure 56 is a representative
of this genus.

COMPARISON OF AM-A-NI’-TA, A-MAN-I-TOP’-SIS, AND LEP-I-0’-TA.—These
majestic Toadstools will likely be encountered in great numbers during the
season, and too close attention can not be given them. With but one ora
very few exceptions the species of AM-A-NI’-TA are deadly poisonous—there-
fore do not eat Mushrooms indiscriminately; the tasting and testing should be
done with great caution when it pertains to the forms here under considera-
tion. Neither mustit be assumed that all the representatives of A-MAN-I-
Top’-sts and Lep-1-0’-TA are edible—most of them are but some certainly are
not. The fine large Mushroom called LxEp-1-0’-rTA MOR-GAN'-I (Professor
Morgan discovered this species several years ago and Professor Peck named
it) is eaten by some, but it is very inimical to most persons so far as tested.
In all the representatives of these three genera the stem is fleshy rather
than cartilaginous, and the gills are usually free, 7. e. not attached to the
stem. The cap is easily separable from the stem. The striking differences
pertain to vol’-va and ring, or an’-nu-lus, thus:

WiOLV;AcaTIC RING LOROD betes sec ee tts ere areneraet Am-a-ni’-ta

VOLVA present, RING wanting..... ---...4 \-man-i-top’-sis
VOLVA wanting, RING present.......... safer res Lep-i-o’-ta

15 Apr. 1904]

Mycological Bulletin No. 16

Pepoon, Chicago.

Photo by Dr.

gills phosphorescent when fresh.

JACK-MY-LANTERN. Nov Epinir. Very large, orange yellow;

CLI-T0C'-Y-BE IL-LU’-DENS.

Mycological Bulletin No. 15 EVoiim

Fig. 56. Lep-10'-TA A-MER-I-CA’-NA, AMERICAN LepiIoTA. EpIBLE. Plants 3 to 43 inches iigh.
The cap is 24 to 4 inches broad, at first white then reddish or brownish with scales except at center.
The white flesh becomes reddish when cut or bruised and the whole plant twrns reddish in drying. The
cap in age becomes sometimes strongly recuryed as the two lower specimens show. To be looked for in
July and later. The upper figures from photo by Supt. M. E, Hard, Chillicothe; the lower made trom
specimens collected on a pile of old saw-dust, Columbus.

List of Members of the Mycological Club, 1904, to be resumed in next No.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all members
of the Mycological Club. All eligible to membership who are interested in Nature
or the Bulletins Fee, 10 cents. A few copies of Vol. 1 remain; price 50 cents each.

Mycological Bulletin No. 16

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio. May 5, 1904

THE ILLUSTRATIONS.—The Bird’s-nest F ungus is such a common thing
that a figure and name will doubtless be welcomed by many, and ac cordingly
that fromthe Nina L. Marshall Mushroom Book has been used by permission
of the publishers. The cut on the third page ofthis Number supplements Fig.
55 givenin Bulletin No. 15. For the figure of Pluteus cervinus, a common
edible species, we are indebted to Supt. M. E. Hard. To him, and to all
others who have kindly sent photos of Mushrooms thanks are extended.

My CotumBus BooKsELLER.—It will meet the wishes of many to call
attention to the fact that Mr. L. S. Wells, Columbus, Ohio, will promptly
supply any of the Mushroom books upon request. He furnishes these at
special rates to members of the Mycological Club. Note was made of this
last year and some quotations then given, as, Marshall’s Mushroom Book,
$3.00, rebate 20 ets.; Atkinson’s Mushrooms Edible and Poisonous, $5.00,
rebate 40 cts.; MeIlvaine’s One Thousand American Fungi, $5.00, rebate 20
cts.; in all cases Mr. Wells prepays transportation.

CLI-TOC’-Y-BE IL-LU’/-DENS or JACK-MY-LANTERN.—Some account was
given in Bulletin No. 9 (p. 33-4) of this large orange or saffron-colored Gill-
Mushroom, so common about old stumps and similar localities, easily recog-
nized by the size, habit of growth, color, absence of annulus, or ring, and the
phosphorescence of the gill-portion of the fresh specimens. Fig. 55 (p. 59)
showed the species in the natural habitat. The cut which we add, Fig. 48,

shows anear view of a single plant fully mature, in fact showing signs of

decrepitude, and in such specimens the color is sordid or brownish. Note
that the gills are de-cur'-rent; i. e. attached to and running down the stem.

Fig. 57. Birp's-NEsT FUNGUS. This is shown because a common and attractive little thing— not to
be thought of in an esculent sense. Two genera are represented abundantly in our flora, Cy-a’-thus
(the above) and Cru-cib'-u-lum, but perhaps only botanists would be concerned in their distinguishing
characters. The ‘‘eggs” in the nest contain the spores, and the plants are near relatives of the Putt
balls. From the Mushroom Book; Doubleday, Page & Co., publishers.

University Bulletin. Series 8. No. 15. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-oflice at Columbus, 0.

62 Mycological Bulletin No. 16 [Vol II

It is a white spored Agaric—the decurrent gills, absence of volva and annulus,
the texture of the stem and cap similar and the former not breaking away
readily 1rom the latter, being the characters which are peculiar to the genus
Cli-toe’-y-be. From one to two dozen American species have been enumer-
ated. Many of them have not been tested but at present only one species is
known to be injurious, and that is precisely the one specially mentioned above
and shown in Figs. 5d and 08, namely, the showy Jack-my-Lantern Fungus.
This is injurious to most people, and should be tested with due caution.
Some correspondents claim that people have eaten it with immunity.
Mclivaine says ‘‘many eat and enjoy it”.

PLU’-TE-US CER-VI/-NUS; FAWN-COLORED PuLu’-TE-uS — This edible
Mushroom belongs to the Rosy-spored group of Ag’-a-ries. The genus Plu’-
te-us has no volya Or annulus. The stem is easily separated from the cap—
in fact it is almost a regular ‘‘ball and socket” joint. The substance of the
cap, when the stem thus readily separates. is said to be ‘‘not continuous”
with the stem; were it ‘‘continuous with the stem” it would be difficult or
impossible to make the separation without much injury to the tissue. When
PLU’-TE-US CER-VI’/-NUS is quite young, or before fully mature and ready to
discharge its flesh-colored spores, the gills are white. but eventually take on
the characteristic pinkish color, and its positive identification is then possible.
The cap is grayish brown, or sometimes sooty, but some forms of the plant
are entirely white and only the gills show a coloration. It grows on the
ground from underground rotten wood, on stumps, logs, ete., and may be
found from early Spring to late Autumn.

SPORE-COLOR IN AG’-A-RICS.—Beginners might be reminded that the
Agarics are the Gill-Mushrooms, and that they may be grouped according to
the color of the spores. A spore-print (see p. 10) should be made on white
paper (but for spores that are probably white, use colored paper); then the
Mushroom ean, from the color of the spore mass, be placed in one of the fol-
lowing groups: IVhite-spored, Ochre-spored, Rosy-spored, Brown-spored or
Black-spored.

Rosy-sPpORED AG’-A-RICS.—This group is not so largely represented
in our Mushroom flora asthe White-spored section. PLU’-TE-Us, shown in
Fig. 59, belongs here—this being the first member of this group illustrated so
far in the BULLETIN. Some other genera belonging here are CLAU’-DO-PUS,
VOL-VA'-RI-A, EN-TO-LO’-MA, CLI-TOP’-I-LUS. In Clau’-do-pus alone is the
stem ec-cen'-tric (notin the center) or wanting and the pileus lateral; Vol-
va’-ri-a has avol’-va; in Hn-to-lo’-ma the spores are angular; in case of Cli-top -
i-lus the gills are de-cur’-rent. Itis hoped that photos may be obtained of
some of these interesting Toadstools for reproduction in the BULLETIN.

pean Y yaa feria fea onl

MEMBERS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL CLUB, 1904—Continued.

Millie H. Bartlett, Brooklyn, N. Y. Miss M. E. Blymer, Mansfield, O.
Miss E. C. Bates, Philadelphia, Pa. Prof. E. E. Bogue, Mich. Agr. College.
Mr. Wm. C. Bates, Newton, Mass. Prof. Thos. A. Bonser, Spokane, Wash.

Russell F. Batthis, St. Louis, Mo.

Prof. H. C. Beardslee, Asheville, N. C.
Prof. C. E. Bessey, University of Nebraska.
Dr. G. N. Best, Rosemont, N. J.

Prof. Wade Beyerley, Chillicothe, O.
Harry A. Bird, Plaintield N. J.

Prof. John G. Black, Wooster, O.

Mrs. E. B. Blackford, Boston Mus, Fine Arts.

Prof. D. C. Bliss, Arlington, N. J.
Supt. J. J. Bliss, Bueyrus, O.
Clara Bloomer, Marysville, O.

Mr. C. L. Booth, Oberlin, O.

Boston Mycological Club, Boston, Mass.
Mrs. M. M. Boyce, Chicago, TIL.

Dr. J. F. Brenkle, Kulm, N. D.

Mrs. Wm. H. Brett, Cleveland, O.

V. M. Brigham, Toledo, O.

H. ©. Brigham, Toledo, O.

Miss Ruth E. Brockett, Rio Grande, O.
Prof. Chas. Brookover, Buchtel College.
Miss Agnes Brown, Cincinnati, O.

F. L. Brown, Greenfield, O.

(TO BE CONTINUED)

5 May 1904] Mycological Bulletin No. 16

D>

Ss

lial

Fig. 58. Cui-roc’-y-BE IL-LU’-DENS. JACK-MY-LANTERN. NoT EDIBLE. The orange or saffron-
colored Mushroom described on p. 61 and figured on p. 59 as usually seen growing. This illustration
is nearly natural size, but some specimens may be Sinches high, and the cap 6 inches broad. Its large
size, bright yellow color and phosphorescence combine to make it an interesting and attractive species,
but as remarked elsewhere, it can not be eaten with impunity.

From a photo of a plant collected near
Sandusky, Ohio.

64 Mycological Bulletin No. 16 [ Vol. II

of

From

olor

, the cap 2 to 4 inches broad.

‘longs to the Rosy-spored +

mn rotten w

-TE-US CER-VI -NU

Priv’

59.

A copy of Vol. I bound in cloth may be obtained sor 75 cents.

List of Members of the Mycological Club, 1904—See page 62.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all ‘members
of the Mycological Club. All eligible to membership who are interested ‘in Nature
or the Bulletin. Fee, 10 cents. A few copies of Vol. | remain; price 50 cents each.

M ° LYRA RY
Mycological Bulletin No. 17 caw vor
aT ANK AY

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University BUARDEN

Columbus, Ohio. May 28, 1904

Tue ILLUSTRATIONS.—We are indebted to the Messrs. Bowen-Merrill
Company, publishers of ONE THOUSAND AMERICAN FuNGI, for the four half-
tones which embellish the present NuMBER. ‘These illustrate species not be-

Fig 60. CuLt-roc’-y-BE MON-A-DEL’-PHUS. CLUSTERED CL1-T00’-Y-BE. FRESH YOUNG PLANTS
EpiB_k. This species was named by Professor Morgan in allusion to its cespitose habit—the clusters
being dense, and tound during autumn on the ground in wet woods. The cap is said to be honey-
colored, varying to pallid brownish or reddish. The stem is solid, crooked or twisted, tapering at the
base, pallid brownish or flesh color. Gills short de-cur’-rent not crowded, pallid flesh color. Cut from
Mellvaine’s One Thousand AmericanzFungi, made from a photo by Dr. J. R. Wiest.

a

University Bulletin. Series 8. No. 16. Enutered,as‘Second Class_Matter, Post-office.at Columbus, O.

66 Mycological Bulletin No. 17 [ Vol.

fore shown in the Bulletin, and at the same time furnish a fair sample of the
figures (not colored) used in that well known book, which has been spoken of
by one of our members asa real ‘‘Encyclopoedia of American Mushrooms.”
The numerous colored plates in that work are fiom studies by the author,
Charles McIlvaine.

LEP-I-0’-TA NAU-CI’/-NA; SMOOTH LeEp-I-0’-TA.—The American plant was
named Lep-i-o’-ta nau-ci-noi’-des [like nau-ci'-na] by Professor Peck since it
differed slightly from the European Lep-i-o’-ta nau-ci’-na, but mycologists
generally do not regard it as specifically distinct. hence the use of the ‘first
name. It is to be foundin the latter part of the summer and autumn, in
lawns, pastures, ete. It is entirely white or the cap is sometimes buff, and
the gills (which are at first white) become in age dirty pink in color. The
plant grows from 24 to 44inches high and the cap may be from 2 to 4 inches
broad. The stem is gradually enlarged below, 7. e. cla’-vate, or club shaped.
This species is much like the common Mushroom (4-gar’-i-cus cam-pes'-tris)
but the gillsdo not, as in the latter, become brown when old. Close inspec-
tion will also separate it from poisonous species of Am-a-ni'-ta, which have a
vol'-va; the Lep-i-o’-tas never show this structure.

a)
ba reecanis ee SRY ae

Fig. 61. Pe-z1'-zA BA'-p1-A. Brown Pr-z1'-2a, Epipie. <A bay or umber brown plant, growing
in clusters, on bare ground, in the grass or where it has been burned over. The disk of the cup is dark
brown, externally paler and minutely granular, often with a en eee tinge. The cat is from
Mcllvyaine’s One Thousand American Fungi, made from a photo by Mr, C, G. L loyd, Cincinnati, Ohio.

28 May 1904) Mycological Bulletin No. 17

D
~~
=

’-NA, SmooruH L

LEP-I-O'*TA NAU-CI

9
ye

Mycological Bulletin No.

Fie 63. Lep-1-0'-TaA PRO'-CE-RA. Parasol Mushroom. POUNG sAl Episie. This splendid
species grows in pastures, by roadsides, in the woods, ete., ring § sr andearly autumn, The cap
is greyish brown or reddish brown but the flesh is whit It is oval, shaped, later convex, and
then nearly expanded to a plane;there is a marked elevation in the center and this is called the wm'-bo.
The ring on the stem is usually movable. Cut from MelIlvaine’s One Thousand American Fungi, the
photo taken by Dr. J. R. Wiest. :

List of Members of the Mycological Club, 1904, to be resumed in ne

The Mycological Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all members
of the Mycological Club. All eligible to membership who are interested in Nature
or the Bulletin. Fee, 10 cents. A few copies of Vol. 1 remain; price 50 cents each.

Mycological Bulletin No. 13

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, June 25. 1904

THE ILLUSTRATIONS.—Although the Mushrooms shown in this NUMBER
are not the common edible forms, they are attractive and peculiar. and our in-
terest in them need be none the less because we can not enjoy them as escu-
lents; they are however not inedible and the Phallus particularly is con-
sidered a delicacy—to be used only of course in the egg stage. but there are
other uses for plants even those of low degree and the editor being a school-
master wili give a little lecture touching one phase of the subject—see next
paragraph.

ECONOMY OF NATURE.—A brief paragraph may lend itself to the discus-
sion of the group of Fungi, particularly to the sap-ro-phyt’-ic forms as factors
in Nature’s economy. The common plants—those which possess chlo’-ro-phyll,
as the green coloring matter is called—are independent; they take from the
air and soil inorganic matter, convert it with the aid of the light-energy that
comes from the sun, into organic material out of which the vegetable fabric
(and ultimately animal tissue) is built up, But the fungi are dependent
plants; being destitute of chlo’ro-phyll they rely for their food on living
plants or on dead organic matter ;—if the former we call them par’-a-sites,
if the latter we say they are sap’-ro-phytes. Now all the Mushrooms and the
common Bacteria are Saprophytes and their food is the organic matter—
mainly dead wood, leaves, dead animal matter. ete. Those Mushrooms tkat
grow out of the soil really use as food not the mineral soil particles, but the

Fig. 64. My-ce’-NA LEA-1-4'-NA. LEA's My-cr’-NA—This deeply salmon-tinted Mycena is one of the
most charming little Agarics found in the woods and very common on rotten logs in the vicinity ot
Columbus. It does not lose allits color in drying, and while it shrivels much the plant is readily ‘ree-
ognized in this partially collapsed state. It will be seen mostly in the condition shown at the Tight,
but the deep rich color is displayed to best advantage when the fully expanded form is encountered—
the figure at the left exhibiting this interesting phase. Ohio members of the club should know that
the specitie name was given by the English mycologist Berkeley. and commemorates one of the emi-
nent early botanical collectors, who lived near Cincinnati, Ohio, Photo from specimen collected near
Columbus,

University Bulletin. Series 8. No. 26. E1 tered as Second Class Matter, Pest-oft.ce at Columbus. O.

70 Mycological Bulletin No. 18 { Forint

organic matter that is buried beneath the surface. Then it is evident that
these plants decompose or reconyvert the dead vegetable matter, which, bear
in mind, would not of itself change. Logs, stumps, twigs, old leaves, animal
substance would remain unchanged forever were not the agents of decomposi-
tion at hand, namely, Bacteria, Mushrooms, Toadstools, etc. The products
of decomposition are the disorganized and disintegrated organic matter; they
are, in other words, the chemical elements or the simple compounds handed
back to the inorganic world for use again as food for plants, and secondarily
for animals. The important work the saprophytes have to perform will be
appreciated when we remember that the available quantity of plant food is
limited and its continued restoration or replenishment is necessary to the
continuance of of the higher plants and of course indirectly to the existence
of animals even including man.

THE GENUS My-cEr’-NA.—These plants are mostly small white-spored
Agarics. They are very numerous and so are their near relations, thus even
the specialist might despair of really knowing all of them. They resemble
some of the other genera very strongly and only careful study will result in
positive identification. The genus My-ce’-na is closely related to Col-lyb/-i-a,

says Atkinson. The plants are usually smaller, many of them being of small
size; the cap is usually bell-shaped, rarely umbilicate [that is, wi th a small
abrupt depression at top], but whatis a more important character the mar-
gin of the cap in the young stage és straight as itis appled against the stem
and not at first incurved as it is in Collybia, when the gills and margin of the
pileus lie against the stem. The stem is cartilaginous as in Collybia and is
usually hollow. The gills are not decurrent or only slightly so by a tooth-
like process. Some of the species are apt to be confused with certain species
of Om-pha’-li-a in which the gills are but slightly decurrent, but in Omphalia
the pileus is umbilicate in such species, while in Mycena it is blunt or um-
bonate. Some of those which grow on leaves might be mistaken for species
of Ma-ras'-mi-us, but in the latter the plants are of tough consistency, and
when dried will revive again if moistened. In the above manner a specialist
states the case but the apparent difficulty should not bring discouragement—
an abundance of material will be favorable for repeated study of common
forms that are encountered.

THE PHAL’-LOIDS, OR STINK-HORN FuNGI.—It bas been previously ex-
plained that two of the larger and important groups of Fungi are the As’-co-
my-ce'-tae and the Ba-sid’-i-o-my-ce'-tae; the tormer having spores produced
in an enlarged cell, called an as’-cus, and the latter bearing the spores on ped-
icels growing out of an enlarged cell, called a ba-sid’-i-um. The species of
Pe-zi’-za for example, belong to As’-co-my-ce’-tae; and the Puffballs, Phal-
loids. and Agaries are members of the group Ba-sid’-i-o-my-ce’-tae.

These microscopie characters might be passed by for the present or for all
time, no doubt some beginners and amateurs are inclined to think, yet our
knowledge of the multitudes of Fungi will be quite imperfect and our progress
in their study much impeded if we do not fully apprehend what is so funda-
mental in their classification. Then to proceed—The Ba-sid’-i-o-my-ce’-tae
includes the two OrpERS: represented by the Puffballs and the Phalloids,
which the botanists call Gas'-ter-o-my-ce'-tae; and the Mushrooms or Agaries
and their relatives designated, in Wotanical language, as the Hy'-men-o-
my-ce'-tae.

It can be seen from the above where our Stink-horn Fungi or Phalloids
belong inthe Vegetable Kingdom. And to make the matter more emphatic,
recur to the fact that the Gas'-ter-o-my-ce'-tae have their spore-bearing layer
of tissue (which is called the hy-me’-ni-um) enclosed by a wall or covering,
that is, a pe-rid’-i-wm which does not rupture before the maturity of the
spores. But in case of the Hy'-men-o-my-ce'-tae, the spore-bearing layer
(hy-me'-ni-um) is borne on a free outer surface—as seen in the ‘gills’? in
Mushrooms, &c. The ‘‘veil” that in some cases covers the spore-bearing por-
tion of the common Mushrooms is a false pe-rid-i-um, Boy pe ridium,”
and ruptures before the maturity of the spores.

<AVENEL’S PHALLOID.—This species is rather common, especially about
old saw-dust piles and its vile odor easily identifies the Stink-horn. Stages
in its developement are shown in fig. 65.

2d

Tune 1904 | Mycological Bulletin No 18 Fal

Fie. 65. Dic-Ty-oPH'-0-RA RA-VE-NEL’-I-1, RAVENEL’S PHaAv’-Lo1p.—This, like
the Stink-horns, is only disgusting in the fully developed stage; the
palate.
section will diagnose the specimen.
Chillicothe, Ohio, by Supt, M. E. Hard.

other species ot
“eves” are aprenaiila to the
Caution: Never mistake a poisonous “button” of Am-a-ni'-ta for one of these eggs; a vertical
The photographs were made from growing specimens sent from

Mycological Bulletin No

18 [ Vol.

Nl

66.

My-Ck’-NA STAN’-NE A

Fig,

STANNATE My-ck’-Na.—A delicate species that grows in the

woods, occurring in tuits on rotten wood in very Gamp secluded habitats,
well shown in the illustration, being nearly white in color but many of the pilei are rather smoky or

The general character is

a trifle darkened, The species was described by the botanist Fries many years ago from European
specimens. The secoud or specific name is taken from the Latin, and means tin—thongh I do not
know that itis very appropriate to characterize these specimens as stannous in appearance, The
halftone was made from a photograph of specimens collected May 30. at Sugar Grove, Ohio,

or the Bulletin.

MEMBERS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL CLUB, 1904.—ConrTinvEn,

Mrs. Laura J. Brown, Bloomingburg. ©.
Raymond B. Brownlee Far Rockaway, N. Y.
Harvey Brugger, Steubenville, O.

F. B. Bryant, Richwood, Ohio.

Mary M. Bryce, Chicago, I.

M. Bubna, Cleveland, O.

Elizabeth C. Buhhman. Chicago, Il.

H. W. Burckhardt. Cincinnati, O.

George E. Burger, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Caroline A. Burgin, W. Phidelphia, Pa.

F. A. Burglehaus, Sumner. Wash.

W. R. Butcher, St. Clairsville, 0.

Dr. Otis Caldwell, Il, State Normal School.
Robert P. Campbell, Clicago, TIL.

Mrs. D. M. Campe, Chicago, Ill.

Geo. H. Candln, Cincinnati, O.

A. P. Capin, Holyoke, Mass.

Mr. J. W. Carrington. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dr. Arch I. Carson, Cincinnati, O.

C.J. Carter, High School, Urbana, O.
Mrs. R. HH. Carter. Laconia, N. H.
Mrs. T. W. Cuse, Canton, O.

Sapt. H. A. Cassidy, Lancaster, O.
Miss Vera K. Charles, U. 8.
J. Eastman Chase, Winchester, Mass.

Alice D. Choate, St. Louis, Mo.

Henry M. Clarke. Elmira, N. Y.

Mrs. M. W. Cleland, Detroit, Mich.

Mr. Frank H. Cloves, Waltham, Mass.
Willard N. Clute, Joliet, I.

Mrs. C. FE. Cochran, MeConnelsville, 0.

Dept. Agriculture.

Miss M. A. Coe, Boston, Mass,

Prot. Geo. H. Colton, Hiram College.
Pror F. M. Comstock, Chase Sch. Ap. Sen.
Miss Jennie F. Conan, Melrose, Mass.
Roscoe P. Conkling, Broekport, N. Y.

Dr. Louis E, Cook, Cincinnati. O.

Dr. Mel. T. Cook, Agr. Exp. Station, Cuba,
Prot. W. W. Cook, Lincoln, Nebr.

A. M. Crane, Cincinnati, O.

Miss Alice L. Crockett, Camden, Me.

Mr. Chas. M. Crook, Bessemer, Pa.

Mrs. Chas. M. Crook, Bessemer, Pa.

» S.S. Crosby, Cumbridge, Mass.

‘s. J. C.Culbertson, Cincinnati, O.

Mrs. J. Stearns Cushing, Norwood, Muss.
C. W. Cushier, New York, N. Y.

Miss H. Mary Cushman, Reading, Pa.
Miss A, E. Daey, South Boston, Mass.
Edward, E. Davis, Norwich, N. Y.

Dr. J. J. Davis, Racine, Wis.

Dr. N.S. Davis, Jr. Chicago, M1.

H. 8. Day, Fremont, O.

Mr. Chas. C. Deem, Bluffton, Ind.

Supt. Geo. W. DeLong, Corning, O.

Rey. Charles H. Demetrio, Emma, Mo.

Dr. F. F. Dennis, Kokomo, Ind.

R. H. Denniston, Wisconsin State University.

Miss. Emily E. Derby, Dublin, N. H.
H. B. Derr, Champaign, M1.
Abigail C. Dimon, Utiea. N. Y,

(TO BE CONTINUED.)

The Mycological Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all members
of the Mycological Club. All eligible to membership who are interested in Nature

Fee, 10 cents.

A few copies of Vol. | remain; price 50 cents each.

Mycological Bulletin No. 19

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, July 15, 1904

ACKNOWLEDGMENT.— We are indebted to Professor L. F. Henderson for the
use of the plate from which Fig. 68 is printed. This with other figures appear
in a Bulletin (No. 27) of the Idaho Experiment Station, on the food values of
fungi. Those interested in that phase of the subject will find in that Bulletin
a summary of our knowledge thereto pertaining. In this connection attention
might be called to Professor Atkinson’s instructive chapters (in Mushrooms
Edible and Poisonous) on Selection and Preparation of Mushrooms for the
Table; Uses of Mushrooms; Cultivation of Mushrooms; Recipes for Cooking
Mushrooms; Chemistry and Toxicology of Mushrooms.
= THE GENUS Hy-PHO-LO’-MA.—This is included in the section of Brown-
spor spored Agarics, the spores being purple brown. The veil when ruptured clings
to the margin of the pileus so that rarely or neveris there present, on the stem,
a ring or annulus. The genus is closely related to A-gar’-i-cus and Stro-
pha'-ri-a, but in these genera an annulus is present. Several species of
Hy-pho-lo'-ma are common and they are edible. Four species are illustrated
by half-tones and fully described in Atkinson’s Mushrooms. Mellyaine

Fig, 67.— Ma-kas’-M1-Us RO’-TU-LA. This beautiful little Ma-ras’-mi-us grows on sticks and leaves
and seems to be a common species in our woods. The pileus is one-half inch or less in breadth, and
white or whitish in color. The stem or stipe is whitish above. Morgan describes the species as fol-
lows: Pileus membranaceous, a little convex, umbilicate, plicate; stipe horny, hollow, shining,
glabrous, blackish; lamelle few, broad, distant, joined behind to a free collar, whitish. |The cut
aboye was made from a photograph of specimens collected in a woods near Columbus.

University Bulletin, Series 8. No. 27. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, 0.

74 Mycological Bulletin No. 19 [Volt

includes 14 species in One Thousand American Fungi, one species illustrated
by a half-tone plate, and three species shown in a colored plate. We have
shown. in the Mycological Bulletin, Hy-pho-lo'-ma_ sub-lat-er-i'-ti-um on
page 25, and Hy-pho-lo’-ma lac-ry-ma-bun'-dum on page 57.

RAVENEL’S PHAL-LOID.—On page 71 a figure was given of Dic-ty-oph'-o ra
ra-ve-nel'-i-i, or in Simple language, Ravenel’s Phalloid ; but space was want-
ing for an account of the specimen’s from which the photograph was made
and reference to the interesting characters of this fungus. The fresh ‘‘ eggs”
—such as shown in the left figure above — were sent in quantity by Supt.
M. E. Hard, of Chillicothe, and keeping them moist in Sphagnum. the devel-
opment took place with considerable rapidity, as indicated in the successively
developed forms in the plate on page 71 The thick volva ruptures at the
apex with one or two wide clefts and the central column then elongates
rapidly. The cap-shaped or bell-shaped pileus is covered with the spore
bearing layer which is called the gle'-ba.

In Ravenel’s Phalloid the surface of the pileus is merely granular or
minutely wrinkled after the gleba melts away, but in other species there is a
conspicuous reticulation of ridges and crests, remotely suggestive of the
pitted cap of a Morel. The plant presented in longitudinal section shows
that the stem is hollow, and this cavity extends quite to the apex, the per-
foration being conspicuous from above where it is surrounded by a broad
light-colored circular lip. The pitted or spongy character of the tissue of the
stem can be determined from the figure. It can be seen also that the cap or
pileus is attached only near its apex. Beneath the cap is a veil — character-
istic of this genus.

Botanists include the Phal-loids and their near relatives in the group
called Phal-lin-e'-ae, of which about 50 species have been described. Most of
the forms are found in the Tropies— especially in Australia; about 10
species are reported for North America.

The group contains the two orders, Clath-ra’-ce-ae and Phal-la'-ce-ae ;
the latter includes the Phal’-loids or Stink-horns and they are enumerated
under 7 different genera. The species most likely to be encountered are
members of the genus Dic-ty-oph'-o-ra (as shown in Fig. 65, alluded to in the
account above) and Ith-y-phal'-lus. The unbearably vile-smelling Stink-
horn, common in our region, is [th-y-phal’-lus im-pu'-di-eus.

THE Ivory Hy-GropH’-o-rus.—This species, which we illustrate on the
opposite page, iS common in pine woods in Idaho according to the interest-
ing account by Professor L. F. Henderson. He says that it occurs in im-
mense quantities—tons upon tons could be collected in the wooded hills of
Idaho from September to December—and although coated with a slimy cov-
ering, causing it often to slip from the hands like an eel, when cleaned nicely
and cooked into a stew makes a delicate dish of oyster flavor—haying a
decidedly vegetable rather than meat flavor. The plants are from one to four
inches wide and three to six inches high. The entire plant is white and the
gills are decurrent. The pileus is rather thick, generally flat or conyex,
though in age it may become tilted upwards; it is always incurved along the
edge when young.

Professor Henderson says many other species of this interesting genus
are to be found abundantly in fir woods, or in forests of mingled pine and fir,
but he has reserved the discussion of these for his future Bulletins. It is
supposed that all of the species are edible; they present various shades of
colors from white, yellowish-white, yellow, yellowish-red, to dull brownish
or dirty olive. He says, besides, that they all agree in the following im-
portant generic characters:

The gills are rather distant, of a waxy consistency, broadening towards
their attachment to the cap; and the central portion of the gill, called the
tra'-ma, is but a continuation of the material of the pileus, so that when
they are pulled off from the cap they each leave a projecting line of the trama
behind them on the cap.

This genus is closely related to Can-tha-rel'-lus, but in the latter the
gills are blunt and forked.

15 July 1904 | Mycological Bulletin No. 19 70

Fig. 68.— Hy-GROPH’-0-RUS E-BUR’-NE-Us.— Ivory Hy-Gropn’-o-rus.—Edible. The _half-tone “is
kindly furnished by Professor Henderson, who first used it to illustrate a Bulletin (No. 27) published
by the Idaho Experiment Station, and referred te in the first paragraph of this number of the
Mycological Bulletin. The specimens were collected at Moscow, Idaho.

76 Mycological Bulletin No 19 [Vota

Fig. 69.— Pa'-Nus AN-Gus-Ta’-rus.— NarRkow Pa’-nus. This is a fleshy-coriaceous fungus more or
less spatulate or flabelliform. It is minutely hairy and of a dirty white or yellowish color, The stem
is very short or altogether absent. The gills are very numerous and crowded; they are decurrent.
The species is common in the woods. | Morgan says this and P. dealbatus are two fine new species
first discovered by Mr. Lea, It was described and named by Berkeley, a pioneer English mycologist.
The cut was made from a photograph of specimens collected on a rotten log near Columbus,

MEMBERS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL CLUB, 1904.—ConTINUED,

Theo. W. Ditto, Delphos, O.

Mrs. Wm. A. Dixon, Baltimore, Md.
Prin. Lee A. Dollinger, Covington. O.
Herman B. Dorner, Lafayette, Ind.
Miss M. 8. Draper, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Mr. Alven Dreifus, Cincinnati, O.

I, W. Driehaus, Madisonville, O.
Chas. D. Duncan, Chillicothe, O.
Rey. J. H. Dupret, Montreal, Can.
Dr. KE. J. Durand, Cornell University.
J. D. Dusenbury, Waltham, Mass.
Chas. F. Dutton, Jr, Cleveland, O.

Miss Mildred P. Dyre, Washington, D. C.

J.T. Dysart, Belmont, O.

Prot. A. M. Edwards, Newark, N. J.
Mr. Chas. Elder, Cincinnati, O.

Mrs. Caroline J. Elkin, Concord. N, IH.
Charles Elliott, Chillicothe, O.

Miss Georgia H, Emery, Newton, Mass.
W. W. Esch. Fremont, O.

Miss L. Esherick, Philadelphia, Pa.
W. H. Everhart, Avondale, O.

Dr. C. E. Fairman, Lyndonville, N. Y.
Dr. W. G. Farlow, Harvard University.
J. E. Fellows, Ada, O.

Dr. Harvey W. Felter, Cincinnati, O.
Mr. Jas. H. Ferris, Joliet, IL

Geo. B. Fessenden, Boston, Mass.

Mr. J. H. Fiebing. Milwaukee, Wis,
Prot. T. J. Fitzpatrick, Estherville, La.

Dr. James Fletcher, Exper. Sta., Ottawa, Can.

Klla C. Floyd, Chillicothe, O.
Dr. Geo, E. Francis, Worcester, Mass.

Miss Marian 8S. Franklin, Chillicothe, O.

J. A, Frey, Canton, O.

T. C. Frye, State University, Seattle, Wash.
Mrs. Mary R. Fuller, Washington. D.C,
Prof. E, L. Fullmer, Berea College.

N. R. Funk, Westerville, O.

Dr. C. 8S. Gager, N. Y. State Normal College.
Rey. R. C, Galbraith, Chillicothe, O.

Miss Ellen C. Gamage, Harvard, Mass.

A. O. Garrett, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Mr. L. B. Gary, Austinburg, Pa.

Mrs. Elizabeth Gay, Petersham, Mass.

Mr. W. Garritson, Waltham, Mass.

Dr. J. D. Geyer, Sidney, O.

Il. A, Gleason, University of Illinois.

J. W. Grabiel, Bowling Green, O.

G. J. Graham, Xenia, O.

James Graham, Wooster, O.

James A. Graves, Susquehanna, Pa,

L. A. Greata, Los Angeles, Cal.

Miss Elsie Green, Chicago, II.

Mr, Cook Greene, New Albany, Ind.

Mrs. Henry Gregory, Southern Pines, N. C.
Prof. R. F. Griggs, Fargo College, N. D.

Dr. A. J, Grout, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Prof. F. O. Grover, Oberlin College.

Prof. M. F. Guyer, University of Cincinnati.
Mrs. 8. B. Hadley, 8. Canterbury, Conn,
W. B. Hall, Wakeman, O.

Bernice L. Haug, Detroit, Mich.

Mr. Edmund Haug, Detroit, Mieh.

T, L. Hankinson, Charleston, IL.

Myron Hanna, Hoytyille, O.

Supt. M. E. Hard, Chillicothe, O.

Mrs. A. M. Hardinge, Chicago, Ill.

(TO BE CONTINUED.)

The Mycological Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all members
of the Mycological Club. All eligible to membership who are interested in Nature
or the Bulletin. Fee, 10 cents. A few copies of Vol. 1 remain; price 50 cents each.

LIBRARY
NEW YORK
ROTANICAL

GARDEN

Mycological Bulletin No. 20

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, August 25, 1904

BAcK NUMBERS OF THE BULLETIN.—Single odd Nos. wili be furnished
gratis to subscribers when needed to complete sets, but No. 2 is entirely
exhausted. Will all those who have an extra copy of this No. kindly return
same to the Editor who then can accommodate others. Unfortunately only
a very few complete sets of Vol. I are left but the price will remain as before
noted, namely, 50 cents; for bound copies, 75 cents.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.—We take pleasure in thanking Dr. Wm. Trelease
for the use of the beautiful cut of Lepiota on the last page of this No.,
originally published in the Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden.
Another from the same source will follow.

DESCRIPTIONS.—At the risk of seeming technical, suggestions and direc-
tions are given on the inside pages of this No. for critical study of Mushrooms.
Really very many ought to lay hold of this matter seriously, ergo profitably,
—particularly teachers of Nature Study and of Botany. The two paves
will be reprinted on a single narrow leaf for convenience of the strenuous.
Additional suggestions to appear on page 81.

Fig 70. Cui-Toc’-y-BE 1N-FUN-DIB-U-LI-FOR’-MIS. FUNNEL CLI-TOC’-Y-BE. A neat little toad-
stool collected{in woods nearjSandusky, Ohio.

University Bulletin, Series 8. No. 30. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, O.

78 Mycological Bulletin No. 20 [Vol If

FIELD STUDY OF MUSHROOMS

(AGARICACEAE)

USE THE BLANK ON REVERSE SIDE

Field study is necessary in case of Mushrooms with soft
fleshy texture. They cannot be prepared for the herbarium in
any way that will fully retain the characters of the fresh plant.
But dried specimens are not useless—prepared with care they
serve to interpret the descriptions that are drawn up from the
fresh specimens.

Abundant specimens should be dried quickly by fire-heat in
a wire rack placed over a stove or lamp. They should then be
stored in pasteboard boxes—not moistened and pressed flat as is
sometimes advised.

To kill larvae or infesting insects: Put the specimens ina
small box with tight-fitting lid and with them place a little
Carbon Bisulphide (in a small dish, or saturate a wad of cotton);
this volatile substance will prove effectual in an hour or in
several hours if specimens are large. The vapor of the Carbon
Bisulphide is highly inflammable—do not use it at night or near
a stove. It is well to keep moth balls in the boxes with the
specimens.

The blank on the reverse side and the ideas above are com-
piled for the most part from Prof. Earle’s article in Torreya. He
also adds the pertinent suggestion that the discriptions be sup-
plemented by photographs and water-color sketches.

It is scarcely necessary to add that an ample quantity of
complete specimens should be at hand when making out the
descriptions; the plants should be dug up or a portion of the
matrix removed—never broken off and leaving the basal part. All
stages in development should be illustrated. Particularly the
change of colors should be noted. Gills, for example, as well as
spores when immature may be pure white, but take on a char-
acteristic color with age. It is suggested that Prang’s nomen-
clature of colors be used. (‘The Prang Standard of Color,”
Popular Edition, No. 1, One Dollar; Louis Prang, Boston, Mass. )

For package of these descriptive blanks, send five cents to

W. A. KELLERMAN, Columbus, Ohio

HH

De ba eat Pe HU a WLLL
4 Sali | 8

1 2 5 10
100 Millimeters 10 Centimeters 1 Decimeter

“Lines” ‘twelfths) 1 2 3 Inches 4

ilies slab li les rll

25 Aug. 1904] Mycological Bulletin No. 20

No.

Name

Habitat

Locality
Date

Collector aie

Width

Shape

PILEUS

Surface

|
I olor
| Colo)
L

Margin

Number

Shape

GILLS

Color Z =e ee

| Attachment
J
)
{

_ Spores
Veil

Annulus

( Length and Thickness

Shape aos

=
a 4 Surface —
N

Color

| Substance :

Consistency (inel. Juice)

Taste

Odor =

Color
| Changes = a
J
|
ft

NOTES:

Described by

80 Mycological Bulletin No. 20 {[ Vol. IL

FIG 71. LEP-I-O’-TA NAU-CI'-NA.

SMOOTH LEP-I-O'-TA. EDIBLE, Taken

from the Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden, by permission of
Dr. Wm Trelease, Further explanation in next Number.

MEMBERS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL CLUB, 1904.—ConTINUED,

D. S. Harding, Susquehanna, Pa.

Edward T. Harper, Chicago, Ill.

R. A. Harper, University of Wisconsin.
Mrs. Carolyn W. Harris, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Dr. J. W. Harshberger, University of Pa.
Nathan A, Harvey, Chicago, IL.

Jno, G. Hathaway, Chillicothe, Ohio.

Miss R. A. Hatherell, Spring Green, Wisc.

Miss M. R. Haughwont, Wilson College, Pa.

G. U. Hay, St. Jolin, N. B.
Prin. Seth Hayes, Lancaster, Ohio.
Dr. G. C. Hays, Williamsport, Ohro,

G. G. HWedeeock, Missouri Botanical Garden,

Wm. T. Heilman, Canal Winchester, Ohio.
Supt. BE. C. Hedrick. Bloomingburg, Ohio.
Dr. H. D. Hemenway, Hartford, Conn.

Dr. William Herbst, Trexlertown, Pa.

Prof. W. B. Herms, German Wallace College.
Mrs. W. B. Herms, Berea, Ohio,

Miss E. E. Hersey, Harvard, Mass.

Miss Mary L. Hersey, Chelsea, Mass.

Prof. Paul A. Herr, Lincoln Memorial Uniy.
Rey. Herman Herzer, Marietta, Ohio.

Miss Alice W. Hess, Bradley Institute.

Miss Mary A. Hickman, Greencastle, Ind.

E. J. Wiggins, Tiffin, Ohio.

Wim. Kerr Higley, Editor of Birds and Nature.
Albert J. Hill, New Westminster, B. C.

BK. J, Hill, Guelph, Ontario.

Martha KE. Hinckley, Greenwich, Ohio,

Prof. N. C. Hirsehy, Bluffton, Ohio.

Miss Helena M. Hoch, Moravian Seminary, Pa,

(TO BE CONTINUED)

The Mycological Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all members
of the Mycological Club. All eligible to membership who are interested in Nature
or the Bulletin. Fee,10 cents. A few copies of Vol. I remain; price 50 cents each.

Mycological Bulletin No. 21

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, Sept. 5, 1904

THE ILLUSTRATIONS.—Fungi to be found by everybody are shown in this
No. and while we have to bear the responsibility of three illustrations, it is
to the kindness of Dr. Wm. Trelease that the beautiful cut of Lepiota, Fig.
73, is given on page 82. This is supplementary to Fig. 71 which was published
on page 80.

EXPLANATIONS OF THE DESCRIPTIVE BLANK.—Recurring to the blank for
descriptions of Mushrooms published in the previous NuMBER for those who
wish to study somewhat carefully the Gill-fungi, it has seemed best to sug-
gest afew points that may aid beginners.

First, it is suggested that all specimens be serially numbered whether
they are thoroughly studied, described or figured, or merely collected and
sent away for name and comment. Never repeat a number—there is no ob-
jection or inconvenience even if the series runs up to hundreds.

The habitat is quite important—meaning the place in which the specimen
is found or usually grows—as in fields, open woods, thick shady woods, on
soil, on stumps, logs, ete.

The pileus can be easily described in brief. plain language, as to size, shape
and color; the shape is commonly convex like the Common Mushroom, but
the convexity may be greater when it would be campanulate (bell shape), or
it may become expanded or plane (flattened) as it approaches maturity. If
it has a sharp. deep depression (asin Fig. 70) it is said to be in-fun-dib'-u-li-
form; a slight depression isindicated by the word wm-bil’-i-cate; if it has a
boss or knob (wmbo) in the centre it is described as wm’-bo-nate. The pileus
may be smooth, scaly, striate, moist, viscid (sticky), water-soaked, etc.;
its margin may be straight as applied to the stem or inewrved.

: Fig. 72. TRE-MEL’-LA AL’-BI-DA. WHITE TRE-MEL’-LA. EpiBLe. This belongs to the group
of Trembling fungi, having a gelatinous consistency, when fresh having a soft clammy touch and
yielding like a mass of gelatine. The botanists put them in the group of Ba-sid-i-o-my-ce’-tae_ to which
all the Gill fungi and many others belong. This species is common on rotton wood in moist shady
places. The specimens were collected near Sandusky, Ohio. 7

University Bulletin. Series 8. No. 31. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, 0.

82 Mycological Bulletin No. 21 Kota

The Gills can not be characterized off-hand so readily and certain techni-
cal terms are indispensable. For example, they are said to be broad. narrow,
lanceolate, triangular, etc., according to their shape when viewed from the
side,—?. e., when the pileus is cut in halves showing the gill in full width and
length. The ends of the gills next to the stem are to be especially noted; they
are said to be adnate when set squarely to the stem and attached; if they run
down on the stem they are decurrent; but if they are rounded and not at-
tached to the stem they are said to be free. In some caves they have a
notch or curve at the posterior end (end next to stem), when they are de-
seribed as emarginate or sinuate.

The spores should always be described as to color seen in mass—the
spore print settles this; ora pocket lens or a low power of the microscope
can be used to advantage. Whena high power is availabie (say a 4 ora ®)
the shape and size of the spores should be recorded.

Doubtless the above suggestions will be ample to guide the beginner who
wishes to try his hand on the descriptive blank. which was given in the pre-
vious NuMBerR. If some question then still persists in the mind, the party is re-
quested to speak out.

Fig. 73. Lep-t-o'-TA NAU-cl'-NA, SmooTu Lep-t-o’-ra. Epipir. This illustration shows a ma-
ture specimen of the same Mushroom given under Fig. 71, p- 80. AS has been stated elsewhere, the
genus Lepiota is closely related to Amanita but differs from it in not having a volva. ureful inspec-
tion relative to this point should always be made. The Smooth Lepiota grows in lawns, in pastures,
by roadsides, ete. At this season of the year itis quite abundant. It is white or the cap may be buff,
and in age the gills become dirty pink in color. Our figure is reproduced from the Annual Report of
the Missouri Botanical Garden by permission of Director Wm. Trelease.

5 Sept. 1904 Mycological Bulletin No. 21 83

pew! Fig. 74. ITH-Y-PHAL'-LUs 1M-pU’-DI-cus. STINKHORN. This is a’common Phal’-loid at once
known by its peculiar shape and vile odor about which comments may be reserved for the future.
The photograph was made frum a specimen [collected near Sandusky, Ohio, ty Professor F. L.
Landacre.

S84 Mycological Bulletin No. 21 [ Vol. IF

Fig. 75. AM-A-NI'-TA RU-BES’-CENS. REDDISH AM-A-NI’-TA. Of these
species Professor Atkinson says: “Edible but use great caution. It is so-
called because of the sordid reddish color diffused over the entire plant, and
especially because bruised portions quickly turn toa reddish color.” The speci-
men from which the photograph was taken, was collected in open woods,
Johnson’s Island, Sandusky, Ohio, by HH. York.

MEMBERS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL CLUB, 1904.—Continugp,

Prof. Jas. S. Hine, O. S. U. KF. T. Hughes, Madisonville, Ohio,

E. C. Hirst, O. 8S. U. Walter Hummel, Missouri Botanical Garden.
Bertha Hite, O. 8S. U, Miss Mabel Hunter, Ironville, N. Y.

A. S. Hoffman, Smart Set Magazine. Mr. Coleman Hussey, Cincinnati, Ohio.

W. P. Holt, High School, Toledo, Ohio. Charles D. Hutchins. Concord, Mass.

Prof. J. M. Holzinger, Winona Normal School. Chas. P. Ingold, Hudson Park, Madison, Wise.
Prof, O. P. Hood, Michigan College of Mines. If. S. Jackson. Cornell University.

Lewis 8. Hopkins. High School, Troy, Ohio. Davis L. James, Cincinnati, Ohio.

S. E. Horlacher, Dayton, Ohio. Miss Mary D James, Coshocton, Ohio.

F. E. Hosterman, Springfield, Ohio, Mr. Otto E. Jennings, Carnegie Museum.
Miss Elizabeth Howe. Dayton, Ohio. L. P. Jensen, St. Louis, Mo,

Dr. Charles Hoyt, Chillicothe, Ohio. Win. C, Jewett, Cincinnati, Ohio.

(TO BE CONTINUED)

The Mycological Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all members
of the Mycological Club. All eligible to membership who are interested in Nature
or the Bulletin. Fee,10 cents. A few copies of Vol. 1 remain; price 50 cents each,

Mycological Bulletin No. 22

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, Oct. 20, 1904

A New Proposition.—The publication of the BULLETIN has been Satis-
factory so far, yet it is the opinion of some (including the editor) that more
frequent issues would be very desirable. Therefore a tentative proposition is
made, namely, to print the MycoLOGICAL BULLETIN in 1905 as a semi-monthly
periodical—the total number of pages, illustrations, etc., would in that man-
ner be doubled. For this there would be charged 25 cents a year. I thank
those very sincerely who have voluntarily paid more than the regular sub-
scription price of 10 cents; only one half of the cash expense (I may say it
privately) has been met by the total receipts. This statement is made simply
to justify the charge of 25 cents—in case the Bulletin is enlarged as suggested.
If those, who consider this an unfortunate and undesirable step, will kindly

=

: Fig. 76. HEL-VEL’-LA LA-CU-NO’-SA. GROOVED HEL-VEL’-LA. Attrac-
tive white plants with irregular caps — near relatives of the Morchellas, or
Morels; like the latter they are edible. The deep longitudinal grooves in the
stem are characteristic for this species. The specimens from which the half-
tone was made were collected in moist woods near Sandusky, Ohio.

University Bulletin, Series 8. No. 32. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office, at Columbus, O.

86 Mycological Bulletin No [Vol. II

protest at once, I will know better what course to pursue. If no objection
comes and your subscription is not ordered discontinued, I will take it that
you wish your name continued on the mailing list at the new price.

Wuat May THEN BE DONE IN THE FUTURE.—In case the proposed in-
crease in size of the annual volume of the BULLETIN obtains, more illustra-
tions made from photos sent in by subscribers will be published, and this
opportunity is taken to urge that abundant photos be sent. The commonest
mushrooms and all conspicuous fungi are the very ones most desirable for
this purpose. The BULLETIN will continue to be a Leaflet for beginners and
amateurs—students too might perhaps use it to their advantage, and teachers
of Botany and those carrying on Nature Study in the schools likewise may
find it interesting and profitable. The increased size would not only afford
opportunity to double the number of illustrations, but also allow fuller and
perhaps more systematic explanations of matters mycological and mycophagi-
cal. Many descriptive terms that are technical and difficult—but their use as
advantageous as unavoidable—could be explained if more space is available.
But I desist—for I have already betrayed too strong inclination to enlarge the
BULLETIN!

MEMBERS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL CLUB, 1904 — Continued.

Mrs. C. F. Johnston, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Miss A. E. Jones, Baltimore, Md.

mee Jones, Maitland, Canada.
S. A. Jones, Washington, D.C.

Shelby C. Jones, St. Louis, Mo.

Blanche Karns, Bluffton, Ind.

S. M. Keenan, Eloise, Mich.

Mr. T. J. Keenan, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Kk. F. Kellerman, W ashington, Dac:

Miss E. H. Kellogg, Hoboken, N. J.
125 1845 Kennedy, Ph Reno, Nev.

Dr.G. G. Kennedy, Readv rille, Mass.

Mrs. C. W. Keplinger, Canton, Oo.
Sarah S. Kimball, Salem, Mass.
Miss E. Kitzmiller, Canton, O.

M. Klein, Borden, Mass.

Mr.C. A. Klemm, Cincinnati, O.
Mrs. C. D. Klemm, Cincinnati, O.
Josephine Klippart, Columbus, O.
Mr. C. C. Kloepfer, Springfield, ‘©.
Mr. Ernest Knaebel, Denver, Colo.
J. E. C. Kohlsaat, Cincinnati, O.
Carl Krebs, Cleveland, (O}

Dr. A. F. kK. Krout, Glenolden, Pa.
C, F. Kyser, Grenold, Kansas.
Jesse LaDow, Mansfield, O.

Mrs. E.S. Lamprey, Concord, N. H.

A. F, Lane, Milwaukee, Wisc.

Miss E. EK. Laughlin, Barnesville, O.

Supt. C. Lawrance. Waverly, O.

Prof. Edwin Lee, Mt. Union College.

Mrs. B. C. Leavitt, Denver, Colo.
Mrs. C. D. Leggett, Fairfield, lowa.

I. W. Leibensperger, Columbus, O.

W. H. Lemmon, Brockport, N. Y.

A.C. Lewis, Oklahoma, A. & M. Coll.

Prof. F. Z. Lewis, Brookly Ti, Neny
M. E. Lewis, Youngstown, Q,

Mr. C. R. Leyman, Cincinnati, O.
Miss Carrie Lieghley, Hartville, O.

E. O. Lieghley, B.S., Baltimore, Md.
Miss Myrtle Lieghley, Hartville, O.

Dr. Joshua Lindahl, Cincinnati, O.
E. H. Lindsey, Mansfield, oO.

CoD: Lippincott, Swedesboro, N. J.

S. N. Littlefield, Salem, Mass.

L. S. Livingston, Scarsdale, N. Y.
J. F. Llewellyn, Mexico, Mo.

Prof. F. E. Lloyd, Columbia Univ.
Prof. W. Lochhead, Guelph, Ont.

F. A. Loew, Agricultural Coll., Mich.

Prof. W. H. Long, Jr., Denton, Tex.
Henry Loth, V.S., Cincinnati, Ov
J. H. Lovell, Waldoboro, Maine.

Prin. A. L. Lyon, Garden- Grove, Io:

Margaret Mace, Chillicothe. O.

C. G. Mackintosh, Peabody, Mass.

R. B. Mackintosh, Peobody, Mass.

Miss EK. M. McKibbin, Baltimore, Md.

Miss BE. L. Manley, Pittsf’d Mills, Vt.

A.C. Manning, Philadelphia, Pa.

I. F. Mansfield, Beaver, Pa

F. L. Maris, Bethesda, O.

Nina L. Marshall, Metuchen, N. J.

Ruth Marshall, Appleton, Wisc.

Clara G. Mark, O.S. U.

Louise Mark, 'N. Cumberl’ dis Wana

emyVis Martens, Jr., Shrub Oak, N. Y.

Dr. W. H. Martin, Chillicothe, oO.

J. H. Massey, Bolton, Conn.

E. E. Masterman, New London, O.

Caroline Mathews, Waterville, Me.

Geo. H. Matson, Jr., Columbus, O

T. B. McClintock, Chicago, Ill.

George E. McClure, St. Louis, Mo.

Professor McCoard, OnSaWe

H. M. McCurdy, Kansas City, Mo.

Nt bg McCutchan, Whitewater, Wis.

F. E. McDonald, Peoria, dE

Mary McKinley, O.S. U.

Ethel McLane, Barnesville, O.

Wm. McMurray, Wapakoneta, O.

W.J. McMurray. Wapakoneta, O.

Anna McOwen, Black Lick, O.

James McOwen, Jr., O. S. ie

Mr. John W. Meadows, Hoods, Ky.

Dr. M. W. Meadows, Cincinnati, O.

Dr. C. S. Means, Columbus, O.

O. P. Medsger, Arlington, N. J.

Prof. W. F. Mercer, Athens, O.

Fred A. Messmer, ‘Sy dney, O.

Dr. Haven Metcalf, ClemsonC., S.C.

Mrs. R. E. Metcalf, Hinsdale, N. H.

Zz, P. Metcalf, ©: Su

Elmer Miller, Buford, O.

Dr. C. F. Millspaugh, Field Colum-
bian Museum.

E.R. Minns,O.S. U.

O. Mitchell, Sanford, Fla.

Dr. W. S. Moffatt, Chicago, Ill.

S.C. Moon, Morrisville, Pa.

W. L. Moore, Pilot Point, Texas.

Willard Moore, McConnelsville, O.

E. L. Morris, Washington, D.C.

Geo. E. Morris, Waltham, Mass.

Dr. G. K. Morris, Cleveland, O.

Miss May Morrow, New Y ork, NG Xa

Geo. C. Morse, Waltham, Mass.

)

X

20 Oct. 1904 Mycological Bulletin No. 22

Fig. 77. DI-DYM’-I-UM- SQUA-MU-LO’-SUM. A SLIME MOULD. The Slime
Moulds while they are feeding and growing, creep about over decaying vege-
tation in sheltered places. Theslimeorjelly-like substance of which they are
composed may be yellowish, or occasionally of a deep yellow or bright red
color. Finally the soft matter (protoplasm) shapes itself into little bodies as
shown in the illustration; other species of course have different forms. The
Spores are formed within the globons receptacles—and were not this repro-
ductive stage in some respects like that of plants, these organisms would un-
hesitatingly be excluded from the vegetable kingdom. Other species will be
shown in the future, and more can be said in regard to these peculiar ‘plants.’
The above specimens were collected on Cedar Point, near Sandusky, Ohio.

88 Mycological Bulletin No. 22 [ Vol. IL

Fig. 78. MA-RAS’-MI-US CAN’-DI-DUS.

WHITE MA-RAS’-MLUS. This deli-

cate species grows in moist, sheltered, shady places in woods—its habitat and
structure fully illustrated in the half tone presented. The specimens were
collected near Sandusky, Ohio, by H. H. York and C. J. Carter.

MEMBERS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL CLUB, 1904.—ContTinvED,

Prof. W. J. Morse, University of Vermont.
Henry Moser, Wapakoneta, 0.

Prof. D. M. Motier, University of Indiana.
Mrs. ©. A. Muller. Baltimore, Md.

Prof. L. Murbach, Detroit High School.
Miss M. 8. Murray, Niagara Falls, N. Y.
Prof. J. P. Naylor, DePauw University.
Jas. A. Nelson, University of Pennsylvania.
N. L. T. Nelson, St. Louis, Mo.

Dr. Lyman C. Newell, Boston University.
Rey. 8S. M. Newman, Washington, D. C.

O. A. Nincehelser, M. D,, Mechanicsburg, O.

Mrs. M. A. Noble, Lake Helen, Florida.
L. W. Nuttall, Nuttallburg, W. Va.

H. C. Oberholser, Washington, D. C.
Dr. Helen Cox O’Connor, Garden City, }
Chase 8. Osborn, Sault Ste. Marie. Mich.
Professor Herbert Osborn, O. 8. U.

Mr. Jacob Osborn, Peabody, Mass.

Mr. Clifford Otte, Cincinnati, O.

Tilda Owen, Mechanicsburg, O.

E. G. Padgham, Cincinnati, O,

Neds

G. W. Page, Newton Center, Mass.

T. O. Page, B. A., Guelph, Canada.

Prin. I. C. Painter, Sydney, O.

Miss Leila B. Palmer, Cassville, N. Y.

Mrs. N. A. Palmer, Chicago, II.

S. A. Pancoast, Ashtabula, O.

G. A. Parker, Hartford, Conn.

Miss M. L. Parker, Ghent, Ky.

Miss Sarah 8S. Parks, Cincinnati, O.

Mr. ©. A. Parry, Silver Lake Assembly, N. Y.
Mrs. Flora W. Patterson, Washington, D. C.
Prof. C. H. Peck, State Botanist, N. Y.

Mrs. W. O. Peet, Wolworth, N. Y.

Cc. D. Pendell, Binghamton, N. Y.

Miss K. J. Penfield, Pittsford Mills, Vt.
Prof. D, P. Penhollow, McGill University.
Dr. H. 8. Pepoon, Chicago, Il.

Mrs. Benjamin Percival, Lynn, Mass.

Mrs. M. 8. Percival, Rugby, Tenn.

Dr. Henry J. Perry, Boston, Mass.

Prof. Alfred M. Peter, Ky. A. & M. College.
Laura VY. Phelps, Xenia, O.

(v0 BE CONTINUED)

The Mycological Bulletin is issued from time to time and sent to all members of
the Mycological Club. All eligible to membership who are interested in Nature or the
Bulletin. Fee 1ocents. A few copies of Volume I remain; price 50 cents each.

Mycological Bulletin No. 23

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, Nov. 20, 1904

ANNOUNCEMENT.—It has been definitely decided that during 1905 the
MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN will be issued as a Semi-monthly. It will retain its
present form, style and character, but the frequency of the issues will be

“i Fig, 79. A-MAN-I-TOP’-sSIS VAG-I-NA’-TA, SHEATHED A-MAN-I-TOP’-sis. EpiBte. A common eo
in woods being gray or mouse-colored; some forms are said to be brownish or fulyous.” The cut shows
the conspicuous cylindrical volva and the deep striae or ridges of the pileus. The plant is brittle and
fragile. It is a near relative of the genus 4m-a-ni'-ta, but from the latter A-man-i-top'-sis is separated
by the absence of an annulus. The photo was made from a specimen collected by H. H. York, on
Johnson’s Island, Sandusky, Ohio, July 20, 1904.

University Bulletin. Series 8. No. 33. Entered as Second Class Mutter, Post-office, at Columbus, O

90 Mycological Bulletin No. 23 2 vole

doubled: the total number of pages, cuts, &c. will be twice as many as print-
ed during 1904. The price will be 25c. per annum.

Subscribers are asked .o forward the 25 cents at anearly convenience; an
especial request is made tkatif in any case it is desired that a name be re-
moved from the mailing list, the person will kindly notify me at once.

PHOTOGRAPHS SOLICITED.—It will be a pleasure to reproduce photos of
fungi that subscribers may send for the purpose—and we will not confine our-

MEMBERS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL CLUB, 1904—(Continued.)

Miss Eliza Philbrick. Salem, Mass.

Supt. H. S. Piatt, Coshocton, O.

Mrs. F. A. Pierce. Brookline, Mass.

Mrs. Sherwood Pinkertoiu.. Zanesville.

Dr. H. H. Piper, Somerville, Mass.

Thomas Piwonka, Cleveland, 0.

F. W. Plapp, Chicago, Ill.

Mr. ©. C. Plitt, Baltimore, Md.

Prof. J. C. Poindexter, Cheyney, Pa.

Grace J. Pomeroy, Saranac Lake, N.Y.

Miss Edna Porter, Buffalo, N. Y.

Mr. Fred B. Porter, Chicago, Ill.

Miss Luda B. Porter, Newark, Ohio

Prof. W. L. Poteat, Lake Forest, N.C.

Geo. W. Price, Peabody, Mass,

Wm. A. Price. Boston, Mass.

Prof. Chas. S. Prosser. 0. S. U.

Mrs. J. J. Puffer, Sudbury, Mass.

Olive Pulis, Troy, N. Y.

Sr. M. Quiroga, Cornell University.

Prof. F. L, Raney. Fairfield, Iowa.

S. Rapp, Sanford. Fla

D. BE. Rausch, Cincinnati. O.

Prof Paul M. Rea Coll. of Charleston

Prof. Howard S. Reed, Univ. of Mo.

Miss Bessie Reefy, Elyria, Ohio.

K. P. Reefy, Elyria. Ohio.

Mr. G, Reichling. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Mrs. Edward L. Rice, Delaware, O.

Miss L. C. Riddle, 0. S. U.

C. S. Ridgway, Lumberton, N. J.

Mr. H. G. Riggs, Mt. Ephraim, O.

Mr. M. Riser, Adelbert College

Miss Eva Roach. Chillicothe, O.

Miss Caroline Roberts, Baltimore, Md.

W. P. Roberts. Marysville, O.

W.S. Robinson, Fostoria, O.

Miss Ff. W. Rondthaler, Moravian
Seminary, Pa.

Willis IT. Ropes, Salem, Mass.

W.G. Ross, Fairfield, Lowa

Prin. G. A. Ruetenik, Cleveland, O.

©. P. Russell, Lake Helen, Fla.

Plizabeth S. Russell. Lineoln. Va.

Miss Adele Sachs, Cincinnati, Ohio.

B.S. Sanford, Hudson, Ohio.

Miss Alice Savage. Salem, Iowa.

T. E. Savage Des Moines. Iowa,

Dr. R. HE. Sawyer. Bakchito, Ind. Ter.

Prof. J. H. Schaffner, 0. S. U.

Mrs. J. H. Schaffner, O.S. U.

Prof. S. C. Sehmucker, Pa. State
Normal.

Dr. Albert Schneider, Calif. College of
Pharmacy.

Jobn J. Schoonhoyen, Brooklyn, N. Y.

George D. Schulte, St. Louis, Mo.

Miss Kate Schweibold, Xenia, Ohio

W. E. Sealock, 0. S. U.

Miss Emma C. Sears, Benton Center,
INS AGS

J. A. Sears, Peabody Acad of Science,
Salem, Mass.

Frances Seaton, Cleveland, O.

A. B. Seymour, Cambridge, Mass.

Mrs. K. D. Sharp, London, 0.

J. E. Shatzel, Bowling Green, Ohio

Dr. Walter R. Shaw, Stillwater, Ohio.

C. L. Shear, U. S. Dept. of Agr.

Dr. Edw. M. Shepard, Springfield, Mo.

Helen Sherman, Madison, Wis.

Dr. Lewis Sherman, Milwaukee, Wis.

Miss Sarah M. Sherrick, Westerville.

L. P. Shideler, Hamilton, O.

Dr. R. W. Shufeldt, New York, N. Y.

Liilie Shumard, Madisonville, Ohio

S. L. Shumo, Philadelphia, Pa.

Emma L. Shutts, Whitewater, Wis.

Robert J. Sim, Jefferson, O.

Supt, J. D. Simkins, Newark, O.

Frank W. Simmons, Waltham, Mass.

Minnie M. Simon, Baltimore, Md.

C. D. Simpson, MeConnelsville, O.

Dr. Chas. E Slocum, Defiance, O.

Arthur L. Smith, Valley Crossing, 0.

Mrs. A. M. Smith, Brooklyn, N. Y.

©. A. Smith, Chillicothe, Ohio

Theodate L. Smith, Clark University

Dr. W. H. Smith, Lawton, W. Va.

Mr. B. B. Smyth. Topeka, Kan.

Miss F. A. Smyth, Boston, Mass.

Mrs. L. M. Sniff, Angola, Ind.

Miss Flora B Snowden, Dayton, O

Prof. A. A. Wright, Oberlin, O.

Prin. J.B. Wright, Wilmington, O.

H. H. York; ©! S;U.

Supt. L. D. York, Barnesville, O-

Prin. C. H. Young, Kings Mills, O.

Stanley Zerner, O.S. U.

Dr. H. A. Zimmerman, Youngstown.
Mr. Jacob Zint, Wapakoneta, Ohio.

202 Nov. 1904 Mycological Bulletin No. 23 91
selves stricliy to tue Conspicuous Mushrooms, many of which have been gen-
erously illustrated in the good books; but—following the recent suggestion of
a subscriber—it is hoped that many of the commonsmaller forms, interesting
fungi of Various groups, may find place on the pages of the Semi-monthly
leaflet during the year

THE GENUS A-MAN-I-TOP’-STS.—Some comment has already been made on
this genus of white-spored Agarics on a previous page, and especial attention
ealled to the characters that separate Am-a-ni'-ta, A-man-i-top’-sis, and Lep-
i-o'-ta—all of which contain many common and conspicuous Mushrooms. On
the first page of this No. is shown acomimon species of A man-i-top'-sis thatis
edible. The volya can be seen, and its affinity to Am-a-ni'-ta is thereby indi-
eated; but no annulus is present. In Lep-i-o'-ta a ring is present and a volva
is wanting. As mentioned before, the cap in all these is easily separable from
the stem. By some mycologists A-man-i-top’-sis is considered but a sub-
genus of Am-a-ni'-ta, since it differs from that genus only in having no veil.
There are about ten American species. Atkinson describes and figures three
of the species. McIlvaine mentions ten species and gives colored figures of
three of them. None of the species are known to be poisonous. The word
A-man-i top’-sis means like Am-a-ni'- ta.

MEMBERS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL CLUB, 1904—Continued.
Louella S>llars, Columbus, \). J.5. Van lervoort, Wilmington, O.

Miss Leola Somers, Chillicothe, O.

Leland J. Spalding, Webster, Mass.

Arch D. Spellman, Ashtabula, O.

B. A. Spindler, Canton, 0.

Miss Maude Spitler, Dayton, 0,

S.5. Staley, Mechanicsburg, O.

Sister M. Stanislas, St. Francis
Academy, Joliet, Ill.

4s H. P. Starkweather, Lake Helen,
was

Miss Edna Stauffer, Chillicothe, 0.

Fannie A. Stebbins, Springtield,

Dr. F. &. Stevens. West Raleigh, N.C.

Miss Mary L. Stevens, Brookline,
Mass.

U. Oscar Stevens, Newark, ©.

Prof. G. E. Stone, Amherst, Mass.

Stacy S. Storer, Toledo, O.

ee E. M.G. Stradling, Philadelphia,

a.

Mrs. H. Streeter, Philadelphia, Pa.

Geo. Stroehle, Jr.. Chillicothe, O.

Prof. Wm. C. sturgis, Colorado
Springs, Colo.

Supt. D. Rk. Sumstine, Kittaning, Pa.

Prof. H. A. Surface, State Zoologist
of Pennsvlvania.

Mr. W. V. Swartzbaugh, Chillicothe.

Prof. A. R. Sweetser, Univ. of Oregon

Mr. Allen Taylor, Cincinnati, O

Emmett A. Taylor, McConnelsville, ©.

Miss Mary E. Taylor, Everett, Wash.

J. Otto Thilow, Philadelphia, Pa.

Mr. EF. H. Thomas, Cambridge. Mass.

Prof. M. B. Thomas, Wabash College.

Miss A. F. Thompson. Summit, N. J.

Dr. F. M. Thompson, Detroit, Mich.

Miss A. F. Thompson, Summit, N. J.

Mr. L.E. Thurston, Perry, N. Y.

Opal [. Tillman, O.S. U.

Joe H. Todd, Wooster, O.

H.C. Tracy. Oberlin, Ohio.

Irven Travis, MeConnelsville, O.

Dr. H. L. True. McConnelsville, O.

John H. Tull, [thaca, N. Y.

Mrs. George M. Turner, Buffalo. N. Y.

Thomas Turvill,Madison, Wisc.

Miss Edith M. Twiss. Cleveland, 0,

F. J Tvler, U. S. Dept. of Agr.

Mr. J. Van ue pee Silver Lake As-
sembly, N.

Mass.

