■m

'M;. >^^?

FOR THE PEOPLE

FOR EDVCATION

FOR SCIENCE

LIBRARY

OF

THE AMERICAN MUSEUM

OF

NATURAL HISTORY

THE OOLOGIST,

^

rOR TMK

STUDENT or BIRDS.

TMEIR NESTS y^ND EGGS.

VOLUME XI

ALBION, N. Y.
FRANK H. LATTIN, PUBLISHER,
1894.

I i-fO-i-

A. M. EDDY,

PRINTER AND BINDER,

ALBION, N. Y.

1894.

INDEX TO VOL. XI.

Accident, A Curious 266

Accidental Death of Birds 9j, 15S

Advice. A Littie 216

Albinistic Eggs 98

Albino eggs of the Grasshopper Sparrow 313

Alewife 173

American Ornithologist's Union 370

Anhinga 14

Aquarium, Collecting for an 244

Arizona, Dove Life in 339, 243

Audubons's Biography, Notes From

201,231,261,281,308, 3^5, 362

Bagg, Egbert 243

Baldhate 94

Barbarism of Fashion, The 367

Baylis, A. W 367

Bird, Bridge 385

" Cherry 30b

" Ground 305

" Lazy 305

Bird Life, The Study of 325

" Moss 285

" Potato 305

" Skins, Values of 217, 219

Bird Slaughter, Protest Against 361

Bird, Yellow 305

Birds From Six Eggs, Seven 368

Birds, Observations on 313

Birds of North America, A List of 219

Bishop, Dr. L. B 98

Bittern, American 142, 181, 359

Bittern, Least 183

Blackbird, Crow 305

Blackbird, Red-winged

11,52, 5.3, 142, 181,234,388.301,3*4

Blackbird, Yellow-headed 142, 181, 182

Black-breast 96

Blackhead, Bay 95

Blackhead, Creek, 95

Blackhead Little 95

Bluebird 53,234,288,334

Boat, An Inexpensive 177

Bobolink 139, 142

Bob-white 93, 1.37

Bob-white, Florida 11

Bob-white, Some Experience with the

Young of the Ruffed Grouse and 3.59

Brant 96

Brill, Wm. B 243

Broadwings of '92 and '93, My 169

Bubos at Home, A Pair of 179

Buffelhead 95

Bunting, Black-throated 142, 288

Bunting, Snow 51

Butterball 95

Calanders ^s

Canary, A Prolific 368

Canary, Wild 940, 305

Canvas-back 95, £53

Cardinal ,53. 334, 327,334

Catbird 53, 14.', 333, 35,5, 301, 327, 334

Chat. Yellow-bi-easted 336, 327

Chautauqua 267

Chewink 325-

Chickadee 53

Chickadee. Black-capped .51, 307, 327, 334

Chickens, Cary 329

Chickens, Prairie 142, 208^

Chip Bird, Winter 208

Chippy 305

Coale, Henry K 217

Cock, Chapparal 265

Collecting Live Birds 93

Collecting, viz :— Oological 327,.337

Collections, Washington School 370-

Conglomeration 287

Coot 95^

Coot, American 96, 142, 182

Coots, Sea 95-

Cormorant, Baird's 255

Cormorant, Double-crested 282

Cowbird 53,53,215, 336, 255, 278-

Crane, Great White 263

Crane, Island 282

Crane, Nesting of the Whooping.. .J 263

Crane, Sandhill 263,3,57

Cranes • 142:

Crank, A 212

Creeper, Brown 53

Crow, American

..51. 93, 141, 142, 147, 207, 2.S8, 333, 356, 304, 310

Crow, Nidification of The Fish 310

Crow, Rain 26.

Crows, The Language of, and Other Notes.. 341

Cuckoo, Black-billed 53, 301

Cuckoo. Yellow-billed 53, 233, 301 , 33

Cudllp, Howard 49

Curlew, Eskimo 137

Curlew, Long-billed 137

Curlew,Sickle-billed 137

Data and Field Books, Hints About 13

Davie's "Methods in The Art of Taxider-
my" 366

Delany, James 267

Dipper '. 9.5^

Dissolution of F. H. Lattin & Co 2(57

Dodge, Harold H 343

Domestication of the Ruffed Srouse and

Bobwhite 359

Dove, Inca 329-

THE OOLOGIST.

Dove Life in Arizona 229, 343

Dove, Moiirning 50, 139, 143, 229, S34, 288, 334

Dove, White-VFinged 230

Dowitcher 97

Duck, Acorn 95

Duck, American Scaup 95

Duck, Black 52,94

Duck, Crow-billed 96

Duck, Dusky •. 94

Duck, Gray 94

Duck, Lesser Scaup. 95

Duck, Long tailed 95

Duck, Raft 95

Duck, Ruddy 95, 183

Duck, Summer 95

Duck, Ti-ee 95

Duck, Wood 95

Eagle, Golden 243

Eagle in Indiana, The Golden 184

Eagles in Missouri, Bald 55

Eagles in Southeast Michigan, Reappear-
ance of Bald 314

Early Find, An 184

Eggs, Shapss of 380

Exposition, Sportsmen's 370

Field Books, Hints About Data and 139

Field Notes. A Few 333

Finch, Grass 337

Fire-Bird 355

Fire Hang 305

Fish, A New Species of 56

Flicker 53, 94, 146,840, 334

Flicker, Another Prolific 55

Flicker, Red-shafted 49, 288

Flickers, Watching 47

Florida, A Collecting Trip in .11

Flycatcher, TLeast 301

Flycatcher, Pewee 385,306

Flycatcher, Pewit 385

Flycatcher, Traill's 306

Ford, Walter J 368

Fox vs. Crows 233, 256

Frauds Again .' 49

Gadwall 94, 183, 358

God wit, Marbled 97, 3.59

Golden-eye, American 95, 359

Goldfinch, American 53, 344, 337, 334

Goldfinch, Arizona 183

Goldfinch, European 53

Goldfinch, Some Notes on the Habits of

the Arkansas 240

Goose, American White-fronted 96, 3.58

Goose, Canada 96. 142, 243, 358

Goose, Lesser Snow 95, 358

Crackle, A White, 48

Grackle, Bronzed , 142, 234

Grackle, Purple 52,53,303, 334

Gray-back 97

Grosbeak, [Evening 84

Grosbeak, Rosebrested 255, 326, 327, 357

Grouse and Bob-white, Some Experience

with the Young of the Ruffed 359

Grouse, Columbian Sharp-tailed 182

Grouse, Pinnated 138

Grouse, Ruffed 137, 138, 308

Guelf, George P 367

Guillemot, Black 331

Gull, American Herring 53

Gull, Franklin's 183, 357

Gull, Nesting of the Western 253

Gull, Ring-billed 141, 143, 182, 183, 358

Gull, Slough 141

Gull, Western Herring 253

Hawk, Black 93

Hawk, Broad-winged 53 , 169

Hawk, Cooper's 53, 169

Hawk, Hen 305

Hawk, Marsh 50, 148

Hawk, Red-shouldered 53, 53

Hawk, Red-tailed 10, 51, 182, 206, 333

Hawk, Rough-legged 837

Hawk, SpaiTOW 334

Hawk, Swainson's 183

Hawks, A day with the Cooper's 304

Hell Divers 95

Herbarium and Plant Record 218

Heron, Black-crowned Night 11, 53, 183

Heron, Great Blue 52,382

Heron, Green 11,52.53,233

Heron Lake, Water Birds of 357

Heron, Little Blue 11

Hummingbird, Anna's 184

Hummingbird, Ruby-throated - 53

Hummingbird's Nest, A Beautiful 280

Indiana, The Golden Eagle in 184

Iowa, A Collecting Trip In Northern 141

Iowa, Vireonidae in 214

Jay, Blue 51,53, 141, 142,203,208,334,327,334

Jingler 95

Junco, Slate-colored 50, 333, 334

June '94. The First Day of 254

Killdeer 138, 334

Killdeer , Nesting Habits of the 257

Kildeer's Nest, An Elevated 186

Kingbird .53, 142, 234, 304, 327, 334

Kingfisher, Belted 53,303,327

Kinglet, Ruby-crowned 53

Kite, White-tailed 243

Knot 96

Lark, Meadow 142

Lark Prairie Horned 50

Lattin & Co., Dissolution of F. 11 267

Lawrence, George Newbold 43

Lawrence, George Newbold (half tone) 42

Letter From John B. Hindtime 45

Loon 359,364

Loon, Black 283

Longspur, Chestnut-collared 182

Mallard 94, 14-2, 1S3, 807, 853, 358

Mallard, Marsh 94

Marsh-hen. Freshwater 96

Marsh-hen, Saltwater 96

Martin, Bee 834

Martin Purple 98, 143 183

Mathes, Kirk B 367, 370

THE OOLOGIST.

The Young Oologist and The Oologist,

Comj)rising together the most jiopular magazine, devoted to Birds,
their Nests and Eggs, ever pub tisfied.

Appreciating their value, the publisher has reserved a limited quantity of each
issue to supplj" future demands. They have now, all told,

LESS THAN FIFTY COPIES OF EACH ISSUE-

Collectors will readily see the advisability of Completing their Files or obtaining a

Comx)lete Set at once!

Back numbers will soon be exceedingly rare ana valuable and possibly not cbtainable at any price.

COlSTTEIISrTS.

The following table of contents enumerates some of tbe principal articles In each issue. The
••short articles" mentioned are one column or less in length and are all ot great value to the student.

Not mentioned in the list of contents, e.icU Issue contains one or two pages of 'items'' or "brief
notes." one column to tour pages of exchange notices, and from three to eight pages of advertise-
ments, besides a "query column" which occurs in many, although not all. issues.

^THE YOUNG OOLOGIST.

VOLUME L Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 13 each con-
tain 16 pages. Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 each contain-

ao pages. No. 11 contains 36 pages.

No. 1,— Instructions for Collecting Birds' Eggs,
(3 pages; : Coues' Key; Twenty-four short ar-
ticles, ilay 1884.

No. 2.— instructions for Collecting Birds' Eggs,
concluded, (3 pages) ; Painted Buntings ; Cala.
Mottled Owl ; List of Birds Found at Mon-
treal ; 84 short articles. June, '84.

No. 3.— Maine Items ; Yellow-headed Blackbird ;
Orchard Oriole ; The Slip System; Wilson's
Thrush; Hand-book of Agassiz Association;
S3 short articles. July, '84.

No. 4.— Screech Owl; Importance of Identifica-
tion; A La. Heronry; Cardinal Crosbeak;
Eagle's Nest; How to Make and Use Bird
Lime; 14 short articles. Ax\g., '84.

No. 5.— Bird-nesting— To Collect Scientifically,
(3 pages) ; Cala. Birds; From Wyoming; 33
short articles. Sept., '84.

No. 6.— Bobolink, (3^4 pages) ; Sea Bu-ds of
Maine ; Egging in Cala. Swamp; Old "Put"
and the Bu-d's Nest; List of Wisconsin Bii'ds;
13 short articles. Oct., '84.

No. 7.— Bronzed Grakle; Singular Duel; Fish
Hawk ; Spurred Towliee and Least Tit; Old
"Put" and the Bird's Nest; Bird Island; 14
short articles. Nov., '84.

No. 8.— The Alligator; Collecting in Marshes;
Woodcock; "Our Birds in Theii- Haunts;"
Iowa Notes; Redstart; Stmimer Redbird: 18
short articles. Dec, '84.

Ko. 9.— Baltimore Oriole ; Texas Jottings ; Sap-
suckers ; Barn Owl ; American Oi'nithologists'
Union, (3 pages) ; How to Handle a Gun;
Black-capped Titmouse ; Egg of the Moa. Jan.

No. 10.— Winter Wren; Cala. Duck Himting;
Screech 0\\\\Davie's Egg Check List; Pea-

' ,x;ockwith Queer Tastes; White-bellied Nut-
'Thatch; Blue Jays; Spotted Robin Eggs; 8
short articles. Feb., '85.
flo. 11.— Bank Swallow; English Sparrows;
Study of Birds; Gt. Horned Owl; YeUow-
billed Cuckoo; Gambel's QuaU; Conn. Notes;
Intelligence of the Oriole; Yellow-breast
Chat; Maryland Yellow-throat; White-
Rumped Shrike ; List of Pacific Coast Birds ;
Knights of Audubon ; Sample Data Blanks,
(4 pages) ; 33 short articles. March, '85.
No. VJ.— Completes Vol. I. Title pagea for
binding, with complete and exhaustive index,
(8 pages.) A.pm, '85.

VOLUME II. consists of but two numbers.
Each contains 33 pages.

No. 13.— Bartram's Gardens; South Carolina
Observations, (6 pages); Scientific Names:
Gt. Horned Owl ; Bank Swallows ; Knights of
Audubon ; Hummingbird ; R. I. Notes ; Texas
Jottings ; 30 short articles. May, '85.

No. 14.— American Crossbill ; Audubon's Birds
of America; Illinois Notes; Destruction of
Birds ; Cuckoos ; Cala. notes ; Wrens on the
Warpath; Golden-winged Warbler; Fox
Sparrow; Our Winter Birds; Snipe Creek;
Red-head; Wisconsin Jottings; Burrowing
Owl, etc.; A Florida Trip; Horned Lark;
Queer Homes and Nesting sites ; Brave Bird ;
Ferruginous Rough Leg ; Sparrows ; Pigmy
Nuthatch ; 26 short articles. June, '85.

THE OOLOGIST.

The

Volumes III. and IV. are Bi-Ma|nthly.

remaining volumes are Monthly. V
VOLUME ITI. each issue averages IS pages.

No. 15.— Full page Frontispiece.— Atnerican Wa-
ter Ouzels and West; Chester Island and the
Marsh Wrens; Bii'ds of Cortland Co., N. Y.,
(4-4 pages) ; A Cheap Cabinet ; Nest of the
Black-and-white Creeper; Summer Birds
about Washington, D. C. ; Davie's Nests and
Eggs- of N. A. Birds; Water Blowpipe; 5
Short Articles. Jan. & Feb., '80.

No. 10.— Vagary of a Collector (Great Horned
Owl, Climbing Strap) ; A Hunt for Tern Eggs;
Birds of Cortland Co.. N. Y.; Notes from
North Carolina; Whip-Poor-Wiil; Nest of the
Brown Creeper; Black-billed Cuckoo Deposit-
ing Eggs in a Yellow-billed Cuckoo's Nest;
Cannibalism of the Red-headed Woodpecker ;
23 short articles. March & April. '80.

No. 17.— History of a Bird-Box ; Tree Sparrow ;
Nests of the Green Heron ; Bird Notes from
lovva; A DifQcult CUmb after a Red-tailed
Hawk's Nest; Review of the Check-Lists ot
N. A. Birds, with special Reference to the
new A."0. U. List (3 pages); The State of
Maine as a Field for the OrnithoJLogist ; 19
short articles. May & June, '86.

No. 18.— My first White Crane's Nest; Spring
Notes; Notes from Chester County, Pa.;
Turkey Buzzards; How to Make a Cabinet;
Chewink Nests in a Tree; A Cabinet for a
large Collection; 13 short articles. Jy.&Aug.,'86

No. 19.— Collecting on Long Island ; Chimney.
Swift; A Day with the Loons ; Illinois Bird-
Notes; Marsh Wrens; A Plucky Wood Peweei

THE OOLOGTST.

Minnesota Notes; Yates County (N. \.)
Notes : 8 short articles. Sept to Nov., S6.
Ko 'M.— Completes Volvfie 111. Title pages for
binding-, with complete and exhaustive Index
of Voliimes IL and IIL Dec, '86.
VOLUME IV. Each issue averages 12 pages.
No 21.— Birds of Chester Coiuity, Penu. (lU
pases); Chestnut-sided Warbler; Massachu-
setts Letter; BiUs of Birds; 3 short articles.
No 22.— Notes from Spoon River Region. Illi-
nois; Peculiarities of the Ruby-throated
Hummingbird; Purple Gallinule; How to
► Collect; Bird Surgery; Rufous-vented and
Bendire's Thrashers and Canon Towhee:
Newsy Items; Notes from College HiU, Ohio;
Nesting of our Swallows; Notes from bulli-
van Co., N. Y.; Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher;
Notes from Connecticut; Fidelity of the Song
Sparrow; 13 short articles. March to May, ^(.
Uos. 23-24. Combined number,— Tour m the
Woods at Fort Washington. Pa.; National
Museum (Department of Birds. Nest and
Eggs); Beaver County. Pa. Notes; Black-
capped Chickadee; Hawking: Agassiz Asso-
ciation and its Work; Crow Roosts of New
Jersev; Swainson's. Warbler; Destroy the
Cowbrrd; Traill's and Acadian Flycatchers ; ,
short articles. June to Sept., '87. „.,..

No'. 25-26. Combined number,- Gannet ; W hite
Pelican; Black-capped Chickadee; Mocking-
bird; Late Collectins; Yellow-breasted Fly-
catcher; 5 short articles. Oct. to Dec, '87.
VOLUME V. 16 pages each issue.
No 27.— Brown Thrasher; Bald Eagle; Shoot-
ing a Golden Eagle; Florida Jottings: De-
structive Nesting (EngUsh Sparrow) ; Arctic
Terns; Notes from Lincoln County, Mame:
Acadian Flycatcher; Red-shafted FUcker ; 14
» short articles. Jan., '88.
No 28.— Title pages for binding, with complete
and exhaustive Index of Volume IV. ; Egg of
^pyornis Afaximus, the Colossal Bird of Mad-
agascar (6'A pages) ; Fish Crow. Feb., '88.
Ko 29.— Icterus gjpurius\ Water Blowpipe;
Cardinal Grosbeak; Kansas Notes; A Moon-
light Trip; Among the Coots on St. Clair
Flats-, Brown Thrush in Confinement; 9 short
articles. March, "88.
No £0 —Boat-tailed Grackle; Destruction of
our Native Birds (4 pages) ; Gleanings from
Correspondence ; Nest in a Horseshoe ; o short
articles. April. '88. . „ ,j,

No. 31.— Oology (Advice to Collectors); Bald
Eagle; A Snipe Hunt; Notes taken at Norris-
town. Pa.; 'HiddS.cs.tio-Q.ot Ictineamississippi-
ensis; Among the Warblers; Chestnut-sided
Warbler: 6 short articles. May. '88.
No. 32.— Family Rallidae in Michigan (3U
pages); Egg Collecting; Bird Voices; Road
Fiir.Tipr: Notes on the Birds of Beaver, Pa. ; 3
short articles. June, '88.
No O.5.— Jjoon or Great Northern Diver (2
i..'cres) • Eggs of Mississippi Kite; Nesting of
' -o«-n Pelican; Breeding Habits of American
Flamingo (3 pages) ; 3 short articles. July."SS.
Uo'i .'-i-S-X rv.nibined nmnber.— Reriiniscences
of 1835; Trip to Seven Mile Beach; Defense of
■ i' .^-. . w orii 111 \\ iiukesha Co.. ^Viscon-
bui: Great Auk; Arkansas Notes; Black
Snowbird ; Not^s for Collectors ; Some of our
Falconidae; Jim (A Tame Crow) ; Buffalo
International Fair; 8 short articles. Aug., Sep.
N >'«. .TG-07. Combined number,— American Os-
prey : A Day with the Gulls ; Florida Notes ;
A Plea for the English Sparrow ; Useful Con-
trivances; Game Laws; Notes from Lake
Couutv, Ohio; South Carolina Notes; A
Pleasant Excursion ; Sp.'srrows and Cat ; Her-
mit Thrush ; Western House Wren ; A Few
Words to Observers ; Flying Squirrels Occu-
pying Birds' Nests ; 15 short articles. Oct, Nov.
No. •-■. — 0-;trich Fanning ; An Afternoon's Col-
lecting Trip ; California Notes ; Notes from
bt. i^.avrence Co.. N. Y. ; Bird- Arrivals in N.

E. Indiana ; Bank Swallow : Faunal Changes,
— DeKalb Co.. Indiana ; Audubon Monument ;
10 short articles. Dec, '88
VOLUME VI. 20 pages each issue.
No. 39.— Title pages tor binding, with Complete
and Exhaustive Index of Volume V. ; Breed-
ing Habits of the Bridled Tern ; Wood Thrush
and Brown Thrasher; From Western North
Carolina : Birds of Broome Co.. N. Y. : Pecul-
iar Egg of Corms frugiiorus : Cuckoos : Notes
from Alabama ; Carolina Parakeet ; 12 short
ai-ticles. Jan.. '89.
No. 40.— A Red-headed Family (Pieidae) (64
pages) ; Raptores of Michigan ; Wild Turkey :
Birds of Iowa: The ••Critic" Criticised; 8
short articles. Feb.. 'S9.
No. 41. — Directions for malong a Bird or Mam-
mal Skin : The Owl : A Crow Quandary ;
Birds of Macon County. Ga. ; Collecting Ex-
perience ; Story of a Tame Crow; 6 short
articles. March, '89.
No. 42.— Raptores of Michigan (3 pages) ; Nest-
ing of the Tufted Tit : Peculiai-lties in Sets
and Eggs of a Few of our Commoner Birds ;
Difference between White-rumped and Log-
gerhead Shrikes : Birds of Grafton Co.. is.
H. ; Sample Pages of Davie's New Check-
List : 6 short articles. April. 'S9.
No. 43.— Avi-Fauua of Orleans Connty. N. Y.
(6;; pages): The Robin; The Crow in the
North; Bald Eagle's "'°st : Making Bii-d
Skins ; 3 short articles. May, '89.
No. 44. — Birds of Matthews l o., Vn. ; Changes
in the Nesting of Birds ; Collecting Tour in
Florida ; Nesting of Pygmy Owl ; Difference
between White-rumped and Loggerhead
Shrikes: Black-billed Cuckoo in Dakota;
Datas ; Nest of Marsh Hawk ; 4 short articles.
No. 45. — Michigan Notes (4^^ pages) ; Arkansas
Notes; Goldfinch in Confinement : IBurro^v'ing
Owl : Our Reply ; Gleanings from Correspond-
ents ; 5 short articles. July, '89.
No. 46.— Notes from HUlsborough Co., Florida
(2 pages) ; Shore Lark in Canada ; Can Quails
be Domesticated?; Red-tailed Hawk : Untime-
ly End of a Set of Brown-headed Nuthatch
Eggs ; Broad-winged Hawk and Black-capped
Chickadee; Gleanings from Correspondents ;
WUson Ornithological Chapter of the Agassiz
Association : 4 short articles. Aug., 'S9.
No. 47.— •Old Abe" Jr. : A Day's Collecting
Trip ; Bell's Vtreo ; Black Tern ; Yellow-
rumned Warbler; An Automatic Blower.
Flight of Ducks ; White-eied or i- loriua Tow-
hee ; Pygmy Owl : Cooper's Ilawk ; 10 short
articles. Sept.. '89.
No. 48. — Wiuttr Birds of Kalamazoo County,
Mich. (2?i pages) : .American Long-eared
Owl; Wood Ibfs in lUiuois: Birds of Bertie
Co., N. C. ; Collecting in Westei-n Floi-lda : A
White Sparrow Nests and Eggs of North
American Birds ; Black Tei^n : 8 short articles.
No. 49.— Thick-billed Grebe : Birds' Nests ; Yel-
low-billed Cuckoo; Mechanical Egg Drill;
Birds Moving their eggs : Cardinal Grosbeak :
To Pack Eggs for Transportation ; Disposal
of Duplicate Specimens ; Complete List of
the Birds of North America aiTanged accord-
ing to the A. O. U. Check-List (6 pages) ; 5
short articles. Nov., '89.
No. .tO.— Birds of Niagara County, N. Y. : Shore
Lark ; Incidents in Bird Life ; Gleanings from
our Correspondence : INIarsh Hawk ; Yellow-
headed Blackbird; Northern Phalarope; 1?
short articles. Dec, '89.
VOLUME VII. •

No. 51.— Title pages for binding, with Complete
and Exhaustive Index of Volume VI. ; Notes
on Florida Birds (3 pages) ; Ornithology and
Bicvcling : Audubon Ornithological Club ;
Florida Field Notes; Trip to DevU'sGlen:
Simple Contrivance ; Capture of a Trumpetei
Swan ; 4 short articles. Jan., '90.
No. fH. — Breeding of the Brown- h;>ade<1 Nut-

THE OOLOGIST.

Hatch ; Pralrio Homed Lark ; Collecting Ex-
pertence ; Snowy Owl ; Nest of the Texan Bob-
wMte ; Unusual Nesting of the Downy Wood-
pecker ; Evening Grosbeak ; Blue-Gray Gnat-
catcher and Tufted Tit ; 6 short articles. Feb.

No^ 53.— Summer Residents of Buena Vista
(Jounty, Iowa; In the Woods of Floi-ida;
Birds of Mackinac Island. Mich. ; Among the
Gulls on Isle Royale ; Sandhill Crane ; Even-
ing Grosbeak; Ruby-crowned Kinglet; Cac-
tus Wren ; Screech Owl in Captivity : Taking
Birds' Nests : 11 short articles. Mai'ch, '90.

No. 54. — Caged Eagles: Evening (irosheau (2
pages); Solitary Sandpiper; Summer Red-
bird ; Notes from Rochester, Mich. ; Family
Rallidae in Minnesota; Downy Woodpecker;
Hardly Omithologicai ; 10 short articles. Apr.

No. .5?).— Do Birds Mate More than Once?:
Habits of the Evening Grosbeak ; Pileated
V.'oodpecker in Florida; Bird Protection,
Chinese or Mongolian Pheasant in Oregon;
Prairie Warbler ; Winter Birds in Spring; A
Valuable Work : Davie's New Work on Taxi-
dermy ; 12 short articles. May, '90.

^o. .Vj.— Nesting habius of the American Oyster-
catcher; Prairie Homed Lark ; Saw- Whet or
Acadian Owl; Pine Warbler ; Bluebird : Albi-
nos; PUeated Woodpecker in Mahoning
County. Ohio; Belligerent Neighbors; Re-
rordtng the number of Birds Observed ; Book
Review : Prospectus of the Worcester Natural
History Camp (4V4 pages) ; 12 short articles. Je.

N'o. .57.— American Crossbill ; Crested Grebe 5
Voracious Mountain Trout; Yellow-hilled
Cuckoo; Long tailed Chickadee; Rough-
winged Swallow ; Great Homed Owl ; Some
Unusual Happenings; Pallas' Cormorant;
Eggs of Audubon's Warbler ; \2 short articles.

No. 58. — The Caprvmulgidae In Arkansas:
White-bellied Nuthatch ; Strange Co-habita
tion : Variation in the Eggs of Habia ludovici-
ana; King Rail in Minnesota; 8 short arti-
cles. Aug., '90.

No. 59.— The Use of the Camera in the Field ;
Saw- Whet or Acadian Owl ; Nestinc of the
Black Snowbird ; Marsh Hawk ; Platn Tit-
mouse : Lost Opportunities ; The Magnolia
Warbler; Wilson's Plover at Home ; 8 short
articles. Sept., '90.

No. 60.— The Use of the Camera m the Field.
A study of nests (6^4 pages, illustrated with ^
photo engravings); The Flathead (Montana ">
Field; The Owls of San Bernardino Valley; A
Collecting Adventure. The Ruby-throated
Hiunmingbird; Ornithologists at Indian
apolis; The Biirrowing Owl: After "Gators'
Eggs;" Notes from Northern Minnesota.
Oct, '90.

No. 61.— The Ruby-throated Hummingbird
(Fairies in a Fairyland) (S^i pages) ; Notes
from Travis Co., Texas; A Week to Mt. Ham-
ilton ; Great Homed Owl ; Strange Co-habita-
tion; Brewer's Blackbird; Nesting of Con-
topus borealis in Maine ; A Letter from Oliver
Davie Relating to his New Work on Taxi-
dermy ; Notes on Ardea herodias ; The Pro-
thondtary Warbler ; Nesting of the Virginia
Bail ; The Yellow Rail In Mich. ; An Outline
of the More Valuable Articles Appearing in
the YOUNG OOLOGIST (3 pages) ; 7 short arti-
cles. Nov., 'SO.

No. 62.— The Rusty Blackbird; Notes from
Ohio; Evening Grosbeak in New Hampshire;
The Gala. Partridge or Valley Quail ; Nothing
at All— a Poem ; Case for Instruments ; Notes
from Island Lake. Florida ; 3 short articles.
Dec.. '80.

VOltTME Vin. No. 63 contains 24 pages.
No. 64, 32 pages. No, 66-67. 36 Jpages including
cover. The balance, 20 pages, including covers
No. 74 also contains an additional 4 page in-
set.

No. 63.— A Day Among the Fish Hawks: The
Marsh Wrens of Hudson Co.. N. J. : Now.—
The Time to Wage War on the English Spar-
row : Nesting of the Downy Woodpecker in
Kalamazoo Co., Mich.: American Sparrow
Hawk; Anna's Hummingbird; Was it a Cow-
Bird's nest: Florida Red-shouldered Hawk :
On Owl's Tenacity to Life; Western Homed
Owl ; Albino Eggs ; An Afternoon -with the
Birds: A -Good Enough" Way to Blow Egg;
Meeting of the A. O. U. ; Expert Taxidermy;
5 short articles. Jan. '91,' '
No. 64. — Flvcatcher Notes:' Collecting in the
Marsh: House Finch : The Barred Owl: Yel-
low-breasted Chat: Anna's Hummingbird;
Birds North of Their Usual Range ; Egg Col-
lecting—The Two Classes ; A Perfect Collect-
ino ; Texas Notes : Nesting of Spinus pinus in
the Northwest. Title pages for binding with
complete and exhaustive index for VoL viL
4 short articles. Feb. '91.
No. 65.— A New Year's Soliloquy; Water Ouzel;
An Ornithological Paradise; "The EngUsh
Sparrow Must Go"; Fond Mothers: Passen-
ger Pigeon; The Oologist; Caracara or Mex-
ican Eagle: The Cooper's Hawk; Some Early
Birds of Linn Co.. Oregon; Broad-winged
Hawk ; The Extinction of Our Birds. Mar. '91
No. 63-67.— Combined Number.— A List of the-
Birds of Elgin Co., Ont.— (6Ji pages); Ran-
dom Notes on the Belted Klng-flsher; The
Ens-Ush Sparrow! A Few Articles for the
Collector; 'Screech Owl: Western Meadow
Lark: Hennit Thrush: Avea urbis. A Much
OcrupJed Nest: The Whiu-poor-wlU ; Nesting
of the Red-tailed Hawk: Cooper's Hawk: The
Eagles of North America; Nesting of the
Black-capped Chickadee In Kalamazoo Co.,
Mich. ; Nesting of the Purple Finch; The Red
eyedVlreo; Bird Life of an Islet; Migration
of the Canada Goose; Association of Ameri-
can Ornithologists; Notes on the Wright's
Flycatcher: 3 short articles. Aur. and May '91.
No. 6S.— The Hummingbirds of California;
Ring Pheasant; The Carolina Wren; Ameri-
can Dipper; A Trip to Pelican Island; Michi-
gan Ornithology : A Duty to Perform : Great
Homed Owl; Enemies of Our Feathered
Friends ; Queer. Neighbors ; Bird Migration.
June '91.
No. 69.— Some Florida Notes; The New Era in
Ornithology: The Amusing Antics of a Pair
of Brown Thrashers; The Chewin'.j in Or-
leans (jotinty; The Yellow-bUled and Black-
billed Cuckoos; (Changes In Michigan Orni-
thology; My First Nlghthawk's Nest; The
Wrens" of North Carolina: What causes the
Qtilck Notes of the Whip-poor-will ; A Better
Report from Texas; Items of Interest from
Florida; The American Osprey; Nestirg of
the Chestnut-backed Chickadee. July. "91.
No. 70,— The Storv of a Flood ; Feeding the
Birds in Winter"; Nest and Eggs of the Ru-
fous Hummingbird ; The Che wink in Broome
Co.. N. Y. ; The Carolina Wren Again ; A Trip
to Smith's Island; More About the Iowa Ea-
gles ; Some Notes on the Breeding of the Car-
olina Snow-bird ; Black and White Creepers ;
Nesting of the Sharp-shinned Hawk; Danger
in using Arsenical Soap ; Interesting Notes
from Oregon ; Answers to that Turkey Vul-
ure Query; "Meadow Larks and Turkey Buz-
zards; Seaside School of Biology; World's
Fair Notes. Aug. '91.
No. 71.— The Black and White Creeping War-
bler," An Indiana Herony; The English spar-
row in Bay City, "Mich; Michigan Notes;
Ofcmbel's 'white-crowned Sparrow; A Rai»»-

THE OOLOGIST.

bling Mixture from Connecticut: Henslows
Sparrow : A Few Notes on Ornithology and
Ornithologists :The Ruby-throated Humming-
bird ; Of Interest to Oologists ; How I Found
a Killdeer's Nest :Range of the Towhee ; Owls
as Pets : Michigan Notes ; A Rose-breasted
Grosbeak "Widower: 5 short arts Sept. '91.

No. 73.— The Screech Owl; The Divers: In Fa-
vor of an Organization : What is the Most
Northern Latitude in Which the Che-n-lnk
Breeds: Notes at Random: Ornithologists
Association; Harlan's Buzzard and the Red-
tail: An April's Outing: Eggs of the Sharpe's
Seed-eater: Shall We have a General Associ-
ation of Scientists : A Trip to Cobb's Island :
One of Indiana's New Laws; '-Bird Nestmgin
Northwest Canada." -Frernde Eire im Xest."
5 short articles. Oct. '91

No. 73.— The Great Carolina Wren; A Timely
Letter : Western tlobin ; Western New York
Naturalist's Association: The Scissor-tailed
Flycatcher: California Thrasher ; Ornitholo-
gist Association: Albino Birds; Chewink or
"Chewee"; 'Our Birds in Their Haunts";
The Lark Bunting: List of Birds Found
Breeding in the Vicinity of Peoria Ills;
Worlds Fair Notes; Relics by the Wagon
Load. Nov. '91

No. 74.— The Sharp-shinned Hawk ; A White
Crow; The Pileated Woodpecker: Russet-
backed Thrush ;How Dr. M. Keeps His Oolo-
gical Treasures; Thanksgi^•ing Notes from
the Far West : The Blue-gray Gnat-catcher in
Arkansas ; Shall We Organize : Bird Nesting
in November ; Frauds ; A Further Contribu-
tion to the Chewink Controversy; One Day's
Tramp : The Nest of the Chestnut-sided War-
bler: The Gulls: The Carolina Parrot: Bar-
tram's Sandpiper: The Homed Grebe,
World's Fair Notes. This number also con-
tains a 4-page inset of Nuttal's Ornithology.
Dec. '91.
VOLrME IX.

No. 75— Bird Nesting in North-west Canada;
Two Birds of Western Kansas: Ornitholo-
gists Association: Western New York Natur-
alists Association; The Blue Grosbeak;
Marvland Yellow-throat: Chewink; Th&
Bronzed Grackle, Prizes for Best Articles;
Are Nesting Cavities Occupied More than
Once; Old Recollections: Summer Tanager ;
"The Wavofthe Transgi-essor is Hard'';"Our
Birds in Their Haimts.'' b short articles, this
No. also contains a plate in two colors of
Long Lake and Nests of Canvas-back and
Yellow-headed Blackbird. Jan. '9-2. »

No. 76— Title pages for binding %vlth complete
and exhaustive index for Vol. VIII Zootomy
—The Domestic Pigeon (Illustrated) : Yellow
Warbler; Black-throated Bunting; Four
Birds of Oregon : My Trays; Pileated Wood-
pecker ; Notes on Albinoes ; A Day's Trip for
Bald Eagle Nests in Florida; Pai-tridges and
Their Relatives; Notes on Some Peculiar
Eggs: Collecting on the Farallone Island;
Our Winter Visitors ; 3 short articles. Feb-
ruary '92.

No. 77 A Pair of Screech Owls at Home (an
engraved Frontispiece) Zootomy— The Dom-
estic Pigeon: Incessancy of the Yellow Warb-
ler'sSong ; Some of Our Thrushes : The Spec-
imens I Didn't Get; Notes from South-west-
em Ohio; A Day vriXh. the Ducks: A Trip
Through "Wa-hoo Hammock:' A True Nat-
uralist; The Crow; Around Omaha; Early
Nesting of the Great Horned Owl ; A Trait of
the Carolina Wren: Visiting a Bald Eagle's
Nest in Virginia; The Vireos of Connecticut ;
The Crossbill in Iowa; Notes from the Vir-
ginia Coast; An Hour with the Water Birds;
Holf-a-dozen short articies.notes. etc. March
'92.

No. 78.— Sharp-shinned Hawk (Half-tone en-
graving) ; Lanius Boreal's on Deck : A Vaca-

tion with the Birds ; The Ibis of Ledworth
Lake; Notes on the Whip-poor-will; The
Black Rail in Franklin Co.. Kans.; Albino
Eggs of the Long-billed Marsh Wren ; Notes
from Nova Scotia ; Scientific Names, Their
Use and Beauty ; Pointers on Making Bird
Skins; Collecting on an European Islet: The
Great Gray Owl; Collecting and Collectors;
A Collecting Trip ; Zootomy. The Domestic
Pigeon; Prepare Your Specimens Well;
Eleven short articles. April '92.

No. 79. — Acanthis Linaria : Bird Notes from Or-
egon; The Woodpeckers; Phainopepla or
Black-crested Flycatcher: After Golden Eag-
les; Among the "Blue-grays"; Treatment of
Cases of Ixy Poison; A Trip After Beach
Birds ; Some of Our Louisiana Birds : A Step
intheRigkt Direction: A Winter Acquain-
tance: Are Crows Beneficial ■?: Spring Open-
ers; The Wood Ibis; The Yellow Warbler's
Song; Wilson's Snipe: Notes from Southern
Wisconsin; Eleven short articles. May '92.

No. 80.— A Taxidermist's Camp (engraved
Frontispiece) ; The Purple Finch : South Dak-
ota Notes ; Some of Our Visitors and Neigh-
bors ; The Black Vulture in Orleans Co. ; A
Day's Collecting in California; The Turkey
Vulture ; The Purple Finch in Broome Co.,
N. Y. ; Two rare nests . The Chestnut-sided
Warbler; Six short articles. June '92.

No. 81.— A Quawk town: The Hairy Wood-
pecker: Birds found Breeding in Bertie Co.,
No. Car. ; California Bush-Tit: Nighthawks
in Binghampton, N. Y. ; Sitta Canadensis in
Montana: A Few Notes on the Red-tailed
Hawk; The Hummingbird in So. Car. ; Five
short articles. Julv '92.

No. 82.— Collecting on Cobb's Island: Va:The
Ashy Petrel (Oceanodroma homochroa) on
the Farrallones : After the Yellow-billed Mag-
pie; An Oological Trip in Central Illinois;
Iowa Notes; The Chicadee in Rutland Co..
Vt; The Long-eared Owl; 5 short articles
August '9"2.

No.83.— The Breeding Warblers of Western New
York: A Tramp Through Wood and Marshes
in Eastern Iowa: Acadian Flycatcher: the
Prothonotary Warbler; Notes from Bexai'
Co. Tex; How I Spent Easter Sunday; A Cali-
fornia Collecting Ground; Past Remin-
iscences : Six short articles. Sept. '92.

No. 84. -The History and Mystei-y of Jacob
Potter Jr. ; A Dav in the Field : The Genus
Thryothorus; The Califomian Bush-Tit: A
Ramble in May ; Among the Hummingbirds ;
A Collecting Expedition; Five short articles.
Oct. '92.

No. 85.— Osteology for Amatuers; Buzzard
Island ; Winter Visitors : The Chestnut-collar-
ed Long.spur; Fringilladae in Newton, Mid-
dlesex County, Mass. ; The Birds in Bush
Fields inSurnmer; Some Trips for Hawks
Eggs. November '92.

No. 86.— "Cut of Eggs of Califomia Murre";
Professional Egging: or the Collecting of
Mun-e's Eggs In California; A Collection of
North Carolina Birds Eggs; Report of West-
em New York Naturalists Association ; Two
Western Birds ; The Fascination of Oology:
To the Ornithologists of. Illinois : Cerulean
Warbler. December '92.

No. 87.— A Field Naturalists Outfit ; Tue Gold-
en Swamp Warbler; Bird Nesting in an
Illinois Swamp ; Birds as Pets (One Way of
Taming Them) : The Osprey in Florida and
Other Notes ; Notes from Isabella Co. . Mich ;
The Birds Which Breed in Central Park. New
York City; Two Warblers; A Collection of
North Carolina Birds Eggs ; Wanted— Advice ,
Two short articles. January '93.

No. 88.— The American Osprey; A summer
Ramble : Some Sparrows in Minnesota ; Col-
lecting in Chicago: Scientific Osteology for
Amateurs; A Collection, of North Carolina.

THE OOLOGIST.

Birds Eggs: The Sooty Grouse; California
Vulture : A Lucky 1 ay : Winter Collecting or
Something about Owls: The Sagacity of Fish
Hawks : American Goshawk in Illinois : The
Yellow Palm Warbler; Collecting Black Vul-
tures Eggs; Twenty-one short notes. Feb-
ruary '93.

No. 89.— Chat and Cliff Swallow: The Herons of
Michigan: The Winter Visitors of Central
Park. N. Y. : Another Day with the Birds of
Southern California: The Loggerhead Shrike
of Florida; How to Prepare a Bird Skin: A
Trick of the Crow; Notes on Catharteg au7-a:
The American Bittern: The Barred Owl;
Hints on Skinning and Mounting Birds:
Great Horned Owl in Iowa; Four short arti-
cles. March "93.

No. 90 — Raptores oe Michigan— American
SpaiTow Hawk. Red-tailed Hawk. etc. : A Col-
lector's Giin: The Rough-winged Swallow:
A Criticism; Nesting of the Blue-winged
Yellow Warbler: Scenes from the Life of
Alexander Wilson— Wilson in Scotland:
Queer Myths about Birds: Band-tailed Pig-
eon: Caspaln or Imperial Tern: A Tri-col-
ored Blackbird: Another California Trip:
Illinois River Valley from an Ornithological
Standpoint: Tribulations of the Oologist
(Poetry) : Two short notes. April '93.

No. 91.— On the Habits of the California Quail
in New Zealand : Courtesy and Business in
Exchanging: The Raptores of Omaha and
Vicinity : a" Few Hints on Camping : Short-
billed Marsh Wren : The Prairie HomedLark :
Plumage : Canadian Birds; Scenes from the
Life of Alexander Wilson— His Early Ameri-
can Career; Among the Snake Birds: Tri-
nomiaal Nomenclature: Fifteen short arti-
oles. May "93.

No. 93.— Taking the Eggs of the Peregrine
Falcon: Remarkable Flight of Geese: A Trip
for I^oon's Eggs: Scenes from the Life of
Alexander Wilson— Wilson and Bartram the
Naturalist: Floridian Races: The Embry-
ology of a Bird: How to Visit the World's
Fair: A Few More Hints on Scientific Osteol-
ogy: Seven short articles. June '93.

No. 93.— A Study in Orange and Black : Birds
as Pets; A Heronry: Notes from Yamhill Co.
Oregon; Rare Nestings: Scenes from the Life
of Alexander Wilson— The Planning of His
American Ornithology: The Chimney Swift:
Among the Least Bitterns: The American
Magpie: The Pintail Duck. July "90.

No. 91.— Scenes from the Life of Alexander
. Wilson- Journey to the Falls of Niagara:
Twice used Hummingbird's Nests: Notes on
the Nesting Habit ■ of the Scissor-tailed Fly-
catcher; Nesting Habits of the Hades Plung-
er: The History of a Cowbird"s Esgs: Black
Tern: The Plumed Partridge: The Long-
crested Jay in Colorado: Hash: A Mammoth
Egg; Twelve short ai-ticles. August '93-

No. 95.— Scenes from the Life of Alexander
Wilson— The Progi-ess of His Undertaking:
The American and Least Bitterns in Henry
Co. Ill; Cruising and Science; Tha Rose-
breasted Gro.sebeak at Home : A Narrow Es-
cape: The Sapsucker; The White-tailed Kite
and Prairie Falcon in California: The Fair;
Four short; articles. September 93.

No. 96.- Scenes from the Life of Alexander
Wilson— The First Volume of the American
Ornithology; R:iptores of Michigan -Broad-
winged Hawk. Red-shouldered Hawk, etc.;
Auld Lang S>-ne : The Marsh Hawk and Its
Eggs: The American Woodcock: Nesting
Habits of the Baird's and Carolina Wrens In
Travis Co.. Texas: Death of B. F. Goss; A
Dav in the Woods : Bird Wit and the Lack of
It. October '9:i.

No. 97— Some Notes on the Wild Turkey: Rap-
tores of Michigan— American Rough-legged
Hawk. Golden Eagle, Bald Eagle. American
Long-eared Owl. etc. : With the Prairie
Warbler; Migration: Sharp-shinned Hawk;
Shore Birds at Lake Roland and Loch Raven,
Baltimore Co.. Md. : The Game Bird of the
Prairie ; Sora and Virginia Rails : Eight short
articles. November '93.

No. 98— Collecting at Night (Poetry): Oology:
Not a Criticism; A Nest of the Canvas-back;
Scenes from the Life of Alexander Wilson—
His Southern Subscription Tour: Notes on
the Birds of Henry Co.. Iowa: Raptores of
Michigan— Short-eared Owl. Barred Owl,
Saw whet Owl, etc.: A Peculiar Nesting Site;
Six short articles. December '93.

VOLUME XI.

No. 99— Title pages for binding with a complete
and exhaustive index for Vol. X : Raptores of
Michigan— Screech Owl. Great Homed Owl;
A Collecting Trip in Florida: Western Warb^
ling Vireo; The Oologist's Exhibit of Birds
Eggs at the World's Columbian Exposition—
A Complete List of the Exhibitors and the
Sets They Exhibited (6> j pages) . Jan . '94.

No. 100. — George Newbold Lawrence, with
portrait: Letter from John B. Hindtime:
Watching Flickers: Finding a Nest of the
Hooded Merganser ; Some Winter Bird Notes :
Along the Outlet Creek;The Spring and Sum-
mer Birds of Central Park. New "i'ork: Great
Homed Owl : White-throated Sparrow in St.
Lawrence Co.. N. Y. : Bohemian Wax^Tngs :
Another Prolific Flicker : Am. White PeUcan
in Illinois; Six short articles. Feb., '94.

No. 101,— Nesting Habits of the Brown Pelican
in Florida. with half-tone :Evening Grosbeak:
My Friend Hairy : A Few Thoughts: Nesting
of Leconte's Sparrow: Scenes from the Life
of Alexander Wilson : Collecting Live Birds ;
Accidental Death of Birds: Maryland Birds
that lutere-st the Sportsman ; W'estem New
York Naturalists' Association: Three short
articles. March, "94.

No. 102.— Half-tone of a Group of Bob- whites:
Maryland Birds that Interest the Sportsman;
Hfnts About Data and Field Books : A Col-
lecting Trip in Northern Iowa: Scenes From
the Life of Alexander Wilson: The Wood-
pecker of Minnesota: The American Crow: A
Disastrous Season on Pelican Island: Re-
markable Tenacity of Bird Life ; Notes from
the Mid -winter Fair: Accidental Death of
Birds: Western New York Naturalists' As-
sociation : Four short articles. April. '94,

No. 103.— My Broadwings of '92 and '93: Wil-
sons Snipe: Scenes from the Life of Alexan-
der Wilson: An Inexpensive Boat: A Pair of
Bubos at Home : Collecting in a Minnesota
Swamp: A Collecting Trip in North Dakota:
An Early Find: The Golden Eagle in Indiana;
Golden -winged Warbler :My First Set of Pine
Sisldns: Thi-ee short articles. May, '94.

No. 104. — Notes from Audubon's Biography:
My Loquacious Pet : Migration of the Chim-
ney Swift: A Day -n-ith the Cooper's Hawks:
Some Winter BU'd-life : The Whip-poor-will:
Notes on the Bam Swallow; A Crank: The
Wren-tit or Ground-tit; Procecf our Birds:
Vireonidaj in Iowa: A Little Advice; Five
short articles. June. "94.

No. 105.— Dove Life in Arizona; Notes from Au-
dubon's Biography; Fox vs. Crows; A Few
Field Notes: Bell's Vireo: Nesting Habits of
Richardson's Merlin: Nesting Habits of the
Passenger Pigeon : Some Notes on the Habits
of the Arkansas Goldfinch; The Language of
Crows and Other Notes: Collecting for an
Aquarium: Nine short articles. July, "94.

THE OOLOGIST.

No. 106.— Nesting of the Western Gull; The 1st
Day of June. '94 ; Nesting Habits of the Kill-
deer; The Thrashers's Song; Notes from Au-
dubon's Biography; Nesting of the Whoop-
ing Crane; Habits of the American Wood-
cock in Ashtabula Co.. Ohio; The Road run-
ner ; Nine short articles. Aug. , '94.
No. 107.— Nesting Habits of the Hooded Warb-
ler; Oology vs. Philately: A Beautiful Hum-
mingbird's Nest; Shape of Eggs: Notes from
Audubon's Biography ;Crane Island;Notes on
the Phoebe : Conglomeration : Hutton's Vireo:
Protect Our Bii-ds; Six short articles. Sept..
'94.
No. 108.— A Study "of Nests; An Oologist of
Early Day; Traill's Flycatcher: Notes from
Audubon's Biography: Nidification of the
Fish Crow; Nesting Habits of the Golden-
■winged Warbler; Observations on Birds; Al-
binos of the Grasshopper Sparrow; Three
short articles. Oct. '94.
l<So. 109.— The Study of Bird Life: Collecting
viz: Oological; Leach's Petrel; Nesting Hab-
its of the Chestnut-sided Warbler; The Or-
nithology of a Church Yard ; Notes from Au-
dubon's Biography; Grasshopper Sparrow in
Ontario Co., N. Y. ; Two short articles. Nov.
'94.
No 110.— A Few Notes on the Tufted Puffin,
with half-tone of Nest and Egg; The Scarlet
Tanager; Water Birds of Heron Lake; Some
Experience with the Young of the Ruffed
Grouse and Bob-white ; Protest against Bird
Slaughter: Halftone of Orioles Nest; Notes
from Audubon's Biography; Some Queer
Habits of Urinator iniber: Methods in the Art
of Taxidermy; The Barbarism of Fashion:
Twelve short articles, Dec, '94.

Davie's Nests and Eggs

North aiviericaN birds

Re-Written and Greatly Enlarged, with an

Introduction by J. Parker Noiris, and Full

Page Illustrations of Nests, etc., by

Theodore Jasper, A. M., M. D.

and W. Otto Emerson.

My Prices for Back Numbers of the

YOUNG OOLOGIST

AND THE

This work is descriptive of the Nests and Eggs
of the Land and Water Birds of North America,
which includes all the species known to exist—
those that occur or are Indigenous north of the
Southern United States boundary, including
Greenland and the peninsula of Lower California.

The breeding ran^e of each species Is given,
the time of nesting, the exact number ot eggs
laid, their color and size together with the chief
characteristics of the bird.

The arrangement of the work is according to
the nomenclature of the A. O. U. Code and
Check List, and the old numbers (Ridgeway's)
as used in former editions, are placed to the
right of each species. Throughout the text all
the common names of the birds are to be found,
and a complete analytical index of these is
given.

An invaluable book as an aid for the identlfl-
catlon ot specimens to all those collecting In the
fleld.

The work consists of 4T5 pages and 12 full page
illustrations.

Paper Edition, $1.25; Cloth $i.75-

FRANK H. LATTIN, ALBION, N. Y.

'Will, during 1895, remain as
quoted below

After which the prices of many numbers will be
advanced and possibly not obtainable at any
price. Should you desire back numbers to com-
plete your file now is the time to purchase.
You can never obtain them for less money and
possibly not at any price, as our stock ranges
from only 2 to .50 copies of an issue.

Our prices until Feb. 1, 1896, are as
follows:

N OS. 18, 21,32, 4-2 are 20cts.each •

Nos. 23-24-. 53, 75, 76, 77, 79, 90
and 101, 15 cts. each.

Nos. 9, 11, 13, 14-. 15. 34-35.53, 70,
87, 88, 89. 10 cts. each-

CS^'All other numbers, 5c per copy.

FOR ONLY $5.00 CASH I will send by
return mail a copy of every issue published —
Nos. 1 to 110 inclusive.

FOR ONLY 50c. I will send a package of
twenty i^ZO) all different back numbers, my sel-
ection.

FOR ONLY $ I .00 I ^^ill send a package

of forty (,40) back numbers, all different, my se-
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My prices for back Nos. of the Young Oolo-
Gi.ST and Ooi-OGiST in volumes, are as follows :

Vol. I. Young Oologist, Nos. 1 to 13 $ 60

" 11. " " '■ 13 &14 1.5

•' III. The Oologist. '' 1.5 to 20 40

■ IV. " " 21 to2.=>-36 40

" V. •• " 27 to 38 60

■' VI ■■ " 39 to no 60

" VII. ■' '' 51 to 63 60

'^ VIII. ■■ " 63 to 74 50

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BOUND VOLUMES

Can be furnished, strongly bound in cloth and
boards, as follows :

Vol.1. Young Oologist $ 85

" II. " and Vol. III. The

OoLOGisT.bound in one volume, only 75
•• IX. The Oologist for '92. 298 pages of
valuable and instructive Oological
and Ornithological matter with
many full page illustrations only 1.00

Or if you order the three volumes at one time,
we will send them by return mail for only $2.35.
Every student of birds, their nests and eggs
should have these three volumes in their libra-
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worth many times the price.
Address plainly

FRANK H. LATTIN.

Publisher of THE OOLOGIST,

Albion, N. Y.

THE OOLOGIST 11

^HR OoLaOQIBTT

For 1 895 will be amply illustrated, and

$300 Worth of Prizes !

Will be presented to its Readers and Contributors.

The OOLOGIST is without question the most popular aud instructive magazine,
devoted to Birds, their Nests and Eggs, ever published, and while of special value
to the Oologist aud Ornithologist, its publisher is not alone in his belief that Teach-
ers, Scientists, Naturalists and Curiosity Collectors in all departments will find
the Oologist not only worthy of their attention, but of their Subscriptio7is. With
18y5, the Oologist entered its twelfth volume, and it will be the aim of its publish-
er with the aid of its subscribers, to make it of greater value than any preceeding
one. Each ntimber for '95 will contain thirty-two pages and will be promptly ana
regularly issued the first week of each month and sent post-paid to any part of jthe
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Every subscriber received for '95 will be mailed a card composed of two Coupons
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^^ THE OOLOG/ST for 'ps /or Only 60 Cents. After that
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THE OOLOGIST.

Natural Science News.

An eight-page Weekly Journal, the first number of which will
be published on Saturday, February 2, 1895, ^^^ on every Saturday
thereafter. It will be the only weekly publication in America devot-
ed exclusively to

NATURAL HISTORY.

The size of its pages will be about 8x12 inches, making it of
convenient size for binding and preserving, and at the end of each
volume an exhaustive index will be given. It will be the Naturalist's
Newspaper and will reach every Naturalist, Collector and Museum
in the Land. Its Editor and Publisher will be ably assisted by spec-
ialists in all departments.

If you are, in any m.anner, interested in any of the various
branches of Natural Science, or in the collecting, preparing and pre-
serving of specimens of any kind — it makes no difference whether you
are Amateur or Professional, or whether a Student, a Teacher or
Field Collector — you can ill afford to be a non-subscriber, for its
Publisher will venture to assert that during the year you will surely
find something in a single number, that will be of greater value to
you than the amount you pay for a full year's subscription.

Short, newsy items and notes on any subject pertaining to Nat-
ural History are solicited from all.

Subscription Price, v^l.OO per Annum.

Single Copies, 5c each. ♦

FEANK H. LATTIN,

PUBLISHER.

ORLEANS CO., ALBION, N. Y.

THE OOLOGIST

Maryland Birds That Interest the Sports-
man 94

Meadowlark 234,334

Merganser, American 94

Merganser, Finding A Nest of The Hooded.. .48

Merlin, Nesting Habits of Richardson's 336

"Methods in the Art of Taxidermy" 366

Michigan, Raptores of 7

Midwinter Fair, Notes From the 150

Minnesota Swamp, Collecting in A 181

Minnesota, The Woodpeckers of 14.5

Minnesota, Water Birds of Heron Lake, 357

Mockingbird 333

Mud-hen 96

My Friend Hairy 86

Natural History, Royal 153, 367

Necrology 49, 343, 368, 369

Nest, A Remarkable. (Half-tone) 363

Nesting, Late 1 83

Nests, A Study of 301

Nests, Construction of 301

Nests, Position of 303

Nests. Some Twice Occupied 388

New York, Birds of Western IS

New York, Grasshopper Sparrow in On-
tario Co 336

New York, Naturalist's Association West-
ern 97, 153, 380

New York, The Spring and Summer Birds

of Central Park, .52

Nighthawk 53

Nighthawk, An Albino 288

Nighthawk, Western 182

Nightmare, An Editorial. Illustrated 371

Norris, J. Parker, Oological Collection of 153

North Dakota, A Collecting Trip in 183

Nuthatch, White-breasted 51, .53

Nyctequns. Illustrated 371

Observation on Birds 313

Ohio, Habits of the American M'^oodcock

in Ashtabula Co... 364

Oldfleld, W. A 84

Old-squaw 95

Oological, Collecting viz:— 337, 337

Oological Collection of J. Parker Norris

and Son 1,53

Oological Collections 216

Oologist, Contents of 99 Back No's .57

Oologist of Eatly Day, An 304

Oology vs. Philately 279

Oriole, Baltimore .53, 333, 278, 301, .304, 327

Oriole Baltimore, A Remarkable Nest of

(Half-tone) .362

Oriole, Orchard 11, 233, 325, 327

Ornithological Work 317

Ornithologist's Union, American .370

Ornithology of a Church Yard, The 333

Ortolan 96

Outlet Creek, Alonf the .53

Oven Bird 5,3, 2.56

Owl, Barred _ 8, 50, 93

Owl, Cat _ 8

Owl, Great Homed 8, 53, 138.^179, 209, 242

Owl, Hoot 8

Owl, Mottled 7

Owl, Screech 7, 93, 208, 334

Owl, Snowy 8, 209

Ox-eye 1.37

Paisano 265

Parrot, Sea 353

Partridge 137, 208, 360

Partridge, California 253

Peabody, Rev. P. B 343

Pelican, Brown 55, 148

Pelican in Florida, Nesting Habits of the

Brown 81

Pelican In Illinois, American White 55

Pelican Island, A Disasterous Season on 148

Pelican Island Indian River, Florida.

(Half-tone of Nest Eggs and Birds) 80

Pennsylvania, Summer Birds of Greene

Co, 14

Pet, My Loquacious 203

Petrel, Leach's 329

Pewee, House 885

Pewee, Wood 325, 327

Pewit 885

Phainopepla 259

Phalarope, Wilson's 141, 142, 263

Pheasant 138

Philately, Oology vs 279

Phoebe .53, 211, 303, 327,334

PhcBbe, Bam 305

Phoebe, Bridge 305

Pnoebe,Notes on The 385

Phoebe, Tree 305

Pigeon, Nesting Habits of the Passenger 837

Pigeon, Passenger 92,138

Pigeon, Wild... 138

Pintail 95, 142, 182, 263,359

Pintail, Chicken 182

Plover, American Golden 138

Plover, Black-bellied 137

Plover, Black-breast 137

Plover, Beetle-head _ ...137

Plover, Bull-head 137

Plover, Field 137

Plover, Grass 137

Plover, Killdeer 257

Plover, Little Yellow-leg 97

Plover, Upland 137

Plovei', Yellow-leg 97

Poachard 95

Posson, Neil F 267

Prairie Hen ; 93, 138

Prize Contest 14

Prize Contests, December ('93) .56

January 98

February 154

March 154

April 186

Mlay ..._ 844

June 268

July 289

August 314

September 314

October 338

November .371

THE OOLOGIST.

Protect Our Birds 214, 288

Protest Against Bird Slaughter 361

Puffin, A Few Notes on the Tufted. 353

Puffin. (Half-tone of Egg, Nest, and Nest-
ing Site) 353

Quail 137, 361

Quail, Messina 139

Quincy, Edward... 243

Rail, Carolina 96

Rail, Clapper 96

Rail, King 96

Rail, Sora 141,142,181

Rail. Virginia 96, 142, 181

Rain-crow 326

Raptores of Michigan 7

Red-bird 355

Redhead 95,359

Redpoll 53

Redstart, American 53, 256

Reed, Charles K 256, 329,369

Remarkable Tenacity of Life 150

Road-runner, The 265

Robin, American 52,53,142,301,334

Robin, English 305

Sandpiper, Barti-amian 137,141,143

Sandpiper, Least 1-2

Sandpiper, Pectoral 142, 359

Sandpiper, Red-backed 97

Sandpiper, Semi-Palmated 359

Sandpiper, Spotted 53, 331, 334

Sapsucker, Yellow-bellied .146

Scoter, American 95

Sedge-hen 96

Shad Spirit 173

Shags 253

Shapes of Eggs 280

Shrike, Loggerhead 11

Shrike, White-rumped 183

Shuffler -95

Siskin, My firstiSet of Pine 1&5

Skylark, English 53

Smith, Wm.G 49

Snipe, English 172

Snipe, Grey-back 97

Snipe, Irish 173

Snipe, Jack 173

Snipe, Robin 97

Snipe, Robin-breast 97

Snipe, Wilson's 96,172

Snowflake 51

Snyder. Fred D 267

Sora 96

Southerly, South 95

Sparrow, Albinos of the Grasshopper 313

Sparrow, Baird's 18a

Sparrow, Chipping 53. 234, 301, 327. 334

Sparrow, English 53.88,288

Sparrow. Field 53, 233, 327, 331, 334

Sparrow, Harris' 326

Sparrow in Michigan, Henslow's 217

isparrow in Ontario Co., New York. Grass-
hopper 336

Sparrow in St. Lawrence Co., New York.

White-throated 54

Sparrow. Lark 386

Sparrow, Nesting of Leconte's 88

Sparrow, Savannah ." 331

Sparrow, Song 53. 387, 331, 334

Sparrow, Swamp 5S

Sparrow, Tree 50,208, 334

Sparrow, Vesper 327. 334,337

Sparrow, White-throated 53, 33.3

Sparrow, Yellow-winged 313,337

Spoonbill 142

Sprigtail 9»

Starling 305

Starling, Tree 305-

Supper, Third Annual, of the K. K. K.

Club _ 49

Swallow, Bank 253, 302

Swallow, Bam 53, 234, 286, 302,334

Swallow, Blue-backed 304

Swallow, Chimney 804, 305

Swallow, Cliff 211

Swallow, Eave 211, 305

Swallow, Notes on the Barn 211

Swallow, Rough-winged 53-

Swan, Whistling _ 96

Swift, Chimney 53, 211, 234, 266. 286, 826. 334

Swift, Migration of the Chimney 204

Tanager, Scarlet _ 53, 3.55

Tanager, The Scarlet 355

Tarpots 95'

Taylor, H. R 243

Taxidermy. Methods iu the Art of 366

Teal. Blue-winged 94, 142,263, 32a

Teal. Green-winged, _94, 358

Tern, Black 141, 142, 181, 182, 263

Tern, Common 183. 331

Tern, Foster's 358-

Thistle-bird, Song of the 244

Thoughts, A Few ST

Thrasher, Brown 53, 327, 334

Thrasher, California 259

Thrasher's Song, The 25&

Thrush, Brown 142, 233, 30.5.

Thrush, Hermit 53, 256-

Thrush. Olive-backed 53

Thrush, Wilson's 53, 233, 25.5-

Thrush, Wood 53, 301. 334

Tit, Ground 213

Towhee 53, 234, 325. 327

Turkey 138

Turner, William 243-

Turnstone _ 138

Urinator iniber. Some Queer Habits of- 364

Vireo. Bell's 834

Vireo, Hutton's 287

Vireo, Red-eyed 53, 214, 234, 256, 302, 325, 334

Vireo. Warbling _ 53, 215, 327, 334

Vireo, Western Warbling 13

Vireo, White-eyed - 53. 235, 334

Vireo, Yellow-throated 53, 215, 302

Vireonidae in Iowa 214

Vulture, Turkey 233.

THE OOLOGIST.

Warbler. Black and White 53

Warbler, Blackburnian 53

•Warbler, Black-throated Blue .53

Warbler, Black-throated Green 53, 2-13

Warbler, Black-poll 5.3

Warbler, Blue-winged. 53

Warbler, Canadian .53

Warbler, Chestnut-sided .53. 2.%5,301

Warbler, Golden-winged 1S5

Warbler, Hooded Flycatching 277

Warbler, Magnolia 53

Warbler, Mourning 333

Warbler. Myrtle ,53, 1<3

Warbler, Nashville 311

Warbler, Nesting Habits of the Chestnut-
sided 331

Warbler, Nesting Habits of the Golden-
winged 311

Warbler, Nesting Habits of the Hooded 277

Warbler. Parula ,53

Warbler. Pine-creeping 303

Warbler. Prairie 333

Warbler, Redpoll 142

Warbler, Worm-eating 53

Warbler, Yellow Palm 53

Wasson, I^eon 369

Water Birds of Heron Lake 357

Waxwing, Bohemian 54

Waxwing. Cedar 53,334

"Whiffler 95

Whip-poor-will, The 209

Whistler 95

Widgeon 94

Widgeon, European 94

Willet 97

Wilson Ornithological Chapter of the

Agassiz Asson 14

Wilson, Scenes From the Life of Alexan-
der, His Second Southern Tour 89, 142

His Last Days 174

Wilson's Ornithological Club 242

Winter Bird Life. Some 207

Winter Bird Notes, Some 50

Woodcock, American 95

Woodcock in Ashtabula Co.. Ohio, Habits

of the American 2&^

Woodpecker, Downy 51, 53, 146, 208, 334

Woodpecker. Hairy 5I, 86, 145,208

Woodpecker, Pileated 146

Woodpecker, Red-headed 146, 234

Woodpeckers of Minnesota, The 145

World's Columbian Exposition, The Oolo-

gist's Exhibit of Birds Eggs at the 14

Wren, House 53, 93, 334

Wren, Marsh 143

Wren, Parkman's 133

Wren, Swamp 305

Wren, Tit or Ground Tit, The 213

Yellow-hammer i46 305

Yellow-legs 97, 142

Yellow-legs, Greater 97, 357

Yellowthroat, Maryland-. 53, 142, 302, 311. 329

li5S(i5SIRiSSJ'.?5?8JlSgH^55,

^^^'^ Monthly. <^^^ii^ 50c. per Year. <%'

VOL. XI. ADBiON, N. Y., JAN., 1894. NO. 1

Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales.

Brief special announcements. 'Wants,' "Exchanges" "For Sales," Inserted In this depai-tment
for ."ioc per 3.5 words. Notices over 35 words, charged at the rate ot one cent per each additional
word. No notice Inserted for less than 5uc. Terms, cash with order.

Strictly Flrst-clasH specimens will be accepted in payment ai one-half list rates.

''Dealers" can use these columns at Regular A(lverlisin<j rates, only.

Exchange cards and Coupons (subscription) will be accepted lor '-Wants" and "Exchanges" cmlv
■and according to conditions stated thereon.

Nf^ 7J\ is an opportune time for YOU torenew your subscription to theOOLOCIST
V_y iJLZ for 18'.M. and ir in arrears to make an early settlement of the same. V\ hetner
this reminder applies ro you or not,is it not high time that YOU sent us at least one new subscriber

TO EXCHANGE. -Birds skins for same or
•eggs in sets with data or collecting tube for Vi
gauge gun. MRS. H. K. SEDGWICK, Dexter,
Mich .

HAVE skins, sets and many articles to ex-
change for skins and sets. Send list, stating
what you want. I may have it. N. HOLLISTER
Delavan. Wis.

TO EXCHAXGE *9 worth of birds eggs in
singles for U. S. Postage Stamps. (XARENCE
LUTHER, P. O. Box -iii. Fayetteville, Ark.

TO EXCHANGE.— Stamps for curios or eggs,
100 stamps for 8c, 1 good stylograpliic pen sell
■cheap for cash. All answered. JAMES HOWE
SLATER, Web.ster. Mass.

NOTICE.— Those desiring strictly 1st class
lully identified sets or singles from tMs locality
during the coming season would do w-ell to ad-
dre.ss m-i for rates GEO. D. FRENCH, Ivory-
ton, Conn.

WANTED.— To buy or possibly exchange, li^^t
■Class sets of eggs with d-i,ta. Coliectofs in other
iocalties kindly write. H. B. HOLLIS, Welles-
ley Hills, Massachusetts.

FOR EXCHANGE. -Snare drum without
lieads, Prussian modes nickle platea trimmings
with sticks. Cost $l'2. To exchange for the
"best offer ot first-class eggs. J. O. .JOHNSON,
•Southington, Conn.

NOTICE.— Will give fine polished Mexican
-opal (price $1) for each dozen good flint heads
sent me. also highest price paid for Columbian
stamps. All letters answered. WILL D.
WALTMAN, .S:iO E. Kiowa St., Colo. Springs,
Colo.

FOR SALE.— An 18,5,3 Tquarter without rays
over eagle or arrows side of date. In fair con-
dition somewhat scratched. Will sell or ex.
for best offer. LAURENCE APPLETON,
Haddonfleld, N. J.

TO EXCHANGE.— First-class birds eggs for
good books, violin, or' musical instruments of
any kind. DANA P. GILLETT, Barre Center,
Orleans Co., N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE. -SI.tO worth of stuffed
birds and mammals. stamps.eggs and rifle to ex-
change for a watch, silver cornet and bicycle.
FRED S. HAGGART, Chagi'in Falls, Ohio.

TO EXCHANGE.— Magic Lantei'n, ten slides
and flrst-class singles and sets with data, to ex-
change for climbing irons or flrst-class sets
with data. FRANK H. BOTSFORD, Lyndon-
ville, N. y.

I HAVE ,55 first-class Southern California
eggs. 43 varieties, value $3,5. to exchange for
good copy of Ridgeway's Manual, or cash. Make
offers and send for lists. I. N. CAMP. De Luz,
San Diego Co., California.

MOUNTED BIRDS and Animals at lowest
prices Gray Rabbit. *1.. 50: Blue Jay, 7.5c. ; En-
glish Sparrow, 40c.; Black-capped Chickadee,
.50c. , White-bellied Nuthatch, ,500. ; Black Snow
Bird, fi5c. Skins also mounted at lowest rates.
Send stamp for list. Address, D. J. BULLOCK,
Marshalltown, la.

NP: BR AS KANS Attention: I desire to pro-
cure the address o7 every (me interested in Or-
nithology and Oology in Nebraska and there-
fore request all interested to send me their ad -
dress, ISADOR S. TROSTLER, 4246 Farnam
St., Omaha, Neb.

_ )n the \vr ipper of next months (Feb.) OoLOGiSTyou will find some figures
following your name. If "!)H," it will signify that your subscription expired with
December, 1893. If "110," that your sub.scription has been paid through 1894.
■Other figures will be explained next month.

^(o^"~

IHE UOLUGIST.

EXCHANGE.— New Wilson's Ornitbology
cost $7.50. eggs, sets, singles, new HH revolver
for strapped climbers, sinsrles, ornithological
books. B. H. SWALES, 13^ Woodward, Ave.,
Detroit, Mich.

WANTED.— Latest edition ot Cones' Key. 83
or 38 cal. Marlin Repeater, 38 cal. Cmt's revol-
ver or any thing I can use. Have to exchange
American Bulldog revolvers, 33 and 3« cal.,
belts, etc., etc. No cards wanted. All letters
answered. HORACE H, FELL, 3658 Dearborn
St., Chicago, 111.

EGG COLLECTORS. -Something new for
you. The "Eureka" collecting ladder. 30 feet
long, rope sides, oak rounds, steel grab hook.
Can be attached to limb from ground and de-
tached after descent. The best climber extant,
strong,light. durable, price $3.50. WM. WAKE,
Naturali!-t, Knoxville, Tenn,

TO EXCHANGE.— Mounted birds, deer ant
lers mounted on skull and skins for skins. skins
of Scarlet Tanager and Cardinal Grosbeak es-
peciallv desired. All letters an-^wei-ed. Ad-
dress. D. J. BULLOCK. Marshaltown, Iowa.

FIRST-CLASS sets and singles to exchange
for same A. O. U. No. 48,8 1-5. 7.55 1-4. 540 1-3,
506 1-3, 498 1-3. 106 M. 413 1-5, .581d 1-3. 704 1-4. 477
1-4, 414 ls3. 761 1-.3. 735 1-4, 731 1-6. E. S. 1-5. 766 1-3,
456 1-5. 560 1-4. 705 1-3. 624 1-3: singles 560, 604. 634,
511, 311. 312, 633a, 731, 766. 378, 200, 70, 506. CHAS.
A. ELY, Perrineville. N. J,

WANTED.— Cancelled Columbian and Con-
federate postage stamps. Highest cash price
paid for same. Send list of what you have and
I will make you an offer by return mail. Ad-
dress. W. C. PICKENS, Livingston, Ala.

I WANT sets of 381. 386,306, 308, 29-i, 734, and
can offer 5, 311, 351, 368 438. 549, 550, 6,S4 and
many more. J. N. CLARK. Saybrook, Conn.

SINGLE BARREL No. 13 shot gun with load-
ing tools. $5 cash. Senl stamn. E. K. SHIP-
MAN, New Milford, 111.

FIRST-CLASS egars in sets to exchange for
birds in the meat. MILTON C. HOWE, Mon-
son. Mass,

30 Caliber Colt's Revolver, nickled. Ivory
handle : cost $10. Will exchange for Collecting
Pistol, single barrvil gun or offers. C. BAR-
LOW, Santa Clara. Cal.

SETS, with data, of fortv species indige-
nous to Kentucky.season of 1893, for eschanee.
Send list and sret mine. Address, T. D. WITH-
ERSPOON, JR., Lock Box 97, Richmond, Ky.

WANTED.— Set of two eggs of Black Vul-
ture, first-class with data. Will give $ worth
of first-class singles for sam='. WILL BINGA-
MAN, Grundy Centre, Iowa,

FOR SALE.— A fine set of two Golden Eagle,
full data, for only $7,50. Many other desirable
sets cheap. Also 400 first-cla=s bird skins. Send
for list. L. ZELLNER, 1825 Oak St., Los An-
geles, Calif.

TO EXCHANGE.— Two copies of the Geolo-
gical Survey of Ohio, for Indian stone imple-
ments. Also some other useful books for same.
Z. T. SMITH, Upr. Sandusky, Ohio.

TO EXCHANGE.— Hull's eye lantern. 25
numbers each of Harper's and Century maga-
zines for a pair of climbing irons or Indian re-
lics with data. ARCHIE CROZIER, 810 W.
Fifth St., Wilmington, Del.

TO EXCHANGE.— 400 varieties U. S. and
Foreign stamps in an International album ($!)■
for Cones' Key or Ridgwav's Manual. GEO.H.
DAVIS. 139 Washington St.. Painesville. Ohio.

TO EXCHANGE for Cones' Key and
papers on OolOffy. A 32 cal. self-cocking doub-
le-action revolver, as good as new. and a few
sets of eggs. All answered. P. A. MUT>TER,
Ashford. N. Y.

EXCHANGE.— Northern Illinois eggs for U.
S. stamps. Send for stamp arpi-oval sheets at
.50 per cent, commission. Reference required.
I have a few good stamns for sale ch<»ap. Cor-
respondence invited. GEO. B. BRADSHAW,
De Kalb, Illinois.

FOR EXCHANGK —A pair of large Elk Ant-
lers on Skull in good sha e. for Kodak Camera
in good order and standard make, also eggs to
exchange for minernls. shells and curios of all
kinds. ALF. EASTGATE. Grand Forks, N. D.

TO EXCHANGE. -A. O. U. sets with data of
261 t-3. 305 3-11. 463 1-3. 466a 2-4 1-3. 467 1-4, 510 3-4,
511b 1-4 1-3, .560 1-3, 596 3-3. .581c 3 3. 613 3-4. 616 1-4,
604 1-2. 6.53 3-4. 705 1-4. 735 1-3. Also Youth's Com-
panion for 1893 and N. Y. Ledger for 1891, for
Hornaday's Taxidermv or other sets. All an-
swered. CARLETONR. BALL, Little Rock,
Iowa.

COLLECTORS —I have practically a perfect,
contrivance for climbing tree=, which I have
successfully tested for several seasons. By Its
use the most diftif'ult tree, regardless of shape,
size or height, is rendered absolutely safe and
easy to climb. Those who desire particulars
will write me enclosing stamp. M. C. WHITE,
Mathews, Va.

TO EXCHANGE.— First-class singles with
complete datas. of this locality 50 per cent, dis-
count, for first-class sets with datas, climbing
irons or collecting tube. CHAS. WISE. York
Station, Alabama.

THE OOLO(tIST is simply a hustler. I re-
ceived my December number yesterday and to-
day had 6 answers in the forenoon and 4 in the
afternoon. And I say as no doubf hundreds of
the Oologist's subscribers do, "Three cheers
for the OoLOGiST." HORACE H. FELL, Chi-
cago, 111.

TO EXCHANGE.— I have 31 singles of Am.
Herring Gull, which I will exchange for best
offer of sets with data. I also have the follow-
ing 1st class sets with data to exchange: A. O.
U. No's51a 10-3 16-3, 106 60-1. 519 1-4 1-.S, 591b 1-3
1-4. 612 6-3 3-5. 7^0 8-^. Wanted in exchange sets
with data. OR A WILLIS KNIGHT, 157 Ham-
mond St., Bangor, Maine.

"Bird Life in Labrador."— Sometime ago
I published a series of articles in the American
Field of Chicago. 111., entitled "Bird Life in
Labrador.'" I received so many letters unsoli-
cited, from those who had read and appeared
pleased with these articles, that I determined
to put them into a more permanent form. They
will appear as a pamphlet of about 100 pages.
To cover the slight expense of publication, I
shall offer a limited number of them for sale,
paper cover, post-paid, for $1.00 each. I should
be pl-^ased to send you a copy upon the above
terms. Sample page for stamp. Please ad-
dress. WINFRID A. STEARNS, Atlanta Uni-
versity. Atlanta. Ga.

FOX SKIN:— If you have an A no. 1, one
with skull and leg bones, advise us lowest cash
or exchange pi'ice at an early date. F. H. LAT-
TIN & CO., Albion, N. Y.

THE OOLOGIST.

SPECIMENS of Georgia Woods.Telea.Prom-
ethea and Cecropia Coccoons and 15 sets 498 for
eggs, climbers. back Oologists or Davie's Kev.
Also Stiot Gun, Brass Sliells. Loading Tools
and 22 Ritle for Banjo. LEROY KING, 304
Forest \V., Detroit, Mich.

FIRST-CLASS EGGS in sets to exchaijge
for same. Send list. All answered. G. GOR-
DON SHANCK. Libertyville. Ills.

EXCHANGE: Stoddard's Art Portfolio (2.^6
pictures) size. 11x13' i inches, cost -11.00, of
scenes around the world, for minerals, first
class sets, or books on Natural History of any
kind. CLARENCE NORTON, Three Rivers,
Mich.

WANT old Nickels, any date back of lS8o,
will give 10 rare foreign stamps: back or 1879,
I.t; 18eO. 2.5. OTTO GRADY. Ludlow. Ky.

EXCHANGE : 40 Books. Some very old and
rare, novels. Cosmopolitan Magazine, 1891, 1S9?,
Shot gun and Rifle combined, and Black Min-
orca Fowls and Eggs for Books on Ornithology,
flrst-class Se''s or Mounted Birds. All answer-
ed. VERDI BURTCH, Branchport. N. Y.

FOR SALE— Bird Skins from this locality.
V^ery cheap. Large orders taken. I would also
exchange some very fine specimens for Coues'
Key and Ridgeway's Manual, and Ridgeway's
Nomenclature of Colors. Also other standard
works on Ornithology. All letters answered.
NATHAN L. DAVIS, Taxidermist, La Porte,
Texas.

CAPEN'S OOLOGY of New England. The
editicn of this magniflcient work is exhausted,
we have only o«<' copy left. Price $l.=i. If you
want it speak quick. F. H. LATTIN & CO , Al-
bion. N. Y.

I HAVE added Two Hundred dollars ($300)
worth of specimens to my collection through
the Exchanee Columns of the Oologist. J. M.
KILVINGTON, Mason City, la

I FIND that exc. notices in the Ooi,OGisTpay
me 100 per cent, better than in other papers.
EDW. WALL, San Bernardino. Calif.

•'BIRDS OF THE ST \TE OF NEW YORK,
by DeKay. Complete in one thick volume. 4to,
cloth, 38(j pages, text, illustrated with 141 finely
engraved full page plates, beantifully colored
by hand, showing .308 figures. This work is
very scare". It was published in IS'44. as one of
the vols, of the "Natural History af New York"
and Is usually sold at from $16 to $3.5 per copy.
This copy needs rebinding and has the common
names of birds written underneath each figure
—otherwise clean and in good condition. Our
price, prepaid, only $13. F. H. LATTIN & CO.,
Albion, N. Y.

I HAVE eggs of t^^e Caspain Tern and Amer-
ican Herring Gull to exchanee for Eggs. Skins,
Curios, etc. ED VAN WINKLE, Van,s Har-
bor, Mich.

OOLOGTSTS WANTED.— We want af once,
copies of the Ooi-OGIST as follows: July, Aug-
ust. IHSti: January-Febmary, 1887 or Dec, 1886,
with the former a//achfd; .Tune, 18,88; April,
1889; March, 1893 and April, 189.3. We also de-
sire copies of our old 1885 "Ooi,oGiST's Hand-
book." For each and every copy of the above
publications mailed usnotlater than February
15. 1894. we will give 1.5cts worth of anything we
advertise or offer for sale or will send credit
check good for the amount. Address at once.
F. H. LATTIN & CO., Albion, N. Y.

EGGS.

From the Orient and As-iam 'Malakka) In-
dia Aui-tial}a. Africa, ^tc.. correctly named
at moderate prires. also European and exotic
Birds skins. HERMANN ROLLE.
Kiii'iener St.. 4. Berlin. N. W.. Germany >.

siilA SHELLS. Coral. Minerals,
'Jirds' Eggs, and S' ins. Fossils,
.'aturalists' Supplies. Taxidermv,
i.'atalos-ue. 2c. C. F. CARR, New
London. Wis.

DDIMTBUf* 0^=^11 kinds for Naturalists a
I nlfl I Imm sp-ciality. Note and letter
heads, envelope-*, circulars, illustrated cata-
logues for natural history dealers. Have hun-
dreds of engravings of natural history specl-
men-i. Write for eistimates. 10 1 envelopes print>-
ed. 4."><'.. tioteheads same price, postpaid. C. F.
CARR. Job Printer. New London, Wis. tf

Can coin big m(mey. Bran new
plan. Gi'eat craze. Just out.
•liood side line." Biggest ctiance
ever offered agents salary or com-
mission. Be quick. Good" on
credit. Samples. etc.. Free. MUL-
TIPLEX CO., No. 171 8th andLocust.Phila..Pa.

YOU

PER
DAY

Handling the fastest selling article on record
OVER A MILLION SOLD IN PHILADELPHIA!
No matter where you reside; every body
wa'its them. Write to-day. enclosing 3c, stamp
and we will mail you 4 Free Samples and full
particulars, which will enable you to commence
work at once. Circulars free. SMITH MFG
CO.. No. 171 Pepper Bldg.. Phila.. Pa.

TAIIDERM!STS';isi

leaves. I am now having a plate made and a
list printed. If you think this list would inter-
est you. I would be happy to mail you one. I'm
now stocking up with the best material in the
market and no dotibt within a month I will
have the finest stock of supplies in the country.
If you are a live taxidermist, send me your ad-
dress on a postal. JAMES P. BABBITT,
Taunton, Mass.

The World's Fair Eggs.

We have left about one-half the e^gs that we
exhibited -mentioned in this Oologist as ex-
hibited by '-F. H. 1 . & Co."— at the World's
Fair. In most cases these were the only eggs
of the species ever vvathin the bounds of Jack-
son Park and consequently the only ones at the
World's Fair.

If you can use any of these eggs at not less
and "perhaps,at a slierht advance over regular
rates we would be pleased to have your list of
wants at earliest possible date and we will
quote you lowest cash price for the ones we
have left. With each set we will give a written
guarantee that it was the identical one we ex-
hibited at the World's Fair.

Address all letters referring to the "Exhibit"
eggs to Albion, N. Y.

F. H. LATTIN & CO.

GOING TO BUILD?

Send for illustrated catalogue, containing 26
handsome designs. Fn?;E. Address Shoppell's
MoDEKN HousE.s,63 Broadway, N. Y. J6t

THK OOLUaiST.

are Bargains

We have decided to offer from time to time during 1894 a full page of desirable specimens, sup-
plies, etc., at prices so low that although we purchased in immense quantities and at "snap"
prices, our actual profit will be nothing or less than nothing. Future, rather than present.profits
are what we are after and by giving our subscribers the benefit of this page we believe that we
will secure through them, from an advertising standDoint results which, to us, will prove by far
more satisfactory than could possibly be secured in any other manner.

All Prices on this page are open to 1894- Subscribers of the Oologist
only. (If not already a subscriber you m ust send in your subscription or
renewal with order.)

Prices will hold good until February 20th.— Not a single day longer and
the articles in this months offer will doubtless never be included in a simi-
lar one.

Non-subscribers, and after Feb. 30th, siibscribers can purchase these articles at Regular Price
only.

Should present supply of this months bargains exhaust before Feb. 20th your money will be
refunded.

In order to prevent dealers from "scooping" our stock and thus preventing subscribers, for
whose benefit thi-i page was planned, securing their wants, we shall be obliged to limit the pur-
chase of each subscriber to not exceed ?10 during the month.

Everything is aent prepaid unless otherwise noted.

Reg. Jan_
Price Sale
Price

$ 75 $ S8

20 09

" 25 08

75

43

TAXIDERMIST'S SCISSORS, ordinary 5 in. ones 3

GREEN MOSS, imported, large brick bunches

DATA BLANKS, wide margins, per 100 assorted

"BIRDS OF MICHIGAN," COOK'S, notes on 333 species. 148 pages, illustrated, well

worth double, regular price

MINKRAL, COLLECTION of 50 different named, 1 in. specimens, 35 cts. additional if

sent prepaid

V-NICKELS with oufthe word 'cents'

100 var. FOREIGN STAMPS

POPULAR STAMP ALBUM, illustrated, holds 1200 stamps

INDIAN MOCCASINS

SETS of 1-1 with data Of each the following showy Sea Birds eggs: Sooty Tern, Noddy,

California Murre and Leaches' Petrel and an egg of Am. Herring Gull

SET I3 Ring-billed Gull and 1-5 Little Blue Heron _

SET I3CHACHALACA

EGG OF So. African Ostrich, a5cts. additional if sent prepaid

THE OOLOGIST, 1893, 268 pages, boxmd in cloth

GLAS.S EYES. All cut from wires and ready to insert in specimen. In our Januay

sale we offer onlv colors and sizes as follows :

Flints No's 3, 9, 10, 14, 19, SO, 23. 35 and 26.

Red No's 1. 2. 3, 18 and 30.

Brown. No's 17, 18 and 32.

Hazel. Vo 1.

Yellow, No's 1, 3. 3, and 9.

Straw, No. 5.

The prices of the above eyes, for this sale only, will be one-half regular ones viz: Sizes
1 and 3, Ic. per pair; 3 and 5, I'^c. ; 9 and 10, 3c. ; 14, 6c. ; 17. 18 and 19, 10c. ; 20. 13c. ; 23, 14c. ; ?5. 18c.
26, 30c. All prepaid.

For anything on this page address us at either 3571 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, or Albion, N.
Y. Should you include your subscription to the Oologist with the order the latter address is pre-
ferable.

Faithfully.

F. H. LATTIN & CO.

1 25

50

15

08

30

It

10

06

3 00

98

1 35

70

1 50

70

2 35

90

1 50

75

1 00

60

THE OOLOGTST.

5-

©•© 1894.

With this months OologisT, we mail our Premium List for 1894.

For each and everv NEW subscriber you will send us, during 1894,
you may select anything we describe or advertise upon its pages to
the amount of 25c. Or, if you will send us an even $1.00 we will
send you goods described in the Premium List (your selection) to
the amount of $1.00 and will also mail 3^our Friend the Oologist
one year with the coupons. Neither of these offers. can be accepted
in connection with a renewal of your own subscription, nor of that
of an old subscriber. 4,

In tlie Premium List, we think any collector will'find many useful
and desirable articles, and, taken as a whole, that a large percentage
6f^thd'-*'*'trash" usually contained in such lists, has been, with perhaps
a few, exceptions, eradicated. Our patrons can rest assured that in
, case they should select an article, which we do not think will prove
to their entire satisfaction, that we will either "even up" with
"extras" or send a similar article of greater value.

If this List is of no earthly use to you, dont cast it in the fire —
it's excellent for wrapping specimens- -we've tried 'em.

-Should you prefer Eggs or Specimens of any kind at regular list
rates, you can make selections from our stock to the amount of 25c.
instead of articles offered in our 1894 Premium List.

Trusting you will send in new subscriptions early and often, we
remain 'as ever. Faithfully Yours, F. H. LATTIN & CO.

Second Hand Books.
DiU'ing the past lew months the foUowino;
, 2d Hand or shelf worn books have accumulated
at our Chicafj:o store, rather than .ship them
back east we will send prepaid at the followine-
ridiculously low prices. Should you desire
further descriptions in relation to any special
book or books before placing your order -write,
or see June l.s:i;5 Oor.oGiST.

Principles of Z lolotrv. Apassiz & Gould $ 60

Stones AVx^nt Birds. M. & E, Kii-by 1 00

Buffon's Natural History 40

Family Aquarium. Butler 50

GeoloRical Sl^etches, Liouis Agassiz, 3 vols.. 2 00
Up and Down the Brooks. Mary E. Bam-

ford. new 70

Patterson's Zoology 7.5

Primer of Scientific Knowledge. Bert, new 4.5
Gray's Structural and Systematic Botany,

Asa Gray 1 7.5

On Natural Selections, Alfred Russell Wal-
lace 7.5

The Transformation of Insects, Dr. Duncan

Hund'eds of illustrations 3 00

Gray's M.uiual "f Botany 1 40

Mountain Scouting. K. H. Farrow 90

Boys Own Natural History, J. G. Wood 40

N. Y. State Cabinet of Natural History 2 00

Insects at Home. J. G. Wood 1 (X)

Goldsmith's Natural History, leather

bound, '^ vols, in one 1 40

First Book in Botany and Second Book in

Botany. E. A. "Voumans, each 65

The Geological Story Briefly Told, Ja.s. D.

„ D-^n^ 1 00

Practual Zoology. B. P. Colton 75

The Great Industries of tne U. S., J. B.

Burr&Hyde " 1 30

Elements of Naturnl History, W. S. W.

Ruschenberger. s vols, m '-i. e:ach [ 1 00,

Geoloafical Report Upon Exploration of
the Colorado River of the West. Rowell
In three p;ut>. one v<ilurae. Part I,
History of the Explorations of the
Canons of the Colorado. Part S. i-'hysi-
cal Features on the Valley of the Col-
oi-ado, Part 3. Zoology, by E. Coues 3 00

Geology of Iowa, 1870, CJxas. A. White, 2
vols, each 3 05

U. S. Geological Survey, '85-'86. 7tii Anniiai
Report, Powell 3 qq

U. S. Geological Survef. '81-'82, 3d Annual

Report ,^ 3 00.

U. .S. (ieologicul Report, '86-'87, 8th Amual

Report, a vols, each 3 qo

U. S. (ieol'igical Report. West of ioo Meri-
dan. Lieut. G. M. Wheeler & Corps, Vol
(). Botany Rothrock 4 50

Stansbury Report on Silt Lake .!!!'!...! 1 2.5

Geological Survey of Penna. 100 vols, "by

Express or Freight 3.5 oo,

A Journey inBrazil byProf.andMrs.Loui's

Aerassiz. 5^5 pp.. Ill g 55

Scientists Directory for 1884, clotli 7,5

Scientists Directory for 1892, paper 1 50,

P. H. LATTIN & CO..
.3,571 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, Iljs,

THE OOLOGIST.

BIRDS EQOS

IlliisTrdTedCaTAlog'.A\
3«^ w..aS.K.REED. z>%xv.,
^zMainSt. WORCESTER. MASS.^

We secure Uuiieu siait
register Trade-Marks, Ciipyritihis and Mihels,
and attend ro all patent business for moderate
fees. Wereporton patentability free of eiMrjze.
Fur 1 iforination and free ha. d-b<>ok writi- i >
H. B. WILLSON & CO., Attorneys at Lr.v.
Opp. U. S. Pat. Offioe. WASHI WnTOM, 'n>. r-

Sliding Calipers! All Sizes & Gradnations.

Vernier and Metric or French System.

lOolosists!

i| W If you care to save time and meas-

"•<[ W ure your specimens accurate, get

il 1 one of my 4 inch Sliding Calipers, with

hardened jaws.li.i In, long, graduated in l-KX) of
an inch. <Senf registered to any part of the U, S.
for $d.50, 6 inch sctJes graduated in 1 KWths and
mjn.— 75 cts. For illustrated circulars address
E. O. SMiTK. Columbia, Pa. (Reference, the
Editors of this paper.)

1^^^H. &C. S. BRSMLEY,

COLLECTORS, RALEIGH, N. Y.

Fir.st-class Bird and Mammal Skins and Eggs,
Reptiles and Hatrachians both alive and in al-
cohol. Full data. Send stamp for price llsts-

We woultl advise every reader of tlie Oologist to avail themselve.s of the trulj'
great offer made ou the last page of thi.s months Oologist.

The writer spent a p(n'tion of nearl.y eveiy day, from Jane 1st until the close of
the Fair on the grounds, and can truthfully say that these photographic represen-
tations, which we have been so fortunate as to obtain for our subscribers, are by
far the best views of the great White Cit}' we have seen.

During the Fair si.xteen views equal to the ones in Portifolio No. 1 could not
have been purchased for less than 50 cents each and possibly not for double that
amount, while every reader of the Oologist can with coupon secure the entire 16
for only 10 cents.

The i6 Photographic views in Portfolio No. 1 are as follows:

Administration Building. Lapland Village. Chicago Daj', East View from Mac-
monnie's, Manufactures and Fisheries Buildings. Woman's Building, Art Palace,
Dahomey Cannibals. Goverimient Building. Golden Portal of Transportation
Building. The PeristA'le and Statue of the Republic. Manufactures Building fi-om
Court of Honor, Bird's-eye View of the Fair, Peristyle (Detail vieAv), Columbian
Fountain, and Saraoan Girls.

In the last mentioned view our readers will note the heavj'' necklace about the
necks of the rejjresentatiA^e belles of Samoa, these were made of bright i"ed cassia
beans which we are highly suspicious came from our store. In this same village
was shown a Samoan's l)oat ti'immed or decorated with Tiger Cowries (C?//)r«ffl
tigris) sheWn. Avhich by the way were also furnished from the stock of F. H.L.&Co.

We want eveiy reader of the Oologist to see Portfolio No. 1. whether they con-
clude to take the following parts as issued or not and in ordei' to place No. 1 in
their hands we m#ke the following propositions:

1st. Send us by an early mail 10c. and coupon for Portfolio No. 1.

2d. If, upon examination \n\\ are not more than pleased with it and do not con-
sider it fully all we claim for it and in fact worth many times its cost you can

8d Wrap it up and remail to us and we Avill not only refund your 10 cents, but
will also enclose an additional dime for vour trouble.

Faithfully, F. H. LATTIN & CO.

TLJ I Q r\ C\ I O r^ I Q "P ^'^^ mailed subscribers on Jan. 23d. Februarj' number
n»0 V-'V-ZL-^^VJIOI will be mailed Feb. 5th. If you wish to catch it, send in
your notices at once. If yoti have ordered the Oologist discontinued since the Holidays, you will
doubtless receive January number— but no future ones. The wrappers for January were address-
ed during holiday Season.

The OoLOGiST.

VOL. XI.

ALBION, N. Y., JAN., 1894.

NO. 1

Raptores of Michigan.

(seventh paper )

By Scolopax.

ScKEEcn Owl; Mottled Owl; Red
Owl, Megaseops asio. This is one of
our cominon owls, :iud many claim it
is otir most abnoiiaut representative of
the famil}'. The Red and Mottled Owls
were at one time considered as distinct
species; at a later period the red phase
was allowed to be the immature plu-
mage of the gray-coated inrd. It is now
generally' admitted that the two are of
a single species, and the subject of var-
iations in color has been thoroughly
studied of late A paper in the Amer-
ican Naturalist, Vol. XVII, p. r)2\, 1893,
gives the results of thorough study and
much research by E. M. Hasbrouck.
This study on the 'Evolution and Di-.
chromatism of the Genus Megaseops' is
a very interesting paper, and those in-
terested in the conditions which bring
about variations in a species will be
much pleased with the publication.
There are maps and charts indicating
the points where the red owls are
alone found, where the gray owl is
found and where they merge.

The Screech Owl, and he well de-
.serves his name, is very generally dis-
tril)uted and everyone who has col-
lected for any length of time has met
with it. This bird can see plainly dur-
ing the day, or at least well enough to
readily escape from its pursuers when
it is abroad. But generally it remains
near to its home of the year, to which
it seems much attached, and keeps in
concealment dui'ing daylight, issuing at
night to whine, screech and moan iu
the most remarkable and mysterious
manner. This song or .series of notes

is more commonly uttered in the nest-
ing season, but it is also heard in the
summer, autumn and even winter, and
many a camper and inexperienced
hunter has been badly frightened by
the sounds.

A though this Owl is so well known
the collectors do not appear to have
had great success with nest hunting.
Covert says that this Owl nests inVVash-
tenaw county. A. E. Chambers found
a nest in Kalamazoo county containing
five eggs. This was in early May, 1878.
A -^hallow cavity held the fresh eggs
which Avere within four inches of the
entrance. The tree was a dead ash
stub eighteen inches in diameter at the
base. The cavity was nine feet from
the ground and was entered by a rude
hole in the side of the trunk. The nest
was composed of a tery few feathers.

On two occasions when the spot was
visited the old bird seemed loth to
leave the cavity but when she took
flight quickly disappeared and did not
seem at all concerned. The eggs some-
what resembled those of the Kingfisher.

My friend Richard Westuedge gives
me the following notes on nestings tak-
en near Kalamazoo:

One nest in a large oak about 25 feet
up. Entrance to hollow about five
inches in diameter. Cavity contained
the remains of a Bluebird and two
Blackbirds. The five eggs, resting on
rotten chips at bottom of hollow, were
incubated a week or ten days. The
date was April 17, 1890.

On May 13 of the same year he found
another nest containing six well-grown
i)ir(ls. This cavity, evidently an old
Woodpecker's nest, was at a height of
ten feet. There was a Golden-winged
Woodpecker's hole six feet above in the
same stub which held seven eggs.

On May 7, 1892, he secured three bad-

THE OOLOGIST.

ly incubated eggs from a cavity twenty
feet up iu a dead black ash.

Mr. Willhehii found the followiug
nests: One on M^y 15, 1887, coutaiu-
iug live young, nearly covered with
feathei'S. In cavity in large oak near
Kalamazoo, Mich.

On April 27, 1892, five eggs wei'e
taken from a cavity in a small dead
beech.

A young Screech Owl which he took
from the nest in the gray pin-feather
plumage soon took on the red plumage.
This Owl became quite a pet. Once a
boy stole it from its cage and carried dt
fully a hundred rods away. After sev-
ei'al days it escaped and at once i-e-
turned to its rightful mother.

Great Horned Owl, Bubo virgin-
ianus (Gmel.) Also known as big
Cat Owl and Hoot Owl. The name Cat
Owl is also applied to other species and
is, from the resemblance of tha eyes
and tufts of feathers to the cat's head.
Some ignorant ceuntry people believe
that Cat Owls bear their young alive,
and I have been repeatedly informed of
this remarkable condition by unobserv-
ant falsifiers. Hoot Owl is a name ap-
plied to both this species as well as the
Barred Owl.

The song, if we may call it so, of the
Great Horned Owl is a repeated hoot.
This note is not usually given more
than four times at a period, and or-
dinarially only three times, as 'hoot hoot
hoot.'' Often the notes are given but
twice and at times only a single hoot is
issued. Though called hoots I prefer
to pronounce the noise '■who\ as the
note certainly has not sound in it.

The song of this Owl, ivho who ivho,
as it is generally uttered in the silence
of the night is eniirely different from
the longer and more varied effort of the
Barred Owl, though both are sonoi'ous
and sepulchral in tone. The Great
Horned generally gives a who then
skips a beat and then two whos in suc-
cession and quicker. This description

may be of slight advantage to those wha
are not versed in bird notes, but I am
satisfied that all -Owl observers can
catch my meaning. When iour whos
are given th- last two are alone uttered
quickly, and generally when only two
notes are given thej' are issued deliber-
ately.

The Barred Owl's notes are a series
of whos, generally four or five, with the
last one long drawn out rising and fall-
ing and with a gutteral chuckle in it.
It may be readily I'ecoguized from this
description.

The Horned Owl is the most power-
ful night prowler that we have. It is
also cunning, and bold when necessity
demands. As a resident it defies our
coldest winfer weather, and lays its
eggs when most of Michigan's birds are
still at the south.

It is said that the Snowy Owls and
many other species of northern birds
are driven south by the cold weather.
I have never credited the theory of cold
weather migrations as applied to the
Snowy Owl, though it may be true. If
it is so, I can attest to the superior
ability of the Great Horned to with-
stand severe weather, for one reason
Avhen the Snowy Owls of the north
were here in force and were reported
from all over the country, our Horned
Owls nested as usual in February.
That 3'ear,I believe it was '78, eggs were
taken on the eighteenth of Februai'y,
and after this date the mercury went
below zero several times. I have not a
doubt but that young Horned Owls
were hatched long l^efore the Snowies
thought of returning to their northern
hoir.es.

The eai'liest that Horned Owl's eggs
have been taken hereabouts is Febru-
ary twelfth, while the biids nearly all
lay their eggs before March tenth. In
fact it is an unusual occurence to se-
cure fresh eggs after early March.

Way back in the centennial year the
collectors of this city began collecting

THE OOLUGIST.

9

Owls' eggs. There were seven or eiglit
collectors in our j)lace at lliat time,
and two, B F. Sjkes and Dennis Kolan,
soon developed into excellent climbers
with the irons. Together with the_4iid
of F. H. Chapin tliej' gathered tv.elve
to fifteen complete sets of eggs within a
few years and found many nests of
young.

Then came other collectors; a new
generation as we may say. For the last
few years Dick and Joe Westuedge,
George Judson and Kib. Willhelm ha\e
attended to the collecting of the Owls'
and early Hawks' nests. There are
other collectors who have dipped into
this dangerous and difficult class of
collecting, but they quickly dropped it
after one season's work. The pe-
cuniary remuneration is in no wise suf-
ficient to tempt one to follow the busi-
ness, and if one is not thoroughly in
earnest as a collector he soon gives it
up.

It would be difficult to hunt up the data
of all the sets of Hoots taken in this(Kal-
amazoo) county, but a few of the more
recent records are presented. The sites
for the eggs must be located in January
or early February and the birds watch-
ed. It was a common thing for Sykes
to go collecting for Hoots' eggs when
the snow was a foot or more deep in
the woods and he has told me that he
has found thi'ee or four inches of snow
accumulated on the edges of those
nests built in exposed situations.

Mr. VVestnedge hands me the follow-
ing notes on the nesting of this species,
and in addition to these notes be has
found nine instances where the young
had already hatched.

In 1891 he secured a single set of
three fresh eggs from a hollow in a
large red oak in dense woods. The
hollow was thirty feet from the ground
and the date was Feb. 28th.

In 1892 he secured two sets of three
on Feb. 20th. One set, fresh, was in a
hollow maple about 25 feet up and at

the edge of the timber. The other set,
advane«>d in incubation, was in an' old
Crow's nest 35 feet up and in open
woods. This nest had no lining.

In 1893 he found four nests with eggs.
On Feb. 20th a set of two incubated
eggs in a < avity 50 feet from the ground
in a large elm in heavy timber.

March 11th a set of tAvo fresh eggs in
old nest GO feet from the ground in a
beech in heavy timber. This nest was
lined with leaves and a lot of feathers.

March 22nd, a nest in oak 30 feet up
in dense forest. Held a single egg.

March 30th. A set of three about
ready t(j hatch. Eggs in an old Hawk's
nest about 50 feet up. Isest well lined.

Mr. Sykes informs me that he has
taken five complete sets of eggs, Avith
only two in each nest. Of these nests
three weie in hollows and two were the
old nests of Buzzard Hawks. He also-
found several nests of young: He says
the eggs are about as often laid in cav-
ities as in nests of Crows and HaAvks.

K. 11. Willhelm who has taken a num-
ber of sets of eggs of two and thiee,
has only found a fcAv nests of the Great
Horned Owl in holloAvs.

These notes of capture are very in-
teresting to collectors. It will be seen
that Mr. Willhelm found young birds in
his first six nests and his work went
for naught from 1886 to 1889 in this
line. But although he was so unlucky
in April and Maj' of these years he was
so fortunate as to take sixteen eggs in
February and March, 1890 to '92 in-
clusive. This clearly shows that Feb-
ruary is the month for Horned Owls*^
nests. Mr. Westnedge was very suc-
Cfssful in securing nine eggs from his
first three sets.

The note of j'oungbiixls found on Feb.
23d is a remarkable one. Reasoning
that this OAvl sets three Aveeks it neces-
sarillj' folloAvs that the first egg in this
nest was laid on the twentieth of Janu-
ary or a little later.

Mr. Willhelm's notes on the Great

10

THE OOLOGIST.

Horned Owls' nests in Kalamazoo coun-
ty, unless stated otherwise:

April 27, 1886. Ne-it in large ash
about 60 feet up, containing two young
birds nearly I'eady to leave. Parts of
moles and feathers of partridge in nest.

Apr. 9, '88. Nest iii large oak near
lake. Three young birds about two
weeks old.

Apr. 24, '88. Nest in cavity of large
elm at Parkville, St. Joseph Co. Two
young birds in down. Chicken feathers
numerous in cavity.

Apr. 2, 'b9. Lai'ge nest in top of oak.
Two young birds. Remains of two
Robins and one rabbit. Ne3t nicely
lined with leaves and Owl's feathers.

Apr. 4, '8). Ntst m large ash in
•swamp. Two birds nearly rea'lj^ to
leave nest.

May 5, '89. Nest iu large oak. Woods
near brook. Two young Inrds silting
on edge of nest.

Feb. 25, 189J. Nest of a few sticks
and dead leaves, in large bass-wood iu
deep woods, fvvo eggs, advanced iu
iucubatiou.

Feb. 26, '90. Large nest iu top of
o.ik. Nieelj' lined with owl's feathers.
Three eggs; fi'esh.

March 1. '90, Nest in large oak, in
woods. Two eggs; nearly fresh.

Feb. 21, 91. Nest iu oak; nearly hid-
den from view. Two eggs; incubation
advanced.

Feb. 28. '91. Two eg^s; nearly fresh.
Large sycamore in woods. Nicely lined
•with corn husks and owl's feathers.

Feb. 23, '91. Two young birds in
<down; cavity of oak. Nest a rather,
deep cavity in decayed wood; dead
leaves and owl's feathers.

Feb. 23, 1892. Two eggs, from nest
in large elm. Advanced in incubation.
Nest nicely lined with moss and feath-
ers.

Feb. 26, 1893. Three eggs, fresh.
Nest in cavity of dead beech. Martin,
Allegan Co., Partridge feathers and re-
mains ot rabbit in cavitj'.

I have reail two or three times that
the Owls and Red-tailed Havvks often
occupied the saui3 nest in turn each
season. This is nonsense; for if the
Owl's eggs were laid Feb.20.th the young
would not leave the nest beforeMay 1st,
if as soon as that. This would hardly
meet the requirements of the Hawk.

The Horned Owl is an excellent pro-
vider for his young and the variety of
game and poultry which is brought in
shows this marauder to be a pest in the
neighborhood .

My friend Willhelm had two Horned
Owls which he took alive from the nest
when they were half size and in the,
half downy plumage. He kept Ihiem
from year to year in a pen in the yard.
They never seemed to suffer from the
cold and generally seemed contented.
In the early spi'ing months they were
slightly restless, but refnseil to con-
struct a nest and lay, although material
for a nest was given them. Meat and
fish was their entire food and the num-
ber of bodies of skinned birds ■which
they have devoured is past belief.

These Owls, raised from the nest in
confinement, never had a chance to
search for food, or to roam at liberty,
and yet, although they were gentle and
enjoyed being stroked, and emited glad
cries at the sight of their master, still
they poossessed the traits of ferocity
and only vaited an opportunity to
show theii" true disposititons.

The chance came one night when es-
cape was possible. Instead of tlj'ing to
the woods they immediately entered a
neighbors hen roost less than sixty rods
distant whei'e they mangled and killed
twelve to fifteen chickens, oue being a
game cock, in a short time.

On hearing the uproar the owner of
the hen House appeared and slew the
male and closed the door on the fe-
male*. And now this savage bird is

* Mr. Willhelm says he i.s not sure that the
birds were male and female and is inclined to
think tnat they were both males, foimdinf; his
belief on the fact that both birds hooted at
times.

THE OOLOGIST.

11

ajjaia behind the bars, literally in soli-
tary conHuemeut for her evil deeds.
She seems discouteateci since the loss of
her smaller male, and s.ympathy may
be expressed for the lonely Owl. How-
ever it is a questioii if the city raised
Owl could get her living in the wild
woods after three years of inactivity
and never having received a parent's
instruction in the art of hunting. It
is barely possible, after the exhibition
recorded above, that this Owl might
learu in a short time. Therefore, as the
owner does not want to pay for neigh-
borhood poultr3% aud dislikes to kill
the old pet, it I'cmains necessaiy to
keep Bubo in the solitai-y.

A Collecting Trip in Florida.

Leon Co., Fla. is thickly dotted with
lakes and swamps. In about the cen-
ter of the county, not far from Talla-
hassee, is a large cypress swamp nearly
surrounded by lakes. This is indeed a
collector's paradise I

It was to this place that my father,
brother and I went, one beautful morn-
ing early in June, to collect eggs and
skins of of the Little Blue Heron, which
we heard were to be taken in abund-
ance. We carried a No. ten duck gun
aud a large market basket, in which to
bring liome the spoils.

Before reaching the swamp we were
obliged to pass over a narrow piece of
of land between twp of the lakes and
here in the bushes growing in the edges
of the lakes we took three nests of the
Red-winged Blacklnrd. These nests
were composed of straw and wet marsh
grass, which afterwards dries, holding
the parts firmly together. A set of
thi'ee eggs in my collection averages
.95X.73 inches and are greenish white
marked mostly on the larger end with
stragg)ing splashes p.nd scrolls of black.

In a stunted cypress growing near
the bank, we found an incomplete set
of three eggs of the Orchard Oriole.

The nest was composed of grass and a
few small pieces of cotton. The grass
of which the nest was woven seems to
have been procured while young and,
although it is now three years old, still
retains its green color. The eggs were
greenish aud marked very much like
those of the Red-wings, averaging
.75X.54.

A Loggerhead Shrikes nest was found
which contained five eggs.

Proceeding on our way we found
eggs of the Kingbird. Mockingbird and
Fla. Bob-white. As we drew nearer to
the swamp several species of Heron
arose and directed their course toward
its centre.

We arrived at the edge of the water
which stood about waist deep among
the cypresses in the swamp, and pre-
pki'ed to wade in. Evei'ything was
deathly still excepting the dog-like
barki g of the Herons and the hoarse
croaking of the frogs. We had not ad-
vanced far imtil we came upon two
nests of the Green Heron, one with
four, the other with three beautiful
green eggs. Still guided by the cries
of the birds we waded through the mud
and water, until in a short time we were
in the midst of a colony of "cranes."
By this intrusion we disturbed hun-
dreds of birds, which I'ose a short dis-
tance in the air, tiew in wider aud wid-
er circles, and then moved a short dis-
tance from the spot. Then we looked
around us. The water was covered
with water lilies and their foliage, or
"bonnets" as they are called in Florida,
while the trees above us, very thick,
cont lined three or four nests each,
were heavily draped with Spanish
Moss, which made it rather gloomy be-
neath. The nests were chiefly those of
the Little Blue Heron, Black-crowned
Night Hei'on and Anhinga, while on
the outskirts of the Colony were nests
of the Green Heron and Grackle.

The nests of the Little Blue, as well
as those of the Green Heron, were light

V2

THE OOLOGIST

structures, composed of dry sticks
placed so loosely as to admit light
through them; in fact we rarely climbed
to a nest without first having seen eggs
ill it from below. The adult bird is of
a dark blue color. They do not attain
this plumage until the third year, being
pure Avhite when young. We saw
many birds half blue and half white
most probably about two years old,
which we then mistook for hybrids of
the Little Blue and Snowy species.

The eggs are uniformly light blue,
about 1.70x1.30.

We found thirteen nests of the An-
hinga. I believe these birds ai'e not in
the habit of building a new nest each
year, but simplv adding to the old
one, so that in the course of two or
three seasons the nest becomes a very
dirty, as well as a bulky affair. The
eggs are a dirty chalky color, which
when scraped off, discloses a beautiful
blue, they are usually four, rarely
five in number. On account of the
shyness of these birds we were uuable
to shoot any.

Hearing a whirr of wings we looked
up and saw a deck of birds llying, like
geose, in a V. We fired into the drove
and brought down three fine ones,
which proved to be White Ibises, two
males and a female. As far as I was
able to learn these birds did not breed
in that section.

We had now a good load: upwards
of one hundred eggs,a number of birds,
and seven young live Herons — little
beauties. It was getting very da.ik
underneath the thick foliage overhead,
so we started home where we reached
about 9 p. m. tired and dirty.

The young Herons remained with us
about a week, feeding with the chick-
ens, then wandered off and we never
saw them afterwards.

W. H. Deadrick,
Clarksville, Tenn-

The Oologist.

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to

OOLOGY AND OKNITHOLOGY.

F. H. LATTIN, & CO., Publishers-
ALBION, N. Y.

FRANK H. LATTIN, WALTER F. WEBB,
Editors.

correspondence and items of interest to tn©
student of Birds, tlielr Nests and Eggs, solicited
from all.

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eWTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT ALBION, N. Y., AS SECOND-OUASS U<iyi^.

"Birds of Western New York."

Mr. Ernest H. Short of Chili, N. Y.
writes us as follows:

I have received a number of inquiries
as to where, and at what price my re-
cently published list of the Birds of
Western New York could be jn-ocured;
I hereby announce that upon receipt of
10 cents in stamps I will ma 1 a copy to
any address.

THE OOLOGJST.

13

Western Warbling Virao.

This active little bird is quite com-
mon in Bentou County, Oregon. I
think this is the same as the eastern
Warbling Vireo, only it has not paid so
much attention to dress since it came
west and its coat has turned paler, but
I do not think that is any reason why
ornithologists should say it is not like
its brothers and sisters in the east. To
me it is one of the most iuteresting spe-
cies. It is a great pleasure to sit on
the mossy bank of a stream in a maple
wood under the wide spreading branches
of a tree, with the June sun making lit-
tle spots of gold where it breaks through
the branches and nothing breaks the
silence but the songs of the birds min-
gled with the rippling of the Avater as
it dances over a fallen limb or stone.
As one looks up througli the bright
green foliage, he sees something to
complete his enjoyment. It is a Warb-
ling Vireo, flitting through the branch-
es, warbling its exquisite little melod^^
as it peeps under the leaves and limbs
for insects. If one will keep his eyes
on it he will presently see it with some-
thing in its bill. It will Hit from limb
to limb till it comes to its nest and then
it will quickly deposit the material that
it has gathered. Then it flits away
again in the same fashion. If you fail
to locate the nest and do not see what
it did with the material watch it agiin.
It will soon bring more material for its
nest and j'ou will be more apt to find
the nest than you were the first time,
for you will know about where it is. If
you watch it closely the first time, you
will rarely have to watch it the second.
Most birds are very shy when thpy are
building, and when one does see them
with material for their nests, they fly
80 far that one cannot keep track of
them.

This Vireo is not at all shy and will
come quite close without seeming to
notice one, but when it is disturbed it

will set up a c/t-ec and it will some times
follow one repeating ch-ce over and
over. I once watched a Vireo go to its
nest, or rather what looked like a fork-
ed limb with a spider's web on it. At
first I thought the bird had gone there
to get some of the web for'her nest, but
she worked at it a moment and flew
away without it. In a little while she
returned with something in her bill and
left it there. I concluded that I would
visit that spider's web again, which I
did in twelve days, but instead of a
spider's web there was a nice nest
which contained three slightly incubat-
ed eggs. I have found a good many
nests of this species and all of them
but two were found hy watching the
birds go to them. I have found three
nests, in maple shade trees in town.
One of them was about ten feet from
the ground and was directly over a
public side-walk where people fre-
quently passed. I have also found
them in (he deejj forest far from the
habitation of man.

J think the best time to look for eggs
is the middle of June or a little earlier.
The nest is made of cow hair, bits of
paper, strips of grass, bits of yellow-
jackets nests and any soft cottony sub-
stance that the bird can get. It is lin-
ed with fine round grass and is nearly
always placed on the lower limb of a
maple, fi'om six to twenty-five feet from
the ground. It is hung to a fork about
the size of those used by boys for sling-
shots. The eggs are pure white, spar-
ingly spotted around the larger
end with several shades of bi'own
varying from dark ' to reddish-
brown. Spots are sometimes scattered
over the entire surface becoming thiner
and smaller as they near the smaller
end. The number of eggs in a set is
usually four. I have only found one
set of three and none of five. A set
measures .74x 54, .74x.53, .75x.56, .73x
.53. Wade H. Pipes,

Sunny View, Oregon.

14

THE O0J.O(i;ST

Prize Contests-

The "best article'' and "Judges" con-
tests wtiich have proven so popular
during the past two 3'ears will Ibe con-
tinued through 1894. The scheme will,
however, be changed and the winners
can have CASil, supplies or specimens
as thej may prefer in place of a 'set' list
of prizes as heretofore.