Miss L onora\ inal, Somerville, Mass.
F.C. Wagenhal, O. S. U.
Mrs. Ralph Walling, ‘Victor, INE Ys
Mrs. Henry A, Ward, Lynn, Mass.
Thos, B. Ware, Spokane, Wash.
Dr. L. H. Watson, Chicago, Ill.
Roscoe J. Webb, Garrettsville, O.
E. N. Webb, O. S, U.
Geo. E. Webster, Kingsville, O.
Mr. Hollis Webster, Boston, Mass.
Johu Weil, Mansfield, ©.
Wm. W. Weir, Detroit, Mich.
Miss Denise Welch, Chicago, I11-
Miss Emma F. Wellman, Hinsdale,
Miss Jessie Wells, McConnelsville, O.
John T. Wells, Wellesley Farms,
Mass,
Philip Wells, Milwaukee. Wisc.
Prof. W. R. Wells, Yellow Springs, O.
Prin. Wm. Wertner, Dayton, Ohio.
Prof, A. Wetzstein, St. Marys, Ohio.
Mr. S.C. Wheat, Brooklyn, N. Y.
H H. Whetsel, Cornell University.
Miss Helen A. White, Salem, Mass.
Alex. E. Wright, Wellesley Mills,
Mass.
Lydia B. Wilbur, Boston, Mass.
DE E. Mead Wilcox. Ala. Polytech.
nst.
E. Wilkinson, Mansfield. O.
Mae Wilkinson, Mansfield, O.
Miss C. A. Williams, Baltimore,
Prof. S. kt. Williams, Oxford, O.
Mrs. T. A. Williams, Memphis, Nebr.
T.O. Williams, Circleville, O.
L. A. Williamson Bluffton, Ind.
Capt. Eugene T. Wilson, San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Pref.G. W. Wilson, Mt. Union College
John Wilson, Wapakoneta, O.
Dr-M. B. Wilson. London, O.
Miss Maude D. Wilson, Dayton, O.
eae Winkenneiper, Watertown,
isc.
T.O. Winship, Cumberland Mills. Me.
Miss Hazel Wise, Cincinnati. Ohio
W. W. Witmver, Springfield, Ohio.
Mr. Harvard Witschager, Cincinnati.
Mrs. A, R. Witte. Brooklyn. N. Y.
Mr. Fred B. Wolfe, Spear Library,
Oberlin, O.
C. A. Woolson, Pittsford Mills, Vt,

Md.

Mycological Bulletin No. °23 [| Fol, i

Fig. 80. Hy-pHo-L0'-MA CAP-NOL'-DES GRAY-GILL HY-PHO-LO’-MA, Cut from the Idaho Experiment
Station Bulletin, No. 27, by L. Ff. Henderson. This, Prof. Henderson says, isa fine Mushroom, good
raw or cooked. Macllyaine says there is no better Hypholoma. This species has been reported from
New York to California.

The My :>logizal Bullztin will be issued in 1905 as a Semi-monthly; price 25 cents.

Mycological Bulletin No. 24

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, Dec, 24, 1904

END OF SECOND VOLUME.—It is most gratifying to close the second vol-
ume of the BULLETIN with even greater interest than was manifested a year
ago. This is all the encouragement needed to continue the publication of the
Leaflet. Better paper has been used, and I am hoping for possibly better
halttones also the coming year. Ali camera fiends will now see their oppor-
tunity! It was only after much hesitation that the price was increased to
25 cents, but I may be excused for this expansion which had, of course, to go
along with increase of pages and cuts. When the BULLETIN arrives at the
‘‘paying basis” there will be another expansion —but the price will not
be increased again for 99 years.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.— The change in price may possibly disturb the
mailing list to some extent, hence it will be a great favor if the annual fee of
25 cents is sent in at once, or the notice sent immediately to remove name
when preferred. The Bulletin is sent to no one gratis.

THe GENUS Hy-PHO-LO’-MA—This includes several common and interest-
ing fungi with dark brown or purple brown spores. The Greek words from
which the word Hy-pho-lo’ma is derived, means web and fringe; the veil is
web-like and adheres to the margin ofthe pileus. There is therefore no ring
or an’-nu-lus. The gills are attached tothe stem, The stem is said to be con-
tinuous with the substance of the cap; that means, it is not easily separated
from it. In Atkinson’s Mushrooms Hdible and Poisonous there are several
beautiful illustrations of some of the species. The cut of Hy-pho-lo’-ma cap-
noi’-des on the last page of this No. was kindly loaned by Prof. Henderson of
the Idaho Experiment Station.

MEMBERS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL CLUB, 1904.
SUPPLEMENTARY LIST.
Chas. A. Aiken, Wellesly Farms, Mass. Prof. E. Bethel, Denver, Colo.

Prof. Walter H. Aiken, Cincinnati, O. Supt. Sim. H. Bing, Bidwell, Ohio.
Prof. Ezra Allen, Mont. State Normal Mrs. R. W. Bishop, Syracuse, N. Y.

College. Emma J. W. Blanchard. N. Cam-
Grace Allen, Newtonville, Mass. bridge, Mass.
Dr. A. A. Angell, Asheville, N. C. Miss Alice Brenckle, Milwaukee, Wis.
M. F. Arey, Iowa State Normal School TT. H. Briggs, Jr., Charleston, Il.
J. R. Atchison, London, Ohio. Miss M. W. Brooks, Sa’em, Mass.
W. H. Baker, Trentou, Mo. Prof. Wm. P. Brooks, Amherst, Mass.

Dr. J. H. Barnhart, Tarrytown, N. Y. Hon. W. G. Brorein, Buckland, 0.

University Bulletin, Series 8. No. 34. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office, at Columbus, O

Mycological Bulletin No. 24

[ Vol. IT

MEMBERS OF THE THE MYCOLOGICAL CLUB, 1904.

SUPPLEMENTARY
Margaret Buckingham, Newark, O.
Stewart H. Burnham, Sandy Hill, N. Y.
F. W. Bushby, Peabody, Mass.
George S. Butler, Columbus, O.
S. C. Caldweli, West Carrollton, O.
Caroline Carmack, O. S. U.
Ira D. Cardiff, Columbia University.
Lola Cherrington, Wellston, O.
Dr. J Fred. Clarke, Fairfield, Lowa.
J. F. Clevenger, O. S. U.
Ethel P. Cochrane, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Coe College Library, Cedars Rapids,

Towa.
Miss M. F. Coffin, Newton, Mass.
Scott F. Coffin, Marblehead, Ohio.
Dr. Mel T. Cook, Cuba.
Dr. M. C. Cooke, London, England.
L. Lenore Conover, Detroit, Mich.
N. H. Cowdry, Waterford, Ontario.
Esther L. Cox, Baltimore, Md.
Prof. Ulysses 0. Cox, Mankato, Minn.
A. M. Crane, B. A,, Cincinnati, O.
Mrs. M. A. Crane, Blowing Rock, N. C.
J. S. Cranston, No. Cambridge, Mass.
Walter R. Cupp, Knox, Idaho.
Prof. C. C. Curtis, Columbia Univers’y
Rey. W. Leon Dawson, Columbus, O.
Mary A. DeCamp, Columbus, 0.
Prof. J. V. Denny, O. S. U.
C. O. Dickas, Sidney, Ohio.
Albert M. Dodge, Topsfield, Mass.
B. O. Dodge, Algoma. Wisc.
Mary A. Donoghue, Dayton, O.
Geo. Francis Dow, Salem, Mass.
Elliot R. Downing, Marquette, Mich.
Prof. J. A. Drushel, Lebanon, Ohio.
Hattie Dun, Columbus, O.
Prof. E. P. Durrant, Westerville, O
Cora E. Dwinell, Chillicothe, O.
H. L. Farnam, Silver Lake As-
sembly, N. Y.

Ida Feiel, Columbus, 0.
Georgiana O. Fisher, Salem, Maas.
Harry Fitzpatrick, Crawfordsville, Ind.
Maud Flynn, Columbus, 0.
Florence G. Ford, Millbrook, Mass.

LIST — Continued.

H. BH. Foster, Esq., Seattle, Wash.
JEON Ee Hranker On Sale

Rudo L. Fromme, 0. S. U.

Caroline Fulgham, Goldsborough, N.C.
Prof. G. D. Gable, Fairfield, Iowa.

R. R. Gates, M. A., Middleton, N. S.
H. A. Gleason, 0. S. U.

Miss Alice M. Goacs, New York City.
Bruce Gobble, Fairfield, Lowa.
Charles Gramesley, Charleston, Ill.
John Grieve, Columbus, O.

Geo. Hall, Fostoria, Ohio.

C. J. Hamilton, 0. S. U.

Van Harness, Chillicothe, O.

Seth Harter, McConnelsville, O.

Mrs. Chas. G. Henderson, Columbus, O.
Miss Grace Henderson, Youngstown,0O.
Charles Herrick, Columbus, O.
S. A. Heyl, Columbus, O.

KE. J. Higgins, Columbus, O.
Helen J. Hinman, Columbus, O.

196 Ws Iebvasi O, Ss Wie

Bertha Hite, 0. S. U.

Otto Hodge, Ludlow, Ky.

Wm. Holden, Lloyd Libr. Cincin’ti, O.
C. &. Hondyshel, Lawrence, Kansas.

Prof. S. A. Hoover, Mo. State Normal
School.

T. F. Howard, Aberdeen, Ohio,

F. T. Hughes, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Jesse E. Hyde, O. S. U.

Ellen Hyde, Framingham, Mass

George R. Hyslop, 0. 5. U.

Alice M. Isaacs, Saranac Lake, N. Y.

Dr. T. L. Jenkins, Topsfield, Mass.

Janet R. Jones, Granville, O.

Mrs. Bb. C. Leavitt, Denver, Colo.

B. C. Masterman, New London, O.

E. E. Masterman, New London, QO.

F.S. Merrill, 0. S. U.

Clara M. Renner, Mankato, Minn,

Gerald Scott, MeConnelsville, 0,

Prof. Malcolm E. Stickney, Denison
University.

Emma S. Thomas, Schoharie, N. Y.

J. F. Waite, Cleveland. Ohio.

May Whiteman, Reading, Pa.

oT]

24 Dee. 1904

Mycological Bulletin No. 24

S
Qn

INDEX TO VOLUME II.—[Pp. 49-96]
SUBJECTS.

Acknowledgments, 50, etc.
Am-a-ni’-ta, 54, 57, 58.
A-man-i-top’-sis, 58, 91.
Announcement, 89.
Atkinson’s portrait, 53.
Blank for Descriptions, 77-9.
Blank, explanation, 81.
Cli-toc’-y-be il-lu-dens, 61.
Colored illustrations, 54,
Columbus bookseller, 61.
Comparison of Am-a-ni’-ta, A-man-i-
top’-sis and Lep-i-o’ta, 58.
Coral Fungi, 50.
Descriptions, Blank for, 77-9.
Economy in Nature, 6).
Explanation of Blank, 81.
Fawn-colored Plu~-te-us, 62.
Field study of Mushrooms, 78.
How to handle specimens, 58.
Hy-pho-lo’-ma, 19.

Hy-groph’-o-rus, the Ivory, 74.
Ivory Hy-groph’-o-rus, 74.
Jack-my-Lantern, 61,
Journal of Mycology, 50.
Lep-i-o’-ta, 58.

Lep-i-o’-ta nau-ci’-na, 66.
Letter from Prof. Peck, 49.
Members, list, 56, ete.
My-ce'-na, the Genus, 70.
Notes by the Editor, 49, etc.
Phalloids or Stinkhorns, 70.
Plu’-te-us cer-vi’-na, 62.
Photographs solicited, 93.
Publishers, 44.

Ravenel’s Phalloid, 70, 74.
Rosy-spored Agarics, 62.
Smooth Lep-i-o’-ta, 66.
Spore-color in Agarics, 62.
Stinkhorns, or Phalloids, 70.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Am-a-ni’-ta mus-ca’-ri-a, 53, 55.
Am-a-ni’-ta phal-loi’-des, 56.
Am-a-ni’-ta ru-bes’-cens, 84.
A-man-i-top'-3is vag-i-na’-ta, 89.
American Lep-i-o'-ta, 60.
Bird’s-nest Fungus, 61.

Brown Pe-zi’-za, 66.

Cla-va’-ri-a pyx-i-da’-ta, 49.
Cli-toe’-y-be il-lu’-dens, 59, 63.

Cli-toc’-y-be in-fun-dib-u-li-for'-mis, 77

Cli-toc'-y-be mon-a-del'-phus, 65.
Clustered Cli-toc!'-y-be, 65.
Co-pri-nus at-ra-men-ta-ri-us, 52.
Coral Fun-gus, 49.

Deadly Ag-a-ric, 56.
Dic-ty-oph'-o-ra ra-va-nel-i-i, 71.
Di-dym!'-i-um squa-mu-lo'-sum, 87.
Fawn-colored Plu!-te-us, 64.
Funnel Cli-toec'-y-be, 77.

Fly Ag!-a-ric, 53, 55.

Gray-bill Hy-pho-lo'-ma, 92.

Grooved Hel-vel!-la, 85.

Hel-vel’-la, la-cu-no!-sa, 85.

Hy-groh'-o-rus e-bur!-ne-us, 75.

Hy-pho-lo'-ma cap-noi!-des, 92.

Hy-pho-lo'-ma lac-ry-ma-bun'-dum,
a7.

Ink-cap, 42.

Ith-y-phal'-lus im-pu'-di-cus, 83.

Ivory Hy-groph!-o-bus, 75.

Jack-my-Lantern, 59, 63.

Lea’s My-ce!-na, 69.

Lep-i-o'-ta a-mer-i-ca'-na, 60.

Lep-i-o'-ta nau-ci'-na, 67, 80, 82.

Lep-i-o'-ta pro'-ce-ra, 68.

Ma-ras'-mi-us can'-di-dus, 88.

Ma-ras’-mi-us ro!-tu-la, 73.

My-ce'-na lea-i-a'-na, 69.

My-ce'-na stan'-ne-a, 72.

Narrow Pa'-nus, 76.

96 Mycological Bulletin No. 24 ( Fot. Ti

ILLUSTRATIONS.—Continued.

Pa'_nus an-gus-ta!-tus, 76. Sheathed A-man-i-top'-sis, 89.
Parasol Mushroom, 68. Slime Mould, 87.

Pe-zi'-za ba'-di-a, 66. Smooth Lep-i-o'-ta, 80, 82, 67.
Plu!-te-us cer-vi'-nus, 64. Stannate My-ce'-na, 72.
Portrait of Atkinson, 454. Stinkhorn, 83.

Portrait of Ellis, frontispiece. Tre—mel'-la al'—bi-da, 81.
Psath-y-rel'-la dis-sem-i-na-ta, 51. White Ma-ras'—mi-us, 88.
Ravenel’s Phal'—loid, 71. White Tre-mel'-la, 81.

Reddish Am-—a-ni'—ta, 84.

Hb 8 98 08

Unless otherwise stated in connection with the figures, the photographs
were made in the Botanical Department of the Ohio State University. The
Assistants helped in part of this work.

The MycoLoGicaL BULLETIN will be issued in 1905 as a Semi-monthly—
total 24 Numbers. The price, 25 cents.

Volume II (12 Numbers unbound) can be supplied to a few persons for
50 cents; cloth-bound copies of this Volume, 75 cents.

Volume I is exhausted, except a very few cloth—bound copies which may

be had for 75 cents.

eh

Mycological Bulletin

(Nos. 25 to 48)

ce ea

Volume III
1905

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D.

Ohio State University
ok

Entered as Second Class Matter, Postoffice, Columbus, Ohio.

University Bulletin, Botanical Series No. 37

EMINENT PIONEER MycoLocist oF LONDON,

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN
No. 25

IV. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University.

Columbus, Ohio, January 1, 1905

THe New Departure.—Beginning with the issue of this number, the
MycoLocicaAL BULLETIN will be made a Semi-monthly publication. It has
heen sent out heretofore as an experiment, so to speak—at least it was
not certain that approximately a thousand persons would care to pay for
suci a periodical. here are not, to be sure, 1,000 names yet on the mail-
ing list, but if all who desire such a leaflet as this, knew of its regular
issuance, price, and editor’s address, it can safely be presumed that there
would be an ample number of subscribers. Many persons have, to my
knowledge, kindly called attention to the BULLETIN, and to these as well
as other unknown friends, hearty thanks are extended.

Fic. $1. Pst-10c’-y-kE AM-MOPH’-I-LUsS. An interesting little Toadstool found dur-
ing the middle and latter part of the summer on Cedar Point beach at Sandusky, Ohio.
The plants grow only on the old stems of the Beach Grass (Ammophila arenaria).
The plants are brownish or dark buff color and of size indicated in the illustration.
There were immense quantities of the mushrooms and a test was made of the cooking
qualities. It was edible, but found to be rather insipid. The half-tone was made
from photographs of specimens first collected in the locality named above by Student
Chas. E. Brown.

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 3. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, Ohio.

OS Mycological Rulletin No. 25. [Vol. HII

MY COEOGIGAT, GLOSSARY:

Abbreviations: nov. gen. (or n. g.), new genus; n. sp.. new species; the
Greek letter mu, micron or one-thousandth of a millimeter; 2-5x6
-9” means 2 to 5 by 6 to 9 “lines” or twelfths of an inch.

Aber'rant: departing somewhat from the usual form or type.

Abstriction: separation by constriction near the end as in conidia.

Acer'vuli: tufts of hyphae bearing spores.

Acetab'uliform: shape of a shallow bowl.

Acic'ular: needle-shaped, like pine leaves.

Acrog’enous: produced at the top.

Acrop'ctal: developing from base toward apex.

Acuwleate: with slender point.

Acuminaie: having a long-drawn-out point.

Adnate: growing fast to; the gills attached to the stem as in the Fig.

Adnexed: said of gills when attached slightly or by the upper angle only.

Aecid'ial spores: those produced in the Aecidium.

Aecid'ium: the first fruiting stage of the Rusts, as the Violet Aecidium, etc.

Aecthal'lium: fruiting plasmodium-like mass covered with a cortex in case
of some of the Slime-moulds.

Agaric: a gill-bearing mushroom.

Agar'icoid: like an Agaric, or mushroom-like.

Allan'toid: narrowly-oblong or sausage shaped.

Alha'ceous: with odor of onions.

Alluta’cecus: of pale brown color, like leather.

Amor’ phous: without definite form.

Amphig'cnous: produced on both sides or all around.

Amyla’ceous: starchy, like or containing starch.

Am'ylum: starch.

Analogy: resemblance in function and perhaps in external form, but
fundamentally different in structure or origin, see morphology.

Anas'tomose: to run together irregularly or netlike.

An'nulus: the ring on the stem, see mushroom for illustration.

Anterior: said of the end of the lamella next to the margin.

Apic'ulate: having a short, abrupt point.

Apiculus: a short abrupt point.

Apothe’cium: used in connection with the Ascomycetes where the frue-
tification is more or less cup-shaped and having the hymenium
(fruiting surface) on its concave surface; ascoma.

Ippendic'ulate: with an appendage, or hanging in small fragments.

Ap'planate: flattened out or horizontally expanded.

Appressed: applied closely to the surface or to each other.

Approximate: said of gills which do not quite reach the stem.

lqueous’ may be watery, or merely lacking color, that is, hyaline,

Arach'noid: like a cobweb, as is the veil in some mushrooms.

Are'olate: divided into littie patches or areas.

Argilla'ceous: resembling clay.

Ascending: said of lamellae in a conical pileus; said of the partial veil
in its young stage when its marginal attachment is below its stem
attachment.

Ascig’erous: bearing asc.

As‘cocarp: the spore cap or fructification in Ascomycetes.

Asco'ma: the apethecium or fruiting body in Lichens, Pezizae, etc.

Ascomyce'tes: the group of fungi whose spores are borne in asci.

As'cospores: the spores horne in an ascus.

As'cus (pl. as’ci): a cell in which spores are borne.

As'tomous: without an aperture or mouth.

Atten'uate: gradually narrowed.

Aurantia'ceous: orange colored.

Aureus: golden; vellow with a tinge of red.

[To BE CONTINUED. |

1 Jan., 1905.] Mycological Bulletin No. 25 99

THE PurposE?—Yes, it is a Leaflet for beginners and amateurs; it
contains much in the way of pictures and little in the way of reading
matter. The long hard names are divided into syllables with accent indi-
cated. It is hoped that the explanations in connection with the illustra-
tions will be found full enough for the ordinary mycophagist or mycologist.
Other paragraphs containing erratic remarks, timely suggestions, and
occasional matter with scietitiie tinge, may be pardoned—at least endured.

SuBSCRIPTION.—It seems best to call attention to the present plan,
according with universal custom, that when a name is placed on the mail-
ing list the party is a regular subscriber and will be expected to pay the
subscription price until the subscription is ordered stopped. This will
leave my estimable subsrcibers only this one little thing to remember,
namely, to send a quarter (25 cents) on the first day of January each
year. Occasional reminder, if perchance necessary, will of coures give
no offence to either party involved.

GLossAry OF TECHNICAL TERMS.— After some hesitation it has been’
decided to devote one page in a half dozen or more consecutive numbers
to a brief illucidation of the technical terms generally employed in the
hooks to describe Mushrooms and other common fungi. This will not be
entertaining reading matter, I dare say, but certainly such a little dic-
tionary will prove useful on many occasions. A few of the terms are
very uncommon or used in a very peculiar sense—and doubtless all ama-
teurs as well as beginners will find reference to the second page of the
several BuLLETINS for the winter and spring not an unprofitable, even if
not the most agreeable employment.

Fic. §2. Bo-rry-spo’-r1-uM puL’-curuM. ‘This is a beautiful fungus belonging
to the large group of Hy-pho-my-ce’-tes, all of which bear co-nid’-i-a on simple or
branching hyphae above the surface or matrix on which they grow. They have no
perithecia or pycnidia. Some of the forms are extremely ornamental, and all often
are supposed to be stages of other fungi; for this reason these forms are called “‘im-
perfect fungi.” In only a few cases, however, have they been identified by experi-
ment as being connected with higher fungi. The plant here figured was found on
dead stems in the green house, from which the illustrations were drawn by J. G. San-
ders. This species has been described no less than nine times and given nine differ-
ent names (the writer apologizes for the last mistake in this connection), but the name
here used is that first given by Corda in 183! Many botanists here as well as
abroad have detected this fungus.

100 Mycological Bulletin No. 25 [Vol. I

Fic. 83. StTRo-BI-°OM’-Y-CES STRO-BI-LA’-cE-us. A tube bearing mushroom, belong-
ing to the family Bo-/le-ta’-ce-ae. Its peculiar appearance renders it easy of recog-
nition. The half-tone was made from photograph of specimens collected in sandy soil
of woods at Cedar Point, Sandusky, Ohio, August, 1904. McIlvaine says: “‘With many
this Boletus is a prime favorite. It has a strong woody taste, sometimes musky, some-
times faintly of anisette. It cooks well by any method.

Ar a Distance.—The editor will have arrived at Guatemala (Central
America), before this number of the Burtetin reaches the subscribers.
At a long distance therefore the next half dozen or more BULLETINS will
be edited. In spite of care on the part of my faithful assistant, Miss Clara
G. Mark, some mistakes may occur in the matter of distribution, correc-
tion of addresses, financial records, ete. <A rich botanical field is to be
visited; perhaps there may later some account be given of an interesting
Mushroom or two way off from home, where it is summer all winter—
and therefore, dear reader, I crave your indulgence, and run to catch
the boat. 7

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of eich Moath. Price 25c. Copies of Vol. Il
(1904 may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies remain of Vol. I (1903
except a few cloth bound for which 75 cents is charged.

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN
No. 26

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, January 15, 1905

THE GENUS STrRo-BI-Lom’-y-ces.—In the family Po-ly-po-ra'-ce-ae to
which this belongs, pores instead of gills from the lower side of the cap
and constitute the /y-me -1i-um. or spore-bearing layer. The common
genera are: (1) Fis-(u-li-na, which has the pores close together but free
from each other—all the others have the pores joined side by side; (2)
Po-ly -po-rus, firm, often corky or woody; (3) mer-u -li-us, with tubes or
pores shallow, formed by a network of folds or wrinkles, plants somewhat
gelatinous; (4) Bo-le -tus, not woody or corky, the mass of tubes easily
separable from the cap when pulled off; (5) Stro-bi-lom-y-ces, the
stratum of tubes not so easily separating, and cap with coarse prominent
scales. Both the generic and specific name of the common species refer
to its slight resemblance to a pine-cone. This character readily separates
it from a Boletus. The flesh is whitish, but changes to reddish and later
to black when wounded or cut.

Fic. S4. Crep-1-po’-tus ver-su’-rus. An ochre-spored, white-capped little Mush-
room net uncommon on stumps and logs. It may grow on the under side of logs and
he resupinate; the cap is shelving when attached to sides of logs and stumps. ‘The
plants are shown natural size and on thcir usual substratum-—an old log. The half-
tone was made from a photograph of specimens collected at Sandusky, Ohio.

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 4. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus. Ohio

102 Mycological Bulletin No. 206. [Vol. III

MYCOLOGICAL GLOSSARY.

Auric'ulate: ear shaped.

Auton’omous: said of plants that are complete in themselves and not a
part only of the life cycle.

Bad'ious: bay, chestnut color, or reddish brown.

Basidiomce'tes: the group of fungi that have spores borne on a basidium.

Basid’iospore: spores borne on a basidium.

Basid’ium (pl. basidia): an enlarged cell on which are borne spores.

Basip'etal: proceeding toward the base.

Bay: a rich dark reddish chestnut.

Biloc'ular: having two cavities.

Biog'enous: growing on living plants or animals.

Booted: said of a mushroom stem when encased in a sheath.

Boss: an umbo, or short rounded protuberance.

Byssa'ceous or byssoid: of fine filaments or byssus.

Bys'sus: a fine filamentous mass.

Caes'pitose: growing in tufts or clumps.

Campan'iulate: bell shaped.

Can'cellate: latticed.

Canes'cent: having whitish or hoary pubescence.

Cap: pileus of mushrooms.

Capilli’tium: capillary threads mixed with the spores in case of some
species.

Carbona'ceous: rigid, black and brittle.

Car'inate: with a keel or longitudinal line.

Car'neous: flesh color.

Car'nose: flesh color.

Castan'eus: chestnut color.

Cau'date: having a slender or tail-like appendage.

Caulic'olous: growing on herbaceous or woody stems.

Cell: the minute living mass of protoplasm which is the unit of structure
in organisms. The vegetable cell has a cell-wall in case of mush-
rooms and common plants.

Cel'lular: composed of cells.

Cel'lulose: the chemical substance (a carbohydrate) of which the vege-
table cell-wall is composed.

Cera’ceous: like wax.

Cere'briform: brain-shaped.

Ces'pitose: growing in tufts or clumps.

Chartaceous: like paper.

Chlam'ydospores: resting spores in rows formed by the breaking up of a
hypha into bead-like cells.

Cilia (plural of citium): marginal hairs or hair-like projections.

Ciliate: with cilia.

Cine’reous: light bluish-gray, or ash-gray.

Circumscis'sile: breaking at or near the middle on equatorial line.

Clath'rate: latticed.

Cla’'vate or Claziform: club-shaped, thickened toward top.

Cluster-cubs: the first stage (Aecidium) of the Rusts.

Col'loid: like glue or jelly, not crystalline.

Colwmel'la: a stalk extended into or through a spore case.

Comate, comose, comous: with a tuft of silky hairs, or hairy.

Com'planate: flattened to a level surface above and below.

Concat'enate: linked together in a chain.

Concep'tacle: a closed spore-receptacle.

Concol'orous: of a uniform color.

Concres cent: growing together,

Concrete: grown together. y

Confer'void: loose and filamentous, like the alga Conferva.

[TO BE CONTINUED. |

15 Jan., 1905.] Mycological Bulletin No. 26. 103

BiG. 85. SpHAE-RO-SO’-MA E-CHIN-U-LA’tTUM. (See next page for explanation.)

104 Mycological Bulletin No. 26. [Vol. III

EXPLANATION OF Fic. 85.

Itc. 85. SPHAE-RO-SO’-MA E-CHIN-U-LA’-TUM. ‘The illustrations show the fungus
in its several stages of development and its microscopic structure. Four plants are
shown at Fig. A, natural size—the smallest being in an early stage of development,
the largest fully matured. Fig. B shows a small portion cut vertically from the hyme’-
nium, or layer of as‘ci, and paraph’yses, slightly magnified. Fig. C illustrates stages
in spore-formation in the as’cus. Fig. D represents a ripe as’cus containing the mature
spores, accompanied by a paraph’ysis; magnified 600 diameters. Fig. E shows a ripe
spore with its prominent spines, magnified 1200 diameters. I*ig. F is a portion of the
myce’lium from the soil; magnified 1000 diameters. These figures were drawn by Mr.
Fred. Jay Seaver from plants collected on damp soil between the tufts of grass in an
open place in the margin of woods near Iowa City, lowa, June to October. The plant
is a species not heretofore known to botanists. Mr. Seaver is he auhor of the name
and description. An extended article on this plant is found in the January number of
the Journal of Mycology. E

Edible

The Honey-colored Ai-mil-la’-ri-a.

MEL’-LE-A.
E. Hard, Chillicothe, Ohio.

AR-MEL-LA’-RI-A

Phcto by M.

86.

Fic.

A. white-spored Agaric, the commonest of this genus, occurring late in summer and

autumn.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the 1st and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Vol. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol. I (1903) except a few cloth bound for which 75 cents is charged.

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN
No. 27

IW. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, February 1, 1905

WHAT Makes THE FaAiry-RING?-—Several mushrooms are arranged in
circles, the so-called Fairy-ring. Explaining this matter in connection with
the account of the common Fairy-ring Mushroom, Ma-ras’-mi-us o-re'-a-des
Professor Atkinson says: “Having started at a given spot the mycelium
consumes the food material in the soil suitable for it, and the plants for
the first year appear in a group. In the center of this spot the mycelium,
having consumed all the available food, probably dies after producing the
crop of mushrooms. But around the edge of the spot the mycelium or
spawn still exists, and at the beginning of the next season it starts into
growth and feeds on the available food in a zone surrounding the spot
where it grew the pfevious year. This second year, then, the plants
uppear in a small ring. So in succeeding years it advances outward, the
ring each year becoming larger. Where the plants appear only in the arc
of a circle, something has happened to check or destroy the mycelium in
the remaining arc of the circle.

It has been noted by several observers that the grass in the ring
occupied by the mushrooms is often greener than that adjoining. This is
perhaps due to some stimulus exerted by the mycelium which may in some
way make certain foods available tor the grass which gives additional
supply to it at this point.”

_ Fie. $7. Ur’-nu-La cra-TE’-RI-uM. Back Pe-zi'-za. A very common and _ con-
spicuous 4s-co-my-ce’-tous or Cup-fungus, growing in clusters on rotten limbs and
logs that lie in moist places. The hiy-me’-ni-wim or spore-bearing surface is the interior

wall of the cup. The spores are at maturity shot out of the as’-ci, and can be seen
sometimes by gently jarring the fungus when it is re: ady to make a discharge, as a
little cloud an inch or two above the cup. The illustration was made from a_photo-
graph sent by T. FE. Savage, Des Moines, Iowa.

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 5. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post- Sone at Columbus. s. Ohio

106 Mycological Bulletin No. 27. [Vol. 111

Conid'ia: plural of condium.

Cond'ial; pertaining to conidia.

Comdufcrous: bearing conidia.

Conid'iophore: a hypha bearing conidia.

Conid’ium: a spore (non-sexual) arising singly or in chains from the ends
of a hypha or hyphal branches.

Con'text: texture, substance.

Continuous: non-septate, applied to hyphae or spores that have no septa.

Coria’ceous: of a leathery texture.

Cor'neous: of a horny texture.

Cor'tex: outer, rind-like layer.

Cor'ticular: pertaining 10 or with a cortex

Corti'na: the web-like veil of the genus Cortinarius.

Cor'tinate: with a cortina.

Cos'tate: with a ridge or ridges.

Crate'riform: saucer-shaped, basin or crater-shaped.

Cre'nate: notched, indented or scalloped at the edge.

Creta’ceous: chalky or the color of chalk.

Crib’rate: sieve-like, or with small holes.

Cri‘nite: with a tuft of long weak hairs.

Cris’tate: crested.

Crusta’ceous: of hard and brittle texture.

Cryp'togam: an old name for the “lower plants” or all those not included
in the spermatophytes or flowering plants.

Cu'neate: wedge-shaped.

Cus’ pidate: with a cusp or sharp point.

Cu'licle: distinct skin-like layer or epidermis.

Cyath'iform: cup-shaped, slightly widened at top.

Cym'biform: boat-shaped.

Cyst: a bladder-like cell or cavity.

Cystid'ium (pl. cystidia): sterile cells of the hymenium, usually bladder-
like, and different from the basidza.

Decur'rent: said of gills that are prolonged down the stem.

Deliques cent: melting down, becoming liquid at maturity.

Den'droid: shaped like a tree.

Den'tate: toothed.

Dentic'ulate: with small teeth.

Descending: applied to the veil in a young stage when its marginal attach-
ment is below its stem attachment.

Diagno'’sis: a technical description.

Diaph'anous: transparent or permitting passage of light.

Dichot'omous: regularly forked into two.

Dic'tyoid: the same as muriform.

Did'ymous: of two equal parts.

Dif'huent: dissolving into a fluid, as of the gills.

Dif'form: not uniform.

Dimid'iate: halved. as a semi-circular sessile pileus attached to the plane
edge; or a perithecium with the lower half wanting.

Dimorplic: existing in two forms.

Dise (disk): the hymenial surface, usually cup-shaped, of the Discomy-
celes.

Discomyce'tes: the Ascomycetes with hymenium exposed.

Dis'crete: distinet, not united.

Divar'icate: diverging widely.

Eben'eous: ebony black.

Ebur'neous: ivory white.

Eccentric: excentric, as stem not attached at center of pilen>

Ech'inate: with stiff bristles.

Eechin'ulate: with minute processes. :

Effused: spread over and without regular form.

[ro BE CONTINUED. |

1 Feb., 1905. ] Mycelogical Bulletin No. 27. 107

Vic. 88. PER-0-NOS’-PO-RA FLOER-KE’-AE. Leaf Mildew of false Mermaid.

(See next page for explanation.)

108 Mycological Bulletin No. 27. [Vol. III

EXPLANATION oF Fic. 88.

Fic. 88. PErR-0-NOS’-PO-RA FLOER-KE’-AE. Leaf Mildew of False Mermaid. This is
is a parasitic fungus that attacks the little wild plants of the woods and shady places,
called the False Mermaid. The Mildew is usually abundant on the lowest leaves and
often covers the entire plant, stunting the growth of the host very much. Without a
lens even the parasite can be seen when abundant, forming a powdery or white fuzzy
covering over the epidermis. ‘This consists of little branched hy’phae as shown in
Figures 2, 3 and 4 on the opposite page (Fig. 88). These tree-like co-nid’-i-o-phores,
as they are called, bear the spores, i. e., co-nid -t-a; one co-nid’-i-um is still attached
in Figure 2. Four co-nid’-i-a, mature, are shown in Figure 5. Besides these spores—
suminer spores they are—there are others (as shown in igure 6) that have thickened
walls and can endure the winter. They germinate in the spring—the parasite is an
annual plant. Those winter spores are formed within the tissues of the leaves and
stems of the host. A plant much dwarfed by the attack of the parasite is shown also
(Figure 1). This fungus is somewhat similar to the Powdery Mildew, or Grape Rot,
that inflicts great damage on vine-yards. A full account of his new species, with
technical description was given in the Journal of Mycology, July, 1904.

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The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Vol. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol. I (1903) except a few cloth bound for which 75 cents is charged.

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN
No. 28

WW. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohie, February 15, 1905

THE GENUS Ps1-Loc’-y-pr.—This is a small group. of the brown-spored
Agarics, and the name from two Greek words, means naked head. Some
authors accent the third syllable, thus, Pst-lo-cy’-be. In structure this is
much like Col-lyb’-i-a (white-spored), Lep-to’-ni-a (rosy-spored), and
Nau-co'-ri-a (ochre-spored), but its brown spores separate it from those
genera. It has no veil, the stipe is tenaceous and ‘continuous’ with the
pileus, the margin of the pileus is at first mcurved, and the gills are not
decurrent; these characters separate it from its near relatives in the
eroup of brown-spored Agarics. Atkinson’s Mushrooms Edible and
Poisonous gives no species; Mcllvaine’s One Thousand American Fungi
notes two species. Fig. 81 in this BULLETIN is not very common.

Pic. 90. Mer-u’-Li-us RU-BEL’-LuS. ReEDt_sH Mer-u’-LI-us. Not inedible, but
tough. This species grows on rotten trunks, stumps, ete. It is more or less
<espitose, imbricate and sessile, and of a soft and tenaceous texture. It is strongly
tinged with red, but becomes pole when dry. The beautifui red-orange specimens from
which the cut was made, were collected by Professor J. H. Schaffner and H. H. York,
in a woods near Columbus, in October, 1904.

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 6 Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, Ohio

110 Mycological Bulletin No. 28. [Vol. III

MYCOLOGICAL GLOSSARY.

Egg: applied to the young mushroom before the volva has ruptured in
Phalloids, Amanitas, ete.

Egut'tulate: without guttae or guttulae.

Emar'ginate: with a notch; gills may be emarginate or with a sinus or
notch near the stem.

Endoperid’'ium: an inner layer of the peridium.

En'dospore: the inner coat or wall of a spore.

Entomog’enous* growing from insects.

Fpider'mis: a distinet outer layer.

Epig’enous: growing on the surface of a plant.

Epigae'us: growing on the ground.

Epiphyl'lus: growing on the upper side of the leaf.

Ep'ispore: the inner coat or wall of a spore.

Epithe’cium: the layer sometimes formed on a hymenium by the union
of the tips of paraphyses above the asci.

Epix'ylous: growing on wood.

Erum'pent: breaking through the epidermis or through the surface of
the matrix.

Excen'tric: out of the center; as stem not attached to center of pileus.

Excip'ulum: outer layer of an Apothecium.

Exoperid’ium: outer layer of the peridium.

Ex'ospore: the outer coat or wall of a spore.

Ex'planate: flattened, expanded.

Exser'ted: projecting; standing out.

Exsicca'ti: dried specimens; sets of specimens.

Facultative-parasite: a fungus normally saprophytic but which may live
for a time or a part of its life cycle as a parasite.

Facultative-saprophyte: a fungus normally parasitic but which may live
for a time or a part of its life cycle as a saprophyte.

Fal'cate; hooked or curved like a scythe.

Farima'ceous: mealy.

Far'inose: covered with a white mealy powder.

Ferru'ginous: rust-red.

Filiform: thread-hke.

Fim'briate: fringed.

Fis'tulose: with stem hollow, or becoming hollow.

Flab’ellate: fan-shaped.

Flabel'liform: fan-shaped.

Flac’cid: soft and flabby.

Flaves'cent: turning yellow or yellowish.

Floc'cose: woolly, with woolly locks or flocci.

Floc'culose: minutely fuceose

Fo'veate: with pits on depressions.

Fove'olate: with small pits.

Free: said of gills not attached to the stem.

Fri'able: easily crumbling.

Fuga'ceous: falling or fading early, disappearing.

Fuligin'cous, fulig’inous: sooty-brown or dark smoke color.

Ful'vous: tawny, yellowish-brown tint.

Fun'gus (pl. fungi): mushrooms and other “low” plants that are of simple
structure, destitute of chlorophyll and consequently must live as para-
sites or saprophytes.

Furfura'ceous: with brown scales.

Fus'cous: dingy, brownish, or brown tinged with gray.

Fu'siform: spindle-shaped

Fusoid: \ike a spindle: fusiform.

Gasteromyce'tes: those Basidiomycetes in which the hymenium is enclosed
in a sack-like envelope, as the Puffballs,

[To BE CONTINUED. |

%
2

15 Feb., 1905.] Mycological Bulletin No. 111

ter

hag crheim

ene

sal GEA. det. Mat, Dangeard

Fic. 91. Three species of Har-po-cHyt’-RI-UM.

This plate represents the structure, habit and life-history of a very interesting
genus of fungi parasitic on l/gae, a full account of which was published recently by
Professcr Atkinson in a German periodical. The plate with notes was reproduced in
the Journal of Mycology, whence we transcribe the main portion of the explanation
of the plate.

Har-po-CHYT’-RI-UM HEDENII, Willie.
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Young stage of plant on Spirogyra and Zygnema, developed in cell
culture. Fig. 6, Mature plant.

112 Mycological Bulletin No. 28. [Vol ae

Fig. 7, Old plant with two empty sporangia and young tertiary sporangium growing
3 out in the old secondary one.

Figs. 8, 9, Plants half grown showing large and long vacuoles separated by granular
protoplasm. Both of these plants became freed from their attachment to the
host, the one illustrated in Fig. 8 was attached at two points, one point directly
at the base, the other upon the side a short distance from the end. The plant in
Fig. 9 was attached at one point on the side, a little distance from the end.
Here the short, slender stalk and the disk-like expansion is shown.

Fig. 10, Plant coiled in the form of a serpent on the side of the Spirogyra thread.

Fig. 11, Old. plant with empty sporangium and young secondary sporangium develop-
ing within.

Fig. 12, Mature plant, zoospores escaping, sterile, basal part limited by thin wall whiich
is arched outward slightly because of the endosmotic pressure in the protoplast,
and the removal of the pressure within the primary sporangium.

Fig. 13. One individual of Har-po-cliyt’ri-um attacked by another, the parasitic one one-
half the size and age of the host individual.

Fig. 14, Later stage, showing degeneration of the host individual and the increased
size of the parasitic individual.

Fig. 15, Mature individual attached at the side a short distance from the base.

Fig. 16, Mature individual attached at the end at a point between two adjacent
Spirogyra cells.

Fig. 17, Same plant with zoospores escaping. This plant was kept in cell culture and
the secondary sporangium from the sterile basal part began to grow before the
developed zoospores escaped, and was forced out slightly at one side. The apex
of individuals in Figs. 15, 16, show the peculiar condition shortly before forma-
tion of zoospores. In Fig. 17, amoeboid movement of some zoospores shown in
the sporangium and also escaping.

Fig. 18, The zoospore after escaping, still showing amoeboid movement.

Fig. 19, Five individuals showing stages in attachment and elongation of zoospores.
Figs. 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, show the disk-like holdfast and absorbent disk between
the outer and inner lamellae of cell wall.

Figs. 1-19 from specimens collected at Ithaca, N. Y. Fig. 24, after Dangeard.

HAR-PO-CHY?’-RI-UM HYALOTHECAE, Lagerheim. :

Fig. 20, Showing two young individuals attached to cell of host (Hyaletheca dis-
siliens), one of the zoospores still within the slime and just having developed
the slender stalk; the other individual. the zoospore having elongated and the
outer end projecting beyond the slime sheath.

Fig. 21, Mature individual attacked by a filamentcus bacterium.

Figs. 20, 21, from specimens collected at Ithaca, N. Y. Fig. 25, after Gobi. Tig.
26, after Lagerheim.

Har-P0-CHYT -R1-UM INTERMEDIUM, Atkinson.

Fig. 22, Half grown individual attached to Conferva utriculosa, showing disk-like

haustorium between outer and inner lamellae of cell wall.

Fig. 23, Mature individual with empty primary sporangium, and young secondary
sporangium developing. Figs 22, 23, from material collected at Ithaca, N.

THE GENUS CA-Los’-TO-MA.—This is a small group of Gas-tro-my-ce’-
tous fungi having some affinity with the common Puffballs. A very good
account is given of the American species by Mr. C. E. Burnap, in the
Botanical Gazette, of March, 1887, Vol. 23, p. 180-192, with plate. His
study was based mainly on the commonest species. He says: “The fact
that this fungus passes its early stages just below the surface of the ground
and is usually protruded only after the elements of the gleba, or spore
bearing portion have disappeared by absorption, renders it diffeult to
procure in a young condition. At maturity Colostoma cinnabarinum, which
is the most common American species and may serve as a type for the
whole genus, presents the appearance of an ochraceous globose body open-
ing above by a stellate mouth guarded by tooth-like valves, and extending
below into a footstalk composed of anastomosing strands. The gleba lies
at the center of the globose body, and is surrounded in its younger staves
by four layers: (1) the volva, an outer gelatinous layer which soon dis-
appears; (2) the exoperidium, a layer just within the volva, also break-
ing away at an early stage; (3) the endoperidium, which is the external
layer in older specimens; and (4) the spore sac containing the oleba.”
There are four American species, namely, Ca-los’-to-ma cin-na-ba-rv'-num,
Ca-los'-to-ma_ lu-tes'-cens, Ca-los’-to-ma_ ra-ve-nel’-li.. and ca-los’-to-ma
mi-cro-spo'-rum. The name Ca-los’-to-ma, formed of two Greek words.
means beautiful mouth. Some authors use the name M-trem'-y-ces instead

hut this is not the original name and hence not tenable.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of-each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Vol. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol. I (1903) except a few cloth bound for which 75 cents is charged,

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN
No. 29

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, March 1, 1905

THE GENUS CreEp-I-po’-Tus.—About a dozen American species belong
to this genus which is described as follows by Atkinson: “In Crepidotus
the pileus is lateral, or eccentric, and thus more or less shelving, or it is
resupinate, that is, lying flat or nearly so on the wood. The species are
usually of small size, thin, soft and fleshy. The spores are reddish brown
(ferruginous). The genus corresponds to Pleurotus among the white-
spored agarics, or to Claudopus among the rosy-spored ones.” Fig. 84
shows a very common species on logs and stumps in shady woods.

ic. 92. AR-MIL-LA’-RI-A M&L’-LE-A. Photo by Frank H. Cloyes, Waltham, Mass.
Same species as lig. 86.

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 7. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, Ohio

114 Mycological Bulletin No. 20. [ Vol. III

MYCOLOGICAL GLOSSARY:

Genus: a group of closely related species.

Gib'bous: swollen at one point.

Gills: the lamellae or plates in an Agaric on which the basidiospores are
borne.

Glab'rous: smooth, devoid of pubescence or hairiness.

Glau’cous: with a whitish waxy bloom.

Gle'ba: in Gasteromycetes the spore-bearing cavernous tissue, as the Puff-
balls and Phalloids.

Gonid’ium: same as Conidium, but formerly used only for the green bodies
(algae) in the tissue of Lichens.

Grega’rious: said of Mushrooms not solitary, but many in a locality grow-
ing together, yet not caespitose.

Gul'ta (pl. guttae): drops or included oil-globules.

Gut'tate: with tear-like drops or guttae.

Gut'tula (pl. guttulae): small drops or minute included oil-globules.

Gut’ tulate: with guttulae.

Gymnocar' pous: with exposed hymenium at maturity.

uyrate, gyrose: wavy folds or like the brain convolutions.

Hab'itat> the natural place of growth of a plant.

Hausto'rium (pl. haustoria): a special branch of a hypha or projection
that acts as a sucker and holdfast for a parasitic fungus.

Hei'croecism: iiving on more than one host during the life-cycle; for
example one Wheat Rust has its first stage on Barberry leaves.

Hir'sute: with stiff hairs.

HTost: the plant or animal on which a parasitic fungus grows.

Homologous: said of parts having fundamental likeness in structure or
of corresponding origin; analogy refers to similarity merely in
function; homology takes into account only structure and crigin.

Hyaline> transparent, clear like glass.

Hygremet'ric: readily absorbing water.

Hygroph'anous: watery appeararce when moist, but opaque when dry.

Hysroscop'ic: absorbing moisture from the air.

Hyme'nium: the fruit-bearing (spore-bearing) surface.

Hymenomyce'tes: those Basidiomycetous fungi which have the hymenium
exposed.

Hy menophore: the portion which bears the hymenium.

Hy'pha (pl. hyphae): one of the elongated cells or filaments of which the
fungus is composed.

Hyphal: pertaining to a hypha.

Hyphomycet'es: the “imperfect fungi” whose conidia are borne on super-
ficial often floccose hyphae, pyenidia absent.

Hypocrate’riform: of the form of a cylindrical cup with outwardly turned
margin; salver-form.

Hypogac'ous: below the surface of the ground.

Hypog'cnous: growing on the under side.

Hypophyl'lous: growing on the under side of a leaf.

Hypothal'lus: a membranous or fleshy base to perithecia or sporangia

Hypothe cium: the hyphal layer beneath the hymenium.

Hyste'rivid: elongate boat-shaped, like one of the group of Hysteriaceae.

Im'bricate: overlapping like shingles.

Imperfect fungi: those fruiting stages of fungi which precede the form
that represents the final stage in the life-cycle of the species.

Incar'nate: flesh-colored.

Indehis'cent: not opening at maturity as an indehiscent peridium.

Indu’sium: in Phalloids it is the veil beneath the pileus.

Inferior: as the ring of an Agaric far down on the stem.

Infundib'uliform: funnel-shaped.

Innate: within or blending with the substance of a part.

[T0 BE CONTINUED. |

t March, 1905.] Mycological Bulletin No. 29. 115

Fic. 93. Ruy-tT1s’-MA coN-cAV’-uM. A parasitic fungus on I/ex verticillata (Win-

ter-berry). At L. is-shown the leaf with the ripe fungus natural size; a section,
slightly magnified, at S¢. The other figures show the microscopic structure.

WAK,

116 Mycological Bulletin No. 29. [Vol. III

Fic. 94. Ga’-LE-RA SPHAG’-NUM. This charming little Toadstool grows, as the
cut shows, on the lower dead portion of the stems of Bogmoss or Sphagnum. It be-
longs to the section of ochre-spored Ag’arics. The specimens were collected on a
cranberry island in Buckeye Lake, the latter part of October, 1904.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th 6f each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Vol. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol. I (1903) except a few cloth bound for which 75 cents is charged.

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN
No. 30

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, March 15, 1905

Parasitic Funai.—It is easier to tell the difference between sapro-
phytic and parasitic fungi than it is to draw the line of demarkation in all
cases. Some fungi are purely parasitic and others are just as distinctly
saprophytic. That is, some species (parasites) take their food directly and
exclusively from living plants and animals; the saprophytes, on the other
hand, live on decaying organic matter. It is now known that some sapro-
phytic forms may for a time at least adjust themselves to a parasitic mode
of life—or as a botanist would say, they are facultative-parasites. Again,
some parasites are able to live for a time on dead organic matter—they are
therefore facultative-saprophytes. Some species of a given genus may be
parasitic, and others—though of the same genus—may be classed with the
saprophytes; but such cases are not numerous. The common Mushrooms and
Toadstools—for the illucidation of which this BULLETIN has its reason d’etre
—are usually very conspicuous, exhibit manifold forms, and varied color-
ings. ‘lhe parasitic species on the contrary, are mostly inconspicuous,
indeed microscopic, and known chiefly by their devastations. Innumerable
discolored areas on leaves, conspicuous spots because the tissue is dead
and bleached or may be peculiarly colored, may indicate the presence of a
parasitic fungus—yet to detect the latter a hand lens may be necessary,

and only with the aid of a compound microscope can the form and struc-
ture of the fungus be determined

A
\

3 5

Vic. 95. PHyYL-LACH’-O-RA MEX-I-CA’-NA. A parasitic fungus on Adolpiia sent from
Mexico. The stem (Fig. 1) is attacked by the fungus and forms blackened areas.
Figure 2 shows a section through the part of the stem which is affected and the stro’-ma
(as the black solid part of the fungus is called) is seen to be occupied by cavities in
which as’ci and ascosperes are formed: the latter are illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.
Figure 5 shows some of the pa-raph’-y-ses which are mixed with the as’ci. This, a new
snecies when collected last summer, was sent by Professor A. L. Herrera, of Mexico
City, Mexico.

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 8. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, Ohio

118 Mycological Bulletin No. 30. [Vol. III

MYCOLOGICAL GLOSSARY.

Insiti' tious: inserted.

Inter'calary: inserted between.

In'tercel’lular: between cells.

In'tracel'lular: within the cell.

Jntumes’cent: becoming swollen.

Invag'inated: sheathed.

In'volute: rolled inwards.

Isabel'line: color of sole leather, brownish yellow.

Lac'cate: varnished or coated as with ceiling wax.

Lacerate: irregularly torn.

Laciniate: cut into many lobes or threads.

Lactes'cent: with milky juice.

Lacu'na: a pit or cavity.

Lac'unose: pitted.

Lamel'la (pl. lamellae): gill of a mushroom bearing the hymenium.

La'nate: woolly.

Lateri’cious: of brick color.

La'tex: milky juice of plants.

Laticif’erous: bearing latex.

Lax: not compact, flaccid.

Lep'idote: scurfy with minute scales.

Leucospor'ae: the group of Agarics that have white spores.

Lev'igate: with a polished surface.

Lig'natile: growing on wood.

Lig'neous: growing on wood.

Lig'ulate: flattened and strap-like.

Liv'id: \Wluish-black, color of a flesh bruise.

Loc'ular: divided into cavities; as trilocular, three cavities.

Lu'men: cavity; cavity formed by cell wall.

Lu'rid: color between purple, yellow and gray; dirty brown.

Lu'teous: yellowish; buff-like or clay color.

Lutes’cent: yellowish; becoming luteous.

Mac'ulate: spotted.

Mam'miform: \reast-like; teat-like.

Marginal veii: in Agarics the veil extending from margin of pileus to stem.

Ma'trix: the substance on which or in which a fungus grows.

Me'dial: as of an annulus when at the middle of the stem.

Medul'la: inner substance extending to the cortical portion.

Melanospo'rue: the black-spored Agarics.

Meris'moid: like Merisma, that is, a pileus divided into many small pilei.

Mes'opod: a plant having a central stem.

Mica'ceous: covered with glistening scales.

Mic'ron (pl. micra or microns); the # or one-thousandth of a millimeter ;
it is nearly .00004 of an inch.

Millimeter: the thousandth of a meter, and a thousand micra, or #,
nearly one twenty-fifth of an inch.

Min‘iate: vivid red or vermillion color.

Mi'trate, Mitriform: hbonnet-shaped, mitre-shaped.

Mold, mould: may refer to fine organic earth as leaf-mold, or to the com-
mon fungi on foods, ete., as Penicillium, Mucor, ete.

Monil'iform: like a string of beads.

Morphology: this as contrasted with Physiology (which deals with fune-
tion) refers to structure of parts, particularly their interpretation as
based on their origin and development.

Muce'dinous: resembling the mildews or moulds.

Mu'cro: a short abrupt point.

Muw'cronate: with a short abrupt point.

Multipar'tite: divided into many parts.

[TO BE CONTINUED. |

15 March, 1905.] Mycological Bulletin No. 30. 119

Fic. 96. TRiI-CHO-LO’-M\ MEL-A-LEU’-cUM. This Tri-cho-lo’-ma was found in great
abundance in the woods of Cedar Point, near Sandusky, Ohio, first brought to the
laboratory by H. H. York. The size and general character of this white-spored Agaric
are fully shown in the illustrations. It was found in sandy soil, growing singly in
the shady woods. The color is usualy pale, nearly white at first, later much darker,

but hardly sooty. Photograph from specimens collected near Sandusky, Ohio, August.
1904,

Mycological Bulletin No. 30. [Vol. III

Fic. 97. Ilyp’UM_ ER-I-NA’-CE-US. SATYR’S-BEARD. Epinur. This common and
attractive Hedge-hog fungus or Hyd’num was collected by Miss Luda WL. Porter,
Newark, Ohio.

Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
No copies

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the
of Vol. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents.
remain of Vol, I (1903) except a few cloth bound for which 75 cents is charged.

JUN 26 1905

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN
No. 31

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Celumbus, Ohio, April 1, 1905

PERHAPS REGULAR AFTER TuHIs.—An unexpected delay has occurred
in issuing the April Nos. of the BuLretin, due to late return from a
winter trip to Guatemala. However, the 24 Nos. for the year will be re-
ceived by the subscribers and possibly from now on they may be sent out
regularly as dated. All who are not duly receiving the Nos. may know
that we have not received the subscription (25 cents) for the year.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—I wo correspondents have made valuable con-
tributions to this Number, namely, Mr. S. S. Crosby, of Massachusetts,
and Dr. O. E. Fischer, of Michigan. Their photographs of interesting
fungi are reproduced as Higs. 98 and 99.

Hy-pHo-Lo’-MA.—We present a habit-figure of Hy-phy-lo’-ma ap-pen-
div-u-la’-tum from a photo by Mr. S. S. Crosby, and will as opportunity
offers try to show a plant the natural size. Figures of some other species
may be seen on preceding pages. For example, Hy-pho-lo'-ma_ sub-lat-
er-U-ti-um was shown on p. 25, made from a photo by Fred. J. Braendle;
Hy-pho-lo'-ma lac-ry-ma-bun'-dum, from a photo by M. E. Hard, was pub-
lished on p. 57; and Hy-pho-lo’-ma cap-noi'-des may be found on p. 92,
printed irom a cut furnished by I.. F. Henderson. Some explanation of
the genus was given on p. 73 and therefore need not be commented on
here.

Itc. 08. Iy-pHO-LO’-MA AP-PEN-DIC-U-LA’-TUM. Edible. The photo for this Ap-
pendiculate Hy-pho-lo’-ma was furnished by Mr. S. S. Crosby, Cambridge, Mass.

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 17. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus. Ohio

122 Mycological Bulletin No. 31 {Vol ITI

GLOSSARY.

Multisep'tate: having many partitions or septa.

Mu'ricate: covered with short hard points.

Muric'ulate: finely muricate.

Mu'riform: descriptive of spores that have septa at right angles to each
other, or like bricks in a wall.

Mu'rine or murinous: mouse-colored.

Mushroom: a word used for all the conspicuous higher fungi; the term
is not properly confined to the edible toadstools.

Myc- (mycet- or myco-): is a prefix meaning fungus.

Myce'lium: the mass of hypae or threads (elongated cells) of which the
tissue of fungi is composed, especially the visible mat of hyphae of
the moulds, ete.

Myce'lioid: like mycelium.

Mycol'ogy: the division of botany which treats of fungi.

Mycol'ogist: one versed in mycology.

Mycoph'agist: one who eats fungi.

Ni'tid, nitidous: shining, polished.

Niz’eous: snow-white.

Nu'cleus: the central dense and very complex part of the protoplasm.

Obligate-parasite: one that can grow only as a parasite; see Facultative-
parasite.

Obligate-saprophyte: one that can grow only as a saprophyte; see Facul-
tative-saprophyte.

Ochrospor'ae: the Agarics that have ocher-colored or brownish spores.

O6'spore: a spore resulting from the act of fecundation, usually a resting-
spore; egg-spore.

Oper’ culate: with an operculum or lid.

Oper'culum: lid of a spore-case.

Os'tiolate: with an ostiolum.

Os'tiole, os'tiolum: orifice for exit of spores; mouth of perithecium.

Pal'lid: pale or of an undecided color.

Papil'lose: with minute rounded projections.

Paraph’ysate: with paraphyses.

Paraph'yses: slender cells, often clavate, etc., mixed with the asci, and are
apparently sterile asci.

Par'asite: a plant that receives its nourishment direct from living plants
or animals to which it is attached.

Parietal: pertaining to or on the wall.

Partial veil: in Agarics the veil reaching only from the margin of the
pileus to the stem.

Patel'late: shape of a dish or pan (patella).

Patel'liform: shape of the patella or pan.

Pec'tinate: with teeth like a comb.

Pel'licle: a very thin skin or cuticle.

Pellu cid: translucent.

Peridio'lum: a secondary or interior peridium.

Perid'ium: the outer coat of a sporophore, as the covering in case of
Puffballs, Geasters, ete.

Perithe’cium (pl. perithecia): a globular or otherwise-shaped receptacle
in which asci (and ascopores) are produced; it may be closed or
open above; ascoma, ascocarp, ete.

Per'onate: sheathed.

Pesi'zoid: cup-shaped or resembling a Peziza.

Phycomyce'tes: The Algal-fungi, as Grape Mildew (Peronospora), ete.

Pi'leate: having a cap or pileus.

Pi'leus: the cap-like or umbrella-like portion of an Ag’aric or other
mushrooms; the pileus with the stem supporting it is the sporophore
or so-called fructification.

[to BE CONTINUED. |

1 April 1905.] Mycological Bulletin No. 3r 123

Is Gy-ro- MI’ -TRA ES-CU-LEN’-TA PorsoNnous?—Atkinson (Mushrooms,
p. 220) says: “While this species has long been reported as an edible one,
and has been employed in many instances as food with no evil results,
there are known cases where it has acted as a poison. In many cases
where poisoning has resulted the plants were quite old and probably in
the incipient stages of decay. However, it is claimed that a poisonous
principle, called helvzllic acid, has been isolated by a certain chemist,
which acts as a violent poison. This principle is very soluble in hot
water, and when care is used to drain off first water in which they have
been cooked, squeezing the water well from the plants, they are pro-
nounced harmless. The safer way would be to avoid such suspicious
species.” Another author may be quoted. McIlvaine (One Thousand Am.
Fun., p. 547) says: “Sirce 1882 myself and friends have repeatedly eaten
it. In no instance was the slightest discomfort felt from it. It was always
enjoyed. Mr. Charles H. Allen, San Jose, Cal., writes to me that G. escu-
lenta grows plentifully in his region, and that it is not only edible, but he
has found it one of the best. But the species, though long ago esteemed
highly in Europe and by many in America, now rests under decided sus-
picion. . . . . The species would be better let alone.” Dr. Fischer says
‘St undoubtedly—though rarely—causes symptoms of poisoning in the
United States.“

Fic. 99. Gy-RO-MI’-TRA ES-CU-LEN’-TA. Hel-vel’-la or Gy-ro-mi’-tra. Edible.
Photo by Dr. O. E. Fischer, Detroit, Mich. The plants are represented less than life

size. lor comments see paragraph above.

124 Mycological Builetin No. 31 [Vol. III

Fic. 100. TRI-CHO-LO’-MA MEL-A-LEU’-cuM. This Tri-cho-lo’-ma was found in great

abundance in the woods of Cedar Point, near Sandusky, Ohio, first brought to the

laboratory by H. H. York. The size and general character of this white-spored Agaric
are fully shown in the illustrations. It was found in sandy soil, growing singly in
the shady woods. The color is usually pale, nearly white at first, later much darker,
but hardly sooty. Photograph from specimen collected near Sandusky, Oltio, August
1904. This represents the same Mushroom as shown in Fie. 96. All the plants shown

in Fig 96 are rather young; the same is true of those shown in Fig. 100 except the

one to the left Ilere the cap is flattened out and ultimately curved upward.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Vol. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol. I (1903). Address, W. A. Kellerman, Columbus, Ohio.

2)
=)

to)

aN)
=
=
5

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

No. 32

\BRARS
W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University -EW YORK
Columbus, Ohio, April 15, 1905 “SOTANICAT

GARDEN

A Po-ty’-po-rus Numper.—Though the fungi belonging to the Pol-y’-
po-ra’-ce-ae, or Pore-fungi, are not so important to the mycophagist as
some other groups they are just as interesting to the student and lover of
Nature. When very young some of the species are edible and used to
a considerable extent. They soon become tough or hard and leathery,
most of the conspicuous forms being woody in consistency. Some of
the common forms will be shown in this and succeeding Numbers of the
BULLETIN.

CLASSIFICATION.—These fungi are near relatives of the Ag’arics or
the Gill-fungi, inasmuch as the spores are borne on enlarged cells, called
ba-sid' -i-a. Each ba-sid’-i-um bears at its apex a few (commonly two
or four) spores at the tips of little stalks. The name of this slender stem
or stalk is, in botanical language, ster-ig’-ma; the plural is ster-ig'-ma-ta.
All fungi that produce ba-sid’ -i-a and basidiospores constitute the group
of Ba-sid-i-o-my-ce'-tes. Again, those fungi that bear the spores within
a cell, which is called an as’-cus, form the group of As-co-my-ce'-tes.
The common and conspicuous Mushrooms are members of these groups
and are spoken of sometimes as the true fungi, or expressed in technical
language, Eu-my-ce’-tes. The Grape Mildew, the Black Mould or Mucor,
etc., are quite different in some of their characters, particularly in their
mode of spore production: in fact they are in this respect, like some
Algae and hence have been called algal-fungi. For this group the botan-
ical name, which has this signification, is Phy-co-my-ce'-tes. At the risk
of offending the gentle reader with a prolix classification, it may be said
that these groups of plants, 7. e., the Fungi, may be set opposite the
Al’ -gae (the latter plants being simple in structure like the fungi, but
unlike them in having chlo’-ro-phyll, or “leaf-green”)—the two groups
constituting what the botanists call Thal’-lus plants or Thal’-lo-phytes.

Vig. 101, Po-Ly’-po-RUS AR-CU-LA-RI-FOR’-MiS. This polypore was recently de-
scribed as a new species by William A. Murrill, in the October Number of Torreya
(1904). It was collected at Unaka Springs, East Tennessee. The upper side is shown
in Fig 1, the under side in Fig. 2, magnified 2% times. A small portion of the upper
2? surface is shown at 3, and a small portion of the lower surface is shown at 4, both

magnifiel 8 times. Professor Murrill has kindly loaned us the electro for reproducing
the figure of this interesting species.

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 18. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus. Ohio

126 Mycological Bulletin No. 32 [Vol. III

MYCOLOGICAL GLOSSARY.

Pilif'erous: covered with soft hairs.

Placen'tiform: shape of a circular disk depressed above and below in the
middle.

Plasmo'dium: the motile protoplasmic mass representing the vegetative
stage of the slime-moulds.

Pli'cate: folded lke a fan.

Plum'beous: lead-color, bluish-gray.

Poculiform: cup-shaped.

Pore: in the Pyrenomycetes same as ostiole or ostiolum.

Porrect ; stretched horizontally.

Posterior: in case of the gills of the Agarics, denotes the point next to
the stem; that is, the posterior end is that next to the stipe.
Pro'toplasm: the living nitrogenous mass of the cell which is the physical

basis of life.

Pubes'cent: with short hairs.

Pul'vinate: cushion-shaped.

Punctate: dotted.

Pus'tular: with elevations like blisters or pustules.

Putres'cent: soon decaying.

Pycnidial spores: sporules, or the ‘spores’ (not ascospores) found in
pycnidia.

Pycnidium (pl. pycnidia): a perithecium-like ascocarp or body in which
sporules are produced.

Pyrenomyce'tes: the Ascomycetes with enclosed or nearly enclosed
hymenium.,

Recep'tacle: the part of the sporophore that contains the spores.

Remote’: said of gills that do not reach the stem.

Re'pand: wavy.

Re'plicate: folded back upon itself.

Resu'pinate: attached by the back, herce the hymenium facing outwards;
in this case there is no stem to the fungus which is spread over the
matrix; applied to the Polypori, ete.

Rez"olute: rolled backward.

Rhi'zomorphs: the dark root-like mesh of mycelial cords often seen in
rotten wood which represents the vegetative (perhaps resting)
stage of Agarics, etc.

Rhodospe'rae: the pink or rosy spored Agarics.

Ri'mose or rimous: full of cracks.

Ring: the part of the partial-veil that adheres to the stem of an Agaric;
annulus.

Ros'trate: beaked.

Rubes'cent: somewhat reddish in color.

Rufes’cent: of a dull red color, or becoming rufous.

Ru'gose: wrinkled.

Sanguin'eous: bhlood-colored.

Sap'rophyite: a fungus that draws its nourishment from dead vegetable
or animal matter.

Scab'rous: with a rough surface.

Scis'sile: easily split; said of gills readily separable into two plates.

Sclero'tium: a hard black mass, sometimes resembling a tuber, which is
the dormant or resting vegetative stage of some fungi, and from
which later sporophores may arise.

Scorbic'ulate: with small pits or furrows.

Scu'tellate: like a plate or platter.

Sepia; deep dark reddish brown.

Sep'tate: having partitions.

Septum: a partition.

Seri'ceous: silky.

[TO BE CONTINUED. |

15 April 1905.] Mycological Bulletin No. 32 12

~t

Explaining similarly the basis of classification and arrangement of the
other plants, we would have the Mosses and Liverworts forming the group
Bry'-o-phytes; the Ferns, Scouring Rushes and Ground Pines forming the
Pter-id' -o-phytes; and tially the Pines and common higher plants as
Sage, Rose, Oak, Dandelion, etc., forming the Sper-mat'-o-phytes. Putting
this all in the form of a diagram or synoptical tabulation we would have
it presented to the eye thus:

Fic. 102. Po-ty’-po-rus uyp-nor’-pes. A Polypore from Central America, very

striking by reason of its black color and covering of long bristles or scale-like hairs
above. The underside'is shown in the lower specimen on the right, and a small por-
tion of this magnified is shown in Fre. 103. The plants were collected the past winter
from old railroad ties, near Port Parrios, Guatemala.

128 Mycological Bulletin No. 32 [Vol. III

SPER-MAT’-0-PHYTES, or the common higher plants, as the
herbs, shrubs and trees.
Prer-IbD’ -0-PHYTES, or the Ferns, Scouring Rushes, and Lyco-
PLANTS pods or Ground Pines. ;
7 <~ \ BryY’-0-PHYTES, Or the Mosses and Liverworts.
Ba-sid'-i-o-my-ce'-tes
As'-co-my-ce'-tes
Phy'-co-my-ce'-tes

( Fungi
‘THAL’-LO-PHYTES -
Algae

OrpeERS COMPRISING THE BA-sin’-I-0-My-cE’ -TES.—If we carry this
matter of tabulation a little further we will have the following scheme:

Nip-u-LaAr-1I-A’-LES, the Bird’s-nest Fungi.
Ly-co-PER-DA’-LES, the Puff-balle.
PHAL-La’-LES, the Phalloids or Stinkhorns.
A-GAR-I-CA’-LES, Mushrooms and related
BA-SID’-I-O-MY-CE’-TES Fungi.
TRE-MEL-LA’-LES, the gelatinous Fungi.
AU-RIC-U-LAR-I-A’-LES, the Jew’s ear, etc.
U-reE-pIN-A’-LES, the Rusts.
Us-TI-LA-CIN-A’-LES, the Smuts.

lic. 103. The Pores or portion of the hymenial layer of Po-Ly’-po-RuS HyYD-NOI’-
pES The microphotograph was made by using a 2-inch ocular and a 38-inch objective.
The fungus is shown natural size in Vig. 102. where further explanation may be found.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Vol. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol.I (1903). Address, W. A. Kellerman, Columbus, Ohio,

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

No. 33

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, May 1, 1905

ACKNOWLEDGMENT.—We have to thank Mr. Fred J. Seaver for the
instructive illustration contained in Fig. 106, and Professor McBride, of
the University of Iowa, for the use of the electro. This and many others
were used in Volume 5 of the Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural
History of the State of lowa, and we will take occasion to reproduce one
or two more illustrations from this series in future Nos. of the BULLETIN.

AN INTERESTING ILLUSTRATED ARTICLE. is a pleasure to call atten-
tion to Mr. Seaver’s article on the Discomycetes of Eastern Iowa which
is fully illustrated—twenty-five plates being used, each illucidating two
species. Our Fig. 106 is a sample. The plant, natural size usually, is
given, then enlarged figures—these always showing an ascus and paraphyses
if any, also the spo-rid’-i-a or ascospores.

lic. 106. The following is the explanation for the plate marked Fig. 106, p. 132:

The illustrations marked I, a, b, and c, show SpatTH-u-La’-RI-A CLA-VA’-TA. At a
three plants are represented natural size, and in their natural habit. At b is
given a figure of a single ascus containing spores, accompanied by two branching
pa-raph’-y-ses; these are magnified 1000 diameters. Fig II, a, b, c, exhibits Lr-o’-T1-a
sTI-pI-TA’-rA. At a three plants are given natural size; at b a mature ascus with spores
and two pa-raph’-y-ses magnified 750 diameters are shown. Fig. c exhibits a single
spo-rid’-i-um, cr ascospore, magnified 2000 diameters. The figures are all drawn
by Fred J. Seaver from specimens collected in [owa. SPATH-U-LA’-RI-A CLA-VA’-TA is a
common yellow species occurring in woods in summer. LE-0’-TI-A STI-PI-TA’-TA has a
globose or spreading pileus of dark aeruginous green, the stem is a light yellow. It
occurs in woods in. summer and fall.

rig. 104. DAE-DA’-LE-A_AM-BIG’-U-A. This represents, considerably reduced from

the natural size, a common fungus in habit much like the common Polypores; but the

pores are changed slightly from this circular shape, as in this case, or they become much

Lf) flattened so as to form labyrinthine passages, or even lamellae or plates. A magnified

© view of the pores is shown in the next figure. The photos are from a herbarium speci-

©) men that was distributed by the Alabama Biological Survey, collected by IF. S. Earle
= in 1898.

en) ~
CX) —_—sdUniversity Bulletin, Series 9, No. 19. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus. Ohio

130 Mycological Bulletin No. 33 [Vol. III

MYCOLOGICAL GLOSSARY.

Serrate: margin with saw-like teeth.

Ser'rulate: minutely serrate.

Sessile: attached directly to the base; without stem.

Se’ta: a bristle or stiff hair. |

Seta'ceous, seti’'gerous, or se’tose: bristly.

Set'ulose: finely setaceous.

Sig'moid: S-shaped. :

Sinuate, sinuose, sinuous: waved or serpentine.

Sinus: the curve between two lobes.

Smooth: destitute of hairs (not necessarily an even surface).

Sordid: ot a dirty dingy hue. ‘

Spadic’cous: date-brown, 7. e., a dull dark brown.

Spath'ulatc: shaped like a spathula or spoon.

Spat'ulate: shaped like a spatula or spoon.

Species: a group of individuals that are alike or of one kind.

Spic'ule: a minute point or slender granule.

Spin'ule: a small spine or slender prickle.

Spore: the minute simple reproductive body of the Mushrooms and other
plants similar in function to the seed or complex structure of the
common plants. The terms spore, sporule, sporidium, conidium, etc.,
are often used indiscriminately.

Spo'rocarp: the fruiting portion (not the vegetative part) of the Ascomy-
cetes.

Sporid'ium: see spore.

Spo'rophore: the hypha or other part that bears spores.

Sporule: sez spore.

Squa’ma: a scale.

Squa'mose, sgua’mous: scale-like or with scales.

Squa'mula: a little scale.

Squamulose, squamulous: with small scales or squamae.

Squar'rose: rough with scales or projecting points.

Sterig’ma (pl. sterig’mata): a little stalk on a basidium bearing the spore.

Stipe: the stem of a mushroom.

Sti'pitate: with a stipe, or stem.

Sto’ma (pl. stomata): an opening or mouth.

Straight: aterm applied to the edge of a pileus when not involute.

Strani'neous: of straw or straw-color.

Stra'tose; in distinct strata or layers.

Stri’ate: marked with parallel lines, or striae.

Strobil’oform: like a pine cone.

Stro'ma (pl. stvo'mata): a compact mycelium on or in which perithecia
or other organs of fructification are produced.

Stuffed: said of a mushroom stem if filled within by material of a texture
different from that of the wall.

Sub-gleba: the basal portion of the gleba.

Subic'ulum: a layer of hyphae covering the matrix and over which is the
hymenium.

Substra’'tum: the matrix, or that on which the mushroom grows.

Sul'cate: with furrows or grooves.

Superior: said of the ring or annulus when near upper end of stem.

Symbio'sis: living together of two organisms in mutual dependence.

Teleu'tospore: the thick-walled winter spore, or end-spore in a series of
the life-cycle of polymorphic forms, for example, the winter spores
of the Rusts.

Tes'selated: checkered in a regular manner.

Testa’ceous: brick-red.

Thal'lophyte: one of the lower plants whose body is a Thallus (not differ-
entiated into stem, leaf, ete.).

[TO BE CONTINUED. ]

1 May 1905.] Mycological Bulletin No. 33 131

CLASSIFICATION OF THE A-GAR-I-CA’-LES.—This order includes several
families of the most interesting and the most conspicuous Mushrooms.
The hy-me’-ni-um or spore-bearing layer is a smooth layer in the Hy-
poch-na’-ce-ae, The-leph-o-ra’-ce-ae and Cla-var-i-a’-ce-ae; in the Hyd’-na-
ce-ae there are dependent spine-like processes on whose surface the ba-sid’-
i-a are borne; in the Po-ly-po-ra’-ce-ae_ the hy-me'-ni-um consists of pores,
the same also in the Bo-le-ta’-ce-ae, but here the layer of pores is separable
from the pileus; and in the A-gar-i-ca’-ce-ae there are gills or lamellae
to support the hy-me’-ni-um. ‘The tabular synopsis would be as follows:

Family A-GAR-I-CA’-CE-AE
Family Bo-LeE-TA’-CE-AE
Family Hyp-NA’-CE-AE

Order A-GAR-I-CA’-LES (¢ Fmaliy Po-Ly-po-Rra’-CE-AE
Family CLA-VAR-I-A’-CE-AE
Family ‘THE-LEPH-0-RA’-CE-AE
Family Hy-poCH-NA’-CE-AE

Ite. 105. DAE-DA’-LE-A AM-BIG’-U-A. The pores magnified of the same plant
shown in Vig. 104. The microphotograph was made by using a 2-inch ocular and a
38-inch objective. See explanation of Vig. 104.

Mycological Bulletin No. 33 [Vol. III

tek
SS)

‘tc. 106.

SPATH-U-LA’-RI-A CLA-VA’-TA (1) and ‘Le-o’-T1-A sti-p1-Ta’-TA (IT), by
Fred. J. Seaver. See explanation on page 129.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Vol. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol.I (1903). Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

No. 34

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, May 15, 1905

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—The artists who contributed the photos and
drawings for the accompanying figures are Dr. O. E. Fischer, of Detroit,
and Mr. Fred J. Seaver, of the Iowa State University. Thanks are ex-
tended and the example commended.

EXPLANATION OF Fic. 109.—A plant of Mor-CcHEL’-LA CON’-I-CA is
shown at I, natural size: b, at the left, is a section showing the pits; at c
an ascus with ascospores accompanied by one pa-raph’-y-sis, x 500; at d
a sporidium, x 750, is figured. In II a specimen, natural size. of Mor-
CHEL’-LA HY’-BRI-DA is given; a section to show the free pileus and pits
is given at >; at c a mature spore-bearing ascus with a pa-raph’-y-sis, x
400; d is a single sporidium, x 800. Drawings by Fred J. Seaver.

VoL-va’-RI-A.—A common species illustrated below. The name of this
genus will be evident at once, namely the vol’-va bearing fungus. The
plants beiong to the rosy-spored Ag’arics. While the volva is present the
an’-nu-lus, or ring, is absent, and the latter character separates the species
from that of Am-a-n1i-TA. The stem is easily separable at its junction
with the pileus, the same being true of its near relatives, namely, Am-a-
ni'-ta, A-man-i-top’-sis, and Lep-t-o'-ta.

1905

Fic. 107. Vou-va’-R1-A BOM-BY’-cI-NA. [dible. Said to be of world-wide distri-
ition, but not common; found on decayed logs, stumps, etc., during late summer and
—situmn. From pheto by Dr. O. E. Fischer, Detroit, Michigan.

=

=>

University Bulletin, Ser‘es 9, No. 20. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, Ohio

134 Mycological Bulletin No. 34 [Vol. III

MYCOLOGICAL GLOSSARY.

Toad'stool: any one of the common conspicuous fungi; same as Mush-
room; may be poisonous or non-poisonous, edible or inedible.

To'rose: swollen at intervals.

Tra’ma: the interior portion of the gills or pileus.

Tremel'loid: gelatinous or stiff jelly-like, as a Tremella.

Tu'mid: slightly swollen.

Umbil'icate: with a rounded pit or central depression.

Um'bo: central elevation as on the cap of some Mushrooms.

Um'bonaie: with an umbo.

Unequal; applied to gills of unequal length.

Universal veil: a volva which entirely envelopes the plant when young.

Ure'do: the second stage in the life cycle of rusts; red Rust.

Ure'dospere: a thin-walled summer spore produced by the Uredo, or stage
of the group of Rusts preceding the teleutospore-bearing.

Vaginate: having a sheath.

Veil: a covering of a part or all of the fungus; see Partial Veil, Uni-
versal vel.

Ven'tricose: swollen in the middle.

Ver'nicose: appearing as if varnished.

Ver'rucose: coveerd with warts or small elevations.

Verru'ciform: same as verrucose.

Vesicle: a bladder-like cavaity, or a cell.

Vesicular, vesiculose: full of rounded cavities or vescicles.

Vol’va: a wrapper or envelope which at first covers the entire young plant;
a universal veil: it may remain as a cup at the base of the Mush-
room, or be broken up in fragments distributed over the cap and
base of stem.

Zonate: marked with zones or concentric bands of color.

lig. 108. Pru’-re-us cer-vi’-nus. Edible. Photo by Dr. O. E. Fischer, Detroit,

Michigan. Previous figure of this specics on p. 64, and explanation on p. GR.

15 May 1905.] Mycological Bulletin No. 34 135

Fig. 109. Mor-CHEL’-LA CON’-1-CA AND Mor-CHEL’-LA HY’-BRI-DA.

Seaver. See p. 133 for explanation.

136. Mycological Bulletin No. 34 [Vol. III

o

CSS Se See

————

lic. 110. Hev-ver’-La cris’-PA AND TIEL-VEL'-LA E-LAS’-TI-cA. By Fred J. Seaver.
See p. 187 for explanation.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Vol. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol. I (1903), Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

No. 35

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D.,.Olio State University

Columbus, Ohio, June 1, 1905

EXPLANATION OF Fic. 110. The following are shown: HeEt-veL"VA

cris’-PA, one plant, natural size, at I a; an ascus and three pa-raph’-y-ses
are shown in b, x 600; c is a sporidium, x 1400. In II a is shown a

pl:

unt, natural size, of HEL-vEL’-LA E-LAS’-TI-CA; at b are two pa-raph’-y-ses

accompanying the mature ascus; at c a single sporidium is given, x 1200.
All figures drawn by Fred J. Seaver, Iowa State University.

TerMs ILLUSTRATED IN THE PrLate.—The following mycological terms

are illustrated on the accompanying plate:

Adnate, Agaric, Annulus, Ascospores, Ascus,
Basidiospores, Basidium,

Cap, Capillitium, Cell, Conidiophores, Cystidium,
Decurrent,

Gills,

Hlymenium, Hyphae,

Involute,

Lame!la,

Mushroom,

Plasniodium, Protoplasm,

Revolute, Ring,

Sinuate. Spore, Sterigma, Superior,
Toadstool, Trama,

limbilicate, l’mbo, Umbonate,

Vesciculose, Volva.

by

Fic. 111. Vo.-va’-r1-A PU-SIL’-LA. The illustration was made from a photo sent

Dr. O. E. Fisher; the plants are represented very slightly enlarged; they were

@ collected carly this spring, at Detroit, Michigan.

JUN 26 19

University Bulletin, Ser’es 9, No. 21. Entered as Second Class Matter, Pest-office at Columbus, Ohio

138 Mycological Bulletin No. 35 [Vol. III

A Puate to ILLUSTRATE THE SLIME Moutps.—A portion of a plas-
modium highly magnified, and a single species more or less magnified of
each of the common genera of Myxromycetes or Slime Moulds, are given.
These are diagrammatic figures mostly adapted from plates in Macbride’s
North American Slime Moulds.

Fic. 112. Cou-tyr’-1-A RAp-1-caA’-TA, A sketch showing abnormal growth of this
common edible Col-lyb’-i-i; the speciniens were found on a rotten log, but the “root”
was unable to peretrate the hard, less-rotten portions. In one case the “root’’ portion
was not at all developed, as shown in the middle specimen, but a more energetic plant
(sketch to the left) turned its course at right angles and grew to the usual length. <A
distorted cap is shown in the plant sketched at the right. These were collected near
Sandusky, Ohio, last year.

Tue GLossary AS A SEPARATE PAMPHLET.--It has been decided to re-
print the Mycological Glossary which has appeared on successive pages in
this Buttetin. A serviceable paper will be used-——and the expense involved
in this matter requires that the price per copy be placed at 25 cents. Begin-
ners, amateurs, and students of Mushrooms will doubtless find this little
dictionary of some advantage.

Thotoplas77t
Nucleus, Wall

Vac Ce oles.

/

Umbo narte—

<rUmbo

\s

Assu S S

hyste -

Asco spores Eo Con tdsophores Reflex
Spore da a @ l@

a Harz7wow

HAymen é L674

Ualbilea te

Annulus

t a Superior S ; a =} -
1, a i a E o , 7
wfertsor | oterigma ‘Tiama

astdto spores

Fic. 113. IttustraTtIoNs oF MycoLocicaL TERMS.

ee)

140 Mycological Bulletin No. 35 [Vol. Til

eee
= oe

tp¢biee

of a plasrodiurn

}

Dor tea

Stlinze. -toulds - 77 YxOTH yoetes

Fic. 114. ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SLIME MOUuLDs.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Vol. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol.I (1903). Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

No. 36

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, June 15, 1905

THE ILLUSTRATIONS IN THIS Numper.—We have to thank Dr. O. E.
Fischer for the photo of the elegant Peziza shown in Fig. 115. The etch-
ing in Fig 116 represents a saprophytic species of fungus found on old
stems of the prickly lettuce. A common and abundant fungus, Cli-toc’-y-be
mul’-ti-ceps, is shown in Figure 117. On the last page we give an illus-
tration of Pho-li-o’-ta u-nic’-o-lor, also found near Columbus, a species
perhaps not rare in this country.

Tue Group Names.—Since plants are almost infinitely numerous one
ean readily see the necessity of grouping or classifying them, and there-
fore names of groups are a necessary evil, or rather a scientific necessity.
Neither is it simply for convenience that botanists establish groups with
appropriate names, but the verity of the groups and their proper arrange-
mert exhibit plant affinities; and only by discerning these genetic rela-
tionships can we have any proper idea of the evolution of the plant king-
dom, or conception of the unity and order in Nature that modern science
has elucidated. A casual notice will show that there has been “order in
this madness,” for all the Ordinal names end with the syllables a’-les.
In the next No. of the Butietin the Families constituting the Order
A-gar-i-ca’-les will be given, and then it will be seen that the terminal
syllables ce-ae suggest a family name. Po-ly-po-ra’-ce-ae is a case in point.

Tue Pezizas AcaAIn.—Scome iliustrations of these Cup-fungi have
already been given; for example, Pe-zi’-za_ re-tic-u-la’-ta was shown in
Figs. 20 and 21 (pp. 14 and 15); Sar-co-scy’-pha oc-ci-den-ta’-le and Sar-
co-scy’-pha floc-co’-sa were illustrated in Figs. 36 and 37 (pp. 30 and 31) ;
Bul-ga’-ri-a in-qui’-nans was given in Fig. 44 (p. 40); and Pe-zi’-za
ba’-di-a in Fig. 61 (p. 66). These and related forms are readily referable
to the family Pe-zi-za’-ce-ae. They are charming fungi—some of them
extremely delicate. tinv and handsomely colored.

Pe-z1'-zA, A LARGE GeNnus.—As the earlier botanists used this generic
term it included a very large number of species. In later times other
genera have been carved out of it or formed to include special groups of

> 9p]

—

=?) io 5 > ’ yo Te rneeray’ “N0-CIN'’-0? Cc > %e.71’

— ‘IG. 115. Pr-z1’-zA coc-c1n’-E-A (Sar-co-scy’-plia coc-cin’-e-a). Scarlet Pe-zi’-za.
This beautitul plant appears very early in spring. It may be found in the woods

~Oerowing on rotten logs or on decayed wood in the soil. The photo from which the

CNpcut was made was furnished by Dr. O. KE. Fischer, Detroit, Michigan.

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 22. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, Ohio

JUN

142 Mycological Bulletin No. 36 [Vol. III

the species; thus we have Geophyxis, Acetabula, Otidia, Discina, Pyrone-
ana, Humaria, Sarcoscypha, Lachnea and many others—and enough spe-
cies left over to give Peziza a respectable standing as a genus.

Tue NAme Pe-zi-za—This was given by Dillenius in 1819, taken
from the Greek word, Pesis, used to designate “a mushroom without a
stalk.” Some botanists, seized with a zeal for pure classical terminology,
say this ought to be therefore “Pc’-sis,” not “Pe-zi’-za.” I am not com-
petent to judge in the case, but at any rate this may be said, that Pe-si’-sa
(not “Pesis’) was really the name given by Dillenius in 1819 and a good-
enough name withal. Besides if this is to be changed to suit refined taste,
then I suppose dozens if not hundreds of others may be drawn into the
same category. Mycologists today are coining such names as Rehmiomy-
ces, Eichleriella. Prachtflorella, and they seem to serve the purpose even
if they are not classical Latin. The oldest name, that is, the first name
given, illy or happily chosen, is the one to be used invariably, a rule which
botanists call the Principle of Priority. A strict application of this per-
haps will give, if anything will give it, stability in nomenclature, devoutly
to be wished.

THE Group or Dis’-co-My-cr’-TeEs.—The Pezizas serve well to illus-
strate the large group called Dis’-co-my-ce’-tes. These fungi have the
spores in as’-ci; and the hy-me'-ni-uwm, or spore-bearing layer, forms the
surface layer or bottom mostly of a cup or saucer-shaped fruiting body. The
Helvellas, Gyromitra, Bulgaria, as well as Peziza, heretofore illustrated,
belong to this group.

Fic. 116. . PHy-Lo-stic’-TA A-SIM’-I-NAE. A Le&ar-spot FunGcus oF THE PAPAWw.
The figure shows a section through the leaf moderately magnified and at the right
the spores (sporules) highly magnified. he spore-case is called the pyc-nid’-i-um, and
this is formed, as shown in the figure, below the epidermis, though it is slightly
erumpent when mature. Many of the pyc-nid’-i-a are clustered in a single dead spot
en the leat which may be of circular or irregular outline; the pycnidia can be easily
seen with a hand lens—sometimes even distinctly by the unaided eye. This is a
parasitic species and the dead tissue of the lcaf is caused by the presence of the
fungus.

INTERESTING COMMON NaAmeES.—To some of the conspicuous Pezizas
fanciful names have been applied, and it will be interesting to put them
on record. It is said for example that they are called “Blood-cups,” “Fairy
cups,” “Flaps,” “Bird’s-nests,” ete. The loeal names, if reported from
various localities, will be listed; notice of special names in use of any or
all kinds of Mushrooms is solicited.

15 June 1905.] Mycological Bulletin No, 36 143

Pk

Fic. 117. Cur-Toc’-y-RE MUL’TI-cEPS. Edible. Multiceps means “‘many-headed”—
and this species like some other Clitocybes is caespitose, that is to say, tufted or with
many stems crowded together. - The plants are found in great abundance in a partially
cleared woods near Columbus. It flourishes from the middle of the scason till late

in autumn.

144 Mycological Bulletin No. 36 [Vol. Til

ic. 118. PHO-LI-0’-TA U-NIC’-O-LOR. A common fungus growing on decayed
wood. ‘The plants are more or less clustered, bay, bay brown, or buff color, having
ochraceous spores. ‘This is not known to be edible, in fact we may look upon many
Pholiotas with suspicion. Macllvaine remarks, however, as follows: “Stevenson notes
in his deseription of the genus: ‘None are to be commended as edible.’ My investiga-
tion shows that there are several delicious species, notably P. squarrosa and _ sub-
quarrosa. ‘Their lateness and plcntifulness make them valuable food fungi. I have
nothing but praise for the entire genus.’”’ ‘The plants from which the photograph was
taken occurred in a woods near Columbus, first brought in by H. H. York, in June.

IT BECOMES NECESSARY to call attention to the fact that Vol. I of the
MycoLocicAL BuLLETIN is exhausted. It is hoped that the set of Nos.
(1-12) comprising Vol. I may be hought back from those who were but
are not now subscribers. Any or all these Nos. are solicited—and per-
haps present subscribers may be able in some cases to assist the editor in
recovering the same, which would be a great accommodation to several
parties.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Vol. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol.I (1903). Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN
No. 37 LIBRARY

NEY YOR
W. A. Keilerman, Ph, D., Ohio State University pe,
Columbus, Ohio, July 1, 1905 GARDE?

pI ANE

Here Is WHat WE Have Tuis Time.—Professor Beardslee, of Ashe-
ville, N. C., has furnished an instructive article, accompanied with illustra-
tive photographs, touching the common species of Cli-to-pi’-lus. We there-
fore devote this entire No. of the BuLLeTIN to this subject, and besides
publish it in the Journal of Mycology.

THE ROSY SPORED AGARICS OR RHODOSPORAE.
Ti. C. BEARDSLEE.

The Rosy Spored Agarics form an interesting group and one so favor-
able for study that it is proposed to give in successive Numbers of this
Journal an outline of the group which shall help the beginner to recognize
the common species. Care will be taken to point out the features by which
the different groups can be recognized and figures of some of the more con-
spicuous ard interesting species of each group will be given. The rarer
species and those which are not well understood will not be considered.

HOW TO RECOGNIZE THE RHODOSPORAE,

When a basket of fresh specimens has been collected, spore prints
should first be secttred by removing the caps from selected specimens and
placing them on white paper. In a few hours, if the specimens collected
are in a suitable condition, spores will have fallen in sufficient quantity so
that the spore-colors will be plainly shown. All the specimens whose
spores have a disinct red or flesh color may then be selected out. These

Fic. 119. Cri-to-P1’-LUs NOV-E-BOR-A-CEN’-SIS. Photograph by H. C. PBeardslee,

Asheville, N. c.

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 25. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus. Ohio

,

146 Mycological Bulletin No. 37 [Vol. III

belong to the Rosy Spored Agarics. After a little practice many of this
group can be recognized at first sight.. The spores are often formed in
profusion and give a pink tint to the gills, and often collect in masses on
the gill and stem so that their color is readily seen.

THE GENUS CLITOPILUS.

This genus has rosy spores and may be distinguished from other mem-
bers of the group by its solid stem and its decurrent gills (7. ¢., gills which
run down on the stipe as described in an earlier Bulletin).

KEY TO THE COMMON SPECIES OF CLITOPILUS.

The four common species may be distinguished by the following key:

Piles awihite: |. : + Saeeereetee wicsaneton eae ok eR mie aveiee srice al
DIGS GEV Oe ORISN EAN Goo ocosunango0doptaousnn « REIS aro
1. Pileus firm, dry, with a delicate white bloom..... Jesse C. pranulas
1. -Pileus- sot, shightilwaivascid sco co. sic cre eer ke osoucattts aac eee Oem Pecan
ie LEMME Viele ANKENY = 54couceuo< es Seer em oS
2) /Pileussthin: sponesspalesties!) colon sacanereen ance acer C. noveboracensis

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES.

CLITOPILUS NOVEBORACENSIS.—J his species is abundant on the Asheville
Plateau and may he found especially during wet weather. The _ pileus
is dingy gray to pale gray in color, thin, with a distinct odor and a bitter
unpleasant taste. The gills are crowded, pale, then dingy or yellowish.
The stem is solid, pale gray, with an abundance of white mycelium.

It may be of value to add that this species is doubtless identical with
C. popinalis of Europe. Specimens and photographs have been submitted
to eminent European authorities and this opinion definitely verified. Bresa-
dola also states in a recent publication that the latter species is also the
same as the European Clitocybe amarella. | have preferred here, however,
to use the common American name.

CLITOPILUS ABORTIVUS is One of Our common species. It ts usually
found growing in colonies on the ground or on well rotted stumps and
logs. It is 2-5 in. broad, gray to browninsh gray, not viscid, and is covered
with a delicate tometum. The gills are pale gray, becoming rosy with the
spores. The stem is solid and pale gray. Frequently clusters of plants are
found which have not developed properly but have formed curious abor-
tive masses from which the plant derives its name. The figure shows this
peculiar feature well (Fig. 120). This species is edible, though not of the
best quality.

CLITOPILUS PrurNuLtUS and CLiroprLus ORCELLA are close relatives and
resemble each other so closely that photographs of each do not need to be
given. Both are white and have decurrent gills and may be easily recog-
nized from the photograph

CLITOPILUS ORCELILA, as noted in the key, is slightly viscid, which is a
convenient mark by which the snecies may be distinguished. Both are
found in woods, especially along woodland roads. They are both edible
species of excellent quality,

1 July 1905.] Mycological Bulletin No. 37 147

Gy-RO-MI/-TRA ES-CU-LEN’-TA.—This belongs to the Hel-vel'-la Fam-
ily which was briefly described on p. 15 and to this the reader may refer.
In that connection (on p. 16) a half-tone illustration was given of Gy-ro-
mi'-tra brun'-ne-a, a very common and interesting Mushroom which many
regard as one among the best of the edible species. Through the kind-
ness of Dr. Fischer, of Detroit, who were able to present another species
of this genus, namely Gy-ro-mi'-tra es-cu-len'-ta. Its prominent characters
have been stated as follows: It has a chestnut-red, irregularly rounded
and lobed cap with brain-like convolutions. The margin of the cap is
attached to the stem in two or three places. It is hollow within, and has
a few prominent irregular ribs or ridges. The plant is two to four
inches high, and the cap two or three inches broad; specimens have been
found weighing a pound each. See Fig. 99, p. 123.

Fic. 120. Cxi-ro-pi’-Lus A-BoR-7I’-vus. The two lower plants show the fully de-
veloped form of the species; the upper figures are the common abortive form. Photo-

graphs by II. C. Beardslee, Asheville, Na G

148 Mycological Bulletin No. 37 [ Vol. III

C. Beardsley, Asheville, N. C.

by H.

Photograph

LI-10-PI’-LUS OR-CEL’-LA.

(C

pis

1

Nic:

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the 1st and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Val. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol.I (1903). Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN
No. 38

IV. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, July 15, 1905

THE Two-sporeD Moret, Mor-cuHe’-1.A Bis’-po-rA. Not until now could
I adequately report in print in reference to some curious little Morels sent
from Wisconsin by Mr. A. F. Lane. They were collected the 16th of April,
under an oak tree in a piece of mixed woods near Milwaukee. They were
sent because of “their early appearance in the season,” and because “they
have characteristics not common to any of the other well-known Morels.”
A inicroscopic examination of the spores settled the identity of the species
at once. Only two spores are contained in each ascus, whereas in the other
species there are eight spores. They are therefore the botanical species
known as Mor-chel’-la bis’-po-ra. The photographs made from the speci-
mens are reproduced in Fig. 122.

Fic. 122. Mor-cHEL’-LA Bis’-po-RA. Two-sporr Moret. The plants are shown
natural size; two of the figures are vertical sections, and the attachment of the cap at
the apex of the stem only is more or less distinctly seen, but the hollow stem is less

clearly shown in the engraving. The photographs were made from plants sent from
—Wisconsin by Mr. A. F. Lane.

:

_
<I

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 26. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, Obio

\

150 Mycoiogical Bulletin No. 38 [Vol. III

Preyious DiscussioN AND ILLUSTRATION OF THE Morets.—These plants
are very interesting and naturally we expect much to be said about them
in the BuLLErIN. ‘lurning back, we find that the subject has been reported
in print or engravings on the following pages: 2, 5, 6, 7, 11, 13, 14, 21, 27,
129, and 135. All this with what has been added in this No. will doubtless
satisfy the most exacting patron—until the Morelle season opens again
next year.

THe Grnus Om-pna’-L1-A.—These white spored Agarics are tersely
described as follows by Professor Atkinson: ‘he Genus Omphalia is
closely related to Wycena and Collybia. !t differs from these mainly in the
decurrent gills. In the small species of Mycena, where the gills are slightly
decurrent, the pileus is not umbilicate as it is in the corresponding species
of Omphalia. In some of the species of Omphalia the pileus is not um-
bilicate, but here the gills are plainly decurrent. The stem is cartilaginous.”

Tue SpeEcIES OF Om-pHA’-Lt-A---There are between thirty-five and
forty American species of this genus, some of them very common and
abundant; they are usually small and occur mostly in the woods. One of
the commonest and most widely distributed is Om-pha’-li-a cam-pa-nel’-la
or Bell Omphalia. It may be found throughout the summer and autumn
on rotter logs, stumps, ete., in shady moist woods. Its pileus is umbilicate,
faintly striate and of a dull reddish color. ‘the gills are narrow and con-
nected by veins and decurrent on the stem. Another species is Om-pha’-li-a
ep-'-chy’-si-um, distinguished by its smoky or dull gray color, the depressed
or funnel-shaped pileus and short, slender stem. The species shown in
this No. of the BULLETIN is Om-pha’-li-a um-bel-lif’-er-a, whose character-
istic cluster habit is amply illustrated in Fig. 125.

ic. 123. Grark Mirtpew oR PFRONOSPORA. Sce next page.

15 July 1905.] Mycological Bulletin No. 38. 151

ARE THE OmpnaLrAs Eprste?—For this phase of the subject we will
quote a good author on mycophagy, McIlvaine, who says: “Raw, the
writer has not found one that is objectionable in any way; a few have a
woody taste. But two species have been found by him in sufficient quantity
to make a dish. It is probable that all are edible.

Grape MiLtpdEW or PERONOSPORA.—Again we interpolate a parasitic
fungus that can not be called a Mushroom, but which nevertheless is very
interesting both from the scientific and economic point of view. On the
preceding page is given (Fig. 123) an etching which represents in a dia-
grammatic way, the well known enemy of the vineyards. The large figure
to the left is intended to represent a magnified section through a grape
leaf. The row of cells forming the protecting outer layer of the leaf above
and below, is the epidermis. The cells between are full of protoplasm (not
evident in the figure) and chlorophyll grains (leaf-green). Between these
cells, and drawing nourishment from them. are the tube-like cells (called
hy-phae) which form the body of the parasite. As seen it has developed
upright (downright in this case) straight branching cells; all these are
called co-nid'-i-o-phores, because they bear the spores which are called
co-nid'-i-a. The latter are the summer spores; they germinate at once,
infect other plants in the vineyard, and so multiply the parasite rapidly
when climatic conditions are favorable. The remainder of the story must
be told in a tater No.

x 186

Fic. 124. Mor-cwev’-LtaA_ pis’-po-RA. Two-sporE Moret. A_ vertical section
through the middle of the plant shows the interior structure. It is seen that the stem
is hollow and the cap attached only at its apex. ‘The drawings to the right show the
spore cases (as’-ci), each containing two spores, also slender cells accompanying the
asci (which may perhaps be really immature or abortive asci), called the pa-raph’-y-
ses. The plant is shown natural size, but the asci and spores are represented as mag:
nified 186 diameters.

152 Mycological Bulletin No. 38 [Vol. III

Growing on retten wood in a moist, shady place near Columbus, O.

mbellate Om-pha’-li-a.

U

OM-PHA’-)_I-A UM-BEL-LIF’-ER-A.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Vol. 11 (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol.1I (1903). Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

No. 39
W. A. Keilerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, August 1, 1905

Oni-PHA’-LI-A CAM-PA-NEL/-LA. BELL OM-pPHA’-LI-A.—We have already
commented briefly on Omphalias [ste p. 140], quoting Atkinson’s descrip-

~ a a >

Fic. 126. OM-PHA’-LI-A CAM-PA-NEL’-LA. BELL OM-pHA’-LI-A. See text.

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 27. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, Ohio

Micclogical Bulletin No. 39 [Vol. UT

_—
ur
rs

tion of the genus. Additional remarks were made concerning the species
on the same page. Besides, a half-tone representing the Umbellate Om-
pha’-li-a was shown on p. 152. We give here an illustration of the com-
mon Om-pha’-li-a cam-pa-nel’-la, or Bell Omphalia—a charming little
plant found on very rotten, wet logs in shady woods. It occurs throughout
summer and autumn, often in enormous numbers spreading over an ex-
tended surface of its favorite matrix—a fallen, soggy, disintegrated log.
The cap is convex and umbilicate, of dull reddish color or dirty white,
having a watery appearance in damp weather.

Lep-I-0’-TA MOR-GAN’-1; MorGAN’s AGaAric.—This magnificent Mush-
room was first coliected by Professor Morgan; he sent it to Professor
Peck, who named it as noted above. Though ordinarily placed in the
white-spored section of the Agarics, it has pale green spores, as pointed
out by its discoverer. The greenish spores and, when the plant is mature,
the greenish gills in connection with its great size, readily identifies the
species. The figures shown in this Number of the BULLETIN obviate the
necessity of an extended description. It is pure white and often grows in
huge fairy rings. It !s a tempting subject for the amateur photographer.
An additional illustration showing it in quantity in its natural habitat—
especially as a fairy ring-—is desired. The annulus is usually movable.
As pointed out previously, the Lepiotas are botanically distinct from the
Amanitas in not exhibiting a volva or sac at base of the stem.

It is shown in the two half-tones that the pileus is at first sub-globose
or nearly globular; then it becomes expanded; in some old specimens it
may be depressed. The usual size is six to eight inches high and five to
nine inches broad.

Is LeprorA MorGAnt Potsonous?—-Mcllvaine says the only species of
this genus known to be poisonous to some people is Lepiota morgani. Pro-
fessor Stevens gave a detailed account of the symptoms of poisoning by
this species, in the Journal of Mycology (Volume 9, pages 220-222).
Vomiting and diarrhoea were severe. He says: The extreme violence of
the symptoms produced by such a small quantity of the fungus makes
one wonder what a meal of such might do! The conclusion of the whole
matter is: exercise caution, and test with a small or moderate quantity
iivats alle

We close the comment by quoting, from One Thousand American
Fungi, a statement by H. I. Miller: “I have recently measured several
which were more than twelve inches across. .... Six families, here have
eaten heartily of them. The experience is that one or two members of
each family are made sick, though in two families, who have several times
eaten them, no one was made sick. I enjoy them immensely, and never
feel any the worse for eating them. I doubt if we have a finer-flavored
fungus. The meat is simply delicious. One fairy ring yields a bushel.”

Professor Morgan says: “I am this season (1879) finding elegant
epecimens of this remarkable Agaric, which was described in the March
number of the Botanical Gazette. One plant measures 11 inches across
the pileus and is 8'4 inches high; the bulbous base of the stipe is 2 inches
in diameter, tapering upward to one inch; the heavy movable ring is situ-
ated above the middle of the stipe. It is a much heavier and stouter plart
than A. procerus Scop., though not as tall. It is stouter than any of the
Amanritas and with a much greater expanse of pileus. It reminds me
somewhat of A. maximus Fr., though with a much longer stipe and a
more regular pileus. I am disposed to claim that it is the largest Avaric
in the world. The remarkable thing about the plant, however, and the
feature by which it differs from all other Agarics and by which it is readily
recognied is its green shores. When first caught on white paper, the spores
of mature specimens are a beautiful bright green; they soon change, how-
ever, to a dull green.”

1 Aug. 1905.] Mycological Bulletin No. 39 155

%,

~ mpl

va *

ee |

Fic. 127. Lep-t-0’-TA MOR-GAN’-I. MorGan’s AGaAric. See text.

156 Mycological Bulletin No. 39

Fig. 128. LeEp-r-0’-TA MOR

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iAN’-I. MorGAn’s: AGaric. See text.

the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies

ach, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents.

remain of Vol. I (1903), Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

No copies

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

No. 40
W. A. Keilerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, August 15, 1905
Tue GeENusS PLeEu-RO’-TUS.—This interesting group of Gill-fungi, be-
longing to the series of white-spored Agarics, is concisely described by
Professor Atkinson in his Mushrooms Edible and Poisonous, and we can
advantageously transcribe his language, which is as follows: “The genus

Fic. 129. Preu-ro’-TUS UL-MA’-RI-US ExLmM PLeurotus Eviste. The half-tone
shows two specimens, natural size, taken from the clump illustrated in Fig. 130, where
further explanation may be found.

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 28. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, Ohio

158 Mycological Bulletin No. 40 [Vol. Ill

Pleurotus is usually recognized without difficulty among the fleshy, white-
spored agarics, because of the eccentric (not quite in the center of the
pileus) or lateral stem, or by the pileus being attached at one side in a
more or less shelving position, or in some species where the upper side
of the pileus lies directly against the wood on which the plant is growing,
and is then said to be resupinate. The gills are either decurrent (extend-
ing downward) on the stem, or in some species they are rounded or
notched at the junction with the stem. There is no annulus, though some-
times a veil, and the genus resembles both Tricholoma and Clitocybe, ex-
cept for the position of the stem on the pileus. In Tricholoma and Cli-
tocybe the stem is usually attached at the center, and the majority of the
species grow on the ground, while the species of Pleurotus are especially
characterized by growing on wood. Some species, at least, appear to grow
from the ground, as in Pleurotus petaloides, which is sometimes found
growing on buried roots or portions of decaying stumps which no longer
show above ground.”

PLEU-RC’-TUS UL-MA’-kI-US; ELM PLEu-Ro’-Tus.—This species is de-
scribed as usually growing on the Elm—whence the name—but also oc-
curring on other trees. It may be found at wounds where there is decaying
wood-—but it may occur on the ground as stated in the paragraph below.
The mark that distinguishes this large species from the Oyster fungus and
other related species is its long stem, usually attached near the center of
the cap, and by the gilis being rounded or notched at their inner extremity.
The pileus is convex, the margin incurved, then nearly expanded. It is
smooth and white or whitish; it may be yellowish or brownish in the
center.

WHat THE AUTHORS SAY OF THIS SPECIES.—It may add to the interest
of this subject if some quotations as to the Elm Pleu-ro’-tus are added.
Atkinson savs: “The elm pleurotus has been long known as an edible
fungus, and is regarded as an excellent one for food on account of its
flavor and because of its large size. It occurs abundantly during the late
autumn, and at this season of the year is usually well protected from the
attacks of insects. It occurs in the woods, or fields, more frequently on
dead trees. On shade trees which have been severely pruned, and are
nearly or quite dead, it sometimes appears at the wounds, where limbs
have been removed, in great abundance. In some plants the stems are
stronely curved because the weight of the cap bore the plant downward.
Sometimes when the plant is growing directly on the upper side of a
branch or log, the stem may be central.”

Meclflvaine says: ‘The historic elms of Boston Common have borne
copious’crons of this well-known and easily distinguished species from time
immemorial. Every fall, about the first of September, if the season is
favorabie, later if not, copious crops appear decorating the trunks, and
branches, sometimes at a height of thirty or forty feet. Growth takes
place where branches have broken off or the trees have been wounded
from other causes. They occur very generally on elms in the outlying dis-
tricts of the city, but rare in the country, seeming to be distinctly urban
in their tastes. No damage is apparent from their growth.”

Our ILLUSTRATION OF THE ELM PLEu-Ro’-TUs.—The remarkable speci-
men shown in Fig. 130 differs much from the common type—but they may
be representatives of Pleu-ro’-tus ul-ma’-ri-us, as kindly determined for me
by Professor Morgan. He remarked concerning them: “Something near
Pleurotus ulmarius—-the spores of this species, but the form is not typical.”

Excellent figures of the Pleurotus ulmarius are given in Atkinson’s
Mushrooms Edible and Poisonous (on pp. 102-3). He shows two speci-
mens with long, strongly curved stems, as seen from above, from below,
and in section. The other species which he illustrates by half-tones are
Pleu-ro’-tus os-tre-a’-tus, Pleu-ro’-tus sap’-i-dus, Pleu-ro’-tus dry-i’-nus
Pleu-ro’-tus sul-fu-roi’-des and Pleu-ro’-tus pet-a-loi’-des.

59

1

gical Bulletin No. 40

Mycolo

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160 Mycelogical Bulletin No. 40 [Vol. III

Fic. 131. QPo-re’-rus re.’-Le-us. Birter Boretus. A conspicuous species, some-

what resembling the edible Boletus edulis, which is also common, Colected in the

woods of the State Farm, Lancaster, Ohio.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Val. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol.I (1903). Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

No. 41

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, September 1, 1905

An AM-A-NU/-TA NuMBER. —The great interest attaching to this genus
of Mushrooms, especially on account of numerous poisonous species, war-
rants further encroachment on our space. Hence this Number of the

BULLETIN may be devoted to some figures and comments additional touch-
ing the same.

Fic. 132. AM-A-NI’-TA VER’-NA. POISONOUS.
properties it has been called “Destroying Angel.” it is pure white, and a beautiful
species. Its annulus and volva are very conspicuous and these must always be synon-
omous with danger and death. The photo was made from a specimen collected in the

<> Woods of the State Farm, Fairfield Co., Ohio, Aug., 1903.

Because of its extremely virulent

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 29. Eatesed as Second Class Matter. Post-office at Columbus, Ohio

PIS ly

162 Mycological Bulletin No. 41 [Vol. III

THe Name Amanita.—Tirning to Saccardo’s Sylloge Fungorum we
find this explanation of the name: “Nomen fungi a Galeno inditum, forte
a monte Amano. (A name given by Galen to a fungus perhaps from
mount Amano). As to syllabification and pronunciation of the name some
authors put it thus: Am-a-ni’-ta; and others so: A-man’-i-ta. Take your

choice.

Size oF THE GENUS.—In Saceardo’s compilation 44 species are enumer-
ated for the entire world: to this might be added 25 species of Amanitop-
sis—the species of the later genus formerly being included under Aman-
ita. Perhaps there are two or three dozen of the American species. — Pro-
fessor Morgan enumerates and gives the description of 28 species_in the
Journal ef Mycology, 3: 25-33, March, 1887. Professor Peck gives 14
species in Report of the New York State Museum, 33: 38-49, 1879. C. G.
Lloyd has the same number of species in his Compilation of the Volvae of
the United States, 2-7, 1893.

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE GENUS.—It was the European mycolo-
gist, D. C. H. Persoon, who first used the name Amanita in modern bot-
any, in his “Synopsis Methodiea Fungorum,” printed in Goettingen, Ger-
many, in 1801. We will however quote the accurate description as given
by the eminent mycologist Ifries, which is as follows: “Spores white.
Veil or volva universal, at first continuous, distinct from the cuticle of the
pileus. Hymenophorum distinct from the stem. All terrestrial.”

A GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE AMANTTAS.—In Professor Peck’s Thirty-
Third Report we find a popular description exactly suited to our purpose;
we therefore transcribe the seme, regretting only that his excellent Re-
ports the earlier ones especially cannot be in the hands of all my sub-

scribers. Here is his language :-—

“The species of Amanita grow on the ground in the woods, groves
and copses. They rarely occur in open fields, unless in the vicinity of
trees or near the margin of the woods. Thin, open woods and copses
afford the most favorable localities. In the early condition the plant ts
wholly enveloped in its volva, but as it increases in size the volva is neces-
sarily ruptured. In some species, <1. caesarea, for example, the volva is
distinctly membranous, and includes the young plant as if in an oval sack.
At length the upper part of the volva is ruptured, and the pileus and stem
are exserted. Sometimes one ocr more irregular and unequal fragments
of the ruptured volva adhere to the surface of the pileus for a time, and are
carried up by it in its growth. But usually in these species the surface of
the pileus is smooth, and the remains of the ruptured volva wholly adhere
to the base of the stem or its bulb like a membranous margin, a sheath or
a lacerated cup.

(Continued in the next Number.)

1 Sept. 1905. ]

Mycological Bulletin No. 4]

164

Mycological Bulletin No. 41 [Vol. III

Another of the beautiful white
it. Please use caution. Fé.

PoIsoNous.

not even to test
‘It was collected in the open

Fic. 134. AM-A-NI’-TA SOL-I-TA‘RI-A.
species, said to be edible, but L prefer
133 shows the top of the cap of the same specimen.
woods, sandy soil, of the State larm. Fairfield Co., Ohio, Aug., 1905.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the 1st and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Val. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol.I (1903). Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

EP 18 1905

)

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN
No. 42

IV. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, September 15, 1905

(Proressor PEck’s account of the AMANITAS, continued.)

“Tn other species the volva is not distinctly membranous, but is more
floccose or scaly and friable in its character. It envelopes the young plant,
but the distinction between the pileus and bulbous base of the stem is soon
manifest, and as the stem elongates the upper part of the volva is separated
from t!e lower part, and persistently adheres to the surface of the pileus.

Fic. 135. Hyb’-NuM zo-na’-1uM. A species with a tough almost leathery tcx-
ture, having a surface of beautiful brown silky lustre, somewhat zoned and with radiat-
ing strie. The spore-bearing spines are shown in the upper flgures; two of them show
coalesccd caps though the stems are separate. The photo was made from specimens col-
lcetcd by the roadside in the wocds of the State I'arm, located in the sandstone hills
cf Fairfield Co., Ohio, Aug., 1905.

University Dulletin, Ser’es 9, No. 30. Entered as Second Class Matte1. Pcst-office at Columbus. Okio

166 Vycological Bulletin No. 42 [ Vol. III

As this expands its covering or calyptra breaks up into superficial scales or
warts. These are often angular or pyramidal in form, and sometimes
unlike the pileus in color, and afford a beautiful ornamentation. The
part that remains at the base of the stem often breaks up into mealy or
floccose scales, and sometimes wholly disappears when the plant matures.
Generally a smooth pileus indicates a perfect membranous volva, and a
warty one an imperfect: floccose or evenescent one. Sometimes, especially
after heavy rains, specimens, which normally have the pileus warty, are
found with a smooth pileus; but these are only occasional, and probably
mostly accidental cases, the warts having been washed off by the rain.

“Most of the specieS are solitary or gregarious and of moderate or
large size. The pileus, when fully expanded, is nearly plane and quite reg-
ular, so that these Agarics are among the most noble and attractive in their
appearance. Many of them have a thin pellicle or cuticle, which, in the
young or moist plant, is slightly viscid.

“The lamellae in nearly all the species are white or whitish, and free
from the stem. Usually they are narrow toward the stem, and cease just
before reaching it, thus leaving a small free space around its apex. In
many species the short ones that intervene between the long ones are ab-
ruptly terminated at their inner extremity, as if truncated or cut square off.

“The ster is usually long and well formed, and in most species is
more or less thickened or buibous at the base. In some species it is hol-
low or stuffed With cottony fibrils; in others it is solid. In the greater
nuniber of species it is furnished with a membranous ring or annulus, that
surrounds it near the top hke a Habby collar. In the young plant this is
stretched from the stem to the margin of the pileus, and wholly conceals
the lamellae. As the pileus expands the annulus breaks loose from its
attachment to the margin, and remains adhering to the stem. In some
species this rupture is not always clean and even, small portions remaining
attached to the margin. The annulus then has a lacerated or torn ap-
pearance.”

Portraits oF AMANITA.—In the BULLETIN we have given heretofore
the following species:—Amanita strobiliformis (from Atkinson) p. 56;
and A. rubescens. Here we give Amanita verna and A. solitaria. Pro-
fessor Atkinson figures, in Mushrooms Edible and Poisonous, Amanita
muscaria, A. phalloides, A. verna, A. floccocephala, A. velutipes, A.
cothurnata, A. spreta, A caesarea (colored), A. rubscens (colored)
Mclvaine gives in his book on mushrooms One Thousand American
Fungi, colored plates of Amanita spreta, A. phalloides, A. muscaria,
A. frostiana, A. chlornsoma, A. rubescens, A. strobiliformis, and a half-tone
of A. muscaria. In Nina L. Marshal’s Mushroom Book there are given
haif-tones of Amanita phalloides and A. muscaria. Professor Peck’s Re-
ports contain colored plates of some species, as Amanita caesarea, A.
rubscens, A. phalloides. A. verna, A. muscaria.

Time FoR THE Bo-Le’-tT1L.—At an early opportune time we must say
something in extenso for the numerous species of Botetus. This is the
season to study them in the field. Photographs are desired,—but the
specimens should be identified by such authorities as Peck, Morgan, Atkin-

son or Beardslee.

15 Sept. 1955.] Mycological Bulletin No. 42 167

Fic 136. CAN-THA-RE’-LUS AU-RAN-TI’-A-cUS. Orange Cantharelle. Edible. <A
common and easily recognized bright orange-colored specics that occurs from summer
to late autumn. It grows on the ground or on very rotten wood. The yellow decur-
rent gills are forked, and thepiieus is funnel-shaped, at least depressed. The margin is
strongly inrolled when young. The color may vary from deep orange to ochre-yellow,
often brownish at the centre. Plants from which the illustration is made were col-

lected in open, mcist, shady, rich woods near Columbus, Ohio, Aug., 1905.

1€8 Mycological Bulletin No. 42 [Vol. ITI

Fic. 137. Bo-vr’-tus e-pu’-Lts. Episte Boretus. This is one of the very large
species of Boleti, growing in open woods along their borders, and in open places. It
is abundant in warm, wet weather of summer and early autumn. The color of the cap

may be dull reddish, reddish-brown, tawny-brown or yellowish. The tubes are white at
first, then become greenish-yellow, or yetlow when mature. The flesh is white or tinged
with yellow. The short stem may or may not be enlarged at the base. ‘The ha.t-tone was
made from a photograph of a specimen collected on the State Farm, margin of woods,
Fairfield Co., Ohio, August, 10905. :

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the 1st and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Val. I (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol.I (1903). Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

Lo)
i
2»

vo

~ >)

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

No. 43

W. A. Keilerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, October 1, 1905.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.—The four half-tones in this No. of the BULLETIN
were kindly loaned by the Connecticut Geological and Natural History
Survey, to whom we extend thanks for the privilege of using them. They
were made from photographs by Professor Edward Albert White of the
Connecticut Agricultural College.

Proressor WHITE’s HyMENALES OF CONNEcTICUT.—This is Bulletin
No. 3 of the Survey referred to in the foregoing paragraph, which is given
as a Preliminary Report. It is an annotated list of the Mushrooms of
Connecticut accompanied by forty beautiful half-tones printed on heavy
plate paper, four samples ot which we give in this Number.

Fic 138. Hy-cropu’-0-rRus con’-I-cus.—Cenical Hygrophorus. Natural size. Cap
conical, acute, often lobed, yellow or tinged with crimson. Photograph by Edward

Albert White, Counecticut. Cut taken by permission from the Bulletin of the Con-

_nceticut Grolegical and Natural History Survcy.

University Dulletin. Series 9. No. 31. Entered as Second Class Matte1. Post-office at Columbus, Ohio

[If

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No. 43

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170

1 Oct. 1905.1 Mycological Bulletin No. 43 171

ric. 140. Po-Ly’-po-RUS BET-U-LI’-NUS. Birch Polyporus. Reduced one-half.

Acknowledgement page 169.

172 Mycological Bulletin Ne. 43 [Vola

CREP-I-D0’-TUS MAL-A’-CHI-US. Natural size. Acknowledgement page 169.

Fic. 141,

Tue Hatr-Tones in this Number of the BULLETIN are to be found in
the Report referred to above, the originals being found as here indicated,
namely,

Our Figure 138 is Plate XIII, 1. c., page 34.

Our Figure 139 is Plate XVII, 1. c., page 37.

Our Figure 140 is Piate XXX VIII, }. c., page 65.

Our Figure 141 is Plate XXII, l. c., page 43.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Val. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol. I (1903). Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN
No. 44 aN

IV. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, October 15, 1905

Tus is A Potyrorus Numpber.—-We find an excellent mycological
glossary and classified list of descriptive terms by Dr. Wm. A Murrill,
N. Y. Bot. Garden, published in Torreya, which has particular advantages
to the student of the Polyporaceae—hence we present it below.

Moreover, Murrii!’s key to the perennial species of Polyporaceae will
prove of value to many of the BULLETIN readers—that also we copy with
acknowledgements to the author, and magazire from which it is taken.

It will be noticed that Dr. Murrill has wisely or unwisely split up
the old genus Polyporus s, and, therefore, several new generic names will
be encountered in the key.

’ The two illustrations show one of our commonest species of Polyporus;
others of these conspicuous fungi will be given in future Numbers.

KEY TO THE PERENNIAL POLYPORACEAE.
(Adapted from Murrill in Torreya, Nov. 1904)

mimaneniue at iirst. coticealed by a volva .......:s:.00e.0- Cryptoporus.
tiymenium free from the frst (a).
(a). Surface covered with reddish varnish, context corky....
ET ta a cheat Nee eas Ma TR EP ee oe be Ganoderma.
(a). Surface not colored with reddish varnish, or, if so, context
woody (Ll).
fo atontext and tubes white or pallid. p2. oi. 2... Fomes.
(b). Context and tubes brown or dark red (c).
(c’ Hymenophore subsessile, caespitose, arising from
a common trunk or tubercle..............Globifomes.
(c). Hymenophore truly sessile, dimidiate or ungulate,
simple or imbricate (@).
(d). Pileus covered with a horny crust, context
RELM eae er repent atestsee NCu er NeNae See iales sisi Sie Elfvingia.
(d). Pileus not covered with a horny crust or if
encrusted, context woody, ferruginous..Pyropolyporus.
Coppa eoutext dank purple: or black... 5.2.0.5... Nigrofomes.

Terms APPLIED TO THE SURFACE AND SURFACE APPENDAGES OF FUNGI.
: (Copicd from Murrill, in Torreya, April 1905.)

For words not explained here, see the Mycological Glossary previously
published in this BULLETIN.

1. Relating ylanate, plane,*! glabrous, smooth, even, de-
pressed, concave, expanded,? explanate, contorted, convex, compressed,
resupinate, crustaceous.

2. Relating to texture :—mucedinous, confervoid, fibrous, gelatinous,
tremelloid,* soft, waxy, sebaceous, ceraceous, fleshy, carnose, membran-
eus, membranaceous, spongy, bibulous, hygrometric, scariose,? scarious,
papery,papyraceous, chartaceous, crustaceous, carbonaceous, cartilaginous,
leathery, coriaceous, corky, suberose, woody, ligneous, indurated, bony,
osseous, horny, corneous, rigescent,! rigid, elastic, anoderm,° tunicate,

> pelliculose, 6 corticate, encrusted, pellicle, cortex, peridium.

S *Terms prinicd in italics are practically synonymous with those preceding them.
re

Norr.—1, flat; 2. spread cut; 3, dry and membranous; 4, nearly rigid; 5, without
G@Da-crust or skin.

a Pic The
ss University Bulletin. Ser’es 9, No. 32. Entered as Second Class Mattes. Pest-office at Columbus. Ohio
_)
=)

174 Mycological Bulletin No. 44 [Vol. III

3. Relating to color due to texture :—opaque, pallid, pallescent,*
hygrophanous, polished, unctious,’ translucent, /iyalescent, pellucid, hya-
line, diaphanous, lucid, transparent, vitreons.

TERMS APPLIED TO THE MARGIN.

Immarginate, truncate, abrupt,* obtuse, rotund, tumid, acute, patent,’
recurved, veflexed, revolute, involute, undulate, striatulate,9 striate;
entire, repand, stnuate, determinate,1° diffuse, effuse, indeterminate,
byssoid.!11 byssaceous, penicillate, ciliate, fimbrillate, fimbriate, laciniate,
lacinulate, Jacinulose, pectinate, cirrhose,!* appendiculate; serrulate,
serrate, deniticulate, dentate, crenulate, crenate, erose,!3 eroded,
premorse, lacerate, fissile,14 lobulate, lobed, Jobate, incised, dissected,
muitifid, proliferous.t4 merismoid.

TERMS APPLIED TO SURFACE MARKINGS.

1. Rounded Markings.

a). Dots:—-punctate, guttulate, guttate, maculate, maculose,16

(b). Depressions :—umbilicate, pitted, foveate,* foveolate, alveo-
late.17 favose, lacunose, scrobiculate,!8 porose, cribrose,!9 latticed, clath-
rate.

(c). Elevations :—papilate, padillose,* postulate, tuberculate, ver-
ruculose,29 verrucose, nodulose, colliculose,?! callose, bullate,?2 intum-
escent, tumid, gibbous, strumose,?3 subumbonate, wmbonulate, umbonate,
bossed.

2. Elongated Markings.

(a). 'rregular:—sinuous, flexuose, tortuous, nebulose,?4 mar-
bled, rivulose,?5 rugulose,*6 rugose, wrinklcd.* labyrinthine, corrugated;
rimulose,?? rimose.

(b). Regular:—connuent, anastomosing, radiating, radiant.*
radiate, concentric, circinate; reticulate, arcolate, tessellate, tesselated;
plicatulate, plicate, virgate,?§ vittate,29 costate; grooved, channeled, canali-
culate; annulate, zonate, soncd, fasciated.29 sulcate, gyrose, gyrate.

TERMS APPLIED TO SURFACE COVERINGS.

1. Mucilage :—viscid, glutinous,* glairy, slimy, mucilaginous, varnish-
ed, vernicose, laccate,

2. Powder:—-pruinose, glaucous,* dealbate,3! farinose, pulverulent,
pulveraccous, granular.

3. Scales :—-furfuraceous, chaffy, micaceous, squamulose, squamose,
scaly,* imbricate, imbricated, sauarrulose, squarrose

4. Elairs

(a). Kinds of hairs:—obsolete, evanescent, fagacious, persistent,
appressed, innate, filamentous, arachnoid, flaccid. /Jar,* fascicled, ramose.

(b). Fine hairs:—elabrate, glabrescent, naked, calvous,* hoary,
canescent, incanows, incanescent, satiny, silky, sericeous, puberulent,pu-
bescent, downy, velvety, velulinous.

(c). Coarse hairs:-—fibrillose. villose, pilose, piliferous,* tomer-
tose, tomentous, hirtellous, hirsute, shaggy, stupose,?? wooly, lanate, floc-
culose, floccose, focculent, comose.®3

(d). Stiff hairs :—-hispidulous, septulose, barbulate, strigose,?4
bearded, barbed,* setose. seligerous, setaceous, bristly, hispid, echinate.

5. Sharp elevations :—scabridous,*® scabrid,* scabrous, scabrate, as-
perate, exasperate, muricate, aculeolate aculeate, spinose.

Nore.—6, covered with a thin layer; 7, of oily appearance; 8, spreading
(of margin); 9, minutely striate: 10. having a distinct outline (of margin); 11, cob-
webby; 12, with a wavy, thread-like appendage; 138, edge ragged as if torn or bitten:
14, may be split; 15, producing offshoots; 16, spotted; 17, like a honey-comb; 18,
deeply and irregularly pitted; 19, perforated; 20, with minute wart-like elevations;
21, with hillock-like elevations; 22, blistered; 23, swollen on one side; 24, clouded;
25, with fine, wavy grooves; 26, minutely wrinkled; 27, minutely cracked; 28, streaked;
29, longitudinally strined of ridged; 30, with broad parallel stripes; 31, covered with
a white bloom; 32, with matted tow-like hairs; 33, with a tuft of hairs; 34, covered
with small bristles; 35, somewhat rough with minute points or short hairs.

*Terms printed in ffalics are practically synonymous with those preeeding them,

i)

44

Mycological Bulletin No.

1905]

15 Oct.

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176 Mycological Bulleiin Ne. 44 [Vol. III

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Fr

“The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Val. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol. I (1903). Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

NOV 20 1905

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

No. 45
W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, November 1, 1905

A BactertA Numper—Though these plants would not be called
Mushrooms or Toadstools, the Bacteria are fungi and very interesting be-
sides. The group is very large and only a few species are pathogenic—
that is, diseasé-producing. The great majority are harmless to man, but
that is telling only half the truth; they are in fact directly or indirectly
most beneficial to us. In the [economy of Nature their role is most sig
nicant because they disintegrate organic matter and hand back the ele-
ments to the mineral kingdom; they prepare the bountiful supply of
plant food—thus indirectly making our existence possible. But no space
can here be spared to discuss these important organisms or to describe
their life cycle. Suffice it to add that many if not most plant diseases are
caused by Bacteria. The important publication mentioned in the next
number has suggested that this matter be taken up incidentally and some
illustrations furnished.

Vig. 144. Bac-re’-rt-uM pruU’-NI—This is the earliest stage of fruit spot on green
plums. The bacteria have entered through the stomate as the section of the fruit
highly magnified shows. From Erwin I. Smith’s Lacteria in Relation to Plant
Diseases.

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 33. ‘Enteted as Second Class Matter. Post-oflice at Columbus, Ohio

ws

174 Mycological Bulletin No. 45 [Vol. TT

LIST OF MUSHROOM KEYS:

This list includes the commoner accessible keys which beginners,
amateurs and students of Mushrooms will ordinarily desire to use. It
includes practically all of the conspicuous fungi—at any rate those which
are generally spoken of as Mushrooms.

Amanita.
Lloyd; Volvae of U. S. 3, 4, 5, 6. 1898.
Mellvaine; One Thousand American Fungi, 6. 1900.
Morgan; Journal of Mycology, 3:25. March 1887.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 23:68, 1873; 53:40-1, 1880; 48:310, 1895.
Amanitopsis.
Beardslee; Notes on the Amanitas of So. Appalachians. Parti.
Lloyd Library, Sept. 1902.
Lloyd; Volvae of the U. S., 8, 9. 1895.
Agaricaceae (Genara).
Atkinson; Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc., 308.
Nina L. Marshall; Mushrcom Book, 32, 1901.
Underwood; Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms, 1899.
(Genera). White; Conn. Geol. & Nat. Surv. Bull., 3:17, 1905.
Agaricales (Families).
Nina L. Marshall; Mushroom Book, 30, 1901.
Underwood; Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms, 98, 1899.
Agaricineae (Sections).
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus.; 48:231, 1895.
Agaricini (Genera).
Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 6:55, 1883.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:67, 1873.
Agaricus.
(Natural tribes). Lloyd sec W. G. Smith; Volvae of the U. S., 19.
Mellvaine; One Thousand American Fungi, 332, 1900.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 48:23.) 1895.
Armillaria.
(Tribes). McIlvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 52, 1900.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 43:41, 44, 1890.
Ascomycetes.
(Orders). Nina L. Marshall; Mushroom Book, 18. 1901.
(Genera). Nina L. Marshall; Mushroom Book, 20, 1901.
(Orders). Underwood; Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms, 35, 1899.
Auriculariales (Families).
Underwood; Moulds, Mildews and! Mushrooms, 94, 1899.
Basidiomycetes (Orders).
Nina L. Marshall; Mushroom Book, 22, 1901.
Underwood; Moulds. Mildews and Mushrooms, 94, 1899.
Black-spored Agarics [Melanosporae] (Genera). See Agaricaceae. Ag-
aricini.
Bolbitius (See Coprineae).
3oletaceae (Genera).
Nina L. Marshall; Mushroom Book, 44, 102, 1901.
Peck; Bull. N. Y. State Mus., 2:74, Sept. 1889.
Underwood; Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms, 106, 1899.
Boletinus.
Nina L. Marshall; Mushroom Book, 103, 1901.
Mellvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 398, 1900.
Boletus.
McIlvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 406, 421, 423, 430, 436, 438,
444, 453, 459, 466, 471, 1900.
(Tribes). Meilvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 404, 1900.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:127, 1873;.37:58, 1884; 48:292, 1895
Bull. N. Y. State Mus., 1:58, May, 1887; 2/82, 83, 106, 114, 123,
131, 138, 145, 151, Sept, 1889.
CONTINUED IN NEXT NUMDPER.

1 Nov. 1905.] Mycological Bulletin No. 45 175

BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DrsEAsEs.—This is the title of a
work of 285 pages—the same (Volume 1) being devoted to methods of
work and literature. We show some of the illustrations by permission
of the author; the electros were kindly placed at our disposal by the

Carnegie Institution of Washington, taken from the work issued as their

ce)

“Publication No. 27.

STRREWER a

ig. 145. Bac-Te’-RI-UM MAL-VA-CE-A’-RUM— Early stage of infection through a
Stomate of a leaf of the Cotton plant. From Erwin F. Smith’s Bacteria in Relation

to Plant Diseases.

176 Mycological Bulletin No. 45 [Vol. It

ig. 146. Ba-cri’-Lus CA-RO-TO-vo’-RuUS—This shows the Bacteria betwee cells
in the carrot, very highly magnified. Irom Erwin F. Smith’s Bacteria in Relation
to Plant Diseases.

To those not familiar with the classification of the Bacteria it may be said that
there are several genera recognized by botanists. In a general way we may say the
spherical forms are called Micrococcus, the oval or short forms are called Bacterium.
the oblong or elongated forms are Bacillus, and the spiral forms belong to the genus
Spirillum.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the 1st and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Vol. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol.I (1903). Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

No.46

IV. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Olio, Novenber 15, 1905

Tue HALFTroNES PRESENTED—They are designed to call attention to
publications that may be interesting to many parties. The cut showing
Bacteria pertains to what was mentioned in the previous Bulletin. The
figures of Collybia and Mycena are taken from an edition of the
MusuHroom Boox dated 1905. The publishers, Doubleday, Page and Co.,
apparertly row include this volume in their Natural History Library. It
differs from the early edition only in having about one and a half dozen
additional halftones. These are good figures as the two samples testify
which we here show through the kindness of the publishers. The list of
additioral figures is as follows: Amanitopsis strangulata, Mycena galer-
iculata. Lepiota grarnosa, Collybia maculata, Collybia platyphylla, Clitocybe
illudens, Agaricus campestris, Cortinarius caninus, Cortinarius armillatus,
Hydnum coralloides, Clavaria ligula, Strobilomyces strobilaceus, Boletus
felleus, Boletus scaber, Polyporus fomentarius, Calostoma (four species)
Leotia lubrica, Tremellodon gelatinosum, Peziza aurantia, Peziza odorata,
and Panus strigosus.

ae

Fig. 147. Bac-TE’-RI-uM prRu’-nNI. This represents a stage in the innoculation
LOD of the tissue of the plum somewhat more advanced than that shown in Fig. 144. The
&) Pacteria here abundant in the mesophyll are supposed to have entered through the
©) stomates, three of which appear in the section. The figure is taken from [Erwin
*. Smith’s Bacteria in Relation to Plant Diseases.

University Bul’etin, Series 9, No. 34, Entered as Second Class Matte1. Pest-office at Columbus. Ohio

NOV 201

178 Mvyocological Bulletin No. 46 [Vot. III

LIST OF MUSHROOM KEYS.

CONTINUED FROM PRECEDING NUMBER.
Bovistae.

Lloyd; Myc. Notes [200] No. 12:114, Dec., 1902.
Brown-spored Agarics. (Same as purplish or brown-spored Agarics.)
Catastoma.

Kellerman; Jour. Mycol., 9:239, Dec. 1903.

Lloyd; Myc. Notes [214] No. 13:121, Feb., 1903.

Cantharellus.
(Tribes). McIlvaine; One Thorsand Am. Fungi, 215, 1900.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:121, 1873; 37:35, 1884. Bull. N.Y.
State Mus., 1:35, May. 1887.
Clathraceae (Genera).

Underwood; Moulds, Miidews and Mushrooms, 132, 1899.
Claudopus.

Mellvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 266, 1900.

Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 39:67, 1886.

Clavaria.
(Tribes). McIlvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 513, 1900.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 24:104, 1873.

Clavariaceae (Genera).

Mellvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 511, 1900.

Underwood; Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms, 102, 1899.
Clitocybe.

(Tribes). McIlvaine; One Thovsand Am. Fungi, 83, 1900.

Morgan: Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat.. Hist., 6:67, 1883.

Peck; Rep. N. Y State Mvs., 23:76, 1873; 48:270, 1895.
Clitopilus.

Beardslee; Jour. Mycol. 11:109, May. 1905; Mycol. Bull., 3:146,

July, 1905. ; .
Mellvaire; One Thousard Am. Funei, 255, 1900.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 42:40, 1889.

Collybia.

Lloyd; Mycol. Notes, 34, 37, 41, Dec., 1900.

(Tribes). McIlvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 112, 1900.

Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 6:70, 1883.

Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23: 78, 1873.

Coprinarii. (See Black-spored Agarics.)
Coprineae.

Earle; Torreya, 2:37-40, March, 1902.
Coprinus.

(Tribes). Mcllvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 369, 1900,

Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:103, 1873; 48:241, 1895.
Coprinus. (See Coprineae. )

Cortinarius.

Earle; Torreya, 2:169+172, 180-3, Nov., Dec., 1902.

(Tribes). Mecllvaine; One Thousand Am, Fungi, 307, 1900.

Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:105, 107, 108, 110) ‘Di2;siisia:

48:245, 1895.

Kauffman; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 32:303, 318, June, 1905.
Craterellus.

Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 37:45, 1884. Bull. N. Y. State Mus.

1:45, May, 1887.

Dermini [Cchre-spored] (Genera).

Morgan; four. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 6:100, 1883.

See also Agaricaceae, Agaricini. :
Discomycetes (Genera).

Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 48:221, 1895.

15 Noy. 1905.] Myocological Bulletin No. 46 179

Entoloma.
(Tribes). McIlvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 250, 1900.

Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 6:99, 1883.
Flammula (Tribes).

Mellvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 287, 1900.

Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:90, 1873.
Fomes.

Murrill; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 30:225-6, April, 1903.
Fungi (Classes).

Nina L. Marshall; Mushroom Book, 16, 1901.

Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 6:54, 1883.
Galera.

Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:92, 1873; 46:62, 1893.

4

~)
D
~}

CONTINUED IN NEXT NUMBER.

List oF MusHroom Keys—We began in the preceding No. of the
BULLETIN a list of accessable KEys which in many cases will doubtless
prove useful to students of Mushrooms. It is not intended to be a com-
plete list, but it is hoped that not many important groups have been
omitted. The list will be continued through several Numbers.

Fig. 148. CoL-Ly’-BI-A PLAtT-y-PHYL’-LA—Broad-gilled Collybia. A white-spored
edible Agaric of easy recognition by the very broad gills. There is no volva and no
ring in any of the Collybias. This mushroom is whitish, varying to grayish brown
or dark brown. Atkinson says the plant somewhat resembles certain species of
fricholoma and care should be used in selecting it in order to avoid the suspected
species of Tricholoma. The figure is taken with permission of the publishers from
Nina L. Marshall’s Mushroom Book.