Full particulars next month. Send
in your mss. (not to lengthy) and votes
early and monthly. The effort will
amply repay you and if you stick to it
you will surely secure valuable prizes
which you may consider a more accep-
table form of remuneration.

Publishers of The Oologist.

A Wilson Ornithological Chapter of the A- A-

The December election of officers i-e-
sulted as follows: President, Willard N.
Clute, Binghamton, N. Y.; vice pres.,
Reuben M. Strong, Oberlin, O.; sec.,
William B. Caulk, Terre Haute, Ind.;
treas., Lynds Jones, Oberlin, O.

The Chapter is in a very flourishing
condition with seventy-three active,
four honor'Bry and thirty-one associate
members. The members have devoted
the past year to a special study of the
Warblers, and the forthcoming report
promises to make a very interesting
paper. Any information regarding the
Chapter will be cheerfully furnished by
the secretary.

A new would be patron desires a
''cattlt-lougue and sample copy of the
Olegouse."

I have taken the Oologist ever since
it was born and could not get along
without it. Yours truly,

VERDI BURTCH, Branchport, N. Y.

"Summer Birds of Greene County, Penna.''

At our request Mr. J. Warren Jacobs
of Waynesburg. Pa. informs us that he
can spare a few copies of this valuable
booklet at 30 cents per copy.

THE OOLOGISTS EXHIBIT OF BIRDS EGGS

AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN

EXPOSITION.

The Exhihitors and the Sets They Exhibited-

No. 1 F. H. Andrus. Elkton, Ore.

Sets No. 232, 450, 469, 51(5, 574.

2 Rollo Beck, Berryessa, Calif.

361, 367, 531.

3 W. E. Bradford, Mayfield, Ky.

338, 472, 541, 663, 584.

4 H. Gordon Ball, Niagara, Ont.

586.

5 Verdi Burtch, Branchport, N. Y.

3.

6 E. J. Botsford, Medina N. Y.

294. 507.

7 J. R. Crague, Minnewaukan. N. D.

46.

8 Grier Campbell, Milburn, N. J.

238, 471.

9 C. H. Evans, Townshend, Vt.

318.

10 J. L. Davison, Lockport, N. Y.

54^.

11 J. P. Feagler, Waterloo, lud.

284.

12 H. G. Hoskin, Beloit, Colo.

358, 487.

13 Ellis F. Hadly, Dayton, Ore.

212, 311, 312, 426, 448, 466. 619.

14 W. C John.son, Center Rutland, Vt.

403, 439, 468, 502.

15 A. E. Kibbe, Mayville. N. Y.

536, 540.

16 Chas. R. Keyes, Mt. Vernon, la.

146. 239, 250. 478.

17 John Larsen, Chicago, 111.

135, 593.

18 F. Theo. Miller, Lancaster, C.H.Va-

261, 273.

19 R. B. McLaughlin, Statesville, N. C.

512.

20 W. H. Olnev, Poland, O.

167, 174, 197, 238, 298, 663, 399.

21 A. L. Pope, McMinnville, Ore.

192, 198, 369, 455, 666, 475, 519,
595.

22 Wm E. Pierce, St. Johnsbury, Vt.

353.

23 Frank H. Shoemaker, Hampton la.

205.

24 J. M. Swain, E. Wilton, Me.

168, 240, 506, 527, 529. 532, 537.

25 A. L. Stevens, Northampton, Mass.

1S4.

26 Percy A. Smith, Lyndonville. N. Y.

313,

27 W. A. Strong, Tulare, Calif.

407, 508.

28 Ed. Van Winkle, Van'sHarbor,Mich.

41-45, 51, 52.

THE OOLOGIST.

15

29 H. W. IsaiK-s. Niagara Falls. N. Y.

83, 103, 163. 258, 315, 376, 491, 525.

30 Fred Jones, Martiu's Fei'ry, O.

9, 53. 1-26, 133. 150, 151, 162, 287,
289, 323. 437. 456. 554, 591 .

31 P. B. Peahorlv. Ouatonna. Miun.

136. 249. 344, 345, 486. 514. 60ti.

32 W. 8. FergusoD, Walla Walla. Wash.

359.

33 B. S. Bowdish, Phelps N. Y.

161, 341. 417. 419, 496, 510.

34 Clarern-e Tivuhnltz, Pet aluma, Calif.

16. 194, 310, 371

35 W. I. C'lmstock, Noiwalk, Conn.

253, 331, 467, 4'^9, 549, 551.

36 F. M Riehanls, Farmiugton, Me.

434. 528, 533. 5S8.

37 E. E. Johnson, Lewiston, Me.

329. 458, 543.

38 F. H. Nutter,Minneapolis, Minn.

165, 276.

39 W. A. Davidson, Detroit, Mich.

286.

40 T. O Pearson, Guilford College,N.C.

49, 122, 145, 283, 320, 377. 420, 509,
590, 555.

41 A. R. Ogdeu, Broctou, N. Y.

128.
43 H. H. & C. S Brimlev.Raleigh.N.C.
158, 461, 462, 535, 538, 552, 569.

43 Jas. A. LYOU,Jr. Clarksville, Tenu.

229, 232!

44 H. B. Stabler, Sandy Spring. Md.

235

45 F. C. Willard, Galesburg, 111.

347. 427.

46 J. H. Langille, Kensington, Md.

319.

47 B. O. Longvear, Mason, Mich.

348, 400, 526, 545.

48 R P. Gillespie, Starkville, Miss,

248, 482.

49 J. E. Houseman. Avlmer, Out.

243, 247. 618

50 Harvey Hall, Riverside, Calif.

307, 550, 596.

51 F. A. Schneider.CoUege Park, Calif.

12. 15, 18, 20-30, 39, 95, 108, 109,
110, 568.

52 T. A. Smithwick. Walke. N. C.

503, 513, 520. 524. 534, 582,594.607.

53 J. S. & A Pvfev, Odell, Neb.

170, 188, 237, 4<.t7.

54 W. C. Peltou, Dickinson, S. D.

266, 564.

55 Ralph Arnold. Pasadena, Calif.

257. 457, 492, 573.

56 StephenRozvcki, Washington, D. C.

183, 324. 343. 474.

57 Chas. E. Husk. Shabbona, 111.

362,' 415.

58 B. G. Boyd, Mayfield, Kv.

330, 539, 548, .583.

59 Ij. W. Nichols, Somonauk, 111.

5, 142, 153. 159, 182. 228, 244, 252,
275, 295, 296, 333, 363, 406, 414,
429, 430, 432, 441, 444, 664, 451,
452, 470. 515, 562. 566, 571. 669.

60 V. F. L. Mueller, Milwaukee, Wis.

107, 137. 144. 342, 431, 433, 440,
443, 597.

61 W. S. Cobleigh, Canton, 111.

160. 297, 354.

62 Frank B. Eastman, Easton, Md.

272. 292, 378.

63 W. J. B. Williams, Holland Pat'tX.Y'.

306.

64 F. V. Pliiunev, Ft. Scott, Kan.

193.

65 R. A. Campbell, Hanover, N. H.

6, 32, 61, 251, 310, 651, 657, 346,
521, .523, 587.

66 D. S. Musser, Anderson, Ind.

13, 14, 19, 34. 36. 38, 56, 80,84, 106,
110. Ill, 114, 207.

67 D. C Bigford. Cliieago, 111.

351. 355.

68 D. Biggar, Fulton, Wis.

4

69 J. S. Griffing Cutchogue, N. Y.

465.

70 Chester Irvine, Geoi'getown, Tex.

267.

71 W. H. Osgood, San Jo<e, Calif.

259. 360, 560, 599. 608. 609.

72 Horace A. Ga3'lord, Pasailena, Calif.

274. 332, 662, 652, 655, 656, 504,565,
603.

73 H. R. Paintou, College Park, Calif.

589, 592.

74 C. A. Proctor, Hanover, N. H.

119, 195, 668. 368. 370, 572. 438,567.

75 H. D. Watts. Comptou, Calif.

365, 473, 542. 561. 572.

76 W. H. Parker, Salt LakeCity.Utah.

661.

77 Ernest H. Short. Chili. N. Y.

546.

The Exhibit.
Sets No. 1-2 St. Dominaro Grebe. 1-5
1-5. Exhibited by F. H. L. & Co.

3 Pied-billed Grebe, 1-7, No. 5.

4 Horned Grebe. 1-7. No. 68.

5-6 Loon. 1-2. No. .59; 1-2, No. 6.'..
7-8 Black-throated Loon. 1-2, 1-2. F.

H. L. & Co.
9 Red-throated Loon. 1-2, No. 30.
10-11 Large-billed Puffin. 2-1. F. H.

L. & Co.
12-13 Tufted Puffin, 1-1, No. 51; 1-1,

No. 66.

14 Puffin. 1-1, No. (i6

15 16 Cassin's Anklet, M, No. 51; 1-1,
N.v 34.

17 Bhu'k Guillemot, 1-1. F. H. h.<Sc Co.
18-19 Pigeon Guillemot, 1-2. No. 51;

1-2, No. 86.
20 30 California Murre, 11-1, No. 51.

16

THE OOLOGIST.

31 Great Auk (Cast), 1-1, F. H. L.&Co.

32 Parasitic Jaeger, 1-2, No. (55

33 Long-tailed Jaearer, 1-2,F.H.L &C().

34 Kittiwake. 1-3, No. 06.

35 Glaucous Gull, 1-3, F. H. L. & Co.

36 Great Black-backed Gull, l-3,No.66.

37 Iceland Gull, 1-3, F. H. L. & Co.
38-39 Western Gull, 1-2, No. 66; 1-3

No. 51.
40 Herring Gull, 1-3, F. H. L. & Co.
41-45 American Herring Gull 5-3, No. 28
46 Ring-billed Gull, 1-3, No. 7.
47-48 Mew Gull, 1-2, 1-2, F. H. L.& Co.

49 Laughing Gull, 1-3, No. 40.

50 Franklins Gull, 1-B, F. H. L. & Co.
51-52 Caspian Tern, 1-3, 1 3, No. 28.
53 Royal Tern. 1-2, No. 30.

54-55 Cabot's Tern, 1-3, 1-3,F.H. L.&Co.

56 Forster's Tern, 1-3, No 66.

57 Common Tern, 1-3, F. H. L. & Co.
58-59 Arctic Tern, 2-3, F. H. L. & Co.

60 Roseate Tern, 1-3, F. H. L. & Co.

61 Least Tern, 1-3, No. 65.

62-67 Sooty Tern, 6-1, F. K. L. & Co.
68-73 Bridled Tern, 6-1, F. H. L. & Co.
74-79 Noddy Tern, 6-1, F. H. L. & Co.

80 Gull-billed Tern, 1-3, No. 66.

81 Black Tern, 1-4, F. H. L. & Co.

82 Yellow-nosed Albatross, 1-1, F. H.
L. & Co.

83 Wandering Albatross, 1-1, No. 29.

84 Black Skimmer, 1-4, No. 66.
85-86 Fulmar, 2-1, F. H. L. & Co.
87-88 Manx Shearwater, 2-1, F. H. L.

& Co.
89-90 Audubon's Shearwater, 2-1, F.

H. L. & Co.
91 Stormy Petrel, 1-1, F. H. L. & Co.
92-94 Leach's Petrel, 3-1, F. H. L.&Co.
95 Ashy Petrel, 1-1. No. 51.
96-98 Gannet, 3-1, F. H. L. & Co.
99-102 Booby, 4-1. F. H. L& Co.
103-105 Yellow-billed Tropic Bird, 1-1 ,

No. 29; 2-1, F. H. L. & Co.
106 Double-crested Cormoi'ant, 1-3,

No. 66.
107-108 Farralone Cormorant, 1-4, No.

60; 1-5, No. 51.

109 Brandt's Cormorant, 1-4, No. 51.

110 Baird's Cormorant 1-5, No. 51, 1-2,
No. 66.

111 Cormorant, 1-2. No. 66.

112-113 American White Pelican, 1-2,

1-3, F. H. L. & Co.
114 Brown Pelican, 1-3, No. 66.
115-116 Man-o'-War Bird, 2-1, F. H. L.
621 HoodedMergauser,l-4,F.H L &Co.

& Co.

117 Shoveler, 1-6, F. H. L. & Co.

118 Widgeon, 1-7, F. H. L. & Co.

119 Canvas-back, 1-9, No. 74.

120 Gadwall, 1-7, F. H. L. & Co.

121 Barrow's Golden-eye, 1-7, F. H. L.
&Co.

122 Wood Duck. 1-13, No. 40.

123 Northern Eider, 1-5, F. H. L. &Co.

124 European Teal, 1-7, F. H. L. &Co.

125 Cinnamon Teal, 1-11. F. H. L.&Co.

126 Blue-winged Teal, 1-8, No. 30.

127 Canada Goose, 1-5, F. H. L. & Co.
128-129 American flamingo, 1-1, No. 41

11, F. H. L. &Co.
130-131 Wood Ibi.s. 2-4, F. H. L. & Co.

132 White-faced Glossy Ibis, 1-4, F. H.
L. & Co.

133 White Ibis, 1-3, No. 30.

134 American Bittern, 1-4, No. 25.

135 Least Bittern, 1-6, No. 17.
136-187 Great Blue Heron, 1-5, No. 31;

1-5, No. 60.
138 Great White Heron, 1-3, F. H. L.

& Co.
139-140 Reddish Egret, 1-2, 1-4, F. H.

L. & Co.

141 European Blue Heron, 1-3, F. H.
L. & Co.

142 Snowy Heron, 1-4. No. 59.

143 American Egret, 1-3, F. H. L.&Co.

144 Louisiana Heron, 1-3, No. 60.

145 Little Blue Heron, 1-5, No. 40.

146 Green Heron, J -6, No. 16.
147-148 Black-crowned Night Heron,

1-5, 1-5, F. H. L. & Co.

149 Yellow-crowned Night Heron, 1-3,
F. H. L. & Co.

150 Limpkin, 1-6, No. 30.

151 Sandhill Crane, 1-2, No. 30.

152 Purple Gallinule, 1-4, F. H.L.&Co.
153-155 Florida Gallinule, 1-8, No. 59;

1-9, No. 5; 1-4, F. H. L. & Co.

156 European Coot, 1-8, F. H. L. &Co.

157 American Coot, 1-7, F. H. L. & Co.

158 Black Rail, 1-6, No. 42.

159-160 Sora Rail, n-6, No 59; l-12,No.
61.

161 Virginia Rail 1-11, No. 33.

162 Northern Phalarope, 1-4, No. 30.
163-164 Red Phalarope, 1-4, No. 29;l-2,

F. H. L. & Co.

165 American Woodcock, 1-3, No. 38.

166 Black-necked Stilt, 1-4. F. H. L.
& Co.

661 American Avoeet, 1 4, No. 76.

167 Spotted Sandpiper, 1-4, No. 20.
168-170 Bartramian Sandpiper, l-4,No.

24; 1-4, No. 53; 1-4, F. H. L. & Co.

171 European Snipe, 1-4, F. H. L.&Co.

172 Dunlin, 1-4, F. H. L. & Co.

173 Willet, 1-4, F. H. L. & Co.

174 Killdeer, 1-4, No. 20, 1-4, F. H. L.
& Co.

175 American Golden Plover, 1-2, F.
H L.&Co. Collected by R.McFarlane.

176-177 Golden Plover, 1-4, No. 59, 1-4,

F. H. L. & Co.
178-179 Long-billed Curlew, 2-4, F. H.

L. & Co.

THE OOLOGIST.

17

180-181 Lapwing, 2-4, F. H. L. & Co.

182 Snowy Plover, 1-3, No. 59.

183 Wilson's Plover. 1-3, No. 56.

184 Turn.stoue 1-4, F. H. L. & Co.

185 Whimbrel, 1-3, F. H. L ^t Co. ■
18(> Ameriean Avocet, 1-2, F.H.L.&Go.

187 Oyster-catcher, 1-3, F. H. L. & Co.

188 Bob-white. 1-20. No. 53.

189-iyO Florida Bob-white, 1-9, 1-14, F.
H. L. & Co.

191 Texan Bob-white, 1-13, F. H. L. &
Co.

192 Sooty Grouse, 1-9, No. 21 .
193-194 California Quail, 1-8, No. 04;

1-15. No. 34.
195 Vallev Partridge, 1-15, No. 74.
19G Chestnut-bellied Scaled Partridge,

1-8. F. H. L. & Co.

197 RutiR-fT Grouse, 1-8 and 1 hen. No.
20. This set of eight eggs, contained,
one egg of the Domestic Hen. The
nest was fotind near a farmhouse.

198 Oregon Ruffed Gron.se, 1-13, No. 21.
199-201 Willow Ptarmigan, 2-10, 1-11,

F. H. L. & Co.
202-203 Rock Ptarmigan, 1-5. 1-11, F.
H. L. & Co.

204 Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse,
1-8. F. H. L. & Co.

205 Prairie Hen, 1-15, No. 23.

206 Gray Ruft'ed Grouse. 1-7, F. H. L.
&Co.

207 Wild Turkey, 1-4, No. 66.
208-211 Chachalaca. 4-3, F. H. L. ckCo.
212-214 Red-billed Pigeon, 1-1, No. 13;

2-1. F. H. L & Co.
215-217 White-crowned Pigeon, 3-2, F.

H. L. & Co.
218 Passenger Pigeon, 1-1, F. H. L. &

Co.
219-222 \Vhite Avinged Dove, 4-2, F. H.

L &Co.
223-224 White-fronted Dove, 2-2, F. H,

L. it Co.
225-226 Mourning Dove, 2-2, F. H. L.

& Co .

227 Mexican Ground Dove, 3-2, F. H.
L. & Co.

228 Ground Dove, 1-2. No. 59.
229-231 Black Vulture, 1-2, No. 43; 2-2,

F. H. Lc^cCo.
232-235 Turkey Vulture, 1-2, No. 1;1 2,
l-2.No.43;l-2, No. 44. 1 2.F.H.L.& Co.

236 Mississiopi Kite. 1-2, F. H. L.&Co.

237 Marsh Hawk. 1-5. No. 53.
238-239 Cooper's Hawk, 1-4, No. 8; 1-5,

No. 16.
240 Sharp-shinned Hawk 1-3, No. 24
241-242 Harris's Hawk, 1-3, 1-4, F. H.

L. cV' Co.
243-244 Red-tailed Hawk, 1-4, No. 49:

1-4. No. .59.
245-246 Western Red-tail, 2-2, F. H. L.

& Co.

247 Red -shouldered HaAvk, 1-2, No. 49.

248 Florida Red-shouldered Hawk, 1-2,
No. 48.

249 Krider's Hawk, 1-2, No. 31.

250 Swainson's Hawk, 1-3, No. 16

251 Zone-tailed Hawk, 1-2, No. 65.
252-254 Broad-winged Hawk, 1-4, No.

59; 1-3, No. 35; 1-2, F. H L. & Co.
255-256 White-tailed Hawk. 2-2, F. H.

L. & Co.
069 Rongh-leg, 1-2, No. 59.
257 Ferruginous Rough-leg, 1-2, No.

55.
258-259 Golden Eagle. 1-2, No. 29; 1-1,
'No. 71. This was a runt egg, about

the size of a Red-shouldered Hawk.

Heavily blotched Quite spherical.

260 Gray Sea Eagle, 1-3, F. H. L. &Co.

261 Bald Eagle, 1-2, No. 18.
262-263 Kestrel, 2-5, F. H. L. & Co.

264 American Sparrow Hawk, 1-4, F.
H. L. &Co.

265 Desert Sparrow Hawk, 1-5, F. H
L. & Co.

266 Prairie Falcon, 1-3, No. 54.
267-271 Audubon's Caracara, 1-2, No.

70. A ver}^ odd marked set. 2-3, 2-4,

F. H. L. & Co.
272 273 American Osprev, 1-3, No. 62;

1-4. No. 18.
274 275 American Barn Owl, 1-6, No.

72; 1-4, No. 59.

276 American Long-eared Owl, 1-6,
No. 38.

277 Screech Owl, 1-3, F. H. L. & Co.

278 Florida Screech Owl, 1-4, F. H. L.
«feCo.

662 California Screech Owl, 1-5, No. 72
279-280 Texan Screech Owl, 2-4, F. H.
L & Co.

281 Keunicott's Screech Owl, 1-4, F.H.
L. & Co.

282 Barred Owl, 1-2, F H. L. & Co.

283 Florida Barred Owl, 1-2. No. 40.
284-285 Great Horned Owl, 1-3, No. 11;

1-3, F. H. L. &Co.

286 Saw-whet Owl, 1-5, No. 39.

287 Burrowing Owl, 1-9. No. 30.

288 Florida Burrowing Owl, 1-1, F. H.
L. & Co.

289-291 Road-runner, 1-7, No. 30; 1-4,

1-5, F. H. L & Co.
292-293 'Belted Kingfisher, 1-6, No. 62:

1-7, No. 20.
294-295 Black-billed Cuckoo, 1-4, No.

6. 1-5, No. 59.
296-297 Yellow-billed Cuckoo. 1-3, No.

59; 1-6, No. 61.
298 Downy Woodpecker, 1-4, No. 20.
299-300 Biiird's Woodpecker, 2-4, F. H.
L. cV: Co. One set contained a runt

egg-

18

i'HE OOLUGIST.

301-302 Hairy Woodpecker, 1-3, 1-4, F.

H. L. & Co.
303-304 Golden-fronted Woodpecker,

2-6, F. H. L. & Co.

305 Williamson's Sapsucker, 1-4 F. H.
L. & Co.

306 Yellow-bellied. Sapsaeker, 1-5, No.
03.

307 Nnttall's Woodpecker, 1-5, No. 50.

308 Red-bellied Woodpecker, 1-4, F.H.
L. & Co.

309 Pileated Woodpecker, 1-3, F. H. L.
&Co.

310 Lewis's Woodpecker, 1-7. No. 65.

311 Red-naped Sapsucker, 1-6. No. 13.

312 Red-shafted Flicker, 1-7, No. 13.

313 Flicker, 1-7, No. 26.

314 White-headed Woodpecker, 1-4, F.
H. L. & Co.

315-317 Merrill's Faraque, 1-2, No. 21?;

2-2. F. H. L. & Co.
318-319 Whip-poor-will, 1-2, No. 9; 1-2,

No. 46.

320 Chuck-will's-widow, 1-2, No. 40.

321 Aui, 1-3, F. H. L & Co.

322 Poor-will, 1-1, 1-2, F. H. L. & Co.

323 Nighthawk, 1-2, No. 30.

324 We.'Jteni Nighthawk, 1-2. No. 56.
325-327 Texan Nighthawk, 3-2, F. H.

L. &Co.
328 Florida Nighthawk, 1-2 F. H. L. &

Co.
829 Chimney Swift, u-4. No. '37.
330-331 Ruby-throated Hummingbird,

n-2, No. 58; n-2. No. 35.
332 334 Anna's Humminsbird, n-2. No.

73; n-2, No. 59; u-2, F. H. L. & Co.
651-652 Black-chinned Hummiagbird,

n-2. No. 65; n-2. No. 72.
653 654 Rufous Hummingbird, 2n-2, F.

H. L. & Co.

655 Costa's Hummingbird, n-2. No. 72.

656 Buflf-bellied Hummingbird, n-2, F.
H. L. & Co.

657 Calliope Hun^mingbird, n-2, No. 65.

658 Scissor-tailed Flycatcher, 4-4, F.H.
L. & Co.

659 Kingbird, 1-4, F. H. L. & Co.

660, 335 Arkansas Kingbird, 2-3, F. H.

L & Co.
336-337 Cassin's Kingbird, 1-4, 1-5, F.

H. L. & Co.
338, 063 Crested Flycatcher, 1-5, No. 3,

1-6, No. 20.

339 * Mexican Crested Flycatcher, 1-5,
F. H. L. &Co

340 Ash-throated Flycatcher, 1-5, No.
34.

341 Phoebe, 1-5, No. 33.

342 Say's Phoebe, 1-6. No. 60.

343 Black Phoebe. 1-4, No. 56.

344 Wood Pewee, n-5, No. 31.

345-346 Western Wood Pewee,F. H. L.

& Co. n 4, No. 65. n-5.
347 Traill's Flycatcher, n-4. No. 45.
348-349 Acadian Flycatcher. 1-3, No.

47; 1-3, F. H. L. & Co.

350 Western Flycatcher, 1-2, F. H. L.
& Co.

351 Little Flycatcher, 1-3, No. 67.

352 Yellow-bfeUied Flycatcher, 1-4, F.
H. L. & Co.

353 Lepst Flycatcher, n-5, No. 22.

354 Skylark, 1-5, No. 61.

355-356 Prairie Horned Lark. 1-4, No.
07; 1-4, F. H L. & Co.

357 Ruddy Horned Lark, 1-4, F. H. L.
& Co.

358 Desert Horned Lark, 1-3, No. 13.

359 American Magpie. 1-6, No. 32.
360.361 Yellow-billed Magpie, 1-9, No.

71; 1-6, No. 2
362-364 Blue Jay, n-5, No. 57; 1^5^ No.

59;l-5. F. H. L. &Co. T,^ -

668 Canada Jay, 1-4, No. 74.

365 Florida Jay, 1-5, No. 75.

366 Florida Blue Jay, 1-5, F. H.L &Co.
307-368 Blue-fronted Jay, 1-4, No. 2;

1-4, No 74.
,369 Steller's Jay, 1-5, No. 21.

370 Arizona Jav, 1-5, No. 74.

371 California Jay, 1-5, No. 34.

372 Woodhouse's Jay, 1-4, No. 74.
373-375 Green Jay, 1-4, 1-5, n 4, F. H.

L. & Co.
370 White-necked Raven, 1-0, No. 29..
377 378 Fish Crow. 1-5, No 40;1 -5,No.02.
379-382 American Crow, 4-5, F. H. L-

& Co.
383 Florida Crow. 1-5. F. H. L. & Co.
384-389 Cowbird, 6-1. F. H. L. & Co.
390 Dwarf Cowbird, 1-1, F. H. L.&Co.
391-396 Bronzed Cowbird, 6-1. F. H. L.

& Co.
397-398 Yellow-headed Blackbird. 2-4.

F. H. L. & Co.
399-400 Bobolink, 1-5, No. 20; n-5. No.

47.
401-402 Starling, 1-4, 1-5, F. H. L.&Co.

403 Red-winged Blackbird, n-5. No. 14.

404 Bicolored Blackbird, 1-4, F. H. L.
& Co.

405 Tricolored Blackbird, 1-5, F. H. L.
& Co.

400 Meadowlark, 1-5, No. 59.

407-408 Western Meadowlark, 1-4, No.

27, 1-4, F. H. L. & Co.
409-410 Audubon's Oriole, 1-4, 1-4, F.

H. L. & Co. Heavily blotched.
411-413 Hooded Oriole, 2-4, n-5, F. H..

L. & Co.
414 Arizona Hooded Oriole, 1-4, No. 59.
415-416 Orchard Oriole, n-4. No.57;l-5,.

F. H. L. & Co.
417 Baltimore Oriole, 1-5, No. 33-

THE OOLOGIST.

1»

418 Biulock's Oriole. 1-5, F. H. L.&Co.

419 Purple Grackle, 1-5. No. 33.

420 Florida Grackle, 1-4, No. 40.
421-424 Great-tailed Grackle, 4-4, F.H.

L. & Co.
42o-42() Brewer's Blackbird, 1-5, 1-4,

F. H. L. & Co.; 1-6, No. 13.
427-428 American Goldfinch, n-6. No.

45; n-5, F. H. L. & Co.

429 Arkansas Goldfinch. 1-4. No. 59.

430 Arizona Goldfinch, 1-6, No. 59.

431 LaAvrence's Goldfinch, n-5. No. 60.
432-433 House Finch, 1-5, No. 59; 1-5.

No. 60.
484 Pine Siskin, 1-4, No. 36.

435 Grasshopper Spai'row, 1-4, F. H.
L. & Co.

436 Thick-billed Sparrow, 1-2; F. H. L.
&Co.

437 Chestnut-collared l.<ongspur, 1-4,
No. 30.

438 McCowu'sLongspur, 1-4, No. 74.

439 Vesper Sparrow, n-4. No. 14.

440 Western Vesper Sparrow, 1-4, No.
60.

441 Savanna Sparrow, 1-4, No. 59.

442 Sharp-tailed Sparrow, 1-4, F. H. L.
&Co.

443 Lark Sparrow. 1-5, No. 60.
444-445 Western ^^ark Sparrow, 1-5.

No. 59:1-4. F. H. L. & Co.
446-447 Chipping Sparrow, n-4, 1-3, F.

H. L. & Co.
448-449 Western Chipping Sparrow.

1-3. No. 13; 1-4, F. H. L. & Co.
450. 664 Gambel's Sparrow, 1-4, No. 1,

1-4, No. 59.
451 Bell's Sparrow, 1-5, No. 59.
452-453,665 Heermann's Song Sparrow,

1-5, No. 59, 2-4, F. H. L. & Co.

454 Field Sparrow, 1-5, F. H. L. & Co.

455 Oregon Juneo, 1-4, No. 21.

456 Slate-colored Junco, 1-4, No. 30.

457 Thurber's Junco, 1-5. No. 55.

458 Song Sparrow, 1-5, No. 37.
459-460 Black-throated Sparrow, n-4,

1-5, F. H. L. & Co.
461-462 Bachman's Sparrow, 2n-4, No.

42.
463-464 Texas Sparrow, 2-4, F. H. L. &

Co.
465 Samuel's Song Sparrow, l-4.No.69.
466, 666 Rusty Song Sparrow, 1-3, No.

21, 1-4, No. 13.

467 Swamp Sparrow, 1-5, No. 35.

468 Indigo Bunting, n-4. No. 14.

469 Lazuli Bunting, n-4. No. 1.

470 Painted Bunting. 1-4, No. 59.
471-472 Towhee, 1-5, No. 8: n-5. No. 3.
473-474 Spurred Towhee, 1-3,- No. 75;

1-3. No. 56.
475 Oregon Towhee, 1-5. No. 21.
476-477 California Towhee, 1-3, 1-4, F.

H. L. & Co.

478 Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 1-5 and 1
of 258, No. 10. ^1

480-481 Black-headed Grosbeak, 2-4, F.
H. L. & Co.

483 Blue Grosbeak. 1-4, No. 48.

483 Cardinal. 1-4. F. H. L. & Co.

484 Texan Cardinal, 1-3, F. H. L. &Co.

485 Gray-tailed Cardinal, 1-4, F. H. L.
&Co.

486 Dickcissel, n-4. No. 31.

487-488 Lark Bunting, 1-4, No, 12; 1-5,
F. H. L. & Co.

489 Scarlet Tanager. n-4. No. 35.

490 Summer Tanager, 1-3, F. H. L. &
Co.

491-492 Louisiana Tanager, n-4. No. 29;

1-5, No. 55.
493 Cedar Wax wing, n-4, F. H. L.&Co.
494-495 Sharpe's Seed-eater, 2n-3, F.H.

L. & Co.
496 Barn Swallow, 1-5, No. 33.
497-500 Cliff Swallow, 1-5, No. 53: 3-4,

F. H. L. & Co.

501 Tree Swallow. 1-6. F. H. L. & Co.

502 Bank Swallow, 1-6, No. 14.

503 Rough-winged Swallow, l-7,No.52.
504-505 Phainopepla, 1-3, No. 72; 1-4,

F. H. L. & Co.
500 Northern Shrike (?). 1-5, No. 24.

507 White-rumped Shrike, 1-6, No. 6.

508 California Shrike, 1-5, No. 27.

509 Loggerhead Shrike, 1-6, No. 40.
510-511 Red-eyed Vireo, n-4, No. 33.

n-3, F. H. L. & Co.
512-513 Mountain Solitary Vireo, n-4.

No. 19: 1-2. No. 52.
514-515 Bell's Vireo, n-4. No. 31, 1-4,

No. 59.

516 Hutton's Vireo, 1-5, No. 1.

517 White-eyed Vireo, 1-4, F. H. L. &
Co.

518 W^arbling Vireo, n-4. F. H. L.&Co.

519 Cassin's Vireo, 1-4, No. 21.
520-521 Yellow-throated Vireo, l-2,No.

52: n-3. No. 65.

522 Prothonotary Warbler, 1-7, F. H.
L. & Co.

523 Swainson's Warbler, n-3. No. 65.

524 Worm-eating Warbler, 1-5, No. 52.

525 Blue-winged Warbler, n-5. No. 29.
526-527 Golden-winged Warbler, 1-3,

No. 47; 1-3, No. 24.
528-529 Magnolia Warbler, 1-4, No. 36,
1-4, No. 24.

530 Yellow Warbler, n-5, F. H. L.&Co.

531 Lutescent Warbler, 1-5. No. 2.
532-533 Nashville Warbler. 1-5, No. 24;

1-4 and 1 of Cowbird, No. 86.
534-535 Pine Warbler, 1-4, No. 52; n-3.
No. 42.

536 Blackburnian Warbler, 1-4, No. 15.

537 Black-throated Green Warbler, 1- ,.
No. 24.

20

THE OOLOGIST.

538 Prairie Warbler, n-4, No. 42.

539 Kentucky Warbler, n-5, No, 58.

540 Hooded Warbler, n-4, No. 15.

541 Maryland Yellow-throat, n-4,No.3.

542 Western Yellow-throat, 1-4, No. 75.

543 Chestnut-sided Warbler,n-4,No.37.

544 Mourning Warbler, n-3. No. 10.
545-547 American Redstart, n-4. No. 47:

n-4. No. 77, n-4, F. H. L. & Co.
548-549 YelloAv-breasted Chat, 1-4, No.
58; 1-4, No. 35.

550 Long-tailed Chat. 1-4, No. 50.

551 Oven-bird, 1-5, No. 35.

552 Louisiana Water-Thrush, n-4. No.
42.

553 Catbird, 1-4, F. H. L. & Co.
554-555 Mockingbird, 1-4. No. 30: 1-6,

No. 40.

556 Brown Thrasher. 1-4. F. H. L.&Co.

557 Sennett's Thrasher, 1-4, F. H. L. &
Co.

558-559 Curve-billed Thrasher, 2-4, F.

H. L. & Co.
560-563 California Thrasher, 1-3. No.

71; 1-4,- No. 75: 1-5, No.59,1-3, F, H. L.

&Co.
564 Sprague's Pipit, 1-4, No. 54.
565-566 Cactus Wren, 1-5, No. 72: 1-6,

No. 59.
567-568 Rock Wren, 1-5, No. 5 1,1 -4. No.

74.

569 Carolina Wren, 1-5. No. 42.

570 House Wren, 1-6. F. H. L. & Co.

571 Long-billed Marsh Wren, n-9. No.
59.

572 Tula Wren. 1-5, No. 75.

573 Western Winter Wren, 1-5, No. 55.
574-575 Parkman's Wren, 1-7, No. 1.

1-7, F. H. L. & Co.

576 Bewick's Wren, 1-5, F. H. L. &Co.

577 Florida 'Wren, 1-5, F. H. L. & Co.

578 Lomita Wren, 1-4, F. H. L. & Co.
579-580 Baird's Wren, 2-5, F. H.L &Co.
581-582 Brown Creeper, 1-5, No. 30; 1-6,

No. 52.
583-585 Tufted Titmouse, 1-7, No. 58;

1-8, No. 3; 1-6, F. H. L. & Co.
586 White- brea.sted Nuthatch, 1-10,

No. 4.
587, 667 Pygmv-Nuthatch, 1-8, No. 65;

1-5, F. H. L. & Co.

588 Red-breasted Nuthatch, 1-7, No. 36

589 Slender billed Nuthatch,] -7,No.73.

590 Brown-headed Nuthatch,l-5.No.40.

591 Black-crested Titmouse, 1-4, F. H.
L. & Co.

592 Plain Titmouse, 1-8, No. 73.
'593 Chickadee, 1-7, No. 17.

594 Carolina Chickadee, 1-5, No. 52.

595 Oregon Chickadee, 1-5, No. 21.
596-598 California Bush-Tit, 1-7, No. 50.

1-3, No. 60; 1-7, F. H. L. & Co.

599 Wren-Tit, 1-4, No. 71.

600 Verdin, 2-4, F. H. L. & Co.
601-602 Blue-grav Gnatcatcher, n-4,

1-4, F. H. L. & Co.

603 Western Gnatcatcher, n-5, No. 72.

604 Black-tailed Gnatcatcher, n-5, F.
H. L. & Co.

605 Golden-crested Kinglet (European)
n-6, F. H. L. & Co.

606-607 Wood Thrush, 1-5, No. 31; 1-4,

No. 52.
608-609 Russet-backed Thrush, 1-4, No.

71.
610-611 Olive-backed Thrush, 1-4, n-4,

F H T t: Co

612 Wilson's Thrush, 1-4, F. H L & Co.

613 Hermit Thrush, u-3, F. H. L. &Co.

614 Ked-spotted Bluethroat, 1-6, F. H.
L. &Co.

615 American Robin, 1-4, F. H. L.&Co.
616-617 Western Robin, 1-4, 1-4, F. H.

L. &Co.

618 Bluebird, 1-5, No. 49. This was a
pui'e white, "albino." set.

619 Western Bluebird. 1-4, No. 13.

620 MountainBluebird,l-5,F.H. L.&Co.

FOREIGN EGGS. •
622 Tree Sparrow, 1-4, F. H. L. & Co.
623-624 House Sparrow, 1-9, 1-7, F. H.
L. &Co.

625 Water Ouzel, 1-5, F. H. L. & Co.

626 Snowflake, 1-5, F H. L. & Co.

627 Wryneck, 1-11, F. H. L. & Co.

628 Bed Grouse, 1-10, F. H. L. & Co.

629 European Quail, 1-10. F. H. L.&Co.

630 Ring Plover, 1-3, F. H. L. & Co.
631-632 Capercaillie, 1-5, 1-6, F. H. L.&

Co.

633 European Partridge, 1-14, F. H.
L. &Co.

634 Numidian Crane, 1-1, F. H L.&Co.

635 Cinereous Crane, 1-2,F. H. L &Co.

636 Arabian Vulture, 1-1, F. H. L.&Co.

637 Oriental Eagle, 1-2, F. H. L, & Co.

638 Rough-footed Eagle, 1-2, F. H. L.
&Co.

639 Little Imperial Eagle, -1-2, F. H.
L. & Co.

640 Griffion Vulture, 1-2, F. H. L.&Co.

641 Whooping Swan, 1-2, F.H. L.&Co.

642 Green-crested Tinamou from Bra-
zil, 1-1, F. H. L. & Co.

643 Ani, 1-1, F. H. L. & Co.

644 Meadow Pipit, 1-5, F. H. L. & Co.

645 Redpoll, 1-5, F. H. L. & Co.

646 Ostrich, Africa, F. H. L. & Co.

647 Emu, from Australia, F. H. L.&Co.

648 Rhea, South America, F.H.L & Co.

649 Moa (Cast). An extinct New Zea-
land species.

650 iEpyornis (Cast) An extinct Mada-
gascar species.

THE OOLOGJST.

29

iDIIKIM ^^ils up signs, distributes circul-
InUnil ars. papers, samples etc.. through-

CIRCULAR DISTRIBUTERS WANTED

Publishers. Patentees. Manufacturers, etc..
are daily requesting us to supply the addresses
of reliable circular distributors, bill posters,
etc. Bruun's success is marvelous, and will
open up in 300.000 Agexts Herai>ds next issue,
to be mailed to business men. new. profitable,
and permanent employment to one man. woman
or youth In ever.v town and hamlet in the U. S.
and Canada. "The early bird catches the
worm." We want a few such ads. as Brunn's
(sample below) to start with in this month's
Mammoth edition of Agents Hekald.

B~\ _

out Blackhawk and surroundina; counties
only $;?.00 per 1000. Address, W.H.BRUNN
Waterloo, la.

Brunn paid if-2.40 to insert above 4 lines. Jime
'90. He btfgan during the summer. That ad.
paid then : is pai/inff yet. He has been kept con-
stanrly busy, empliiys three men to assist him.
clearing on their kibor from $10 to $15 a day
distributing circulars at $.3.00 per lOoO for many
Arms who saw his ad. in The Herat.d. It
costs every firm at least $10 in postage alone to
mail 1000 circulars. A saving to each firm who
employ you of *7 per lOUO. Ten firms may each
send you 1000 at the same time, making 1000
packages of 10 each, for distributing which you
would promptly receive $;30. 15 in advance and
$15 when work is done. Parents make your
boy a present. Start them in this growing bus-
iness. Begin this neat business btfore some
one in your coimty gets the .start of you. "Come
in on the ground floor." Iu.structions How to
Conduct the Business, Free to each distributor
ONLY, who sends us $2.40 cash or, postage,
stamps for a 4 line "ad "

AGENT'S HERALD,
No. 171 South 8th Street, Philada., Pa.

Our Address

dui'ing the next few mouths, will be at either

AI>BIO\, jV. > ., or

]Xo. 3571 Cottage Grove Ave.,

CHICAGO, ILLS.

You can address your orders and letters to
whichever address you a'-e the nearer— All
matters pertaining to the Ooi.ogist. however,
should be addressed at Albion. Should you
wish to r^ach us personally, you .should address
"LATTIN.' at ALBION, and "WEBB", at
CHICAGO.

Faithfully.

F. H." LATTIN & CO.

nPT? A VQ ^^ ^^^^ want any of those extra
JLXLnlXkJ. heavy alligator covered
square trays, such as we had in our exhibit at
the Worlds Fair (which you and other collec-
tors thought the "slickest" trav for the purpose
ever fnade) we can spare a few thousand— any
size from 3 in.x3 in. to 8 In.x 8 in. We will ship
by express at your expense in well assorted
ne.sts at Sl.OOper UX). or $10.00 per 1000. Or, if
you order special sizes and do not leave the
assortment to us. they will cost you $1.50 per
100 or $15.00 per loOO.

Not less than 100 lots sold, and at our prices,
are less than cost.

Wecan furnish 3in.x.3in..4in.x4 in.,51n.x5in.,
61n.x6 in.. 7 in x7 in., ani K in.xs in.

■Order Quick if .vou want anv of the World's
Fair Trays. F. H. LATTIN^ & CO.,3.57I Cottage
Grove Ave.. CHICAGO, ILLS.

The sppcific and universal opinions, condensed,
are as follows:

"\ou deserve great praise, and the gratitude
of the reading world — that portion of it, at leasr.
th;ir, is fortunate enough to read THK GREAT
DIVIDE. Having a field entirely its own, it is
iiit-nseli' American in cast and character."

It is useless for us to say, the illustmtive
features and t.ypography are superb— equal in
quaiity and unusualn^ss to the fascinating and
SI range contents that fill our columns.

TEN CENTS a copy; ONE DOLLAR a year.
Youi- newsdealer has it, if not, send to
THE GREAT DiViDE, Denver.Col.

i.ii.naiHi fiiin5».«>i»<». l-.r

'>..!> li)tc.il~ ' re:;ular jiiiie

■") • . Mis.) .\fiiir iiiuiie, if lu-

-^^-4 .\' V il vvi'.lijii rie.xt 30

, i I I'.- HOI.DI.V

' 11 t;iiiuuied ■
:.•'. IViiiu Piib-
i - , -Manufactur-
• a;i'l ollu'is, j-on
;i i-i ceive liiiiidreils
.>i)uiil.»- iliou'-aiKis,
— ' lit' vulii;ih:e Eooks,
<i.i.l) es. I'lqicrs. ^vlasa-
c'S t'ic. A»« Trof and
iMili pirccl Willi oiu- of
y.i' r iKiUlly printed ad-
r.."Vrit.ft.! Wewillal.so
print and )>iepav pn^'.iL'e u \ .">«) of your Kunimed
ad'lre-^es to yon. for • .i.r i>(M>-oiial list ; \\ hicli are
valuable to s:icl< on .voiiii' ivi-iotn's, books, ttc, to
prevent tliuir bfinir lost. ItKi osvir.f.K, rs'.C, Dee.fi.
18SU. Dk.mi Si Rs-Mv.".()n addresses receivt'il. From
ni.v i') cent address in \onr l.iL'lilnini^ Dirfctor.v [
have received ovnr .".(li«l parci'ls in' mail. jf.v
.' (Idresses yon scattered among pnlillsners.mannl'ac-
I '.■(M'S, etc. are arriving dailv. on valuable (larceNot
U,ill, from all parts of tlu- World. .1 .A. \V A RE.

THE UGHTNItMG DiRECTSRY C

Department No. 171, Philadelphia ,Pa.

The Words' Fair at Home!

Se ected Photographs, printed and
oiinted by a Professional Photogra-
her, from 4x5 Negatives, on Bevel
Edge Gold Line Mounts 5x6 inches.

-adress P. F. MARCH, Fern
liank, Hamilton County, O.

30

iiiK <)0i>()(;.8r.

DUNKIRK ^UTAGON COMPANY,

Patented 3Iay C, 1890.

Grape, Peach, Orange, Banana, Pine Apple, Road Wagons & Light Drays.

AGENTS WANTED. SEND FOR CIRCULARS.

Also the most durable Childs' Express Wagon ou tlio Market.

Niagara Falls.

Hundreds of the Iveaders of the Oologist will visit them during the
World's Fair year and they should make it a point to visit

Tl^.BY'S NEW MUSEUM.

This new museum is located ou I'alls street, only a le- steps from R.
R. Depots — Electric car line passes by its entrance— and '• upies a new
three story biiildinj];, which cost thousands of dollars to build and fill —
Among the hundreds of attractions within will be found a large and
magnificent collection of Birds and the iaroest collection of muds
EGGS in a Public jMuseum in the State.

BIRDS

We seuiire'ljiiiii-ii BLiiie :.inl ForeiK" t' te'HS,
TPfiister 'I'rade-Miirks, C<)|)> riiilits and I,iibols,
and attend to. -ill piitent buwiiipss tor rr. "sderato
■rees. \Ve report on patentahilitr treeotciKirge.
'<■ .r i fo"ni:itioi! -iTif! freo lia d-h'iok wrili I >
H. B. W L^r \ CO., Af r,u-.Yv~ ;itL"v,
uiJi'U. S. i-ai. viu^.. •. ./ASHIK .■^0^3, i). C.

sm

Made in all styles and sizes. Lightest, I

strongest, easiest ■working, safest, simplest,

most accurate, most compact, and most

I modern. For sale by all dealers in arms.

Catalo^es mailed free by

The Marlin Fire Arms Co.,

New Haten, Conn., U. S. A.

y TRIFLES

THE OOLOGIST. 31

S 10,000

IS A LARGE SUM
TO HAVE

"TIED UP"

In Shells, Curios, Specimens,

ana ^^ouvenir

during these close times — especially so if one needs the money and
this stock is a surplus one.

The above hits our case exactly and we have 11101 c than this
amount "tied up"insurplusstock at our Chicago Store. The World's
Fair is no more. We do not need the goods in Chicago, neither do
we need them back East, and furthermore do not care to go to the
expense of shipping them there.

If you wish to invest (or know of anyone who does,) say $5, $10,
$25, $50, $100, $500, $1,000 or more, in Specimens, Curios, Sup-
plies, or anything we have left in Chicago, either for your own col-
lection, your school or college cabinet, a stock for the Holidays (up-
on which we can guarantee you to double your money,) or upon a
full and complete Dealer's stock, we now offer you an opportunity
to make such purchases at prices never before thought of. In fact
on nice large orders we would be tempted to sell at nearly

50 per cent. Less

Than Ordinary Wholesale Prices.

Let us know your wants at once, and we will quote you prices up-
on which you cannot help but make a profit of from 100 to 500 per
cent., or if for a cabinet, we can save you many dollars.

Address us at either Albion, N. Y. , or No. 3,571 Cottage Grove
Ave., Chicago, or if within 100 miles of either place, call. It will
pay you.

Faithfully,

F. H, LATTIN & CO.

32 THE OOLOGIST.

GREATEST n OriQ 0 rflll DOOK READY.

We take pleasure iu anuoiinciug that we have made arrangements with the

publishers of

THE MAGIO CITY

To supply this celebrated work in Weekly Parts to the subscribers of the OoLO-
GIST at the very low price of ten cents per number. It will be issued in sixteen
consecutive Weekly Parts, each containing sixteen to twenty magnificent Photo-
graphic Views and Historical Descriptions of the WOWLD'S rAIR and the
MIDWAY PI.AISAXCE. by the famous American author. Mr. J. W.
Buei. The Photographs are the finest that have ever l^een offered to the i)ul)lic.
The}' constitute a splendid series of

Over 300 Views

In Natural Photograph Colors, embracing all the wonderful features of
the World's Fair and its surroundings, and the famous Midwtiy Pltiisance,
with its curious and interesting character sketches of life in foreign countries and
among wild and curious races of people.

More than S.^iO.OOO have been expended in the preparation of this truly mag-
nificent work, and $50,000 more will !)e expended during the next few weeks in
completing it. The author and his staff of artists spent nearly the whole summer
at the P'air, collecting historical materials and securing the grandest array of
Photographs of the buildings, grounds, exhibits, landscapes, and curious and. won-
derful features of the greatest Exposition that human eye ever beheld.

These photographs were taken by real artists — artists of reputation, skilled
in their profession, who knew how to select points of the greatest interest and
from Avhich the best views could be obtained.

In addition to the photographs secured bv these special artists, the publish-
ers also had the pick and choice of those taken by the Official Photographer of the
United States Government.

THE MAGIC CITY alone gives the only great Historical representation of the
World's Fair and Midway Plaisance. illustrated with Over 300 Superh Pho-
tojj^raphs, comprising an immense and womlurfully beautiful ol)long volume,
11x14 inches in size.

ONE COUPON AND TEN CENTS GETS IT!

_ THE MAQIC CITY is published in 10 consecutive weekly parts or portfo-
lios, each portfolio containing 16 to 20 of these splendid original Photographs and
Historical descrii"' jns. The photographs could not be purchased separately for
less than $1.00 to $1.50 each. Dealers charge these prices regularly for greatly in-
ferior views of this size. Portfolios Nos. 1 and 2 ai-e now ready. Cut out the
coupons on this page and mail them to the office of the OologiST, with TEN CENTS
each in stamps or silver, and you will get either or both as you may order. We
charge no postage on parts sent by mail.

I COUPON FOR PORTFOLIO NO. 1, \ I COUPON FOR PORTFOLIO NO. 2, \

% The OoLOGiST's Historical Art Series 5 ! The OiiLOGiST'.s Historical Art Series 5

5 OP THE I' I or THE ;

5 World's Fair and Midway Plaisance, % \ "World's Fair and Midway Plaisanoe, i

I entitled: The Magic City. : ; Entitled: The Magic City. ^

5 Cut cut this Coupon and mail to the Oolo- ^ % Cut out tbis Coupon and mail it to the *

5 gist with ten cents in stamps or .silver, and % i Oologist. with tea cents in stamps or silver {

? receive Portfolio No. I -j ; and receive Port folio No. 2. {

K-j

_s

Monthly

Kmi%M,<

50c. per Year. ^^

VOL. XI. NO. 2.

ALBION, N. Y., FEB., 1894.

Whole No. 100

Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales.

Brief special annoimcements. "Wants,' "Exchanges" "For Sales," Inserted In this department
for -soc per .S5 words. Notices over .35 words, charged at the rate of one cent per each additional
word. No notice inserted for less tlian .5(ic. Terms, cash with order.

Strictly It'irst-class specimens will be accepted in payment at one-halt list rates.

"Dealers" can use these columns at Rerjtdar Aclvertitiiii/j rates, only.

Exchange cards and Coupons (subscription) will be accepted for "Wants" and "Exchanges" only
and according to conditions stated thei'eon.

N^~N 7t1[ is an opportune time for YOU torenew your subscription to theOOLOCIST
V^ \JU! for 1S94, and It in arrears to make an early settlement of the same. Whether
this reminder applies to you or not,is it not high time that YOU sent us at least one new subscriber

I WILiL exchange specimens, uattiral his-
tory papers novel's, Ct)lumbian stamps, etc ,
for" birds eggs in sets and oological supplies.
ROY HATHAWAY, Red Key, Ind.

FOR SALE.-$r.5.00 line collection of first-
class sets and series with full data for $2n ou.
jVIso watch, ao bore B L. shot gun and tele-
scope. A few specimens gold ore. ten cents
each. B. S. BOWDIbH, Phelps. N. Y.

WAVTED:— Good skins of Black Skimmer.
Florida Cormorant and Carolina Paroquet,
Have a choice list of skins and sets and would
pay part cash. Write at once to N. HOLLIS-
TER, Box 681, Delavan, Wisconsin.

CORRESPONDENCE is solicited from those
desiring to purchase fine, small-holed Oregon
birds' eggs, in sets with complete data, the
coming season. Price list for a 2 cent stamp.
ARTHUR L,. POPE, McMinnville. Ore.

TO EXCHANGE :-U, S. postage stamps
and stamped envelopes for same, or revenue,
or Confederate stamps or wll pav cash for
ones wanted. WALTER J. GARVEN, Greens-
boro, Vermont.

FOR EXCHANGE:— A good "Juno" Safety
BicyclH, 38in. wheels, ball bearing, either lady
or gent can ride. Make best offer in eggs,
stamps or books. W. F. WEBB, 36~l Cottage
Grove Ave.. Chicago, 111.

LOOK 1— A collection of 1st class singles at
l.T per cent discount on Standard Catnlogue to
exchange for 1st class eggs in sets with data,
of water birds. Hawks and Owls Send list
and receive mine. A few sets to exchinge. R.
SANDFORD care of A Kirkham, Hastings-
on-the-Hudson, New York.

WANTED:- A good Kodak, any of the best
makes, size No, 2. Will offer fifty dollars
worth of western eggs in sets including White
Faced Ibis, Black Stilt. Least Vireo and others,
also want stamps in exchange. A. M.
SHIELDS. Stimson Block, Los Angeles, Cal.

FOR EXCHANGE:— A collection of about
fifteen hundred foreign and U. S. stamps,
valued at $.5.ai. for eggs. JNO. BECKWITH,
Franklin, Tennessee.

EGGS IN SETS and singles and all kinds of
curios to exchange at any time. O. W. HOW-
ARD. 8.").3 S. Olive St., Los Angeles. Cal.

STUDENT CAMERA, boy's bicycle and bird
wings sold cheap, foreign stamps on sheets, 12
for 6 cents. FRANK BREHM, JR., Box C,
Erie, Pa.

TO EXCHANGE, as a lot, for best offer in
1st class sets, the following 2d class singles:
Ridg. No. r, set '4. 47, 23. 9.3, I2314. 182. 240b, 249,
272. 282. 326, 378, .394. 402. 408, 4,36, .522, also 1st
class sets of 402 and others to exchange for sets.
A. H. PHILLIPS, Princeton, N. J.

ALLIGATOR SivlNS:- We have a numbe"r
of flrst-class Alligator skins, made last Novem-
ber by an experienced hand. Prices prepaid
only: For a 2ii Gator, $2.00; 3 ft. one. $2.. 50;
314 ft.. $.3.00. Address F. H. LATTIN & CO.,
3.571 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, 111.

TO EXCHANGE:— "Our Birds in Their
Haunts." (new.) sets with data of Nos. .30a2-I,
289 1-3. .378 1-10, 506 1-.5. .593 1-3. .598 1-3. 705 1-4 and
many singles. Also two thoroughbred female
Scotch Collie puppies and other articles, to ex-
change for eggs in sets or books on ornithol-
ogy. WM. H. BELL, West Point, Virginia.

I^On the wrapper of tl'is month's Oologist you will tind some figures fol-
lowing .your name. • These figures you will find fully explained on page 56 of this
Oologist.

o /

f

34

THE OOLOGIST.

FOR SALE.— 3 new 1894 Scott; Internatioual
Stamp Albums at $1.50 each. Tbis edition has
been greatly enlargt-d. F. H. LATTIN & CO.,
3571 Cottage Grove Ave., Cls'catco. 111.

I HAVE to exchange desirable sets with
original data and singles, for fii-st-class bird
skins. EDMUND HELLER, 196 Rubidoux
Ave., Riverside, Cal.

OFFERED.— Skins of Mammals, birds eggs,
from Washington, Idaho. Wanted, micro-
scope, camera, aneroid barometer. Compass,
Heavy Revolver Coues"Key,Ridgeway'sMdnual.
J. O. SNYDER.Pullman, Wash.

A NEW GOLDING $25 printing press, rollers
never used, for best offer in eggs, rocks, Indian
relics or curios. Make offer at once J. W.
MYKRANTZ, Ashland, O.

WANTED: -To hear from all who would
like to exchange eggs with me this season. I
can collect anythihir you want in southern
eggs. GEO. F. MIMS, Lock Box 8.5. Edge-
field, S. C.

NOTICE. I wish to close out my entire col-
lection of minerals, shells and fossils, so, until
April 1st I will send S2.50 worth to every one
sending me $1 00. Will exchange any of the
above and books for Indian relics. GEO. W.
DIXON, Watertown, S. D.

MINERALS and ftrst class eggs with datas
to exchange for same or egg tools. GEO.
ROBBINS, Front and A Sts., San Diego, Cal.

FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE— I have first
Judge's prize offered by Oologist (part of May-
nard's works.) Value $.5.00. Will sell for $3..50
or best offer. FRED W. PARK HURST, Bath,
Steuben Co., N. Y.

"The Oologist gives the quickest returns of
any medium I ever saw. Answers to mj' notice
came by next mail after receiving my copy."
ERNEST H. SHORT, Chili, N. Y.

A BOOK of 100 datas with stub perforated
sent postpaid for 30 cents. I will exchange a
limited number for sets of Hawks, HuTnmers
and Water-birds at 60 cents per lOn. Sumple
on application. ROY CRIHFIELD, Atlanta,
Illinois.

A GREAT ISSUE !— The January Nidiologist
surpasses any of the ones which have preceded
it. which is saying much. Walter Raine con-
tributas the first installment of a wonderfully
fascinating article on ••Bird-Nesting in North
West Canada." with two '•half-tone^' illustra-
tions, one of a Pintail Duck's nest and the
other a portrait of Mr. Haine. A "half-tone"
portrait of the late oologist. Cant B. F. Goss,
with article by Capt. Chas. E. Ben lire, and an
illustrated article by C E. Doe on the Ospreys,
are other features. Every Issue of this, the
only illustrated' ornithological monthly in
America, is exceptional. You never saw its
like. Single copies are 15 cts. each, but we
send yon a 'sample" for 10 cents silver. Better
send a dollar for a year's subscription and get
free exchange notice which will otnerwise now
cost you .50 cents. Back numbers supplied
while thev last. Address. H. R. TA i'LOR, or
NIDIOLOGIST, Alameda. California.

EXCHANGE:— I have a Winchester single
shot. a5 cal. rifle, has been used but little, a set
of Ideal reloading tools with it. A 38 cal. col-
lecting; gun. hunting coat, a few bird skins
and the following books: Therapuetics, Its
Principles and Practice, by H. C. Wood, this
book is perfectly new; Home Studies in Phar-
macy; Modern Magic. I will exchange for sur-
veying instruments, old war relics or for books
pertaining to Civil Engineering. W. R. BIRD.
Mason City. Iowa.

FOR EXCHANGE.— A pair of large Elk Ant-
lers on Skull in good shape, for Kodak Camera
in good order and standard make, also eggs to
exchange for minerals, shells and curios of all
kinds. ALF. EASTGATE, Grand Forks, N. D.

WANTED.— First-class eggs in sets for which
I will excuange .minerals, fossils, ctiriosities,
books and several specimens that were on ex-
hibition at the Columbian Exposition. JAMES
J. CARROLL. Lampasas. Texas.

EXCHANGE NOTIC.K.— Have seven vols, of
Oologist, one ofricience'TaxidermistsManual,"
Brown; Tiixidermists' Guide,' Hurst. Want
Am Agriculturi^ts. Abbott's "Stone Age" and
second h.md steel traps .Vo's 0, 1 and 2. AL-
BERT B.FARNHAM. Benning, D. C.

TO EXCHANGE. -Birds in the meat this
winter. Parties who are interested please
write. No cards. H. M. WOLF, Kewiinee,
Henry Co , Ills.

I HAVE eggs of t' e Caspain Tern and Amer-
ican Herring (iuU to exchange for Eggs, Skins,
Cm-ios. etc. ED VAN WINKLE, Vau,s Har-
bor, Mich.

LOOK HERE! I have a rare and beautiful
Fossil (Birds Eye Marble), found no where else.
I will exchange Highly Polished specimens or
Paper Weights for Indian Relics. Rare Fossils
or Shells. CHARLES BRIGGS. Lisbon, la.

IOWA COLLECTORS.— I desire to corres-
pond with every Ornithologist in the state, with
a view of extending our observations, send ad-
, dress on postal to, DAVID L. SAVAGE, Salem,
Henry Co , Iowa.

EGGS —Bald Eagle. Buzzard, Hawks. Hood-
ed and Parula Warbler and nests Many others,
C'leap, cash. Only perfectly safe climbing
gear, ad.iustable to" any size tree, can make
cheap, can stop anywhere on tree to rest and
h 1 ve your hands free. Also new style climbers,
not the least tiresome. Stuffed birds. Inform-
ation, terms, prices for stamp. F. THEO MIL-
LER, Lancaster. C. H. Va.

I RECEIVED 10 times as many answers to
that one little exchangf' in June Oologist than
I did in all of several other exchange ads. I ven-
tured in other n 'pers, which cost me over $10.
ED. VAN WINKLE, Van's Harbor, Michigan.

FOR .SALE:— Seme fine sets of American
Bittern's eggs of 4 and 5 eggs each, first Class,
with data, at 30 cents per gg. Also large lists
of sets and singles in proportion, aiid a 38 cal.
collecting .gun, nickel plated, 5 spot, with de-
tachable black walnut stock, in good condition.
ELMER J. GIL LETT. Barre Centre, Orleans
Co.. N. V.

COLLECTOKS:-I have practically a perfect
contrivau'e for climbing trees which I have
successfully tried for several years. By its
use the most difficult tree, regardless of shape,
size or height, is rendered absolutely safe and
easy to climb. The device is durable, light
and easy to manipulate. Price %'i 00. For par-
ticulars address, M C. WHITE, Matthews, Va.

ONE COPY "Bir1s of Michigan," 70 Natural
History papers, single birds eggs and pair of
polished cow horns for good Indian Relics,
SAMUEL H. ROBBE, Bellville, Mich.

TiiK ooi.ocisr.

35

GOING TO BUILD?

Send for illustraied caUilotcue, containing 26
handsome designs, fkee. Addi-ess Shoppell's
Modern Hi~>uses.63 Broadway. N. Y. J(3t

EGGS.

From the Orient and Assam 'Malakka) In-
dia. Australia. Africa, ttc. correctly named
at moderate prices, also European and exotic
Birds skins. HERMANN ROLLE.

Emdener St., 4. Berlin, N. W., Germany

SEA SHELLS, Coral, Minerals,
Birds' Eggs, and Suins. Fossils.
Naturalists' Supplies, Taxidermy.
Catalogue, -ic. C. F. CARR, New-
London, Wis.

DDIKITIMP Of all kinds for Naturalists a

r nill I lIlU speciality. Note and letter
heads, envelopes, circulars, illustrated cata-
logues for natural history dealers. Have hun-
dreds of engravings of natural history speci-
mens. Write for estimates. lU) envelopes print-
ed, 4.^c. rioteheiuls same price, postpnid. C. F.
CARR, Job Printer, New London, Wis. tf

I have just
imported
over.^UOgro.
of aritlcial
leaves. I am now having a plate made and a
list printed. If you think this list would inter-
est you, I would be happy to mail you one. I'm
now stocking up with the best material in the
market and no doubt within a month I wi)l
have the tine-t stock of supplies in the coiintry.
If you are a live ta.xidermist. send me your ail-
dress on a postal. JAMES P. BABBITT,
Taunton, Mass.

THE LATEST

Dating Stamp.

1894 to 1899.

POST PAID.

Satisfaction Guarant'd

R.W.FORD,

Rubber Stamp Mfr-
BRISTOL, CONN.

msim

Promptly secured. Tnifle-Marks, CopYrlKhts
and ].,aDel3 reKistered. Twenty tlve yeaPN ex-
perience. We report whether patent can be
secu'ed or not, free of charge. Our fee n<adue
until patent IS nllowed. 3'ivaKe Book Free.
H. B. WILLSON St. CO.. Attorney.^ at Law.
0pp. U. S. Pat. Office. WASHINGTON. D. C.

CIRCULAR DISTRIBUTERS WANTED

Publishers. Patentees. M inu'acturers. etc.,
are daily reques' tj., us to supply the addresses
of relianle circular distributors, bill posters,
etc Brunn's success is marvelous, and will
open up in SfKJ.OOU agents Hekalds next issue,
to be mailed to business m-u. new. profitable
and permanent employment to one man. woman
or youth In every town and hamlet in the U.'S.
and Canada. "The early bird catches the
worm." We want a few siich ads. as Brunn's
(sample below) to start with in this month's
MAMMc:>Tn edition of Agents Herald.

Nails up signs, distributes circul-
ars, papers, samples etc. .through-
out Blackhawl< and surcouuding counties
• .nly iK^.OO per 1000. Address, W.H.BRUNN
Water oo. la. .

Brunn paid 1'^. 40 to insert above 4 lines. June
'90. He began during the siunmer. That ad.
paid then:"(i.s pcnjiiig ypf. He has been kept con-
stantly busy, emiiloys three men to assist him,
clearing on their Labor froti !flO to ¥l.=) a day
distributing circulars at $3.00 per lOiiO for many
firms who saw his ad. in The Herald. It
costs every firm at least Jli) in postage alone to
mail 1000 circuhirs A saving to each rtrni who
employ you of $7 ))er lOi 0 Ten firms may each
send you lOOi) at the same time, making lOOU
packages of lOeach. for d'strihiiting which you
would promptly receiveiSiK. T) in advance and
$15 wheu worli is done. Parents make your
boy a present. Start them in this growing bus-
iness. Begin this neat business bt fore some
one in your county gets the start of you. "Come
in on the ground flour." Instructions How to
Conduct the Business. Free t<:> each distributor
ONLY, who sends us 5i-2 40 cash or postage
stamps for a 4 line "ad "

AGENT'S HERALD,
No. in South 'th Street. Philada., Pa.

Our Address

during the next few months, will be at either

ALBIOX, N. Y., or
No. 3571 Cottajte Grove Ave.,
CHICAGO, ILLS.

You can address your orders and letters to
whichever address* you a'-e the nearer— All
matters pertaining to the Oologist, however,
should be addres-ed at Albion. Should you
wish to r-ach us personally, vou should address
"L.\TTIN.' at ALBION, and "WEBB", at
CHICAGO.

Faithfully.

F. H. LATTIN & CO.

nPT? A VQ If you want any of those extra
XXLr\-XlO. heavy alligator covered
scjuare trays, such as we had in our exhibit at
the World's Fair (which you and other collec-
tors thought the "slickest" trny for the purpose
ever made) we can spare a few thousand— any
size from .3 in.xS in. to H in.x « in. We will ship
by e.vpress at ■■ our expense in w^-ll assorted
nests at $1.00 pe /lOo. or $10.00 per MtO. Or. if
you order spc ial sizes and do not leave the
assortment to us. they will ■ est you $1.,tO per
lOOor $1.').(:0 per KiOO

Not les.s than KX) lots sold, and at our prices,
are less than cost.

We can furnish 3 in x.Sin..4 1n.x4 in.,5in.x51n.,
e.inxRin., 7in x7in. and Sin x 8in.

Order Quick it you want any of the World's
Fair Trav s. F. L. LATTIN. & CO.,3571 Cottage
Grove Ave., CHICAGO, ILLS.

36

THE OOLOGIST.

The Worlds' Fair at Home!

Sel'^oted Photocri-aphs^ priiited and
monnteu L^" a Professi^i^taal Photngra-
pher, from 4xo Negatives, on Bevel
Edge Gf)ld Line Mounts /)X() inches.

Address P. F. MARCH, Fern
Batnk, Hamilton ('ounty, O.

SE*''D 8 2- ^EhT STAMPS s^^n^^Id

Co.. 38a. UPCERNERD. CIHELSEA. I^ONDON
For a copy oi Briti-h Birds, a handbook giving
a clear and concise deciiption of the ^"■ests and
Eggs. Distribution. Mignuion. &c. of all British
Birds. We will also send you our catalogue and
specimen copies of our other publications. The
Collectors' Monthly, a splendid journal for all
who wish to learn ahoutUritishOrnithology and
Oology. Specimen copy sent Subscription to
U. S. A. and Canada, only 40 cents per year.

A Few Important Items.

"BARGAINS THAT ARE BARGAINS."
We expected to have a new page of them this
month but space forbids. On this account we
extend the fme of the ones offered in January
OOLOGisT to March 1st, not a single day later.

OOLOGISTS WANTED. On page 61 of this
issue we quote our prices on back numbers of
the OoLoGisT We can use any of the 20c.
numbers at 1.5c each, any of the 15c. ones at
10c. and any of the 10c. ones at 5c. each, payable
in anything we offer for sale or will send cred-
ited check, good for the amount. Will also
allow 15c. each for L,attin's '85 "Oglogist
Hand-Book."

PRIZES for best articles and to the Judges,
will be awarded much mor-^ liberally than in
'93. Particulars next month sure.

YOU ARE A JUDGE. Which are the five
best articles in this ninth's Ooi.ogist? Send
in yotir vote on a postal not Jater than Feb.
90th. Faithfuilv.

F. H. LATTIN&CO.

CAIV 1 OBTAIN A PATENT ? For a

Srompt answer and an honest opinion, write to
HINN <fc CO.. who have had nearly iifty years'
experience in the patent business. Communica»
lions strictly confidential. A Ilniidbook of In-
formation concerning Patents and bow to ob-
tain them sent free. Also a catalogue of mechan-
ical and scientific books sent free.

Patents taken throufrh Munn & Co. receive
Special notice in the Scientific American, and
thus are brought widely before the public with-
out cost to the inventor. This splendid paper,
issued weekly, elegantly illustrated, has by far the
largest circulation of any scientific work in the
world. S3 a year. Sample copies sent free.

Building Edition, monthly, $2.50 a year. Single
copies, 'iS cents. Every number contains beau-
tiful plates, in colors, and photographs of new
houses, with plans, enabling builders to show the
latest designs and secure contracts. Address
MUNN & CO., New York, 361 Beoadwat.

PER
DAY

Handling the fastest selling article on record
OVER A MILLION SOLD IN PHILADELPHIA!
No matter where you reside; every body
waats them. Write to-day, enclosing 2c, stamp
and we will mail you 4 Free Samples and full
particulars, which will enable you to commence
work at once. Circulars free." SMITH MFG
CO., No. 171 Pepper Bldg.. Phila., Pa.

The World's Fair Eggs.

We have left about one-half the eegs that we
exhibited— mentioned in last Oglogist as ex-
hibited by "F. H. 1^. & Co."— at the World's
Fair. Inmost cases these were the only eggs
of the species ever within the bounds of Jack-
son Park and consequently the only ones at the
World's Fair.

If you can use any of these eggs at not less
and "perhaps at a slight advance over regular
rates we would be pleased to have your list of
wants at earliest possible date and we will
qiiote y ui lowest cash price for the ones we
h ive left. With each set we will give a written
guarantee that it \v%s the identical one we ex-
hibited at the World's Fair.

Address all letters referring to the "Exhibit"
eggs to Albion, N. Y.

F. H. LATTIN & CO.

Sliding Calipers! All Sizes & Graduations.

Vernier and Metric or French System.

jOologists!

If you care to save time and meas-
ure "your specimens accurate, get

one of my 4 inch Sliding Calipers with

hardened jaws Ui in, long, graduated in 1-100 of
an inch. Sent registered to any part of the U. S.
for $3..50. fi inch sCcJes gradiuited in 1 lOOths and
mm.— 75 cts.
Send /or one to

E. G. SMITH, Columbia, Pa.

Reference, the editors of this paper.

The above tools are first-class in every re-
spect and warranted accurate (Liberal
iaducements to agents.)

H. H. &C.S. BRIMLEY,
COLLECTORS, RALEIGH, N.C.

First-class Bird and Mammal Skins and Eggs,
Reptiles and Batrachiansboth alive and in al-
cohol. Full data. Send stamp for price lists-

BIRDS BQQS

sm

w^^

„ IllustrdTeaCaTAlog.|v\.-^
^-^ CHAS.K.REED,^^.
IkMainSt. WORCESTER. MASS.^

niE OOLOGIST.

37

20,000 MARCH OOLOGISTS

WILL BE PRINTED ON MARCH 1st.

During 1893 the^^realest number printed at any one issue was 3,000 copies and
the smallest 2,o00. i he actual average for '93 was 2,750 copies per month'

- nr>5''^' •'''''''' •" ^^."^ ^""'' old days of the Youajr Oolofrist we frequentiy had
o.OJO eopi.-s printed per month and once we had (i.OOU. This number we believe
was the greatest ever issued. Of course when printing these hiro-e editions the
bulk of tliem were used as "samples."

These samples, however, cost money, required time ami lal)or to mail advan-
tagecjusly ami as we grew older in both years and experience we discontinued the
sample business and for the past fdur or tive vears have issued only a sufficient
number to '-go around," which has ranged from 2,000 to 3,000 copies per month.

As the present number of subseribors e.TcetYZ5 2,000 it is safe to say that the
smallest number that will be printed during 1894 will be that of the January issue
of which we printed 2.500 copies. ~ '

Th s mouth's (Fei)ruary) Ooloffist completes the first hundred numbers of
its e.visteuce and in order to tittiugiy celebrate this almost unorecedented happen-
ing or occurence— That a publication devoted to Birds their .Nests and Ecrgs or in
fact any of the various branches of Natural Science, should not only so hmo- sur-
vive the trials and vicissitudes of naturalistic journalism but that too with irs ori-
ginal Editor and Publisher still at the helm— we shall begin the .second century
with an edition of 20,000 copies.

•'What will we do with them?" Well, read on.

WE HAVE 7845 PATRONS.

First. We have recorded in our books since Jan. 1, 1893 the names of
7845 collectors who have wri'McM ?is. About one-third of tin; number are or
have Ijeen subscribers of the Oologist at some time during tiiat period; one-
half of the remainder or one-third of the whole are not subscribers of the Oolo-
gist but have during the past two years purchased goods of us at various times
in amounts ranging from 5 cents ti» over $l<>OU.

To the value of the remainder of these 781.") addresses we cannot attest but all
of them were, however, sufficiently interested in our business to at least "swipe"
one of their (irms postals and request us to send them a "cattleougue and sample
of the Olegouse" and as much more as they might hope we would send them
gratuitously.

These 7845 names are distributed as follows:

Alabama 44

Ai'izona V-i

Arkan>5a8 41

California 342

Colorado .55

Connecticut 2:94

Delaware 33

District of Columbia 49

Florida 91

Georgia 146

Idaho 9

Illinois 581

Indiana 224

Indian Territory I

Iowa 3.>4

Kansas 211

Kentucky 71

Louisiana .38

Maine 196

Maryland 109

Massachusetts 313

Michigan 3,")0

Minnesota 183

Mississippi 99

Missouri 155

Montana 23

Nebraska ..„ 133

Nevada ' 14

New Hampshire 82

New Jersey 180

New Mexico 11

New York 1008

Norih Carolina 139

North Dakota 33

Ohio 444

Oklahoma 1

Oregon 55

Pennsylvania 482

Rhode Island .33

South Carolina 60

South Dakota ,36

Tennessee 173

Texas 212

Utah c ...18

Vermont 123

Virginia .. 124

Washington 33

West Virginia 40

Wisconsin.... .210

Wyoming n

DOMINION OK CANADA.

British Columbia 4

Alberta 2

Manitoba ..g

New Brunswick ..2

Nova Hcotia 7

Ontario ."i64

Quebec 25.

Foreign jg

7g45.

38

THE OOLOGIST.

OUR WORLD'S FAIR EXHIBIT AND REGISTER.

Second. At the World's Columi/iaii EKposiii'>n our exhibit occupied over
2.000 square feet and within thi.s space we iiad the largest and best displays on the
Grouncis iu the following dei)artments, viz:

1. Taxidermy — Our Wall Pieces. "From an "artistic or taxidermic''
•standpoint.

2. Nest and Eggs of North American Bii'ds.

3. Foreign Biids Eggs.

4. Taxidermists Ins'ruments and Supp ies.

5. Oologists Instruments and Supplies.

6. ^Entomologists Instruments and Supi)lies.

7. Botanists Instruments and Sujjplies.

8. Miscellaiu^ous Seieutihc Instruments.

9. ycientihcally prepared Bird Skins.

10. Original Plates from Audubon's "Birds of America."

11. Collection of Bool^s and Publications devote(i to Natuial History.

12. Shells— From a showy or commercial standpoint.

13. Of Scientilic Shells we exhibited only the sinarle hn\n\y—Ildicida'. Of this
family we exhibited specimens of over 800 species vhich was l)y far the best dis-
play of the familv at the I]xposition. We could have made a display of over
10,000 species of Scientific shells— eclipsing that of any Government or establish-
ment— but our space and time would not permit.

In the centre of our space we erected a snug little office, this, we nsed as a
background and surroundered with exhibits.

At the right of the entrance to onr office we had a desk, upon which we
placed our business cards, pen ami ink. and last but not least onr "World's Fair
Register." Each page of this Register was divided into three columns at the top
of which were respec'ivelv printed in bold black lettei-s the following, "Name,"
"Address in Full," "Interested in." Over this desk and Register we placed a
sign or card of which the following is an exact, but greatly reduced, reproduction.

Please Refiister

are wos\.\y \uleTes\Led \u,
vje \NisVv to seud you our
CATyVLOGUE.

As to the number of names we secured in this Register— Our Mr. Webb — who
as yet remains in Chicago and with whom the safe keeping of onr Register is still
intrusted— writes, "Relative to the World's Pair Register we secured about
10,000 names of which from 7,500 to 8,000 would pay us to circularize."

THE GO LOG 1ST. 39

THE SCIENTISTS JNTERNATIONAL DIRECTORY.

Third. The last edition of the "Scientist.s' International Directory" con-
tains the names and addresses of over 6,000 Professional and Amateur American
Naturalists and Scientists, and over 1,000 Live Foreign ones, located in every
quarter of the Globe.

Summary. From these three sources:

1. Our own Correspondents.

2. Our World's Fair Register.

3. Scientists International Directory.

We shall secure at least 18,000 all different addresses and possibly a full 20,000
— to each of these we propose to send a sample copy of our No. 101, March, 1894,
Ooliigist.

Every copy will go to an address whom we believe will be interested in the
Oolojjist and the business of F. H. I^. & Co.

If we have convinced you that oui- laststatem^nt is a fact — Why will it not
pay you to have your Want, P^xchange or For Sale Notice or even a full page
advertisement in these 20,000 March Oologists?

OUR ADVERTISING RATES.

Rates xvill not be advanced but will remain the same as an
ordinary 2,500 edition which are as folows: Want, Exchange and For Sale
Notices 50 cts. per 35 words, Ic. per each additional one, each figure used in
these notices will be counted as a word or the same as when used iu a telegraph
message. Dealers can use the Want, Exchange • and For Sale Columns at
I'egular adveitising rates only, viz: 20c. per line, counting seven words to the line.

RATES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS.

20 cents per Nonpareil Line. 168 lines in every page.

No advertisement of less then 3 lines will be accepted for March issue.

All orders for advertisements amounting to $2.00(10 lines)or less must be ac-
■companied by cash.

Recapitulated Rates for the 20,000 edition for March, 1894 from which there
is positively uo deviation.

1 page (108 lines) $16.80

i " (84 " ) 10.50

I " (42 " ) 6.30

1 " (21 " ) 4.20

1-16' (10 " ) 2.00

Unless you have a satisfactory rating with either Dun's or Bradstreet's Cora-
niercial Agency, or can give us satisfactory Bank Reference, or have already had
siillifient dealings with us to satisfy us of your financial re lability, the cash must
accom])any your order. If, howevei', you have either of the above three require-
ments and your order is for space amounting to over $2.00 we will neither re-
quire nor ask for a single cent's pay until we prove to you

1st — By our i>rinter's allidavit that we have issued 20,000 copies of March

OoLOGI.ST

2d— By our P. O. postage receipts that we have mailed at least 15,000 of the
numijer.

THE EXPENSE OF MAILING 20,000 CIRCULARS

To print and mail a 2-))age circular the size of a page in the Oologist
wonbl cost you from $300 to .$400. We will print you a 2-page advertisement in
March Oologist for only J(>3»$.<iO or at one-tenth <h(! cost of printing the
circular. At! advertiscmi-nt iu March Oologist would stand a much better
chance of being preserved than the circular, and while the expens would not be
a tithe of that in the i.>^suance of the circular, we are conlidcnt that the /-esw/fe
which we are all after, would be largely in favor of the Oologist.

40 THE O0LOGISJ\

OUR BUSINESS AND THE CLASS WHOM IT INTERESTS.

Prank H": Isattin,

WalterPWebb;

■ ;: , YJV\o\'fe5a\e aud ,Re\:a\\ -Dea\erS' ;in. ' ' ' ■
SpECIM ENS, iNSTRU M ENT&, Su PPL.I BS,^

^JOBBERS IN ■■ . ; : (•'^

Ha\.ura\ Hi&tov^ Spee\roea& and :euno&\t\e&<-''
l\v't\f\c\a\ GiVafes t\|es, B'wd . %i\{\u&, B\rd E^^b, ; i
^AotV\&, Ballev^Vvefo, \t\d'\a\\ ReVvafe, >A\uera\6,
Fo&&\\&, Gova\&, Cab'vnet jand &VvOY<y^&V^\\&.

WE MAKE A SPECIALtV" OF ^
tver^ttwuO '\vvAV\e VioMe\t^, Souvemr^ and tSeiNe\r|
Vme that eaa be matwiWWed fvonv W\nera\fo, i
&par, -&he\\b, Teeth^ tte. &a'\tab\e ^pv the ; ;

E^l^ and RESORT TEIADEL

BtRD6 and MAMMA tiS

" TO.ouv\ted -Vx) order. ^"~

The above cut tells you our business, and it is with people that are interested
in this business that every copy of March Oologist will be placed.

They are of what is known as the "better class'' — a well to do, thoughtful,
intelligent class — composed of Business men; Profe.ssioual men; Students, Teach-
ers and Professors in our High Schools and Colleges. A class who spend at
least a week or so each year in an outing or vacation. A class who as a rule are
more or less interested in J^'ield Sports. And hist but not least, a class who are
regai'ded by the general public as "cranks" because they have a hobby in the
curio or specimen line, in which they are deeply interested and iu which the
general public can neither understand nor hardly appreciate.

They are, however, a profitable class "to work." We have tried it and know
whereof we speak. "We are also a pair of 'em and have been "worked" — nobody
knows better than ourselves our "failings" or inclinations to purchase or obtain
anything in which we are interested, regardless, to whether it is advisable for us
to do so or not.

We offer you space in this March Oologist at a nominal rate. If you think
you can profitably accept it, do so at once, a like opportunity will not occur for
many moons, perhaps never.

All copy must be iu not later than Feb. 25th. Let us hear from you as-
early as possible.

Faithfully,

Publishers of the Oologist.

F. H. LATTIN & CO.,

Albion, N. Y.

'^~^-€^yr ^Y .(^i_pU^<^y-&-^-^^<t^.

The Oologist.

VOL. XI. NO. 2.

ALBION, N. Y., FEB., 1894.

Whole No. 100

George Newbold Lawrence-
It is with no small amount of gratiti-
catiim that we present to the readers of
the Oologist this month a picture and
biographical sketch of a man who from
a standpoint of years and labors accom-
plished, can be well ranked as not only
the father but the grandfather, yes — the
gi'eat-grandfather of living ornitholo-
gists. For a number of years the sub-
ject of our sketch has been a subscriber
of the Oologist, and with such regular-
ity has been his renewal, usually ac-
companied with an order for other
material, that the writer has of late
years, as the Holida}^ season approached,
rather looked for the well-known
chirography of Mr. Lawrence. On
December 18, 1893, we received from
him the following letter:

New York, Dec. 17. 1893.

"As I hope soon to di.spose of my
Natural Historj' library, I am stopping
all sui)scriptious to scieutilic publica-
tions, therefore, please discontinue my
subscription to the 06logi.-t with the
completion of the present volume.

I have been confined to my room for
over two montlis, but am now gettii:g
better. I can read but little, and sev-
eral of your late numbers remain un-
read. As I am now in my 88th year, it
is aijout time to let up a little.

In getting the OciLOGi.sT into volumes
the following are missing. I think they
could not have come, as I kept them all
in one place. I am willing to pay for
them, as I want the volumes complete.
Yours truly,

Geo. N. Lawrenck.

Immediately upon receipt of this let-
ter the Publishers of the Oologist call-
ed a special meeting at which they cre-
ated a very exclusive order in connec-
tion with their little monthly, viz: —
that of an "Honorary Life Member" as
"we have previously stated, this order is
-a very exclusive one and for the present

at least is restricted to a single member.
To this membership Mr. Geo. N. Law-
rence was most unanimously elected.
The Chairman of this meeting at once
informed Mr. L.of the new honors con-
ferred on him and fully explained to
him the beauties of this new^ order and
requested him, in case he could not ac-
cept his election, to at least accept the
Oologist from month to month as it
came in his mail and if he could not use
it to better advantage "to toss it in his
waste basket" — in which case, under the
conditions stipulated, its publishers be-
ing ignorant of its disposition could im-
agine all sorts of pleasant things.

In reply to our letter we received the
following:

New York, Dec. 30. 1893.

I mu^t apologize for not sooner an-
swering 3'our letter of the 22d. I have
not been quite so well lately, and
though anxious to write you, was un-
able to do so. I also wanted to look
about the missing numbers. I am
greatly obliged for those sent.

Now for your intention of honoring
me. I certainly will not refuse the
tendered membership and feel pleased
by the compliment. I think I am Hon-
orary Member of three important so-
cieties, and member or corresuondent
of about twenty; but I try and let hon-
ors sit lightly.

As I have stopped so many periodi-
cals I will not object to the Oologist
coming and hope I may be able to read
it, certainly it will not go into the
waste basket.

Wishing you a prosperous New Year,
I am, yours truly,

Geo. N. Lawrence.

In the naming of birds Mr. Lawrence
has also been much honored, but no
more than his labors merited. The
genus Lawrencms, Ridgw. of Santo Dom-
ingo was named in honor to him as
well as the following North American
species of birds:

Myilnrchus lawrenceii, Giraud, Law-
rence's Flycatcher.

44

THE OOLOGJST.

Spinus lawreneei, Cassin, Lawrence's

Goldfinch.
Helminthophila lawreneei. Herkick,
Lawrence's Warbler (No. 20. A. O.
U. Hyp. list).

In addition to the above, sixteen
other siDceies, chielly Mexican, West
Indian and South American, liave
been named in his honor. Below we
give a biographical sketch of Mr. L. in
full as published in Mr. L. S. Foster's
"The Published W'ritings of George
Newbold Lawrence, 1844-1891. "=< Our
picture of Mr. Lawrence is a reproduc-
tion of a steel plate in this same work.

Mr. Lawrence's published writings. in
accordance to Mr. Foster's Bibliograph-
ical and Chronological catalogue, num-
ber one hundred and twenty -one (121).

Spencer F. Baird, who has aptly been
considered the Nestor ef American or-
nithologists, possessed, besides the ca-
pacity for organization, the power of
guiding as well as enkindling enthusi-
asm.

Fortunate was it for ornithological
science when, in 1841, Prof. Baird and
Mr. (ieorge N. Lawrence formed an ac-
quaintanceship, which soon ripened in-
to a close and lasting intimacy. Stim-
ulated by this, Mr. Lawrence then com-
menced the scientific study of birds.
From his earliest recollection, however,
birds had attracted him and he had
paid considerable attention to them.

George Newbold Lawrence was born
in the city of New York, where he has
always resided, on October 20, 180B.
His parents were both of English stock;
his father's ancestors, coming to this
country in 1635, finally settled in New
York, and those on his mother's side lo-
cated in Burlington County, N. J. in
168L

His business career was an active and
successful one, he having at the early age
of twenty entered into a partnership,
with his father and others, in the whole-
sale drug business in New York City.
In this he continued for thirty-six years,
devoting assiduously his spare time to
ornithology. In his earlier efforts to
preserve bird-skins he endeavored to
do so without removing the body of the

* Bulletin of the United States National Mus-
eum, No. 40. Biljliographies of American Nat-
urali.sts: IV. The Published Writings of
Georfe Newbold Lawrence. 1844-1891, by L. S.
Poster, Washington, Smithsonian Institution,
1893.

bird, lacking a=! yet the council of a.
skilled taxidermist. This indicates
that he felt an iiTesistil)le spur to ac-
tion, the impelling force of all earnest
souls.

Repeatedly he was of service to the
Smithsonian Insitutiou in the details of"
outfitting expeditions for field work,
and in many ways aided Prof. Baird in
scientific matters. He took the inita-
tive in oi'gaui/ing the Ober expedition
to the Lesser Antilles.

He became a near neighbor of John
James Audubon at about the close of
the life of that illustrious naturalist,
and was very familliar with his sons
Vi(;tor and John. For the many years
covered by his activity in ornithology
he has couducied an extensive corres-
pondence, embracing most of the na-
turalists throughout the world, partic-
ularly those interested in ornithology.

His collection of bird-skins of great
scientific value, numi)eriug about 8,000
specimens, and containing some 300
types of new species of birds, was de-
posited in the American Museum of Na-
tural History, New York City, in May,
1887.

He joined The Lyceum of Natural
History in the City of New York in
1845, and now is a member,a fellow and
a patron of its successor. The New York
Academy of Sciences. Upon the orga-
nization of The American Ornitholo-
gists' LTnion, in 1883, he became an ac-
tive member, and at its Eight Congress,
Movember, 1890, he was elected an hon-
orary member. Of the Linnjvan So-
ciety of New York, he likewise is an
hononarv inember, having been chosen
as such April 13, 1878. The British Or-
uithologi-ts' Union made him a foreign
member in 1872, anil he is also connect-
ed with a large number of kindred so-
cieties in th s and other conutnes

Throughout his scientific career Mr..
Lawrence has commanded the confi-
dence and respect of all of his contem-
poraries, with many of whom he has
formed cordial friendships, and it is
with amazement that we considpr the
long list of great names, from Vieillot
to the present time, that since the birth
of Mr. Lawrence have impressed indelib^
ly the brilliancy of their splendid geni-
us on American ornithology. Wilson,
Audubon, Bonaparte, Brewer, Nuttall,
Baird, Cassin, Girand.DeKay, and many
more have come, and passed on, during
the stretch of one life. Of a verity
American ornithological science has.
been favored in its leaders during the-
last fourscore years.

THE OOL'JGIST.

45

Tlie lieuificial iufiuence of the labors
tif Mr. Lawrence, with pen and pencil,
on the pi'oojress of American ornithohigy
has lieen great and undisputed, l)ut it
was particularly among the avifauna of
the West Indies, Mexico, Central and
South America that his most strenuous
elforts were exerted. All hut 17 of the
3iy new species of binls describi'd by
him came from that region. Endowed
with great power of analysis and a I'e-
markal)le patience, he applied these to
the investigation of specitic distinctions,
and liis conclusions have but rarelj'
been questioned.

A scrutiny of the titles of his numer-
ous pa])ers will fully indicate the wide
scope and excellent character of the
work of this veteran ornithologist.

A Letter from John B Hindtime.

Deaii Mi{. Editor:

Having heaid from a cousin of mine
who is a collecter of birds eggs tnatyou
publish a paper on this subject, I
thought my long and varied experience
in this line might qualify me to write
something of value for your journal.
I have collected steadily for tw^o years,
and have formed a tine collection of
one hundred and tvv'enty odd species,
the entire collection containing about
one thousand eggs, many of which are
rare in this vicinity and I may say rare
in the state. Formerly I had no taste
for collecting, but learning that my
cou.sin wa? forming a cabinet, and see-
ing that most of the fellows around
here were getting up museums, I fell
into line and was delighted with my
success for I now have a large and
unique collection. I shall visit my
cousin soon to see how his collection
coinpares with mine.

This is a fine locality for collecting.
Robins, Bluebirds, Jaj's, and other
species abound, and fiequently I .see
specimens of French Mockingbirds and
Gray Mockingbirds, with an occasional
Hawk, Owl or Crow. On ray last
ramble ol saw several Hawks Hying
overhead in cycles and epicycles, and
my heart thrilled at the sight of these
noble birds. I highly prize the single

specimen of their eggs, which I found
in a hole in a dead tree. It cost me a
hard climb, and I was surprised to find
them laying in such a place, but as I
shot the old bird sitting in the tree I
am i)ositive of my great find.

Perhaps a few words upon preparing
birds' eggs may not be amiss from me,
as another season is about to begin,
and my experience in lilowiug eggs
should have taught me some valuable
lessons.

For piercing the shell I formerly used
a darning-needle, but recently I pro-
cured a three-sided needle from the
carriage-maker, and I find this is an
improvement upon my first implement,
as by gently rotating it I can pierce the
shell with less danger of breakage.
Natural philosophj'^ teaches that to se-
cure a 11 (Av of liquid from an air-tight
cavity two holes are necessary, the
reason for which requires no discussion
here. The larger hole I always make
first in the larger end of the egg, by
piercing a small ring of fine holes and
then breaking away the part enclosed
in the ring. The reason I make a ring
of small holes is that when I pick out
the part enclosed there is no great
danger of cracking the other parts of
the shell, which will fi-equently happen,
however, with an- inexperienced egg-
blowist. The large opening need not be
more than one-fourth of an inch in
diameter, except in cases of heavily
incubated eggs, when the outlet may
be enlarged to meet the conditions.
None of my eggs contain holes more
than one-half an inch in diameter.

The second hole iu the smaller end
of the egg I make quite small, as air
Avill enter through the very smallest
aperture, and I thiidc it spoils theclooks
of eggs to have two large holes. Ap-
plying the lips to the smaller aperture,
I l)low gent[y, taking care not to burst
the shell by suddeu j)ufl's. Sometimes
hard blowing is necessary, but patient
work is always rewarded, and the

46

THE OOLOGIST.

smallest aud most heavily incubated
eggs cau easily be blown by making the
opening large enough and by bloiving
long enotigh.

When I wrote to luj- cousin describ-
hig my method of blowing eggs he re-
plied that he had a trick of blowing
them through one hole in the side,
which he learned from reading your
paper. When I visit him I shall see
what there is in it.

Some of the collectors in this neigh-
borhood have little cards upon which
they write the date, species, locality
and other items concerning the eggs
they find. They place these cards,
which they call datas, w^ith the eggs in
their museums. I do not need these
datas, for I am familiar with the eggs
of this region and know the history of
all the eggs in my collection. It is also
a great bother to till out a data for
every egg one finds. And then when
one is showing his collection to his
friends, it is a gi'eat display of knowl-
edge to know each egg by name, though
frequently the eggs of various species
do resemble one another in a perplex-
ing degree, but I have some little
point which I always note and thus tix
the eggs of each species in my mind.
Sometimes I write the name upon the
eggs and thus avoid any mistake, and
am saved tha trouble of filling ont the
little datas.

Many of the species represented in
my collection are in no other collection
in this vicinity. I have a fine egg of
the Turkey Buzzard, which I found in
a nest in the top of a large maple in a
grove. I was collecting one afternoon
this spring, when I observed theTurkey
Buzzard tiy from the trees some dis-
tance ahead, and highly excited I rush-
ed forward to find a large nest high in
the maples. 1 seldom climli into the
treetops for nests, as one so frequently
finds them empty and I dislike climb-
ing for nothing. But I felt that this
was an opportunity too good to be lost,
for 1 knew that no other collector here-
abouts had eggs of this species in his

cabinet. I clambered up the tree and'
mounted to the nest, which had pre-
viously been occupied by Crows, and
in it 1 found one egg of a pale bine
color. I w;is .somewhat disappointed
in the size of the egg, which I imagined
would be larger, but I was too elated
over my great find to complain. The
egg is now snugly jjaeked away out of
sight and harm's way until fall, when
1 shall send my collection to the county
fair and spi'ing a grand surprise on the
boys who intend to send their collect-
ions for competition.

I make it a rule to take all the eggs.
I find, for in case of breakage in carry-
ing, blowing or handling, I can replace
^"y Pg^-'' bi"oken and thus till out the
sets. Also I have heard that it is the
thing to have a series of eggs of the
different birds of the vicinity, and by
taking all the eggs I tind, I can foi'm
full series. My series of Catbird eggs
embraces thirty-five specimens, and I
have a choice series of twenty-four eggs
of the Turtle Dove. Then by taking
all the eggs I am able to secure speci-
mens of species not in other collections.

If the eggs are unfamiliar to me I
refer to the ''Universal Handbook of
Ornitholog3'," for which I paid one
dollar, and by its help I can easily de-
termine the names of all my eggs.
From the use of this book I find that
many birds breed around here which
are generally thought to breed bej'ond
our limits. I advise every collector to
have a copy of some good work on
ornithology by which he can study up
on the birds he meets.

If you see fit to publish this iu your
paper please send me a few extra
copies to hand to my friends, as I wish
them to know I am writing for the
paper. Yours,

John B. Hindtime.

P. S. I neglected to mail the fore-
going letter on time, and since it was
w^'itten 1 visited my cousin and ex-
amined the eggs in his museum,

Mr. Editor he has a trick of blowing
eggs tiu'ough one hole, and a small one
too, in the side, and I must have a set
of those instruments for preparing.eggs.
I saw a copy of your paper in his desk,,
and I tind your terms are only fifty
cents a year, Avhile I paid one dollar
for my •'Universal Handbook," which
my cousin says is a fraud. He tells me
that all the best books on ornithology
are advertised in j'our paper, as well
as the latest ideas on oology, and I en-
close fifty cents for a year's subscrip-

THE OOLOGIST.

tion. I will start iu earnest aud iu the
fall [ will spring a real surprise (<n the
boys. J. B. H.

[We print John's interesting -and
startling letter in full, and trust that
the moral which may be readily deduced
by its perusal, will set many of the
Oologist's younger readers to serious-
ly thinking, and should they decide or
question as to whether there is not a
striking similarity between John's and
their own Experience, we would sug-
gest that they drop egg collecting and
take up stamps or coins, unless like
John, they decide to begin anew and
strive to be a true oologist as defined
in December Oologist. — Eds.]

Watching Flickers.

The winter of '93 here in Minnesota
was exceptionallj" cold, and when about
the 1st of April the sun came out from
the clouds and the lai'ge drifts began to
melt away everyone was glad to see
spring once morg.

Every day after this the snow seemed
to gradually disappear and the days
grew gradually warmer. Flocks of
birds were seen migrating and once in
a while a single crow. More birds
were seen every day and most of them
busy searching for food.

But what a change when one morn-
ing I woke up to realize that it was tive
degrees below zero and six inches of
snow on the ground. Hardly a bird
was to be seen and those that were
seen at all were flying back and forth
in search of refuge.

Upon dressing and going out to the
barn I found quite an assemblage of
birds, who in a very uncomplimentary
manner, took to flight at my approach.
During the day the weather grew warm-
er and at noon the thermometer was just
zero. The next morning the tliermom-
eter stood about one below zero and by
noon it was (luite warm. The snow
melted almost all day and the next
morn ng bare places could be seen and
especially around trees, revealing the
grass and a few acorns.

That night upon coming into my
room 1 heard a fluttering of wings, and
on lighting a lamp I found a Flicker
flying around the room and recklessly
dashing with its long beak into any-
thing that came in its wa.y.

I suppose it had flown into the room
to escape the cold, the window being
open. I went down stairs and found a
small starch box and after quite a chase
succeeded in capturing him. I cut a
small hole iu the top of the box for
air, and then retired.

The next morning I thought 1 would
have some fun with my captive, so I
took the box out in a grove back of the
house, set it down on the snow and
then went back into the barn to watch
for further developments.

At first all I could hear was the
Flicker drumming at intervals, but
soon I heard drummings from other
places, and on looking closely, discov-
ered eight other Flickers on different
trees and all of them quite near the
box. First the one in the box would
drum away and then another until
each had had. its turn, and then they
would start over again.

In a little while all drumming stop-
ped and 1 noticed that they were grad-
ually getting nearer to the box. Final-
ly one of them flew upon the box, and
at once the bird inside began to drum.
When he stopped the one on top
seemed to answer, and then both be-
gan to peck around the air hole. Then
another and another Flicker came to
help until there wer'j four birds on the
l)ox, pecking at the hole and endeavor-
ing to free their friend inside.

Thinking that 1 might catch some
more of these birds, I fixed a box-trap
near the caged bird so that I could op-
erate it from the barn by a long string.
Then I threw a handful of wheat under
the trap as bait. I noticed for the first
time a swarm of birds on the barn. I
think there must have been fifty at
least and most of them Sparrows and

■48

THE OOLOGIST.

Bluebirds. All of them were silent aud
still and seemed to understand that
something queer was going on.

I will not relate how I caught each
Flicker. Suffice it to say that after a
few failures and about two hours' work
1 succeeded in catching live more
Flickers.

As soon as I sprung the trap the lirst
time I heard a sort of Huttexnng on the
roof and on going out I could see the
birds who were on the barn flying off
in all directions, probably alarmed by
the falling of the trap.

I put tha five Flickers in boxes aud
fed them for a few days, but when une
of them died I concluded it would be
best to let them go as they would prob-
ably share the same fate soon. After I
let them go they disappeared and I was
rather sorry because I liked to watch
them.

I think there is nothing more inter-
esting than to watch birds who ai'e
placed in peculiar circumstances.

Plax,
St. Anthony Park, Minn.

Finding a Nest of the Hooded Merganser.

I have known for a number of years,
that the Hooded Merganser has nested
along the Grand River, but have never
been able to find one until last j^ear.

On or about the first of May, '93,
while fishing on the l)anks of the river,
I saw a female Hooded Merganser fly
down into the river to feed, and then
fly back into the woods about 30 rods,
where it was low and marsh3', and light
in the top of an old elm stub over 40
feet^ high and 5 feet in diameter. I
aftei wards told some boys of my dis-
covery. The next day we took climb-
ers aud ropes and set out to climb the
stub, which I assure you was a very
difficult task. Finally one of the boys
succeeded in climbing it.

There were two prongs at the toi?,

and he found the nest in the larger one
about 4 feet down. The Duck was on
and flew off about the time he discov-
ered it. The nest was lined with feath-
ers and down and contained seven eggs
of a pearly white color.

In order to get them he cut a hole
through the side of the tree on a level
w'th the nest and took them out that
way, lowering them one at^a time in a
box made for that purpose.

We found in trying to di'ill them
they were so hard that an ordinary
drill would not penetrate them. My
father made me a drill with which I
fir ally succeeded in drilling them, and
found them badly incubated, but with
care and patience I succeeded in get-
ting some extra fine specimens. The
largest measured 2.25.'cl.75 aud the
smallest 2.12x1.56.

Had I made oology a study ten years
ago, as I have since taking the OoLO--
Gi.ST, I could have made a very valu-
able collection of duck's eggs, as the
Hooded Merganser, Mallard and Wood
Duck nested all along the Grand River
and its tributaries, until within a few
years, Frank H. Lord.

Saranac, Mich.

A White Grackle.

On October 10 or 12, 18!)3, a farmer
named Dean Miller shot a White Grackle
on his farm one mile west of here. It
was with a Hock of Grackles that were
feeding in a corn field. He shot it and
then had a Taxidermist mount it.

The bird is pure white without the
slightest trace of black, the bill is of a
cream color, the feet are white with a
grayish tint and the eyes are light yel-
low with black pupils.

The bird's structure shows it to be of
the Grackle species and in all it is a
very handsome specimen.

F. A. COLBi',

Beatrice, Neb.

THE OOLOGIST.

49

The Oologist,

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to

OOLOGY AND ORNITHOLOGY.

F. H. LATTIN, & CO., Publishers.
ALBION, N. Y.

FRANK H. LATTIN, WALTER F. WEBB,

Editors.

C'orresponaence and items of Interest to tne
student of Birds, tlieir Nests and Eggs, solicited
from all.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

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iWTCnEO AT THE POST O^FtCG *t ALDiON, N, Y., AS SECCND-CLASS MATTe«.

Mr Howard CucUip dierl at the home
of his father, Washirgton, D. C, in
October last

Mr. J. P. Newell, Jr. of Carthage,
Mo. writes of taking 14 eggs from a
nest of the Red-shafted Flicker besides
leaving four to hatch.

We are indebted to Messrs. Bradford
& Beadles of Mayfield, Ky. for an in-
vitation to the Third Annual Supper of
the K. K. K. (Hunting and Fishing)
Club. The supper was served in old
fashioned camp style and the follow-
ing was the Bill of Fare: Fish. Crop-
pie: broiled, fiied; Trout: broiled, fried.
Game. Bear: steak, roast; Venison:
steak, I'oast: Quail: broiled; Duck: baked
stewed; Squirrel: broiled; K. K. K.:
camp stew; Rabbit: barbecued. Breads.
Corn Light Bread; Baker's Bread.
Crackers, Pickles, Catsup, Onions, Wor-
cester Sauce, K. K. K. Coffee, Water.
The Menu cards were elegant souven-
irs of the occasion. SoiTy we couldn't
have been there.

Wm. G. Smith, formerly of Loveland,
Colorado, is now conducting an eating
house in Deal, England. If Friend S.
mak'^s as good a landlord as he is a
naturalist his house will be full to over-
flowing at all times.

Frauds Again.

I am very sorry to l)e compelled to
warn my ornithological brethren
against any party who oilers such eggs
as:— Pac. Kittiwake, Pac. Fulmer, Pela-
gic Cormorant, Arizona Pyrrholoxia and
many other such like sub-specific rari-
ties. It has painfully dawned upon me
that parties who offer such eggs as the
above ''in exchange for common spe-
cies" are to be absolutely avoided if
one would escape mortification and
loss.

Let me em])ellish this warning with
a bit of humor. A set of "Rustj'"
Grackle offered me with sets of the
above showed, when examined with a
microscope, some erasures, but the
small end of one egg bore, boldly, tha
following overlooked i!iseription"3C)0|".
This particular egg, then, had at some
time done duty as an egg of the
"Smoky-fronteil Jay!" Trulj-, there is
fun, sometimes, even in failure.

P B. Pea BODY,
Ovvatonna, Minn.

50

THE OOLOGIST.

Some Winter Bird Notes

Perhaps at uo season of the year is
cousisteut study more remunerative to
the ever observant student of ornithol-
ogy, than in winter. The spring-time
and summer, when the cleared field
and the woodland, the marsh and treach-
erous slough alike present the activity
of a "Cherokee Strip," as the feathered
hosts return to take possession and
rear their bi'oods, excite our enthusiasm
as we note theindusti-y and the thought
displayed on every hand. In winter
our admiration is great as we note the
hardships so bravely met, the reason,
tact, and wit, displayed by those daring
little fellows who, when the pomp and
color of the annual migratory ranks has
passed, remain to battle with frosty
blast and driven sleet and often look
without despair, upon starvation in its
many threats. Now is brought out the
inherent dispositions, so various in the
different species, as each thought, each
nerve is strained to procui'e food and
detect the many natural enemies. Not
only is the utmost diligence required
but reason, undisguised, is made appar-
ent in each act. The summer of plenty
and content brings forth, in the lower
forms as in the highest, the happiness,
the gayety, attendant upon success.
With man in the arctic wilderness in
winter and with birds exposed to the
same conditions, we find the natui*es
altered, the altitude changed from one
of exuberance to that of grave reason-
ing and utmost industry as necessity
compels.

Then in winter we may learn much
of a bird's depth of thought which it
may command as environment re-
quires.

Very noticeable, during my almost
daily walks about the fields, has been
the apparent absence of three of our
most common and regular winter res-
idents: the Tree Sparrow, S/izella
monticola, the Junco., Junco hyemalis.

and the Prairie Horned Lark, Otocoris-
cdpestris Jraiicola . These are usually
to be found in abundance in winter,^
the Tree Sparrows and Horned Larks
in the fields feeding upon the seeds of
weeds, which have been allowed to
staud, and the Juncos more frequently
about the shubbery and kitchen door.
The Juncos came here in" the fall as
usual with the Tree Sparrows, but I
have seen neither since October 28th,
'93. Where these birds are if they are-
present at all, I am at loss to know.

Sometime anro, a laborer came to me
Avitli the iuformation that a "big hawk"
was Hying round and round a marshy
pond which he had chanced to pass.
I immediately set forth, for it was al-
ready nearly dark. When I came
within sight, a large bird which I at.
first took to be a male Marsh Hawk,
was soaring above the coarse grass and
snow, now and then swooping suddenly-
down to alight for a moment but as
suddenly to lake wing again. As I drew
nearer I recognized it to be aBarredOwl,
Syrnium nebulostim. Never before have-
I had so good a chance to study this
owl's method of hunting. It is exceed-"
ingly active in flight, soaring fully two-
thirds of the time, as would a hawk.
Its agility in turning suddingly upward
or downward and in wheeling about
was remarkable, much after the fashion
of the last. It was evidently in search
of meadow mice. I was finally detected
and his owl-ship made haste in escaping
over the hills to the woodlands near.

In none of our winter birds is shown
such a lovable disposition, combined
with so much of modest beauty, as in
our common Mourning Dove, Zenai-
dura macronra. This winter a flock, of
about twenty, has made a farm yard
its head quarters, picking up the corn
and seeds, scattered in feeding the-
stock. These doves increase very fast,
but many perish in our coldest winter
Aveather. Many a cold morning have I
found several of these tender birds.

THE OOLOGIST.

51

hiuldlecl together by some stack so cold
that I eonld pick them up iu my hacds.
More oftea have I found them frozen
stiff in a little group, entirely lifelike in
position and appearance.

On December iith, I observed for the
tirst time, that great ilocks of the Snow
Bunting, PlccArojihenax nivalis had ap-
peared upon the wintry scene with all
the zest of their frolicsome natures.
They have interested me much. Their
sudden appearance upon the bare ice
of on open lake, where all wpuld alight
within the radius of a few feet, com-
pletely covering the surface, then their
all as sudden and mystic departure to
and among the surrounding hillsides,
leaving the observer staring iu amaze-
ment at "where the}'^ should be," and
their altogether restless movements,
I'ender them almost dreamlike. Why
they gather upon the ice and thib is a
very characteristic habit of theirs here,
I have been unable, so far, to deter-
mine. Their quaint notes seem to con-
vey to the mind a thought of home-
sickness. The half dozen specimens
taken for my collection were very fat and
1 think that they will not loseHesh here
in Michigan, if we may take their diet
as data bearing upon this point. The
crops contained a large per cent of
wheat, taken from the surface of the
fall-sown fields, with some seeds of the
pigeon grass and other smaller ones
not identified. It is surprising to see
how soon these usually suspicious birds
learn to regard the gunner with the ut-
most fear. Though not uncommon the
Snow Bunting is not of regular oocur-
eoce in Washtenaw Co.

I wish that I might take you all, on
some pleasant morning, one mile across
the fields to the border of a lonely little
swamp; at least so it is called, but hei*e
is a place of great attraction at present,
to those who love the study of birds.
At this place in the late fall some dogs
killed a sheep and nearly stripped it of
flesh. Through the snow protrude the

ghastly ribs bearing bits of llesh, and
this is our point of observation, la
quest of the frozen bits of meat come
Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers, Blue
Jays, Chickadees, White breasted Nut-
hatches, and a huge Red-tailed Hawk.
Here I have watched all but the Buteo
at one time, and as they tug and quai'-
rel and scream their iliU'erent temper-
ments are shown superbly. How dif'
ferent from the dainty Chickadee, as he
pecks away at some tiny morsel, is the
rowdyish onslaught of, that bully
among birds, the Blue Jay. How dif
ferent from either is the fierceness
with which the mighty Red-tail hauls
and twists on some ligament or ten-
don with beak and talons. Yet all
have iu view the one object, food.

Again we find the Great Horned Owl,
Bilbo virginianus, charged with crime
and in custody. A neighbor hearing,
cries from his ill- protected fowls, one
moonlight night, rushed from the house,
gun in hand, just in time to take a wing-
shot at one of these magnificent birds.
The charge of shot merely tipped its
wing and it was taken alive It has
quite recovered, and is now in my pos-
session, a fine mate for one of its kind
which I have reared from a dov^^ny
chick. Here, as in other places, the
farmer neither appreciates nor cares
to understand, as a rule, the good
which the Hawks and the Owls do hinu
He has, in the township, voted a twenty-
five cent bounty for each Hawk or Owl
head presented at the otlice of theTowa
Clerk. Crows are honored with a val-
uation of tifteen cents per head. Hence,
every small toy and lazy man is try-
ing to earn a living, l)y killing the grand-
est, the most imposing order of birds
our country affords. Yet the stealthy
cat and howling cur go free, doing
more damage to fowls than all other
marauders put together. A few misde-
meanors credited to these birds, how-
ever, condemn them all. and the ti'ue
lover of birds stands aghast at the wan-

52

THE COIAKJIST.

ton slaiightpr. Of late a tine Bald
Eagle's head was presented for bounty,
the learned clerk registered "Hawk"
and paid the sum.

Id closing these rambling notes I will
but add that there are fewer birds here
this winter, so far, tiiau I liave ever
known before. No straggler from the
North has come to reward my ardent
search. In vain have I looked for rare
Hawks, Owls, Grosbeaks or Crossbills
etc. In their absence however I will
have more time to devote to our most
common species which are CAcr with us
and which we should niost thoroughly
undei'staud.

L. Whitney Watkix.s

Manchester, Mich.

Along the Outlet Creek-

Ballston Lake is a narrow little sheet
of water about three miles long, and
drained by a creek, which, for the tirst
mile or so, Mows through an extensive
muck swamp, psrt of which is under-
laid with shell marl of an unknown
depth.

The wagon road across this swamp at
the outlet of the lake is constantly set-
tling and require,'! tilling in every few
years to keep it fi"om sinking below
the water level.

From the lower end of this swamp to
the bridge at the lake is part of a favor-
ite collecting trip; the swamp is well
wooded with elm, soft maple, and ash
trees and Red-shouldei'ed Hawk's nests
are quite common. I took two sets of
their eggs there last spring.also one set
of Cooper's and one of Bro id-wing's.

One day this fall I was through there
looking for ducks on the'OutletCreek;"
the trip was not a success as a duck
hunt, as I saw but two ducks [Anas ob-
scum), but I saw the first living Great
Blue Heron I ever came across, for al-
though the American Bittern and Gi'een
Heron frequent the low marshy lauds,
the Great Blue is only occasionally met

with; a friend of mine has one stuffed
that was shot in this town.

As I continued up the creek, flocks of
noisy Blackbirds began to fly over and
I soon came upon a large flock of
Grackles, Robins, Red-wings and Cow-
birds, the tirst two named singing their
sweetest songs, and the others joining
in now and then, and all flitting and
hopping hither and thither among the
trees and bushes hunting their living.

I once had a tame Robin that I took
as a nestling, that used to sing.oh! such
sweet, tender, loving little songs, and
his joyous whistle could be heard a
block away, but till now I had never
heard such demonstrations from the
wild Robins, nor did I know what sweet
music the common chattering Purple
Grackle could make.

They seemed fairly bubbling over
with happiness and love of mother
Nature, and of the good God who cares
so wisel}' for them. As night was com-
ing I had to hurry home, but I felt a
closer acquaintance with my little feath-
ered friends than had before been my
privilege.

B. A. G.
Ballston Spa. N. Y.

The Spring and Summer Birds of Central Park
New Yorli.

A large number of birls, while wend-
ing their way northward on their
Spring migration, stop for a few daj's
in Central Park, N. Y. before continu-
ing their journey towards their accus-
tomed breeding places. Quite a few of
these visitors seem to be so pleased
with their short visits, that they decide
to stop with us during the breeding
season, and so create a goo. I field for
the Ornithologist in the centre of a
large and prosperous citj'.

I spent most of my time dui'ing the
early morning hours of May, l.bOS, in
observation of the birds that passed
through the park during this month,

THE OOLOGIST.

55

and was much pleased with the list that
I was able to secure, the Warbler fam-
ily seeming especially abundant.

The following is a list of birds seen
by me Lu Central Park during May,
1893.

American Herring Gull, Green Hen^n,
Black-crowned Night Heron, Spotted
Sandpiper, Red-shouldered Hawk, Yel-
low-billed Cuckoo, Black-billed Cuckoo,
Bt>ited Kingfi.sher, Down}' Woodpecker,
Flicker, Night-hawk, Chimney Swift,
Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Kingbird,
Phoebe, Blue Jay, American Crow. Fish
Crow, Cowbirii, lied-winged Blackbird,
Baltimore Oriole, Purple Grackle, Red-
poll, American Goldtiuch, White-throat-
ed Sparrow, Chipping Sparrow, Field
Sparrow, Song Sparrow, Swamp Spar-
row, Towhee, Cardinal, Scarlet Tana-
gei", Barn Swallow, Rough-vviugedSwal-
low, Cedar Waxwing. Reil-eyed Vireo,
Warbling Vireo, Yellow-throatedVireo,
White-eyed Vireo, Black and White
Warbler, Worm-eating Warbler, Blue-
winged Warbler, Parula Warbler. Yel-
low Warbler, Black-throated Blue Warb-
ler, Mj'rtle Warbler, Magnolia Warb-
ler, Chestnut-sided Warbler, Black-poll
Warbler, Blackburnian Warbler, Black-
throated Green Warbler, Yellow Palm
Warbler, Oven Bird, Mai-yiand Yellow-
throat, Canadian Warbler, American
Redstart, Catbird, Brown Thrasljer,
House W^ren, Brown Creeper, White-
breasted Nuthatch, Chickadee, Ruby-
crowned Kinglet, Wood Thrush, Wil-
son's Thrush, Olive-backed Thrush,
Hermit Thrush. American Robin, Blue-
bird, European Goldfinch, English Skj'-
lark, and the ever present English
Sparrow.

Among all the birds that stop to breed
in Central Park, the Cardinal Grosbeak
is one of the most attractive. About
May 15th these brightly colored visitors
commence housekeeping; they choose
some secluded spot, distant from any
path, and there build tiieir large com-
pact nest, generally placing it in the

centre of a thick bush, well hidileu
from the sight of any mischievous boy
or watchful e^g collector.

The White-breasted Nuthatch, Song
Sparrow and Robin, are among the first
arrivals in the -Spring, and they- too
stop with us during the breeding season
and raise their broods in suitable spots
in the park; they not only spend the
summer with us l)ut occasionally the
Winter also

The European Goldtinch is a regular
breeder in the park, and, and makes i*.
welcome addition to our breeding birds.
In Wiutf^r I have often seen a large
tiock of this industrious species search-
ing for their sustenance among the dead
leaves and bushes of lh<^ ramble.

The English Skylark has been intro-
duced into this country and I believe is
becoming more numerous every year.
Last season a pair of these birds built a
nest in the corner of the roof of the
Museum of Natural History, and suc-
ceeded in raising a brood there.

The Wood Thi'ush and Catoird are
very well represented during Spring
and Summer, and like the Cardinal
Grosbeak select the most secluded
spots to build their nest.

Very few of the Warblers are found
during the breeding season in Central
Park, although I have several times
discovered a nest of the Y'ellow Warb-
ler, which invariably contained a Cow-
bird's egg; this impostor not even per-
mits the birds of the City to raise their
broods in peace, but imposes upon them
the responsil:)ility of caring for one of
their deceitful race.

W' M. Y. Hawley.

Great Horned Owl .

F. C. Hubbard, Geneva, O.

Bubo Virgininnus (G.mel) Great
Horned Owl is well represented in and
ax-ound Ashtabula County. Dnring the
season of 1893 three were secured by

54

THE O0l.O(;;ST.

sportsmen, and Chai'lesMaltbie, a poul-
try raiser on the outskirts of Geneva,
poisoned a male and female. Some of
his chickens were in the habit of roost-
ing on the fence surrounding the park
in preference to the coop and one morn-
ing when Mr. M. w^ent to feed them he
found one of his best Minorca hens
half eaten up, and supposed it to be the
Avork of a skunk or some other animal.
Thinking the destroyer might return
the next night to finish the chicken, he
left it iu the same position and sprinkl-
ed it with strychnine. He was rewarded
next morning by linding not a skunk
but a (ireat Horned Owl Avhich proved
to be a male, and still alive; it ate too
much of the drugged meat to get away.
The following morning a female Owl
was found in the same condition ;neither
were dead and would snap viciously
when poked with a stick. On giving
them a little w^ater the strychnine
quickly did its work. Mr. M. has had
a great deal of trouble with these birds.
The following story rivals the Eagle
who carried off the babe: It was in the
year of '85 that I had a small terrier
that came \ery near being cai'ried off
by one of these birds. It was just
growing dark and I was returning from
my work and just entered the lane lead-
ing to the barn when I heard the dog
begin to howl in a most piteous man-
ner iu the direction of the front yard
but did not think much of it, supposed
some one had hit him; but when he had
howled for a minute or so I began to
think something was wrong, and on
runuiug around the house, what should
I see but one of these pesky birds try-
ing to cany off the dog. The dog soon
proved to big a load for the Owl and he
slowly descended to the ground, drop-
ped the dog and started to ffy off, but
Jim, who had been waiting an oppor-
tunity during the struggle was to quick
for him and 'peppered' him with a big
charge of buckshot. I had him stuffed
and you can see him bj^ coming into

the house, which we made haste to do.
He was the finest specimen of the Great
Horned Owl I ever saw.

So far 1 have been unable to find any
of their nests but hope to secui'e a set
of eggs the coming season.

White-throated Sparrow in St- Lawrence Co.,
N. Y.

July 19, 1893. As I was entering a
narrow piece of evergreen, chiefly
cedar, woods, situated in a rather low
place, I flush^'d a White-throated Spar-
row, {Zonotrichia albicollis) from her
nest of four eggs. It was placed on the
gi-ound near a fallen tree, and was
pretty well concealed by the grass and
a bunch of ferns which overhung it.

The nest was a tine, compact struct-
ure, composed of grasses, weeds, stalks,
etc., and lined with fine grass and horse
hair.

The eggs resembled those of the Song
Spari'ow in size and markings, but
Avere rather lighter and less heavily
marked than the general run of Song
Sparrows. On blowing one of them J
found incubation to be considerably
advanced. This egg measured .81x61.

Two days later I visited the nest and
found the female' on it. I approached
within three or four feet of her,'so close
th^t I could plainly see the yellow ex-
tending from' base of bill to eye, before
she left the nest.

This is the on]3' instance of this Spar-
row's breeding here that has come un-
der my notice. Davie saj's they breed
in Northern New York, "nesting in
June.'" This, then, was probably a
second set.

C. Houghton.
Potsdam, N. Y.

Bohemian Waxwings.

On the 14th of Jan., '91 on coming
out of a neighbor's house I noticed a
large flock of birds on a tree across the

THE OOLOGIST.

55

■street and on going closer, to my sur-
prise, found them to be Bohemian
Waxwings, two hundred or more; but
being away from home and not know-
ing whei'e to borrow a gun handy I was
obliged to leave them.

Again in M^rch I saw aflock of Cedar
Waxwings alight in a mountain ash
picking berries that remain on during
the winter. Upon coming close to
them I noticed four or five Bohemians
in company with them.

Saturday, Dec. 16, '93. Again to-day
I saw five Bohemians in a mountain
ash feeding, but no chance to secure
one; also one Robin in their company.
Of the latter I have seen from one to a
dozen all winter. They feed on moun-
tain ash berries also and stay until
gone. W. E. Webster,

Oskosh, Wis.

Bald Eagles in Missouri-

Nov. 15, 1803. I have just skinned a
very large specimen of the Bald Eagle
that was shot about seven miles north
of here. It measured seven feet from
tip to tip, was three feet long, weighed
fifteen and a half pounds and was very
fat. It was shot with No. nine shot
while flying. This bird makes the tifth
Eagle that has been captured around
here during the last summer and fall. I
cannot account for their being here be-
cause the country is mostly open.
Curtis Wright, Jr.,
Carthage, Mo.

Another Prolific Flicker-
Having recently read in Davie's
"Nests and Eggs of North American
Birds" concerning the layings of the
Flicker, I found that it in a measure
coincided with a similar experience of
my own.

On the first of Jnne, '93, as I was out
•collecting eggs. I di.ecovered in an old
•oak tree about 20 feet from the ground.

a hollow. I noticed near by a pair of
Flickers and thought that they were
seeking this spot for a nest. Stepping
behind a tree and carefully watching
their movements I presently found that
my thoughts were true.

As I knew that the female Flicker
would soon begin laying I carefully
watched this nest. Upon going to the
nest one day I found that some small
boj'S had discovered it also- I knew at
once that I would have to watch the
nest very carefully. Every day I took
an egg from the nest until at last she
ceased laying. I found to my sui'pi'ise
that I had taken 40 eggs in 40 days.

I am confident that these were the
layings of a single Flicker as no other
pair during this time was seen in the
immediate vicinity.

R. A. SCHWEEK,

Denton, Texas.

American White Pelican in Illinois-

Perhaps the largest water fowl and
certainly one of the rarest specimens
of ornithology ever seen in this vicinity
was killed at Brooklyn, Illinois, three
miles below here, by Mr. E. W. John-
son on the 29th of October, 1893.

The bird in question is a large peli-
can, has plumage unstained by blem-
ishes of blood or dirt, is snowy white,
save on the back and shoulders where
a few dun-colored feathers are inter-
spersed.

His kinsman, the Brown Pelican, is a
frequent visitor in these parts, but rare-
ly does the human eye see one of the
big snowy, baggy-pouched birds on
local water.

The dimensions of the bird ai'e as
follows: From one extended wing
point to the other it measures eight
feet, five inches. From the end of the
long bill to the flabby feet is just sixty-
one inchas. The pouch beneath the four-
teen-inch bill is fifteen inches in length

56

THE OOLOGIST.

and eight in depth when stretched
down.

Altogether it is a wonderfully hand-
some bird, and was secured bj* Charles
Frye, the local taxidermist.

G. L. T., Paducah, Ky.

DECEMBER CONTEST.
Forty-five Judges-
Prize winners and credits received bj'
each were as follows:

1. Raptores of Michigan, 190.
2 Scenes fi'om the Life of Alexander
Wilson, 147.

3. Notes on the Birds of Henry Co.,
Iowa, 94.

4. Collecting at Night, 67.
% Oology, 54.

A years subscription to the Oologisn
was awarded to

A Nest of the Canvas-back, 49.

The Judges' prizes were awarded as
follows:

1. No. 11. Fred W. Parkhurst,
Bath, N. Y., exact.

2. No. 7. Stephen J. Adams, Corn-
ish, Me., 1, 2, 3, 5. 4.

3. No. 44. Frank D. Weeks, Port-
land, Oregon, 1, 2, 3, 5, 4.

4. No. 43. Ellis F, Hadley, Dayton,
Oregon, 1, 2, 4, 3, 5.

5. No. 41. A. W. Wallace, Mont-
clair, N. J., 1, 2, 5, 3, 4.

No. 45. L. A. Haw ley. New York
City, was also awarded a "Standard
Catalogue" for naming the winners.

All prizes were mailed on January
25th.

A New Species of Fish.

A guard tells a good story on a lady
who was visitiog a well-known Chicago
lady, and was being shown by her
through the Fisheries Building. She
was in in the salt-water section of the
aquarium, in the very thickest of the
pushing, jostling, crowding mob that
constantly gazed upon the caged deni-

zens of the deep. Pushing her way
toward the tank where the toad-tishes
disported themselves, she suddenly ex-
claimed:

"Do look at that great long tish,
squirting water out of his nose! Isn't
it wonderful!"

The long tish referred to was a lead
water-pipe leading fi'om the top to the-
bottom of the section: through Avhich
was sent a constant stream of salt
water which came out in sprays-
through a number of little holes in the
end of the pipe.

But she wasn't the only person who
Avas deceived by these pipes that spray-
ed salt water in the various sections.
Occasionally a countryman would b»
heard to exclaim:

"Gee whiz! look at that long eel! I
never saw an eel squirt Avater that way
before!" — From •'Uyidercun-ents of
Humor from the Fair,'" in DevioresVs-
Family Magazine for January.

Figures of Importance -
Examine the number following youi*
name on the wrapper o*" this Oologist.
This number denotes the time when
your subscription expires or has expir-
ed.

.=i6 signifies j^our subscription expired June, 1890
62 •• •■ '■ ■• Dec. "

68 ,' " •• ■• June. 1891

74 '■ " " ■■ Dec. •'

80 " " •• •• June, 1892

86 " " " •• Dec. ■•

92 " •' ' •' ■■ June. 189a

98 " " '• •' Dec. ••

104 " ■' ■■ will expire June, 1894

110 •• •• •• •• ■■ Dec. '•

We are desirous of straightening our
subscription books at once and trust
our subscribers will send in their sub-
scriptions for '94 including all arrear-
ages, at their earliest conveniences, the
amounts necessary to accomplish this
are as follows:

••56"— J2.25. "ea"— $2.no. "fiS"— $1.7.5. ••74'"— $1.50-
•■80"— $1,25. ■•86"— $1.00. •■92"'— 75c. ••98""-.tOc.

Should you desire to discontinue
your subscription to the Oologist your
indebtedness to us is 50 cents less than
the above amount. The figures are
according to our books Jan. 20, 1894,
and renewals received since that date
have been credited on our books, but
not on the wrapper.

From Mr. A. W. Baylis of Iowa we
have received a pair of the slickest 1894
calendars that, as yet has been our
privilege to gaze upon. — Many thanks^

The Young Oologist @ The Oologist

Comprising together the 7n-',st popular magazine, devoted to Bird.s, their
Aesfs and Eggs, ever published.

Apprecititing- their value, the publtshers have veserved a limited <jnautity of each
issue to supply future demands. They have now, all told,

LS:SS THA\ FIFTY COPIES OF EACH ISSUE.

Collectors will readily sec the advisnhHity of Completing their Files or obtaining a

Complete Set at once!

Back numbers will soon be exceedingly rare and valuable and possibly not obtainable at any price

The following table of contents enumerates some of the principal articles in each issue. The
"short articles' mentioned ai e oiie column or less in length and are all of great value to the
student.

Not mentioned in the list of contents, each issue contains one or two pages of "items" or
"brief rotes." one column to ff)ur pages of exchange notices, and from three ti eight pages of
advertisements, besides a "query column which occurs in many, although not all, issues.

THE YOUNG OOLOGIST.

VOLUME I. Nos. 1, 2, 3. 4, 5, and 13 each con-
tain 16 pages. Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 each contain-

ao pages. No. 11 contains 3*5 pages.

No. 1,— Instructions for Collecting Birds' Eggs,
(3 pages) : Coues' Key; Twenty-four short ar-
ticles. May, isat.

No. 2.— Instructions for Collecting Birds' Eggs,
concluded, (2 pages; ; Painted Buntings; Gala.
Mottled Owl ; List of Birds Fotmd at Mon-
treal; vM short articles. June, '84.

No. 3.— Maine Items; Yellow-headed Blackbird;
Orchard Oriole ; The Slip System; Wilson's
Thrush; Hand-book of Agassiz Association;
23 short articles. July, '84.

aio. 4.— Screecb Owl ; Importance of Identifica-
tion; A La. Heronry; Cardinal Grosbeak;
Eagle's Nest; How to Make and Use Bird
Lime; 14 short articles. Aug., '84.

No. 5.— Bird-nesting— To Collect Scientifically,
(3 pages) ; Gala. Birds; From Wyoming; '^i
short articles. Sept., '84.

No. 6.— Bobolink, (2^4 pages) ; Sea Birds of
Maine; Egging in Gala. Swamp; Old "Put"
and the Bird's Nest; List of Wisconsin Bii'ds;
12 short articles. Oct., '84.

No. 7.— Bronzed Grakle ; Singular D uel ; Fish
Hawk ; Spurred Towhee and Least Tit ; Old
"Put" and the Bird's Nest; Bird Island: 14
Bhort articles. Nov., '84.

No. 8. — The Alligator; Collecting in Marshes;
Woodcock; "Our Birds in Their Haunts,"
Iowa Notes; Redstart; Summer Redbird: 18
short articles. Dec, '84.

No. 9.— Baltimore Oriole; Texas Jottings; Sap-
suckers ; Bam Owl ; American Ornithologists'
Union, (3 pages); How to Handle a Gun;
Black-capped Titmouse; Egg of the Moa. Jan.

No. 10.— Winter Wren; Gala. Duck Hunting;
Screech Owl;Z>aci«'s Egg Check List; Pea-

' »cock with Queer Tastes ; White-bellied Nut-
Tiatch; Blue Jaj's; Spotted Robin Eggs; 8
short articles. Feb., '85.

ilo. II.— Bank Swallow; English Sparrows;
Study of Birds; Gt. Horned Owl; Yellow-
billed Cuckoo; Gambel's Quail; Conn. Notes;
Intelligence of the Oriole; Yellow-breast
Chat; Maryland Yellow-throat; White-
Rumped Shrike ; List of Pacific Coast Birds ;
Knights of Audubon; Sample Data Blanks,
(4 pages) ; 33 short articles. March, '8.5.

Jfo. Vi.— Completes Vol. I. Title pages for
binding, with c<jmplete and exhaustive index,
(8 pages.) April, '85.

VOLUME II. consists of but two numbers.
Each contains 32 pages.

No. 13.— Bartram's Gardens; South Carolina
Obsei'vatious, (6 pages); Scientific Names;
Gt. Horned Owl: Bank Swallows; Knights of
Audubon; Hummingbird; R. I. Notes; Texas
Jottings ; 30 short articles. May, '85.

No. 14.— American Crossbill; Aixdubon's Birds
of America; Illinois Notes; Destruction of
Birds ; Cuckoos ; Gala, notes ; Wrens on the
Wai-path; Golden- winged Warbler; Fox
Sparrow; Our Winter Birds: Snipe Creek;
Red-head; Wisconsin Jottings; Burrowing
Owl, etc. ; A Florida Trip ; Horned Lark ;
Queer Homes and Nesting sites ; Brave Bird ;
Ferruginous Rough Leg ;' Sparro\\s ; Piginy
Nuthatch; 26 short articles. June, '85.

THE OOLOGIST.

Volumes III. and IV. are Bi-Monthly. The

remaining volumes are Monthly.
VOLUME ITI. each issue averages 12 pages.

No. 15. — Full page TPr onXispi&CQ.— American Wa-
ter Ouzfls and Nest; Chester Island and the
Marsh Wrens; Birds of Cortland Co., N. Y.,
(414 pages); A Cheap Cabinet; Nest of the
I31ack-and-white Creeper; Summer Birds
about Washington, D. C. ; Davie's Nests and
Eggs of N. A. Birds; Water Blowpipe; 5
Short Articles. Jan. & Feb., '86.

No. 16.— Vagary of a Collector (Great Homed
Owl, Climbing Strap) : A Hunt for Tern Eggs ;
Birds of Cortland Co., N, Y. ; Notes from
North Carolina; Whip-Poor- Will; Nest of the
Brown Creeper ; Black-billed Cuckoo Deposit-
ing Eggs in a Yellow-billed Cuckoo's Nest;
Cannibalism of the Red-headed Woodpecker ;
23 short articles. March & April, '86.

No. 17.— History of a Bird-Box ; Tree Sparrow ;
Njsts of the Green Heron ; Bird Notes from
lovva; A DiEQcult Climb after a Red-tailed
Hawk's Nest; Review of the Check-Lists of
N. A. Birds, with special Reference to the
new A. ' O. U. List (3 pages) ; The State of
Maine as a Field for the Ornithwiogist; 18
short articles. May & June, '86.

No. 18.— My first White Crane's Nest; Spring
Notes; Notes from Chester County, Pa.;
Turkey Buzzards ; How to Make a Cabinet;
Chewink Nests in a Tree ; A Cabinet for a
large Collection; 13 short articles. Jy.&Aug.,'86

No. 19.— Collecting on Long Island ; Chimney.
Swift; A Day with tiie Loons; Illinois Bird-
Notes; Marsh Wrens; A Plucky Wood Pewee:

THE OOLOGTST.

Minnesota Notes: Yatps Connty (N. Y.)
Notes ; 8 short articles. Sept. to Nov., 80.
JJo -M.— Completes VolMiie 111. Title pages for
binding-, with complefe nnrt exhaustive Index
of Volumes II. and III. Dec, '86.
VOLUME IV. Each issue averages 12 pages.
No. ai.— Birds of Chester County, I'emi. (lU
pages); Chestnut-sided Warbler; Massachu-
setts Letter; Bills of Birds; 3 short articles
No. 23.— Notes from Spoon River Region, Illi-
nois; Peculiarities of the Ruby-throaued
Hummingbird; Purple Gallinule; How to
Collect; Bird Surgery; Rufous-vented and
Bendire's Thrashers and Canon 'I owhee ;
Kewsy Items; Notes from College Hill, Ohio;
Nesting of our Swallows; Notes from bulU-
van Co., N. Y. ; Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher:
Notes from Connecticut; Fidelity of the Song-
Sparrow ; 13 short articles. March to May, h7.
Nos. 23- 24. Combined number,— Tour in the
Woods at Fort Washington. Pa.; Nationa
Museum (Department of Birds. Nest and
Eggs); Beaver County, Pa. Notes; Blaclc-
capped Chickadee; Hawking: Agassiz Asso-
ciation and its Work; Crow Roosts of New
Jersey; Swaiuson's, Warbler; Destroy the
Cowbird; Traill's and Acadian Flycatchers; .
short articles. June to Sept., '87.
Nos. 25-a6. ConiDined nuniber.-Gannet; White
Pelican; Black-capped Chickadee; Mocking-
bird: Late Collecting; Yellow-breasted I< ly-
catcher: 5 short articles. Oct. to Dec, '87.
VOLUME V. 16 pages each issue.
No :i-?.— Brown Tura^Uer; Bald Eagle; Shoot-
ing a Golden Eagle: Florida Jottings: De-
Btructive Nesting (English Sparrow) ; Arctic
Terns; Notes from Lincoln County. Maine:
Acadian Flycatcher; Red-shalted Flicker; 14
^ short articles. Jan., '88.

No 28.— Title pages for binding, with complete
and exhaustive Index of Volume IV. ; Egg ol
^pyornis Maximus, the Colossal Bird of Mad-
agascar (6'/2 pages) ; Fish Crow. Feb., '88.
No "^.—Icterus spurius; Water Blowpipe;
Cardinal Grosbeak ; Kansas Notes ; A Moon-
light Trip; Among the Coots on St. Clan-
Flats; Brown Thrush in Confinement; 9 short
articles. March, '8U
No. £0 —Boat-tailed Crackle; Destruction of
our Native Birds (4 pages) ; Gleanings froff.
Correspondence: Nest in a Horseshoe; o short
articles. April, '88. , „ , ,

No. 31.— Oology (Advice to Collectors) ; Bala
Eagle; A Snipe Hunt; Notes taken at Norris-
town. Pa. ; Nidiflcation of Ictiiipa mississitun-
ensis; Among the Warblers; Chestnut-sided
Warbler: 6 short articles. May, '88.
No. 33.— Family Rallidae in Michigan (3U
pages); Egg CoUectins:; Bird Voices; Road
■hfin>npv: Nnt^s on the Birds of Beaver, Pa. ; 3
short articles. June, '88.
No o...- i^.-ou or Great Northern Diver (2
pages) ; Eggs of Mississippi Kite; Nesting of
I'roivn Pelican; Breeding Habits of American
Flamingo (3 pages) ; 3 short articles. July.'Sf^.
Ni>^. -■'-:i'. ( ■< )>'b'-ii('r1 piiiiiiM-'T,— Keiinivsrences
Of 1886; Trip to Seven Mile "Beach; Defense of
i^.iL.o, i- icia vioi'i-ciii V'v iiukesua Co., VVi.scou-
sin; Great Auk; Arkansas Notes; Black
Snowbird ; Notes for Collectors ; Some of our
Falconidae; Jim (A Tame Crow) ; Buffalo
International Fair ; 8 short articles. Aug.. Sep.
N )9. 36-37. Combined number,— American Os-
prey ; A Day with the Gulls ; Florida Notes ;
A Plea for the English Sparrow ; Useful Con-
trivances; Game La-^vs; Notes from Lake
County, Ohio; South Carolina Notes; A
Pleasant Excursion ; Sp Arrows and Cat ; Her-
mit Thrush ; Western House Wren ; A Few
Words to Observers ; Flying Squirrels Occu-
pying Birds' Nests ; 15 short articles. Oct., Nov.
tlo. .^i. — 0:>trich Farming ; An Afternoon's Col-
lecting Trip; California Notes; Notes from
St. J^awrence Co., N. Y. ; Bird-AiTivals in N.

E. Indiana ; Bank Swallow : Faunal Changes,
— DeKalb Co., Indiana ; Audubon Monument ;
10 short articles. Dec, '88
VOLUME VI. 20 pages each issue.
No. 39. — Title pages lor binding, with Complete
and Exhaustive Index of Volume V. ; Breed-
ing Habits of the Bridled Tern ; Wood Thrush
and Brown Thrasher ; From Western North
Carolina; Birds of Broome Co.. N. Y. : Pecul-
iar Egg of Corvus fruijivorus; Cuckoos : Notes
from Alabama ; Carolina Parakeet ; 12 short
articles. Jan.. '89.
No. 40.— A Red-headed Family (Picidae) (614
pages) ; Raptores of Michigan ; Wild Turkey ;
Birds of Iowa: The "Critic" Criticised; 8
short articles. Feb., '89.
No. 41. — Directions for making a Bird or Mam-
mal Skin : The Owl ; A Crow Quandary ;
Birds of Macon County. Ga. ; Collecting Ex-
perience ; Story of a Tame Crow ; 6 short
articles. March, '89.
No. 4:i.— Raptores of Michigan (Spnges) ; Nest-
ing of the Tufted Tit; Peculiarities in Sets
and Eggs of a Few of our Commoner Birds ;
Difference between White-rumped and Log-
gerhead Shrikes ; Birds of Grafton Co., N.
H. ; Sample Pages of Dnvie's New Check-
List: 6 short articles. April. '89.
No. 43. — Avi-Fauna of Orleaiis Connty, N. Y.
(6'4 pages); The Robin; The Crow in the
North; Bald Eagle's ^^'^st: Making Bird
Skins ; 3 short articles. May; '89.
No. 44.— Birds of Matthews »_ o., v'a. ; Changes
in the Nesting of Birds ; Collecting Tour in
Florida ; Nesting of Pygmy Owl ; Difference
between White-rumped and Loggerhe;-id
Shrikes : Black-billed Cuckoo in Dakota ;
Datas; Nest of Marsh Hawk ; 4 short articles.
No. J.'i.— Michigan Notes (4;^ pages) ; Arkansas
Notes : Goldiinch in Confinement : Burrowing
Owl : Our Reply ; Gleanings from Correspond-
ents ; 5 short articles. July, '89.
No. 46.— Notes from Hillsborough Co., Florida
(2 pages) : Shore Lark in Canada ; Can Quails
be Domesticated?; Red-tailed Hawk ; Untime-
ly End of a Set of Brown-headed Nuthatch
Eggs ; Broad-winged Hawk and Black-capped
Chicijadee; Gleanings from CoiTespondents ;
Wilson Ornithological Chapter of the Agassiz
Association : 4 short articles. Aug., '89.
No. 47.— -Old Abe" Jr. : A Day's Collecting
Trip; Beil's Vireo ; Black Tern; Yellow-
ruraped Warbler ; An Automatic Blower ,
Flight of Ducks : White-eied or Florida Tow-
bee"; Pygmy Owl: Cooper's Hawk; 10 short
articles. Sept., '89.
No. 48.— Winter Birds of Kalamazoo County,
Mich. (2% pages) : Aniericiiu I^ong-eared
Ovv'l ; Wood Ibis in Illinois ; Birds of Bertie
Co.. N. C. ; Collecting in Western Florida : A
White Sparrow Nests and Eggs of North
American Birds ; Black Tern : 8 short articles.
No. 49.— Thick-billed Grebe : Birds' Nests ; Yel-
low-billed Cuckoo; Mechanical Egg Drill;
Birds Moving their eggs ; Cardinal Grosbeak :
To Pack Eggs for Transportation : Disposal
of Duplicate Specimens ; Complete List of
the Birds of North America arranged accord-
ing to the A. O. U. Check-List (6 pages) ; 5
short articles. Nov., '89.
No. .'■>0.— Birds of Niac:;ira County, N. Y. ; Shore
Lark ; Incidents in Bird Lite ; Gleanings from
ou]- Correspondence: Marsh Hawk; Yellow-
headed Blackbird ; Northern Phalarope ; 1?
short articles. Dec, '89,
VOLUME VII.

No. 51.— Title pages for binding, -with Complete
and Exhaustive Index of Volume VI. ; Notes
on Florida Birds (3 pages) ; Ornithology and
Bicycling ; Audubon Ornithological Club ;
Florida Field Notes; Trip to Devil's Glen:
Simple Contrivance ; Capture of a Ti-umpetei
Swan ; 4 short articles. Jan., '90.
No. .52.— Breeding of the Brown-ii^aded Nn*'

THE OOLOGIST.

fiatch ; Prairie Homed Lark : Collecting Ex-
perience ; Snowy Owl ; Nest of the Texan Bob-
wlilte ; Unusual Nesting of the Downy Wood-
pecker ; Evening Grosbeak ; Blue-Gray Gnat-
catcher and Tufted Tit ; 6 short articles. Feb.

No^ .53.— Summer Residents ot Buena Vista
County, Iowa: In the Woods of Florida;
Birds of Mackinac Island. Mich. ; Among the
Gulls on Isle Royale ; Sandhill Crane; Even-
ing Grosbeak ; Ruby-crowned Kinglet ; Cac-
tus Wren ; Screech Owl in Captivity ; Taking
Bii'ds' Nests ; 11 short articles. Mai'ch, '90.

No. 54.— Caged Eagles: J'^vt-ning Oinsheait (2
pages); Solitary Sandpipt^r, Summer Ived-
bird : Notes from Kocbestcr. Mich. ; Family
Rallidae in Minnesota; Downy Woodpecker ,
Hardly Ornithological , lU short articles. Apr.

No. 5!S.— Do Birds Mate More than Once?;
Habits of the Evening Grosbeak; Pileated
W^oodpecker in Florida; Bird Protection,
Chinese or Mongolian Pheasant in Oregon;
Prairie Warbler ; Winter Birds In Spring ; A
Valuable Work : Davie's New Work on Taxi-
dermy ; 12 short articles. May, '90.

No. 56.- Nesting habits or the American Oyster-
cat<;her; Prairie Horned Lark ; Saw- Whet or
Acadian Owl; Pine Warbler ; Bluebird . Albi-
nos; Pileated Woodpecker in Mahoning
County. Ohio; Belligerent Neighbors. Re-
ra-)rding the number of Birds Observed ; Book
Review ; Prospectus of the Worcester Natural
History Camp (4Vi pages) ; 12 short articles. Je.

No. .57.— American Cros.sbill ; Crested t^rehe-'
Voracious Mountain Trout: Yellow-hilled
Cuckoo; Long tailed Chickadee; Rough-
winged Swallow ; Great Horned Owl ; Some
Unusual Happenings ; Pallas' Cormorant ;
Eggs of Audubon's Warbler , 12 short articles.

NJo. 58.— The Caprimulgidaf in Arkansas;
White-bellied Nuthatch ; Strange Co-habita
tion: Variation in the Eggs oj Hubia iudovici-
ana; King Rail in Minnesota ; 8 short arti-
cles. Aiig., '90.

No. .59.— The Use of the Camera In the Field ;
Saw-Whet or Acadian Owl; Nesting of the
Black Snowbird: Marsh Hawk. Plain Tit-
mouse ; Lost Opportunities : The Magnolia
Warbler; Wilson's Plover at Home ; 8 short
articles. Sept., '90.

No. 60.— The Use of the Camera in the Field.
A study of nests (6V2 pages, illustrated with 4
photo engi-avings); The Flathead (Montana)
Field; The Owls ot San Bernardino Valley; A
Collecting Adventure. The Ruby-throated
Hummingbird: Ornithologists at Indian-
apolis; The Burrowing Owl: After "Gators'
Eggs;"" Notes from Northern Minnesota.
Oct. '90.

No. 61.— The Ruby-throated Hummingbird
(Fairies in a Fairyland) (.';!',2 pages) ; Notes
from Travis Co., Texas; A Week to Mt. Ham-
ilton ; Great Horned Owl ; Strange Co-habita-
tion: Brewer's Blackbii'd, Nesting of ( on-
topus borealis in Maine; A Letter from Oliver
Da\ie Relating to his New Work on Taxi-
dermy; Notes on Ardea kerodias; The Pro-
thonotary W^arbler: Nesting of the Virginia
Rail ; The Yellow Rail in Mich. ; An Outline
of the More Valuable Articles Appearing in
the YOUNG OOLOGisx (3 pages) ; 7 short arti-
cles. Nov., '90.

No. 62.— The Rusty Blackbird; Notes from
Ohio; Evening Grosbeak in New Hampshire;
The Cala. Partridge or Valley Quail ; Nothing
at All— a Poem; Case for Instruments; Notes
from Island Lake. Florida ; 3 short articles.
Dec. '90.

VOLUME VIII. No. 63 contains 24 pages.
No. 6i, 32 pages. No. H6-67. 36 pages inclndiug
cover. The Dalance, 20 pages, including covers
No. 74 also contains an additional 4 page in-
set.

No. 63.— A Day Among the Fish Hawks: The
Marsh Wrens of Hudson C0..N. J.; Now,—
The Time to Wage War on the English Spar-
row; Nesting of the Downy Woodpecker in
Kalamazoo Co., Mich.; American Sparrow
Hawk; Anna's Hummingbird; Was it a Cow-
Bird's nest: Florida Red-shouldered Hawk;
On Owl's Tenacity to Life; Western Horned
Owl : Albino Eggs ; An Afternoon with the
Birds: A 'Good Enough" Way to Blow Egg;
Meeting of the A. O. U. ; Expert Taxidermy;
5 short articles. Jan. '4)1,
No. 64.— Flycatcher Notes;' Collecting in the
Marsh ; House Finch ; The Barred Owl ; Yel-
low-breasted Chat; Anna's Hummingbird;
Birds North of Their Usual Range ; Egg Col-
lecting—The Two Classes; A Perfect Collect-
ino ; Texas Notes ; Nesting of Spiniis pinus in
the Northwest. Title pages for binding with
complete and exhaustive index for Vol. vii.
<> short articles. Feb. '61.
No. 65.— A New Year's Soliloquy; Water Ouzel;
An Ornithological Paradise; "The English
Sparrow Must Go"; ^Foud I/Iothers: Pas.sen-
ger Pigeon ; The Oologist ; Caracara or Mex-
ican Eagle: The Cooper's Hawk; Some Early
Birds of Linn Co., Oregon; Broad-winged
Hawk; The Extinction of Our Birds. Mar.'fll
No. 66-67.- Combined Number.— A List of the-
Birds of Elgin Co., Ont.— (6i^ pages); Ran-
dom Notes on the Belted Klng-flsher: The
Ena-llsh Sparrov/l A Few Articles for the
Collector; Screech Owl; Western Meadow
Lark; Hermit Thrush ; Aves urMs. A Much
Occupied Nest! The Whlp-ooor-will ; Nesting
of the Red-tailed Hawk; Cooper's Hawk: The
Eagles of North America; Nesting of the
Black-canped Chlcka'iee In Kalamazoo Co.,
Mich. ; Nesting of the Purple Finch; The Red
eyedVlreo; Bird Life of an Islet; Migration
of the Canada Goose: Association of A^n^-r-
can Ornithologists; Notes on the Wri^?,ht's
Flycatcher: 3 short articles. Apr. and May '91.
No. 68.— The Hummingbirds of California;
Ring Pheasant: The Carolina Wren; Ameri-
can Dipper; A Trip to Pelican Island; Michi-
gan Ornithology: A Duty to Perform: Great
Homed Owl; Enemies of Our Feathered
Friends; Queec Neighbors; Bird Migration.
June '91.
No. 69.— Some Florida Notes: The New Era in
Omlthologv; The Amusing Antics of a Pair
of Brown Thrashers: The Chewlnk in Or-
leans County; The Yellow-billed and Black-
billed Cuckoos; Changes In'Mlchlrran Orni-
thology; My First Nlghthawk's Nest; The
Wrens of North Carolina: What causes the
Quick Notes of the Whip-poor-will; A Better
Report from Texas; Items of Interest from
Florida: The American Osprey; Nesting of
the Chestnut-backed Chickadee. July. '91.
>jo. 70,— The Story of a Flood ; Feeding the
Birds in Winter; Nest and Eggs of the Ru-
fous Hummingbird ; The Chewlnk in Broome
Co.. N. Y. ; The Carolina Wren Again: A Trip
to Smith's Island; More About the Iowa Ea-
gles ; Some Notes on the Breeding of the Car-
olina Snow-bird : Black and White Creepers;
Nesting of the Sharp-shinned Hawk; Danger
in using Arsenical Soap; Interesting Notes
from Oi-egon : Answers to that Turkey Vul-
ure Query; "Meadow Larks and Turkey Buz-
zards; Seaside School of Biology; World's
Fair Notes. Aug. '91.
No. 71.— The Black and White Creeping Vv''ar-
bler,' An Indiana Herony; The English spar-
row In Bay City, "Mich; Michigan Notes;
Gambel's White-cruwned Sparrow; A Rai>»-

THE OOLOGIST.

bling Mixture from Connecticut: Henslows
Sparrow : A Few Notes on Ornithology and
Ornitholoscists :The Ruby-throated Humming-
bird ; Of fnterestto Oologists: How I Found
a Killdeer's Nest:Range of the Towhee: Owls
as Pets : Michigan Notes : A Rose-breasted
Grosbeak Widower; 5 short arts Sept. "91.

No. 72.— The Screerh Owl; The Divers: In Fa-
vor of an Organization : What is the Most
Northern Latitude in Which the Chewink
Breeds: Notes at Random: Ornithologists
Association: Harlan's Buzzard and ihe Red-
tail; An April's Outing: Eggs of the Sharpe's
Seed-eater; Shall We have a General Associ-
ation of Scientists : A Trip to Cobb's Island :
One of Indiana's New Laws; "Bird Nesting in
Northwest Canada." -Fremde Eire im yest."
5 short articles. Oct. "91

No. 73.— The Great Carolina Wren; A Timely
Letter: Western Robin: Western New York
Naturalist's Association: The Scissor-tailed
Flycatcher; California Thrasher : Omitholo-
git^t Association; Albino Birds; Che-wink or
•■Chewee": 'Our Birds in Their Haunts";
The Lark Bunting: List of Birds Found
Breeding in the Vicinity of Peoria Ills:
Worlds Fair Notes; Relics by the Wagon
Load. Nov. "91

No. 74.— The Sharp shinned Hawk : A White
Crow; The Pileated Woodpecker: Russet-
backed Thrush : How Dr. M. Keeps His Oolo-
gical Treasures; Thauksgiviug Notes from
the Far West : The Blue-gray Gnat-catcher in
Arkansas : Shall We Organize ; Bird Nesting
in November : Fravtds : A Further Contribu-
tion to the Chewink Controversy; One Day's
Tramp : The Nest of the Chestnut-sided War-
bler: The Gulls: The Carolina Parrot: Bar-
tram's Sandpiper: The Horned Grebe.
World's Fair Notes. This number also con-
tains a 4-page inset of Nuttal's Ornithology.
Dec. "91.
VOLUME IX.

No. 75— Bird Nesting in North-west Canada;
Two Birds of Western Kansas: Ornitholo-
gists Association; Western New York Natur-
alists Association; The Blue Grosbeak;
Marvland Yellow-throat; Chewink; The
Bronzed Grackle. Prizes for Best Articles:
Are Nesting Cavities Occupied More than
Once : Old KeooUections : Summer Tanager ;
"The Way of the Transgressor is Hard":"Our
Birds in Their Haunts.'' 5 short articles, this
No. also contains a plate in two colors of
Long Lake and Nests of Canvas-back and
Yellow-headed Blackbird. Jan. '92. >

No. 76— Title pages for binding with complete
and exhaustive index for Vol. VIII Zootomy
— The Domestic Pigeon (Illustrated) ; Yellow
Warbler: Black-throated Bunting: Four
Birds of Oregon: My Trays; Pileated Wood-
pecker : Notes on Albinoes : A Day's Trip for
Bald Eagle Nests in Florida: Partridges and
Their Relatives: Notes on Some Peculiar
Eggs; Collecting on the Farallone Island;
Our Winter Visitors ; 3 short articles . Feb-
ruary '92.

No. 77 A Pair of Screech Owls at Home (an
engraved Frontispiece) Zootomy— The Dom-
estic Pigeon: Incessancy of the Yellow Warb-
ler'sS one ; Some of Our Thrushes : The Spec-
imens I Didn't Get: Notes from South-west-
ern Ohio; A Day with the Ducks: A Trip
Through '"Wa-hoo Hammock:" A True Nat-
uralist: The Crow: Around Omaha: Early
Nesting of the Great Horned Owl ; A Trait of
the Carolina Wren; Visiting a Bald Eagle's
Nest in Virginia; The Vireos of Connecticut ;
The Crossbill in Iowa; Notes from the Vir-
ginia Coast: An Hour with the Water Birds;
Holf-a-dozen short articles. notes, etc. March
'92.

No. 78.— Sharp-shinned Hawk iHalf-tone en-
graving); Lani us Boreal's on Deck: A Vaca-

tion with the Birds ; The Ibis of Ledworth
Lake; Notes on the Whip-poor-will; The
Black Rail in Franklin Co., Kans.; Albino
Eggs of the Long-billed Marsh Wren; Notes
from Nova Scotia: Scientific Names. Their
Use and Beauty: Pointers on Making Bird
Skins ; Collecting on an European Islet: The
Great Gray Owl ; Collecting and Collectors ;
A Collecting Trip; Zootomy. The Domestic
Pigeon: Prepare Your Specimens WeU;
Eleven short articles. April '92.

No. 79. — Acanthls Linaria ; Bird Notes from Or-
egon: The Woodpeckers: Phainopepla or
Black-crested Flycatcher: After Golden Eag-
les: Among the "Blue-grays " : Treatment of
Cases of Ivy Poison; A Trip After Beach
Birds : Some of Our Louisiana Birds : A Step
in the Right Dii'ection: A Winter Acquain-
tance : Are Crows Beneficial y ; Spring Open-
ers ; The Wood Ibis ; The Yellow Warbler's
Song; Wilson's Snipe: Notes from Southern
Wisconsin; Eleven short articles. May '92.

No. 80.— A Taxidennist's Camp (engraved
Frontispiece) ; The Purple Finch; South Dak-
ota Notes : Some of Our Visitors and Neigh-
bors : The Black Vulture in Orleans Co. ; A
Day's Collecting in California: The Turkey
Vulture: The Pui-ple Finch in Broome Co..
N. Y. : Two rare nests . The Chestnut-sided
Warbler: Six short articles. June '92.

No. 81.— A Quawk town: The Hairy Wood-
pecker: Birds found Breeding in Bertie Co.,
No. Car. : California Bush-Tit : Nlghthawks
In Binghampton. N. Y. : Sitta Canadensis in
Montana: A Few Notes on the Red-tailed
Hawk; The Hummlngbu'd in So. Car. ; Five
short articles. July '92.

No. 82.— Collecting on Cobb's Island: Va;The
Ashy Petrel (Oceanodroma homochroa) on
the Farrallones: After the Yellow-billed Mag^
pie: An Oological Trip in Central Illinois;
Iowa Notes: The Chicadee in Rutland Co.,
Vt; The Long-eared Owl; 5 short articles
August '92.

No.83.— The Breeding Warblers of Western New
York; A Tramp Through Wood and Marshes
in Eastern Iowa: Acadian Flycatcher: the
Prothonotarv Warbler: Notes from Bexar*
Co. Tex; How I Spent Easter Sunday; A Cali-
fornia Collecting Ground; Past Remin-
iscences : Six short articles. Sept. '92.

No. 84. The History and Mystery of Jacob
Potter Jr. : A Dav in the Field: The Genus
Thryothortis : The Califomian Bush-Tit; A
Ramble in May : Among the Hummingbirds ;
A Collecting E'xpedition; Five short articles.
Oct. '92.

No. So.— Osteology for Amatuers; Buzzard
Island ; Winter Visitors : The Chestnut-collar-
ed Longspur: Fringilladae In Newton, Mid-
dlesex County. Mass. : The Birds in Bush
Fields in Summer ; Some Trips for Hawks
Eggs. November '92.

No. 86.— "Cut of Eggs of California Murre" :
Professional Egging; or the Collecting of
Murre" s Eggs In Cafifomla; A Collection of
North Carolina Birds Eggs: Report of West-
em New York Naturalists Association; Two
Western Birds ; The Fascination of Oology ;
To the Ornithologists of Illinois; Cerulean
Warbler. December '92.

No. 87.— A Field Naturalists Outfit : Tne Gold-
en Swamp Warbler: Bird Nesting in an
Illinois Swamp ; Birds as Pets (One Way of
Taming Them): The Osprey in Florida and
Other Notes : Notes from Isabella Co.. Mich;
The Birds Which Breed in Central Park. New
York City; Two WarWers; A Collection of
North Carolina Birds Eggs : Wanted — Advice,
Two short articles. Janiiarv '93.

No. 88.— The American Osprey: A summer
Ramble; Some Sparrows in Minnesota: Col-
lecting in Chicago: Scientific Osteology for
Amateurs; A Collection of North Carolina

THE OOLOGIST.

Birds Eggs: The Sooty Grouse: California
Vulture: A Lucky Day: Winter Collecting: or
SoTiiething about Owls: The Sagacity of Flsh
Hawks: American Goshawk in Illinois: The
Yellow Palm Warbler: Collecting Black Vul
tures Eggs: Twenty-one Short Note^i. Feb
ruary '93.

No h9 —Chat and Cliff Swallow; Toe Herons of
Michigan: The Winter Visitors of Central
Park. N. Y : Another Day with the Birds of
Southern California : The Loggerhead Shrike
of Florida: How to Prepare a Bird S:<iu: A
Trick of the Crow: Notes on Calharfes Aura:
The American Bittern: The Barred Owl:
Hints oa Skinning and Mounting Birds:
Great Horned Owl in Iowa: Four short
articles. March "93.

No. 90 — RAProuES OF Mich iG.\N -American
Sparrow Hawk. Red-tailed Hawk, etc.: A
Collector's Gun:The Rough-winged Swallow:
A CJriti'-ism : Nesting of the Blue-winged
Yellow Warciler: scenes From the Life of
Alexander Wilson — Wilron in .Scotland:
Queer Myths about Birds: Band-taileii Pig-
eons: C'aspian or Imperial Tern: A Tin-
colored Blackbird : Another California Trip:
Illino's River Valley from an Ornithological
Standpoint: Tribulations of the Oulogist
(Poeti'v): Two sbort note^. April "93.

No. 91. On the Haljits of the CUilifornia Quail
In New Zealand: Courtesy and Business iti
Exchanging: The Raptores of Omaha and
Vicinity: A Few Hints on C;iinping: Short-
billed Marsh Wre i: The Prairie Horue'lLark:
Plumage: Canadian Birds: Scenes from the
Life of Alexander Wilson— His Early Ameri-
can Career: Among the Snake Birds: Tri-
nominal Nomenclature: Fifteen short ar-
ticles. May '9;^.

No, 9-i.— Taking the Eggs of the Peregrine
Falcon: Remarkable Flight of (iee^e: A Trip
for Loon"s Kggs: Scenes from the Life of
Alexander Wilson— Wilson and Bartram the
Naturalist: Floridian Races: The Embry-
ology of a Bird : How to Visit the World's
Fair:.\FewMoi-eHints onSc'entiUcOsteology:
Sevenshortartic.es. June '93.

TJo. 93 A Study ia Orange and Black: Birds
as Pets: A Heronry: Notes from Yamhill
Co . Oregon: Rare Nesting: Scenes from the
Life of Alexander Wilson— The Planning of
His American Ornithology: The Chimney
Swift: Among the Least Bitterns: Thf Amer-
ican Magpie: The Pintail Duck. July "93.

No. 94. — Scenes from the Life of Alexander
Wilson Journey to t-ie Falls of Niagara:
Twice used Hummingbird's Nests. Notes on
the Nesting Hal)its of the Scissor-tniled Fly-
catcher; Nesting Habits of the Hades Plung-
er: The History of a Cowbird's Etrg: Black
Tern; T>ie Plumed Partridge: Tlie Long-
crested J^y in Colorado; Hash: A Mammoth
Egg; Twelve short .'rticles. August '9-1

No. 95.— Scenes fi-om the Life of Alexander
Wilson— The Progress of His Undertaking:
The American and Least Bitterns in Henry
Co.. 111.; Cruising and Science: The Rose-
breasted Grosbeak at Home: A Narrow Es-
cape: The Sap-sucker: The White-tailed Kite
and Prairie Falcon in California: The Fair;
Four short articles. September "93.

No. 96.— Scenes from the Life of Ale.xander
Wilson— The Fir>t Volume of the American
Ornithology: Raptores of ^lichieran— Broad-
winged Hawk. Red-shouldered Hawk, etc.:
Auld Lang Sj-ne; The M irsh Hawk ^nd Its
Eggs; The Ameri' an Woodcock; Nesting
Habits of the Baii'd's and Carolina Wrens in
Travis Co. Texas; Death of B. F. Goss;A
Dav in the Wocds; Bird AVit and the Lack
of it. October '93.

No. 97.— Some Notes on the Wild Turkey;
Raptores of Michigan — American Rough-
legged Hawk. Golden E igle. Bald Eagle.

American Long-eared Owl. etc.: With the
Prair e Warbler; MigJ-ation; Sharp-shinned
Hawk: Shore Birds at Lake Roland and Loch
Raven, Baltimore Co.. Md. : The Game Bird
of the Prairie; Sora and Virginia Rails;
Eight short articles. November "93.

No 9>i.— Collecting at N'ght (Poetry); Oology;
Not a Criticism : A Nest of the Canvas-
back: Scenes from the Life of Alexander
Wilson— His Southern Subscription Tour;
Notes on the Birds of Henry Co , Iowa;
Raptores of Michigan — Short-eared Owl,
Barred Owl. Saw-whet Owl. etc. ; A Peculiar
Nesting Site : Six short articles. December
'93

No. 99.— Title pages for binding with a com-
plete and exhaustive inde.x for Vol. X; Rap-
tores of Michig:in— Screech Owl. GreatHorned
Owl: A Collecting Trip in Florida: Western
Warbling Vireo; The Ooc,ogist"s Exhibit of
Birds Eggs at the World's Columbian Ex-
position—^ Complete Li t of the Exhibitors
and the l^ets They Exhibited (6'^ pages);
January "91.

Our Prices for Back Nnmbers of the
YOUNG OOLOGIST

AND THE

WilS, durinjj 1894, i eniain as
quoted below

After which the prices of many numbers will be
advanced and possibly not obtainable at any
price. Should you desire back numbers to com-
plete your file now is the time to pu chase. You
can never obtain them for less nii uiey and possi-
bly not at any price, as our stock ranges from
oiily.T to 50 copies of an issue.

Our prices until Feb. 1, IS95, are
as follows:
Nos. IS, 21, 32, 4-2 are 20ct?.9ach.
Nos. 23-24-. 53. 75, 76, 7V, 79
and 90. 15 ots. each.

Nos. 9, 11, i3, 1-+, 15, 34--35. 87.
88, 89, lOcts. each.

j:^"AII other numbers. 5c. per
copy.

FOR ONLY $4.50 CASH ^e will send
by retnrn mail a copv of every issue published—
Nos. 1 to9S inclusive.

FOR ONLY 50c. we win send a package of
twenty t2.M all back nunjbers our selection.
FOR ONLY $ I .OO "^^'e will send a package
of forty (ttJ) back numbers, all different, our se-
lection.

Our price for back Nos. of the Young Ooi.o-
GisT and OOLOGIST in volumes, are as follows:

Vol. I. Young Oologist. Nos. i to 12 $ 60

•• If. •• '• •• 13 & 14 15

"III. TheOolooist. " 15 to 20 40

•• IV. '■ •• '■ 21 to25--26 40

•• V. " " " 87 to 38 60

'•VI. '■ " ■• .39 to 50 60

'■VII '• " ' 51 to 62 60

■'VIII. '• ■' "63 to 74 .50

•' IX. ■■ •' ■• 75 to 86 80

•• X. •• " " 87 to 98 70

F. H. LATTI\ & CO.,
Albion, N. Y.

62

THE oOi.O(4;s'r

DUNKIRK WAGOK COMPANY,

Patented I\Iay G, 1890.

OIF'

Grape, Peach, Orange, Banana, Pine Apple, Road Wagons & LigM Drays.

AGENTS WANTED. SEND FOK CIRCULARS.

Also the most durable ChiUls' Express Wagou on tlie Market-

NIA.QARA KALLS.

(ii

the

Hundreds of the Eeaders of the Oologist will visit Ihem
World's Fair year and they should make it a point to visit

TIGBY'S NEW MUSEUIVI.

This new museum is lo^^ated on Falls street, only a ie v steps from R.
R. Depots — Electric car line passes by its entrance— and v. upies a new-
three story building, which cost thousands of tloUars to build and fill —
Among the hundreds of attractions within will be found a large and
magnificent collection of Birds and the largest collection of bieds
EGGS in a Public Museum in the State.

i-^-^

laHLYOIRECTORT""'"'-

dtiii eiii^30.«MK». t..r
lUceuts (resjul.u- piue
it-^ ) \ our name, if le-
e vul vvi'liiii next 30
1 \ s uiil be BOi.Di.v
1 I teil (,11 gummed
[1 I ei iiui from Pub-
lic t 1^ jSJatiufaotur-
II I (itluTS. j-oa
I \ ill 1 I eive buiidreds
(jiulably tliousaiids.
of \aliiabie Books,
lip es Papers, Maga-
>- etc AlltVeeand
reel with one of
Idly printed ad.
dr^aaes pitted theieoi TR*! We will also

print and piep^v po^taije o i oJO < ( vour eummed
addresses to yon, for your personal use ; w hich are
valuable to stick on your envelopes, books, etc., to
prevent their being lost. Rkidsville, N.C, Dec. 6.
1891. Dear StKs—MySOOaddresses received. From
my 25 cent address in your Lightning Directory I
have received over .^.(KX) parcels ot mail. My
.A.ddresses you scattered among publishers, manufac-
Jirers, etc. are arriving dailv.on valuable parcels of
Hall, from all parts of the World. .1 .A. WARE.

THE LIGHTNING DIRECTORY C

Department No. 171, Philadelphia ,Pa.

■b^'

MftRLINM^^

Made in all styles and sizes. Lightest, |
I strongest, easiest working, safest, simplest,
most accurate, most compact, and most |
I modern. For sale by all dealers in arms.

Catalogues mailed free by

The Marlin Pir© Arms Co.,

New Haven, Conn., IT. S. A.

»^RIFLES

THE OOLOGIST. 63

.^World's Fair Book Z.

We take pleasure iu aunounciug that we have made arraugements with the

publishers of

THE MAGIC CITY

To supply this celebrated work in Weekly Parts to the subscribers of the OoLO-
GiST at the A-ery low price of teu cents per number. It will be issued in sixteen
consecutive Weekly Parts, each containing sixteen to twenty magnificent Photo-
grai)hic Views and Historical Descriptions of the WOWLD'S J:<AIR and the
MIDWAY PLAISANCE, by the famous American author, iMr. J. W.
Buei. The Photographs ai'e the finest that have ever been offered to the public.
They constitute a splendid series of

Over 300 Views

In Natural Photograpli Colors, embracing all the wonderful features of
the World's Fair and its surroundings, and the famous Mid«vay Plaisance,
with its curious and interesting character sketches of life in foreign countries and
among wild and curious races of people.

More than $50,000 have been expended in the preparation of this truly mag-
nificent work, and $oO,000 more will be expended during the next few weeks in
completing it. The author and his staff of artists spent nearly the whole summer
at the Fair, collecting historical materials and securing the grandest arrav of
Photographs of the buildings, grounds, exhibits, landscapes, and curious and won-
derful features of the greatest Exposition that human eye ever beheld.

These photographs were taken by real artists — artists of reputation, skilled
in their profession, who knew how to select points of the greatest interest and.
from which the best views could be obtained.

In addition to the photographs secured bv these special artists, the publish-
ei's also had the pick and choii-e of those taken by the Official Photographer of the
United States Government.

THE MAGIC CITY alone gives the only great Historical representation of the
World's Fair and Midway Plaisance. illustrated with Over 300 Superb Pho-

tojjcraplis, comprising an immense and wonderfully beautiful oblong volume,
11x14 inches in size.

ONE COUPON AND TEN CENTS GETS IT!

THE MAGIC CITY is published in IG consecutive parts or portfo-
lios, each portfolio containing 16 to 20 of these splendid original Photographs and
Historical descri|)tions. The photographs could not be purchased separately for
less than $1.00 to $1.50 each. Dealers charge these prices regularly for greatlj' in-
ferior views of this size. Portfolios Nos. 1 to 4 are now ready. Cut out the
coupons on this page and mail them to the office of the OoLOGisT. with TEN CENTS
each in stamps or silver, and you will get either or both as yovi iniy order. Should
you desire Portfolios Nos. 1 and 2 you will find the Coupons in the January
OoLOGisT. We charge no postage on parts sent bj^ mail.

'it^^t^ u'^PaP^'

\ COUPON FOR PORTFOLIO NO. 3, \ I COUPON FOR PORTFOLIO NO. 4, I

i The Ooloolst's Historical Art Series ^ \ The OiiLOGiST's Historical Art Series \

\ opTtit: • S J orrnr: 5

i World's Fair and Midway Plaisance, I ; World's Fair and Midway Plaisance, \

I entitled; The Majjic City. ; \ Entitled: The Ma},;ic City. 2

5 Cut out thi.s Coupon and mail to the OoLO- t i Cut out tbis Coupon and mail it to the?

5 GIST with ten cents in stamps or silver, and t » Ooi.ocasT. with ten rents in stamps or silver t

5 receive Portfolio No. .S ■ 1 and receive Portfolio No. ^. \

64 THE OOLOGIST

s 10,000

IS A LARGE SUM
TO HAVE

TIED

9" 9

In Shells, Curios, Specimens,

and Souvenir Goods

during these close times — especially so if one needs the money and
this stock is a surplus one.

The above hits our case exactly and we have i/n^re than this
amount "tied up" in surplus stock at our Chicago Store. The World's
Fair is no more. We do not need the goods in Chicago, neither do
we need them back East, and furthermore do not care to go to the
expense of shipping them there.

If you wish to invest (or know of anyone who does,) say $5, $10,
$25, $50, $100, $500, $1,000 or more, in Specimens, Curios, Sup-"
plies, or anything we have left in Chicago, either for your own col-
lection, your school or college cabinet, a stock for the Holidays (up-
on which we can guarantee you to double your money,) or upon a
full and complete Dealer's stock, we now ofter you an opportunity
to make such purchases at prices never before thought of. In fact
on nice large orders we would be tempted to sell at nearly

50 per cent. Less

Than Ordinary Wholesale Prices.

Let us know your wants at once, and we will quote you prices up-
on which you cannot help but make a profit of from 100 to 500 per
cent., or if for a cabinet, we can save you many dollars.

Address us at either Albion, N. Y. , or No. 3,571 Cottage Grove
Ave., Chicago, or if within 100 miles of either place, call. It will
pay you.

Faithfully,

F. H. LATTIN & CO.

Miii3l.<

Monthly.

50c. per Year. ^

VOL. XI. NO. 3.

Whole No. 101

ALBION, N. y., MARCH, 1894.

Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales.

Brief special aunouncements, "Wants,' -'Exclianges" "For Sales," Insertedln this depai-tment
•Tor ."jOc per 3.=> words. Notices over 3.5 words, charged at the rate o£ one cent per each additional
word. No notice inserted for less than 50c. Terms, ca-sh with order.

"Dealers" can use these columns at Regular Advei-tising rates, only.

WANTED.— da) cocoons of Luna. 300 of Poly-
phemus. 200 lo at once. See my "ad.". PROF.
-CARL BRAUN. Naturalist, Bangor. Me.

WANTED.— A Remington Cane Gun 22 cal..
address stating lowest price. S. K. BROWN c&
SON, 20 E. Penn. Ave.. Washington, D. C.

"Enclosed find 'Copy' and -cash" (11.00) for
two advs. in March OoLoiasT. Those little
•ads." pay good dividends.'" H. H. FELL, Chi-
•cago.

LINCOLN WANTED. Relics, manuscripts,
letters, prints, etc.. etc. of Abraham Lincoln,
address C. F. GUNTHER. 213 State St., Chi-
• cago.

WANTED —Good skins ot Snowy. Hawk.
Saw-whet, Teng'nalm's and Screech Owls, Yel-
low-legs. Knot. Curlew Sandpiper. Esquimaux
Curlew. Osprey. Swallow-tail Kite. Duck Hawk.
Richardsons Merlin and others, can offer fine
skins and eggs from North-west Canada and
Iceland. WALTER RAINE, Toronto. Canada.

FOR SALE.— One good collection of coins
and p^.per money, many very rare. Also one
of Indian relics and other curiosities. Will sell
cheap for cash. Value fifty dollars. Will take
twentv-five. All correspondence answered.
M. M.'SMART. Plainfield. Wis.

TOMAHAWK PIPES.— I have for sale a few
fine Indian .Stone Tomahawk Pipes. Handle
and all is stone and they are finely decorated.
Prices fl.hO. $3 fX) and $:i nO. Also knives.handle
and blade one solid piece of stone, about 10 in.
long, price $1.00. ludi-an Stone Pipes, bowl and
handle both stone and verv fancvcarving.three
kinds, price *1.10. $1 .50 and fl.T.x GEO. W.
"DIXON. Lock Box 3HI. Watertown. S. Dakota.

THE MICROSCOPE is a 24 paered monthly
magazine containing pictures of minute objects
highly Magnified and explained. Price $l.(iu
per y*>ar. 9 cents for sample copy. We make
an extraordiuiry offer for 3o days only to send
the 24 numbers of two years to any new sub-
scriber who remits a dollar, or we will enter
you for the balance of thi.s year for sixty cents.
The special premium which we give to sub-
scribers enclosing .stauiped envelope for it is
some earth containing Diatoms (Nature's Jew-
els). MICROSCOPICAL PUBLISHING CO.
Washington. D. C.

LEATHER STOCKING TALES.— One large
400-page vol. by mail, postpaid, for 3.^c.
Craig-DaA*idson Publishing Co., Helena. Mont.

TO EXCHANGE.— Mounted birds and Mam-
mals. Game heads, etc.. for birds and mammals
in the meat, fresh skins or Photo Outfit. JOHN
CLAYTON. Lincoln. Maine.

TIN QUARTZ. "Fine Cabinet Specimens"
by mail '2nc. Also Bad Land specimens cheap.
JOHNCASHNER. City Treasurer, Spearfish.
So. Dak,

I HAVE Vols. XLIX and L of Harpers Mag-
azine ('74 & T.t) well bound to exchange for
books on Ornithology. Taxidermy, etc. Ad-
dress. STAR COX, No. .5 Longfellow St., Dor-
chester, Mass.

STAMP COLLECTORS —Try our 10 cent
packets. They contain .50 ,tine varieties, or 150
ass >rted stamps, from Mexico. Spain. Cuba.
Guatemala. Jamaica and other countries.
State which packet. MEEKER-TOWE STAMP
CO.. P. O. Box -^'gn . Bridgeport. Conn.

WANTED.— A copy of Bendire's "Life Histo-
ries of North American Birds," Can offer good
exchange in first-class sets, a first-class spy-
glass and cash. C. A. PROCTOR, Worcester
Academy. Worcester. Mass,

ONE HUNDRED Microscopists wanted who
will each send 60 cents in stamps for a slide of
Human Jfuitcle rontaininri encysted Trichiiuic.
If slide is not satisfactory", return it, and I will
r-'turn money. FRANK S. ABY, State Uni-
versity. Iowa City. Iowa.

WANTED— Hornadays Taxidermy, Will
give in exchange all of the following eggs, sets
1-8, 3-3 American Osprey and sets 2-2 Turkey
Vulture. The above are strictly first-class. M.
C. WHITE. Mathews, Va.

WANT TO EXCHANGE.— Blue Jays mount-
ed on fancy decorated stands. "Beauties." On
receipt of" eggs in sets, flrst-cla s only, to
amount of $2..tO— will send one nice Jay prepatd.
CHAS K. REED, No. '262 Main St,. Worcester.
Mass.

When answering advertisements
always mention the "OOLOGIST."

66

THE OOLOGIST.

EXCHANGE NOTICE.— Good Watch, cost
$15: also cancelled Columbian stamps for Coues'
Kev, revised edition or best offer in skins or
eggs with data. C. H. EVANS. Townsheud.Vt.

STAMPS.— 25 varieties 6c.. 50 varieties 10c. .
300 assorted 10c.. 5U0 finely assorted 35c.. 15 un-
used varieties including Spain. Switzerland.
Heligoland. Italv. Bavaria*. Huba. Philippine
Islands, etc. 25c. ' HOWARD M. GILLET, Leb-
anon Springs. N. Y.

J HAVE Birds Skins Mammal Skins. Mount-
ed Deer Heads. Bison Heads, flint arrows and
old flint lock pistols, live Hawks. Owls.
Foxes. Coons. Porcupine and other specimens
to exchange or sell. C. F. FITE. Denver. Ind.

TO EXCHANGE.— Birds in th*^ meat this
winter. Parties who are interested please
write. No cards. CHARLES BARBER. La
Porte. Ind.

TO EXCHANGE.—- JOn varieties foreign
stamps in International Album, for New Eng-
land bird skins or good book on Ornithnlogv.
R. M. MANDELL. Washingtoa St., Newton.
Mass.

SHOES.— W. L. Donglasf^and W shoe.s. Any
size. Best Shoes in the world for collector-!.
Make offers of Eess and Sets All letters an-
swered. DELBERT S. MUSSER, Anderson,
Ind.

TO EXCHANGE.— Birds eggs. 32 cal. Rifle
and Stylographic Pen for a good Camera. All
commiinications answered. GEO. GRAHAM,
P. O. Drawer C. Gainesville. Fla.

STAMPS. — To exchange for eggs, naturalists
periodicals, etc. Send your list and get mine.
KERR & PERHAM. Sandwich. 111.

As an advertising medium. I think the Ooi^o-
GisT unsurpassed, and as a magazine, invalu-
able to the collector. I have received not less
than 100 answers to my exchange notices and
have had satisfaction in every respect. E. R.
Scongale. Ft. Worth. Tex.

TO EXCHANGE.— 2S00 old U. S. adhesive
and envelope stamps worth over $.i5. for Eegs
in singles, send vour lists and receive mine.
FRANK H. LORD. Saranac. Ionia Co., Mich.

CAMERA. Roll of Films. World's Fair Pho-
tographs and Cash to exchange for Printing
Press. Views. Specimens, skins. Eggs or offers.
WILL D. WOOD, Burlington. Mich.

W.\NTED. Good clean stamns from Bar-
badoes. Brunswick. Mauritius. Newfoundland.
Nova Scotia. Uragna v. etc. Will give stamps
in exchange. HOWARD M. GILLETT, Leb-
anon Springs. N. Y.

VICK'S FLORAL GUIDE. 1894.-lt contains
descriptions that describe, not mislead; illus-
trations that instruct, not exaggerate. This
year it comes to us in a siiit of gold. Printed
in eight diCf'^rent colors besides black. Colored
plates of Chrysanthemums. Poppies and Vege-
tables. On the front cover is a very exquisite
bunch of Vick's New White Branching Aster
and on the back is the New Double Anemone :
112 pages ffUed with many new novelties of
value as well as all the old leading varieties of
flowers and vegetables. We advice our friends
who intend doing anything in the gardi^n this
year to consult Vick before starting operations.
Send 10 cants to James Vick's Sons. Rochester
N. Y . for Vick's Guide, it costs nothing, as you
can deduct the 10 cent.s from first order. It cer-
tainly will pay you.

WANTED - To exchange, a 25 cal .'-^teven's.
rifle, with globe and peep sights, in fine con-
dition for a Marlin 32. or lor cash. L. A.
BEHRENS, Ivoryton, Conn.

I H.WE South-western eggs in sets with
data for sale very cheap Parties meaning
business write me. I want a copy of '•Ridge-
wav's Nomenclature of Colors." will give eggs
for it. H. SAYLES. JR.. Abilene, Tex.

From having my name placed in your col-
umns for a sh<irt time I receivedso many letters
and cards, asking for my list of eggs", that it
took all my spare time to answer them. I was
greatly renaid ror so suuill an outlay. O. E.
Crooker. Madi«on. Wis.

FOR every fii st class set eggs with data sent
me will send twice its value in stamps at Scott's
prices Rarer the eggs, rarer the stamps.
H. C. HIGGINS. Cincinnatus. N. Y.

I HAVE numbers 13-52. Vol. ix. Vol. x. 1-12-
Vol xi. of the Golden Days, to exchange for
books on Ornithologv or Oology. H. II, JOHN-
SON. Pittsfield. Mafne.

TO EXCHANG E.— Law on Promissory Notes
by Storv. in good condition, original cost $5.50,
for best offer in first-class sets. FERD. F.
BALL. Sterling. Kansas.

NOTICE.— I will pay the following for can-
celled Columbian stamps. 1 and 2 cent envel-
opes 25 cts. per hundred (square cut): 3. 4. 5 and
10 cts.. .5(J cts. per hundred: 6 and 8 cts. Col. 2
cts. each: 15 ct. Col. 4 cts. each: 30 ct. Col. 5 cts.
each. CHAS. G. COLLINS. Box 431, Garden
City. Kas.

Through a single exchange notice in the-
Oqlogist I exchanged f.^0 worth of eggs, there-
by adding 75 sets to my collection, and corres-
ponding with collectors in 15 different states
and in Canada. Always ready for a good word
for the Oo£x>GiST. W. I. Comstock. Norwalk.
Ct.

FOR EXCHANGE. -\ Frank Wes.son4i cal.
rifle and some U. S. and foreign coins to ex-
change for eggs in sets with data. GEORGE P.
ROW ELL. 95 Atlantic St., Stamford. Ct.

TO EX<'HANjE.— Sketching camera or card
printing press for best offer in climbing irons
(strapped '. eggs, books, oologist instruments,
etc. Write at once. F. R. VVENGER, Con-
cord. Illinois.

EXCHANGE NOTICE.- A 22 cal. Reming-
ton Rifle, cost f8..50: good as new, for Coues"
Key or cash. F. A. COLBY. Beatrice. Neb.

TO EXCHANGE.— A 12 ga. double barreled

breech loading shot gun. for stamps: and .5.50

different stamps for eggs or trays. BERYL.
HODGE. Sterling, Kans-

My notice has paid me wonderfully. E. E,.
N. Murphy. Augusta. Ga.

TO EXCHANGE.— Wood carving tools, nov-
els, magazines, cigarette pictures and single
eggs for first-class eggs in sets and rare stamps..
CHA=;. L. BARTLETT. 331 S. West St., Gales-
burg, Ills.

$1.00 to *.300. of crystalized and other fossils. to-
exchange for skins, coins, eggs, stamps, curios.^
Indian relics, insects, etc. GUY CONLEY.
1400 Colorado St.. Austin. Tex.

When ans>vering advertisements,
always mention the "OOLOGIST."

THE OOLOGlSr.

67

THE NATURALIST is a large W-page
monthly magazine devoted to oology, geology.
archa?oiogy and all branches of natural his-
tory. Only .tiJ cents per year. Free exchange
column. Sample copv free. HERBERT
STERZING, Austin, Texas.

SHOT-GUN FOR SALE!— Single barrel
breech-loader in fine order. Twist barrel' and
top action. A tine .shooter and cost $\2. For
particulars write quick. Sinsles to exchange
for sets. HERBERT GREENE. Montclair, N.
J.

TO EXCHANGE. — An accordeon, complete
scroll saw outfit. 13 target pistol and skate^ for
cash. Wanted dumb bells. Would like eggs
in sets, curios, for Wateroury watch, chain,
charm, old revolver and old papers and maga-
zines. FRED ROBERTS. PostvUle. Iowa.

FOR EXCHANGE.— Zoological report. Texas
to the Pacific, by Baird. Giraud and Heermann.
200 plates— many colored plates of birds. Also
eggs with Foreign and American collectors.
A. E. PRICE. Grant Park. 111.

NOTICE.— What have you to offer for some
live California Quail in "healthy condition in
sineles or pairs. Can be shipped verv light.
OTTO J. ZAHN. 42? So. Hope St . Los Angeles.
Cal.

SECRET POW-iiiR— The divine in man. Hyp-
notism is the key which unlocks the secret" of
its developement and use. "How to Win:."
Price $'Z. Send $1 with order and agree to pay
balance upon rece'pt of book. Circulars free.
Address PROF. ANDERSON, Masonic Temple.
Chicago.

I have had exchanges in your paper and have
been greatly pleased with them. I have added
nearly f 00 worth of eggs to my collection and
am yet exchanging. Had I more .specimens I
could easily have dispo-ed ofthem. To say I
was pleased expresses it lightly. R. A. Camp-
bell. Hanover, N. H.

FOR EXCUANGE.-Pair lady's roller skates,
minerals, invisible and sympathetic inks to ex-
change for best offer in eggs. HARRY KEIL-
HOLTZ. Rising Sun. Cecil' Co.. Maryland.

WANTED.— All values Columbians: 1890 is-
sue, 3c. up: Southern fresh water shells and
fossils for fossils, shells and marine speci-
mens. D. H. EATON, Wobum. Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE:-f2.\00 in scientific books,
magazine and common eggs ( sets and singles)
for Coues" Key or Ridgewav"s Manual, single
breech-loading shot gun and fteld glass. Send
description and get list. All answered.
STEPHEN J. ADAMS. Cornish. Maine.

I received not less than fifty answers to my
advertisement and have made exchanges from
all parts of the U. S. \V. L. Ft. Collins. Colo.

WANTED :— A printing press, chase t5x.s.
type and printing material. I have for ex-
change for the above 1000 rare Chinese coins
that are over 500 years old. rare and desirable
first-class birds eggs, minerals, shells and oth-
er valuable curiosities. Write stating what
you have and I will make a'ou a good offer.
Address C. M. HATFIELD, Oakland. Cal.

$15 WORTH of 5. 10 and 25 cts. specimens of
minerals. Indian relics, shells, and fossils to
exchange for best offer of fine minerals (large)
and petrified woods, or Indian relics. Speci-
mens are good but duplicates of what I have in
my collection. A few large fine fossil shells
wanted. GEO. W. DIXON. Watertown. S. D.

TO EXCHANGE for 1st class single eggs.
Wood's Natural History. 4-keyed flute, nearly
new. skin of black woodchuck. rare. All an-
swered. ERNEi?T H. SHORT. Chili. N. Y.

WANTED:— Vol. I of the Audi'bon Magazine.
Will give cash or good exchange. Also have-
eggs to exchange for first class "bird skins. R.
C. MCGREGOR, Palo Alto. Caliiornia.

I receive more mail in one day from advs. in
the OoLOGiST than from all the rest put togeth-
er and I shall continue to advert.se in it. C.
W. Hillnian. Canisteo. N. Y.

I HAVE first-class climbing irons strapped
complete for -$2.00. flrst-class drills for$..=)Oa
doz. or 1 will exchange for Indian relics, sets or
curios. CLARENCE H. WATROUS. Chester,
Middlesex Co.. Conn.

EGGS IN SETS:— During the coming season
I w 11 collect flrtP. po.siti)ely iiidentijicl sets of
this localitv. Those wishing to exchange fine
sets for same please write. HORACE A. GAY-
LORD. Pasadena. Cal.

TO EXCHANGE: A fine colored plate (22x
28 inches) of Prairie Chickens and Duck (life
size) supposed to he hanging by feet from a
peg for 12. CO worth of eggs in sets. Send list
of what you have. PERCY D. GETTY. 301 N.
Main St . Bloomington. Ill .

Judging from the success of an advertisement
which I had insertel in the July num'ner I de-
sire to say, that I received replies from all
parts of the country, from Maine to California,
and succeeded in making many valuable ex-
changes. An advertisement inserted in the
OoLOGiST will accomplish all that can be ex-
pected. D. B. Burrows. Lacon. 111.

COINS WANTED:— Foreign and U. S.
.silver or copper. Must be in good condition.
Especially desire U. S. half cents and large
U. S. cents to complete series. Have to offer
thirty l^rge cents, half dimes, old half dollar,
etc. " Will buv at reasonable rates. D. B.
ROGERS. Wa-"Keeney. Trego Co., Kan.

READ THIS:— Every person sending me an
L'. S. cent dated before 18.59 or a half dime or a
dim*^ dated before 1874 I will send 2.5c worth
of fine foreign stamps, valued at 2 to 10 «ents
each, for each coin. First person sending will
receive fl.oO worth of stamps //-f^s. Send quick.
Rare coins bought for cash. Send I'st. Also
taxidermist tools for sale cheap, for cash. W.
A. JOHNSON. 123 W. Brooks St.. Galesburg.
111.

I received so many letters and cards from my
exchange notice in the Oologist. that I could
not answer them all. In order that you may
judge of the number of letters received. I would
say. that i covered a chair completely with the
stamps taken from the letters thus received.
L, V. Case. Naples, N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE for eggs in sets, the fol-
lowing sets with data. A. O. U. Nos. 488 1-.5.
755 1-4, 5<0 1-3. .506 1-2. 498 1-2. 106 10-1. 4121-.5.
.58ld 1-2. 704 1-4. 477 1-4. 444 1-3. 761 1-3. 721 1-6,
30a 1-1. 622a 1-3. 519 1-3. also Singles Nos. .560. 601,.
624. 511. 211, 212. 622a. 721. 766.378.200.70. .506.
74. 199, 300, 378, .581, 687. also lot of foreign and
US stamps in album, catalogue value 118.00.
and a card printing press with four fonts of
tvpe. All letters answered. CHARLES A.
ELY. PeiTineville. Monmouth Co.. N. J.

When answering advertisement&.
always mention the "OOLOGIST."

68

THE OOLOGJST

TO EXCHANGE.— Winchester Repeating
Rifle 23 cal. nearly new, for southei-n or west-
ern sets. H. H. SPICER, 596 Woodward. Ave..
Detroit, Mich.

FOR EXCHANGE.— First-class common sets
of this locality, with data, for same, with col-
)ectors in other states. Address, WM. L. AT-
KINSON, San Jose, Cal.

I received almost IGO answers to my ad. in
your paper. It is the best advertising medium
I ever used. G. B. Bennett, Terra Haute. Ind*.

TO EXCHANGE. Very desirable first-class
sets and singles with datas, of this community.
for first-class Western and Southern eggs.
CHARLES WARNER, Mackinaw, III.

TO EXCHANGE.— Fine eggs in sets and sin-
gles, skins, stamps and books. JOHN W.
HITT, 169 Broadway, Indianapolis. Ind.

EXCHANGE.— .53 in. Columbian Light Road-
ster Bicycle in tine running order for best offer
in books, tire arms or skins. All letters an-
swered. Cash value of wheel Is $35. HORACE
H. FELL, 3658 Dearborn St. Chicago. III.

WANTED.— Collectors of Insects in every
State of the Union. See mv '-ad." PROF.
CARL BRA UN. Naturalist Bangor, Me.

One advertisement of Coleoptera broiight me
six letters of inquiry. In three weeks, closed
out the last I had. and have to answer letters
still coming in "Specimens all gone." F.
Hodge. Hudson. O.

WANTED:— An egg cabinet, a. set of No. 349
and books on ornithology. I offer a solid silver
hunting case watch, setVof Nos. 325 1-2. .3.52 2-2.
417 1-2 and part cash on the cabinet. WM. H.
BELL, West Point. Va.

TO EXCHANGE.— Two good egg drills or
150 postage stamps for every set of birds eggs
Vi-ith data sent me. Address, CLARENCE
LUTHER. P. O. Box 322, Fayetteville. Ark.

MOUNTED BIRDS, Skins, Eggs and other
specimens exchanged for Printing Press, TjT)e.
"Hornaday's Taxidermy," Collecting Tube,
Lathe or Skins. DELBERT MEIXSELL.
Pekin. Illinois.

OOLOGISTS WANTED. -Vol. .5. Nos. 1 to 6
and 10 to 12. Papers and book for above, and
for many other papers. R. H. ROCKWOOD.
Watervnlle. Maine.

TO EXCHANGE:— Nicely mounted Birds
lor best offers of eggs in sets : Hawks, Grouse
and Quail preferred. I have Barred. Horned.
Snowy and Screech Owls: Goshawk. Broad-
winged, Sharp-shinned and Cooper'.s Hawks:
Peacock: White Pelican; Blue Herons; etc.
CHAS. K. REED. No. 262 Main St.. Worcester.
Mass.

The results obtained from my recent exchange
notices in the Oologist have been entirely sat-
isfacrory. I have received more than a hun-
dred communications, embracing nearly every
section in the Union. from Maine to Florida and
from the Atlantic to the Pacific-. I know of no
other paper as an advertising medium in which
such results could be obtained at such small
•cost. M. C. White. Mathews. C. H.. Va.

FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE —Second-hand
self-inking Excelsior Press, .5x8. with four
founts of type, furniture, ink. etc. Price com-
plete sfl5.00 or open for offers of exchange.
ALBION CARD WORKS. Albion. N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE. 1st class eggs of Flycatch-
er, Terns, Sandpipers. Chickadees, for common
sets with data. E. F. WATSON, Kennebunk
Beach, Me.

TO EXCHANGE for first-class skins,
have. 30 No's Santa ClauB. Parley's Universal
History. Three Kingdoms, roller skates, accor-
deon. Quackenbush's air rifle. L.G.WOOD-
RUFF, 202 W. 103 St., N. Y. City.

WANTED.— A good 5x7 or .5x8 Landscape
Camera of reliable make. Also eggs in sets of
American Raptores. Have many things to
offer for same. Write at once to A. MOWBRAY
SEMPLE, Poynette. Wis.

My notice in the August number of the Ooi.o-
GiST paid me big. I received over 30 letters in
three days. J. M. Swain. E. Wilton, Me.

WOULD LIKE to correspond with reliable
California or Southern collectors who would
like to exchange eggs of their locality for oth-
ers of this. C. C. HENRY, 340 Broadway,
New York City.

ON E ALMOST new self-inking printing press
just the thing for printing labels, etc. will sell
for $3.00. GLOVER M. ALLEN, 3 Vernon St.,
Newton, Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE.— Merwin and Hulbert in-
terchangeable Sixteen ga. shot gun and 22 rifle,
cost fifteen dollars, for eggs or oologi< al sup-
plies. CARLTON H. PLUMB, 1.351 Washing-
ton Ave., Springfield, Mo.

THE MAN THAT WON AT MADISON
SQUARE IN '93. bred the Brown Leghorns I
am breeding. My Claiborne Pits are winners.
J will exchange eggs of either for books. J. S.
GRIFFING, Cutchogue. Long Island. N. Y.

CORRESPONDENCE invited from all desir-
ing to exchange eggs with full data, of other
localities for same of Central Iowa during the
coming season. A. P. GODLEY, LeGrand, la.

As an exchange medium it can't be excelled.
Every exchange notice I have had inserted, has
brought me from thirty to seventy-five answers.
In fact more than I could possibly attend to.
F. T. Corless, Tillamook. Ore.

We received 1.50 letters and cards in answer
to a single notice in the columns of the Oolo-
gist. Merrimac Stamp Co.. Natick, Mass.

ETHNOLOGY:— Wanted a copy of J. W.
Powell's First Annual Report. 1879-80 of the
Bui-eau of Ethnology. Must be "as good as
new." Address stating lowest cash or ex-
change price. F. H. LATTIN & CO., Albion.
N. Y.

EGGS.— Eagle. Buzzard. Hawk, Osprey, Rare
Warblers and nests and many others. Pine
mounted birds, cheap, cash. Only perfectly
safe climbing gear, ad.iustable to any size tree,
stop anywhere to rest, hands free. Get from
M. C. White, sole manufacturer, Matthews, Va.
$2 net. Fine photos. HxlO of old Chancellors-
ville Headquarters. Gen. Hooker during battle
May, 1863, 30c. Cabinet photo. Steven Junior
Steptoe (colored man) and his cabin. Taken
from life, 1893. in 109th year of his age, with in-
teresting histoi'y, 25c. Both above for .50c.
New style climbing ii'ons with steadjang stays,
strappe'd. not least tiresome. $3.75 net. All in-
I'ormation for stamp. F. THEO. MILLER.
Lancaster. C. H. Va.

When answering advertisements
always mention the"OOLOGIST."

THE OOLOGIST.

69

WANTED AT ONCE.— I can use a number
of 23 cal. Colt and Smith & Wesson revolvers.
Will pay cash or good exchange in 33 cal. Bull-
dog revolvers. State cash price and condition.
HORACE H. FELL. 3658 Dearborn St., Chi-
cago, 111.

BIRDS. MICHIGAN ; Birds, Minnesota -.ivram-
mals. Minnesota; Fish, Lorain Co.. Ohio; Dav-
ie's Nest and Eggs, Gentry's Illustrations— Mid-
dle States. Part I, and various other papers,
Nests and Eggs, etc., to exchange for books
on Ornithology or Mammalogy. WM. H.
FISHER. 14 W. North Ave., Baltimore, Md.

I am well satisfied with the results of my ad-
vertising in the OoIjOgist and shall certainly
continue to patronize it as long as I have ma-
terial to dispose! of. W. G. Smith, Loveland,
Colo.

RAND & McNALLY Atlas of the World
(new) U. ; New Rogers' Scroll Saw, $S; Vol. 18-16
O. and O. $3; 4 Steel Traps 0>. lOc, for Coues'
Key (fine cond.j or snare drum, 14 in. head, key
tighten, good condition. Enclose stamp, GEO.
W. VOSBURG, Nat., Columbus, Wis.

FOR SALE:— Some (Catlin'te) Pipestone
Peace-Pipes J3.00 each, inlaid Paper Weights
$1.00, Button Hooks stone handles $.40, Watch
Charms $.2.5, polished pieces pipestone $ 2.5 to
$.50 postpaid. A. D. BROWN, Pipestone, Minn.

EXCHANGE NOTICE:— $5 cash takes 4x.5 tri-
pod camera, and outfit, Waterbury lens, cost $10.
For particulars address A. B. BLAKEMORE,
280 St. Andrew St., New Orleans, La.

WAMTED:— A good collecting pistol, also
the following A. O. U. numbers of eggs in sets
with data 47, 332. a37. 389. D. A. ATKINSON,
3ox 44, Wilklnsburg, Pa.

FOR SALE.— Gilman Vertical Press, with
fountain, chase 6x9, 50 lbs. long primer and 16
fonts job type, some new. balance nearly new,
leads, cases, stick, etc., ^ cash, LOVETT
BROS., Oxford. Mass.

I WISH to Correspond with advanced stu
dents ofEvolution, Primitive Man. Ornithology
and Oology. References exchanged. Corres-
pondents in foreisn countries especially de-
sired. Corresdondence en la langue Frdncais.
HARRY B. SARGEANT, 2194. Seventh Ave..
New York, New York.

FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE CHEAP:—
Cigarette and tobacco pictures, tickets and
tobacco tags, birds in the meat. 20 gauge col-
lecting enm books, etc Makk offers. WM.
GILBERT, Box IBO, Elk River, Minn.

WANTED, a clean copy of the Oct. Nidiolo-
gUt. Will give the following first-class singles,
49.5. 687, 7a5. 7.56. C. H. MORRELL, Pittsfield,
Me.

WANTED !— Reliable and competent col-
lectors to collect for me this season. Southern,
western and northern eggs wanted. W. E.
LOUCKS, Peoria. 111.

WONDEKS of the Sea. containing descriptions
ot the many wonderful and beautiful things
found at the bottom ot the ocean fully illustrated
This worl< and the .lournal 3 mos. for loc.
JOUr^NAL, Beaver (•iprings. Pa.

1 received 10 times as many answers to that
one lliMe exchange in June OoLom.sr than I did
In all of several other exchange ads. I ventured
In otiier papers, which cost me over $lo. Ed Van
Winkle. Van's Harbor, Michigan.

I HAVE two Hue old U. S. army sabres to ex-
change for Instantaneons Camera, Typewriter
Field Glas« or offers. I also have Oological
Tnstruments to exchange for eegs. Write at
once. ISADOR L. TROSTLER, 4846 Farnam
St.. Omaha. Neb.

1 HAVE first-class sets with data of Water
Birds. Hawks. Owls, etc. for sale very cheap
Parties desiring eggs acidress H. SAYL'eS,JR..
Abilene. Texas.

The advertisements Inserted In your paper
have proven entirely satisfactory. We consider
an inch In the Ooi.oaiST better than a page In any
other naturalists paper published H, E.Pendry
Eustis. Fla.

BIRDS EGGS taken at half price in exchange
for fine rubber stamps. Illustrated catalogue
for stamp. Correspondence solicited. ARTHUR
L. POPE. McMinnvilli:-, Ore.

2 VOLS. YOUTHS Companion and 1 of
G olden Days for books on Oology or best offer
in eggs. C. Y. SEMPLE. care of Atlantic Re-
fining Co., Easton, Pa.

WANTED:— Microscopical apparatus, books,
postage stamps (Columbians especially desired)
and envelopes. Have books and specimens of
all departments Natural History, stamps and
curiosities of all kinds, value over $5,000.00.
Wanted particularly first class microscope.
G. R. LUMSDEN, Greenville, Conn.

The OoLOGTST Is an excellent medlimi for adver-
tising. From my 75 word exchange notice in the
OoLOdiST. I have exchanged over $2.')0 worth of
eggs, adding about 75 sets to :;my private collec-
tion. W. C Lawrence, Los Gatos, Cal,

UNCJLE TOM'S c;aBIN has sold for $2. We
send it complete. 192 pages, and .Journal 3 mos
for IOC. JOURNAL. Beaver Springs, Pa.

FOR SALE:— Fine Oriskaney sandstone
fossils by express 3 dollars per 100, smaller lots
same rate, shale rock fossils from Cayuga Co.
very cheap, arrow points, spear heads, scrap-
ers, net sinkers, cheapest in market. W ill ex-
change for spear heads and arrow points from
Michigan and Wisconsin. JOHN MINCHIN,
Flemiiig, Cayuga Co., N. Y.

EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND.-This so-
ciety is engaged in discovering and recording
the arts and sciences, the social and family life,
the business and civic occupations of men,"
their knowledge of jurisprudence and medicine,
their religious beliefs and practices, for 5,000
years from the dawn of history. Explorations
this year are in progress at Deir-el-Bahari
(Thebes), and the "Archaeological Survey" is
occupied at Tell-elAmarna. For full particul-
ars, address with stamp. REV. DR. WILLIAM
C. WINSLOW. .525 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.

YOUR NAME IN GOLD INK on 25 stylish vls-
Itlng cards and a useful present free for only lO
cents. JOURNAL, Beaver springs. Pa.

From my exchange noi ices. I received so many
letters, etc.. It was impossible to answer them,
contrary to my word. From my add In June
number I received almost a bag of mall dally, j.
11111, Edlnburg, 111.

I have not Kept a record of my answers but can
say that I am satisfied that it paid well. H. A.
Carhart, Syracuse, N. V.

When answering advertisements
always mention the "OOLOGIST."

70

THE O0].O(;;S'l'

PECK'S BAD BOY, Tllu^trated, and the Journ-
al, 8 mos. tor ouly loc. Fimalest story out.
JOURNAL. Beaver Sorlngs, Pa

From my single notice I received over lon an-
swers and am s 111 r^^ceivin? them. I advise all
to advertise In the Oologist. N, V. Linden, Lake
City, Fla,

OREGON ECGS:— Those desiring to pur-
Chase, this season, fine a^ith«ntic sets of Ore-
gon eggs will do well to send a 2c. stamp for
my price list. Correspondence solicited.
ARTHUR L. POPE. McMinuville, Ore.

I consider the Oologi.st the best advertising
medium of Its kind in America and this fact
seems to he generally recogai'.e.i, judarlnsr from
the amount of names in its want columns and
from the expressions of its patrons. VV. M. M..
St. Louis. Mo.

FOR EXCHANGE:— A tine B flat cornet, cost
$10. no cheap afflair. Wanted, birds eggs, In-
dian relics, rareties, curios. Also have fine
■escallop shells for exchange. A.E.PAYNE,
Box 218. Greenport, 1, I„ N. Y.

PHOTOGR\PHS of Wild Game, consisting of
■eight^^en different 5xs photographs of deer, six
of antelope five of elk. one coyote, two moun-
tain lions: .$3 a dozen mounted, $2.50 unmounted.
A. G WALLFHAN, Lay. Routt Co., ColO.

A '-SNAP" FOR YOLT:— My entire collection
•of eggs and mount'^d birds must go before
May 1st and for Indian relics or such articles
as i can use, I will give 92 woi'th of birds and
■eo-gs for each $1 vvortb sent. References given
and required. L. V. CASE, Naples, N, Y.

All Exchange notices ihat I have had In the
OOLOoisT have proved very satisfactory. I con-
sider that rhe exchange department affords the
best medium of negotiating exchange.-, of any
monthly of like nature. F. W. c, VVauwautosa.
WIS. ^

It gives me great pleasure to acknowledge the
success of advertising in the Oologist. I have
advertised in several Natural History papers but
In no case have I received that prompt reply with
success as through the medium of the
OOLOGIST. Carl Braun, Banger, Me.

NATURAL and Other Wonders of the World,
containing descriptions and illustrations of some
of the most wonderlul works of nature and of
men. Free with Journal 3 mos. on trial lor luc.
JOURNAL, Beaver yprlngs. Pa.

JUST WHAT YOU WANT !— A perfect hold-
back for vour buggy or wagon, sure to please,
simple, cheap, lasting. Send 2:>c. for sample
pair, or stamp for description. Will exchange
tine specimens ot Georgia woods also telea,
promeihea and cecropia coccoons for eggs.
OoLOGiSTS, stamps, etc LEROY KING, 304
Forest West, Detroit, Mich.

I WILL GIVE one good U. S. half cent or
four large coi^per cents for each used SiOct. or
twelve lf)C. and ;^)c. 1890 stamps. Or for twelve
6c and 8c. or twenty 3c. or four \r>c. or two 30c.
or one 50c. Columbians Good exchange in
other coins or foreign stamps for all kinds of
U. S. postage and revenue stamps. Or will
pay cash for lots or coUe tions. Price list free.
J>.A. PIERCE, 191 Clark St., Chicago, 111.

BARGAINS.— Large Peacock, tail spead,
good fire screen. 10 feet aci'oss. $35, Another
specimen mounted on pedestal. natural position,
cheap at *'35 Mounted "Great Blue Heron" |5,
Stuffed Porcupine Fish, a great curio, 14 inches
in diameter, $8. Hawk-bill Turtle backs pol-
ished, rare, and very pretty. *7. Japanese
Pheasant, moiinted as panel picture, ch-ap at
$15 Fox head, mountea on large shit^ld, with
tail on either side and riding whip. $15. The
above are all fine pieces of work and will give
■eminent satisiaction. F. H. LATTIN & CO..
A571 Cottage Grove Ave.. Chicago. 111.

FOR SALE.— Kent Elgin won first in the all
age Pointer Stake at the U. S. Field Trials at
Grand Junction. Tenn.. Feb.. 1894. Have Pup-
pies for sale i-ired bv Kent El^in Boy and
Belle L No. .30680 A, K. C. Stud Book. All
questions answered by post. E. G. TABOR,
Meridian, N. Y.

FOR SALE.— A .5x8 "New Model" camera,
with plates. $6. .50 shutter, printing frames and
paper, "wignetter" and chemicals. Complete
outfit. $10.00. S. W. ELDER, 177 Rush St.

Chicago.

The next aay aiter I received my paper 1 com-
menced to receive letters and for the next two
weeks 1 received not less than 75 letters and
cards. As an aavertlsing medium the Ooiogist
can't be beat and 1 consider the money I spent
In advertising through its columns the best invest-
ment I ever made. W. E. Drennan, New Sharon,
Iowa.

COLLECTORS. Everywhere! Having good
and authentic sets, this season's collecting to
dispose of, send list and price, on pi'ocural of
said sets to H. B. HOLLIS.Wellesly Hills.Mass.

MARINE AND GENERAL CURIOSITIES.
Send 10 cents forEillustrated catalogile and re-
ceive either one Star Fish and Skate Egg. or
Razor Shell free. All kinds of specimens
bought for spot cash. FRED H. BANKS,
Stamford, Conn.

All of my exchanges in the Oologist have
proved satisfacto/y a-id 1 think the Oologtst 1s»
the best paptr of the kind, E, K. collett. Austin,
Texas,

NOTICE. Send me any Natural History
specimen valued at 5 cents and receive a Chi-
nese Coin, or one valued at 10 cents and receive
two coins, etc. Look ! Emu and Ostrich eggs
$1 50 each. W. H. HILLER, 147, W. "aSd St„
Los Angeles. Calif .

WANTED.— I want to buy Fractional Cur-
rency in ci'isp condition. Also Copper Cents of
1793, 1799. 1804, 1809. 1811 and eagle cents 1856,

E. G. TABOR. Meridian N. Y.

From my exchange notice In the Oologist, I
dW exchange to the amount of $300 and greatly
Increased my library. T. S. Rill, Knoxville, la.

„»

FRANK B. ARMSTRONG. Dealer in birds-
skins and eggs. Brownsville. Texas will give
special attention to the collection, for scientific
purposes, of all birds, beasts, reptiles, native to
the interior and border of Mexico, and will fur-
nish careful data in regard same. Correspon-
dence respectfully solicited. FRANK B.
ARMSTRONG. Brownsville, Texas.

By inserting exchange notices in the Oologist
and by answering othf-rs therein, during the past
two ,\ ears I have added more than $40i» worth of
new'sets to my collection, J. W. Jacobs, Way-
nesburg. Pa.

FOR SALE. -An A 1 12 ft Alligator, stuffed.
Price $75 Or will exchange for Birds Eggs,
Skins or books on Natural History. Address,

F. H. LATTIN & Co, 3.571 Cottage Grove Ave.,
Chicago. 111.

When answering advertisements
always mention the "OOLOGIST."

THE OOLOGlsr.

71

4". PIE'^ES OF SHEEP MUSIC for iTc. (to In-
troduce It.) JOURNAL. Beaver Springs, Pa.

T tiufl Miat exc. notices In the Oolouist pay me
100 oer cent, better than In otlier papers, Edvv.
Wall. San Bernandlno, f "allf.

FOR SALE.— V perfect mounted specimen of
the American Flamingo. Well packed and de-
livered to E.xpress Co for $18. F. H LATTIN,
& CO.. i^o'l Cottage Grove Ave.. Chicago. Ills.

FOR EXCHANGE.— A good juno Bicj'Cle.
2ti inch solid tire, and in A I running order.
For either Lady or Gentleman. Ofters sulicited.
in Stamps. Books. Birds Eggs. Bird Skins, etc,
Addres.s. W. F. WP^BB, 3571 Cottage Grove Av.,
Chicago. Ill,

I have added two hundred dollars i$>00^ worth
of specimens to mv colle 'tlon through the Ex-
change column of the Oologist. J. M. Kllvlng-
ton. Mason ciry. la.

FOI:i SALE.— Foreign stamps in large and
small lots. Api)r(iv;il sheets to reliable parties
at .')0 per cent discount. ExrhaiKjea .lolicUecl.
MRS. VV. F. WEBB, No. 9 Kenil worth, Stith &
Ellis. Chicago, III.

We have received more answers from the ad. In
your December number than from any magazine
we ever advertised in. Perrine Bros., Water Val-
ley. N. Y.

HEY! 1 am selling -io var U s. and foreign
stamps for only 10c. . also lot' var.. some unused
for 'inc. (^Ive tliem a trial, you will buy mo-e.
Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.
Every oth purchaser 7> and \lf> var. respectively
as their packet. GEO. E. CLEAVER, 1132 Per-
keomen Ave., Reading, Pa.

•"bibliomaniacs. -Weeding my crowded lib-
rary to utHltai-i an basis, a limited clioice. rare
volumes that you'll eagerly tal<e at English Boole-
shop prices. Stamp tor list. Onloqiatx. who
want set-! ^otseml rare waterbirds and raptores.
Including Loon. Sandhill Crane and Missi'^sipol
Kite. Desiderata Lists exchauted. If you've rare
sets. Onteotorjiats. Bre.stbone. etc.. Ducks,
Hawks, Eagles, Owls: List, st-imp. Porcupine
Quills, assorted, twenty cents per hundred. P.
B. PEAIJODY. Owatonna. Minn.

We have done more or less advertising in the
■Ooi.OGiST In tJie past few years Mnd take pleasure
In .saying that 1talwa\s more th'-in piiid us. We
found it the best advertising medium we ever
tried. It is more than Satisfactory and we wish
you and your paper the prosperity you deserve
DlckljsJn & Durkee Sharon. Vis.

WE HAVE some Hue Apache and .sioux relics,
as Knlie Sheathes. Tf>ba/'co Pouches. Quiveis of
tanned Calf skin with hair on. Belts. S.ilrts. leg-
Bins, ornameuis of various designs, mostly bead-
ed. War Clubs etc. All are a batgain to any one
Interested. List tor stump. Address at once,
K. 11. LATTIN & CO., 3.571 Cottage Grove Ave,,
Chicago.

TO EXCHAN(iE.— For every .5u c^nt piece
coined before 1H75, 1 will give lono foreign stamps
from all parts of the world, many rare ones, or
for every 2:"i cent r lece made betore is7o. l will
give 6110 foreign stamps: containing four varieties
OfKrench colonies. .") vmieties .lip m. etc. Must
be m good or fair condition. HERIIEUT STER-
ZING. Austin, Texas.

EG(JS. EGtiS.— Large Ostrich eggs $1,2.): Emeu
eggs L.'iO; poitage paid. Above eggs and others
in exchange for eggs not In my collection. Jap-
anese coins In exch mge for eggs. A. E. LITTLE
2-i'-, Market S' ., San Francisco. Cal.

GOOD SPECIMEN, gold-bearing ciuartz
showing gold sent prepaid on re( eipt of 30c, (no
stamps). Will exchange eggs for personal
property. Collectors desiring sets of this lo-
cality and Colorado Desert write inclosing
stamp. THOS. STANLEY, Banner, San
Diego Co., Calif.

My notices have been \ery paying and satisfac-
tory. T completely exhausted mv surplus ot Car-
rier Pigeons. A- V, S., Decorah. la.

FOI{ EXCHANGE —Two Bicycles safeties:one
a cushion tl'-e the other a tine pneumatic. Will
sell cheap or exchange tor camera, microscope or
Natural H 'Story spcimeus. I have also a few-
books, bird's skins, eggs and other personal prop-
erty for exchange. Write at once. Incloslngllsts
A. MOWBRAY SRMPLR, Poynette, Wis.

EX HANCtE NOTICE.— I have fine Shot-gun
Rifle, Revolver, rare eggs in sets, stamps, min-
erals, sctentiric books and other articles to ex-
change fo Beudire's "Lifj Hi.s'-orles of North
American Birds." Oapen's "Oology of New En-
gland." coue.s' and Steam's "New England Bird
Life." coues' "Key" (last edition). Ridgway's
"Manual" and other standard ornltholoo-icai
works and back numbers of "Auk." 'Bulletla of
Nuttall Oi-u. club." "O. and O." etc. uenerous
exchange given for any of these works in good
condition. ROBERT A, CAMPBELL, Hanover
N. H.

STOP. READ. ORDER.-Some of those
first class sets with full data, for sale at two-
thirds "Standard Catalogue" prices: they in-
clude Terns. Petrels. Herons, Hawks. Owls
Cuckoos, Kingfishers. Woodpeckers, Flickers'
Hummers, Flycatchers, Magpies. Oriolesl
GracUes. Goldfinches. Swallows, Vireos"
Warblers, Wrens, Thrushes and many others;
ninety species in all. Special Bai-gair. for the
whole lot. ALBERT R. ^HEY^WARD, JR.
Columbia, S. C.

WANTED.— Address of every ornithologist In
Maine, young or old: rich or poor: male or female.
Y'ou are invited to help and be helped in a sys-
tematic study of our binls. United Ornirholo-
glsts of Maine. Address, STEPHEN J. ADAMS
Cornish. Maine.

FOR EX( HANGE. -"Hornaday's Taxldernw"
and "Birds of Michigan" both new for best offer
of eggs In sets, oologlcal supplies. Send lists
•JAV (i. S.MITH, Ripley, N. Y.

1 have been a subscriber to your paper since Its
beginning in iss4 , and during that time have had
occasion to Insert nof Ices during eacn .year, and
with very good restiPs, ahvays disposing of every
thing 1 had for exchange in a few days. F. H
Farly. St. Thomas, Ont.

WANTED,— To exchange 1st class sets of eggs
wlthda'aot Southern California birds with col-
lectoi-s of other localities. H, McCONVILLE
lt)36, 7th St., San Diego, calif. '

WANTED.- A double action automatic shell
ejector revolver. Will exchange for same a scroll
saw. patterns and blades. Write at once. AR-
THUR E. HUTCHINSON, Gaines. N, Y,

ONE PAIRClPnblng Irons. w||] sell for 7ic •
one Baltimore Printing Press No. 9, for$l,.-,o, cost
$."•; one dozen KlngtYabs, large $1.2-. and a col-
lection of sea shells, will sell very cheap, send
for list, N P. BRADT, Hindsburgh, Orleans Co.,

N. y.

When answering advertisements
always mention the "OOLOGIST."

r2

THE OOLOGIST.

FOR SALE. Sume fine sets very cheap, fol-
lowine are a few samples. Fulmar 1-1 @, .35,
Manx' Shearwater 1-1 (Tf .50. Gannet 1-1 @- .20,
Lapwing 1-4 (?; .09. Golden Plover 1-3 @ .30.Ring
Plover 1-4 (Tc .10. Oystercatcher 1-3 (T^ .13. Ameri-
can Osprey 1-3 1-3 @ .25. BlacU-chiuned Hum-
mer n-3@ .25, Western Wood Pewee 1-3 1-2 <^i
.10, Bullock's Oriole 1-4 (Tr .05, Heerraann's Song
Sparrow 1-3 (Si .04. Kindly add 10^. extra for
postage on amounts under f 1.00. Prices are ea.

WOULD ALSO be pleased to receive ad-
vance orders for the following rarities. Glau-
cous, Iceland and Little Gulls, Greater Sher-
water, Bulwer's Petrel, Rufous-crested Duck,
European Woodcock. Purple.Green and Spoon-
billed Sand-pipers, Greenshanks, Turnstone.
White, Grav and Common Gyrfalcons, Duck
Hawk, Snowy, Lapp and Hawk Owls. Richard-
son's (Teugnialm's) Owl.;HolbCEirs Redpoll, Bo-
hemian Waxwing, Northern (Great Grey)
Shrike, Nutcrackers, Crossbills, Kinglet^, etc.
Also fine clutches of Black, Red, Hazel and
Sand Grouse, Willow, Rock and Iceland Ptar-
migans and the following very showy and
scarce species, Indian. Griffon, Arabian, Egyp-
tian and Asiatic Vultures; Golden, Imperial.
Adalbert's. Rough-footed. Spotted, Oriental,
Bounellls,Dwarf,Greenland. Cinereous, Serpent,
Aquila fidvescens and Agnila rindhiana Eagles:
Cinereous, Demoselle and Numidian Cranes:
Black, Egyptian, Indian, Honey and Common
Kites; Great, Little, Houbara and Macqueeu's
Bustard's, and many varieties of Falcons, Buz-
zards, Hawks, Warblers, Finches, Snipe, Part-
ridges, etc.

WANTED TO EXCHANGE with all collec-
tors, first-class sets of American and foreign
birds eggs, will have a very full list and can
use many common and rare kinds in large se-
ries. Want 100 eggs of Sparrow Hawk in fine
sets.

Wanted cheap for cash or choice exchange,
full sets of Loon.Tropic Birds. FlamingcSpoon-
bills. Kites, Sharp-shin, Golden Eagle, Vul-
tures, Caracaras, Chuck-will's-widow, Whip-
poor-will, Parauque, etc. in any quantity. Cor-
respondence solicited from all.

TO ADVANCED COLLECTORS having
special desiderata I would say that I can pro-
cure many very rare varieties such as Lammer-
geyer, Gypneln.f barbatun, Olive Tree Warbler,
Hypolaig oliwtorum. Snow Finch, Oreospiiia
nivcdis. Tringa islandica. FrigUla teydea. Hal-
iastur Indus, IJpirpa lotujiros'tris. Accentor at-
rogularis. Megoloperdix' nii/eUi. etc. C. W.
CRANDALL, Woodside, Queens Co., N. Y.

THE NAUTILUS.

A monthly devoted to the intesests of Cou-
chologists. Edited and published by IJ. A. Pils-
bry. Academy of Natural Sciences and C. W.
Johnson, Wagner Free Institute, Philadelphia,
Pa Send for sample copy.

GOING TO BUILD?

Send for illustrated catalogue, containing 26
handsome designs, free. Address Shoppell's
Modern Houses,63 Broadway, N. Y. J6t

EGGS.

From the Orient and Assam 'Malakka) In-
dia Australia, Africa, etc., correctly named
at moderate prices, also European and exotic
Birds skins. HERMANN ROLLE,

Emdener St.. 4, Berlin, N. W.. Germany

F-OR Five extra Ore. Arrow-points, one
flnlw tfln 9inch Spear, one Drill and a fine
UuiJ OUl Scraper, all prepaid.

J. F. BOWEN, Box 62. luka. Miss.

When answering advertisements
always mention the "OO LOG I ST."

Babbitt's Glove Kid Tan

Is used by over two-thirds of the taxidermists
of the U. S"., which PROVES it to be a superior-
article. Tbe past few years I have advertised
this tan in many papers in the U. S., but there
is without doubt many who do not know the
merits of BABBITT'S GLOVE KID TAN.

It will tan furs clear through and leave them
as soft as GLOVE KID.

I c is always ready for use and always gives
the same results.

It costs $1 per bottle (which is the regular
price) to tan ONE DOZEN fox skins, making
it the cheanest tan on the market.

It will do the work in one-half the time re-
quired by the old method, etc.

The object of this advertisement is to intro-
duce it, so for thirty days from the date of is-
suing this paper I will send a bottle postpaid
for ..50. After that date the price will be ad-
vanced to !?!, I have a circular giving testi-
monals from those who have used it the past
few years. It will be mailed you free. No live
workman will tan furs by the old method after
reading the wonderful results to be obtained b »-
using BARBITT'S GLOVE KID TAN.

Babbitt's Auxiliary Barrel's
or **Tubes"

Is an invention which allows you to use a 32
or 38 cal. shell in yovir 12 or 16 bore gun. They
are as ensily removed as a shell and will not
interfere with shooting large game.

DON'T try to collect small birds with your 12
or 16 bore shot gun. It will ruin your birds
about every time. It will cost but 9\ .50 for an
auxiliary barrel, either a 32 or 38 cal. and you
will save its cost in powder and shot inside of
three months. A full assortment of above are,
always kept in stcck to FIT ANY MAKE OF
GU^f.

It is surely something which every collector
should have". A price list giving testimonals
from the leading collectors who have used
them, in fact everything you wish to know
about them, will be mailed yon upon request.

Artificial Leaves and Ferns..

I talje great pride in my new stock of leaves
and ferns; over fifty different shapes of leaves
and each one can be furnished in eight styles,
making an assortment of over 400 styles. A
sample pack will be sent you for .20 showing
the principal styles. In ferns 1 have many
styles, ranging in price from .25 to $1..50 per
dozen. Several of the styles are entirely new
to this country. If you work on case work it
will pay to drop me a line.

Glass Eyes.

My catalogue will give you a discription of
every style-made, and THE LOWEST PRICES
to be obtained IN THIS COUNTRY.

Tools and Supplies

Are imported direct from England and will:
give satisfaction.

Remember

I deal in everything used by the naturalist
or taxidermist and would be pleased to mail
you one of my catalogues. It contains many
things that you wish to know.

JAMES P. BABBITT,

lO Hodges' Ave.. Taunton, IVIass.

THE OOIX)GIST.

72a (113).

Advertising In the Oolooist pays as I know by
experience. H. C, Tarboro, N. C.

My exchange notice In the Oologist was satis-
factory. I received over 87 letters and have made
a good many exchanges. W. F. D., Minneapolis,
Minn.

I can not praise the Oologist too highly. Ex-
chanee notices in Its columns have always re-
ceived replies far beyond my most anxious hopes.
Received over .'ioo letters In response to my ad. In
Oologist two years ago while publishing "The
Loon." T. Surber, White Sulphur Springs, W.
Va.

125 SPECIES Marine shells, 75 species Cre-
taceous fossil shells, minerals, polished agates,
corals, antelope horns, for marine shells, publi-
cations on Couchology, Webster's Unabridged
Dictionary, Century or Leslie's Popular Month-
ly. Send lists. HOMER SQUYER, Mingus-
ville, Mont.

Last August ('90) I had an exchange notice in
the Oologist and from it I received over 150 let-
ters and I exchanged about $125 worth of speci-
mens, and all it cost was 33c, 1 ran out of speci-
mens before I had answered one-half of the let-
ters. 1 also had a n»tlce put In a recent number.
The January number reached me the 9th and
now I have received 20 replies and sometimes I
get 8 letters in one mall. I am positive I will re
celve over 125 letters in reply to this last notice.
Of coui-se the last number nas not yet passed the
Rocky Mountains, 20 letters in four days lor a
beginning. Shortly shall expect to receive that
many in a single day. For a collector there is
not Ing better than to have an adv. or exchange
notice In the Oologist. It is a boon for collectors
and to say it pays big Is to say it but very mild-
ly. VV. E. Snyder, Beaver Dam. Wis-

NEW STOCK Of "Cones' Key" Just received,
price IT.oO; U0S8'8"Blrds of Kansas" $6.00; Miller's
"N. A. Oeology and Palaeontology" $5.n<J: Ilorna-
day's Taxidermy $250; Jordan's "Manual of
Vertebrates" $3; Davle's"Nests & Eggs" .$1.75;
Lewis' "American Sportsman" $2,50; Langllle's
•■Our Birds in their Haunts" $2.50, Send order
at once. V. H. LATTIN & CO,, 3571 Cottage
Grove Ave., Chicago.

BIRD LIFE Illustrated. The Nidiologist is re-
cognized by all as a superbly Illustrated monthly
magazine of ornithology and oology. February
number contains "Notes on the Hornbllls" by Dr.
Shuleldt, with page half-tone of birds and nest;
"Bird-nesting in Canada" by Walter Ralne, with
two large half tones, Illustrating nests and eggs
of twelve species of ducks: Portrait of Dr. Shu-
feldt; "Discovery of Nest and Eggs of Wilson's
and Leconte's Sparrow," etc Sample copy sent
for 10 cents, subscription $1 per year. H. R,
TAYLOR, Editor and Publisher, Alameda, Cal,

WANTED.— To exchange flrst-class eggs for
same this coming season. Collectors of other
localities kindly WTite stating your wants. OR-
LANDO SHEPPARD, JR., Edgefield C H..S.C.

TO EXCHANGE.— Old U. S. cents, for taxid-
ermists' and oologlsts tools. Also a 32 cal. re-
volver toward Coues' Key. Write for descrip-
tion. P. A. MULTER, Ashford, N. Y.

PHOTOGRAPHS Wanted.— Photos of the
Anhinga from life or fine mounted specimens.
Will pay cash or give good exchange. F. M.
RICHARDS, Farmington, Maine.

WANTED.— Orders for birds In the meat or
fresh skins. Can furnish 20 kinds of Ducks,
etc.. etc. Send stamp for list. W. R. BROWN,
MUton, Wis.

BIRDS wanted. Must be young and sound.
State what you have with price. Will exchange-
for printing or pay cash. Address, A. J.
SMITH. 72 Exchange St., Rochester, N. Y.

FOR SALE.— One pair Beagle Hounds.
Thoroughly broken, that can't be beat in the
country trailing a rabbit, and two pairs B. B.
R. Game Fowls. L. S. FRENCH, Mathews, C.
H. Va.

POP CORN.— Rice, the best Popping Variety,
crop of '92 shelled. By freight or Express at
purchaser's expense; 6c. per lb. In lots of 50 ■
lbs. or over, 5c. Only about 800 lbs. left. F. O.
B. and no charge for sacks. Will exehange for
desirable eggs in sets, specimens, or books on
Natural History. FRANK H. LATTIN, Al-
bion, N. Y.

AN OPPORTUNITY. -I expect 80 spend the
summer months In special work In Zoology and
Botany, and could arrange to furnish duplicates
01 plants, bird skins and eggs, batrachlans, ser-
pents ana Insects, Including pupas and Inflated
larv£E. Anyone desiring to arrange for a series
of any of the above by purchase or exchange may
address WILLIAM OSBORN, 98 Maple St., Nash-
ville, Tenn.

WANTED.— ./an?^arj/. July and August num-
bers of Goldthwaite's Geographical Magazine
of the year 1891. Will exchange insects or val-
uable books on Natural Science for same or
purchase at a good price. All letters answered
PAUL VANDEREIKE, St. Croix Falls, Wis.

SET of Three Note Books In Case each con-
tains 72 pages, bound in flexible cloth and set
comes in a nice colored cloth covered case.
Will send the set prepaid for only 8 cts. F. H.
LATTIN & CO.. Aflbion, N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE.— Eggs in sets and singles
of this locality for those of other localities. V.
W. OWEN, P. O. Box, 77-1, Los Angeles. Calif. .

OOLOGISTS WANTED.— We want at once.
copies of the Oojxjgist as follows : July-Aug-
ust, 1886: January-February, 1887 or Dec, 1886,
with the former a^/acAiorf; June. 1888. We also
desire copies of our old 188.5^"OoIvOGist's Hand-
book." For each and every copy of the above
publications mailed us not later than April
15, 18&4. we will give 12'4c worth of anything we
advertise or offer for sale or will send credit
check good for the amount. We will also allow
7>^c each for the foUowing'numbers.viz:— June-
Sept., 1887; April, 1889; March, 1890; August,
1890; May, 1892; February, i893; March, 1893. All
must be complete, clean and in good condition.
Address a'^once. F. H LATTIN & CO., Albion,
N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE. Strictly first-class sets
with original nests of New England birds, for
same, during the coming season. Many com-
mon kinds wanted. HENRY R. BUCK. Shef-
field Scientific School, New Haven, Conn.

FOR EXCHANGE.— Large number of mount-
ed Birds and Animals. Want fresh skins or
Birds in the meat. WM. MICHELFELDER.
Taxidermist, Elizabeth, N. J.

LOOK! T>OOKl A Fancy pair of Calipers
(2'4 in.) only 20 cts. Scalpels 40 cts. each. Long
handled Brain Snoon 25 cts. CHAS. G. COL-
LINS, Rox 431, Garden City, Kas.

CAPEN'S OOLOGY of New England. The
edition of this raagniflcient work is exhausted,
we have only one copy left. Price $1,5. If you
want it speak quick. F. H. LATTIN & CO., Al-
bion, N. Y.

':72b (114) THE OOLOGIST.

--vc.«_,-»

SYSTEMATIC COLLECTIONS.

With unusual facilities for securing educational materials, it is
proposed to take the lead in furnishing systematic collections for
teaching MINERALOGY, GEOLOGY, and ZOOLOGY in Schools
and Colleges. Individual Specimens also furnished. Catalogue sent
on receipt of 6 cts. in postage stamps.

RELIEF MAPS AND MODELS.

Special attention given to Relief Maps. Send for circular describ-
ing Grand Canon, Yosemite Valley, Yellowstone National Park,
Mt. Shasta, Mt. Vesuvius, Kentucky, Massachusetts, New Jersey,
Etc., Etc. Also model of the whole United States, with adjoining-
ocean bottoms, modeled on correct ciirvitiire. . Many of these made
especially for Schools. New Relief Map of Palestine, Modeled for
the Palestine Exploration Fund, now ready.

LANTERN SLIDES.

Series of Lantern Slides for class illustration in Geology, Physical
Geography, Etc.

^METEORITES.

A good price paid for meteorites of all kinds. New and unde-
scribed ones especially desired. An extra price paid for the entire
"find" or "fall". Meteorites also cut, polished and etched.