180 Mvyocelogical Bulletin No. 46 [Vol. IIf

Pig. 149. My-cCre’-NA GA-!.ER-1C-U-LA’-TA—This is said to be acommon species of sum
mer and autumn growing on dead logs, stumps, branches, etc., in the woods. It is
usually clustered; the slender hollow stems are hairy at the base. The caps are gray
or brown. The figure is taken by permission of the publishers from Nina L. Marshall's

Mushroom Book.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Val. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol.I (1903). Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

No.47
W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, December 1, 1905

C. G. Lioyn’s MycotceicaL Notres.—Only beginners need be told :
that Mr. C. G. Lloyd of Cincinnati knows all about Puffballs and some REN?
other things too, and that he publishes and distributes gratis to the BE
devoted a periodical under the above name. Twenty Nos. have been
issucd. to show what he is doing im the way of half-tone illustrations
we have borrowed some cuts and show them on two pages of this
Number. They are figs. 150, 151 and 152.

: Fic. 150 lWLy-co-wER’-DON TES-SEL-LA’TUM. From Lloyd’s Myc. Notes.

Le)
se)
L=>>)
ie
—
Fic. 151 Ly-co-rver’-pDON GEM-MA’-TUM. From Lloyd’s Myc. Notes.
eae SA EE Toes
Ls University Bulletin. Series 9, No. 35. Entered as Second Class Matte1. Post-oflice at Columbus. Ohio

D

182 Mycological Bulletin No. 47 | Vol. III

LIST OF MUSHROOM KEYS.
CONTINUED FROM PRECEDING NUMBER.

Gasteromycetes.
(Families). McIlvaine; Ore Thousand Am. Fungi, 569, 1900.
(Orders). Nina L. Marshall; Mushroom Book, 24, 1901.

(Orders). Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 12:143, Jan., 1889.

Gomphidius. (See Hygrophoreae.)
Hebeloma.
(Tribes). McIlvaine; Cne Vhousand Am. Fungi, 283, 1900.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:95, 1873.
Helvellaceae (Genera).
Mellvaire; One lhousard Am. [Fungi, 534, 1900
Helvellales (Families and Genera).
Underwood; Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms, 63, 1899.
Hydnaceae (Genera).
Underwood; Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms, 103, 1899
Hydrei (Genera).
Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 10:7, 1887.
Hydnum (Tribes).
Mellvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 494, 1900.
Hygrophoreae.
F. S. Earle; Torreya, 2:53-4, 73-4, Apr., May, 1902.
Hyegrophorus.
(lribes). McIlvaine; Ore Thousard Am. Fungi, 148, 190€0.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:112, 1873.
Hymeniales (Families).
White; Conn. Geolog. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull., 3:12, 1905.
Hymenogastrales (Genera).
Underwood; Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms, 135, 1899.
Hymenomycetes (Families).
Atkinson; Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc., 307.
Atkinson and Stoneman; A Provisional Key to the Genera
Hymenomycetes, 1-16, Oct., 1898.
Mellvaine; Orne Thousand Am. Fungi, 1, 1900.
Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 6:55, 183.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 48:230, 1595.
Hypholoma
Mellvaine; One Thousard Am. Fungi, 353, 355, 1900.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:98, 1873.
Hyphorodii [Rosy-spored Agarics] (Genera).
Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat Hist., 6:97, 1883.
See also Agaricaceae, Agaricini.
Inocybe.
Earle; Torreya, 3:168-170, 183-4, Nov., Dec., 1903.
Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist. 6:104, 1883.
Lactarius.
F. S. Earle; Torreya, 2:139-41, 152-4, Oct., 19€2.
(Tribes). McIlvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 162, 1900.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:114, 1873; 38:113, 1885.
Lepiota.
(Tribes). McIlvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 34, 1900.
Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 6:60, 1883.
Peck; Rep N. Y. State Mus., 23:70, 1873.
Lentinus.
Earle; Torreya, 3:35-8, March, 1903.
(Tribes). Mcllvaine; One ‘Vhousand Am. Fungi, 229, 1900.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:126, 1873:
Leucosporae [White-spored Agarics] (Genera).
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 48:252, 1895.
See also Agaricaceae and Agaricini.

of

1 Dec. 1905] Mycological Bulletin No. 47 183

Lycoperdaceae (Genera).

Mellvaine: One Thousand Am. Fungi, 577, 1900
Morgan; Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 12:9, April, 1889.
Underwood; Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms, 138, 1899.

Lycoperdales (Genera).

Nina L. Marshall; Mushroom Book, 28, 1901.

Lycoperdon.

McIlvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 590, 1900.
Morgan; Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 13:6, April, 1891.

Marasmius.
(Tribes). MelIlvaine; Ore Thousard Am. Fungi, 221, 1900.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:124, 1873.

Melanosporae [{Black-spored Agarics] (Genera).
See Agaricaceae. Agaricini.

Mitremyces.

Lloyd; Myc. Notes (218) No. 13:125, Feb., 1903.

Morchella.

Kellerman; Myc. Bull., 1:6, March 25, 1903.
Nina L. Marshall; Mushroom Book, 102, 1901.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 48:222, 1895.

Mycena.

(Tribes). McIlvaine: One Thousand Am. Fungi, 224, 1900.
Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 6:73, 1883.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:80, 1873.

Naucoria.
(Tribes). McIlvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 294, 1900.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:91, 1873.

Nidulariaceae.

(Genera). Underwood; Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms, 142, 1899.
V. S. White; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 29:254, May, 1902.
Ochre-spored Agarics |[Ochrosporae| (Genera).
See Agaricaceae, Agaricini, Dermini.
Ochrosporae [Ochre-spored] (Genera).
See Agaricaceae, Agaricini, Dermini.

Omphalia.

(Tribes). Me!lvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 133, 1900.
Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 6:75, 1883.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23.84, 1873; 45:33, 1893.

Panaeolus.

Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:100, 1873.

Panus.

Earle; Torreya, 3:86-7, June, 1903.
Paxillus.
(Tribes). McIlvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 326, 1900.
Peck; Rep N. Y. State Mus., 37:30, 1884. Bull. N. Y. State Mus.,
1:30, May, 1887.

Periconia.

F.S. Earle; Bull. N. Y. State Bot. Garden, 2:(332), 25, April, 1902.

Peziza (Tribes).

MelIlvaine: One Thousand Am. Fungi, 552, 1900.

Pezizales (Families).

Underwood; Moulds, Mildews ard Mushrooms, 51, 1899.

Phallaceae (Genera).

Urderwood; Moulds, Mildews ard Mushrooms, 132, 1899.

Phallales.

(Families ard Gerera). Nina L. Marshall; Mushroom Book, 26, 1901.

(Families). Underwood; Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms, 132, 1899.
Phalloideae (Genera).

Mellvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 570, 1900.

Morgan; Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 12:144, Jan., 1889.

CONTINUED IN NEXT NUMBER.

184 Mycological Bulletin No. 47 [Vol. Ill

ic. 152 Ly-co-pER’-DON Pi-RI-FOR’-ME. From Lleyd’s Myce. Notes.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
Of Val. II (1904) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies
remain of Vol.1 (1903). Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

1 11905

DEC

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

No. 48 BRAR

NEW Y(

WW. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University BOTANICAI

~ < A S Ee ZARPNRE
Columbus, Ohio, December 15, 1905 UAKVE

ENp cr Votume III.—The plan and scope of the BULLETIN as
exhibited by the successive current Numbers seem to have the ap-
proval of those interested. The year 1905 then will require no change.
Subscribers will receive notice of their dues annually. While the
subscription price is 25 cents a year, 50 cents each will be charged
for the few remaining copies ot preceding volumes; when bound in
cloth the price is 75 cents.

FRONTISPIECE.—It is a pleasure to present the portrait of one of
Ingland’s pioneer Mycologists, Dr. M. C. Cooke. Though living
yet and interested in Mushrooms, his most important work was done
Over a quarter of a century ago.

LIST OF MUSHROOM KEYS.
CONCLUDED FROM PRECEDING NUMBER.

Phallus.
Mellvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 571, 1900.
Phohiota.
(Tribes). McIlvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 269, 1900.
Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 6:101, 1883.
Pleurotus.
(Tribes). McIlvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 135, 1900.
Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 6:77, 1883.
Peck; Rep: N. Y. State Mus., 39:59, 1886; 48:275, 1895.
Pleuteolus.
Earle; Torreya, 3:124-5, Aug. 1903.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 46:59, 1893.
Pluteus.
Mellvaine; Qne Thousand Am. Fungi, 243, 1900.
Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 6:97, 1883.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:61, 86, 1873; 38:134, 1885.
Polyporaceae (Subfamilies).
Murrill; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 32 :353, 1905.
Polyporaceae (Genera).
Atkinson; Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, ete., 171.
Mellvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 396, 1900,
Nina I.. Marshall; Mushroom Book, 42, 1901.
Marrill; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 32 :353, 364, 370, 469, 485, 490, 491,
1905.
Underwood: Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms, 104,1899.

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 36. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, Ohio

N

186 Mycological Bulletin No. 48 [Vol. Ill

Polyporaceae.
Murrill; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 29 :601, 19C2; 30:109, 225, 297, 426, 1903;
31:30, 326, 334, 342, 416, 427, 594, 1904; Torreya, 4:165, Nov., 1904;
5:28. 43, Feb:. March, 1905.
Polyporus.
(Vribes.) McIlvaine; One Thousand Am, Iungi, 479, 1900.
Pratelli [Purplish or Brown-spored Agarics|] (Genera).
Mornoan our (GinseSOGw Nate leliste Gril slisso.
See Agaricaceae, Agaricini.
Psalliota.
Peck; Rep: N. Y. State Mus., 23:97, 1893; 36:42, 1883.
See also Agaricus.
Psathyrella. :
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:102, 1873.
Psilocybe.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:99, 1875.
Purplish or Brown-spored Agarics [Porphyrosporae] (Gerera).
See Agaricaceae, Agaricini, Pratelll.
Rhodosporae [Rosy-spored Agarics] (Genera).
See Agaricaceae. Agaricini.
Rosy-spored Agarics [Rhodosporae| (Genera).
See Agaricaceae, Agaricini, Hyporhodii.
Russula.
Earle; Torreya, 2:101-3, 117-9, July, Aug., 1902.
(Tribes). Mcl!lvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 186, 1900.
Pecks Rep, Ne YouState Viliiss. 23ca20) asia:
Sclerodermataies (Genera).
Urderwood; Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms, 143, 1899
Stropharia.
Earle; Torreya, 3:24, Feb., 1903.
(Tribes). Mcl!lvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 349, 1900.
Thelephoraceae (Genera).
Mcllvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 506, 1900.
Underwood; Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms, 100, 1899.
Thelephorei (Genera).
Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 11:18, 1888.
Tremellaceae (Genera).
Mellvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 526, 1900.
Tremellales (Families and Genera).
Underwood; Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms, 95, 1899.
Tricholoma. :
(Tribes). Mcilvaine; One Thousand Am. Fungi, 59, 1900.
Morgan; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 6:65, 1883.
Peck; Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 23:73, 1873; 44:39, 40, 44, 52, 56, Gij
1891; 48:266, 1895.
Tuberales (Families).
Underwood; Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms, 51, 1899.
Tylostomeae (Genera),
Lloyd; Myc. Notes (233) No. 14:133, March, 1903.
Volvaria.
Lloyd; Volvae of U. S., 10, 1898.
Mellvaine: One Thousand Am. [ungi, 239, 1900.
White-spored Agarics [Leucosporae] (Genera).
See Agaricaceae, Agaricini, Leucosporae.

15 Dec. 1905] Mycological Bulletin No. 48 187
IDE x TOOVOLUME Ill [Pp.'97-188:]

SUBJECTS.
Acknowledgements, 120, 129, 145 Lepiota morgani, 134
169, 177 ~Lloyd’s Mycological Notes, 1S]
Amanita Number, 161, 162,165,166 | Morchella bispora, 149, 151
Bacteria Number, 173 Morels, 150
Basidiomycetes, Orders, 128 Morel. two-spored, 149
Beardslee on the Rhodosporae, 145 Mushroom Keys, List, 174, 178
Bell Omphalia, 153 182, 183, 185, 186
Calostoma, 112. Mycological Glossary, 98, 102, 110
Classifeation, 125 114, 118, 122, 126, 134
Clitopilus, 146. New Departure, 97
Crepidotus, 113. Omphalia, 150
Discomycetes, 142 Omphalia campanella, 153
Editor’s Notes, 99, 100, 120, 125 Parasitic Fungi, ila ge
138, 140, 140, 185 Peronospora, 108
Elm Pueurotus, 15S Peronospora, Grape Mildew, 151
Fairy Ring, 105 Pezizas again, 141
Glossary, Mycological, 98,102,110 Pleurotus, 157
114, 118, 122, 126, 134 Pleurotus ulmarius, 158
Grape Mildew, 151 Polyporaceae, Key, ifr
Gyromitra esculenta, 1!z7 Polyporus Number, 173
Gyromitra, esculenta poisonous, Psilocybe, 109
123 Purpose, 99
Harpochytrium, 111 Rhodosporae, 145
Hymeniales of Connecticut, 168 Rosy-spored Agarics, 145
Hyphoioma, 121. = Strobilomyces, 101
Keys for Mushrooms, List, 174 Terms applied to Fungi, 73
178, 182, 183, 185, 186 Terms illustrated, aM
Key to the Polyporaceae, 173,174 Two-spored Morel, 149
Key to the species of Clitopilus, Volvaria, 129

145
ILLUSTRATIONS.

Amanita verna 161 Collybia platyphylla, 179
Amanita solitaria, 163, 164 Collybia radicata, 138
Armellaria mellea. 104, 118 Crepidotus malachius, TAY
Bacillus carotovorus, 176,176 bis Crepidotus versutus, 101
Bacterium malvacearum, 175 bis Galera sphagnum, 116
Bacterium pruni, 173 bis, 177 Grape Mildew, 150
Boletus edulis, 168 Gyromitra esculenta, 123
Boletus felleus, 160 Jlarpochytrium, 111
Botryosporium pulchrum, 99 Helveila crispa, 136
Cantharellus aurantiacus, 167 Helvella elastica, 136
Clitocybe multiceps, 148. Hydnum erinaceus, 120
Clitocybe odora, 170 = Hydnum zonatum, 165
Clitopilus orcella, 148 Hypholoma appendiculatum, 121
Clitopilus abortivus, 147. ~=WHygrophorus conicus, 169

188 Mycological Bulletin No. 48 [Vol. II
LLepiota morgan, 155, 156 Phyllachora mexicana, 117
Lycoperdon piriforme, 184 Pholiota unicolor, 144
Lycoperdon tesselatum, 181 Pleurotus ulmarius, 157, 159
Morchella hybrida, 185 Pluteus cervinus, 134
Merulius rubellus, 109 Polyporus arculariformis, 125
Morchella bispora, 149 Polyporus betulinus, 171
Morchella conica, 35 Polyporus hydnoides, 127
Mvycena galericulata, 180 Polyporus versicolor, 175; a
Mycological terms illustrated, 189 Psilocybe ammophilus, 97
Myxomycetes, 140 Rhytisma concavum, plalis:
Omphalia campanella, 153 Sphaerosoma echinulatum, 102
Omphalia umbellifera, 152. Strobilomyces strobilaceus, 100
Peronospora floerkeae, 107. Tricholoma melaleucum, 119, 124
Peronospora, Grape Mildew, 150 Urnula craterium, 105
Peziza coccinea, 141. Volvaria bombycina, 129
Phyllosticta asiminae, 142 Volvaria pusilla, 137

| Enp or VOLUME III.

Mycological Bulletin

(Nos. 49 to 72)

Reise g

Volume IV.
1906
‘ LIBRARY
PIE NEW YORK
BOTANICAL
GARDEN.

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D.

Ohio State University

Pek

COLUMBUS, OHIO
PRESS OF VANCE-POLAND Co.
1906

THE EMINENT MYCOLOGIST OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

Mycological Bulletin
No. 49

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, January 1, 1906.

ANoTHER Notion.—For a few months we will devote regularly a IBRAR’
page, or as much thereof as may seem fitting, to quotations from various
authors touching on matters or mycological interest. Many of course will ‘EW YOR

get these articles in other journals that come regularly to their tables or sopanyc,
encounter them in mushroom books, but I aim in spite of this to main- : az
tain the established character of the BULLETIN, to-wit, that is designed GAP OU
first and foremost for the benefit of beginners and amateurs who presum-
ably have not large libraries nor files of all the botanical jourrals. The
illustrations will be the prominent feature as heretofore and two or three

ae

11 1905

ig 153—PAN-AE’-0-LUS Ep-I-My’-cES PECK, see text of Bulletin No. 49 [“‘Quotation’’]
for explanation of this Mushroom. Drawings by Helen Shooman, Wisconsin Univcr-

= sity.
= University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 37. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-Office at Columbus. Ohio

194 Mycelogical Bulletin No. 49 [Vol. IV

halftones will be preserted in each issue. My patrons are assured that
contributions both in the way of notes and photographs will be received
with pleasure. It is hoped that portions of letters pertaining to Mush-
rooms may occupy a conspicuous place on the “quotation” page.
PuHorocrRaPpHs.—Being the merest amateur in photography I appreciate
the ludricous pose assumed when suggestions ere offered ~yet (never let
on!) it may be remarked that the photos should be 1 atural size or even en-
larged unless the Mushrooms are of great size. Jf ore would remember
also that the printed page is orly four inches wide the illustrations doubt-
less would be in most cases advantaged. The height is seidom restricted
by page limits. The engraver can reduce the pictures when necessary
and in that way obviate loss in reproduction. Enlargement is out of the
question unless the photo is unusually sharp and presents sharp contrasts.
Characteristic “attitudes,” strange habitats, abnorinal forms, plants in situ,
and other “original” illustrations of mushrooms will be most acceptable.
With A Lone Arm.—The editor will land in that enchanting tropical
region of Guatemala the day this Number reaches the subscribers, and
therefore the BULLETIN will be edited at a disadvantage for three or four
months. Some one at home will be commissioned to examine my mail—
so the mistakes made in the distribution or other various concerns of this
Leaflet, will have attention, if you will kindly send in your suggestions
and criticisms. Reception of the BuLLETIN will indicate to new subscribers
that the annual fee is received—and old subscribers will receive a dun on

my return if..
“QUOHATION PAGE.’

Quvuoration.—The following interesting article appeared in the Journal
of Mycology, and shoud be copied here since the plate has been reproduced
in the BULLETIN, see page 193.

“THe Hosr Plants or PANAEoLUS Epimyces, Peck.—Panaeolus epi-
myces, first discovered and described by Peck, has been found from time to
time more or less abundantly in the vicinity of Madison, Wis. The same
species has been reported near London, Ontario, from when it was sent
by Dearness to the Lloyd Mycological Museum. Neither Peck nor Dear-
ness mentioned the host plant of this fungus.

“Peck’s description is as follows: Pileus fleshy, at first sub-globose,
then convex, white, silky-fibrillose, flesh soft, white or whitish; lamellae
rather broad, somewhat close, rounded behind, adnexed, dingy white be-
coming brown or blackish with a white edge; stem short tapering upward,
strongly striate and minutely mealy or pruinose, solid in the young plant,
Follow in the mature plant, but with the cavity small. hairy or substrigose
at the base; spores elliptical black, .0003’-00035' long, .0002’-.00025’ broad
Plant 1’-1.5’ high, pileus 8”-12” broad, stem 3”-4” thick. Parasitic on
fungi.

“North Greenbush, November.

“Specimens found in this region agree with this description quite
closely. The only points of difference are that the pileus and spores are
larger. The pileus is sometimes over 2 in. broad and the spores run up
to .0004’ long by .00028’ broad.

“McKenna, in 1900, studied the material collected at Madison and
identified the host of all the specimens found up to that time as Coprinus
atramentarius (Bull.) Fr. His material was always found growing in
close connection with uninfected clumps of C. atramentarius. Upon sec-
tioning the thickened edges of the hypertrophied mass of the host, he found
the gills and hymenium well developed. He also found mature spores
which were identical with those of C. atramentarius. From one to seven
of the parasitic fruit bodies were found on a single host.

“On October 6, 1904, four very perfect and well developed specimens
of Panaeolus epimyces were found on a shady lawn apparently para-
sitic on Coprirus comatus Fr. Several large healthy specimens of the
latter were found not more than 5 in. distant from any one of the infected
forms and no other Agaric was or has since leen found growing in that
yicinity.

(Continued in No. 50).

1 Jan. 1906.] Vycological Bulletin No. 49 195

Fre. 154.—Hy-pom’-Y-cES LAC-TI-FLU-0’-RuM. A parasitic fungus which has at-
tacked a gill-fungus, in consequence of which the latter was aborted and unable to de-
velop the lamellae or gills The illustrations 1 and 2 show such hosts. No. 3 rep
resents a section through the aborted mushroom and shows the microscopic fruiting
portion of the attacking Hypemyces. Each of the receptacles contains very many asci,
as they are called, that is to say, large cells in which the bilocular spores are developed:
they are both shown at Nos. 4 and 5. Illustrations 1 and 2 are shown natural size;
No. 3 is somewhat magnified; No. + shown on a larger scale and No. 5 very highly
masnified.

Mycological Bulletin No. 49

I'1G. 155—Ly-co-prR’-DON ECH-I-NA’-TUM (a, b, c, d); Ly-CO-PER’-DON TES-SEL-LA’-TUM
(e): Ly-co-PER’-DON UM-BRI/-NUM (f); taken from Lloyd’s Myc. Notes.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Vol. II (1904) and Vol. III 1905) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75
cents. No copies remain of Vol.I (1903, Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

Mycological Bulletin
No. 50

LIBRARY
Wy. A. Kellermar, Ph. D., Ohio State University : artis
Columbus, Ohio, January 15, 1906. NEW YORK

rata aire
Tur ILLuTRATIONS Pr=sENTED—The first and last illustrations in this BOTANICA!
Number are very common fungi—the first a Cor-ti-na’-ri-us and the last GARDEN
a Hy-groph’-o-rus. It must be admitted, however, that the species of
these two genera are not readily determinable by the beginner—in fact
only specialists comprehend the situation. The illustration on the third
is out of the ordinary for this Leaflet. But it is so conspicuous and this

1906

Fic. 156—Cor-TI-NA’-RI-US CIN-NA-MO’-ME-US.—.A very dark colored common Cor-
ti-na’-ri-us (this genus has an arachnoid, 1. e. a cabwebby veil) which was collected
roby Supt. M. E. Hard and the writer in the woods near Chillicothe, O., Oct. 30, 1905.

University Pulletin, Series 9, No. 38. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Colmbus, Oh‘o

JAN 1

198 Mycological Bulletin No. 50 [Vol. IV

parasitic fungus is so common that it can not be neglected by the wide-
awake amateur or the beginner. It is the frst of the three stages in the
life-cycle of a Black Rust. The second and third stages of this species
are found (associated) on a Sedge, or Slough Grass (Carex). See ex-
planation under figures.

“QUOTATION PAGE.”
(Quotation continued from page 194).

“These specimens resembled the herbarium specimens of those para-
sitic on C. atramentarius (as identified by McKenna), but with some vari-
ations. They are considerably larger, but the greater size is only propor-
tional to the greater size of C. comatus as compared with C. atramentarius.
The pileus in one specimen is 3.5’ broad. Here and there portions of the
veil adhere to the pileus, forming a fringe on the young cap. The surface
of the cap is roughened by reticulate umber colored areas, especially at the
margin, which latter become elevated and flaky, breaking up into recurved
umber patches. The stipe is cylindrical 1.5’ long by 5” in diameter in the
largest specimen. The spores vary in size from .0003’-.0004' by .0002’-
00028". j

_ “The hypertrophied host resembles that described by McKenna, but is
larger, becoming from 2 to 3 inches in diameter by 2 inches high. It forms
a cup-shaped or cushion-like mass with swollen edges and a deep indenta-
tion at the top. Sometimes a single large carpophore arises from the cen-
ter of this indentation. In other cases two or more are present in various
stages of development. The mass of the host is scarcely distinguishable
as stipe and pileus. It is merely narrowed below and is connected di-
rectly with thick mycelial strands ramifying in the substratum. The
outside is striate and covered with brownish fibres, especially that portion
which corresponds to the pileus. The thickened edges of the hypertrophied
host were examined, and although the gills, basidia and sterigmata could
be distinctly made out. the fungus was apparently not sufficiently matured
to produce spores.

“The reasons for believing the host in this case to be Coprinus coma-
tus are as follows: ‘The fungi in question are accompanied by growths
of C. comatus only, and the host resembles closely the form identified
from its spores as C. atramentarius by McKenna, but is as mucn larger
than that form as Coprinus comatus is larger than Coprinus atramen-
tarius.

“So called abortive forms very similar to these parasitized Coprini
have been described for Clitopilus prunulus Scop, Clitopilus abortivus B.
& €. and Armillaria mellea Vahl, but the cause of these formations is
still unexplained. Clitopilus prunulus produces aborted forms singly or in
tufts. They ave very variable in shape and are white tinged with brown
on ruptured surfaces.

“Peck in describirg the aborted forms of Clitopilus abortivus B. &
C. says they are irregular or sub-globose fleshy white masses occurring in
company with normal forms and apparently under the same conditions of
soil, moisture and temperature. These forms are common here and are
found in various stages of development. Some show marked character-
istics of the normal form of C. abortivus, while others are hypertrophied
and contorted into messes resembling closely the forms described above
for the Coprini. They are smaller, however, the largest not being over
1-114 in diameter The gills show plainly on sectioning.

“The abortive forms of Armillaria mellea Vahl are also common in
this region are very similar to those of the two Clitopili just men-
tioned. Peck states in his description of this from that the masses are
of cellular matter without any distinction of stem, pileus or lamellae.
‘Without positive proof, McIlvaine says, ‘no one would suspect either of
these odd formations to be abortive of either Clitopilus abortivus or Ar-
millaria mellea or any other fungus.’ In view of other resemblances to the
parasitized Coprini described above, it is quite possible that these mon-
strosities are due also to the presence of some parasitic agaric which for
some reason is unable to produce carpophores.” [Helen Sherman, Journal
of Mycology. ]

15 Jan. 1906.] Mycological Bulletin No. 50 199

Fic. 157.—-Ye.tow Cruster-cups, or the Ae-cid’-i-wm that grows on the Elder and
distorts the branchlets and leaves. At b a ripe ‘‘cup’’ is shown; one of the germinat-
ing spores mere highly magnified is figured at c.

200 Mycological Bulletin No. 50 [Vol. IV

l'ic. 158.—Hy-Grorpy’-o-RUS E-BUR’-NE-US.—A common white Hy-groph’-o-rus, ce-
curring in Europe and America. ‘The gills in this species are strongly decurrent—
and Atkinson says of the gills of all the species of this genus that “they are usually
rather distant, the edge is acute or sharp, and gradually thickened toward the june-
tion with the cap, so that a section of the gill is more or less triangular.’”’ The half
tone was made trom specimens collected by Supt. Hard and the writer at Chillicothe,
Ohiv, in woods by Paint Creek, Oct. 30, 1905.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Val. II (1904) and Vol. III ‘1905) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75
cents. No copies remain of Vol.I ‘1903 , Address. W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

Mycological Bulletin

No. 51

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, February 1, 1906.

THe HALr-TonNes IN THIS NumBer.—The first illustration here given
is of a fungus not of course important from an epicure’s point of view,
but what is more interesting and beautiful than these little double-walled
Puff-balls!| The outer peridium (1. e. layer of the covering) splits some-
what regularly from the top, becomes strongly reflexed, and hence the
name Ge-as’-ter or Earth Star is an appropriate one. They retain their
shape when mature «nd can be kept in small boxes for study or compari-

NEW YORK

> T* RAIIL Al
BOT AIN Ge Ab.

by ki %

06

Fic. 159.—Eartru-star. GE-AS’-TER- TRIP’-LEX.—A rather common plant here
©? shown in natural size. The cut was made from_specimens sent by Supt. M. E.
“~ Hard, who collected them near Chillicothe, Ohio, November 9, 1905.

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 39. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-Office at Columbus, Ohio

MAR 14

202 Mycological Bulletin No. 51 [Vol. IV

son. The Polypore shown on the third page is nearly as ornamental as
any of these species become—and the cut falls far short of doing the plant
justice. The ma-ras’-mi-us is perhaps one of the most common—cer-
tainly, most beautiful— of the hundreds of Ma-ras’-mi-i. Aside from
lack of naturai color the half tone does not malign this interesting and
charming little plant.

“QUOTATION PAGE.”

Quoration.—The phalloid, usually called stink-horn, for obvious rea-
sons, is so common that the item below relating to variability may well
receive our attention for a moment at least. The article was published in
the Journal of Mycology, by A. H. Christman.

“VARIABILITY TIN OuR Common Species or DictyopHorA.—Considerable
uncertainty has existed as to the identification of our common species of
Dictyophora. Fischer remarks that nowhere among the Phalloideae is the
confusion in the nomenclature so great as in the case of this genus and
he believes that this confusion has been brought about by the naming of
isolated specimens which have been given new specific names on the
ground of some slight lack of agreement with descriptions already given

* * * The occurrence of this common Dictyophora—in unusual numbers
in the neighborhood of Madison during the summer of 1903, made it pos-
sible to make some interesting observations on the variability of the charac-
teristic parts of the fungus. The specimens were found in the region
lying along the south shore of Lake Mendota and extending a mile west
of the city. The soil of this region is covered with a sod shaded at places
by growths of trees and is at other places completely open. Along a drive,
leading through this tract, young forest trees had been planted from year
to year. There is also a plot of about four acres on the University farm
planted about eight years ago with various young forest trees. All of
these young trees had been liberally mulched yearly, from the time of plant-
ing, with a fertilizer composed of equal parts of shavings and dung, and it
was in and beneath this mulch that the fungi were most abundant.

So numerous were the plants on the entire region that for a period of
six weeks specimens could be found every day. As many as two dozen
were often taken on a single morning. Probably as many as three hun-
dred specimens were handled during the season. These were examined
and types of all sizes and proportions were carefully measured and then
preserved by drying or in alcohol. When it was desired to get a series of
plants belonging to the same mycelium, certain clusters of the eggs were
marked and specimens gathered from day to day as they matured.

In making the measurements it was aimed to secure specimens show-
ing all possible variations. The following table gives the dimensions of
twenty plants including specimens showing the extreme variations in all
of the characteristic parts of the plant. The specimens are arranged in the
table according to height. [Table omitted].

It will be seen that the extremely tall and extremely short specimens
are not so numerous in the above table as are the more nearly average
ones. As these are about equally scarce also in nature the above averages
may safely be taken as approximately correct for all the specimens found
during the season.

There is a fairly complete series from the shortest (5.6 cm.) to the
tallest (21.2 cm.). Careful observations were made to determine, as
nearly as possible, what conditions might be responsible for the height of
the specimen. Jt was found that without exception the tall plants were
solitary, were taken from sod, and, in almost every case, were in a fairly
shaded, moist locality. Numbers 1 to 6 of the table, and many others, were
found so located. The smaller specimens were found where the plarts oc-
curred in large clusters and were often taken after several plants in the
eluster had matured. When a plant in the egg. stage was fourd on a sub-
stratum, such as the mulch already mentioned, that readily became dry,

CONTINUED IN NEXT NUMBER.

1 Feb. 1906.] Mycological Bulletin No. 51 203

Fic. 160.—Po-Ly’-po--RuS BRU-MA’-LIS.—A Polypore very common in the middle
and latter part of the season having rather small pores; it is more or less smoky on
the cap above, below nearly white. From specimens collected by A. L. Smith, Colum-
bus, Ohio.

204 Mycological Bulletin No. 51 [Vol. IV

Fic. 161.—Ma-RAS’-MI-US CAM-PAN’-U-LA-TUS.—A beautiful
delicately poised on slender shining black stems—no trouble
figure. Spccimens collected at Columbus, Ohio.

ochraceous-red cap
to recognize from this

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Vol. II (1904) and Vol. III ‘1905! may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75
cents. No copies remain of Vol.I (1903), Address, W..A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

Mycological Bulletin

No. 52

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, February 15, 1906.

Our Ittustrations.—The Boletus’ Americanus shown on this page
needs little or no comment, but the outline illustrations on later pages
require further explanation. That on the third page is an Aecidium much
like the species shown on page 199; the figure on the last page shows a
Smut; the Aecidium will be briefly explained below, and the Smut will
be commented on in the next Number.

Fic. 162.—Bo-1e’-rus A-MER-I-cA’-NuS.—A_ yellow-cap slimy Boletus occuring
“Hin woods and open places. The specimens from which the photograph was made were
sent by Supt. M. E. Hard, Chillicothe, Ohio, Oct. 30, 1905.

University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 40. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, Ohio

LIBRAR }
NEW YORK
BOTANICAL

GARDEN.

206 Mycological Bulletin No. 52 [Vol. IV

AE-CID’-I-UM, OR CLUSTER-CcUPS.—As already explained this represents
a stage, usually marked as “I,” of a Black Rust. The second or so-called
Red-rust is indicated by “II” and the third stage or Black-rust is num-
bered “ITI.” The remarkable thing about an Aecidium is that its spores do
not grow on the host on which they are produced but often on germinating
enter a grass or sedge or some other host and there the stages “II” and
“TI1” unfold. This was not at first known, but each Aecidium was sup-
posed to be a complete plant and of course each received a scientific name.
It was a German botanist, DeBary, who nearly a half century ago proved
by culture in his laboratory that the aecidium on Barberry was the first
stage of one of the Red and Black Rusts that grow on wheat. Later ex-
periments have shown the connection of many of our common Yellow
Cluster-Cups with Red and Black Rusts on various hosts—yet the life
cycle of very many of Gur common species remain to be worked out.

sOUOTATION PAGE.”

(Centinued from page 202)

it could be predicted with certainty that the resulting fungus would be
small. Very immature eggs (% to 34 size) were often separated from
their mycelial connections and taken into the greenhouse. These often
decayed. A good share of them, however, developed after several days pro-
ducing very small specimens. This indicates that food and moisture,
together with the habit of growing singly or in clusters are important fac-
tors in determining size.

The volvae varied in size from 5.5x6 cm. to 2.4x3 cm. Where the
eges were in large groups they were often flattened against each other.
A peculiar lobing was often caused in this way and also by foreign objects
lying in contact with the eggs. Eggs lying free in sod were spherical and
smooth. The color of the eggs varied from white to pink or dirty brown.

The size and shape of the pileus was as variable as the other charac-
teristics. the taller plants in general had the larger pilei. The shape
varied from a broadly campanulate pileus, 2.7 cm. high by 3.7 wide at the
lower margin in No. 16, to the tall conical pileus 4.2 cm. high by 2.6 in
diameter at the base as in No 11. There is no correlation between the
shape of the pileus and the size and structure of the other parts. Some
very tall specimens had campanulate pilei while others had the conical
form, the same was true of the small specimens. The outer surface was
always conspicuously reticulated, the edge of the ridges being acute and
toothed. The ridges always extended to the pore at the apex. The pits
enclosed by the ridges were in general deeper midway between the apex
and the margin of the pileus and often became elongated in the vertical
direction near the margin. * * *

There is no other part of the whole plant that shows as great variation
in both size and structure as does the veil. The veil of a given specimen
may vary with the age of the specimen when collected, or with the sur-
rounding conditions. It was often observed that the veil expanded after
the stipe had fully elongated. in other specimens the expansion of the veil
was more rapid than the elongation of the stipe. In such cases the veil
protruded from between the pileus and the volva as a large fold, which
later straightens out and hangs free when the stipe is fully extended.
When a specimen had been exposed to a dry atmosphere for a short time
the veil became much shrunken. The measurements given in the table were
taken from specimens gathered at about ten o’clock in the forenoon. Care
was taken to measure the length of the veil when it was most fully ex-
panded. While the outside conditions in which the plant is found, may
modify the dimensions of the veil, there is no doubt that the actual amount
of material which enters into it is as variable as any other feature of the
plant..” [A. H. Christman, Journal of Mycology].

Mycological Bulletin No. 52

15 Feb. 1906.]

Fic. 163.—A£-CID’-I-UM IM-PA-TI-EN’-TIS.—The Yellow Cluster-cups of Impatiens,

the Wild Touch-me-not, or Jewel-weed.

of its germinating spores.

and at c one

”

At b is shown a ripe ‘cup

208 Mycological Bulletin No. 52 [Vol. IV

Fic. 164.—U-ro-cys’-TIs CAR-CI-NO’-DES.—The Smut found on Cimicifuga, the

Black Snake-root or Bugbane.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the 1st and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Val. II (1904) and Vol. III :1905) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75
cents. No copies remain of Vol. I (1903), Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

MAR 14 lgU0

Mycological Bulletin
No. 53

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

UWIBRARY
Columbus, Ohio, March 1, 1906. NEW YORK
SoMFTHING AROUT Smut.—In the preceding number we gave an illus- BOTANICA!

tration (Fig. 164) of a kind of parasitic fungi which are very common, GARDEN.
namely, the Smuts. The figure referred to shows a plant, the common
Bugbane or black snake root (Cimicifuga) distorted by a Smut-fungus.
The plant became abnormal in consequence of the attack of this parasite
and when the mass of spores of the latter became nearly or quite ripe,
they ruptured the epidermis and the black powdery mass escaped. When
examined under the microscope the “smut” proves to be a multitude of
little round bodies as shown in the figures (b,c and d). These germinate—
showing that they are reproductive bodies of plants multiplying the species
as do seeds in case of the higher plants. They are much simpler in struc-
ture than are seeds and are called spores. At d in figure 164 is shown a
spore that has germinated.

Fic. 165.—Hs-1o’-Tr-uM CI-TRI’-NuM.—-An attractive little Disc-fungus, yellow in
color, growing on rotten logs in very damp places. The scale at the bottom shows
the extent of the slight magnification. The spores are not borne on gills, pores, spines,
etc., as in the case of those called Ba-sid-i-o-my-ce’-tes, but the cups (or saucers)
contain a compact layer of large cells within which the spores are borne. It belongs
to the Dis-co-my-ce’-tes (which is a large group of the As-co-my-ce’-tes).

University Bulletin. Series 9, No. 41. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-Office at Columbus, Ohia

210 Mycological Bulletin No. 53 [Vol. IV

“QUOTATION PAGE.”

Quoration—In the introductory part of the Mushroom Book we find
the following readable paragraphs by Nina L. Marshall:

“Although for centuries it has been known that some fungi contain
most virulent poisons, sti!l, through ignorance of those points which dis-
tinguish the poisonous from the edible, frequent cases of poisoning occur
in all classes of society. The mistakes resulting in death have been fre-
quent enough to inspire the timid with an overpowering dread of all fungi,
while the damp and grewsome places in which many fungi flourish have
caused them to be despised by others. The following lines from Shelley
very aptly express the general sentiment:

“And plants, at whose names the verse feels loath,
Fill’d the place with a monstrous undergrowth,
Prickly and pulpous, and blistering and blue,
Livid, and starr’d with a lurid dew.
“And. agarics and fungi, with mildew and mould,
Started like mist from the wet ground cold;
Pale, fleshy, as if the decaying dead
With a spirit of growth had been animated.”
Shelley: ‘‘The Sensitive Plant.”
“To many people the only growths known as fungi are toadstools and
mushrooms. They give the name mushrooms to the species known to
them-as edible, and regard all other similar growths as toadstools, things
uncanny or po:sono.Us.

“The grisly todestool grown there mought I see,
And loathed paddocks: (toads) lording | on the same.’
ee “Faerie Queene.”

“This distinction has no scientific basis, and in fact most of the species
called toadstools are edible. Fungi are not always the grewsome things
of Shelley and Spenser. In their ranks are many which delight the eye
with their colouring and the symmetry of their fornis. They are the gro-
tesques of nature; nests, hoods, cups, umbrelias, shells, and clubs are rep-
resented, together with spheres, hemispheres, cones, and many other ge-
ometrical figures. The mildew on the linens, the mould on food, the rusts
and smuts which blight our fields of grain, and the dry rot which crumbles
our lumber to Gust and which causes old wood in dark places to glow with
a wierd, pale, flickering light, are all forms of one group or another of
these plants which prey upon living or dead organic matter. In ordinary
observation, only the simpler and more noticeable fungi are taken into
account, but they are in reality met with in almost every situation imag-
inable. They are found in damp cellars and in rooms shut off from the
light; in fact, some form of fungus will be found in every place and on
ev verything which is not exposed to a circulation of fresh air.

“In woods and open fields the attractive forms are found. In shady
woods the beautiful white ‘bear's head’ hangs on stately tree trunks. and
the ‘destroying angels’ gleam white in the shadows on the ground. Shelv-
ing brackets. green or red or brown, encircle old stumps, or stand out stiff
and white from the crumbling trunks of fallen moss-grown monarchs of
the forest, while wood-brown toadstools huddle in groups among the fallen
leaves. On the outskirts of the wood. green and red Russula vie with the
flowers in the brilliancy of their colouring. Pirk or violet Clavarias,
dainty corals, border the wood path, and golden Clavarias lighten up the
somber wood tints with their yellow branches. In dry pastures and along
wood roads, p:ff-halls, large and small. send up_ their puffs of brown
smoke, to the delight of every passing child who strikes them with a wand.
On lawns and hillsides the Oreades cause fairy rings to grow. The fairy
rings are circles, or parts of circles, of impoverished grass of a lighter
colour and less luxuriant growth than that of the grass immediately. sur-
rounding the circle. Before the existence of fairy folk came to be doubted,
it was firmly believed that these fairy rings were the dancing grounds of

the fairies.
“The nimble elves
That do by moonshine green sour ringlets make
Wherof the ewe hites not; whose pastime "tis
To make these midnight mushrooms.’
Rev. Gerard Smith.
[Nina L. Marshall, the Mushroom Book].

1 Mar. 1996.] Mycological Bulletin No. 53 211

Fic. 166.—Cu1-Toc’-y-BE FLLAC’-cI-pA.x—A small white-spored white Mushroom,
rather firm in texture growing in shady places in moist woods. See also next figure,

212 Mycological Bulletin No. 53 [Vol. IV

1G. 166.—CLI-TOC’-Y-BE IN-FUN-DIB-U-LI-FOR’-M1S.—-Very much like the preceding
(Fig. 166); in faet, they may represent the same species. This and the preceding

were made from photographs of specimens collected near Coluinbus, Ohio.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the 1st and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copie
of Vol. II (1904) and Vol. III (1905) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for

75 cents, No. copies remain of Vol. I (1902). Address W. A. Kellerman, Columbus, Ohio

Mycological Bulletin
No. 54

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, March 15, 1906.

LIBRA!
A GUATEMALAN Funcus—We give below an illusration of a large ib pad
. . . . ° NEW
Shelf-fungus found in abundance in Guatemala. It is a dirty white color Shee
and of size varying from an inch or two to eight inches or more in width. BOTANK
The upper surface 1s

often somewhat honey-combed, and altogether a Ap ah
striking form. It is somewhat peculiar according to Dr. W. A. Murrill pa
to whom speciments have been sent for s

of 168 under side, somewhat magnified.

tudy. Fig. 169 shows a portion

Pent Fic. 168.—TRAM’-E-TES EL’-E-GANS (or Dae-da’-le-a el’-e-gans). A
Pann of tough almost woody texture collected at Livingston,
~? men and the one to the right exhib

All much less than natural size.
Pa" y

= University Bulletin, Series 9, No. 42. Entered as Second Class Matser, Post-office at Columbus, Ohio

shelf-fungus
Guatemala. The larger speci-

it the upper side, the one to the left the under side
See Fig. 169.

as
<r
=

214 Mycological Bulletin No. 54 [Vol. IV

“QUOTATION “PAGE.”

Quoration.—We find a popular article in an eastern newspaper that
is not devoid of interest for would-be mycophagists. The author is Mr.
Edward B. Sterling, Trenton, New Jersey:

“\usHROOMS OR ToADSTOOLS ; RuLEs—For years the following
apothegms have been handed down by those who should know better, and
are still believed by many a housewife and mushroom gatherer.

“Tf you eat it and live, it is a ‘mushroom;’ otherwise die, because it is
a ‘toadstool.’

“Tf it grows in a ‘dark place,’ or on ‘wood,’ reject it.

“Tf your mushroom turns a silver spoon ‘black,’ it is unfit to eat.
Throw it awav.

“Tf ‘salt’ changes the ‘color,’ it must be poisonous. Drop it.

“If the skin ‘peels’ off easily, it certainly is an edible mushroom.

“Sich nonsense has repeatedly been uttered in my presence. I have
also heard, ‘You will vet find a toadstool that will send you to the other
world.” TI have certainly found the ‘other world’ variety, but I have the
power of discrimination developed sufficiently to reject such varieties as
food.

“To prove the fallacy of the apothegms above mentioned, many varie-
ties of toadstools have been enjoyed that immediately on fracture or touch
have changed from a delicate orange, yellow, crimson and red to a dull
blue, thence to a jet black. In fact, toadstools having all the colors of
the rainbow have been tested and freely eaten.

“The peeling of the skin from the ordinary muskroom (Agaricus
campester) is not only a waste of time, but the strength and aroma of
the flesh is lost. The deadly toadstool (Amanita phalloides) can be peeled
with ease. The delicious varieties of the showy Boleti family, which covy-
ers every tint known to nature, cannot be peeled. Many of those on the

slightest touch or pressure of the finger show their delicate construction
by immediately changing color, yet the delight of a fresh Boletus to a
Mycophagist (toadstool eater), is the reward of a trip that should well
repay the finder.

“Many varieties of toadstools, such as the Lactarius family (L.
piperatus), (L. deceptivus), contain a white, hot, acrid milk, which in the
raw state would soon raise a blister on the tongue. Many of the members of
the Russula family (R. emetica) (R. fragilis) are hot as pepper, and in the
raw state would cause vomiting, yet when any of the four mentioned
varieties are properly cooked the acridity and peppery qualities depart
and the food becemes edible and digestible.

“Botanists we have in every high school and college teaching the
youth how plants grow, but how few of the professional class of botanists
ever touch upon the subject of the value of food producing toadstools be-
longing to the lower order of plant life. Mycology should be taught in
every school in this city and country. A botanist should be fully equipped
for such duties Specimens of the deadly amanita and of several of the
edible species of fungi should be on exhibition in the class room. Edu-
cation is greatly needed in this matter, and with such a rich amount ot

15 Mar. 1906.] Mycological Bulletin No. 54 215

fungo'd growth in the vicinity of Trenton there is no valid reason why
the subject should not have long since received proper attention.

“The foreign element, Jargely composing the laboring classes in this
city, can be seen season after season scouring the woods in search of toad-
stools. While these foreigners are not able to give the names of that
which they gather, they are brought up in their native countries to hunt for
food. On one of my rambles through the woods adjoming Cadwalader
park, one Sunday afternoon during the past summer, I counted no less
than ten men and boys, with bags and baskets, gathering the hot and
peppery forms of toadstools, which, when dried, they use for soups, gravies
and seasoning. Not one of these ten persons could speak English fluently
enough to give me the name of a single specimen, yet they knew what to
take and what to avoid.

“Physicians should be mycologists. Outside of the Amanita muscaria
(fly agaric) and Amanita phalloides (death cup}, how many in this pro-
fession are able to identify the variety of fungi when called upon to treat
supposed cases of toadstool poisoning? Ninety out of every one hundred
cases of supposed toadstool poisoning reported in this country, if traced
to the direct source and variety eaten established, would prove the fact
that the patients have simply overloaded the stomach.

“Mushreoins should he used for a side dish and not the main feature
of any meal. Eaten in proportion to the amount of other varieties ot
food upon the table they are a luxury, delicate, digestible and nourishing.”
{Edward B. Sterling, Hunterdon County, N. J. Democrat].

Fic. 169.—Tram’-E-TES EL’-E-GANS.— The under side much magnified of specimen
shown in Fig. 168.

216 Mycological Bulletin No. 54 [Vol. IV

Fic. 170.—Hy-cropn’-o-RUS LAU’-RAE.—A fine species collected in the rich woods
along Paint Creek near Chillicothe by Supt. M. E, Hard, Oct. 30, 1905.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copies
of Vol. II (1904) and Vol. III (1905) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75
cents. No copies remain of Vol.I (1%3), Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio,

cc
ae

<<

Mycological Bulletin
No. 55

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, April 1, 1906.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.—We are indebted to Mr. Carl Krebs of Cleve-
land for the photograph of specimen shown in Fig. 171, which represents
one of the Stink-horn fungi or Phalloids. It differs from Dictyophora
and Phallus (which we illustrated on pages 71 and 83) in the pileus being
wholly adnate to the summit of the stipe, the gleba occupying its outer
surface. The stipe is hollow within.

Wuite Rust.—This name is given to a group of parasitic fungi which
are not real Rusts at all. They belong to a distinct group called the Phy-
co-my-ce’-tes or Algal-fungi. We hardly need go into the botanical de-
tails which would weary a beginner—but suffice it to say that the family
to which the fungus shown on page 220 belongs is that to which the Grape
Mildew belongs, namely, Per-o-nos-po-ra'-ce-ae. We have selected this
particular one, growing on the wild Potato-vine (Jfomoca pandurata) be-
cause it produces conspicuous distortions of the host; see a in Fig. 173.
An interesting thing is this that the parasite produces two kinds of spores—
summer spores and winter spores. The tormer are shown in the figure
at c and one of the latter embedded in the tissue of the leaf, at b. The
summer spores are white or nearly so, and a waxy white covering is to be
seen just before they break through the epidermis for dissemination. The
winter spores lie dormant till spring.

Fic. 171.—Mv-t1’-Nus cCA-N1’-NuSs.—One of the Phalloids or Stink-horn fungi.

See the first paragraph above. Photograph by Carl Krebs, Cleveland, Ohio.

Uuiversity Bulletin, Series 9. No. 43. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, Ohio

LIBRARY

NEW YORK

BOT

“ANIC
R DET

.L

218 Mycological Bulletin No. 55 [Vol. IV

"QUOTATION PAGES

Quoratton.—The item we give below appeared in the Journal of My-
cology and pertains to an interesting observation by Prof. Sturgis on the
unseasonal occurrence of the Morelle:

“REMARKABLE OCCURRENCE OF MoRCHELLA ESCULENTA (L.) Pers.—
During a recent hunting trip in southwestern British Columbia the writer
came across this fungus growing in such abundance and in a location and
at 2 season of the year so unusual that the circumstances seem worth re-
cording. Usually one expects to find Morchella in the Spring growing
on the borders of meadows or other grassy places. In the present instance
the plants were found in September on a steep mountain side which had,
within a little over a vear. been subjected to a destructive forest fire.

“On September 11th the writer was skirting the precipitous side of a
mountain at an altitude of about 7,000 feet and while passing through
what had been a fairly good growth of aspens and small spruces, a few
fine specimens of Morchelia were noticed. Further search revealed the
presence of these plants literally in hundreds. A fire had passed across
the mountain in June 1904, leaving only the skeletons of the trees standing
and charring the ground to such a depth that no trace of green vegetation
has since appeared. Under these unfavorable circumstances and at a sea-
son when snow had already fallen not far from the locality a bushel of
Morchellas might have been gathered within a radius of one hundred
yards. The specimens were exceptionally fine, in some cases attaining a
height of seven inches and a circumference around the pileus of ten inches.
In such specimens the pileus usually showed a great variety of form, from
conical and flattened to nearly spherical. In other cases the pileus more
nearly resembled that of M. conica Pers. The base of the stipe was in all
cases much swollen and consisted of a mass of mycelium and soil cemented
into a sclerotoid mass. Specimens were secured from which the identity
of the fungus was later determined.

“The interesting question arises whether, on the western slopes of
the Rocky Mountains, WorcheHa usually occurs in the Autumn rather than
in the Spring as elsewhere, and also how the presence of the particular
specimens is to he accounted for. It is hardly possible that the spores
could have been carried to the locality in sufficient quantity to have pro-
duced in one season so large a growth of plants, and it is almost equally
inconceivable that a subterranean mycelium could have resisted a degree of
heat sufficient to destroy permanently all surface vegetation and leave the
ground a desolate waste of charred clay.” [W. C. Sturgis, Journal of
Mycology. |]

Qvoration.—An extremely interesting letter was received during the
summer from Mr. Pierson L. Halsey, secretary of the Wisconsin Myco-
logical Society, Milwaukee. We reproduce such parts as make plain the
matter referred to:

“T enclose with this mail a small package and specimens of a com-
mon mushroom in gardens. * * * *

“On Saturday, July S. 1905, the family of J—— E ,_ Of Out? Chey
was reported in the press as seriously poisoned by eating toadstools from
their garden. 1 forthwith investigated yesterday morning, getting the
remains of specimers, the cut-off stems, one of the enclosed, and whatever
were left, which was very few. Also the reports of the two attending
physicians in full. There is no possible doubt as to this being the only
mushroom eaten.

“They were cut, something over a pound, from the kitchen garden
beneath potato vires, rich, sandy loam, highly fertilized, and immediately
fried gills up with butter, salt and pepper, in a large dripping pan, full.
“Wr. E—— ute verv heartily (he says he ate a pound, which is question-
able). Mrs. E—--and two little girls, aged 10 and 8, ate only a few, the
sirls not over ten caps each. About ten minutes after their meal Mr.
E came in feeling very dizzy and found his wife resting on the table
complaining of being queer; in about ten minutes the girls complained of
dizziness and tired feeling in the limbs and arms. Mrs. E——’s arms and
hands were trembling and she had ‘no strength’ and she couldn’t ‘see

1 Apr. 1906.] Mycological Bulletin No. 55 219

plain;’ they called the doctor by phone, Dr. C. H. Lewis and Dr. Hank-
witz both coming within five minutes of each other and within forty min-
utes after their meal., 1. e., at about 7:45. Mrs. E had meanwhile
given a teaspoonful of raw mustard to Mr. E. and less amount to the
children and self. All drank much fresh milk.

‘Dr. Lewis arriving, found Mr. E prostrated, too dizzy to walk;
he had vomited some, as had the little girl. All were dizzy, trembling,
and Mr. E——- frightened. Both Mr. and Mrs. E perspired profusely ;
pulse not much above normal. No griping or pain; only weakness and
vertigo, except that the mustard and excessive draughts of milk dis-
tressed somewhat.

“Treatrment—Teaspoonful of fluid extract ipecac (and one-half to
girls) in warm water, followed in Mr. E *s case with hypodermic 1-150
gr. atropin with strychnia. The dizziness continued all the day and fol-
lowing night. but all felt well yesterday morning except for headaches,
and are wel! to-day As the caps were small, and placed close in the drip-
ping pan, there may possibly have been 75 or thereabouts, his hat full
Their breakfast at about 7 o’clock consisted of coffee, bread and butter,
these fried mushrooms and strawberries (with sugar), freshly picked
from their garden. No paris green or other insecticide had been used in
the garden. * * * ” |Pierson W. Halsey, letter, July 10, 1905.]

[The specimens, or part of them at least, were Amanita verna.—Ed.]

Fic. 172.—Lac-tTa’-RI-us vo-Le’-Mus.—A species with abundant milky juice though
“distinguished for its edible qualities.” This specimen of deep lavendar color, was
sent frem Chilliccthe by Supt. M. E. Hard.

Mycological Bulletin No. 55 [Vol. IV

vgee
2

r~
A)

Haile

gunna

73.—AL-BU -GO 1p-0-MOE’-AE-PAN-DU-RA’-TAE.—A “White Rust’’ causing dis-

EtGs
The summer and winter spores are shown at ¢ and

tortions of the Wild Potato-vine.

b respectively.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued on the Ist and 15th of each Month, Price 25c. Copie
of Val. II (1904) and Vol. III (1905) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75
cents. No copies remain of Vol. I (1903), Address, W. A. Kellerman Columbus Ohio.

Mycological Bulletin

LIBRARY
No, 56 NEW YORK
BOTANICAL

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University GARNEN

Columbus, Ohio, April 15, 1906.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.—The photograph was furnished by Supt. M. E.
Hard from which we made the cut below. The plant is a near relative of
the Polyporus or Trametes. but the “gills” or “tubes” are in concentric

circles. The name Cy-clom’-y-ces means: circular (cyclos), fungus
(myces).

Fic. 174.—Cy-cLtom’-y-cES GREENE’-I.—A rare “Polypore,” with

concentric ‘‘lam-
ellae” or ‘‘tubes.”” Supt. M. E. Hard, Chillicothe, Ohio.

Uuiversity Bulletin, Series 9, No. 44. Entered as Second Class Matter, Post-office at Columbus, Ohio

222 Mycological Bulletin No. 56 [Vol. IV

“QUGTATION PAGE?

Quoration.—Notes on Fungi were published by Dr. John W. Harsh-
berger in the Journal of Mycology, and certain parts are here transcribed:

“Box TortorsES AND ToApstooLs.—The common box tortoise (Cis-
tudo virginica) of our eastern woodlands is extremely fond of a rather
frequent toadstool, Russula virescens Fr. A number of caps of this fun-
gus, tound in the woods at Primes, Delaware Co., Pa., on August 7, 190i,
were gnawed in a rather jagged manner. Later, a tortoise was found
immediately in front of a large light green Russula. It stopped work
upon the approach of the observer, and although it was watched for some
time, it remained perfectly quiet and alert. An inspection of its horny
beak, however, revealed torn fragments of the toadstool smeared
over the horny surface. I, therefore, succeeded in connecting the tortoise
with the torn aspect of the fungus.

“PEZIZA REPANDA WAHLENB, IN PENNSYLVANIA.— Mcllvaine in his
book, ‘One Thousand American Funei’ (p. 558), gives the distribution of
this fungus, as: New York, Ellis: Minnesota, Johnson; Ohio, Lloyd;
Pennsylvania, Miller. It ocenrs, according to him, on the ground, or on
decaying .wood. M. C. Cooke (Handbook of British Fungi II, p. 669)
mentions it as one of the British funguses occurring on the ground and on
stumps. It was discovered by the writer at Sherwood, near Angora,
Philadelphia on an old rotten log in yery considerable abundance. The
specimens collected, some two or three hundred in number, varied in size
from the diameter of a ten cent piece to one or two, or three inches
across. The individuals were clustered, ar disposed singly; some were
saucer-shaped. others deeper and inore bowl-shaped. The color was nearly
white on the outer surface and a light, yellowish-brown color on the con-
cave inner side.

“Spore DISCHARGE IN PEZIZA BADIA PEers.—A considerable amount of
this ascomycete was found at Crum Creek, Penna., May 20, 1901. When
gathered in the hand and held for a moment, a discharge of the spores
took place with a puff, like the curling smoke at the muzzle of a dis-
charged gun. At intervals of several minutes, the same phenomenon
took place until apparently all of the spores had been set free from the
ascl.

“Criropitus abortivus B. & C—The statement is made in an authori-
tative work on the fungi of North America, that ‘the fungus is so named
because of ihe abortive form of it frequently found associated with it.’
From this sentence, one would infer, that the normal form is more
abundant than the aborted one which is found with it. Nevertheless in the
season of 1901, the aborted plants were by tar the most abundant in the
neighborhood of Philadelphia. A search through several woods was re-
warded by the collection of many specimens of the rounded, egg-shaped,
aborted form and only a few examples of the normal gill-bearing fungus.”
[John W. Harshburger, Journal of Mycology. ]

ANoTHER Fiy Acaric.—The following interesting Note we owe to Supt.
D. R. Sumstine, of Wilkinsburg, Pa.:

“Amanita muscaria is called the fly agaric because infusions of it are
poisonous to flies. It has now however a keen rival for this reputation in
another species of this same genus. Last summer while drying specimens
of Amanita solitaria Bull., a number of flies was attracted to them. After
the flies had remained on the plants for a short time they fell over appar-
ently dead. This continued until thirty-nine fly mycophagists had become
the victims of some narcotic contained in the mushrooms. The box with
flies and plants was then set aside for future study. After two hours the
box was again examined but the flies: which once were dead were now
alive and had departed with no-more serious results possibly than a severe
headache from their mycological “booze.”

Several experiments were made with other specimens of the same
species and the same results were obtained. It seems that this plant has
some property that acts as an intoxicant or soporific to flies. Jt is reported
by some writers as edible and by others as poisonous.” [D. R. Sumstine,
Journal of Mycology]

15 Apr. 1906.] Mycological Bulletin No. 56 223

QuoraTtion.—A Polypore on a leaf we would never expect, but per-
haps there is something new under the sun. We quote from W. A. Mur-
rill in Torreya:

“A New Polyporoid Genus from South America—An_ interesting
pore-fungus was collected a few years ago in Columbia by Mr. C. F. Baker.
It is the only species of Polyporaceae known to me which occurs parasit-
ic on living leaves. I have erected upon it the new genus Phylloporia, a
description of which follows:

“Phylloporia gen. nov. Hymenophore small, tough, annual, attached
by the vertex to the lower surface of living leaves; context brown, fibrous,
tubes thin-walled, mouths polygonal; spores globose, smooth, pale fer-
ruginous.

“The distinguishing feature of this genus is its habit of growing upon
living leaves. It is based upon the following species:

“Phylloporia parasitica sp. nov. Pileus circular, thin, attached by its
vertex to the under surface of living leaves, 5-S mm. in diaemter, 0-2-1mm.
thick; surface minutely tomentose, fulvous, margin thin, entire, ochraceous
to ferruginous; context membranaceous, fibrous, ferruginous; tubes 0.5
mm. or less in length, 3-7 to a millimeter, isabelline, polygonal, irregular,
edges thin, entire or coarsely dentate; spores globose, smooth, very pale
ferruginous, 3-4 “; hyphae concolorous. “<

“Collected by C. F. Baker near Bonda, Colombia, Novy. 16, 1898, on
living leaves of Bignenia (7). Numerous sporophores in various stages
of development are found on the lower surface of the leaf, usually attached
to a vein. This species is the only one of its family in America that occurs
on living leaves. Looked at from above, the host appears to be attacked
by a leaf-parasite and it is quite surprising to find on the lower surface
the sporophores of one of the Polyporaceae.” [William Alphonso Mur-
rill, Torreya].

Fic. 175.—Hy-PHo-Lo’-MA SUB-LAT-ER-I’-TI-UM, in its native habitat, as photo-
graphed by Supt. M. E. Hard, Supt. S. Lawrence and the writer, near Ashville,
Ohio, Oct. 14, 1905.

224 Mycological Bulletin No. 56 [Vol. IV

I'ic. 176.-—PLevu-ro’-Tus Ap-Pii-ca’-1us.-—One of the neatest of all tiny gray sessile
mushrooms,— a near relative of the Oyster Mushroom. It is shown natural size in
its natural habitat, that is to say, on old bark of fallen logs. It thrives only in mois-
ture; these specimens were found on the narrow neck of land hemming in a cove at
Cedar Point, near Sandusky, Obio. ‘The large log was well shaded and these little
plants throve in swarms.

VOL. IV. MAY, 1906 NOS. 57-58

‘-MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

W. A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

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THE BRYOLOGIS@

For 1906, Vol. 9, will continue the series of articles on Lichens
and Hepatics. The Mosses will receive ample treatment
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§7-5 "Seas
W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University NEW yori.
Columbus, Ohio, May, 1906 BOTANICA!
thE EDIMOR’S» UNEASY CHAIR. GARDEN,

The conspicuous change in the MycotoctcaL BULLETIN
as witnessed in this number may raise the question, “What does
it mean?” I despair of giving an adequate,answer—but let us
hope at least that it means progression—we will say “mutation,”
for you know, my dear reader, that the “mutation theory” (sud-
den strides) is now replacing the “evolution theory” (slow

» changes )—which we all had begun to think explained the universe
so nicely! -

Perhaps we would better say in simple plain, current lan-
guage that the editor concluded he was not ‘“ the whole thing,” in
short, he was not “it,” and so he yields nearly all the space now
and henceforth to other writers, to authors who know much
about their subject, who have information to spare, and who
kindly write forthe joy of the working. This paragraph, then,
is one of felicitation and congratulation, because we will have a
better MycoLoctcaAL BULLETIN than heretofore. What an advan-
tage it was that we were “held up” by the—(see the next
paragraph. ) a

3ut the immediate and efficient cause for this change has not
yet, as just hinted, been exposed. It is to be found in the gentle,
icsindly, peremptory notice from the postal authorities, that “second
class entry’ is for newspapers, for literary and scientific maga-
zines, for technical journals, containing articles written by various
persons,” &c., and consequently the copies of the BULLETIN were
rot sent out in the manner heretofore in vogue. A delay was
therefore caused, since the editor was hunting mushrooms in a
foreign country all winter, and consequently prompt measures
could not be taken for distribution in other manner—stamping
each copy (and herein consists the apology or explanation of an
irregularity that presumably will not occur again).

‘

Then we make the “new announcement,” namely, that the
3ULLETIN will be continued on the plan so far exemplified in the
successive Numbers; but it is advantageous to mail monthly in-
stead of fortnightly as heretofore. Double numbers will be
issued the remainder of the y year, thus giving a total of eae

to four for the twelve months as promised. The use of a cov

Sy te the magazine will, it is surmised, add to its appearance, pases

= serving well for protection. A wide circulation would be desir-
S° able—to the end that the expense may be met by subscriptions.
The price, 25 cents a year, will remain unchanged.

<i
=

226 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 57 and 58 [Vol. IV

THE GENUS PEZIZA AND PEZIZA COCCINEA.
By Supt. M. E. Hard, Chillicothe, Ohio.

This is a very large genus, and will be met by the mushroom hunter
frequently. Mary are so small that they will easily escape detection unless
special pains are taken to find them. They are found on leaves, om par-
tially buried sticks, on decayed logs, on dung, in cellars, about barns and
outhouses, on the stems of herbaceous plants, especially on the nettle.

There are about 150 species found in this country, and many reported
in Europe not as yet found here. They belong to the true cup fungi.
Many are sessile, while others have stems. ‘They are usually fleshy and
soft and of a variety of colors.

They have a peculiar explosive apparatus for hurling out the spores
so that the wind can better scatter them abroad.

Fie. 177. ~PE-zI’-ZA COC-CIN’-E-A. Scarlet within. M. E. WUHard, Chillicothe, O.

The fruiting surface is usually saucer or cup-shaped and the bowl of
the saucer, which is the fruiting surface, is completely filled with a palisade
of cylindrical sacs and in each sac there are eight spores. These sacs have
lids at the apex and when the plant is mature they spurt out their spores.
It the observer will lie down on the ground and watch a matured cup for
a few minutes he will see very distinctly a small cloud of spores thrown
off at intervals without his disturbing the plant in the least, but should he
disturb the plant just a little he will plainly see a large cloud of spores
from the jar. I have taken them into schoolrooms after having been kept
for two or three days and by a slight jar the cloud of spores would be
visible to the entire room. A rumber of the cup fungi has this explosive
apparatus.

Those in Figure 177 are called Prziza cocérngea Jacq. It is found in
damp places in the spring of the year from April to June. Howevcr, I

May, 1906. ] Mycological Bullctin Nos. 5% and 8

Fig.

178.

: | | ; i / if

3 yy _ ; y :
RK c Ne “he
Se SO SY
Se Sy! LY
= SS eed

Sketch of Gy-rRo-M1’TRA ES-CU-LEN’-TA, slightly reduced.
M. E. Hard. See p. 230.

Specimen sent by

228 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 57 and 58 [Vol. IV

have found it late in November. It is found on sticks partially buried in
the leaves. It is easily distinguished by its deep scarlet color, which gives
name to the species. Its external surface is whitish or pinkish and in-
clined to be tomentose. The stem is short, whitish and tomentose.

This is one of the most beautiful plants in the woods, and dull must
be the observer who will not pause to examine this brilliant fungus, truly
a “Fairy Cup.”

It is very abundant in the woods about Chillicothe this spring, yet its
distribution is widespread.

Pig. 179. Pk-z1’-za_coc-cin’-g-a. Showing plant (a); section of plant (b); portion of
the red fruiting layer (c); two asci, each ascus’ with eight spores (d); and
two paraphyses (e).

MUSHROOM NOTES, I.

W. A. Kellerman.

_ VARIATION IN URNULA CRrATERIUM.-—We present some illustrations of
Urnula craterium, Figs. 180 and 182, to show the great variation in shape
and size of these black plants. One could well believe that more than one
species was represented; but specimens have been submitted from time to
time to Dr. Durand, of Cornell University, and the reports from him show
that all the forms belong to the species named above—Urnula crateriwm.

It is one of the commonest and one of the, earliest to appear in the
season. In the partially cleared woods, where twigs and branches in
abundance have been decaying for some time, it luxuriates most profusely.

May, -1906. | Mycological Bulletin Nos. 57 and 58 229

Fig. 180. Ur’-Nu-La cra-te’-RI-uM, Black Peziza, slendcr, densely clustered forms.

R. I. Grigs, Columbus, O.

230 Mycological Bulletin Nos, 57 and £8 [Vol. IV

The very dark brown or rather dull black color simulates that of the soil,
decaying wood, blackened leaves, ete., on which it feeds.

The shapes assumed can better be seen than described—so I will refer
to the samples shown in the half tones. In Fig. 180 we have a large
densely cespitose cluster of the slender forms cornucopia-like. A different
type is shown in Fig. 180. These illustrations were made from specimens
collected at Columbus by Mr. R. F. Griggs and at Cable by Mr. Arthur L.
Smith.

A Larce GYROMITRA ESCULENTA.—In Fig. 178 we show a sketch of a
specimen of this species kindly sent by Supt. M. E. Hard, of Chillicothe,

ig. 181. Asci, spores and paraphyses of Gy-RO-M1I’-TRA ES-CU-LEN’-TA, enlarged.

Ohio, which weighed 520 grams, or over one pound. The actual size 1s
shown in the cut, or really we had to reduce it slightly to avoid projection
beyond the page. I have requested Mr. Hard to give us some notes on
this interesting edible species, and next month we hope to hear from him;
doubtless he will furnish a photograph for illustration at the same time.
In the meantime I have had the fruiting-surface examined and accurate
drawings made showng the asci, paraphyses and spores; see Fig. 181.

8

and 5

57

sulletin Nos.

i Tycolog ical

May, 1906.]

‘Ywusg "Ty anyyiy Aq “oO ‘alqea

JB paja[foo ‘sul10f pawuidjs-j10ys ‘ezIzaq yoerq ‘wa-ra

-,AL-V¥D VI-ON-,aYs)

232 Mycological Bulletin Nos, 57 and 58 [Vol. IV

AN EARLY MUSHROOM — NAUCORIA PEDIADES Fr.
Arthur L. Smith, Columbus, Ohio.

This is the first mushroom of the season. It was found April 3,
1906, growing on twigs and in the grass. Even then some of the speci-
mens showed signs of old age and decay. The plant was found in con-
siderable abundance on April 15, after a warm rain; later but two or
three were found.

Naucoria belongs to the Ochre-Spored Agarics, and corresponds to
Collybia among the White-Spored species. Indeed, on cursory examina-
tion, one would be almost sure to call it Collybia.

Atkinson says for the description of the genus, “Gills free or attached.
but not decurrent, and stem is cartilaginous.” But he does not mention
this interesting little species. Mcllvaine gives a longer description of the
genus, and lists also this species. In my specimens, the pileus was two
or three cm. broad, and quite irregular in shape. It varies from convex
when young, to flat or even retlexed when older.

The color of the pileus varies with the dryness. Most of the speci-
mens grew in moist places, and were a medium brown color. But those
that were dry on the surface and those that dried out afterwards were a
cuite light brown. ‘The contrast was marked. If the dry plants were wet,
they soon returned to the deeper brown. All parts of the plants were of
nearly the same color as the wet pileus. The spore print is ferruginous.
while the individual spores are 6x4 mic. The hollow subcartilaginous
stem is irregular and olten flattened.

Supt. M. E. Hard, to whom specimens were sent, says, “It is without
doubt ‘Naucoria pediades Fr.’, and is edible.’ I did not test its edible
qualities, but did tind when raw the taste insipid. The illustration,
Hig. 183, represents two of these plants in their native habitat.

Fig. 183. Nau-co’-rt-A PE-pI’-A-DES. For description see text.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued Monthly, Price 25c. Copies of Vol. II (1904) and Vol.
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JUN 25 1906

Mycological Bulletin

Nos. 59-60
W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University LIBRARY
Columbus, June, 1906 NEW YORK
= BOTANICAL
THE EDITOR’S EASY CHAIR. GARDEN

APPRECIATION.—Some appreciative letters have been received
from subscribers relative to the improved appearance of the Bur-
LeTIN, and for these, sincere thanks are hereby returned. I can
not forego the pleasure of allowing others to enjoy with me this
portion of one of the letters received: “The little BULLETIN is
filling a place in botanical literature hitherto wholly unoccupied.
Now as you ‘wax fat,’ do not change the nature of the publication.
If you feel like moving up into the field of ‘scientific mycology,’
you will leave behind the people for whom: it was designed, and
they would then have nothing—just as they had nothing of the
lind before the BULLETIN was started:* Keep it along the present
line.”

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS—I have to thank Miss Hyde and Messrs.
Hard and Smith for both interesting articles and illustrations of
striking mushrooms contained in this NUMBER.

More ParticuLars.—I can add that a short quotation will be
tound from Dr. Harshberger on p. 22, relative to the Peziza on
which Mr. Smith discourses. It will be noted, too, that a pen
and ink sketch of Mr. Hard’s subject (Gyromitra esculenta) was
published on p. 227. The half-tone in this NUMBER almost does
justice to the fine specimen. Miss Hyde’s Verpa is not found
every day, and we are fortunate in having been able to photograph
the specimens which she brought us.

StropitomMyces.—This peculiar tube-bearing mushroom was
illustrated on p. 100, and now Mr. A. F. Lane, Milwaukee, Wis-
consin, sends us a photograph of dry specimens (Fig. 189), which
can very appropriately find place here. See p. 240.

ABOUT GYROMITRA ESCULENTA Fr.
M. E. Hard.

Gyromitra means a much wrinkled hood. There are seven species in
this genus. It frequently grows very large, as the specimen in Figure 184
will indicate, which is eight inches hieh ard five inches across the cap.
This was fovrd in the woods near Chillicothe.

The cap is often rounded and regular as in the specimen photographed,
but frequently it is deeply lobed ard very irregular, gyrose-wrinkled, bay -
red, hollow, white within, unever.

The stem is white, stout, stvffed or hollow, covered with a mealy
substance; it is two to three inches long.

The spores are elliptical, binucleate, yellow, 20-22 mic. long.

234 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 59 and 60 [Vol. IV

This was formerly called Helvella esculenta. It is often very irregular

and attached to the stem in two or three places. It is easily recognized
from its bay-red color and its brain-like folds.
_ , It grows beside old stumps and prefers a_ sandy soil. It is said to be
injurious to some people. I have eaten it without any bad results, but I
was careful to use only young and fresh specimens. I should advise not
to eat it unless carefully parboiled. It is considered dangerous.

NOTES FROM MUSHROOM LITERATURE, I.
W. A. Kellerman.

A summary of interesting articles on Mushrooms found in various
periodicals and brief quotations will occupy) some space in the BULLETIN
when available. We call attention first to a note published in Torreya
recently by Mr. C. C. Hammer. These are his words:

“A Note regarding the Discharge of Spores of Pleurotus ostreatus.—
A few evenings since a friend brought me a fine plant of the above
species, consisting of about twenty-five pileoli, growing from a common
base and arranged in the form of a large rosette, about twelve inches in
diameter and of about the same height. Knowing the plant to be very
fresh, not yet forty-eight hours old, I decided to keep it and cook it upon
the following day. For the night it was left upon my study table,
in the same position in which it grew (gills downward). Early the next
morning my attention was called to the plant by my wife who asked me to
come and observe it. It happened to be exposed to a very strong morning
sunlight, which cntered the window three or four feet away. The spores
were arising from the plant like tiny spirals of smoke or steam, to the
height of two or three feet, making to us a very strange sight. At first
I doubted :t the “smoke’’ were really spores, but after a careful microscopic
examination of some which were caught upon a slide, this point was defi-
nitely settled. Perhaps other agarics spore in a similar manner, but never
having had conditiors favorable before I cannot say. Certainly the fact was
interesting to me and for this reason I publish it. I have upon numerous
oecasions observed the momentary expulsion of spores from fungi such as
Bulgaria rufa ard Sarcoscypha fleccosa, but with these plants the spore-
discharge seems to cccur when they are first touched, and then only.”

ANOTHER.—New species of Mchrooms have been described hy
Professor Atikinson in the Journal cf Mycology, some of which should be
recounted here :—

“PRELIMINARY Notes oN SoME NEw Species oF FuncGi.—AGARICUS
CRETACELLUS, Atkirson, n. sp—Plants gregarious, sometimes a few joined
at the hase; 5-8 cm. high, pileus 4-7 cm. broad, stems 6-10 mm. in thickness.
PiLeus white convex to expanded, thin, smooth, sometimes inclined to be
slightly viscid in wet weather, when leaves cling to the surface; sometimes
with slight yellowish stains, flesh white with a tinge of pink sometimes.
GILLS narrow, 3-4 mm., narrowed behind, free, first white, then pink, and
Jater dark greyish brown, not becoming blackish. The caps are sometimes
fully expanded when the gills show only a slight tinge of pink. Spores
4-5x3¢. STEM tapering frem the enlarged hase, white, smooth ahove the
annulus, chalky white below ard covered with minute powdery scales often
arranged in irregular corcentric rings below; stem solid but the center less
dense. ANNULUS persistent, white, smooth above, the lower surface with
very fine floccose scales similar to those on the stem from which the an-
nulus was separated. Odor and taste of almonds, as in A. arvensis. Grow-
ing in leaf mold, woods, Cascadilla creek, Ithaca, N. Y. C. U. herb. No.
5359, collected hy Geo. F. Atkinson, September 7, 1900.

“AMANITA FLAVOCONIA, Atkinson n. sp.—-Plants usually scattered,
sometimes gregarious, 6-12 em. high, pileus 3-8 cm. broad stems 4-15 mm.

June, 1906. |

Mycological Bulletin Nos.

)-MI’-I1RA ES-CU-LEN’-TA. See text. M.

59

and 60.

[lard, Chillicothe, Ohio.

|

236 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 59 and 60 [Vol. IV

thick. PiLeus convex then expanded, plain or broadly umbonate, fleshy,
very thin except at the center, chrome yellow to orange yellow, darker
when young and on the center, smooth, that is not striate, viscid, flesh
white, covered with numerous small flocculent patches or heaps of frag-
ments of the yellow powdery volva, which is easily removed and in wet
weather sometimes is entirely absent from the pileus. Grits broad in the
larger specimens, narrow in the smaller ones, 4-8 mm. broad, rounded at
each end, free, not very crowded, white, very finely serrate or fimbriate
from threads which attached the gills to the stem in the young plants.
Spores oval-ovate, white, 6-9x4-6u. StrEMs stuffed, straight or flexuous,
slightly tapering from the bulbous base, and at the apex broadening slight-
ly, covered with flocculent scales, tinged with sulphur, fine sulphur powder
above the annulus, portions below the annulus covered with powdery
masses or particles of the universal veil. Bulb not very prominent, smooth
or rarely somewhat cracked, powdered with remnants of the volva. AN-
NULUS sulphur yellow or chrome yellow, membranous. The voLva or uni-
versal veil consists of a yellowish powdery substance which separates into
numerous powdery masses, covering the pileus and base of the stem, but
which easily falls away.

Fig. 185. Pr-z1'-za RE-PAN’-ra. Photo from specimens ccllected at Columbus, Chio-
Arthur L. Smith.

June, 1906. ] Mycological Bulletin Nos. 59 and 60

rw)
re)
-~t

ANOTHER PEZIZA.
Arthur L,. Smith.

Peziza repanda Wahl. is a small, rather inconspicuous fungus growing
on old wet logs. Specimens were found May 11, 1906, on an old elm log
in the O. S: U. woods. In the dark, moist woods, one sees only a group of
light, fleshy fungi; but taken out into the sunshine, they become remarkably
beautiful objects. The cups are translucent, and the sunshine gives them
a delicate golden brown. This, with the purplish brown color of the dry
cup rims, produces an effect highly artistic.

When first distinguishable, the future cup is a tiny white knot on the
surface of the log. This grows, so that soon a hollow sphere, with an

Ti. 186. Pe-zi’-za Re-rAn’-ra. _Magnificd sketch cf a portion cf the fruiting Ioyer
(inner portion of cup)—showing asci accompanied with paraphyses and three
sporcs very highly magnified.

opening at the top, is produced. But soon this begins to flatten and expand
laterally, at last producing an irregular flattened disk with smali upturned
edges. The disks are irregular in outline. In diameter they vary from
2—6 cm. On the outside of the cup is a scurfy white layer. The remain-
der is a fleshy tint. In drying the tissue becomes darker, and may even
reach a purplish brown. The exposed edges dry out and change color first,
then later the whole plant goes through the same change.

There are two primary layers in the structure of the Pezizas; the inner
fruiting layer or hymerium, and the outer sterile tissue. This latter is
composed of several more cr less distinct parts, whose names would only
add to our burden. On the arrangement and structure of these sterile
layers, the classificaticn is largely based. E. J. Durand, of Cornell, the
authority on fleshy Discomycetes, has largely extended the use of these
characters.

On the hymenial surface are bore the asci, or large mother celis of the
snores, ard a few sterile paraphyses, or accesscry hairs. In these speci-
mers the latter cre few, very much less numerous than in the other

238 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 59 and 60 [Vol. IV

Pezizas examined. They are also shorter than the average of other species.
Yhe asci are quite large, 270x12 mic. In each are eight spores, which
are discharged when ripe, at the free end. These spores are smooth, thin-
walled, hyaiine, and ron-rucleate. Size 14x9 mic.

Some yourg specimens observed from May 11 to May 25 discharged
spores during tnat time. The spores are often seen as little white clouds
hanging above the cups. This phenomenon was often seen several times
daily during the whole period. The immense number of spores given off
by each Peziza can be more easily imagined than expressed.

Explanation of the figures——The half-tore fig. 185 represents several
plants natural size. Two above are immature—the cups scarcely open.
The others show various forms assumed on maturity. Fig. 186 gives in
outline, much magnified, several asci with spores, intermingled with which
are twe pataphyses; three spores are shewn still more highly macnifed.

Vig, 187. VER’-PA DIG-I-TAL-I-FOR’-MIS. Photo from specimens collected at Lancaster,
Chio, by Miss Hyde. See text for fuller explanaticn.

June, 1906.] Mycological Bulletin Nos. 59 and 60 239

NOTES ON A VERPA.
Edith Hyde, Lancaster, O.

The interesting fungus shown in Fig. 187, called by the botanists Verpa
digitaliformis, was found north of Lancaster, in a cool, mojfst and shady
ravine early in May. The color of its pileus, or cap, is a kind of olive-
umber, while the stem is nearly white, with a very slight reddish tinge.
‘The pileus is campanulate, or bell-shaped, 4—%, in. high, fitting over the
stem, but not attached except at the very top. Its surface has the char-
acteristic smoothness of the Verpas. The stem appears smooth to the naked
eye except for the few reddish rootlike shreds found at the base. It is
filted with a loosely fibrous pith. It is about 3—4 in. high, and one-third
to three-quarters inch thick.

The asci are long, regular, colorless cells, situated on the under side
of the cap. Each ascus produces eight spores within. Figure 188 shows
four of these asci, one of which is spontaneously breaking open at the end
in the characteristic manner and thus liberating the spores. ‘The spores
are elliptical and almost free of the granular contents, so conspicuous in the
spores of some genera of fungi.

This species is edible according to the mycophagists, and resembles
the Helvella in its delicacy. It is said to be on sale in the markets in Italy.
It was named by Persoon, an eminent European botanist, a century ago.
He gave it the name digitaliformis (meaning finger) becatise suggestive of
the “shape of the pileus, which fits like a thimble over the stem. The
generic name J’erpa (meaning a rod) was probably given to the genus
because of the prominence of the rod-like stem.

This mushroom belongs to the family Helwellaceae. ‘This family
includes four important genera, which may be divided irto two groups.

@
: Asceé Pee

Fig. 188. VeEr’-PA pIG-I-TAL-I-For’-MIs. A sketch of asci with spores, also paraphyses
highly magnified.

240 Mycological Bulletin Nos, 59 and 60 [Vol. IV

The first, including the Helvella and the Verpa, is characterized especially
by the pileus or cap being free from the sides of the stem. The second
group, including the Morchella and Gyromitra, has the pileus entirely
attached to the stem. These genera need not be confused, since the
Helvella has a drooping pileus, irregularly lobed or waved, while the Verpa
has the drooping pileus but comparatively smooth and with an entire
margin. The Morchella, on the other hand, has the pileus attached to the
stem and covered with deep irregular pits, while the Gyromitra, also
attached, is composed of rounded, variously contorted folds.

Explanation of figures:—The accompanying half-tone is a life size
reproduction from a photograph of five of the specimens. The one in the
upper right hand corner is old with a split and ragged pileus; the one just
below it is a vertical section, showirg the pithy contents of the stem. The
two circles in the middle below are cross-sections of the stem. The outline
sketches, Fig. 188, represent asci and paraphyses; one ascus is broken open
to discharge the spores. ‘he paraphyses or slender cells accompanying the
asci have septa, or cross-walls, which is not a common characteristic.
The plants in the half-tone are represented natural size; the outline figures
of asci. paraphyses and spores are highly magnified.

Fig. 189. StTRO-BI-LOM’-Y-CES STRO-VI-IA’-cE-us. A mushroom belorging to the fami y
Bo-LE-TA’-CE-AE—having peres on the under side of the cam somewhat similar toa
Polypores. The peculiar wart-like tufts give it a strange aspect and seen in
the field or open woods it would never be mistaken. This half-tone from a

photograph taken in the winter by Mr. A. F. Lane, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, illus-
trates the appearance of a preserved dry specimen.

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and Hepatics. The Mosses will receive ample treatment
and all classes be fully illustrated. It is indispensable to the
bryologist as well as the amateur. It is the organ of the Sulli-
vant Moss Chapter and all interested in the study are invited to
join. Membership dues $1.10 a year, carries subscription to
the journal. Single subscriptions $1.00 a year. Send for sam-

ple copy. Issued bi-monthly. Address
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Mycological Bulletin
Nos. 61-62

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

- LiB
Columbus, July, 1906 RARY
YVEW VOR!

EDITOR’S NOTES.

SETTLED.—The prolonged consideration of the postal status
of the BULLETIN is happily terminated as the second-class entry
note on the cover indicates. We had always considered our matter
second class but the authorities were disposed to rate it higher!
Yut the red tape has all been unwound and we can mail the
3ULLETIN hereafter without embarassment.

Figures AND TExtT.—Some variation in matter as well as
illustrations will be seen—for example we have drawn on Pro-
fessor Atkinson’s excellent book for a note on the uses of Mush-
rooms; then the peculiar growths on the common Hackberry tree
are illustrated—where a fungus (though not called a Mushroom)
is concerned as one of the causes.

THe Funcus oF THE Hackperry BrANcH-KNot.—The
Witches’ Brooms, as they may be called, which are so common on
the Hackberry tree, illustrated in Figs. 193 and 194, are caused
by a mite (of the genus Phy-top-tus) and a Leaf-Mildew fungus
associated. The distortion consists of multiplied branchlets due to
the irritation of the two organisms. The explanation under the
cuts (especially under Fig. 192) is perhaps all that is needed at
present.

AN INTERESTING CORDYCEPS.
M. E. Hard.

Corpycers is from a Greek word meaning a club and a Latin word
meaning a head. This is a genus of Pyrenomycetous fungi of which a few
grow upon other fungi and grasses but by far the greater number are para-
sitic upon insects or their larva. The larva stage suffers most frequently
from the parasitic fungi.

There are two species of Cordyceps found in the woods or wooded
places of great interest to the mycologist. They are parasitic on Elaph-
myces which are truffle-like growths found in soils. They are Cordyceps
cephioglossoides, Adder’s Tongue Cordyceps and Cordyceps capitata. The
eee like growth upon which they are found and the form of the fruiting
ody as indicated by their specific names, will clearly identify them.
Plant lice and flies suffer from attacks of fungi. The common house
Fy will frequently be seen hanging to the window pane surrounded by a
— Visible halo of fungus spores which have been thrown from the fungus
S sacs and caught on the glass. A great portion of which were thrown into the
SS

242 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 61 and 62 [Vol. IV

air where they float about until they come into contact with other flies.
When a spore comes in centact with a healthy fly a fungus thread Is pro-
duced which soon makes its way to the inside ard continues to branch and
grow till it kills the fly when it comes to the surface and forms a new crop
of spores.

One of the most interesting group of parasitic fungi are the beetle
fungi. They are extremely small and can only be seen by a strong lens.
They are iourd on the legs of the water beetles and usually found on a
certain joint cf one leg. This localization is accounted for on the ground
that pliant sexes are often fermed on different plants so sexual cells of
fungi may be brought in certact by the breeding acts of the insects.

Fig. 190. Cor’-pY-cEPS HER-CU’-LE-A. GIANT CATERPILLAR FunGus. See text for ex-
planation. M. E. Hard, Chillicothe, Ohio.

The caterpillar fungus is the most common and presents many interest-
ing features because of its ability to produce a variety of spores, each
specialized for a definite purpose. Spores may be produced upon fruiting
bodies similar to figure 190. As soon as a spore falls upon a caterpillar it
germinates, sending out germ-threads in the body cavity. Here these germ-
threads form new spores which move freely in the fluid of the caterpillar.
These spores germinate until the entire body cavity and muscle fiber are
thoroughly permeated by mycelium threads.* These threads continue to
branch and grow until they have absorbed all the larva’s soft parts, retaining
not only the external form of the caterpillar but also the internal form of

July, 1906.] Mycolegical Bulletin Nos. 61 and 62 243

its organs. It is a complete fac-simile of the larva made up of fungus
growth. This may be called a resting or storage organ. This requires
time to ripen. It may send up an orange-colored club-shaped body as in
figure 190 or it may produce a dense growth of threads resembling a smali
bali of cotton and from these threads another kind of spores is produced.
This new kind of spore affects the larva in the same way as the kind al-
ready described. The caterpillar will continue to move sluggishly for some
distance after it has been thus infected. The caterpillar fungus is of great
economic value for thousards of larvae are killed in this way every year.

One of the largest forms of the caterpillar fungi is Cor’-py-CEPS HER-
cu’-LE-A Schw. An excellent representation is given in the half tone. figure
190. It is called herculea because of its large size. The species can be
readily identified from this cut. It grows from the body of a large white
grub found on rotten wood. A perfect form of the grub is retained yet
every bit of the larva has been coverted into fungus starch for storage
material.

The plant is quite large, clavate in form, head oblong, round, slightly
tapering upward with a decided protuberance at the apex as will be seen
in the half tone. The head is a light yellow in all specimens I found, not
alutaceous as Schweinitz states, nor is the head obtuse. They are found
in August and September.

USE OF MUSHROOMS.
Geo. F. Atkinson, Cornell University.

Another very favorable indication accompanying the ircreasing in-
terest in the study of these plants, is the recognition of their importarce
as objects for nature study. There are many useful as well as interestirg
lessons taught by mushrooms to those who stop to read their stories. The
long growth period of the spawn in the ground, or in the tree trunk, where
it may sometimes be imprisoned for years, sometimes a century, or more,
before the mushroom appears, is calculated to dispel the popular notion that
the mushroom “grows in the right.” Then from the button stage to the ripe
fruit, several days, a week, a month, or a year may be needed, according
to the kind, while some fruiting forms are known to live from several to
eighty cr more years. ‘The adjustment of the fruit cap to a position most
suitable for the scattering of the spores, the different ways in which the
fruit cap opers and expands, the different forms of the fruit surface, their
colors and other peculizrities, suggest topics for instructive study and ob-
servation. The inclination, just now becoming apparent, to extend nature
study topics to irclude mushrcems is an evidence of a broader and more
sympathetic attitude toward nature.

A little extension cf one’s observation on the habits of these plants in

244 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 61 and 62 [Vol. IV

of the page.

bottom

at

See explanation

CAM-PAN-U-LA’-1US.

Pa-NAE’-O-LUS

Pa-NAE'-0-LUS.—This a genus of black-spored Agarics, somewhat re-
sembling the species of Coprinus, but the gills not deliquescing or dis-
solving into ink as in case of the latter genus. The pileus is somewhat
leshy or thin and the margin even (not striate). The genus is further
characterized as having gills not uniform in color, being clouded or spot-
ted with black or brown colors, the edges of the gills often white in con-
trast. The stem is usually smooth.

The species shown on this page was collected near Columbus. Ohio;
it grew from old horse dung in a pasture, the plants being few and scat-
tered. Mellvaine says he has “several times eaten of this fungus in small
quantities, because larger could not be obtained, and with no other than
pleasant effect.” But he advises caution because a case of poisoning from
eating this species was reported in 1816 in the London Medical and Sur-
gical Journal,

July, 1906. ] Mycological Bulletin Nos. 61 and 62 245

the woods will reveal the fact that certain ones are serious enemies of tim-
her trees and timber. It is quite easy in many cases for one possessing no
technical knowledge of the subject to read the story of these “wood de-
stroying” fungi in the living tree. Branches broken by snow, by wind, or
by falling timber provide ertrance areas where the spores, lodging on the
heart wood of broken timber, or on a bruise on the side of the trunk which
has broken through the living part of the tree lying just beneath the bark,
provide a point for entrance. The living substance (protoplasm) in the
spawn exudes a “juice” (enzyme) which dissolves an opening in the
wood cells and permits the spawn to enter the heart of the tree, where decay
rapidly proceeds as a result. But very few of these plants can enter the tree
when the living part underneath the bark is unbroken. .

These observations suggest useful topics for thought. They suggest
practical methods of prevention, careful forestry treatment and careful
lumbering to protect the young growth when timber trees are felled. They
suggest careful pruning of fruit and shade trees, by cutting limbs smooth
and close to the trurk, and then paintirg the smooth surface with some
lead paint.-—Mushrooms, Fdible, Poisonous, ete.

Fig. 192. Macnrriep figures cf pcrtions of the Leaf-mildew Fungus that causes (in
conjunction with a mite) the Branch-knots or distortions on Hackberry
trees, similar to Witches’-brooms, the latter shown in Figs. 193 and 194.
Minute spores are shown at 1 and 2 which are produced early in the sea-
son, and later minute, scarcely visible, black spore-ceses (shown at 38 and
4) are formed; these contain sacs (asct) of spores

eight in each sac or
ascus (shown at 5): speres escrped from the ascus are shown (at 6). The
botanical name of this microscopic fungus is Sphae-ro-the’-ca_ phy-top-
toph'-i-la.

246 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 61 and 62 [Vol. IV

a small

Fig. 193. BrRANCH-KNOT OR WircueEs’-proom of the Hackberry tree, caused by

mite and a wicroscopic fungus.

July, 1906.] Mycologica! Bulletin Nos. 61 and 62 247

NOTES FROM MUSHROOM LITERATURE. II.
W. A. Kellerman.

Tue VETERAN AMERICAN Mycotocist, Professor Charles H. Peck,
Albany, N. Y., describes several new species of Mushrooms, in_ the
February No. of the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club (1905). They
are as follcws:

Lepiota maculans Peck; fourd in September at St. Louis, by Dr. N.
M. Glatfelter. Prof. Peck adds: This is a small but pretty species, easily
known by tke flesh of both pileus and stem changing to a reddish color
where wounded and by the lamellae assum irg a reddish or pink color with
age cr in Crying.

Mycena denticulata Peck; St. Louis, August, Dr. Glatfelter. Puileus
12-20 mm. broad: stem 5-7 cm. long, 1-2 mm. thick.

Pleurotus umbonatus Peck, on the ground, Kittanning, Pa. D. R.
Sun:stire.

Lactarius sumstinei Peck; grassy places in open woods, Kittarning,
Pa., Prof. Peck says this is related to such species as Lactarius [uligin-
osus, L. gerardi and L. lignyotus; but it may be separated from the first by
its urchangeable milk and its more distant lamellae, and from the others
by its ecrid taste.

Marasmius sutliffae Peck; collected on lawn in shady places, Sacramen-
to, Califorria, by Miss M. L. Sutliff, who says that in a test of its edible qual-
ities, she found that cooking seemed to intensify its bitter flavor and make
it rival that of quinine.

Panus meruliiceps Peck: on trurks of elm trees, collected by Dr.
Glatfelter, St. Louis, Mo.

Flammula multifolia Peck; on decaying wood in ravines. Dr. N. M.
Glatfelter, St. Louis, Mo.

Cortinarius braendlci Peck; among fallen leaves in woods, Washing-
ton, D. C., collected by F. J. Braendle.

Cortinarius morrissti Peck; moist shaded places under hemlock trees,
at Ellis, Mass., August to October; collected by G. E. Morris.

Stropharia schraderi Peck; in sandy, grassy soil about stumps, Wash-
irgton, D. C.; collected by F. F. Schrader.

Psathyra multipedata Peck; densely cespitose, forming tufts of many
individuals, in grassy ground, St. Louis, Mo., N. M. Glatfelter.

Geopyxis nebulosiodes Peck; on decorticated wood, Carada, J.
Macoun.

Tue NortH AMERICAN SPECIES OF MARASMIus.— Prof. A. P. Morgan
has printed in the Journal of Mycology a monograph of this genus which
studerts find very useful. The author is one of our leading - mycoiogists
and he has for some time devoted much attention to the species of
Marasmius. We enumerates 162 forms and also adds 6 species of
Heliomyces. Vhe latter are tremelloid when fresh and growing, bot
dry they have the appearance of species of Marasmius. No doubt (Prof
Morgan says) some tropical species of Mycena and Marasmius described
from the dried specimens belong properly in Heliomyces. The speciss of
Marasmius are grouped under several sections, and under these divisions
are made in a syroptical manner, so that the student who undertakes the
study cf this interesting group has his labors lightened by the reason of
the descriptive head-lines. The morograph can be obtained in pamphlet
form as a reprirt from the Journal of Mycology.

248 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 61 and 62 [Volaiang

f

|

|

ene ia ita tT a a a ll ll ml RE i ie al i

Fig. 194. Brancu-Knor or Witcues’-proom of the Hackberry tree—similar to that
shown in Fig. 198, but photographed in the winter when the tree was
destitute of leaves. See explanation in the text, also under Fig. 192, where
the fungus is illustrated.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued Monthly, Price 25c. Copies of Vol. II (1904) and Vol
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MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

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THE BRYOLOGI S24

For 1906, Vol. 9, will continue the series of articles on Lichens

and Hepatics. The Mosses will receive ample treatment

and all classes be fully illustrated. It is indispensable to the

bryologist as well as the amateur. It is the organ of the Sulli-

vant Moss Chapter and all interested in the study are invited to .

join. Membership dues $1.10 a year, carries subscription to
the journal. Single subscriptions $1.00 a year. Send for sam-

ple copy. Issued bi-monthly. Address .
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:

F

Mycological Bulletin

LIBRARY

Nos. 63-64 NEW YORK

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University BOTANICAL
Columbus, August, 1906 GARDEN

bY WAY OF EXPLANATION:

We are favored again with a short article by Superintendent
Hard and are able to reproduce one of his photographs illus-
trating the subject.

We have to thank also Professor Atkinson, whom we draw
upon again for some interesting statements as to the uses of
Mushrooms, which Fe has published j in his excellent book, Mush-
rooms, Edible and Poisonous.

Other Figures which we present are a neat little Marasmius,
which we do not want to eat, but do went to look at (beauty is
its own excuse for being). Then the Mycena follows—another
charming little plant of the woods; the Pluteus cervinus, which
we have once before illustrated, all ought to know (it has pinkish
gills, the color deepening after the cap has expanded for a time—
they are white at first: the stem can be easily twisted out of a
socket-like cavity)—this medium-sized Mushroom being one
among the best edible species; then the last page shows one of
the Puffbolls—Scleroderma as it is called rightly, because it has
a hard wall or covering.

grettable mistake in regard to placing one
of the illustrations in the last nvmber was made, and readers are
therefore requested kindly to change the name Panzolus cam-
panulatus (Fig. 191) to Stro-pha’-ri-a sem-i-glo-bo'-sa. The
correct half-tone of Peneclus campanulatus will be given in a
future number.

.
Ga SS
-

A WORD ABOUT PLEUROTUS ULMARIUS
M. E. Hard.
Columbus, Ohio, August, 1906.

The pileus is from two to fourteen inches across, obtuse, smooth,
sometimes scaly, very white within, compact, thick, sometimes inclined
to be marbled with livid spots, moist, margin smooth or even. ;

The gills are adnate, scmetimes slightly decurrert, sometimes slightly
notched, somewhat crowded, bread, white er whitish.

The stem is often eccentric, two to three inches long, one inch thick,
usually curved as in the figure, solid, firm, thickered at the base, smooth,
sometimes tomentose, especially at the base. The spores are nearly round,
the diameter being .C0(2 in.

This plant usually grows on elm logs yet I have found it on hickory

250 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 63 avd 64. [Vol. IV

logs and sturrps. It is very meaty and sweet, one of our best mushrooms
to eat. It sometimes grows very large and one plant will make several
meals.

It is a later grower than the oyster mushroom. I have never fourd
it till late in the summer and in the fall. It is frequently found in
the cities where the elm trees have ben trimmed or injured.

article.

Hard’s

For explanation see Supt.

UL-MA’-RI-US.

P EvU-RO’-TUS

195.

August, 1906. } Mycological Bulletin Nos. 63 and 64. 251.

MGTES FROM MUSHROOM LITERATURE. II.

W. A. Kellerman.

MusHroom Report From SwitzERLAND.—In tke report of the Botani-
cal Garden and Museum of Zurich, Switzcrland, for 1904, an account is
given of the sale cf Mushrooms in the market of that city. Sale can
be made only upen authorization, <nd €C6 permits were granted during
the season. The greatest sale was on the 27th of September, on which
day 40 permits were granted for the sale of 8 species. Six interdictions
were served on sellers who offered the folowing poisonous or spoiled

Mushrooms: Amanita muscaria, Lactarius rugis, Lactarius piperatus,
Poletus edulis and Clavaria flava.
The amount sold reached 5,000 k. The species were the following:

Lactarius deliciosus, Amanita cesarea, Agaricus campestris, Hydnum
coralloides, Boletus badius (?), Boletus aurantiacus (?), Poletus edulis,
Lactarius yvolemus, Lactarius piperatus, the Morelle, Lepiota procera,
[luteus cervinus (?), Polyporus sulfureus, Russula sp., Lycoperdon sp.,
Hydnum repandum, Craterellus cornucopioides and Tuber cilarium.

The reviewer who furnished the above items says in substance the
following by way of) general comment: It would be very useful to have
similar statistical tables systematically made in cil the more important
cities. One would then have data for a report on the geographical dis-
tribution of the edible Mushrooms, and at the same time information
as to the quantity consumed. It may be remarked also that it is im-
perative in reports of this kind, to designate the species by their Latin
names as well as by their ccmmon names; foreigners could then
without difficulty identify the specics—often a task, or impossible, if only

the common name is given.
MusHrooms Sotp at NAnNtTEs.—A list of species of Mushrooms sold

Fic. 196. Ma-RAs’-mMI-US RA-ME-A’-LIs. One of the many beautiful species of an
interesting genus of plants. The specimens were collected by Supt. Hard, Chillicothe,
Ohio,

.

252. Mycological Bulletin Nos. 63 and 64. [Vol. IV

at Nantes, France, in 1905, furnished by M. Baret, is as follows: Amanita
cesarea, Lepiota procera, Lepiota rhacodes, Lepiota excoriata, Lepiota
pudica, Psalliota pratensis, Psalliota sylvatica, Psalliota bernardii, Clitopi-
lus orcella, Marasmius oreades, Lentinus tigrinus, Tricholoma person-
atum, Clitocybe laccata, Boletus edulis, Boletus zstivalis, Boletus zereus,
Boletus scaber, Boletus scaber var. aurantiacus, Boletus luteus, Fistulina
hepatica, Hydnum repandum, Craterellus cornucopioides, and Lycoperdon
giganteum.

THE GENUS CORTINARIUS.—Some excellent work has been done on
this genus by C. H. Kauffman, at Cornell University, during the past
three seasons, the results of which in part are published in the Bulletin
of the Torrey Botanical Club for June, 1905. In a future number we
propose to refer more fully to the article and will here only reproduce
the descriptions of a few of the rew species therein contained. These
pertain to interesting plants. Mr. Kauffman says it is absolutely useless
to pick up an old dried specimen of Cortinarius end ask any one to
recognize it. In the majority of cases old plants of different species
look so much alike that it is mere guessing to say anything about them.
The first thing to remember (he says) is that young, unexpanded plants
must be examined as well as mature ones. Next, a careful description
must be made «with special reference to the: color cf the gills of the
young plants. But the remaining space must be given to some of his new
species—these model descriptions being as follows:

CorTINARIUS STERILIS Kauffman n. sp.—Pileus 1.5—4.5 cm. broad,
suborbicular when young, then convex-expanded, margin incurved, drab,
drab-gray to olive-buff [Ridgeway’s Nomenclature], even, smooth, ziscid,
somewhat umbonate at times, flesh white, soft, thin. Gills relatively
broad, 4.6 mm., drab-gray (Ridg.) at first, then light cinnamon, rounded
behind, then emarginate, not at all ventricose, rather crowded; edge
serrulate and white, later eroded, provided with sterile cells. Cortina
white or sordid. Stem 4 to 8 cm. long, 4-6 mm. thick at base 10 mm.,
hence clavate or tapering upward, solid, spongy, dingy-white, tinged to-
wards apex with lieht blue, clothed when fresh with the delicate patches
of the viscid, universal veil, which is of the same color as the pileus,
within pale bluish at apex, white below. Spores 6-7x5-6.5 mic., subsphze-
roid, rather smooth. Plants slender.

CoRTINARIUS CYLINDRIPES Kauffman n. sp.—Pileus 3-7 cm. broad,
very glutinous at first and shining, later opaque, at the very first lavender,
then yellowish with a violaceous tinge, at length becoming brownish-
ochraceous, with the appearance of being stained with these colors at
various stages, obtusely orbicular when young, then campanulate and
expanded, rather small in comparison with the length of the stem;
margin incurved and pellucid-striate; surface smooth, at length longi-
tudinally wrinkled. Flesh thick on disk, thin elsewhere, violaceous, soon
dingy white. Gills rather broad, at length 5g mm., adnate, emarginate,
not attenuate toward margin of pileus, ziolaccous or lavender when young.
becoming pale cinnamon, not crowded, thin, edge serrulate and_ paler,
somewhat wrirkled at the sides but rot veined. Stem 8-10 cm. long,
5-9 mm, thick, elastic, remarkably equal, covered by a violaceous, glutinous,
universal veil which sometimes remains as evanescent patches and at its
junction with the partial veil as a slivht annulus, smooth or fibrillose-
striate at apex, violaceous or dingy-white within, solid or stuffed; entire
stem usually a beautiful pale, azure blue. Spores 12-1 x6.5-8 mic., slightly
tuberculate ; basidia about 10 mic. long.

Gregarious, rarely cespitose. Frtire rlant is soft and quickly decays.

Related to C. elatior, from which it differs in its equal stem, which is
never scaly and is always violaceous to blue; the gills are lavender when
young and the whole plant is very viscous.

August, 1906. ] Mycological Bulletin Nos. 63 and 64. . 2

ou

CoRTINARIUS OLIVACEO-STRAMINEUS Kauffman n. sp.—Pileus 4-7 cm.
broad, viscid from a gelatinous cuticle, broadly convex, slightly depressed
in the centre when exparded, margin incurved for some time, pale
siraw-yellow with an olivaceous tinge, slightly rufous-tinged when old,
smooth or silky-fibrillose, disk sometimes covered with minute squamules,
shieds of the partial veil attached to the margin when expanded. Flesh
very thick, becoming abruptly thin toward the margin, white, dingy-yel-
lowish in age, soon soft and spongy. Gills rather narrow, 7 mm. broad,
sinuate-adnexed, whitish at first, then pale cinnamon, crowded, edge ser-
ratulate and paler. Stem 6-8 cm. long, 5-12 mm. thick, with a slight
bulb when young, from whose cares arises the dense partial veil; white
and very pruirate above the veil, which remains as dingy fibrils stained by
the spores, spongy and soft sctiins becoming somewhat hollow. Veil
white with an olive tinge. Spores 10-12 x 5.5-6.5 mic., granular within,
almost smooth. Odor agreezble.

To be placed under the Civision “scaxrus”’, where it comes near C.
h.rpeticus br., but the gills when young are 1 ever violet-tinged.

Fig. 197. My-ce’NA GA-LER-Ic-U-LA’-Ta. Little plants that grow on rotten wood
in shady, moist places; comnion and abundant throughout the season. Said to be

edible.

254 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 63 and 64. ; [Vol. IV

Fig. 198. PLu’-TE-us cEeR-vi’-Nus. Edible. A rosy-spered Agaric, without volva

or annulus; common and widely distributed, growing on ro.ten wood under the
ground, on stumps, and still more abundant on old piles of sawdust. ‘The speci-
mens from whihe the half-tone was made were collected at Chillicothe, Ohio.

August, 1966. ] Mycological Bulletin Nos. 63 and 64. 25%

or

USES OF MUSHROOMS.
Geo. F. Atkinson, Cornell University.

While we are thus apt to regard many of the mushrooms as ene-
mies to the forest, they are, at the same time, of incalculable use to
the forest. ‘he mushrooms zie nature’s most active agents in the
disposal of the forest’s waste u.aterial. Forests that have developed
without the guidance of man have been absolutely dependent upon
them for their continued existence. Where the species of mush-
rooms are comparatively few which attack living trees, there are
hundreds of kinds ready to strike into fallen timber. There is a de-
gree of moisture present on the forest fioor exactly suited to the rapid
growth of the mycelium of numbers of species in the bark, sap wood,
aud heart wood of the fallen trees or shrubs. In a few years the
branches begin to crumble because of the disorganizing effect of the
mycelium of the wood. It gradually passes into the soil of the forest
tloor, and is made available food for the living trees. How often one
notices that seedling trees and shrubs start more abundantly on rotting
logs.

The fallen leaves, too, are seized upon by the mycelium of a great
variety of mushrooms. It is through the action of the mycelium of
mushrooms of every kind that the fallen forest leaves, as well as the
trunks and branches, are converted into food for the living trees.
The fungi, are, therefore, one of the most important agents in pro-
viding available food for the virgin forest.

The spawn of some fungi in the forest goes so far, in a number of
cases, as to completely envelope those portions of the roots of cer-
tain trees as to prevent the possibility of the roots taking up food
material and moisture on their own account. In such cases, the oaks,
beeches, horn-beams, and the like, have the younger parts of their
roots completely enveloped with a dense, coat of mycelium. The
mycelium in these cases absorbs the moisture from the soil or forest
{oor and conveys it over to the roots of the tree, and in this way
s1pplies them with both food and water from the decaving humus,
the oak being thus dependent on the mycelium. In the fields, how-
ever, where there is not the abundance of humus and decaying leaves
present in the forest, the coating of mycelium on the roots of these
trees is absent, and in this latter case the young roots are provided
with root hairs which take up the moisture and food substances from
the soil in the ordinary way.

The mushrooms also prevent the forest from becoming choked
or strangled by its own fallen members. Were it not for the action
of the mushroom mycelium in causing the decay of fallen timber in
the forest, in time it would be piled so high as to allow only a miser-
able existence to a few choked individuals. The action of the mush-
rooms in thus disposing of the fallen timber in the forests, and in
converting dead trees ard fallen leaves into available food for the
living ones, is probably the most important role in the existence of
these plants. Mushrooms, then, are to be given very high rank among
the natural agencies which have contributed to the good of the world.
When we contemplate the vast areas of forest in the world we can
gain some idea of the stupendous work performed by the mushrooms
ir “house cleaning,” and in “preparing food.” work in which they are
still engaged.

—Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, Etc.

256 Mycologiccl Bulletin Nos. 63 and 64. [Vol. TV

Fig. 199. ScLEr-0-DER’-MA VUL-GA’-RE.. A puff-ball with a firm, ccrky, warty wall
or covering, growing in sandy soil or clay, in sheltered places, seldom on
wood. The plants from which the photo was made were collected at Co-
lumbus, Ohio. ‘This species is widely distributed, occuring in Europe,
Africa, and Australia as well as in North America. It was known to the
early botanists and has been repeatedly renamed, the following being some
of the synonyms: Lycoperdon cervinum, L. aurantiacum, L. tessellatum,
Scleroderma citrinum, S. aurantiacum.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued Monthly, Price 25c. Copies of Vol. II (1904) ané@ Vol
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SEPTEMBER, 1906 NOS. 65-66

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For 1906, Vol. 9, will continue the series of articles on Lichens
and Hepatics. The Mosses will receive ample treatment
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Nos. 65-66 LIBRAR)
N 7
W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University : EW YORK
‘Columbus, September, 1906 OTANICAL
GARDEN,

PwWORD OR TWO BY THE EDITOR:

Our coadjutors who have made it possible to issue a very
interesting Number have our special thanks—and others are also
urged to make contributions in the way of short articles, notes,
specimens, and photographs.

The note on Spore discharge of Bulgaria is interesting, and
others will doubtless test the conclusion which O. E. Jennings
has announced, namely, that the factor inducing it is alternate
expansion and contraction of the spore bearing surface, due to
varying degrees of heat, and that a varying moisture content can,
at least, be of but secondary importance.

In Mushroom Literature we have given much space to the
nice work of Gertrude E. Douglas on the rate of growth of one
ef the common mushrooms. Much is said by people on “Mush-
room Growth,” yet I think little exact knowledge can be claimed.
Mics Douglas has set an example for others to imitate in this
matter. We continue also to press Professor Atkinson into
service—but his book on Mushrooms is full of good things and
we therefore do not promise to refrain from “copying” again
in the future. These suggestions on the uses of mushrooms should
he read the second time.

Besides acknowledgments for other assistance, it is quite
appropriate to call special attention to the excellent picture of
Polyporus umbellatus the photograph of which was kindly fur-
nished by Fred Mutchler, of Clark University.

+
+

A NOTE ON THE DISCHARGE OF SPORES IN BULGARIA RUFA.
Otto E. Jennings, Carnegie Museum.

In connection with a note in Torreyal by Mr. C. C. Hanmer, men-
tioned recently in the Mycological Bulletin? a few remarks upon the man-
ner of spore-discharge in Bulgaria rufa Schweinitz may be of possible
interest.

Mr. Hanmer says in the note referred to that “I have upon numerous
oceasions observed the momentary expulsion of spores from furgi such
as Bulgaria rufa and Sarcoscypha floccosa, but with these plarts the spore
discharge seems to occur when they are first touched, and then only.”

In early July, Mrs. O. E. Jennings collected a fine specimen of
Svlearia rufa in rich, swampy woods, near my father’s home in north-
ern Ohio. Returning from the woods about the middle of the after-

1A note regarding the Discharge of Spores of Pleurotus ostreatus. C.
C. Hanmer. Torreya, 5: 146-147. August, 1905.

2Notes from Mushroom Literature, I. W. A. Kellerman. Mycological
Bulletin, 4: 234-236. June, 1906.

bg Ve J

258 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 65 and 66 [ Vol. 1V

noon the various fungi collected, together with the specimen of Bulgaria,
were placed for the remainder of the day upon a hot, dry roof, exposed
to the sun. In the evening the fungi were placed upon a wire rack
above the kitchen stove. About nine o’clock the next morning, I was
examining the bulgaria, when to my surprise it emitted a considerable
cloud of spores. Curious as to the factors inducing such a discharge,
I soon found that upon breathing gently upon the spore-bearing surface
a discharge would take place after an interval of about two to three
seconds. Experimenting further I found that a discharge could also be
inducted by holding the fungus in the bright, warm sunshine for a few
minutes, and then quickly placing it in the cool shade for two or three
seconds.

After probably twenty minutes of experimenting, during which time
the Bulgaria had discharged a dozen or more clouds of spores, | was un-
able to bring about any further results, the spores apparently being
exhausted.

The inferences to be drawn from the behavior of this particular
specimen seem to be that ;—

The factor inducing spore discharge is alternate expansion and con-
traction of the spore-bearing surface, due to varying degrees of heat,
and that a varying moisture content can, at least, be of but secondary
importance. Also, Bulgaria rufa is, at least under certain conditions,
capable of discharging puffs of spores, not only when first touched, but
successively at intervals, for some time after.

CARNEGIE MUSEUM. August 2, 1906.

Fig. 200. Ma-ras’-mMi-us pE-LEc’-TANS. This charming plant was collected in the
woods at Sugar Grove, Ohio, by R. A. Young, July 28, 1906. It is a nw
species which Prof. Morgan has rcecntly described.

September, 1906| Mycological Bulletin Nos. 65 and 66 259

NOTES FROM MUSHROOM LITERATURE IIT.
W. A. Kellerman.

PANAEOLUS RETIRUGIS.—Some observations on the Rate of Growth of
Panaeolus retirugis are published in the August number of Torreya, 1906.
‘These were carried out in the palm-house of the Cornell University con-
servatory by Gertrude E. Douglas, in March of this year.. We make the
following extracts frcm her interesting account.

Fig. 201. Po-Ly’-po-rus 1G-N1-A’-RI-US. A very common woody Polypore. that
grows on Black Locust trees. In his revision of the species of the
family Polyporaceae W. A. Murrill has given to this plant the new
generic name of P)’-ro-po-ly-po-rus.

260 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 65 and 66 [Vol. IV

“As the rate of growth of mushrooms is a matter of some interest,
individuals of this species were selected in as early stages as possible,
and measured twice a day, until they had reached maturity. These
measurements were taken in the morning and evening at the same
time every day, the day interval between them being of eight hours
and the night of sixteen. A large number of individuals were measured
during the period from March 22 to April 4, but complete records
were obtained from only eighteen, owing to the sensitiveness of the
mushrooms. * * *

“As No. A was a very typical specimen, and as the most complete
record was obtained of this, I shall describe its growth in some detail.
The first measurements were taken in the morning. During the first
8-hour period by day. the plant did not change. However, during the
following night, it began to grow slowly until it was 10 mm. high. On
the following day, the stem entered on a period of very active growth,
which lasted about fifty-six hours, until the plant was 145 mm. high.
During this period of active growth, the rate at first increased, and
then decreased slightly. The stem continued growing slowly for six-
teen hours after this rapid growth interval.

The pileus began to grow slowly at the same time as the stem. It
increased steadily, but slowly, for sixty-four hours, with width remaining
slightly less than the lergth. During the last day of the most active
stem growth, the width of the pileus made a rapid increase, from 8 to
20 mm. and continued broadening for 32 hours, after the stem had
ceased to grow, until it reached 40 mm. At the same time the length
continued increasing slowly till it reached 25 mm.

“The plant was growine six days and five nights, after its first ap-
pearance above the soil. The growth appeared to be no more rapid by
night than by day. This was true also of the other specimens measured.
In plant A the greatest growth which took place in any one period was
during the third dav. In the other plants it occurred sometimes by day
and sometimes by night. * * *

“A few plants were marked to determine in what region of the stem
the greatest growth took place. A section of the pileus was cut off in
each case so that the whole stem, from the ground ‘to the poirt where
it joined the pileus, might be taken into account. The marks were
placed 2 mm anart. The marked mushrooms were very sensitive to injury
and for this reason I was not able to get records more than three times
from each plent. The records show that the greatest increase in length
took place near the top of the stem. It was usually not in the topmost
interval, but ir one or two down from the top, near the margin of the
pileus. The plants grew for several intervals down the stem, but no
growth took place in the lowest ones.

“These results in regard to the position of growth in the stem
are similar to those cbtained bv J. Schmitz in 1841, from the Hymenomy-
cetes. He divided the stem into thirds and fourd the greatest
growth to take place in the topmost third, less growth in the middle
third, and very slisht or no growth in the bottom third. In some
plants he divided his topmost interval into two parts and found that
in many cases the topmost half erew less than the one beneath, althouch
there were a great many variations from this.”

New Cusan Musurooms.—We fird a brief account of scientific work
heretofore done for the Island of Cuba, and two dozen new species deserib-
ed, and rearly ell of them figured, in the First Annual Report of the Agri-
cultural Experiment Station issued from Santiago de las Vagas, Cuba, by
F. S. Earle. The report is in Spanish, as also is this account of “Aleunos
Hongos Cubanos,” and the descriptions of the new species are published

September, 1906] Mycological Bulletin Nos. 65 and 66 261

in the same idiom. The first scientific account of Cuban Fungi was
contained in the work of Ramon de la Sagra on the “Historia Fisica,
Politica y Natural de la Isla de Cuba”; the account of Fungi is by the
botanist Montague, an enumeration and description of 113 species, the title
being “Les Plantes Cellulaires de Cuba.” But little work has been done
since, but Dr. Earle’s activity promises now to increase materially our
knowledge of the fungal flora of that country. And doubtless there are
many “Mushrooms” for here we have already many new species de-
tected. Five of them belong to the genus Pocillaria, which is but another

Fig. 202. Ly-co-per’-DON WRIGHT’-I-I. A beautiful Puff-ball growing in the
; fields, easily recognized by the ornamentation. This consists of small
spines about 2mm. long that presently flake off. Lloyd says: This little
species is quite frequent in short grass, and takes kindly to yards,
gardens and often to paths. It does not grow in Europe; it was
originally described and named by the English botanist Berkeley to

whom specimens were sent from this country.

262 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 65 and. 66 : [Vol. TV

name for Lentinus. To the genus Phyllotus, he ascribes two, to Geo-
petalum three, and to Crepidotus one species—all of these being the old
genus Pleurotus. Other new species are Galera, three representatives ;
Gymnochilus (which is another name for Hypholoma), with five species;
Stropharia, with two species; Pholiotinia (representing former Pholiota),
with one species, and finally Pholiota cubensis.

USES OF MUSHROOMS.
Geo. F. Atkinson, Cornell University.

The most prominent and at present important use of mushrooms
from the standpoint of the utilitarian is as an article of food. We have
now learned that their food value as a nutrient substance is not so great
as has been fondly supposed, but, as Mr. Clark points out in Chapter
XXII, in addition to the value they certainly do possess as food, they
have very great value as condiments or food accessories, and “their value
as such is beyond the computation of the chemist or physiologist. They
are among the most appetizing of table delicacies, and add greatly to
the palatability of many foods when cooked with them.” Mushrooms
undoubtedly possess a food value beyond that attributed to them by the
chemist or physiologist, since it is not nossible in laboratory analysis to
duplicate the conditions which exist in the natural digestion and assimila-
tion of foods.

Probably the larger number of persons, in America, at present inter-
ested in mushrooms, are chiefly concerned with them as an article of
food, but a great many of these persons love to tramp to the fields and
woods in quest of them just as the sportsman loves to hunt his game
with dog and gun. It is quite likely that there will always be a large
body of persons who will maintain a lively interest in the collection of
game mushrooms for food. There are several reasons for this. The
zest of the search, the pleasure of discovery, and the healthfulness of the
outdoor recreation, lend an appetizing flavor to the fruits of the chase,
not to be obtained by purchasing a few pounds of cultivated mushrooms
on the market. It cultivates powers of observation, and arouses a
sympathetic feeling toward nature, and with those outdoor environ-
ments of man which lend themselves so happily in bettering and bright-
ening life, as well as in prolonging it.

Many others are discoverirg that the observation of form and habits
of mushrooms is a very interesting occupation for those who have short
periods of time at their disposal weekly. It requires but a little observa-
tion to convince one that there is an interesting variety of form among
these plants, that their growth and expansion operate in conformity with
certain laws which result ir great variation in form and habit of the
numerous kinds on the g:cund, on leaves, on branches, on tree trunks, ~
ete —Mushroon:s, Ecible, Pcitsonous, etc.

263

os. 65 and 66

r

gical Bulletin N

Mycolo

September, 1906]

*‘SSEY ‘1oysa010M, ‘A}ISIOA TUL, YALID

‘1a, YON]

pergq Aq ooUg

“SOL-,V1-Tad-Wn

SAU-Od -,A f-Og

"S0G ‘BLT

264 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 65 and 66 [Vol. IV

Fig. 204. Tri-cHo-Lo’-MA SUL-PHU’-RE-UM. This Brimstcne Tricholoma is said to
be common—but, perhaps, it is net to the same _ extent interesting.
Macllvaine says of it: ‘‘When quite young Tricholoma sulphureum 1s
showy and inviting. Its smell is discouraging, its taste forbidding.
No amcunt of ccoking removes its unpleasant flaver. I have tricd to
eat enough of it to test its qualities, but was satisfied, after strenuous
efferts, to mark it INEDIBLE.”

The specimens frem which the photo was made were collected by Supt.
M. E. Hard, Chillicothe, Ohio, October 30, 1905.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued Monthly, Price 25c. Copies of Vol. IT ‘1904’ and Vol
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OCTOBER, 1906 NOS. 67-68

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

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ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER MAY 11, 1906, AT THE POSTOFFICE AT
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ULT ZU 1906

Mycological Bulletin

Nos. 67-68
W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, October, 1906. LIBRARY
NEW YORK
BOTANICA
GARDE!

A REAL MUSHROOM NUMBER.

Through the kindness of Albert F. Woods, the Patholo-
gist and Physiologist of the U. S. Department of Agriculture,
it is possible to use in this NuMBER, cuts published in Bulletin
No. 85, of the Bureau of Plant Industry on The Principles of
Mushroom Growing and Mushroom Spawn Making, by B. M.
Duggar, and to make extensive quotations from that interesting
and important work. The Bulletin may be obtained from the U.
S. Departmert of Agriculture and all interested especially in
Mushroom growing, are urged to send for a copy.

Dr. Duggar treats his subject under the following heads:
Introduction, General Considerations, Market Conditions, Ger-
inination Studies, Review of Earlier Work, Experimental
Work, Tissue Cultures, Nutrition, Growth on Manure and
Other Complex Media, Growth on Chemically Known Media,
Tabulation of Special Results, Acid and Alkaline Media, Tem-
perature and Moisture, Preparation of the Compost, Installa-
tion of Beds, Spawning and Casing the Beds, Mushroom
Growing, Experiments at Columbia, Mo., Variability in Mush-
rooms Grown Under Different Conditions, The Cultivation of
Various Species of Mushrooms, Co-operative Experiments,
Cave Facilities in the United States, Open-air-culture, Mush-
room Spawn Making, A “Chance” Method, A “Selective”
Method, Pure-culture Precautions, The Tissue-culture Method,
The Commercial Process and The Vitality of Mushroom
Spawn. Quotations as far as space allows follow:

266 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 67 and 68 [Vol. IV

QUOTATIONS FROM DuGGAR’S BULLETIN ON THE PRINCIPLES OF MuSH-
ROOM GROWING AND MusHROOM SPAWN MAKING:

The conditions under which mushrooms may be successfully grown
are limited, and intelligent attention is therefore essential. It must be
said, moreover, that the majority of failures may be directly traced to
erroneous ideas as to the cultural requisites, or to a reckless disregard
o: conditions. The essential conditions will be subsequertly defined in de-
tail, but it may be stated here that failures are usually due to one or
more of the following causes: (1) Poor spawn; (2) very poor manure:
(3) unfavorable temperature; and (4) heavy watering during the early
stages of growth.

Under suitable conditions mushrooms may be grown with assurance of

Fig. 205. Acaricus viL’ aticus. <A promising species, fleshy and preclific. From
Bulletin No. 85, B. M. Duggar, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture.

success. Ordinarily they are grown only where the conditions may be
controlled, and success should therefore be invariable.

In many cases it has been possible to obtain growth from the spores
by the use of the stimulating salts which have been mentiored in con-
nection with the germiration studies. Where it is desired to make ex-
periments along this lire the writer has found it more practicable to

October, 1906] Mycological Bulletin Nos. 67 and 68 267

use spores from a mushroom as young as possible. If one takes a
mushroom just at the time that the veil is breaking, inoculations may
be readily made from the spores and few contaminations will result.
In this case, by means of a sterile needle, or scalpel, a few spores may
be removed from the spore-bearing, or gill, surface and these may be
transferred to the tubes in the same way as were bits of the fresh
tissue. It is also possible to secure a spore print from a mushroom
the gill surface of which has not been exposed to germs of the at-
mosphere. In the latter case it is desirable to remove stem and partial
veil, peel off the incurved edges of the cap which have been in contact
with the soil, and place the cap, gill surface downward, in a sterilized
dish or on sterile paper. If this is then kept free from dust, a spore
print may be obtained, which should not be contaminated by foreign
germs. This print may then be used in making a large number of spore
cultures.

TissuE CuLtures.—The suggestion which had presented itself of

using bits of living tissue from a sporophore instead of spores seemed
also, from genral observations, to be of sufficient importance to war-
rant a thorough trial. During moist weather, or in a moist cellar where

Fig. 206. <A fine cluster ef AGARICUS CAMPESiRIS, the Horticultural Variety Colum-
bia. Frem Bulletin Ne. 85, B. M. Duggar, Bureau of Plant Industry,
U. S. Department of Agriculture.

268 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 67 and 68 [Vol. IV

mushrooms are being grown, one will frequently find that an injury
in a young mushreom is rapidly healed by a growth of hyphae from
the edges of the injured area. The same thing had been noted in the
open in the case of puffballs. In many.instances, moreover, pure cultures
of furgi in other groups have been obtained by the use of small bits of
a sclerotial mass of tissue. Accordingly, a young sporophore of Agaricus
campestris was obtained, and after breaking it open-longitudinally a num-
ber of pieces of tissue from within were carefully removed with a sterile
scalpel to a sterile Petri dish. A number of cultures were then made by
this tissue-culture method on a variety of nutrient’ media, such as bean
pods, manure, leaf mold, etc. From this and from numerous other similar
tests it was ascertained that when the mushrooms, from which the nodules
of tissue are taken, are young and healthy, there is’seldom an instance
in which growth does not result.. It was easily shown. that. failure to
grow was generally due to the advanced age of the mushroom used,. to
an unfavorable medium, or to bacterial contamination.

The first successful pure cultures were made ‘by this method during
the early spring of 1902 from mushrooms grown indoors. During the
following summer, or as other fleshy fungi appeared in the open, cultures
were made from other forms in order to determine the general applicability
of the method. The experiments were successful in most cases, although
it was found almost impossible to obtain certain species of fungi in a
condition young enough to be free from bacterial infestation. In general,
the method seemed to commend itself strongly as a means of procuring

Fig. 207. The Method of Making Pure Cultures, Showing the Apparatus and
Materials. From Bullctin No. 85, B. M. Duggar, Bureau of Plant [n-
dustry, U. S. Department of Agriculture:

Cctober, 1°06] Mycological Bulletin Nos. 67 and 68 269

Fig. 268. A Young Specimen cf the Common Puffball (CALVATIA CRANIFORMIS).

From Bulletin No. 85, B. M. Duggar, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S.
Department of Agriculture.

pure cultures of desirable edible species, particularly of those species
the spores of which could not be obtained pure or which could not be
readily germinated. ;

During the two subsequent seasons this method has been employed
with a great variety of furgi representing many natural orders. No
systematic endeavor has been made to determire the limitations of the
tissue-culture method as applied to Basidiomycetes, but, incidental to the
general studies, cultures have been made from forms differing very
widely, not only in relationship but also in texture and in habitat.

TEMPERATURE AND MorsturE.—The temperature factor is, next to that
of good spawn, perhaps the most important in mushroom growing. It has
been frequently stated that mushrcom growing is not profitable when the
temperature mav not be maintaired more or less continuously at from 50°
to 60° F. It is very probable that the exact temperature which may be
corsidered an optimum will vary somewhat in different sections of the
country. It will be noted later in detail that the temperature factor acts
not so directly upon the growth of the spawn or the production of
mushrooms as indirectly to render some other conditions of the environ-
ment injurious. It is best to consider that in practice the optimum tem-
* perature for mushroom growirg varies from 53° to 58° F.

VARIABILITY IN MusSHROOMS GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS.—

270 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 67 and 68 [Vol. VI

The writer does not intend to discuss even in a general way the relation-
ships of the varioud forms of Agaricus—that is, those that may be con-
sidered allies of A. campestris—which he has cultivated or studied in the
field. Some reference to the variability of common forms should, however,
be made. For a comprehensive study of species and varieties, a knowledge
ot European forms as well as of those found in America is essential. Au-
thors differ so widely in their descriptions of species, as well as in theit
conceptions of them, perhaps, that in the absence of unlimited material
nothing short of confusion results from any attempt to harmonize opinions.
It is sufficiently difficult to separate what many would regard as varieties
of A. campestris from those of A. arvensis. When specific rank is be-
stowed also upon such forms as A. pratensis, A. villaticus, A. magnificus,
A. rodmani, etc., the difficulties are greatly increased. The writer has
grown many forms of Agaricus, and, as might be expected, there seems
to be no form which will remain practically constant under variable con-
ditions.

Fig. 209. The Oyster Mushroom (PLEuUROTUS osTREATUS), Growing on Decayed
Willow Log. From Bulletin No. 85, B. M. Duggar, Bureau of Plant
Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

[It might be added that stimulated by Dr. Duggar’s work, several
firms have undertaken to furnish spawn prepared urder conditions that
would seem to guarantee success—yielding desirable “varieties” of Mush-
rooms. Tests by various amateurs and others show that the claims made
by these firms can at least sometimes be verified.—Editor. ]

October, 1906]

U.S. Dept. Agr.

FAT,

yr
gs

=
~
i=
lo
=

>,
aA
sa)

A Fine Bed of Mushrooms Grown from Spawn of Pure-Culture Origin.

210.

Fig.

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“I
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Mycological Bulletin Nos. 67 and 68 [Vol. IV

Sy,

SENS Fi
ay ay Wz
" LZZZ7?

Fig. 211. AGaricus FABACEUS, the Almond-flavored Mushroom.

Fig. 212. Merels (MorcHELLA ESCULENTA), One of the Finest Edible Fungi.
Cuts furnished by U.S. Dept. Agr. from Bulletin by B. M Dugyar.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued Monthly, Price 25c. Copies of Vol. II (1904) and Vol
III (1905) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents, No. copies
remain of Vol.1 (1902). Address W. A. Kellerman, Columbus, Ohio

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NOVEMBER, 1906 NOS. 69-70

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

W. A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER MAY 11, 1906, AT THE POSTOFFICE AT
Co.tumBus, OHIO.
Edited and Published by at Press of VANCE-POLAND CO.
W. A. KELLERMAN , Columbus, Ohio

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For 1906, Vol. 9, will continue the series of articles on Lichens
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bryologist as well as the amateur. It is the organ of the Sulli-
vant Moss Chapter and all interested in the study are invited to
join. Membership dues $1.10 a year, carries subscription to
the journal. Single subscriptions $1.00 a year. Send for sam-

ple copy. Issued bi-monthly. Address
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Mycological Bulletin

Nos. 69-70
W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University LIBRARY
Columbus, November, 1906. NEW YORK
BOTANICAL
GARDEN,

A WORD ABOUT SENDING SPECIMENS.

The season unusually favorable for Mushrooms has induced
many to send specimens to be photographed, to be identified,
etc., but alas, the precious boxes are not appreciated by the
mail carriers, and the plants are in sorry plight too often
on their arrival. We can not always blame the postmen.
perhaps, for the general destruction; no doubt, in some cases
at least, it is the fault of imperfect packing. The box may
he strong enough to withstand the weight of superincumbent
mail, but if the specimens rattle about in the space assigned
them, surely the delicate or fleshy ones will suffer. Then,
perhaps, a suggestion will be in order:

Very soft paper should be used in the packing—tissue-

_ paper or paper napkins. Wrap the stem carefully, to keep the

NOV 2 1 1906

dirt from soiling everything that it may touch. Then con-
tinue folding the soft paper around the stem until the diameter
is equal to the cap, finally enclosing the latter. Treat each
specimen in this manner which you are intending to lay in the
hox; the same applies to clusters also. Have the box lined witli
cotton and after the specimens have been laid in their place.
add still more cotton to fill quite snugly or compactly all the
otherwise vacant space between the specimens. End the pack
ing by laying a liberal supply of the same material on the
top of the plarts and tie down the lid. Of course, the appro-
priate Nos. on tags or slips of paper should have been placed
with the specimens in each case. If you have fine material it
ought to be worth this much attention.

We are again under obligations to Superintendent Hard.
of Chillicothe, for a nice picture and some notes on an interest-
ing Mycena. We have also levied tribute on Professor At-
kinson, again; what,he says can be relied on—and then I c1i
not quote too often from his valuxhle hook on Mushrooms.

[Vol. IV

gical Bulletin Nos. 69 and 70

Mycolo

cl

‘uoreuLldx9 1OF 4X9} 99G "Vd-O-,LVN-AVH VN-,AO-AIN “SL% “SLT

“I
n

November, 1906] Mycological Bulletin Nos. 69 and 70 2

MYCENA HAEMATOPA, PERS.
M. E. Hard.

This is one of the prettiest specimens found in the woods at this
season of the year. It is quite common about Chillicothe. The stems
and caps are alike tender and will amply pay to pick them. They
grow on well decayed logs and stumps. They grow in tufts or groups.
No one will experience any’ difficulty in recognizing it from the cut. Its
dense cespitose habit, the red juice which exudes from the stem, and
the denticulate margin of the cap will assist the student in recognizing it.
It is called “haematopa” or bloody-footed Mycena because a deep blood
red juice exudes from the stem. This also more or less pervades the
cap. The cap is fleshy, one inch broad, conic or bell-shaped, somewhat
umbonate, obtuse, whitish to flesh color, with more or less dull red,
even or slightly striate at the margin, the margin extending beyond the
gills and is denticulate or toothed.

The gills are attached to the stem, often with a decuurrent tooth,
whitish and tinged with a dull red.

The stem is two to four inches long, firm, hollow, sometimes smooth,
sometimes powdered with a whitish soft hairy down, the color the same
as the pileus, yielding a dark red juice which gives the name to the
species.

The color varies quite a little in these plants. This is due to some
plants having more of the red juice than others. It is found on decayed
stumps and logs in damp places from August to October.

2,
“

FUNGI IN THE ARTS.
Geo. F. Atkinson, Cornell University.

A rumber of different species of mushrooms have been employed in
the manufacture of useful articles. Their use for such purposes, however,
was more common in the past than at present, and it is largely, therefore,
a matter of historic interest at the present time, though some are still em-
ployed for purposes of this kind.

TINDER MUSHROOM OR AMADOU.—The Polyporus fomentarius, or “tinder
mushroom,” or, as it is sometimes called, “German tinder,’ was once em-
_ ployed in the manufacture of tinder. The outer hard coat was removed
and the central portion, consisting almost ertirely of the tube system of
several years’ growth, was cut into strips and beaten to a soft condition.
In this form it was used as tinder for striking fire.

The inner portion was also used in making caps, chest-protectors,
and similar articles. A process now in vogue in some parts of Germany,
is to steam the fruit bodies, remove the outer crust, and then, by ma-
chinery constructed for the purpose, shave the fruit body into a long,
thin strip by revolving it against a knife in much the same way that
certain woods are shaved into thin strips for the manufacture of baskets,
plates, etc. Some articles of clothing made from this fungus material
are worn by peasants in certain parts of Europe.

MUSHROOMS FOR RAZOR STROPS.—The beech polyporus (P. betulinus),
several centuries ago was used for razor strops. The fruit body after
being dried was cut into strips, glued upon a stretcher, and smoothed
down with pumice stone (Asa Gray Bull. 7:18, 1900.) The sheets of
the weeping Merulius (See Fig. 189), were also employed for the same
purpose, as were also the sheets of “punk” formed from mycelium filling
in cracks in old logs or between boards in lumber piles. Sometimes

N
~I
o>)

Mycological Bulletin Nos. 60 and 70 [Vol. IV

extensive sheets of this punk are found several feet long and a foot or
more wide. These sheets of pure mycelium resemble soft chamois skin or
soiled kid leather.

MUSHROOMS EMPLOYED FOR FLOWER POTS.—In Bohemia (according to
Cooke, Fungi, etc., p. 103) hoof-shaped fruit bodies of Polyporus fomen-
tarvius and igniarius are used for flower pots. The inner, or tube portion,
is cut out. The hoof-shaped portion, then inverted and fastened to the
side of a building or place of support, serves as a receptacle for soil in
which plants are grown.

Curtos.—The Polyporus applanatus is much sought by some persons
as a “curio,” and also for the purpose of etching. In the latter case they
serve as pastels for a variety of art purposes. ~The under surface of the
plant is white. All collectors of this plant know that to preserve the
white fruiting surface in a perfect condition it must be handled very
carefully. A touch or bruise or a scratch results in a rapid change in
color of the injured surface. Beautiful etchings can thus be made with
a fine pointed instrument, the lines of color appearing as the instrument
is drawn over the surface—Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, ete.