WASHINGTON SCHOOL COLLECTIONS*.

These collections, decided upon after numerous conferences with
teachers and experts connected with the U. S. Geological Survey
and U. S. National Museum, have just been introduced into the
schools of Washington, and will be known as the Washington School
Collections. It is safe to say that no collections of equal excellence
have ever before been offered in this country at so low a price
($2 each). Send for circulars.

EDWIN E. HOWELL, 612 17th St. N. W, WasWngton, D. C.

THE OOLOGISr.

72c {11§)

Testimonials Wanted.

We want YOU for an 1894 subscriber
^o the OoLOGiST. We also want you to
show this month's Oologist to any
friend who is now a non-subscriber,
whom you think our little monthly
might interest. This issue is an unus-
ual one, from at least an advertising
standpoint — our regular monthly edi-
tions contain an equal amount of read-
ing matter but only from 8 to 16 pages
of advertisments. The quality, tiuish
and weight of paper used in our regular
edition is much better than that used in
the"Sample Copy"numbers this month.

We know the Oologist is of value to
the class for whom it is intended, and
we also believe it to be of value to j'ou.

Many of the leading and all of the
coming ornithologists of America are
on our subscription books.

Since Jan. 1st '94 we have paid over
$30 for back numbers of the Oologist
in order to supply the demand for the
same, and we still want more and are
making liberal offers for the same in
this Oologist.

Testimonials are always appreciated
by a publisher and we have been pleas-
ed in this manner thousands of times,
. and could if space permitted fill every
■page in this month's edition with gems
iii this line of the first magnitude, but
we have been receiving a class of testi-
monials that both please the mind and
enlarge the pocket-book — testimonials
of this character are always sure to
touch the heart of the most hardened
publisher.

Here are few samples, which we con-
sider models, that have materialized
during the short month of February.
The first three from Mr. Wm. Brewster
of Cambridge, Mass., who is recognized
the world over as the leading autnority
on North American Birds and whose
opinion today carries greater weight in
the making and unmaking of species
and varieties to the recognized Ameri-
can avian fauna than that of any other
living person:

"I wish to obtain two sets of the Oologist
from the begining. If yoii can supply them
please name price. If you cannot supply them
do you think an advertisement in your columns
would meet with success? Dec. 4, 1893."

'•I shall be glad to take the two sets of Golg-

• GIST @ $4.U() each, but they must be comiilettd

before I shall be willing to pay tor them. You

can take several months to hunt up the missing

numbers if necessary. Dec. 7, 1S9.S."

"I have just received from you the sets of
Oologist and enclose $8.00 by cheque in pay-
ment for the same. Feb. 11, 18W."

The following is from Dr. L.B. Bishop
of New Haven, Conn., who is making a
special study of albinism and unusual
coloration in eggs:

"Please send me N(*'s 1 to 98 of the Young
Oologist and Oologist as advertised in the
February Oologist. I send with this money
order for $4..W as payment."

And the last which Ave have space to
give came just as we were going to
press as an accompaniment to a re-
newal of subscription and is from Mr.
M. M. Coon, the well known taxider-
mist of Jefferson, Ohio:

"I would not attempt to do business without
the Oologist."

READER. We want and expect a
testimonal from you— not necessarily
as weighty an one as from Mr. Brewster
or Dr. Bis'hop nor as ffattering as from
Mr. Coon, but in the few and feeble
words of the writer of this page the fol-
lowing would be both pleasing and suffi-
cient:

"Enclosed find ."iO cts. for which please send
me the Oologist tor 1894."

To this attach your name and address
in full and enclose— with the necessary
50 cts. in stamps, postal note, express
or P. O. money order— in a stnmg en-
velope, seal well and address carelully
to the Publishers of the Oologist, Albi-
on, Orleans Co., N. Y. We remain, as
ever, most faithfully yours,

F. H. Lattin & Co.

The Victor Carpet Stretcher

Advertised on another page, is a good
thing. We are using one.

I have been acquainted with Mr. Mal-
lory the Inventor and Manufacturer for
a number years — he is reliable.

I have an old schoolmate friend who
has sold thousands of these stretchers,
during the past few years and has made
big money thereby.

Faithfully, FRANK H. LATTIN.

^A/e have a large Premium
List of NOVELTIES, which
we give for securing New sub-
scribers for the OOLOGIST.
A copy will be mailed you for
stamp. Address, Publishers of
he OOLOGIST, Albion, N. Y.

72d (116)

THE OOLOGIST.

Our Artistic Bird and Game Pieces.

Our exhibit of Forty Bird pieces at the World's Fair created quite a furore. Air
were suitably framed and covered with the pateut Oval Convex Glass Shades
with flat corners, hermetically sealed — making them absolutely air tight, dust and
moth proof — and will last a life time. All of the "live" pieces were with painted
backs made to represent as nearlj' as possible the natui'al habitation of the birds.
The birds mounted, standing as in life, on natural rocks, stumps or ledges. Our
Hanging Dead Game pieces had either plush or natural wood backgrounds. The
value of the pieces exhibited ranged from $18 to $100 each. The Trout piece
(illustrated above) was a very popular one. The trout itself was a 3| pounder
and when mounted in this manner makes an elegant piece, suitable for any place
and admired alike by all whether a disciple of Izaak Walton or not. It is perhaps
needless to add that the latter class fairly raved over the sample piece in our ex-
hibit and many could not leave without placing their order for a duplicate.
In a review of the "Ornithology of the World's Fair" one of the editors of The
Auk — the high-toned American Journal of Ornithology — says that from an artistic
or taxidermic standpoint the exhibit of "panels of game-birds shown by F. H. Lat-
tin & Co. are probably the best."

We have a special catalogue of our work iu this line and if you are at all inte-
rested wouUl be onlj- too glad to mail you a copy.

Address, F. H. LATTIN & CO.,

Albion, N. Y. or 3571 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, Ills.

Should any of any #iir patrons desire to purchase within the next 30 days, we
will make tliem a special price on any piece we may have ia stock at our Chicago
House.

THE OOLOCilST. 72e (117

BUREAU OF NATURAL HISTORY.

ESTABLISHED ISTe-

SOUTHWICK S CRITCHLEY.

354 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I., U. S. A.
DEALERS IN

Skins, Eggs, Minerals, Shells, •

Naturalists' Supplies and Publications.

We solicit your orders in Taxiderrriy,
promising the best Methods, and
finest results, on museum work
or trophies of hunting, from
either dry skins, or fresh spec-
imens.

72f (118) THE OOLOGiST.

A Mineralogical Dialogue.

YOUXG illXERALOGIST. Pa. the boys say the times are harder tham
they have been since 1837, is that so?

FATHER. Yes. my son that is very true.

Y. M. Well then why is it that English & Co. have sold more minerals in the
first two months of the year than they ever sold before in three months?

FATHER. I'm glad you"ve mentioned that house, for I've known their excel-
lent methods ever since they begun business many years ago. I think their-
great success in these hard times is largely due to their good judgment in
adding to their stock so many specimens of such an attractive character that
minei'alogists could not resist the temptation to buy them.

Y. M. They certainly have a magnificent stock. Pa, for I was in there the other
day and spent the $10 I got for Christmas and you know I went to three
other mineral stores in other cities and didn't see anything I wanted unless
the price was way up in G.

FATHER. Their low prices are no doubt another reason why this house has
drawn so much trade. Then, too, while it has been their rule for years not
to allow any discounts, they have recently offered a 10 per cent, discount
to every one ordering of them prior to April 1st. What specimens did you
buy ?

Y. M. I got the most beautiful crystal of Sulphur I ever saw, for 50 cents; an
elegant, large piece of Rubellite in Lepidolite for $1.00: a brilliant group of
Vanadinite crystals for only 25 cents; a sharp twin crystal of Orthoclase for
25 cents: splendid specimens of Azurite. Malachife, Descloizite, Garnet, Or-
piment and Valencianite for 50 cents each: a superb group of Calcite crys-
tals for $1.00: a bright black group of Sphalerite crystals for 50 cents: a
Jovely Calcite twin for $1.50: a gorgeous little piece of Australian Opal with
a tine play of colors for 25 cents: a beautiful group of crystals of Fluorite for
$1.25:a bright red banded Agate for 75 cents: a most curious group of Pyrite
crystals for 35 cents and nice loose crystals of Selenite, Quartz, Dysanalyte,
Hematite and Pink Garnet for 10 cents each.

FATHER. That is certainly a fine lot! I see you have brought me a copy of
their new Spring Bulletin.

Y. M. Yes, they gave me that for nothing. I must be off now. Pa to see the
specimens Tom got vesterdav. He agrees with me that there is no place for
minerals like Geo. L. Englisti & Co. 64 E. 12th St.. New York City.

Shell Collection

Consisting of 10,000 Species. 50,000 Specimens, to which we can add 50,000

Duplicates. A rare opportunity for a School, College, Museum, or

any Person or Institution interested in Conchology to

secure one of the finest collections in America at

A BARGAIN.

For further particulars address,

F. H. Lattin & Co., Albion, N. Y.

THE OOLOGIST. 72g (119).

DTTCTUUCC rilDJXrrT' To any one who would like to start in the
DUuIIiIJUL) llllnllUn. >^alural History Business, we will sell our
u\JVJXl.^±JKJKJ vxxiAXivu. entire stock at the Chicago Branch at a
bargain. It has taken a long time to get together this large assortment ol speci-
mens in almost every department of Natural Science, and we doubt if any of our
readers could 'ret together as varied and vaiua )le a collection in five years of
hard work and a small fortune, combined. This is a chance of a lifetime.' Write
us at once to either of the following addresses, if yoc meax business.

F. H. LATTIX & CO.. Albion, N. Y. or 3571 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, lU.

bmUo tbbo! "Easter Offer"

Or Sale of Surplus Eggs at "wav down" prices, will begin MARCH 20 and last

30 DAYS ONLY.

IF INTERESTED, SEND STAMP FOR LIST.

r. Jl. JLiAlJ-iiN Ol LU., 3571 cottage crove Ave.. Chicago.

Key to North American Birds.

FOURTH REVISED EDITION .

By Elliott Coues. M. A., M. D., Ph. D. Contains a concise account of every
species of living and fossil bird at present known on the continent north of the
boundary line between Mexico and the United States, including Greenland. Fourth
edition, revised to dale. With which are incorporated General Ornithology, and
outline of the structure and classification of birds, and Field Ornithology, a man-
ual of collecting, preparing and preserving birds.

The new edition presents the nomenclature of the American Ornithologist's Union,
in the most convenient form for comparison with that oj other editions. Illustrated.

Coues' "Key" is too well known as a leading and authoritative treatise to need
commendation, it being the standard work of reference for professional ornitholo-
gists as well as for students and amateurs. The latest and most exhaustive
American Ornithology. Indispensable to every sportsman, amateur and work-
ing •mil hologist.

1 vol., royal octavo, vellum cloth. Yrice prepaid onlv $7.50

F- H. LATTIN & CO., ALBION, N. T.

Choice Eeers of the

&&

South African Ostrich

ONlAYSOcts.

SENT PREPAID FOR 30 CENTS ADDITIONAL.

F. H. LATTIX & CO .
ALBION, N. y.; or, 3,071 COTTAGE GROVE AVE.. CHICAGO. ILLS.

■:72h (120)

THE OOIiOGIST.

A.Simian Family Admiring the OOLOGIST'S "Magic City." (See Page 105.)

THE OOIA)GI8'1.

73

WARD'S

Natural Science
Establishment

Cable Address/^Cosmos." Rochester, N. Y.

Systematic Cabinets of Mineralogy, Geology and Zoology are made for Acnde-
mies, Colleges and Universities. Especial attention is given to this department,
and estimates and plans are furnished; we also offer individual specimens in each
department.

The stock of Natural Science material now on hand is unquestionably far great-
er in the aggregate than at any similiar Institution in the World. Correspon-
dents and special collectors in all parts of the world are sending us material every
week, giving a constant supply of Minerals, Rocks, Fossils, Casts of Fossils, Skins
and Skeletons of Animals of all classes (mounted or unmounted), Alcoholic Speci-
mens, Crustaceans, Shells, Echinoderms, Corals, Sponges, etc., etc. Also Ana-
tomical preparations, Human Anatomy, Skulls and Skeletons of American Indians
and other races.

CATALOGUES-

^"These Catalogues are not mere price-lists, but contain much interesting mat-
ter, and as they are intended to be free to our clients, the money paid for them
will be credited on the first order. To teachers expressing an intent soon to pur-
chase specimens, they will be sent gratis.

Minerals, According to Dana's New System 25c.

Special Collection of Minerals, 45 pages 10c.

Meteorites. 80 pages; 24 illustrations 25c

Geology and Petrology 25c.

Special Lithological Collection, 25 pages 10c.

Collection of New York State Rocks, 44 pages 25c.

College Collection of Palaeontology, 208 pages; 265 wood cuts 50c.

Aacademy Collection oe Pal^:ontology, 160 pages; 188 wood cuts 35c.

School Series of Casts. 60 pages; 68 wood cuts 20c.

Casts of Dinornis and Hesperornis, (Marsh), 30 pages; illustrated 10c.

Description of Restoration of Mammoth, 42 pages 15c.

Notice of Mkgathekium Cuvreri, 34 pages; illustrated 50c.

Osteology. 76 ))ages 25c.

Skins ani> Mounted Specimens. 170 pages 30c.

North American avd Foreign Birds' Eggs, 32 pages 10c.

Shells, 120 pngc-;; 86 wood cuts 30c. .

EcHiNODEims. Corals. GoR<iONiAS and Sponges, 84 pages; 54 illus 25c.

Human Skelet(>nsand Anatomical Preparations, 46 pages; 24 cuts 15c.

Masks of t aces of South Sea Islanders, 16 pages 15c.

Heads and Horns (Custom Work in Taxidermy), 20 pages, finely illus 10c.

Minerals. Rocks, Meteorites, Fossils, Casts of Fossils, Geological Relief Maps, .

Models, and Diagrams, and Archieological Specimens. Skins and Skeletons

of Animals, Invertebrates (Crustaceans, Shells, Corals, etc.). Anatomical

Models, Human Skeletons, Skulls an<l Skeletons of Races, etc.

Write for Circulars giving informa:ion about collections.

74

THE OOLOGIST.

BARGAINS.

T'ae following are samples of the "Bargains" at our Clilcago Brancli Store. Ratlier than Incur
the heavy expense of shipping back East to our Headquarters, we are offering special rates In every
■department. A trial order will convince you that we are giving big value for money Invested.

BIRDS EGGb.

Texas Sparrow $ 25

< ^hachalaca M

White crowned Pigeon m

American uoot 06

American Herring Gull 16

Common Tern ()5

Bridled Tern. '. go

Ainejcicaa Merganser $ SO

jVmerican (jolaeaeyB; 1 85

BUrj- wing Teal -OO

(ireen-wlug Teal mi

Old squaw 1-'>

Sooty Tern is

Texas 'I'hrasher 20

curve-bill Thrasher lu

Florida Blue Jay 15

House Finch 03

American Gold linch on

Ked-.wlug Blackbird 02

BIRD SKINS.

Gad wall T5

Shoveller.... 75

Bufflehead l no

Baldpate T.j

Caltioruia (^uail , . so

Trlcolored Blackbird ....:... 10 •

California Towhee 06

Brown Thrasher 02

Blaciccrowned Night Heron OS

American White Pelican 25

Wood Ibis 75

Mexican Crested T'lycatcher 15
Entire Lot for $3.50.

Scaled Partridge 75

Snow Bunting 25

Gray-crowneu Leucostlcte . . l oo

Entire Lot for $8.

SHELLS, FINE AND SHOWY.

White Murex $25

Hooked scorpion 25

Ited spider.. •^A

Turk's i.'ap -iS

Tiger Cowry 1 >

Ha'p 25

Japanese KOiirna lo

Oa.nuo 25

Spider 3 5

Magpie, polished 2)

Lettered Coce, best •'•0

Mitre ~'u

Ro.=ie Coral $ lO

Mushroom Coral 25

PuiUipiue Cracker coral 2O

Eye coral 25

Bud Coral 25

Propeller coral 15

Malachite, Ariz f 25

Azurlte " 5J

Prehnite 2 >

Iron Crysfals 2)

S nlphur Crystals 25

Pyrites •• y5

Calcite ." 25

Fluoi- " 2.)

Agatized Wood X5

Petnned ■• .. 25

Silluitied •• 2j

Pentremites I 10

Trilobites 2.

Trigouocarpus N uts 25

Exog^ras 10

iiryphea 10

Fos-il screws us

Axes $ ■ 5 to $4 01)

Celts •.... 25 to 1 5J

Scrapers 25 to too

Hammerstones 5'i

Hoes 2 5(1

Banner stone 4 uo

Stariish, Atlantic $ 10

PaciHc 25

" Mexlc^,n j J'fto

West Indies, large ..J,., so

Urchins, Atlantic 25

Maminotli, Pacltlc 4i
Ssa, Biscuit 50

Gi eeu Goldmouth 15

Mourning cowry 25

Cuban 'free Snail 15

Pelican boot 05

Money Cowry 03

Caun Cowry o3

Gnawed Cowry — 03

Lynx towry 03

siiake-hedd Cowry 03

spotted ( owry 1'-

Surew Shell 05

Pearl Trojus 25

CORALS,

Head Coral ro

Piuk Coral 2.)

Ked Coral 25

Vel OiV Coral vS

Oiaganpipe Coral 2.

El. Branch coral 25

MINERALS.

Polished.Agate 1 00

Malachite 25

" Labradorl;e ^'O

Uil.>X 25

iVIarble -5

Graphite . 2.

Serpent ine 25

Hematite ^15

KubeUlte ro

Satin Spar i:5

Pink Gai nets 25

FOSSILS.

Fossil Sea Urchins 15

sharks Teeth 15

scaphites 15

lnoceiamus 20

.Naur.iUis Drikavl 75

Inner voiuti 3ns 20

INDIAN RELICS.

Agricultural Implements ..2 Oo

Spears : 5o

Knives 75

P-.-lles 1 00

Discoidal Stone 1 uo

Pipe 2 00

CURIOS.

Sand Dollar 05

Acorn Barnacle 10

Sea Horse 25

Hammerhead shark's Egg.'. 15

Alligator Teeth ■..; lO

Mver Heans 10

Beetle Nuts of-*>.,-.>. In

sun Shell 65

Quoit .-hell.. 10

Philippine Green Snail 15

Philippme Helix is

I'eauat shell.. 03

CUamas 15

Banded snail 15

Mammotn German SnaU 20

Chautauqua Shell Collection

33 named species 2 00

Box Of tine Mixed Shells 25

Entire Lot for $6.

W. I. Branch Coral 2n

star Coral 25

Honey comb Coral 25

Precious coral 25

Entire Lot for $3.

Chalcedony 25

Kose Ciuaitz 25

Polished Anietliyst 2o

Moss Agate 15

Blooastone 15

Croeldolite 15

Pudding stone 15

Ores, assorted lo

5J all different Uitmed 1 in,

minerals 75

Entire Lot for $7.

Pavositps Goldlussi 30

Fo.ssH Coral 30

Lingula Saudsione 20

CriULildal Limestone 20

Entire Lot for $2.50,

.Arrow Heads, Extra 35

( ommon .... 20

Poor 10

Cheap, dozen 40

Bird Points 50

Entire Lot for $i5.

Coffee Beans....-.- 10

Brown Banded Sea Beans.. 10

(ira.y- sea Beans ;.. 05

Ivory Apples 25

Marine A%fea on cards 4x6 15

Entire Lot for $3.

THE OOLOGIST

75

OOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS.

"Blowers ....$ 20

Drills, No. 0 15

No. 1 25

No. 3 50

No. 5 1 00

Embyro isclssors, best 75

Embyro Books 15

Embyro Handle dnd 3 hooks 75

TAXIDERMIST S INSTRUMENTS.

Scalpels.,.; $ ."in

Scissors — 40

Brain Spoou 20

Tweezers 51)

Cartilage Knlte .50

Labels per 100 15

Taxidermist outfit, No. l la case 2 00

No. 3, best ..5 00

BOTANIST'S SUPPLIES.

Collectllig cans $1 50 Labels, per 100 25

•' small 100 Plant Presses, bestmade 250

Microscopes 50

ENTOMOLOGIST'S SUPPLIES.

Killing Cars |l 00 Collecting Cans l GO

Pins, per XOO 15 Disinfecting Cones, per doz 15

•' loOi) 1 3i

Everything Listed Above and on Preceding Page for Only $75.

Small orders under 50c. must contain 5c. to cover mailing expenses.
Address all orders to

F. H. LATTIN & CO.,

3571 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, 111.

KpYRINf? Instantly fastens any
'-'- ''^"^" cjoor securely. Travel-
ing men want tbem.

— ^ ff*-!:^^:^^^ AGENTS WANTED.
1 rJ^^mSjVC. .™.-n Big Commission.
iS^DOOn SECURER- ^ send 25 cents.

F. W- COVEL, 437 Main Street, Rockland, Maine,

ilreToa in^ereshed in Ooloy?
ilre yoa a Shmp Collector?

If so, you are the one we want to talk
to. We publish the l)e.st Philatelic Pa-
per in the Northwest and we want yon

to sec a copy of it. Now

Just for the fun of it

Send us an unused lO cent Colum-
bian Stamp and we will send the

MINNESOTA PHILATELIST

to you foi- 6 months, but you must be
sure and mention where you saw this.
This is a paper published by a stock
company, and is bound to lie "the
Best" "in the land. Shares $1.00 each.
Can you not invest One Dobar? We
will piil)lish all articles on Oology free
of charge.

Remember the Name.

THE MINNESOTA PHILATELIST,
724 So. 5th St., Minneapolis, Minn.

"Have spent the day most hap-
pily 'Klipping' iny paraphl&ts."
—Prof. W. W. Bailey, Brown
University.

Samples, with keys, postpaid,
75c. Covers to order. Agents
wanted . Price-list free .

The KLIP is the Best Binder.
H. H. Ballard, 162, Pittsfield, Mass.

EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND BOOKS

Wm. C. Winslow, Ph. D., Sc. D., L,L. D.
Honorary Secretary.

Ancient Ai-chitecture, Scriptures, Sciences;
Hellenic Art and Greelv Epigraphy; Anthro-
pology and Ethnology; Nuniismatics, Meas-
ures and Weights; Bird, Animal and Piscatori-
cal life as illustrated on the monuments and in
the tombs ; Geography and Topography; Bib-
lical Exploration and Sites; The ilyksos
or Shepherd Kings; Hieroglyphic Work and
Results; Mound Excavations; Methods of
Scientific Exploration ; Pliotography and Re-
cording of Inscriptions; Dealings with the
Natives and Chiefs; Splendid Embellishments
of Photographs, Photo-lithographic Views and
Plates;— these constitute the substance or
features of the Quartos issued by the Society,
which are of value and interest to the scholar
and intelligent general reader. The Annual
Subscriber of !K>.CX) secures the yeai"'s Qiiarfo
Archaeological Keport and Annual Report. All
subscriptions are acknowledged in Bibi.ia,
Merlden. Conn , the montlily magazine devot-
ed to Archtcological and Oriental Research.

For Circulars of the Books, the past and
present work of the Society, and the;"Arch8e-
ological Survey of Egypt," address •

Rev. W. Cb Winslow,

525 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.

When answering advertisements
always mention the "OOLOGIST."

76

THE OOLOGJST

ThO PQPiflV PnQQt ^^ aregion full
lllC rdiOllll uUd/Ol of birds and

wild animal life. It you want to com-
pile a scrap-book on the subject of Pa-
cific Birds or Animals, write us for col-
lection of newspaper articles on the sub-
ject. PRESS CLIPPING BUREAU,
Box 2329. San Francisco, Cal.

Silk

Worm Eggs
for Silk Culture.

We make a specialty of rearing Silk Worm
Rggs for Silk Culturists. INDIAN. JAPAN-
ESE, CHINESE, EUROPEAN & AMERICAN
species. Full instructions given, how to raise
the worms successfully and profitably. Satis-
faction guaranteed . We sell many thousands
every season, especially in the Southern and
Western States . Send 5 cents in stamps for
list, etc. Address,

PROF. CARL BRAUN,

NATURALIST.

BANGOR, MAINE.

BIRDS

t^" Send for Price List.
TONQUILL A. a Condition
Powder for Birds.— Posi-
tively restores song.— 12c
in stamps. Address
COLUMBIAN BIRD STORE,

3711 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago.

Japanese Fan Tail Gold Fish.

Finest Varieties, mixed, one year old, $3.00 per
dozen; largest size, $6.00 per dozen, including
shipping can. Now Is the best season to ship.
CASH WITH ORDER. Send 2 ct. stamp tor
Illustrated catalogue.

EDW. S SCHMID.

712 12th Street, Washington, D. C.

lily II) cents (regular pi.ce
iits. I your name, if le-
ceivtil wi'.liiu next 30
il lys, will be boldly
l.iinted (Ml gummed
piper, anil from Pub-
li.sliers. Manufactur-
ers and others, j'ou
will receive hundreds
probably thousands,
of valuable Books,
Samples, I'apers, Maga-
-!s, etc. All free and
e- '^ parcel with one of
J. .r boldly printed ad.
,XTRA! We will also
print and prepay postage on 500 of your gummed
addresses to you, tor your personal use : which are
valuable to stick on your envelopes, books, etc., to
pyeveiit their being lost. Rkidsville, N.C., Dec.fi.
l»y|. I)i-:ak Siks— My.500adUressesreoeive<l. From
my 25 cent address in your Lightning Directory I
have received over .?,000 parcels of mail. My
.\ 'Idresses you scattered among puhlishers.manufac-
t rs.etc.'are arriving dailv. on valuable parcels of
< ,1, ^-oui all parts of the World. .1 .A. \VaRK
THE LIGHTNNG DIRECTORY C

Department No. 171, Philadelphia ,Pa.

d.e^iaes I

JjTyou are interested

in any branch of Natural -Science or irt
Curiosities, send stamp for a copy of
my Monthly Bargain Lists,.

wliich contain many Bargains that it
may be to your advantage to know.

Advanced ColIect<irs, Schools,
Colleges and Museums

supplied with specimens at Aery reas-
onable rates.

F. G. HILLMAN.

-^'DEALER IN-^-

Archaelogical and Geological

Specimens, Minerals, Shells^

Marine Curios, Stamps,

Coins & Specimens*

for Collectors in

all branches^

NEW BEDFORD. MASS.

The KLIP has the GRIP.

Suap on a Klip and bind your
papers in a second.

Trial dozen, 75c. Covers to
order. Price-list tree. Agents
Wanted,

H.H.BALLARD,

162, Pittsfield, Mass.

A New Lot

.Just Recieved.

Of Azurites, Cuprites, Malachites (Geode
form, velvet center, rare) Stalactites,
Rubelite, Sulpher Crystals, Iron Crys-
tals, Calcites, many forms, etc., etc.

Lots sent on approval to reliable par-
ties, schools, etc. Send for list with
prices, or order the priced specimens of
above you desire and we will send on
receipt. Address,

F. H. LATTIN & CO.,
3571 Cottage Grove Avenue,

CHICAGO, ILLS.

When answering advertisements
always mention the "OOLOGIST."

THE OOLOGIST.

77

to shoot a Rifle, Pistol, or Shot Gun ? If so, we think we have some-
thing that will please you ; The Ideal Hand-Book of useful information to
Shooters. It contains 70 pages of knowledge gained through twenty-five
years' experience with Arms and Ammunition. Send stamps for postage.
We wish to interest you, entertain you, save you ^^, and make an honest
aime ourselves. Can we do it ? Address :
IDEAL MANUFACTURING CO., Drawer 86 New Haven, Conn., U.S.A.

PLEASE MENTION OOLOGIST.

JAPANESE SHELLS

For Sale or Exchange most of over
■900 species, personal collection, printed
catalogue on application. The rare
species.

Fiisua pagoda Lees.

Turcica argentsoni'ens Lisch.

Nassaria Magnifica Lisch.

Volntharpa Ferryi, Jay.

And others, prices on application.

Showy and rare species in Peclen,
Rapana, Triton, Fusus, Fbarna, Can-
cellaria, Cassis, Dolium, Turbo, Um-
bomim, Baliotis, Tellinn. Oomphina,
Cytheria, Tapes, Vnio, Puma, etc.
Address,

Frederick Stearns, (Personal)

Detroit, Mich.. U, S. A.

Herkimer County Crystals

My stock of those Bril-
iliant Gems i.s the largest &
'finest ever offered for sale.
Lowest living prices. Ex-
hibit atWorld'sFair receiv-
ed Highest Award. Write
today for new price list containing illustration
of this beautiful exhibit. A . B . C R I M ,

Middle ville, Herkimer Co.. N. Y.

SNAP A KLIP

on your papers and get a
handsome bound VoL

Trial dozen, 7.=)c. Agents
wanted. Price-list free.

H. H. BALLARD,

16-^. PITTSFIELU, MASS.

When answering advertisements
always mention the "OOLOGIST."

A book no Collecter of either Eggs or
Birds can afford to be without;

Pocket Key of the Birds of the
Northern United States
East of the Rocky Mts.

It chacacterizes by the easiest and plainest
external features, and in the simplest language
the 4U0 species of birds found in the region.
The few technical terms used are defined in a
short glossary at the end of the book. The
scientlffc names are according to the lists of the
American Ornithologist's Union and are all
marked to indicate the pronounciation. Very
favorable notices have appeared in "The Auk,"
"The Observer," and other journals.

64 pp. Flexible ^r\r*

cloth binding, Ov/^«

Shell Collectors of the Atlantic
Coast should have:

Mollusks of the Atlantic

Coast South to Cape

Hatteras.

It is the most recent work on these shells, and
includes Keys and descriptions of all ttie spe-
cies. The plates, of 66 figures, and the glossary
make the manual complete for field use.

100 pp. Cloth, 31.00.

Both of the above can be obtained, postage
paid, for the prices given, by addressing tbe
Author,

AUSTIN C. APCAR,

TRENTON, N. J.

H. H. &C. S. BRIMLEY,

COLLECTORS, RALEIGH, N.C.

First-class Bird and Mammal Skins and Eggs,
Reptiles and Batrachians both alive and in al-
cohol. • Full data. Send stamp for price lists.

78

THE OOLOGIST.

A MOST FORTUNATE
^•fc^PURCHASE^^

of a lar ge shrpment,

three varieties.

South American

1.55

Extrordinary
Low Price of

Postpaid.

White Pantaloon. Maguiflcent
golden-greeii breast and body, peacock
blue fronted head, violet forktail. Reg-
ular price, 40 cents.

Violet Eared. Large sized bird,
most brilliant bronze green breast, olive
bronze body, pale wine colored wings.
Regular price, 50 cents.

Long Tailed. Bronze green body,
bright bronze green breast; tail nearly
seven inches long. Regular price, J^l.

If less than the three skins are or-
dered, the regular price will
be charged.

These Humming Birds are all perfect
and well made skins, magnificently
plumaged, and when mounted on a
branch or in a case with American
Birds, will show off to great advantage.
Orders should be forwarded
promptly — they are too cheap to
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The Oologist.

VOL. XI. NO. 3.

ALBION, N. Y., MARCH, 1894.

Whole No. 101

Nesting Habits of the Brown Pelican in
Florida.

It has been a question with me for
some years whether many birds were
not eiemies to man by reason of their
destruction of certain animals and veg-
etables upon which man depends. I
am aware that the point is now almost
universally taken that in the economy
of nature all creatures are required to
maintain a proper balance. In that ex-
cellent book on the Hawks and Owls
by Dr. Fisher, it is quite conclusively
shown that the large majority of our
rapacious birds ai'e beneficial to man
while there are but very few about
which there still remains any doubt.

However, although the investigations
of scientists have demonstrated that
nearly all birds in the United States are
man's assistants, it has not as yet been
proven to observers that many of the
tish-eating species are beneticial.

Let us take the Brown Pelican as an
example and strike a balance in refer-
ence to its vast destructive powers up-
on the tishes, wherever it is found.
This bird is provided with marvelous
digestive powers and is capable of swal-
lowing a great many fish in a year.

We will suppose that an adult Peli-
can will swallow, or at least destroy
sixteen fish a day, each weighing four
ounces (a low average); we lind that
the allowance reaches one thousand,
four hundred and sixty pouncifs of fish
per year for a single individual , One
colony of Pelicans embracing /5,000
birds would require over 3,600 tons of
fish or way over 7,000,000 pounds, which,
supposing that the same amount could
be marketed at five cents a pound would
amount to $350,000.

These figures, which I doubt not are
:,tDost reasonable, are truly remarkable,

and when we consider that there are
hundreds of these colonies, a few being
much larger, but mostly smaller, in the
Union alone, the calculation is truly
terrific.

On principle it might be well to kill
off these birds which feed almost ex-
clusively on our food-fishes, but we
might with equal propriety advocate
the destruction of the Fish Hawk, King-
fisher and many species of Gulls and
Herons and others well kno\^n.

The Brown Pelican is not commonly
seen north of 35 degrees on the Atlan-
tic coast, and in most localities form-
erly occupied north of 30 degrees, the
birds are now quite scarce, but isolated
rookeries are found south of 28 de-
grees,sonre of which ai'e quite extensive
on the eastern coast of Florida. On
the gulf coast the nests are also foimd,
sometimes in large rookeries.

Not far from Galveston, Texas there
was a factory for the rendering of Peli-
can oil from the bodies of the birds tak-
en near at a celebrated place of resort.
This oil factory was allowed to run un-
molested by the state for several years '
and only shut down when the supply of
birds ran out and the few I'emaining
birds unbutchered left for other quar-
ters.

On one occasion I visited the nesting
place and general resort of a large col-
ony of Pelicans on Indian River, Flor-
ida. Indian River, so-called is not a
stream in any sense of the term but a
salt-water lagoon. Separated from the
Atlantic ocean by a long, low, narrow

THE FRONTISPIECE:— The plCUire or view
shows a group of Pelican nests; some with
eggs others with l)ird« of different sizes One
large one which is in the downy plumage is
seen hissing at the tough looking crowd of
shooters who stand on the shore of the island.
In the background is seen the so-called Indian
River which is covered wiuh Pelicans Ijyt
which the camera failed to show.

"84

THE OOLOGJST

later, when they sit up in the wreck of
a nest and hiss spitefully at the collec-
tor, making stupid lunges with their
loQw, ungainly beaks.

By using care I secured nearly two
hundred fresh eggs for my cabinet and
my collector friends at the north.
These eggs were packed in a big box
with plenty of grass and were about all
one man wanted to carry through the
'long rank grass on the island.

The eggs are white and covered with
■a thick incrustation of lime. After the
eggs have been in the nes.t a few days
thej' become much soiled and in this
way can be told from the fresh eggs.
They may be readily scraped with a
sharp knife and cleaned, but of course
to an accurate oologist this plan is not
preferred, as eggs should be allowed to
remain natural.

There are hundreds of interesting
points on which I would like to sp<^:ib.,
especially on the habits of the old birds
in Hying, fishing aud feeding their
■young, but space forbids more at pres-
ent, although I may give additional
notes if requested.

After shooting a number of specimens
for the collection we ranged along on
the shore and Mr. Henry Young took a
view of tlie party with his camera, with
a foreground of nests, eggs and^'oung.*

Next day I blew all the fresh eggs
and packed them in Spanish moss, and
they arrived at my Michigan home in
perfect condition. I attempted to eat
a Pelican's egg, but the flavor was too
strong for me.

MOKRIS GiBBS.

W. A. Oldlield of Port Sanilac, Mich.,
writes that on the night of Feb. 3d his
store and contents were desti'oyed by
fire. He also lost his bird notes, his ac-
counts with collectors and a portion
of his collection.

* A lialt-tone of this photo is given in this
Oologist.

Evening Grosbeak.

(Coccothraustes vespertina)

Truly this is well naiued a bird of the
night for, though not literally of noc-
tui'nal nature, it is canopied by black-
ness of such ebon hue as might make
Pluto envious or the shades -of Erebus
pale. Here, found in the plumage of
our bird is a most i*emarkable triad of
colors, blending, too, as they do, in
such beauty that, to say nothing of the
beak which can be distinguished almost
as far as the bird itself, it must indeed
be one who cares not for the wonderful
and mysterious in Nature that will pass
this Grosbeak without more than cur-
sory notice.

Prof. Cones sees in this bright avian
being the allegory of diurnal transmi-
tation. I have watched them with
wonder akin to awe, as they congre-
gated in the tree tops at eai'ly morn or
at eventide, with the soft rays of a ris-
ing or declining sun heightening or les-
sening the degree of intensity of their
colors, and can well see wherein he
draws his illustration.

In the adult male the plumage colors
are black, white and yellow, with in-
termediate shades of the same. The
crown, wings, tail and its upper cov-
erts ai'e glossy black. Frons and line
over the eye, rump, under secondaiy
and tail coverts, j'ellovv. Tertiaries
and inner greater wing coverts are
white, forming a broad patch that con-
trasts deeply with its setting of black
and gold,> and is conspicuous either
when the bird is on the wing or resting.
Breast and under parts are yellow-olive,
shading to deeper olive on the throat
aud around neck, and fading into the
yellow of the under tail coverts. Feet,
dark flesh color. Bill, greenish-j'ellow.
Length of both se.xes about the same,
averaging 7.75.

Male aud female dift'er much in
shade of markings, the latter being

THE OOLOGIST.

85.

not so striking in appeai'ance. The
wiiite patch of wings of male is lacking
or imperfect, and the colors in general
are subdued, excepting the white spaces
on inner webs of the primai'ies which
are clear. Underneath brownish, with
faint, irregular traces of yellow.
Young of the year resemble the female.
Both sexes arrive herefrom the North
together, usually in November, and
take their departures in Mai'ch or April,
though a few loiterers may remain later.
Information regarding the nidifica-
tion of this species is veiy meager,there
being but few recorded instances of its
nesting. Its eggs are said to be simihir
to those of the well known Rose-
bre isted Grosbeak, but the evidence is
not altogether c satisfactory. Of this
bird there still remains much to be
learned.

Their food here seems to be the buds
of the Cottonwood [Populus monilifera)
and box-elder {Acer negundo) and in
these two ti-ees they are more often
found than in others, generally peck-
ing at the buds.

They manifest little fear for mankind
and continue to eat uninteruptedly
while the observer stands near them.
My winter notes of a certain date, read:
This morning I saw a lone Evening
Grosbeak in a box-elder near the house.
It seemed not in the least shy of me, as
I walked within a few feet of it and it
hardly hesitated in its work of gather-
ing a breakfast of elder buds. This is
but one of many times that I have not-
iced its rare trustfulness.

They are not common here, a,t least
not very common, but can not be called
rare. This season I have not noted
their presence. The winter of 1890
they visited us in consideral)le numbers
and could be found in their favorite
trees almost any day until late in the
spring. That same winter we read
many notices of their occurrence where
they had not before been observed.
They are erratic and ev^n here in Minn-

esota. whei*e we can expect to see them,
we often pass a winter without noting
their presence. They come and go
without warning. Flocks, two, three
or a single bird will be seen, and per-
haps found for several days in the
same locality, only to vanish suddenly
and be as though they had not been
known.
I well remember my first acquaintance,
made several yeai's ago, with this re-
markable bird. It was in the month of
Februai'y. I was passing near some
trees when a tiock of Evening Gros-
beaks flew over my head, uttei'iug a cry
so like the fall notes of the Robin that,
involuntarily, I paused and looked for
that well kuovvn bird, hardly believing
my ears had deceived me even when I
saw that the Grosbeak was the author
of the sound. In a moment they had
passed from sight, and left me medita-
ting on what I had heard and witnessed.
The momentary Aiew of an unfamil-
iar beiTig of such wonderful and strik-
ing appearance awakened in my mind
a strange train of thought. I stood
lost in wonderment, hoping, fearing,
doubting, yet wishing to believe I be-
held visitors from the mystic land.
Other strange feelings crowded in up-
on me as I tjtood gazing into the dis-
tance where that bright vision had so
lately vanished, which all the moi'e al-
most convinced me I saw something
not of ordinary life. But, not altogeth-
er happil}', I have become familiar
with this shadow}- pilgrim from the
north, and I cease to wonder so much.
But from my first thoughts there must
always liuger around the Evening
Grosbeak a weird ness that will ever
come before me with the form or re-
memberance of this, after all, little
known bird — tit representative of a lit-
tle known region.

A strange quietness broods o'er thy trl-colored

form
When thou comest, a spirit born on wings of^

the storm;

THE O0LO(;:ST.

As boreal spirit, of the Hesperides,

Is thy home far beyond trackless, untraveled
seas?

And do the blasts of the North thus drive you
astray ?

Are thy bright tinted vestments Auroras dis-
play?

"What meaneth the darkness in thy vesture of
gold?

The immaculate setting thy pinions enfold?

0 stay I return not yet to thy far northern

home
'Till thou givest me tidings not found in a
tome;

1 read, "vespertina.'''' thy name, "life little

known."
Mysterious bird, thy guai'ded secrets thy own,
For, weird, silent, and brooding, thou shrouded

remain
In the mystical glamour that palls thy domain,
Just for a brief season and the sun brings the

day
When thou wilt spread thy dark pinions— van-
ish away.

By the time Boreas is nearly ready to
withdraw and let the gentle south wind
unchain rivers and lakes, and loose the
fastenings that the buds may burst
forth on the trees and quietly hfht at
the approaching vernal season, the
Evening Grosbeak, on sable pinions set
with white, flits silently by, like some
strange thing of inauspicious omen, re-
turning to its northern fastnesses and,
I suppose, domestic felicity.

Leslie O. Dakt,
Litchfield, Minn.

My Friend, Hairy.

While walking through a strip of
woods on a beautiful Sunday afternoon
in the latter part of May, 1890, my at-
tention was called to a Hairy Wood-
pecker, whose actions showed it to be
laboring under great excitement. In a
few minutes I found out the cause— it
was my too close proximity to a dead
poplar, near the top of which was a
hole.

The tree was a bad one to go up with

its loose, decaying, dirty bark, with a

nest of black ants inside, and the hole

, looked small, uiuch too small for a

Hairy Woodpecker to get into, and
worst of all I had on a new pair of Sun-
day pants.

To climb, or not to climb, that was
the question, but the Hairy was getting
more excited than ever, so I climl^ed —
up through the nest of crawling ants
and falling dirt, up to the hole, thirty
feet up, or so; then stopped to rest, but
a moment later, slid wearily back to
earth again for I heard the young peep-
ing in the hole.

After emptying the dirt from my
clothes and trying in vain to make my
pants look as fresh as formerly, I turned
homeward, not feeling particularly
pleased with my ramble. But at least
I had seen how the Hairy built and had
found out the time of breeding.

I kept the remembrance in my mind,
and the sixth of May, of the following
year found me again in the same strip
of woods, and soon standing by the tree
I had climbed the year before. A limb
cracked under my foot, and out of the
Hairy's hole, which had been enlarged,
dashed a Yellow-shafted Flicker. But
I was not after Flicker's eggs, and be-
sides it was too early to expect any, so
I moved on. Back and forth I walked
through the strip of woods, seeing plen-
ty of signs but no "good" hole until I
ari'ived at a clump of dead poplars, and
in one of them, about twenty feet from
the ground, I saw a hole.

The ground was strewn with fresh
chips, which had been thrown from the
hole. A rap on the tree brought out
the female Hairy. The tree was not
over six inches in diameter and was too
shaky to climb. This difficulty was
soon overcome, for near by grew an ash
sapling. I was soon in the top branch-
es of the sapling, and my weight bent
it over against the stub. It seemed as
if evei'ything had been planned for my
convenience, for at the top of the sap-
ling was a crotch which fitted around
the stub and kept me from swaying, a
dead limb kept the sapling from sliding

THE OOLOGIST.

87

"down, and two others served as foot-
rests;aud the hole came at jnst the right
place to get at it easily. I then took
•out my "egg scoop" (cousistiug of a
■little bag sewn iu a loop of a wire -eigh-
teen inches long) and proceeded to bus-
iness.

I reached carefully down with the
' scoop" until I could feel it touch the
round surface of the eggs. One at a
time they were brought up to light
through the ten-inch cavity, four in all
— four beauties with a yellowish pink-
ish color. How carefully I packed
them in my box and then slid carefully
to the ground! But I had to take th ^m
from the box and look at them again,
before I was ready to pack them for
carrying home. That evening however
they were finally laid away safely in
mv cabinet. For a week, though, I had
to look at them two or three times a
day to see if they were all right.

About two weeks aft rward, on the
2lstofMay. I happened in the same
locality again and went to the Haii-y's
hole and tapped on the tree. What
was my surprise to see the female leave
the hole. I did not loose much time in
reaching the hole and was soon I'eward-
ed with a set of four, which w^ere as*
beautiful as the Urst set.

Meanwhile the female was flying
around and crying "quit! quit! quit!"
But I did not "quit" and soon this set
was lying with the firsi iu my cabinet.

On the second of June, I again visit-
ed the piece of wootls to look after some
warblers' nests I had foui?^ on a pre-
vious visit. Passing the ''woodpecker
tree," I threw a stick at it for luck. It
struck, and immediately the male Hairy
left the nest. And as he flew to an oak
tree near by, the notes he uttered
seemed to be "quit, quit, quit, get-out-
of-this, 3-ou've- 'ad-enough!" But an
"egg-crank" is hard to satisfy', and
soon there was another set of four
Hairy Woodpecker's eggs in my collec-
tion. I did not get a chance to visit the

Woodpecker again that year, and so do
not know whether another set was laid
or not. But I think that three sets
from the same bird iu one year is
enough for most anyone.

The following year on May 3. 1892, 1
was hunting for my Hairy again. The
wind had blow^n over the nesting site of
the previous year. However, in half
an hour, the new^ site was found; it was
in a live inch poplar, 15 feet from the
ground, not a limb to stand on and no
convenient sapling. A couple of feet
above the hole, and on the opposite side
of the tree, was the remains of a limb.
I climbed up, hung my climbing strap
over the limb, buckled it up and,
sat in the loop thus formed while I ex-
amined the hole. It contained only
one egg which I left. I did not see ei-
ther of the birds this time.

On May 14th, I was on the spot again.
In response to my rap the female left
the hole, and it seemed to me she rec-
ognized me and as she flew to a neigh-
boring tree she seemed to say "you,
you, you, here again?" I obtained a
set of four, incuDation about one-third.

On May 28, I obtained a fresh set of
four and did not go near her again that
year.

The following year I did not go out
until the leaves were rather thick on
the trees. My bird was not to be found
in her old haunts. But as I was going
home sh^came to meet me from anoth-
er strip of woods and it seemed to me
she said "you, you. you, got-left" and I
had, for the leaves were so thick I
could not find the nest.

H. T VanOstrand.

A Few Thoughts.

I have noticed with increasing dis-
approval the tendency of a lai'ge num-
ber of collectors to pay more attention
to the simple gathering together of a
large number of shtdls of different col-
or, shape and markings, for the purpose

THE OOLOGIST.

of being able to say they had so many
different vai'ieties, than to the study of
the habits and peculiarities of the birds
themselves. The persons who follow
this plan are not naturalists; they are
simply collectors, and collectors of the
worst sort. There are naturalists to
my knowledge who have only a col-
lection of some thirty or forty species
of eggs, but their knowledge of the
birds themselves and their habits is
something evei'y naturalist with a col-
lection of hundi'eds of kinds cannot
boast.

I think that the idea of collecting
more eggs than is wanted in one's own
collection has gained too much ground
with our naturalists. It is not the
student of nature who does this sort of
thing; it is simply, as you might say,
the pot-hunter. And truly the pot-
hunter is the more noble of the two (if
such term is applicable to either), as
the birds have a slight chance (and
very slight too)fnr their lives with the
pot-hunter, while the rapacious egg-
hunter carries off the eggs by the
hundred without a thought as to the
immense number of birds he is really
desti'oying.

It seems to me that some steps
should be taken to stop this willful and
cruel slaughter. The gaining of a few
palti'y dollars at the expense of the
lives of hundreds of the beautiful in-
habitants of the air seems to me rather
a poor exchange. Did any one ever
hear of an Audubon or a Wilson com-
mitting such an act? No, never!
They would have considered them-
selves forever disgraced and totally un-
worthy to occupy the high place which
they do among American ornitholo-
gists.

I think we should all depend upon
ourselves for the specimens in our col-
lection; not upon the efforts of others.
Then there would be less incorrect
identification. The number of eggs in
the average collection which are wrong-

ly identified are usually about as large
as those which are properly named.

If all collectors could and would read
the life of Audubon and would try to
imitate him more closely we would
have a far better class of naturalists
in every respect, in our little ornitho-
logical world.

Anyone who visited the World's Fair
will have seen that Ornithology is a
science and not a mere pastime alone,
as too many seem to regard it. The
exhibits of this branch of science in the
Anthropological Building were truly
wonderful, and did a gi'cat deal to
show what can be done in this line by
carefial study and perseverance.

I wish to say just a word against
the chief tyrant of our feathered vis-
itors— the English Sparrow. It seems
to me that every effort should be made
to influence the legislature to pass a
law offering a bounty for their death.
This would quickly thin out their num-
bers and give us back the birds that
used to be in abundance about our
doors before the advent of this stran-
ger. If all the readers of the Oologist
would do what they could toward driv-
ing this bird out, we would soon be
•able to see a noticeable increase in the
number of our own native birds.

I hope that this little article will put
the matter in the right light with at
least a few collectors, and that there
will be more observation of the habits,
and a little less collection in quantities
of the eggs, of our birds.

LRED W. PaRKHDKST,

Bath, N. Y.

Nesting of Leconte's Sparrow-

Leconte's Span-ows are fairly numer-
ous in the vicinity of Reaburn, Mani-
toba. Their peculiar note can be heard
both day and night in fine weather, the
only sound I can compare it to is the
note of the grasshopper.

THE OOLOGIST.

8»

It is one of the most difficult small
birds to collect that I know of. They
are great skulkers, I have often fol-
lowed them guided by their chirping in
the grass, until I was sure the bird
was not more than a few
yards away, then he would suddenly
'•crowd on all sail" and dart away at a
high rate of speed, gyrating from side
to side in a manner that would test the
skill of any collector.

On June 18th Mr. W. Raine, theu my
companion at Reaburn, discovered a
small nest containing five small, speck-
led eggs, which w? felt sure were the
eggs of the Leconte's Sparrow as the
birds were in the vicinity all the time,
the locality was carefully noted and we
visited it four or five times a day. Oa
the morning of the 21st upon wakening
we found it raining, but in a short time
we were cautiously approaching the
nest, when within a few yards the bird
flushed and by a lucky shot I knocked
it over and in another moniBnt I had in
my hand the parent bird, Leconte's
Sparrow.

Oa the lOth while walking over the
prairie we almost tramped upon a
small bird as it fluttered from under
our feet and a short search revealed a
nest containing four young birds and
an a<ldled egg, the egg corresponded
exactly with the others, the nest also
was identical and the glimpse we had
of the bird made it doubtless that it
was another nest of Leconte's Sparrow.
The nests wer^ composed of fine
grass, cup-shaped and deep, carefully
concealed in the centre of a thick tuft
of grass. The eggs are gi'eenish white
ground color, thickly speckled with
pale ashy-brown and the average size
is .65X.50.

G. F. DiPPiE,
Toronto, Canada.

To-day you should either renew, sub-
scribe or send in a new subscriber to
the OoLOGiST for '94.

SCENES FROM THE LIFE^OF ALEXANDER
WILSON.

His Second Southern Tour.

G. Vrooman Smith

IX.
Only two hundred copies of the first
volume of the American Ornithology
had been printed in the first edition.
The very gratifying success of his re-
cent northern and southern subscrii>
tion tours seemed to warrant an addit-
ional three hundred copies. While the-
new edition was in press, Wilson assid-
uously directed his attention to the prep-
aration of the second volume, which
Avas completed and ready for the jH-int-
er in August, but owing to delay it did
not appear till five months later, in
January, 1810. An enormous out-lay
had been necessary in order to perfect
the plates, and iu meeting this expense
Wilson became involved in difficulties
of which he never imagined. There-
fore before the work on the plates and
text of the third volume could begin it.
was necessary for him to undertake a
third tour in search of subscribers and
to collect information. A second south-
ern pilgrimage was agreed upon, but
this time following the courses of the
Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to New Or-
leans. The ornithologist corresponded
with his old fidend and adviser, Mr.
Bartram as to the best means of travel.
In fact Mr. Bartram expected to ac-
company him on this expedition, but
for some unTcnown reason (probably
however the age of his friend would'
not admit of such a tedious undertak-
ing), he was as usual, compelled to pi-o-
ceed alone. The account of this ornith-
ological journey comes to us through
letters written from time to time to his
friends in Philadelphia, and particular-
ly to his engraver, Mr. Lawson. His
first letter is from Pittsburg and bears,
the date of February 22, 1810.

!90

THE OOLOGIST.

In the lattei- part of January he bade
:adieu to Philadelphia and departed in
vthe direction of Lancaster at which he
•arrived in a few days. On arriving at
Lancaster he waited on the Governor
who received him civilly. The distin-
guisheil gentleman was highly pleased
with the work and readily added his
name to the list. Wilson was intro-
duced to many members of both houses
•of the legislature, but abandoned them
all in disgust, as in general he found
them a "pitiful squabbling political
mob" without knowing anything about
the forms of legislation. The follow-
ing Sunday he crossed the Susquehanna
River experiencing great dithculty as
he was obliged to cut his way through
ice for several hundred yards. Passing
-on to York he paid his respects to all the
literary talent in the place, without any
success, how^ever. While here he learn-
ed of a most extraordinary character,
between eighty and niuety years of age,
who had lived by trapping birds and
animals for over thirty years. Through
the kindness of an acquaintance he was
driven out to see him. taking a half
pound of snuff, of which he was insat-
iably fond, taking it by handfuls. The
strange individual was a store house of
information relating to woodcraft and
told anecdotes of the greater part of the
subjects of the first volume.

At Hanover a Judge told him "that
such a book as mine ought not to be en-
couraged, as it was not within reach of
the commonalty, and therefore incon-
sistent with our republican institu-
tions." Wilson cooly took this passing
of the sage's opinion and added that in-
asmuch as he had built such a large
handsome three story brick house, that
also was beyond the reach of the com-
monalty and therefore he was as great
a culprit as himself. Wilson pointed
out to the Judge the importance of
science to a rising nation with so much
earnestness and effect that he began to
show signs of shame.

Departing from Chambersburg, Feb-
ruary 11th he began the ascent of the
Allegany mountains, whose great de-
clivities w^ere extensively covered with
timber. On arriving in view of Pitts-
burgh he was much impressed with the
distant view of the place. Pittsburgh
was much the same dirty, smoky city
then as it is at the present day. For he
remarks that while yet afar off he saw
the cloud of black smoke that always
overhangs it He thought Pittsburgh
had a decided Birmingham aspect.
The ice in the Monongahela River was
just breaking up so he remained in the
vicinity of the city exploring the woods
till the ice left the stream. He exhib-
ited his book with success beyond ex-
pectation, securing fourteen new sub-
scribers. He was persuaded to make
the journ^\y by water instead of by land
as the roads were impassible for a land
journey. Thereupon he purchased a
small boat wliieh he very appropriatly
named the Ornithologist, intending to
proceed in it to Cincinnati, a distance
of more than five hundred miles He
procured his stock of provision, consist-
ing of some biscuit and cheese and a
bottle of cordial a gentleman in Pitts-
burgh presented him with. All these
were stored away in one end of the
boat with his trunk, gun and extra coat,
and a tin vessel to bale his boat with
and to take his "beverage from the
Ohio."

Bidding adieu to the smoky city of
Pittsburgh, he launched his bark into
the stream and was soon winding his
way among the hills that everywhere
enclosed that magnificent river. The
spring weather was warm and serene,
the river like a mirror, except where a
few widely scattered fragments of ice
spotted the surface. His heart ex-
panded with delight at the novelties
which surrounded him. The sweet
whistling of the Red-bird on the border-
ing banks; the smoke of the numei'ous
maple sugar camps rising lazily among

THE OOLOGIST.

91

the mountains: the grotestjue log cabins
that here and there opened from the
woods, gave a most delightful effect to
<he varying landscape. The current
flowed about two and a half miles an
hour, but Wilson tinding this too slow
stripped himself with alacrity to the
oar and adtled three miles and a half to
his speed. In the course of the first
day he passed a number of Kentucky
boats or arks, loaded with people,
horses and ploughs, flour, etc. The
arks were the principal means of com-
munication and transportation between
the scattered settlements along the
river. Thej' were propelled by two
huge oars at each side, and steered by
a long one behind, and made about
twenty miles a day. They approached
a village witb much the same demon-
stration as a stage coach nowadays <loes
in the mountains, with loud and long
trumpet blasts to announce to the in-
habitants their ai'rival.

Our traveler left behind him fifty-two
miles the first day and an hour after
night fall he landed before a miserable
cabin where he obtained lodging for the
night. He relates that he slept on what
he supposed were corn stalks or some-
thing worse, the uncomfortableness of
which caused him to rise long before
day break and proceed on his voyage.
The early hour was delightful and as
he silently swept down the smooth
glassy surface of the stream the far
away hideous hooting of the Horned
Owl, and the first morning carol of the
Song Sparrow were in harmony with
the projecting headlands beautifully re-
flected in the placitl water. In this
lonesome manner, with an abundance
of leisure for oijservation and rellcction,
exposed to hardships all day, and hard
berths at night, to storms, rain, hail and
snow he ])ersevered twenty-one days
till Sunday evening, March 17th he
moored his frail bark safolj^ in Bear
Grass Creek at the rapids of the Ohio,
having made in that time a voyage of
geven hundred and twenty miles.

Wilson became profoundly interested
in the romarkaWe Indian mounds in the
town of Marietta, Ohio. He explored
several of them and manifested much
regret that he had not the time to in-
vestigate their hidden treasures. About
ten miles below the mouth of the Great
Scioto he was overtaken by a heavy
rain storm, which soon changed to hail
and snow. The fury of the tempest up-
rooted multitudes of trees along the
bank blocking the pas.sage and com-
pelled him to keep his boat in the mid-
dle of the stream which he says rolled
and foamed like the sea. After a des-
perate effort he succeeded in landing
near a cabin on the Kentucky shore.
The cabin was that of a man called a
"squatter" an immediate successor of
the Indian occuiaaucy. who subsist by
trapping. The proprietor was a veter-
an in the art of wood craft and Wilson
listened with interest to his recital of
hunting and trapping exploits. In re-
spect to these squatter inhabitants he
says that nothing adds more to the sav-
age grandeur and picturesque eft'ect of
the scenery along the Ohio, than these
miseral)le huts of human beings, lurk-
ing at the bottom of gigantic growths
of timber, that has its etjual in no other
part of the United States. On nearer
approach however their appearance is
apt to break the charm, for they are lit-
tle better than pig sties. At these habi-
tations Wilson was ol)liged to remain at
night or else encamp in the forest with
no protection from the elements.

Our traveler reached the Big Blue
Lick where the bones of extinct animals
have been taken in great numbers, but
at that early time comparatively little
was known of the locality, anil only a
few bones had been found. The place
is a low valley, surrounded on all sides
by high hills. In the center is a quag-
miie of an acre in extent. Wilson
nearly lost his own life in pursuing a
Duck across the (luagmire, into which
he sank, extricating himself only by a

92

THE OOLOGIST.

desperate effort. He reached Louis-
ville in the night having been detained
upon his way by a vain pursuit of Wild
Turkeys, until it was so late that he
was alarmed in the evening by hearing
the distant sound of rapids sometime
before he reached the city. He reached
Bear Grass Creek; landed in safety:
took his luggage on his shoulder, and
groped his way in the dark to the town.
From here he writes: "The next day I
sold my skiff for exactly half what it
cost me: and the man who bought it
wondered why I gave it such a droll In-
dian name(The Ornithologist) 'some old
chief or warrior, I suppose,' said he."

Leaving his baggage to be forwarded
by wagon he proceeded on foot to Lex-
ington, a distance of seventy-two miles.
The walking was uncomfortable and
the absence of bridges very inconven-
ient: however he was generally pleased
with the appearance of the country.
He was most profoundly interested in
the flight of the Passenger Pigeons.
They moved in immense clouds several
strata in depth, extending in every di-
rection as far as the eye could reach.
He sat down to note how long this
flight would continue; but after.au hour
there was no signs of the end, in fact
they appeared to be crowding on in
greater numbers. He visited one of
these remarkable Pigeon roosts, exper-
iencing much inconvenience in reach-
ing it. The inhabitants of the vicinity
assemble there in great numbers at
night to kill the birds which is done by
every manner of device. At certain
seasons of the year wagon loads of
slaughtered birds ai'e daily taken from
the roosting grounds to feed the hogs
on, which it is said is a very fattening
diet.

Arriving at Lexington our traveler
was most surprisingly delighted with
the gay appearance of the city. For
many long weeks he had pursued his
way through the solitude of an almost
unbroken forest, and now to emerge

from the solitary forest into the busy
streets of this Kentucky city was exhil-
erating to the fatigued senses of the pil-
grim. Every where there was a no-
table spirit of industry. Everybody was-
interested in buying and selling land.
The spirit of trade pervaded every
avenue of business. Especially was
this true of the Yankees, who, he affirms
we reall traders. One particularly en-
terprising Yankee— a house carpenter
from Massachusetts had brought down
the river from Pennsylvania several
barrels of apples and employed the
negro women "to hawk them about the
streets, at thirty-seven and a half cents
per dozen."

A Kentucky horse in that day was as
remarkable as now, although in a dif-
ferent sense. He says they are the
hardiest in the world, not so much by
nature, as by education and habit. For
from the very beginning of their exis-
tence they are habituated to every ex-
treme of starvation and gluttony, idle-
ness and excessive fatigue. In sum-
mer they have the best of the land, but
in winter when the fields are bare they
become the very skeleton of life. In
this condition they are ridden into
t;Own, a distance of twenty miles or so,
through roads and sloughs, that would
become the graves of any common ani-
mal, with a fury and celerity incom-
prehensible by any one save an inhab-
itant. Wilson was gi'eatly surprised to
see what a vast amount of industry and
improvement had been gathered there
in a few years, and Lexington with all
its faults is yet an honorable monument
of the entei-prise of its citizens

From Lexington he proceeded to
Nashville; and here let us close this
paper reserving for the next the re-
mainder of his southern experience.

Mr. C. C. Henry of New York City
writes "I enjoyed the-OoLoGiST during
the past year more than ayiy paper or
magazine I have ever taken."

THE OOLOGIST.

93

Collecting Lire Birds-

To the genuine Naturalist, who will
take the trouble to feed and take care of
birds, the live birds are much more in-
teresting and valuable for studj' than
the mounted specimens. Although
there are comuaratively few species
which can be captured and kept alive
at a small expense.

In the last few years I have had quite
a number of live birds, among them
were Hawks, Barred and Screech
Owls, and a large number of Crows
and more common birds.

If an3^ of the younger collectors were
going to start a collection of live birds,
I would advise them to start out with
■Ci'ows, as they are easily tamed and
will eat anything digestible l)y man or
beast. They will also eat cuff-buttons,
rings or anything of shiny appearance.
Although I would uot advise the use of
the latter articles in the way of food
for Crows. I have heard that they can
be taught to talk, but I have not tried
teaching them.

Next easiest to tame in my exper-
ience, comes the Owls. My last Bar-
red Owl would set on my arm and let
me pet him. My Owls would eat noth-
ing bui meat. I let the Screech Owls
{last summer I had eight in number)
loose in the barn lo live on mice; only
giviug them a few English Sparrows or
a piece of beef steak once a week for a
change of diet.

My only specimen of Black Hawk did
not become tame enough to handle, but
would eat meat from my hand. He is
now a "stuffed bird."

While hunting I captured a young
Sera Rail; he graced my collection for
about a mouth, wlien one night he
made a fatal expedition through the
bars into the next c:ige which contained
some Barred Owls. A few feathers
scattered about the cage told his sad
«nd.

A friend of mine tried- keeping Prai-

rie Hens, but affer a short time they
either all died or escaped. I have never
heard of anybody keeping them in cap-
tivity with any success. Mr. Studer in
his "Birds of North America" speaks of
keeping Bob-whites with success for
several seasons.

Some of our birds, among them the
Woodpeckers, will die if kept in cap-
tivity.

I he only instance in my experience of
wild birds nesting in captivity, was last
Spring, a Screech Owl laid a set of four
eggs, which are now in my collection.

I generally start collecting live birds
(also the smaller animals and snakes)
about April first and in the latter part
of September, I either convert into
skins or set free my"menagerie, "except-
ing the very tame ones which take up
quarters in the barn for the winter.
Walter A. Johnson,
Galesburg, Ills.

Accidental Death of Birds.

In one of our well known ornitholo
gical publications there appeared re-
cently an interesting article on "The
Accidental Death of Birds," in which
the writer tells of a number of eases
that came under his observation in
which birds had lost their lives by pure-
ly accidental causes.

Having met with several such cases
in my own experience, and thinking
they might possibly be of interest to
some of the many readers of the OoLO-
GIST, I send them in.

One autumn, several years ago, while
wandering over a collecting field of
previous seasons I found the remains of
a song sparrow and its nest, the bird
had used some string in building the
nest and in this had Ijeeome so entan-
gled that it was unable to regain its
freedom, and had consequently died,
evidently from starvation.

I remember a case of accidental death
that occurred to a family of young Yel-

94

THE OOLOGIST.

low-shafted Flickers some years ago.
The youug Flickers were about a week
old and resided in a large venerable
willow tree. One afternoon there was
quite a storm, the wind blew lustily ov-
er-turning the old tree, and very un-
ceremoniously tossing the young Flick-
ers out upon the ground. As the fall
had apparently done them little or no
injury a section of the tree containing
them was cut out and stood up against
a fence, near where the old willow had
grown, in the hope that the parent
birds would return to the young, but
they did not and in a few days the
young Flickers died. Artificial feed-
ing was tried but it apparently did not
do any good. Without a doubt large
numbers of young birds and eggs are
destroyed b}' the wind blowing the nests
out or the trees down, and I think we
have all in our tramps through field
and forest found many young birds and
broken eggs upon the ground that have
been thus destroyed. If the eggs of a
season that are in this manner lost
could be preserved they would doubt-
less make a collection of which any
oologist might well be proud.

During the latter part of last spring
and in early summer the wind played
havoc among our trees and consequently
among our birds. I remember walking
out one day after such a st >rm, and
finding the remains of no less than a
dozen ditTerent nests with eggs that
had been thus destroyed.

Dr. W. E. Rotzell,

Narberth, Fa.

Maryland Birds That Interest the Sportsman.

All the Ducks, Geese and Swans are
migratory. Among what is known as
the 'Shore Birds" are many small ones
that are frequently bagged along with
the larger; but in the following list I
have only included those which are
principally sought after.

The land ''Game Birds" are largely

hunted not only by the legitimate
sportsman hunting for the love of
sport, but also by the pot-hunter, who
seems to use every means within his
power to exterminute the birds as fast
as possible. Two of these latter living-
in this city, have been going out at
night after Bob-white and on the dogs-
"pointing" the roosting covey, they
have secured them all at a single dis-
charge of the gun.

Merganser americanus, Americaii
Merganser. This species and tlie other-
Mergansers are often shot by the duck-
ers and sold in market under the name
of "Fishermen." They have a rank,
fishy taste.

Anas boschas, Mallard. One of our
first Ducks to arrive in the fall raigra
tion, and is generally shot in the
marshes. The male is a beautitut
bii'd and is sometimes called "Green-
head."

Anas obscura, Black Duck, Dusky,
Duck, Marsh Mallard, etc. This is;
another of our marsh Ducks, 'more com-
mon in the salt marshes. August 28,
1893, a young female was shot on Lake-
Roland, Baltimore county.

Alias strepera, Gadwall, Gray Duck.
Sometimes killed by the duckers.

Anas penelope. Widgeon. Several of
the European Widgeon have been re-
corded from Maryland.

Anas americana. Baldpate, Widgeon.
This Duck is one of our early arrivals,
and makes good shooting, but at times
they are very high flyers. They are a
good table Duck.

Anas caroli7iensis, Green-winged Teal.
Not so common as the following
species, and moi'e often killed over de-
coys in the open water.

Anas discors, Blue-winged Teal. This
is the first Duck to arrive in the fall,
and is found in the marshes and about
the heads of Gunpowder and Bush
River. During August and September
many are killed by the gunners, wha
are after Sora and Reedbirds.

THE OOLOGIST

95

Dejila actita, Piutail, Sprigtail. Often
shot over decoys.

Aix sponsa, Wood Duck, Summer
Dui'k. The only Dnck that breeds
with us regularly. The male is the
most gaudy of all our Ducks. This
species is often called Acorn Duck,
and from its habit of nesting in hollow
trees is sometimes called Tree Duck.
It is found in the marshes and on
streams bordered by woodland.

Aythya americana, Redhead, Pochard.
Years ago when Bush and Gunpowder
Rivers were full of wild celery ( Vdlis-
neria spiralis) we had splendid .shoot-
ing, and the Redhead was abundant.
Of late years this grass has been killed
out and the Ducks have been scarce.
Still, on March 5, 1887, my uncle and I
shot ninety-eight in less than thiee
hours. They sometimes stop on border of
inland water during migi'atiou. Some
years ago about six hundred spent the
day on Lake Roland, oue of our water
supplies situated seven miles from the
city.

Aythya vaUisneria, Canvas-back.
This, the tiuest of our Ducks, like the
preceeding species is gradually disap-
pearing from our rivers; its principal
food ( V. spiralis) being almost entirely
gone. AVhen feeding on this grass a
tine, delicate Havor is imparted to their
flesh and they bring a high price in
market, at times as high as $10 per pair.

It is one of our best decoying Ducks.
If one makes up its mind to come to
the stools it is bound to get there.

Aythya inarila neardica, American
Scaup Duck, Raft Duck, Shuffler, Bay
Blackhead, etc. The Blackhead is a
common Duck in our rivers and in
Chesapeake Bay. It decoys well and
is a good table Duck, liut not so highly
esteemed as some of the other species
It often associates with the Redhead.

Aythya affinis, Lesser Scaup Duck,
Little Blackhead, Creek Blackhead, etc.
Much smaller than the preceding
species. Decoys well. I have killed a
great many on Dundee Creek.

Olaucionctta danguJa ttimericana,
American Golden-eye, Jingler,Whilfler,.
Whistler. Common;killed over decoys;,
named Whistler from the sound made
by its wings while flying. Often while
in the blind half asleep I have been,
aroused by the sound of their wings.

Ckaritonetta aibeola^ Buffle-head',.
Butfer-ball, Dipper. These li'tleDuoks-
are often found on inland lakes. I have
several times seen them on Lake Roland.
They are very difBeult to shoot while
on the water as they dive at the flash-
of the gun. For this reason some call
them 'Hell Divers."

Clangukt hyemalis. Old-squaw, South
Southerly, Long-tailed Duck, etc.
Common and trashy; often shot over
decoys while watching for better game.

Oidemia americniia, American Scoter.
This and the other Scoters are some-
times killed, but they are not tit for
the table. Often called Tarpots, Sea
Coots.

Erismalura ruhida, RudtPj Duck. The
Coot, as it is commonly called by our
gunners, is a flne little table Duck. It
does not often decoy, l)ut will frequent-
ly swim into the stools. I have some-
tin)es been shooting Ducks from- the-
P. W. & B. rail road bridge over Gum-
powder River, during a perfectly calm
day. when the surface of the water be-
low the bridge was coverefl with large
"rafts" of these little Ducks. -If a
breeze would ruffle the water they
would arise singly and in small flocks,
sometimes flying up the river and rais-
ing just enough to clear the bridge
they would pass vvithin a few yards of
me with the velocity of an arrow. Un-
der such circumstances I once saw a
man .shoot away two hundred shells
and only bag a single bird.

Chen hyperborea. Lesser Snow Goose.
Rare; I have only seen it on two oc-
casions, March 10, 1890 and in October,
1890. In the latter case I was fishing
from the rail road bridge over Bear
Creek and a pair flew directly over Hke.
about forty yards high.

S6

THE OOLOGIST.

Anser dlbifrorts ynmbeli, American
White-fronted Goose. Very rare; only a
few ever having been recorded in Mary-
land. November 13, 1893, my uncle shot
•one over Duck decoys on Gunpowder
IRiver, It was alone at the time. It
was mounted and is now in the Mary-
land Academy of Sciences, this city.

Branta canadentiis , Canada Goos
Very common during the migrations.
Many are killed at the shores at the
mouths of our rivers and along the Bay
shore. I have se<in large numbers off
Legoe's Point at the mouth of Bush
£iver.

T3ranta bernicla, Brant. This is
more of a maritime bird and remains
along the coast.

Olor cohimbianus, Whistling Swan.
Common in Chesapeake Bay, often as-
cending its tributaries. I have seen
large tioeks bedded in the Bay off
Legoe's Point, where many are killed
:at times. March 14, 181)3. I saw a dock
of six in Gunpowder River, where they
I'emained within a radius of about two
hundred yards all day. They are some-
times killed on the Potomac as high up
as Harper's Ferry. November 6, 1893,
several flocks were on the Potomac
■opposite Brunswick.

Rallus elegans. King Kail, Fresh-
water Marsh-hen. Often shot in the
fresh water marshes by gunners when
after Reedbirds, etc. It is resident in
summer and I have taken two sets of
its eggs.

Rallus crepitans. Clapper Rail, Salt-
water Marsh-hen, Mud-hen, Sedge-hen,
etc. Migratory; abundant in the salt
marshes along the Atlantic coast, where
it breeds in immense numbers. I have
seen numbers of them floating about
on the "drift" during a high tide.

Rallus virginianus, Virginia Rail.
Migratory; not common; sometimes shot
an the marshes.

Porzana Carolina, Sora, CarolinaRail,
Ortolan. The Rail, as it is commonly
called, is wery abundant in our fresh

water marshes during the fall migra-
tion in August and September. Oa
the marshes at Marlboro and Notting-
ham it is not an unusual thing for a
single man to bag from 250 to 300 birds
a day. At this season I hey are very
fat, and are highly esteemed for the
table.

^ iiliea americana, American Coot.
This bird is often shot and sold in mar-
ket as the Crow-bill Duck. They are
poor eating being rank and fishy. Mi-
gratory.

Pliilohela minor, American Woodcock.
Migratory as a rule, but resident dur-
ing mild winters. They begin to breed
very early and on the nest are exceed-
ingly tame. They frequent low wet
woodlands, and except for the flies and
hot weather make very enjoyable shoot-
ing in July, the more so from the fact
of their being the only game to shoot at
the time. Their flight when flushed is
rapid, but after flying a few yards they
will drop. They cau be flushed several
times before taking a longer tight.

Many Woodcock are killed by flying
against telegraph wires; several times
I have fouud them on the ground be
tween the uoles.

In the spring while mating they have
a curious way of ascending in -the air,
uttering a peculiar note at the time.
One moonlight night in March while I
was after Muskrats I heard the Wood-
cock all about me, and at times they
would alight on the sandy soil within a
few yards of me.

Oallinago delicata, Wilson's Snipe,
Jack Snipe. The Jack Snipe is a com-
mon spring and fall migrant, most
abundant in the spring.

When flushed they utter a peculiar
note reseuibling scaip, scaip, and the
tirst few yards of their flight is zig-zag,
making a difficult shot at the time.

They are found in the river marshes
and in wet jieadows, seldom where
there are trees. Sometimes when
abundant, dozens will flush at the x-e-

THE OOLOGIST.

97

■port of a guu, cii'cle all around utter-
ing their peculiar note, and then scatter
Jill over the marsh. As the Snipe is
•often very wild and Hushes against the
wind the best plan is to hunt them with
the wind, so in I'isiug ihey will give a
closer shot. They feed like the Wood-
cock by thrusting the bill into the mud.

Macrorhamphus griseits, Dowiteher,
•Gray-back Snipe. The Gray-back, as
it is generally called, used to be verj'
abundant and in large flocks, being
found in the marshes and on the mud
flats along our sea coast; of late years
they have been scarce. They are un-
suspecting birds and readily decoy.
After having several shots tired into
their midst they can be immediately
whistled back again to the decoys.
They are migratorj', most abundant
during May and August.

Tringa canutits, Knot, Robin-breast
Snipe, Robin Snipe. The Robin-breast
is at times abundant along the coast
■during the spring and fall migrations,
generally being killed on the ocean
side of the beach, they, as a rule, keep-
ing along the surf. They are a hand-
some bird, and in my opinion the finest
•of our shore birds lor the table.

Tringa alpina pacijica. Red-backed
Sandpiper. The Black-breast, as it is
often called, is smaller than many of
the other shore birds, but is generally
bagged when it comes to the decoys,
spring and fall migrant.

Limosafcdoa, Marbled Godwit. Mi-
grant; usually called Straight-billed
Curlew. Shot on the marshes along
the coast.

Totnnus meZanoZe«c?/.s,GreaterYellow-
legs. Yellow-leg Plover, etc. Au abundant
migrant in our salt water marshes,
sometimes taken far inland. August
26, 1893, I saw one at Loch Raven,
twelve miles from Baltimore. They
decoy well and ai'e good eating.

TotinusJiavipcs,Ye\\ovi-\egs. Spring
and fall migrant. It is often called
Little Yellow-leg Plover. More of an

inland bird than the larger species, and
is often killed on our fresh water
marshes. During August 1893, about a
dozen remained for some time at Lake
Roland, Baltimore Co.

Syviphemia semipulmata , Willet. The
Willet is a summer visitor, and breeds
in the marshes along our coast near
OceanCit3\ While shooting other shore
birds in the spring, the Willet should
be spared and is to a great extent.
In August they make tine sport, de-
coying readily. They are shot both on
the sea-side and in the marshes.

Wm. H. Fishek,
Baltimoi'e, Md.
[Concluded cext month.]

Western New York Naturalists" Association.

A special meeting of the Western
New York Naturalists' Association Avill
be held iu the rooms of the Y. M. C. A.
Building. Cor. Court and St. Paul Sts.,
Rochester, N. Y., March 17, 1894.

The business meeting will be called
at 1 p. m., sharp, at which all active
members are urgently requested to be
present. From 3 to 5 p. m. the rooms
will be open to the public for the exam-
ination of exhibitions of specimens. At
8 p. m. there will be a public meeting
for the presentation and discussion of
scientitic papers on diflerent branches
of natural science. It is earnestly re-
quested that all members be present,
and contribute, as far as possible, to-
wards making this meeting one of great
interest to all.

All out-siders interested in natural
science, are cordially invited to be pi'es-
ent and contribute to the presentation
and discussion of papers, specimens,
etc. All who can be present or contri-
bute are requested tocommimicate with
the chairman of the Arrangmeut Com-
mittee, stating the title and length of
papers to be presented, and enumera-
ting the specimens they wnll exhibit.
It is earnesth' hoped that large contri-
butions will be made to the exhibit by
members and others interesteil and
that all will come as early as possible,
to allow ample time for the arrange-
ment of specimens.

B. S. BowDisH, Chairman,
L. V. Ca&e,
E. H. Short,

Arrangement Committee.

98

THE OOLOGIST.

The Oologist,

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to

OOLOGY AND ORNITHOLOGY.

F. H. LATTIN, & CO., Publishers.
ALBION. N. Y.

FRANK H. LATTIN, WALTER F. WEBB.
Editors.

Correspondence and items of interest to tne
student of Birds, their Nests and Eggs, solicited
from all.

TERMS^F SUBSCRIPTION.
Single Subscription - - 50c per annum
Sample Copies _____ 5c eac'a
The above rates include payment of postage by us.

Each subscriber is given two coupons, one good
for an Excliange Notice and tlie other tor 2.'jc.
when presented with an order of fl.~'5 or over.

Subscriptions can begin with any number.
Back numbers of the Oologist can be furnish
ed at reasonable rates. Send stamp for descrip-
tions and prices.

B^"Remember that the publisher must be no-
tified by letter when a subscriber wishes his pa-
per stopped, and all arrearages must be paid.

ADVERTISING RATES-

20 CENTS PER NONPAREIL LINE EACH INSERTION.

Twelve lines In every inch.
Special Rates, for advertisements continued

Three months or more, per line l.5c

Six months or more, per line I2^c

Twelve months or more, per ime lOc

ALTERNATIVE RATES.

For advertisements occupying any one issue

One-half column (42 lines) or more, per line inc

One column (84 lines) or more, per line I2>^c

One page (I68 lines) or more, per line lOc

Cash must accompany all orders.

Remittances sliould be made by Draft, Express
or Post, Office Money Order. Registered Letter or
Postal Note. Unused U. S. Postage Stamps of
any denomination will be accepted for sums un-
der one dollar. ^lake Money Orders and Drafts
payable and address all subscriptions and com-
munications to F. H. LATTIN & CO..
Albion, Orleans Co., N. Y.

'»* Articles, Items of Interest and Queries
for publication should be forwarded as early in
the month as possible.

AS SECOND-CLAJiS MATTER.

FEBRUARY CONTEST— Was decid-
ed aud the prizes mailed the winners on
March 1st, the result in detail will be
given in April Oologist.

During 1894, as in 1893, the Publishers
of the Oologist will distribute over
$300 worth of desirable prizes among
the patrons, contributors and readers,
of the Oologist. Particuhu's in full
next month.

Dr. I.,. B. Bishop of 77 Whitney
Ave., New Haven, Conn., desires in-
formation regarding the occurrence of
albinistic or unspotted eggs in species
generally laying pigmented ones, also
abnor.'iially colored ones in species
Vihose eggs are usually white or im-
maculate. The Dr. is making a study
of the subject and we trust our readers
will provide him with all data on the
same in their possession.

Mr. Egbert Bagg, 191 Genesee St.,
Utica. N. Y., desires information as to
the disappearance of the House Wren
or the Purple Martin, or of their re-
turn after disappearance, the cause if
known, the dates and any other infor-
mation on the subject. All readers of
the Oc'jLOGIST are invited to communi-
cate with him, if it be only to say, that
the bird is not known in their locality.
(The district especially desired to cover
is Central and Eastern New York, but
information from anywhere is wel-
come.)

You Are a Judge-

Your decision must be mailed us not
later than the Jirst day of April.
Write on back of a postal card the live
articles which you have decided to be
the most vahinble, instnictive and inter-
esting in this number of Oologist and
mail to us. Number the articles in the
order which you think the prizes should
be awarded.

We give our Judges five prizes hav-
ing an aggregate value of over $5, one
to each of the five whose decisions are-
nearest the final award of Mss. prizes.

January Contest.

In Januaiy Oologist our Annual In-
dex and "Or)LOGiST"s Exhibit of Birds
Eggs at the World's Columbian Exposi-
tion" occujiied so much space that there
was really not enough competition for
an Article Contest.

However, as we made no announce-
ment to the contrai'y — eighteen of our
patrons sent in their decisions.

The First Prize was awarded "Rap-
tores of Michigan" and to each "A Col-
lecting Ti'ip in Florida" and "Western
Warbling Vireo" Ave mailed a part of
"Maynard's Birds of Eastern North
America." To each of the eighteen
Judges we presented a copy of the
"Standard Catalogue".

All prizes were mailed Feb. 13th.

THE OOLOGIST.

99

Prank H. Isattin,

Walter P Webb.

^^\>' ALBION, N.Y. M*

y* ■ PuBuifcKEiR,& OPTK5 ■ ~rj

YJho\e5a\e and Reta\\Oea\er& 'm : -.p

SpEeiME^^s, Instruments, SuppuEs,

RHP VUBue^T\ON& 'tor THt. NATURft,U5T.'

V^a\.uvaL\ ^H'vbtovy &9ee'\n\eu.fe and .euno6\t\e&, '
l\\A.\f\c\a\ Cv\abs S^as, Bwd fetouts, BVrd tg^o&,
WotV\&, Builer^Wefe, ' \ud'\a.^-ReV\afe, tAVnetaVeJ

:. we;, MAKE A SPECIALTY" D F ' -
tveT^\.\\\a^ \u;,\V>e Hove\tij, SouveuVV and iey<eU^
\me Ahat can A),e manu^aeWed Ivova' KWaevaib,
&par, &Vve\yfa, Tefet^, Etc. &u\ta.b\e ^ov t\\e'

^^IR and.RES^RTfRADElj

BtROS andMAMMAiiS ^

F, H. Lattin & Go's World's Fair Exhibit.

At the World's Columbian Exposition our exhibit occupied over 2,000 square
feet and within this space we had the largest and best displays on the Grounds
in the following departments, viz:

1. Taxidermy — Our Wall Pieces, "From an ai-tistk or taxidermic" standpoint-

2. Nest and Eggs of North American Birds.

3. Foreign Birds Eggs.

4. Taxidei'mists Instruments and Supplies.

5. Artificial Glass Eyes for Birds and Mammals.

6. Artificial Leaves for Taxidermists.

7. Oologists Instruments and Supplies.

8. Eutoinologists Instruments and Supplies.

9. Botanists Instruments and Supplies.

10. Mi.'^cellaneous Scientific Instruments.

11. Scientifically Prepared Kird Skins.

12. Original Plates from Audubon's "Birds of America."

13. Collection of Bonks and Publications devoted to Natural History.

14. Shells — from a showy or commercial standpoint.

15. Of Scientific Shells, we exhibited only the single family — Helicido'. 'Of this
family we exhibited specimens of over 800 species which was by far the best dis-
play of the family at the Exposition. \We could have made a display of over
10,000 species of Scientific shells — eclipsing that of any Government or Establish-
ment— but our space and time would not permit.

At our CHICAGO STORE we had and will have until May 1st the largest
stock of material in our line ever offered tor sale west of our Headquarters in
New York.

100

THE OOLOGIST.

"■S?"^,

Taxidermist

and dealer in

Glass Eyes,

Taxidermist's
Tools and Supplies,

Naturalist's
Tools and Supplies,
Native and Foreign

Birds' Skins,

Naturalist's Books,

Native and Foreign

Birds' Eggs.

-I-INSECT-I-PINS-I-

KLAEGER. standard make ; bright or japanned.

Sizes No. 00 to 5 in papers of 500 each; No. 6 and larger, 250 each. Sent post-
paid to any part of the United States and Canada at $1.05 per thousand in origi-
nal packages, at $1.25 in broken lots.

O AR LSB ADE R . Bright or japanned, same price as for KLAEGER'S.

ENGLISH. Short, for Micro- Lepidoptera, per half ounce, $1.52 postpaid.
(about 1450 in a package.)

SHEET PEAT. I x 4xl2, 53 cents per dozen, postpaid; $3.50 per gross.
Express extra.

To colleges and other parties ordering in large quantities, I request the privilege
of naming special rates.
Send 5 cent stamp for 78 page Catalogue, containing over 150 illustrations.

Postal card requests ^vill not be noticed.

M. ABBOTT FRAZ^AR,

THE OOLOGIST.

IQl

Artificial Animal

Headsfor Fur Rugs,

Raw Animal Skins,

Heads and Antlers

for mounting.

Fly Tiers, Feathers

Supplies, and

Buyer of Raw Fur.

EGG DRILLS

No 1, 3-32 inch burr, 6 inch handle $ 25

No. 2, 5-32, "
No. 3, 6-32, "
No, 4, 8-32, "
No. 5, 12-32,"
No. 6, 16-32,"

35^
50)

75
1 00
1 50

No. 7, cheaper, good for all fresh eggs 15

^SS^ in Sets and Singles Wanted in Exchange.

93 SUDBURY STREET, BOSTON, MASS.

102

THE OOLOGIST.

NATURALIST'S SUPPLY DEPOT

Send 10 cents for our Complete Catalogue of
Supplies, Tools, Eyes, Books, Pins,
Cork, Drills.

HBT'Tanning Liquor,

Birds' Eggs, Land and Marine Cur-
ios, and a sample copy of The Ornitholo-
gist and Oologist.

FRANK B. W EBSTIiR CO.,

HYDE PARK, M/VSS.

When answering advertisements
always mentionthe "OOLOGIST."

.^.Agents
^^ ^Wanted

H.H.Ballard, 162. Pittsfield, Mass.

mam

Pronipily secured. Trade-Marks, Copyrights
and Labels refiistered. Twenty-flve years ex-
perience. We report whether patent can be
seemed or not, free of ch.-irce. Our fee not duo
until patent is allowed. 32 page Book Free.
H. B. WILLSON & CO.. Attorneys at Law.

0pp. U. S. Pat. Office. WASHINGTON. D. C.

Taxidermy and Zoological Collecting.

A Complete Hand-book of 362 pages for the Amateur Taxidermist, Collector,

Osteologist, Museum Builder, Sportsman and Traveler.

• Illustrated with 24 Plates and 85 Text Pictures.

By ^VILLIAM T. HORNAD^Y

[For Eight Years Chief Taxidermist of the U. S. National Museum.]

It goes without saying that this is the best work in the market for the use of the
Naturalist, since the author is at the head of his profession, and he has spared no
time nor trouble to make the book complete.

It not only covers all the ground as a text-book for the beginner, but any Taxi-
dermist will be repaid by a perusal of its pages, aud once read, it will lie on the
work bench, as a companion to the scissors and skinning knife, for it is as indis-
pensible to one who desires to be a WORKMAN, as the framework of the speci-
men itself.

F*F?^IOE. S2.50.
F. H. LATTIN & CO., ALBION, N. Y.

MIAQARA KALLS.

Hundreds of the Eeaders of the OoLOGfST visit Niagara annually
and they always make it a point to ^dsit

TUGBY'S NEW MUSEUM.

This new museum is located on Fails street, only a le v steps from R.
R. DejDots — Electric car line passes its en trance — and rc^upies a new
three story building, A\'hich cost thousands of dollars to build and fill —
Among the hundreds of attractions within wdll be found a large and
magnificent collection of Birds and the largest collection of bieds
EGGS in a Pubhc Museum in the State. It is a well known fact the
World over that TUGBY of Niagara Falls, N. 1. is Headquartees for
EVEEYTHiNG in the CuEio, Specimen, Novelty or Souvenir line pertain-
ing to Niagara.

THE OOLOGIST.

103

Sliding Calipers! All^Sizes & Graduations.

Vernier and Metric or French System.

,#r'ffi.7;

ij.i.i..i;E;>:iL^L.,a.L:i....i..Hr^ liQ 1 O5I SIS !

If you care to save time ancV meas-
ure yoxir specimens accurate, get

one of my 4 inch Sliding Calipers. with

hardened jaws.U^ in. long, graduated in 1-100 of
an inch. Sent registered to any part of the U. S.
for %-i.7*). 6 inch seniles graduated in 1 liXlths and
mm.— TJS cts.

Send for one to

E. G. SMITH. Columbia, Pa.

Reference, the Editors The Oologist.

The above tools are first-class in every re-
spect and WARRANTED ACCURATE (Liberal
inducements to agents. )

BIRDS EOGS

mi

^ TAMP fb«

IllustraiTed Catalog. A^V; . \

^EMainSt. WORCESTER. MASSJ^^

book:s onsr

The Mound Builders

THEIR WORK AND RELICS

By Rev Stephen D Peet Ph D

Editor of the American Antiquarian, Chicago.Ill

This book contains 370 pp., 300 illus.,
is bound in green and gold uniform
with "Animals, E^ffigies, Myths and
Symbols. ■■ It is the only complete
work on the subject and has taken
many years in preparation. Price $3 oO
or with the American Antitiuarian for
'94. $0.00, regular price $7. .50.

You Show the Klip

It Sells Itself; and

the enormous commission
attracts and retains the
best Agents.

Ballard. 162. Pittsfield, Mass.

H. H,

SEA SHELLS, Coral. Minerals,
Birds' Eggs, and Skins. Fossils,
Naturalists' Supxjlies. Taxidermy,
Catalogue, 2c. C. F. CARR, New
London, Wi.s.

SRND FOR IT" !

(froMPOUND Oxygen- Its Mode of Action and
V Results."— is the title of a book of 200
pages. published by Drs. Starliey & Palen", which
gives to all iuquirei-s full information as to this
remarkable curative agent, and a record of sur-
prising cures in a wide range of chronic cas s—
many of them after being abandoned to die by
other physicians. Will be mailed free to any
address on application.

DRS. STARKEY & PALEN,

1529 Arch St., Phila., Pa. 120 Sutter St., S. Fran'co. Cal.

Please mention this paper.

Do You

Collect

IndianRelics?

If so. you should .subscribe for

The ARCHi^OLOGIST,

a large illustrated monthly magazine, devoted
to ArchiBolog.v and kindred subjects. It also
contains a large Collector's Department, where
all intelligent students and collectors can dis-
cuss relics and obtain information. Subscrii)-
tion $1 a year. Single copies 10 cents. Address

Ttie Archaeologist,

TVaterloo, Ind.

For protecting and preserving all Metals from
Rust or Pits. It prevents Pits in Shot Guns,
Rifles and Revolvers. It's a peculiar compound.
Does not drip, never gums. Sold Every-
where. 1 Dram Sample Tube Free,
to all who mention the OoLotwsT.

CHARLES WILLEY MFR.,

BAY SHORE.

L. I.. N. Y.. U. S. A.

GAMELAND.

1 the sportsman-natui'alist's
illustrated magazine, ■ is
reiKl liy 40.000 lovers of the
i'oods. the waters, the mountains and
I the fields. Its "Bird Notes"by Ernest
Van Campen are famous. It is authen-
tic and practical, yet interesting to
' the household. Yearly, *l : with The
Ooi.oGiST. $1 .'.'"). Three trial numbers,
cents. No free copies. Charles
Bradford, Publisher, 1267 Broad way.New Xpi'k.

Revolvers,
^Rifles,

'0»-e nt Wertern'
GvLaWorkjj,Plttiib«irgh,p2*

^FINF<^ Nets,Tentsand

*--' ^- * ' ^ *— *^f SPORTIN© GOpjpS.

l-;very descrlpt Ion of (inns. Revolvers, Aminu-
nlMon and Sjxjrrliig (ioodsat very lowest prices.
We have something of Interest to ;/(»/.

When answering advertisements
always mention the "OOLOGIST."

104

THE OOLOGIST.

^^^ 400

SPECIES

Minerals

Cheyenne River Fossils

Arro"w^ and Spear Points from
eveiy state, obtainable in any quality
and quantity from 5 cts. to $2 each, sent
on selection.

Mound Relics, Alaska and
Soutb iSea Relics.

\Vestern Indian Costumes
and Weapons, Indian Photos.

Mineral Je^velry and Novel-
ties, Aluminum Goods.

Send for large price catalogue.

Collectors, Schools and Dealers sup-
plied.

Black Hills Natural History Estab-
lishment of

L. W. STILWELL,

Deadwood, South Dakota

B

THE LITTLE GIANT BOOK-KEEPER.'"

OOK-KEEPING AT A GLANCt.

BvExrFiiT J. T. BRIERLEY.

A SlMl'LE ANI> ( 'ONXISE METHOD OF

Practical Book-Kfeping, with In-
structions for the proper keeping of
Books of Accounts and Numerous Ex-
planations and Forms, showing: an
EntireSet of Books based upon Ac-
tual Transactions; IIOW to take
off a trial italame kheet: and fi-
NALLY Close AND Balance ACCOUNTS.
Equation of Payments; CATECHISM
OF ROOK KEF.PL"<<i being conversation
between teacher and student. etc.. etc.

Containiner 14* pages, size 6 x sin.
The illustration givesan exact idea

of the FtTle of tliis elegant work.

Pound in' Leatherette. Price 50 Cts.

Russia. Indexed. . . ■ 75 Cts.

JHE Expert CALCULATOR

A cnmpletp compendium of short
cuts in Addition. Multiplication,
Fractions, Decimals, Division, Per-
centage Interest, etc. Amusing and
Trick Arithmetic. 128 pages, size, a
X 3 leather and indexed, 50 CtS-
pXf'FISIOR Wpbsfer SPELLER
^and Definer of the English lan-
I giiage over i.i.OOO n«r(I« and defini-
tions. A speller, pronouncei and de-
finer all in one. l.ussia leather and
'indexed, postpaid 50 Cts Seal,
leatherindex, 75 Cts.
Ilbove books postp'd ..n receipt of price Agents Wanted
EXCELSIOR PUBLISHING HOUSE,

25 BeeKman Street. New York.

When answering advertisements
always mention the"OOLOGIST."

FieuRks

CIRCULAR DISTRIBUTERS WANTED

Publishers, Patentees. Manufacturers, etc.,
are daily requesting u.s to supply the addresses-
of reliable circular distributors, bill posters,
etc. Brunn's success is marvelous, and will ,
open up In 200.000 Agents Heralds next issue,
to be mailed to business men. new, profitable-
and permanent employment to one man, woman,
or youth In every town and hamlet in the U. S.
and Canada. "The early bird catches the
worm." We want a few such ads. as Brunn'*
(sample below) to start with in this month's-
Mammoth edition of Agents Herald.

BRIIMM N^ils ^P signs, distributes clrcul-
nUnil ars, papers, samples. etc., through-
out Blackhawk and surrounding counties-
only $3,00 per 1000. Address, W.H.BRUNlSr
Waterloo, la,

Brunn paid $2. -JO to insert above 4 lines. June
'90. He began during the summer. That ad.
paid then ; is jjoying yet. He has been kept con-
stantly busy, employs three men to assist him.
clearing on their labor from $10 to $15 a day
distributing circulars at $3.00 per lOoO for many
firms who saw his ad. in The Herald. It
costs every firm at least $10 in postage alone to
mail 1000 circulars. A saving to each Arm who
employ you of $7 per 1000. Ten firms may each
send you 1000 at the same time, making 1000
packages of 10 each, for distributing which you
would promptly receive $30. 15 in advance and
$15 when work is done. Parents make your
boy a present. Start them in this growing bus-
iness. Begin this neat biisiness btfore some
one in your county gets the start of you. "Come
in on the ground floor." Instructions How to
Conduct the Business, Free to each distributor
ONLY, who sends us $2.40 cash or postage
stamps for a 4 line "ad."

AGENT'S HERALD,
No. 171 South 8th Street, Philada., Pa.

For Instance,

if you want to bind separate
sheets of paper, snap on a Klip.
Trial dozen. 75c. Price-list,
free. Agents Wanted-

H, H. BALLARtJ,

163, PITTSFIELD, MASS.

PRIMTIMP ^^ ^^^ kinds for Naturalists a

inlll I inU speciality. Note and letter
heads, envelopes, circulars, illustrated cata-
logues for natural history dealers. Have hun-
dreds of engravings of natural hist<:)ry speci-
mens. Write for estimates. 100 envelopes print-
ed, 4.5c. noteheads same price, postpaid. C. F,
CARR. Job Printer, New London, Wis. tf

TTVVy A VQ If you want any of those extra,
XXLcvXiO. heavy alligator covered
square trays, such as we had in our exhibit at
the World's Fair (which you and other collec-
tors thought the "slickest" tray for the purpose
ever made) we can spare a few thousand— any
size from 3 in.x3 in. to 8 in.x 8 in. We will ship
by express at ■< our expense In well assorted
nests at $1.00 pe ;100. or $10.00 per 1000. Or, if
you order sp« ial sizes and do not leave the
assortment to us. they will cost you $1.50 per
100 or $15.00 per 1000

Not less than 100 lots sold, and at our prices,
are less than cost.

We can furnish Sin x3in..4in.x4 in., 5 In. x5 in.,
6.inx6in., 7in,x7in. and 8in.x Sin.

Order Quick if you want any of the World's
Fair Travs. F. H. LATTIN. & CO. .3571 Cottage
Grove Ave., CHICAGO, ILLS.

THE OOLOGIST.

104a (121)

QUEEN & CO., INCD,

MANUFACTURERS OF

MICROSCOPES,

AND OTHER SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS.

1010 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA.
MAGNIFYING GLASSES.

(A Superior Achromatic Triplet Pocket Lens for $5.00.)
BOTANICAL COLLECTING CASES.
PLANT PRESSES

(Newest Designs. Quite Inexpensive.)
SHEET CORK.

'XHEl ACME. MIGROSGOPKS.

Microscopic Books, Objects, Supplies, and Mounting Materials.

l^°SEND FOUR STAMPS for new (79th) edition of our Microscopical Catalogue
B. It contains hints on the use and care of the microscope and reference tables of
considerable value.

A sample copy of the MICROSCOPICAL BULLETIN will be sent free if you
mention this advertisement. Opera Glasses for Bird Study.

Our Chautaupa Shell Collection

Thirty-three Large and Showy Shells For only $2.00 — less than
one-third usual prices.

From our large assortment of beautiful phells we have selected 33 species of the more desir-
able varieties. All are correctly and scientifically labeled and are very handsome. The follow-
ing is an exact list of the shells "in this collection and the prices quoted are the ones at which
each are usually retailed.

1. Murex ramosus

Zanzibar $ 25

2. Murex brandaris

Naples %,.... 15

3. Murex regius

Panama 25

4. Murex princeps

Panama 25

5. Buccinum undatum

Florida 25

6. Ebuma Japonica

Japan 35

7. Voluta vespertilio

Singapore 25

8. Mttra episcopalis

Singapore 20

«. Oliva inflata

Singapore 15

10. Oliva litterata

Florida 15

11. Conus (variety)

East Indies 25

12. Strombus lentlginosus 23.

Zanzibar 15

13. Strombus accipitrinus 24

West Indies 25

14. Pterocera lambis 25.

Philippines 25

15. Aporrhais pespellcani 26.

Mediterranian 10

16. Cypraea caput-serpentis 27.

Ceylon 10

17. Cypraea caurica 28.

Ceylon 10

18. Cyprsea \ntellu3 29.

Ceylon 15

19. Cyprsse moneta 30.

Ceylon 10

20. Cypraea tigris 31.

Australia . 15

21. Blued Cowry (C. tigris, 32.

Decorticated) 15

22. Cypriea lynx 33.
Singapore 15

Cassis rufa
Zanzibar 25

Turrittella duplicata..

Ceylon 25

Nerita peleronta

West Indies 10

Hallotis Iris

Japan 25

Helix (Acavus) melan-

otragus, Ceylon 20

Asaphis coccinea

Bahamas 15

Tellina radiata

Bahamas 15

LiUcina (Codalsia) tig-

rlna. West Indies ... 25
Tridacna (Hippopus)

maculata, E. Indies. 20
Pecten irradians

Mass 10

Pecten maxlmus

German Ocean

25
$6.30

The Shells In this collection. In size, will range from one to five inches. They are of all
colors and from all parts of the world. At ordinary prices, for scientifically labeled shells, they
sell at an average of 20 cents each. One valve only of No's 31, 32 and .33 are in the collection-
Other bivalves include both valves. This collection is carefully packed in a light box and sent by
express at the purchaser's expense. For only 12.00, or prepaid for 50 cents additional.

F. H. LATTlN & CO., ALBION, N. Y.

104b (122)

THE OOLOGIST.

If

THE CELEBRATED

Victor" Carpet Stretcher.

ACTIVE

AGENTS

WANTED, fl PRICE

500,000 Now in Use.

Warranted not to injure the finest Carpet. It holds the Carpet with about 120
fine teeth thus orasping so much surface that there is no danger of tearing. Is
simple in 'construction; manufactured from the best materials; it is durable.
The leverage is so great that it requires but little muscular exertion to strain the
Carpet to any desired tension on the floor. , ,,.

SEE ONE, BUY ONE, and save yourself the untold misery of putting down a
Carpet by hand, thus saving lame "backs, sore fingers and .valuable time, when
vou can purchase a "Victor" for the small price of $1.00. _

Students and Teachers. Here is a rare chance to increase your revenue
during vacation, by selling the '-Victor." ., ^ ^, ^^ , .

Now is the Time. Do not delay until after the house cleaning season is
over Now is the time to make big money! Order a sample "Victor" Carpet
Stretcher and you will be astonished to see how quick you can sell a dozen from

this Sample. . <^ , , • ^ « a,i aa /-n

I will send you a Sample "Victor" Carpet Stretcher upon receipt of $1.00 (Ex-
press charges Prepaid by me). Write for Prices and Terms to Agents.

Address, C. M. MALLORY, M'f r..

Mention The Oologist. ALBION, ORLEANS CO., N. Y.

THE OOLOGIST.

104c (133)

Second Hand Books.- We will give at
all times good excbansre f'^r secoad-Uand copies
of auy book we offer tor sale. We desire at once
good copies of "A. O. U. Check-List " and Batrd,
Brewer and Rldgewav's "History or N. A. Birds"
— bor.ti "Laad" and '-Water Birds." F. H. LAT-
TIN & CO, Albion N. y.

STEAM COOKER FREE!

TUe 'iVlumpU cooker with lock
cover, win cook Meats, Fish. Veget-
ables, Beans, Brown Bread, Fnilt,
Custards, &c, without odor. Flt«
any size stove, coal, wood, oil or gas.
Having Iron base, It Is better and
cheaper tlian a tin cooker. We send
one cooker free with Agent's first
Enclose two cent stamp to TheHart-

Our ''Special" Mineral Collection.

order.

ford Hollov^' Ware Co., B. 673, Hartford, Conn.

AN UNPARALLELED OFFER

pll INSTAHTANEOUS. Illl

I Photography

i aoCHEMICALS REQUIRED
I DIDECTIONS.
• LOOK HTENHY IHTO TUC CAMERA
I FOR TEN SECONOS.THtN OUICKLV
JWITHDRAWTHE SHUTTER AND
'likeness WILL APPEAR.

Any person sending
us 12c. before May 1st
we will in order to close
out our goods send
prepaid the following
articles, viz:

Mexican Resurrection
plant, Instantan e o u s
Pbotograpb Camera
(will be sold separately
for only 5c.) 2 Japanese
Napkins, 1 Japan e s e
Envelope, 1 leaf from
Japanese Book, 1 pkg.
Scrap Pictures, 10 var-
ieties ofForeignStamps
Coupon good for 25c. on
an order of $1.00 or over.
The entire package
will be sent you by re-
turn mail, prepaid for
only 12c.

We have in stock a lot of desirable novelties
agd as we are going out of the novelty business
will sell our surplus at Vj price. Send stamp
at once for catalogue and list lo/ stock on hand.

CURIO NOVELT^Y GO-

Gaines, Orleans Co,, N. Y.

MARIHN^f^^^

Made la all styles and Bizea. Lightest, |
I strongest, easiest ■working, safest, simplest,
most accurate, most comp.iot, and most I
I modern. For sale by all dealers in arms. |

Catalogues mailed free by

Tho Marlin Firs Arms Co.,

New Haven, Conn-,, U. S. A.

,P^^ TRIFLE,

Iscomposedof •''12 DiflerentMlnerals, from dif-
ferent parts of the World.-' And ,,wlll be sent
prepaid for ; .. ,

ONLY 95 GT?.

The lollowlng minerals a,rfe found In this col-
lection, viz: Actlnollce, Moss Agate. Alabaster,
Alblte, Argentiferous Galena, Asbestos, Asphal-
tum, Smoky Quartz. < alpire, Calc Spar. Cannel
coal, Catllnlte, chalcedony, Chalcopyrlte, co-
qutna, cryolite, Hornstone (Chert.), Galenlte,
Auriferous Pyrites, Gypsum, Lignite. LlmonIt«,
Magnetise, Fosslllferous Marble, .Milky Quartz,
Obsidian, Wood Opal, Petrified Wood. Muscovite,
Porphyry, Pyrites, Kose Q.uartz, Satin ispar,
Selenlte, serpentine, Talc, Varlsrlte, WavelUte,
Lithographic stone, Lepldollte, Crlnoidal Lime-
stone. Haliie, ElcEOllte, Nurtailte, Leopardite,
Marmolite, Beryl, Diabase, Scapoiite, Feldspar,
Lln^ula sandstone.

The specimens In this collection are not chlp-
plngs that are usually sent out In low-prljed
collections, but are good specimens that will
average nearly i in. x i In. each, properly labeled
and wrapped separately.

Hundreds of our Mineral Collections have been
sold during the past few years. Many Teachers
of our Schools and Colleges purchase them by
the dozen for use In their Geology class. In
every Instance they have given the best of satls-
fac'lon.

The foUovylng Is from a party who has pur-
chased between 25 and 30 collections: "Ship me
twelve collections of the student's Mineral Col-
lection by express C. O. D. All were pleased
with the other lot. Yours truly, S. J. F., Leban-
on, O."

The entire collection will be sent prepaid for
only 95 cts. Address.

F. H. LATTIN & CO..

ALBION, N. Y., OR

35/1 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago.

FLAMINGO SKINS.

We have doubtless the finest lot of
skins of these elea^aut birds ever
brought into U. S. Iilvery one is per-
fect and guaranteed to please. Prices
range from $8 to $15, according to brill-
iancy of plumage or from $15 to $25 per
pair, the latter figure being for the
finest selected specimens.

F. H. LATTIN &C0.
3571 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, Ills.

104«i (124)

THE OOLOGIST.

New Standard Catalogue

OF

f^orth /\merican ^irds ^ggs

COMPILED BY

FRANK H. LATTIN,

Assisted by Capt. Chas. E. Ben(Hre,

J. Parker Norris. E.'>q , rind

the l(di. Cit.pt B. F. Oo^s.

ft gives ilie <'omnion and scientific name of
■^very North Am^ iIchu Bird according to the
A. O. U. NomwnclaMire. It al-^o gives the A. O.
IJ. Numbers as well as those of both roues' and
Rldgeway. and last but not l^ast It gives the
■value ot eegs of nearly every species, over one
iundred of »\ lil^h never appeared on any print-
ed list before.

It Is not a personal catalogue of any one
Dealer or Collector, as there Is not a Collector
In the entire World who has or could lurnlsh
all the spt'cles whose values are given, and
there Is not a Dealer who could fuinlsh over
from 50 to 7.T per cent of the speeds priced.

Price 35 cents per copy. 3 copies for $1.00.

F. H LATTIN & CO. Albion, N. Y.

Davie's Naturalist's Manual-

In '85 we editorially mentioned this
T30ok as follows, —

"Atr. Oliver Davie of Columbus, Ohio has our
thanks for sample copies ot his Naturalist's Man-
ual, it Is a neat little work, and well merits the
-attention of our oologlcal friends The work is
intended especially for the young naturalist.
Mr. D. gives liistructlohs for colleci mg and pre-
serving blids, eggs, nests, and Insects and tor
the benetit of the oologlst he has compiled, from
leadln.^ sclentiHc works artescrlptlon ot the nests
and eggs of American Birds from the Thrushes
to the Tanagers, Inclusive (No. i to 1H4 Rldge-
way's Nomeucl iture) to which he has added orig-
inal notes on the species with which he Is lamll-

The -'Naturalist's Manual" can be obtained by
.addressing Mr. D. Price, paper covers, ".i cents."

The book was published at 75 cts per
•copy and was worth the money. It
contains 180 jjages, illustrated.

In ad'(itii>n to points mentioned
above, it contains paragraphs or chap-
ters on the lollowing: —

Cabinets. Choice of Guns and Ammu-
nition, Measuring Speciuieus,Arseuical
Solution, Skinning Birds, Sewing Wings
in Proper Place, Filling Skins, Drying
Board, Removing Blood and Grease
from Skins, Rendering Feathers Insect
Proof, How to Soften Dry Skins, Mount-
ing Birds, (well illustrated), Recipes for
Preserving Small Birds Entire, Glue for
Feathers, Arsenical Soap, Anneal Iron
Wire, To make Artilical Rocks and
Branches, etc, etc.

We have purchased all the copies left
of this valuable work and until May 1st
will mail you a copy for Only 25 cts.
F. H. Lattin & Co., Albion, N. Y.

BSTABLISHBD IN 1873.

CHAS. K. WORTHEN,

Naturalist and Taxidermist, Warsaw, Ills-

Also dealer in Bird and Mammal Skins, and
Geodes, new and rare species of North Ameri-
can Birds a specialty. Enclose stamp for prin-
ted catalogue. Desideratas for many of the
rarer species filled ou short notice. Refer to
any of the more prominent Ornithologists, Col-
lectors and Institutions In the United States.

u

BIRDS of MICHIGAN

By A. J. COOK.

n

A list of three hundred and thir-
ty-two (332) birds, 150 pages.

WELL ILLUSTRATED.

Profuse notes. Bibliography complete.
It is in fact a work on the Birds of the Great
Lake Region, and will interest every Ornithol-
ogist in America.

Price, Postpaid, '75 cents.

Address
F. E. LATTIN & CO., Albion, N. Y.

Davie's Nests and Eggs

North AMERICAN birds

Re-Written and Greatly Enlarged, with an

Introduction by J. Parker Norris, and Full

Page Illustrations of Nests, etc., by

Theodore Jasper, A. M., M. D.

and W. Otto Emerson.

This work is descriptive of the Nests and Eggs
of the Land and Water Birds of North America,
which Includes all the species known to exist—
those that occur or are Indigenous north of the
Southern United States boundary. Including
Greenland and the peninsula of Lower California.

The breeding ran^e of each species Is given,
the time of uebting, the exact number or eggs
laid, their color and size together with the chief
characteristics of the bird.

The arrangement of the work is according to
the nomenclature of the A. O. U. fode and
Check List, and the old numbers (Rldgeway's)
as used in former editions, are placed to the
rlghtor each species. Throughout the text all
the common names of the birds are to be found,
and a oomplkte anal\'tic/>l index of these Is
given.

An Invaluable book as an aid for the Identlfl-
catlon of specimens to all those collecting in the
field.

The work consists of 4T5 pages and 12 full page
lUustratloiiS.

Paper Edition, $1.25; Cloth $1.75.

F.H. Lattin* Co., Albion, N.Y.

THE OOLOGIST.

I<i4e (125)

The Best Work on Ornithology for
the Mississippi Valley, foKthe price
ever published, is the

HISTORY

OF THE

Birds of Kansas.

By Col. N. S. Goss.

Col. Goss WIS a Itre-lODgr Naturalist: an enthus-
iast In his chosen study of Ornlthologry; a mem-
ber ot the Council of the American Ornithologi-
cal Union, and a recognized authority on his
chosen subject.

The G'^s Ornithological Collection Is solely the
work ol this author. Each specimen has been
obtained and preserved by his own eCforrs, and
the entire collection— which Is one of the largest
in the country, the result ot one man's exerilons
—has been presented to the State of Kansas, and
la on exhibition in a room in the 8fate Hnu.se set
apart by law for that purpose and his entire time
ajid fortune was d^oted to its perfection: long
and expensive trips were annually made to In-
crease the collection.

The book is handsomely bound in full-cloth,
with gold embossed back and sides. There are
693 pages, besides the photogravure Illustrations
of 529 birds. 343 species and sub-species are fully
described— special attention being given to tlieir
nests and eggs.

This valuable work was published at $T.50. but
by special arrangement with the publishers we
are now able to offer it at the

Reduced Price of
Only ^600 per Copy,
Prepaid

F. H. Lattin&Cc, Albion. N. Y.

Prank H* Isattin,

Walter P Webb,

(BpECI Ivl ETNS, InSTRU MENT&' Su PPLI ES,

■ ' f\HD PUBUCkTVOHS 70.R THt NATURfcUST.

THE YOUNG NATURALIST'S

a 1 Huiamwtioi

t Ckid MiTuw

t 25 *Br. For«igii Stampa

, 4 8ao Shell, Nu
; S SUrfbh, Ckjp« Cod. Mmk. i
0 Bkrk from Cork-Trae, 8p*lB
U • "
Q
9 CUiMM Ctm
to Tuk Bhall. W. I.

11 Orpupipc Coni. flliigipB^^

12 Cjfpma ufttx, Sisgftpof*
la Crpna Mooh, Aabote*
14 Oigiraa ArmMea, E. L

17 Brown-butdad Be* Bmd. **-*-""T

18 8cm« SbeU, Chhw

19 Bnaek Conl, HihiriM

to Arrovbead. Otuijs 0<x, Tti^T*

91 Acorn Buwtcta, PMtAe

«2 Rose Conl, BahunM

t3 QawU CrriUl. Hot Spftaf^ Ark.

16 Hoo^ Comrf.Ct^loi

r BtoodTtooth fihaU. KtMM
I Foanl BhMrk Tooth, a C.

t OpocaloiD or BboU Door, ]

> NfttiTs Zjodaitoiia, Mf f« Conk *Ai
I OIit«Sb«n. Zftnsbv'
I 6 Oaise* P«m, B^^.>p^^
I Pieo* of Lootsh. Jftpwo

Uvea of H»M^n Um.

FRANK H. LATTIN,

rtMithrr of "TEDB OOLOeiaTJ^ •

8p«cls«Bi. lutrnsMBU, SsppllM Ig^

TiUlutlou fgr till VttuillfW

Albion, N. Y.

aroB

elder OB« will ftppradato ito B
W« wiD a«s<l th« umra OoU«cdoab; rf^araaaA. emcti fpocimw Ub«l. AUT v AC /mQ
^ • AQtl vnppedMp«nl«l^«^«4dfa«nr(M4aaC4teCu7npMirantMd^for vflul Ovvli^
Addnv ptoiBlT. TBABX H. LATTIir. AUnOV. m. T.

DUNKIRK "WAGON COMPArnT,

Patented May 6, 1890.

Grape, Peach, Orange, Banana, Pine Apple, Road Wagons & Light Drays.

AGENTS WANTED. SEND FOR CIKCULAKS.

Also the most durable Chikls' Express Wag-on on the Market.

104f (126)

THE OOLOGIST.

USE PRINTED STATIONERY.
vv ell prinif'Cl Stadouery custss 111 lie or uo more
than plain paper and its advantages are man}-.
We furnish stock, print, and deliver free of
charge, as follows:

Envelopes, son. $i 50; looo. f-z.so: 100, 40 cents.
Letter Heads, r^oo. $\..f>0: lOOO. $2.s0: lOO. 40 cents.
Business or Visiting Cards. 500, $1.25; lUOO, $2.00;
100. .=toc.

FOR ONE DOLLAR. As aspeclal offer
to Introduce our ^l^lllllug, to all who will mention
the OoLOGisT and enclose $1.00, with copy, we'll
send ]i!0 Envelopes. H'O Letter Heads and lOO
C'ardsfor only $l.oo postpaid. OurolHcels fully
equipped for the production of Stationery, Cata-
logues, Pamphleis, Books. Posters &c, and our
prices are the lowest. Enclose stamp for rock
bottom figures on any job printing you may
want. Adaress. A. M. EDDY. Albion, N. Y.

The OoLOGiST Is from our presses.