Fig. 214. Po-Ly’-po-rus suB-SE-RI’-cE-uS. An interesting little Polypore, dark brown
and silky in appearance, growing in open woocls and protected places, not
occurring in abundance. The specimens from which the photograph was

made were sent from Chilliccthe by Supt. M. E. Hard.

“I

November, 1906] Mycological Bulletin Nos. 69 and 70 27

NOTES FROM MUSHROOM LITERATURE. V.
W. A. Kellerman.

ANOTHER Fiy AGAric.—Under this title D. R. Sumstine gives in the
Journal of Mycology for November, 1905, the following note:

Amanita muscaria is called the fly agaric because infusions of it are
poisonous to flies. It has now, however, a keen rival for this reputation
in another species of the same genus. Last summer while drying speci-
mens of Amanita olitaria Bull, a number of flies were attracted to them.
After the flies had remained on the plants for a short time they fell
over apparently dead. This continued until thirty-nine fly mycophagists
had become the victims of some narcotic contained in the mushrooms.
The box with flies and plants was then set aside for future study. After
two hours the box was again examined, but the flies which once were
dead were now alive and had departed with no more serious results
possibly than a severe headache from their mycological “booze.”

Several experiments were made with other specimens of the same
species and the same results were obtained. It seems that this plant has
some property that acts as an intoxicant or soporific to flies. It is reported
by some writers as edible and by others as poisonous.

SOMETHING INTERESTING ABOUT THE MorELLE.—The following was pub-
lished in the Journal of Mycology, November, 1905, by W. C. Sturgis,
under the title Remarkabie Occurrence of Morchelia Esculenta (L.)Pers:
During a recent hunting trip in southwestern British Columbia the writer
came across this fungus growing in such abundance and in a location and
at a season of the year so unusual that the circumstances seem worth
recording.. Usually one expects to find Morchella in the Spring growing
on the borders of meadows or other grassy places. In the present instance
the plarts were found in September on a steep mountain side which had,
within a little over a year, been subjected to a destructive forest fire.

Cn September 11th the writer was skirting the precipitous side of a
mountain at an altitude of about 7,000 feet, and while passing through what
had been a fairly good growth of aspens and small spruces, a few fine
specimens of Morchella were roticed. Further search revealed the pres-
ence of these plants literally in hundreds. A fire had passed across the
mountain in Jure, 1904, leaving only skeletons of the trees standing and
charring the ground to such a depth that no trace of green vegetation had
since appeared. Yet under these unfavorable circumstances and at a sea-
son when snow had already fallen not far from the locality, a bushel of
Morchellas might have been gathered within a radius of. one hundred
yards. The specimens were exceptionally fine, in some cases attaining 2
height of seven inches and a circumference around the pileus of ten
irches. In such specimens the pileus usually showed a great variety of
form, from conical and flattened to nearly spherical. In other cases the
pileus more nearly resembled that of M. conica Pers. The base of the
stipe was in all cases much swollen and consisted of a mass of mycelium
end soil cemented into a sclerotoid mass. Specimens were secured from
which the identity of the fungus was later determined.

The interesting question arises whether, on the western slopes of the
Rocky mourtairs, Morchella usually occurs in the autumn rather than in
the spring, as elsewhre, and also how the presence of the particular speci-
mens is to be accounted for. It is hardly possible that the spores
could have been carried to the locality in sufficient quantity to have pro-
duced in cne season so large a growth of plants, and it is almost equally
ivconceivable that a subterranean mycelium could have resisted a degree
of heat sufficient to destroy permanently all surface vegetation and leave
the ground a desolate waste of charred clay.

PoLyporus optusus.—We have learned to expect a goodly number of
mycological articles in each new Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical

278 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 69 and 70 Vol. IV]

Garden. One such in the 16th report (1905) deals with one of the
shelf-fungi, or Polypores, namely Polyporus obtusus, author Perley
Spaulding. This species seems to occur only in North America and is
confined to.a few of the oaks, the “black oak family” exclusively, gaining
entrance to the living plants through wounds. The disease so caused
Mr. Spaulding found in central Missouri and northern Arkansas, on
Quercus marilandica (Black Jack)) and Quercus velutina (Black Oak).
However, the Polypore is a saprophyte—‘There is not the slightest hint
of its occurring as a wound parasite. It not only grows on the trees but
it sooner or later causes the death of the affected trees. The rot extends
up and down in the heart wood until the tree is so weakened that it
breaks over or dies outright. From what could be gathered by ob-
servations it seemed that the fungus works remarkably fast in causing
the death of the attacked trees.” Three full-page half tones admirably
illustrate the species in question.

MARASMIUS DELECTANS.—Prof. Morgan has recently described this
elegant new species, the same being illustrated by Fig. 200 in the BULLETIN.
His description of the plant is as follows: MArASMIUS DELECTANS Mor-
GAN sp. Nov.—Pileus subcoriceous, convex then expanded and depressed
glabrous, rugulose, white changing in drying to pale and alutaceous. Stipe
long, slender, tapering slightly upward, glabrous, brown and _ shining,
white at the apex, arising from an abundant white-floccose mycelium.
Lamellae moderately broad, unequal, rather distant, trabeculate between,
white emarginate adnexed; spores lance-oblong, hyaline, 7-9x 4 mic.

Growing on old leaves in deciduous woods. Pileus 1-2 cm. in di-
ameter, the stipe 3-5 cm. long and 1.0-1.5 mm. thick.

THE FOLLOWING IS TAKEN FROM THE LAST NUMBER OF THE JOURNAL OF
Myco.Locy

A New Species oF GALERA: CHARLES H. Pecx.—A species of this
genus apparently undescribed has been brought to my notice recently of
which the following account may be given:

GALERA KELLERMANI PECK sp. nov.—Pileus very thin, subovate or
subconic, soon becoming plane or nearly so, striatulate nearly to the
center when moist, more or less wavy and persistently striate on the
margin when dry, minutely granulose or mealy when young, unpolished
when mature, often with a few scattered floccose squamules when young,
and sometimes with a few slight fragments of a veil adhering to the
margin which appears as if finely notched by the projecting ends of the
gills, watery brown when moist grayish brown when, dry. a little’ darker
in the center, taste slight, odor faint, like that of decaying wood;
lamellae thin, close, adnate, a delicate cinnamon, brown becoming darker
with age; stem slender, equal or slightly tapering upward, finely striate,
minutely scurfy or mealy at least when young, hollow, white; spores
brownish ferruginous with a faint pinkish tint in mass, elliptic, 8-12x6-7 K.

Pileus 2-3 cm. broad; stem 2.5-4 cm. long, 1-2 mm. thick. Grega-
rious or subcespitose.’ Ground in a greenhouse, Columbus, Ohio, August,
1906. Number 4494. Dr. W. A. Kellerman.

The distinguishing characters of this species are its broadly expanded

‘plane grayish brown pileus with its minutely granulose or mealy sur-
Pace! its persistently striate margin and its very narrow gills becoming
brownish with age. ‘The indication of a veil is also unusual.

The species is respectfully dedicated to its discoverer who has kindly
sent copious notes, specimens, spore-prints and photograph from which
the description has been prepared.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 89.—Galera kellermani Peck. A half tone illustration of
several plants. A very young specimen shows the minutely granulose or mealy

character of the cap. Fully grown plants are shown and in one case the fragments
ot a veil are distinctly seen attached to the margin.

November, 1906]

Mycological Bulletin Nos. 69 and 70

i)

Fig. 215. Ga-Le’-RA KEL-LER-MAN’-I.

See text on opposite page.

280 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 69 and 70 (Vol. IV

Fig. 216. I-noc’-y-BE SUB-O-CHRA’-CE-A. BURT’-I-I. A snall but conspicuous Mushrocm
sent to us by Supt. Hard, of Chillicothe, Ohio. Neither Atkinson nor
McIlvaine describe any of our species, the latter remarking that “‘none
reported as edible or poisonous; those I have tasted are not pleasant.’
The genus Inocybe is well described by Atkinson. It consists of ochre-
srored species of various character, the gills being adnate, sinuate, rarely
decurrent, and in one species free. It is placed next to the genus Hebeloma.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued Monthly, Price 25c. Copies of Vol. II !1904) and Vol
III (1905) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound’copies for 75cents, No. ccpies
remain of Vol.1 (1902). Address W. A. Kellerman, Columbus, Ohio

- THE OFFICIAL DEPOSITORY OF THE OHIO MYCOLOGICAL CLUB

SPECIAL SCHEDULE OF PRICES TO MEMBERS OF
THE OHIO MYCOLOGICAL CLUB

Atkinson—Mushrooms Edible and Poisonous, $2.60 ($3.00)
Marshall—Mushroom Book . . dae ©) 2.80. +¢" 3.00)
MclIlvaine—One Thousand American Fungi ee 4.80. -(- 5,00)

These are the books recommended by Prof. Kellerman and
orders may be sent through him or direct tous. The prices
are special and on these terms, cash with the order, books will
‘be sent express prepaid. Price in parenthesis is publisher’s net
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DECEMBER, 1906 NOS. 71-72

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

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Nine Mushrooms. Weight four pounds.
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Mycological Bulletin
Nos. 71-72

IV. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, December, 1906.

LIBRARY

NEW YO

Diz
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BOTANICA!

GARDEN

ie ast LESSON -IN THE BOOK.

- What! Have we come to the last lesson in the book! And
did you enjoy the Mushrooms? Yes? Well, we will issue
another volume of the same kind—only better we hope. More
notes and more photos sent by the subscribers will surely be
an improvement; and may be our own experience will con-
tribute to slight advancement.

The Frontispiece for Volume 1V.—We take pleasure in pre-
sentirg the portrait of ore so eminent as Dr. W. G. Farlow
of Harvard University, the professor of cryptogamic botany
in that Institution. Well can the portrait grace our fourth
volume. Dr. Farlow has heen ore of the leaders in mycology
in this country, and he has dore much in advancing our know-
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Editing at a Distance-—On the day this No. reaches the
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~) winter!

Ue

282 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 71 and 72 (Vol. IV

CULTIVATING THE MUSHROOM.

It seems very appropriate to an interest in mycology that this subject
should be an important one. We have already issued a “Mushroom No.”
and desire to call attention to work along the line. suggested by the
Bulletin from which we quoted so liberally. Profiting by that work started
by Dr. Duggar, establishments are now undertaking to furnish pure-cul-
ture spawn to customers, and thus one of the sources of embarrassment
in growing mushrooms is relegated to a minor place. Without further
comment I will quote from a catalog and guide book issued by a reliable
firm and leave the matter in the hands of my subscribers who ‘may be
interested in this phase of the subject. (And our advertising pages should
also be consulted.) :

Fig. 217. First testing cf Spawn and varieties. (Cut from Pure Culture Spawn Co.»

QUOTATIONS RELATIVE TO PURE CULTURE SPAWN.

“Early in 1904 the work of the Pure Culture Spawn Co. was pro-
iected. For scme time previous 2 member of the compary Fad been em-
ployed by the U. S. Department of Agriculture to investigate a variety of
problems connected with the growing of mushrooms. Every phase of the
industry was considered.

“One was to determine what was: the best kind of mushroom spawn.
All known sorts of spawn from England, France and America were tested.
In this spawn test was a new kind, a spawn produced from the tissue of
selected mushrooms. The idea was rot new, but the appliction was. No
one had ever grown anything but spawn of the ordinery wild field mush-
rooms. It was thought that spawn grown from selected productive cul-
tivated varieties would make mushroom growing more profitable. It did.
Results followed.

The important features of the new spawn were its quick, strong
growth, quick fruiting and large mushrooms. Most important of all was
the large yields,—two to three times more than any other spawn. The
usefulness of such spawn could be easily understood. It remained to
simplify the methods by which such spawn could be produced at a rea-
sonable price and still preserve all the advantages of quick growth, quick

N
CO
Ww

December, 1906] Mycological Bulletin Nos. 71 and 72

Fig. 218. Weight 25 oz. (Cut from Pure Culture Spawn Co.)

fruiting and large yields. We did it. Not all at one time to be sure, but
only after many costly trials and experiments. It was placed on the
market as Tissue-Culture Pure Spawn.

“This name tells just what it is. ig pure cultures of mush-
room spawn made only from the tissue of selected mushrooms. * * *

“Our spawn has been tested by several experiment stations and the
results speak well for it. The Cornell University Agricultural Experiment
Station reports over 2 pounds per square foot of bed in about three
months from spawning Referrirg to the Pure Culture Spawn Company,

Fig. 219. Cut from Pure Culture Spawn Co.

they say: ‘It is possible with the method employed by this company to
cultivate varieties true to name because the spawn is derived from known
varieties, wherees most or all of the imported spawn may contain several
Varieties mixed.’ * * *

“We now offer spawn of five select varieties, all our own introduc-
tion. A number of otker forms are being tested. The following varieties

234 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 71 and 72 [Vol. IV

represent careful selections from different strains of mushrooms and
have been thoroughly tested. * * *

“Success in growing mushrooms is not so much dependent upon long
experience as an intelligent study of the conditions. There are three
important things to consider:

1. The spawn.

2. The manure and its composting.

3. The temperature of the place in which the beds are made.

“PREPARATION OF Compost.—Mushrooms grow naturally in half de-
cayed manure piles. This is the natural soil of the mushroom. The
spawn would be killed by the heat of fermentation if placed in a bed of
fresh manure. It must undergo a preliminary fermentation. The ma-

Tig. 220. From Atkinson, cut furnished by Pure Culture Spawn Co.

nure, preferably that from well nourished draft animals with a moderate
amount of grain straw or shavings used for bedding (never hay or coarse
weeds) should be reasonably fresh to begin with. It will in general not
be advisable to use manure that is more than ten days old, unless it has
been kept dry and under shelter. If it shows no blackening from fer-
mentation it may be much older. For composting the manure should be
placed in ricks. The usual method is to pile down in ricks four to eight
feet wide and three to five feet high and as long as may be necessary. As
it is piled down in layers it should be well moistened and tramped down.
It will begin to ferment immediately, and in one or two days will be quite
warm below the surface. This warmth is a result of the fermentation
and should continue for some time. The manure may be allowed to fer-
ment in this way for five to eight days when small whitish spots will be
observed in the hottest portions. About this*time the compost should be
given the first turning.”

December, 1906]

Mycological Bulletin Nos. 71 and 72

285

INDEX TO VOLUME IV.

SUBJECTS.

Acknowledgements, 217, 221, 233.
Aecidium or Clustercups, 206.
Agaricus cretacellus. 234.
Amanita flavoconia, 234.
Box-tortoises and toadstools, 222.

Bulgaria rufa, discharge of spores,
257.

Cordyceps herculea, 241.

Cortinarius cylindripes, 252.

Cortinarius sterilis, 252.

Dictiophora (variability), 202.

Duggar on mushroom growing,
265.

Early mushroom (Naucoria), 232,

Editorial notes, 193, 197, 201, 205,
225, 233, 240, 248. 257, 281.

Fly Agaric, another, 222, 227.
Fungi in the arts,
Galera kellermani, 278.
Guatemalan fungus, 213.
Gyromitra esculenta, 230, 232.
Hosts of Panaeolus epimyces, 194.
Marasmius delectans, 278.

Market mushrooms in Europe, 251.

Morchella, September, mountains,
218.

Morelle, September, mountains, 218.
Mushroom growing (Duggar), 265.

Mushroom literature, 234, 247, 251,
259, 277.

Mushroom notes, 228.

Mushroom Number, 265.

Mushroom market in Europe, 251.

Mushrooms or Toadstools?, 214.

Mycena haematopa, 275.

Naucoria pediades, 232.

New species, 234, 247.

Notes from mushroom literature,
Penn O47. B51. BEI ee

Panzeolus, 244.

Panaeolus epimyces (hosts), 194.

Panaeolus retirugis, (growth), 259.

Peziza badia (spore discharge), 222.

Peziza coccinea, 226.

Peziza, the genus, 226.

Peziza repanda, 222, 237.

Why

275.
%

Phyllopodia, a new genus, 223.

Phyllopodia parasitica (on leaf),
223.
Pleurotus ostreatus, spore dis-

charge, 234.
Pleurotus ulmarius, 249.
Poisoning by mushrooms, 218.
Polyporus obtusus, 277.
Polyporus parasitic on leaf, 223.

Quotations, 194, 198, 202, 206, 210,
214, 218, 222.

Sending (packing), mushrooms.
272.

Smut, 209.

Spawn from pure culture, 265, 282.

Toadstools (quotations), 210.

Urnula craterium (variation), 228.

Uses of mushrooms, 243, 255, 262.

Verpa digitaliformis, 239.

White rust, 217.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Aecidium of elder, 199.
Aecidium impatientis, 296.
Agaricus campestris, 266.
Agaricus fabaceus, 272.
Agaricus villaticus, 266.

Albugo ipomoeae-panduratae, 220.
Black peziza, 229.

Boletus americanus, 205.
Calvatia craniformis, 269.
Clitocybe flaccida, 211.
Clitocybe infundibuliformis, 212.
Cordyceps herculea, 242.
Cortinarius cinnamomeus, 197.
Cyclomyces greenei, 221.
Daedalea elegans, 213.

Earth star, 201.

Galera kellermani, 279.

Geaster triplex, 201.

Gyromitra esculenta, 227, 230, 235.
Hackberry knot, 246, 248.
Helotium citrinum, 209.
Hygrophorus eburneus, 200.
Hygrophorus laurae, 216.
Fyp*oloma sublateritium, 223.
Hypcemyces lactufluorum, 195.

286 Mycological Bulletin Nos. 71 and 72

[Vol. IV

INDEX TO VOLUME IV.

(CONTINUED. )

Inocybe subochracea burtii, 280.
Lactarius volemus, 219.
Leaf mildew fungus, 245.
Lycoperdon echinatum, 196.
Lycoperdon tessellatum, 196.
Lycoperdon umbrinum, 196.
Lycoperdon wrightii, 261.
Marasmius campanulatus, 204.
Marasmius delectans, 258.
Marasmius ramealis, 251.
Morchella esculenta, 272.
Mushrooms from pure culture
spawn, 271, 282, 283, 284.
Mutinus caninus, 217.
Mycena galericulata, 253.
Mycena haematopa, 274.
Naucoria pediades, 232.

Panaeolus campanulatus (should be
changed to Stropharia semiglo-
bata), 244.

Panaeolus epimyces, 193.
Peziza coccinea, 226, 228.
Peziza repanda, 236, 237.
Pluteus cervinus, 254.

Pleurotus applicatus, 224.

Pleurotus ostreatus, 270.
Pleurotus ulmarius, 250.
Polyporus brumalis, 203.
Polyporus igniarius, 257.
Polyporus subsericeus, 276.
Polprous umbellatus, 262.
Puffball, Calvatia craniformis, 269.
Pure cultures, 268, 282, 283, 284.
Scleroderma vulgare, 256.

Smut of Cimicifuga, 208.
Sphaerotheca phytoptophilus, 245.
Strobolomyces strobilaceus, 240.

Stropharia semiglobata (to this
change the name given for
Fig. 191), 244.

Trametes elegans, 213, 215.
Tricholoma sulphureum, 261.
Urocystis carcinodes, 208.
Urnula craterium, 229, 231.
Verpa digitaliformis, 238, 239.
White rust, 220.

Witche’s broom, 246, 248.
Yellow clustercups of elder, 199.

Yellow clustercips of Impatiens.
207.

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Of the varieties already developed, we are offering pure culture
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AN EMINENT FRENCH MYCOLOGIST

JANUARY, 1907 NO, 73

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

W. A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER MAY 11, 1906, AT THE POSTOFFICE AT
Co_umBus, OuIo.

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Mushroom

Spawn

Produced by the new grafting
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prolific specimens, thoroughly
acclimatized, has never failed
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This spawn is made from
cultures taken by the selective
method, recently discovered,
from choice specimens of the
best varieties of mushrooms
known to be thoroughly accli-
matized, and _ selected with
special reference to their size,
flavor, vigor and prolificness.
The elements of uncertainty
surrounding th old chance
method of producing wild
spawn (English and French),
is therefore eliminated, and a
uniform crop of the best mar-
ketable variety is thus assured
to the exclusion of.all other and inferior fungi.

The importance of this discovery will be realized from the mere
statement that, for the first time in the history of mushroom culture,
can spawn be offered of a specific variety of mushrooms.

Of the varieties already developed, we are offering pure culture
spawn of the Agaricus Campestris (white, cream or brown), A. Arvensis
(cream), and A. Villaticus (cream).

FOR SALE BY ALL LEADING SEEDSMEN.

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Mycological Bulletin

No. 73
4 LIBRARY
W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University New YORK
Columbus, January, 1907. BOTANICAL
GARDEN.

FOR, THE NEW YEAR.

We give first place to an enthusiast who is not unknown to
the readers of the Bulletin. Superintendent Hard not only: fur-
nishes the text, but also the illustrations which were made under
his supervision. It is a brief treatment of the large and in-
teresting genus Tricholoma, but more space at present could not
be placed at the disposal of the author. Half-tones of some of
the other species will be given later.

It is hoped too that another characteristic photograph may
be furnished during the year of Volvaria bombycina’ An
illustration is needed of the too perishable plant when it reaches
the climax of its glory.

The Frontispiece—There are many eminent French mycol-
ogists—in fact, | doubt whether any other country than France
can furnish so long and honorable list of scientific men who
have paid attention to Mushrooms. The first representative
which we select is M. le Professeur Dr. N. Patouillard.

*.
-

THE GENUS TRICHOLOMA AND SOME OF THE OHIO SPECIES.
Supt. M. E. Hard.

The generic name TriCHOLOMA, comes from two Greek words mean-
ing hair and fringe.

In this genus the veil is absent or, if present, it is floccose and adheres
to the margin of the pileus. The volva and ring are both wanting. The
pileus is generally symmetrical and is never umbilicate and rarely um-
bonate. The gills are attached to the stem and are more or less strongly
notched or sinuate at the stem. The stem is fleshy-fibrous, rather short
and stout, without a bark-like skin as in the Collybia. It is homogeneous
and confluent with the cap. The gills are white or dingy and frequently
ese Potted. The caps may be smooth, scaly, dry, moist or water soaked.

The distinguishing feature of the Tricholoma is the sinuate gills.
a There are a number of species of the Tricholomas. I have found thirty-one

species about Chillicothe. Of these but one, according to my experience.

is not edible, Tricholoma svlpbhureum. The plants occur from May to
=} freezing weather. A few of the species are here described and illustrated,

=)

1907

290 Mycological Bulletin No. 73 [Vol. IV

See text for explanation.

Tri-cho-lo’-ma_ se-junc’-tum.

221.

Fig.

TRICHOLOMA SEJUNCTUM Sov. :

This is called sejunctum because the gills easily separate from the
tem. It is a beautiful plant growing in beech woods among the leaves.

The caps two to three inches broad, convex, then expanded, broadly
mbonate, viscid when moist, light yellow in color, streaked with black
ibres, margin of the cap thin, odor frequently strong, taste mild.

The gills are notched at the stem, broad, rather distant, white, easily
eparating from the stem.
The stem 1s solid, smooth, stout, often swollen in the middle. Spores

January, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 73 291

text for explanation.

See

Tri-cho-lo’-ma_ re-splen’-dens.

x
es)
oe

Fig.

are nearly spherical, 64. Its peculiar yellow color will distinguish the
species. The taste of our plants is mild when raw and the flavor is
excellent when cooked.

TRICHOLOMA RESPLENDENS Fr.

The significance of resplendens is shining brightly, and this species
is called the Shining Tricholoma. It is edible and a very good flavored
plant.

The caps are convex, then expanded until quite plane, viscid, shining

292 . Mycological Bulletin No. 73 = Vola

when dry, sometimes a shade of yellow on the disk. The flesh is white,
taste mild, mushroom odor, entire plant white.

The gills are notched at the stem, rather crowded, unspotted, white.

The stem is rather long, solid, stout, smooth, sometimes flocculose at
the apex, frequently slightly bulbous, even, white.

This is a beautiful plant found growing in mixed woods on a northern
hillside among leaves. In Figure 222 is given a sample set of the species.

TRICHOLOMA FUNESCENS Px.

The word funescens means growing smoky. The entire plant is of a
dingy white. The gills are a cream white, soon changing to a smoky
color with a blue or blackish color where bruised.

The caps are two to three inches broad, at_first convex, then ex-
panded and frequently wavy as will be seen in a Figure to be given later,
dry, dingy white, with a fine tomentum.

The gills are narrow, notched at the stem, cream color, changing to
a smoky blue or blackish where bruised, crowded.

The stem is short, round, sometimes slightly tapering downward,
whitish. The spores are oblong-elliptical, 5-6.5 u.

This species will be readily identified by the fine crowded gills and the
smoky blue or blackish hue they assume when bruised or in age.

They are found in mixed woods on the ground among leaves. I find
them on the north hillsides about Chillicothe, during September and
November.

TRICHOLOMA SQUARRULOSUM Bres.

The specific name, squarruolsum, means full of scales; the caps, as
shown in a Figure to be given later, are very scaly.

The caps are two to three inches broad, convex at first, thea expanded,
slightly wavy at times, margin somewhat involute at first, dry brownish
tinge, then a lurid tan, darker in the center of disk, broadly umbonate,
margin exceeding gills.

he gills are rather broad, crowded, whitish gray, changing to a red-
ish color when bruised, slightly notched at the stem.

The stem is somewhat paler than the pileus, two to three inches long,
more or less scaly.. The spores are elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5 #.

This is an attractive plant growing in mixed woods among leaves.
The caps are covered with black or reddish black squamules, which give
rise to the name of the species. I have only succeeded in finding the plant
in October. The specimens which will be*shown in a later Number were
tp in Poke Hollow near Chillicothe, Ohio. They are edible and of good

avor.

TRICHOLOMA TERREUM Scwaerr.

The word terreum is from Latin terra, the earth; so-called because of
its color. It is known as the Gray Tricholoma; however, it is quite vari-
able both in size and color, as well as in the manner of growth.

The pileus is usually dry, fleshy, two to three inches broad, often
umbonate, grayish-brown or mouse-color.

The gills are adnexed, not close, white, becoming grayish.

The stem is one to three inches high, whitish, fibrillose, paler than
the cap.

I find this plant on the north hillsides in beech woods. It is not
plentiful about Chillicothe. There are several varieties of this species.
It is edible and the time for its appearance is September to November.

January, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 73 293

Fig. 223. Tri-cho-lo’-ma ter’-re-um. See text, opposite page.

VOLVARIA BOMBYCINA.
M. E. Hard.

This is one of our most interesting plants. Its manner of growth
will interest any one. The cut represents the plant when in the egg state.
The volva or wrapper, mottled brown color, quite viscid. It soon breaks
open at the top as will be seen in the cut. The volva has a silky ap-
pearance, but the cap or pileus is at first a pure silky white as will be
seen in the figure where the volva has begun to fracture.

The plant grows quite large about Chillicothe. I frequently find it
ten inhces broad. It is entirely white, fleshy, at first round or oblong,
then bell-shaped, then convex, everywhere silky but when old it is apt
to be hairy scaled. The flesh is rather thin and white.

The gills are not attached to the stem and very close together, broad-
er in the center, flesh color as soon as the spores begin to drop.

The stem three to six inches long, solid, smooth, white, tapering from
the base to apex.

The volva is soon split at the apex, membranaceous, viscid and per-
sistent. The spores are elliptical.

It is usually found solitary, but sometimes a number will be found
prowing from the same log. I have frequently seen a dozen growing
from a hollow beech log where the plants in Figure 224 were found.
It is found growing in hollow trees, on decayed shade trees, or on de-
cayed branches in the woods. I have never eaten it but Dr. Curtis gives
it as edible in his list of edible mushrooms. It is found from July to
Cictober. J found a specimen that measured eight inches across the cap
Saturday, September 29, 1906.

294 Mycological Bulletin No. 73 [Vol. V.

Fig. 224. Vol-va’-ri-a bom-by-ci’-na. The egg-state of the plant when in the
act of emerging from the volva. The pileus and flesh-colored gills
are not yet visible. The photo represents two fine plants close to-
gether, found growing from a hollow beech log, near Chillicothe,

Ohio. See text on previous page.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued Monthly, Price 25c. Copies of Vol. II 1904’, Vol. III.
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VOL. V. FEBRUARY, 1907 NO. 74

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

W. A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER MAY 11, 1906, AT THE POSTOFFICE AT
CoL_umBus, OunrIo.

Edited and Published by iat Press of VANCE-POLAND CO.
W. A. KELLERMAN Columbus, Ohio

NEW SPENCER MICROSCOPE
No. 404

No. 40 Stand
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—

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$7 5.00 BECAUSE .

The lenses are unsurpassed

The Stand is the product of the best of material and
workmanship

The coarse and fine adjustments are the best made

The fine adjustment is protected by a neat handle
provided for carrying the instrument

The stage is large—67 mm. free distance from the
optical axis to the base of the arm is the great-
est yet produced

The stage is completely covered with vulcanite from
top to bottom

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Nine Mushrooms. Weight four pounds.
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Mushrooms.

“Wait till you see it is a good thing, but don’t wait till every-
one sees it. You will then be too late.”

Did you ever think just what is expressed in those words?

Did you ever think of them in connection with mushrooms?

Think of MUSHROOM GROWING—a coming industry in
America.

We tell you more about it in our booklet. We also give you
some interesting facts about PURE CULTURE SPAWN. They’re

yours on request.

PURE CULTURE SPAWN CO.

609 W. Fourth St.,

Factory: Pacific, Mo. CINCINNATI, OHIO

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FEB 21 1907

Mycological Bulletin
No. 74

7. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University
Columbus, February, 1907.

A TYLOSTOMA NUMBER.

The interesting Puffballs belonging to the genus Ty-los’-to-ma
have been thoroughly treated by eminent authority, namely, C. G.
Lloyd in Mycological Notes, and we give our readers the benefit
of his study, which has extended over several years. He has
kindly furnished the cuts as well, and we devote this entire No.
to the subject.

QUOTATIONS AND ILLUSTRATIONS FROM MYCOLOGICAL
POLES RELATING. TO THE SPECIES (OF TYLOSTOMA.

By CC. G. Lloyd.

TYLOSTOMEAE.

The Tylostomeze embrace all Gastromycetes with dry spores, having
peridia borne on distinct stalks that are not prolonged as axes.

THE GENUS TYLOSTOMA.

This is the largest genus and the smallest individuals that belong to
the tribe Tvlostomez. Jt is spread over the earth’s surface and every
locality has probably one or more snecies. The genus is more common
in sandy countries. All species with the exception of two or three
grow in the ground. Tylostoma exasperatum (and perhaps a couple of
others that are little known) always grows on branches or logs.

The genus can be thus described. Exoperidium of the nature of a
cortex, separating’ more or less from the upper part of the mature plant,
but usually remaining more or less persistent at the base of the peridium.
Endoperidium opening by a definite mouth (in a few species by several
mouths). There is a depression or “socket” at the base otf the peridium
into which the stipe is inserted. Gleha of branched, septate, capillitinm
mixed with the snores. Stipe distinct from the peridium and inserted into
a “socket” at its base.

THE SPECIES OF TYLOSTOMA.

For convenience in classification we have divided the Tylostomas into
groups according to the most promirent characters as follows:

LIBRARY
NEW YORK
BOTANICAL

RDEN.

296 Mycological Bulletin No. 74 [Vol. V.

Mouth definite, tubular, round, naked, more or less protruding.

SPOLES JSIGO RN wes eerie ce eo eine eee ae eee eae Group 1.
Spores not-smooth.
Cortex: granularor-tubercularior scaly.e. 2.225. vasckee Group 2.

Cortex not granular or tubercular or scaly.
Stipe with strong scales, [No American Species]..Group 3.
Stipe without strong scales.

Reriditim:uncolonedie. sack aor ee neo Group 4.
Reridiumecolojediaeesn eet es ae ree ene Group 5.
Mouth definite, naked, elongated, sometimes several on same perid-
UNL Wo sates h 2A tee ee et roy ty Te Sa Group 6.
Mouth with an indefinite, torn aperture, not surrounded with a
fibrillose layer, [No American Species]............. Group 7.
Mouth surrounded with a fibrillose layer.
SpPOhes SIMOOth sepa Chee ee oe Ae hs Group 8.
Spores ‘etanular (.22522%. | 4 ae eee eee Group. 9
Mouth “fimbriate”’ [No American Species]......... Group 10
CROUPRT

TYLOSTOMA OCCIDENTALE.—Peridium white, with a small,
tubular, circular, protruding mouth. Cortex adhering, separating imper-
fectly, largely adhering in patches to the peridium, not strongly thickened
at the base. Stem pale, not scaly, strongly longitudinally striate, white
internally, hollow with a central fibril. Capillitium slightly colored, with
plane or oblique unthickened septa. Spores 4-5 mic. almost smooth.

This species is very close to Tylostoma albicans, but on comparison is
quite different. The peridium is much whiter, the ster strongly striate,
the spores smoother. Specimen from the state of Washington.

Fig. 221.—Ty-1.os’-to-MA OC-CI-BEN-TA’-LE. (C. G. Lloyd).

February 1907 Mycological Bulletin No. 74 297
g

GROUP 2.

TYLOSTOMA VERRUCOSUM.—Peridium globose deeply colored,
reddish brown. with a protruding, tubular mouth. Cortex thin, adnate,
yerrucose, persistent. Stem deeply colored, covered when growing with
long, spreading scales which mostly fall away from dried specimens leavy-

Fig. 222.—Ty-Los’10-MA VER-RU-cO’-suM. (C. G. Lloyd.)

ing the stems with short scales. Capillitium faintly colored, freely septate,
not swollen at the septa. Spores 5-6 mic. aculeate.

This is evidently a very rare and local plant. I collected it once in
company with Prof. Morgan who told me it was the first time he had
seen it since the original collection some ten or fifteen years before. 1
‘have received it from no correspondent save Mr. Long, Texas, who sent
two small specimens but evidently the same species. ‘T'ylostoma verruco-
sum is very close to Tylostoma squamosum of Europe, having the same
mouth, color, spores and stem scales, and is in my opinion the American
expression of the European plant. It differs in its verrucose cortex and
more robust habits.

GROUP 4.
TYLOSTOMA ALBICANS.—Peridium uncolored, dirty white, with a

small, tubular, circular protruding mouth. Cortex adherent, separating im-
perfectly, particles adhering to the peridium, at the base of the peridium
thickened and subpersistent. Stem pale or slightly colored, rough, striate
but not scaly. Internally white, with centra) fibrils Capillitium hyaline,
slightly swollen at the joints, with a plane septum. Spores 5-6 mic., slight-
ly asperate.

The prominent features are the uncolored peridium, the tubular mouth,

298 Mycological Bulletin No. 74 Vol. VJ

Fig. 223.—Ty-tos’-10-maA_ AtL’-BI-cans. (C. ;G: Lloyd).

the partly adherent cortex. The plant is never “smovuth” and does not
seem to us to be well described or figured by Miss White. However, we
are assured from our study of the type specimens and the photographs we
have made of them that it is the same plant that reaches us from
Texas and hence use the name. We have received Australian specimens
from J. G. O. Tepper that we cen rot separate from the Texan species.

Fig. 224.—Ty-1os’-10-MA PyG-MAE’-uM. (C. G. Licyd).

TYLOSTOMA PYGMAEUM. —Peridium uncolored, dirty white with
a small, tubular, circular, protruding mouth. Cortex adhering, separating
imperfectly, particles adhering to the peridium, thickened and _ persistent
at the base. Stem slender, pale, rough, longitudinally striate but not
scaly. Capillitium hyaline, swollen at the joints. Spores 5 mic., strongly
asperate.

This little species is of a southern range in the United States, and in
general appearance could be described as a pygmy Tylostoma albicans.
It differs from that species in its small size and rougher spores.

February, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 74 299

GROUP 5.

TYLOSTOMA SIMULANS.—Peridium pale, castaneous color, with
mouth unicolorus. Cortex thin, separating imperfectly. Stem slender, pale,
slightly striate and sometimes slightly scaly. Capillitium rarely septate
with thickened nodes. Spores 5 mic., asperate.

This is the nearest approach we have in America to Tylostoma mam-
mosum of Europe, and it is a rare plant. On comparison it differs in
its unicolorous and more deeply colored peridium, more adnate cortex
and paler stipe.

Fig. 225.—Ty-1os’-To-Ma sIM’-u-LANS. (C. G. Lloyd).

TYLOSTOMA RUFUM.—Peridium deeply colored, reddish brown,
with a circular, tubular, strongly protruding mouth. Cortex thin, adher-
ing, but separating perfectly from old specimens, leaving the peridium per-
fectly smooth. Stem deeply colored, covered with short scales, internally

Fig. 226.—Ty-1os’-to-MA ru’-FuM. (C. G. Lloyd).

300 Mycological Bulletin No. 74 Vol. V.]

white with central fibrils. Capillitium faintly colored, not swollen at
the septa. Spores 5 mic., granulose.

This species has been, I am sure, usually determined as Tylostoma
mammosum in the United States. It differs from Tylostoma mammosum
of Europe in its more deeply and uniformly colored and larger peridium,
its short, thick, scaly stem and in its capillitium nodes.

Fig. 227.—Ty-tos’ 1to-Ma PuR-PU’-SsI-I. (C. G. Lloyd).

TYLOSTOMA PURPUSII.—Peridium pale, castaneous color, darker
at the mouth, with a circular, tubular, protruding mouth. Cortex partly
adherent at the base but mostly freely separating, leaving the peridium
smooth. Stem colored, rough but not scaly. Capillittum subhyaline, the
septa _rare, those of the smaller branches swollen but of the large
branches very slightly. Spores 5 mic., asperate.

This species cam easily be taken as a giant form of Tylostoma mam-
mosum. It is a rare plant and I have seen from America only the type
specimens at Berlin, which were collected in Colorado by a Mr. Purpus.

Fig. 228.—Ty-Los’-10-mA FLOR-I-DA’-NuM. (C. G, Lloyd).

February, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 74 301

Fig. 229.—Ty-Los’-TO-MA A-MER-1-cA’-NuUM. (C. G. Lloyd).

TYLOSTOMA FLORIDANUM.—Peridium dark castaneous color, with
a small, tubular, circular, protruding mouth. Cortex separating imper-
tectly, particles adhering to the peridium, thickened and subpersistent be-
low. Stem slender, dark reddish brown, sub-smooth, substriate with no
trace of scales, white within, hollow with central fibrils. Capillitium sub-
hyaline, sometimes waxy with septa both swollen and even. Spores 5 mic.,
strongly asperate.

This little species seems to be of a southern range, reaching me only

302 Mycological Bulletin No. 74 [Vol. V.

from Florida. The slender, very dark colored stem and the colored
peridium distinguish it from all related species.

GROUP 6.

TYLOSTOMA AMERICANUM.—Peridium uncolored, pale, often
with several irregular, naked, protruding mouths. Stem obese, pale or
light colored, hollow, often striate; varying much in thickness and length,
from two to six inches long. Capillitium hyaline. Spores 5-6 mic., smooth.

This plant was collected in great abundance in the vicinity of Denver,
Colo., by E. B. Sterling. In my opinion it is only an American form
(hence the name) of Tylostoma caespitosum of North Africa, although the
spores are not the same and it is a much more robust plant.

SYNONYMS.—In my opinion Tylostoma Kansense 1s the same plant
although I do not use the name, as Prof. Peck (to whom I sent specimens
of the Denver plant) strongly disagrees with me and Patouillard and
Bresadola have coincided with Prof. Peck. They form their opinions
from the darker color of the capillitium, which I readily agree is slightly
darker in Kansas specimens. The specimens Mr. Bartholomew sent me
are old, wintered specimens( and I think that explains not only the
darker capillitium but also the different mouth of T. Kansense as de-
scribed.

[CONTINUED IN NEXT NUMBER]

Fig. 230.—Ty-Los’-To-MA poc-u-LA’-TuM. (C. G. Lloyd).

(SEE NEXT NUMBER)

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MAR 28 1907

Mycological Bulletin

No. 75 LIBRARY

| NEW YORK

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University BOTANICAL
GARDEN.

Columbus, March, 1907.

TYLOSTOMA CONCLUDED-—CORTINARIUS BEGUN

The valuable monagraph of the stemmed puffballs, Ty-los-
to-ma by C. G. Lloyd in his Mycological notes, with admir-
able illustrations, we complete in this number. We desire to
give our readers some idea of what Mr. Kauffman is doing
to increase our knowledge of the large,-conspicuous and in-
teresting genus Cor-ti-na-ri-us. We will reproduce a part of
his article published in the Botanical Gazette, Torrey Bulletin
and the Journal of Mycology with half a dozen or more plates
of his new species.

GROUP 8.

TYLOSTOMA POCULATUM.—Peridium smooth, pale, with a
strongly raised shield-shaped fibrillose mouth. Cortex thick, breaking away
perfectly from the peridium which it leaves perfectly smooth excepting at
the base where the thick cortex persists as a kind of cup. Stem pale or
slightly colored, sulcate, striate, not scaly, usually thickened below (some-
times strongly) with the mycelial, adnate sand. Capillitium subhyaline,
or sometimes distinctly colored, sparingly septate, with slightly thickened
septa. Spores 5 mic., smooth.

This is a most peculiarly marked species. both in its mouth and cortex
characters and we know no other species having either of the characters
so strongly marked. It occurs chiefly in our western states, but we have
it also from Australia. No form is known in Europe. Tylostoma minu-
tum is, in my opinion, based on a small specimen of it. It varies in two
features, color and roughness of the spores, and plants so varying have
been called species, but to my mind they are so close that they may better
he called forms.

304 Mycological Bulletin No. 75 [Vol. V.

Tig. 231.—Ty-Los’-TO-MA TU-BER-CU-LA’-TUM. (C. G. Lloyd).

FORMS OF TYLOSTOMA POCULATUM.

TYLOSTOMA TUBERCULATUM.—We find specimens agreeing with
Tylostoma poculatum in general characters, and so close to it they can
not be distinguished except by the microscope, that differ in having spores
not smooth but granular. For us 1t is a form but for those who give
their species no latitude as to spore variation it is a strong species. We are
not sure it is Miss White’s pliant, as we would describe the spores as
“granular” instead of with “occasiona: tuber-hke warts,” but we prefer
to use her name rather than to propose a new one

Fig. 232.—Ty-Los’-To-MA suB-Fus’-cuM. (C. G. Lloyd).

TYLOSTOMA SUBFUSCUM.—The usual color of Tylostoma pocu-
latum is pale tan but sometimes collections are dark chocolate brown.
Sometimes both colors occur in same collection and I have noted all
shades of connecting colors. The extreme color form, however, is very
marked. Spores are granular in all we have examined.

March, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 75 305

Fig. 233.—Ty-Los’to-Ma LLoyp’-I-1. (C. G. Lloyd).

TYLOSTOMA LLOYDII.—Peridium dark, reddish brown, with a
thin, closely adnate cortex which separates perfectly above but persists
closely adnate at the base. Mouth at first ratsed, shield-shaped, fibrillose.
In old specimens these fibrils are worn away, leaving the mouth a naked
round, plane opening. Stem long, slender, with a dark, scaly, cortex.
Capillitium slightly colored, subhyaline, narrow threads with © slightly
thickened nodes. Spores smooth, 4 mic.

This is apparently a very rare and local form but is strongly different
from any other species known to me. Prof. W. H. Aikin collected the
plants several years ago in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio, and brought
the specimens to me. I sent some to Rey. Bresadola who decided it to
be undescribed and published it recently (Ann. Mycologici, 1904, p. 423).
I have never received specimens from any other collector.

306 Mycological Bulletin No. 75 Vol. V]

Fig. 234.—Ty-Los’-To-Ma o0-BE’-sum. (C. G. Lloyd).

TYLOSTOMA OBESUM.—Peridium uncolored with a raised fibrillose
mouth, Cortex separating freely, leaving the peridium smooth. Peridium
with a marked collar at base. Stipe, thick, obese. Capillitium strongly
colored. Spores smooth.

Known from a single collection from Colorado. The type is at Kew
but a better specimen is in Ellis’ collection at New York.

~

Fig. 235.—Ty-Los’-ro-MA CAM-PES’-TRE. (C. G. Lloyd).

March, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 75 307

GROUP 9.

TYLOSTOMA CAMPESTRE.—I do not feel that it is possible to
consider this as other than the American form of Tylostoma granulosum.
I do not know of a single character to distinguish it. And yet on com-
paring collections of the American and European plants a general dif-
ference is usually seen. The American plant 1s more robust, the heads
are globose and firmer, the cortex peels off more freely in the American
plant and does not adhere to the base so strongly. While we believe we
could in most cases guess correctly whether a collection was American
or European, we would not guarantee to do it in all instances. A
plant that does not typically present a single marked character by which
it can be known is not a species. We have a few collections that grew in
the sand and have more slender stems with mycelial strands strongly de-
veloped. This we take to be Tylostoma fibrillosum, but for us it is a
condition not a species. A form collected by Mr. Bartholomew, Kansas,
is closer to the European plant in stature than to the American, and some
specimens have little depressions in the peridium. It was called Tylostoma
punctatum.

Tylostoma campestre is the most common species in the United States
and the only one that is at all frequent east of the Mississippi. It is
most abundant in the neighborhood of the Great Lakes.

Fig. 236.—Ty-Los’-10-MA BERKE-LEY’-I-I. (C. G. Lloyd).

TYLOSTOMA BERKELEYI].—Peridium colored, reddish brown.
Cortex nature of a sand case, separating usually imperfectly and much
more strongly adnate than the previous species. Mouth surrounded by
a few granular fibrils (the same as the previous plant). Stem slender,
dark reddish, often slightly scaly, usually strongly sulcate, striate. Capil-
fitium light colored with slightly swollen often oblique septa. Spores 5-6
mic., granulose.

This plant occurs in the southern United States, and is the species
referred to in American literature as Tylostoma fimbriatum, surely a mis-
nomer for no similar plant grows in Europe. It was Berkeley I think
who first thus determined the American plant, and hence we name it in
his honor. This species corresponds to the European only in its mouth

308 Mycological Bulletin No. 75 [Vol. V.

and spore characters. It differs in being a colored plant and having a
large head and slender stem. A splendid illustration of the plant was
given by Petri (Ann. Mycologict, 1904, plate 6) under the name of
-Tylostoma fimbriatum, and drawn we think from American specimens.

eT) Se

NOTES FROM MUSHROOM LITERATURE IV.
W. A. Kellerman.

Mr. C. H. Kauffman, of the University of Michigan, has published in the
Botanical Gazette some observations on Cortinarius as a Mycorhiza-pro-
ducing fungus. The fungi are very few which have been definitely re-
ported as belonging to this class—in which the hyphae (mycelium) are in-
timately associated with roots of higher plants, and purveyors of nitrogen.
We shallquote liberally from this interesting and important paper. “When
we come to a consideration of the agarics our knowledge is meager in-
deed. Only one investigator, Noack, in 1899, has concerned himself with
them. He found that five species of this group were apparently my-
corhiza-producers on the forest trees of the locality where he made his
observations. Two were Tricholomas; one a Lactarius, and three were
Cortinarii. He merely makes the bare statement that they are con-
nected with the rootlets by mycelial strands, which he could easily make
out. It is very probable that his observations are correct. It seems
to be appreciated that we need some investigation to determine what
fungus we are dealing with, so that problems which have to do with
the physiological side of mycorhiza may be understood more intelligently ;
for it is just as likely that knowledge concerning the fungus and its life
history may lead to an understanding of the relation of the two organisms
as a knowledge of the tree would. It seems worth while, therefore, to re-
port the identity of any such mycorhizal fungi whenever the evidence
seemed sufficient to make it acceptable. In a previous paper I pointed out
that the members of the genus Cortinarius were so constantly found in
limited areas, and some species in such close proximity to certain trees,
that it seemed likely that there was some connection. This last summer
an effort was made to find out to what extent this might be true. The
season was wet during the early summer, and although one finds few
Cortinarii as a rule before August, several did occur, and one of these
proved to be favorable for my purpose. It not only showed beautifully
its connection with the tree roots, but turned out to be an undescribed
species of Cortinarius. It was found July 4, 1905, on the south slope of a
small ravine along the Huron river, near Ann Arbor, in a layer of humus
and forest leaves. This species, as is indeed true of some other fleshy
fungi, is characterized by its brick-red mycelial strands and stem. By
removing the surface soil it was possible to see the brick-red strands inter-
twining with the rootlets, apparently in all directions. * * *

“But it was soon found that the reddish net-work extended along defi-
nite paths. Beginning with a tiny rootlet, the fungus was followed to a
rather large root. apparently growing from a hickory. On examination,
however, it was found that the mycorhiza-bearing root passed the hickory,
and that all the roots of the hickory examined were devoid of a colored
mycorhizal fungus. On the other hand, the root in question was now
easily traced to a clump of red oaks. * * *

“About twenty paces down the slope, another troop of the same species
of Cortinarius was found. These came up only 30 cm. away from a
fine young sugar maple, and close to one of its main roots. Expecting
that they were probably attached to the roots of an oak a short distance

March 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 75 309

away, I dug down carefully and found to my surprise that the strands
which were very luxuriant here were attached to the rootlets of the
StisdGemaple: = +, *) *

“An ash, basswood and white oak were examined, but no trace of the
fungus found. About 27 dm. from the sugar maple, it was found that
some of the strands were apparently attached to a different root. Fol-
lowing this up to a clump of red oaks about 54 dm. away, I was again
surprised to find that the oak roots in this case were not conected with the
fungus at all, but that the root which was followed—which did not
have the appearance of an oak root—belonged to a large Celastrus scan-
dens which wound around one of the oaks. It was clear that we had an-
other symbiont connected with the fungus. * * *

“Let it not be supposed that all Cortinarii are mycorhiza-formers, at
least normally. Cortinarius armillatus, for example, although very partial
to Tsuga canadensis, is usually found among rotten logs or leaf-mold
near this tree, and is probably a saprophyte; on the other hand, it has
been found growing out of a cleft at the base of one of these hemlock
trees. It seems quite likely, however, that a good many Cortinarii are in
symbiotic connection in the manner of the one described in this paper.
During several seasons’ observations, I have found C. squammulosus, C.
bolaris, and C. cinnabarinus again and again in places which would in-
dicate some relation to one kind of tree. C. cinnabarinus seems to prefer
the qak, the other two the beech. Noack has shown the connection of
Cortinarius callisteus with the beech, C. caerulescens with the beech, and
C. julmineus with the oak. Others will, no doubt, be added to the list
as soon as observers enter this interesting field.”

Fig. 237.—Cor-TI-NA’-RIUS RUB’-RI-PES. (C. H. Kauffman.)

310 Mycological Bulletin No. 75 [Vol. V.

Fig. 238.—Cor-TI-NA’-RIUS AT-KIN-SO-NI-A’-NUS. (C. H. Kauffman.)

The Mycological Bulletin is issued Monthly, Price 25c. Copies of Vol. II (1904), Vol. III.
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R 22 1907

Mycological Bulletin

No. 76

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, April, 1907.

KAUFFMAN’S ARTICLE AND ILLUSTRATIONS CON-
CLUDED,
We devote this number to a note on Kauffman’s Key to Cor-
tinarius and some of his illustrations that appeared first in the LIBRARY

Torrey Bulletin. NEW YOR
BOTANICA
oo GARDEN

THE GENUS CORTINARIUS WITH KEY TO THE SPECIES.
BY C. H. KAUFFMAN.

The editor of the Journal has asked me to furnish an account of the
genus Cortinarius with Key to the species. What follows is given in re-
sponse to this invitation. I desire to call attention to what was published
in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, based mainly on my study
of the species found at Ithaca, N. Y. The cuts prepared for the illustra-
tions then have been kindly loaned for use here.

I quote from the same article the following:

“It is absolutely useless to pick up an old, dried specimen of Cor-
finarius, and ask any one to recognize it. Once in a while some easily
known plant may be recognized in that way, but in the majority of cases
old plants of different species look so much alike that it is mere guessing
to say anything about them. The first thing to remember is that young,
unexpanded plants must be examined as well as mature ones. Next a
careful description must be made, with special reference to the difference
in the color of the gills in the young and old plants. Then a similar com-
parison of the color of pileus and stem; and then a search for an annulus
or universal veil, and its character. Finally, a careful test of the pileus
and stem for gluten or viscidity. (One must remember that old, dry
plants may lose this character.) These points are absolutely essential.
Tn addition to the above, the following characters are often useful: the
shape of the pileus; the size of the parts; the smoothness of the surface
of pileus and stem; the character of the edge of the gills; the nature of
the bulbous base of the stem; the appearance of the flesh. In fact, the
notes cannot be too full, provided they contain the essential facts men-
tioned first.” (Bulletin of tne Torrey Botanical Club.)

Ole Vic

[V

Mycological Bulletin No. 76

‘yneyy

VIOSIGINA SAIYVNILYOD— “68S SIL]

April, 1907 | Mycological Bulletin No. 76 313

THE KEY.

The key which is here presented is a revision, with many additions,
of the key printed in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, June, 1905.
It is based on the study of fresh plants; but there have been added a
few which the writer has not seen, but which have characters so easily
recognized, and so different from others, that they were thought worthy
of inclusion. This key, like its predecessor, necessarily has many short-
comings. As long as we are not sure what American plants are really
identical with European ones, and so long as good figures or photographs
of the species described for North America, are lacking, we are easily
able to mistake the meanings of the descriptions, which are often of the
very briefest. Hence this list is merely offered as a slight forward step
towards opening up for amateurs the study of this interesting genus.

Six species, which the writer believes to be undescribed, have been
included, although their. descriptions have not yet been published. All
of them have been collected or been received from various places more
than once, and by inserting them in the key, we may be able to help
those who continue to come across them. It is hoped soon to publish de-
scriptions of them elsewhere.

It is to be noted that the key has been built largely on the size of
the spores. This will necessitate, it is hoped, the study of the plant under
the microscope, and so initiate the beginner at once into the proper study
of these fungi. We know that two different species of mushrooms have
again and again been placed under one name because of similar external
appearances, when an examination of the spores would have shown a
difference of as much as 8 microns in some cases. In deciding on the size
of spores, the measurement of mature spores only should be taken, which
may be recognized by the dark wall or the roughness of the exospore;
even in plants with yellowish spores a difference between young and ma-
ture spores can be made out.

KEY TO THE COMMON SPECIES OF CORTINARIUS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.

A. Pileus with a gelatinous cuticle, more or less viscid or glutinous when
moist, as is also the stem in some species. (Myxacium and Phleg-
macium. )

METIS MCOALSELY v COLITIS ALC, % ses aiercxeisR as ffoe.e 2% +. < tue toe C. corrugatus Pk.

aa. Pileus not coarsely corrugate
b. Surface of pileus or flesh distinctly bitter

c. Pileus yellow
d. Glutinous when young, very bitter; stem white
C. amarus PR.
C. vibratilis Fr.
dd. Not glutinous; stem and gills citron yellow; flesh rather
bitters sporesel dol yx 1-Oess eee ne C. turbinoides sp. nov.
ec. Pileus dark olivaceous to fuliginous, surface bitter....
ORR Ret otitis FOE Pn Uo RO eee: C. infractus Fr.
bb. Taste not distinctly bitter
c. Spores large, 9-164 long
d. Stem short, subequal or marginate-bulbous, spores 9-124

long.
e. Pileus heliotrope-purple; gills close, narrow and concolor ;
Plant anedtume SIZe- see maaeeeys ce ate akrs ya C. heliotropicus Pk.

ee. Pileus some shade of yellow or greenish
f.- Gills whitish at first; pileus tinged greenish; stem not. bul-

OMS shana s melee oo itn aoe ree C. olivaceo-stramineus Kauff.
ff. Gills yellow to yellowish at first; stem marginate-bulbous
ge. Bulb top-shaped; gills entire; flesh white......... C. turbinatus Fr.

gg. Bulb truncate below; gills eroded, flesh yellow; whole plant
SGA cel I oy: a AEE ar A ee ol C. sulfurinus Ouel

[Vol. V.

fis)

~

ulletin No.

?
2

icological FE

My

314

“pues

YOTOIOAIOND SAIMVNILYON—OFS “BLL

April, 1907 | Mycological Bulletin No. 76 315

eee. Pileus whitish, no greenish tinge
f. Stem marginate-bulbous; plant whitish throughout..C. albidus Pk.
ff. Stem equal to subequal; pileus ‘whitish or tinged red......
Sorc. O pS CHOIEA SOS GOCE. NEL ER a ce eine eet C. communis Pk.
dd. Stem long and bulbous; gills and stem violaceous at first.
e. Spores 10-12.54 long; pileus pale brown; on sphagnum..

BG VCD DIGS G CEES SRO DR eeR IG ty he ete DAE C. sphagnophilus Pk.
ee. Spores 13-16 long; pileus yellow; in woods...........
no Gib BAIA SPOON Bete orks: AER ee C. Atkinsonianus Kauft.

ddd. Stem not bulbous, long and cylindrical, plant more
or less glutinous
e. Stem with evanescent, patch-like scales

Pe Giilcepalid sat 6st seri sthecn a. Of aes C. elatior pallidifolius Pk.
Heeen Ertl SeyAGlACEOUspateniiGter ete ht. erect eas C. cylindripes Kauff.

ee. Stem with broken, concentric rings of floccose scales, usually
SOMME Wai ia LLOnvedmat DASE 5.) tn leks «eco eee ater C collinitus Fr.

cc. Spores smaller, 6-94 long
d. Pileus olivaceous, stem bulbous
e. Universal veil present; spores 8-94 long....C.olivaceoides sp. nov.
ee. No, remains of a universal veil; spores 6-7“ long.C. olivaceus Pk.
dd. Pileus violaceous or purple, or at least tinged violaceous

e. Fileus glutinous when young and moist.

The Key of which the above is a small portion, will be con-
cluded in the May Bulletin. It is also printed entire in pamphlet
form for sale.

Fig. 241.—CoRTINARIUS DECEPTIVUS Kauff,

Mycological Bulletin No. 76

Vol V.]

Kauff.

CoRTINARIUS STERILIS

242.

Fig.

April, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 76 317

Kauff.

243.—CORTINARIUS OLIVACEO-STRAMINEUS

Fig.

318 Mycological Bulletin No. 76 [Vol We

Fig. 244.—CoRTINARIUS CYLINDRIPES Kauft.

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special reference to their size,
flavor, vigor and_prolificness.
The elements of uncertainty
surrounding th old chance
method of producing wild
spawn (English and French),
is therefore eliminated, and a
uniform crop of the best mar-
‘ ketable variety is thus assured
to the exclusion of all other and inferior fungi.

The importance of this discovery will be realized from the mere
statement that, for the first time in the history of mushroom culture,
can spawn be offered of a specific variety of mushrooms.

Of the varieties already developed, we are offering pure culture
spawn of the Agaricus Campestris (white, cream or brown), A. Arvensis
(cream), and A. Villaticus (cream),

FOR SALE BY ALL LEADING SEEDSMEN.

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NO. 77

-MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

W. A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER MAY 11, 1906, AT THE POSTOFFICE AT
CoL_umBus, OHIo.

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Mycological Bulletin

No. 77

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, May. 1907.
LIBRARY

NEW YOR
SOTANICA
GARDEN.

fi EDITOR NEEDS LITTLE.SPACE.

We print the concluding portion of Mr. Kauffman’s admirable
Key to the species of Cortinarius in this number. It can not
fail to be very useful to those who have the courage to attack
this difficult genus. Our species are so numerous that every one
can take a turn at the Key—but we will not be surprised if some
of the amateurs or even students later report to us that some
things are easier to master than this Key or the species of Cor-
tinarius.

We are able to furnish an additional diversion also in the
presentation of matter that amateurs may not have thought of as
in the nature of ‘“Mushrooms”—referring to the article on Moulds
by Superintendent Sumstine. But these are Fungi, and the word
Mycology includes this interesting group. We will be glad for
additional articles and notes by patrons of the BULLETIN.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CORTINARIUS.
(Continued from p. 315.)

f. Stem marginate-bulbous; gills very narrow and crowded; whole
Plait vaOlACeOUSs latoe enn ie mene. <-o:- C. Michiganensis sp. nov.
ff. Stem subequal or clavate; gills subdistant, adnate; whole plant
violaceous-purple, medium sige ................. CG 10des-B. oe:

Pileus not glutinous
f. Flesh and gills turning purple when bruised...C purpurascens Fr.

ff. Flesh not turning purple
g. Stem marginate-bulbous; pileus yellowish or brownish, tinged
WIOlaceOlisesmenitimesizen.eeien.... oa aes oie C. coerulescens Fr.

MAY 27 1907 =

320 Mycological Bulletin No. 77 [Vol. V.

ge. Stem not marginate-bulbous

h. Pileus yellow; gills violaceous to cinnamon; stem white
with violaceous apex ......:. C. Berlesianus Sacc. & Cub.
(Syn.=C. tricolor Pk.)

hha eedlens andivcnlismhilacs plantestaiallle cece ec
C. croceo-coerulius (Pers.) Fr.

ddd. Pileus with neither olivaceous nor violaceous tints

(except the first)
e. Pileus glutinous

f. Gills olivaceous; pileus brownish-ochraceous..... C. glutinosus Pk.
ff. Gills whitish at first
Pileusmbay-nedaseee eee ets; Soares C. maculipes Pk.

g.
ge. Pileus pale ochraceous, spores globose..C. sphacrosporus Pk.
fff. Gills violaceous at first, spores as in preceding...C. delibutus Fr.
ee. Pileus not glutinous
f. Stem marginate-bulbous

on (Gills aieninesic waist Bes sgosenscbueeedsre C. multiformis Fr.

coeiGillsmatetirsta blimp ramercmriec int. ae eee C. glaucopus Fr.

erexer (Gallllsy aye intnsie sSlllONirs 5 choo geo see 6 C. fulgens (Alb. & Schw.)
ff. Stem not marginate-bulbous, clavate to subequal

g. Gills and stem pallid at first, soon tinged brown

h. Pileus watery-cinnamon to brick-red on disk; in woods
C. glabrellus sp. nov.

hh. Pileus whitish to pale clay-color; in mushroom and
flower DedSun nce... 4+ cere eee ee Cee C intrusus PR.

gg. Gills and apex of stem violaceous at first, soon brownish
C. lanatipes Pk.
gge. Gills and pileus drab-gray; viscid universal veil-present
C. sterilis Kauff.
B. Cuticle of pileus not composed of gelatinous cells, hence never viscid
nor gelatinous. [Inoloma, Talamonia, Dermocybe, and Hydrocybe.]|
a. Spores 12-16 long
b. Pileus rather large, squamulose; whole plant dark violaceous
C. violaceus Fr.
bb. Pileus small, chestnut color; stem white; spores 16x11M....
C. sericipes Pk.
aa. Spores 10-124 long
b. Plants small, 2-4 cm. tall
c. Pileus hygrophanous, glabrous, bay-red (moist); gills
Subrochraceatrsa-vsss.d2s0 «a ethene Ooeene C. badius Pk.
ec. Pileus not hygrophanous, densly fibrillose; gills yellow
‘¢ C. aureifolius Pk.
bb. Plants larger
c. Stem distinctly sheathed or ringed by the universal veil
d. Pileus tawny; stem with cinnabar-colored, persistent, con-
CEHtHICet INOS cn aot C. armillatus (Alb. & Schw.)

dd. Pileus purplish-brown, copper-brown, etc., to drab; stem
peronate, i. e., sheathed with a universal veil..C. torvus Fr.
C. torvus nobilis Pk.

May, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 77 321

ddd. Pileus tinged yellow or rufous; stem peronate and
annulate by a white universal veil ...... C. canescens PR.

cc. Stem not sheathed or ringed; the universal veil evanescent
or absent.

d. Pileus hygrophanous, fibrillose-squamulose (like C. paleaceus)

e. Pileus dingy chestnut (moist) ; stem long and slender...C. gracilis Pk.
ee. Pileus grayish; stem stout and short, bulbous........ C. grieseus Pk.
dd. Pileus not hygrophanous, merely silky or innately fibrillose

e. Pileus reddish-gray, tinged purplish; gills purple or violaceous; spores

HCl e2 Leal Kd ne ete 3s aces MMR Ne, c's ss Sik dhaver scolaire C. pulchrifolius Pk.
C. rubrocinereus Pk.
ee. Pileus, stem and gills lilac; spores 9-104........ C. lilacinus Pk.

eee. Pileus, stem and gills violaceous at first; spores 10-12u long....
C. rimosus Pk.
aaa. Spores 4-9” long; if longer, plants are whitish. or violaceous
b. Stem and pileus scaly or shreddy
c. Scales red (scarlet to vermillion)
ec. Scales brown to blackish
d. Plant large, watery-spongy, soon dark chocolate colored.
C. squamulosus Pk.
dd. Plants of medium size, wood-brown....C. pholideus Fr.
bb. Stem not scaly.

Reet oe ee C. bolaris Fr.

c. Stem with more or less persistent annular rings, or peronate
d. Plants large, 2-8 cm. or more tall; pileus in proportion
e. Pileus watery-cinnemon (moist); gills very distant....C. distans Pk.
ee. Pileus buff, ochraceous, clay-colored or tawny
f. Gills at first yellow or yellowish
ge. Pileus at first buff; stem peronate by the thin universal veil...

C. flavifolius Pk.

eg. Pileus ochraceous to ferruginous; subannulate............

C. Morrisu Pk.

egg. Pileus at first tawny-yellow, with pointed squamules on

disk; peronate by tawny-yellow universal veil............

C. annulatus Pk.

ff. Gills at first brownish or ochraceous; pileus rufous-ochraceous

ome Sporessellipticalts.> 4 eee) cue an heme cr « C. bivelus Fr.
ee. Spores spherical, minute, 4-5 diameter ...............

C. subbivelus sp. nov.

eee. Entire plant saffron-yellow.................... C. croceocolor Kauff.
eeee. Pileus some shade of blue or purple when young, buff to tan when
old

f. Plants stout, umber-purple to buff; pileus punctate; in or near
Swamps) wil lange troopss=.aemee es nit ams C. umidicola Kauff.

ff. Mature plants rather slender; pileus fawn-colored, tinged lav-
ender when young, not punctate; common in hemlock woods....

C. deceptivus Kauff.

dd. Plants small, svbannulate; pileus less than 3-4 cm. broad

e. Piteus fuscous, covered with white villose fibrils..................
C. paleaceus (Weinm.) Fr.

ee. Pileus not villose-squamulose, cinnamon to chestnut color

“I

322 Mycological Bulletin No. 7 [Vol. V.

tf Gills and stem violaceousmatwimhstes ss eee C. subflexipes Pk.
ff. Gills and stem pallid to brownish
g. On rotten wood; pileus watery cinnamon..C. ligniarius Pk.

ge, On ground or moss; pileus bay to chestnut brown;
EhOvOMEUNTIS Cninsinl GSH, So goeooaeoodose C. castaneoides Pk.

c. Stem with no annulus, or annulus evanescent
d. Stem bulbous or clavate
e. Bulb depressed-marginate; gills heliotrope purple when young........

C. obliquus Pk.

io}

Q

ee. Bulb clavate to subclavate
f. Color of plant lilac to violaceous-white

ge. Plants of medium size, violet tinge evanescent, never yel-
loWiShaeer er secctnn perth « Sac e C. alboviolaceus (Pers.) Fr.

eg. Plants medium to large, lilac tinge persistent..C. lilacinus Pk.

gee. Plants medium to small, violaceous to cinereous, tinged
yelloweOre DROWiAlbetatedt. «-s1edoes ose eee C. simulans Pk.

ff. Color of plant deep chrome, unchanging........ C. callisteus Fr.
fff. Color of plant watery-cinnamon or rufous-cinnamon (moist)

eg. Stem. whitish, pileus rufous-cinnamon to tan; not hygro-
DINATIOUSiare reer pees eae No C. subsalmoneus sp. nov.

eg. Stem red; pileus hygrophanous, pinkish-ochraceous (dry)..
C. rubipes Kauff.
dd. Stem subequal or tapering downward
e. Pileus distinctly hygrophanous
f. Plant small; pileus 2 cm. broad or less
eg. Gills and stem violaceous when young
li “Stem! stout «smooth spores = 79s lOngnas satel reiient eens

C. castaneus (Bull.) Fr.
hh. Stem slender; spores 6-7# long
i. Gills and stem pale reddish violaceous at first; pileus

blackish-brown; in woods.......... C. subflexipes Pk.
ii. Gills dark-violaceous at first; pileus fuscous, tinged
violaceous; on sphagnum...... C. fuscoviolaceus Pk.

ge. Gills ochraceous, pale; stem whitish, not slender..........
C. pulcher Pk.
ff. Pileus broader than 2 ¢m.
g.. Pilevs tawny orange to cimmamon; stem) pale... eee
C. armeniacus (Schaeff.) Fr.

ge. Pileus wetery-cinnamon; gills very distant....C. distans Pk.
gge. Pilevs and stem pale lavender; stem long and atten-
(HRE=1 {0 Es 77 he RRP EERE Perce bia Osa C. everneus Fr,

ee. Pileus not hygrophanous
f. Pileus chestnut or cinnamon color

eg. Stem whitish, soon dingy to brownish....C. castanellus Pk.
ee, Stem yellow, no oblivaceous tinge
Hv GullSwateminsumyell Ovyieetneanie anette C. cinnamomeus (L.) Fr.
hhe> Gills atitirst tate: Scamlet. <svacjreinbeit nee ee ere renee rene ;

C. semisanguineus flamineus Kauff,
hhh. Gills et first dark blood-red....C. semisanguineus Fr

May, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 77 323

ff. Pileus tawny-olive; stem yellow, tinged olivaceous............
C. croceus Fr.

fff. Pileus and stem scarlet or blood red
g. Pileus broad as compared with the rather-short stem; spores
3) 2B) RRR One e a Slot ic, «. 0 Dc CER oe OE e C. cinnabarinus Fr.
eo. Pileus narrow; stem longer; spores 6X4. ....%.-. ac+eccees
C. sanguineus (Wulf.) Fr.

Fic, 245.—Eartu-star. GE-AS’-TER MIN’-I-MA.—A _ rather common plant here
shown in natural size. The cut was made from specimens sent by Supt. M. E.
Hard, who collected them near Chillicothe, Ohio, November 9, 1905.

CorrEcTIon.—The above half-tone was issued on p. 201 as Geaster
triplex, which was a mistake; it should have been Geaster minima as
here given. Both of these species were received at the same time and
. 5 - . - . .
inadvertently the name of the little species got wrong in print.

324 Mycological Bulletin No. 77 [Vol V.

MOULDS.
By Davin R.. SUMSTINE.