The World's Fair Eggs.

We have left about one-half the eegs that we
•exhibited— mentioned in Jan. Oologist as ex-
hibited by "F. H. L. & Co."— at the World's
Fair. Inmost cases these were the only esgs
of the species ever within the bounds of Jack-
son Parlv and consequently the only ones at the
World's Fair.

If you can use any of these eggs at not less
and perhaps at a slight advance over regular
rates we would be pleased to have your list of
■wants at earliest possible date and we will
quote ym lowest cash price for the ones we
hive left. With each set we will give a written
guarantee that it was the identical one we ex-
hibited at the World's Fair.

Address all letters referring to the "Exhibit"
eggs to Albion, N. Y.

F. H. LATTIN & CO.

INSECT DEPOT.

FOf?, SA.l_iH3.

Large and Show-y Butterflies, Moths. Beetles
and all orders of Insects from all parts of the
World. Coccoons. and Chrysalides. Inflated
larvEe and fertilized ova. Speciality made in
eggs for Silk culture, Indian. Chinese and Am-
erican species, full directions given how to
raise them successfully. Also in stoc'it 400
species of mounted birds in pairs. Birds skins,
birds' eggs in clutches— from North America
and Europe. Will take in exchange rare Amer-
ican Butterfles. JVIof-'S atid Beetles. Coccoons
and Chrysalides, also the larger birds eggs in
sets. Will give rare singles for sets. We car-
ry the largest .stoi'f: of prepared Insects in the
United States and c m furnish any species till
now discovered . Entomological Supplies. Send
10 cents in stamps for full Lists. No attention
paid to Postals.

Address.

PROF. CARL BRAUN,

Naturalist,
BANGOR, MAINE, U. S A

When answering advertisements
always mention the "OOLOGIST."

WE WILL give specimens of any kind, adver-
tising space in the Oologist. and for extra good
offers anything we offer tor sale or possibly
CASH lor tirst-cl^ss Indian Relics, or lor new or
2d hand books on Natural History, in good condi-
tion, ornltholog /■ or oology preferred— a set of
the '-Natural Hlstorv of New York" and copies of
"Coues' Key" especially desired. F. H. LATTIN
& CO Albion. N. Y.

ORDERLY PEOPLE

^_ bind their papers as they come,
IJg by "KLIPPING" them.

Trial dozen, 7.5c . Agents want-
ed. Price-list free. Covers to
order .

H. H. Ballard, 162, Pittsfield. Mass.

WANTED. -2d hand copies of eliher "Coues'
Key" or -Kldgway's Manual" will give cash or
exchange. WrUe stating condition, edition,
and best terms. F. H. LATTIN & CO., AlDloa,

N. Y.

Back Numbers of the

OOLOGIST

Should j'ou desire back numbers to complete
your file, now is the time to purchase. You
can never obtain them for less money and possi-
bly not at any price, as our stock ranges from
only b to 50 copies of an issue.

We have just issued a descriptive price list of
every number published to date. Send 2 cents
for a copy.

FOR ONLY $4.50 CASH ^e will send
by return mail a copy of every issue published —
Nos. 1 to 100 inclusive.

FOR ON LY 50c, we will send apackage of
twenty (2Ui all back numbers, our selection.

FOR ON LY $ I .00 ^e will send a package
of forty (40; back numbers, all different, our se-
lection.

Our price for back Nos. of the Young Oolo-
gist and Oologist in volumes, are as follows:

Vol. I. YOUNG Oologist, Nos. 1 to 12 S 6a

•• II. " " " 1.S& 14 15

"III. TheOolooist, " 15 to 20 40

••IV. " " " 21to2.5-i.'6 40

•• V. " '■ " 27 to 38 60

"VI. •• •• •' 39 to 50 60

•VII. " •• ' 51 to 62 60

"VIII. •• " " 63 to 74 50

•• IX. '• •' " 75 to 86 80

"X. " " " 87 to 98 70

BOUND VOLUMES.

Can be furnished, strongly bound in cloth and
boards, as follows :

Vol. I, Y'OUNG Oologist $ 85

"II. " " and Vol. Ill The

OoLOGiST.hound in one volume. only 75
" IX. The OOLOUIST for '92. 298 pages <>f
valuable and instructive Oological
andOrnithological matter with many

full page illustrations ONLY 1 00

Or if you order the three volumes at one time,
we will send them by return mail for only $2.35.
Every student of birds, their nestn and eggs
should have these three volumes in their library
The valuable information they contain, is
worth many times the price. Address

F. H. LATTIN & CO.,
Albion, N. Y.

THE 05LOGIST. 104g (127)

Manual of North American Birds.

Eor the Naturalist and Sportsman. Containing Concise Description of every
Species of Bird known in North America, and Illusti-ated by 425 Outline Cuts of
the Generic Characters. By Robert Ridgeway, Curator Department of Birds,
U. S. National Museum.

The object of the present volume is to furnish in a convenient manual of North
Amei'ica Ornithology, reduced to the smallest compass, by the omission of every-
thing that is not ibsolutely necessary for determining tlie character of any given
specimen, and including.besides the correct nomenclature of each species, a state-
ment of its natural habitat, and other concomitant data.

Originally pi'ojected by Professor Spencer F. Baird, and based essentially upon
the grand national cabinet of American Birds which his energy, ability, and
enthusiasm have developed from an unpretentious nucleus into a collection un-
rivaled in extent and wholly unique in scientific value, this work may be consid-
ered as in a measure, the consumation of a plan conceived by that illustrious nat-
uralist, whoseworks represent the highest type of s^ystematic ornithology, and
have furnished the model from which the younger generation of ornithologists
have drawn their inspiration.

This "Manual of North American Birds" will serve as a handy book for the
Spoi'tsman and traveller, as well as for the resident naturalist.

Libary Edition. Large 8vo. Bound in cloth. $7.50. Sportsman's Edition.
Crown 8vo. Bound in leather, $7.50. Send stamp for sample pages.

F. H. LATTIN & CO., Albion, N. Y.

OUR "BARREL^" COLLEOTION

OR

SHOWY SHeL>L/S

For only 120 you secure a complete "lay out" whicli will retail for $.50..

This stock of shells is put up expressly for Z»eaZ«r«, either those who have never tried shells or
ttiose right in the business. They are all cleaned and ready to put out on the counter.

We also include some marine curi.os, which always create great interest and sell well. Give
this stock a fair show, spread them out where the people c*n see them and you will want Barrel
No. 2 In short order. Here is what the barrel contains showing retail prices In parenthesis and
our net rates to the right.

6 Pink Conch (2,5) .. .. .. $ 43 0 Cones (50) $1.50

3 Green Snail (.50) .. .. .. 75 3 Mitres (15) S4

3 Turks Cap (35).. .. .. .. 44 6 Mourning Cowries (25) 30

6 .Spiders (25) .. .. .. .. 50 3 Spotted " (20) 18

6 Tiger Cowries (15) .. .. ... 40 12 Sun Shells (05) 34

6 White Murex (20) ... .. .. 37 3 E. I. Clams (1.00) 1.00

6 '• •' (50) .. .. .. 1.00 6 Ger. Land Snail (1.5) 43

3 Black Murex (a.5) .. .. .. 40 6 Strombus Vlttatus (15) 36

0 Hooked Scorpions (35) .. .. ..1.00 6 Boxes mixed shells (2.5) 50

fi Melons (.50) .. .. .. .. i.uo 1 Qt. Olive Shells (05 each) .. .. 40

6 Green Ears (35) .. .. .. .. 50 1 '• Cowries mixed (05 each)

6 Black Ears (25) .. .. .. 50 6 W. I. Starfish, large (.50)

6 Marlinspikos (,50) .. .. '1.00 iQ Atlantic " (10)

6 Magpies (25) .. .. .. .."50 3 Pacific " (85)

10 Pelican Foot (05) .. .. .. 18 1 Sea Beaver (7.5)

0 Murex trunculus (10) .. .. .. 31 1 " Biscuit (75)

3 Milk Stromba (25) .. .. • ..20 2 Sand Dollars (10)

3Kid Conch (15) .. .. .. .. 27 2 Sea Horses (2.5)

B Atl-intic Scallops (05) .. 07 6 Skate Eggs (0,5)

3 Harps, fine (35) .. .. .. 56 6 Shark '• (10)

C Japanese Eburna (2,5) .. .. .. 37

Also 6 Species of Corals worth $3.00 $20.00

F. O. B. Albion. N. Y. or Chicago. Ills, for only $20.00

We consider this lot the greatt'st bargain we ever offered for the money. Ordinarily It would
cost thirty dollars of any Shell firm but "owing to hard times" and our being overstocked we pro-
pose to ofTer shells for a limited time at .SS^^ per cent, ofi wholesale rates.

Among other Special Bargains we offer a "Star Collection" of Corals, 30 different speceimens
for $5.00 Net . Send order at once.

F. H. LATTIN & CO.,

Albion, N Y. or 3571 Cottage Grove Ave. Chicago.

60
1.20
27
37
35
a5
06
25
15
30

104h(l28)

THE OOLOGIST.

Wonderlul

Try what 10 Cents sent
H. Harte, Jeweler,

Rcchoster, N. Y-, will bring.

MCkl lAf A klTCn To take Orders. No de-
IVICll fVAPII tU hverlng or collecting.
Experience not necessary. Steady emploj'-
ment. Best terms. Write at once and secnre
choice of territory.

ALLEN NURSERY CO., Rochester, N. Y.

WE HAVE a Job Lot of gold and silver
plated charm rules, a few are slightly tarnished
We have less than 35 all told and until sold we
will mail them prepaid at the following low
rates: Silver Plated 10c, regular price 50c:
Gold Plated 1.5c., regular price 75c. F. H. LAT-
TIN & CO., Albion, N. Y.

The Worlds' Fair at Home!

Selected Photographs, printed and
mounteu ty a Professional Photogra-
pher, from 4x5 Negatives, on Bevel
Edge Gold Line Mounts 5x6 inches.

Address P. F. MARCH, Fern
Bank, Hamilton County, O.

ALLIGATOR SKINS.— We have a number
of first-class Alligator skins, made last Novem-
ber by an experienced hand. Prices prepaid
only: Fora3!'2 Gator, $3.00; 3 ft. one, $2.-50;
3!>4 ft., $3 00. Address, F. H. LATTIN & CO.,
3571 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, 111.

SAVE YOUR PAPERS.

"The KLIP Is the best thing for
the purpose I have yet seen." - J.
H. RicHAKD, Sup Schools, Webster
City, Iowa.

Samples, with keys, postpaid,
750. Covers to order. Agents
wanted. Price-list free.

Ballard. 162, Pittsfield, Mass.

H. H.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS, Asparagus Roots
and Seed Potatoes. I have choice plants of
twenty leading varieties of Strawberries. Ex-
tra Fine 3 year old roots of Barr's Mammoth,
Palmetto, and Conover's Colossal Asparagus
and Fifty selected varieties of Seed Potatoes.
Will sell at low rates, or will exchange for de-
sirable Eggs. Specimens or Books on Natural
History. FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, N. Y.

JAPANESE CURIOS.

COIN. Large Oblong Tempo .. .. 1.5c

ENVELOPES, package of 34 .. .. 15c

BOOKS on varied subjects, about 100 pages

in folded Rice Paper ' .. 35c

VEGETABLE TOOTH POWDER, box .. 10c
SKELETONS, an unique toy .. .. 10c

CHICKENS, an Easter novelty .. .. 10c
FROGS, large as genuine croakers .. 10c

JINKO BASKETS 10c

MINATURE LANTERN, 4 in lOC

BIRDS ON WHISTLES, Museum .Spec-
imens? .. 10c

TOOTH PICKS. 500 in straw box .. ..10c
LOTTERY TICKET, Chinese .. .. ,5c

CHINESE COIN, Cash 5c

Any of above sent postpaid on receipt of
price, or to close out. the entire lot for $1,00
only about 30 lots in all.

FH LATTIN & CO, ALBION, NY-

When answering advertisements
always mention the "OOLOGIST."

CHECKING LIST of North American Birds.
In April, 1893 we issued a new Checking List.
It contains the name of every North American
Bird, arranged and numbered according to A.
O. U. List as 7-evised up to date of issue,' Ridge-
way's No's are a'so given. They are giving im-
mense satisfaction; are printed on extra heavy
paper, eight pages, three foldings and will go-
nicely into an ordinary envelope. The first
two pages are left blank for correspondence or
other purposes. Sample, 2c., 12 for 20c., 100 for
$1..50. With the sample we also mail you a
sheet illustrating the different styles of "datas-
we publish. P. H. LATTIN & CO., Albion,N.Y.

CAN (^k
MAKE <Pt:

PER
DAY

Handling the fastest selling article oni-ecord
OVEB, A MILLION SOLD IN PHILADELPHIA!
No matter where you reside; every body
wants them. Write to-day, enclosing 2c, stamp
and we will mail you 4 Free Samples and fuil
particulars, which will enable you to commence
work at once. Circulars free. SMITH MPG
CO., No. 171 Pepper Bldg., Phila., Pa.

DATAS in Book Form. We have just issued
a new lot of tte handiest and best article in the-
Data line ever sent out. It consists of 100 of
our No. 10 Data Blanks with Stub Attachment
perforated, so as Data can easily be torn from
stub, nicely and strongly bound in board cov-
ers (check-book form). When data is torn
from book, there remains a 2 in. stuD, with
blank for writing the essential part of the data
—also for writing how. when, to whom, and for
what disposed. If you wish to copy the Data
in full, you can do so by writing description on
back of the stub. If you have once tried a sam-
ple book you will use no other. Sample, 35 cts. ;
3 for $1.00; 10 for $3.00. F. H. LATTIN & Co.»
i^lbion, N. Y.

Postage Stamps,

Coins and Shells^

For Collections
WILLIAM ROWLEY,

107 South Clark Street, CHICAGO.

General Agent, Scott Stamp and Coio

Co., New York.
Agent for F. H. Lattin & Co.

Send for Free Circular.

BIRD CARDS.— A set of sixty all different.
Each card is beautifiilly lithographed in many
colors — in most cases— as true to natui'e as
small lithf)ffraphs can be made of the species
represented. The size of each card is l'.4x2iy
inches. On the back of each is a manufac-
tui'ing firm's advertisement and on the bottom
of the face— but entirely distinct fi'oni the lith-
ograph, so that it can be trimmed, if desired
without injuring the beauty of the picture ia
the least— is their trade mark. The entire set
of 60 cards will be sent postpaid for only lOcts.
F. H. LATTIN & CO., Albion, N. Y.

THE OOLOGIST. 105

oiWorld's Fair Book i

We take pleasure in anaoimciug that we have made aiTaogenients with the

publishers of

THE IVIAGIC CITY

To supply this celebrated work in Weekly Parts to the subscribers of the OoLO-
GIST at the very low price of ten cents per number. It will be issued in sixteen
consecutive Weeklj'^ Parts, each containing sixteen to twenty magnificent Photo-
graphic Views and Historical Descriptions of the WOWLD'S rAIR and the
MIDW^AY PLAISANCE, by the famous American author, Mr. J. W.
Buel. The Photographs are the finest that have ever been offered to the public.
They constitute a splendid series of

Over 300 Views

In Natural Photograph Colors, embracing all the wonderful features of
the World's Fair and its surroundings, and the famous Midwi^ay Plaisance,
with its curious and interesting character sketches of life in foreign countries and
among wild and curious races of people.

More than $50,000 have been expended in the preparation of this truly mag-
nificent work, and $50,000 more will be expended during the next few weeks in
completing it. The author and his staff of artists spent nearly the whole summer
at the Fair, collecting historical materials and securing the grandest arrav of
Photographs of the buildings, grounds, exhibits, landscapes, and curious and won-
derful features of the greatest Exposition that human eye eVer beheld.

These photographs were taken by real artists — artists of reputation, skilled
in their profession, who knew how to select points of the greatest interest and
from which the best views could be obtained.

In addition to the photographs secured by these special artists, the publish-
ers also had the pick and choice of those taken by the Official Photographer of the
United States Government.

THE MAGIC CITY alone gives the only great Historical representation of the
World's Fair and Midway Plaisance. illustrated with Over 300 Superb Pho-
tographs, comprising an immense and wonderfully beautiful oblong volume,
11x14 inches in size.

ONE COUPON AND TEN CENTS GETS IT!

The photographs could not be purchased separately at less than fiom $.50 to $1.
each. Dealers charge these prices regularly for greatly inferior views of this size.
Portfolios Nos. 1 to 12 are now ready and numbers 13 to 16 will be, by April 1st.
Cut out the coupons on the next page and mail them to the office of the Oologist,
with TEN CENTS each in stamps or silver, and you will receive as many as you
may order. We charge no postage on parts sent by mail.

We want every reader of this announcement, whether a subscriber of the Oolo-
GiST or not to see Portfolio No. 1, whether they conclude to take the following
parts as issued or not and in order to place No. 1 in their hands we make the fol-
lowing propositions:

i.'^t. Send us l)y an early mail 10c. and coupon for Portfolio No. 1.

2d. If, u))ou examination you are not more than ])leased with it and do not con-
sider it fully all we claim for it and in fact worth many times its cost you can

3d VV)-ap it up and i-cmail to us and we will not only refund your 10 cents, but
will also enclose an additional dime for your trouble. Faithfully,

F. H. LATTIN & CO., Publishers of the OoLO(iiST, Albion, N. Y.
TMDADT A WT ^^^ made arrangements to secure the Magic City for
llllr Ull 1 illl 1 ^^^ benefit of the subscribers to the .06lo(;ist. Our profit
on them is absolutely nothing. Non-subscribers can use
the coupons to order 1, 2, or 3 sample Portfolios but for more than that number,
either they or a member of their Family Mu.st be a subscriber to the 0()LOGist'.

106

THE OOLOGIST

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U. S- S^AiMPARD Scales,

Ser|ci for Ag^ents and Dealers Special Prices-

Tlie liietle Beauty. Portalile Platform

Capacity 14 oz. t.o41l)>.' »«-alex «ii Wheels.

With Brass Bear.i & SconP

A *o.00 Scale for $3.00.

"Uttle l»eteetive."

Capacit.v, 14 nz. to 25 llt*^-

No. 1, Without Scoop, <^3 00
No. 11,0 Postal Beam. 3.00
No. ■.>. Tin Scoop. S.jiO

No. 3, Bra.ss Scoop, 3.7.T

eO-ll>. CJrooer's Scale.

Si'gl Beam, Tin Scoop, $8.00

Brass '■ 9.50

Do'ble Beam, Tin Scoop, 8.50

Brass Scoop, 10.00

Meat or Butter Scale-

Marl)lePlatforni,U.B.^$10.00
IJiiioii ."icale.

Capacity, 1 2-oz. to '210 lbs.

No. 1, Heavy. Fine linisli.
No. 2, Neat, Steel Pivots.
No. 8. Beam. D. Beam

1. $».35 $10 00

2. 5.011 (j.oO
Bra.ss Scoop..? 1.00 extra.

A desirable Scale for Far-
mers and Merchants.

500 lbs, 15 X 21inches,$18.00
100 •• 10x25 " 22.00
000 " 17x26 " 20.00
1200 •' 19x27 " 29.00
1400 " 20x28 •• 33.00
2000 " 23x30 •' 48.00
2500 " 24x32 " 54.00
Drop Level, $2.00 extra.
Double Beam, $3.00 extra_
3-Qt. Oraiii Tester.

With Improved Beam, $10.00

Hopper,

]>oriiiant.

Klevator and

Railroad Scales
of All Descriptions.

W.-igoii or Stock

Scales.

Iron Lever, Steel Bearings,

Brass Beam and Beam Box,

included with each Scale.

Vulcan Anvil.

Steel i'ace and Horn.

40-lb., $3,311 80-lb., $.5.lKl

50-lb., 3.75 luo-lb., 0.25
60-lb., 4.10 120-lb., 7.50
70-lb., 4.6U 1501b., 9.50
Kxcelsior Upriglit
Drill.

Serving; Macliines.

Double Back, Geared. Drills
from 1/8 to 114 inch to center
of 141,2 inch circle; diam-
eter of Spindle H/s inch;
mounted on 2 inch hard-
wood plank, 50 inch long;
takes !/•> inch Bound Shank
Drills. Price, $8.50.

Twist Drills of all Sizes at
lowest prices.

Bencli or Farm
Forge.

2 Ton, 6x12 feet, ^0.00

3 " 7x13 " ,50.00

4 •• 8x14 •' 60.00

5 " Dump 75.00

6 " 8x16 " 90.00
6 " 8x22 •' 110.00
Patent Grain Dumn with

-Ton Scale, arranged in
Platform, taking no extra
ilepth. Price. $25.00.

Boulton Patent Stock Hack
can be put on either of our
Scales. This Itack can be
opened or closed in one
minute on the Platform
without changing the bal-
ance of the Scale. Iron.s,
with Kight to use, $10.00.
Premium Scales of theWorld

Welds, 11/0 inch iron, S5.00.
No 4 I,«ver Forge.

30 Inch high. 9 inch Fan.
80 lbs.

Hearth 22 inch. Price, $7.50
Bellows. Vices, TireShrink-
ers, Tire Benders. Screw
Plates.and Blacksmith Tools
of all descriptions.

Singer Style as above, |9 25

" with Drop
Leaf and 5 Drawers, 12.00
Singer Style, new im-
proved High Arm, 14.00
The "Champion" lat-
est improved made, 17.00
"New Jewel" known
all over the World
and can't be beaten 18.00
Oak or Walnut Furniture
with either the four last.
Splendid set of Attachments
Iron and Steel Safes.
Fire and Burglar Proof.

Price.
$20.0
24,00
28.00
35.00
80 00

No. Weight.

3 Iron 500 lbs.

4 700 "
1,000 "
1,200 '•
2,400 "

6

7

No 7 Dill Doors out & inside

30 Steel 600 lbs $23.00

40 800 " 27.00

50 1,000 " 32.00

60 1.300 " 40.00

70 2.300 " 62.00

Coffee & Spice Mill.

Handsomely Decorated

Ht, 51/2ft; wt. 230 lbs, $17.50

« ^ ^ ^® Thousand Other Articles at I^ess than Wholesale Prices.

»end for descriptive Circulars. Address CHICAGO SCALE CO., Chicago, 111

108 THE OOLOGIST.

W e have something You want

If you don't believe it, read on:

^©OSSIBLY 3'ou remember our exhibit at the World's Fair, of mounted birds
I under convex glasses, down in the Anthroplogical Building. In connec-
tion with this we established a store up on ^Cottage Grove Avenue, in which we
put a stock of nearly everything we handle. From this point we have done a
large wholesale business for some months. The time is rapidly drawing near
when we shall discon'inue this "Branch" and rather than ship the large and varied
assortment East, we shall sell at a sacrifice. Remember we offer special rates to
wholesale buyers, and exceptional opportunities to the collector, in any of the
following departments:

Shells.

Scientitic and Commercial. Of the former we
have just printed a new list, pricing many new spe-

cies. The latter, which includes everj'thing ordinal'-

ily sold at the Seaside Resorts and Shell Houses at high prices, we have in large
quantities at low ra<^es.

From every part of the World. Large and small,
all colors obtainable. Round showy heads, the
finest we ever obtained. We can furnish an as-
sortment that cannot fail to please, from $5 up.

Corals.

•tment that cannot fail to

Curios.

Land and Marine. A choice variety of Star Fish,
Sea Urchins, Sea Beavers, Plants, etc. Nuts and
Beans from Tropical Cliinates, Stuffed Homed

Toads, Tarantulas, Scorpions, and hundreds of other specimens, just the thing for

object teaching, or collections.

Our stock is mainly showy, but we fur-
nish cabinets of all sizes that always given
satisfaction. Detailed lists on application.

Minerals.

Bird and Mammal SMns.

Scientitically
prepared We
have a large as-
sortment of both North and Central American, Birds of Paradise, etc. Bulletins
are issued from time to time, showing exactly what we have in stock. New List
just out.

Birds Eggs.

All the "Boys, both old and
young,", commonly called "egg-
cranks" in all parts of the country,
know that Lattin & Co. have the
largest variety of eggs obtainable. If you have a collection you want to add to, or
want to get one, NOW is the time to attend to it. Our new Standard Catalogue,
35 cents. If you want "sets," send for new Bulletin just out.

Indian Relics.

A varied lot of line axes,
scrapers, hoes, celts, pipes,
hammer stones, banner
stones, ornaments, spears. Bird ^and Arrow points, of every shape, in any quan-
tity. Modern relics, as Apache and Sioux vests, leggins. wristlets, belts, knife
sheaths, tobacco pouches, and various other ornaments and articles of apparel.
War Clubs, all sizes and prices.

THE OOLOGIST.

109

Entcmoloiist's Supplies.

Nets, Cork, Ent. Cas-
es, Cyanide Bottles, etc.

_ Also, a fine lot of

BUTTERFLIES, all scientifically labeled and prepared. If interest?ed, send
for list with prices.

Botanist's Supplies.
Oologist's Supplies.
Taxidermist's

Collecting Cans.Plant Presses,
Microscopes, Labels, etc.

Drills, Blowers, Embryo Scissors,
Books, Calipers, Datas, etc.

tlermy Work.

Instruments and Supplies. We have evei"3'thing
you need. Tools of all kinds. Complete Taxider-
mist's Outfit, $2 to $5. Everything used in Taxi-
Glass Eyes in large or small lots. Special rates to large buyers.

Mounted Birds.

ted under convex glasses.

Books.

We have a few in stock and can furnish
on short notice anythingdesired. We make
a specialty of Birds, Mammals, etc., moun-
Special list just out.

Special rates for the next sixty days, on anything
1 stock. Send for list.

The above gives a faint idea of what we have in our Chicago Branch. This
stock is all new and contains no rubbish. We have more than we can afiord to
carry, on hand and offer now a Special Inducement to anyone who has
$3,000 to $5,000 cash to invest. Chicago with her Million people has no store like
ours. It will pay anyone who has a slight knowledge of this business to take our
stock and establishment and make it permanent headquarters for Naturalists in
the Middle and Western States. Address,

F. H. Lattin & Co., 3571 Cottage GroYe Ave., Chicago, III.

THE LATEST

Dating Stamp.

1894 to 1899.

50c.

POST PAID.

Satisfaction Guarant'd

R.W.FORD,

Rubber Stamp Mfr.
BRISTOL, CONN.

Can coin big money. Bran new
plan. Great craze. Just out.
■Cood side line." Biggest ctiance
fver offered agents. salary or com-
mission. Be quick. Goods on
credit. Samples. etc. .Free. MUL-
TIPLEX CO., No. 171 Sth and Locust.Phlla..Pa.

YOU

Our Address

until May 1. US94, will be at either

ALBION, I\. Y., or

No. 3571 Cottage Grove Ave.,

CHICAGO, ILLS.

You can address your orders and letters to
whicbever address you are the nearer— All
matters pertaining to the Ooi.ogist, however,
.should be addressed to Albion. Should you
wish to r^ach us personally, you should address
•LATTIN," at ALBION, and 'VVEBB", at
CHICAGO.

Faithfully,

F. H. LATTIN & CO.

THEN AGAIN

If you want to make a
Scrap-book, indefinitely
extensible, under one al-
phabet, Klip the sheets to-
gether.

Trial dozen, 75c. Covers
to order.
H. H. Ballard, 162. Pittsfield, Mass.

110

THE OOLUGIST.

A^BJLLliNE

Of everything in all branches of Naturalists' Supplies.

Our Stock the Best. Prices Lowest.

Orders promptly filled.

GHAS. K. REIEID,

262 Main St., Worcester, Mass.

j|@°= To all that mention this advt. in Oologist I will send my
large Illustrated Catalog frer.

(3ouF=o]\[ m

GOOD

For 25 ^^°^^

On any order of one dollar or more
until June 1, '94, NOT AFTER.

CHAS. K. REED,
262 Main St., Worcester, Mass.

THE OOLOGIST.

• 111

Announcement
Extraordinary!

"Davie's Methods in the Art of Taxidermy"
will appear this month.

At last this great illiisirated Scbscription work win be dellverefl to Us subs-crlbers in one royal
octavo volume, superbiv anrt substantially hound in silk cloth. Each copy encased in a box.
The work will be nnfional in its character, with

NINETY FULL-PAGE ENGRAVINGS,

CHIEFLY DRAWN BY ^^^ THEODORE JASPER, A. M.

M.

The whole work containing Five Hundrpd Figures clearly illustratlns: the modes ol procedure in
the art. together with examples of CharHcterlstlc Forms and Attitudes ot V'arlous species ot ti^e
Animal Kingdom, iDCludlng.Ueproducilons from Photographs of Actual Woi k ijy American Taxider-
mists.

List of the Plates in Davie's "Methods in the Art of Taxidermy."

60 C(i Forms and Attitudes of

Miimmals. 1*^ tig.
fit Probosfls Monkey,
fi^i f'hlmpanzee's Head. Hands,

and Feet. 4 flg.
(59 sewing up the Opening Cut

in Heads with Horns, etc., etc.

10 flg.
TO Designs tor Center-boards in

Hesids, etc. 4 tig.

71 Finished Mammal Heads in
rage, with mouth oper. 4 fig.

72 MountHd Dog Heads. 7 fig.
7;! Huffaio Head.

74 Head of Big-horn Sheep.

75 Caribou Head.

76 Elk Head.

77 Moose Head.

78 Steer Heads.
79-'5n Skinning and Mountlns-

Tortoise, Snakes and Fishes.

lOflET.

81 Wiring in the Frog.

52 Wiring In Crustaceans. 4 tig.

53 Skeletonizing and Mounting
a Turtle. 3 fig.

84 Snake and Lizard Attitudes.
3 tig.

85 Quail Ciroup with Painted
BHckground in Convex (ilass.

86 Trout Scene with Painted
Background in convex Glass.

87 vvo\indedBlackbacked Oull.
SS Shoit-eared Owl in Gilded

(,'reacent.
89 Making Casts. .■> tig.

Frontispiece. Display Group
in the Author's Museum.

PlATES.

1-5 Instruments. 36 figures.

6 Artlflclal Eyes, 36 tig-.

7 Topography ot a Bird.

8 Feathered Tracts and Un-
feathered Spaces in Birds, 2 tig

9 Skeleton of an Eagle.

10 Skinning a Bird. 9 tie.

11 Returning the Sklu over the
Skull.

12 Adjusting Feathers ol the
Head.

1.3 Mounting a Bird, 14 flg

14 Wiring and Poisoning the

1.5 Finishing a Mounted Bird,
&c. ^ flg.

16 winding the Plumage of
Birds, 3 flg.

17 Removing Owl's Eyes, etc.
etc., 8 flg.

18 Breast-cut Method of Mount-
Ine Birds, etc.. 7 flg.

19 Variations and Exceptions
In Skinning Blid.s, 7 flg.

20 I.,egs. Winers, etc., etc., 4 flg.

21 Mounting Birds with Spread
Winjrs. 5 fig.

22 New Method of Mounting
Long-necked Birds, h flg.

23 Framework of the Ostrich.

24 Mending Broken Bones of
Birds, 9 flg.

2.5 Drying Forms for Birds, 3 fig

26 Wrapiplng Skins for the cab-
inet. 2 fig.

27 Models tor Bird Skins. 7 flg.
25 Ascertaining the Sexes ot

Birds. 2 fig.
2'>-3i Forms and Attitudes of

Birds. 51 flg.
41) American White-fronted

Goose, in Thread Winding,

41 Greater Yellow-legs, in Step-
ping Attitude, &c.

42 cooper's Hawk.

43 Oological Instruments, etc.,
etc. 9 flg.

44 Skinning Small Mammals.
6 flg

Ah. 46 Wiring Small (Quadru-
peds. / flg.

47 Sewing up the Opening In
Small (Juadrup da. 6 flg.

48 Skins of Quadrupeds. 2 flg.

49 Skeleton of a Greyhound.
511 Superflclal Muscles of the

Horse and Dog. etc. 5 flg.

51 Diagram for ObtalnlngMeas-
urementsoi Large Quadrupeds
etc etc.

,^2-.54 'stages of Building the
Manikin and motmMng a (Grey-
hound >ipon the Dermoplastic
Method, etc. 6 flg.

55 Frame-work for Mounting
the Elephant.

56-59 Mounting of the Horse
upon the Dermoplastic Method
11 flg.

THE PRICE OF THIS WORK IS ^10 NET.

.\s we have purchased a limited number of copies at the subscriber's price ($i) we will make the
extraordinary offer to suppiy the few we have contracted for at the subscrlber'.s price. $5. GO. ^^^»^"J

When these are exhausted we will /;o«i^'(Y/?/ not be able to furnish the work for less than $10 per
ropy. Our readers can form a fair Idea of the magnitude of this work by perusing the list of plates
which we give above. The work win contain a full list of the American and Foreign subscribers.

F. H. LATTIN & CO., ALBION, N. Y.

112 •

THE o(:Jlogist,

SYSTEMATIC COLLECTIONS.

With unusual facilities for securing educational materials, it is
proposed to take the lead in furnishing systematic collections for
teaching MINERALOGY, GEOLOGY, and ZOOLOGY in Schools
and Colleges. Individual Specimens also furnished. Catalogue sent
•on receipt of 6 cts. in postage stamps.

BELIEF MAPS AND MODELS.

Special attention given to Relief Maps. Send for circular describ-
ing Grand Canon, Yosemite Valley, Yellowstone National Park,
Mt. Shasta, Mt. Vesuvius, Kentucky, Massachusetts, New Jersey,
Etc., Etc. Also model of the zvJioIc United States, xvitJi aeljoining
ocean bottoms, modeled on correct ciirviture. Many of these made
especially for Schools. New Relief Map of Palestine, Modeled for
the Palestine E.xploration Fund, now ready.

LANTERN SLIDES.

Series of Lantern Slides for class illustration in Geology, Physical
Geography, Etc.

METEORITES.

A good price paid for meteorites of all kinds. New and unde-
scribed ones especially desired. An extra price paid for the entire
"find" or "fall". Meteorites also cut, polished and etched.

WASHINGTON SCHOOL COLLECTIONS.

These collections, decided upon after numerous conferences with
teachers and experts connected with the U. S. Geological Survey
and U. S. National Museum, have just been introduced into the
schools of Washington, and will be known as the Washington School
Collections. It is safe to say that no collections of equal excellence
have ever before been offered in this country at so low a price
($2 each). Send for circulars.

EDWIN E. HOWELL, 612 iZtli St, Washington, D. C.

IHf.l^.^':^.li!iS«^

m

IS dill. <

Monthn'-

50c. per Year.

VOL. XI. NO. 4.

ALBION. N. Y., APRIL. 1894.

Whole No. 102

Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales.

Brief special anaouiicements, "Wants,' "Excbans'cs" "For Sales." Inserted In this department
for 50C per 35 words Notices over .s.5 words, cliarged at the rate o£ one cent per each additional
word. No notice inserted for less than .50c. Terms, ca'^h with order.

"Db\leks"' can use these columns at Rpgulur Adreriiaino rates, oni)/,

Strlctlv First-class specimens win be acceptedHn payment at one-half list rt'es.

Exchange Cards and Coupons (siiiscrlptlou) will be accepted for "Wants" and ••Exchanges" only
and according to conditions stated thereon.

TO EXCHANGE.— Specimens of Fossil
Palms. Ferns. Leaves from Coal Mines of N.
E. Penna. for Fossils, Indian Relics or Miner-
als. H. MYERS, Archbald. Pa. A-M

TO EXCHANGE.— Autoharp with music, sil-
ver postage stamp case, and painted placques
for eggs, sets or singles. L. F. HEAPHY, KM
E. 26th St., N. Y. City.

CENTURY MAGAZINE, Complete set of
new issue, bound in publishers old gold cloth.
like new. Will sell for the price of binding
tl a Vol. or will exchange at $i for rare sets,
well authenticated. EGBERT BAGG, 191 Gen-
esee St.. Utica. N. Y.

SCREW Cutting Foot Lathe. 7'ix.30 inch
swing, with swivel raising re.s't, chuck witli two
sets jaws, three face plates, ceni re-rest. driU
pad, fork-centre, all In tirst class order. Price
fcO. Address. F. H. JACKSON. Angelica. N. Y.

LOOK '. Forty copies. Journal of Education,
twenty South Dakota Educators, fifteen The
Teacher's Institutes, eleven School Journals,
all in good condition, a few pieces cut out of
the fli'st two set«. Toexch:in'-?e for best offers
of petrified wooris. fine minerals and foss*!
ferns, or Indian relics. Fifteen good ungrooved
or lightly grooved Hint stnuc tomahawk heads
to exchange at '.f<u-tv cents apiece. GFO W.
DIXON, L. Hox :-'8l. Watertown. S. D.

NbTICE: I will pay the fol'owing ruKh
prices for lightlv cancelled Columbian Stamps:
Ic, per If0 ICC : 2c. ijer 100 5c: :ic. per i()(t f 1 : 4r.
per UK) .'jOc : .">c. p n- lOO .50c : -^c. per lOo $•.' r.(i : Fc.
per lUO |-i: 10c. per 1"0 fOc: l^c. e-ich 8c: X)e. each
15c: .tOc. each 30f: :?|. each fiOe: $>. Piich f 1 : if '•.
each $•2; $1. each*.".: *5. each ,?!. Stampe-l en-
velopes Ic. per KX) entire II c: •*c. p^r 1(X) entirf
.TOc. If cut Kfiuare !a the above prices. I will
remltproniptiv for all stam. s Address W. C.
PICKENS. Livingston. Ala.

••Eoclosei lind onstal nof^ for ti 9i In payment
for adv. and also for reaowil of m • subscription
to the Ooi.ooisT. Would say that tlie last ex.
notice In your paper brou:,'li' morf (insnerx than
I needed. Wm. lioire, san neruardlno. Calif,

MOUNTED Specimens and skins for scienti-
fic purposes. A. M. NICHOLSON, Orlando,
Florida.

STAMPS on Approval. — iO per cent. Commis-
sion. ,50 varieties stamps including Japan 10c,
100 varieties including Siam 1.5c, 'Mi varieties
including Monaco and Havti .50c, 7 varieties
Ecuador imused 10c. M E E K E R - T O W E
STAMP CO., P. O. Box ygti, Bridgeport Ct. A3t

SEND Si (and 20 cts silver) and receive post-
paid a Blue Jay, Bi^onzed Grackle or any com-
mon bird, same size mounted ion perch) by
Violet S. Williams, who sent the only collec-
tion of mounted specimens admitted to the
Woman's Building at the Columbian Exposi-
tion. Fr<=sk specimens sent two or three weeks
after receiving order. Addr-ss. MRS. VIOLET
S. WILLIAMS, Coralville, Johnson Co., la.

STUe'FED and live Alligators.TarponScaler.
Mounted fishes. Florida curios, in exchange
for Collecting Gun. Rifle or Bb Cornet or Man-
ual of North American Birds. Send me list of
what you have for exchange and get mine. Ad-
dre8«. FRED STEENSGAARD, Taxidermist,
St. Jam -s City. Fla.

FOR SALE or Exchange. Telescope, cost
fe: 29 bar chromatic xvlophone %5; 3 fine figures
for Punch and Judy show, $4.. Will take $6 cash
or fs in curiosities. A. RIGLING , 201 South 12
St . Phil idelphia. Pa.

"Knclosed please find Afoney Order for $1.80 for
v.hlch please insert the enclosed advertisement
1 1 the Ooi.oGtST for tiiree months beginning with
Anrli numbf»r Ad. in this u oiiihs tesue has
proved the vahie of your pa!>er as an advertising
ni '(Hum .,i>d iri> con lint Tocommciid U to highly
to ndrertwrsr Meeker- Po^e stamp Co., Bridge-
port. I'OUM.

WE HAVE a Job Lot of gold and silver
plated charm rules, a few are slightly tarnished
\Ve have le.«s than 25 all told and until sold we
will mail them prepaid at the following low
rates: Silver I'lated 10c. regular price 50c;
('.old Plated 15c.. regular price 7.5c. F. H. LAT-
TIN & CO. Albion. N. Y.

130

THE OOLOGIS'J'.

TO EXCHANGE.— 1 new 32 caliber, single
sbot Davenport Rifle. Price $r. for Coues' Key-
in fine condition. Must be in fine condition.
Address HUGH S. CAMPBELL. El Paso. 111.

A FINE ivorv headed 6 keyed Meyer piccalo.
plush lined leather case, cost $10, almost new.
for best cash offer not under $4.50. GEO. E.
BALDWIN. St Johns, Mich.

FOR EXCHANGE.— Fine Callfornlft birds
and eggs. Strictly first class specimens given
and desired. De.sireahle species wanted. Lists
exchanged. F. I. ATHERTON, Lo3 Gatos,
California.

BRACHIOPOOS-First-class specimens(s'cien-
tiflcally labled) to exchange for entoruological
instruments or supplies. Guaranteed cocoons
of Cecropia and Pro7ne1heus for other species.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Address. C E. CUM-
MINGS. ?>m Au;)uru Ave . Buffalo. N. Y.

I HAVE eggs of the Great Horned and Barred
Owl. Red-tailed and Cooper's Hawk to ex-
change for good ludian relics also for good
«ggs. JASPER BROWN. Norway. la. •

CALIFORNIA Birds and Ejgs.— Extra tine
skins and mounted birds at bedrock pri es.
Mounted collections furnished on short notice
at great disc >unt. Eargs in sets for sale chean.
.Send stamp for price lists. Satisfaction guar-
anteed. P. I. ATHERTON. Box 60. Los Gato'^,
California. A2t

FOR EXCHANGE.— Wanted t<) exchange
Baltimorian No. 10 self inking printing press
with all appliances; full line of chemicals: in-
duction coil, batteries, be Is, Push buttons, etc.
for eggs, revolver or cash. Correspondence of
parties collecting eggs also desi- ed. All an-
swered. GEORGE GALLAGHER, JR., West
New Brighton, Staten Island. N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE.— Some live and ten cent
stamps of 1847 issue u'are) for Indian relics or
eggs, also 3 or 4. vears of Leslie's Popular
Monthly. LON L. SMITH, 20 Gibson St., Cau-
andaigua, N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE.— An A 1 Detective camen.
Printing press, racing skates and Cigarette
maps and cards, for two. 'ii c il. i-ev ilvers, ;two
bowie knives, Oologists supplies, and a 9-i or H.S
model Columbia bicycle saddle For particul-
ars write to. CHAS.'F. HEPBUR>J. Park Ave,
Hotel 32d-33d St., New York. N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE —Mounted birds, animals,
game heads, antlers, skins of maiiimals and
birds or anything in our line for 5x7 folding
camera ani double barrel breech loading shot
gun suitable for ducks and geese. We have in
pickle and for sale, fine skins of cow raoosf a
mt. sheep, antelopf and red fox, WM. HOW-
LING & SON. Taxidermists. Minneapolis,
Minn.

BIRDS Eggs, skins, firearms, stamps, and
books to exchange for eggs and moimted birds.
Want to exchange eggs o'ltaiuible here for
eggs of other localities. Will buy Coues' Key
and other books* on Ornithology if I'.hevip. S.
VAN RENSSELAER, JUN., "West Orange,
N.J.

TO EXCHANGE,— Old numbers of Harpers
Magazines about 100 for Old Flint Lock Mus-
ket, Flintlock Horse Pistol. Nav\' Putlasses
.Sabers, Rapiers, Indian Relics. Shells, Birds
Eggs or any other curios. Write what vou
have. L. L. SMITH, JR., SO Gibson St., Can-
andaigua, N, Y.

U. S. STAMPS for collection wanted in ex.
for !f8 worth of eggs in full seta with data. H.
LAFLER, Albion, N. Y.

GREAT Bargain. To exchange eggs in sets
and singles from Ka.nsas. collectors from other
localities please writ", satisfaction guaranteed.
E. R. SMITH, Imes Kansas,

STAMPS. Arrowheads and Eggs for Fossils
and Eggs in sets not in my collection. Would
like to exchange sets this season. Write-
CLAUDE B. HARRIS, Russell vile, Ind.

TO EXCHANGE 100 end blown birds eggs,
for Coues' Key or b-st offer. JOHN O'CON-
NORS. 387 Blatchley Ave . New Haven, Conn.

NOTICE.— l^'irsc-class Calif, bird skins for
sale cheap. W. H. HILLEK. 147 W. aSd St.,
Lo-! Augeies. C.ilif. Please mention Oologist
when writiiiy,

FOR SALE. -Over $16 worth of Singles, 28
varietie-:. 1 ui specimens Purchaser will re-
ceive a good set, with data, gratis. Cash price
«.S. Address, L W. BROKAW. Salinas. Calif.

FLINT SCRAPERS,-C<msistiugof Red and
Gray Flint, fouud in deposit, nice specimens,
supply limited, 3 f<u- 2.5c. postpaid. Address,
HARRY B, MAPEL. Columbus Grove, O.

FOR S.\LE. --Stevens' 3'i cal. i-ifle in good
condit'on. Will sell cheap, write for particul-
ars, n. B. LORD. Dsep River, Conn.

FiKsT-ULAS.S Alaroied MurreleD skins to
exchange for U. S. Confederate and Foreign
Postage Stamps. Taxidermist Tools and books
on Natural History. GEORGE L. ALVER-
SON. P. O. Lock Box 233, Fairhaven, Whatcom
Co., Washington.

FREE COPIES! The Nidiologist lov March
is a great number, many interesting articles on
coUectinir and bird life, wuh beautiful "half
tone" illustration, mcluding a page illustra-
tion of Golden Eagle's nest. We want you to
see what a facinating magazine the Nidiologist
\s>.t*'>'rG^or^. for this one number we wll se d
samples free on application. H. R. TAYLOR,
Editor and I'liblisher. Alameda, California.

I HAVE a coUeciion of Hawks and Owls eggs
valued at over J2.W, containing, among Other
rare sets, a fine sei;ies of 29 Mississippi Kites in
s-ets. all takeu bv my collector in Southern
Kansas, also 1-5 White-tailed Kite. 3-2 Shai-p-
shinned Hawk. etc. Complete ^authentic data
with all sHts. I will sell at 1-5 catalogue price,
any eggs not satisfactory may be returned and
mi")ney refunded. This collection contains
aboui 65 sets and over 225 eggs, all Hawks and
Owls. The Kite's eggs al me are worth over
diiubl^" what I ask for the whole collection,
Oorrespondence solicited. W. B. PORTER,
Berwyn. Cook Co.. 111.

TO EXCHANGE.— Arrowheads for fine large

sh'Twy Minerals, an Emu's egg. fine Fossil
Kerus p. dished (one side^ Agates and a Hum-
ming Bird's Nest and two eggs. I also want
two extra nice White Quartz War Club Heads,
a Copper Ax, Hatchet and Knife, and an Iron
Tomahawk. Wiil give extra good exchange in
minerals, fossils, shells or other Indian Relics.
Dictionary of Am«rican Politi"8 priced at $1.35.
World of knowledge. 1. 50 and Hinsdale's Amer-
ican Government >2. all brand new. to exchange-
for above or other fine Indian Relics. GEO.
W. DIXJNT. Watertown. S. D,

When answerinfcr acivertisements.
always mention the "OOLOGIST-'^

THE OOLOGIST.

131

I WILL exchange good ; foreign and U. S.
stamps for U. S. stamps not in my collection.
Send your sheets and I will do same. R. M.
BOOTH. II-^O K. Monroe St., Springfield, Ilia.
C. I. P. S., 7. Trustee.

TO EXCHANGE.— A Quackenbush 'i'i cal.
safety rifle, :w cal. Smith & Wesson revolver,
3i cal. Forehand Arms Co. revolver, will ex-
change for coins, stamps, bird sUins insects or
a good microscope. R. W. PRATT, Parker,S.D.

TREE CLIMBERS with spring steel clasps
inste*id of straps, great scheme will sell for ti
cash or $.t worth of sets. Indian relics or curios.
CLARENCE H. WATROUS Chester, Middle-
sex Co., Conn.

FOR EXCHANGE.— Books on travel and ad-
ventures, for eggs specimens or books on Or-
nithology. W. S. PASK, 1415 M14, Galveston,
Texas.

ODELL Type Writer in good order, cost $15.
to exchmge for good Microscope. B. L. .Shot-
gun. Sea shells. Camera or offers. Write.
FRANK STUART. Ritzville, Wash.

TO EXCHANGE.— 30 foreign stamps, all dlf-
ferant for cents "coined before 18.i7," 40 foreign
stamps all different for 'j cent pieces. Coins
must be in good condition. E. J. GARLOCK,
160a W. 20 St.. Des Moines, Iowa.

I AM prepared to collect all kinds of Oregon
egg6. with full data, and small hole at catalo-

fne prices, in exchange for shells. R E Y
TRYKER. Milwaukie, Oregon.

TO EXCHANGE.— 90 Foreign and U. S.
coins, value ^. First class sets of A. O. U.
339 1-3 1-2. 511 1-4 1-3, 390 1-6, 77 3-2 5-1, 488 2-4 2-3,
766 2-4, 507 1-6. 263 1-1, 725 1-5 1-4 and 35 singles.
Want 420 1-2. 3. '5 \--i. 326 1-2 and other sets.
FRED N. SINCLAIR. Skaneateles, N. Y.

I WISH to correspond with all advanced col-
lectors wishing tirst-class skins or sets from
Southern Califumia. Send -want" lists. EVAN
DAVIS. Orange. Orange Co.. California.

FOR SALE.— A few choice sets of Mallard.
Teal. Am. Bittern, etc., cheap for ca«h. Orders
booked for IS.n collecting, correspondence sol-
icited. FRANK HARRIS. LaCrescent, Minn.

ELK and Moose Antlers. Fin« specimens of
Montana Ores and Minerals for U. S. and For-
eign Coins. Fractional Currency and Auto-
graphs of Famous People. F. NELSON, 133
8. Main St.. Butte. Mont.

TO EXCHANGE,— Two single action 32 cali-
bre revolvers worth $2 each, for best offer in
eggs, stamps, books, or curiosities. DONALD
CURRIE, 1505 West Lake St., Minneapolis,
Minn.

I WILL sell Florida sggs this season at ^i
catalogue rates. On orders over $3, 15 per
cent, discount. Sets or Singles. Writ* for list
R. W. WILLIAMS, JR.. Tallahassee, Fla,

WANTED-AU Columbian stamps, used, above
2c. Will give in exchange first-class eggs, sets
or singleB. Will allow fa(;e value for 3. 6 and
all over 10c. WALTON MITCHELL, 534 Sum-
mit Ave., St. Paul, Minn.

MAGAZINES.— Eight volumes of Century,
six vols. Forum, six vols. Outing all bound in
half leather. (War articles and Life of Lincoln).
Exchange for Indian i-elics, curios or good min-
erals. Quality considered above quantity.
F. M. MUHLIG, Joliet. III.

FOR SALE.— A fine canvas cnoe, built last
.July. Has been 'U tlie water only a ffw tim^s.
For only $.=.. Write quick, CHAS C. SWISHER.
Tunkhannock, Pa.

STAMP COLLKOTORS. Send 10 cents for
our really fine mixture of 200 foreign stamps.
Send in order at once. The STA.MP ASSOC-
IATION, Irving Park. 111.

FOR SALE.— Collection of stamps, catalog-
ued at $1.35. Remington 22 rifle in good condi-
tion $3.50 Five drawer Egg cabinet $3. Live
Chameleons. Hfty cents per dozen. Address,
A. B. BLAKEMORE, 280 St. Andrew St., New
Orleans, La.

WANTED.— Hornaday's Taxidermy. Ridg-
way's Manual and "Hawks and Owls of the U.
S. ' Will give big exchange in skins of White
Pelican, Ducks and Owls, also eggs in singles
and sets. Address. B. H. BAILEY, 402 A Ave..
Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

I HAVE a beautiful 22 cal. Remington rifle
(including cimvas case), latest model, in per-
fect condition; valued at $8.50. whicU I will sell
for highest cash offer. PAUL RUSHMORE.
109 Cambridge Place. Brooklyn. N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE.— For Indian relics, coins
or fossils, a collection of marine specimens.
Write f .r particulars. T. W. THORNDIKE.
22 Newbury St., Boston. Mass.

SETS of Hummingbirds egss with nest and
data for .5i c. Sets and singles to trade for
Coues" Keys, Ridgeway's Manual, Maynard's
Egg« and Davie's Egg ChecU List. Sets and
singles sold at half pr.ce. W. B. JUDSON, 531
Eldorado St., Pasadena. Cal.

WILL Trade or Sell for best offers. Field
Camera, (good condition) with tripod plates
(7x8) and complete outtit for making photo-
graphs, cost $20, will sell for less. Also
mounted Jack-rabbit, Mink. Butcherbird or any
bird or small animal obtainable in my local-
ity. W. W. SHELLY, Taxidermist, Hesston.
Kansas.

WILL GIVE Florida Cormorant 1-4 for Gull-
billed Tern 1-4; English Moorhen 1-4 for Forst--
ersTernl3; Green Finch 1-5 tor Long-tailed
Chat 1-4. F. A. PATTON, Drawer a5, Hamilton,.
Canada.

OF INTEREST to Stamp Collecters.— 600 dif-
ferent cheap set* for sale; for instance 6 Chili
.5c : 4 Costa Rica .3c. : 6 Ecuador 5c.; 5 Guate-
mala 5c. ; 6 Hong Kong 7c. ; 7 Japan 5c.; 3 Lib-
eria 12c. ; 5 Salvador K.c; 8 Simoa. current i;--
Bue. 50c. and many others Send for dull price
list. W. SELLSCHOPP & CO., 108 Stockton
St., San Francisco, Cal. A3t

WANTED.— Hand Printing Press, Cha.se not
less than 4'. 2x71/2 with a few font« of type. etc..
in exchange for rare eggs in sets and singles,
nice collection of sea shells, hooks on Natural
History, etc. F. E. F'ORD. Middletield. Ohio.

TO EXCHANGE.— Gold watch, nearly new
cost^(G. M. Wheeler) nickle movement. 21
year hunting fase. Also ladies gold watch,
cost $22, nearly new. Both watches in tine con-
dition. Also$'> goll top ring.cigai-ette pictures
and 4x5 instanious camera cost $1.5, for good bi-
cycle or offers. OTIS CALLAHAN. Cedar
Run, Pa.

When answering advertisements
always mention tha "OOLOGIST,."

133

THE OOLOGIST.

FOR SALE.— One set of 1 egg and 3 of 3 eggs
each of Bald Eagle, all first class with full data.
Also a new copy, late edition of Our Birds in
their Haunts, for $:i prepaid. WM. H. BELL,
West Point. Va.

EXCHANGE.— Trostler Egg Tools, Stamps,
«tc. for Periodicals, Eggs or \s ill .sell for cash.
Send for stamp approval sheets. KERR &
PERHAM, Sandwich. 111.

FOR SALE or Exchange.- Collection, 120 in-
sects in case, will exchange for bcolis on Na-
ture. Youth Companions to exchange for cu-
riosities. Write what vou have with 2 cent
stamp. R. J. CLEVELAND. Exeler, Me.

WANTED.— To exchange for Books on Hls-
toiv, Biography, Travel's Geology and Natural
History, a Columbia Tandem Tricycle, in First
Cla.-:s condition Cost $2f>0. Address, MAX C.
METCALF, North East, Penn. , ^^^^^_^

"Ihave already received many answers to my
Ex. notice in Ma'rch No. and anticipate making
many valuable exchanges during the present
season,;' C. C. Henry, N. Y. City.

I HAVE a few automatic ejector revolvers,
double action, nickle plated, rubber stock, cen-
ter fire. 32 or 38 ^al., 3I4 inch rifle barrel and
long fluted cylinder, weight lt5 oz. Sent on re-
ceipt of *4.35; Sold elsewhere for f 12. Have
also double action, nickle plated, rubber handle
and patent ejector for only ?1.98. Sold else-
where for $5, F. E. HOLTER, Box 972, Ober-
lin, Ohio.

WE WILL give specimena of any kind, adver-
tising space in the Oologist. and fQr extra good
■oCfers anything we ofTer tor i^ale or possibly
CASH for t1rst-t;laps Indian Relics, or lor new or
2d hand bo*': on Natural History, in good condi-
tion, ornithology or oology preferred— a set of
the "Natural Historv of New York" ana copies of
"Cones' Key especially desired. F. H. LA.TTIN
&CQ Albion, N. Y.

AGENTS

LAND and Fresh Water sUii>lls from this local-
ity, for others, or for isr class singl'i es^-gs. (with
data) not found in Ontario, WM. H. MYLES, .53
Arkledun Ave., Hamilton, Ont.

Si 00 Satetv in good condition for shot-gun or
rifle (either whole or part pavment) Send for
particulars. GUY ARMITAGE, 7T9 Hubbard St.,
Milwaukee, Wis.

ANYONE sending me 5 U. S copper cents,
prior to 1S45 in fine con.Jition. Will receive by re-
turn mail a fine large spec, of Petrified Moss. A.
B. ROBER rs, Weymouth. Medini^ Cp,, Ohio.

LOOK! ^ thirty-two calibre tlobert rifle, rub-
ber bmds and ch<^uiicnl tor reproducing pictures
(wondertiin for best offer In sets, tor particulars
write CLINTON M. CARY.lSl W. 135 St., New
York.

A NEW method of mining, milling, roasting
and smelting difl"erent kinds of ores haa been
succes.sfully demonstrated in Germany, and Is
now being Introduced with unpreceden'ed suc-
cess. The slow and cumbersome methods here-
tf lore employed will be discarded, »nd the cost
of various ores In treatment or conversion into
metal, especially L?ad3, Zinc and Stiver Ores.
Nickel, cobalt, and Copper, greatly reducsd. All
taematierof the latter, which was heretofore
sent to Germany, is now being refined In the
United States. THE IIARTSFELD GEKMAN
MINING SYNDICATE Of NEWPORT, KY. in-
vites correspondence. (See tlieir advertisement.)

WANTED. Something new.
Full particulars. One man
made $27.40 in one day. One
lady made $22 in one day.
Address Lock Box 113 A. B. P. ,CO.. South Bend
Indiana. Mention Oot.oGisT.

Southern

California Views

oxs exact facsimile of those exhibited at
World's Fair, printed by same photographer
showing orange groves, beautiful gardens, ave-
nues, mountain scenes, etc. 25 cts each, 12 as-
sorted $3, 6 assorted $l..';0. Send forli^t of <1 ) dif-
ferent views. WM. J. ROLFE.
San Bernardino, Calif.

THE ART AMATEl

Best and Largest Practical Art Magczhie.

(The Only Art Periodical awarded a

Medal at the World's Fair. :>

Invaluable to all artists, art students and
others who wish to make their home surround-
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A specimen copy, with superb color plates
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mentioiiing The OoLOcasT and en c 1 o s 1 n g
(regular price 35c.. $4.00 a year). For 2 5c an
Instructive ufnual. '■Painting for Beginners."
sent in addition to the above Our 1S94 illustrat- .
ed catalogue of about -ioo color studies and pic-
tures sent for •^-cent stamp- , '
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IHEHARTSFKLD FURNA'^Bi." REFINING
CO., NEWPORT, KY., (Estabhshed 1SS5)
I onsolidMted Representatives of Smelting
and Refining Works in most principal cities
in the United States, under one management.

Manufacturers of Nickel and Alnminum Alloys.
Smelting and Refining Furuaces.Me'al Fume Con-
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Aluminum Reduction Works. Blast-rurnacePlants
for pig l^'on and steel converters.

We will take eritiie charge of the work from
found.ation up Including constructions of bulld-
iners, erection of machitiery, turning the entire
plant over to you under steam and in running
order. We have special exports in our employ
for that purpose. Why experiment when you
can have a certainty?

Cash advanced on silver lead concentrates and
lead slag shipments Correspondense solicited.
The ilartsfleld Furnace and Reflning Co..
(Consollclatod) Newport. Ky.

Dl .' OOy CDICO of Silver, Gold and Cop-
I •■ uwf unltO per t)re.s, NiJkel, <'obalt,
. ead Zuic. Aiitiuionial Silver, Bauxite. &c.
Abandoned mints will receive far better
linancial assistance bv visiting or correspon-
ding with The IIARTSFELD FURNACE & RE-
FINING CO., Newport, Ky., who are practical
German Mining Engineers and contractors All
questions on MeUils, Ores and their best practi-
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can have a certainty? ^^ ^

MINERAL ORE DEPOSITS now idle for
want of funds to develop, can find, practi-
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ING SYNDICATE, NEWPORT. ""^'

KY.

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THE OOLOGIST.

133;

Sliding Calipers! All Sizes & Graduations.

Vei-nier and Metric or French System.

Oologists!

i.Ul'l .VjJ>ba.<^Lwu>l.Lj J3

If yoxi care to save time and meas-
ure yoiir specimens accurate, get
one of my 4 inch Sliding Calipers. with
hardened jaws.lVi in. long, graduated in M(X) of
an inch. Sen> regixtered toany part of the U. S.
for ^.Hi. 6 inch seniles graduated- in 1 l(X)ths and
mm.— 75 cts.
Send for one to

E. G. SMITH, Columbia, Pa.

The above tools are lirst-class in evei'y re-
spect and WARR.A.NTED ACCURATE. (Liberal
laducements to agents.)

Can coin big money. Bran new-
plan. Great craze. Just out.
■Good side line." Biggest chance
ever offered agents. salary or com-
mission. Be quick. Goods on
credit. Samples.etc.Free. MUL-
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Try what lO Cents sent
H. Harte, Jeweler,

Rochester, N. Y-, ■will bring.

YOU

Wonderful

MEN WANTED hvenng or coUecting.
Experience not necessary. Steady employ-
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choice of territory.

ALLEN NURSERY CO., Rochester, N. Y.

The Worlds' Fair at Home!

Sel'^cte'^l Photographs, printed and
mounteu Lj' a Professional Photogra-
pher, from 4x5 Negatives, on Bevel
Edge Gold Line Mounts 5x6 inches.

Address P. F. MARCH, Fern
Bank, Hamilton County, O.

DDIklTlklP Of all kinds for Naturalists a

rillil I inU speciality. Note and letter
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THE NAUTILUS.

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Send for illustrated catalogue, containing 26
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Modern House.s,63 Broadway, N. Y. J6t

EGGS.

From the Orient and Assam 'Malakka) In-
dia, Australia, Africa, etc., correctly named
3t moderate prices, also European and exotic
Birds skins. HERMANN ROLLE,

Emdener St., 4. Berlin, N. W., Germany

H. H. &C.S. BRIMLEY,
COLLECTORS, RALEIGH, N. C.

First-class Bird and Mammal Skins and Eggs,
Reptiles and Batrachians both alive and in al-
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CIRCULAR DISTRIBDTERS WANTeT

Publishers, Patentees, Manufacturers, etc.,
are daily requesting us to supply the addresses
of reliable circular distributors, bill posters,
etc. Brunn's success is marvelous, and will
open up in 200,000 Agents Heralds next issue,
to be mailed to business men, new, profitable
and permanent employment to one man, woman
or youth In every town and hamlet in the U. S.
and Canada. "The early bird catches the
worm." We want a few such ads. as Bi-unn's
Csample below) to start with in this month's^
Mammoth edition of Agents Herald.

BRIIMM Nails up signs, distributes circul-
nUMIl ars, papers, samples. etc., throiigh-
out Blackhawk and surrounding counties
only $3.00 per 1000. Address, W.H.BRUNN
Waterloo, la.

Brunn paid $2.40 to insert above 4 lines, June
'90. He began during the summer. That ad.
paid then ; is paijinr/ yet. He has been kept con-
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clearing on their labor from $10 to $15 a day
distributing circulars at $3.00 per 1000 for many
Arms who saw his ad. in The Herald. It
costs every firm at leas-t $10 in postage alone to
mail 1000 circulars. A saving to each Arm who
employ you of $7 per 1000. Ten firms may each
send you 1000 at the same time, making 1000
packages of 10 each, for distributing which you
would promptly receive $30. 1.5 in advance and
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boy a present. Start them in this growing bus-
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one in your county gets the start of you. "Come
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Conduct the Business, Free to each distributor
ONLY, who sends us $2.40 cash or postage
stamps for a 4 line "ad "

AGENT'S HERALD,
No. 171 South 8th Street, Philada., Pa,

STEAM COOKER FREE!

The Triumph Cooker with lock
cover, will cook Meats, Fish, Veget-
ables, Beans, Brown Bread, Fruit,
Custards, &c, without odor. Fits
any size stove, coal, wood, oil or gas.
Having Iron base, It is better and
cheaper than a tin cooker. We send
one cocker free wiiJi Agent's first
order. Enclose two cent stamp to The Hart-
ford Hollow Ware Co., B. 673, Hartford, Conn,

BARGAINS.— Large Peacock, tail spead,
good fire screen, 10 feet across, $3,5. Another
specimen mounted on pedestal. natural position,
cheap at $25. Mount*^d "Great Blue Herou" $5.
Stuffed Porcupine Fish, a great curio, 14 inches
in diameter, $8. Hawk-bill Turtle backs pol-
ished, rare, and very pretty, $7. Japanese
Pheasant, moimted as panel picture, cheap at
$15. Fox head, moimted on large shield, with
tall on either side and riding whip, f 1.5. The
above are all fine pieces of work and vriU give
eminent satisfaction. F. H. LATTIN & CO..
.3.571 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago. 111.

When answerlngr advertisements-
always mention the "OOLOGIST."

134

THE OOLOGJST

Worm Eggs
for Silk Culture.

We make a specialty of rearing Silk Worm
Kggs for Silk Culturists . INDIAN. JAPAN-
ESE, CHINESE, EUROPEAN & AMERICAN
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the worms successfully and protitably. Satis-
faction guaranteed. We sell many thousands
every season, especially in the Southern and
Western States . Send 5 cents in stamps for
list, etc. Address,

PROF. CARL BRAUN,

NAXURALIST.

BANGOR,

MAINE.

THE LATEST

Dating Stamp.

1894 to 1899.

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R.W.FORD,

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BIRDS EQ(iS°

5^ _ A STAMP fo<^
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^EMainSt. WORCESTER. MASSJ^^

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GUNOLEUM.

For protecting and preserving all Metals from
Rust or Pits. It prevents Pits in Shot Guns,
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Does not drip, never gums. Sold Every-
where. 1 Dram Sample Tube Free,
to all who mention the Oologist.

CHARLES WILLEY MFR.,

BAY SHORE,

L. I.. N. Y., U. S. A.

SRMD FOR IT!

(ffOMPOUND Oxygen— Its Mode of Action and
^ Results."— is the title of a book of 200
pages.published by Drs. Starkey & Palen, which
gives to all inquirers full information as to this
remarkable curative agent, and a record of sur-
prising cures in a wide range of chronic cas s —
many of them after being abandoned to die by
other physicians. Will be mailed free to any
address on application.

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Please mention this paper.

SEA SHELLS, Coral, Minerals,
Birds' Eggs, and SUins, Fossils,
Naturalists' Supplies, Taxidermy,
Catalogue, 2c. C. F. CARR, New
London, Wis.

BICYCLES

No agents. We sell from
catalogue at "Whole
salerrlces. Ship for
I examination before
sale. Ours at $44 same
as agents sell for $75, ours at $55 same as agents eell
lor$l(JU, ours at$80 wood-rims, 25 lbs., same as any
8125 wheel. 12 styles $1(5 to S80.

Guaranteed same as agents sell for 8T5 to flOO.

ACME mm Ri^GER, 25 Ebs.
WOOD-RBMS,

Perfeetlinos, perfect steering, perfectarljustment.
Guariinteoil same as agents sell for $125 and $135.
Written warranty with every machine Kvery time
you linvn liicyeli> tlirouglian ngentyou pay$a0to$59
more than our wliolcsale price for same qualiityo

It costs about as much to sell bicycles througli
agents ard dealers as it does to make them. Let
prudence and economy suggest the better way aDf'
buy from us direct at whole; alo price;
Illustrated Catalogue free.

Acme Cycle Company

ELKHART, IND.

THE OOLOGIST.

135

A Literal l\\Vm?mm of PropHecy: INSECT DEPOT.

Or, WHAT THE BIBLE TELLS

us ABOUT

The Location of HEAVEN and HELL.

And OilRl-iT'S KIRSTfKiMING as a Lamb thU
has bepn slnln for t'le remission ot sin.

Ill-t SK'ON'D ('<>viiN(i Ik De a kintr and ihe
prince of peace, to cuntine -aran a tliousaiid \ eai *(
and Mien loose hiiii from Ills prison tor a season
to deceive tlu nanoup! ot tli« earth.

AiidCIlKIST'S TIIIKI) coMiNiT to be tli" Llm
of the tribe of .Indsili, to raWe lUe dead, and
■change tins world and tliH .iir around It. to wliat
He calls a New Heaven and a New Earlli.

Itisal2mo book, 201 pages,
Price prepaid, 75 cents.

Address all orders to

.I.\COB V. UTTf.E,
Deckertown. bustex Co.. N. J.

EGGS IN SETS.

Het ot a Kos'^ate Tern gc, 5 (ircen Heron ?8o. r.
Kllldeer ;i"c. 4 Fla. (ialliniile 22c. 4 nownv Wood-
pecker 4iio. 4 \V. Meiido " Lark 22c 4 Orchard Or-
iole ISC, 4 Bullocks Oriole 2vc. 5 Balilmore Oriole
lie. 4 .\rkansas Kinsfblrd 1.5c, 3 f'al. 'I'owhee .fic.
4 Black-heiided (Grosbeak 3'ic, 2 Nlffht Hawk 46c.
4 House Kluch 13c. 4 Arkansas Goldtlncli 23c. «
Farkman'a Wren. 4ii;. 4 sennett Thrasher 30c.

All prices are for the full set,
lOr extra must be adde3 on orders less than .50c.

James P. Babbitt,
Taunton, Mass

FODFIPM In Sf*<s '^^'ith Data
•y<pL.IVjl^ included in F. H.
lIjIjO Lattin & Go's 'Easter Offer.'
All orders for Forelern Eggr^ must be sent us at
our Chicago Branch: swaliow4 each r-CiNutharch
R-7,i'ic: Wren •'), .-ic: sed^re Warbler 5. r,c: Missel
Thrush 4, 5c: song Thrush .'i-6 8c; Blackbird 4-5-6.
Jc; Dipper •'>. lie: .lav -i. i^c: iMai<ple ."j 6 T, 8c:
Creepr-r r).loc:Long-tallTlt.5 20c: Kedoreast .i-TKic:
Common Sandpiper 4, L'c: Moorhen 7-8. n; Soc-
iable Plover 4. :!0c: Sand M <rtln 4 3c; Tree Creep-
er 6, .5c: Capercallle 5, r,Oc; Ring Dave 2. 1 ic: Black
Cap 4. 5c: Great Tit 9, 20c: Marsh Tit 7. 2(ic: King-
fisher 4, 15C; Barbary I'artridge s-1012. lOc: Bed-
leg Partridge 12. i.5c: Hooded Crow .5. 2ric: carrion
(^row 4, 2f'C: ( hlff ChafT 6, .5c: Rook 4-5. loc: Ring
Ouz'il 4, 5c: Lon','-eared 0>vl 4. 3.5C; Bai-red Owl 3,
.500; Redsiianks 3, 2.5c.

YOU Z U

PER
DAY

Handling the f.\stest selling article on record
OVER A MILLION SOLD IN PHILADiJLPHIA!
No matter where you reside; evt-ry hody
wants them. Write to-day, enclosing 2c, stamp
and we will mail you 4 Free Samples and full
particulars, which will enable you to commence
work at once. Circulars free. SMITH MFG
CO.. No. 171 Pepper Bldg., Phila., Pa.

FOFe. SA.r_iH].

Large and Showy Butterflies, Moths, Beetles
and all orders of Insects from all parts of the
World. Coccoons, and Chrysalides. Inflated
larvfp and fertilized ova. Speciality made in
eggs for Silk culture. Indian. Chinese and Am-
erican species, full directions given how to
raise them successfully. Also in stock all
species of mounted birds in pairs. Birds skins,
birds' eggs in clutches— from North America
and Europe. Will take in exchange rare Amer-
ican Butterfles. Mot^s and Beetles, Coccoons
;ind Chrvsalides. also the larger birds eggs in
sets. Will give rare single •> for sets. We car-
ry the largest stock of prejmred Insects in the
United States and c in furnish any spi^cies till
now discovered . Entomological Supplies. Send
10 cents in stamps for full Lists. No attention
paid to Postals.

Address,

PROF. CARL BRAUN,

Naturalist,
BANGOR, MAINE, U. S A

Figures of Importance.

Examine the number following your
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This number denotes the time when
your subscription expires or has expir-
ed.
.50 slgnifleiB your subscription expired June 1890

fis "• '<■ '.' .': ?®^ ' "

2^ • . . June, 1801

11 : : ■ " Dec. ••

S ; ," June, 180«

86 •• • " Dec. ••

y- .' ■' " •' June, 1898

98 " Dec. "

'0* " " ■■ will expire June, 1894

no '• '' " '• " Dec. "

We are desirous of straightening our
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our subscribers will send in their sub-
scriptions for '94 including all arrear-
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'•.56"-$3.2.5. ■'62"-$2,no. "68"-$1.75. '•74"-Sl .50
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Should you desire to di.scontinue
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indebtedness to us is 30 cents less than
the above amount. The figures are
according to our books Mar. 27, 1894,
and renewals received since that date
have been credited on our books, but
not on the wrapper.

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The Oologist.

VOL. XI. NO. 4.

ALBION, N. y., APRIL, 1894.

Whole No. 102

Maryland Birds that Interest the Sportsjnan.

CoUnus virginianus. Bob-white, Part-
tridge. Quail. The Fai'tridge is the
most well known game bird in the
United States. It is resident with us,
but. if food or shelter is wanting during
the M'inter, it will travel some distance
from its summer haunts.

They ahvays r ;ost upon the ground,
often in the middle of a field, at other
times within the shelter of a thicket or
in the woods they arrange themselvos
in a circle, and if disturbed scatter in
all directions.

Their principal food consists of seeds,
berries and various kinds of grain. In
the winter when these are covered by
the snow they frequently go into barn
yards and eat with the domestic fowls.
During the severe weather in Jauuar}',
18'Jo, large numbers of Partridges per-
ished. Their food was covered by the
deep snow and thej' became so emaciat-
ed and weak that they were unable to
stand the cold, which under ordinary
circumstances when able to obtain a
sulMcient supplj' of food, they could
easily have done. In Somerset County
I heard of three covies found dead in
one Held, huddled together and frozen.

In the migrations of the Bob-white
the^' often come to a river and tly
acioss. but like the Turkey they are
sometimes unable to reach the opposite
shore. A case like this occurred near
our city some time ago. Two gentle-
men were lishing in the river when a
covey attempted to tly across, but their
strength gave out and they dropped
into the water near theii boat. The
birds were unable to rise, and the
whole lot. fourteen in all, were cap-
tured.

In September, 1892, early in the
morning, a covey of nineteen Bob-

whites and one Ruifed Grouse was
seen on the lawn of a house situated
next to mine. This was in the city, but
the house was in a j'ardof about two
acres, and had quite a large grass-plot
with trees and bushes.

artramia longicaiida, Bartramian
Sandpiper,Field PloAer, Upland Plover,
Grass Plover, elc. This is a bird of the
pasture fields and is seldom found
where the grass is so tall that it cannot
see for some distance around. They
are generally A-ery wild, and the plan
of hunting them from a wagon is sonie-
times successfully tried, as they allow
a liorse and wagon to come much close-
er than a walking man.

In our lower counties in July and
August they congregate in the large
fields in immense numbers, often to
the extent of several hundred. At this
time thejf feed on grasshoppers and get
very fat. I have frequently shot them
and on .picking them up found the
breast burst open from striking the
ground.

Numenius longiroslris, Long-billed
Curlew; Sickle-billed Curlew. Migra-
tory; rare. A few seen in the winter.

Numenius hudsonius, Hudsonian Cur-
lew, Short-billed Curlew, Jack Curlew.
The most abundant of our Curlews.
They are usually very wild and it is
difficult to secure them, although they
often come to the decoys.

Numenius borcUlis, Eskimo Curlew.
Capt. C. H. Crumb writes me that it
is a rare fall visitant at Cobb's Island.
It shouUl be found on our coast at the
same time, but I have no record of it.

Charadrius squatarola, Black-bellied
Plovei*. Black-breast Plover, Beetle-
head Plover, Bull-head Plover, Ox-eye,
etc. This bird, which is subject to a
variety of plumage from young to adult,
as well as a variety of names, is an

138

THE OOLOGIST.

abundant migrant in the spring and
fall. It decoys well, and when flying
with other birds it generally leads the
flocks, for which reason it is often called
Pilot.

Chnradri/is dominicus, American
Golden Plover. This Plover is cer-
tainly found 'in our salt marshes, dur-
ing its migration, still I have no record
of its occurrence.

JEgialitis vociftra, Killdeer. Resident
except during very severe weather.
Found at times in the marshes, but
generally in wet pasture llelds and
meadows.

Arenaris interprcs, Turnstone. Mi-
gratory; common in the marshes and
along the sea shore, where large num-
bers are killed over the decoys while
after better game. Commonly called
"Calico-backs."

Bonasa umbcUus, Riift'ed Grouse,
Pheasant. This, the Partridge of the
northeru and eastern states, and com-
monly called Pheasant with us, is a
resident in the state. It is generally
found in rough hilly country, among
pines and laurel {Kalmia latifoUa). At
times, but n it often, they have been
found a long distance from their usual
haunts. In "American Partridge and
Pheasant Shooting," Frank Schley says:
"1 have come aero.ss single Pheasants
in the open fields, among covies of
Partridges, at least four miles distant
from any woods or thickets."

They are verj'' swift of flight, and
when flushed fly ott' in a straight line,
generally for about one hundred yards,
then taking a short turn to either the
I'ight or the left they alight.

A peculiar habit of the Kntt'ed Grouse
is its drumming. This is mostly'' done
about the mating season, although I
Ivive heard it in November. In trying
to locate the bird by this sound, it is
found to be very difficult to do so.

Often in winter when the berries
'which form their principal food have
disappeared, they eat the buds and

leaves of the laurel, wich is said to-
poison their flesh and render it unfit
for the table, indeed it is said that
death has resulted from eating them
under these conditions.

Tympanuclms americamis, Prairie
Hen, Pinnated Grouse. The Prairie
Hen once ranged all through the east-
ern part of the United States, but was
extirpated many years ago.

Some years siiu;e about a dozen birds
were brought from the west to this
state, and liberated in Kent county.
One or two were seen shortly after, but
what finally became of them I do not
know.

Meleagri^ gallopavo. Wild Turkey.
This the largest and most noble of our
game birds, is still found in abundance
in some parts of the state; being migra-
tory in a degree according lo the sup-
ply of food. When on these journeys
if they come to a river, they will either
mount to the tops of the trees, or a
bank, before taking their flight across.
I am told they have frequently been
seen flying across the Potomac River
near Weverton, and on several occas-
ions have been seen to drop into the
swift vvater, being unable to reach the
Virginia shore. During the fall oft893,
a flock of ten or twelve T'U'keys ranged
the side of the mountain between Wev-
erton and Knoxville, Frederick county.
The Turkey has many enemies, one
of the worst being the Great Horned
Owl [Bubo virginianus).

Mr.D.G. Elliott gives the following as
the manner in which this Owl is evaded.
He saj's: "As soon as the warning
cluck of some watchful Turkey has
placed the whole number on their
guard, they immediately stand upright
upon the limb and observe every move-
ment of their foe, who soon selecting
one of them for his prey, swoops upon
it with the velocity of an arrow, and it
would seem that the fate of that one-
was inevitable; but as rapid as was the
Owl's movement, stdl t]uicker is that of

THE OOLOGLST.

I3i>

his intended victim; for, lowering liis
head and inverting his outspread tail
upon his back, lie meets his enemy with
this inclined plane, over which he glides
harmlessly, and the Turkey drops to
the ground and insures his safety by
running away."

As a rule the male Turkey weighs
about eighteen pounds, but often this
weight is greatly exceeded In Decern
ber, 189', one weigliing thirty-two
pounds, killed in Garrett county, was
exhibited in this city.

Ectooistes migrntoriiis, Passenger Pig-
eon. The Wild Pigeon was a common
migrant with us until about lifteen or
twenty years ago; being generally seen
in large flocks during September and
October.

A favorite place to stand and shoot
them was on Bare Hills, as in their
flight they would pass over there nearly
every morning between six and eight
o'clock. This last fall (1893) they have
been mort; abundant than for many
years. I having received notice of
three large flocks being seen; the larg-
est containing about sixty birds, the
smallest about twer.ty. Single birds
frequently' fly with flocks of Doves.

They are very fond of pin oak acorns
and in feeding on the ground they keep
up a continual forward movement, the
rear birds flying ahead of the others.
Years ago in Howard county large num-
bers were killed at night while roosting
and their bodies fed to the hogs. Thus
disappeared oue of the noblest birds of
North America.

Zimdidurd mncroi/rn. Mourning Dove.
Common; I'esideiit in some parts of the
state. In the fall of the year when they
flock in the stubble and thistle fields,
they afford a great deal of sport to the
gunner. They fly very swiftly, but as
their flight is regular they make an easy
target.

I havt^ fie(|uently had my doii to
"point" them the same as a Partridge.

Dolichonyx oryztooriis. Bobolink. The

Reedbird as it is called with us, is an
abundant spring and fall migrant.

When they make their appearance in
the fall, generally about the middle of
August, they are found in the pasture
fields feeding on the seed of the foxtail,
and other grasses. A-boiit the second
week of September they are abundant
in the fresh water marshes of our rivers
and are then very fat. Large numbers
are killed as they fly across the "guts"
from one marsh to another.

Our best marshes in which to hunt
them are in the neighborhood of Marl-
boro and Nottingham, where many are
killed, as well as Sora. When in good
condition they sell readilj- for from
seventy-live cents to one dollar per
dozen.

Colurnix vulgnris, Messina Quail.
In the fall of 1880, several hundred of
these exotics were imported from Italy,
and liberated in various parts of Balti-
more county. Two hundred were
turned loose eight miles from this city,
and syou after hunted with dogs, and
although the dogs showed signs of being
on game, the birds could not be flushed.

In 1881 a nesc was found containing
about a dozen eggs, all of which
hatched but four.

Wm. H. Fisiitu,
Baltimore, Md.

Hints About Data and Field Books-
Had I a thousand tongues, I would
use them all, until tired, in clamoring
for uniformity o/ data. .

If one keeps his data as some do their
eggs— a few in a bureau drawer, half a
dozen tilted into the egg-trays, and a
few odd lots pigeon-holed in all sorts of
out-of-the-way places, it will matter lit-
tle to him what may be the size, tex-
ture, make-up and neatness of the data
that accompany the sets in his collec-
tion. But if like myself he desires to
keep several hundred <lata neatly filed,
in a single letter case and so alphabeti-

140

THE OOLOGIST.

call}" arranged as that he caa refer in-
stantly to any data in the lot, it will
matter much to him that he have them
as nearly uniform in size as may be.

Now, in my fatiile of datas are long
□arrow ones; tall narrow ones; big
sqnai"e ones; and little oblong ones, and
all sizes from the 6x8 inch wholly hand
written, delightfully neat, and scien-
tilieally minute and circumstantial datas
of the late lamented Harry K. Jamison
— to the oxU inch scraps affected by
collectors of the "Hole-in-a-tree, high
up" sort. (These petty squibs have the
nest data, — what there is of it, — on the
back, which impertinence, of all the
impertinences that make one growl, ai"e
most provocative of growling.)

Some dalas are of the llimsiest paper
and some on lijicn paper, neat and dur-
able. On some the printer's ink seems
to have become frightened at the paper
and ran about everywhere save wnere
it ouq/d, while others clear of type and
clean of ink bear no such impression of
cheap stock, slop work and of tbe at-
mosphere and personality of the (print-
er's) devil.

Could I have mi/ choice I would have
in uniform use, a clear whit3 "llat"
linen or strong cotton data, printed
with clearcut type on paper of medium
thickness, of an average size of about,
or exactly 5Ax3.} inches. The inscrip-
tion, "Private (or Oological) Collection of
thus and so" should, if it occurs, be set
modestly in small type, leaving the
bulk of the space on the data at the bot-
tom for the description, which is often,
alas! far too meager to satisfy either
curiosity or scientific desire. Such
space can hardly be too large, consist-
ently with the size of the data, for, as
many can bear witness, the data pre-
pared by oologists with whom it is a
delight, to deal, begin at the top space
resei'ved for the discription — run, finely
written, down to the bottom and still
farther down along the lower data mar-
gin and then, likely as not, run over to

the back side ending in a .sketch of the
nest situs and the locality. Such were
the datas made out by the genia) Dr.
Cooke of — Oregon(when will he ever
leave bone setting for a bit to collect
eggs again?) data, accompanied, o.f
course, by eggs daintilj^ prepared. This
sort of back-door illustration, and this
minuteness of description carry with
thtm the charm of the enthusiast, the
truly scientific collector, who always
gives us more than we had bargained
for, besides inoculating us, infecting us
with his glorious spirit. So then, we
all beg of you. don't buy or u.se any-
thing but the largest medium sized ob-
long datas, neatly printed on good
strong paper.

"Where may such be hadv" Ask
Lattiu, or any other -'standard" dealer.
Tell him whatj'ou want, and you'll get
it. There never yet was a Avide-awake
dealer so foolish as to keep in stock
that for which he had no call, nor so
disobliging as not to provide whatever
his patrons might demand. Let us have
a stanchird data blank.

A timid don't if you please: Don't
fold data in mailing, but if. like myself,
you have been so foolish as to buy a
quantity of square datas which must be
folded use them up or burn them quick-
ly and then demand the standard, and
take no other.

Of course, being a live collector you
carefully record the particulars of every
set of eggs 3^ou take. Do you then de-
sire for that purpose, a set of books
that are just what one wants for such
a use and that can be as readily and
as snugly filed away year by year as
the datas about which we have been
reading? I have used such a book for
three years. It is a peculiarly tall, nar-
row bankbook, interleaved with blot-
ting paper, which presents the high ad-
vantage of enabling one to make en-
tries in ink without necessity for the
tiresome and time taking use of a blot-
ter. (Of course, while in the field you

THE OOLOGIST.

141

carry a rough "pass-book," or some
such article, in which are pencilled your
short-hand or hieroglyphic notes, but
this book is for the full, careful and per-
manent record.)

I have written the makers of this
bank book, asking them to give Lattin
& Co. prices in quantities for the book,
furnished without the bank printing, or
with any such indicative or time-saving
marks or abbreviations as somebody's
wisdom or ingenuitj' may suggest.
And I am very sure that the publishers
of this paper will furnish these books
to their patrons at such prices as will
make it a disgrace to every collector,
that is an oologist,/or life, if he fail to
use them. P. B. Peabody,

Owatonna, Minn.

A Collecting Trip in Northern Iowa.

Saturday, May 13, 1893, was to me
the date of a "Red Letter Collecting
Trip" if I may borrow the expression.
About 6 a. m. I started with a friend
for Lake Edwards, which is a small
lake about six miles southwest of Foi'est
City in Hancock county. As we were
crossing the prairie about 7 o'clock we
heard the rumbling "boom, boom" of
some prairie chickens coming from over
a hill, and on ascending it, saw quite
a flock of them on a level place on the
short prairie grass, with one in the
middle strutting about with head
raised, tail spread and wings drooping.

There may have been more than one
of them drumming, but they took alarm
and flew away so quickly that I had
very little time to notice.

Saw a few Ducks in the sloughs,
numbers of Bartramian Sandpipeis on
the prairies and fields and many Sora
Rails. The Soras seemed so verj' tame
that they could hardly be made to fly
by wading after them as they ran along
trying to hide in the thin grass; with
their short, stubby tails bobbing when
they walked, and standing straight up
when they were standing still.

Shot a female Wilson's Phalarope,
from a bunch of four or five in the
water in a small slough. When I came
to dissect it I found it contained :.n egg
about the same color as a Blue Jay's
egg, but paler, larger and more point-
ed. It Avould probably have been laid
that day had I not shot the bird in the
morning.

We stopped for a while at a small
pond east of Lake Edwards, and hunt-
ed ai'ound for Uucks' nests, but found
none.

My friend, who had lived in this
vicinity and hunted considerably,
though not a "collector '' said that ten
T; ears ago he sometimes had gone out
with a pail and gathered in Ducks'
eggs to eat, around this pond, but of
late .years they were scai'ce.

We soon came around to a slough
running out north from Lake Edwards,
bordered by a grove of small trees,
mostlj'^ oaks. Examined three nests
that looked like Crows', all iy oaks and
not over twenty-five feet from the
ground. One contained six of young
Crows and auotiier fragments of egg-
shells. They wei'e much more sub-
stantially built than any Hawk's nest
I have seen, being smaller, deeper and
closely built of sticks, and lined with
soft strips of biu'k, binding twine, hair,
etc.

While standing on the bank of the
lake three large white gulls came fly-
ing over, of which we managed to drop
one which proved to be a fine female
Ring-billed Gull.

Finding a boat we rowed out in the
lake, whei*e we saw numerous musk-
rats, coots and hundredso of Black
Terns (commonly called "Slough Gull")
hovering around screaming and dip-
ping their heads into the water occas-
ionally. On shooting one a large num-
ber hovered over where it lay in the
water, affording an excellent oppor-
tunity for wing shots.

Soon after this we left the boat and
concluded to have a swim, as the day

142

THE OOLOGIST.

was so warm and the water did not
feel so very cold to the hand. One
plunge was enough to convince nie
that it was rather too early in the sea-
son for c(irafort and I lost no time iu
getting out and dressed again.

After tills we started to walk over the
hills to another small lake, not, howev-
er, before my companion had killed three
Blue-winged Teal at one shot, in a
small inlet. On the hills west of the
lake I took a set of three beautiful
spotted eggs of the Marsh Hawk from
a nest on the ground, securing the fe-
male bird. On arriving at the lake I
sat down to write down some notes
and watch some small birds, while my
companion scoured around the lake,
securing another Teal. The Redpoll
Warblers [Dt'idroica palmnrum) were
quite abundant among the low bushes
and on the ground.

On our return trip I shot a Redpoll
Warbler and a female Virginia Rail.
It was d3rk when we reached home
and though I had "that tired feeling"
before I got all my birds skinned that
night, I felt myself amply repaid for
my trip, being successful in securing
both specimens and notes, having ob-
sei'ved the following species:

Ring-billed Gulls, Black Terns,
Cranes, Virginia- and Sma Rails, Amer-
ican Bitterns, Wilson's Phalaropes,
Yellow-legs, Pectoi-al Sandpiper, Least
Sandpiper, Bartramian Sandpiper,
American Coots, Blue-winged Teal, ,
Spoonbills, Pintails, Mallards, Mourning
Bores, Canada Geese, Prairie Chickens,
Marsh Hawks, Crows, Blue Jays, Red-
wiuged Blackbirds, Meadow Larks,
Swallows. Sparrows. Martins, Bronzed
Grackles, Yellow, Myrtle and Redpoll
Warblers. Brown Thrushes, Marsh
Wrens, Kinglets and Robins; and the
first Bobolinks. Yellow-headed Black-
birds, Black-throated Bunting. King-
birds. Maryland Yellow-throat, Yellow
Warblers and Catbirds that I have no-
ticed this season besides several species
that I could not positively identify.
Rudolph M. Anderson,
Forest City, Iowa.

SCENES PROM THE LTPE OF ALEXANDER
WILSON.

His Second Southern Tour— Continued-

G. Vkoojian Smith.

X

In our last article we were following
our ornithological friend through the
wilds of Kentucky and Tennessee and
more particularly through the one hua"
dred and eighty miles of Forest desert
intervening between Danville and
Nashville.

How vastly has that beautiful terri-
tory changed since our traveller pushed
his waj' through its wilds! At the time
of which we write there was not a sin-
gle town or village along the whole al-
most unbroken waste. Yet it was so
common for Wilson to travel unaccom-
2)anied through uncultivated wilder-
nesses that his out door nature had in
fact lieeume a pai't of the primeval sol-
itudes he was accustomed to explore in
quest of those feathered creatures he
had adopted as his companions,friends,
aye we may almost say as relatives, for
in them he saw objects Avorthy of his
most humane consideration. Separat-
ed from his native land and near kin by
three thousand miles of waterj'^ waste,
and he himself alone in the world, do
we wonder that he bestowed so much
attention upon those winged denizens
of the forest whom, he chose as his only
companions for long days and nights of
fatiguing travel through the then un-
bi'oken American wilds? It is worthy
of note that our great pioneers in orni-
thology have all chosen similar modes
of life. And yet how imperfect would
be our knowledge of those birds fre-
quenting wild and dangerous places, if
a Wilson or an Audubon had not launch-
ed their canoes on unbroken waters,
pitched their tents in lonely forests,
kindled their camp fires far from the
habitaJ;ions of man, with the roaring of

THE OOLOGIST.

143

the cataract or the distant evening
jsohgs of the warbler and sparrow as
their only society for weeks at a time.
But kind reader I must refrain from
further digression, and return ta our
friend as we left him at Danville, Ken-
tucky making preparations for his im-
mediate departure for the far south.
Not to go into details as regarcis his
equipment, suffice is to say that at this
day we would regard his bageage very
insufficient for an overland journey of
one hundred and eighty miles. The
spring was particularly backward and
it was only « hen he was far on his way
toward Nashville that the latent life of
vegetation began to unfold, and. with
the return of the warm south wind most
delightful wonders wei'e proiluced in
the woods and lields. The budding
sassafras, the large white petals of the
dog-wood contrasted with the deep
green of the poplar and buckeye, gave
to the landscape on every side a rich-
ness of the most pleasing relief to the
eye of Wilson. But that which engag-
ed our traveller's atteutiou the most
was the multitude of new and strange
birds that were llittiiig and warbling
among the branches of tiie verdant
freshness overhead. Here and there at
extended intervalsa pioneer had broken
the wihieruess.and when Wilson emerg-
ed from the deep recesses of the solitary
forest, the rich greep of the fields, the
the farmhouse and cabins, embosomed
amidst orchards of glowing purple and
white, all lent to the scenery a strange
charm of the sweetest relief to the
senses of our traveller Near the foot
of a high mountain, called Mulder's hill
he overtook one of those family cara-
vans so common in that country, mov-
ing westward to some agreeable spot
where they would halt and hew a home
out of the .stubborn wilderness. He
was informed that the caravan was from
W^ashington Country, Kentucky, and
was going as far as the Cumberland riv-
er in Tennessee. "The singular ap-

pearance of this moving group, the
mingled music of the bells, and the
shouting of the drivers, mixed with the
echoes of the aiountains, joined to the
picturesque solitude of the place, and
that the various retlections that hurried
through my mind. interested me greatly,
and 1 kept company with them for some
time." The 2oth of April he spent the
night at the house of Isaac Walton,
thirteen miles from Nashville. After
breakfasting at an early hour, Wil>on
was preparing to start when the hospi-
table landlord i-efuseil to take any pay,
and replied, "you seem to be travelling
for the good of the world, and I cannot
— T will not charge you any thinor.
Whenever you come this way, call and
stay witii me, you shall be welcome."
Wilson remarks that this was the first
instance of such hospitality he ever met
with in his travels in the United States.

The spring was now well advanced
in that climate and the multitude of un-
known birds everywhere passing north-
ward, was a coustaut source of interest
and delight to our traveller. His o-un
and pencil were actively engaged and
many drawings were forwarded to Mr.
Lawson, his engraver, but Avhich unfor-
tunately never reached him. Wilson
had the good fortune to pa.ss through
an extensive pigeon roost, or breeding
place, about fifty miles from Danville.
He estiaiates it to have extended three
miles in width, and more than forty in
length. The trees were principally
beech, and loaded with nests, and he
says, that in dififerent places he counted
more than ninty nests on a single tree.

From Nashville his next point was
Natchez, Miss., a distance of four hun-
dred and eighty miles the whole waste
being through the vast wilderness in-
habited only by Chicksaw and (Jhock-
taw Indians. This long journey through
a savage country was the most fatigu-
ing ever undertaken by our ornitholo-
gist, and added to the usual hardships
of out door life he was frequently at-

144

THE OOLOGJST.

tacked with dysentery and fever, and
at times became so ill that it was
difficult for him to proceed. The rem-
edy he used was simple, being a close
diet for a week on raw eggs aud straw-
berries which were then in perfection.
He also experienced the very uncom-
fortable sensation of i)eiug in a tornado
when the limbs of trees were whirling
past him in very volleys. He himself
adds that he would prefer to stand in
the hottest held of battle than encount-
er another such tornado. All these
dangei'ous experiences go to show how
dearly the nine volumes of Wilson's
American Ornithology were pui chased.

May 4th he set out on horseback from
Nashville with a pistol in each pocket
and a fowling piece belted across his
shouldei% aud at once plunged into the
uncultivated wilds of Tennessee and
Mississippi. From his cai'efuUv pre-
pared journal we learn that the first
night he slept in aChicksavN Indian hut,
the Indians spread a deer skin on the
Hoor for him, aud with his portmanteau
as a pillow he declares that he slept tol-
lerably well. The following morning
he was early in the saddle and rode fif-
teen miles, stopping at an Indian hut to
feed his horse. Wilson carried with
him a paroquet,and this little feathered
being proved to be a continual fund of
amusement to all ages of these Indians.
While his horse was feeding he exhibit-
ed his feathered companion to the
whole family as they crowded around
him, and as they did so it gave him
an opportunity of "studying their
physiognomies without breach of good
manners." He describes the natives
as being scantily clothed, and wilh just
enough of civilization to make them
lazy aud anxious for whisky.

The country was covered in many
places with swamps, and through these
Wilson pursued his way with difficulty.
These swamps were covered with a
prodigous growth of canes and high
woods, which together shut out almost

the whole light of day for miles at a
time. He finally I'eached the Tennes-
see river which was swollen by the
spring I'ains, thus making it about a
mile across at that point. The low
bottoms bordering the banks were cov-
ered with huge caues, twenty or thirty
feet high, and he declares that these
cane swamps are the gloomiest and
most desolate looking places imagina-
ble. Not being able to cross the swol-
len river he encamped for the night,
"kindled a large fire, munched a bit of
supper, and laid down to sleep: listen-
ing to the owls and chuck-wills-widow,
a kind of whip-poor-will that is numer-
ous here*. I got up several times during
the night to recruit my tire, and see
how my horse did; and but for the
gnats, would have slept tolerably well."
Arising eai'ly in the moi'ning he shoul-
dered his fowling piece aud scoured the
woods for game till six o'clock. At
eleven o'clock he was able to hailaboat
and cross the river, much vexed at the
long delay.

The country now assumed a uew ap-
pearance; the woods were entirely free
from fallen timber and iinderbrush.
He says he could see a mile through the
Avoods, which were covered with high
grass ^fit for mowing. Every spring
tire ranges throngh these woods and
they are thus kept so remarkably clean
that they look most like elegant noble-
men's parks. Wilson was struck with
the number of strange and beautiful
flowers that presented themselves as he
rode along, and remarks that this must
be a heavenly, place for the botanist.

The Indian boys with their blow-guns
interested him greatly. These blow-
guns are made of cane tubes, seven or
eight feet long, and when well made
are perfectly straight. The arrows are
slender strips of the same material, cov-
ered for several inches at one end, with
the down of thistles, in a spiral form, so
as just to enter the tube. By a quick
puff they could shoot their arrows with

L'HE UOJ.UCriST.

145

such A'iolence, as to enter the body of
a partridge twenty j-ards off. He en-
listed several of these boys in his ser-
vice but all veturued from the hunt
Avithout success.

I ask the indulgence ot the kind read-
er to quote from Wilsou's journal in or-
der to give in his own Avords the exper-
ience he had with an Indian and a
mocking-bird. "About half an hour
before sun-set, being within sight of the
Indians where I intended to lodge, the
evening being jierfectly clear and calm,
I laid the reins on iiiy horse's neck, to
listen to a mocking bird, the first I had
heard in the western country, which
perched on the top of a dead tree be-
fore the door, was pouring out a tor-
rent of melody. I think I never heard
so excellent a performer. I had alight-
ed, and was fastening my horse, when
hearing the report of a rifle immediate-
ly beside me, I looked up and saw the
poor mocking-bird fluttering to the
ground. One of the savages had mark-
.ed his elevation, and barbarously shot
him. I hastened over into thej'ard.and
walking up to him, told him that was
bad, veiy bad! That this poor bird had
come from a far-distant country to sing
to him, and that in return he had cruel-
ly killed it. I told him, the Great Spirit
was offended Avith such cruelty, and
that he Avould lose many a deer for do-
ing so. The old Indian, father-in-law
to the bird-killer, understanding by the
negro interpreter Avhat I said,x'epeated,
that Avhen these birds came singing and
making a noise all day near the house,
somebody Avill surely die, — Avhich is
exactly Avhat an old superstitoos Ger-
man near Hampton, Virginia, once told
me. The bird-killer had married the
two oldest daughters of the old Indian,
and presented one of them the bird he
had killed."

He found the ChickasaAvs to be a
friendly inoffensive people; and the
Choctaws, though more reserved, were
equally harmless. Wherever he hap-

pened to stop while in their territory
he Avas treated Avith civilit^y.

He arrived at Natchez, May 7th, hav-
ing performed this extraordinary jour-
ney in thirteen days. He seems to have
enjoyed this journey, although it was
attended with considerable expense
and fatigue, and ever after he referred
to it Avith satisfaction. While at Nat-
chez he accepted the hospitality of Mr.
William Dunbar, a friend of science,
and in his company Wilson spent some
of the most profitable and enjoyable
moments of his life.

On the 6th of June he reached Ncav
Orleans, and on the 24lh set sail for
NeAv York,\^'here he arrived on the 30th
of July. He stopped a few days on the
islands off' Florida, au<l while there
gathered much information of the far
south birds.

From New York he at once returned
to Philadelphia, arriving there on the
2d of August.

He had accumulated on this journey
a stock of new material for his work,
including several undescribed birds.

He had been away from home a little
over six months, and in all that time
his expenses amounted to only four
hundred and fifty-tive dollars.

The Woodpeckers of Minnesota.

Hairy Woodpecker, Dryobatesvillosvs
Permanent resident. Through the
Avinter this species retires to the pine
and tamarack forests and is seldom
seen. About the latter part of Feb-
ruary they make their appearance about
the cities, often in company with the
Downy Woodpecker.

Towards the latter part of May they
retire to the woods to breed and are
not often seen about houses. They pre-
fer rather thick and low Avoods near
Avater usually, for nesting. The hole
is excavated in a dead willoAv, oak or
maple tree, usually from four to thirty
feet up, and about sixteen inches in

140

I'm: ooiAHi.sr

•depth. The longest time taken bj^ a
pair in excavating their hole that has
■oome under mv notice, was 12 days.
This was a nest 23 inches deep excav-
ated -in an oak tree. The shortest was
four days, this in a willow stiibb.

The eggs are usually four in number,
sometimes five, and are laid on chips at
the V)ottom of the cavity.

They measure from .90 to 1.05 in
length ami from .60 to .75 in breadth,
and are \mve ivory white in coloi- with
a roseate tinge when unblown.

Downy Woodpecker, DrijobrUen pub-
eficeiis .

Resident and tolerably common. This
is a more social species than the last
and is seen commonly about houses
toward the latter part of March.

The nests of this species are begun
about May 15th aiul fresh sets may he
secured from then to June 10th. *

The holes take from two to ten days
in excavating and are from eight to
fifteen inches deep and about two in-
ches in diameter at the opening.

The holes are usually made in oak or
willow stubs. They breed abundantl}'
wp the Minnesota River in the dead wil-
lows along the banks. Eggs usually
five sometimes four and rarely six or
seven. Pinkish white when unblown,
Init fade to a dull white when blown.

They measure fiom .70 to .85 in
length and .60 to .65 in breadth.

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Sphijrapi-
€us varius.

Fairly common summer resident, ar-
riving the first week in April, and from
then until the first or second week in
May they may be commonly seen about
the maple trees in the cities, whicli are
punctured by them for the sap and
more commonly for the larvi\3 and
insects which lie under the bark.

Towards the second week in May
they retire to the thick wootfs to breed,
where the}' excavate tiieir lioles in dead
trees, usually about twenty feet from
the ground but occasionally much
higher.

The eggs are laid by the first week in
June, and are usuall.y four in number,
verj' rarely five. White like all other
Woodpecker's eggs, with roseate tinge
when i;nblown. Two sets measure as
follows: .BOx.GO, .82x.59, .Six. 62, .79x
.60 and .90x67, .88x.05, .88x.65, .87x.60.

Plicated Woodpecker. Ceophlociis pil-
catus.

Rare. This bird is rarely seen in tliis
locality (St. Paul), but, is common
farther north.

One nest was found last June in Dak-
ota county, which contained three eggs,
well incubated. Average measure-
ment l.SOx.OS.

Red-headed Woodpecker, Melanerpes
crijthrocephalus.

Common svimmer resident. Arrives
about the first of April. The birds pre-
fer to nest in the vicinity of houses and
do not res J? t to the woods unless mol-
ested. These birds nest almost any-
where making their holes in fence po.sts,
dese»ted houses and even chimneys.

The eggs are four to six in number
and measure on an average 1 00x80.
This species will continue to lay like
the Flicker, provided a nest ^igg is left.
Thej^ leave earl}' in October.

Flicker, Yellow Hammer, etc., Colap-
tes auratiifs.

Abundant summer resident, arriving
early in April and leaving late in Oc-
tober.

These birds are very sociable but also
suspicious, and prefer to nest near
houses, hnt are not always i)ermitted
to do S(5 as they are often killed becau.se
thej^ bore into houses, commonly to get
out of reach of small boys.

They are well known to lay a large
number of eggs when repeatedlj' robbed.
When not disturbed the average set
consists of seven eggs, often six and
sometimes eight or nine. Average-
measurements 1.10x.90s.

Waltox Mitcheli-,

St. Paul, Minn.

THE OOLOGIST.

147

The American Crow.

For some two years now, tlie Ornith-
ologist's Association has been making a
special study of the Crow. Of conrse,
the great question is as to its utility, or
its destrnctiveness. That it does much
miscliief no one doiibts, but on the
other hand, is there a possible balance
in its favor. In order to determine
this question, the Crows must be close-
ly watched throughout the year, mauy
must be killed and the contents of their
stomachs examined. Before we decide
on the protection or destruction of any
class of birds, there should be a wide
range of inductive study, and. a very
cautious deduction. Some of our mem-
bers, particularly Mr. Harrv K. Man-
nakce, to whose careful observation
over man}'' years the substance of this
article must be attributed, have given
much attention to the stndy of the Cro«\

In respect to the destructive propen-
sities of the species the most noted
item is in the corn tielil. When the
corn first comes up in the Spring, the
Crow will start his line of marcli on a
I'ow and take out each hill as he goes
along, probing his bill straight down by
the tender blade and diggiug up the
soft kernel at the root, thus leaving the
blade to whither on the surface. As
this mischief occurs during the feather-
ing of the young, thc_y are fed on the
softened grain. Keeping iip a great
racket as the parent bird brings the
food. As the species is not gregarious
at this time of year, but is widely dis-
tributed over the vast corn fields in the
vicinity of forests, the depredation is
widely extended and not striking
enougli to be closelj'^ ob.serA'ed.

The next period of mischief is when
tlie corn is yet tender in the ear. Then
the bii'ds light on the ear, pull open the
outer end and the upper side and take
off a large portion of grain, leaving the
remaindei- exposed to the weather, and
thus ruining the whole ear. Mr. Man-

nakee is sure that he has seen not less
tlian a thousand at once engaged in
thus damaging the corn fields of Mary-
land. After tlie corn is cut tlie Crows
continue in the fields, lighting on the
shocks and opening tlie ears as before.
Less damage is done at this time, how-
ever, as the corn is less exposed.

When tlie wheat is shocked the Cro"w
shares the harvest, sometimes alighting
on shocks in such numbers as to utterly
blacken them. At such times Mr. M.
has taken as many as seven at one shot.

Next in importance is the destruction
of the 3'^oung and the eggs of the smaller
birds. It is safe to say that tliis is a
favorite item in tlie Crow's bill of fare.
It has a sharp eye, is ever on the alert,
and none of the small birds nests,
whether in trees or on the ground, are
exempt, unless it be the Woodpeckers
and such other birds as nest in close
cavities. As the small birds are espec-
ially insectiverous. the damage is great.
Just here it may be proper to say that
only those who make a study of bird's
nests, can form an}' conception of the
number of them which are destroyed in
various ways,' i^robably not los- than
one-half.

'Few people in tlie North, where the
farms are comparatively small and for
the most part cleared and under culti-
vation, can form any conception of the
mischief done by the Crows to hen's
nests in the South, wliere the immeii.se
tracts of pine Avoods become alike a
rendezvous and a breeding place. A
great deal of poultry also is kept in
these parts, and the flocks wander more
extensively than they would be allowed
to do in more highly cultivated districts.
Hence the Crow has a continual feast
on fresh eggs and young chickens. He
knows where the out-lying hen's nests
are, perches in the neighborhood and
waits for hours for biddy to be deliv-
ered of her egg. When she leaves the
nest Mr. Crow loses no time in antici-
pating the owner of the premises.

148

THE OOLOGIST.

Sticking his bill into the shell he may
be seen Hying Avith it across the tield.
piles of the shells may be found imder
their nests. Nests carefully hid away and
so escaping the eye of the good house
dame, are not infrequently found by
watching the black thief. The turkey's
nest, carefully bushed in some remote
paslure, can be detected in like manner.
Not only are young chickens carried
aAvay as delicate morsels, to be de-
voured along with eggs, by the young
in the nest, but the Crow will alight on
the back of alaige hen, peck out her
brain, strip off the skin and devour the
inside— entrails, etc. If driven away
he will return to his repast, and finally
consume the Avhole.

The terrapin. or box-turtle, strictly a
dry-land reptile and very common in
the state of Maryland and southward,
is a very useful insectiverous feeder.
This delicate piece of flesh the CroAv
has learned to appreciate, and pecking
a hole in the back, cleans out the shell,
leaving not even the blood nor liga-
ments fastening the body to the neatly
closed house.

An item of mischief not commonly
knoAvn, is the feeding of this species on
the berries of poisonous vines and
shrubs in winter,— the poison ivy and
poison sumac for instance, thus dissem-
inating these noxious groAvths along the
fences and about the swamps and pas-
tures. This has been well brought out
by the Agricultural Department in its
late reports.

It is now time to inquire as to the
good to be set doAvn to the Crow's
credit, over against all the above cate-
gory of evil-doing.

Beyond question the CroAV is some-
Avhat insectiverous. Visiting the newly
mown fields. Avhile the hay is yet dry-
ing, they will give chase to the myriads
of grasshoppers abroad at such times,
and literally till themselves. They also
hunt the ground Avhere hay and straw-
stacks have been removed, and where

the muck Avoim [L*achnoslomaJusca}
eventuating in the Avell knoAvn June-
bug, and very destructive to the roots
of certain garden and fruit products, is
abundant. These they capture Avith-
great relish, also; folloAving the plow
Avhich turns these grubs up in rich,
ground. A certain yjroportiou of bee-
tles are also found in his stomach.

Those Avho examine the Crows in
winter, cannot fail to be impressed Avith
their scanty bill of fare. One finds cer-
tain poisonous seeds, as aboA'e noted, a
feAv seeds of the^Avild grape, refuse of
street droppings, and frequentlj' noth-
ing at all. One is led to feel that the
Avinter is mainly a long fast, in Avhich
the Crows Avhich gyrate aboiit the-
lields and the pines, must draAv upon
the flesh stored during the moie jjro-
pitious part of the year.

We must not omit to give the CroAV
his due as a carrion feeder, thus help-
ing out the Turkey Buzzard in the
more southerly regions of our country.

Careful students will discover that it
is very difficult to make out a case in
our big blackbii'd's favor. While we
Avould not annihilate them, there can
be little doubt that Ave have very many
more of his kind than avc need.

J. tl. Langille.

A Disastrous Season on Pelican If [and -

It was Avith great pleasure that I read
Dr. Gibb's excellent article regai'ding
the Brown Pelican in Florida, and else-
Avhere, Avith a description of a visit to
Pelican Island on Indian River in the
March issue of Oologist.' I Avas so
much interested in the^subject in ques-
tion that I cannot-resist the temptation
of sending you a few notes on my visit
to the Island Avhere I found things in a.
peculiarly unsatisfactory state, to my-
self at least, for I had expected a tine
opportunity of studying their nesting
habits, and I think that I may rightly
say that the birds themselves fully ap-

THE OOLOGIST.

149

predated the sitnatioo, for several lo-
cal sailors informed nie that the Peli-
caas had beea very iiueasy iu their ac-
tions for a week or more previous to
my visit.

It seems to me tiiat readers of tlicOiiL-
O&iST would derive mueh more benetit
from an alile article regarding any spe-
cies if other observers in various local-
ities would add such points of peculiar
interest, in regard to the same species
as they may have observed, for publica-
tioa in a near issue. In this way we
would. have a condensed and compre-
hensive study of the rarer and more is-
olated species, which most of us are
not al)le to study for ourselves, while
our attention is still attracteil to them
by the tlrst article iu a ^ate issue.
Thei'efore J trust that Dr. (xibbs will
pardon this seeming trespass upon his
subject. I hope we may very soon see
the further notes on the same subject,
"which he promised to furnish us "if re-
quested."

Iq Fel)ruary 1885 our party of four
from Michigan, left Titusville in the
ciuisiug yacht, the "Orient" and pro-
ceeded south on Indian River for sev-
eral days until we neared the locality
inhabited by the Pelicans. Jt was a
several hours run out to the Island,
and as the \'acht approached from the
west, the birds on tliat side of the Is-
land became very uneasy' and many
took flight, but as we neared shore in
our small boat, all on that side of the
Island rose.' But we will proceed to
observe the very dilferenfc circura- ■
stances from those noted by Dr. Gibbs.
The water had risen several feet higher
than had been known for many years, a
short time liefoie, and the nests on the
ground had been floated away and the
great white eggs, wagon-loads of them,
were strewn promiscuously over the en-
tire south half of the Island, in some
places being left in wind-rows, as it
were, by the receding water. All were
spoiled. OhI how ihe collector might

wdsh them in sets and distributed among
the cal)inets of the ' land where they
would be of some use. We see, then,
that at least for once the collector is
not the worst enemy of theirj nests on
Indian River. The only occupied nests,
which at this time contained young,
were" in the stunted Mangroves at the
North end of the Island

These joung were truly loathsome in
tlieir appearance, as awkard as squabs
hissing aud tumbling about on the
rude platforms of sticks and weeds, and
surrounded with dung and tishes in va-
rious stages of decomposition, from
which a fearful stench arose. Most of
the adults were rather shy but those
having young perched upon the dead
Mangrove stubs and allowed an ap-
proach, at times, to within thirty feet
or even less.

As we left the Island Ave noticed a
tine specimen of this species iloatiug
listlessly upon the water apparently
sick, though still sitting erect. We ap-
l)roached easily capturing it, aud found
that it had captured aud stored iu its
pouch a salt-water Cat-tish weighing
about two pounds. The lish, probably
accidently in struggling, had thrust its
so-called horns, on either side of the
body, through the skin on both sides of
the pouch -and there the poor bird was
with the obnoxious lish -permanently
lodged in its throat. With some diffi-
culty he was removed, but I fear the
bird would not recover from its weak-
ness. Thus we see that' Nature affords
revenge at times to even her lowest
creatures.

At Lake Worth, another lagouu on
the Atlantic coast, ten miles south of
Jupiter Inlet, the' southern terminus of
Indian Rivei", it was a very common
sig'iit to see thirtj'^ or forty Pelicans sit-
ting on a sand-bar,pruning their feath-
ers, from which company members
would occasionally leave on a fishing ex-
pedition near by. They would first fiy
high above the water and upon locating

150

THE OOLCGIST.

a school of fish would tiu'n back soaring
alouy about three feet above the sur-
face, then suddenly throwing their
wings back, would pitch heail foremost
into the water, as does the Belted King-
fisher, becoming entirely submerged.
If the fish was a rather large one it
would be brought to the siuface and
stored in the capacious pouch while
the bird rested on the water as would
a duck or goose.

I was informed that there was no
rookery of these birds at Lake Worth,
those found there must have come
either from the Indian River colony,
a great distance north, or from colonies
which I understand inhabit various of
the Floi'ida Ke3-s. In either case long
distanc es must have been traversed.
L. Whitney Watkins,
Manchester, Mich.

Remarkable Tenacity of Life.

The following item of oology may or
may not be useful or interesting to
somebod}'^, but tome it seems worthy of
mention.

A pair of domestic Pigeon's eggs,
which it was supposed had l)een aban-
doned, and which were deemed to be
bad, were taken from the nest and one
of the eggs was thrown upon the ground
with considerable force. The shell
burst open, and there bleeding and
struggling was tht; embryonic inhabi-
tant with head in the shell, and the end
part entirely exposed. The hrst im-
pulse was to destroy the young pigeon,
but upon second thought the broken
shell was tenderly picked up, and re-
placed together with, the good egg in
the nest. This was on the 4th of March
1894. Today, March 17th that nest con-
tains two bouncing, and apparently en-
tirely sound. young pigeons. This egg
was not simply dropped— it was thrown
with force upon the ground.

Henry Kntaus,
Chicago, Illinois.

Notes From the Midwinter Pair.

As the western readers of the OoLO-
GIST enjoye 1 the interesting descrip-
tions of the World's Fair which appear-
ed in its columns, I thought perhaps a
few words concerning our Midwinter
Exposition might interest 'our eastern
friends and 1 have decided to tell them
in a general way about it,.

First, let me say we have a great Fair;
not as large as Chicago's, but one in
which a pei'son can easily spend a week
or longer according to his method of
sight-seeing. It is a Fair vvhich can be
comprehended and therefore apprecia-
ted. In less than six months from the
time the idea of holding a Fair was de-
cided upon, a hundred beautiful build-
ings had been erected and the Fair
opened to the throng of eager visitors.

Probably California is the only state
in which a "Midwinter" Fair could be
successfully held, because of its equable
climate. During this month, February,
all about the grounds flowers are bloom-
ing and tropical palms are waving in
the balmy breeze. The Fair has been
arranged with an eye to the picturesque,
and this makes a walk through the
grounds a continual pleasure. The
Grand Court is adorned with a lofty
electric tower and an electric fountain
of beautiful design and finish. About
the Grand Court are the main build-
ings; the Art Palace, Administration,
Horticultural, Manufactures and Liber-
al Arts, and Machinery.

All the main buildings and conces-
sions are finished in attractive colors
that catch the eye. Many of the con-
cessions that appeared at Chicago have
been reiiroduced here. We have no
Midway Plaisance, but the shows which
constituted that interesting part of the
Fair, are scattered throughout the
grounds. A Firth Wheel, correspond-
ing to the Ferris Wheel, is one of the
most stiiking objects on the grounds.
But we have one concession that is

IllK OOLOOIST

151

strictly western. This is the '4!) Miiiinrr
Camp and 3, most interesting exhibit it
is too: one representing early day*. As
we walk along one of the main streets,
a novel sign on the side points out the
way to the Mining Camp. A walk over
a picturesque trail through a grove of
pines leads us to the entranee of the
Camp. We pay our quarter and enlcr
the main street, which is lined on both
sides with genuine miners' (•al)ins,
brought from the mountains. These
all contain relics of the "days of old,
the days of gold and the days of '4i>."
A familiar mule train slowly winds its
way along the street at intervals, and is
in turn followed by the rumbling stage.
The cabins are too numerous to men-
tion. One bears a sign informing \\s
that "Keuo" is played within. Another
is the office of t,he '"Pepper Box" whicii
is supposed to disseminate the news
amongst the inhabitants of the ramp.
Then again comes the stage office from
whence departs the stage for such noted
places as Bad Man's Gulch, Red Dog,
Yankee Jims, Shirt-tail Canon anil
other places of equal!}' euphonious
names.

At the head of the main street is an
immense painting representing Mount
Shasta, and it is appai'eutly a mile
away, and is as clever an iilus on as I
have seen.

As one approaches the grounds he is
confronted l)y the mas&ive Firth wheel,
which towers above the surrounding
buildings majestically. From every
spire and turret floats a streamer of
brilliant hue or else the Stars and
Stripes. Upon entering the grounds it
is difficult to de(Mde where we shall be-
gin our sight-seeing. Close at hand are
the Colorado Gold Mine, in which the
complete process of mining is shown;
the Mirror Maze, Dante's Inferno, the
most hideous portion of which is doubt-
less the building which is modelled af-
ter a dragon, for I am informed the in-
terior is a"fake; 'the Hawaiian Volcano,

which is Very instructive and . realistic,
with its lakes nf lava, ancl numerous
other attractions. Possibly one of the
most intei'esliiig concessions is the
Scenic Railroad, which evei'yone is
tempted to try once at least. It is no
uncommon siglit I0 see a dusty granger
occupying the front s-eat, his teeth set,
as the ti'ain rushes down the steep
grade, his long locks floating in the
breeze.

In other parls of the Fair Grounds
are the Indian and Arizona Villages,
Boon's Arena of Wild Animals, Col.
Hafford's Ai-izona Museum and a score
ofothri- private concessions. It was
my fortune or rather misfortune to vis-
it the Arizona Museum, which is adver-
tised to contain matchless collections
of birds, and stufl'ed animals. There
are hundreds of specimens that the ver-
iest amateur would be ashamed to own.
No pretense is made to place the birds
in a life-like attit;ule, but half-stufl:'ed
they are nailed throiigh the back onto
the wall. A "Gila monster" was for-
merly kept on the outside and the show-
man never tired of extolling its poison-
ous propensities, but it has since shuf-
fled otT this mortal coil, and left Col.
H afford to his grief.

The private concessions aie of course
a secondary matter to the sight-seers,
and the tive main buildings afford
sights for many day's study. In the
Fine Arts Building is a collei-tion of rare
works of art. many of which are from
the brushes of western artist.s. The
Mechanics Arts Building is lilled with
mechanical contrivances, various exhi-
bits, and an extensive display of Cali-
fornia and Pacific 'Coast ores. Here
the Midwinter Fair souvenirs are coined
before the visitor's eyes. The Horti-
cultural Building is tilled with a most
interesting exhibit of California pro-
ducts, while the Manufactui'es and Lib-
eral Arts building contains the govern-
ment. Wells Fargo & Co's. as well as
many other valuable exhibits, besides a

153

THE OOLOGIST.

vast amount of manufactured products.

In the centre of the Grand Court ai'e
the Electric Fountain and Electric Tow-
er, both of which lend dazzlinj^ bril-
liancy to the Grand Court and the
grounds at night.

A number of the counties of (he St:\te
have erected handsome buildings in
Avhich to display their products, and
these are a source of great interest to
Eastern visitors. The products exhibi-
ted arc typical of the various sections
from which they come. Sauta Clara
County's prune horse and rider which
attracted so much attention at Chicago
has been reproduced and each county
has some piece composed of its pro-
ducts. Visitors will do well to not ov-
er look the Coimty exhibits, and all who
have a taste for our delightful hobbv of
ornithology vvill, as one ornithologist
expressed it "head straight for the Ala-
meda Co. Building as soon as they get
inside the gates." In, this building in
an alcove just above the entrance, up-
stairs, will be found the exhibit which
was prepared by Californian Ornitholo-
gists, a full account of which will con-
stitute my next rambling letter.

Golden Wkst

Aucidental Death of Birds

I notice in the OiiLOGisx an article on
the accidental death of birds which re-
calls to my mind an incident that oc-
curred at Metamorc. 111. in my boyhood
days in which five large Mallard Ducks
lost their lives from pure accident. It
•was late in the Fall when a wire had
been run across the street perhaps 50 or
60 feet high on Avhich to hang the Amer
lean Flag during the day. There Avas
a tall flag pole on the square also on the
top of which was a large loop of wire.
The night was dark and the wind blew
fearfully during a portion of the time
and it was during that period of j'^ear
when the Ducks were flying plentifully.
The wire was not far from mv father's

office and when I went out in the morn-
ing I found four dead Ducks in the
road not far from the wire with unmis-
takable evidences upon their bodies as
t(; the cause of their death. They had
flown or been blown in the darkness of
the n'ight against the outstretched wire
and killed. On looking up at the pole
I saw another dead one hanging with
his neck and head entangled in the loop
of wire at the top. He had evidently
been killed in the same Avay.
C. Ijp:oxard WniTEMiK'E, (Rush '85)
Waverlv, la.

Western New York Naturalists' Association.

The semi-annual meeting of the West-
ern New York Naturalists' Association
Avas held at Rochester, March 17th in
the rooms of the Young Men's Christ-
ian Association. Two scessions Avere
held.

The first session was held for the
transaction of business. E. J. Botsford
was elected to fill the vacancy in the
executive board caused by the resigna-
tion of E. B. Peck. Three new mem-
bers wei'e voted into the association
and designs were accepted for the offi-
cial seal and badge of the organization.
A petition Avas prepared asking the
Legislature to offer a bqunty for the
killing of English Sparrows.

At the second session the exhibit of
Indian relics made by L. V. Case, of
birds eggs, by B. S. Bowdish, and of
eggs, shells and corals by E. H. Short
were examined and discussed.

The Naturalists' Association was or-
ganized in Sei)tember, 1892, and since
that time has been steadily growing.
The last meeting was AA'^ell attended,
representatives being present from all
portions of Western NeAv York. The
Ed. of the OoLOGiST had anticipated
much pleasure in meeting Avith "the
boys" but unexpected business engage-
ments prevented.

THE OCLOGIST.

153:

The Oologist.

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to

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F. H. LATTIN, & CO., Publishers.
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$300 worth of desirable prizes among
the patrons, contributors and readers,
of the Oologist. Particulars in full,
next month.

Messrs. Frederick Warue & Co., 'New
York, will immediately commence the
publication of the "Library of Natural
History," the first instailm'piits of which
will compose The Royal Natural His-
tory, to be edited bv Mr. Richaril
Lydekker, B. A., F. G. S., F. Z. S., who-
is already well knowu to naturalists as.
an able scientist and the author of sev-
eral works on Mammals, etc. This will
form, when complete, an entirely new
General Natural Histoiy, thoroughly
abreast of the age; ful'l, -iccurate and
readable, anecdotic, and conveDieutly
arranged. It will contain some 1.600
illustrations by the most eminent
draughtsmen of the day, and a scries of
12 magnificent colored plates. This
work will occupy 36 monthly numbers,
and will be sold at 50 cents a number'.
Full details will be contained in an
illustrated prospectus now in hand.

We are indebted to Messrs J. Parker
Norris and J. Parker Norris Jr., of
Philadelphia, for a catalogue of their
Oological Collection. It has twice been
the privilege of the Editor to "go-
through" and '-feast his eyes" on this
wonderful collection and "he has long
intended and still intends to "some-
time" have more to say in relation to it.
For the present, however, the following
taken from the preface of the catalogue
must suffice: "This collection at the
present date— January 1, 181)4— consists
of 573 species, 5002 sets and 20,388 eggs.
It was the desire of its owners to pro-
cure full and complete series rather
than to obtain new species, hence the-
large number of sets in proportion to-
the number of species. It is especially
strong in series of Warblers, Hawks,,
and Owls, to which particular attention
is invited. No eftort has been made to
obtain the eggs of the- Water Birds as
it is practically impossible to secure a
good representation of them. Rid<T.
way's Nomenclature has been retained
as far as possible, as the collection was
already numbered and arranged in ac-
cordance with it long before the A. O.
U. Nomenclature was published."

]r,4

I'HK OOLUGIS'J'

FEBRUARY CONTEST.

Seventy-four Judges

Prizewinners and credits received by
■ea.' h were as follows:

1. Some Winter Bird N.otes, 331

2. George Newbold Lawrence, 193.

3. The Spring and Summer Birds of
Central Park, New York, 1 TT

4. ALetter from John B. Himltime,

140.

5. Watching Flickers, 137.

6. Great Horned Owl, 74.

Many of the Judges were at loss to
know as to whether the biographical
sketch of Mr. Lawrence or the letter
from John B. Hindtime were in the
contest or not, and as a result only 45
gave the former article votes and only
44 the latter, hence the number of cred-
its received for these articles was indeed
flattering, considering that two-fifths
of the Judges did not consider them in
the contest and gave them no credits.

The sketch should not and the letter
should have been considered in the
competition, but inasmuch as we failed
to make the anuouncnient at the time
the articles were printed— we settled
the question as follows: In awarding
Mss. prizes the sketch was rejected, but
in awarding the Judges it vvas allowed,
and the prize-takers were the ones who
voted for the first five of the articles
mentioned.

The Judges' prizes were awarded as
follows:

1. No. 51— Cyrus Crosby, Crosby, N.
y., 1, 2. 3, 5, 4.

2. No. 7— John Howe Slater, Wel)-
Uer, Mass., 1, 3, 2, 4. 5.

3. No. 44 — Raymond C.Osburn, Vau-
atta, O., 1, 3, 2, 5, 4.

4. No. 18— Ed.Doolittle, Painesville,
O., 1, 2, 5, 4, 3.

5 No. 8— Fred W. Parkhurst, Bath,
N. Y., 1, 3. 5, 2,4.

The following also named the fii'st
five articles:

No. 10— J. F. Parkhurst, Ills.

No. 13— Harold Holland, Ills.

No. 14 -C. H. Dickinson. Minn.

No. 23 — W. G Coleman, Iowa.

No. 26-Jay G. Smith. N. Y.

No. 17— Otto Grady, Ky

No. 34-Erle Morton, Kans.

No. 36— Wm. A. Achilles, Tex.

No. 42— C. H. Finne, Ark.

No. 45— W. D. Waltman, Colo.

No. 47-Geo. W. Dixon. So. Dak.

No. 57— Carleton R. Ball, la.

No. 71— N. M. Moran, Calif.

All prizes were mailed on March 1st.

MARCH CONTEST.

One Hundred Judges.

Prize winners and credits received by
each wei'e as follows:

1. Nesting Habits of the Brown Peli-
can in Florida, 469.

2. Scenes from the Life of Alexan-
der Wilson, 284.

3. Evening Grosbeak, 231.

4. Maryland Birds that Interest the
Spoilsman, 217.

5. My Friend, Hair3% 167.

The Judges prizes were awarded as
follows:

1. No. 6, Robt. McPherson, North
Adams, Mass., exact.

2. No. £0, Otto Grady, Ludlow, Ky.,
exact.

3. Walton Mitchell, St. Paul, Minn.,

1, 2, 4, 3, 5.

4. Charles Meyers, Elmore, Ohio, 1,

2, 4, 3, 5.

5. Leighton A. Hawley, New York
City, 1, 2; 4, 3, 5.

The following Judges also rendered
decisions identical to the ones winning
prizes 3, 4 and 5, and to each we award-
ed a copy of the Standard Catalogue.
No. 33, Erie Morton, Kans.
49, Tillman Bibbs, Tex.
57, "Collector" Jackson, Minn.
67, H L. Heaton, Kans.
76, F. A. Colby, Neb.
90, Frank D. Weeks, Oregon.
98, Harvey Hoskins, Oregon.
Twenty-eight other Judges named
the prize winning articles.
All prizes were mailed on April 7th.

THE 00LO(iIST.

155

OUR ANNUAL "EASTER" OFFER!

We

quote the following Liberal Offers, which will hold good at our Headquar-
ters, Albion. N. Y., uatil May 1st and at our Western Branch, No. 3571
Cottaee Grove Ave, Chicago, Ills, until April 25th only, on eggs
of the species mentioned. '

Orders of 50c. or over sent prepaid, under that amount 5c. must te added for postage and packing.

For $ 1 .OO you can seltct Eggs to the amount of $ 1.50
For 2.00 •• ■' " 3.50

For 3 OO " " " 6.00

For 5.00 " ■ " 11.25

For lO.OO " ■ ' 25. OO

For 2 5.00 or over, 10 per cent, discount from $10. on rates

All specimens will be carefully packed In strong tin or wooden boxes and sent at purchaser's risk
"by mall, our at or risk and purcliaser's expense by express.

SEOOND-CLASS SPECIMENS can be furnished of most of the species at one-half the price of a
first-class one.

A POINTER— Collectors well know how readily they can exchange some cheap egg. not found in
their locality with local collectors for specimens worth many times as much. Many wideawake col-
lectors win doubtless lay m a large supplv for this purpose.

Make remittances In most convenient manner. Address,

F. H. LATTIN & CO., ALBION, N. Y.,

OR, 3571 COTTAGE GROVE AVE., CHICAGO, ILLS.

On May 1st we close our Chicago Branch and our '94
"Easter" offer is made more In order to reduce our stock
tiiere than for any other purpose. Hence in addition to
the above 'discounts, we will include as a premium with all orders for eggs sent us at Chicago, and
received by us there on or before april 26th-;io^ a single day /n^fr— additional eggs to the amount
locts at full list prices, eltoer of your or our selection, for every dollar you may send us.

PREMIUMS.

AMERICAN EGGS, SINGLES.

Orders for the following Eggs can be sent
us at either Albion or Chicago.

Holboeirs Grebe 50

Homed Grebe 20

Amerii^an Eared Greb« 15

St. Domingo Grebe 50

Pied-billed Gr-he 10

Black-throated Loon 1 50

Puffin 20

Large-billed Puffin 00

Cas.sin's Auklet 1 .50

Black Guillemot 25

Murre 20

California Murre 20

Parasitic Jaeger 50

Long-tailed Jaeger 1 50

Kittiwake 40

Iceland Gull 1 25

Great Black-backed Gull.. 60

Western Gull 30

Herring Gull 20

American Herring Gull

California Gull

Ring-billed Gull

Laughing Gull

Franklin's Gull.

20
30
30
20
.35

Caspian Tern .50

" — ■ 40

40
10
08
10
15
08

Royal Tern
Cabot's Tern ..
Forster's Tern
Common Tern

Arctic Tern

Roseate Tern-
Least Tern

Sooty Tern 25

Bridled Tern 1 00

Noddy .50

Fulmar 75

Manx Shearwater 1 00

Audubon's Shearwater 1 50

Fork tailed Petrel 2 00

Leach's Petrel 20

Booby 1 75

Cormorant .50

Farallone Cormorant 50

Brandt's Cormorant 25

Baird's Cormorant 25

American White Pelican. . 35
California Brown Pelican.. 1 00

Man-o'-war Bird 1 00

Red-oreasted Merganser... 50

Hooded Merganser 2 00

Mallard 20

Florida Duck 1 00

Gadwall 75

European T> il 20

Blue- winged Tt.«l 20

Shoveller .50

Scaup Duck 75

Barrow's Golden-eye 1 00

Harlequin Duck 1 .50

White-fronted Goose 1 00

WhoopuiKSvvan 1 .50

Whistling Swan 2 .50

White-faced Glossy Ibis ... 1 00

Wood Ibis 1 00

American Bittern 75

Least Bittern 20

Great Blue Heron 25

American Egret 30

Snowy Heron 15

Reddish Egret 35

Louisiana Heron 13

Liitle Blue Heron 18

Green Heron 12

B'k-crowned Night Heron. 12

Y'w-crowned Night Heron 20

King Rail 20

Clapper Rail 18

Virginia Rail 80

Sora 10

Corncrake 20

Purple Gallinule 25

Florida Gallinule 10

Eur-'peanCoot 15

American Coot 08

Wilson's Phalarope 75

American Avocet 50

Black-necked Stilt 50

European Woodcock 1 75

Eui'opean Snipe 25

Wilson's Snipe 1 50

Western Willet 50

Bartramian Sandpiper 35

Spotted Sandpiper 15

Golden Plover 40

Killdeer 80

Wilson's Plover 85

Bob-white 10

Florida Bob-white 15

Texiin Bob-white 10

Mountain Partridge 75

California Partridge 10

Valley Partridge 20

Our otock is ve*-y low on many species named on this page. Hence,
ALWAYS name a few extras that we can send as substitutes in case we
are out of the species ordered. Address all orders to

Albion, N. Y.; or,
3571 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago,

F. H. LATTIN & CO.,

156

THE O0LO(TiST.

Sooty Grouse 85

Ruffed Grouse 15

Willow Ptarmigan .-. 1 00

Rock Ptarmigan 1 00

Prairie Hen 20

Sage Grouse SO

Chachalaca 75

Red-billed Pigeon 1 00

Wbite-crowned Pigeon 1 00

MoTirning Dove 03

White-fronted Dove 35

Wliite-winged Dove 30

Ground Dove 30

Mexican Ground Dove 50

Marsh Hawk 35

Cooper's Hawk 30

Harris's Hawk : 60

European Buzzard.. 40

Red-tailed Hawk 50

Western Red-tail 60

Red-shouidered Hawk 35

Fla. Red-sh'ld'd Hawk 65

White-tailed Hawk 1 S5

Swainson's Hawk 50

Broad-winged Hawk 1 00

Gray Sea Eagle 2 00

Gryfalcon 6 00

Duck Hawk 3 Of)

Kestrel 20

American Sparrow Hawk.. 20

Desert Sparrow Hawk 25

Audution's Caracara :. 1 00

American Osprey , 50

American Barn Owl ?0

American Lonf-eared Owl 35

Short-eared Owl 1 50

Barred Owl 1 00

Screech Owl 50

Florida Screech Owl 50

Texan Screech Owl 50

California Screech Owl 50

Great Horned Owl 1 00

Western Horned Owl 1 00

Hawk Owl 1 00

Burrowing Owl 15

Florida Burrowing Owl _ 1 50

Elf Owl 1 50

Ani 1 00

Grove-billed Ani 1 00

Road-runner 25

Yellow- billed Cuckoo 10

California Cuckoo 20

Bl<ickbilled Cuckoo 15

Belted Kingfisher 20

Hairy Woodpecker 50

South eiTiH airy •' 100

Downy Woodpecker 20

Red-cockaded Woodpecker 1 50

Baird's Woodpecker 1 00

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker . 50

Pileated Woodpecker 1 00

Red-headed Woodpecker . 08
Calif ornian Woodpecker .. 40

Lewis's Woodpecker 35

Red-bellied Woodpecker . 35
Golden-fr'ted Woodpecker 50

Flicker 03

Red-shafted Flicker 10

Northwestern Flicker 25

Merrill's Parauque - 3 50

Nighthawk 40

Western Nighthawk 40

Florida Nighthawk 1 00

Texan Nighthawk 40

Chimney Swift 12

Ruby-throated Hummer... 50
Black-chinned Hummer 50

Costa' s Hummingbird 75

Anna's Hummingbird 50

Scissor-tailed Flycatcher.. 10

Kingbird 03

Arkansas Kingbird 06

Cassin's Kingbird 25

Crested Flycatcher 12

Mexican Cr'ted Flycatcher 40
Ash-throated Flycatcher.. 25

Phoebe 04

Say's Phoebe 15

Black Phoebe 15

Wood Fewee 12

Western Wood Pewee 20

Western Flycatcher 20

Acadian Flycatcher 15

Little Flycatcher 25

Traill's Flycatcher 15

Least Flycatcher ... 15

Prairie Horned Lark 15

Desert Horned Lark.- 20

Ruddy Horned Lark 35

American Magpie 15

Yellow-balled Magpie 35

Blue Jay 01

Florida Blue Jay..., 35

Bhie-fronted Jay... 75

California Jay 25

GreenJay 1 -5

AmericanCrow 05

Florida Crow 35

Fish Crow : :%

Bobolink 25

Western Bobolink 35

Cowbird 03

Dwarf Cowbird 10

Red-eyed Cowbird '•0

Yellow-headed Blackbird.. 03

Red-winged Blackbird 02

Bicolored Blackbird 10

Tricolored Blackbird 15

Meadowlark 10

Western Meadowlark 10

Hooded Oriole 50

Arizona Hooded Oriole 35

Orchard Oriole 06

Baltimore Oriole 06

Bullock's Oriole 10

Brewer's Blackbird 03

Purple Grackle 05

Florida Grackle 10

Bronzed Grackle .....:.. 05

Great-tailed Grackle 15

Boat-tailed Grackle 15

Pine Grosbeak 1 25

Purple Finch 15

House Finch 05

Redpoll 35

American Goldfinch 50

Western Goldfinch 10

Arkansas Goldfinch 10

Lawrence's Goldfinch SO

Lapland Longspur 75

McCown's Longspur 1 00

Vesper Sparrow 05

Western Vesper Sparrow . 15

Savanna Sparrow 10

Grasshopper Sparrow 20

W. Grasshopper Sparrow.. 20

Sharp-tailed Sparrow 35

Lark Sparrow U5

Western Lark Sparrow. .. 05

Ganibel's Sparrow 15

White-throated Sparrow... 35

West'n Chipping Sparrow 10

Field Sparrow 03

Western Field Sparrow 25

Slate-colored Junco 20

Black-throated Sparrow. . 35

Song Sparrow 02

Heermann's SongSparrow 10

Samuel's Song Sparrow... 05

Rusty Song Sparrow 40

Swamp Sparrow 12

Texas Sparrow 50

Towhee 10

Spurred Townee 20

Oregon Towhee 25

California Towhee 10

Abert's Towhee 75

Cardinal 05

Gray-tailed Cardinal 1 50

Texan Cardinal 35

Rose- breasted Grosbeak 10

Black-headed Grosbeak 15

Blue Grosbeak SO"

Indigo Bunting 08^

Lazuli Bunting 20'

Painted Bunting 1q-

Sharpe's Seed-eater 1 OO-

Dickcissel 05-

Lark Bunting 25-

Scarlet Tanager _... 25-

Sumnier Tanager 25

Purple Martin 12

Cliff Swallow : 03

Barn Swallow 05

Tree Swallow 15

Rough-winged Swallow 35

Cedar Waxv\-ing 10-

Phainopej^a 35

Loggerhead Shrike 08-

White-rumped Shrike 08

California Shrike os

Red-eyed Vireo in

Warbling Vireo ]5

White-eyed Vireo 15

Bell's vireo 15

Prothonotary Warbler 25

Worm-eating Warbler 00

Blue-winged Warbler 1 50

Golden-winged Warbler. . 75

Lutescent VVarbler 75

Parula Warbler 20-

Yellow Warbler 05

Chestnut-sided Warbler ]5

B'kthi-oated Gr'n Warbler 50

Prairie Warbler 30

Louisiana Water-Thrush.. 50

Maryland Yellow-throat . 13'

Western Yellow- throat .... 25 ■

Yellow-breasted Chat 08

Long-tailed Chat 10

Hooded Warbler 55

American Bedstart 10

White Wagtail 15

Sage Thrasher 50

Mockingbird 05

Catbird 03

Brown Thrasher 03

Sennett's Thrasher 15-

Curve-billed Thrasher ....... 15

California Thrasher 20

Bendire's Thrasher 75

Cactus Wren 12

Rock Wren 50

Carolina Wren.... 10

Bewick's Wren 35-

Baird's Wren 25-

House Wren 05

Parkman's Wren 15

Western House Wren 08

Long-billed Marsh Wren... 05

White-breasted Nuthatch.. a5-

Brown-headed Nuthatch . . 25

Tufted Titmouse a5

Texan Tufted Titmouse ... 75 ■

Plain Titmouse 50

Chickadee 12

Carolina Chickadee 15

Mountain Chickadee 50

Wren-tit 50

Rush-Tit ■ 35

Verdin 35

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 30

Wood Thrush 06-

Wilson's Thrush 12

Russet-backed Thrush 15-

Olive-backed Thrush 35

Hermit Thrush 30

Red-winged Thrush 25

American Robin 03

Western Robin 10'

Wheatear 10

Bluebird 02

Western Bluebird 12

Mountain Bluebird 13

English Pheasant 25

European Goldfinch 20

English Sparrow 03-

European Tree Sparrow.. 15.

THE OOLOGIST.

167

MISCELLANEOUS. I Hammerhead Shark 15

'Gopher 35 | Nurse Shark 50

Skate 05 I Egg case of Periwinkle . . . 25

Shark 10 | Fossil Fish Eggs, per 12. 10

Devil-Fish

10 I Alligator 35

Crocodile 1 OO

Mud Turtle -. 10

Musk Turtle 15

Snapping Turtle 15

Ostrich (Hole in end) 1 50

Hummingbird nests lo to 50c. each according to condition and beauty.

FOREIGN EGGS, SINGLES,

All orders for the following Foreign Eggs
must be sent us at our Chicago Branch.

Les<?er Kestrel $

Sparrow Hawk

Marsh Harrier

Montague's Harrier

Swallow .

Nuthatch

Wren

Fire-crested Wren

Sedge Wilrbler

White-throat

Golden-crested Kinelet —

Whinchat

White-spotted Blue-throat

Brambllng

Missel Thrush

Song Thrush

Blackbird

Dipper

Pied Flycatcher

Red-backed Shrike ■

Jay

Magpie

Jackdaw

Greenfinch

House Sparrow

Rullflnch

Lesser Redpoll ....

White-winged Lark

Calandra Lark -^ 50 |

Short-toed Lark 12 |

Gt. Black Woodpecker . .75

Cuckoo 50

Cirl Bunting. ... 20

Yellow Bunting 05

Black-headed Bunting lo

Willow Warbler 0»

Robin 02

Common Sandpiper — . . . 15

Common Snipe 25

Water Rail ....-,... 30

White-fronted Goose..., .. 1 00

Moorhen 15

Sociable Plover ... ....... 30

Sand Martin... 03

Tree Creeper , 05

Capercaille 50

Piuk-footed Goose 1 00

j Ring Dove 10

Tu tie Dov .... , 05

Blackcap 05

Great Tit 20

Blue Tit 15

Marsh Tit :,...... SO

Kingfisher 15

I Barbary Partridge — . 10

1 Red-leg Partridge ... 15

Hobby Merlin 20

Egytptian Vulture 1 50

Carrion Crow 20

Chirt' Chaff 05

Sto-ie Chat 10

Rook' 10

Biift'-backed Heron 25

Black Stork 75

White Stork... '. : 1 50

Quail 10

Ring Ouzel 05

Gyrfalcon 6 00

Long-eared Owl 35

Tawny Owl.... 50

Liltle Owl 40

Redshanks 25

Stock Dove 15

Great-crested Grebe ....... v 50

Chuckar Partridge 20

Griffon Vulture 2 50

Arabian Vulture 5 00

PHILIPPINE EGGS.
Black-headed Weaver-bird 50

2nd class ■ 15

Bul-bul 75

2nd class 25

Sun Bird 2 00

Chinese Oriole 1 00

A ll/n?"DT^^ A \T T?n {'^ C! i^ Sets -with Data. For Sale at our Headquarters
AiTlXljrLlL Ai> JjiljlJlO the following sets should be sent us at Albion, N. Y

Orders for
only.

Puffin. 1

California Murre, 1

Great Black-backed Gull. 2-3

Ring-billed Gull. 3

Mew Gull. 2-3

Cabofs Tern. 3

For.ster's Tern. 3

Common Tern. 3

Sooiv Tern, 1

Bridled Tern 1

Noddy 1

Fulmar 1

Maux Shearwater 1

Audubon's Shearwater 1

Stoi my Petrel 1

Leath's Petrel 1

Yellow-billed Ti-opic Bird 1

Boob;N 1

Double crested Cormorant A

American White Pelican 2-3

Man-o'-wai Bird I

Wood Ibis 4 ' '

Least Bittern 4

Louisiana Her(.n 5

Little Blue Heioii 4 5

Green Heron 5

Virginia Rail 8

Chachalaca 3

Wbite-ci-owned Pigeon

Cooper's Hawk 3-4

Harris's Hawk 3

Red-tailed Hawk 4
Red-shouldered Hawk 2
Swainson's Hawk 3
Broad-winged Hawk 3
American Osprey 3
Belted Kingfisher 7
Hairy Woodpecker 6
Runy-throated Hum'g bird
Crested Flycatcher 4
Wood Pewee n-3
Prairie Hoi-ned Lark 2-4
Blue Jay 4-5
American Crow 5
Meadowlark 5
Western Meadowlark 5
Baltimore Oriole 5
Bronzed Grackle 5
House Finch 3
American Goldfinch n-5
Vesper Sparrow 4
Western Lark Sparrow
Field Sparrow 4
Song Sparrow 5
Swamp Sparrow 4
Towhee 3

Rose -breasted Grosbeak 3
Lazuli Bunting 4
Sharpe's Seed-eater n-3
Scarlet Tanager 4
Bank Swallow 4
Cedar Waxwing 4

I Whiternmped Shrike ti
Red-eyed Vireo 3
Warbling Vireo 4
Chestnut-sided Warbler 4
American Redstart 3-4
Brown Thi-asher 4
California Thrasher 3
House Wren 5
Long-billed Marsh Wi'en 5
Chickadee 9
Wood Thrush 4

FOREIGN EGGS.
Red-breasted Merganser .5-7
Widgeon 5-9
Scoter 5

Whooping Swan 3
Curlew 3-4
Golden Plover 4
Rock Ptarmigan 12
Gryfalcon 2-4
Duck Hawk 4
Kestrel 5
Numidian Crane 1
Cinereus Crane 1-2
Egyptian Vultur' 2
Griffin Vulture 2 ,
Quail 10

Red legged Partrii-'-e 10
Orient Eagle 2
Rough-footed Eagle
Red Grouse 10

Our stock is very low on many species named on tlnis page. Hence.
ALWAYS name a few extras tliat we can send as substitutes in case we
are out of the species ordered. Address all orders to

r. H. LA I I 1 N 06 UU., 3571 cottage Grove" Ave.. Chicago.

158

AMERICAN EGGS

St Domiugo Grebe 4
Pied-blll Grebe 6-7
Black-throat Loon 3
Puffin 1

Large-bill Puffin 1
Black Guillemot 2
Murre 1

Parasitic Jaeger x;
Iceland Gull 'i
Gt. Blk. back Gull 8
Herring Gull 3-3
Amer. Herring Gull 3
Ring-bill Gull 3
Laughing Gull 2-3
Franklin's Gull 3
Sooty Tern 1
Noddy •■ 1
Bridled - 1
Fulmar 1

Manx Shearwater 1
Audubon's Shearwater 1
Fork-tail Petrel 1
Leach's Petrel 1
Farralone Cormorant 4
Brandt's " 3

Am. White Pelican 2
Man O' War Bird 1
European Teal 4
Blue-wmg Teal 5-7
Barrows Golden-eye 12
Scoter Eup. 6
White-faced Glossy Ibis 3
Wood Ibis 4
Least Bittern 6
Reddish Egret 4
Little Blue Heron 3-4
Green Heron 4-5
B. C. Night Heron 4
Com Crake 7
Amer. Coot 5-6
Eng. Snipe 4
Wilson Snipe 2-3
Spotted Sandpiper 4
Curlew 3
Bob-white 4
Florida Bobwhite 9
Ruffed Grouse 12
Rock Ptarmigan 5-10
Prairie Hen 13
Cooper's Hawk 4
Harris' Hawk 2
Red-tail Hawk 1-2
Western Red tall 2
American Osprey 3
Long-ear Owl 4 5
Barred Owl 3
Screech Owl 4
Great Horned Owl 3
West. '• "3

THE OOLOGIST.

in Set^ with data. For sale at our Chicago Branch. Orders for the
following sets will be tilled from our Chicago Store only.

Fla. Screech Owl 3

Texan Sf-reech Owl 4

Calif. •■ " 4

Chachalaca 3

Red-bill Pigeon I

White-crown Pigeon 2

Mourning Dove ~
1 Ground "■ 3

Mex. Ground Dove 2
; Yellow-billed Cuckoo 4
I Black-billed " 3-4

Belted KingQsher 4 5-6

Merrill's Pnraque 2

Hairy Woodpecker 3

So. '■ " 4

Downy '■ 4-5-6

Baird's " 4

Red-headed " 4

Califoi'nia ■' 3

Lewis' '■ 6

Ked-bellied - 4

Golden fronted Woodpecker 4

Golden- winged "• 4-5

Red-shafted " 4-5-6

Northwestern Flicker 6-8

Night Hawk 2

Chimney Swift 3-4
Scissor-tailed Flycatcher 4
Cassin's Kingbird 5
Mex. Crested Flycatcher 4-5
Phoebe 4-5
Wood Pewee 2-3
Western Flycatcher 4
Western Wood Pewee 3
Little Flycatcher 2-3
Traill's '• 2-3

Least '■ 3-4

Prairie Hoi-ned Lark 3-t
Fla. Blue Jay 3-4
Calif. Jay 2-3
American Crow 3-4-6
Starling 4

Brewer's Blackbird 4-5
Purple Grackle 3-5
Great-tailed Grackle 3-4
Bobolink 4
Western Bobolink 4-5
Red-winged Blackbird 4
Bi-colored ■■ 4

Tri-colored " 4

Meadow Lark 4-5
Western Meadow Lark 3 4-5
Arizona Hooded Oriole 4
Orchard Oriole 4-5
Baltimore " 3-4-6
Bullock's Oriole 4-7
Towhee 3
Cardinal 3-4

I Gray-tail Cardinal 3-4

Texan " 4

Spiirred Towhee 3

Oregon ■• 3-4

! California ■• 3-t

Abert's '• 2

Rose-breasted Grosbeak 3-4

Blri.'k-headed " 2-3

Blue •■ 2-3

Indigo Bunting 3

Lazuli •• 3

Sharpe's Seedeater n-3

Pine Grosbeak (Eng). 3

House Finch 4

J^ed-poll6

American Goldfinch 4-5-6

Arkansas " 4-5

Lapland Longspur 4-5

McOowns " 4

Dickcissel 4

Csctus Wren 3

House •' 6-7

White-breasted Nuthatch 6

Chickadee 6

Russet-backed Thrush 3-4

Vesper Sparrow 4

Grasshopper "

4-5

Lark

4

Chipping

3-4

West. ••

3

Field

4

Song

4-5

Mt. Song

3-4

Heer. •■

3-4

Samls"

3-4

Rusty:'

4

Swamp

4-5

Texas

4

Purple Martin 4

Cliff Swallow 4

Barn '• 4

Tree '• 4-6

Bank '■ 4-5

White-rumned Shrike 4-6

Red-eyed Vireo 2-3

Bell's Vireo 3

Yellow Warbler 4

Chestnut-sided Warbler 3

Prairie

2-3.

Yellow-breast Chat 3-4

Long-tailed Chat 4

American Redstart 4

White Wagtail 5

Sage Thrasher 5

Mockingbird 3-4

Catbird 4-4

Brown Thrasher

4

Sennett's

•4

California

3

EGGS IN COLLECTIONS AT A SACRIFICE.

At the prices given below, our patrons simply send us the amount named and we send them a first
class collection of desirable first class eggs which at regular rates would amount to prices stated.

While the selection must be left entirely with us, we will, however try and accommodate them a&
far as possible by sending eggs either native or lorelgn to their locality: either cheap or lilgh priced
ones; or either of water or land species- In lact if they will ••hint" about what they mostly desire, we
will do as well as we possibly can tor them.

Collections worth from $2 to $200 at from one-half to one-
fourth usual prices.

For $1 we will send you prepaid $2 worth of singles or sets, our selec-
tion, no duplicates.

For $5 we wili send you $12 worth of singles or sets, our selection, no
duplicates.

For$10wewill send you $30 worth of singles or sets, our selection, no
duplicates.

For $30 we will send you a collection of $lOO worth of singles or sets,
our selection, no duplicates.

For $50 we will send a collection of $200 worth of singles or sets, our
selection, no duplicates.

. ,Oy"" stock is very low on many species named on this page. Hence,
ALWAYS name a few extras that we can send; as substitutes in case we
are out of the species ordered. Address all orders to

F. H. LATTIN & CO.,

Albion. N . Y.; or.
3571 Cottage Grove Ave..

Chicago.

159^

CATALOGUE

Light E^oadster. Weight, 25 Ibe.

FREE TO ALL..

Send for one — it will interest you.

In our Six New Models you will find just what you

want. All the latest improvements. All sizes and

prices. Guaranteed to be equal to any, regardless

of price.

rianufacturers and Jobbers

John P. Lovell Arms Co,, jng'Ss^''^''''^'"''

BOSTON, riASS.

C

4

«

AGENTS WANTED — Write for terms.

NIAQARA FALLS.

Hundreds of the Leaders of the Cologiht visit Niagara annually
and they always make it a point to visit

TUGBY'S NEW MUSEUM.

This newmnsenm is located on Falls stn^et, only a fe v stej^s from R.
R. Depots — Electric car line passes its euf ranee — and - c^npies a new
three story buildinp, which cost thousands of dollars to lunki and fill —
Amonp; the hundreds- of attractions within will he found ;i large and
magnificent colleclion of Birds and the tAHOEsT r()T.L7':c'ii< iv of birds
EGOS in a Pubhc Museum in the Statc!. It is a wfll kno\»n fact the
World over that TUGBY of Niagara Fallni, N. Y. is HRADQUAirrEEs for
EVERYTHING in the Curio, Specimen, Novelty or Souvenir \\\w. pertain-
ing to Niagara.

160

THE (X)LO(UST.

Bird Life in "Forest and Stream.'*

SNOWY OWLS.

Sp«eiiuca iilustnition from tlio Nntiiral Ilistcu-j roliiniii!. of >' Fo

st ami Stream."

No one who is
interested in
bird life can af=
ford to miss the
Natural History
columns of the

FOREST S STREAM.

Send lo cts. for
specimen copy,
with free cata=
log of our books
on Natural His=
tory & Outdoor
Sports.

Everybody knows that FOREST AND STREAAl has tens of thousands of
sportsmen readers. Did it ever occur to you that every year between 3,000
and 5,000 sportsmen write for it? Take the great West, for instance. West=
ern sportsmen send it stories of their adventures with grizzlies and mountain

lions; of hunting the deer, the elk, the
mountain sheep ; of shooting prairie
chickens, grouse, quail and ducks; of
fishing for trout, bass, pike, pickerel
and muscaSonge; of wolf and jack rab=
bit coursing; with talk of gun, dog and
camp — in fact, pictures of every phase
of a Western sportsman's life. And as
in the West, so in the East, the South,
the North, flexico, Canada — every =
where. This is why FOREST AND STREAM h::s come to be in every section
the sportsman's favorite journal. This is why we wan£you to know it, to read
it, to write for it, to join the great army of those who are helping to make it,
who are enjoying its reading every week. Ct is a bright, clean, healthy, manly
paper for you and your family. The subscription price is $4.00. Address

Forest and Stream Pub. Co., 318 Broadway, New York.

A Weekly Journai, of the Rod and Gun.

1;STABL1SHED TWENTY YEARS • ILLUSTRATED.

Monthly,

ulj* ^^^' P®^ Year. "^

VOL. XI. NO. 5.

ALBION, N. Y., MAY, 1894.

Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales.

Whole No. 103

Brtef special announcements. "Wants," "Excliang-es" "For Sales," inserted in this department
for .500 per 3.5 words. Notices over 3.5 words, charged at the rate or one cent per each additional
word. No notice Inserted for less than 50c. Terms, ca.sh with order.

"Dealers" can use these columns at Regular Adverdsing rates. <mUi.

Strictly First-class specimens will be accepted in payment at one-halt list rates.

E.xchange cards and Coupons (subscription) will be accepted for '-Wantii'" and ••ExcUanees" only
and according to conditions stated thereon.

••I suppose it is hardly necessary for me to
say that my adv. In the Ooi.ogist gave me more
applications than I could fill. I am more than
pleased." J. H. Bowles. Ponkapog. Mass.

OPALS.— I am selling out cheap a small col-
lection of Gems. Will send, postpaid. Oval.
25c: Moonstone. 2.5e: Garnet. ?1..50: Aquamar-
ine, $3. All choice, finelv cut. and ready for set-
ting. EDWIN C. ATKINSON, 116 North 19th
St., Philadelphia.

WANTED.— Relics of the Mound-builders.
Aztecs, or other pre-historic American races.
Scientific publicaiions. minerals or cash given.
FRANKLIN C. JOHNSON. Boonville. Oneida
Co., N. Y.

"My adv. in the Want Column has given me
much pleasure. Have obtained all but the
January number. Hardly expected to find the
numbers I did find. Your Want Column is
worth twice and three times what the contri-
butors pav for it. Paul VanderEike. St. Croix
Falls. Wise.

FOR SALE at a bargain.— Four good collec-
tions as follows: Oneot Shells valued at ?25.
One of minerals. $1,5. One of fossils. $8. One of
Indian relics, $>f>. Will sell at about half price.
Parties meaning business are requested to
send stamp and mention which list you want.
GEO. W. DIXON. Watertown. S. D.

STAMPS.— Better quality, greater varietv.
Packets. 2.5 varieties Uc: ^b varieties 20c: 200
assorted 1.5c: No. 10 used and unused 25 varie-
ties .50c '•^/•j/. /?//'': No. .50. 15 unu.'<ert 25c: ap-
proval sheets, net prices discount rates, some-
thing new. try one. HOWARD M. GILLET.
Lebanon Springs. N. Y.

TO EXCHAN>tE.— Fine set Columbian issue
stamps to II inclusive, for best offer ot eggs in
.singles. WILLI M B.^KER. Vancouver,
Wash.. Care of J. W. PETKAN.

FOR SALB: or Exchange— Violin with case
and magic lantern with about 50 \news. will ex-
change for bicycle pneumatic tire. tj-pewrlt«r,
printing press or offers. Address, JAS. E.
REICH. Salem. N. C.

TO EXCHANGE. Good $1 dark lantern and
Stanleys HisCorv of Birds, gilt, for a good 22 or
.32 cal. rifle. HENRY TOLMAN. Washington
St., Newton. Mass.

WANTED- Address of every Ornithologist in
Iowa, in order to see if there are e:iough inter-
ested in the studv in our state, to form an As-
sociation. DAVID L. SAVAGE.. Salem. Henry
Co.. Iowa.

NOTICE.— Will exchange Frank Wesson 82
cal. rifie. skeleton stock. 18 inch barrel for
either Cones' Key, Ridgway's Manual of North
American Birds or Nii tail's Ornitholos^v in lat-
est edition. H. B. JOHNSON. Box 693 Orange.
Ma.ss.

• BIRDS EGGS. Geodes. Minerals. Fossils.
Picture Cards. Books of Histories. Adventur-
ers. Novels, etc.. for any kinds of Columbian.
l.S90.3cts and higher, old XJ. S . Confederate and
choice foreiarn stamps, curiosities, autographs
and photofffaphs of Great Men. ROBERT L.
STEPHENS. Danville. Ills.

INDIAN RELICS from Chenango Co.. N. Y.
A lot of these to exchange for rare U. S post-
age stamps. Will take old collections "n ex-
amination. F. N, SILL, 199 Hamilton St.. Al-
bany. N. Y.

IDAHO Cabinet Fpecimens— Minerals, fos-
silized and native wood. Indian relics, curios
deer antlers and many othei articles that make
nice cab'net spefimens, foi sale very cheap or
will ex. for merchandise, .state what vou have.
W. F. .STONE. Junction. Lemhi Co.. Idaho.

THE followiP" in exchange for bird skins or
sets with data: Magic Lantern and 24 slides,
throws 8 ft. \'lew. 4x5 and 8x10 Waterbury
lenses : German Imperial accordeon and case
and new landing net. P. K. OILMAN. 170 9th
St., Oakland. Calif.

MINERALS.— Will exchange Free Gold and
Silver Iron pyrites. Copper, Nickle. Galena
crystals, amethyst, calcite. spar, apatite and
many others for any other mineral. Good
showy specimens. S. G. FOGG, Box 56, Rat
Portage, Ontario.

162

THE OOLOGIST.

WANTED.— Tarantulas in alcohol and com-
mon western eggs in sets for Oologists of 1890,
1891. 1893. 1893 in good condition. WALTER C.
METZ. SO N. First St., Newark, Ohio.

WANTED.— 523 cal. collecting gun for us»
with shot cartridges. New or Snd hand, good
condition. Easily taken apart. Give price.
R. P. CURRIE, Care Executive Committee on
Awards, Pacific Building, Washington. D. C

A FINE Collection of showy minerals, also
Indian arrow heads and curiosities to exchange
for good stamps or a camera. The above val-
ued at $10 to he sold che.ip or for exchange. A.
R.. lb Pearl St., St. Johnsbury, Vt.

I HAVE a fine collection of eggs. 175 varieties,
mostly Fla. Eggs, which I will sell at one-third
catalogue rates, also have eggs to exch autre.
All letters answered. BRYAN M. GRANT,
Tallahassee, Fla.

It gives me great pleasure to be able to say
that the OoLOGiST as an advertising medium,
in its special branch, is absolutely imrivalled.
Having received answers from all parts of the
U. S.. Canada and Mexico, adding many desir-
able specimens to my collections. S. Van Rens-
selaer, Jr., 39 Broadway, N. Y. City.

FOR SALE or Exchange —18 No's Auk. ti
vols of O. and O.. 3 vols of Outmg. 3 vols, of Gt.
Divide, 55 No's of Ooi.ogist and 140 other books
and papers on O. and O. Also 33 cal, Smith «&
Wesson and 44 cal. d aible action Frontier re-
volver and Skulls of Fox, Skunk, Raccoon and
Cat. H. C. CAMPBELL, Lansingburgh, Rens.
Co., N. Y.

Enclosed is 1.00 and copy of another exchange
notice for May Oologist. There's a good old
saying that "-the proof of the pudding is in the
eating, " and you can judge for yourself, by the
number of exchange notices I send for your
paper, as to what returns I get from them.
Geo. W. Dixon, Walertown, S. D.

TIN QUARTZ.- "Fine Cabinet Specimens"
bv mail 35c. Also Bad Land specimens cheap.
JOHN CASHNER, City Treasurer, Spearflsh,
So. Dak. Always mention the Oologist.

TO EXCHANGE.— Fine Southern California
sets and skins with full data, for flrst-class
skins from the Eastern States. JOE GRIN-
NELL, Pasadena, Cal.

PHILATELISTS.- 1 have about .5000 stamps
to exchange for specimens in any department
of Natural Science. J. A. CORCORAN, 155
Cowan Ave.. Toronto, Ont.

I condsider the Oologist unsurpassed by
any Naturalist's Magazine as an advertise-
ing medium. From one notice inserted in its
columns I received over 175 replies. C. M. Hat-
field, Los Angeles, Calif.

100 Foreign Stamps, all different, for every 30
different U. S. stamps sent me. Manton's Tax-
idermy for best offer Columbian stamps. F A.
GREGORY, 1234 N. Court St., Rockford. 111.

FOR SALE.— Beautiful ore specimens from
the mines for 35 cts., large ones .50 cts. Post-
paid. Reductions on large orders. Write
quick. Address, MRS. T. P. CHASE, Lock
Box 146, Socorro, New Mexico.

TO EXCHANGE.— I have a $35 Stainer viol-
in in good condition, for best offer in eggs or
oological instruments, or for a cUrinet Also
Bb cornet, value $,35 for best offer. All' letters
answered. GUY E. GLENN, Glencoe, Neb.

FOR SALE. - A good magic lantern with 11
slides for $3. or will exchange. HENRY TOL-
MAN, JR., Washington St., Newton, Mass.

TO EXCHANGE.— Bb Cornet, Century Mag-
azine. Columbian Stamps, sets and singles for
sets, live birds and works on Ornithology and
Oology. ROBERT TOMLINSON, Alden, Iowa,

FOR EXCHAVGE.— Flobert Rifle, 83 cal..
Remington action, walnut checked. Pistol Grip
stock, weight &}<■ lbs.. Accurate Shooter, Nearly
New, Cost $5. Will exchange for U. S. coins.
Make offers. A. B. ROBERTS, Weymouth,
Medina Co., Ohio.;^

TO EXCHANGE.— Bb Cornet, Century Mag-
azines, Columbian Stamps, sets and singles;
for sets, live birds and works on Ornithology
and Oology. ROBERT TOMLINSON. Alde^n,
Iowa.

TO EXCHANGE.— A pair Of three spike deer
horns unraoiinted, for Davie's "Nests and
Eggs" in perfect condition. J. R. KELLER,
113 W. Main St., Batavia. N. Y.

• 'I have had quite a shower of ans. to the
March number. More than any other Mag. or
Journal." John Cashner, Citj' Treas., Spear-
fish, So. Dak.

CAMERA and single barrel shot gun chaap.
Ci)ins, books, fountain pen and magic lantern
will exchange for botanical literature or spec-
imens. Pressed plants exchanged. H. P,
CHANDLER, Beaver Dam., Wis.

FOR SALE or Trade.— One Edwin Ladmore
double barrel shot gun. No. 13 gauge, perfect
order, cost nearly $300, sell cheap or trade, One
=4 size 4 string double bass, cost $43. $35 will
take it. I want Bb Cornet (silver). JULIUS
GILBERT, Parker, Sc Dak.

FOR SALE.— No. 1 Kodak, cost $25 in per-
fect condition with sole-leather carrying case,
$10, castings and fittings complete for 1-10 H. P.
electric motor, $3 Remington 33 cal. rifle, $3.
Five drawer egg cabinet, $3. Live chameleons,
expressage prepaid, two dozen for $1. A. B.
BLAKEMORE, 380 St. Andrew St., New Or-
leans, La.

I WILL give $10 worth of 1st class birds eggs
for a copy of Coues' Key in A 1 condition. W.-
H. DEADERICK, Clarksville, Tenn.

WANTED.— Live birds and animals, will pay
cash or give In exchange stamps or Indian Rel-
ics. BLENN R. BALES, Cirdeville, Ohio.

I WILL Pay cash for a few sets of desirable
eggs if very cheap. Those having eggs for sale
send list. Some common eggs also wanted.
CHAS. L. BARTLETT, Clayton, Ills.

Have received one hundred answers from my
exchange notice already. Your paper is a fine
advertising medium. Guy Conley, Austin Tex.

FOR EXCHANGE.— Smith & AVesson, safety
hammerless revolver (new); Fine Violin outfit;
many Scientific Books. Wanted, Rifie and
Colt's frontier double action revolver. MAR-
CUS S. FARR, University of Chicago, Chicago.
Illinois.

WANTED.— To correspond with collectors
who can furnish live Canada Grouse or Pas-
senger Pigeons during the coming spring and
summer. Parties who can furnish the same
address. B. BUCKENHAM, Chestnut Hill.
Phila., Pa.

THE OOLOGIST.

163

I SEND postpaid twelve 5i^ specimens, fos-
•8ils. minerals, curios ti'om all parts U. S. with
full description of eacli for -^bc. GORDON L.
ELLIOTT, Allison, la.

INDIAN RELICS and old almanacs in ex-
change for eggs in sets or singles also eggs
from other localities in exchange for eggs from
this locality, GEO. A. SMITH. Oakfleld. Gen-
■esee Co., N. Y.

I have received over one hundred replies to
my adv. in March No. of the Oologist. It is
worth 10 times its cost to any one. WILL D.
LORD, Burlington. Mich.

IOWA Oi'nithologists who are interested in
forming an Iowa Association of Ornithologists
please communicate with DAVID L. SAVAGE,
Salem. Iowa or ERNEST IRONS, CouQcil
Bluffs, la.

WANTED.— Specimens of Wood. Orange,
Lemon, Camphor, Sandal, Olive, Rose, Citron
or any native southern or foreign wood. Will
exchange Indian relics for above. CHARLIE
P. HAZLEHURST, Brantford, Ont.

WESTERN Bird Skins.-Choice Minn.. Colo,
and Pacific coast species. Also 4x.'5 detective
camera, will exchange for photographic sup-
plies. S2 S. & W. double actii<n or hammerless
with reloading set, or good VJ ga. shot gun that
are in fine condition only, no worn out guns
wanted at any price. Views on Natural His-
tory subjects for same. GEO. G. CANTWELL.
Puyallup. Wash.

THE TARANTULA or ti'ap door spider's
nest is perhaps the most curious as well as the
most wonderful piece of Insect work known.
The ne«t is closed with a water tight trap door
having an elastic hinge. The inside of-" the
door, as well as the tiibe itself is beautifully
lined with a silken web. It is a valuable cu-
riosity, and a great addition to any cabinet, and
will be sent postpaid to any address on receipt
of only 2r)C. Agents wanted. Address, C. M.
HATFIELD, Los Angeles. Calif.

FOR S.A.LE or Exchange.— Birds Eggs from
here v'ery fine specimens of pure White
Quartz (g: .^-lO-2f> and .tO cts., a few colored spec-
imens at same prices. One very large hand-
some pink and white .striped Feldspar or
Quartz stone 12. .iO. Want other fine showy
Minerals. Petrified Woods and good Indian Rel-
ics. Al'^o one new copy each of Cones' Key of
N. A. Birds and Maynard's Eggs of N. A. Birds.
Parties asking questions please send stamp for
reply. GEO. W. DIXON. Watertown, S. D.

IT. S. STAMPS wanted in ex. for following:
Davie's Nest and Eggs of N. Am. Birds, cloth
bound, new: Scott's complete works, 12 vol..
paner bound : one doz. Monroe Ink Erasers.
HENRY A. LAFLER. Albion, N, Y.

A SERIES of Gala. Murre Eggs is what you
want. They show wonderful variation in color
and marking aud catch the eve. We can fur
nish beautiful series of from 1 to 100 at aston-
ishing low rates. Send stamp for our attrac-
tive circular. .Tu«t out. It tells all about them
BARLOW & OSGOOD, San Jose, Calif.

TO EXCHANGE— Am. Side-.snap single gun,
I'iga.. good condition for bt'st offer in tir.-tclass
Bird, mammal skins and skulls and Books on
Ornithology and Mammalogy. Will pay cash
for Jordan's Manual '92 and "Zoology of Mexi-
can Boundary Survey. J. O. DUNN. 3(50 39th
ist., Chicago.

CALIFORNIA Birds and Eggs.— Extra fine
skins and mounted birds at bedi-ock prices.
Mounted collections furnished on short notice
at great discount. Eggs in sets for sale cheap.
Send stamp for price lists. Satisfaction gviar-
anteed. F. I. ATHERTON, Box 60, Los Gatos,
California. A2t

OF INTEREST to Stamp Collecters.— 600 dif-
ferent cheap set* for sale; for instance 6 Chili
.5c. : 4 Costa Rica .3c. : 6 Ecuador be. ; b Guate-
mala .5c. ; 6 Hong Kong 7c. ; 7 Japan f)C.; 3 Lib-
eria 12c. ; b Salvador lUc. ; 8 Simoa, current is-
sue, 50c. and many others. Send for dull price
list. W. BELLSCHOPP & CO., 108 Stockton
St.. San Francisco, Cal. A3t

WE WILL give specimens of any kind, adver-
tising space in the Oologist, and for extra good
offers anything we offer tor sale or possibly
CASH for lirst-class Indian Relics, or lor new or
'iA hand boojcs on Natural History, in good condi-
tion, ornithology or oology preferred— a set of
the "Natural History of New York" and copies of
"Cones' Key" especially desired. F. H. LATTIN
& CO Albion, N. Y.

A NEW method of mining, milling, roasting
and smelting different kinds of ores has been
successtuUy demonstrated in Germany, and Is
now being Introduced with unprecedenied suc-
cess. The slow and cumbersome methods here-
tr fore employed will be discarded, and the cost
of various ores In treatment or conversion into
metal, especially Leads. Zinc and Silver Ores,
Nickel, Cobalt and Copper, greatly reduced. All
ttie matter of the latter, which was heretofore
sent to Germany, is now being refined in the
United states. THE HARTSFELD GERMAN
MINING SYNDICATE Of NEWPORT, KY. in-
vites correspondence. (See their advertisement.)

TO EXCHANGE.— Specimens of Fossil
Palms. Ferns, Leaves from Coal Mines of N.
E. Penna for Fossils, Indian Relics or Miner-
als. H. MYERS, Archbald, Pa. A-M

STAMP.S on Approval.— iO per cent. Commis-
sion. f)0 varieties stamps including Japan 10c,
lOO varieties including Siam 15c, 200 varieties
including Monaco and Hayti .50c, 7 varieties
Ecuador unused 10c, MEEKER-TOWE
STAMP CO., P. O. Box 296, Bridgeport Ct. A3t

FOR THE Magnifying glass.^Gold mixed
with black sand under good glass appears large
as nuggets, sample, postpaid 2.5c. For any sea
bird eggs, coins, bank and Confed. bills (value
20c.) sent me, I will send good receipt for clean-
ing finger marks, etc. from surface of eggs.
Wanted to ex. first-class eggs with data for any
of the following: Eggs in sets,large field glasses,
sheet music, short hand instruction books,
stamp and coin collections. All letters an-
swered. THOS. STANLEY, Bauner, Sxn
Diego Co., Calif.

WANTED.— Small holed, authentic sets not
disfigured with datas or large numbers; with
detached data: 1891 collecting preferred, A. O.
U. No's 27. 31. 49, 51a, .5.'^ 54, .58, 59, 63, 70, 71, 72,
74,7.5.80,106,117, 118, 119. '20, I20a. 120b, I20c,
122, 132. iZi 1.S6, 139, 140, 141, 146, 148, 154, 1.59, 160,
164, 167, 184. 186. 193, 194, 19.5, 196. 197, 198, 199, 203,
210, 211, 211a, 213. 218. 220. 229. 24.3. 2.52, 258, 2.58a,
260, 373, 275. 276. 278. 285. 286. 889. 389a, 289b, 293a,
294, 294a, 295. SIX), 305, 332, 336. .-358.1. 3,S7a,.S90, 407,
408, 409, 413. 413a. 420a, 421. 423. 443. 448, 462, 464,
474c. 474d. 474f, 476. 481,488a. 489. 490. 494. .'■)08, .511.
511a. 517, 539, .529a. .530a. .531. .540a, 540b. 542a. .542b.
546. .546a. .552. .56,3a. .567, .573, 581d, .587, 601, 612, 616,
687, 694, 698, 703, 704, 710. 719a. 721b, 7i5, 730, 7.3,5,
743, 746. 7.58, 7.59b. 760, 761a, 765, 767. 768. Must be
A 1 and reasonable. H. B. HOLLIS, Wellesley
Hills, Mass.

164

THE OOLO(}IST.

WHAT am I offered for a folding canvas
canoe, which is as good as new manufacturers
price tbirty-five dollars, d. H. SHERIDAN,
Highland Ave.. Chestnut Hill, Phila.. Pa.

FOR KXCHANGE.— HumraingMrd's eggs in
sets with nest or California Bush Tit's eggs in
sets with data. GEO. S. GREENE. U47 Tem-
ple St.. Los Angeles, Cal.

PRINTING PRESS for sale. Excelsior Self
inker. 5x8. .5 fonts of types, rules, furniture,
ink, etc.. only $12. A. M. EDDY, Albion. N Y.

FOR EXCHANGE. -I have about SI.t worth
of bird eggs that I will trade for old coins of U.
S.,also for sale a Waterbury 5x8 camera for $10.
Write for particulars. T. M. WKIGHT. JR.,
Troy. Ohio.

TO EXCHANGE. -800 foreign stamps. 700 U.
S. postmarks. Polyphemus and Ctcropia co-
coons for fine Rugby football or U. S. stamps.
2R in. ball bearing convertible safety in fair
condition for $8 cash, cost $4.5. R. V. N. DAVIS,
Park St.. Rutland. Vt.

A ($r.5) Franklin Typewriter and ($16) Edison
Mimeograph nearly new to exchange for good
safety bicycle or offers or for sale at a bargain.
R., 1.5 Pearl St., St. Johusbury, Vt.

FOR SALE.-Groved axes. Celts. Pestles
game-balls, chisels, discoidals. pipes, banner,
ceremonial and an endless vari^tv of chipped
implements, flint and jasper. DR. D. B. FREE-
MAN. 4000 Dr.ixel Boulevard. Chicago, Ills.

FOR EXCHANGE.— Stamp papers, cigarette
pictui-es and tobacco tags for h cyclometer or
eggs in sets with data. W. M. BILLINGS, 727
University Ave., S. E. Minneapolis, Minn.

Do not publish my exchange adv. in the May
No. of the OOLOGIST as niv duplicate fossils are
all gone. I could have exchanged a car load if
I had them. H. Myers. Archbald, Pa.

Mr. M. hod paid for his notice to appear in
both Apr. and May Ooi.ogists.— Ed.

EGGS in Sets to Exchange for same. Send

lists. Also a set of type, suitable for Hand

Printing Press to exchange for eggs. J. H.
CLARK. 2.38 Broadway. Paterson. N. J.

FOR EXCHANGE.- The following sets of
7.51 3-5 1-4 with data. Nests at the price of one
egg. International Scientists' Directory for 1892
for other books on Natural History." W. S.
CRUZAN. Sulphur Springs. Texas.

TO EXCHANGE.- A first-class pair of nickel
plated, ball bearing roller skates in first class
condition, cost $7. .50 for a pair of 1st class climb-
ing irons. A. I. McCORMICK, .503 S. Olive St.,
Los AnsTfles. Calif.

I WOULD like t^ exchange sets or singles
with collectors in other states or countries.
Send for my list of egg.s and send yours. JAS.
R. BUNYAN JR.. Kendall ville. ihd.

WANT to exchange eggs Of this locality for
those of other localities. L. M COX, Gaiifield,
Mahoning Co.. O.

PETRIFED Moss. Fine specimens, postpaid,
10. 15 and 35c. Silver or stamps accepted. AR-
THUR B. ROBERTS, Weymouth. Medina Co.,
Ohio.

SAVE your letters from going to the dead let-
ter office by getting neatly printed Envel-
opes. 100 Envelopes. JOc : 100 Letter Heads 40c :
100 Cards,40c : all for only $1 postpaid. Send for
samples. A. M. EDDY, Albion, N. Y.

FOR SALE.— First class sets and singles,,
with full data, of Nos. 191. 3 8. 5'.3 at one half
catalogue price. T-ive Chameleons, express-
age prepaid, two dozen for $1 H. B. BLAKE-
MORE. 380 St. Andrew St., New Orleans. La.

FOR SALE.— An outflt consisting of Davie's
Nests and Eggs, climbers, blowpipes, drills,
scissors, tweezers, glass eves. etc.. value $10.50
for best cas'i off-r. 1). B. MECORNEY, 164
Mulberry St.. Lockport. N. Y.

MUST GO.— Compl-'te job printing office,
cost $300. for sale cheap or will ex. for good
horse or high grade bicj'Cle. A chance for some
one to stai-t a Nat. History pap»r. H. STAN-
TON SAWYER, Garland, Maine.

TO EXCHANGE —Eggs, stamps, firearms,
magazines. Wilson's Am. Orniihology and
other books for eggs, skins and mounled birds,
or offers. Sets and singles of eg};s of birds in-
digenous to this state tor otiiers. full data. Cor-
respondence invited, all letters answered. Sv
VAN RENSSELAER. JR., £9 Broadway, N. Y.
City.

"Enclosed please tlnd Money Order for $i.8n for
which please insert the enclosed advert Iseinent
It the Ooi.OGiST lor three months beginning with
April number Ad. In this n onihs Issue has
proved the value ot your paper as an advertising
medium, ni'd we cannot tecommend it to hic/hly
to advertisers." Meeker-Towe stamp Co.,Bildge
port. Conn.

THE NAUTILUS.

A monthly devoted to the intesests of "on-
chologists. "Edited and published by H. A. Pil<-
bry. Academy ot Natural Sciences and C. W.
Johnson. Waigner Free Institute, Philadelphia,
Pa Send for sainide copy.

GOING TO BUILD?

Send for illustrated catalogue, containing 26-
handsome designs, free. Address Shoppell'S
MouEiiN H*" USES. 6,3 Broadway, N. Y. J6t

EGGS.

From the Orient and Assam 'Malakka) In-
dia Austtal a. Alrira. ftc. correctly named
at moderate prices, also European and exotic
Birds skin.s. HERMANN ROLLE,

Emdener St.. 4, Berlin, N. W., Germany

H. H. &C.S. BRIMLEY,
COLLECTORS, RALEIGH, N. C.

First-class Bird and Mammal .Skins andEggs,
Reptiles and Batrachians both alive and in al-
cohol. Full data. Send .stamp for price lists.

Second Hand Books.- We will give at
all times good exchange f^^r second-hand copies-
of anv book we offer for sale. We desire at once
good copies ot "A. O. U. Check-List " and I^alrri,.
Brewer and Hldgewav's "His' cry of N. A. Birds"
—bofh "Land" and '-Water Birds." F. H. LAT-
TIN & CO, Albion N. Y.

"Enclosed find postal not^ for $2 90 In payment
for adv. and also for renewal of rav subscription
to the Ooi.oaiST. Would say that the last ex.
notice in your paper brought more answers than
1 needed. Wm. Kolte, San Beruirdino, calif.

SEA SHELLS, Coral, Minerals,
Birds' Eggs, and Suins, Fossils,
Naturalists' Supplies, Taxidermy,
Catalogue. 2c. C. F. CARR, New
London, Wis.

THE OOLOGIST.

165

EGGS IN SETS.

Set of 3 Roseate Tern I9c, 5 Green Heron 5'Sc, 3
Killdeer 8'ic, 4 Fia. Gallinule 22c. 4 Downy Wood-
pecker 4iic. 4 VV. Meadow^ I,ark 22c. 4 Orchard Or-
iole 15c. 4 Bullock's Oriole 2?c. 5 Baltimore Oriole
17c. 4 Arkansas Kinsblrd l.'Sc, 3 r<al. Towhee i6c,
4 Black-liended Grosbeak 30c, 2 Nl§:ht Hawk 46c.
4 House Finch I3c. 4 Arkansas Goldfinch 23c. 6
farkman's Wren, 4ic. 4 Sennett Thrasher 30c.

AJl prices are for the full set.
lOr extra must be added on orders less than 50c.

James P. Babbitt,
Taunton, Mass

IDENTIFICATION!

During the past few j'ears we have cheerfully
attempied to

IDEN riFY ALL SPECIMENS

• our friends have sf>nt us and this without remun-
eration-, owing to t lie fact that we ar^. now re-
celvlnar packages by the Jozen for tills purpose,
and ihit ourr, irae is more than occupied with
our re^uiar business, in tlie future we siiall be
obliged TO OH A If GE our friends in addition to
return postage the following

Single or tir.^t Specimen

For each addirional Specimen

locts
5cts

The above rates for ind-^nrifytng we think very
reasonable ^Ve liave snent many years in
handlinor and studyin? sp'^dmens of various
kind-, and hnve on hand a vprv lar,''^ stock with
which comnailson c in be made. We also have
leading works to use f r reference. The advan-
tage of having specimens properly identified Is
Invaluable to collector-'.

Address,

F. H. LATTIN « CO., ALBION, N. Y-

CAIV 1 OBTAIN A PATENT ? For a

prompt answer and an honest opinion, write to
MU>N «& C;0., who have had nearly fifty veara*
experience in the patent business. Communica-
tions strictly confidential. A Hanilbook of In-
lormation concerning Patents and how to ob-
tain them sent free. Also a catalogue of mechan-
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Patents taken throush Munn & Co. receive
dpecial notice in the Scientific American, and
thus are brought widely before the public with-
out cost to the inventor. This splendid paper,
issued weekly, elegantly illustrated, has bv far tha
largest circulation of any scientific work in the
world. S.i a year. Samoie copies sent free.

Buildine Edition, monthly, $2.50 a year. Single
copies, ii> cents. Every number contains beau-
tirul plates, in colors, and photographs of new
nouses, with plans, enabling builders to show the
iatest desiems and secure contracts. Address

IIUMN k CO., New Youk, 361 BaoADWAY.

New Standard Catalogue

OF

JSjorth /\merican 3'''ds Eggs

COMPILED BY

FRANK H. LA.TTIN,

Assisted by Capt. Chas. E. Bendire,

J. Parker Notris, Esq., and

the late Ca])t. B. F. Goss.

It gives the Common and Scientific name of
every North American Bird according to the
A. O. U. Nomenclature. It also gives tlie A. O.
U. Numbers as well as those of both Coues' and
Rldgeway, and last but not least It gives the
value of eggs of nearly every species, over one
hundred of which never appeared on any print-
ed list before.

It Is not a personal catalogue of any one
Dealer or Collector, as there Is not a Collector
In the entire World who has or could furnish
all the sppcles whose values are given, and
there is not a Dealer who could furnish over
from 50 to 75 per cent of the species priced.

Price 35 cents per copy. 3 copies for $1.00.

F. II. LATTIN <& CO, Albion, N. Y.

Improved Pocket Gun
or Snip Snap.

The new improved Pocket Gun requires no
powder, no caps, is neaOy flnlshed. durable and
:an be carried In the pocket, as it welgns only
three ounces. Will shoot shot or bullets wltn
accuracy and force and with a little practice will
kill birds on the wing or bring them down from
the highest tree.

Jt lb just the thing for taxidermists, as It will
kill without spoiling the game and makes no
report.

Sample prepaid 15 cts.. 4 for 50 cts.

Iron frame, straps of best kind ot

rubber. Send for sample at once and practice on
the Sparrows.

F. H. LATTIN & CO., ALBION, N. Y.

DATAS in Book Form. We have just issued
a new lot of tbe handiest and best article in the
Data line ever sent out, It consists of 100 of
our No. 10 Data Blanks wth Stub Attachment
perforated, so as Data can easily be torn fi-om
stub, nicely and strongly bound" in board cov-
ers (check-book form). When data ia torn
from book, there remains a 3 in. stub, with
blank for writing the essential part of the data
—also for writing how, when, to whom, and for
what disposed. If you wish to copy the Data
in full, you can do so by writing description on
back of the stub. If you have once tried a sani -
pie book you will use no other. Sample, 35 cts. •
3 for $1.00; 10 for $3.00. F. H. LATTIN & Ck).
>lbion, N. Y.

166

THE OOLOGIST.

The Best Blower ever made

furnishing a strong, steady flow of
air for Blowing Eggs, Testing
Minerals. Jewelers' Solderings.etc.

-^PRICB $1.50.-^

Extra Pipes, large or small, 1 ^c.
Hand Bulbs, 35c. Air Bulb, 6c.

Give it a trial and you will use no
other.

Sent prepaid for lOc. additional.
Address,

F. H. Lattin & Co.,

ALBION, N.Y.

BMsEggsarefanlefl

by all Ooiogists,

but in securing them, accidents some-
times happen.

For Eczema, Piles, Cuts,
Burns, Bruises, Sores, etc.,

the famous

Kittredge

Ointment

is a wonderful cure. It should be in

every family for emergencies.

Warranted the best. Send 15 cents in

stamps for a box by mail. Address,

Kittredge IMedicine Co.,
Albion, N. Y-

FRANK B. ARMSTRONG,

TAXIDERMIST,

AND COLI-ECTOR AND DEALER IN

Bird and Mammal Skins, Birds Eggs

in fine sets, Reptiles, Mounted Birds

and Animals.
Brownsville, Texas, U. S. A.

Orchids! Air-Plants!

It is not generally known that Orchids and
Air-Plants grow in the Union, but tha past
winter I found them plentiful in one locality in
the wilds of Southern Floi'ida.

Arrangements were made to send theniNorth,
and now I can supply all with these curious and
beautiful plants at very reasonable figures.

They will grow when attached to bark, boards,
brick, stone, the inside of houses, or in the
ground, requiring no nourishment but light,
and water occasionally. They may be mailed
with safety to the niost distant part of the
world.

Remit one dollar and receive, postpaid, four
Air-Plants of two species, and three specimens
of the beautiful Butterfly Orchid. Mention the

OOLOGIST.

Dr. Morris Gibbs, Kalamazoo, Mich.

U

BIRDS of IMICHIGAN

n

By a. J. COOK.

A list of three hundred and thir-
ty-two (332) birds, 150 pages.

WELL ILLUSTRATED.

Profuse notes. Bibliography complete.
It is in fact a work on the Birds of the Great
Lake Region, and will interest every Ornithol-
ogist in America.

Price, Postpaid, 75 cents.

Address
F. H. LATTIN & CO., Albion, N. Y.

THE OOLOGIST.

167.

THE
GREATEST

World's Fair Book

NOW
READY.

We take pleasure iu announcing that we have made ai'rangements with the

publishers of

THE VLAGIC CITY

To supply this celebrated work in Weekly Parts to the subscribers of the OoLO-
GIST at the very low price of ten cents per number. It will be issued in sixteen .
consecutive Weekly Parts, each containing sixteen to twenty magnificent Photo-
graphic Views and Historical Descriptions of the W^ORLD'S t*"AlR and the
MIDWAY PLAISANCE, by the famous American author, Mr. J. W.
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They constitute a splendid series of

Over 300 Views

In Natural Photograph Colors, embracing all the wonderful features of
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More than $50,000 has been expended in the preparation of this truly mag-
nificent work. The author and his staff of artists spent nearly the whole summer
at the Fair, collecting historical materials and securing the grandest arrav of
Photographs of the buildings, grounds, exhibits, landscapes, and curious and won-
derful features of the greatest Exposition that human eye ever beheld.

These photographs were taken by real artists — artistb of reputation, skilled ,
in their profession, who knew how to select points of the greatest interest and
from which the best views could be obtained.

THE MAGIC CITY alone gives the only great Historical representation of the
World's Fair and Midway Plaisance. illusti^ated with Over 300 Superb Pho-
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168

THE OOLOGIST.

TAXI2ERMISTS' GUNS. "c^^Jn^".'

Pistols. Gun Cases. Shooting Shot Shells: also

S.."Sr SPECIMEN HUNTERS.

All kinds, all prices trom $ .)) to *2).U0. List
free. }yrite for TaxidermisVs free list.

JAMES H. JOHNSTON,

PITTSBURG, PA.

y ^^ShotGuns

QQO

Revolvers,
Rifles,
" Etc.

Addrtaa
■iSfend«famp"''^=^6'"eat Western' ^^
for Price List. QuiiWorks,Pltt»burgh,R^

QFINFQ NETS, TENTS, and

O L_< 1 IN L_. V.' } SPORTING GOODS.

Every d°scnption of Guns, R?volvers, Ammu-
nition and Sporting Goods at very lowest pric-
es. We have somethirg of interest to you.

^UNolEUMT

Do vou own a Gun, Revolver, Rifle or
Bicycle? If so 'Gunoleum" is just what yuu
want. It is used on all metals to prevent rust.
It prevents pits in gun barrells. It keeps met-
als bright and preserves their finish. No Sports-
man's outfit complete without it. Put up in
Large Collapsible Tubes, 25c., Postpaid.
THE CHARLES WILLEY MFC. CO.,

BAY SHORE. L. I.. N. Y.. U. S. A.

SNAP A KL1P_^,^-

on your papers and get a
handsome bound Volume

Trial dozen, 75c. Agents
wanted. Price-list free .

H. H. BALLARD,

162, PITTSFIELD, MASS.

. CHAMELEONS!

The Greatest Novelty During the
World's Fair.

Thousands of these curious little animals
■were sold duriug the Exposition. Their cm-ious
habit of changing color from bright sea green to
dark brown, and all shades between, made them
very interesting. We have a few fine cabinet
specimens in, alcohol and as long as they last,
will send prepaid for 25 cents.

F. H. LATTIN & CO., ALBION, N. Y.

ASSTSTING NATURE.

Compound Oxygen is not a drug. It does not
assault or depress nature, biit restores her
weakened forces. It is gentle, pervading, \'ital-
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all about this wonderful remedy. Home or
Office Treatment. Consultation free.

DRS. STARKEY & PALEN,

1259 ARCH ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

When answering advertisements
Iwaays mention tha "OOLOGIST,"

Climbing Irons.

E^~ There is
scarcely a month
'la the year but
what a pair ol

food Climbing
rons conies handy
Do not let a low price lure
you into purchasing an infer-
ior article. Every timy you
use a cheap pair of iron.*, it is
well to remember, that the
risk you run is a hundred-
fold greater than with a reli-
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best made and are manufact-
ured from the best and
.'itrongest material obtainable,
'ihe straps are wide and made
ficm <^he ■>.'ery best of leather.
Our climbers are the
easiest, safest and most
durable on the mar-
ket and cannot be
sold at a living profit
for less money by any-
one.

Dining the past five years we have
sold hundreds of pairs of climbers-.
ha\3 sent them to nt^arly every stat«
and territory in the Union and have yet
to hear of the first dissatisfied purchaser.
From many testimonials, we select
the following:

"The climbers that you sentglve entire satlsfac
tlon and are well made In every particular."

T. V. W., Austin. 1118.

•■Received my climbers all right on the 21st ol
last month. Have deferred writing to you till '
bad used them. They are as good a spur as I
ever tried and I think I am saf 3 in saying that if
you buy your spurs of Lattin, you get good ones."
J. P. J., Kelton, Pa.

"All the supplies ordered came duly to hand.all
O. K. Am more than pleased with them alL
The cUmplng irons are just wliat I wanted; the
book of datas Is immense and the Naturalist's
Guide is well worth the price. 1 wish to compli-
ment you on your method of packing. The goods
tbat I received could hardly have been better
fixed for transportation. Am more Impressed
with your promptness every time I order: and In
future, let me say, U there Is anything In your
line that I need, you may be sure that I shall
elve you thepreference."

H. C. O., Shelbume Falls, Mass.

Our prices are as follows: Strapped,
ready for use, by express, at purchas-
er's expense, $3.50, or pi-epaid to any
part of the United States, $3.25. Climb-
ers without straps by express, $1.50,
prepaid, $2.00.

FRANK H. LATTIN,

ALBION. N. \

The OoLOGiST.

VOL. XI. NO. 5.

ALBION, N. Y., MAY, 1894.

Whole No. 103

My Broadwings of '92 and '93

"Tig-g-ec-e U'g-g-e-i-c" was the shrill
Hawk shriek, that stirred my blood,
one of the tirst warm days of April, in
1892, as I entered a dense belt of timber
skirting a noisy swollen creek. The
bird swept by me, close at hand, the
characteristic markings appearing so
plainly that though the birtl was a
stranger to me, I readily identified it
bj' subsequent mental comparisons of
this and other birds with the dried skin
of a specimen killed by me in '84 but
never identified, my work having lain
meauAvhile in other fields.

The previous March I had noted, in a
a burr -oak wood amid neighboring
fields, a nest which, in its construction
and its location, told me that here was
the work of some other bird than our
common Cooper's Hawk.

May loth I visited this wood. The
old nest was vacant but fortj" rods away
in another burr oak I luckily saw, close
to the trunk, two-thirds up, and fifteen
feet from the ground, the bare skeleton
of a coarse stick nest, Avith suspicious
flecks of down clinging to the rough
bark. A moment found me looking
into its vacant slovenliness.— adorned
with naught bnt a delicate spray of pop-
lar in fresh budding leaf. I turned,
disgusted, to descend, when that keen,
characteristic and unique "Tig-g-e-e-e"
rang out again. May 21st I reascended
the tree. Mamma Lntissimus sat near
b}' shrilly scolding. Two exquisite eggs
now lay in the rude nest now gaily
adorned with leafy tinge.

This is .set I. Two eggs, incul)a-
tion one-fifth. Egg 1 rounded, covered
entirely with lilac spots, the smaller
end daul)ed with dark cinnamon, size
1.8x 1.5. Egg 2, oblong, solidly and ex-
quisitely marbled with lavender, heav-

iest at lai'ge end where also a few sharp-
ly accented cinnamon spots appeared,
size 1.9x1.45.

Set. II. Leaving, one mile south of
Owatonna, the miry highwaj^ leading
to Bohemia, one dives into the moss be-
witching woodlands. The wood road
winds river-ward through mazes of
black oak and across bits of meadow
and on through a quagmire bordering
a creek along which stands primeval
ashes, oaks and walnuts outposts of a
dense wood along the run. The nar-
row road being the only sign of human
vandalism. Here, in the Spring of '92,
the note of a Broad -wing stopped me as
I was hastening river- ward along the
wood path, and instantly the bird
swept past, with wonderful swiftness,
bearing a twig in her claws. Later in
the day, at the margin of a field near
by I saw a pair of the birds copulating,
the male SAvooping doAvn upon his mate
as she rested, lightly in a sapling top.
Yes, I vainly though repeatedh' sought
the nest — finding two old nests of
Cooper's, a frequented lair of Scops.
but not a sign of my Broad-wings.

But on Maj' 20, "93, after a verj' busy
day. I hurried my horse and carriage
down the wood road, just as sun set:
and behold, at the very edge of the
wood, in a slender elm, that leaned
over the creek bed. in the first limb
crotch. 30 feet up, from a fragile nest. I
saw, half by accident, the tail of a
Hawk ijrojecting.

ft was the nest of '92 relined with
twigs and remarkably neat. The eggs
are the most delicate in coloring that I
have ever taken. Incubation zero to
begun. Egg 1, pointed sub-si^herieal.
slightly stippled with bright cinnamon,
and at the smaller end a marbling of
the same, size 1.76x 1.42. Egg 2. ovate,
blotched with lilac mostly at the small

170

THE OOLOGIST.

and, cinnamon spots on sides, size 1.76x
1.42. Egg 3. ovate, scattered lilac
blotches, a few sj^ecks of cinnamon,
size 1.76x1.43.

Set. III. In March of '93 I saw a
Broad-wing watching me, sitting
tamely and silently in a black oak
thicket, north of town, while I wallowed
through snow drift and grass tangle
after a pair of Mallards that were fish-
ing in a woodland marsh. On Maj'^
16th while scouring this spot for Bit-
tern eggs, I saw the Broad-wing stand-
ing in the stout, three limbed body
crotch of a black oak only ten feet up.
A most rudimentary nest supported a
single dark egg. which, with its later
laid lighter colored mate, was taken.
May 21, from the then completed nest
of sticks, bark and leafy twigs.

Incubation begun. Egg 1, rounded
oval, scattered cinnamon spots, a solid
striation of same at small end, a few
spots of darker, size 1.8x1.5. Egg 2,
rounded OA'al, uniformerly spotty
blotched with lilac, small cinnamon
spots well scatteied, size 1.83x1. 5. The
"92 nest was in the densest part of the
wood, twenty rods away, tw elve feet
up in swamp oak.

Set IV. Was taken in Atkin county,
close to a Avood read, forty rods from
the shore of a beautiful wooded lake,
in a rock majjle, twenty feet u]) and
within call of a farm house, was the
nest. Reported to me by a small boy.
The nest was large, of twigs, lined with
bark and yiine needles. Two eggs.
Incubation advanced, May 31. "93. Egg
1, slightly rounded ovate, small scat-
tered sul)-lilac spots, small blotches of
dull cinnamon massed at small end, as
if laid on with dried brush, size 1.9x
1.65. Egg 2, oval, uniformly clouded
with vinaceous cinnamon, rather heav-
ier at small end, size 1.8x1.5. The fe-
male was seen on the empty nest 24
hours after.

SetV. At sunset of the same day,
May 31st amid the heavy rock maple

timber on the east side of the same
Farm Island Lake, I was watching with
every sen.se intent for nest-going Wood
Ducks. Hollow after hollow was vain-
ly sounded. As darkness began to fall,
I saw a tell-tale tail projecting from a
slight stick nest, Avell set against the
two foot trunk of a leaning bass wood,
forty feet up, where the first two slight
limbs cropped out. Madam left the
nest quickly, silentlj'. "A Cooperi''
said I. To save me. I could not safely
raise my head high enough to look into
the nest there was spur hold and branch-
let hold. only. A flatness, however, of
small sticks. Eggs appeared uncolored
in the twilight. But lamp light told a
different story. Of the three eggs,
number 1, oval and sharplj^ pointed,
was covered with very faint, cloudy
specks of viaceous cinnamon, the large
end being capped Avith a circlet of the
same, and a few darker specks, size
2.15x1.5. Number 2, pointed oval, was
marked with a verj' few vague, livid
spots, and three or four blotchy spots of
half obliterated bright cinnamon, size
2x1.52. Egg 3, pointed oval was spot-
ted Avith livid, like No. 2, but with a
few scattered "tly specks" of light
broAvn. The large end of the egg was
capped Avith a circle of these same "fiy
.specks." A'ery numerous and well de-
fined, size of egg 2.15x1.51. Incubation
begun. These eggs were larger than
the largest Broad-wing eggs noted in
DaAie: yet Broad-wings they certainly
Avere. And I went at dawn next daj^ to
prove it. Rowing rapidlj'^ over the
clear still water my boat speedil.y
ground the sand ju.st at day break,
under shadow of the pines and birches.
Within thiee minutes I Avas standing
beneath my leaning tree, eying, Avith
bated breath, the expressive tail of the
Hawk that sat motionless upon her
empty nest. But, in a moment Tig-q-e-
e-e and away she darted. Instantly the
shout of a delighted naturalist echoed
out and far across the lake. And a

THE OOLOGIST.

171

verj' hungry mau was almost before he
knew it back to "camp"' whiffing the
odor of the birch bark that blazed be-
neath his morning eggs and coflfee, back
with a heart so light that I verily J^e-
lieve he would have been to light for
the earth to hold, had he known what
finer finds awaited him that day! With
what condescending complacency did
he greet John, John the Fisher's son,
Avho drew to shore, a moment later
than himself, with the big brass kettle
in his boat well filled with lordly bass
and pike.

Set VI. But June fith found me at
home; and June Tth found me on the
spur of a heavily Avooded and ravine
seamed hill, one-fourth of a mile from
the river, just north of town. There,
from a fairly large, bark lined nest,
freshly made, in the very top of a
Avhite walnut sapling, 20 feet up, I had
taken in the Spring of "92, an incom-
plete set of three pale-green eggs of
Cooper's Hawk, heavily spotted with
bright cinnamon; and near this nest I
had seen and heard a Broad-wing, just
Ijefore starting on my northern trip.
And to-day June Tth she was on that
nest; and, while "Mamma" aired her
Botany and my small lineel de.scendant.
ci'eeping among the dry leaves was
cramming his stomach Avith acorns and
the corms of adder tongue. I lazily
.spurred up the sapling.

The set of two slightly incubated eggs
I found is the only set I have ever
handled in which one egg was not per-
ceptibly darker than the others (and the
only set which I have been foolish
enough to part with). Egg 1. oval, Avas
blotched Avith lilac, a single cinnamon
blotch adorning the small end, size 1.95
xl.5. Egg 2, OAal, Avas beautifully
marbled Avith lilac at both ends, size
1.68x 1.45.

Set VII. This set brought me by a
small boj', was taken in a dense black-
oak Avood almost within toAvn limits,
from a typical nest in a small black oak

tree. The two (much incubated) eges
of this set are very small, but very
strikingly, otherwise, like certain eggs
of the Kittiwake Gull. All other eggs
were of a white or grej'-white ground
color, while these were of a greyish-
drab. Egg 1, oval. Avas covered, all
over, Avith large spots of dull cinnamon
brown, size 1.83x1.43. Egg 2, rounded
ovate, Avas blotched and spotted ob-
scurely with vinaceous cinnamon, heav-
iest at large end Avhere also a few spots
of bright cinnamon, size 1.75x1.42.

Set VIII. This set and sets IX and X
were taken by my friend Kinney, a
farmer, and an enthusiastic "all-round"
naturalist, near Avooded lakes, about
fifteen miles Avest of Owatonna. Set
VIII, one egg. May 29. '92, Goose Lake,
Waseca countj', size 2x1.44, long oval,
clouded with whorl disposed streaks
and blotches of bright vinaceous cin-
namon, the blotching being heaviest
and the color brightest at the small end.

Set IX. One egg. incubation slight.
Woodville, Minn., May 14, "93. pointed
subspherical, Avhite with a feAv spots and
clouds of exceedingly faint vinaceous,
chiefly at small end where, also, a feAA-
scattei'ed spots of pale cinnamon, size
1.72x1.43.

Set X. Two eggs, fresh. Goose Lake,
May 22, "93. Egg 1, nearly equal ended,
heavilj' clouded at one end Avith dull
lilac, size 1.75x1 43. Egg two, pointed
oA'al, scattered specks of cinnamon and
a few lilac spots, at the small end a few
large spots of cinnamon and small
scratchy spots of lilac, size 1.75x1.14.

In closing, a synopsis may not give
offense.

Of the above listeil sets, two Avere of
three eggs, six of two and tAA'o of one,
(both perhaps incomplete). There are
three color-types: cinnamon- spotted:
lilac- blotched: Avhite— Avith obscure
speck or cloud markings. Of the twen-
ty eggs, five are of the cinnamon type:
eight of the lilac: five of the Avhite. and
two neutral (abnormal). Where heavy

172

THE OOLOGIST.

marks occur they are all at the small
end.

There are three form-tj'pes. pear-
shaped; oval; suljspherical. The ma-
jority have the I'ounded form.

The largest egg measures 3.15x1.51:
the smallest 1.72x1.43; average 1.83x1.5.
Most of the sets were complete, pro-
bah]j about May 20. Earliest date May
14th, latest, June 7th (incubation well
begun).

The nests were mainly rather rude,
of medium fine sticks. Most were bark
lined and leafy-twig adorned. Adven-
titious down was usually found. The
nesting situs was, mainly, snug to the
trunk, seldom higher than the middle
boughs, normally flattish and laid on
semi-horizontal branches, mostly on
comparatively small trees in the denser
woods and seldom more than twenty-
live feet up. As to the sites being near
water, in case of ou?- birds, it couldn't
well have been otherwise.

Most birds were bold, and noisy,
near the nest. There seemed a tenden-
cy to cling to the empty cradle, when
incubation had begun. Nests were sel-
dom reoccupied, but localities were ap-
parently revisited yearly. With us, the
Broad-wings love to soar, by day, mak-
ing the air ring with their cries. As to
their food, by dissection, I cannot tell,
— my geese lay golden eggs. By obser-
vation, I cannot tell. The everlasting
number of the exactions of professional
life sets a rigid bound to the love for
field study that burns in the heart of the
enthusiastic naturalist.

P. B. Peabodt,
Wilder, Minn.

Wilson's Snipe.

To a certain class of western sports-
men whose hunting grounds lie in the
immediate vicinity of the cities, spring
will bring no more welcome ))ird than
that familiarly known as the Jack
Snipe.

Considering that it is a wading bird
it finds its way into Minnesota rather
early: generally following the first few
flights of ducks. Often a return of cold
weather freezes the wet ground to
which they commonly resort, yet they
weather it out and manage to obtain
subsistence. The last of April will find
them most common just before the
mass of them move northward.

Many accounts report them as breed-
ing north of the State, I know not why,
for this bird is certainly not an over
rare nester in the vicinity of Minnea-
polis.

That twilight chant, characteristic of
the breeding season is commonly heard
over some of the meadows which I am
accustomed to pass on my journeys in
pursuit of birds. I have called it a
chant for want of a better name. It is
a continual whispering sound made
while the bird is circling about far up
over its selected home, and might read-
ily impress one as being made by the
wings. Nuttall aptly desci'ibes it when
he likens it to the "sound produced by
quickly and interuptedly blowing into
the neck of a large bottle" and adds
that "this note is probably produced by
an undulatory motion of air in the
throat while in the act of whirling flight
and, appears most distinct, as the Snipe
descends toward the ground." Mj^ other
available accounts either say that it is
made by the wings, or give no theories,
whatever.

Dai'k, misty, or rainy days are some-
times favorable for this performance,
and I have even heard it in the middle
of a bright May afternoon, but it gener-
ally takes place early in the morning or
late at evening when darkness sh;ides
the bird. Your attention cannot but
be attracted to it should you pass his
home at nightfall, for it alone breaks
the silence after the notes of the song-
sters have died awa,y.

About eight _yeai's ago I frightened a
bird up from her nest at the edge of a

THE OOLOGIST.

173

marsh; I think it was about the lirst
week in May. The nest was in a slight
hollow un one of those hummocks of
earth so common at the borders of
meadows and marshes, and was lined
with a few grasses, and well concealed
by arching grasses. A week later a
second nest was found about a hundred
yards from the first and exactly resemb-
ling it in situation and composition.
It contained four eggs as did the pre-
ceeding. Three year? later I ran across
another nest which was placed on a
I'ise of ground in a meadow, like the
others it was well ai'ched over and con-
tained a lining of grasses. This nest
contained one egg which was left in
tlie hopes of obtaining a set. Af(er vis-
iting it twice more I was obliged to be
content with three eggs, for the nest
had been deserted.

During the heat of the summer we
see very little of the bird in question,
for he is busied with the rearing of his
j^oung and keeps well hidden in the
grass, but as soon as September comes
he puts in his appearance.

Very early last fall while traversing
a lake in a boat, I caught sight of a fiock
of waders I'ising from the floating slime
that had gathered at the boixlers. They
kept very close together, and at evei'y
turn the Avhite of the under part of the
wings shone so that I was I'eminded of
a tlock of scurrying Snow Buntings. At
nearer approach I found that they
were a flock of the Wilson's Snipe,
which now and then rose and circled
apparently from no cause.

They remained about this lake sever-
al days, and were augmented by other
flocks, despite the shooting that went
on when several birds were often killed
at a shot I have never seen them float-
ing together like this except upon this
occasion, though later in the year they
are found in small groups somewhat
scattered in the meadows.

Despite the wealth of larger game in
this state the gunner finds the Snipe
an attractive object, and the best mark

possible on which to test his skill, and
if he treads the meadows hereabout dur-
ing latter Septeaiber or in October he
is not likely to go uuawarded.

As they rise ahead of one they some-
times utter a harsh grating cry and sin-
uate so much for the first few yards of
their flight that it is hard to hit them,
though this is not always the case and
their flight may be even and straight

The rule has been laid down that they
always fly against the wind which in
my experience is not the case.
^ I have had the best luck hunting
them in dry seasons where the retreat-
ing water of the lakes had left a por-
tion of the muddy bottom bare, thus
forming an excellent feeding ground
where they might probe for the worms,
insects and small roots which constitute
their food.

This bird was known as tlie English
Snipe before Wilson pointed out the
difference between our bird and the
true English Snipe In Nuttall's time
it was called the Alewife bird near the
Massachusetts coast— its arrival being
associated with the arrival of the shoals
of fish of that name.

Others say that it was called the
Shad Spirit along some parts of the
New England coast, as that peculiar
twilight sound proceeded from an un-
known source and was said to accom-
pany the northward movement of the
Shad. At the markets here it is only
known as the Jack Snipe or simply
Snipe though most ajj>y wader may be
called a Snipe out of want of another
name. I have seen a Sand-hill Crane
hanging up for sale bearing a card
marked "Irish Snipe."

The State ZoiUogist's Report quotes
someone as being confident that this
bird winters in South-western Minne-
sota. In the region about Minneapolis
an occasional bird may be found linger-
ing about some open spring very late
in the year, but early November sees
the majority depart for a warmer cli-
mate. H. M. Guilford,

Minneapolis, Minn.

174

THE OClwOGIST

SCENES PROM THE LIFE OF ALEXANDER
WILSON.

His Last Days-

G. Vrooman Smith.

XI.

Returnino- from his sou tii western trip
on the 2d of August, 1810, Wilson im-
mediately applied himself with unre-
mitting attention to the preparation of
the third volume of the Ornithology.
The number of new and undiscovered ,
birds which he had found on this trip
amounted to forty. Enriched with this
choice stock of new material for his
work he labored unceasingly to get the
plates and text prepared for publica-
tion. His whole energy was exerted in
unwearied industry to the finishing of
the magnificent work he had under-
taken. The remaining volumes ap-
peared in rapid succession considering
that he had to do the whole work him-
self.

Wilson spent the greater part of the
years 1811 and 1813 in the genial com-
pany of his old friend Mr. Bartram,
under whose hospitable roof he resided.
This retreat proved to be of inestimable
value to him. Here, removed from the
bustle and interruption of the city, he
wiis enabled to dispose of his time to
the best advantage. In the shady re-
treats of the botanic garden there
dwelt multitudes of feathered creatures
whose s-jciety waS»carefully fostered by
the proprietor. When Wilson became
wearied by long hours of study he had
only to step outside and refresh his
mind by the observation and enjoy-
ment of these feathered friends. His
long sojourn at the botanic garden
did much to improve his health which
had been considerably impaired by
over exertion. He made fi-equent ex-
cursions to many places in the vicinity
to obtain additional information for
the perfecting of his work. Several

\isits were made to the shores of New
Jersey where much valuable material
was gathered of the shore birds which
inhabited that region in vast numbers.

Meanwhile his ability as a natural
artist had become so well known that
he was chosen a member of the society
of Artists of the United States. The
following year he was honored oy be-
ing admitted to the American Phil-
osophical Society of Philadelphia.

The last of those journeys which did
so much for the cause of science in this
country was to the eastward. He says
this trip principally undertaken for the
purpose of visiting his agents and sub-
scribers, yet at every point his pen was
busy and upon his return he found his
note book to be by no means empty.
Unfortunately we have no very minute
account of this tour preserved.

From New York he proceeded up the
Hudson River by boat as far as Albanj'.
From Albany he journeyed overland to
Lake Champlain, aiid up that water-
way to Burlington, 'Vt, Thence across
the state of Vermont to the headwaters
of the Connecticut River, remaining
some time exploring the neighborhood
of the White Mountains. The magnifi-
cent scenery of this region was con-
templated with the greatest delight by
Wilson. On the heights of Mount
Washington he found a pair of Snow
Buntings breeding. This find was re-
garded by him as one of the most valu-
able and interesting of his ornithologi-
cal experience as it was tho only
known instance of this species breed-
ing Avithin the limits of the United
States.

This tour was undertaken just at the
commencement of the war of 1813, and
the whole country was plunged into
feverish excitement. Everywhere Wil-
son went he saw evidences of it, and
more especially in the north of New
England, the frontier region between
Canada and the United States.

He relates an interesting adventure

THE OOLOGIST.

15

in which lie tigured protuiuently, and
which goes to show how intensely sus-
picious the inhabitants were of stran-
gei's. He was at Hanover, N. H.
where he was considerably engaged in
exploring the region round about.
The suspicion of the inhabitants was
aroused and they consulted together to
detei'ruine his business in those parts.
After due deliberation they came to the
conclusion that he was none else than
a spy from Canada who was exploring
the country with a view to determine
the best course by which a military
force could be sent from the British
provinces into New England. Our in-
nocent traveller was arrested and taken
before a magistrate with all the form
due to the capture of an obnoxious in-
dividual. He was questioned as to the
nature of his bu.siness thei'e, and when
he informed them that he was no more
than a spy in the sense of determining
the course of the migration of innocent
birds he was promptly dismissed with
many apologies.

The seventh volume appeared in the
spring of 1813. and as soon as it left the
press he, accompanied by his friend,
Mr. Ord of Philadelphia, went to Great
Egg Harbor, where they remained
nearly four weeks constantly occupied
in collecting material for the eighth
volume, which he resolved should, if
possible, excel the others both in the
value of its material and the beauty of
its embellishments. This sojourn at
the coast was very profitable to Wilson
and while there he became the I'ecipi-
ent of much desired information. Up-
on his return to Philadelphia he
plunged into the work of the re-
maining volumes. Day and night wei'c
spent in order that he might complete
the work as soon as possible for he felt
that his long fatiguing journeys were
wearing upon his vitality. He was
obliged to rely wholly upon his own
labor, as those who attempted to assist
him were either incomj)etent or annoy-

ingly slow. In August, 1813, the
eighth volume was ready for the press.

His mind and body had become de-
biliated by over exertion and its con-
sequences early brought on his death.
The immediate cause of his death was
in striking contrast to the romantic life
he had led. It seems that while one
day conversing with a friend he saw
flit by a rare bird. \\'hich he had for
years been desirous of obtaining. He
hastened in pursuit of the bird and in
his eagerness to obtain it he indiscreet-
ly swam across a river, and while he
captured the object of his pursuit, yet
the prize proved to be tha cause of his
untimely death, for the exposure pro-
duced a severe cold followed by an at-
tack of the dysentery, the same trouble-
some disease of his southern journey.
Ten days later, August 23,1813, the great
pioneer ornithologist of Ameinca ended
his mortal career having just a few
weeks previous completed his forty-
seventh year. His brother was in-
formed of his dangerous illness, and
reached his bedside a few hours before
his death. He says: "I found him
speechless; I caught his hand; he
seemed to know me, and that was all."

Wilson frequently conversed with a
friend on the subject of death, and. it
was his earnest wish that he might be
buried where "the birds might sing
over his grave." What a fitting wish
for one who had spent a lifetime in
their company! It is to be deplored
that this wish was not known to those
who were with him in his last moments
and his remains were laid to rest in the
cemetery of the Swedish church in
Southwick, Philadelphia. Erected
over his grave is an unpretentious
marble monument bearing the follow-
ing inscription:

176

THE OOLOGIST.

This Monument

Covers the Remain's of

Alexander Wilson .

Author of the

American Ornithology.

He was born in Renfrewshire, Scotland,

On the 6th day of July, 1766

EmigratjiD to the United States

in the year 1794,

And died«n Philadelphia,

OF the Dysentery

on the 23d of August. 1813.

Aged 47.

It is becoming that we append some
remarks descriptive of the character of
this extraordinary personage. In the
Xjreface of the ninth volume of the Or-
nithology is a brief sketch of Wilson by
his close friend Mr. Ord. We know of
no more fitting description of his per-
sonal character than that drawn by Mr.
Ord, and therefore I take pleasure in
submitting to the indulgent reader this
gentleman's candid and discriminating
account of Wilson's character.

"Wilson was possessed with the ni-
cest sense of honor. In all his dealing
he was not only scrupulously just but
highly generous. His veneration for
truth was exemplary. His disposition
was social and affectionate. His ben-
evolence was extensiA'-e. He was re-
mai'kably temperate in eating and
drinking; his love of study and retire-
ment preserving him from the con-
taminating influence of the convivial
circle. But as no one is j)erfect, Wil-
son in a small degree partook of the
weakness of humanity. He was of the
genus irritable, and was obstinate in
opinion. It ever gave him pleasure
to acknowledge error, when the con-
viction resulted from his own judg-
ment alone, but he could not endure to
be told of his mistakes. Hence his
associates had to be spai'ing of their
criticisms, through a fear of forfeiting
his friendship. With almost all his
friends he had occasionally, arising
from a collision of opinion, some slight

misunderstanding, which was soon
passed over, leaving no disagreeable
impression. But an act of disi'espect
he could ill l)rook, audita wilful injury
he would seldom forgive.

"In his person he was of a middle
stature, of a thin habit of body; his
cheek-bones projected and his eyes
though hollow displayed considerable
vivacity and intelliqfence; his complex-
ion was sallow, his mein thoughtful;
his features were coarse, and there
was a dash of vulgarity in his physiog-
nomy, which struck the observer at the
first view, but which failed to impress
one on acquaintance. His walk was
quick when travelling, so much so that
it was dilBcult for a companion to keep
pace with him; but when in the forests,
in pursuit of birds, he was deliberate
and attentive — he was, as it were, all
eyes and all ears."

So lived and died a true friend of
science. Those who are acquainted
with the incidents of his remarkable
life cannot but feel a glowing admira-
tion for this truly exalted character.
Of all our ornithologists none deserve
to be remembered with more profound
respect than does Alexander Wilson.
The science of ornithology was almost
unknown in this country till he made
it memorable. He glorified it and
made our native birds the envy and
admiration of the world. He was the
great sculptor who made America's
feathered songsters as famous as the
primeval forests in which they dwelt.
His success was complete, and though
he did not live to enjoy it, he certainly
anticipated what has come to pass,^
that his work would always be regard-
ed as a subject of pride by his adopted
country and would secure immortal
honor for him whose name it bears. It
is fitting to add that he Avas eminently
endowed by nature and by art, Avith
the qualities of a great naturalist. He
concentrated his undivided attention
upon the great purpose of his life. He

THE OOLOGIST.

17T

entered upon it, not as many are wout
to do at present, namely, as an amuse-
ment, but with a deep and detennined
spirit he made it the one great business
of his life. At all times he made him-
self a social companion of his- feathered
friends, he studied them as he would a
familiar friend. His life was spent in
the study of their domestic habits in-
stincts,niditication, migration and seem-
ed in fact to pry into their very nature,
and interpret their language and dis-
positions. Their voice to his trained
ear was not music but language, and
instead of dying away upoh the ear, it
went down into his very soul and mov-
ed him as the voice of a human friend.
In his description of birds he speaks of
them as if they were intelligent beings,
and has thus given a life and charm to
his descriptions which will make his
woi'k the chief attraction of ornithologi-
cal science for years to come.

When we think of his sad end we
cannot but deploi'e his untimely death;
called away at the age of forty-seven,
in the very prime of life. If he had
lived he contemplated preparing a
similiar woi'k on the quadrupeds of
North America.

Of all characters in history none are
more Avorthy of emulation for the
young ornithologist than is this life of
Wilson's. All vulgar or selfish consid-
erations he was purified from by his
devotion to science. He made his life
conform to the requirements of a true
naturalist. His study of ornithology
was not as a mere pastime to amass a
large store of specimens, but his great
life's end was to cultivate a love for
pure ornithology. We deplore Aery
deeply that there are not more exem-
plifying his life today. Let us I'esoh'e
to emulate him and by so doing raise
our beloved science to a higher IcA'el
and place it where our great predeces-
sor left it.

THE END.

An Inexpensive Boat.

Every collecting oiilogist and ornith-
ologist is almost sure to have use for a
boat at some time. As a suitable craft
is not always at hand or for other
reasons, sometimes pecuniary the col-
lector frequentlj' attemiDts the construc-
tion of something in the boat line.

As most of us "collecting cranks"'
are not blessed Avith great store of
earthly treasures it is desirable to re-
duce the cost to a minimum.

While the boat constructed after the
directions beloAV is hardly stylish or
A^ery speedy it is serviceable, strong
and safe and the cost is so little that a
single season or even a fcAv weeks use
Avill ref)ay the builder for all trouble
and expense incurred. The material
needed is as follows:

Bill of Material.

4 Boards, 1 ft. wide, inch thick. 16

ft. long, (di lie per ft $ 96

1 piece timber, 4x6 in., 1 ft. long. . 05

5lbs. lOd nails (a- 4c per lb 30

lOlbs pitch (O) Ifc per lb 16

Total .$1 36

The l)oards may be rough hemlock or
or pine, and should have no loose knots
two of them should have no large knot.s
or cracks.

The boat will haA^e a better apjjear-
ance if the boards are dressed but that
is not essential.

For the sides of the bateau iise the
tAvo clear boayds, first cutting them
down to tAvelve feet in length. Make a
mark six inches from the end of one of
them and saw it across diagonally, this-
is the bow end.

Mark nine inches down the diagonal
cut and tAvo feet six inches back from
the lower end and connect these marks,
by a saAv cut. This takes off a long
wedge shaped piece and makes the up-
Avard curve of the bottom at the boAv.

Mark nine inches doAvn the stem end,
Avhich is square and two feet along the
lower edge, saAving off another wedge-

178

TllK ()0L()(4;ST.

not quite as large as before. This
curves the bottom up at the stern. Lay-
ing this board on the one selected for
the other^side it is an easy matter to
mark and saw it .

Next saw or hew the four by six-
piece in the shape of a triangle, minus
the apex. The ba^e of the triangle
should be five and one-half inches and
the opposite side should have a width
of two inches.

Lay this on one of the side boards at
the bow, mark the slant of the bottom
and saw the end of the bow post off.

Now the sides may be nailed securely
to this post, beii-g sure to get them even
with the two inch face of it.

Another board should be ripped into
two pieces one nine inches wide, the
other three of course, and a piece two
feet long cut from the nine inch piece.
A stick or piece of board three feet
long placed midway of the side boards
will hold them the proper distance
apart while bending them till able to
nail them to the stern board just cut.

If the boards are wet they will bend
easier and with less danger of breaking,
though unless assisted by a second per-
son the workman will l)e obliged to use
a rope or strap to draw them together
and hold them until they can be nailed.
Another nine inch piece must be nailed
across on top of stern and sides form-
ing the stern seat and holding the sides
lii-mly together. Boards may now be
laid across the bottom, marked, sawed
and nailed on, until the bow is reached.

Use about four nails in the end of
each board and see that the pieces are
close together, leaving no large cracks.

Two pieces of the nine inch board
are saved to use as seats, the remainder
may be used with the wider pieces in
making the boat bottom.

One of these seats should be fitted
about three feet from the stern and the
other two feet ahead of the middle.
The ends should rest on cleats nailed to
the side boards and the seats firmly

nailed in placeas they brace the boat
and prevent the sides from springing.
A triangular strip should be fitted over
the bow post, (one of the corners of that
post, which was ripped off will do) and
when fastened on extends down over
the bottom board and covers the ends
of the side pieces, forming a blunt cut-
water. Every collector has of course a
stock of hemp or oakum and the cracks
between the bottom boards must be
caulked with these, using a hard wood
wedge or a dull chisel to di'ive it into
the crevices firmly.

Cotton waste will also answer for
caulking material.

If the center brace is removed, seats
fitted, all cracks and nail holes plugged
the pitch may be got ready for applica-
tion.

This substance, such as is used on
roofs, walls, etc., may be melted in
some old iron pot until it can be ap-
plied with a swab.

It is well first to take an old tin can
and in sailor parlance "pay" the seams
Avith melted pitch, that is pour a thin
stream of the stuff" along the cracks
where it will penetrate the oakum and
harden, eff'eetualty excluding the water.
With the swab smear both inside and
out of the boat bottom and your 'bateu'
is ready for the water.

Oar locks and oars maj' be used but
the collector will find paddles prefer-
able often as they eaal)le him to face
the bow.

As the craft draws but a few inches
of water it may be used on marshes
where a shoving pole will be most lise-
ful in propelling it.-

The bateau constructed as above will
easily carry three or four persons and
with paint and better lumber is quite as
good as any boat of similar character
for pleasure riding, fishing, hunting or
trapping.

The cost is so low that if only used
for one vacation it can be turned adrift
or given away with little loss.

THE OOLOGIST

179

The material can be proeurred al-
most an.ywheie, the pitch being most
difficult to obtain, but it is kept by most
dealers in building supplies and all ship
cliandlers.

The brief directions above are modi-
fied from similar material in Camp
Life and the Tricks of Trapping* by
Wm. H. Gibson; a book which every
field collector should possess.

To build a boat as above described is
not merely theory, it has been practi-
cally demonstrated by the writer.
Albert B. Farnham,
Benning, Dist. Columbia.

* This book can be proeurred of the Pub-
lishers of the OoLOGisT. and will be sent pre-
pain upon receipt of $1.00.

A Fair of Bubos at Home-

With the rapid clearing of the for-
ests from the smaller water-courses of
this section, the Great Horned Owl has
ceased to be abundant and in this lo-
cality is met with only occasionally. I
know of but one pair residing at pres-
ent in this township. Their home is
in a thirty-acre tract of timber border-
ing the shallow creek two miles west
of my home town, and they are so
harried by hunters and crows that life
must be a burden to them. However,
food is abundant, for the tract still
harbors squirrels and small birds in
numbers, and therefore I suppose Bubo
is content to remain a landmark of
happier days.

While tramping over this wooded
tract last fall, I daily startled one or
both of these Owls from their morning
naps. They see well in daytime, and
do not appear inconvenienced by the
light, though their flight among the
trees is low and uncertain. If they
ax'e pui'sued, a bare limb above the
middle point of a large tx-ee is usually
selected for a new perch, and the low-
est point of their flight is just before
rising to alight in the tree. When quiet

reigns again, they seek a new retreat,
either in a hollow tree or among the
branches of a brushy one, the latter be-
ing their preference. As evening
comes on, they leave their resting
places and fly forth with strong flight
in wide, irregidar circles, shrinking
from no enemy and fearlessly display-
ing their powerful rapacious natui'es.

For birds that are popularly sup-
posed to doze during the day. these
Owls are remarkably wakeful and
wary. It was a difficult matter to sur-
prise either of this surviving pair of
Bubos, and rarely was I allowed to ap-
proach within shot gun range of them.
The moment they were flushed, a noisy
pack of Crows would be in hot pursuit,
and when the Owls alighted, the Crows
Avould perch on all sides of the object
of their disgust some occasionally fly-
ing quite near and making a feint at-
tack, to all which demonstrations the
Owl was supremely indifferent. Any
movement on the part of the Owl
would evoke a perfect torrent of out-
cries and abuse from the Crows. Fin-
ally, having exhausted the corvine vo-
cabulary of epithets and scurrility, and
becoming tired of deriding that which,
like Diogenes, would not be derided,
one by one the Crows would leave the
spot and seek less stoical victims or less
noisjr amusements. When I entered
the woods, if I failed to startle him my-
self, I seldom f'eiled to locate the par-
ticular quarters of Bubo by the noisy
demonstrations of the Crows. I often
wished that the Owl would for once
so far forget his bubal dignity as to
lose his temper and pounce upon one
of his tormentors, that I might witness
the hasty scrambling of the cowardly
crowd to safe quarters. But Bubo is
long suffering and sets us a noble ex
ample of patient endurance in perse-
cution.

Along in January Bubo became
musically inclined. As the sun sank
behind the western knoll, at the close of

180

THE OOLOGJST.

the short afternoon, and I tramped my
weary way horaewai'd in the gathering
gloom, the big bass voice resounded
out from the trees with "who,—,tvho,
who," the space representing a rest in
the usual notes, and though far away
the heavy tones followed me on my
Avay.

On Feb. 17th of this year, I missed
the pair from the tract of woods,
though I searched closely for them, as
I was becoming anxious to inspect the
domestic arrangements of Mrs. Bubo,
and having been B. Hindtime once in
my life at least, I had no desire to be
as unfortunate in this case. On my
way home, however, I passed through
a twenty-acre tract of woods east of
the first-mentioned and adjoining it,
hearing the usual Crow racket, and 1
found my Biihos, which had apparently
pre-empted and were at home in the
new claim, though as yet there was no
evidence of housekeeping. On the fol-
lowing Saturday, Feb. 24th, I found
myself in the east timber again looking
for Bubo. I had crossed a smalUra-
vine and was ascending the rising
ground on the opposite side, when Mr-
Bubo started from the brushy trees
ahead of me. He Happed silentlyaway,
though not unobserved by several loit-
ering Crows, and the usual racket be-
gan. What interested me, ho-vever,
was an old nest in the top of a scrubby
oak, about thirty feet from the ground,
and I felt that set number one of the
season was about to be recorded.

It was a cold day with six inches of
snow caked on the ground, I saw that
the tree was a scratchy one, and I had
no climbers, but up I clambered.
When about half way up I felt a catch
in my left leg and it refused to come
up properly. Moreover that nest
didn't look just right, and I felt that it
was too early for eggs anyway, but I
kept scratching up and reached the
nest. It was not empty, but tilled to the
brim with dried leaves. I descended

as rapidly as the brushy limbs and the
catch in my leg would admit, with
bleeding wrists and bruised shins. It
was a colder day than 1 had thought.

I readjusted my wraps and went on
through the woods. Soon I saw an-
other old nest in a tiee ahead of me,
and on approaching it, I saw a pair of
tufts protruding above the uest, and a
familiar head peering over the edge of
the ruin, then Mrs. Btibo slightlv
spread her wings over her treasures
and crouched lower to await develop-
ments. A few blows on the trunk of
the tree sent her flapping away into
another portion of the woods. There-
was no mistake this time. Here was
a smooth-barked hickox'y, with no limb
nor prominence, for twenty-five feet,
with the nest set in a crotch eight feet
higher. However, I forgot my bleed-
ing wrists, my bruised shins, and the
catch in my leg, threw off my coat,,
and began to reach and pull up the
smooth trunk. My fii'st efforts carried
me up to within eight feet of the
first limb. Then I stuck and with,
each new reach I failed to gain an inch.
In fact, I lost several inches. I felt
that I had i-eached a crisis. To slide
down from that height was ignominy,
while above me was that which alone
could satisfy my longing nature. Mr.
Editor, you have doubtless been right'
there. I made a final desperate reach,
clung fast, pulled up, and soon landed
on the limb below the nest. But why
prolong a short story? I found two
beautiful fresh eggs lying about four
inches apart on the bare twigs of an
old Hawk'"? nest and thus opened the
season of '94.

The Bilbos, disheartened by this dis-
aster, returned to their forest quarters.
In the early Mai'ch evenings I could
hear the pair discussing their affairs ia
resounding tones.^ About March 20th I
failed to find Mrs. Bubo in company
with her spouse and he had again ceas^
ed to display his magnificent voice^

THE OOLOGIST.

181

Their new home was in a hollov about
thii'ty feet h'gh in a big Cottonwood,
and in this safe I'etreat two young
Bubos will be trained to endure the
abuse of Crows and to evade the pry-
ing eyes of collectors.

P. M. SiLLOWAY,

Virden, 111.

Collecting in a Minnesota Swamp.

About four miles north of St. Paul
there is a large swamp, which is a favo-
rite breeding ground for numerons
species of water birds, especially Black
Terns and Rails.

On the 9th of June last season a friend
and myself started out for this place to
put in a day's collecting. On arriving
there no boats could be found, so we
were forced to wade up to our waists
with our clothes on, as the water was
extremely cold.