It is not necessary to go to the fields and the forest in search of plants.
The kitchen, the cupboard, the cellar, the manure heap about the barn, the
decaying vegetable matter about the garden or about the house have a
distinctive flora as interesting as the flora of field and forest. The plants
of the latter flora are more conspicuous, but the plants of the former
flora are just as beautiful and have just as interesting life history and in
the economy of nature are just as useful.

There are many genera and species represented in this flora but only
a few belonging to the family Mucoraceae will be discussed at this time.

These plants are commonly called Moulds, but all the so-called Moulds
do not properly belong to this family. This is especially true of the com-
mon green mould found on canned fruit. It belongs to an entirely dif-
ferent family.

A piece of bread or sweet potato laid in a moist place for a few days
will produce plenty of specimens for study. It seems that the spores of
moulds float in the air and fall upon various substances. Whenever the
proper conditions of temperature and moisture are supplied the spores
germinate and develop. The spores retain the power of germination for
a long time.

A little observation will show the thread like mycelium spreading in
and upon the substratum. At different parts of the mycelium sporangio-
phores arise. At the top of the sporangiophores are developed the spor-
angia containing spores.

The following species can be found almost anywhere during the sum-
mer months:

CO
xe

2] oe
PE

Mucor mucedo. a Sporangiophores. b Spores.

I'ic. 246. ItLustRations or MouLps.

“I
i |
ies)
to
on

May, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No.

SB

ge

aw AG
d

a Spinulose mycelium of Mucor fusiger. b Spores of same.
c Columella of Mucor stercoreus. d Spores of same. e Columella of
Phycomyces nitens. f Spores of same.

Fic. 247. ILtustrations oF Moutps.

MUCOR.

This genus is characterized by simple or branched, but not dichotom-
ously branched, sporangiophores. The membrane of the sporangium is
not cuticularized and soon disappears. The sporangia are of one kind and
are furnished with columella.

Mucor MUcEDO LINNAEUS.

The mycelium is white at first, then brown or even black. The
sporangiophores are usually in clusters of three or more, reaching 5 mm.
in height. The columella is very prominent, but finally collapses. The
spores are globose, oval or irregular. This is the common black mould of
bread. The following names are also given to this species, Mucor stoloni-
fer, Rhizopus nigricans.

Mucor sTeRcoREUS (Tope) LINK.

The sporangiophores are erect, undivided, gray: the sporangia are large,
yellowish, brownish when old; the membrane disappears and leaves a
collar at the base; the columella is variously shaped, cylindrical or conical;
spores somewhat elliptical. It grows on dung. J/ucor mucedo Fresenius
has also been applied to this mould.

Mucor FUSIGER LINK.

The sporangiophores are simple, erect, bulbous below, but attenuated
upwards, gray to brown in color; columella is large; spores spindle
shaped; the aerial mycelium is divided into thorny branches. It grows
6n Agarics.

326 Mycological Bulletin No. 77 [Vol. V°

oa)
ewe)
b

O
c OP

d

©)

a Sporangiophore of Pilobolus crystallinus. b Spores of same.
c Sporangiophores of Sporodinia aspergillus. d Spores of same. ;
Fic. 248. ILtustrations oF MovuLps,

PHYCOMYES.

In general appearance the species of this genus resemble the species of
Mucor. The chief difference is in the formation of zygospores. The
metallic appearance will generally separate it from Mucor.

PHYCOMYCES NITENS (AGARDH) KUNZE.

The sporangiophores are simple, olive brown, very large, 7-30 cm. long;
the sporangia are round, large; columella, pear shaped; spores ellipsoid.
It grows on oily substances. Ground flax seed makes a good medium for
cultivation.

PILOBOLUS.

This genus is easily recognized by the peculiar formation of the spor-
angium whose upper part is cuticularized. The sporangiophore is very
much enlarged or distended right below the sporangium.

PILOBOLUS CRYSTALLINUS (WIHICGERS) TODE.

This is common on horse dung. The sporangivm is black and at ma-
turity is thrown off with considerable force; the spores are colorless or
yellowish.

SPORODINIA.

This is a monotypic genus and is known by the dichotomously branched
sporangiophores.

SPORODINIA ASPERGILLUS (SCoPoL!) SCHROETER.

The sporangia are variously colored, but usually brown or black at ma-
turity. The spores are round or ellipsoid. It grows on Boleti and Agarics.

All figures were drawn by Stella Sumstine, not to any definite scale.

_ The Mycological Bulletin is issued Monthly, Price 25c. Copies of Vol. II (1904', Vol. III.
(1905) and Vol. lV '1906) may be had for 50 cents each, or Cloth bound copies for 75 cents.
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THE NATION said of the first edition “If Prof. Atkinson would fill in the gaps, ana.
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3 PURE CULTURE

| | Mushroom

. . Spawn

Produced by the new~grafting
process from. selected and
prolific specimens, thoroughly
acclimatized, has never failed
to run.

This spawn is made from
cultures taken by the selective
method, recently discovered,

from choice specimens of

best varieties of mushrooms
known to be thoroughly accli-
matized, and_ selected with
special reference to their size,
flavor, vigor and _ prolificness.
The elements of uncertainty
surrounding th old chance
method of producing wild
spawn (English and French),
is therefore eliminated, and a
uniform crop of the best mar-
ketable variety is thus assured
to the exclusion of all other and inferior fungi.

_The importance of this diseovery will be realized from the mere
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“JUNE, 1907 NO. 78

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

W. A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER MAY 11, 1906, AT THE POSTOFFICE AT
CoL_umsBus, Ouro.

Edited and Published by ie Press of VANCE-POLAND CO,

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Mycological Bulletin

No. 78

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, June, 1907.

EDIFOR’S. NOTES.

We are indebted to Miss Hyde for an interesting account and
illustrations of a little bark-inhabiting fungus.

Then Mr. Smith, teacher in the High School of Akron, places
us under obligation also. He gives us an account of a rare plant.
We have seen many of his photographs of fungi, besides the one
that illustrates his Peziza. We never saw finer ones—strong
language but justifiable. We will insist that he furnish may of
them for use in future numbers of the Bulletin.

Mushroom literature is abundant and we resume our notes in
that field, even at the risk of bordering strongly on the technical.
Professor Atkinson has in the past few years s described many new
species. His descriptions are very full and careful and therefore
we desire to copy as many of them as space will permit.

“ts

SCLEROTINIA TUBEROSA; TUBEROUS PEZIZA.

G. D. SmitH, Akron, OHIO.

This is one of the very rare Pezizas that produces a sclerotium at
the base, and has been found but few times in this country. It is said
to be much more common in Europe. The photograph illustrates very
nicely the general appearance of the plants. They grow in rich, shady
woods, sometimes unprotected, but more often near stumps, logs, or the
projecting roots of trees. I have never found them except in early
spring, from April 15 to May 20. These shown in the photograph
(Fig. 249) were found April 30, in a ravine about two miles north of
Akron, Ohio. I noticed that they were very sensitive to different tem-
peratures in the explosion of their spores. When I would hold them
in the warm sun for a minute and then pass them suddenly into the
shade there would be a cloud of spores sent forth. I also noticed that
a sudden breeze would produce the same result. I then tried blowing
my breath on them and the response was still greater. This I repeated

LIBRARY
NEW YOR
BOTANICA

GARDEN.

[Vol. V.

18

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Aly

‘oly ‘uoryy ‘YS “Gq "DN ‘jOUd

*YS-,O-MAd-AL V-I-,NIL-O-YSTIG—'GFZ

June, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 78 329

several times, the results diminishing with each repetition until they
finally ceased to respond. I now noticed that the spore surface that had
been most active in exploding the spores had become quite moist.

After they had rested for some minutes I repeated the experiment
with the same result but not so strong as at first. I then put them in
a closed box and did not open it until I was inside a warm room. When
I removed the lid a dense cloud of spores arose to meet my gaze. I again
tried blowing on them and found them very active until exhausted. They
vary in color from tan to a rich brown.

A LITTLE CORTICICOLOUS FUNGUS.
Epirw Hype.

At the request of the editor of the Mycological Bulletin I have studied
and figured an interesting little fungus that grows on bark as indicated
in the title. The specimens were collected in Jamaica by A. E. Wight and
our material was received from Dr. Farlow, of Harvard University.

The botanical name of the plant is Sphaerostilbe cinnabarina; it belongs
to the large group called the Ascomycetes. In this group the fruit or
spore-bearing portion may be open and somewhat cup-shaped or saucer-
shaped; or it may be nearly or quite closed and more or less globular
or pear-shaped. In the first case the name Discomycetes is applied to the
plants; in the second case they are called Pyrenomycetes. It is to the
latter grovp thet the Splaerostilbe belongs.

The dry specimens examined were of a dark reddish-brown color, the
lower pertion of the stem being much darker then the upper portion.
The tiny plants are clustered on the bark not densely, but as trees in an
open woods, as shown in Figure 2 at a. It will be seen that the upright
stem is not the entire plant; the lower portion is made up of a number
of globular or slightly pear-shaped bodies clustered about the base of the
upright stems (see fig. b). These are the perithecia, a greek word which
means pockets; these pockets or perithecia, contain spores as will be
explained presently.

An inspection of the figures already referred to, will show that the
upright portion or stem is decidedly enlarged at the upper end and here
also spores are borne.

There are two kinds of spores borne by this Sphaerostilbe, very differ-
ert ecch from the other, but both microscopic. Covering the upper end
or head of the upright stem are myriads of little threads which are
directed outwards and on the tip of each is borne a small body called
a conidium. Each one is oval or very slightly egg-shaped. The threads,
which are really tiny tubes, are called conidiophores; the word means
beerers of the coridia.

The drawing marked c in the figure shows two conidia very much en-
larged. The one at d is a diagram and shows the real structure of the
conidiophore, or rather the stem or stipe which bears the multitude of
conidiophores. As can be seen, there are innumerable” threads or
tiniest tubes joined side by side and compacted into a rather firm stem
or stipe. These spread out and seem to be multiplied to form the head;
the outer fringe of hairs produce the spores as has been explained.

The other kind of spores is to be sought for in the perithecia or
globular pockets forming the base of the plant and flanking the upright
stem. Unfortunately they were sterile in the specimens examined. But
a copy of such spores was taken from Pflanzenfamilien, a large illustrated

330 [Vol. V.

7) 00 :
Wily, p. oe

Up

Fig. 250.—SPrAE-RO-STIL’-BE CIN-NA-BA-RI-NA. A bark-loving fungus, occuring in the
Scuthern States and southward. Figures made from specimens collected
in Jamaica, except e which was copied from Pflanzenfamilien. Draw-
ings by Edith Hyde.

German botany, and skows the spores of a closely related species.

Tkis second kind of spores are borne in an enlarged elongated cell,
called an ascus; the spores are accordingly called ascospores. In this case
there are eight spores in each ascus and each spore consists of two parts,
th<t is, each is two-celled.

‘Sphaerostilbe cinnabarina has been reported from Ceylon, Mexico, Cuba,
and the Southern United States. When it was first found in Cuba it was
nemed Stilbum cinnabarinum, by Montagne, a French botanist, who had
lowever only the upright capitate stem—at least that’ is the portion to
which the original description refers. Later when the basal bulbs, bearing
t©e ascospores, were found and described, the correct place for this fungus
in clessifierticn wes recognized; accordingly it was placed in the genus
Sphaerostilbe. There wes no occasion of course for changing the first
species-neme;—and therefore, the plant is called in botanical literat:re
Spheerostilke cinnabariva. The name Stilbum cirnabarinum is a syzonym,
erd clludes to the ccnidial stage only.

June, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 78 331

= NOTES-FROM-MUSHROOM-LITER. ATU. RE.~ VI.
W. A. KELLERMAN.

The report of the state botanist, 1905, New York State } Museum Bulletin
105 Botany 9, by Charles H. Peck, was issued August, 1906. In size, char-
acter, etc., it is similar to the several preceding reports. The species of
fungi illustrated by the colored plates are the following: Marasmius
longistriatus Pk., Clitopilus squammulosus Pk., Entoloma flavifolium Pk.,
Boletus acidus Pk., Tricholoma unifactum Pk., Lactarius rimosellus Pk.,
Lactarius serifluus (DC.) Fr., Russula albida Pk., Russula flavida Pk.,
Russula sordida Pk., Russula subsordida Pk., Russula viridella Pk., Rus-
sula variata Banning, Clavaria conjuncta Pk., and Hypomyces_ lactu-
fluorum (Schw.) Tul. Nearly twenty new species of fungi are described,
many of them belonging to the groups of Mushrooms. A _ short section
of the Report is devoted to edible Fungi; besides the description, a short
general account is given of each of the species tested; the following are
included: One species of Tricholoma, two of Lactarius, four of Russula,
and one each of Clavaria and Hypomyces.

A New ENTOLOMA FROM CENTRAL Onto.—Under this title George F.
Atkinson describes a mushroom in THE JoURNAL cF MycoLocy for Novem-
ber, 1906. Our Figures 251 and 252 were made from the photographs
of the plants. We reproduce also Professor Atkinson’s entire article,
which is as follows:

“Specimens, notes and photograph of a furgus that proves to be new
were received frcm Prof. W. A. Kellerman. The following diagnos‘s
is given:

ENTOLOMA suBCosTATUM Atkinson n. sp.—On grassy ground, Campus,
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Coll., R. A. Young, Com. W
A. Kellerman. No. 4920. Received Nov. 1, 1906.

Plants gregarious or in troops or clusters, 6-8 cm high; pileus 4-8 cm.
broad; stems 1-1.5 cm. thick.

Pileus dark gray to hair brown or olive brown, often subvirgate with
darker lines; gills light salmon color, becoming dull; stem same color
as pileus but paler, in drying the stems usually becoming as dark as the
pileus. a Mees

Pileus subviscid when moist, conv ex to expanded, plane or subgibbous,
not umbonate, irregular, repand, margin incurved, flesh white, rather thin,
very thin toward the margin.

Gills broad, 1-1% cm. broad, narrowed toward the margin of the pileus,
deeply sinuate the angles usually rounded, adnexed, easily becoming free,
edge usually plene, sometimes cornected by veins, sometimes costate,
especially toward the margin of the pileus.

Basidia 4-spored.

Spores subeglobose, about six aneles, 8-10 in diameter, some slightly
longer in the directicn of the apiculus, pale rose under the microscope.

Stems even, fibrous striate, outer bark subcartilaginous, flesh white,
stuffed, becoming fistulose.

Odor somewhat of old meal and nutty, not pleasant; taste similar.

Related to E. prunuloides Fr. and E. clypeatum Linn. Differs from the
former in dark stem and uneven pileus, differs from the latter in being
subviscid, even stem and pileus not umbonate and much more irregular,
and differs from both in subcostate gills.”

SEVERAL NEw MusHrooms.—On p. 234 we gave Professor Atkinson’s
descriptions of some new species end now make recom to continue the
quotations:

33

Mycological Bulletin No. 78

[Vol. V.

251.—ENTOLOMA SUBCOSTAIUM, Atkinson.

See

text.

June, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 78 333

AMANITA FLAVORUBESCENS Atkinson n. sp.—Plants scattered or gregar-
ious, sometimes with the bases joined, 10-14 cm. high, caps 6-10 cm. broad,
stems 6-12 mm. thick. PiLeus convex to expanded, smooth, with very
faint striae on the margin, covered with thick, chrome yellow, floccose
patches of the volva, margin of pileus yellow, center wood brown to raw
umber, flesh thin, yellowish even under the brown cuticle over the center.
Gitts long elliptical free, white, not crowded. Basipia clavate, 40-50x
9-11 u, 4-spored. Spores oboval, granular, smooth, 8-10x6-84. TRAMA of
cap floccose, outer layer more compact and the threads slender. STEM
even, with an ovate bulb, floccose scaly with fine floccose yellow scales
above, and with reddish scales below. ANNULUS thin, membranous, yel-
low, 3 cm. from the apex of the stem, sometimes tearing into fragments.
Votva yellow, breaking up into fragments.

This species is near A. rubescens, but the margin of the pileus, the volva,
annulus and the upper part of the stem is canary yellow. Bruises of the
pileus and the upper part of the stem do not turn red, (or only slightly
so and very tardily), but bruises of the lower part of the stem turn slowly
reddish. Ground, Coy Glen, Ithaca, N. Y., July 22, 1902, C. H. Kauff-
man, C. U. herb. No. 9884. The species has also been received from
Connecticut and from Pennsylvania

AMANITOPSIS ALBOCREATA Atkinson n. sp.—Plants 10-13 cm. high,
pileus 5-8 cm. broad, stems 6-12 mm. thick. PrLeus convex to expanded,
viscid when moist, white, or pale maize yellow in the center, or some-
times entirely pale maize yellow, finely striate and minutely tuberculate
on the margin, covered with floccose patches of the volva which are
easily removed when moist, but in drying become firmly agglutinated to
the viscid surface; flesh very thin except at the center, white. GILLs
rounded in front, narrowed behind, 3-6 mm. broad, free or slightly
adnexed, edge floccose. BAsipra 30-45x7-10 4, 4-spored. Spores globose,
white, smooth, granular when young, with a large oil drop when old.
Subhymenivm of globose cells 6-124 in diameter. TRrAmA of gills thin,
middle layer of parallel cells, and from these the branches diverge as
they descend in the trama. TRAMA of cap, inner portion of large cells,
surface of minute slender threads. Stems cylindrical, slightly tapering
upward, white, minutely floccose mealy scales, hollow, abruptly enlarged
below into a bulb. Votva ocreate, the limb narrow as in A. pantherina,
sometimes very slight, the stem also sometimes with floccose patches of
the upper part of the volva in irregular concentric rings on the lower part
of the stem, the upper part of the volva forming floccose patches on
the pileus.

This species differs from A. nivalis Grev., in the ocreate_volva, that
of A. nivalis Grev. being vaginate. A. nivalis of Peck, 42d Rept. N. Y.
State Mu., p. 48, is probably identical. Ground in woods, Ithaca, N.Y.
C. U. herb. No. 6097, Cascadilla woods, Miss Fisher. July 9, 1901; No.
9757, west shore Cayuga Lake, July 14, 1902. Miss A. T. Young; No. 9822,
Beebe Lake woods, July 12, 1902, H. H. Whetzel.

BoLETUS CHAMAFLEONTINUS Atkinson n. sp.—Plants 9-11 cm. high,
piles 8-10 cm. broad, stem 2 cm. thick. Piteus convex, thick, flesh 2 cm.
thick at the center, drab to hair brown, subtomentose and with minute
appressed scales, later rimose areolate something like B. scaber, but the
chinks not so deep; flesh white tinged with yellow, charging first to reddish
then to blue, the red appearing first in the upper half, later spotted red and
blve. TuBes convex, depressed around the stem, first yellowish, then
reddish, in age the mouths tinged with red: tubes small, mouths round
or uneven, changing to blue where bruised. Spores olive yellow under the
microscope, elliptical to oblong, smooth, 12-15x4-54. STEM reddish all

334 Mycological Bulletin No. 77 [Vol V.

Fig. 252.—ENTOLOMA SUBCOSTATUM. See text.

over or only at top and bottom, reticulate or dotted as in B. luridus, even
or slightly enlarged below; flesh yellow, deep red just under the surface,
center yellow changing to blue. Ground woods, Ithava, N. Y. C. U.
herb. No. 9842, July 19, 1902, and other dates.

30LETUS UMBROSUS Atkinson n. sp.—Plants 8-10 cm. high, pileus 5-9 em.
broad, stems 1.5-2 cm. thick. Pimrus convex then expanded, fleshy, subto-
mentose and in age cracking into very fine areoles somewhat as in B.
subtomentosus; flesh whitish very slowly changing to flesh color then
brown; pileus mummy brown to walnut brown. Tuprs convex, at first
white, then becoming pale brown, in age deeper brown, when bruised be-
coming dark brown. Stem same color as the pileus but paler, broadly and
irregularly furrowed or rugose longtiudinally, with very minute dark
points seen under the lens. Base of stem tapering into a short roov.
West shore Cayuga Lake, July 29, 1902, C. H. Kauffman, C. U. herb. No.
13067.

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VOL. V. JULY, 1907 NO. 79

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

W. A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

ENTERED’ AS SECOND CLASS MATTER MAY 11, 1906, AT THE POSTOFFICE AT
CotumBus, Ouro.

Edited and Published by oat Press of VANCE-POLAND co.
W. A. KELLERMAN Columbus, Ohio

MEMES eA SAE aM ML OM ONE ay OI, SR ae aN ML SM SL SL ML SIE aN, ML ie RY AE abd BL HE SE ae SRL SHE a SL Sy
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Mycological Bulletin

No. 79

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio, July, 1907.

LIBRARY
NEW YORK
A PHALLUS NUMBER. ROTANICAL

Professor W. H. Long of the State Normal School, Denton, “** 0%.
Texas, has published in a recent Number of the Journal of My-
cology, an extended account of the Phalloideae or Stink-horns of
Texas, illustrated by several half-tone illustrations of the species.
We devote this number of the Bulletin to this subject, reproducing
Professor Long’s plates, and a fair portion of the interesting text
of the article.

THE PHALLOIDEAE OF TEXAS.
BY WILLIAM H. Lona.

The fall of 1902 was unusually wet for this State and cold weather
was late in coming, as. our first good frost did not occur until Nov. 22.
Such climatic conditions brought forth a wealth of fungi; the Basidio-
mycetes and Gastromycetes being especially abundant. It was the good
fortune of the writer to collect and have photographed five species of
that unique and interesting group of Gastromycetes—the Phalloids.

In an old sandy field, that had not been ploughed for seven or eight
months, four species were found, viz: Mutinus caninus, Phallus rubicundus,
Phallus impudicus var. imperialis, and Simblum sphaerocephalum. This
field was on the north slope of a hill that was originally covered with
post oak (Quercus minor) and black jack (Q. nigra), but the trees had
been cut cff for some years and the old stumps were *‘u various stages
of deeay.

At the base and in the immediate vicinity of these rotting stumps the
plants mentioned were usually found. On the margin of this field in
the grassy unbroken sod Simblum texense was collected. This field was
planted in wheat in the fall of 1901 and was used as a pasture for cattle
during 192.

Nearly all of the photographs secured were taken by a local photograph-
er on cloudy days and in some instances when the rain was falling, as
this group will not admit of delay if photographs of the freshly expanded
nts are desired. Some here reproduced therefore do not show details
well as could be desired.

UL 23 Be

[Volt ve

Mycological Bulletin No. 79

336

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July, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 79 337

The abundance of material at hand of some species made it possible for
tke writer to determine the relative values of the various characters of
a given species.

The following characters were found to be constant for any given
species, viz: Color of stipe, pileus and eggs, surface markings of cap,
structure of stipe as to number, shape and openings of the chambers;
variable characters were: Shepe of both stipe and pileus within narrow
limits, presence or absence of a veil, size of stipe and cap and shape
and size or eggs.

Take the cap of Phallus impudicus for instance. It was invariably
white and strongly reticulate, but its size and shape was very variable,
in some plants being very unsymmetrical but more or less conic to cam-
panulate but even in specimens only two inches tall the surface had the
characteristic crests and ridges. On some specimens no veil could be
detected, while on others there was a strongly developed veil, but this
point will be discussed more in detail later in this article.

In Simblum texense the variation in shape and size of pileus and stipe
was very marked; the stipe being cylindrical, fusiform, clavate, attenuate
downward or upward, terete or angular, while its color and structure was
constant; the pileus likewise was very variable as to shape and size, some
specimens beirg deeply constricted at juncture of pileus and stipe, while
in others there was no constriction. Some had the Simblum characters
well defined, while others looked more like a Lysurus with short arms
than a Simblum. Indeed it is difficult to determine the genus of this
plant from the ordinary field specimens.

The first specimens found of Phallus impudicus var. impertalis, con-
sisted of two separate bunckes of eggs. One bunch of four eggs from a
common rhizomorph, the other of eight plants, also from a common root.
All of the eggs in the first group were infested by the larvae of some
unknown fly (Muscidae), also several eggs in the second group. This is
the first instance to the writer’s knowledge of an insect attacking the
eggs of any of the Phalloids, although it is well known that various
species of flies (Muscidae) eagerly suck the syrupy mass of spores as the
gleba deliquesces. by this means the wider distribution of the spores is
accomplished ; while the passage through the digestive tube of the fly
may aid in the germination of the spores. A miscroscopic examination
of the excreta frem tke flies that are feeding on the deliquescent gleba
shows it to be composed largely of spores, apparently unharmed. This
syrupy mass acts on them like a dose of salts, producing a kind of
diarrhoea.

A third insect was fourd feeding on all the Phalloids except Simblum
tex species of durg beetle or “tumble bug” (Geotrupes opacus
Hald.). The beetles first attack the stipe. One was found on the stipe
of Phallus impudicus eating a circle around it, thereby cutting it down;
its mate was at the base of the plant, busily engaged in digging a hole
in tke ground; when the stipe fell both beetles attacked it.

This species of dung beetle apparently makes no balls but digs holes
under tke mass of durg on which they may be feeding. It is interesting
to note that the same process was followed while feeding on the Phalloids.
‘Lhey eat the stipe down to the ground but do not attack the volva; the
entire stipe and cap was often devoured so that nothing was left but the
stump of the stipe in the volva and the numerous holes that the beetles
bad dug near by. I found specimens of Phallus rubicundus, Phallus im-
pudicus, Mutinus caninus, and Simblum sphaerocephalum, all attacked and
eaten by this beetle, but strange to say, not one plant of the many speci-
mens found of Simblum texense was eaten—probably because this plant
has not tke foetid odour so characteristic of this group.

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July, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 79 339

At one time |] had about one hundred and fifty to two hundred
eggs of the various species of Phalloids in my “incubator” and during
the course of their expansion it was noticed that cold had a marked effect
on the elongation of the stipe—in all cases checking it; and when the
thermometer was below or near freezing point stopping all elongation.
This was so marked that I had to resort to artificial heat to get some
of my eggs to expand. This indicates that the elongation of the stipe
or receptaculum is a growth process as adv anced by: Errera and Burt.
The large number of eggs of the various species of Phalloids that I col-
lected, together with the cool weather during November, forced me to
devise some means whereby I could with little trouble hatch them, as
there was no hot house convenient. At first, I used with fairly good
success the following plan. I took a pine box one and a half to two feet
deep and covered the bottom with clean white sand to the depth of eight
to ten inches. The eggs were then washed and wrapped with tissue
paper, leaving only the upper part free; they were then put into holes
in the sand with only the upper and free surface exposed, the sand being
previously thoroughly wetted. The box was then covered with glass
and placed near a wood stove and every eight or twelve hours—usually
once at night and again early next morning, a gallon of water, hot as the
hand could stand, was poured over the eggs and on the sand; by this
means the sand and the air in the interior of the box was kept warm
and moist. Eggs of Phallus impudicus, Phallus rubicundus, Mutinus
caninus, and Simblum texense were thus hatched. The writer found
great trouble in getting the eggs of Simblum texense to hatch in a moist
chamber on account of a species of white mould attacking and destroying
them. In warm weather all that is necessary is to keep the sand wet
and the box in the sun light with the glass over it. Some sixty to a
hundred eggs of Simblum texense were expanded by this means.

A careful study of the specimens of Phallus impudicus and Phallus
rubicundus, as they were expanding, seems to indicate that Dictyophora is
not a good genus. Many of the plants, especially of Phallus impudicus,
showed veils of varying degrees of permanercy—from a mere film to one
of appreciable thickness, and in every respect, as to texture, size, thick-
ness, and position comparable to the so-called veil of Dictyophora ravenelii.

This veil in Phallus impudicus and’Phallus rubicundus lies in the un-
expanded plant as a zone of tissue next to the stipe. As the stipe
elongates this membrane usually ruptures at edge of cap or beneath it,
then as elongation continues bands and shreds of it may be left on the
stipe. It will be found in one of three places and sometimes in all of
them; first, as a veil hanging from top of stipe beneath the cap; second,
as a distinct membrane in bands and patches on the stipe; third, as an
enveloping sac-like membrane around the base of the stipe inside of the
volva; here it seems to be a prolongation of the inner cup-like membrane
of the volva that fits closely to the base of the stipe inside of the volva;
this membrane like that of Phallus raverelii is not composed of pseudo-
parenchyma, but in every other respect it is a true veil.

That those species with a persistent, well developed, meshed pseudoparen-
chymatovs veil, like Phallus duplicatus, deserve special rank seems not
proven—for intergrading forms of more or less persistent and well defined
veils are present in many species of Phallus; furthermore, the presence
of a well defined veil in Phallus impudicus, the original type of the
Phallus genus, would make this genus have as one of its characters a
veil and the genus Dictyophora would now be identical in all respects
to Phallus and would therefore be reduced to synonomy.

The veils in my specimens were especially pronounced in plants that
were slow in opening both in. Phallus impudicus and Phallus rubicundus

We

[Vol.

Mycological Bulletin No. 79

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July, 1907 | Mycological Bulletin No. 79 341

Those eggs that had been some three or four weeks in the “incubator”
usually hed thicker and more permanent veils than those that opened
two or three days after collecting, while those found in the open fields had
veils well developed if eggs opened during rainy weather. Also those
plants that opened after cold weather c>me had veils. Specimens of
Phallus ruticurdus collected at Austin, Texas, during April. May and
June, have no sign of a veil of any kind, not even the alcoholic material
(of which I have some ten to fifteen specimers), shows any trace of a veil:
Considering these facts, it would seem that this layer of tissue that some-
times tears lose and forms a veil and sometimes does not, acts as an
organ of nutrition in which is stored, or through which passes, food to
be used hy the stipe and cap; if this be the case, then in warm, damp
weather the maturing stipe and cap would use most of this in their de-
velopment, so that et elongation of plant no real veil would appear. In
otter words, it would cline to the under side of the cap and to the inner
surface of the volva; but if the amount of water during the growing sea-
son was in excess of the quentity usually present, then this tissue with
others would be more strongly developed than normally and. therefore,
would be more likely to appear as a veil at maturity of the plant; or if
from any cause, as cold, removal from earth, etc., the later develonment
of plant should be checked, then this tissue would appear as a veil: this
is only an bynotkesis, the proof of which remains yet to be worked out.
At eny rate the fact) remains that in these two species the veil may or
may not be present, and when present may be a mere thin membrane or
ore of appreciable thickness and permanency that will and does persist
when the plants are dried or when kept in fluids. The presence of a
veil on Phallus imprvdicus has been noted and discussed before by Van
Bambeke, also by Ed. Fischer.

Phallus impudicus, J. var. imberialis, Schw. This was our -most
abundant Phallus in the Fall of 1992. It was first collected October the
twentieth ard snecimers were found from then till the middle of January,
1903. On Cctoker the twentieth the two large bunches of ergs were
found in a lew, demn nlace, rich in vegetable debris. one bunch was so
badly eaten by the fly larve that none of the eegs hatched, but two of
the egos of the Jarger hunch hatched. This bunch is seen in photograph
No. 1, then No. 2 shows it with two eggs hatched, and some had been re-
moved from burch beirg destroyed by the larve.

Fig. 253— Group of 8 eggs of Phallus impudicvs var. imperialis from a
common rhizomorph (2); and expanded plants from group of
same.

Vig. 254—Phallvs impudicus var. imperialis, typical plants (3); also
plents showing veils; the middle nlant a dried specimen with
veils still pendent below pileus. (4).

Fig. 255.—Phallus rubicundus, showing rugosity of pileus; all specimens
from Austin, Texas, and alcoholic material (5); Mutinus
caninus (9).

Fig 256.—Phallus rubicundus, ron perforate plant (6); plants showing
shreds of veil on stipes and one plant perforate (7); plants
showing veil at base of pileus and remnant of volva at apex (S>

(Excerpt from Journal of Mycology.)

Wo

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Mycological Bulletin No. 7

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VOL. V. AUGUST, 1907 NO. 80

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

W. A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER MAY 11,
CoL_umBus, Ouro.

Edited and Published by oat Press of VANCE-POLAND CO,
W. A. KELLERMAN Columbus, Ohio

1906, AT THE POSTOFFICE AT

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Mycological Bulletin

No. 80

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University.

Columbus, Ohio, August, 1907.

LIBRARY
NEW YORK
BOTANICAL
A LACTARIOUS NUMBER. GARDEN

Those interesting mushrooms that exude a milky or colored
juice—shall we call them Lactaria as Persoon did in 1797, or Lac-
farius, as the great mycologist Fries did between forty and fifty
years later, and which name has been in continuous use since ?—
Well, these Lactariae or the Lactari will take precedence in this
No. of the Bulletin. We have previously published a portrait of
only one Lactarius as follows: Lactarius volemus (p. 219).

No additional photographs are at hand and we call on our
subscribers for help. But we find recent articles by Miss Bur-
lingham, a student of these plants in Columbia University, New
York, most apropos and therefore levy tribute on her, see below.

NOTES FROM MUSHROOM LITERATURE. VI.
W. A. KELLERMAN,

A very interesting and very useful article containing “Suggestions for
the Study of the Lactariae,” by Gertrude Simmons Burlingham, is pub-
lished in the June number of Torreya.
It will be noticed that the author adopts the name Lactaria, which
she says was used by Persoon in i797, thus antedating the Lactarius of
Fries by nearly half a century.
A large portion will be copied, regretting only that we have not space
enough for the entire article. The introductory part is as follows:
“There are only a few species of Lactaria which can be identified
positively from dried specimens in the absence of field-notes. Further-
more, one who is not more or less familiar with the distinguishing char-
acteristics of the species in this genus may make seemingly ample notes
and yet omit some of the vital points, with the result that much otherwise
valuable material becomes worthless or even misleading. Any such waste
_ of time and material is especially lamentable in view of the fact that only
=a few scattered regions in the United States have been explored at all
~for any genus of the fleshy fungi. Approximately ninety species and

varieties of Lactaria have been reported from the United States, fifty

AVM ow Lb

Mycological Bulletin No. 80.

and

Lac

-TA’-RI-US

mi:k white.

TRIV-I-A’-LIS.
Columbus,

Cap
Ohio,

plumbcous or

August,

1907.

faint

lilac color.

Gills

August, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No, 80. 345

of which have been described as tiew species; but of this number only
five have been described from States west of the Alleghany Mountains,
while from the majority of the States west of this line no species. what-
ever have been rcported. An economic as well as a scientific interest
attaches to the genus, since Lactaria deliciosa and Lactaria volema are
among the choicest of the esculent mushrooms, and several other
species are considered nearly as palatable.

“The generic characters are conspicuous. The exudation from cuts
and bruises in the flesh or gills, of a white or colored juice having the
consistency of milk, is usually sufficient to mark the specimen as a
Lactaria.. In common with the Russulae, the Lactariae have a vesiculose
structure which gives the flesh of both the stem and the pileus a cellular
appearance much like pith, and in consequence of this structure, the flesh
is readily broken and is never fibrous or tough, and the stem is never
cartilaginous. The genus is characterized also by the occurrence in
many species of concentric bands of deeper color on the surface of the
pileus, producing what is termed a zonate pileus. The Lactariae are
found chiefly in woods or on the border of woods, and they vary in
size from species with the pileus less than 2 cm. broad to species having
a pileus 15 cm. or more across.

Minute directions are then given as to observation and study of
the milk, the pileus, the gills, the stem and habitat. As to color, she says:
“One of the distinguishing points of a species is the color of the pileus.
Not only is this a variable character, but two collectors may describe
the same color in different terms. Much difficulty can be avoided if a
collector uses some standard color scheme, as Saccardo’s Chromotaxia.
Perhaps the most complete and satisfactory color chart is Repertoire de
Couleurs published by the French Society of ‘Chrysanthemistes,’ which
gives 365 distinct colors in various tones, including the reproduction of
the colors recognized by Saccardo. The color description should be
made as soon as possible after collection and should include the color of
young, mature and old specimens. If the pileus is zonate, the zonation
should be described carefully.”

Concerning the collection and preserving she says: “Of course, it is
of primary importance that the different specimens or “numbers” gath-
ered should be kept distinct. This is easily accomplished by carrying
in the collecting basket a supply of various sized paper sacks, and a
species may then be placed in a bag with the accompanying field-notes.
Like care must be used during the process of drying the mushrooms;
for the mushrooms must be dried and preserved, since the descriptions
are as useless without the dried specimens as are the latter without field-
notes. The Lactariae may be dried successfully by spreading them on a
wire screen which may be put under the kitchen stove or suspended
about three feet above it. Oven heat is liable to be too great for the
best results. When possible, three or four typical specimens of a species
should be preserved, representing both young and mature condition.
When dry, the mushrooms, together with the field-notes, may be trans-
ferred to paper sacks again, or to suitable boxes, and filed away for
future study and identification. If some time is to elapse before this
study is to be undertaken, something like naphthaline flake ought to be
put in the boxes to protect the mushrooms from the attacks of the larvae
of moths and carpet beetles.

These points and others are summed up in the shape of a blank for
descriptive notes, just the thing to carry in the field, and use in the
laboratory, as follows:

©

346 Mycological Bulletin No. 80. [Vol. V.

Fic. 258. Lac-ra’-r1-us vo-Le’-mus. Edible. Dark orange cap; gills and milk white.

Columbus, Ohio, August, 1907.

~~

August, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 80. 34

u

Miss Burlingham’s Blank for Lactaria
Mem Ogee opel ea irss2+~ p< gg Sige Wa 0 og Seeger er rar aida es honor ay
lteter a. voene)'e-2 ar. Re Bey 3 ee
Milk

Pileus

BRIO CE UPe WISCIG . ehig er cicivue eta ma pimaitin n= Siri alan ets le ew o's

glakrous or pruinoSe, squamulose, pubescent, tomentose...

margin, glabrous, pruinose, downyxtomentose........1..---.-+.
VICI OMS EL loll Cate tee emer eer tay ck ate et arbre a os raya inithalctal ogee
Stem
ONG SAS SNe eae noes Sap Gece eee ee lana Ramos ecb:
RMGiaCe OLY. Oi: VASCIO. Dia calae teehee © asap 6 totam anu emda eae
UTD TOTS hres a 5 ae eaters Sree aia eek ke Bese aS OG aie ae, «ees
Substante- solid, or daxesbecomune hollows 225252 fea. oe. eee
Gills
(io) (0) oa oe does the color .change with age?......%..2° ae ie
ater DE THIS CCl tary eens ts BER os cama hols ote eB a,
MIME ereGistanitt Ol Clos Cue tee reps cre ta. Altea nel het ces ae 3
arrangement, entire or branched, number of-series..............
Spores
COLO merit, "LASSI eA oe We Pees PRO ea Sete ae. gi h's oda teeny se aae a wloe
Flesh
color, does it change where broken?...............c00ee00eeue
LETTE cst ase Soa aS RENT OT TET ON LON eee en re Ses ha
ESTES: >. pao crdio sm sew Shes Aecibsa area e Sia, aa aes ASE wm ae we
Pre OL SCG AtOUS cst <ccka ance ne eben ous de ee Ce us, wlitsoaw nines eee

Additional Notes or Sketches

Bit Oo os setae ted tee oe oes Cease ee

[Vol. V.

80.

tcal Bulletin No.

icolog

My

48

‘

‘suo,

‘H

“M

“yO1d

WOTH-WIS pue ((0L)

WOAT-V-,Hdd0-08-,AaVHdS WATE-,WIS

“696

August, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 80. 349

More Aspout THE SAME PLANTS BY THE SAME AUTHOR.

Miss Burlingham previously published an interesting article on
“Some Lactarii From Windham County, Vermont,” in the Bulletin of the
lorrey Botanical Club, describing five new species and giving an excel-
lent key for all the species encountered in that region. The new species
are Lactarius aspideoides; Lactarius Bensleyae; Lactarius isabeliinus;
Lactarius minusculus; Lactarius nitidis, and Lactarius oculatus.

The key bases the first division exclusively on the color of the miik,
as follows:

Milk bright colored from the first, wounds often turning greenish....

See Rents ete Pacha yeh at wie) ays fe, ose VeNe char weel.ef ete) fe) ese ee easel oks late ioe apa Section I
Milleratanestewlite. then changing tcolof sa... a.t <2 a-.e--es ore Section I]
Mivike white and qwnchanoine/...f a... dos face kaha. he. ection, LT

Under Section I the colors mentioned are orange, (L. deliciosis) ;
saffron-yellow (L. chelidonium) ; dark red (L. subpurpureus), and indigo-
blue (L. mdigo).

Under Section II three division lines are drawn, namely: Milk be-
coming sulphur-yellow; Milk becoming salmon, and Milk becoming lilac.

Fic. 260. Rus’-su-1a Ni’-t1-pa. Cap red; gills white but soon turning deep yellowish.
Taste very bitter. Woods, Columbus, Ohio, August, 1907.

¥ .

350 Mycological Bulletin No. 80. [Vol. V.

iig. 261. Lac-.a’-rt-us pr-Li-c1-o’-sus. Edible. In damp woods, July to October.
A widely-distributed plant well known in Europe, the specific name suggest-
ing the cstimate in which it is held by mycophagists. Color, some shade
of orange or mottled, and with concentric bands. Photo from specimens
furnished by Supt. M. E. Hard, Chillicothe, Ohio.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued Monthly, Price 25c. Copies of Vol. II (1904), Vol. III
(1905) and Vol. IV (1906) may be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents
No copies remain of Vol. I (1902). Address W. A. Kellerman, Columbus, Ohio

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SEPTEMBER, 1907 NO. 81

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

W. A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER MAY 11, 1906, AT THE POSTOFFICE AT
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i)

P

Li
ea

Mycological Bulletin

No. 81

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University.

Columbus, Ohto, September, 1907.

I ast year a paper was published in the Memoirs of the Torrey
Botanical Club, New York, by H. J. Banker, a student of the
Hydnums. The treatment amateurs at least would regard as revo-
lutionary, and this suggests that a number of the Bulletin be de-
voted to the subject as there presented. No illustrations were

included in the paper. The substance is given below.

NOTES FROM :-MUSHROOM LITERATURE. VII.
W. A. KELLERMAN.

The paper that will be discussed here is entitled: A Contribution to
a Revision of the North American Hydnaceae, by Howard James Banker.
It was published as No. 2, Vol. 12, of the Memoirs of the Torrey Botani-
cal Club.

Professor Banker is the first American botanist to take a hand in
the splitting up of the old genus Hydnum. Several European mycologists
have undertaken the task, some of their work being accepted in the
paper under discussion.

After this carving out of the Linnaean genus Hydnum the numerous
genera, which Professor Banker recognizes, there remain only six of the
American species, namely Hydnum albo-magnum, Hydnum album, Hydnum
repandum, Hydnum caespitosum, Hydnum washingtonianum and Hydnum
sublamellosum.

A “Hydnum” then to be a true Hydnum, must be terrestrial, meso-
podous |i. e., with a stipe or stem attached at the middle. of the pileus],
and fleshy; the plants are white, red or yellow; and the spores are smooth,
not roughened.

A list is here compiled to show the new names proposed for the
North American species:

LIBRAR’
NEW YOt
BOTANIC

GARDE!

352 Mycological Bulletin No. 81 [Vol. V.

:
4

igi teacei

Fig. 262. Fuis-tu-11’-NA HE-PAT’-I-cA. DBeefsteak fungus. Edible. This is a soft
fleshy, red species belonging to the family Polyporaceae; but the tubes are separate
and free—see Vig. 264 of the tubes magnified. It grows in decaying parts as crevices
of trees and stumps, from midsummer to early autumn. It is a widely distributed

species; rarely common in any region and not often abundant. Photographs were

made from specimens collected at Sugar Grove, Ohio.

September, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 81. 353

Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum

NEW NAMES FOR OLD HYDNUMS

as given in Professor Banker’s Monograph

abietinum—now given as Hericium laciniatum.
adustum—now given as Steccherinum adustum.
agaricoides—now given as Steccherinum agaricoides.
albonigrum—now given as Phellodon alboniger.
atroviride—now given as Sarcodon atroviridis.
aurantiacum—now given as Hydnellum floriforme.
blackfordae—now given as Sarcodon blackfordae.
boreale—now given as Hydnellum suaveolens.
brunneo-leucum—now given as Grandiniodes flavum.
caput-ursi—now given as Hericium caput-ursi.
carbunculus—now given as Hydnellum carbunculus.
cervinum—now given as Sarcodon imbricatus.
compactum—now given as Hydnellum floriforme.
conchiforme—now given as Steccherinum ochraceum.
concrescens—now given as Hydnellum concrescens.
conigenum—now given as Hydnellum conigenum,
coralloides—now given as Hericium coralloides.
coriaceo-membranaceum—now given as Phellodon coriaceo-mem-

branaceus,

Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum
Hydnum

crispum—now given as Hericium coralloides.
cristatum—now given as Sarcodon cristatus.
croceum—now given as Hericium croceum.
cyathiforme—now given as Phellodon tomentosus.
cyaneotinctum—now given as Hydnellum cyaneotinctum.
daviesii—now given as Steccherinum ochraceum.
delicatum—now given as Phellodon delicatus.
discolor—now given as Steccherinum agaricoides.

erinaceus—now given as Hericium erinaceus.
fasciatum—now given as Phellodon fasciatus.
fasciculare—now given as Hericium fasciculare.
fennicum—now given as Sarcodon fennicum.
ferrugineum—now given as Hydnellum sanguinarium,
flabelliforme—now given as Steccherinum rhois.
flavum—now given as Grandiniodes flavum.
floriforme—now given as Hydnellum floriforme.
fuligineo-violaceum—now given as Sarcodon fuligineo-violaceus.
glabrescens—now given as Steccherinum reniforme.
graveolens—now given as Phellodon graveolens.
humidum-—now given as Hydnellum humidum.
hybridum—now given as Hydnellum floriforme.
imbricatum—now given as Sarcodon imbricatus.
laciniatum—now given as Hericium laciniatum.
laevigatum—now given as Sarcodon laevigatus.
nigrum—now given as Phellodon niger.

354 Mycological Bulletin No. 81 [Vol. V.

meee |

Fig. 268. VFuis-ru-11’/-NA HE-pPAT’-I-cA. The Beefsteak fungus. The same plant
shown in Fig. 262, there the upper, here the lower Side. Unfortunately the tubes
forming the fruiting surface cannot be seen, but Fig. 264 shows them plainly.

September, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 81. 355

Hydnum ochraceum—now given as Steccherinum ochraceum.
Hydnum parasiticum—now given as Steccherinum strigosum.
Hydnum plumarium—now given as Steccherinum ochraceum.
Hydnum plumarium-—now given as Steccherinum plumarium.
Hydnum pulcherrimum—now given as Steccherinum pulcherrimum.
Hydnum putidum—now given as Phellodon putidus.

Hydnum ramosum—now given as Hericium laciniatum.
Hydnum reinforme—now given as Steccherinum reniforme.
Hydnum reniforme—now given as Steccherinum reinforme.
Hydnum rhois—now given as Steccherinum rhois.

Hydnum scabripes—now given as Sarcodon scabripes.

Hyduum schiedermayeri—now given as Hericium croceum.
Hydnum scrobiculatum—now given as Hydnellum scrobiculatum.
Hydnum septentrionale—now given as Steccherinum septentrionale.
Hydnum spongiosipes—now given as Hydnellum velutinum.
Hydnum stratosum—now given as Leaia stratosa.

Hydnum _ strigosum—now given as Steccherinum strigosum.
Hydnum suaveolens—-now given as Hydnellum suaveolens.
Hydnum tinctorium—now given as Echinodontium tinctorium.
Hydnum tomentosum—now given as Phellodon tomentosus.
Hydnum vellereum—-now given as Phellodon vellereus.
Hydnum velutinum—now given as Hydnellum velutinum.
Hydnum zonatum—now given as Hydnellum zonatum.

The purpose and nature of the monograph, the general remarks, and
the distribution of the Hydnaceae will be given in Professor Banker’s
own words, which are as follows:

“The following paper is intended to include a revision of all the
pileate forms of the family of the Hydnaceae, which have been found on
the continent of North America and its adjacent islands north of the
Isthmus of Panama. A few resupinate forms have been included by
reason of their close relationship to pileate forms, but in general they
have been excluded. The reason for this arbitrary limitation of the scope
of the work is the impossibility of adequately treating the resupinate
forms and referring them to their proper species until such time as the
Berkeley types can be thoroughly examined by one familiar with our
American plants.

“The Hydnaceae represent one of the smaller families of the Basi-
diomycetes, there being not more than five hundred known species in the
family, and of these not more than two hundred have been reported within
the geographical limits of this paper. With a few exceptions the species
are not common and generally appear to be quite local in distribution. The
task, therefore, of getting suitable material on which to base a revision o1
the family has proved more difficult than was at first anticipated. Nor
are the herbaria of collectors as helpful as one would have a right to
expect. The published descriptions of species of this family are frequently
incomplete and inadequate to fully discriminate the species, so that it is
possible often to include several different species under the one descrip-
tion. Collectors are inclined to refer specimens according to some con-
spicuous feature, such as a scaly pileus or a zonate pileus, and then pay
little attention to other apparently minor characters. Owing to the local
character of the distribution of these plants, combined with the com-
parative rarity with which they are found, few discover that the plants

356 Mycological Bulletin No. 81 [Vol. V.

which they are referring to a given species are very different from the
plants which others are ‘referring to the same species. Moreover, assum-
ing that the species is common ind well known, no field notes are con-
sidered necessary. As a result much confusion has arisen in our con-
ception of these species. Occasionally mycologists, who have received
specimens from all parts of the country, have noted that certain species
present remarkable variations, but as the material thus received is usually
fragmentary, without suitable notes, and is received only at rare inter-
vals, they have generally contented themselves with noting that the form
is an unusual one.

“In the extensive collections of the New York Botanical Garden,
brought together from very many different sources, the confusion in
species is very evident. This is conspicuously seen in the forms referred
to Hydnum imbricatum L. and H. sonatum Batsch. As to the former
species, nearly everything with a scaly pileus has been referred to it,
while the latter has been made to include almost everything with a zonate
pileus.

“While herbarium specimens often clearly show that they represent
distinct species, so great is the change that these plants undergo in the
process of drying that one rarely feels justified in attempting a descrip-
tion of new species from such material without satisfactory field notes.
On the other hand, the securing of fresh material or at least of ample and
accurate field notes is a difficult and discouraging task. During six years
of careful watching for specimens of the H. imbricatum allies, it has been
the writer’s fortune to find but two of the scaly-capped forms in the field;
likewise but one of the forms commonly referred to H. sonatum, has come
within his observation. Of more than forty specimens found in the her-

Fig. 264. The tubes forming the fruiting surface of I*1s-Tu-LI’-NA HE-PAT’-I-CA,
considerably magnified as shown by the millimeter scale. See Figs. 262 and 263.

September, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 81. 357

baria referred to these two species, not one was accompanied by descriptive
notes that were ot any value. Yet we have at least a half dozen good
species here represented, could the distinctive characters be clearly es-

tablished.

“The species of this family are not only comparatively rare and local
in distribution, but they are often intermittent in appearance. The writer
once found three different species in a space not over ten feet square, and
a fourth in the same woods a short distance away. But not one of the
four was found anywhere in that region in the next four successive years,
although the ground was searched over repeatedly each year.

DISTRIBUTION.

“The geographical distribution of these plants appears to be largely
influenced by latitude. But collections of Basidiomycetous fungi from
the region west of the Mississipi river have been so few and incomplete
that general conclusions respecting distribution in this region can not be
confidently drawn. The following areas may be recognized as possessing
each a characteristic and somewhat distinctive hydnaceous flora. (1) The
northeastern United States south to North Carolina and Tennessee and
west to the Great Plains. (2) The Southern States west to Lousiana. (5)
The Gulf region including the West Indies and the immediate borders of
the Gulf. (4) The north Pacific coast including Oregon and Wash-
ington. It seems probable that Canada and northern New England to
Greenland may represent another distinct floral distribution, but collections
in this region kave been too meager to suggest more than a_ possibility.
These remarks on distribution are based on specimens actually seen by
the writer, and do not include the various species reported in catalogues
and local floras without accompanying specimens. The material examined
has come chiefly from the following states: Maine, Massachusetts, Con-
necticut, New York, New Jersey, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky,
Alabama, Louisiana, Cuba, Honduras, Oregon, Washington. This study
of distribution cannot be satisfactorily supplemented by published local
floras, for in consequence of the confused conception of species in this
family, such lists are wholly unreliable except when verified by actual
specimens, and these are often lacking. A comparison of two collections
on which such floras have been based, quickly reveals how utterly untrust-
worthy are these lists of species as a means of determining distribution.
The plants referred to Hydnum imbricatum by Alabama collectors are
totally distinct from the plant referred to the same species by the New
Eneland botanists. Professor Earle has noted that Hydnum repandum as
collected by him in Connecticut. was a very different thing from the plant
of that alliance with which he had been acquainted in Alabama.

“Tt is hoped that the present contribution may lead to a clearer con-
ception respecting the species of this family and be a means of stimulating
a more exact study of the distribution of these plants. It can hardly be
expected that all confusion has been removed or that all errors have been
avoided. The source of many of our present difficulties is to be traced
hack to the work of early European botanists, whose material is either
inaccessible or has long since passed into an irrecoverable oblivion. The
author believes that in the majority of cases, with respect to the species
included in this paper, he has formed a clear conception of them in his
ewn mind and has endeavored to present that conception as definitely and
distinctly as he was able in the accompanying descriptions and synopses.
Whether he has in all cases made an absolutely correct determination,
especially in the case of species referred to old European types, he cannot
state with complete confidence.”

358 Mycological Bulletin No. 80. [Vol. V.

Fig. 265. Po-1e-11’-nus po-ro’-sus. <A fleshy reddish-brown plant, belonging with
the preceding species illustrated in this Number to the family Polyporaceae. The
hymenium or fruiting layer is described as composed of broader radiating lamellae
connected by very numerous more narrow anastomosing branches or partitions and
forming large angular pores. Collected in the woods at Sugar Grove, Ohio.

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OCTOBER, 1907 NO. 82

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

W. A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

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Mycological Bulletin

No. 82

IW. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Oluo State University.

Columbus, Ohio, October, 1907.

MOSTLY AROte TOLY PORT.

Though C. G. Lloyd’s Mycological writings are most gener-
ally distributed to a wide circle of readers, it is probable that many

patrons of the Bullctin do not receive all that he publishes. We LIBRAI
therefore think it advisable to reproduce here portions as far as NEW y¢
space permits. BOTANIC

GARDE;

NOTES FROM MYCOLOGICAL LITERATURE, VIII.
W. A. KELLERMAN,

Mr. C. G. Lloyd of Cincinnati published Letter No. 10 from Paris,
July, 1906, and from this interesting and instructive communication we
make the following excerpts:
“There have been about twenty-cight hundred polyporoids ‘described,’
not counting the several hundred ‘synonyms’ given by Fries. From the-
United States alone there are about five hundred ‘species’ recorded. Fungi
are widely distributed plants. The fungi of Europe and the United States
are practically the same. We do not question but the larger part of these
twenty-eight hundred are synonyms, but it is a large task to find out what
they are and to learn the species that are ‘good.’ We shall devote most
of our time in the immediate future to work on the European species, for
it is self-evident that as the first and most of the work has been done with
European species, and as the American species are largely the same, one
must first acquire a knowledge of what occurs in Europe in order to be in
position to judge as to those of America.
“There has been so much changing of names lately in the Polyporii
that we feel it well to state our position in this regard. The most and
best systematic work on Polyporus was done by Fries. His system and

names have been in general use for two generations, and are familiar to
wall. We therefore feel that no attempt should be made to change them
} excepting in very exceptional cases. It has become quite a fad lately to
=} look up dates of synonyms and shuffle the names around on such evidence.

©

—

360 Mycological Bulletin No. 82. [Vole

Epipte. Growing in woods, fields, roadsides

ig. 266. Curi-Toc’-y-BE LAC-CA’-TA.
Atkinson says, quite easily recognized from the
tan color when mature, the gills pink or
The character of the gills is evident in
Columbus, Ohio, July

and other waste places, as Professot1
whitish scurfy cap when young, pale red or
purplish, though the spores are white.
photograph which was made from specimens collectea nea

PH 1907,

October, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 82. 361

latest work. As to the extra European species, some two thousand or
more, they have been mostly described at four centers—Upsula, Berlin,
London, and Paris. There are without question many reduplications of
names. The only thing that can be done as I see it is to hunt up and study
these specimens where they exist, and then take the first name, unless there
are good reasons for not taking it. As to genera, the question is not so
simple. The genus Polyporus is too large and should be broken up, but I
fell that as much of the old should be retained as possible, particularly the
four leading sections with which we are all familiar. Also the allied
genera, Trametes, Daedalea, etc., notwithstanding that the same plant often
exhibits forms that ‘throw it into another genus.’ The leading ideas of the
genera are simple and well known, and no system of classification can be
devised that does not have its objections and ‘exceptions.’

“In Europe for the last twenty years there have been three men work-
ing on dividing <he polyporoids into new genera. First, Karsten, then
Quelet, then Patouillard. Each has proposed his own system and his own
rames, and neither has met with much general favor, because, in my
opinion, of the vast array of new names. Mycologists in general refuse to
learn a new language in order to work with old plants. I think many
good ideas are expressed in their work, but they would have been better
received had they been used to subdivide the old genera, not to replace
them. In America, Mr. Murrill is a little late in taking up the work, for
most of it has been done before—at least three different ways. To re-
christen the ideas of his predecessors and further add to the Babel of
new names, is only making a bad position worse. As the European work
has mostly failed to meet with favor for this very reason, I can foresee no
other fate for the American.”

SAMPLE COMMENTS ON A FEW COMMON SPECIES.

“FoMES LEUCOPH AEUS.—lThe very commonest Fomes in our country. It
is so close to Fomes applanatus of Europe that I do not believe that any
one would note the difference on a casual examination of the two plants,
and it is not strange that the plant has been universally called Fomes
applanatus in most all American literature. European mycologists have
been using the microscope on the spores of Fomes, and when I sent the
plant there it was noted that it had smooth spores, while the spores of
Fomes applanatus are rough. It was published in Mycological Notes in
1901 (page 60), which I think was the first time attention was drawn to
this popular error which had persisted in American mycology up to that
date. Recently it has been announced that Leveille first called the plant
“megaloma,” but I think that is largely guess work, and IT have thus far
been unable to find any confirmatory evidence, but have found positive
proof that Leveille determined and published the plant as ‘Polyporus
applanatus.”

“Potyporus Lucipus.—The correct genus to which this plant belongs is
now known as Ganoderma, consisting of species with “varnished” pilei and
colored spores. Most of them, I think, are better called Fomes, but this
species with us is not perennial, hence not properly a Ffomes. It is there-
fore a question whether to call it Polyporus lucidus, Fomes lucidus or
Ganoderma lucidus. It has been known, however, under the specific name
“lucidus” for more than a hundred years, and it is purely chimerical to try
to change that.

“POLYSTICTUS PERGAMENUS.—A very common plant in the United States,
usually growing on oak. It is claimed that as the original grew on pine it
is not the same as the common species in the United States, and the name
Polystictus pseudo-pergamenus has been proposed. However, the plant is
generally known as Polystictus pergamenus. It is a curious fact that this is
a very rare plant in Europe, and it was recently brought into the museum

362 Mycological Bulletin No. 82. [ Vol. Vi

Big. 267. PAX-IL’-LUS AT’-RO-TO-MEN-TO’-SUS. Photograph of the dark brown
specimens collected on rotten wood at base of tree, at Sugar rove, Ohio, August
10, 1907, by Supt. Hard, Mrs, Blackford and the Editor. .

October, 1907 | Mycological Bulletin No. 82. 363

at Paris as a great rarity. It is called in France “Polystictus simulans,
Blonsk1.”

“SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE.—A very common species all over the world
and in every country, hot and cold, where I] have ever been. At Cincin-
nati it has a special liking for the maple. It has been known as “commune”
for two generations, but recent date dictionary investigators have called it
Schizophyllum alneum, in my opinion a stupid change for a plant thas is
the most common species, that occurs everywhere, and grows in many
countries and thousands of localities where alder does not grow.

THE MYCOLOGICAL SITUATION IN: AMERICA.

“T have to write so many letters to my correspondents in reply to in-
quiries as to what literature to buy in order to study mycology thad I feel
it will save time to issue a printed letter on the subject.

“Unfortunately there is no one book of much service. I always advise
my correspondents to first buy Atkinson’s “Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous,
etc.” It is the best book we have. It is only a primer and does not
consider one of twenty of the agarics you will meet every season, but you
can derive from it a general idea of classification. I believe he should
have all praise for what he has done, not hiding the fact that there is a
ereat deal of room to do much better as he learns more of the subject.

“The next book of service is Miss Marshall’s “Mushroom Book,”
chiefly on account of the pictures which are much better than the text.
Like the preceding it is purely elementary and considers only a few com-
mon species.

“Dr. Herbst’s ‘Fungal Flora of the Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania, is a
very useful book because it considers many common plants that every one
will meet. Unfortunately the illustrations are very poor.

“When you have begun to get an insight into the genera, buy Steven-
son’s ‘British Fungi.’ It is chiefly a translation of Fries, but it is all the
more valuable on that account. Fries was the great master of agarics in
Europe, and universally held to be the best authority, but his writings are
in Latin, and while they are court of final resort, you will not need them
until you reach the ‘new species’ stage.

“Massee’s ‘British Fungus Flora,’ four volumes, is the latest English
work and is largely used in England. The arrangement of the genera de-
parts from all other works and. it is so difficult to find anything in it that
I rarely use it. It always reminds me of a house | saw on the Midway
where everything was upside down.

“The fungi of Europe and America are for the most part the same
species, and thus any European work will be of service in America. It is
my firm belief that the greater part of the plants in America that have
been described as new species, are European plants not recognized. Fail-
ure to identify the American plants from the conflicting accounts and illus-
trations that have been given of them in Europe is to no man’s discredit.
To reach conclusions when working with agarics in Europe is a task diffi-
cult enough: in America it is impossible. If American mycologists had
any practical way of learning the American names for the agarics they
meet it would be a great help.

“Tt is my experience in America that about two out of three plants one
meets agree with the descriptions just enough so that one thinks it may
be the species, and differ just enough so that one doubts it. So that you
are in a more uncertain position when you finish your determination than
when you began it. This is the fault of the way in which the matter is
presented. Professor Peck knows the New York plants and could write
systematic work, presenting the plants by contrast and pointing out the

364 Mycological Bulletin No. 82. [Vol. V.

Fig. 268. TlEe-Be-1L0’-MA RE-PAN’-puM. Collected in a heavily manured cabbage
patch on the farm of the Ohio State University, July 14, 1907, and identified by
Professor Morgan. Only one species (not this one) of Ilcbeloma is figured and
described by Professor Atkinson. He says: ‘Che genus corresponds with Tricholoma

of the white spored Agaries. All the species are regarded as unwholesome, and some
are considered poisonous. The species largely occur during the autumn. Ifew have
been studied in America.’’ The color was dark fulvous or sometimes buff.

October, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 82. 365

differences between them so that they could be recognized. I think [
reflect the wish of every American mycologist when I express the hope that
be may undertake A Manual of New York Agarics. 1 used the word
‘New York’ because it is the New York species that Professor Peck knows,
and fungi are such widely spread plants that it would serve as a manual
for the entire country. American mycology is embarrassed with a lot of
‘dried specimens’ descriptions of agarics which for the most part are rubbish
and should be crossed off the ‘literature.’ It is impossible for a man to
draw up live characters from dead plants that lose the most of their real
characters in drying. Such work only confuses the facts and should be
ignored in any work that wishes to be of real service.

“Not counting Boudier, the best illustrations of the agarics of Europe
in my opinion are the old works of Bulliard, Sowerby, and Greville, and in
the Flora Danica. The most useful series is Cooke’s plates because it
embraces all common species and for the most part is fairly well done.
If you have funds to buy but one series of illustrations. by Cooke’s. They
cost about one hundred dollars. With all Cooke’s faults, he did a great
deal to popularize mycology in England, and I wish we had a Cooke in
America.

Fig. 269. Rus’-su-LA E-MET’-CA.. Poisonous. On the ground in thin moist for-
ests, where there is much decaying and ‘disintegrated wood. The photograph from
which the cut was made, is of specimens collected in the Paint Creek region neat
Chillicothe, in August, 1906. The cap is pink or rosy, darker in age. It is viry
acrid in taste, said to be an emetic, and is poisonous, according to ‘‘authorities,”’ but

Macllvaine says he eats it.

Fig. 270. Po-1y’-po-rus pi’-ci-pes. Like several other Polypores this is said to

be good enough to eat when quite young, but it is more interesting in other ways.
It is one of the striking common forms, our cut from photographs of specimens in
which the pores are just making a beginning; but when mature they are yet ver)
small: the fruiting surface is white and the pores are round, yellowish with age.
When the pallid state of the cap is completed it gradually becomes chestnut this and
its peculiar form commanding universal attention. Collected at Chillicothe, Ohio,

\ugust, 1907.

lhe Mycological Bulletin is issued Monthly, Price 25c. Copies of Vol. IL (1904),
Vol. ILL (1905) and Vol. IV (1906) ma- be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound
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MUSHROOMS

BY PROF. GEORGE ERANCIS ATKINSON
OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY

Edible, Poisonous Mushrooms, Etc. With recipes for cooking by
Mrs. S. T. Rorer, and the chemistry and toxicology of Mushrooms,
by J. F. Clark. With 230 illustrations from photographs, including fif-
teen colored plates by F. R. Rathbun, 320 p. 8vo, $3.00 net (by mail
$3.23.)

‘Among the additions in this second editon of Prof. Atkinson’s re-
markable book are ten new plates, chapters on “The Uses of Mush-
rooms” and on “The Cultivation of Mushrooms” illustrated by several
flashlight photographs,

THE NATION said of the first edition, “If Prof. Atkinson would
fill in the gaps, and 20 or 30 plates and issue a second edition . . . he
would win the gratitude of every amateur and profesional mycologist
in the country. (This second editon is the one now issued.)

Prospectus of New American Nature Series Free on Application

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Make Money in Your Cellar

Mushroom Culture gives greater returns per dollar invested than

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and the PURE CULTURE METHOD has eliminated risk and pos-
sibility of failure as nearly as can be possiblee MUSHROOMS ARE
A WINTER MONEY MAKER—you need neither greenhouse nor
cold frame, just a little space in the cellar will provide you a nice in-
come if you use

PURE CULTURE SPAWN

Success is assured for every brick is inoculated direct from test
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You can get definite varieties for definite climates, either warm or cold.
This is not true of any other spawn. Get Pure Culture Spawn.

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ing.

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Pacific, Mo. and Cincinnati, O.

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Produced by the new grafting
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prolific specimens, thoroughly
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to run.

This spawn is made from
cultures taken by the selective
method, recently discovered,
from choice specimens of the
best varieties of mushrooms
known to be thoroughly accli-
matized, and_ selected with
special reference to their size,
flavor, vigor and_ prolificness.
The elements of uncertainty
surrounding th old chance
-method of producing wild
spawn (English and French),,
is therefore eliminated, and a
‘uniform crop of the best mar-
ketable variety is thus assured
to the exclusion of all other and inferior fungi.

The importance of this discovery will be realized from the mere
statement that, for the first time in the history of mushroom culture,
can spawn be offered of a specific variety of mushrooms.

Of the varieties already developed, we are offering pure culture
spawn of the Agaricus Campestris (white, cream or brown), A. Arvensis
(cream), and A. Villaticus (cream).

FOR SALE BY ALL LEADING SEEDSMEN.

Practical Instructions on ‘MUSHROOM CULTURE”
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VOL. V. NOVEMBER, 1907 NO. 83

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

W. A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER MAY 11,

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Mycological Bulletin

No. 83

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University.

Columbus, Ohio, November, 1907.

A MODERATE VARLE IY TEES “TIME.

We present several specimens of beauty or interest—the
striking Calvatia, and the beautiful Sarcoscypha, one of the most
charming of the attractive Pezizas, furnished us by the skillful
photographer, Mr. G. D. Smith of Akron. We will have oppor-
tunity later to see other specimens of his handiwork. Teachers
who see these may be interested to know that Mr. Smith will fur-
nish copies of his photos at a very moderate price.

DESCRIPTION AND PICTURE OF CALVATIA ELATA AND
SARCOSCYPHA FLOCCOSA.

G. D. SMITH.
CALVATIA ELATA.

The peridium is globose above and plicate below where it is abruptly
contracted into a long stem-like base. The base is slender, cylindrical, and
sometimes pitted. When in its prime condition the entire plant is a rich
cream color. The cortex consists of a coat of persistent granules or
spinules. The inner peridium is white or cream colored becoming brown
or olivaceous. The mass of spores and capillitium is usually brown. The
threads are very long and branched. Spores are usually globose and even
but may be sometimes slightly warted. I found this beautiful specimen
last September growing in a sphagnum swamp near Akron, Ohio. The
cut shows it natural size.

SARCOSCYPHA FLOCCOSA.

This species belongs to the Discomycetes and has a long slender stem
which broadens out into a slender goblet-shaped cup at the upper end.
<> The entire plant outside the cup is covered with short hairs while the rim
of the cup is beset with long, strigose hairs. The inside of the cup is a
deep red color while the outside of the entire plant is a very delicate pink.

The plants photographed are shown natural size and were found
growing in a rich shady woods near Aron, Ohio, on July 1, 1907.

[367]

LIBRA
NEW YO
BOTANIC

GARDE

[ Vol, vi

Mycological Bulletin No. 83.

368

November, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 83. 369

NOTES FROM MUSHROOM LITERATURE. IX.
W. A. KELLERMAN.

The report of the State Botanist, 1906, Charles H. Peck, was published
July, 1907, being Bulletin 116, Botany 10, New York State Museum. It
can be purchased of the New York State Education Department, Albany,
for 35 cents per copy. It is dispensable to every student of our Mush-
rooms. These new species by Dr. Peck are included: Amanitopsis
pulverulenta, Boletus subpunctipes, Collybia campanella, Cortinarius
validipes, Entoloma minus, Flammula expansa, Hygrophorus burnhami,
Marasmius phyllophilus, Mycena albogrisea, Omphalia pusillissima,
Peckiella hymenii, Pleurotus terrestris, Russula foetentula, Russula
modesta, Russula pectinatoides, Tricholoma hirtellum, Phallogaster whitei,
Hymenogaster anomalus, Leptonia transformata, Hygrophorus _ ruber,
Hygrophorus serotinus.

Remarks and observations of a few species are here transcribed.