The swamp is suiTounded by a patch
■of rushes and cat-tails in which the Yel-
low-headed and Red-winged Blackbirds
breed by the hundreds. The Yellow-
heads are much more numerous than
the Red-wiugs, and, as a rule, make
their nests considerably higher up in
the reeds.

We collected a series of twenty sets,
which show gieat variations in shape,
size and coloration. The nests of the
Yellow-headed Blackbirds ai'e placed
from one to four feet above water and
strongly woven to the surrounding
reeds.

The nests are composed of strips 'of
dead reeds and lined with dry gi'asses.
Some of the nests were lined with thin
shavings and excelsior, though where
they got them I am at loss to know, as
there are no buildings, that I know of,
in the vicinity.

The eggs were usually four in num-
ber, rarely five, and*occasionally three.

At this date the eggs were well incu-
bated, the last week in May being the
best time to procure fresh sets.

After collecting these we pushed on
and soon came to a Sora Rail's nest con-
taining a fresh set of ten. After a half
an hour's searching we obtained six
more sets of Sora's, three of ten, two of
eleven and one of fifteen — an unusually
large one.

We also optained three sets of Vir-
ginia Rail's, all of eight eggs, which is
the usual number here. The Rail's
nests are simp'y a heap of decomposed
weeds and other vegetable matter, on
which a heap of small strips of dead
reeds about two inches in length are
placed, there is usually a hollow in the
top of this about an inch or two deep in
which the eggs are laid.

The nests are about three inches
above water, and the eggs are gome-
times covered with water, which does
not seem to effect the birds at all, how-
ever, as the eggs are usually hatched
out all right notwithstanding this.

In no case was the parent observed
on the nest.

Passing on through the rashes we
came to an open space, clear of reeds,
thick with floating vegetable matter.
Suddenly a large bird flew up to one
side, in the edge of the reeds, hastening
there we found a beautiful set of four
*eggsof the American Bittern. Upon
blowing these proved fresh.

All at once a cloud of Black Terns
arose from a patch of floating matter,
enclosed by a circle of reeds. The
Terns kept up a terrible fuss and we
thought they must have young.

Upon wading over to that side we be-
gan to search for their nests. We soon
found and collected a good series of
sets, the Terns meanwhile keeping up
a deafening racket, and darting down
at us and knocking our hats off several
times. At last their attact began to be
unpleasant to say the least, and my
friend at last took out his 22 cal. revol-
ver and tired several shots into them,
1)ut this was of no avail and they kept
it up worse than ever until when we

182

THE OOLOGIST.

had collected all the sets we needed we
were glad to beat a retreat and get
rid of them. I have never found any
birds so tierce at any one disturbing
their eggs, except perhaps the Robin.

The nests of the Terns were flimsey
affairs, simply half a dozen pieces of
reeds laid around their thi'ee eggs to
keep them from I'oliing off the Musii-
rat houses on Avhieh they wei'e laid.

Upon blowing the eggs they were
found to be far advanced in incubation,
and they would have hatched in two or
three days,

We then i-etraced our way through
the reeds, taking a set of five Least Bit-
tern, on the way.

Walton Mitchell,
St. Paul, Minn.

A Collecting Trip in North Dakota.

During the spring of "92 I was collect-
ing specimens in the ornithological line
in North Dakota.

I am deeply indebted to Mr. Judd of
Cando for courtesies extended. Being
an energetic and enthusiastic
collector and the possessor of a fine
pair of Bronchos, suflice to say he
made an agreeable companion. Of the
different interesting localities visited, I*
will confine my narrative to a trip to and
from Devil's Lake Avhich occupied three
days about the middle of June. As one
would naturally suppose we got an
early start leaving Cando before sun-
rise. Our dog Fritz employed himself
catching gophers for the first few miles.
On our right we watch Ring-billed and
Franklin's Gulls seeking a breakfast
on a newly plowed strip of land. Of
the different species of birds seen I have
not space to make special mention of
each. Conspicuous among them how-
ever were the Chestnut-collared Long-
spui's with their soai'ing and "a la par-
achute descent" as Dr. Coues fittingly
calls it.

Black Tern and Yellow-headed Black-

birds Avere in sight most of the time.
Baird's Sparrows were more often lieard
than seen, and each pond and slough
had its usual quota of Ducks. As we
neared the Big Coulee Ave saw a female
Blue-winged Teal alight in a thick
bunch of grass. Upon investigation a
set of eight eggs Avas discoA^ered. At
Church's Ferry Ave made a short stop to
make inquiries concerning routes, and
were soon on our way towards Gra-
ham's Island as we supposed. 1 com-
menced to feel drowsy as the heat of
the day came on. HoAA'ever I was soon
awakened from mj'^ slumbers by a flut-
tering on my left. Fritz had flashed a
"Pintail Chicheu" from her nest. How
1 regreted that I Avas not the possessor
of a kodak.

The dog came to a point and the
Grouse stood on the defense with head
loAvered and Avings half spread. The
nest, partially hidden lay between. Our
collecting boxes soon contained its nine
chocolate-brown beauties Avhich we
marked Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse.
We soon discovered a small lake sur-
rounded by bulrushes. As it appeared
to be a favorable locality Ave staked out
the ponies and proceeded to explore it.
I'll not go into details. But in the course
of an hour Ave had taken two sets of Mal-
lard eggs one sixteen in number and the
other fifteen, one set of nine eggs of the
Gadwall and one set often of the Rud-
dy Duck. Also four set^ of Coots eggs
the largest numbering fourteen, to-
gether with several sets of Yellow-head-
ed Blackbirds. We left one set of the
Pintail Duck that were heaA'ily incu-
bated and fourteen sets of Coots. We
proceeded on our way. In passing
over a stretch of land that was streAvn
with boulders we obserAed many
Night-haAvks setting on the rocks ap-
parently asleep. They would allow us
to approach within a few feet before
flying. As we came up over a slight
elevation of land we got our first vieAV
of Devil's Lake.

'!HE OOlAXUST.

183-

We were somewhat astouished to see
the tOAvn of Minnewaukaa not far dis-
tant, and the lake looked as though it
had lost its grip, about all that could be
seen was a good sized vand hole. After
taking a set of the Swainson's Hawk
from a nest in a piece of timber close by
we once more turned our horses heads
towards Graham's Island. We followed
a w'ell worn trail for many miles and
then turned off into the timber. Here
we discovered a log cabin with three
young men in possession. One of them
conducted me to a well about twenty
rods away where I refilled our bottles
and jug. He was anxious to know our
business so I explaineil as far as pos-
sible. He saitl he knew of some Ducks
nests in trees but did not want me to
take the eggs, as his "partner" would
be angry if they were in this way sac-
ritied to the cause of science and then
perhaps the aforesaid "partner" would
have less Ducks to slaughtar and throw
away, a very common practice as far as
I could learn. By the use of a little sil-
ver I finally persuaded him to point out
the trees. I expected to find Hooded
Mergan.sers, but to my joy they proved
to be American Golden-eye. Both nests
were in elm trees. One contained ten
eggs, the other thirteen. The nests
composed of w^hite tlown were placed
within eighteen inches of the opening.
One nest was within fifteen feet of the
grounfl. The other was placed in a
hollow branch perhaps twenty-five feet.
I had quite a hat full of eggs but still
had room for a set of Parkman's Wren
that were snugly hidden in an old rul)-
ber boot that hung on the side ot the
cabin. But I did not take them as the
"partner" was coming to see what de-
layed us. To get rid of an argument
and save time I passed around the back
of the cabin, jumped into the wagon
and took French leave. ^Ve soon
reached the end of th*e island or rather
peninsula. The only boat there was
useless so we could not visit the islands

wdiere the Ring billed Gulls and Com-
mon Tertis nested. Here we camped
for the night using Buft"alo skulls for
seats and slept under the wagon. I
will not describe at the present time
our discomfort, but between the mos-
quitoes and the preparation to keep-
them awaj' that burned like lire on our
parboiled skins, betvveen the smoke and
intense thir.^t (caused by alkali water)
and the drenching we received from a
i-ain storm during the night. I think
it will be many a long day before I for-
get that nights camp on the shore of
Devil's Lake.

The next day's search rewarded us
with one set of eight eggs of American
Golden-eye. Also one set of Purple
Martin taken from a hollow in a tree.
The tree that contained the Duck nest
had a huge nest of the Red-tailed Hawk
in which were two young in the down
and one egg. Our second night's camp
was on the prairie not far from Grand
Harbor. The next day we spent most
of our time at what is locally known as
Lake Alice. There we found a colony
of Night Herons. Had we been so
minded we could have taken hundreds
of Coofs eggs around this lake. Sev-
eial pair of Swainson's Hawks had
placed their bulky nests in bushes not
over six feet from the ground. Some
one had scraped the eggs out of them
and broke them except in one instance
where we picked up three eggs in a per-
fect state. A set of Shrike's eggs com-
pleted our finds for the day. W&
reached Cando that evening in due
time well pleased with our trip and our
heads full of plans for a longer one to
the Turtle Mountains.

KuwiN S. Bkvant,

Phrenix, N. Y.

Late Nesting.

It may he of interest to the readers
of the 0(')LOGIST to know tiiat on Octo-
ber 5, 1893, the nest of an Aiizoua Gold-

184

THE OOLOGIST.

finch was discovered by the sharp eyes
of a small boy.

The nest was situated in the branches
of a peach tree, about seven feet from
the ground. When discovered the nost
contained two eggs of a light blue color
without markings.

On October 10th. I again visited the
nest and found it to contain four eggs.

The bird and nest were both taken.
The bird is now mounted upon the
edge of her nast in my collection. A
short time after this another boy found
a nest of the same species with young
birds in it. E. De Lay Palmer,

San Bernardino. Calif.

an unus al circumstance as this bird
will usually desert its nest if disturbed.
Harry R. Paixtox,
College Park. Cala.

An Early Find.

Who would think of looking for the
nest of our smallest bird in January-
Well, January 30th of this year found
me gazing up into a cypress tree for no
other purpose than to see the nest of an
Anna's Hummingbird and the bird sit-
ting. I was soon up the tree but found
it impossible to look into the nest with-
out taking it from the limb. This I did
and it contained only one egg. I was
undecided Avhether to replace the nest
and leave it for a complete set or be
sure of one. I soon resolved to wait
for No. 2 and so placed the nest back on
the limb.

Next day I returned and the bird was
there as if she had never been disturbed.
Going up and finding still only one egg.
I thought as she had resolved to stick
by the nest I would give her time to lay
that second egg. The next day there
were two which I took with nest.

The nest had been used last year and
was repaired very little for new house-
keeping. It was fifteen feet from the
ground on a horizontal limb one-half
inch in diameter just where there was
a small twig branching off to the side
which helped to keep it in place.

This is the earliest record I have seen
in the columns of the Oologist and is

The Golden Eagle in Indiana.

I have been a hunter in different parts
of this State, and never saw this grand
bird until Dec. 10th, 1893.

While hunting in the woods near
Denver, I had laid down my gun, and
was watching a gi'ound hog. Suddenly
hearing a noise resembling a large sky
rocket, as it poes through the air. I
jumped to my feet and looking up saw
a large bird coming from above with its
wings almost closed. It came within
20 feet of ray head, and then sailed off
and perched on a tree about 100 yards
away. I went to mj' gun and just at
that moment I heard the same noise
and again looking up saw another com-
ing from above like an ari'ow straight
at me. He came to the top of the trees
and then alighted, and I tired both bar-
rels of my gun at him and wounded
him badly, but he succeeded in getting
away, and the other one soai'ed up un-
til it was only a mere speck in the sky,
and then left me. The.se birds -were, I
think, five or six hundred feet high
when they started to descend, and they
came straight down. On the 22d of
Dec. 1893 a farmer killed one while it
was fighting a dog over a chicken he
had caught, and I bought it of him. It
measured seven feet and four inches
across the wings. I mounted him and
have it in my collection, and prize him
above all other specimens.

I have been a hunter for 30 years, and
my father has hunted for over 60 years,
but neither of us ever saw the Golden
Eagle in this State before.

C. F. FiTE.
Denver, [nd.

THE OOLOGIST

185

The Oologist,

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to

OOLOGY AND ORXITHOLOGY..

F. H. LATTIN, & CO., Publishers.
ALBION, N. Y.

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«»ITERED ATTME POST 0""CE »■' •L=iO'<. x. v., «3 SECOM>c_»ss U«TT=?_

You Are a Judge.

Your det'i.siou must be mailed ii.s not
later than the tenth day of June.
Write on back of a postal card the five
articles which you have decided to be
the most valuable, instructive and iyiter-
esting in this number of Oologist and
mail to us. Number the articles in the
order which you think the prizes should
be awarded.

We give our Judges five prizes hav-
ing an aggregate value of over $5. one
to each of the five whose decisions are
nearest the final award of Mss. prizes.

Golden-winged "Warbler .
[Helminthiphila chrysoptern, Lixx.)

This handsome little \\ arbler is quite
abundant in this section of the State,
and a number of collectors" cabinets
contain them. My cabinet contains
two sets, one of three and one of four
eggs.

On May 19, "92, while collecting in a
low marshy tract of land, I flushed a
l)ird from her nest and after some
searching found it built under a tussock
of grass. The nest was composed of
leaves and grass and lined with fine
vegetable roots. The nest contained
three eggs of the usual color and were
slightly incubated, so I have no doubt
as to their being a full set.

My second set was taken in the same
vicinity but was built in a bush one
foot from the ground. The nest was
built of the same material and con-
tained four of the handsomest eggs I
ever saw The ground color was of a
creamy white, regularly spotted and
blotched Avith umber, chestnut and
gray, the spots large and distinct.

The eggs bear the closest resemblance
to each other of any set of eggs I have
ever taken.

I have noticed that this bird is very
fond of moist and swampy land, cov-
ered with tussocks of grass and stunted
bushes and can be found in these places
throughout the breeding season.

F. C. Hubbard,
Geneva. Ohio.

My First Set of Pine Siskin's.

As I have never written for the Ool-
ogist, I thought its readers might like
to know how I collected my tirst set of
Pine Siskin. It came about in this
way.

A collector friend, Wm. L. Finley,
used to come to my home Saturdays to
spend the day collecting.

186

THE OOLOGJST.

One Saturday morniug, bright and
early, we shouldered our boxes and
gun, and with the dog, we started on a
trip.

We started dowu a small stream and
when we bad gone a short distance-
Will wanted to stop and get something
out of the box. While he was thus en-
gaged 1 began to look among the trees
for nests. All at once I spied some-
thing that looked like one, up in a fir
tree about forty feet from the ground.

Will, said I. that looks like a nest,
and he told me to go up and see. so I
went across the creek and climbed the
tree and saw a bird on the nest, I scared
her off and then saw four eggs, but the
nest was out on a limb about six feer.

I had Will bring up a box, a piece of
rope and a sling shot. When he got up
where I was. we tied the rope out on
the limb as far as we could, then we
fastened it securely to the tree above
our heads, then bejfan to saw it off, it
fell across another limb so all we had to
do was to pull it in and we had the
prize.

I then asked Will what kind it was
and he said that he did not know, but
took out his sling and killed the bird, so
we were able to tell it was a Pine Siskin.

We found many other nests that day,
but none so rare as the Siskin. Tired
and weary, we retraced our steps home-
ward, and after partaking of a hearty
lunch, we drew cuts to see which would
become the owner of the set of Pine
Siskin's, I drawihg the lucky "cut,"
secured the prize.

Since then I have found a number of
nests of the same species.

Ray Stryker,
Milwaukee, Oregon.

which was about three inches high.
Nest, a slight hollow in the rotten
chips.
A very unusual occurrence I think.
J. E. Graham,
Waterloo, Ind.

An Elevated Killdeer's Nest.

While collecting, May 31, 1893, I
found a nest of Killdeer containing five
eggs slightly incubated, and situated in
a corn field, on top of an old stump,

APRIL CONTEST.
Eighty-four Judges.

Prize winners and credits received by
each were as follows:

1. Scenes from the Life of Alexan-
der Wilson, 310.

•2. Maryland Birds that Interest the
Sportsman, 281.

3. The American Crow, ^iS.

4. A Disastrous Season on Pelican
Island. 135.

5. Hints about Data and Field Books.
103.

The Judges" prizes were awarded as
follows:

1. No. 70— F. A. Colby, Beatrice,
Xeb. Exact.

■2. No 16— W. H. Myles, 53 Arkle-
dun St., Hamilton, Ont. 1, 2. 3, 5, 4.

3. No. 59— Erie Morton. No. 517 N.
2d St., Leavenworth. Kans. 1, 2. 3, 5, 4.

4. No. 75 — Fred McAllister, Davison,
Mich. 2, 1, 3, 5, 4.

5. No. 66— H. L. Heaton, Oberlin,
Kans. 2, 3, 1, 4, 5.

As the following Judges were exactly
as near the winning articles as Judge
No. 66, we awarded each a 5th prize.

No. 71— Egbert Bagg, L'tica, N . Y. 3,
2, 1, 4, 5.

No. 72— L. P. Williams, Redlands,
Calif. 3,1,2,4.5.

The following also named the prize
winning articles:

No. 13— H. T. Van Ostrand. Mass.

No. 15— R. A. Campbell. N. H.

No. 22— F. W. Parkhurst, N. Y.

No. 38— H. A. Washburn, Mass.

No. 41— B. H. Douglas, Kans.

No. 42— C. H. Finne, Ark.

No. 62— R. C. McGregor, Calif.

All prizes were mailed on May 10th..

THE OOLOGIST.

187

INSECT DEPOT.

Large and Showy Butterflies. Moths. Beeties
and all orders of Insects from all parts of the
World. Coccoons. and Chrysalides. Inflated
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raise them successfully. Also in stock all
species of mounted birds in pairs. Birds skin-s.
birds' eggs in clutches— from North America
and Europe. Will take in exchange rare Amer-
ican Butterfles. Mof-s and Beetles. Coccoon.s
and Chrysalides, also the larger birds eggs In
sets. Will give rare single-! for sets. We car-
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Address.

PROF. CARL 3RAUN,

Naturalist,
BANGOR. MAINE, U. S A

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110 '• • • •• Dec. '■

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Davie's Nests anOggs

North American birds

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The arrangetneni of tbn work is according to
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190

THE OOLOGIST.

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192

THE OOLOGIST.

Warne's Library of Natural History.

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VOL. XI. NO. 6. ALBION, N. Y., JUNE, 1894. Whole No. 104

Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales.

Brief special annouucements, "Wants,' "Exclianges" "For Sales," Inserted In this department
for 50C per 3.5 words. Notices over 35 words, charged at the rate of one cent per each additional
word. No notice Inserted for less than 50c. Terms, cash with order.

"Dealebs" can use these columns at Regular Advm-timng rates, only,
Strictly First-class specimens will be accepted In payment at one-halt list rates. '

Exchange cards and Coupons (subscription) will be accepted for "Wants" and "Exchanges' only
and according to conditions stated thereon.

25 V AR. fine foreign stamps for every U. S.
half cent sent me or 6 var.U.S.. 30 var tor every
big cent sent me. FRED WETHERINGTON,
722 Harrison St., Paducali, Ky.

WANTED:— To exchange about fifteen dol-
lars' worth birds eggs in isets and singles, well
blown, with carefully prepared data, for Ridg-
way's Manual. J. ROWELL NOWLAND,
Cokesbury, South Carolina.

REVOLVER wanted. Will give one set of
Amei-ican Woodcock. ^ and Spotted Sand-
piper, '4 with data for same. 23 cal. Smith &
Wesson preferred. F. C. HUBBARD, Geneva,
Ohio.

TO EXCHANGE.— Minerals, fossils.land and
fresh water shells, animal skulls, and curios-
ities for same or anything suitable for a public
museum. THOS. S. HILL, Knoxville, la.

ALL Wisconsin Naturalists and Scientists,
no matter in what you are interested, who are
in favor of organizing a State Association for
mutual benefit, should write to either A. M.
SEMPLE, Poynette, Wis., or W. E. SNYDER,
Beaver Dam, Wis.

"I have received in two days twenty-nine an-
swers to my adv. and they are still coming."
S. Fogg, Rat Portage. Ont.

FOR EXCHANGE.— One complete Roger's
Scroll saw outfit in good condition. Will ex-
change for eggs in sets with data. RAY. W.
CLARKE. Milton, Wis.

WANTED.— A good printing press and outfit,
must be in good condition . Will pay cash if
cheap. Correspondence solicited HAROLD
MCLAUGHLIN, Mason City, Iowa.

TO EXCHANGE.— One breeding pen (1 cock
4 hens) of S. C. W. Leghorns for birds eggs in
sets, old coins or offers. Valued at $10. Vv ILL
E. DAMON, Liberty, Mo.

FOR SALE.— One breech loading flint lock
rifle. Also one Prussian rifle. These are rare
pieces. DAVIS BROS., Diamond, Portage Co.,
Ohio.

EXCHANGE. Kerr & Perhani Egg tools for
first-class eggs in sets with data, stamps, per-
iodidcals, etc. Send list. KERR&PERHAM,
Sandwich, 111.

FOR EXCHANGE.— Thoroughbred black
and tan Terrier Puppies from prize winners
and of the best blood. Want No. 1 sets. A. E.
KIBBE. Box 21, Mayville, N. Y.

CHOICE botanical specimens (identification
verified by best authorities) given in exchange
for standard botanical books, good microscope
or cash. Correspondence solicited. R. D.
ALDERSON, Witch Creek, Cal.

FOR EXCHANGE.— 8 Tune Swiss musical
box, or watches. For gentleman's safety pneu-
matic tire bicycle in good order. Give full
description stating make and lowest cash price.
WM. LEHR, Bremen, Ind.

TO EXCHANGE. -Setting of eggs from fine
stock of Black Langshans for eggs in sets,
skins, books or cash. Write for particulars.
E. M. DALE, Townshend, Vt.

WANTED.— First-class sets with data of the
following A. O. U. No's: 194, 385, 423, 466a, 473,
474b, 511.519, .581c, .598. 729, 7(i7. Will exchange
for above other sets or singles. WALTON
MITCHELL, .534 Summit Ave., St. Paul, Minn.

Do You Remember

whether 'you have paid your

subscription to the Oologist

for 1894? If not you have not will doubtless receive the circular letter mailed you.

We trust you will notice at the bottom of same the Special Offers outlined

thereon. This is a matter that should have your immediate attention.

Faithfully Yours, F. H. LATTIN & CO.

194

THE OOLOGIST.

TO EXCHANGE.- Electric fans. '« H. P.
110 Volts and 38 caliber revolver.all new. want
doiible breech loader or kodak. L. G. OWEN,
8606 Sangamon St., So. Englewood, 111.

FOR SALE— Bicycle (Telegram make) paid
last summer $l.=)0. High grade wheel, pneumat-
ic tire, biill bearing and perfect in every respect
(29 lbs) will sell cheap Tor cash or exchange for
good offer. W. J. PARKES, Box 1731, Green
Bay, Wis.

CALTFORNIA EGGS in 1st clas^ original
sets with data and singles to exchange for sets
not in mv colleciion. HARRY R. PAINTON,
College Park. Calif.

TO EXCHANGE.— $20 worth of second class
eggs such as Turkey Buzzard. Loon. Ducks,
all desirable egas, for detective camera.
MORSE L. HUME, Dearborn. Mich.

CHECKING LISTS, just the thing for use In
making exchanges. Revised and up to date,
20c per doz. or 1.2.5 per hundred. F. H. LAT-
TIN & CO.. Albion. N. Y.

FOR SALE.- Rough and smooth coat St.
Bernard's Pupiiie's. Eleven pi^ize winners on
pedigree (Ch. Phirlimmon Old Barry and
others! . Write for prices and descrintions.
CRKST CITY ST. BERNARDS KENNELS,
604 W. Adams St.. Creston. Iowa.

WANTED.— Correspondence with collectors
in the north-western states. Want large sets
of duck, rails, plovers, sandpiper and warblers
for eggs from this locality. A. H. W. NORTON
Box 918. San Antonio. Texas.

FOR SALE.— Birds Eggs collected in North
Carolina. Sets with data, carefully prepared,
correctly identified. Fine sets Hooded Warb-
ler and others, prices reasonable. Send stamp
for list to. THOS. A. SMITHWICK, Merry Hill,
Bertie Co., N. C.

WORLD'S FAIR Souvenir Tickets. We
have secui-ed a few complete sets of these
tickets and can offer them to our subscribers at
low rates. There is ten in the set. consisting of
Music Tickets, Complimentary. Washington,
Columbus, Lincoln and Indian tickets. Regular
Day. Children's Day. Chicago Day and Manhat-
tan Day tickets. They resemble both in size and
engraving the old style 'shinplaster." We will
send them prepaid while they last for $1. F.H.
LATTIN & CO., Albion, N. Y.

FOR SALE.— Columbia Pneumatic Bicycle
$hO, D. B. Breech Loading Shot Gim $,=>, 92 cal
Rifie J2.50. 20 no's "Oiitirg" Kc 7 f r No.. ^'0
sheets stamps 10c per sheet. Fishing Rod and
Outfit $2. FORD HAYWOOD, Gt. Harrington,
Mass.

THE attention Of Oologists and Ornitholo-
gists is called to adv. of new directory In an-
other column.

A LITERAL Interpretation of Prophecy; or
what the Bible tells us about the Location of
Heaven and Hell. And Christ's first coming as
a Lamb that has been slain for the remission
of sin. His Second Coming to be a king and
the prince of p^ace, to confine Satan a thous
and years and then loose him from his prison
for a season to deceive the nations of the earth.
And Christ's Third Coming to be the Lion of
the tribe of Judah, to raise the dead, and change
this world and the air around it to what He
calls a New Heaven and a New Earth. It is a
]2mo book. 201 pages, price prepaid 7n cents.
Address all orders to JACOB V. LITTLE
Deckertown, Sussex Co., N. J.

WANT.ED.— A number of fine Hummer skin&
any species, also a few skins of Passenger Pig-
eon. Warbler skins and other small birds es-
pecially desired. F. H. LATTIN & CO., Albion,
N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE.— Eggs of this locality for
those of others, especially want common north-
ern and western eggs. I'also have a few for-
eign stamps to exchange for eggs. ALFRED
N, ESTES, Columbia, Tenn.

TO EXCHANGE.— Send on'' 1st class set of
eggs with datas and receive 1 etrg drill, 20 datas.
."iO foreiorn stamps and 1 pencil. CLARENCE
LUTHER. P. O. Bo.K 322. Fayetteville. Ark.

FOR SALE.— Several fir.st class sets of Far-
allone, Cormorant and California Brown Peli-
can Ecgs with data. Cormorants in sets of 3,
.Wc and 4. 6!ic: Pelicans in sets of .3, $1, S, M.
BARLOW, 21.34 Fifth St.. San Diego, Calif.

CONFEDERATE MONEY.— Twenty dollars
for fifteen cents. Ten dollars for ten cents.
Five dollars for seven cents. Gunranteed ori-
ginal Confederate Bills, no imitations. ROB-
ERT E. MAXWELL, Box 1961, South Bend,
Indiana.

TO EXCHANGE.— i^ooks. papers, stamps,
curiosities, minerals and a few egsrs. for eggs-
insets or minerals, etc HERBERT DALY,
.511 Babcock St., Eau Claire, Wis.

TANNING LIQUOR.— Just arrived, a new
lot of Tanning T^iquor. quart bottle, by express
SI. 00. F. H. LATTIN & CO.. Albion, N. Y,

SIMPLE method of removing skin from
blow-hole in eggs. Directions exchanged for
sets catalogued at .50e. W.J. B. WILLIAMS,-
HollandlPatent, N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE.— First-class eggs of this
locality for same of others in sets nr singles.
Send your list and receive mine. Manj' com-
mon eggs wanted. CLAUDE H. HALL,
Gainesville. Texas.

WANTED.— Second, hand standai'd works on
Botany or any division of Zoology, will give
tarantulas, trapdoor spiders and nests, and
some good Cal. bird skins. Write for particul-
ars. C. E. HUTCHINSON, 2631 Mich. Ave.,
Los Angeles, Calif.

GAME LAWS of the United States and Can-
a'?a for the guidance of Sportsmen and Anglers.
This little book, 9 pages, should be in the
hands of every Sportsman and Naturalist.
Price prepaid 25c. F. H. LATTIN & CO., Al-
bion, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.— Two doz. superior bass
flies (beauties) never been taken from cards;
scroll saw and lathe, just the thing for making
fancy trays; star safety razor; all in fine con-
dition. Want camera or first-class sets. All
letters answered. FRED N. SINCLAIR,
Skaneateles, N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE:— For 1st class Single eggs,
no common ones wanted : Wood's Illustrated
Nat. History, bird skins and eggs in sets with
data, also unusual animal freak in alcohol.
Address ERNEST H. SHORT. Chili, N. Y.

COLLECTING TUBES for 10 and 12 bore
guns. Full outfit 14.00 which includes Insert-
ion barrel. .50 shells, box primers and full re-
loading tools. These we warrant to erive en-
tire satisfaction for small birds and mammals.
Cost of loading shells less than one-flfth of reg-
ular rates. F. H. LATTIN & CO., Albion, N.Y^

THE OOLOGIST

195

I WILLexctiansre cabinet mineral specimens.
Indian curiosities for Merehaudise. Good
bjolvs. second liand watches and flre arms in
Kood condition. Best of reference given. W.
F. STONE. Junction, Lemhi Co., Idaho.

FOR SALE:— Blaclj-chinned. Rufous. Anna's
and Costa's Hummers' esrgs with nest and data
for .50cts. a set. Also Cal. Bush-tits with ne.st
and other Cal. eggs at >- cat. rates. Eggs in
sets for Cones' Key. R. H. ROBERTSON,
care of First Ward Store. East Los Angeles,
Calif.

MERRITT Type Writer. Darlot Hemispheri-
cal Wide Angle Rectilinear View Lense to ex-
change for mineral specimens, crj'stals, gems,
etc. W. JENKS, Albuquerciue, N. M.

EXCHANGE. -Fir.st-class sets of A. O. U.
No's 339, 387. 4SS. ,^98. W*. H23a. 653 and others, to
exchange for U. S. and Foreign stamps.

FRED MCALLISTER. Davison, Mich.

W \NTED to Exchange.— Fresh water shells
of Mich., minerals, etc. for shells of other loc-
alities Prefer Unios. All answered. CHARLES
MILLER, JR., 316 Jeflerson St., Grand Rapids,
Michigan.

BIRDS EGGS.--Florida birds eggs for sale
dirt cheap. 10 per cent, discount on orders of
$3.00 or over and on orders of $bV0 or over will
throw in some extra set. Send stamp for l.ht.
F. C. ELLIOT, Tallahassee. Fla.

FOR SALE.— Book, entitled. "Plain Home
Talk and Medical Common Sense." A book
for private and considerate reading. Would
yon like to know a 1 about the human body In
disease and health? Contains l.uiiO pages. 200
cuts, 34 col. platen. 200 receipts. Price by mail
postpaid $2 .tO. For full particulars concerning
book write, enclosing stamp. A. B.ROBERTS,
Wej'month, Medina Co.. Ohio.

SAVE YOUR chickens:— "The gapes"
completely cured by the Champion Gape worm
Barb ■' which has been thoroughly tested and
endorsed by successful poultry raisers. It can
be successfuUv used by anyone, and saves its
cost in every chicken operated on. ,The prices
are 10 cents each or a set of three for 35 cents,
including one with softer barbs for very young
chickens. Discounts on large orders. Agents
wanted and correspondence solicited. JAMES
P. STABLER & CO., Sandy Spring, Montgom-
ery Co., Md.

FOR BOTANISTS: -The new -Queen'' Plant
Press. I'ecognized by all as the finest Press ob-
tainable. It consists of two lattice-work
frames of standard size. 11 '2 ^y 16»2 inches,
made of strips of well seasoned wood, and put
together with four cross bars, so as to give
firmness, and yet some elasticitv when drawn
together. The frames are held together by
two straps, these being held in place by small
guides. A new feature is also added to the
press, an apparatus whereby the papers, used
and unused, may be kept separate. The entire
Press weighs but '22 ounces (without paper).
The price complete, absorbent paper, etc.. is
f3..T0 bv express at purchaser's expense. F. H.
LATTIN & CO.. Albion. N, Y.

JUST RECEIVED.— Six of each of the fol-
lowing, that I will sell as long as they last at
?1.15 apiece, postpaid. Set of the three for
$3.00. Made by the Sisseton Indians. Each
one is one soUd piece of Red Catlinite stone
very fancifully carved and Hne workmanship.
Horseshoe paper weights, napkin rings on
stand, dance knives about 10 in. long. P.i In.
wide. GEO. W. DIXON, Watertown, S. D.

WANTED:— Columbian stamps of value
over *1 and $2 Will give in ex. good Tenn.
arrow points or agate watch charms and cuff
buttons. J. MINCHIN, Fleming, Cayuga Co.,

N. Y. ■ o ,7 o

RIRDSof PARADISE.— A fine skin of Par-
adisea m/gi/sfce-vicfone from New Guinea, one
of the finest of all Paradise Birds, quoted in
Berlin Journal at !00 Marks ($35). Strictly per-
fect. $13 takes it. F. H. LATTIN & CO., Al-
bion. N. Y.

BIRDS EGGS:— Over 100 different species of
this locality, sets or .singles, to exchange for
eggs, Indian relics, shells and minerals. All
letters answered. C. R. MOSES, Lake Crystal,
Minn.

FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS: A new Killing
Can. "Canteen" style, handy for carrying in
pocket. It is made of tin. painted black, with
square piece of glass set in each side. Large
mouth at one end with cork and small nozzle
at other, for insertion of poison. A fine screen
near bottom of ' bottle preA'ents poison from
toviching the specimen. By mail postpaid for
$1.00. F. H. LATTIN & CO.. Albion, N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE or will sell a collection of
corals, shells, a few minerals, polished and
fossil marble (fine) and lower denominations
Colmbian stamps: for Coues' Key. new. and
sets with full data of Water birds. Hawks and
Owls, with nests preferred. Loon's eggs want-
ed especially. Singles to exchange for sets.
Address R. SANFORD, Hastings-on-Hndson,
New Yorlr.

TO EXCHANGE :--Scroll saw outfit. 1 doz.
Brewster's Patent rein holders (Hue sellers)
books of all kinds, by standard authors, 1 doz.
Family Rights for "making 'Eureka Labor
Saving Laundry Soap." P'ormulas for making
the noted mineral waters and Van Stan's
Stratena, corals, minerals and Indian relics.
FKANK M. HEWLETT, Dresden, Yates Co.,
N. Y.

THE -STANDARD" DATAS. Size 3x5.ueat-
ly printed 01 bond paper with vour name and
address for only $3.00 per 500 or «3.(« per lOCO.
Samples and particulars cheerfully furnished.
Also have Dejective Camera, collection of
European eggs, a small collection of Birds
skins and a few books to exchange for eggs or
a fine landscape lense. size 6^x10. .Address A.
MOWBRAY SEMPLE. Poynette, Wis.

IMPORTANT NOTICE :-On July lOth I will
issue the first number of our semi-annual Ool-
ogists and Ornithologists Directory. In order
to make it perfect, every person interested in
either or both of the above branches, should
see that their name is inserted in the book. It
will be a xnedium through which collectors in
these branches may reach Jone another and
therefore it should be complete. Names and
addresses are inserted. />•««, but it must be un-
derstood that all whose names are ordered in-
serted must be interested in one or both bran-
ches. No books free. Price -1 cents each. You
need not take a book unless you wish, but then
it is better fo have a copy. Exchange notices
are inserted for 1 cent per word. No notice for
less than 35 cents. A limited number of adver-
tisements will be taken at 50 cents per inch ;
$1 ..')() per p.age of three iuchs. We require cash
in advance for all books, notices or advertise-
ments. There is no humbug about this. We
mean business and the Directory wil surely be
out on time. It will be a 64 page book, paper
cover. Sit right down and write us at once as
we wish to goto press as soon as possible. Ad-
dress, H. EUGENE KELLEY. Decoto, Cal.

196

THE OOLOGIST

TO EXCHANGE,— Esgs in this locality for
eggs in others. First-class with datas. Send
your list and I will send mine. LEE CHAMB-
ERS. 1315 Buena Vista St., Los Angeles, Calif.

I AM PLEASED to inform my many friends
and patrons that Babbitt's new auxiliary bar-
rel or "tube" with extractor is now ready. The
extractor on tube is worked by extractor on
gun and ejects the shells to perfection without
removing tube from barrel of gun. Although
costing double the price of any extractor on the
market we shall sell as low as ths lowest.
Price $3 50, Send for Circular, JAMES P,
BABBITT, Taunton, Mass.

FOR SALE,— A fine colUection of singles
containing 344 vai'ieties valued at $121.40 for
sale at $34, This collection includes many rare
species such as Kites, Swans, Caracara, rare
Nighthawks, Chuck-wiirs-widow. Whip-poor-
will, rare Gulls Terns, etc. LOUIS WHIT-
FIELD, Tallahassee. Fla.

I HAVE the following sets with full datas to
sell at hi catalogue rates A. O. U. ^ 1-4, 6 1-6,
13aS-1.30 1-l. 30a 1-1, 313-1, 33 1-1, 67 2-1, 75 2-1,
761-1,86 1-1, 106 1-1, 118 1-4, 120a 1-4. 1911-3. 197
2-4, 199 1-5, '00 3-4 3-.5, 201 1-3, 312 1-3 320 1-2, 325 1-',
373a 1-4. 387a 1-2, 410 1-3. 420c 1-2, 430 1-3, 448 1-4,
4.53 1-4. 477a 2-3 7-4 6-5, 47i} 2-4, 498 1-3, .500 1-3, .587a
1-3 593 2-3, 611 3-4. 63'? 1-7 3-6 1-5. 703 4-4 3 3. 706 2-4,
718a 1-5, 731 1 .5. 767 1-4. LOUIS WHITFIELD.
Tallahassee, Fla.

'•BIRDS OF A FEATHER flock together."
The yidiologisf flocks by itself. There is only
one of its kind and it is the one. Every wide-
awake student or collector of birds and eggs
sbould take the Nidiologist , the standard popu-
lar illustrated monthly of ornithology and ool-
ogy in America. Do you know that in the last
eight numbers of the magazine 39 illustrations,
mostly beautiful half-tones ranging from a half
to a page in size, have appeared? Valuable
notes from the field and humorously told
stories of collecting adventure appear in each
issue. Otto Emerson's article on the water
birds of Minn., in April number, has three half-
page half-tones from photos of birds and nests.
Remarkably interestmg, illustrated articles
are on hand for future numbers. Subscribe
now. Free exchange notice. Subscription
only one dollar per year; sample 10 cents— no
free copies. Address, NIDIOLOGIST or H. R.
TAYLOR, Alameda, California.

STAMPS on Approval. — 10 per cent. Commis-
sion. ,50 varieties stamps including Japan 10c,
lOO varieties including Siam 15c, '300 varieties
including Monaco and Havti 50c, 7 varieties
Ecuador unused 10c. MEEKER-TOWE
STAMP CO., P. O. Box 396, Bridgeport Ct. A3t

OF INTEREST to Stamp Collecters.— 600 dif-
ferent cheap sets for sale: for instance 6 Chili
.5c. : 4 Costa Rica 3c.; 6 Ecuador 5c. ; 5 Guate-
mala .5c. ; 6 Hong Kong 7c. : 7 Japan 5c.; 3 Lib-
eria 12c. : 5 Salvador luc. ; 8 Samoa, current is-
sue, 50c. and manv others. Send for dull price
list. W. SELLSCHOPP & CO., 108 Stockton
St., San Francisco, Cal. A3t

THREE BARGAINS.

Packet A is just the thing for beginners, 125
vaaieties of stamps, including a complete set
of Sweden and a Popular Album for only 50c.

A male and female skin of Red-wing black-
bird and four eggs with data for.50c.

Packet C is one of the best packets ever put
up. 2U0 varieties of stamps, such as Guatemal-
an envelopes, Heligo land wrappers and com-
plete sets of Salvador and Mexico for $1, every-
thing prepaid and safe deliverv guaranceed.
HENRY BEAUMONT, JR.,
Box 67, Nashville, Tenn.

The Compound Oxygen Treatment.

Cures many forms of diseases and debility
which physicians seldom do more than relieve
temporarily. If you are a sufferer, send im-
mediately to us for our treatment, or if you
wish proof, send for our 200 page book, sent
free. Home or oftlce treatment. Consulation
free.

DRS.STARKEY & PALEN,

1529 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.

I A N ID E A L FA M I L Y ME D I C I N E |

! For IndieeHtlon, Blllonsnesst -.^^^ -

I Headache, Constipation, Bad
I Complexion, Offenalve Breath,

i and aJl disorders of the Stomach,

I Liver and Bowels.

■r-I- P- A- N'S- TABULESI

j act gently yet promptly. Perfect

I digestion follows their use. Sold

= by druggists or sent by mail.

I Price 60 cents a box. Address

"RIPAN8 CHEMICAL CO., 10 Sprnee St.. W.T.f

NIAGARA FALLS.

Hundreds of the Eeaders of the Oologist visit Niagara annually
and they always make it a point to visit

TUGBY'S NEW MUSEUM.

This new museum is located on Falls street, only a fe >" steps from R.
R. Depots — Electric car line passes its entrauce — anil '^cupies a new
three story building, which cost thousands of dollars to bnild and fill —
Among the hundreds of attractions within will be found a large and
magnificent collection of Birds and the iaugest collection of birds
EGGS in a Public Museum in the State. It is a well known fact the
World over that TUGBY of Niagara Falls, N. Y. is Headquartees for
EVERYTHING in the Curio, Specimen, Novelty or Souvenir line pertain-
ing to Niagara.

THE OOLOGIST. 197

EWorld's Fair Book Z.

We take pleasure iu announcing that we have made arrangements with the

publishers of

THE MAGIO CITY

To supply this celebrated work in Weekly Parts to the subscribers of the Oolo-
GiST at the very low price of ten cents per number. It will be issued in sixteen
consecutive Weeklj^ Parts, each containing sixteen to twenty magnificent Photo-
graphic Views and Historical Descriptions of the WORLD'S i^~AIR and the
MID\\^AY PJLAISANCE, by the famous American author, Mr. J. W.
Buel. The Photographs are the finest that have ever been offered to the public.
They constitute a splendid series of

Over 300 Views

In Natural Photograph Colors, embracing all the wonderful features of
the World's Fair and its surroundings, and the famous Mid^ivay Plaisance,
with its curious and interesting character sketches of life in foreign countries and
among wild and curious races of people.

More than $50,000 has been expended in the preparation of this truljj^ mag-
nificent work. The author and his staff of artists spent nearly the whole summer
at the Fair, collecting historical matei'ials and securing the grandest array of
Photographs of the buildings, gi-ounds, exhibits, landscapes, and curious and won-
derful features of the greatest Exposition that human eye ever beheld.

These photographs were taken by real artists — artists of reputation, skilled
in their profession, who knew how to select points of the greatest interest and
from which the best views could be obtained.

THE MAGIC CITY alone gives the only great Historical representation of the
World's Fair and Midway Plaisance. illustrated with Over 300 Superb Pho-
tographs, comprising an immense and wonderfully beautiful oblong volume,
11x14 inches in size.

ONE COUPON AND TEN CENTS GETS IT!

The photographs could not be purchased separately at less than from $.50 to $1.
each. Dealers charge these prices regularly for greatly inferior views of this size.
Cut out the coupons on the this page and mail them to the office of the Oologist,
with TEN CENTS each in stamps or silver, and you will receive as many as you
may order. We charge no postage on parts sent by mail.

Coupons for parts Nos. 1 and 2 were printed iu January Oologist. Nos. 3 and
4 in February and Nos. 1 to 16 in March.

Coupon for Portfolio No. 9 5 $ Coupon for Portfolio No. 11 5

The OoLOGiSTS Historical Art Series t 5 The Oologist's Historical Art Series |

OF THE S S OF THE i

World's Fair and Midway Plaisance entitled > J World's Fair and Midway Plaisance entitled J

THE MAGIC CITY S I THE MAGIC CITY J

Cut out this Coupon and mail to the I § Cut out this Coupon and mail to the t

Oologist with ten cents in stamps or sil- i \ Oologist with ten cents in stamps or sil- 1

ver, and receive Portfolio No. 9. \ % ver.andi-eceivePortfolioNo.il. €

I Coupon for Portfolio No. 10 ? $ Coupon for Portfolio No. 12 \

5 The Oologist's Historical Art Series J 5 The Oolocjist's Historical Art Series J

3 OF THE J « OF 1'HE %

I World's Fair and Midway Plaisance entitled J f World's Fair and Midway Plaisance entitled %

I THE MAGIC CITY 5 $ THE MAGIC CITY \

5 Cut out this Coupon and mail to the \ 5 Cut out this Coupon and mall to the t

§ Oologist with ten cents in stamps or sil- § J Oologist with ten cents in stamps or sil- 1

S ver and receive Porfolio No. 10. 5 .^ ver. and receive Portfolio No. 12. 5

198

THE OOLOGIST.

Figures of Importance.

Examine the number following youi
name on the wrapper o*" this Oologist.
This number denotes the time when
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New Standard Catalogue

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VOL. XI. NO. 6.

ALBION, N. y., JUNE. 1894.

Whole No. 104

Notes from Audubon's Biography.
Fred \V. Parkhurst.

Part I.

John James Audubon, the subject cf
this sketch, and one of the most thor-
ough and conscientious naturalists who
ever lived, was born in the state of
Louisiana, May 4, 1780.

Before he had hardly learned to walk
and prattle those first words so endear-
ing to parents the productions of Na-
ture, which were so bountifully spread
before him, became his constant com-
panions; and before his ideas wei'e suf-
ficiently formed to enable him to esti-
mate the difference between the azure
tints of the sky and the emerald hues
•of the bright foliage, he felt that noth-
ing less than a life devoted to the con
stant study of the beautiful and won-
derful in Nature would content him.
None but aerial companions suited the
fancy of the young Audubon. His
father generally accompanied him on
his trips to the woods, procuring birds
and flowers for him with great eager-
ness,— pointed out the elegant move-
ments of the former, the softness and
beauty of their plumage, the manifesta-
tions of their pleasure or sense of dan-
ger,— and the always perfect forms and
attire of the latter. His father would
speak of the migration of the birds,
their many haunts, and their change of
livery. This alone was enough to in-
fluence the mind of Audubon towards
Nature irresistably, inclined as he was
by instinct from the cradle.

As Audubon grew up his wishes took
form, and these wishes were to possess
•everything which came within the range
of his vision. He was fervently desir-
ous of becoming acquainted with Na-
ture, but the moment a bird was dead.

no matter how beautiful it had been in
life, the pleasure arising from the pos-
session of it became blunted. He
wished to possess all the productions
of Nature, but he wished life with them.
This was impossible, and in his disap-
pointment he turned to his father for
aid. Quick to appreciate the situation
he produced a book of illustrations.
The leaves were turned over eagerly,
and although what he saw was not
what he longed for yet it gave him the
idea of copying Nature. To Nature he
went, but was sorely disappointed,
when, after several years of constant
effort he found that his productions
were worse than those Avhich he regai'd-
ed as bad in the book given him by his
father. His pencil gave birth to a fam-
ily of crippled, ill-formed objects.
Hundreds upon hundreds of these
sketches were produced annually, and
for a long time, at Audubon's request,
they made bon-fires of them on the an-
niversary of his birthday.

Soon after Audubon went to France
and studied design under the eminent
artist David. He returned from Paris
at the age of seventeen, and from that
time his drawings assumed a foi'm. On
his arrival in America he betook him-
self to the woods with fresh ardor, and
commenced a collection of drawings,
which were subsequently published un-
der the title of the "Birds of America."

In Pennsylvania Audubon's father
gave him in his desire to always prove
a friend to him, a '"beautiful planta-
tion," traversed by a creek called Per-
kioming. Its fine woodlands, exten-
sive fields and evergreen -crowned hills
offered many a subject for his pencil.
It was here that his study of the birds
of America was really commenced.

In the year 1808 he fell in love with
and married Lucy Bakewell. and she

203

THE OOLOGIST.

evei' proved to be a faithful aud loviug
sharer of all his joys and sori'ows.
Soon after his mari'iage Audubon be-
came a merchant of Louisville, Ky., but
the same lack of success pursued him
in this business as in all others which
he laid his hand to. His heart was in
the study of Nature, and all other em-
ployments were drudgery to him, and
only to be tolerated under the most ex-
treme circumstances. He would under-
take long journeys, ransack the woods,
the lakes, the prairies and the shores of
the Atlantic. Years were spent away
from his family, yet he had no object
in view other than to enjoy the sight of
Nature in all her varied aspects. Never
for a moment did he conceive the idea
of becoming useful to his fellow-men,
until he accidently formed the acquain-
tance of the Prince of Musignano in
Philadelphia. He reached the Quaker
City on April 5, 1824, and with the ex-
ception of Dr. Mease, he had scarcely
a friend in the whole city. Audubon
called upon him and showed hun some
of his drawings, and by him was pre-
sented to the justly celebrated Charles
Lucian Bonaparte, who in his turn in-
troduced him to the Natural History
Society of Philadelphia. But the pat-
ronage which Audubon so much need-
ed he was compelled to seek elsewhere.
From Philadelphia he went to New
York, where he was received with a
kindness well suited to elevate his de-
pressed spirits. From New York he
ascended the Hudson crossed the Great
Lakes and sought the solitude of the
pathless forests. After the lapse of
eighteen months Audubon returned to
his family, who were then in Louisiana.
He explored evei'y portion of the woods
around and at last sailed for the Old
World.

Before we follow his steps to Europe
it might be as well to give an idea of
the true greatness of the woi'k which
Audubon was striving to accomplish.
Merely to state that each drawing was

life size would be a trifle vague. Not
only were the objects as a whole full
size, but also every portion of each ob-
ject. The bill, feet, legs, claws and
even the very feathers as they project-
ed one beyond another, were accurate-
ly measured. The birds in nearlj'
every case were killed by Audubon,
and were; after he had examined tbeir
motions and habits as much as^the case
admitted, drawn on the spot where
shot.

An accident happened to two hun-
dred of Audubon's original drawings
which well nigh put a stop to his re-
searches in ornitholog}'. Having busi-
ness in Philadelphia, he left the village
of Henderson, Ky., where he resided
for some yeai's, and started out on the
long journey. Before his departure he
took all his drawings, placed them
carefully in a wooden box, and gave
them in charge of a relative, with in-
junctions to see that nothing should
happen to them. After an absence of
several months he returned to Hender-
son, and almost immediately inquired
for his "treasure" as it pleased him to
term it. The box was produced and
opened, but what was his dismay to
tind that a pair of Norway rats had
taken possession of the whole, and
among the gnawed bits of paper which
but a few months before had represent-
ed nearly a thousand birds, had reared
a family. The burning heat which in-
stantly rushed through Audubon's
brain was too great to be endured with-
out affecting his entire nervous system.
He slept not for nights, and days passed
in oblivion, until the animal powers
being recalled into action, through the
strength of his constitution, he took up
his gun, note-book aud pencils and
went forth to the woods as if nothing
had happened. He even felt pleased
that he now might make much better
drawings than before; and, ere a period
not exceeding three yeai's had elapsed,,
his portfolios were tilled once more.
[To be Continued.]

THE OOLOGIST

203:

My Loquacious Pet-

During the last wetk of June, '84 I
came across a pair of young Blue Jays
that had fallen out of their nest. Their
wing feathers were yet too short to as-
sist in flight, so that I had little diffi-
culty in catching them. On reaching
home I put them in a large cage. They
hopped about a while and then squat-
ted down in a corner. On being dis-
turbed they opened wide their black,
crow-like beaks, showing their pink
tongues. They soon learned to know
me, and would flutter their wings and
cry for me to cram Mocking Bird food
into their cavei'nous mouths.

In spite of my constant attention one
died. The other was fed several times
a day for some weeks and finally learn-
ed to pick for himself.

Two months later, his wings and tail
took on a gaudy, blue metallic color,
banded by narrow stripes of black.
The dark oval which hung on his neck
like a horse's collar became glossy
black. "Doc" was now certainly a
handsome pet.

Like all other beauties he had a tend-
ency to be sly an 1 mischievous. When
loose in the room he would hide a
thimble or a button under the pin-
cushion and then seize pin after pin,
throwing them over his shoulder until
none but those deeply dx'iven into the
cushion remained. During all these
antics, his large crest was ever rising
and falling in a manner just as expres-
sive as a horse's ears.

If I was reclining on the sofa. Doc
would fly and nestle close against my
cheek, and then run his beak between
my lips. Besides being a loving, af-
fectionate pet, he was an excellent ball
player, seldom muS'ing a cotton pellet,
swiftly thi'owu from a distance of eight
or ten feet.

These were not his only accomplish-
ments. His vocal achievements sur-
passed his athletic feats. With the ex-

ception of the pretty double whistle or-
yodle, Doc gave all the notes of the
wild Jay, including many soft whistles,
trills and chuckles.

My plaj'mates announced their ar-
rival by a peculiar, shrill yell, which
my pet soon reproduced so accurately
as to decieve me. Occasionally he
whistled to the dogs, and then battered
against the wires in terror as they
pranced sheepishly about the cage.

My grandfather, being a fesble old
gentleman, was in the habit of calling
tot'the hired man at the barn many
times during the day. One sultry af-
ternoon my grandmother Decame
alarmed by the incessant calling to the-
hired man She rushed about the
house in breathless anxiety lest some
accident had befallen her husband.
He had been fast asleep on the lounge
and was not pleasantly impressed to
be awakened so unceremoniously. As
they wore explaining and discuss ug
the matter, they heard in the exact re-
production of my grandfather's voice,
Ed- ward! Ed- ward! Ed- ward! Stepping
softlj'^ to the door, my grandmother
caught Doc in the act of calling.

Some months later. Doc tried to call
Maggie, but he was never able to say
anything but Mag-ward, though I used
to stand by and yell "ie, ie, Magg-te,"
at the top of my lungs.

In '86 my Jay was swapped for some
pigeons and seventy-five cents. In his
new home he heard a lady call her deaf
husband very loudly, and soon learned
to yell Henry! Henry!

Doc's end was tragic. In former
days he would kill and eat a mouse,
but in his new home he met with rats
instead of mice. One dark and howl-
ing I'ainy night the rats made war on
Doc and slew him in revenge.

Sylvester D. Judd.

Now^ is the best time in the whole
year to secure new subscribers for the

OoLOGIST.

204

THE OOLOGIST.

Migration of the Chimney Swift-

It is often said that one swallow does
not make a spring, but I feel safe in
saying that one 'Chimney Swift' in a
locality is fairly conclusive evidence
that spring has come to stay. This
bird, often called a Swallow, which it
resembles in many ways, not infre-
quently appears north of the 40th par-
allel by April 20th, and it is not unusual
to have flurries of snow after this date,
and sometimes several days of dis-
agreeable weather. However, although
the ..appearance of the venturesome
"blue-backed" swallow in March is not
rarely followed by sleighing, and oc-
casionallj^ by good skating, the Swift
rarely appears till the balmy breezes of
late April blow, and never while thei'e
is a particle of frozen ground.

In my trips to Florida one of my prin-
ciple pleasures lie in taking bird notes,
and my return to the north is somewhat
governed bj' the movements of the mi-
grating birds. When at Palm Beach,
Lake Worth, Florida I saw the first
Swift March 31, '94. This locality lies
between the 26th and 27th parallels.

Passing north I did not meet with
this bird again till March 29th at Micco,
on the Indian River, at about 28 degrees
north latitude. At Sanford, Orange
county and Kissimmee, Osceola county
in the interior, the birds were seen in
abundance April seventh. Common at
Tampa April 8th and evidently nest
building on the 12th. Abundant at
Cedar Key, Florida, an island in the
Gulf of Mexico, April 16th. April 17th
the birds were found plentiful at Jack-
sonville, Florida.

On the 19th of April I found many
birds at Savannah, Ga. In Chatta-
nooga,Tenn., April 25th, the Swifts were
seen, and also in Kentucky the 21st.
Here I found the American Red Bud,
Cercis canadensis in full bloom, a tree
which usually blooms about May 5th to
10th in Southern Michigan.

At Cincinnati the Swifts were com-
mon also at Wilmington, a small place
N. E. of Cincinnati and in about 39i
degrees north latitude. The birds
acted at home; as if they had been there
several days. On April 23d the Swifts
were found plentiful at Fort Wayne,
Indiana.

Reached home, Ka]amazoo,Michigan,
between the 42d and 43d parallel at
noon April 24, '94 and though I looked
carefully for Swifts I failed to find them
On the 25th a few were seen, and on
the 26th they appeared plentiful.

The 8th of May the birds began court-
ing and two and three males may be
seen chasing one female. This stage
lasts for a couple of weeks or more, but
most of the Swifts are to be seen flying
in pairs by May 20th, after which date
they are devoted to nesting.

Morris Gibbs.

A Day With the Coopers' s Hawks.

The Cooper's Hawk* is one of the most
abundant species in the family in the
Great Lake Region and it is fair to call
it second in point of numbers only to
the Red-shouldered Hawk. This rating
may not accord with the estimates of
many ornithologists, but I believe all
old collectors and careful observers
will agree with me. Many young col-
lectors do not know this species, while
they are quite well acquainted with the
two common buzzard hawks. This re-
sults from the retiring habits of this
bird, which is rarely observed by the
ordinary stroller, while the soaring
Red-tail and noisy Red-shouldered, with
their conspicious nests are often well
known.

This Hawk breeds abundantly in
Southern Michigan, and many sets of
eggs are taken by the enthusiastic col-

* The Cooper's Hawk is ^written of in 'The
Raptores of Michigan,' Oologist, April, 1889,
giving several notes as to nesting habits.

THE OOLOGIST.

205

lectors in the month of May. The
earliest full set of eggs was collected
April 23d, and I believe the latest date
for a fresh set, first clutch, is May 29th.
The best time to look for the eggs is
during the first half of May.

My friend K. W., who has developed
into a great climber and collector of
Hawk's and Owl's eggs, invited me to
go out with him on a trip for Cooper's
and knowing his proficiency, from pre-
vious agreeable trips, I eagerly ac-
cepted.

We started one bright morning in the
second week in May to go over a por-
tion of his 'Cooper route.' A portion
he calls it, for the whole circuit is over
sixty miles, with all its ins and outs and
could not be well accomplished in less
than three days. We had been out one
day, but it proved rainy and windy and
the result was only a dozen eggs.
These circuits he had mapped out for
years, and has on all possible occasions
visited the various clumps of woods
and kept account of th^ active clatter-
ing Cooper's Hawks. In his cross-
country trips, when he goes for the
larger Hawk's nests, it is but little
trouble to look up the more tardy
species. In fact, to the true naturalist,
all of these walks and notes are only in
the nature of labors of love.

Away we went with a dash, behind
his fast stepper, and made nearly four
miles without a pause, where K. handed
me the reins and began buckling on his
climbing irons, while the mare was
still making good time.

Reaching an oak grove at the side of
the road, he leaped out, climbed the
fence and disappeared in a few seconds.
In less than five minutes he returned to
the carriage with four fresh eggs. In-
side of thirty seconds the eggs were
packed and we were dashing on to
another quarter, while my companion
explained that the nest just visited was
only 22 feet up in a white oak and less
than ten rods from the highway. He

said the nests were usually built in
white oaks, but that he had found them
in black oak, hickory, beech, maple and
ash.

After a mile's trot my companion left
me and struck across a field to an iso-
lated patch of dense oak woods, where ■
he had located a prospective set the
previous week. The bii-ds however
still px-oved dilatory. After this exam-
ination he cut across lots to another
piece, motioning me to drive on down
the road. In this way he visited sever-
al groves, and travelled all of two
miles, and I kept track of him and was
guided by a wave of his hand as to my
route. On his return he showed a fine
set of fresh eggs, and reported seeing
Hve nests, four of which he inspected
by the aid of his climbing irons. In
one nest there was a single egg, which
of course he left.

The Cooper's Hawk often builds in
proximity to a barn yard and seldom
far removed from the habitation of
man in this region. Very often a pair
is found nesting in a small patch of
trees within a hundred yards of a barn
and I know of one nest which was built
within half of that distance of a house.
However, if one does not keep his eyes .
and ears on the alert, nothing will be
known of the pre.sence of this bird, and
much less of its nest.

This is the most destructive Hawk to
to the chicken yard, and the agricultur-
ist is well aware of it, and is always on_
the lookout for 'them tarnal blue-backed
chicken hawks,' as he calls them. But ,
at the same time that he is heaping
maledictions on this bird, and loading
his musket with a charge which would
fix a bear, the swift flying Cooper's is ■
nesting in safety less than a hundred,
rods away in the same piece of wood
where it has nested for many years.

As the horse wended his way over the •
road to the next likely spot K. told me ■
that the nests which he had just visited
were respectively 45, 40 and 35 feet

-206

THE OOLOGIST.

from the ground. "The highest nest
which I ever found" said he, "was 60
feet up in an ash tree and the one near-
-est the ground was at only 15 feet ele-
vation in a white oak and the average
is about 35 feet. The nests do not aver-
age as high as the nests of the Buzzard
Hawks and are not as easily found as
they are. The only way that I can ac-
count for the lower catalogue price of
-Cooper's Hawk's eggs is because this
species nests in trees easier to ascend
and the number of eggs in the sets is
larger. For the nests are certainty
much more difficult to find than the
Buteo's nests. In fact, if one takes into
:account the large number of old squir-
rel's nests which are climbed to by inex-
perienced collectors, then the actual
work for the average set of blue-back
hawk's eggs is fully equal to that of any
other species which nests in Michigan.

•'It is very foolish to climb to any
Hawk's nest until one knows that the
birds have been about it for the season,
and I rarely spend time on a nest unless
I see or hear the birds in the vicinity.
It is unusual to find two pairs of Hawks
of one species occupying one patch of
woods at a time. So when I see a
Cooper about, I run through a grove,
pick out the most likely nest, and if it
is proper time for them, I climb the
tree. One can judge by the sticks on
the grounds imder the nest as to the
progress made, for all Hawks drop ma-
terial in nest construction.

"I rarely have to climb to a Hawk's
nest more than twice for the eggs and
if I am much in the woods and have a
chance to observe fully, then one as-
cent is usually sufficient. Taking all
the species of Hawks here, and the act-
ual number of climbs made, I believe
that the ascents will average me nearly
or quite two eggs, while some inexper-
ienced collectors whom I have met,
will climb a dozen trees to get a single
set of eggs. Everything depends on
observation, and to successfully visit

Hawk's nests is as much a subject of
study as the hunter's love which enables
him to secure game where the green-
horn will fail."

We now reached a large woods, and
as the fence was down we drove in
by a meandering old wood road. The
pleasure was accorded me of witnessing
my friend make an ascent to a nest.
The old bird was seen to leave the nest
and was heard clacking as she flew
about. From the momcLt that K. left
the carriage until he returned with the
set of five eggs, it took him just four
minutes and twenty-seven seconds. It
was a beautiful set, imusually blue, and
with numerous small spots of brown.

It was now past the noon hour and
visiting a farmer's house where we pro-
cured some milk, Ave ate our lunch
and continued our search. Passing
near a heavy oak woods we saw a Red-
tailed Hawk perched near a nest in a
large white oak, and K. climbed to the
nest, more as a matter of curiosity than
with hopes, as he had robbed the same
over five weeks previously. He found
a young bird and an addled egg.

"Ordinarily it does not pay to spend
time on any nests except the one spe-
cies which you are in search of. The
collector who goes out with an idea of
general collection usually fails, as does
the amateur gunner who sets out with
the intention of shooting a variety of
game. If. one is collecting Cooper's
Hawk's eggs, thats enough for one trip,
and to do well no attention should be
given to anything else.""

In the course of a mile we came to a
dense piece of woodland where the
smallfer trees and underbrush grew
very thickly about and made -walking
almost impossible. Here we found a
nest in a small black oak at not over
twenty feet from the ground, in a very
dense part of the wood. Any boy
could have climbed that tree in two
minutes, bi;t very few amateur oolo-
gist's would have thought of looking in

THE OOLOGIST.

207

this situation foi* a Hawk's nest. My
friend had heard the clacking notes
near by and had reasoned that the nest
must be in the patch. Three eggs were
in this set. which, though not a <?om-
plement, were taken .

A mile further on a nest was visited
which was built in a tall spindling
beech. It exactly resembled one of
those squirrel's nests we so often see in
the woods, and would not have tempt-
ed any one not familiar with the bird's
ways.

This article will overtax your readers
so I will bring it to a close. During
the day my companion secured twenty-
nine Cooper's Hawk's eggs, all of which
were in excellent shape for an addition
to his perfect collection. Four of them
were given to the writer of this article,
Avho will sign himself as an

Old Timer.

Some Winter Bird-Life-

A winter tramp, on a sunny daj'', is
not so bad, after all, if one is dressed
warm but light. To slip on the leggins
and shooticg coat, with its assortment
of shells in their respective pockets,
shoulder the twelve guage and leaving
the town and its millions of Sparrows,
walk up the valley along the creek into
and through the the woods and groves,
and visit the springs where it is well to
see that the gun is not loaded with dust
shot, and to be ready for a pair of Fish
Ducks (Hooded), or perhaps a small
flock of that greatest of all Ducks, the
Mallard for here, whei'e it rarely, if
ever, freezes, is where we will hud the
first two on my list of winter birds. Of
course neither are as abundant during
the coldest winter months as in other
parts of the year, but occasionally you
will strike them and one Mallard in
December is worth a half dozen Black-
heads or other Duck during the best of
the fall shooting.

Here, at the spring, we will probably

see Chickadee too, that gaj' little black-
capped fellow who comes into our
yards and around our door on the
coldest January mornings, with his
merry chick-a-dee-dee. begging for
crumbs. His near relative, the White-
bx'easted Nuthatch, another hardy resi-
dent of our northern states, will prob-
ably be found not far away. His
queer note, the quatik, quajik, can be
heard a great distance in the sharp
morning air and sometimes we make
quite a long walk before we come up
to him, scrambling up and down some
large fot-est tree, over the limbs and
under them, — no Woodpecker can rival
him in this, his method of breakfast
hunting

As we turn to leave the spring a loud
caic, caw, caw suddenly attracts our
attention upward, and there, over the
grove to our right, flj'ing in a bee line
for somewhere, and probably knowing
exactly where he is bound for, is a sin-
gle Crow, no, not single for there, over
the trees, another one appears, two
more, and another, all filing after the
leader. No use to dodge down now,
they see you already and turn up and
to the left, far out of range of the gun.
To capture a Crow this time of year re-
quires much patience, and you can
rarely do it by hiding as they appear,
coming your way, they always turn out.
I have laid in wait in a corn field in the
late fall, when the youngsters had
grown as wild and wary as their par-
ents, for a full hour, before I got a shot
at one, and before I came they were
flying continually over my hiding place.
After 1 was there, however, they
seemed to ''smell a rat" and always
turned out for me. Finally though, an
extra large single bird— you have pro-
bably noticed that single birds are al-
ways more easily deceived than flocks
—came flying directly over me and paid
the penalty for his carelessness by re-
ceiving my charge of seven, full force,
and his shiny black skin now lies on its

208

THE OOLOGIST.

back iu my cabinet, and I never look
into that particular tray without think-
ing how hard earned a Crow that was for
such an abundant species. In the sum-
mer and early fall, however, Crows are
quite easily secui'ed, but are not in as
nice condition for specimens as the
harder procui'red winter ones.

We will now turn, up into that grove
from whence we hear the continued
iap-tap-tap-ety-tap, of some small Wood-
pecker—either a Downy or Hairy prob-
bably, as these are the only common
ones in the winter. After a careful and
quiet search we discover the particular
tree where the little spotted tree-climb-
er is at work for his breakfast. He is
on the other side of that limb, we will
walk ai'ound and get a good look at
him but where is he — oh yes, he is try-
ing to keep well out of sight by follow-
ing that limb around as fast as we
walk. Thei'e he goes, in a short quick,
upvvard flight into the top of the second
or third tree, a Downy, as his small size
tells.

As we emerge from the edge of the
grove a large tiock of probably a hun-
dred Pi'airie Chickens make quick work
of leaving the two or three large, bare-
limbed oaks on the very edge of the
Held, and in quick flight, make for the
direction of the marsh. We walk
across the open tield toward the large
woods, where we will And different
birds of the winter. As we near the
old rail fence from whence comes the
familiar chip, chip of the Tree Sparrow
or "Winter Chip Bird," a large fat rab-
bit jumps out and in long, quick leaps
makes for the better cover of the hazel
patch, but he is not quick enough, for
just as he nears the hazel, two more
leaps would make him safe, the gun is
on him, hastily pulled ahead and fired
and with a full somersault bunny lies at
the edge of the cover, your lawful
meat. The report of the gun scares a
lai'ge Hawk from the edge of the wood
but he makes rather quick work in get-

ting out of hai'ms way, and as the left
barrel is charged with dust — 'tis al-
ways so — he makes good his escape
with his skin whole.

We enter the wood; fox and gray
squirrels are seen peeping at us from
around some limb or scampering away
out of harms reach, but we will not
shoot squirrels — they are not tit game
for a hunter's gun. A dozen Blue Jays
and half as many Crows are making a
fearful racket a little ways ahjad, let
us push on and see what the matter is.
On our approach the Crows abandon
the field for safer places and the Jays
scatter in all directions, but if we sit
quite still in the hazel brush the latter
are soon back and we discover the
cause of all this disturbance. A large
Barred Owl, poor fellow, is the target
for all this bird-cursing on the Jays
part, for I have no doubt but that thi>y
were calling him every name in bii'd
language. He does not, however,
seem to mind it, hardly moving an inch
as a couple screeching Jays swoop past
his head. Finally, though, he seems to
tire of the noise and persecution and
with a silent flopping of wings is off for
the thicker part of the wood.

A few steps farther on, and, with a
loud whirr of wings a Ruffed Grouse —
locally called Partridge — rises from the
sunny side of a stump and in rapid,
rising flight makes for some sheltering
tree over the hill. Now look out, where
there is.;one Partridge there are prob-
ably more. Another step or two
ahead and from the branches of a low
tree directly iu front of you another
one flies, a pity you couldn't have seen
him a minute befoi'e, but such is Grouse
hunting. You hardly make another
step forward before the Avhole covey
rises, six or eight of them and if you
are quick and true enough perhaps you
bag one or two, but more likely not! A
Ruffed Grouse is a quick bird in the
cold winter months and hard to get a
bead on. If we follow the covey up

THE OOLOGIST.

209

we will, uiue chances out of ten, tiud
them hugging the limbs of the trees.
just over the hill-top ahead, but with-
out a dog it is almost impossible to dis-
cover which tree or limlj before they
are off and gone.

If we keep on into the wooU we will
probably meet with that bold chicken
thief the resident Great Horned Owl,
or perhaps if it has been cold enough
the past week or two, a specimen of
the rare winter visitant, the Snowy or
White Owl. A Hawk or perhaps an
Eagle, soars gracefully far above us. as
we take our lunch on the sunny side of
the wood and watch the Crows tile
across the Helds,and listen to the merry
note of the Chickadee, as he comes up
closer and closer as if he wanted to get
acquainted.

We turn and cross the ci-eek, where
a musk rat quickly makes a plunge un-
der the ice at our approach, and a lit-
tle Avays farther down pause at an open
spot to watch shiners, chub or dace as
they sport in the icy creek and think
we will remember this stream for some
good bait, when black bass catching be-
gins again next June.

The sun has nearly gone down and
the birds have entirely disappeared, as
we reenter the grove on our homeward
tramp. Not a chick-a-dce-dee, qtiank or
tap of the little spotted Woodpecker is
heard, they have all sought their night-
ly resting places, the three species last
mentioned of probably in some hollow
tree or old Flicker's nest.

As we enter the village a loud trill
greets our ears and lets us know that
our good friend, the little Screech
Owl has begun his nightly raid on the
English Sparrow in the thick evergreens
and hedges. May he grow fat on their
worthless little bodies.

N. HOLLISTER,

Delevan, Wis.

The Whip-poor-will.

( A nlj'ostojnus voci ferns . )

Bordering the valley of the Kaw, on
either side for a distance of some forty
miles westvvai'd from the mouth of the
river, are contiauous ranges of low
hills broken by numberless little val-
leys.

These rough.uutillable tracts of land,
covei'ed with a scrubby growth of
Black Jack and Post oak, interspersed
frequently with dense thickets of sap-
lings and underbrush, aflt'ord a compar-
atively safe retreat for those birds
which haunt the native woodlands.
It is in these hills that I have spent the
greater oortion of my years and it is
here that I have learned to know the
subject of this sketch.

Securely hidden during the light of
day, in his secret abode, the Whip-poor-
will waits until all the members of the
'eathei"ed tribe, with few exceptions,
settle down to quiet and repose before
he comes out to help the Owl relieve
the monotonous quiet ot the summer
night. Rapidly like a faint shadow he
darts this way and that pursuing his
favorite prey. Shrouded by the friend-
ly darkness, he intrudes boldly in the-
very habitation of man, and mocks all
attempts to spy him out.

How often in my boyhood days have
I been startled and even momentarily"
frightened by the shrill piercing words,
"'Whip - poor - will, Whip- poor- will.''''
How unearthly these sounds iseemed to-
me then, yet how much have I since
learned to love them and to look for-
ward eagerly in the spring time for
their first clear tones. Had I felt the
fascination of oology during those early
days I might have had a long series of
"No. 417" on my list for many a time
have I pui'sued a fluttering biixl
through brush and saplings, entirely
oblivious of the the two precious beau-
ties which lay almost in my path. But
it is not mj' province to lament lost op-

210

TJIK OOLOGIST.

portunities but to treat of what actual-
ly came into my possession.

When I received my first "check-list"
a,fter the awakening of my interest in
oo'.ogy I quickly saw that I had passed
during my rambles many a precious
egg and resolved to make up for lost
time.

Early in April of the following spring
I started with spurs and bucket to
search for eggs of the Turkey Vulture.
I was passing through a dense thicket
of post oak when I was surprised by a
bii-d's starting up at my feet and riti-
fully dragging herself with flapping
wings through the underbrush. In-
stantly, I recognized the Whip-poor-
will. Looking carefully, I soon dis-
covered two eggs lying on a thick bed
of leaves. I forgot all about Turkey
Vultures, and turning, returned home.
The eggs ^\eYe typical of the species —
elliptical in shape -of a creamy white
ground color spotted evenly with lav-
ender and lilac. They were perfectly
fresh.

In the latter part of May I located
another nest containing one egg, and
carefully noted its position. Returning
in a couple of days later, expecting to
tind the set complete, I could tind no
trace of either egg or bird although I
searched most thoroughly. This puz-
zled me greatly at the time but I have
learned since that the bird often moves
her eggs or even young when her home
is disturbed. I have never had the for-
tune to see a bird removing her house-
hold ti-easures, but it is said she takes
them in her capacious mouth in order
to perform the feat.

My unceasing efforts found no fur-
ther reward in the Whip-poor-will line
until quite late in the season. On the
4th day of July Mr. Williamson and I
concluded to celebrate the day in the
manner most pleasing to ourselves and
took a tramp in the woods which result-
ed in the findin^' of a line set of fresh
eggs of this species. The following year

I was not able to find a single egg. al-
though I searched repeatedly every
thicket within my reach. During the
succeeding collecting season I was
much more fortunate for six nests came
under my .notice, one of which contain-
ed hatched young.

It will be seen from these results that
the bird is an irregular summer resi-
dent here, some years being very rare
and at other times being quite com-
mon. Of the eggs which I have tak^n
two sets were distinctive.

The eggs of one were unusually long
and thickly marked with very dark
lihic. The other set was I'emarkable
for its beauty, having the delicate lilac
and lavender spots so systematical.'y
arranged that the effect was most strik-
ing. This set, the most beautiful that
I can ever hope to take, now adorns
the cabinet of Mr. C. Barlow of Cali-
fornia as it has since passed into his
hands.

The eggs of the Whip poor-will are
readily distinguished from those of
other similar species. All eggs of the
Whip-poor-will have the general ellip-
tical sliape, although they vary slightly
in measurements, and all have the lilac
and lavender coloring in various de-
grees of intensity upon a background
of creamy white.

I have found the bird nesting invar-
iably in thickets almost impenetrable
to the rays of the sun. She does not
take the trouble to build a nest, but de-
posits her two eggs in some chosen
spot, usually on a bed of leaves by the
side of an old log or dead limbs. Yet,
the very carelessness of the parent
serves most effectually to conceal her
treasures which are with difficult}' dis-
tinguished from the surrounding leaves.
The only sure way of finding the eggs
of the Whip-poor-will is to search thor-
oughly and frequently every dark
thicket in the neighborhood. How-
ever one may often locate the vicinity
of a nest by going out in the evening

THE OOLOGIST,

211

and listening to the first call of> the fe-
male which is uttered just before she
leaves the nest to feed, a After the birds
have taken <ving it is useless to try to
trace them as they take no further no-
tice of their nests until they have had
their frolic and are ready to return to
the nest. It is probable that the male
pei'forms the duties of the female while
she feeds, but as I have no definite au-
thority for it I merely offer it as a sea-
sonable suggestion.

I trust this may at least benefit some
who live where the Whip-poor-will is
known to breed, but who have not, as
yet, been successful in locating- their
nests. If I succeed in this my efforts
will not be amiss.

P. C. Chadwick.

Lorving, Kas.

Notes on the Barn Swallow.

The Barn Swallow made its first ap-
pearance, for this year, in this locality,
April 29th. Although the season has
been remarkably early it has made not
the slightest diffei*ence in the arrival of
this bird. From a record which was
kept for a long term of years, of the ar-
rival of this bird, and which is now be-
fore me, I find that its earliest airival
was April 21st and its latest was May
2d — only 11 days variation. It departs
for the south about the middle of
August.

It nests, almost invariably, in the
roof of an old barn. It lays four or five
and rarely six eggs, which are white,
spotted with brown; and it rears two
broods each year. Its nest is a cux'ious
affair, made of mud, into which are
mixed a few straws or long hairs, just
enough to give it a stringy appearance
when torn in pieces, but seldom enough
to be seen when the nest is entire.
Sometimes the horizontal surface of a
beam, or shelf is occupied as a nesting
place, but generally, by some mj'ster-

ious process, the nest is glued to the per-
pendicular side of a rafter. No attempt
at concealment is ever made. The old
nests are often repaired and used year
after year, and it would seem, some-
times, at least, by other than the ori-
ginal builders. I have seen a nest,
which, as I was told by an old man,
had been occupied every year, for more
than forty years.

Speaking of nests I am reminded of a
most curious, triple nest which I once
found. I was hunting in an old barn
for Swallow's eggs, when I noticed this
nest high in the gable. I climbed to it
and found that a Chimney Swift had
first built its nest of little twigs, cur-
iously interlocked and glued together,
and cemented to the barn with an ad-
hesive substance, which this bird sec-
rets in its stomach. Then a Phoebe had
utilized this nest as a shelf upon which
to build its own nest of moss, cemented
with clay. And lastly a pair of Barn
Swallows had, built their nest of mud,
above and partially resting upon that
of che Phoebe. I mention this as being
all the more curious, for the reason
that the Chimney Swift rarely nests
in bai-ns, and the Barn Swallow seldom
makes use of a projection upon which
to build its nest. Upon two other oc-
casions I have seen a Phoebe using the
nest of a Barn Swallow as a shelf upon
which to build its own nest.

The Barn Swallow may be called
gregarious, but it is much less so than
its cousin, the Cliff or Eave Swallow.
It is rare to find more than a dozen
pairs of Barn Swallows occupying the
same barn, but it is not at all tincom-
mon to see fifty or more nests of the
Eave Swallow ranged side by side, each
nest joining its neighbor. The Barn
Swallow is very peaceably inclined
towards most other birds, and it is not
unusual to find its nest in close prox-
imity to the nest of a Chimney Swift,
a Phoebe, or a Robin. In fact, it was
only a few days ago, that I noticed a

213

THE OOLOGJST.

pair of them industrionsly engaged in
building a nest, within an arm's reach
of the nest of a Robin, and have seen
nests within a few inches of the nest of
aPhcebe, but I do not know that both
nests were occupied at the same time.
But, let a Hawk, or an Owl, or a similar
bii'd approach and this Swallow will
become a perfect demon of ferocity, sav-
agely attacking and actually driving
from the field a bird for which it would
hardly make a mouthful. Its method
of attack is to circle around its victim,
and suddenly make a dive towai'ds it,
generally aiming for its eyes, and by its
own wonderful agility, avoiding a re-
turn stroke; it will again circle and re-
turn to the attack. I have no knowl-
edge of any bird being seriously injured
by the Barn Swallow, but I have often
seen it attack, and put to flight both
Cooper's Haivk and the Sharp-shinned
Hawk.

Its powers of flight are marvelous.
Wilson estimated that in its ordinary
flight, it's speed would average more
than a mile a minute, for ten hours in
each day. In rapidity and gracefulness
of it's evolutions, no bird with which I
am acquainted, with the exception of
its near relative, the Eave Swallow, can
compare with it. True, the Humming-
bird may be able to dart more rapidly
from flower to flower, and to change
it's course more quickly, but its flight
is erratic, and in an abruptly, zig zag
direction, while that of that of the
Swallow is regular and graceful, and in
long, sweeping curves.

By watching it's flight one may judge
somewhat of the coming weather, for,
while in pleasant weather it will always
soar high in the air, just before a storm
it will fly very close to the ground,
sometimes almost touching the tall
grass. Doubtless this is owing to a
similar habit of the insects of which it
is in pursuit. It is purely insectiver-
ous, and invariably takes it's food upon
the wing; and, although it has been ac-

cused, and perhaps justly, of destroy-
ing the honey bee, it is regarded as one
of the most beneficial of birds.

CO. Ormsbee,
Montpelier, Vt.

A Crank-

How often we have seen him hurry-
ing off early in the morning to return
laden with what he calls treasures.
Treasures indeed! Weeds, flowers,^
bugs and birds which perhaps we have
never seen. Always eager to be off on
his rambles, preferring this to other
sports, and returning with a calm, hap-
py air whether he has found his treas-
ures or is tired, empty-handed and
be-draglfcd with mud and dust.

Perhaps he is also an ardent desciple
of Isaak Walton, and a prospective
Nimrod. Willing to take countless
tramps and come back empty handed
as cheerfully as when attended by bet-
ter luck.

Now you and I call this fellow a
"crank." What can be the attraction
in such pui'suits. True his collections
are pretty, but he doesn't seem to cai'e
for that alone. He will grind out an
endless strain on the wonders of this
and that, which may happen to be a
commonplace plant or bug. We con-
template him with a sort of patronizing
pity that he should fritter away his-
time in such an unprofitable manner.

Ah! my friends could you but read
his inmost thoughts you would see your^
pity worse than wasted. It is lie who
can pity, for your lack of enthusiasm,
that you live on unmindful of the beau-
tiful things around you. He is a crank
because he loves Nature and delights in
delving among the secret wonders with
which her storehouses ai'e filled, yes,
even to overflowing. Moi-e than this,
he realizes in these wonders the mani-
festations of his Maker, in the whisper-
ing forest in the joyous songs of birds
and insects, in the mui'mer of the rill„

THE OOLOGIST.

213

and in the thunder of the waves. He
holds communion with Nature on his
rambles and is thus led nearer his God.
His mind is elevated and enriched. His
soul is uplifted and tilled with rever-
ence and praise for Him who created
this beautiful world and filled it \vith
wonders which most of us know but
little, perhaps not at all. Whoever
studies Nature with such feelings de-
rives much good therefrom, and his
life is enobled.

Reader, if this little article causes a
change in your opinion of some"crank"
(?) and opens up some empty corner of
your heart to the warm glow of Nature,
tHen its mission will have been success-
ful. "Ortyx."

The Wren-Tit or Ground Tit-

This is one of the characteristic birds
of California, combining the traits of
the Wrens as well as those of the Tit-
mice. These birds inhabit the foothills,
canons and dry bushy plains all over
southern California.

The Wren-Tit is one of the many
birds that stay all the year round in
southern and Lower California. The
Wren-Tit's whistle can be heai'd all
day long in the thick brush on the hill-
sides and in the washes, its music is
generally confined to the low monoto-
nous whistle which is prolongedly a
trill, except when it is disturbed, then
it will scold the intruder with itsjcat-
like cries. These birds can always be
identified by their whistle, after a per-
son has once heard them.

The Wren-Tit is confined to the
coast region of California, with the ex-
ception of those found in Lower Cali-
fornia. The nest is usually built in the
thick gi'ease wood, in canons on the
hillsides. It is composed of little twigs
and soft woody fibres, and is lined with
grass and hair. It is made so that it
looks like an old nest.

The birds set so closely and look so

much like the nest that the whole looks
like an old bunch of sticks or a last
year's nest. The inside of the nest is
from two to two and a half inches in
depth by two and a half in width. The
nest is placed in the fork of some bush
and is generally about three feet from
the ground.

Although the birds are quite numer-
ous in Southern California, the nests
and eggs are quite difficult to find.

The birds are quite Wren-like in ap-
pearance, and have a habit of holding
the tail erect and twitching it neiwously
from side to side. The birds resemble
the California Brown Towhee in color.
They are a plain brown above, the tail
is long and has faint dark bars on it.
Beneath it is pale cinnamon with throat
and chest faintly streaked with dark.
The.v are about six and a half inches
long.

When the bird is on the nest it is
quite tame and will let you come with-
in a few feet of it, and then it will
slip off the nest so quietly that you can
hardly catch a glimpse of it. When
the bird leaves the nest it will run
along the ground under the bushes for
a few yai'ds and then suddenly appear
with its mate and begin to scold you
from a short distance, with a series of
scolding ci'ies. If you move on for a
few yards the birds will follow to see if
you are going away, then the female will
slip back to watcli the nest. If you re-
turn, the birds will become bolder than
they were at first.

The eggs are of a pale greenish olue
color without spots or other markings.
The eggs will fade if left in the light.
The average measurement of the eggs
is about .70 by .53 inches. The usual
number of eggs that I have found in a
set is three, although I have found two
tine sets of five.

The breeding season is from the mid-
dle of April until the last of June.

W. B. JUDSON.

314

THE OOLOGIST.

Protect Our Birds-

It appears to me that the Oolos^ist of
today seems to think it his especial
duty to desti'oy all the birds and eggs
which come within his reach. As this
is practiced by collectors who know
much more of Ornithology than myself,
I may be wrong. But it seems to me
the true lover of nature and the works
of Providence could not, with a clear
conscience, destroy so many of our
beautiful feathered creatures.

By very little reading I can find
many instances where collectors collect
from five to twenty-five sets of the
same species, the eggs having no ma-
terial difference in number, size and
mai'kiugs. Even if they should difl'er
somewhat, the peculiarities could be
put down in a note book, as every good
Oologist keeps such a book.

One person has taken, this season,
twenty-two nests and sets of the hum-
ming-bird. I hope, but hardly think,
they are all difl'erent species.

Another writer found a good breed-
ing place of one of the Ibises,
and ends his article by saying he took
about two hundred of their eggs, or
about sixty sets. I cannot understand
why one or two sets would not have
sufficed.

If this wholesale destruction of our
birds continues, what will become of
them? Ornithologists agree that
many species are becoming very scarce.
Now. we do not want to exterminate
them, with the exception only of the
English Sparrow or as Davie fitly calls
them, "the rats of the air."

Otto Grady.
Ludlow, Ky.

regions they formerly frequented after
a lapse of many years.

The latest I have to chronicle is the
return of the Bald Eagle. Last fall
Mr. F John W. 'Stacy, repoi'ted meet-
ing two Bald Eagles. One was killed
near rthe eastern border of Pontiac
township, " Oakland county, and the
other was met with alive along a branch
of Stoney:Creek. in western Macomb
county, near the boundary of Oakland
county. They have also been reported
from Wayne and other counties along
the eastern coast of this state.

Wilfred A. Brotherton,

Rochester, Mich.

Reappearance of Bald Eagles in South-East
Michigan.

From time to time I have noted the
reappearance of various birds in this
portion of the country, their return to

VireonidsB in Iowa-

This is a family of birds that are
much oftener heard than seen. Next
after the W^arblers, the Vireos are the
most delightful birds of our forest, they
address the ear and not the eye. Clad
in the simple tints that harmonize with
the verdure these gentle songsters
warble their lays unseen, while the fo-
liage itself seems stirred to music. In
the state of Iowa there are six members
of this famil3^

Red-ej^ed Vireo, Vireo olivaceus. Ar-
rives from the south about the last of
April and is common throughout the
state, c It has a loud, energetic song,
which is never out of tune, from the
time it arrives, until it departs early in
October, from early morning, through
the burning heat of noon and on into
the night, whether it is raining or no,'
go to -any woodland and you will be
sure to hear it.

Langille says, "some writer has made
it especially articulate in the following
lines:"

Pretty green worm, where'are you?
Dusky-winged moth, how fare you,

When wind and rain are in the trees?
Cheo'yo, cheerebly, chee. <

Shadows and sunshine are one to me.

IHK uOlogist

215

Mosquito aii'l gnats, beware you,
Saucy chipmonk, how dare you.

Climb to my nest in the maple-tree?
And dig up the corn

At noon and at morn?
CJieereyo, cheerebly, chee.

It's small cup shaped pensile nt',=;L, is
huug from the twigs of some shnib or
tree, anywhere from a few to thirty
feet from the ground, thi", is completed
by the first of June, ami the foiu*' white
eggs, speckled with dark brown spots
at the large end, are laid, tliey meas-
ure about .80x.6'2.

A nsst I collected last season and
which is now before me on my desk, is
composed of pieces of bark, fine grass
aild webs of spiders and catHrpillars,
lined with line shreds of grape vine
l)ark.

The Cowbird's egg is oftim found in
the nest of this species.

Warbling Vireo, Viret> c/i/v/is. This
Vireo breeds plentifully throughout the
state, arriving aijout the 25th of April.
It is just about as full of song as the
Red-ej'ed, from .some group of tall elms
along the street you hear it's liquid
notes in tones as sweet, that it would
seem as if the air melted in them, the
very soul of tenderness and ati'er,tions
is breathed out upon the ear. This
.song compared to that of the Red-eyed
is a much softer and more prolonged
warble.

The nest, which is usually built in a
maple, in the door-yard, or in an elm
along the sti^eet, is suspended in the
fork of small twigs at the extremity of
a branch and usually at the height of
from twenty to fifty feet from the
ground, however, it is not always at
that height, sometimes only a few feet
from the t'l'ound.

Mr. Rudolph M. Andei'son of Han-
cock Co., la., writes, 'T found a nest of
the Warbling Vireo suspended from a
low drooping limb of an ash tree, only
about five feet from the ground."

The 'nest is somewhat deeper and
more substantial than that of the Red-

eyed, but composed of about the same
material.

Tne eggs are four or live in number,
of a pure white color, sparingly dotted
ac the larger end with markings of
black and brown. The specimens
mensnre Hbout .75x.56.

Yellovy-throated Vireo, Vi7-co Jlavi-
frons. l^ot as common as the former
species, rather scarce in Henry county,
although it's brighter colors make it
more conspicuous than the Red-eyed
and Warbling.

Mr Anderson reports it "common in
Hancock county; June 18, 1891, I found
a nest of this species, which was sus-
pended from a small crotch about
twenty feet from the ground, and com-
posed of dried grass, cottony sub-
stances, thill pieces of b.irk, moss and
this nearly entirely cjvered over with
suuill pieces of newspaper, lined with
tiue strips of grape vine bark. The
nest contaiuetl four fresh eggs and one
egg of the Cowbird."

Mr. J. Eugene I^aw writes, "This
species is not uncommon at I^ake Mills,
Winnebago county. This spring, 1893,
found one nest which was deserted
when two Cowbird's eggs were laid in
it."

Mr. H.M. Savage of Van Buren coun-
ty found a pair of Yellow-throated
Vireo's building their nest in June^
1892, the nest was completed, but be-
fore all the eggs were laid a Blue Jay
was rascal enough to destroy the eggs
and tear the nest to pieces. It was
placed in a hickory, thirty feet from
the ground and composed of much the
same material as the Red-eyed except
there was a good deal of moss and
newspaper about it.

The eggs are four in number, and are
easily distinguished from other Vireo's
by having the ground color of a roseate
tinge ami the spots of dark brown
much more over the entire egg. Spec-
imens measured aI)out .8.jx.G5.

The song of this species is much like

216

TliK OOJ.OG.S'l'

the Red-ej'ed, although not near so
finely moaulated and I'athei* shrill, it
resembles the words, weeeo, weeco-ee,
wee-ree, etc.

This bird is easily distinguished from
the former species, by tho yellow on
the breast and also by being a shade
larger.

It departs for the south by the mid-
dle of September.

David L. Savage,

Salem, la.

A Little Advice.

To those who are interested in Ool-
<og3' and are desirous of making a col-
lection of eggs may find the following
helpful to them.

First, in making a collection of eggs
it is of the utmost importance that each
and every specimen should be fully
identified. The only sure way to do
this is to secure the old bird at the
same time, unless the collector is thor-
oughly familiar with the breeding hab-
its and eggs of the specimen in
question. As Capt. Bendire says: "A
small, thoroughly identified, well pre-
pai'ed and neatly cared for collection,
even if only a local one, is worth far
more scientifically and in every other
way than a more extensive one ob-
tained by exchange or purchase."

The majoritj' of collectors have a
printed label data which they always
keep with the egg. All eggs should
have as much dirt removed from them
as possible before blowing as it is then
easier to get off.

Eggs should be blown through one
small hole drilled in the side, forcing
the contents out by blowing into the
hole with a blowpipe. Do not hold the
egg too tightly between the fingers or as
Mr. Davie says, "you will learn that a
thing of beauty is not always a joy
forever."

In blowing small eggs you will find
an egg holder handy. It is made by

taking a piec-^ of wire about seven
inches long and bending both ends into
the shape of circular loops. Again
bend jour wii-e in the center so that
the loops face each other, and the hold-
er is finished.

Do not try to blow eggs while in the
field if you can possibly help it,
as you do not have the facilities there
that vou do at home or in camp, and
then again you are apt to be in a hurry
and break your eggs; but pack them up
neatly in small boxes fitted with small
apartments, lined with cotton or moss.

You should always have a notebook
with you in which j'ou should put down
everything of interest pertaining to the
eggs collected.

Many valuable specimens are lost on
account of improper packing, when be-
ing sent by mail or express. Eggs
should never be sent in anything but
tin or wooden boxes which should be
lined with cotton. Then each egg
should be securely wrapped in cotton
and placed sn ugly in rows and layers
in the box.

In marking eggs permanently it is
well to put the date, A. O. U. No. and
number of eggs in set, on the shel](near
the drill hole) with a soft lead penci 1.

Egg collections are as a rule kept in
the drawers of a cabinet, which are
partitioned ofY into different compart-
ments partly filled with fine sawdust or
sheet cotton. It is well to scatter cam-
phor gum through the drawers as a
preventative of insects.

The above is meant for the true lover
of nature and not for the ordinary so-
called collector, who delights in mass-
ing together large numbers of eggs and
the slaughtering of our beautiful song-
sters and "screening their fiendish acts
under the gauzy lace of Science.^''

Kellog Durland,
Dorchester, Mass.

Mr. Francis Cope Jr., of German-
town, Pa., writes as follows: "The
back numbers of the Oologist, which I
ordered of you on the 13th inst., have
arrived safely and I am highly pleased
with same; in fact I consider them al-
most invahiable to the ornithologist and
oologist."

I'HK OOLOGIST.

217

The Oologist,

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to

OOLOGY AND ORNITHOLOGY.

F. H. LATTIN, & CO., Publishers.
ALBION, N. Y.

FRANK H. LATTIN, WALTER F. WEBB,
Editors.

Correspondence and items of Interest to tae
student of Birds, their Nests and Eggs, solicited
from all.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

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when presented vrith an order of $1.25 or over.

Subscriptions can begin with any number.
Back numbers of the Oologist can be furnish
ed at reasonable rates. Send stamp for descrip-
tions and prices.

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per stopped, and all arrearages must be paid.

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the month as possible.

tUTEIED AT THE POST C^FICE AT ALCiOf*, N. v., As SECONb-CLAS- MArfEft.

Eenslow's Sparrow in Michigan-

Please record in the columns of the
Oologist, the taking of Ainmodramus
henslowii. Henslovv's Spavrow in
southeastern Jackson county, Michi-
gan, on May 12, 1894. A flock of sev-
en observed and one male secured.

Dr. R. H. Wolcott and L. Whitney
Watkins were with me at the time.
This bird was included in my list of
Michigan birds of 1881, and has been

very much doubted by certain would
be Ornithologists, and it gives me great
pleasure to secure the specimen. More
could have been taken if we had so
wished, but we preferred to leave the
rest in hopes of their nesting there.
We will return on May 30th for a three
days outing. Shall take my setter dog
"Partner," trained to find ground nest-
ers and diligent search will be made to
tind their nests.

Adolph B. Covert.

Mr. Henry K. Coale, the Assistant
Ornithologist of the Field Columbian
Museum, Jackson Park.Chicago, writes:
"I Mill be pleased to receive for exam-
ination specimens of Dejidroica ccstiva,
Yellow Warbler, from all parts of the
country and will return same promptly
giving credit for notes made, etc."

Never in the history of American Or-
nithology has more good systematic
work from an intelligent basis been in
progress than at the present time.
This is especially noticeable, and we
might add more highly commendable,
among our younger ornithologists. Of
late nearly evei-y issue of the Oologist
contains one or more calls or notices
in reference to State or District organ-
ization in order that the work may be
furthered more nnderstandingly.

in this month's Oologist we print
the complete list of North American
Birds as revised to date— the first list,
we believe, incorporating the '94
changes and additions, published— we
also give as far as possible the value of
the skins of each species as far as a.
combination of data in hand and our
knowledge on the subject will permit.

We are well aware that, undoubtedly,
many species have been erroneously
priced — either too high or too low and
as we desire to make this list the recog-
nized standard by all American Orni-
thologists—we most earnestly invite

218

THEOOU^GJST.

suggestious and eonectious iu relation
to typogi'aphical errors as well as to
valuation.

The con eel ed list will lie stereotyped
on July 1st hence the importance of
muilicg your suggestions not later than
June 20th.

We have received from Prof. T. D.
Rir^hardson, Instructor of Natural
Sciences in the Washington High School
of Jack?on\ilU', Ills., a copy of his
"Model Herbarinm and Plant Record."
We have given our copy a most careful
examination and unhesitatingly pro-
nounce it ihe best tiling of its kind liiat
has ever been brought to our notice.
Below we enumerate a few of the An
thor's claims of merit for the work, all
of which we most heartily endorse, and
would further advise all of our i-eaders,
having botanical inclinations, to send
him $1 for a copy:

1. The size Is 8x11 inches. This is lai'ge
enough for the purposes of the ordinary col-
lector and not so large as to be cumbersome.

2. The binding is such as to allow the book
to spread when tilled with plants and not in-
jure it in the least.

3. The descriptions occupy the pige oppo-
site the plant and a turning of leaves is not nec-
essary when the plant and description are com-
pared.

4. The paper used in these books is very-
heavy and of good quality and makes an excel-
lent iierbarium paper.

5. The best methods of collecting, pressing
and mounting plants are presented in a simple
and concise manner.

6. The Key to the Terms Used in Descrip-
tions contains all the terms and spaces for il-
lustrating each by a written definition and a
drawing. Experience has sliown that this is
an excellent method for fixing the terms and
their meanings iu the mind of the pupil. No
other Herbarium has this arrangement.

The Model Herb.^kium has grown to its
present form with the needs of the Author's
classes and is now otfered with the confident
belief that it has a place in the botanical work
in schools that has not been tilled by any of the
numerous Herbariums, Plant Records and
Aualj'ses that have been published.

You Are a Judge.

Your decision must be mailed us not
later than the first daj' of July.
Write on back of a postal card the five
articles which you have decided to be
the most valuable, instructive and inter-
esting in this number of Oologist and
mail to us. Number the articles in the
order which you think the prizes should
be awarded.

We give our Judges five prizes hav-
ing an aggregate value of over $5, one
to each of the five whose decisions are
nearest the final award of Mss. prizes.

BIRD SKINS!

LOW RATES for JUNE ONLY

Prices are for A 1 Specimens.

Order quick. If you don't see what
you want write for it. We have a big
lot, as per large list in this issue.

American ("loot $ 60

California Quail 60

Gambel's Quail i 00

Scaled Quail 75

Large Hawks, several species 1 60

Redbreast Merganser 1 00

Mallard 1 OO

Black Mallard 1 25

Baldpate 1 25

Green-wing Teal 1 00

Blue wing Teal 7,5

Shoveller . . 1 oo

Pintail 1 25

Red head 1 50

Amei'ican Scaup 1 25

Lesser Scaup 1 25

American Goldeneye i 10

Old Squaw 1 05

Kider 1 50

Ruddy Duck 1 qO

Fulvous Tree Duck , 1 25

Evening Grosbeak 60

Prairie Horned Lark 30

A senes of seventy-five specimens of above
will sell cheap. Dltfereut localities.

Blue Jay 25

Steller's Jaj^ 1 05

Screech Owl 75

Royal Tern , 1 qq

Man O'VV'ar. young in Down 1 00

Great Blue Heron 2 00

Greater Yellow Legs 75

W hite-throat Sparrow 20

Snowtlake 25

About 50 large and small skins, defec-
tive in some, way, occasionally broken
neck, etc., our selection, 15 cents each.

These are worth double this amount
for study.

New lot of mammal skins just in.

Fine Armadillo, $7.50.

Large Lizard skins, three feet, $3.00

Mountain Lion skin, fair, $8.00.

Ocelot skins, tine for rugs, $4 00
small, $2.50.

We are receiving new lots of skins
daily and would be. pleased to hear
from all Collectors and Taxidermists
who wish to purchase good material at
prices that conform to the existing
hard times.

F. H. LATTIN & CO.,

ALBION, N. Y.

THE OOLOGIST.

219

BIRD SKINS.

With a complete list of the Birds of North America, arranged according to the A.O.U.Check List.

TERMS.— Orders under $1.00 for sUins which do not exceed eight inches in length, must be
accompanied by five (5) cents to cover postage. Large orders for the same size will be sent
postpild. Large specimens will be sent by express; if wanted by mall, postage must be added.
Skins sent by mail will be carefully packed, but no risk will be taken.

The prices quoted are for the poorest and best specimens. Specimens of intermediate
grades at proportionate prices .

The numbers in the first column correspond to the A. O. U. Check List. Those in the second
column to Ridgway"s Nomenclature of North American Birds.

1

729

Western Grebe

...11 25 $3 00

73 689

Aleutian Tern

200

300

2

731

Holboell's Grebe

1 50

2.50

74 690

Least Tern

60

1 80

;^

732 Horned vJi-ebe

733a American Eared Grebe

75
... 100

1 50
1 50

75 691
[76] 692

Sooty Tern

125
2 00

250

4

Bridled Tern

3(X)

r>

734

St. Domingo Grebe

... 50

100

77 693

Black Tern

50

1 0()

6

73i

Pied-billed Grebe

50

1 00

[78] 694

White- winged Black Tern..

1.50

200

7

736

Loon

3 00

4U0

T9 695

Noddy

200

3(X)

H

737

Yellow-billed Loon

K) 656

Black Skimmer

.50

1 IK)

9

738

Black-throated Loon

..4 00

7 00

81 700

Black-footed Albatross

. 600

800

10

739

Pacific Loon

. 4 00

60O

83 701

Short-tailed Albatross

600

800

11

740

Red-throated Loon

.. 1 50

300

[83] 703

Yellow-nosed Albatross...

800

10 00

12

745

Tufted Puffin

1 50

3.50

84 703

Sooty Albatross

800

1000

13

743

Puffin

. 125

2 00

[85] 704

Giant Fulmar

8 00 10 00

13a

743a Large-billed Puftln

86 705

Fulmar

300

450

14

744

Horned Puffin

... 3 50

4 50

86a

Lesser Fulmar

15

746

Rhinocei'os Auklet

86b 705a Pacific Fulmar

16

751

Cassin's Auklet

300

500

86c 705b Rodger's Fulmar

17

747

Paroquet Auklet

3 00

500

87 706

Slender-billed Fulmar

800

10 00

IK

748

Crested Auklet

3.50

4 50

88

Cory's Shearwater

Greater Shearwater

300

5 00

19

749

Whiskered Auklet

. 3U0

4.50

89 709

150

•>50

Vf)

750

Least Auklet

..2 50

4,50

[90] 711

Manx Shearwater

2 50

300

9.]-

753
759

Ancient Murrelet

.. 3 00

500

91 710
93 713

Pink-footed Shearwater

Audubon's Shearwater

3 0O

4 00

33

755

Marbled Murrelet

... 3 25

400

93 713

Black-vented Shearwater...

'^4

756

Kittlitz's Murrelet

94 714

Sooty Shearwater

300

400

8-1

757

Xantus's Murrelet

95 715

Dark-bodied Shearwater

36

758

Craveri's Murrelet

96 716

Slender-billed Shearwater

37

760

Bl ick Guillemot

.... 100

300

[97] 707

Black-tailed Shearwater

•as

760
761

Mandt's Guillemot

Pigeon Guillemot

2 00
.. 150

350
200

[98] 717
[99]

Black-capped Petrel

29

Scaled Petrel

W)

76;^

Murre

.. 1100

2IKI

100

Fisher's Petrel

.SOa

763f
764a
764
743

I California Murre . .

150
. 100

150

200
300

300

[101] 718
[102] 719

103 720

104 731

Bulwer's Petrel

300

3 00
1 .50

31

Brunnich's Murre

Pallas's Murre

Pintado Petrel

5 00

.Sia

Least Petrel

500

32

Razor-billed Auk

Stormy Petrel

3 00

33

741
752
696

Great Auk

Dovekie

100
350

150

50n

105 726

106 723
106.1

Fork-tailed Petrel ... .

8.50
.. 100

400

34

Leach's Petrel

1 25

35

Skua

Guadalupe Petrel

36

69
698

Pomarine Jaeger

Parasitic Jaeger

..2 00
125

3,50
2 00

107 724

108 725

Black Petrel

3 00

37

Ashy Petrel

.<! 00

38

699
657

Long-tailed Jaeger

.. 2 50
350

3 50
4.50

109 722
[1 10] 728
[111]
112 654

Wilson's Petrel

100

1 50

39

Ivory Gull

White-bellied Petrel

40

fi.^S

TCittiwake

75

1 50

White-faced Petrel

40a 658a PaciQc Kittiwake

... 1 25

3.50

Yellow-billed Tropic Bird

3.50

500

41

659

Red-legged Kittiwake

500

7.50

113 6.55

Red-billed Tropic Bird

3 50

5 0)

42

660

Glaucous Gull

...2 00

4 0U

[114] 651

Blue-faced Booby

4'',

L
661

Point Barrow Gull

Iceland Gull

...3 00

400

114.1
115 6.52

Blue-footed Booby

300

43

Booby

Brewster's Booby

500

44

662

Glaucous-winged Gull

200

300

115.1

45

Kumlien's Gull

[116] 653

Red-footed Booby

400

60O

46

663
664

Nelson's Gull

300

3 00

117 650

118 649

119 642

120 643

Gaunet

3 00
200
3 00

2 00

400

47

Great Black-backed Gull ..

Slaty-backed Gull

Western Gull

..3 00
. 2 00

Anhinga

3.50

48

Cormorant

3.50

49

3 00

fsoi

665

Siberian Gull

120a 643a Florida Cormorant

150

2.50

51

«fi«

1 50

300

12()b643b White-crfistAd nnrmnr ant

51a 666a American Herring Gull

150

200

12()C

Farallone Cormorant

■S?

667

Vega Gull

121 644

2 00

3 00

53

668

California Gull...

. 150

200

123 615

Brandt's Cormorant

1 75

3 .50

54

669

Ring-billed Gull

100

1.50

123

Pelagic Cormorant

55

670

Short-billed Gull

. 200

3 0U

12.3a 646

'Violet-green Cormorant

3 00

4 00

1561
57

671

Mew Gull

135

1 75

12.'ib 646a. Ralrd's DnrinnrMnt

2 0(J

3 50

672

Heermann's Gull

.. 3 50

5 00

134 647

Red-faced Cormorant

=>8

673

1 00

1 .50

135 640

4 00

6 00

59

674

Franklin's Gull

.. 100

1,50

136 641

Brown Pelican

3(K)

6()0

60

675

Bonaparte's Gull

75

150

187

California Brown Pelican...

..3 00

6 0IJ

60

676

Little Gull

Ross's Gull

128 6.39

129 636

Man-o'-War Bird

4 00
1 25

6 00

61

American Merganser

1 7.5

ef>

677

Sabine's Gull

. 400

5(KI

i;^) 637

Red-breasted Merganser

Hooded Merganser

1 00

1 .5(J

63

679

Gull-billed Tern

50

KKJ

131 638

100

2 00

64

680
681

Caspian Tern

1 35
.. 135

2U0
300

l.'« 601
i:« 602

Mallard

1 25
125

1 75

K,

Royal Tern

Black Duck

1 75

66

682

Elegant Tern

134 6()3

Florida Duck

1 50

3 50

67

6K3

Cabot's Tern

100

1 .50

i;i4a 602

Mottled Duck

200

3 00

f681

684

Trudeau'sTem

135 cm

Gadwall

125

3 00

69

685

Forster's Tern

75

1 00

\m 6()6

Widgeon

1 50

3(10

70

686

Common Tern ....;.

50

1 (XJ

\S7 607

Baldpate

1 50

3 00

71

687

Arctic Tern

75

1 00

[l.'^8]6n

European Teal

1 50

3 00

72

688

Roseate Tern

75

135

139 612

Green- winged aTeal

75

125

220

THE OOLOGIST.

140

141

143

143

144

[145]

146 618

610

608
605
613

Blue-winged Teal
Cinnamon Teal...

Shoveller

Pintail

Wood Duck

1 50
1 50
150
1 m
150

2 00
2 00
2 00
200
2 50

Rufous-crested Duck 3 00 3 75

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

IfU

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163 630

[164] 631

165 632

166 633

167 634
[168] 635

617
614
615
616
620
619
621
623
623
634
625
626

174 596
ri75] 597

176 598

177 599

178 600
[179]586
ISO """

Redhead

Canvas-back

American Scaup Duck

Lesser Scaup Duck

Ring-necked Duck

American Golden-eye

Barrow's Golden-eye

Buffle-head

Old-squaw

Harlequin Duck

Labrador Diick

Steller's Duck

Spectacled Eider

627 Northern Eider

627a American Eider

638 Pacific Elder

629 King Eider

American Scoter

Velvet Scoter

White-winged Scoter

Surf Scoter

Ruddy Duck

Masked Diick

169 591a Lesser Snow Goose

169a 591 Greater Snow Goose

169.1590 Blue Goose

170 592 Ross's Snow Goose

[171] 593 White-fronted Goose... .
171a 593a Amer. White-fronted Goose

172 594 Canada Goose

172a 594a Hutchin's Goose
172b 594c "White-cheeked Goose
172c 594b Cackling Goose

173 595 Brant

Black Brant

Barnacle Goose

Emperor Goose

181
182
183
1H4

589
585
505
501

[185] 502

186 503

187 504

188 500

Fulvous Tree-duck ...
Whooping Swan

Whistling Swan

Trumpeter Swan
American Flamingo
Roseate Spoonbill...

"White Ibis

Scarlet Ibis

Glossy Ibis

100
800
5(0
500
800
300
100
5 00
2 50

White-faced Glossy Ibis 2 50

200

191 498
191.1

192 486
193

194 487
[195] 488
196 489

"Wood Ibis

[189]499 Jabiru

190 497 American Bittern

Least Bittern

Cory's Least Bittern .

Great White Heron

Ward's Heron

Great Blue Heron

European Blue Heron

American Egret

Snowy Heron

Reddish Egret

Louisiana Heron

Little Blue Heron

Green Heron

Frazar's Green Heron

Black-crowned Night Heron 1 00
496 Yellow-crowned Night Heron 1 50
582 "Whooping Crane 8 00

Little Brown Crane 4 00

Sandhill Crane 4 00

Limpkin 2 00

King Rail 100

Belding's Rail

California Clapper Rail 1 00

Clapper Rail

490
491
492
493
494

197

198

199

300

301

201a

202 495

203

204

?05

206

207

308

209

210

311

100
50

10 00

3 00

200

300

300

200

. 150

50

50

40

2 50
200
200

2 00
1 75

1 75

3 25
150

2 00
300

600
12 OO
3,50
300
400
7 a)
2 25
2.50
2 50

2 25
1 50

400
400

4 00
600

3 50
3.50
350
3.50

4 50

300

4 00
3.50

15 00

1 75
175

10 00
700
800

15 00
700

2 00
800
350
3.50
400

1 .50
125

15 00

5 00
300
2.50
3.50
3.50

2 25
185
125

219 579 Florida Gallinule ... 40

[220] European Coot 100

221 .5802Amer:canCoot f 50

922 .563.tRedPhalarope 2 00

233 .564'>* Northern Phalarope 75

im .565 iiWilson's Phalarope |50

325 .566 American Avocet

336 .567 Black-necked Stilt

[337] .5M European Woodcock

228 .525 American Woodcock
[229] .526 European Snipe

2.30 .526a Wilson's Snipe

231 .527 Dowitcher

527a Long-billed Dowitcher...

.528 Stilt Sandpiper

Knot

Pixrple Sandpiper

Aleutian Sandpiper

Prybilof SandjDiper
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper 2 75

Pectoral Sandpiper 30

White-rumped Sandpiper .50

Baird's Sandpiper 60

Least Sandpiper 20

Long-toed Stint

Dunlin , 100

232

2,33

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

242.1

[243] ,5.39

.529
.530
.531

.582

5a3

534

536
537
538

100

roo

1-00
'.50
60
60
75
50
40

175

243a .539a Red-backed Sandpiper 35

244 .540 Curlew Sandpiper 100

[24,5] .=>42* Spoon-bill Sandpiper

246 .541 Semipalmated Sandpiper 25

247 .541a Western Sandpiper 75

248 542 Sanderling 35

349 543 Marbled Godwit 100

2.50- .544 Pacific Godwit 300

251 .545 Hudsonian Godwit 1 00

Black-tailed Godwit 125

Green-shank 1 25

Greater Yellow-legs t,75

Yellow-legs .50

Solita'y Sandpiper 25

Western Solitary Sandpiper 5o

Green Sandpiper 1 25

Wil'et 75

Western Willet 75

Wandering Tattler 1 ?0

Rufl 1 'db

Bai'tramian Sandpiper 50

[252]'546
[253] 547
2.>1 ,548

255 ,549

256 550
256a 5,50
[2.57] ,551
258 .5,52
258a .5,52
2.59 553
[260] 554

261 .555

262 .5.56

263 .5,57

264 558

265 ,5.59

266 560
r2'17].561
[268] 562
[269] 512
270 513

Buff-breas'.ed Sandpiper 50

Spotted Sandpiper..

Long-billed Curlew

Hudsonian Curlew

Eskimo Curlew...

Whimbrel

Bristle-thighed Ciirlew

Lapwing

Black-bellied Plover

[271]514 Golden Plover

272 .SIS Amerif-an Golden Plover.

.5^4
583
.581
569

570
571

211a 57la Louisiana Clapper Rail.
211c Caribbean Clapper Rail..

211.1 Scott's Rail

212 h7i "Virgrinia Rail

[213] .573 Spotted Crake

314 .574 Sora

315 .575 Yellow Rail

316 .576 Black Rail

316.1 .576a Farallone Rail

[317] 577 Corn Crake

218 578 Purple Gallinule

100
30

125
20

200

3!00

1 ,50
2.50
18 00
600
6 00
350
1 50

■^1 50
• llX)

;;i 50

1 50
60

1 60
40

3.50

5yx)

1 25
1 50

20
100
100
100
100

100

'75

1 25

7.'5

272a •'iloa Pacific Golden Plover 1 .50

273 516 Killdeer 30

274 517 Semipalmated Plover 25

275 518 Ring Plover 75

r276] 519 Little Ring Plover 1 00

277 520 Piping Plover 30

277a .520a Belted Piping Plover .'^O

278 521 Snowy Plover 75

[279] Mongolian Plover
280 522 Wilson's Plover...
2S1 .523 Mountain Plover

282 511 Surf Bird

283 509 Turnstone

284 510 Black Turnstone
[285] 506"'! Oyster-catcher

286 507^' American Oyster-catcher 1 00

286.1 Frazar's Oyster-catcher

287 508t Black Oyster-catcher....

[288] 568 ' Mexican Jacana

289 480 Bob-white

289a 480a Florida Bob-white

289b 480b Texan Bob-white

2S9c Cuban Bob-white

291 Masked Bob-white

292 481 Mountain Partridge

292a 481a Plumed Partridge

393b San Pedro Partridge 1

293 484 Scaled Partridge

293a Chestnutrbellied Scaled Part-
ridge "50

294 482 California Partridge ^50

234a Valley Partridge .50

295 483~Gambel's Partridge - I'OO

30

60

150

30

1 00

1 25

2 00

75

40

50

40

300

2 50

1 00

100

1 35-
100
3.50
150
75
1 2.5
150
150
1,50
195

100
100

1 25
100

60

2 50

3 50
50
75

100
30'

150

7.5-

150

40
100

75
150
450
1 75

1 50

2 00
lOO

75
75

1 00

2 0O
I m
1 .50
2.50
1.50

75
100

40
1 .50

1 50
200
1.50

150
200
200
200

2 50
50
40

ItO

125

50

1 00
200

50
100

2 50
100
1 ."^O
1 50
150

3 00
1 50
100
100

60
400
5 00
1 60
160

75 lOO

P75

100

75

150

THE OOLOGIST.

231

296 48-.,

^Massena Partridge

?Dusky Grouse

1 Sooty Grouse

2 BO

5 00

358 418 Richardson's Merlin

1 75

2 50

297 471

100
100

2 00
200

[3.5S.1] Merlin

125
3 50

1 75

29-a 47 li

;359 419 Aplomado Falcon

5 00

297t) 471b Richardson's Grouse

300

4(X)

3.59.1422 Kestrel

1 00

1 -^0

298 472

Canada Grouse

75

1 2.S

3oO 420 420a American Sparrow Hawk 25

60

299 472a Franklin's Grouse

1 00

2.50

360a 420 Desert Sparrow Hawk

50

75

300 473

Ruffed Grouse

75

1 25

360b 420 St. Lucas Sparrow Hawk...