“BoLETUS NIGRELLUS Pk.—A form of this extremely rare species was
found in Sand Lake, in which the pileus is yellowish or greenish yellow
when fresh, and its flesh as well as the tubes and stems slowly changes
to a dingy flesh color and then to black or black where wounded, as in
the type.

“CANTHARELLUS CANTHARELLUS (ScHw.) Fr—A form of this Mush-
room occurred plentifully the past season near Menands. The hymenium
was distinctly marked by branches and anastomosing.

“PAXILLUS PANUOIDES Fr—A singular form of this species was found
by Dr. H. von Schrenk growing on pulp paper that had been stored for
a considerable time in an enclosure where there was not much light. Both
habitat and place were unusual and evidently had a modifying influence
on the character of the specimens. Some of them were four inches long,
including the narrowed stem-like base, and two or three inches broad.
They were nearly white when fresh, but in drying they gradually assumed
a yellowish tint approaching tle normal color of the species.

About half dozen pages are devoted to the Edible Fungi, the following
being fully described and illustrated by colored plates: Tricholoma
hirtellum (new species), Tricholoma nudum, Clitocybe amethystina,
Clitocybe ochropurpurea, Russula compacta, Russula earlei, Russula
pectinatoides (new species), Russula uncialis, Agaricus micromegathus,
Boletus frostii, and Boletus rugosiceps.

The New York species of Hygrophorus are described and keys
furnished to the species of the three groups into which the genus is divided.
Prof. Peck says: “The waxy character of the hymenium is the chief dis-
tinguishing character of the genus; the lamellae are usually thick, distant,
or sub-distant, and their hymenial surfaces somewhat separable from the
trama. Many species with decurrent gills are similar in appearance to
species of Clitocybe, but such species may generally be distinguished by
their distant lamellae and their viscid pileus and stem.” Forty-two species
are included in the monograph.

The New York species of Russula, 59 species, are similarly treated.
Dr. Peck, after giving the technical description, says: “This genus is
closely related to the genus Lactarius, from which it is easily distinguished
by the absence of the milky juice. * * * The pileus is destitute of
concentric zones, but in the genus Lactarius such markings are frequent.
The red colors which are so conspicuous and common in this genus are
rarely, if ever, seen in Lactarius. In both genera many species have a mild
or an agreeable flavor, and many others have an acrid, hot or peppery
taste. This disagreeable flavor is generally destroyed in cooking so that
nearly all the species that have been tried have been found to be edible.”

A New Navucoria.—tThe illustration shown as Fig. 373, represents a
new species recently described by Professor Atkinson in the JoURNAL OF
Mycotocy. His statements in full are as follows:

370 Mycological Bulletin No. 83. [Vol. V.

Oo

Fic. 278. Sar-co-scy’-PHA FLOC-CO’-SA, Picture of a common and_ beautiful

Peziza which is described on page 367. Photo by G. D. Smith, Akron, Ohio.

-

November, 1907 | Mycological Bulletin No. 83. 371

Material received from Prof. W. A. Kellerman and Supt. M. E.
Hard, Central Ohio, prove to be undescribed species of fungi. The
diagnoses of one of these forms is given below; it is also illustrated
by a half-tone from photograph made by the collector.

NAUCORIA PALUDOSELLA ATKINSON N. Sp.—Growing on living sphagnum,
other mosses and on rotten wood, Sphagnum moor, Buckeye Lake (Cran-
berry Island), Ohio, W. A. Kellerman 4464, Sept. 1905, and M. E. Hard
and W. A. Kellerman, Oct. 1906. (4916, W. A. K.)

Plants 6-8 cm. high; pileus 244-3 cm. broad; stems 3-4 mm. thick.

Pileus viscid when moist, convex to expanded, in age somewhat de-
pressed, clay color, darker over center, often with appressed clay brown
scales with a darker color.

Gills raw umber to Mars brown (R), emarginate, adnate, sometimes
with a decurrent tooth, easily becoming free.

Cystidia on sides of gills none, edge of gills with large hyaline thin-
walled cells, subventricose, sometimes nearly cylindrical, abruptly narrowed
at each end with a slight sinus around the middle.

Spores subovate to subelliptical, smooth, 7-9x4-5 u, fuscous ferruginous,
dull ochraceous under microscope.

Stem same color as pileus but paler, cartilaginous, floccose from loose
threads or in some cases abundant threads over the surface, becoming
hollow, base bulbous, the extreme base covered with whitish mycelium.

Veil rather thick, floccose, disappearing leaving remnants on stem and
margin of pileus when fresh.

DESCRIGION: AND ILLUSTRATION OF PECK’S PSATHYRELLA
HIRTA.

W. A. KELLERMAN.

An interesting little Agaric appeared recently in the soil of a bed in
the Ohio State University Conservatory. It confined itself to a very small
area, the plants usually standing a short distance apart. When young it
was very conspicuous hy reason of the rather large tufts of white hairs
that completely covered the small pileus. It takes on a deep dull orange
color (fourth shade of orange, Prang’s system) when the cap expands,
and then the hairs mostly have disappeared. When quite mature none or
only traces of the hairs remain—so easily do they vanish especially by
application of water, (outside the greenhouse the rain of course would
have the same effect.)

Specimens of the plant (as No. 4915) were sent to Professor Peck
who identified it as a species which he described in the 50th Annual Report
of the New York State Museum (1898), p. 107. I quote his description
in full:

“Psathyrella hirta n. sp.—Pileus thin, hemispherical or convexs, adorned
when young with erect or spreading tufts of white, easily deterible and
quickly evanescent hairs, hygrophanous, brown or reddish-brown and
slightly striatulate when moist, pale grayish-brown or dingy whitish when
dry, flesh subconcolorous; lamellae broad; moderately close, adnate and
often furnished with a decurrent tooth, at first pallid, becoming blackish-
brown or black; stem flexuose, squamose, hollow, shining, white; spores
elliptical, black, .0005 to .00055 in. long, .00025 to .0003 broad.

“Subcaespitose; pileus 4 to 6 lines broad; stem 1 to 2 in. long to 1 to
1.5 lines thick.

“Dung or dungy ground in shaded places. Adirondack mountains.
July.

“The species has some points of similarity to Psathyra gossypina and
P. pennata, but its adnate lamellae and black spores distinguish it from

372 Mycological Bulletin No. 83. [Vol. V.

I'tc. 274. Nau-co’-RI-A PAL-U-DO-SEL’-LA. A new species found on Cranberry

Island (sphagnum swamp), Buckeye Lake, Central Ohio. See description on other
page.

November, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 83. 373

both. The hairs of the pileus are coarse and vanish so easily that they
are preserved with difficulty in the dried specimens.” (Charles H. Peck.)

The illustration, Fig. 276 (on last page), shows plants in various
stages of development. The dense floccose tufts are seen plainly on the
young specimens, and even on those quite well developed. Specimens in
age showing these tufts of hairs most conspicuously were selected for the
photograph. From the specimens on the left scarcely any are to be seen.
The plants are but 3 cm. high, the caps about one and a half cm. wide, and
the stems one to two mm. in diameter.

Specimens later were sent to Professor Atkinson, who considers them
Deconica atrorufa, (named by Schaeffer originally as Agaricus
atrorufus) ; some others use the name Psilocybe atrorufa for this. A
final decision may yet have to be deferred in reference to this plant. Un-
fortunately the ereenhouse bench gave way and the soil in which specimens
were growing had to be removed. It is hoped that plants may be found
later and their taxonomic status satisfactorily settled.

Fic. 275. Nau-co’-RI-A PAL-U-DO-SEL-LA. Same species as Fig. 274. This shows
better the yellow strands of mycelium at the base of the stem, by means of w hich the
attachment to the sphagnum is intimately secured. See description of the species on
other page.

374 Mycological Bulletin No. 83. [Vol. V.

Mig. 276. Psaru-y-reL’-LA wir’-tTa. A neat little mushroom found growing in the
greenhouse, thought worthy of more extended notice, therefore see page 371.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued Monthly, Price 25c. Copies of Vol. II (1904),
Vol. IIL (1905) and Vol. IV (1906) ma-- be had for 50 cents each, or cloth bound
copies for 75 cents. No copies remain of Vol. I (1902). Address W. A. Kellerman,
Columbus, Ohio.

| NEW SPENCER MICROSCOPE

No. 404

No. 40 Stand

Abbe Condenser

Two Iris Diaphragms

Triple Nosepiece

16 mm. (1-3 ”) Objective
4 mm. (1-6 ”) Objective
2 mm. (1-12”) Oil Im-

mersion Objective
Two Eyepieces
Mahogany Cabinet

THE BEST
MICROSCOPE EVER OFFERED FOR

$75.00 BECAUSE:

The lenses are unsurpassed

The Stand is the product of the best of material and
workmanship

The coarse and fine adjustments are the best made

The fine adjustment is protected by a neat handle
provided for carrying the instrument

The stage is large—67 mm. free distance from the
optical axis to the base of the arm is the great-
est yet produced

The stage is completely covered with vulcanite from
top to bottom

SPENCER LENS COMPANY
BUFFALO, N. Y.

When answering advertisement mention Mycological Bulletin.

2 d E di ti of the book which is ‘without doubt the most important and
8] 1 10n valuable work of its kind.”—Plant World.

MUSHROOMS

BY PROF. GEORGE ERANCIS ATKINSON
OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY

Edible, Poisonous Mushrooms, Etc. With recipes for cooking by
Mrs. S. T.’ Rorer, and the chemistry and toxicology of Mushrooms,
by J. F. Clark. With 230 illustrations from photographs, including fif- .
teen colored plates by F. R. Rathbun, 320 p. 8vo, $3.00 net (by mail
$3.23.)

Among the additions in this second editon of Prof. Atkinson’s re-
markable book are ten new plates, chapters on “The Uses of Mush-
rooms” and on “The Cultivation of Mushrooms” illustrated by several
flashlight photographs.

THE NATION said of the first edition, “If Prof. Atkinson would
fill in the gaps, and 20 or 30 plates and issue a second edition . . . he
would win the gratitude of every amateur and profesional mycologist
in the country. (This second editon is the one now issued.)

Prospectus of New American Nature Series Free on Application

HENRY HOLT & COMPANY 29 W. 23rd St., NEW YORK

When answering advertisement mention Mycological Bulletin.

Nine Mushrooms, Weight Four Pounds
Grown from Pure Culture Spawn

Make Money in Your Cellar

Mushroom Culture gives greater returns per dollar invested than

any other line of horticulture. A very small outlay will start a bed,
and the PURE CULTURE METHOD has eliminated risk and pos-
sibility of failure as nearly as can be possible. MUSHROOMS ARE
A WINTER MONEY MAKER—you need neither greenhouse nor
cold frarre, just a little space in the cellar will provide you a nice in-
come if you use

PURE CULTURE SPAWN

Success is assured fer every brick is inoculated direct from test
tube culture. You can breed to definite variety just as in apples, etc.
You can get definite varieties for Cefinite climates, either warm or cold.
This is not true of any other spawn. Get Pure Culture Spawn.

Write for our free book, No. 4, it tells all about mushroom grow-
ing.

PURE CULTURE SPAWN CO.

Pacific, Mo. and Cincinnati, O.

Address ail correspondence to PACIFIC

ry

LAMBERTS PURE CULTURE

Mushroom

Spawn

Produced by the new grafting
process from selected and
prolific specimens, thoroughly
acclimatized, has never fatled
to run.

This spawn is made from
cultures taken by the selective
method, recently discovered,
from choice specimens of the
best varieties of mushrooms
known to be thoroughly accli-
matized, and selected with
special reference to their size,
flavor, vigor and_ prolificness.
The elements of uncertainty
surrounding th old chance
method of producing wild
spawn (English and French),
is therefore eliminated, and a
uniform crop of the best mar-
ketable variety is thus assured
to the exclusion of all: other and inferior fungi.

The importance of this discovery will be realized from the mere
statement that, for the first time in the history of mushroom culture,
can spawn be offered of a specific variety of mushrooms.

Of the varieties already developed, we are offering pure culture
spawn of the Agaricus Campestris (white, cream or brown), A. Arvensis
(cream), and A. Villaticus (cream).

FOR SALE BY ALL LEADING SEEDSMEN.

Practical Instructions on ‘MUSHROOM CULTURE”
mailed free on application.

American Spawn Company,

ST. PAUL, MINN.

When answering advertisement mention Mycological Bulletin.

DECEMBER, 1907 NO. 84

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

W. A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

| |

[inex To vos. wv |

ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER MAY 11, 1906, AT THE POSTOFFICE AT
Co_tumBus, OunIo.

Edited and Published by fat Press of VANCE-POLAND CO.
W. A. KELLERMAN Columbus, Ohio

You: Can Use Bneravings

in your pusiness, just the same as other men use them. Time was
when engravings were really too expensive for common use, but they

are cheap now ; °

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ENGRAVING Advertising Cuts

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We have a beautiful specimen book §
: which shows the quality of our work, and .
SSSBIITSSGIBTT. we send it free on request
WRITE US ABOUT ANY KIND OF ENGRAVED DESIGN FOR ANY PURPOSE

We make the engravings for this Publication

Standard Botanical Text Books

Anoprews’s. (E.: F:)) Botany “All the Year. Round: 204 0. oy oh a $1 00
The same. With Brief Flora of the Eastern United States..... 1 50
Apcar’s (A. C.) Trees of the Northern United States.............. 1 00
Apcar’s ‘(BV Ac’ & AL GC.) New Plant, Analysis ovis soca de roaiae mats
CHApMAN’S Flora of the Southern United States Third Edition.... 4 00
Cou.tter’s Manual of the Botany of the Rocky Mountains.......... 1 62
GRAY'S | LESSONS) Ma HO LATIVial Sai cicicle tu alk coma ote Glaus cuca Rhea ereiohatat ataleaaane 94
Outlines Of yBotany Cl eavitt Vie 65 Bray oe alle exer Oty on kiacele blade Oka 1 00
The same. With Field, Forest and Garden Flora.............. 1 80
The' same: “WithaManual: of | Botanty-cna duoc ited inle eleieieva aralerentoterenaa 2 25
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W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State University.

Columbus, Ohio,

84 LIBRARY

NEW YORK
BOTANICAL

GARDEN.

December, 1907.

iow. CO SUBJECTS AND VAUTHORS, VOLS:

Accentuation, 38
Aecidium or Clustercups, 206
Acknowledgments, 50, ete., 120,
129, 145, 169, 177, 217, 221, 233
Agaricus cretacellus, 234
Amanita flavoconia, 234
Amanita Number, 161, 162, 165, 166
Announcement, 89
Annulus, 10
Atkinson, Professor (portrait), 54
Atkinson, 158, 234, 243, 255, 262,
PipLoods ooD7) DOO
Bacteria Number, 173
Banker, Howard James, 351
Basidiomycetes, Orders, 128
Beardslee, 145
Bell Omphalia, 153
Blank for descriptions, 77-9
Blank, explanation, 81
Blank for Lactaria description, 374
Boletus nigrellus, 369
Books on Mushrooms, 363
Books, useful, on fungi, 2
Botanical names, 5
Box-tortoises and toadstools, 222
Bulgaria rufa, discharge of
spores, 257
Burlingham, Gertrude Simmons,
343, 349
Calostoma, 112
Calvatia elata, 367
Cantharellus cantharellus, 369
Charter members of club, 4
~ Carrion fungi, 2
p= Christman, A. H., 202, 206
© Classification, 125
es Clavariaceae, 4
Clitocybe illudens, 33, 61
*Clitopilus, 146
™™Collybia radicata, deformed, 34
«>» Colored illustrations, 54
ee ambus bookseller, 61

I-V.

Comparison of Amanita, Amani-
totopsis and Lepiota, 58

Cooke, frontispiece, Vol III

Coral fungi, 1, 50

Cordyceps herculea, 241

Corticicolous fungus, 329

Cortinarius (genus), 312

Cortinarius (key), 313

Cortinarius (mycorrhiza), 308

Cortinarius cylindripes, 252

Cortinarius sterilis, 252

Cortinarius rubipes, 308

Crepidotus, 113

Cultivating the Mushroom, 282

Cup fungi, 2

Descriptions, blank for, 77-9

Dictyophora (variability), 202

Discomycetes, 142

Douglas, Gertrude E., 259

Duggar, B. M., 266

Earle, F. S., 260

Early mushroom (Naucoria), 232

Earth stars, 2

Economy in Nature, 60

Editor’s Notes, 99, 100, 120, 125,
138, 140, 140, 185, 193, 197,
201, 205, 225, 233, 240, 248, 257,
281, 289, 295, 303, 311, 319,
327, 343

Ellis, frontispiece, Vol. II

Elm pleurotus, 158

Entoloma subcostatum, 331

Exhibition of mushrooms, 14, 18

Explanation of blank, 81

Fairy ring, 105

Farlow, frontispiece, Vol. IV

Fawn-colored Pluteus, 62

Field study of mushrooms, 78

Fly agaric, another, 222, 227

Fomes leucophaeus, 361

Fungi, group names, 1

Fungi in the arts, 275

376 Mycological Bulletin No 84. [Vol. V.
Galera kellermani, 278 Lycoperdaceae, 2

Gall on a mushroom, 38 Mcllvaine, 158

Geaster minima, 323 Marasmius delectans, 278
Geasters, 2 Market mushrooms in Europe,

Gill fungi, 1, 3

Glossary, mycological, 98, 102,
110, 114, 118, 122, 126, 134

Good locality, 19

Grape mildew, 151

Groups of fungi, 1

Groups of Tylostoma, 296

Guatemalan fungus, 213

Gyromitra, esculenta, poisonous,
123, 147, 230, 232

Halsey, Pierson W., 218

Flanmenn Car 2a4

Hard, M. E., 226, 233, 241, 249,
275, 289, 293

Harpochytrium, 111

Harshberger, John W., 222

Helvellaceae, 2

Helvella family, 2

Honey-comb fungi, 5

Hosts of Panaeolus epimyces, 194

How to handle specimens, 58

Hyde, Edith, 239, 329

Hydnaceae, 1, 351

Hydnums, 30

Hydnums, new names, 353

Hygrophorus, the ivory, 74

Hymeniales of Connecticut, 168

Hypholoma, 73, 121

Index to Subjects and Authors,
Vols. I-V, 375

Introductory, 1

Ivory hygrophorus, 74

Jack-my-lantern, 9, 61

Jennings, O. E., 257

Journal of Mycology, 50

Kauffman, C. H, 252, 308, 311

Kellerman, Ivy, 38

Kellerman, W. A., 228, 234, 247,
Zo, 2095, ell, , BUS raat, 343,
351, 359, 367, 369, 371

Key to the species of Clitopilus,
146 A

Keys for mushrooms, list,
178, 182, 183, 185, 186

Key to the Polyporaceae, 173, 174

Lactaria, descriptive blank, 347

Large polyporus, 34

Large puff-ball, 34

Lactarii, 343

Lactarii of Vermont, 349

Lepiota, 58

Lepiota morgani, 134

Lepiota naucina, 66

Letter from Prof. Peck, 49

Lloyd, C. G., 296

Lloyd’s Mycological Notes, 181

174,

251

Marshall, Nina L., 210

Members, list, 4, 8, 16, 20, 24, 28,

32, 36, 40, 42, 44, 56, 62, 72,

76, 80, 84, 86, 88, 91, 93, 94

Morchella (September), 218

Morchella bispora, 149, 151

Morchellas, 5

Morel, two-spored, 149

Morelle (September), 218

Miorelsei 2s beulend 4.50)

Morgan, A. P., 154, 247, 278

Moulds, 324

Mucor, 325

Mucor fusiger, 325

Mucor mucedo, 325

Mucor stercoreus, 325

Mirra VWe At ioemeos

Mushroom growing (Duggar, 265

Mushroom keys, list, 174, 178, 182,

183, 185, 186

Mushroom literature, 234, 247,

251, 259, 277, 308, 330, 343,

351, 359, 369, 371

Mushroom market in Europe, 251

Mushroom notes, 228

Mushroom, parts of, 9

Mushroom Number, 265

Mushrooms or toadstools?, 214

Mycelium, 10

Mycena, the genus, 70

Mycena haematopa, 275

Mycological glossary, 98, 102,
110, 114, 118, 122, 126, 134

Naucoria paludosella, 371

Naucoria pediades, 232

New departure, 97

New names for hydnums, 353

Notes from Mushroom Literature,
234, 247, 251, 259, 277, 308,
330, 343, 351, 359, 369, 371

Notes by Editor, 9, 13, 31, 39, 34,
Sige ails 40, eLGy

Nature study, 3

Omphalia, 150

Omphalia campanella, 153

Oyster mushroom, 30

Panaeolus, 244

Panaeolus epimyces (hosts), 194

Panaeolus retirugis (growth), 259

Parasitic fungi, 117

Parts of Mushroom, 9

Patouillard, frontispiece, Vol. V

Paxillus panuoides, 369

Peck, Chas. H., 42, 762, 247, 278

Peck, frontispiece, Vol I

December, 1907]

Mycological Bulletin No. 84. 377

Pack’s Psathyrella hirta, 371
Peck’s Reports, 38, 369
Peronospora, 108
Peziza, 226, 327
Peziza badia (spore
222
Peziza coccinea, 226
PRezizaceae, 2, 31
Peziza repanda, 222, 237
Pezizas again, 141
Peronospora, grape mildew, 151
Phallaceae, 2
Phalloids or stinkhorns, 70
Photographs solicited, 93
Phycomyces, 326
Phycomyces nitens, 326
Phyllopodia, a new genus, 223
Phyllopodia parasitica, 223
Pilobolus, 326
Pilobolus crystallinus, 326
Pleurotus, 30, 157
Pleurotus ostreatus,
charge, 234
Pleurotus ulmarius, 158, 249
Pluteus cervinus, 62
Poisoning by mushrooms, 218
Polyporaceae, 1, 34
Polyporaceae, key, 173
Polypores, 34
Polypori, 359
Polyporus lucidus, 361
Polyporus Number, 173
Polyporus obtusus, 277
Polyporus parasitic on leaf, 223
Pore fungi, 1
Polystictus pergamenus, 361
Pronunciation of names, 25, 38
Psathyrella hirta, 371
Psilocybe, 109
Publishers, 44
Puff-balls, 2, 18, 19
Puff-ball family, 2, 18
Pure-culture spawn, 282
Purpose, 99
Quotations, 194, 198, 202,
214, 218, 222
Ravenel’s phalloid, 70, 74
Rhodosporae, 145
Ring, 10
Rosy-spored agarics, 145
Rosy-spored agaricus, 62
Sarcoscypha floccosa, 367
Scale for measurement, 18
Sclerotinia tuberosa, 327
Sending (packing), mushrooms,
272
Sherman, Helen, 194, 198
Smith, Arthur L., 232, 237
Smith, G. D., 367
Smooth lepiota, 66, 80, 82, 67

discharge),

spore dis-

206, 210,

Smut, 209
Spawn from pure culture, 265, 282
Spawn, pure culture, 282
Specimens, good, 17
Specimens, how to send, 8
Sphaerostible cinnabarina, 329
Spine fungi, 1
Spore-color in agarics, 62
Spore-print, 10
Sporodinia, 326
Sporodinia aspergillus, 326
Stannate Mycena, 72
Sterling, Edward B., 214
Stinkhorns, or phalloids, 70
Stipe, 10
Strobilomyces, 101
Structure (minute) of a
room, 10
Study necessary, 9
Sturgis, W. C., 218
Suggestions to teachers, 3
Sumstine, D. R., 222, 324
Sumstine, Stella, 326
Terms illustrated, 137
Terms applied to fungi, 173
Toadstools (quotations), 210
Tricholoma funescens, 292
Tricholoma, Ohio species, 289
Tricholoma, sejunctum, 290
Tricholoma squarrulosum, 292
Tricholoma terreum, 292
Tuberous peziza, 327
Two-spored morel, 149
Tylostoma, 296
Tylostoma albicans, 29, 7
Tylostoma americanum, 302
Tylostoma berkleyii, 307
Tylostoma campestre, 307
Tylostoma floridanum, 301
Tylostoma kansense, 302
Tylostoma lloydii, 305
Tylostoma obesum, 306
Tylostoma occidentale, 296
Tylostoma poculatum, 303
Tylostoma purpusii, 300
Tylostoma pygmaeum, 298
Tylostoma resplendens, 291
Tylostoma rufum, 299
Tylostoma simulans, 299
Tylostoma subfuscum, 304
Tylostoma tuberculatum, 304
Tylostoma verrucosum, 297
Urnula craterium (variation), 22
Uses of mushrooms, 243, 255, 26
Vermont lactarii, 349
Volva, 10
Volvaria, 129
Volvaria bombycina, 293
White rust, 217
Words explained, 1

mush-

8
2

378 Mycological Bulletin No 84.

[Vol. V.

INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS, VOLS. I-V

Aecidium of elder, 199
Aecidium impatientis, 296
Agaricus campestris, 266
Agaricus fabaceus, 272
Agaricus rodmani, 22
Agaricus villaticus, 266
Albugo ipomoeae-panduratae, 220
Amanita muscaria, 53, 55
Amanita phalloides, 56
Amanita rubescens, 84
Amanita solitaria, 163, 164
Amanita strobiliformis, 26
Amanita verna, 161
Amanitopsis vaginata, 89
American Lepiota, 60
Armellaria mellea, 104, 113
Bacillus carotovorus, 176, 176 bis
Bacterium malyacearum, 175 bis
Bacterium pruni, 173 bis, 177
Bird’s-nest fungus, 61
Black Peziza, 40, 229
Boletinus porosus, 358
Boletus americanus, 205
Boletus edulis, 168
Boletus felleus, 160
Botryosporium pulchrum, 99
Bovista gigantea, 18
Brown Peziza, 66
Bulgaria inquinans, 40
Calvatia craniformis, 269
Calvatia elata, 366
Cantharellus aurantiacus, 167
Carrion fungus, 2
Clavaria pyxidata, 49
Clitocybe flaccida, 211
Clitocybe illudens, 59, 63
Clitocybe infundibuliformis, 77,
212
Clitocybe laccata, 360
Clitocybe monadelphus, 65
Clitocybe multiceps, 143
Clitocybe odora, 170
Clitopilus abortivus, 147
Clitopilus orcella, 148
Clustered Clitocybe, 65
Collybia platyphylla, 179
Collybia radicata, 138
Coprinus atramentarius, 52
Coprinus comatus, 17
Coral fungus, 2, 29, 49
Cordyceps herculea, 242
Cortinarius atkinsonainus, 310
Cortinarius cylindripes, 318
Cortinarius cinnamomeus, 197

Cortinarius crocecolor, 314
Cortinarius deceptivus, 315
Cortinarius rubripes, 309
Cortinarius sterilis, 316
Cortinarius stramineus, 317
Cortinarius umidicola, 312
Crepidotus malachius, 172
Crepidotus versutus, 101
Cup fungus, 2, 14, 15, 30, 31
Cyclomyces greenei, 221
Daedalea elegans, 213
Deadly agaric, 56
Dictyophora ravanelii, 71
Didymium squamulosum, 87
Worsalleeamuss i

Hanth stare 2. lOhe20m

Entoloma subcostatum, 332, 334
Fawn-colored Pluteus, 64
Fistulina hepatica, 352, 354, 356

Floccose Peziza, 31

Fly Agaric, 53, 55

Fomes fomentarius, 35

Fomes graveolens, 36

Funnel Clitocybe, 77

Galera kellermani, 279

Galera sphagnum, 116

Geaster minima, 323

Geaster triplex (should be Geas-
ter minima), 201

Gill (structure), 10

Gill fungus, 2, 9, 22,
28, 32, 37

Grape mildew, 150

Gray-gill Hypholoma, 92

Grooved Helvella, 85

Gyromitra brunrea, 16

Gyromitra esculenta, 12, .227,
230, 235

Hackberry knot, 246, 248

Hairy Polyporus, 33

Harpochytrium, 111

Hebeloma repandum, 364

Helotium citrinum, 209

Helvella, 6, 24

Helvella crispa, 136

Helvella elastica, 24, 136

Helvella lacunosa, 85

Hirneola auriculajudae, 20

Hydnum erinaceus, 120

Hydnum pulcherrimum, 44

Hydnum zonatum, 165

Hygrophorus conicus, 169

Hygrohorus eburneus, 75, 200

Hygrophorus laurae, 216

23, 25, 26,

December, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 84. 379
Hypholoma appendiculatum, 121 Panus dorsalis, 37

Hypholoma capnoides, 92 Panaeolus campanulatus (should
Hypholoma lacrymabundum, 57 be changed to Stropharia
Hypholoma sublateritium, 25, 223 simiglobata), 244

Hypomyces lactufluorum, 195
Ink-cap, 52
Inocybe subochracea burtii, 280
Ithyphallus impudicus, 83
Ivory Hygrophorus, 75
Jack-my-lantern, 59, 63
Jew’s ear, 20
Lactarius deliciosus, 350
Lactarius trivialis, 344
Lactarius volemus, 219, 346
Leaf mildew fungus, 245
Lentinus vulpinus, 41
Lepiota americana, 60
Lepiota cepaestipes, 23
Lepiota morgani, 155, 156
Lepiota naucina, 67, 80, 82
Lepiota procera, 68
Lycoperdon echinatum, 196
Lycoperdon piriforme, 184
Lycoperdon tesselatum, 181, 196
Lycoperdon umbrinum, 196
Lveoperdon wrightii, 261
Marasmius campanulatus, 204
Marasmius candidus, 88
Marasmius cohaerens, 28
Marasmius delectans, 258
Marasmius ramealis, 251
Marismius rotula, 73
Merulius rubellus, 109
Morchella angusticeps, 21
Morchella bispora, 27, 149
Morchella conica, 7, 135
Morchella esculenta, 6, 272
Morchella deliciosa, 11
Morchella hybrida, 135
Morchella eer: 13
Miorelwe: OF 7. 11.19, 31". 7
Moulds, ‘304, ‘395, 326
Mucor fusiger, 325
Mucor mucedo, 324
Mushrooms from pure culture
spawn, 271, 282, 283, 284
Mutinus caninus, 217
Mycena haematopa, 274
Mycena leaiana, 69
Mycena stannea, 72
Mycological terms illustrated, 139
Myriostoma coliformis, 19
Myxomycetes, 140
Narrow Panus, 76
Naucoria paludosella, 372, 373
Naucoria pediades, 232
Omphalia campanella, 153
Omphalia umbellifera, 152
Onion-stem agaric, 23
Oyster mushroom, 32
Panus angustatus, 76

Panaeolus epimyces, 193
Parasol mushroom, 68
Parts of a mushroom, 9
Paxillus atratomentosus, 362
Pepper-box earth-star, 19
Peronospora floerkeae, 107
Peronospora, grape mildew, 150
Peziza badia, 66
Peziza coccinea, 141, 226, 228
Peziza repanda, 236, 237
Peziza reticulata, 14, 15
Pezizas, 14; 15, 30, 31, 40
Pholiota unicolor, 144
Phyllachora mexicana, 117
Phyllosticta asiminae, 142
Pilobolus crystallinus, 326
Pleurotus applicatus, 224
Pleurotus ostreatus, 270
Pleurotus sapidus, 32
Pleurotus ulmarius, 15 5S
Pluteus cervinus, 64, 134, 2!
Polyporus, 33, 35, 36, 3s
Polyporus arculariformis, 1
Polyporus betulinus, 39, 1
Polyporus brumalis, 203
Polyporus hydnoides, 127
Polyporus igniarius, 257
Polyporus picipes, 366
Polyporus radicatus, 43
Polyporus subsericeus, 276
Polprous umbellatus, 262
Polyporus versicolor, 175, 176
Polystictis hirsutus, 33
Pore fungus, 2, 33, 35, 36, 39
Portrait of Atkinson, 54
Portrait of Ellis, frontispiece,
Vol. IT
Psathyrella disseminata, 51
Psathyrella hirta, 374
Psilocybe ammophilus, 97
Puff-ball, 2, 18
Puff-ball, Calvatia craniformis, 269
Pure cultures, 268, 282, 283, 284
Ravenel’s phalloid, 71
Reddish amanita, 84
Rhytisma concavum, 115
Rodman’s mushroom, 22
Root polyporus, 43
Russula emetica, 365
Russula nitida, 349
Sarcoscypha floccosa, 31, 370
Sarcoscypha occidentale, 30
Scleroderma vulgare, 256
Sclerotinia tuberosa, 328
Shaggy mane, 17
Sheathed amanitopsis, 89

380

Simblum sphaerocephalum, 348

Simblum texense, 348

Slime mould, 87

Smooth lepiota, 80, 82, 67

Smut of cimifuga, 208

Sphaerostilbe cinnabarina, 330

Sphaerosoma echinulatum, 103

Sphaerotheca phytoptophilus, 245

Spine fungus, 2, 44

Spore print, 11

Sporodinia aspergillus, 326

Stannate mycena, 72

Stinkhorn, 83

Strobilomyces strobilaceus, 100,
240

Stropharia semiglobata (to this
change the name given for
Fig. 191), 244

Thatched polyporus, 36

Trametes elegans, 213, 215

Tremella albida, 81

Tricholoma melaleucum, 119,

Tricholoma sejunctum, 290

124

Tricholoma sulnhureum, 261
Tricholoma terreum, 293
Tricholoma resplendens, 391

Tylostoma albicans, 298

Mycological Bulletin No 84.

[Vol. V.

Tylostoma
Tylostoma
Tylostoma
Tylostoma
‘Lylostoma
Tylostoma
Tylostoma
Tylostoma
Tylostoma
Tylostoma
Tylostoma
Tylostoma
Tylostoma
Tylostoma

americanum, 301
berkeleyi, 307
floridanum, 300
obesum, 307
lloydii, 305
occidentale, 296
poculatum, 302
purpusii, 300
pygmaeum,
rufum, 299
simulans, 299
tuberculatum, 304
subfuscum, 304
verrucosum, 297

296

Urnula craterium, 105, 229, 231
Urocystis carcinodes, 208
Verpa digitaliformis, 238, 239
Volvaria bombycina, 129, 294

Volvaria pusilla, 137

Western peziza, 30

White marasmius, 88

White rust, 220

White tremella, 81

Witches’ broom, 246, 248

Yellow clustercups of elder, 199

Yellow Clustercups of Impatiens,
207

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This is not true of any other spawn. Get Pure Culture Spawn.

Write for our free book, No. 4, it tells all about mushroom grow-

ing.

PURE CULTURE SPAWN CO.

Pacific, Mo. and Cincinnati, O.

Address all correspondence to PACIFIC

LAMBERT’S PURE CULTURE

Mushroom

Spawn

Produced by the new grafting
process from selected and
prolific specimens, thoroughly
acclimatized, has never fatled
to run.

This spawn is made from
cultures taken by the selective
method, recently discovered,
from choice specimens of the

known to be thoroughly accli-
matized, and_ selected — with
special reference to their size,
flavor, vigor and_prolificness.
The elements of uncertainty
surrounding th old chance
method of producing wild
spawn (English and French),
is therefore eliminated, and a
uniform crop of the best mar-
ketable variety is thus assured
to the exclusion of all other and inferior fungi.

The importance of this discovery will be realized from the mere
statement that, for the first time in the history of mushroom culture,
can spawn be offered of a specific variety of mushrooms.

Of the varieties already developed, we are offering pure culture
spawn of the Agaricus Campestris (white, cream or brown), A. Arvensis
(cream), and A. Villaticus (cream).

FOR SALE BY ALL LEADING SEEDSMEN.

Practical Instructions on ‘MUSHROOM CULTURE”
mailed free on application.

American Spawn Company,

ST. PAUL, MINN.

When answering advertisement mention Mycological Bulletin.

best varieties of mushrooms -

JANUARY, 1908

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

W. A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

THE POLAND PRESS, COLUMBUS, OHIO

Entered as Second Class Matter May 11, 1906, at Post Office, Columbus, Ohio

ine oe

You Can Use, Ensravings

in your pusiness, just the same as other men use them. Time was
when engravings were really too expensive for common use, but they

are cheap now fe)

HESHCGSIOSOESS | Dortraits, Buildings

BUCHER Machinery, Live Stock
ENGRAVING Advertising Cuts

COMPANY |. Stationery Headings
Cover Pages, Etc.

COLUMBUS,
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We have a beautiful specimen book
which shows the quality of our work, and

SSSBIIIIBTIGII we send it free on request
WRITE US ABOUT ANY KIND OF ENGRAVED DESIGN FOR ANY PURPOSE

We make the engravings for this Publication

Standard Botanical Text Books

ANprEws’s (E. F.) Botany All the Year Round.......0.........-. $1 00
The same. With Brief Flora of the Eastern United States..... 1 50
Apcar’s (A. C.) Trees of the Northern United States.............. 1 00
Apgar’s 'CE,A.’ & A.C.) New, Plant “Analysis... ou hea eee 55
CHAPMAN’S Flora of the Southern United States Third Edition.... 4 00
CoutTEer’s Manual of the Botany of the Rocky Mountains.......... 1 62
Gravis Lessons) fi BOtariys 0) 0. sibs Wipers oe eed etic Sateen ne 94
Otttlines of “Botany iGleavith) sic cis since ees alc eile ale rake ates eae 1 00
The same. With Field, Forest and Garden Flora.............. 1 80
Phe same,“ With Manual of Botanying is efiu sca cle clon elalelaieraeaen 2.25
Field, Forest and Garden Botany, Flo ra only ........... seveeeee 1 44
School and Fi-ld Book of Botany. Lessons and Flora....,.... 1 80
Manual.,,of, Botany.}; Flora only se oi ien in eee aot aie ener 1 62
APhe same. Tourists EA Git1O nN. s Lies oe acter lelaienese ate cet els Ree Arne 2 00,
Lessons and Mantali) One syolumeiki. ie sects are nistinele halons cieenaee 2 16
Gray’s New Botanical Text-Book: Z
Voli 1.) Structural. Botany (Gray ) ics eae ee thee into oe einen 2 00
Vol. IT; Physiolopical) Botany \( Goodale) ins iciiy cetera.) crelelel voneratens 2 00
Gray & Coutter’s Text-Book of Western Botany................-. 2 16
LEAVITY’s Outlines’ of hBotanyauetinc Ve Ue. hii elit vem epic niente ana 1 00
The same. With Gray’s Field, Forest and Garden Flora ...... 1 80
The same. With Gray’s Manual of Botany.................... a2)
Woon’s (Alphonso) Object Lessons in Botany............-00eeseeeee 1 00
Lessons ‘in ‘Botany ..5s ois fst s) wl Vikeie b Ges eerie ee eitale beletnlaa a a

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AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY, Cincinnati

When answering advertisement mention Mycological Bulletin.

y) d E di y of the book which is “‘without doubt the most important and
nN ition valuable work of its kind.”— Plant World.

MUSHROOMS

By PROF. GEORGE ERANCIS ATKINSON

OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY

Edible, Poisonous Mushrooms, Etc. With recipes for cooking by
Mrs. S. T. Rorer, and the chemistry and toxicology of Mushrooms,
by J. F. Clark. With 230 illustrations from photographs, including fif-
teen esha plates by F. R. Rathbun, 320 p. 8vo, $3.00 net (by mail
$3.23.

Among the additions in this second editon of Prof. Atkinson’s re-
markable book are ten new plates, chapters on “The Uses of Mush-
rooms” and on “The Cultivation of Mushrooms” illustrated by several
flashlight photographs,

THE NATION said of the first edition, “If Prof. Atkinson would
fll in the gaps, and 20 or 30 plates and issue a second edition . . . he
would win the gratitude of every amateur and profesional mycologist
in the country. (This second editon is the one now issued.)

Prospectus of New American Nature Series Free on Application

HENRY HOLT & COMPANY 29 W. 23rd St., NEW YORK

FOR SALE

Half-tone Portraits of the following eminent Mycologists:
Peck, Ellis, Arthur, Burrill, Farlow, Tracy, Earle, At-
kinson, Holway, Thaxter, Clinton, Magnus, Oudemans,
Patouillard, Hennings, Rehm, Cooke, Saccardo, Dietel,

Mercolopical, Bulletin, Vol. J, 1903.0... tk dees a ~-- §0 cts.
¥ pepe ft Pekaes S02 7 LO aR al na ca wee), GO. CES.

oct . UTE TOG Bis 9 <Narnie als cia aheiacatn! Cy aes

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myawealogical ‘Glossary, ..:\000 5 Gis ase see os Guinlaneais ceveee 25. Cts
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Mi it MA TEPAIGOG S's isis's Sere altars atten 1200

as * ec Cerene ov Ol ssi S 55. caren ale ia me)

Ww. A. Kellerman, Columbus, Ohio

When answering advertisement mention “Mycological Bulletin.

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When answering advertisement mention Mycological Bulletin.

Mycological Bulletin

(Nos. 85 to 96)

Toe

Volume VI
1908

“os

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D.
Ohio State University

E LIBRARY
A NEW YORK
BOTANICA!

GARDEN.

COUMBUS, OHIO
Press 9f The Poland Company

PROFESSOR A. P. MORGAN AT HIS HOME PORCH

From a kodak picture taken a short time before his death; Mrs. Morgan is on the right

ictus

=)
AJ

JAN a

Mycological Bulletin

No. 85
W. A. Kellerman, Ph, D., Ohio State University

Columbus, January, 1908
QUIN-QUEN-NI-UM.

It may not be amiss to set mile-stones for the BULLETIN
for each five years. Accordingly we have given an Index for
Volumes I-V, during which time the pagination was continuous ;
those who wish to bind them into one volume will appreciate a
single index for all. The value is still enhanced by indexing
the illustrations separately from the subject matter.

Our second quinquennial period begins with this issue, and
accordingly we begin again with page 1. The practically un-
changing list of steady subscribers is appreciated, and suggests
that the BULLETIN is organized on a satisfactory basis. However,
it is believed that a type somewhat larger will be welcomed, and
we hope nothing of neatness will be thereby sacrificed; in fact,
we are sure the appearance will be improved.

DEATH OF PROFESSOR A. P. MORGAN.
W. A. KELLERMAN.

The death of Professor Morgan has removed from us a
genuine’ naturalist, an eminent mycologist, and splendid man.

But it is a pleasure to state that the deep interest in nature,
particularly the vegetable world, which his daily life, study, and
publications evinced, had nothing of sordid motive—this was
not a means of accumulating wealth or even a method of earn-
ing a livelihood. His latter twenty-three years, on the farm,
were quite favorable to sympathetic enjoyment of nature and
most fully embraced. My own visit at his home a summer or
two ago, with a short ramble through his fields and woods, put
me in touch with a type of naturz list too rare these later days ;
revealed to me a soul alive to the beauties of nature and respons-
ive to her sweetest influences.

He devoted much study to the mushrooms and other higher
fungi—not neglecting, however, other interesting plants, for
example, Discomycetes, the Slime-moulds or Myxomycetes, etc.,

Most important for us of his numerous publications should
be mentioned his Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, pub-
lished in the Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural His-
tory, and his various papers on Agarics, published recently in
the Journal of Mycology.

LIBRAR
NEW YO
BOTANIC

GARDE

4 Mycological Bulletin No. 85 [Vol. VI

SUPT. HARD’S NEW BOOK ON MUSHROOMS
AN ADVANCE REVIEW BY W. A. KELLERMANN.

Now comes forth an announcement of a new book on
MusnHrooms by that mushroom-hunter, mushroom-eater, mush-
room-writer, as it were, mushroom-fiend—but we have seen the
MSS., and the pictures, and can quiet the mushroom public by
saying that the book is all right. In natural history no one is
“authority” ‘—each one thinks for himself, speaks for himself;
it is the plan we here adopt to give a single description of Mr.
Hard’s, and a few sample illustrations, which his publishers have
kindly allowed me to use in advance. We take at random a
description, say of AMANITA MAPPA, and it will appear as fol-
lows in the new book:

“AMANITA MAPPA Fr. THE DELICATE AMANITA. Pots-
ONOUS.

“Mappa means a napkin; so-called from the volva

“The pileus is two to three inches broad, convex, then ex-
panded, plane, obtuse or depressed, without separable cuticle;
margin nearly even; white or yellowish, usually with patches of
the volva, dry.

“The gills are adnexed, close, narrow, shining, white.

the stem is two to three inches long, stuffed, then hollow,
cylindrical, nearly smooth, bulbous, nearly globose at the base,
white, almost equal above the bulb.

“The volva with its free margin is acute and narrow. The
ring 1s membranaceous, superior, soft, lax, ragged.

“Its color is quite as variable and its habits are much like
A, phalloides, oe! which it can only be distinguished by its less
developed volva which, instead of being cup-shaped, is little
more than a mere rim fringing the bulb. The odor at times is
very strong. It is found in open woods and under brush. Label
it poisonous.”

Those interested to know more about this publication, M/ush-
rooms Edible and Otherwise, and to place orders at once, are
referred to the author (Supt. M. E. Hard, Chillicothe, O.), but
it may be added that it will be very comprehensive, describing
and figuring practically all the mushrooms any one can find in
this country; also explaining the structure of the plants, the de-
scriptive terms used, classification; giving keys and directions
for study, a glossary, recipes for cooking, and a chapter on Cul-
ture of Mushrooms.

The figures we use in this number of the BULLETIN, taken
from the book now in press, are as follows:

Fig. 277. AMANITA MAPPA. ‘Poisonous. Natural: size.
See description quoted above.

January, 1908] Mycological Bulletin No. 85 5

Fig. 278. CoLLyBIA CONFLUENS. Edible. Natural size.
Growing among leaves in the woods after warm rains, in tufts,
sometimes in rows or lines. The cap is an inch to an inch and
a quarter broad, reddish brown; stems two to three inches long,
hollow, pale red, sprinkled with a mealy pubescence.

Fig. 279. CLAVARIA SPINULOSA. Edible. Color somewhat
cinnamon brown throughout. In mixed woods, after frequent
rains in August to October.

Fig. 280. TRICHOLOMA MACULATESCENS. The spotted Tri-
choloma, so-called because the cap in drying becomes more or
less spotted. The cap is one ane a half to three inches broad,
reddish-brown. Does not seem to be very common.

Fig. 281. CANTHARELLUS FLOccosus. The Woolly Can-
tharellus. Edible. The cut from a photograph by C. G. Lloyd.
It is elongated, funnel-shaped or trumpet-shaped, ochraceous yel-
low, one to two inches broad at the top, and never more than
four inches high.

= Yi ‘

Fig. 277. Am-AN-I'-TA MAp’-pA, From Hard’s new book on Mush-
rooms,

[Vol. VI

Mycological Bulletin No, 85

‘SUOOIYSHY UO Yooq Mau s.piVpY WO “SNA-AI-NOD V-I-MAI-IOQ ‘S1g “SLY

January, 1908]

Mycological Bulletin No. 85 "

Fig. 279. Cia-va’-RI-A SPIN-U-LO-SA. From Hard’s new book on
Mushrooms,

Fig. 280. TRI-CHO-LO’-MA MAC-U-LA-TES’-CENS. From Hard’s new
book on Mushrooms.

s Mycological Bulletin No, 85 {[Vol. VI

The Mycological Bulletin is issued Monthly, Price 25c. Copies of Vol. Il

(1904), Vol. III (1905), Vol. IV (1906) and Vol. V (1907) may be had for

Vol. I (1902). Address W. Kellerman, Columbus, Ohio.

From Hard’s new bookon Mushrooms.

CAN-THA-REL’-LUS FLOC-CO'-SUS.

281.

Fig.

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PURE CULTURE SPAWN

Success is assured for every brick is inoculated direct from test
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This is not true of any other spawn. Get Pure Culture Spawn.

Write for our free book, No. 4, it tells all about mushroom grow-

ing.

PURE CULTURE SPAWN CO.

Pacific, Mo. and Cincinnati, O.

Address all correspondence to PACIFIC

LAMBERT’S PURE CULTURE

Mushroom

Spawn

Produced by the new grafting
process from. selected and
prolific specimens, thoroughly
acclimatized, has never fatled
to run.

This spawn is made from —
cuitures taken by the selective
method, recently discovered,
from choice specimens of the
best varieties of mushrooms
known to be thoroughly aecli-
matized, and «selected with
special reference to their size,
flavor, vigor and _ prolificness.
The elements of uncertainty
surrounding th old chance
method of producing wild
spawn (English and French),
is therefore eliminated, and a
uniform crop of the best mar-
ketable variety is thus assured
to the exclusion of all other and inferior fungi.

The importance of this discovery will be realized from the mere
statement that, for the first time in the history of mushroom culture,
can spawn be offered of a specific variety of mushrooms.

Of the varieties already developed, we are offering pure cultu-e
spawn of the Agaricus Campestris (white, cream or brown), 4. Arvensis
(cream), and A. Villaticus (cream).

FOR SALE BY ALL LEADING SEEDSMEN,

Practical Instructions on “MUSHROOM CULTURE”
mailed free on application.

American Spawn Company,

ST. PAUL, MINN.

When answering advertisement mention Mycological Bulletin.

Rat AES | FEBRUARY, 1908

MYCOLOGICAL BULLETIN

W. A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

THE POLAND PRESS, COLUMBUS, OHIO

Entered as Second Class Matter May 11, 1906, at Post Office, Columbus, Ohio

You Can Use Engravings

in your pusiness, just the same as other men use them. Time was
when engravings were really too expensive for common use, but they

are chéap NOW >> = oa

SHSSTSGEIGOEHS Portraits, Buildings

BUCHER Machinery, Live Stock
ENGRAVING Advertising Cuts

COMPANY Stationery Headings
Cover Pages, Etc.

COLUMBUS,
OHIO

We have a beautiful specimen book
which shows the quality of our work, and

LESSIBIIBBBSIS we send it free on request
WRITE US ABOUT ANY KIND OF ENGRAVED DESIGN FOR ANY PURPOSE

We make the engravings for this Publication

Standard Botanical Text Books

Anprews’s (E. F.) Botany All the Year Round................... $1 00
The same. With Brief Flora of the Eastern United States..... 1 50
Apcar’s (A. C.) Trees of the Northern United States.............. 1 00
APGAR’s: (CE. Aw 8A.) (New! Plant) Analysis is. ua i aatneete ae 55
CHAPMAN’S Flora of the Southern United States Third Edition.... 4 00
Coutter’s Manual of the Botany of the Rocky Mountains.......... 1 62
GrAy’s | Tessons, “in (Botany Seen ee May eiciee wionee atalonthcte okt ave diataey Sie 94
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Vol. IL, Physiological ‘Botany (Goodale). oi. 6/544 52)! sion meee ened 2 00
Gray & Coutter’s Text-Book of Western Botany.............0000- 2 16
LEAvitr’'s' Outlines (Of BOPATLY Fei sisi tia) peaks Aso Veateielarnio ate ie sw aan 1 00
The same. With Gray’s Field, Forest and Garden Flora ...... 1 80
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Woon’s (Alphonso) Object Lessons in Botany.......+0-.+++++0teeess 1 00
Lessons .in. Botany inves Pcie sikh be ened meolases ee weelel share: Noe: ee et terete ian aaa icra 90

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AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY, Cincinnati

When answering advertisement mention Mycological Bulletin.

) d E di ti of the book which is “without doubt the most important and
nN I 10n valuable work of its kind.”— Plant World.

MUSHROOMS |

BY PROF. GEORGE ERANCIS ATKINSON

OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY

Edible, Poisonous Mushrooms, Etc. With recipes for cooking by
Mrs. S. T. Rorer, and the chemistry and toxicology of Mushrooms,
by J. F. Clark. With 230 illustrations from photographs, including fif-
teen colored piates by F. R. Rathbun, 320 p. 8vo, $3.00 net (by mail
$3.23.)

Among the additions in this second editon of Prof. Atkinson’s re-
markable book are ten new plates, chapters on “The Uses of Mush-
rooms” and on “The Cultivation of Mushrooms” illustrated by several
flashlight photographs,

. THE NATION said of the first edition, “If Prof. Atkinson would
fill in the gaps, and 20 or 30 plates and issue a second edition . . . he
would win the gratitude of every amateur and profesional mycologist
in the country. (This second editon is the one now issued.)

Prospectus of New American Nature Series Free on Application

Half-tone Portraits of the following eminent Mycologists:
Peck, Ellis, Arthur, Burrill, Farlow, Tracy, Earle, At-
kinson, Holway, Thaxter, Clinton, Magnus, Oudemans,
Patouillard, Hennings, Rehm, Cooke, Saccardo, Dietel,

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, is pia © les 0,67 i ne LA rane 50 cts.

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FEB 19 1908

Mycological Bulletin

No. 86

W. A. Kellerman, Ph, D., Ohio State University

Columbus, February, 1908

BUT A WORD BY THE EDITOR

We can not eat moulds, but we can study them. Supt.
Sumstine gives us another lesson—this time dealing with some
rare species. [lis outline drawings give faithfully their appear-
ance under the microscope.

The illustration of the Puff-balls will be enjoyed by all.
Mr. Smith has promised many specimens of his handiwork, and
when we have good photographs we can get good half-tones.
We are indebted to him also for some account of the pear-shaped
Lycoperdon.

MORE MOULDS

DAVID R. SUMSTINE.

About 200 species of Moulds have been described. After
deducting the probable synonyms and excluded species, there
remain about 130 good species. Of this number only twelve or
possibly fifteen species have been reported for America. This is
a very small number for our country compared with the whole
number of known species.

The European mycologists have carefully studied the life
history of many European species, but the American forms have
received very little attention.

In my critical study of the family MWucoraceae, two interest-
ing species were recently found. These species, however, do not
belong to the family Mucoraceae. The spores are not enclosed
in a sporangium as in the common black mould, but are borne
singly or in chains on enlarged cells.

LIBRAF
NEW YO
BOTANIC

GARDE:

10 Mycological Bulletin No. 86 [Vol. VI

PIPTOCEPHALUS REPENS Van Tieghem. This species can be
easily recognized by the dichotomously branched conidiophores
and the chains of conidia on the ultimate branches. The general
appearance reminds one of Sporodinia aspergillus. So far as I
know, this is the first time that it has been reported for America.

CHAETOCLADIUM BREFELDII Van Tieghem et Le Monnier.
This is supposed to be parasitic on other moulds. It is known by
its verticillately branched sporangiophores ending in a long ster- °
ile tip. The spores are borne singly on swollen parts of the
branches.

ig. 282. Pip-ro-ceEpH’-A-LUS RE’-PENS. See article on Moulds.

February, 1908] Mycological Bulletin No. 86 11

Both moulds were found on the dung of the camel, growing
with other moulds. The greatly enlarged drawings will give an
idea of the general appearance of these two species.

Specimens of moulds from the readers of the MycoLocicar
3ULLETIN would be appreciated.

Wilkinsburg, Pa.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

Fig. 282. a—Sporangiophore of Piptocephalis repens; b—Spores of
same.

Fig. 283. a
b—Spore of same.

Branch of sporangiophore of Chaetocladium brefeldii;

Fig. 283. CHAE-TO-CLA’-DIUM BRE-FEL’-pI-I. See article on Moulds.

NOTES FROM MUSHROOM LITERATURE, X
W. A. KELLERMAN.

The botanical journals are crowded with literature directly
or indirectly interesting to those who pay attention to mushrooms.
Many new species are being found; the old ones are being
studied. Then, again, the list of edible species is being extended,
and along this line the readers are sure to be interested. But
too many accidents are occurring—cases of poisoning that would
not occur if persons would avail themselves of information that
may be found in any of the mushroom books.

12 Mycological Bulletin No, 86 [Vol. VI

It may be advisable in this connection to reproduce an
account of poisoning by eating Amanitas, which Mr. O. E. Jen-
nings published in the September Number of the Journal of My-
cology. It is as follows:

“A CASE OF POISONING BY AMANITA PHALLOmES.—The
writer’s attention was recently called by Judge J. D. Shafer, of
Pittsburg, to a newspaper account of a fatal case of mushroom
poisoning at the little village of Deep Valley, in the extreme
southwestern ae oh Pennsylvania, and, acting upon Judge
Shafer’s urgent suggestion, the case was immediately inves-
tigated.

“It was found that the village physician, Dr. Philip Dins-
more, together with three other members of the family and Mr.
Frank Roberts, the man-of-all-work, had eaten with the evening
meal, between six and seven o'clock, Sunday, August 4, a mess
of mushrooms gathered that afternoon by Mr. Roberts. There
had been about a quart of the mushrooms and they had been
prepared by frying in flour and butter. All ate of the mushrooms
excepting one little girl.

“Between one and two o’clock the next morning all who had
eaten of the mushrooms were taken violently sick, vomiting ex-

cessively and having an extreme diarrhoea. These symptoms
continuing during Monday, Dr. H. C. Rice, of Freeport, Pa., was
summoned and a treatment begun consisting of the sub-cutaneous
injection of atropine and as far as possible the administration of
narcotics and oleaginous purgatives.

“The vomiting and diarrhoea continued for about three days,
other symptoms being sub-normal temperature, more or less de-
lirium, and in the case of Dr. Dinsmore, severe muscular cramps
of the limbs and extremities, and, evidently, of the muscular walls
of the abdomen also, the patient dying early Thursday morning.

“At the time of the writer’s visit (Saturday, August 10),
Mr. Roberts had so far recovered as to be about, but the other
three patients were still confined to their beds. The vomiting
and diarrhoea had ceased, but there was considerable enlargement
of the liver with distention of the gall-bladder and the patients
were becoming jaundiced.

“Saturday morning Mr. Roberts escorted the writer to a lit-
tle patch of about two acres of woods, lying at the base of the
hillside along the creek, where the mushrooms had been gathered
for the fatal meal. Two species were abundant, Cantharellus
and the white form of Amanita phalloides Fr., and the latter
species was indicated as the one composing the greater part of
the mess taken. Other species indicated as having been also
selected were Amanitopsis vaginata (Bull.) Roz., and Russula
emetica I'r.—a very few. The only test.applied in selecting the
fungi had apparently been the pleasing appearance and the ten-

February, 1908] Mycological Bulletin No. 86 13

derness of the mushroom. Robert’s identification of Amanita
as composing the greater part of those eaten was independently
verified by one of the patients, Dr. Dinsmore’s sister, who had
prepared the fungi for eating.

Fig. 284. Po-Ly’-po-RUS FRAX-I-NopH’-I-LUS, Ash-loving Polypore.
A common woody fungus found on Ash trees. It attacks the trunks at
wounds, or at exposed places where decay has begun. Specimens fur-
nishing the photographs were collected near Chillicothe, Ohio.

14 Mycological Bulletin No. 86 [Vol. VI

“From the evidence obtained it is quite clear that the poison-
ing was due to the deadly Amanita, and it will be noticed that
the symptoms exhibited were in close agreement with those
ascribed to phallin poisoning by Chestnut, although Dr. Rice
characterized the intestinal discharges as “serous” and not as-
suming the “‘rice-water” condition, and neither extreme saliva-

tion nor decided suppression of the urine was noticed.

“In connection with the supposed action of phallin in decom-
posing the blood corpuscles and in bringing about the escape of
the blood serum from the system by way of the alimentary canal,
it may be mentioned as a partial confirmation that the undertaker
experienced considerable trouble in preparing the corpse for
burial,—less than half the usual amount of blood could be ex-
tracted,—thus indicating a depletion of blood supply before death.
occurred.’—O. E. Jennings, in Journal of Mycology. *

FHE PEAR-FORM PUFF-BALL
G. D. SMITH, AKRON, OHIO.

The pear-form puff-ball belongs to the genus Lycoperdon,
which may be characterized by having a flaccid peridium which
opens into a small, definite mouth at the top.

It has a capillittum of long-branched and intertwining
threads. The spores are usually globose. They may or may not
have a sterile base.

The cortex is sometimes smooth, but is usually covered with
scales or spines. None of this genus are very large. The pear-
form puff-ball—Lycoperdon pyriforme—is sometimes shaped like
a pear, but more often it is globose, or where several are crowded
together, it is flat, contorted, and quite irregular.

It grows on logs, stumps and even on the ground. Quite
frequently it occurs in large clusters, or we may occasionally
see it covering almost the entire surface of a decaying log. ut
have seen more than a bushel on one log.

The surface, when young, is nearly white, but soon becomes
covered with brownish scales. It is supplied with an abundance
of white mycelial threads that usually stick to it when pulled
from the log on which it grows.

It is most abundant in the months of September and October,
but I have found it in July and August. The October crop is
usually the best for eating, as it does not begin to decay as
quickly as in warm weather. It compares favor ably in flavor
with the other lycoperdons and, in its prime, it cer tainly ranks
close to the gem puff-ball in beauty.

February, 1908] Mycological Bulletin No. 86 15

Fig. 285. Ly-co-per’-poN py-RI-For’-ME. Photo. G. D. Smith.

16 _ Mycological Bulletin No, 86 [Vol. V

Fig. 286. Bo-Le’-ruS CHRY-SEN’-TER-ON. ‘This is a common Boletus,
having the flesh yellow, or golden within, as the name indicates. The
tubes change to blue where wounded. Grows in woods and along
mossy banks. MclIlvaine says he has eaten plentiflly of this species,
and thatthe flesh is sweet, delicate and toothsome. Photo, G. D. Smith.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued Monthly, Price 25e. Copies of Vol. II
(1904), Vol. III (1905), Vol. IV2(1906) and Vol. V (1907) may be had for
5 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies remain of
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Mycological Bulletin
No. 87

IW. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Ohio State Uniwersity

Colhunbus, March, 1908

BY WAY OF EXPLANATION

We are indebted again to Mr. G. D. Smith for an account
and a picture of a very interesting thing. When you first find it
in some shady place you will be puzzled to know whether it 1s
phalloid, a puff-ball, or “egg’’ of something else, but it will prove
to be a Phallogaster.

lor the mushroom literature to report in this number we
have decided to select Professor Beardslee’s interesting comments
on the Lepiotas of Sweden as compared with related forms in
America, an article that was published last year in the Journal of
Mycology. The mushrooms for the most part are cosmopolitan
and studies of material in Europe is therefore apropos,—espe-
cially interesting if in the classic ground where Fries, the first
great mycologist, collected and studied the species.

The note from the Youth’s Companion pes a mycolog-
ical bureau, will be read with interest.

PHALLOGAS TER: SACCATUS
G. D. SMITH, AKRON, OHIO.

This plant is rare in the United States. When young it
somewhat resembles a tuber or a pear.

When I first met it, I took it at once to be a Phalloid, and its
general appearance suggested to me the name of “Phallus tube-
rosa, but upon investigation, I found it had previously been given
its present name, as printed above.

There has been some doubt about Phallogaster saccatus
being a phalloid, but a close examination will show the same
greenish gleba which, upon decay, gives forth an odor that can
not be surpassed by any of the phalloids.

It also has the same spores and the same _ basidia and
deliquesces in the same way. The center is white and somewhat
translucent.

When it ripens, this whole central mass deliquesces and dis-
appears, while the gleba also deliquesces, but clings to the inner

LIBRARY
NEW YORK
BOTANICAL

GARDEN.

IS Mycological Bulletin No. 87 [Vol. VI

walls of the peridium, which soon breaks, giving the insects a
chance to scatter the spores. This seems to be done largely by
flies and the rove beetle.

The plants vary somewhat in size, from three-fourths inches
to two inches in length, and from one-half to one inch in width.
The color is light pink, purple or a little lavender in some places.

I have found them in only one locality, and that was in a
rich, shady nook near the Cuyahoga river. They grew on the
ground or on very much decayed wood, with an abundance of
white mycelial threads attached to their base. Twenty or thirty
grew close together, but not touching each other.

NOTES FROM MUSHROOM LITERATURE ar
W. A. KELLERMANN.

Careful study of species we know, or pretend to know, is
urgently called for today. [rom the current literature pertain-
ing to mushrooms we have selected the valuable comments on
Lepiotas. by Professor Beardslee, which he studied in Sweden
and recorded in a recent number of the Journal of Mycology.
The article is here reported in full:

“THe LEproraAs OF SWEDEN.—The gE pes: on the
species of Lepiota collected in Sweden by Mr. C Lloyd and
the writer during the summer of 1905 may be A ae in con-
nection with the papers upon this genus which are appearing in
the Journal.

‘The number of species collected was not large, probably
partly at least because work was necessarily stopped the first
week of September. Doubtless other species might have been
found in the same collecting grounds if work had continued a
few weeks longer. The species detected were six in number,
LL. procera, naucina, rhacodes, cristata, metulaespora, and amian-
thina. Of Lepiota procera little need be said. It was found in
the same surroundings in which it would have appeared in the
; Tnited States and agreed with our plant in every detail. There

however, food for reflection in the fact that this fine species
ahi lends itself so well to description and illustration that it is
easily recognizable, even by the amateur, has been reported from
so many stations and is known to have so wide a distribution.
Is it not at least possible that some of its relatives are also widely
distributed, but owing to the greater difficulty of their recogni-
tion, are not so widely recognized? It is hard for one whose
views on ‘new species’ are perhaps a little ‘cranky’ to account

March, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No, 87 19

otherwise for the facts, for instance, in regard to L. seminuda.
This pretty species is abundant at Asheville, perhaps the most
abundant species of Lepiota. Specimens and photographs have
been seen by Bresadola, who has verified the determination, and

ee article by G. D. Smith.

,

TER SAC-CA -TUS.

LO-GAS

PHAL

Fig 28

20 Mycological Bulletin No. 87 [Vol. VI

pronounced it correct in every detail. Still this species, so far as
I know, is reported by only one collector, Prof. Morgan finding
it at Preston. I greatly suspect that several of our new species
will be found, on further investigation to be referable to this
abundant and variable species.

“Lepiota rhacodes is a beautiful and striking species. As we
found it it is large and robust, with a rounded almost hemispheri-
cal pileus, w hose flesh is remarkably thick and firm, and which
is covered with large, strongly revolute scales, which render it
very striking. It is at once recognized by the student of the group
at first sight. The flesh and eills redden when bruised as in L.
Americana, but the red color is not as bright and the change is
slower. This species is doubtless rare in the United States. I
have never seen anything even approaching it, though it has
been found in New England. Cooke’s figure is not good, but
it will easily be recognized when found from the description.

“Lepiota naucina was found only once, but then in some
abundance in the parks at Stockholm. It is of course in outward
appearance like our own L. naucinoides. The main point of inter-
est was the form of the spores, as Fries stated that the spores of
his species were round, which has led to the separation of our
species, in which the spores are elliptical and apiculate. Upon
examination, the spores were found to be identical with those of
the American plant, and there can be no question that L. naucina
as it is at present known to European mycologists, is identical
with L. naucinoides. It seems hardly probable that the tradi-
tional plant has been incorrectly determined. It is much easier
to believe that the form of the spores was originally given incor-
rectly. The species is plentiful in Sweden, and is, so far as 1
could learn, universally recognized as Fries’ species.

“LL. cristata and L. amianthina need no comment. They were
in agreement with the plants known by the same names with us.

“The last species to appear at Drottningholm was an old
friend, which is abundant at Asheville, and quite generally dis-
tributed in the United States. It belongs to a group whose status
is at present unsatisfactory, the Clypeolariae. Our species need
further examination and comparison with well authenticated spec-
imens of the European species before we shall be certain of their
identity. The species found is known in Europe as L. metulae-
spora. [ries considered it the same as Bulliard’s species, L. cly-
peolaria, and so published it. Bulliard’s plant is, however, dif-
ferent. It occurs in Sweden, but is not as common, and in spite
of careful search I failed to find it. It is said to have a darker
umbo and shorter spores than the true L. metulaespora. The
plants we found were well marked by their soft appressed tomen-
tose pileus, flocculose veil, and long spores. These were 15-20-

i

37

‘ological Bulletin No.

Myc

7]

March, 190

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Mycological Bulletin No, 87 [Vol. VE

i

x 5-6 mic., and were spindle-shaped. The Asheville specimens
have slightly shorter spores, but agree in all other details with
the Swedish plants. At Asheviile there are three species of
Lepiota belonging to this group, L. metulaespora, floralis and a
third species upon which I am unwilling at present to express an
opinion. Possibly it may prove to be the true L. clypeolaria,
though it seems at present doubtful. Lepiota floralis occurs
rarely in open, sandy ground, and seems to correspond well with
Ravenel’s plant, which was found in his garden, from which he
distributed at least three other new species, L. oligosarcus, ful-
vaster, and psilopus. These are all small species, and from the
specimens examined can not be well understood. I have exam-
ined two of Ravenel’s specimens of L. floralis, one in very good
preservation at Washington, the other in the herbarium at Bilt-
more. The spores in the latter were examined and were rather
larger than the measurements given by Morgan, being 11-13x-
4-5 mic. and spindle-shaped. It is worth suggesting that this
species needs further investigation before its status can be con-
sidered satisfactory. The cenditions eee which it is found
suggest very strongly that it is only a depauperate form of L.
metulaespora . An almost unbroken series of forms can be found
in this region connecting the two species, and the points of dif-
ference are such as may well be explained by the fact that one
form is found in sheltered places in woods and the other in sterile,
sandy soil, in open places.’—H. C. Beardslee, in the Journal of
Mycology.

We give also a clipping from the Youth’s Companion of
November 14, 1907:

“MusHrooms.—A singular and very interestinz and useful
institution has been established in the little city of Tarare, near
Lyons, France. It is a mycological bureau, where expert judg-
ment is furnished concerning mushrooms brought to it for exami-
nation. The country round Tarare abounds with mushrooms,
many of which are poisonous. Since the establishment of the
bureau nobody buys mushrooms which do not carry its ticket of
identification and guarantee, and all the country people from
miles around brine their mushrooms for examination. One sur-
prising result has been the discovery of scores of excellent edible
mushrooms, which before nobody dared to touch.”—The Youth's
Companicn.

March, 1907] Mycological Bulletin No. 87 23

Fig. 289. Bo-Le’-rus Fros’-1I-1. A very striking Boletus by reason
of its red color (but this fades more or less with age and drying) and
reticulated stem. It was first found by Frost in Vermont, but is widely
distributed yet apparently not common. Do not eat this species—at least
it must first be carefully tested. Specimens from Sugar Grove, Ohio.

24 Mycological Bulletin No. 87 [Vol. VI

pos CN

Fig. 290. PAN-AE’-0-LUS CAM-PAN-U-LA’-TUS. A very attractive
species, common in rich soil and on horse dung. It is four to six inches
high and the cap an inch wide. It is of a brownish color, but with a gray
or lead-color tint. McIlvaine advises caution in case it is looked upon
with gastronomic intent.

The Mycological Bulletin is issued Monthly, Price 25e. Copies of Vol. II
(1904), Vol. III (1905), Vol. IV (1906) and Vol. V (1907) may be had for
50 cents each, or cloth bound copies for 75 cents. No copies remain of
Vol. IT (1902). Address W. A. Kellerman, Columbus, Ohio.

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