303a

Canadian Ruffed Grouse

100

1-25

[361] 421 Cuban Sparrow Hawk

300b 473a Gray Ruffed Grouse

2 00

3,1 Kl

1 00

^50

300c 473b Oregon Ruffed Grouse

1 75

2 25

363 424 Guadalupe Caracara

301 4T4

Willow Ptarmigan

1 50

I'.o

364 425 Amei-ican Osprev . . .

200

3 00

301a

Allen's Ptamiigan

365 394 American Barn Owl . . .

3 00

3 00

302 475

Rock Ptarmigan

200

3 (HI

366 395 American Long-eared Owl

367 396 Short-eared Owl

50

1 25

302a

Reiuhardt's Ptarmigan

1 00

302b

Nelson's Ptarmigan

368 397 Barred Owl

50

1 00

302c

Turner'.'' Ptarmigan

368a 397a Florida Barred Owl

75

1 50

303

Welch's Ptarmigan

369 398 Spotted Owl

304 476

White-tailed Ptarmigan

200

3 00

370 399 Great Gray Owl

7 00

8 00

305 477

Prairie Hen . ..

. 1 00

1 25

[370a]399a Lapp Owl ... .
371 400 Richardson's Owl

:305a 477

Attwaters Prairie Hen ...

2 00

3 00

2 00

3 00

303 477

Heath Hen

10 00

15 00

372 401 Saw-whet Owl

60

1 00

307 4T7a

T-esser Prairie Hen

l-'iO

2 25

373 412 Screech Owl

.50

1 00

30S 478

Shai-p-tailed Grouse

100

125

373a 402a Florida Screech Owl

ion

1 25

308a 47da Columb. Sharp-tailed Grousel 00

1 5U

373b 402b Texan Screeh Owl

.50

1 00

308b

Prairie Sharp-taileci Grouse 2 00

3 00

373c California Screech Owl

1 00

1 50

309 479

Sase Grouse

1 50

300

373d 402d Kennicott's Screech Owl. . . .

1 25

2 00

310 470a Wild Tiirkev

600

SIHI

310a 470

Mexican Turkey

600

800

:373f 403 Mexicaa Screech Owl ... .

1 5(1

2 00

310b 470a Florida Wild Turkey

10 00

12 (10

373g Aiken's Screech Owl

310c 470

Rio Grande Turkey

8110

10 OJ

:373h 402 MacFarlane's Screech Owl

311 469

Chachalaca

50

1 00

31-2 45b

B.and-tailed Pigeon

125

150

:375 405 Great Horned Owl

2 00

3f0

312ci

Viosca's Pigeon

200

3 011

2 00

3 00

313 417

Red-billed Pigeon

. 75

1 25

375b 405b Arctic Horned Owl

6 00

15 00

314 458

White-crowned Pigeon

1 50

300

375c 405c Dusky Horned Owl

4 00

8 00

315 459

Passenger Pigeon

200

400

376 406 Snowy Owl ....

[;377J 407a Hawk Owl

4 00

6 00

316 460

Mourniag Dove

20

:-0

2.50

3 00

317 462

Zenatda Dove

200

3 5U

377a 407 American Hawk Owl

2 00

3 00

318 -im

White-fronted Dove

6J

125

378 408 Burrowing Owl

75

1 00

319 461

White-winged Dove

50

100

378a 40Sa Florida Burrowing Owl ...

2 00

400

320 465

Ground Dove

30

75

379 409 Pygmy Owl

379a 409 California Pygmy Owl ....

1 50

3 50

320a 465

Mexican Ground Dove

50

100

1 50

2.50

521 466

Inca Dove

. 75

1 50

379.1 Hoskin's Pygmy Owl

3,80 4in Ferruginous Pygmy Owl ....

8 CX) in no

[322] 467

Key West Quail-Dove

..3 00

500

100

2 00

3^3. 1

Ruddy Quail-Dove

381 411 Elf Owl

2 00

3 00

[323J 468

Blue-headed Quail Dove

382 392 Carolina Paroquet

2 50

5 00

324 453

California Vulture

[383]389 Ani

1 50

2 00

325 4 -.4

Turkey Vulture

. 200

'2 50

381 390 Groove-billed Ani

40

75

326 4 -.5

Black Vulture

2 00 4.2 50

385 385 Road-runner

.50

1 00

327 42fi

Swallow-tailed Kite

2 50

400

386 386 Mangrove Cuckoo . ..

1 50

2 50

328 427

White-tailed Kite

75

1 50

:386a 386 Maynard's Cuckoo

387 387 Yellow-billed Cuckoo ...

2 00

3 00

329 428

Mississippi Kite

2 50

-3 50

30

60

330 429

Everglade Kite

400

600

387a 387 California Cuckoo

50

75

331 4:30

Marsh Hawk

40

2 50

388 388 Black-billed Cuckoo

30

50

332 432

Sharp-shinned Hawk

. 40

75

[;389] 384 Coppery-tailed Trogon

2 00

5 00

3:33 431

Cooper's Hawk

40

100

390 382 Belted Kingflsher

25

50

334 4:3:3

American Goshawk

150

3 50

;391 383 Texan Kingfisher

75

1 25

334a 433a Western Goshawk

300

400

392 359 Ivory-billed Woodpecker

393 360 Hairy Woodpecker

7 00

15 00

335 4:«

Harris's Hawk

75

1 25

20

30

[336] 435

European Buzzard

1 50

200

393a ."^eoa Northern Hairy Woodpecker 20
393b 360 Southern Hairy Woodpecker 90

30

:3;37 436

Red-tAiled Hawk

76

i;50

30

337a 436a Krider's Hawk

:393c 360b Harris's Woodpecker....

50

75

337b 436b Western Red-tail

100

1 5(1

:393d .360b Cabanis's Woodpecker

40

75

337C 4:36c Saint Lucas Red-tail

394 361 Downy Woodpecker

15

25

a37d 4:38

Harlan's Hawk

300

5 00

:394a 361a Gairdner's Woodpecker

.30

45

339 439

Red-shouldered Hawk

100

1 75

394b Bachelder's Woodpecker. . . .

50

1 00

339a

FloridaRed-shouldered Hwk.l 00

1 75

395 362 Red-cockaded Woodpecker

40

.50

&39b 439ii, Red-bellied Hawk .

200

3 00

.396 363 Baird's Woodpecker ....
396a :363a Saint Lucas Woodpecker. . . .

20

50

340 440

Zone-tailed Hawk

2 00

4 0J

1 00

1 .50

341 441

SennetfsWhite-tailed Hawk 1 00

2 00

:397 364 Nuttall's Woodpecker....

1 00

1 50

342 442

Swainson's Hawk

1 00

150

,398 :365 Arizona Woodpecker

1 50

2 00

a43 443

Broad-winged Hawk

100

1 50

399 ;366 White-headed Woodpecker

1 (10

1 50

[344]

Short-tailed Hawk

'>^^

400 367 Arctic Three-toed Woodp'ker

50

75

345 444

Mexican Black Hawk

400

5 00

401 368 Am. Three-toed Woodpecker
401a Alaskan Three-toed W'dp'k'i

2 00

3 50

346 445

Mexican Goshawk

200

300

[347]

Rough-legged Hawk

1 50

2 00

401b 368a Alpine Three-toed Woodp'ke'"' so

3 00

»47a 447

Amer. Rough legged Hawk

1 (JO

2 00

402 369 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker....

20

40

348 448

Ferruginous Rough-leg

2(XJ

3 IX)

402a 369a Red-naped Sapsucker . . .

50

75

349 449

Golden Eagle

6 00

10 (X)

403 .369b Red-breasted Sapsucker,...

75

1 (Kl

[3501 450

Harpy Eagle

0 00

.2 00

404 370 Williamson's Sapsucker $1 00 $1 .50

[;351]452

Gray Sea Eagle

600

800

40.S :371 Pileated Woodpecker

40

1 00

352 451

Bald Eagle

. 300

800

40»S 375 Red-headed Woodpecker
407 377 Californian Woodpecker

25

40

a53 412

White Gyrfalcon

10 00

15 (K)

35

.50

354 412a

Gray Gyrfalcon

lOOOJliOT

407a 377a Narrow-fronted Woodpecker

80

1 35

a54a 412b Gyrfalcon

10 00

15 00

•108 376 Lewis's Woodpecker

1 00

a>4b 412c Black Gvrfalcon

10 00

15 (KJ

409 .372 Red-bellied Woodpecker

410 373 Golden-fronted Woodpecker

25

40

355 413

Prairie Falcon

100

2 00

85

40

.356 414

Duck Hawk

IGO

2(K1

411 374 Gila Woodpecker

75

1 00

356a 414a Peale's Falcon

412 378 Flicker

35

^

357 417

Pigeon Hawk

40

1 (K)

413 378b Red-shatted Flicker

40

.50

:357a 41Ta Black Merlin

200

350

413a Northwestern Flicker

.45

60

IHE OOLOGIST.

414 379

Gilded Flicker

90

150

47ra Florida Blue Jay

25

35

415 380

416 353

417 354

Giiadalnpe Flicker

Chuck-\yiirs-wido\v

Whip-poor-will

478 290 Steller'sJay

1 85

1 75

1 50

9ao

478a 293a Blue-fronted Jay

40

60

60

1 00

478b 290c Long-crested Jay

40

60

417a
418 355
418a 355

Stephen's Whip-poor-will

Poor-will

Frosted Poor-will

3 00

lOO

478c 390b Blaclc-headed Jay

40

60

1 50

9 '0

479 291 Florida Jay

35

50

150

2 00

480 293 Woodhouse's Jay

100

150

418b 355

Dusky Poor-will

1 50

2 00

481 293 California Jay

35

50

419 356

Merrill's Pai-auque

lUO

1 M

481 a 393 Xantus's Jay

420 357

Nighthawk

30

M

481b Belding'sJay

430a 357a

Western Nighthawk

30

50

4*^1. 1 Santa Cruz Jay

430c 357b Florida NlghthawU

90

12.T

483 295 Arizona Jay •

75

100

4il 358

Texan Nighthawk

30

oil

8^ 396 Green Jay

40

60

433 350

Black Swift

3 00

4 .')0

484 397 Cana.daJay

40

60

433 351

Chimney Swift

20

M

484a 297a Rocky Mountain Jay

75

1 0)

4-34 352

Vaux's Swift

150

HOO

4S4b 397b Alaskan Jav

100

2 00

435 349

White-throated Swift

1.50

2,50

484c Labrador Jay

100

150

43-i 334
4 7

Rivoli Hniumingbird

Blue-throated Hummingbird

1 75

300

485 398 Oregon Jay

1 25

2 00

175

300

486 280 American Rayen

300

3 00

4'28 335

Rubv-throated Hummingbird 50

1 00

486a 380 Northern Rayen

200

300

429 336

Black-chinned Hummingbird 7o

100

487 381 White-necked Rayen

200

300

429.1

Violet-throated Humming

488 283 American Crow

50

75

4S8a 383a Florida Crow

50

100

430 337

Costa's Hummingbird

50

100

,489 383b Northwest Crow

100

125

431 338
431.1

Anna's Hummingbird
Floresi's Hummingbird

50

490 2S3 Fi>h Cr<?w

.50

100

491 2&4 Clarke's Nutcracker

100

150

433 339
433 340

Broad-tailed Hummingbird
Rufous Hummingbird

1 25

493 285 Pinon Jay

75

1 00

. 50

75

|493]279 Starling

35

50

434 341

Allen's Hummingbird

50

75

494 257 Bobolink

. 15

30

436 343

437 344

Calliope Hummingbird

Lucifer Hummingbird

1 25

494a Western Bobolink

30

50

100

1.50

495 2';8 Cowbird

15

25

438 345

Reiffer' s Hummingbird

100

150

495a 2.58a Dwarf Cowbird

20

35

439 346

Buff-bellied Hummingbird

50

1 00

496 2,59 Red-eyed Cowbird

. 40

50

440 347

Xantus's Hummingbird

300

3 00

497 360 Yellow-headed Blackbird

25

40

441 348

Broad billed Hummingbird

100

IcO

498 2H Red-winged Blackbird

15

25

498a 361 Sonoran Red-wing

.50

1 (H)

[443] 302

Fork-tailed Flycatcher

ICO

150

498b 261 Bahaman Red-wing

7.5

lOO

443 301

Scissor-tailed Flycatcher

40

60

499 361a Bicolored Blackbird

30

45

444 304

Kingbird

15

30

,500 263 Tricolored Blackbird

30

50

445 303

446 305

Gray Kingbird

Couch's Kingbird

. 40

50

.501 263 Meadowlark

30

m

5»

75

501 a 363a Mexican Meadowlark

50

75

447 306

Arkansas Kingbird

30

45

501b 264 Western Meadowlark

25

40

448 307

35

M

[,503]365 Troupial

100

2(H)

449 308

175

3 00

,503 366 Audubon's Oriole

41

60

[450] 309

Giraud's Flycatcher

100

1 25

,504 268 Scott's Oriole

100

150

451 310

Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher

175

3 00

,505 369 Hooded Oriole

30

50

453 313

Crested Flycatcher

15

:^o

50.5a Arizona Hooded Oriole

40

60

453 311

Mexican Crested Flycatcher

15

30

.506 270 Orchard Oriole

20

30

453a

Arizona Crested Flycatcher

100

13o

.507 271 Baltimore Oriole

20

50

45' 313

Ash-throated Flycatcher

25

40

,508 273 Bullock's Oriole

20

bO

454a 313

Nutting's Flycatcher

509 273 Rusty Blackbird

.. 20

40

[455]314

Lawrence's Flvcatcher ...

1 50

2 00

5'0 274 Brewei-'s Blackbird

20

40

455a

Oliyaceous Flycatcher

100

1,50

511 278 Purple Grackle

20

40

456 315

Phoebe . .

15
25

25
.35

51la 378a Florida Grackle

511b 378b Bi'onzed Grackle

20
20

40

457 316

Say's Phoebe

40

458 317

BlackPhoebe

30

50

513 375 Great-tailed Grackle

40

60

459 318
46) 319

Oliye-sided Flycatcher.. ..
Coues's Flycatcher

50

70

513 277 Boat-tailed Grackle

30

50

100

2 CO

511 165 Evening Grosbeak

60

lOO

461 320

Wood Pewee

15

25

514a 165 Western Eyening Grosbeak

. 100

IbO

463 331
463a

20

30

515 165 Pine Grosbeak . .

20

75

Large-billed Wood Pewee

[516] 167 Cassin's Bullfinch

463 333

Yellow-bellied Flycatcher

25

35

517 168 Purple Finch

15

23

464 323

Western Flycatcher

35

35

517a I68a California Purple Finch

25

40

464.1

St. Lucas Flycatcher

2 00

400

51S 169 Cassin's Purple Finch

25

40

465 33'

Acadian Flycatcher

25

35

519 170 House Finch

25

40

4-i6 335

Little Flycatcher

75

125

519b 170a St. Lucas House Finch

25

40

466a 335a Traill's Flycatcher

25

35

,5-30 .71 Guadalupe House Finch

467 326

468 337

15

25

'21 173 American Crossbill

15

3n

Hammond's Flycatcher

.50

75

.531a 173a Mexican Crossbill

50

75

469 338

Wright's Flycatcher

30

40

533 173 White-winged Crossbill

25

60

469.1

Gray Flycatcher

,533 174 Aleutian Leucosticte

1 25

2 00

[47>]329

Fulyous Flycatcher ... ..

,534 175 Gray-crowned Leucosticte..

75

100

470a 339a Buff-breasted Flycatcher

1 75

2.50

,534a 17,5a Hepburn's Leucosticte _

75

12,5

471 AH)

Vermilion Flycatcher

40

60

,525 176 Black Leucosticte

350

5 00

473 331

Beardless Flycatcher

2 00

3(X)

536 177 Brown-capped Leucosticte

75

110

472a

Ridgway'saFlycatcher

200

300

,537 178 Greenland Redpoll

175

250

[473] 299

Skylark

.50

60

537a 178a Hoary Redpoll

175

250

474 300

Horned Lark

25

40

.528 179 Redpoll

15

25

474a 3U0a Pallid Horned Lark

30

.50

528a 179a Holboell's Redpoll

:.25

200

474 b

Prairie Horned Lark

30

,50

,538b 179a Greater Redpoll

. 75

io;>

474c

25

40

5'^ 181 American Goldfinch .. .

10

25

474d

Texan Horned Lark

30

.50

,529a 181 Western Goldfinch . . .

474e 300b Mexican Horned Lark

.30

50

,5.';0 1.82 Arkansas Goldfinch

25

3.->

474f

Ruddy Homed Lark

,3-)

.50

5.30a 183a Arizona Goldfinch

. 30

40

474g

Streaked Horned Lark

30

,5U

,5,30b 182b Mexican Goldfinch

100

IbO

474 h

Scorched Horned Lark...

,531 183 Lawrence's Goldfinch

.. 40

.50

474i

Dusky Horned Lark

[,533] 184 Black-headed Goldfinch

75

125

474j
475 286

,53.=? 185 Pine Siskin

15

25

American Magpie

40

75

534 186 Snowflake

25

35

476 S87

Yellow-billed Magpie

Blue Jay

50

1 00

,534a 186 Prybilof Snowflake

50

V.S

477 289

30

30

,5a5 McKay's Snowflake

8 00 10 00

nil: oOLoiJisi'

5-16

1S7

oiT

1><8

53 X

IHi)

530

19()

540

197

Lap'and Longspur 20

Sm th's Long.spiiv 30

Chestnut collared Lougspur 20

McCovTO's l-iongspur 25

Vesper Sparrow is

540a 197a Western Vesper Sjiarrow 2.-)

5-lOb I97a Oi'egon Vesper Sparrow . 25

541 19i Ipswich SpaiTow 25

54' 19.'? Sandwich Sparrow 100

543a 19.Sa Savanna Sparrow 1-5

F42b 193b Western Savanna Sparrow 20

542c 194 Bryants Marsh Sparrow ... f.O-

543 194 Beldiug's Marsh bparrow 1 uo

544 196 Lai'ge-billed Sparrow ... 1 50
544a 195 St. Lucas Sparrow 1 00

545 191 Baird's Sparrow 75

546 198 Grasshopper Spnrrow 20

54tia i9Sa West. Gr.'tsshopper Sparrow 20

547 199 Heuslow's Sparrow. '.... 60
547a 199 West. Henslow's Sparrow

548 200 Leconte's Sparrow -lO

549 201 Sharp-tailed Sparrow 35

549a 201 a Nelson's Sparrow 40

549b 201 AcadianSharp-tailedSparrow 25

550 20J Seaside Spari-ow .. 30

5.T0a203 Scotfs Seaside Sparrow . ] 0.1

550b203 Texiis Seasid-i Sparrow .. 1 .50

.551 203 Dusliv Seaside Sparrow ... 1 00

.5.53 204 Larlj Sparrow 35

.55 a 204a Western Lark Sparrow 20

553 205 Harris's Sparrow ■ Jij

554 20(3 Wliite-crowned Sparrow . i?i»

.5.54a 207a Intermediate Sparrow 20

.5.>4b '207 Gambel's Sparrow 20

.557 '^08 Golden-crowned Spairow .'lit

5.58 '209 White-throated Sparrow .... 1.')

.559 210 Tree Sparrow 15

559a 210 Western Tree Sparrow .... 25

5H0 .ill Chippinst Sparrow . .. . if)

5'Oa 211a Western Chipping Sparrow 20

.561 21 i Clay-colored Sparrow 20

Brewer's Spari'ow r .. '30

Field Sparrow lo

Western Field Sparrow .50

.56'i 213

.563 214
563 a
564

.o65 215

5 6 216

567 317

Worthen's Sparrow
Black-chinned Sparrow.

White-winged Jiinco

Sl3te-colort-d Jitnco

.567a 218 Oregon Jnnco

567b 218 Shufeldfs,lnnc,o

567e 318 Thurber's Junco

567d Point Pinos Junco

587e 217 Carolina Junno ....

568 319 Pink-sided Junco

568.1 Ridgway's Junco

569 220 Gray-headed Junco

570 323 Arizona Junco

5~0a32l Red-backed Junco

571 Baird's Jimco

571.1 Townsend's Junco

572 2-23 Guadalupe Junco

.573 234 Black ttiroated Sparrow

.574 325 Bell's Sparrow

.574a 325a Sage Sparro w

■574b Gray Sage Sparrow

.575 226 Pine-woods Sparrow

57.5a S26a Bachnian's Sparrow

576 227 Arizona Sparrow

.577 Mexican Sparrow..:...

578 328 Cassin's Sparrow

579 229 Rufotis-winged Sparrow

580 330 Rufous-crowned Sparrow

58 a 330a Boucard's Sparrow

•580b Rock Sparrow

581 231 Song Sparrow

.58la 23la Desert Song Sparrow
58lb2'la Mountain '^ong Sparrow
58lc 231bHeerinann's Song Sparrow

•581d231c Samuels Song Sparrow

'■'81e 231d Rusty S(tng Sparrow

•'58U 231e .Sooty Song Sparrow

•■iSlg Brown's .Song Span-ow

5'<lli .Santa Barbara Song Sparr.

58li San Cleniente Song .sparr.

582 232 Aleutian Song Sparrow
•"iAS 234 Lincoln's Sparrow
•';83a 2.34 Forbush's Sparrow
5i>4 2.33 Swamp Sparrow

58.T 231 Fox Sparrow

i^SBa 2.3.5a Townsend's Sparrow
585b 23ob Thick-billed Sparrow

1
1 00

1 fo

2.5

20

40
60

3 a)

20

20
15
25
35

50

50

40

40

25

30

30

50

2 00

2.1

30

1 00

1 .50

2.50

150

100

30

35

35
60
35
40
125

2eo

125
40
30
.50
35
35
35
50
2.T

ri9.5 244
596 245
.'^97 • 46
597a 246
.'iOH 248

2 05
200

1 00

50

60

60

60

300

.50

.50

1 00

100
1 00
1 00
150

75 100

50 75

75 100

75 1 U)

15 25

i;5 .35

8.1

SO

50

1 00

500
30

'.''0
25
40

50

•"iS.'ic 235c Plate-colored Sparrow

.'^86 236 Texas Sparrow

.■187 237 Towhee

.'^87a 2S7a White-eyed Towhee

.588 v3S Arctic Towhee .,

r8,«a '238a Spurred Towhee

■ 8Sb 238b Oregon Towhee
."■189 2iSc Guadalupe Towhee
.^.o 239 Green-ta le I Towhee
591 240 Canon Towhee
.'«9!a '240a St. Lucas Towhee
■iHlb 240bCaliforuian Towhee
59' '241 Abert's ToAhee
.593 24'2 Cardinal . ..
•''93a 2421 Arizona Cardinal
•"'9.3b 242a St. Lucas Cardinal

.5930 242 Gray-tailed Cardinal

.■^94 243 Texan Cardinal

.'>94a 243 Arizona Pyrrhuloxla

.594b 243 St. Lucas Pyrrhuloxla ....

R<ise breasted Grosbeak

Black-headed Grosbeak

Hlue Grosbeak

Westei-'i blue Grosbeak

Indigo Bunting
fiM) '249 Lazuli Bunting

600 2.50 Varied Bunting
600a'2.'iO Beautiful Bunting

601 2.M Painted HuMting
(502 2.12 Sharpe's Seed-eater
603 2 3 C-Jrassquit

[603 11 Melodious Grassciuit
601 251 Dicl^cissel
601 21*^ Lark Bunting

606 iro Bln»^-headed Euphonia

607 li 2 Louisiana Tanager

Gray's Tanager

Scarlet Tanager

Heparic Tanager

Summer Tanager

610a I6ia Cooper's Tanager

611 1.52 PLiri)l.< Mariiu^

611a 112 Western Martin

611.1 M^aCuban Martin

612 113 Cliff Swallow

Cuban Cliff Swallow

Barn Swallow

Tree Swallow

Violet-Green Swallow

Baliaman Swallow

Bank Swallow

Rough-winged Swallow

MO Bohemian 'Waxwlng

151 Cedar Waxwing

26 Phainop-^pla

148 Northern Shrike

149 Locrgerhead Shrike

622a 149a White-rumped Shrike
622b 149a California shrike

623 1 7 Black-whiskered Vireo

624 135 Red -eyed Vireo. .
621 136 Yellow-green Vireo

138 Philadelphia Vireo

139 139a Warbling Vireo

140 Yellow- throated Vireo

141 Blue-headed Vireo

629a 141a Cassin's Vireo. . .

6'29b 141b Plumbeous Vireo. . . .

629c 141 Mountain Solitary Vireo

630 142 Black-capped Vireo

631 143 White-eyed Vireo

631a Key West Vireo

632 1*4 Button's Vireo
Stephen's Vireo ..

Bell's Vireo . .

Least Vireo

Gray Vireo ...

Bahama Honev Preeper

74 74a Black and White Warbler
7:1 Prothonotary Wurbler..

76 Swaiuson's Wirbler

Worm-eating Warbler

Bachman's Warbler

Blue-winged Warbler. . .

Golden-winged Warbler

Lucy's Warbler ....

Virginia's Warbler

Nashville Warbler

Calav-ras Warbler

Orange-crowned Warbler. . .

1 m 2 00'

30 50

[t)07.]]

608 p;i

609 163
6l'0 164

[ol'2.1]

613 I.M

614 111
61.1 1.16
[6 '5.1 1

616
617
618
619
fi20
621
622

626
627
628
629

117
1.-8

6:«a

633 141
633a 146

634 147

64.1a

646

646a

1.19

78
79
81
S3
84
8.1
85
86

M
a)
30
30
SO

25
40
40
40
40

30 4f)

30 40

100 200

SO 40

7.1 12>

21 35

40 61

60 100

50 75

40 50

40 00

60 100

'20 4.1

a* 50

7o 1 .-iO

2 00 3 00

40 bO

40 60

7.-1 1 00

15 30

21 40

1 00 1 2.1

25 75

'20 60

1 00 1 50

40 60

1 00 1 ;10

40

60

1 2.1

30

15 30
1.1 ;-o
40 60

2.5
:0

1 25
25
90
50
40
30
30
75
35

13.5
60
2.5
30

60
.10
50
lOO
30

1 00 1 50
50 60
.50 75
Sry 50
75 1 00
7.1 1 00

1 a) 3'o
20 3.1

.■^0 75

1 .50 2 .50
60 y 75

2 00 3 00
60 75

b6a Lutescent Warblei .

40

1 2.1

175

20

20

50
40

60

1 50

2 60
30
35
(0
60

224

THE OULOGISr.

646b

647

648

643

650

631

652

65'2a

653

6fA

655

656

657

658

659

660

661

66-2

663

Dusky Warbler

87 Tennessee Warbler

><8 Parula Warbler

89a Sennetf B Warbler.

665
666
667
668
669
6-0
671
67'3

10.-,
106
107
108
109
110
111
113

677

119

678

118

679

120

6,S0

121

681

122

681a

v^2

681b

122

682

68'2.

683

1^3

90 Cape May Warbler

92 Olive Warbler

93 Yellow Warbler

93 Sonora Yellow Warbler.

Mangrove Warbler

Black-throated Blue Warbler

Myrtle Warbler

Audubon's Warbler

M 1 g-nolia Warbler

Cerulean Warbler . .
Chestnut-sided Warbler. .
ICK) Baj'-breasted Warbler. . . .

101 Black-poll Warbler....

102 Blackburnian Warbler ....

103 Yellow-throated Warbler.

66 <a 103a Sycamore Warbler

664 104 Grace's Warbler

Black-throated Gray Warbler
Golden-cheeked Warbler.
Bl'k-throated Green Warbler
Townsend's Warbler —
Hermit Warbler —
Kirtland's Warbler . . .

Pine Warbler

Palm Warbler

672a 113a Yellow Palm Warbler . . .

673 1 14 Prairie Warbler

674 1 1 ■' Ovenbird

67o 1 16 Water-Thrush

675a 116a Grinnell's Water-Thrush. .
676 117 Louisiana Water-Thrush..

Kentucky Warbler

Connecticut Warbler

Mourning Warbler

Macgillivray's Warbler —
Maryland Yellow-throat .
Western Yellow-throat. . . .
Florida Yellow-throat —
Belding's Yellow-throat. . .
Mirador Yellow-throat —

Yellow-breasted Chat

683a 123a Long-tailed Chac

684 V-H Hooded Warbler

685 125 Wilson's Warbler —

6aia 125a Pileolated Warbler

e% 127 Canadian Warbler

American Redstart

Painted Redstart

Red-bellied Redstart
Red-faced Warbler . . .

Red Warbler

Brasher" s Warbler

Bell's Warbler

Whit e Wagtail —
Swinhoe's Wagtail

70 Siberian Yellow Wagtail

71 American Pipit

72 Meadow Pipit

Red-throated Pipit

73 Sprague's Pipit

19 American Dipper

10 Sage Thrasher

1 1 Mockingbird

12 Catbird

13 Brown Thrasher ...

706 13a Sennett's Thrasher ....

707 1 5 Curve-billed Thrasher

7t)7a 15a Palmer's Thrasher —

708 14a Bendire's Thrasher

709 14 St. Lucas Thrasher

710 16 California Thrasher —

711 16a Leconte's Thrasher

712 17 Crissal Thrasher

713 -W Cactus Wren ....

714 57 St. Lucas Cactus Wren ...

715 58 Rock Wren

716 58a Guadalupe Rock Wren...
[717] 59 White-throated Wren....

717a 59a Canon Wren

717b 59 Dotted Canon Wren

7 IS 60 Carolina Wren...

718a 60b Florida Wren

718b 60 Lomita Wren

719 61 Bewick's Wren

719a 61a Vigor's Wren . . .

719b 61b Baird's Wren

780 68 Guadalupe Wren

687 1-28

688 129
[689] 130
690 131
[691] 132
[692] 133
r693] 134
[694] 69
[695]

696 70

697 71
[698]
[699]
700
701
702
703
704
705

721

C-i

House Wren

3'1

30

50

100

721a

63 a

Parkman's Wren

25

35

15

25

721b

63a Western House Wren

25

35

PO

75

722

65

Winter Wren

80

40

50

125

73ea

65a We.stern Winter Wren

40

50

175

2 50

723

66

Alaskan Wren

300

3 00

20

a)

724

68

Short- billed Marsh Wren....

61

75

:^0

50

725

67

Long-hilled Mar.sh Wren ...

80

35

500

800

725a

67a

Tule Wren

30

40

20

35

725c

Worthington's Marsh Wren

10

25

725.1

Marian's Marsh Wren

30

40

30

50

726

55

Brown Creeper

20

30

20

;^o

726a

.52a

Mexican Creeper

50

75

50

75

726b

55

Rocky Mountain Creeper. . .

30

45

10

2r-,

726c

55

California Creejier ...

30

45

40

75

727

51

White-breasted Nuthatch...

20

.30

15

25

727a

51a Slender-billed Nuthatch

30

40

20

50

727b

51

Pla. White-bi'st'd Nuthatch

■40

m

728

52

Red-breisted Nuthatch

25

35

K)

05

7-29

53

Brown-headed Nuthatch. . . .

35

3 5

2 00

3 00

730

.54

Pygmy Nuthatch

25

35

• 75

1 00

731 'a

54

White-naoed Nuthatch

4 on

6 00

731

36

Tufted Titmouse

SO

35

20

30

731a

Texan Tufted Titmouse. . .

20

35

1 50

2 50

732

37

Black-crested Titmouse

20

40

1 50

2 50

73?

38

Plain Titmouse

30

50

4 00

6 00

7 '3a

38

Gray Titmouse

60

T5

1.)

25

733b

Ashy Titmotise

75

1 Op

30

50

734

3t

Bridled Titmouse

60

75

15

2.')

735

41

Chickadee

15

25

20

40

735a

4In

l^ong-tailed Chickadee

40

50

15

25

735b

41b Oregon Chickadee

bO

65

20

30

736

42

Carolina Chickadee . .

25

35

50

75

736a

Plumbeous Chickadee

75

100

45

60

[737]

43

Mexican Chickadee

1 00

2 00

50

1 00

738

40

Mountain Chickadee

60

75

50

1 00

739

44

Siberian Chickadee

4 00

5 00

50

75

740

45

Hudson! an Chickadee

30

40

50

75

74oa

Kowak Chickadee

60

80

15

25

740b

Columbian Chickadee —

40

50

741

46

Chestnut-backed Chickadee

75

1 00

741a

46a C'Uifornian Chickadee

.50

65

250

4 00

742

35

Wren-Tit

40

60

742a

35

Pallid Wren-Tit

100

125

30

40

743

47

Bush-Tit

85

35

30

40

743a

47

Californian Bush-Tit

25

35

40

60

743b

Grinda's Bush-Tit

1 00

150

30

50

744

48

Lead-colored Bush-Tit....

35

30

30

50

744.1

Santa Rita Bush-Tit

100

150

20

40

745

49

Lloyd's Bush-Tit

80

135

15

25

746

.5<J

V^erdin

30

50

1 50

2 00

747

34

Kennipott's Willow Warbler

300

5 00

1 50

•ZfO

748

33

Golden-crowned Kinglet

30

30

1 50

8 00

748a

33a West. Gold. -crowned Kinglet 25

40

2 '00

3 0o

749

30

Ruby-crowTied Kinglet

35

45

8 00

3 00

750

31

Dusky Kinglet — —

50

7.5

8<0

3 00

751

27

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher

20

30

50

65

751a

37

Western Gnatcatcher —

7.53

28

Plumbeous Gnatcatcher —

40

65

60

75

7.53

29

Black-tailed Gnatcatcher

50

75

20

30

7.54

25

To^\-nsend's Solitaire

40

.50

50

60

7.55

~1

Wood Thrush

25

40

1 .50

20 1

7.56

2

Wilson's Thrush

20

30

1 00

150

7.56a

Willow Thrush

.50

75

50

• 75

757

3

Gray cheeked Thrush

20

35

40

50

7.57a

3

Bicknell's Thrush

50

75

20

35

758

4

Ru.sset-backed Thrush

R5

45

15

25

758a

4a Olive-backed Thrush

20

30

20

30

759

5

Dwarf Hermit Thiiish. . . .

30

40

20

40

759 i

.5a Audubon's Hermit Thrush

.30

40

20

40

759b

.5b Hermit Thrush....

20

X>

1 50

8 oil

[760]

6

Red-winsed Thrush

60

75

1 50

2 00

761

7

American Robin

30

30

1 00

150

761 a

7a Western Robin —

30

50

60

75

762

8

St. Lucas Robin ... —

3 00

4 00

1 50

2"00

763

9

Varied Thrush

60

75

1 00

1 50

[764]

20

Red-spotted Bluethroat. . . .

1 00

135

40

■0

765

21

Whc-atar

40

50

1 25

2 00

766

22

Bluebird

10

25

30

40

766a

Azure Blueb-i-d

100

2 00

767

23

Western Bluebird

85

30

i;oo

1 25

768

34

Mountain Bluebird

30

50

1 00

125

Q

English Pheasant

100

2.50

1 00

12-.

H

Ring Pheasant —

3 00

5 00

30

40

U T.

Green Pheasant

1 00

20O

75

1 OU

II

Silver Pheasant

8 00

5 00

Golden Pheasant . . .

5 00

7 00

60

75

Black Grouse —

8 00

3 00

45

.'^5

3 ^

European Goldfinch —

40

7.5

45

55

English Sparrow

15

35

European Tree Sparrow.

35

60

^?%a

i^

THE

^"^^^* Monthly. <^^|)^ 50c. per Year. ^^$

\

VOL. XI. NO. :.

Whole No. 105

ALBION, N.-Y., JULY, 1894.

Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales.

Brief special annouucements, "W^ants,' "Exchanges" "For Sales," inserted In this department
for 50C per 35 words. Notices over 3.5 words, charged at the rate of one cent per each additional
word. No notice Inserted loi- less than .50c. Terms, cash with order.

"Dealers" can use these columns at Regular Advertising rates, only.

Strictly First-class specimens will be accepted in payment at one-hall list rates.

Exchange cards and Coupons (subscription) will be accepted tor "Wants" and "Exchanges' only
and according to conditions stated thereon.

I HAVE many articles to trade for photo
supplies, and camera, etc. JAMES ODELL,
JR.. Austin, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGE.— Eggs in sets including
101, 207, 293a. .311, 313, 318, 319, 320a. .335, 363, 380,
387. 419, 431, 439, 4U), etc.. 'etc. Send lull list.
Raptores especially desired. THOMAS H.
JACKSON, West Chester, Penn.

TO-EXCHANGE.— I have a snare drum to
exchange for taxidermist's in.strumeuts, or any
thing useful. Letters answei'ed. MITCHILL
CHANEY. Pricetown, Highland Co.. Ohio.

FOR SALE.— A fine solid silver open face
watch nearly new, cost $18. Will sell for $13
cash or books equal value. Make offer. W. F.
WEBB, Gaines, N. Y.

I HAVE mounted birds, skins and four vol-
umes of the OoLOGiST to exchange for same or
books on Ornithology. C. W. CONREY. Box 1,
Knoxville. Iowa,

TO EXCHANGE.— About 90 first-class singles
for other eggs In sets. Terms easv. Corres-
pondence solicited. C. T. MUELLER, 406 Park
St., Milwaukee, Wis.

EXCHANGE NOTICE.— Those wishing to
exchange first-class sets with data for same
write at once, I also offer some Buff Cochin
Bantams to ex. for sets. ARTHUR V. CLIF-
TON. 232 S. Lumpkin St., Athens, Ga.

A RARE Sheet of Stamps. What am I
offered for a sheet containg 100 ten cent (pale
blue) Confederate stamps of the general is.sue
of 1863. I want either cash, photographic sup-
plies, watch or Ruby lantern. -Vo specimens,
JAMES ODELL, JR., Austin, Texas.

TO EXCHANGE.— Scroll saw outfit, 1 doz.
Brewster's patent rein holders (fine sellers),
books of all kinds, by standard authors. 1 doz.
Family Rignts for making "Eureka Labor
Saving Laundry Soap," Foi-mulas for making
the noted mineral waters and Van Stan's
Stratena, for corals, minerals and Indian relics.
FRANK M. HEWLETT, Dresden, Yates Co.,
N. Y,

HAWKS and Owls Eggs in sets for cash,- or
exchange for eggs or skins. Lists from ad-
vanced collectors solicited. My list sent to all.
A. W. CANNED, 72 Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

FOR EXCHANGE.— 1 Scovill Camera 4I4X
oYi complete, with tripod. For 4x5 Hand Cam-
era or breech loading shot gun. C. K. PHILP,
Port Hope, Ont.

TO EXCHANGE.— A flue collection of two
hundred and fifty postage stamps, valued at
from one to ten cents each. H. C. ALLEN,
159 Pennsylvania Ave.. Newark, N. J.

UNUSED Confederate Stamps for back num-
bers of journals, papers and also books on
photography. JAMES ODELL, JR., Austin,
Texas.

RARE EGGS.— I have secured the collection
of eggs from a large museum recently sold out
at auction. A part of these I will sell, can offer
Eagles, Owls, Hawks, Cranes. Storks and hun-
dreds more very cheap. Send stamp for list.
A. E, LITTLE, 335 Market St., San Francisco,
Cal.

WHAT can you offer for an "American Chal-
lenge Bicycle? Fifty inch gear. Direct spokes.
Original value 190. ROBERT MAXWELL,
Lock Box 1961, South Bend, Ind.

TO EXCHANGE.— Finely prepared sets with
complete data. Many with nests. Reliable
collectors please send lists. J. WARREN
JACOBS. Waynesburg, Pa.

WANTED.— W.Raine's, Bird Nesting in
North-west Canada. Will give good exchange
in rare eggs. CHESTER IRVINE, George-
town, Texas.

$10 Worth of first-class desirable sets 488,
494, 727, etc., for Coues' Key, Ridgway's Man-
ual, Cabinet or supplies. MILLARD VAN
WAGNER. Gretna. N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE.— First-class eggs in sets or
singles, send list and receive mine, also $4. .50
Quackenbush air rifle in good condition, for
best offer. M. H. GREENE, Locust, N. J.

226

THE OOLOGIST.

TO EXCHANGE.— For complete volume of
Ornithologist and Oologist, or Auk: Birds
Michigan ; Birds Minnesota : Mammals Minne-
sota. Write for list. WM. H, FISHEU, U W.
North Ave., Baltimore, Md.

FOR SALE.— A collection Of first-class sUins,
mostly made by Worthington, and eggs with
data, .singly or entire. Send for list. H. L.
HALLO WE, Diamond. La.

BARGAINS in sets with full data.Black Vul-
ture Vj. 40c. per egg: Painted Bunting I4. 6c,
per egg : Orchard Oriole 1-5, 3c. per egg. En-
close 5c. for postage for orders under .50c,
HERBERT STERZING, Austin, Texas.

FOR SALE.— Registered Berkshire pigs $30
per pair not akin. Will exchange a pair for
best offer hitrh value Columbian stamps. GEO.
STAPLIN, JR„ Mannsville. Jeff. Co , N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE.— Geological Survey of Ohio
"Vol. IV: Zoology, containing description of
Birds of Ohio for best offer of eggs in sets. W.
C. MILLS, Mt. Vernon. Ohio.

TO EXCHANGE.— First class single eggs for
a good six or eight in. Caliper, Davie's Nests
and Eggs, or other standard Oi'nlthological
works, or showy shells. Send for lists. O. A.
PFEIFFER, San Antonio, Texas.

TO EXCHANGE.— For every 25 cent piece
coined befoi'e 1874, I will give four different
Foreign coins, or two United States Liberty
cents, dated prior to 181.5. O. J. SWANDER,
Kenton. Hardin Co., Ohio.

TO EXCHANGE.— Sets of Black-chinned
Hummingbird. with data and nest. for first-class
sets from Eastern States. Address, C. A.
THOMAS, North Pasadena, Calif.

SAY :— For ;30 days I will print 100 letter-heads
and 100 envelopes for only 75 cents. Send
stamp for samples. Order quick. W. W.
LOOMIS, Clermont, Iowa.

FIRST-CLASS eggs aud novels to exchange
for eggs, with data. W. A. STRONG, Tulare,
Cal.

FOR FIVE DOLLARS worth sets, standard
data, or small bore single gun, will give 45
numbers ''Popular Science," over 7000 pages
natural history, chemistry, etc. OTTO
GRADY, Litdlow, Ky.

EXCHANGE.— New double barrel Ishot gun,
all improvements. 12 gauge, for flrst-class eggs
in sets. Correspondence solicited. GEORGE
WALL, Silver Creek, N.Y.

PARTIES having sets or skins of Starling
Thrush and Cuckoo families, to sell or ex-
change, send list with prices. Correspondence
invited. W. E. MULLIKEN, .527 So. Laf. St.,
Grand Rapids. Mich.

I WILL GIVE $12 worth of sets for la good
secondhand Smith & Wesson Double Action
32 cal. Revolver. Parties having same for ex-
change write me for list of eggs. Must be in
good order. Write immediately. R. N. WIL-
LIAMS, JR., Tallahassee, Fla.'

WANTED 1 WANTED : : WANTED \ \ \ Every-
body to send a stamp for our price list and cir-
cular of our prize winners. Buff and Brown
Leghorn Chickens. Rabbits and Guinea Pigs of
all vai-ieties, also 1 Pug dog H months old. He
is a beauty. We will sell cheap. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Address, REICH BROS., Salem,
N. C.

SETS AND SINGLES of Nos. 191, '218, .37.3,.
751 : skins of '318. 208. 513; set "f minerals, for-
skins, ornithological books. H. L.BALLOWE,
Diamond. La.

TO EXCHANGE.— For best offer of flrst-class
eggs in sets, by August 1. a pair of live Great-
Horned Owls in full plumage. E.B.SCHRAGE,
Pontiac, Mich.

GRANT'S MEMOIRS. Cyclopedia Natural
History and other new books, cloth bound. Egg
Calipers. Fountain Pen. Chautauqita Mineral
Collection and eggs, to exchange for first-class
sets, Indian Relics and Curios. Send list and
receive mine. WALTER A. LOVETT, Ox-
ford. Mass.

" WANTED.— A Safety bicycle. Have to offer ■
$.300 worth of Mounted Birds and Mammals.
110 worth of stamps, a few eggs, Ornithological
papers, and, possibly, some cash. Also want
Microscope, Surgical instruments and E flat
alto hoi'n. All "letters answered. FRED S.
HAGGART. Chagrin Falls. Ohio.

THE JULY number of the The Naturalist is
unusually intei-esting and is also profusely
illustrated. Among them is an article on the
Golden Eagle, illustrated by a fine half-tone;
a half-tone of Flamingoes and Nests :a Taxider-
mists" Camn: etc. etc. Send 5 cents for sample
copy. HERBERT STERZING, Austin. Texas.

FOR SALE or exchange. Cedar boat 14 ft.
long. 37 inches wide. 11 d<»ep. with nickle oar-
locks, four. 7 foot cedar spoon oars, weight 60
pounds, cost $48 in New York, almost good as
new. Also Auto-harp, largest size (No. 6). with
a lot of music. Will sell either or exchange
for 12 ga. hammerless shot gun. All answered.
L. B. BOOKER, Pembina, N. Dak.

WANTED.— A Galvanic or Faradc Battery,
strong enough for all medical purposes. Must
be in A 1 condition. Send full description.
Can offer Birds eggs, shells, corals, minerals,
or anything in the Natural Historv Line»
FRED D. SNYDER. Barre Center, N. Y.

FOR SALE.— An extremely ornamental and
substantial Oaken Egg, Cabinet, 62 inches high,
43 inches wide. .30 inches deep. 18 drawers of
graduating depths, heavy glass doors, brass
hinges, hinge plates, drawer pulls, and etc.
Will hold UX)0 sets of eggs. Portable walnut
strips for every drawer accompany it. Would
answer equally well for Collection of Etchings,
Coins or Silverware. The handsomist Cabinet
in the Countrv. Cash $185. Price now $100.
Address, RIDLEY PARK FERNERIES, Rid-
ley Park, Pa.

UNUSED Confederate Stamps. These
stamps are new and uncancelled, and as I have-
only a few hundred left, you must write quick.
Those collectors not having these stamps in
their collection, now's your chance. All of 1863
general issue. 2c rose at 16c : 10c pale blue at
6c: 20c green at .5c. All stamps sent postpaid.
Two of each for .50c. postpaid.. Address, JAS.
ODELL, JR., Austin, Texas.

CRYSTALS.— Recently returned from an ex-
tended tour of the Southern States. I can
offer collectors and dealers, cheap, some bar-
gains in Minerals. Rare forms in North Caro--
lina Rock Crystals, inclusions of rutile, mica,
chlorite, water-drops, graphite, magnetite, red
clay, &c. manazlte and zircon, and many oth-
ers. A few exchanges wanted with advanced
collectors. Collections sent on approval to-
responsible parties. E. H. HARN, BlairsTille,.
Pa.

THE OOLOGIST.

227

TO EXCHANGE.— Skins aad eggs all Al with
full data of this state for such as ace not con-
tained in my collection. Send list and receive
mine. PAUL BARSTCH, Burlington. la.

TO EXCHANGE.— Eggs of this locality for
those of others. CHAS. HATCHER. Colum-
bia. Teun.

WAVTED.— The September. October, and
December numbers of the ■Nidiologist." Will
pay cash or give good exchange in Bird Eggs.
C. B. JOHxVSONrRed Wing. Minn.

I HAVE live Hawks and Owls. Coons. Squir-
rels and Crows to sell cheap or exchange for
Indian Relics. I have also Elk and Deer Ant-
lers to exchange for shot gun No. Vi. breech
loader . C. J. FITE. Denver. Ind.

WILL SELL a fine collection of eggs dirt
cheap or will trade for high grade Bicycle.
Write for particulars. No postal cirds. W.F.
LEWIS. No. 93 31.st Street. Wheeling. W. Va.

••It gives me pleasure to say that from my
recent advertisement in your paper I have re-
ceived nearly forty answers. In my mind the
OOLOGiST. as an advertising medium.surpaases
another Magazines. May it live long and pros-
per is the wish of F. I. ATHERTON, Los Gates,
Gala."

LARGE ASSORTMENT of scientific birds'
skins and sets of egg.s with data, also books, to
exchange tor eggs and skins ;all are flrst-class iu
every respect, and are correctly classified.
Cori-espondence invited. S. VAN RENSSEL-
AER. JR.. 29 Broadway, N. Y. City.

I AM PLEASED to inform my many friends
and patrons that Babbitt's new' auxiliary bar-
rel or •■tube"' with extractor is now ready. The
extractor on tube is worked by extractor on
gun and ejects the shells to perfection without
reoioving tube from barrel of gun. Although
costing double the price of any extractor on the
market we shall .sell as 1 > w as ths lowest.
Price .f'>.50. Send for circular. JAMES P.
BABBITT. Taunton. Mass.

WANTED.— Portable Forge; Goodell Turn-
ing Lathe; Colt's Double or Single Action Re
volver. 38 cal. \V. C. F.; 7 x 7 or T x 9 Wall Tent ;
Steel Traps, sizes 0.1. 'J. 4: '•Cyclone"' Mouse
Traps ;Schuyler Rat and Mouse Traps; Aneroid
Barometer (altitude): Compound Microscope.
Have to exchange for above '•American Ram-
bler"" Bicycle, combination. 24 in. front. 28 in.
rear wheels. IV in.. Cushion Tires, balls all
around; ••Simplex'" Printer. .T X 8; Babbitt col-
lecting Tube. 38 cal. with Wad Cutter; Climb-
ing Irons, strapped (Lattin"s best i : ••New Rog-
ers'" Scroll Saw; Flute, Key of D., Grenadilla
"Wood, 8 german silver keys ; Books on Orni-
thology. Oology. Travels, etc; Birds' skins and
Eggs, and Mounted Birds. THaD. SURBER.
White Sulphur Springs. W. Va.

P'OR SALE.— Minerals. Fossils. Curios, In-
dian Relics, Choice Polished Shells from Wis-
consin rivers, Mazon Creek Fossil Plants and
Insects. The ,tinesf collection of Polished Coral
in this country. Beautiful Fossil Fish. Cameos,
Gems. Stones, etc. GEO. WILKINSON. Mor-
ris, 111. jy;n.

SECOND HAND BOOKS. GraVs Structural
and Systematic Botany,$l..">iJ. Steeles' Popular
Zoology, 3(X) pp., finely illustrated. $1.2.5.
Wood's Mammoth Natural History, .400 pp.,
hundreds illustrations. $3 00. White"s Natural
-History, Selbourn. Sew, $2.50. Ornithologist
and Oologiat, 89 and 90 in I vol. .fine $2.50. F.H.
LATTIN & CO., Albion, N. Y.

WANTED.— Columbian stamps in exchange
for Indian Relics, rare and common singles
and sets, and si^ecimens. For Sale.— Set of
Hooded Mergenser. 1-9. and other rare sets at
one-half list price. J. MINCHIN. Fleming,
Cayuga Co.. N. Y.

WANTED.— U. S. Adhesives. Confederate or
rare Revenue. Department or Envelopes, for
cash or exchange. Also purchase any rare or
desirable Foreign. Send what you have regis-
tered with lowest price. VV. F. WEBB, Gaines,
Orleans Co.. N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE.— A. O. U. No. 420, 611. .549,
681. .5.50, 201. S12. 724, 683, 725 and others. Send
list and receive mine. W. E. TYLER, Lyme,
Conn.

TO EXCHANGE. Foreign Columbian and
Old L'. S. Stamps for Curiosities. Address,
CHAS. SIMMONS. No. 91 Peachtree Street,
Atlanta. Ga.

ARIZONA Cactus, 50c each prepaid. Apache
Indian Caskets, $1.50 each prepaid. P. M.
WILLIAMS, Justice Peace, Morecopa, Arizo-
na.

TO EXCHANGE.— Eggs in sets and singles,
fine bird skins, and back vols, of Oologi.st for
Hornaday"s Taxidermy, Ridgeway's Manual,
Coue.s' Key and good pair Opera Glasses.
BERT H. BAILEY. .594 1st Ave., Cedar Rapids,
la.

BARGAINS.— Sets 4 Acadian Flycatcher, 20c.
Sets 4 Killdeer. 30c. Sets 10 Bobuhile, 30c.
Send for list of unparalelled bargains. No
stamps. JAS. HILL, Box 125, Edinburg, 111.

INTERESTING ARTICLES fill the pages of
the Xidiologist. The May number has four
large half-tone illvistratious, and the following
articles are notable ; Nesting of the Califor-
nia Poor-will, Bird Destruction Again (Olive
Thome Miller"s \ lews). Snow Eatere. The Lit-
tle Auk In Vermont, Feathered Butcher, The
Birds of Smith"s Island. Virginia. Bird Ne.st-
ing in Northwest Canada. The Western Yellow-
throat. &C. The "Purchasing Bureau," a new
idea, attracts attention. Subscription price i.s
low at one dollar per year, including free ex-
change notice. Sample copy sent for ten cents.
Address, The Xidiologi'^t. or H. R. Taylor. Ala-
meda, Calif., or subscriptions may be" left, and
back numbers secured at New York Oftle. Ross
Taylor, 1.50 Fifth Avenue.

SOMETHING WONDERFUL!

Is the extraordinary remedial power of the
Compound Oxygen Treatment as manifested in
the cure of disease and debility. If you will
know more of this great remedy, send for book
of 200 pages, free. Home or Oflice Treatment.
Consultation Free.

DRS. STARKEY & PALEN.

15.'9 Arch St.. Philadelphia, Pa.

STONE

INDIAN RELICS!

On approval by mail. Give reference. A few
cents expense to see a variety from many States
I pay postage one way on arrow and spear
points. L.VKGEST Stock. L.4.i{gest Variety,
AND Finest in the West. Buckskin Relics.
Weapons, Minerals, Fossils, Shells, Agates,
Curios. Catalogue with prices for stamp.
BLACK HILLS NATURAL HISTORY ES-
TABLISHMENT, Deadwood, S. D.

228

THE OOLOGIST

You Are a Judge-

Your decision must be mailed us not
later than the first day of August.
Write on back of a postal card the five
articles wliich you liave decided to be
tlie lyiost valuable, instructive and inter-
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•VOL. XI. NO. 7.

ALBION, N. Y., JULY, 1894.

Whole No. 105

Dove Life in Arizona.

The winter and spring of 1893 I spent
in Plioenix, Arizona, and as I was my-
self gi'eatly interested in tiie birds to be
found there, and knowing that at least
one species does not come under the
notice of many of the readers of the
OoLOGiST, I have thought a few of my
observations might be of interest.
It must be understood, that although

•originally the country about Phoenix
was a desert without vegetation, except
the usual cacti and stunted desert trees,
the application of the irrigation system
has reclaimed several hundred thousand
acres of tine land, which are now green
with grain and alfalfa, and suppoi't
numberless herds of fine cattle.

Along the ditches which cross and re-
cross the country, carrying the life
sustaining irrigation, have been plant-
ed I'ovvs of Cottonwood and willow
trees, now of considerable size, and
these furnish I'esting places and nest-
ing places for many birds which would
not otherwise be found in that region.
Of the Doves, probably the first in
point of numbers is the well known
Mourning Dove; indeed they actually
swarm everywhere from the city streets
to the outskirts of the irrigated lands,
building their nests in all kinds of
places, often on the ground. In a
small patch of mesquite trees, which a

'friend and I were exploring one day in
May for other nests, they were so plen-
tiful that we flushed them from their
nests at nearly every step, not a little
to our annoyance as the noise they made,
together with the suddenness of their
movements was verj' distracting to our
attention, and prevented our hearing
the movements of other birds. As the
bird is so well known I will only add
that the first eggs were seen ou March

5th and well grown young on the 17th.

We now come to the Inca Dove, a
Dove so diminutive and familiar and
\, ith such friendly and trusting ways,
that one feels at once a kindly interest
in it. It is essentially a bird of the gar-
den and cultivated districts and is most
often seen in the shade trees bordering
the streets and walking about in the
grass of lawns or in gardens, busily
picking up its food, and allowing a
person [to pass within a few feet with-
out showing the least alarm. In color
it is as dainty and as pleasing as in its
habits. The general tint is nearly that
of the Mourning Dove, but each feather
being edged with a faint blackish line
of crescentic shape, gives it a peculiar
scaled appearance, hence the name of
Scaled Dove by which it is sometimes
known. But its crowning beauty lies
in the color of the lining of the wings
and inner edges of the quills, which are
of a rich mahogany, showing every
time the bird takes flight. The tail is
long in proportion to the bird's length
and the outer feathers are much mark-
ed with white. The entire length is
about 8.00.

As the season for nesting approaches
the males get very pugnacious and
many are the combats they wage.
They also coo almost incessantly a note
of two syllables with a decided empha-
sis on each. It is rather loud and
hoarse, with a slightly querulous tone
observable. It is sometimes so unceas-
ing as to become quite disagreeable,
especially when a great number are to-
gether

I will describe a fight of which I was
an interested spectator and which was
uncommonly hot and long contested.
These two particular birds met in one
of their foraging expeditions, on the
edge of an irrigating ditch which, how-

230

THE OOLOGIST.

ever, had no water in it at the time.
As preliminary to the aflfray, each com-
menced walking around the other, with
about two feet between them, with
ruffled neck and lowei'ed head, moving
the same ludicrously after the manner
of the common cock. A few turns of
this sort and they suddenly changed
their tactics and approaching near,
each one elevated one of his beautiful
mahogany-lined wings perpendicularly
from his back, apparently as a shield,
and sailed in. Each heat was short but
plucky, both often rolling over and
over on the ground. As soon as they
separated each threw his wing straight
up again and I'enewed the attack. Dur-
ing one of these clinches both rolled to
the bottom of the ditch, but were not
in the least disturbed, nor did they take
any notice of me, although I was near
enough to reach them with my cane.
After several minutes of this, one of
them seemed to have had enough, and
although he would not tly away, began
to avoid the onsets. The victor, much
inflated with his success, strutted about
with bill filled with feathers, of which
a goodly number were lost during the
tussles. The incessant flashing of their
bright wings during the entire time
was indeed a pretty sight.

Another habit of these birds, which I
observed, was very interesting. After
mating, a pair would approach each
other sidewise. place their bills to-
gether, then each would turn outward-
ly, describe a small circle, and put their
bills together again, their heads point-
ed as at first. This would be kept up
for several minutes with the regularity
and precision of a dance.

The nest of this Dove is placed in
shade trees, in gardens and along side-
walks, usually at a moderate elevation,
and being slight, occupies but a short
time in building.

Both birds work at it, one, presuma-
bly the female, remaining at the nest,
while the other brings the material,

which he seldom goes far to obtain..
Dry grass stems, very fine twigs and'
a few hairs are generally used.

When completed, t' e female imme-
diately deposits two pure white eggs;
the ends of one, in all sets taken by me.
being more pointed than the ends of
the other. They average .80x.65. My
first set was taken on March 10, but
half grown young were found on
March 5. As I continued to find sets
up to the time of my leaving, about
June 1st, I suppose several broods are
raised .

I will now close with this Dove by
describing a tragedy in which one fig-
ured .

I was standing under some large-
cottonwoods, watching a Vermilion
Flycatcher, who was working upon her
nest, when my attention was attracted
by a scuffle which was going on at a
short distance from me, and going
closer was not a little surprised to see
that a Shrike had seized a Dove by the
neck and was jerking and thrashing it
upon the ground most vigorously. I
attempted to rescue the victim, but too-
late, it being already dead. The Shx-ike
flew away and so I lost also the oppor-
tunity of seeing what he would have
done with so large a prey. I had never
known one to kill so large a bird.

The White-winged Dove was scarcely
seen during the winter but by April
they were more common and egg&
were found in May and at the time I
left they were seen in lai'ge flocks, but
the number of nests obtained did not
seem at all to compare Avith the num-
ber of birds. Their cream colored egg&
are well known and I will only say that
in that locality, cottonwoods and wil-
lows seemed to be their preferred nest-
ing sites. This Dove is a large and
quite handsome bird and its call is so-
norous and far reaching.

Harold H. Dodge.

THE OOLOGIST.

231

Notes From Audubon's Biography.
Part II.

America beiog the native land of Au-
dubon, he tried to get his drawings en-
graved in the United States. Wilson's
engraver, among others, gave it as his
opinion that the drawings coi;ld never
be engraved. In New York other diffi-
culties presented themselves, and he ti-
nally determined to go to Europe.
Great was the despondencey he felt as
he approached the shores of England.
He had not a single friend or acquain-
tance to whom he could go, although
he was the bearer of many letters Of in-
troduction from eminent American
statesmen. As he walked the streets of
Liverpool for the tirst time his heart
nearly failed him, for not a glance of
sympathy did he meet in two days of
wandering. But how soon was this
changed! The very tirst letter tender-
ed procured him a host of friends.
His drawings were publicly exhibited
and publicly praised. The first diffi-
culty was surmounted. The Rubicon
was crossed. Honors, which on appli-
cation being made through his friends,
Philadelphia had refused, Liverpool
heaped upon him. He left that empo-
rium of commerce, with many a pass-
port and additional letter of introduc-
tion, bent upon a visit to fair Edina.
He arrived at Manchester, and his visit
was made very pleasing by the courtesy
and friendship of all whom he met.
Friends pressed and urged him to visit
the beautiful villages of Bakewell, Matt-
lock and Buxton. It was a trip of pure
enjoyment.

Audubon's journey to Scotland was
performed along the noilhwestern
shores of England. He passed in view
of Lancaster Castle, and his way led
him thi'ough Carlisle. The principle
scientific and literary characters of the
ancient metropolis of Scotland received
him like a brothei . The Royal Society,

The VVernerian Natural History Socie-
ty, The Society of Scottish Antiquaries,
the Society of Useful Arts, and the Scot-
tish Academy of Painting, Sculpture,
and Architecture, spontaneously and
gratuitously enrolled him as a member.
In this capital commenced the pA.iblica-
tion of his 'Illustrations, and there it
might have been accomplished had not
unexpected difficulties come in the way.
His engraver, Mr. VV . H. Lizars, advis-
ed him to seek an artist in London, and
there after many fruitless inquiries he
became acquainted with Mr. Robert
Havell, Jr., by whom his work was con-
cluded to his complete satisfaction.

Four years have passed. One vol-
ume of Audubon's Illustrations, con-
taining one hundred plates, has been
placed before the public. T>vo objec-
tions were raised to the mode in which
the work was published: the great size
of the paper upon which the I'epresen-
tations were made, and the length of
time necessary for their completion.
As to the size of the paper, which was
complained of by some, it could not be
avoided without giving up one of the
principal characteristics which Audu-
bon wished to give to it. Two of the
greatest authoiities on Natural History,
— Swainson,the ornithologist, and Cuv-
ier, the center of zoological science at
that time, — spoke with enthusiasm in
favor of this idea.

Soon after the engraving of his work
was commenced Audubon bade adieu
to his Edinburgh friends, whose many
kindnesses were impressed indelibly
upon his heart. The object of his jour-
ney was London. At Newcastle-upon-
Tyne he made his next halt, and hei'e
many, among whom was the venerable
Bewick, treated him w'th a great deal
of kindness and helped to swell his list
of subscribers. It was in this place
that as Wilson had done in America,
Audubon exhibited some engravings of
his work, together with the contents of
his portfolio. In speaking of this Au-

232

THE OOLOGIST.

dubon saj'S; "I cannot say that the em-
ployment was a pleasant one to me,
uoi do I believe it was to him (meaning
Wilson,) but by means of it he at the
time acquired that fame of which I also
was desirous of obtaining a portion ;and
knowing that should I be successful it
would greatly increase the happiness
of my wife and children, I waged war
against my feelings, and welcomed all,
who, from love of science, from taste,
or fi'om generosit3% manifested an inte-
rest in the 'American Woodsman' "

Audubon continued the exhibition of
his drawings until he reached the skirts
of London. The next place he visited
after leaving Newcastle-upon-Tyne was
York, where he formed the acquain-
tance of Mr. Phillips, who became an
eminent Professor of Geologj' soon af-
ter.

On Audubon's second visit to Man-
chester he obtained upwards of twenty
subscribers in one week, and made
some lasting friends. He continued
his journey through Chester, Birming-
ham, and Oxford, and passed in sight
of the famous Castle of Windsor, and
reached London soon after.

Audubon had eighty-two letters of in-
ti'oduction in his budget, and besides
these was the bearer of general letters
from Hem-y Clay, Andrew Jackson,
and other prominent American states-
men, to all our diplomatists and con-
suls in Europe. After a day spent in
sight-seeing he devoted the I'est of his
time to visiting. From one great man's
door to another he went, but what was
his surprise and disapointment, when,
after wandering the greater part of
three days, early and late, he had not
found a single individual at home.
Wearied and despondent he 'thought
his only chruce of getting his letters de-
livered was to consign them to the post,
which he accordingly did, with the ex-
ception of one, which was addressed to
J. G. Children, Esq., British Museum.
To him Audubon went, and in ohim

found a true friend. Mr. Children
pointed out to him his error in deposi-
ting his letters in the post-office. In
the course of a week a few of those to
whom his letters were addressed called
at Audubon's rooms and left their
cards, and by degrees he became ac-
quainted with them. He also renewed
his acquaintance with Lord Stanley,
and became known to other noblemen.

Audubon was subsequently elected a
meml)ei' of Linurean and Zoological
Societies.

In the summer of 1828, Audubon with
his friend Swainson went to Paris,
Avhei'e Audubon made the acquaintance
of the great zoologist, Baron Cuvier,
M. Lesson, and several other eminent
men, besides M. Redoute, a great mas-
ter of flower j)ainting. While in Paris
they were treated with great kindness
and cordiality, and wei'e gratified by
the readiness which the interesting
specimens in the great Museum of
France were submitted to their inspec-
tion. Through the influence of M. Re-
doute, Audubon Avas introduced to the
Duke of Orleans, who later became
King of France.

Pox vs. Crows.

A very interesting incident showing
the pugnacity of the common crow
{Corvus americanus) was recently re-
lated to me.

The gentleman who made^ the obser-
vation, and whose veracity can be de-
pended upon, told me that one after-
noon during the eai'ly part of last Nov-
ember he was out driving near Merion
Square, Philadelphia when his attention
was attracted by a large number of crows
that were in a corn field. He at first
thought they were after the corn, which
had not yet been husked, but more
careful observation showed that the
object of attention and excitement
among the crows was not coi'n but a
common Red Fox (Vulj^es vulpes) that

THE OOLOGIST

233

was slowly moviug up across the tield,
ou every side, beseiged by crows,
which attacted the fox most vigorously
from all directions. How the affair
ended, whether the fox escaped from
his feathered enemies, or succumbed in
the struggle for existence, I do not
know, as the party who informed me
was not sufficiently interested to follow
up and witness the end of the scene.

It is a wellknown fact that crows
frequently destroy young chickens, and
the eggs of both the domestic fowl and
wild birds, and I have known them to
attact larger animals, but I think their
making war on foxes is something new.
W. E. ROTZELL, M. D.,
Norberth, Pa.

A Few Field Notes.

May 20, 1893.— The Green Heron is
not a rare bird in this neighborhood.
While hunting for their eggs today, I
was successful enough to find two nests,
one containing eggs, and the other
young birds. The two nests were very
roughly made of sticks. They were
both situated in a small plum thicket,
about two yards from each other. I
climbed up to one and found three eggs
in the nest, and, looking across from
the tree in which I was in, into the
other nest, I saw that it contained three
young birds about two days old. These
two nests had evidently been visited
before I reached them, for this bird
rarely ever lays less than five eggs.

May 21. [ was successful enough to
find a nest of the Yellow-billed Cuckoo.
This bird is gradually becoming scarcer
in this neighborhood. The nest was
built without much material and con-
tained two fresh eggs. It Avas situated
in a beech tree about fifteen feet
from the ground. Going on a little
further through the grove of beech
trees, I find a nest of the Baltimore
Oriole high up in a sugar maple. This
nest contained four eggs partly incu-

bated. This bii'd is not as common as
its cousin, the Orchai'd Oriole.

May 22. To-day I went out and found
about two dozen Mocking-bii'd, Cat-
bird and Brown Thrush's nests. Going
homeward I found a set of four of the
Wilson's Thrush, incubation about two
thii'ds. This bird is becoming rai'e
here.

May 23. Found two nests of
the American Crow. One nest con-
tained a set of five eggs, badly incubat-
ed. The other nest contained four
fresh eggs. Oce nest was placed in a
tall maple about thirty-five feet from
the ground. The other was in a cedar
about twenty feet from the ground.
The nest in the maple was almost twice/
as large as the one in the cedar.

May 24. Climbed a dead oak
and was rewarded by getting a fine set
of the Turkey Vulture. This bird is
very common here, but it is very hard
to find its eggs. The two eggs that I
found were placed in a slight indenta-
tion of a large limb. The eggs were
beautifully marked and were fresh.

May 25. Secured a fine set of
two of the Red-tailed Hawk. The nest
was placed in the top of a very large
oak. It was about one hundred and
fifteen feet from the ground. The nest
was of an enormous size. It was very
rough on the outside, but as usual,
smooth on the inside, and had a few
oak leaves in it. One of the eggs was
so heavily blotched that the ground color
could hardly be seen, and the egg itself
would hai'dly be recognized as a Red-
tail's, while the other egg hardly had a
speck on it.

May 26. Found two nests of the
Field Sparrow to-day. This bird is
common here as it is almost every-
where. One nest had young ones in it,
while the other had only one egg. Go-
ing into au orchard, I found five nests
of the Orchard Oriole. I took two
plainly marked sets of four eggs each.
In a half dead willow I found a fresh

234

THE OOLOGIST

set of five of the Bluebird. These eggs
were perfectly white.

May 27. Went after some very
common eggs to-day, namely, the
Bronzed Grackle. This hird is more
numerous than any we have, except
the English Sparrow. Going down
the bank of a creek, my first find is in
an elm. There where five nests in this
tree, out of which I took three fresh
sets, two of four, and one of five. This
tree was leaning very far over the
water, and if the creek had risen three
feet, two of the nests would have been
washed away. In four more elms I find
at least two dozen nests, but only take
one more set. The nest from which this
set was taken, had hardly any more
material in it than a Mourning Dove's.

May 28. Found two nests with
foi-.r eggs each of the Bee Martin,
or King bird. Both sets were beauti-
fully marked, and were fresh. These
birds are very common here. Going
home through a little mark I find two
nests of the Red-winged Blackbix-d. The
nests were about four feet apart. Each
contained a set of four eggs, which
were fresh.

May 29. Found a fresh set of seven
of the Red-headed Woodpecker. Going
a little farther from the tree, out of
which I got these eggs, I find a Flick-
er's nest with two eggs in it. In a ce-
dar tree, I find a set of four of the
Chipping Sparrow, and not ten feet
irom this tree, a set of five of the
Meadowlark. Both sets were partly in-
cubated. In a beech I find a set of
the Blue Jay, also slightly incubated.
In a high sugar maple, I find a nest of
the Red-eyed Vii-eo containing two
eggs. In a little patch of briars I find
a nest of the Towhee with one egg in it.

May 30. Today I found two sets of
the Cardinal each of four
eggs. Both sets were fresh. In a
Brown Thrush's nest, out of which I
have taken a set of four, I find that a
Mourning Dove has taken up its head-

quarters. Her set of eggs are now in my
possession. In an old barn, I find a nest
of the Barn Swallow with two eggs. In
the chimney of an old deserted cabin,
I find a set of two of the Chimney Swift.
John A. McEwen, Jr.,
Bell Buckle, Tenn.

Bell's Vireo.

Bell's Vii'eo, though not uncommon
in this locality of central Illinois, is
quite unkown except to the enthusias-
tic collector and the trained ornitholo-
gist. Its domicile is seldom harried by
prying small boys, and even the skill-
full collector must bend in humility
when he seeks intimate acquaintance
with this species by visiting it in its
haunts. It is no gadabout and peddler
of village gossip, but passes its days
contentedly warbling, literally, under
its own vine and figtree.

Like other vireos, it does not display
its best manners and warble its sweet-
est notes &.way from home among
strangers, but sings the most gajdy
near the vines and bushes where hangs
its gossamer-covered home. Its sing-
ing in any particular vicinity is a pret-
ty certain index that its nest is con-
cealed in the neighboring tangle.

Pass its haunts daily and the chief
evidence of its existence is the short,
emphatic, vii'eo-like notes coming from
the bushes, a warble shorter than the
song of any of the vireos, uttei'ed ner-
vously, with increasing force, pith, and
rapidity to the end. The singer him-
self is shy and avoids listeners. First
he is heard ahead of you, and you see
him flirt out from the foliage, quickly
turn, and dart among the leaves again,
uttering a "■quW or ''quit that," as he
sports with his spouse and chases her
through the shrubbery, both talking
earnestly and rapidly as they dart in
and out of the bushes. You gently
press forward, eager to identifj'^ and
observe the restless musicians, but now

THE OOLOGIST.

235

"they are behind you sing'mg from the
tangle, and you only occasionally ob-
tain a glimpse, of them flitting among
the stems and. leaves. However, press
aside the bushes and crawl into the
tangle, crouching among brambles
which penetrate all the salient features
of your anatomy. Soon you will hear
the restless creatures warbling even
above your head. At first he sings
"quit, oh quit, now quit, why can't you
.hearV in the manner above described,
and then perhaps he soliloquizes softly
to himself in a subdued, faraway tone,
barely audible to your attentive ear — a
song which entirely captivates you, and
you learn to love the shy, modest song-
ster.

Along the edge of the woods north of
my home town, there was formerly a
thicket of wild plum trees, bordering a
small branch which flowed into the
creek some eighty rods beyond. The
thicket has now almost disappeared,
and on either side of the branch are
cultivated fields, but fringing the
branch are small bushes of hazel, plum,
alder, and wild grape vines. It was
there that mj ears were first tuned to
the melody of Bell's Vireo, and there I
first studied its habits. Foi'ty I'ods
farther north along the same branch is
the remnant of the plum grove, inter-
spersed with volunteer bushes and
vines, forming mother tangle where
this vireo sings and breeds unmolested,
except by such cranks as ourselves.
Across the creek, and extending forty
rods beyond, is a narrow, abandoned
road between two hedgerows, now
tangled almo.st impassable with bushes
and vines, amid which hang the tene-
ments of Bell's and the White-eyed Vi-
reo, though the latter is the more
numerous in this haunt. But Bell's
Vireo, though losing none of its shy-
ness, often makes its residence in more
public, though not moi'e open, situa-
tions. Wild blackberry, hazel, and
:alder bushes overhanging ditches along

roadsides are frequented, and its pecu-
liar, characteristic song greets the
passers-by, who are generally deaf and
blind to the rounds and sights ever in-
viting our attention.

The species begins to nest soon after
the middle of May. On May 19th, a
friend who was collecting with me,
found a nest of Bell's Vireo containing
one egg, which we left until May 24th,
when we found four fresh eggs. This
nest was suspended by the brim from
several twigs, two feet from the ground
on the outer side of wild plum bushes,
along a hedge crossing the little branch
previously mentioned. While nests of
most of the other Vireos are suspended
from tAvo forking horizontal twigs, the
nest of this species often depends for
its support on more than two twigs.

The nest was well concealed by sur-
rounding leaves and bushes, and only
by pulling aside the stems, can the
structure usually be found, or else by
getting down where one can look
through the stems, unobstructed by
leaves. Like all the low-nesting
Vireos, Bell's is very untidy about its
home, a characteristic of the site being
the amountof white excrement dropped
on the subjacent leaves, rendering the
premises ill-kept and filthy. The nest
itself, however, catches none of this
matter, and is kept fresh and clean.

Both male and female, being seldom
far away fi'oni their lowly home, are
jealous watchers of its privacy, and
strongly object to an examination by
intruders. When their nest is dis-
turbed, both birds utter a scolding
wren-like noise represented by the
sound of pa in the word pair, repeated
rapidly, more rapidly at times by the
female than one can count, and they
will fly quite near the observer in their
nervous efforts to protect their proper-
ty and embryonic family.

Seven nests, examined thus far this
seaspn, show a similarity in location
and construction. One found on June

236

THE OOLOGIST.

4th was in a small clump of wild black-
berry bushes overhanging a small, dry
ditch along the road followed by the
village boys on their fishing trips. It
was the least concealed of all the nests
found, and soon was overtaken by self-
invited disaster, though I suspegt that
Blue Jays were the guilty paities. The
nests are made largely of grayish hedge
bark fibres, among which are worked a
sort of bright clean soft husk in small
pieces, fine dried grass, bits of paper,
and pieces and threads of gossamer.
Outwardly, the nest generally presents
an unfinished appearance, the bark
fibres and pieces of husk being allowed
to hang loosely from the base and sides
of the nest. The lining is of fine dried
grass with here and there a round fiat
flake of gossamer. The cavity is firmly
rounded and smoothly finished, averag-
ing one inch and five-eighths in diame-
ter, by one and one-half in depth.

We never found more than four eggs
in a nest, and that number appeared to
constitute a full set, the complement
being larger than the complements of
most of the other Vireos. Though
most observers report the Cowbird as
imposing its eggs upon this species,
none of the nests examined by us con-
tained eggs of the parasite.

P. M. SiLLOWAY,

Virden, 111.

Nesting Habits of Richardson's Merlin.

On May 5th, while out looking for
Hawks' eggs, I came to a clump of
trees, one of which had a Hawk's nest
in it. While rapping the trunk a small
Hawk flew screeching from a tree on
my left. Thinking it might have a nest
near by I rapped the trunk of a small
poplar which had several woodpecker
holes in it, the Hawk meanwhile kick-
ing up a great disturbance overhead.
As nothing came from this tree, I tried
another, and at the first rap its mate
flew from the tree. On climbing up I

found a cavity ia the top, where the
trunk had been broken off, and inside,.
it, one egg considerably lai'ger than
that of a Sparrow Hawk, and resem-
bling the Osprey's c ggs in my collec-
tion, in style of coloi'iug. I left this
egg resolving to visit the place again
on the Saturday following. (May 13.)

These birds were new to me, but I
was certain they must be Merlins. So
on the 13th, when I went again 1 took
my gun with me, intending to shoot
one or both the birds, to make cer-
tain of their identity.

On climbing to the nest I found four
handsome eggs, which I took, aud also
shot the female bird, which I fully
identified. As these eggs were pei'feet-
ly fresh, I concluded that one was laid
every other day, and not daily, as I
think most bii'ds do.

The cavity these eggs were in was
about eight inches across, one and one-
half feet deep, and 23 feet from the
ground, in a black poplar. The birds
were vei'y bold, flj'ing round my head
and perching on the tree within three
or four feet of me. The female was
considerably larger than the male, and
far bolder.

The eggs are very handsome and are
of two styles of coloration. Two are
heavily blotched all over the larger
half of the egg, while the other two ai'e
spotted over tlie entire surface, the
ground color being visible only at the
tip, the markings on the larger end are,
however, slightly heavier. They are
bufl'y white ground color, blotched and
splashed with dift'erent shades of red-
dish brown and cinnamon. Sizes, 1.66-
1.35, 1.59x1.25, 1.60x1.34, 1.61x1.24.

As this is, without exception, the
handsomest clutch in my collection, I
am doubly proud of my find.

My first large Hawk'.s nest this sea-
son was taken on May 3d, with almost
fresh eggs, so I think these Merlin's
build just as early as the larger Hawks,
and fully a month earlier than the
Sparrow Hawks.

THE OOLOGIST.

237

Oa May 19th, while ou an island iu
the river, J saw a female Merlin fly
from a large nest, from which I had
taken four eggs of the Rough-legged
Buzzard only ten days before, but was
very disappointed that I could not get
to the nest, as the fl'oods iu the moun-
tains made the river so high as to be
utterly impassable.

J. E. Houseman,
Calgary, 2^. W. T.

Nesting Habits of the Passenger Pigeon.
Bv Elgexe Pericles.

There are hundreds and perhaps
thousands of the younger readers of the
OoLOGiST who have never seen a Pas-
senger Pigeon alive. In fact there are
many who have never seen a skin or
stuffed specimen, for the species is so
rare now that very few of the younger
collectors have had an opportunity of
shooting a bird. And of the present
generation of o5logists, the ones who
have secured a set (one egg) are indeed
very few.

Many of the older ornithologists can
remember when the birds appeared
among us in myriads each season, and
were mercilessly and inconsiderately
trapped and shot whenever and where-
ever they appeai'ed. I could fill a book
with the accounts of their butcheries,
and could easily cause astonishment in
my readers by telling of the immense
flocks which were seen a quarter of a
century ago. But wonderful as these
tales would appear, they would be as
nothing comjiared to the stories of the
earlier writers on birds in America.
The readers of the OiiLOGiST may look
over the writings of Audubon and Wil-
son, if marvelous facts on the size of
the flocks of the wild pigeon are de-
sii-ed.

No one can be surprised that the Pas-
senger Pigeon, Ectopistes migratorius,
Linn, has become so reduced in num-

bers, for the war Avaged upon them for
generations was so severe, that next to
total extermination was bound to fol-
low, unless the birds selected different
routes of migration, and quarters for
nesting far removed from the habita-
tions of man.

Of course we know that the net and
gun have been the principle means of
destruction, but it is almost fair to as-
sert that even with the net and gun
under proper restrictions, the Pigeon
would still be with us in hordes, both
spring and autumn. For many years
hunters (butchers) used to shoot the
birds regularly at their nesting places,
while the netters were also found near
at hand.

I have seen many birds taken by un-
sportsmanlike netters, for the mai'ket
during spring imigrations, and the pub-
lished accounts of the destruction by
netters is almost beyond belief. Doctor
Kirtland states that near Circleville,
Ohio, in 1850 there were taken iu a sin-
gle net in one day 1285 live Pigeons.

The Passenger Pigeon Avas in the
habit of crossing the Ohio River by
March first iu the si)i"ing migrations,
and I have noted the birds several
times in Michigan in February. But
this was not usually the case, for the
birds were not abundant generally be-
fore April first, although no set rule
could be laid down regarding their ap-
pearance or departure either in spring
or fall. They usually came with a
mighty rush. Sometimes they did not
appear, or at least only very sparingly.
Their nesting sites would remain the
same for years if the birds were unmol-
ested, but they generally had to change
every year or two, or as soon as the.
roost was discovered by the despicable
market netter.

Where the mighty numbers went to
when they left for the South is not ac-
curately stated and of course this will
now never be know, but they were

238

THE OOLOGIST.

found to continue in flocks in Virginia,
Kentucky and even Tennesee.

The birds possessed great powers ot
flight as instanced by the account of an
early writer. He says that Pigeons
were shot in New York which still held
undigested rice in their stomachs. It is
reasoned that this rice could not have
been procurred nearer than the Caro-
linas, hence it will be seen, as the bird's
digeston is rapid, that these migrants
must have made very fast time. But
this tale must be taken with some 9I-
loAvance.

It would be agreeable to give your
readers accounts of some old-time Pig-
•eon haunts, but space does not permit,
and moreover, most of your readers
prefer notes on nesting. Without giv-
ing notes on arrival and mating, we
will consider the nesting habits.

In the latter part of April or early
May the birds began nesting. The nest
building beginning as soon as the birds
had selected a woods for a rookery, the
scene was one of great activity. Birds
were flying in every direction in search
of twigs for their platform nests, and it
does seem that each pair was intent on
securing materials at a distance from
the structure. Many twigs M'ere drop-
ped in flying or at the nest, and these
Avere never reclaimed by their bearers,
but were often picked up by other birds
from another part of the rookery. This
peculiarity in so many species of bii'ds
in nest building, I could never under-
stand.

It takes a pair of Pigeons from four
to six days to complete a nest, and any
Imsket maker could do a hundred per
cent, better job Avith the same materials
in a couple of hours. In the nest of the
Pigeon, man could certainly give the
birds points for their benefit, for it is
one of the most shiftless structures
placed in trees that I have met with.

The nest is always composed of slen-
der dead twigs, so far as I have ob-
served, or ever learn from others, and

in comparison, though smaller, much
resembles some of the Heron's struct-
ures. In all nests that I have observed
the materials are so loosely put to-
gether that the egg or young bird can
be seen through the the latticed bottom.
In fact, it has been my custom to al-
Avays thus examine the nests before
climbing the tree.

The platform structures vary in diam-
eter from six to twelve inches or more,
differing in size according to the length
of the sticks, but generally are about
nine or ten inches across. An acquain-
tance of mine had tamed some wild
birds, Avhich at last bred regularly in
captivity. These birds Avere well sup-
plied Avith an abundance of material
for their nests and ahva.vs selected in
confinement such as described above,
and making a nest about nine inches in
diameter.

The breeding places selected are gen-
erally found in oak woods, l^ut the
great nesting sites in Michigan Avere
often in timbered lands I am informed.
The height of the nest varies. It may
be as low as six feet or all of sixty-five
feet from the ground.

Passenger Pigeons are ahvays gre-
garious Avhen unmolested, anrt him-
dreds of thousands sometimes breed in
a neighborhood at one time. It is im-
possible to say how many nests were
the most found in one tree, but there

are authenticated instances of ahundred.

«
One man, in whose veracity I rely, in-
forms me that he counted one hundred
and ten nests in one tree in Emmett coun-
ty, the Lower Peninsula. Still this maj'
not be correct, for we all know how
easy it is to be deceived in correctly
counting and keeping record of even
the branches of a tree, and when these
limbs are occupied by nests it is cer-
tainly doubly difficult, and the tenden-
cy to count the same nests twice is in-
creased.

The first nests that I found were in
large Avhite oak trees at the edge of a

THE OOLOGIST.

239

pond. The date was May IT, 1873.
The nests were few in number and only
one nest in a tree. There was but a
single egg in a nest: in fact this is all I
have found at any time. The last nest
that I have met with south of the 43rd
parallel was 40 feet up in a tamarack
tree in a swamp near the river, June 1,
1884. This nest was alone and would
not have been discovered had not the
bird flown to it. I have found several
instances of pairs of x)igeons building
isolated nests, and cannot help but
think that if all birds had followed this
custom that the Pigeons would still be
with us in vast numbers.

As late as Maj' 9, 1880 my lamented
friend, the late C. W. Gunn, found a
rookery in a cedar woods in Cheboygan
county. These nests contained a single
egg each and he secured about fifty
fresh eggs. He did not think their
number excessive as the netters were
killing the birds in every direction.
But now we can look upon such a trij)
almost as a devastation because the
birds are so scarce.

In 1885 I met with the Pigeon on
Mackinac Island and have found a few
isolated flocks in the Lower Peninsula
since then, generally in the fall, but it
is safe to say that the l)irds will never
again appear in one-thousandth part of
the number of former years.

The place where the birds are nesting
are interesting sj)ots to visit. Both
parents incubate and the scene is ani-
mated as the birds flj^ about in all di-
rections. However, as the bulk of the
birds must fly to quite a distance from
an immense rookery to And food, it
necessarih' follows that the main flocks
arrive and depart evening and morning.
Then the crush is often terrific and the
air is fairly alive with birds. The rush
of their thousands of wings makes a
mighty noise like the sound of a .stiff
breeze tlirough the trees.

Often when the large flocks settle at
the roost the birds crowd so closely on

the slender limbs that thej^ bend down
and sometimes crack, and the sound of
the dead branches falling from their
weight adds an additional likeness to a
storm. Sometimes the returning birds
will settle on a limb which holds nests
and then many eggs are dashed to the
ground, and beneath the trees of a
rookerj' one may always find a lot of
smashed eggs.

Later in the breeding season young
birds may be seen perched all over the
trees or on the ground, while big squabs
with pin feathers are seen in or rather
on the frail nests or lying dead or in-
jured on the ground. The frightful
destruction that is sure to accompany
the nesting of a I'ookery of Passenger
Pigeons is bound to attract the observ-
er's eye. And we cannot but under-
stand how it is that these unprolific
birds with many natural enemies, in
addition to that unnatural enemy, man,
fail to increase. If the Pigeon deposit-
ed ten to twenty eggs like the Quail the
unequal battle of equal survival might
be kept up. But even this is to be
doubted if the bird continues to nest in
colonies.

Many ornithological writers have
written that the Wild Pigeon- lays two
eggs as a rule, but these men were evi-
dentl}- not accurate observers, and pro-
bably took their records at second
hand. There is no doubt that two eggs
are quite often found in a nest,
and sometimes these eggs are
both fresh, or else equally ad-
vanced in incubation. But these in-
stances I think are evidence alone that
two females have deposited in the same
nest, a supposition which is not impro-
bable with a gregarious species.

That the Wild Pigeon may rear two
or three young in a season, 1 do not
doubt, and an old trapper and observer
has offered this theory to explain the
condition where there are found both
egg and young in the same nest, or
squabs of widely varied ages. He as-

240

THE OOLOGIST.

srerts that when an egg is about ready
to hatch, that a second egg was depos-
ited in the nest, and that the squab as-
sisted in incubating the egg when the
old birds were both away for food, and
that in time a third and last egg was
laid, so that three young were hatched
each season, if the birds are unmolest-
ed.

This peculiarity may exist with the
Pigeon, but I can add nothing to fur-
ther it from my own observations, ex-
cept to record the finding an egg in the
nest with a half-grown bird— the only
instance in my experience. From
watching the ways of some captive
birds kept as stool pigeons, I am well
satisfied that two young are not rarely
hatched at some weeks apart, and they
do fairly well in confinement.

The young are fed by a process known
as regurgitation; the partially digested
contents of the old bird's crops being
ejected into the mouths of the squabs.

The position of the nest varies great-
ly. Often the nests are well out on
slender branches and in dangerous po-
sitions considering the shiftlessness of
the structure. When a rookery is vis-
ited, nests may be found in all manner
of situation. I have found single nests
built on small twigs next the body of
an oak tree, and at a height of only ten
feet, and again have seen nests forty
feet up in thick tamaracks.

The eggs do not vary much in size or
color. They are white, but without
the polish seen on the egg of the domes-
tic Pigeon. About one and a half by
one inch is the regulation size.

By reference to old price lists of near-
ly a quaiter of a century ago I find that
the eggs where then listed 25 cents,
while it would be difficult to secure
good specimens at present at six times
the figure.

A Curious Freak.

One day in July, when passing
through a grove I discovered a small

stump well whitewashed, w^hich causecf
me to look more closely, and as I did
so, I saw a Flicker on one side of it. I
picked the bird up and found it was-
totally blind, I would think by the
looks that the bird had been there sev-
eral days. It was a young bird, but
could fiy, had it dared to leave the
stump. Of couse I left the bird as I
knew the mother could take the best
care of it. A. E. Kibbe,

Mayville, N. Y.

Some Notes on the Habits of the Arkansas:
Goldfinch-

The Arkansas Goldfinch, or Wild
Canai'y, is a resident with us all the
year. They live on the seed of various
weeds and thistles, fruit buds and fruit
especially cheriies.

They begin house-keeping in early-
April; the female building the nest,
which is a beautiful little structure; of
i*ope strand, weed fibres, horse-hair,
feathers, string, spiders web, and cotton,
in any suitable tree at a height of from,
four to twenty feet.

Api'. 4, 1893, I found a pair of birds
building a nest in a Cyprus tree in our
yard. I hung some pieces of cotton
around in the tree, and the female took
it all to line her nest. The nest con-
tained one egg Apr. 15 and four days-
later I collected a nice set of four eggs
from it. A friend of mine found a nest
of this species, built on a small ledge of
a pillar that supported the top of the
front porch, on a house.

I found one nest, on the second
of June, 1893, in the upright crotch
of a small maple, four feet from the
ground, which contains five fresh eggs
and the broken shell of another.

The eggs are almost invariably four
in number, of a pale-greenish-blue col-
or.

The following nests have been found
this year, 1893. No. 1 Apr. 1. Nest
found on a small horizontal limb of a.

THE OOLOGIST.

241

Cyprus tree, 10 feet from the ground.
Four badly incubated eggs. No. 2. Apr.
11. Nest in a cypress tree, on the end
of a horizontal limb, 8 feet from the
ground. 4 fresh eggs. No. 3. Apr. 16.
Nest in the brushy end of a large limb of
a live oak tree, 15 feet up. This nest is
composed almost entirely of cob-webs.
4 fresh eggs. No. 4. Apr. 20. Nest
placed in a small pine tree, on the side
of a road, 6 feet up. 4 fresh eggs.

The avei'age nest measures in diame-
ter, 21 X 11 inches, and in depth 2 x IJ
inches.

Wm. L. Atkinson,
Santa Clara, Cal.

The Language of Crows, and Other Notes-
Did you ever think of what jolly,
good natured fellows Crows are?

If not, just think of it a bit. In the
first place, they are fond of company
and are willing to practice self denial
for the benefit of their companions, as
is seen in the sentinel who sits on the
top rail of the fence and keeps guard,
while his companions feast on blue
grass, bulbs, worms and stray grains of
corn in the pastures or meadow.

Then the Crows are good talkers, (in
Crow language of course) and apparen-
tly many a joke passes among them as
they skim over the fields in flocks of
twenty to a hundred or two, in • wet and
windy weather. The vocabulai'y of the
Crow is probably as complete as that of
any American bird, of the Eastern states
at least. The common fowl has per-
haps a more complete vocabulaiy, but
since it is an exotic and is domesticated
as well, it does not come under this
class. The language of the Crow can
l)e learned with but little difficulty; and
to an ornithologist it is often conven-
ient, in order to tell what is going on in
a neighboring woods.

The different notes of the Crow are
rather hard to put into words, as for
several notes, quite different to the ear,

the same spelling is required. Below
is given the vocabulary of the Crow, as
correct as the author can make it, as he
has found it.

1. Kj'ak, kj'ak, krnk, krak. [Sound
a as in all.'\ Short call note, used while
flying to and from roost.

2. Kree-ak, Kree-ak. [Sound a as in
last.] Loud notes uttered upon the
discovery of "a man with a gun," in
woods. Uttered while flying about over
the woods, and used as a warning.

3. Hawk, hawk, croiv-liawk, hawk,
etc. Notes uttered upon the discovery
of an Owl, and during said Owl's per-
secution.

4. Hawk hawk hawk haxvk. Notes
uttered usually in four's, with great
rapidity, by Crows calling for reinforce-
ments to torment an Owl. uttered
while flying through or around a woods.

5. Hawk, haxvk, haivk. The same
sound as No. 4, but uttered more leis-
urely. Ordinary call-note; not short as
No. 1 and uttered during short flights,
ordinary Crow business, and during the
large spring "camp meetings," held in
Open fields. This uttered more rapidly
but not so fast as No. 4, is the alarm
note given by a sentinel to a feeding
flock, to indicate that the time for flight
has come.

6. Ha-a-awk, ha-a-aick. [Sound a as
in all.} The call-note of Crows in flocks
in windy, wet weather; simply number
five prolonged, not harsh as in number
seven.

7. Kra-a-a-ak, \_a as in last] and kra-
a-a-uk [a as add, u as but]. A harsh,
rattling croak, uttered while div-
ing at an Owl, and frequently heard
from Crows otherwise silent, during
the breeding season, and occasionally
at other times.

8. Crow haiuk, croiv hawk. The note
uttered by solitary Crows during the
autumn months. The first syllable of
the word is uttered in a very high pitch
for a Crow, the second much lower,
thus differing from No. 3, which is the

242

THE OOLOGJST.

same pitch throughout. This note im-
parts an uncomfortable feeling to the
human hearer, and is probably the
sound mentioned by Bryant in "The
Death of the Flowers," where he ^ys,
"And from the wood-top calls the Crow
through all the gloomy day."

The notes of the young bird I aoj not
so familiar with, but should any of-
nithologist hear uttered in a rather flat
voice, during May or June, the follow-
ing, he may understand that a young
Crow is being fed

Ka-a, ka-a, ka wa loa iva tva wa, ka-a,
[a as in/«r.] It is the voice of a yoimg
Crow whose food is in sight, and ihe"wa
ivcC part occurs during the passage of
food down the young Crow's throat.

These, so far as the ivriter knotvs, are
all the notes of the Ci'ow having a de-
finite meaning. These can readily be
distinguished and understood after some
stud}' and observation.

There is one use of Crows I have
never seen mentioned and that is their
value as "dogs" to an Owl hunter.
Here, where the Great Horned Owl is
not common, and is almost as hard to
shoot as a Crow is in winter, when a
hunter concludes to take an Owl hunt,
he finds the Crows to be valuable assis-
tants.

When he goes to the woods he endea-
vors to scare out an Owl. If he finds
one, as soon as it flies a band of Crows
see and fly after it. When the Owl
alights, part of the Crows perch in the
tree, over him, while the rest go to
neighboring woods, after more Crows.
The hunter, learning of the position of
the Owl, by the Crows sitting above,
moves forward as cautiously as possible.
When he is nearly in range the Crows
silently leave, leaving the Owl still sit-
ting in the tree.

Shoiild the Owl see the sportsman be-
fore the latter is in range, and should
fly to the other end of the woods, the
Crows, their numbers now increased by
arrivals from other woods join in the

chase, now and then diving at him as
he flies, till he alights. Then the Crows-
amuse themselves by diving with aa
angry croak, and sailing round and
round the tree occupied by his Owlship,
like a swarm of bumble bees, until they
see the hunter coming through the
leaves. Then they again silently de-
part. Sdme' times the Crows gather irt
such numbers that there will be four or
five hundred Crows after one or two
Owls.

I have noticed that several Great
Horned Owls captured after having
been worried by Crows, had the eyelids
swelled and filled v ith blood. I sup-
pose the Crows were responsible for
this, but do not knoAv. Does any one?

Before closing, I Avish to impose upon
the readers of the most excellent Oolo-
GiST a ''tame Crow story."

A friend had a tame Crow who had
learned to soften di'y crumbs by soak-
ing them in water. One day he was
discovered standing by a cup of water,
in which he had put a box of tacks,
just opened. Upon being scolded for
this, he took the box out to the garden
and upset it. At another time, Avhile
his oAvners were placing strawberry
runners, and putting clods upon them,
the Crow amused himself by pulling up
the runners as fast as they were placed,
and out of reach of the boys.

Falco.

Wilson's Ornithological Club.

The Wilson's Ornithological Club
AA'as organized at San Benardino, Cal,
June 9, 1894. The following officers
Avere elected : President, Edward Wall,
San Bernardino; Vice-President, Wesley
Bead. Colton; Secretary, Arthur Whit-
ing, San Bernardino; Treasurer, E. D.
Palmer, San Bernardino.

The President Avrites us as follows:

'•Anyone wishing to join Avith us in
the study of our birds, their nests and
eggs, please send their address to the
President or Secretary.

We can promise corresponding mem-
bers all the advantages of resident
members."

THE OOLOGIST.

243

The Oologist.

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to
OOLOGY AND ORNITHOLOGY.

F. H. LATTIN, & CO.. Publishers.

ALBION, N. Y.
FRANK H. LATTIN, WALTER F. WEBB,

Editors.

Correspondence and Items at interest to tne
student of Birds, their Nests anrd Eggs, solicited
from all.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

Single Subscription - - 50c per annum
Sample Copies ----- sc each
The above rates include payment of postage by us.

Each subscriber is given two coupons, one good
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munications to F. H. LATTIN & CO..
Albion, Orleans Co., N. Y.

*.* Articles, Items of Interest and Queries
for publication should be forwarded as early In
the month as possible.

■WTiRED AT THE POST OFFICE AT AL8tON, N. Y.. AS 5EC0*. D-CL »?■' VAT-ER.

Under recent date we received the
following item of interest from Chas.
C. Purdum, Wood's HoU, Mass. "Yes-
terday I had the rare fortune to find in
on old cedar swamp, about two miles
from home, two sets of three each of
the Black throated Green Warbler,
{Dendroica virens,) I know of only
two other sets having been taken in
Barnstable Co., although I have
observed many of the birds."

H R. Taylor, the hustling editor and
publisher of the Nidiologist, is not of
the closet kind, but can be ranked with
the foremost of our active Field Oolo-
gists. Among the "nice things" he col-
lected early in the present season, we
note thirteen eggs of the Golden Eagle
and a set of five White-tailed Kite.

Rev. P. B. Peabody,who is now Chap-
lain and Instructor in Greek, Latin and
Higher English at the Breck School,
Wilder. Minn., in a letter of recent
date, he writes: "You will be interest-
ed to know of my having taken, per-
sonally, April 7, at the famous Heron
Lake, six miles from here, a set of Can-
ada Goose.

Necrology.

During the past few months, through
the intervention of that grim power,
Death, we have been ©bliged to erase
the names of the following active col-
lectors and students from the subscrip-
tion books of the Oologist.
Brill, Wm. B., Hempstead, L. I. N Y.
Dodge, Harold H.. Mentone, Calif.
Quincey, Edward, Boston, Mass., and

Isle on Haute, Maine.
Turner, Wm., St. Paul, Minn.

Accompanying the Mss., Dove Life in
Arizona, which appears in this issue of
the Oologist; a relative writes as fol-
lows:

"The writer of the enclosed, [Harold
H. Dodge], a subscriber and occasional
contributor to the Oologist, has re-
cently passed to the higher life. He
was a devoted lover of Nature in every
form of her manifestation, and a short
time before his death he prepared, from
his notes, this article for your journal,
and I herewith send a copy for inser-
tion, should you desire to do so."

244

THE OOLOGIST.

Song of the Thistle-bird.

I can think of no bird that has such
a light-hearted song as the American
Goldfinch, and yet it seems to carry
with it a sad feeling at the same time.

The bird seems to have had some
heavy sorrow that it is trying to get rid
of in song.

In its flight this same thought is also
suggested. It seems to dart, up ward
with a sudden determination to be hap-
py, and utters a joyous note, when it
falls on its wings as if its sorrow was
getting the best of its light heart, but
again taking courage it rises with an-
other happy note, and remembering it
was on a particular errand suddenly
turns and darts off to some thistle top
where it sits a minute rocking to and
fro in the breeze befoi'e setting to work
at it's morning meal, or gathering the
downy thistle blows for the lining of
it's dainty nest. W. S. J.

MAY CONTEST.
Seventy-three Judges.

1. Scenes from the Life of Alexan-
der Wilson, 389.

2. My Broadwings of '92 and '93,
231.

8. A Collecting Trip in North Dako-
ta, 143.

4. A Pair of Bubos at Home, 141.

5. Wilson's Snipe, 102.

The Judges' prizes were awarded as
follows:

1. No. 47— R. P. Gillespie, Stark-
ville. Miss. Exact.

2. No 59— H. L. Heaton, Oberlin,
Kans.. 1, 2, 4, 3. 5.

3. No. 52— Raymond C. Osburn,
Vanatta, Ohio. 1, 2, 3. 5, 4.

4. No 11— H. W. Kerr, Omaha, Neb.,
1, 2, 5. 4,3.

5 No. 15 — H. J. Giddings, Sabula,
Iowa, 1, 2, 5, 4, 3.

The following Judges named the
winning articles in exactly the same
order as No's 11 and 15 — hence we
award each a fifth prize.

No. 16— Millard Van Wagner, Gretna,
N. Y.

No. 36— W. A. Achilles. Austin. Tex.

No. 39— Hevey Smith, Smith's Ferry,
Ohio.

The following also named the win-
ning articles:
No. 1— E. Doolittle, Ohio.
2— J. G. Smith, N. 1'.

10— R. McPherson, Mass.

19— J. F. Parkhurst. Ills.

23— F. H. Nutter, Minn.

24— C. Crosbv, N. Y.

25— H. L. Bellowe, La.

30— A. H. W. Norton, Tex.

31— C. Irvine, Tex.

32— C. Luther, Ark.

33— A. H. Smith, N. Y.

38— J. E. Houseman, N. W. T.

50— O. J. Westcott, Ills.
- 60— C. B. Parker, Kaus.

62— F. Mc Allister, Mich.

64— F. C. Beall, Tex.

66— J. M. Hatch. Calif.
All prizes were mailed on June 20.

Collecting for an Aquarium.

Collecting for an aquai'ium is great
sport. Equipped with baskets contain-
ing tin pails or preserve jai's, a com-
pany sets out treasure-seeking. Old
clothes must be worn, since sea- water
will spoil new ones; and old shoes, for
salt water ruins leather, and it is neces-
sary to protect your feet from sharp
shells and stones. A slip or two, or
even a tumble, amid the slippery, weed-
covered rocks, will not matter, but onlj*
be provocative of fun and laughter. In
addition to your jars or pails, you must
be armed with an old table-knife, a
hammer, perhaps a chisel, and, neces-
sarily, with a dip-net made of mosquito
netting or some loosely woven material.
Children are the best collectors. They
have not the same instinctive dread of
wetting their feet or hands that older
people have. Extreme low tide is bj'
all odds the best time to go hunting.
"As soon as you reach the beach, Avade
right in to your work; look under the
stones, scoop up with your net the sand
or mud from the bottom of the pools
left by the tide, examine every promis-
ing-looking bunch of sea-weed, and be-
fore the tide comes in you will have ma-
terial enough to stock'forty aquariums.
When your hunt is over, sort your spec-
imens, discard all weak and sickly ani-
mals, and put the healthy ones in flat
earthenware dishes filled with ses-
Avater, where thej' can be examined at
leisure, and the proper ones taken out
and put into tin pails with perforated
lids, aloug with salt water and sea-
weeds, to be carried home for the aqua-
rium."— F7'07n ''Ocean Life in Inkmd
Seas;" DemorcsVs Magazi^ie for July.

THE OOLOGIST

245

GOING TO BUILD?

Send for illustrated catalogue, containing 26
liandsome designs, free. Address Shoppell".s
Modern Houses. 63 Broadway. N. Y. JOt

EGGS^

From the Orient and As.-<ain 'Malakka) In-
dia. Aiistralia. Africa, ttc. correctly named
at moderate price.s. al.so European aiid exotic
Birds skins. HERMANN ROLLE.

Emdener St.. 4. Berlin. N. W.. Germany

STEAM COOKER FREE!

Tlie Tilumpli Cooker witli lock
cover, will cook Meats, Fish. V^eget-
ables. Beans, Brown Bread. Fniit.
Custards, &c, without odor. Fits
any size stove, coil, wood, oil or gas.
Having iron base, it is better and
cheaper than a tin cooker, We send
one cocker free wiili Agent's llrst
Encl.'>se two cent stamp to The Hart-

order.

ford Hollow Ware Co., B. 673. Hartford, Conn.

DPIMTIMI* Of all kinds for Naturalists a
I nllll inU speciality. Note and letter
headri, envelope^*, circulars, illustrated cata-
logues for natural history dealers. Have hun-
dreds of engra\-ings of natural history speci-
mens. Write for estimates. 100 envelopes print-
ed, 4.TC. noteheads same price, postpaid. C. F.
CARR, Job Printer. New London, Wis. tf

IIJiiJ^otGuns

0QC5

H <e^^^ for Price Lis!

SEINES, ''^i^oJx^:

Wonderlul

Revolvers,
Rifles,

'Great Western' _^
OuiiWorks,ritt8bDrgh,?l^

NTS, and

NG C300DS.

Every description of Guns. Revolvers, Ammu-
nition and Sporting Goods at very lowest pric-
es. We have something of interest to ijo".

Try what lO Cents sent
H. Harte, Jeweler,

Rochester, N. Y-, will bring.

New Standard Catalogue

OF

^orth ^'\merican 3'''ds ^ggs

COMPILED BY

FRANK H. LATTIN,

Assisted by Capt. Chas. E. Bendire,

J. Parker Xon-is, Esq., and

the late Capt. B. F. Gois.

It i?lves the Common and scientific name of
«very North American Bird according to the
A. O. U. Nomenclature. It also gives the A. O.
U. Numbers as well as those of both Coues' and
Rldgeway, and last but not least It gives the
value of eggs of nearbj f>v/-?/ species, over one
■hundred of which never appeared on any print-
ed list before.

It Is not a personal catalogue of any one
Dealer or Collector, as there Is not a Collector
In the entire World who has or could furnish
all the species whose values are given, and
there is not a Dealer who could furnish over
Irom 50 to 75 per cent of the species priced.

Price 35 cents per copy. 3 copies tor f i.oo.

F. H. LATTIN & CO., Albion, N. Y.

When answering advertisements
always mention the "OOLOGIST."

H. H. &C.S. BRIMLEY,
COLLECTORS, RALEIGH, N. C.

First-class Bird and Mammal Skins and Eges
Reptiles and Batrachians both alive and in al-
cohol. Full data. Send stamp tor nrice li«ts

THE NAUTILUS.

A monthly devoted to the intesest« of Con-
chologists. Edited and published bv H. A Pils-
bry. Academy of Natural Sciences" and C W
John.son. Wagner Free Institute. Philadelphia'.
Pa Send for sample copy.

SEASHELLS. Coral. Minerals.
. ;•<•'. 3/^> ^^^''^*" Eggs, and Skins, Fossils.
■;VVV V Uu. Naturalists- Supplies. Taxidermy.
■^^^^^^ Catalogue. 2c. C. F. CARR. New
London. Wis.

AGENTS

WANTED. Something new
»i Full particulars. One man
made $27.40 in one dav. One

.^^ ^ lady made $2:2 in one dav.

Address Lock Bo.x 113 A. B. P. CO.. South Beiid

Indiana. Mention OotOGiST.

FRANK B. ARMSTRONG,

TAXIDERMIST,

AXD COLLECTOR AND DEALER IX

Bird and Mammal Skins, Birds Eggs

in fine sets, Reptiles, Mounted Birds

and Animals.
Brownsville, Texas, U. S. A.

BIRDS EQQS
S^£U& _

;k^ CHAS.K.REED, ^^-^"^

^2MamSt. WORCESTER. MASSJiJ^

AN IDEAL FA MILYMEDICIN

For IndigeHtlon, Bilionsnegg,
Headache. C'oimtlpation, Bad
Complexlun, OffenBive Rreath,

and all disorders of the Stomach,

Liver and Bowels.
RIP'ANS- TABULESJ

act (?ently yet promptly. Perfect

digestion follows their use. Sold

by druggrists or sent by mail.

Price 5U cents a box. Address
RIPANS CHEMICAL CO.. 10 Sprnoe St.. W.

Promptly secured. Trade-Marks. CopyriKhts
and Labels registered. Twenty-five years ex-
perience. We report whether patent can be
secured or not, free of charge. Our fee not due
until patent "s allowed. 3;J pajre Book Free.
n' i-^J'-'-SPN & CO.. Attorneys at Law.
Opp. L. 8. Pat. Office. WASHINGTON. D. C,

24fi •' THE OOLOGIST.

orUofM's Fair Book Z.

We take pleasure in anuouucing that we have made anaugenieuts with the

publishers of

THE MAGIO CITY

To supply this celebrated work iu Weekly Parts to the suljscribers of the Oolo-
GIST at the ver}' low price of ten cents per number. It will be issued iu sixteen
consecutive Weekly Parts, each contaiuiug sixteen to twenty magnificent Photo-
graphic Views aud"^ Historical Descriptions of the WOWLD'S l^'AIR and the
MIDWAY PLAISANCE. by the famous American author, Mr. J. W.
Buel. The Photographs are the finest that have ever been offered to the public.
They constitute a splendid series of

Over 300 Views

In Natural Pliotoj^rapli Colors. eml)racing all the wonderful features of
the World's Fair and its surroundings, and the famous Midway Plaisance,
with its curious and interesting character sketches of life in foreign countries and
among wild and curious races of people.

More than $50,000 has been expended in the preparation of this truly mag-
nificent work. The author aud his staff of ai'tists spent nearly the whole summer
at the Fair, collecting historical materials and securng the grandest arrav of
Photographs of the buildings, grounds, exhibits, landscapes, and curious and won-
derful features of the greatest Exposition that human eye ever beheld.

These photographs were taken by real artists — artists of reputation, skilled
iu their profession, who knew how to select points of the greatest interest and
from which the best views could be obtained.

THE MAGIC CITY alone gives the only great Historical representation of the
World's Fair and Midway Plaisance, illustrated with Over 300 Superb Pho-
tographs, comprising'an immense and wonderfully beautiful oblong volume,
11x14 inches iu size.

ONE COUPON AND TEN CENTS GETS IT!

The photographs could not be purchased separately at less than from $.50 to $1.
each. Dealers charge these prices regularly for greatly inferior vicAvs of this size.
Cut out the coupons on the this page aud mail them to the office of the Oologist,
with TEN CENTS each in stamps or silver, aud you will receive as many as you
may order. We charge no postage on parts sent l)y mail.

Coupons for parts Nos. 1 and 2 were printed iu January Oologist; Nos. 3 and
4 iu Februarv. Nos. 1 to 16 in March; Nos. 5 to 8 iu April; and Nos. 9 to 12 iu June.

Coupon for Portfolio No. 13 J i Coupon for Portfolio No. 15 \

The Oologist s Historical Art Series J 5 The Oologist's Historical Art Series J

OF THE it '^^ THE J

World's Fair aud Midwav Plaisance entitled -■ ( World's Fair aud Midway Plaisance entitled J

THE MAGIC CITY i ? THE MAGIC CITY J

Cut out this Coupon and mail to the % % Cut out this Coupon and mail to the I

OOLOGi.sT with teu cents in stamps or sil- % J Oologist with ten cents iu stamps or sil- i

ver. and receive Portfolio No. IH. t ; ver. and receive Portfolio No. l.'>. J

I Coupon for Portfolio No. 14 J l Coupon for Portfolio No. 16 ?

i The Oologist's Historical Art Series i ^ The Or>LO<iiST's Historical Art Series J

a OF THE ; ■■ ' OF THE J

5 World's Fair and Midway Plaisance entitled j ; World's Fair and Midway Plaisance entitled J

I THE MAGIC CITY ? ? THE MAGIC CITY ?

^ Cut out this Coupon aud mail to the sj i Cut out this Coupon and mail to the %

Oologist with ten cents iu stamps or sil- \
ver and receive Porfolio No. 14.

i Oologist with ten cents in stamps or sil- 1
i ver. and receive Portfolio No. It^. ^

THE OOLOGIST.

247

NIAQARA FALLS.

Hundreds of the Headers of the Oologist visit Niagara aunually
and they always make it a point to ^'isit

TUGBY'S NEW MUSEUM.

This new museum is located on Falls street, only a fe v steps from E.
R. Depots — Electric car line passes its entrauce — ami ' c mpies a new
three story baildiug, which cost thousands of dollars to build and fill —
Among the hundreds of attractions within will be found a large and
magnificent collection of Birds and the iaugest collection of bieds
EGGS in a Public Museum in the State. It is a well known fact the
World over that TUGBY of Niagara Falls, N. 1. is Headquarters for
EVERYTHING in the Curio, Specimen, Novelty or Souvenir line pertain-
ing to Niagara.

CATALOGUE

Light Roadster. Weight, 25 lbs.

FREE TO ALL.

Send for one — it will interest you.

In our Six New Models you will find just what you

want. All the latest improvements. All sizes and

prices. Guaranteed to be equal to any, regardless

of price.

flanufacturers and Jobbers

John P. Lovell Arms Co., iSg^S'Jods^'"^''''^'"^"

BOSTON, HASS. AGENTS WANTED— Write for terms.

2^8

THE OOLOGJST.

FOR GUNS'REVDLVERS-RIFLES

AND ALL METALS

Lubricant and Rust Preventative Combined*
P^OR ALL. METAL.S.

It prevents pits in Shot Gun and Rifle Barrels. It keeps metals

bright and free from tarnish and preserves their finish for years.

Heat or Cold docs not affect its consistency.

IT NEVER GUMS OR DRIPS,

an advantage not possessed by any other lubricant in the world.

An indispensible article for all kinds of Fire Arms, Fine Machinery, Gun Locks,.
Bicycles, Camp Kits, Oologists' Instruments, Taxidermists' Instruments, Natur-
alists' Instruments, Surgical Instruments, Embalming Instruments, Cutlerj^
Brass Work on Yachts, Copper ana Steel Plate, &c. In all respects the very best
preparation for any metalic surfaces where a uou-gumming lubricant and rust
preventive are required.

SIX SIZES: Metal Collapsible Tubes, 15 and 25c., 1-4 lb. can
35c., 1-2 lb. can 50c., 1 lb. can 75c. and 5 lb. can $3.00.

Beware of imitations said to be "just as good."

Gunoleum is for sale in nearly all the principle cities in the United States,
following parties buy in quantities and can supply the trade.

The

Henry C. Squire & Son, New York.

A. G. Spaulding & Bros., Xew York, Chicago

and Philadelphia.
R. Liddle & Co., San Francisco, Cal.
Edw. K. Tyron, Jr. & Co., Philadelphia.
Jno. T. Bailey & Co..
Wni. H. Schleigh, Baltimore, Md.
R. H. Jewell & Co. Los Angeles. Cal.
Wm. Read & Sons, Boston, Mass.
A. D. Wilkinson,

Ferdinand & Co., Boston, Mass.

Horn & Paine. Eugene, Oregon.

Bibbins & Sherman, Syracuse. N. Y.

Wm. Prettie & Co.,

Jno P. Lovell Arms Co.. Boston, Mass.

E. H. Keller & Co.. Sheybogan, Wis.

Messrs Spary & Co.. Middleboro. Mass.

Jno. P. Dannefelser, New York City.

Jno. Krieder, Philadelphia.

W. Scott Boyenton, Newport News, Va.

If your dealer does not have Gunoleum, send 25c in stamps for large collapsible
tube by return mail. Address all communications to

THE CHARLES WILLY MFG. CO.,

BAY SHORE, L. I., N. Y., U. S. A.

60c. per Year. ^^

Whole No. 106

VOL. XI. NO. 8. ALBION, N. Y., AUG., 1894.

Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales.

Brief special announcements, "Wants," "Exchanges" "For Sales," Inserted In this department
for .=soc per 3.5 words. Notices over 3,t words, charged at the rate of one cent per each additional
word. No notice Inserted for less than oOc. Terms, cash with order.

"Dealers" can use these columns at Rpgular Advei-tising rates, only.

Strictly First-class specimens will be accepted in payment at one-half list rates.

Exchange cards and Coupons (subscription) wOl be accepted for "Wants" and "Exchanges" only
and according to conditions stated thereon.

EGGS of 130. 1-20. fi4 and 51a to exchange for
eggs not in my collection. Send list. Write
for my hard times prices for cash on any of the
above, (series a speciality). ED. VAN WINK-
LE. Van's Harbor, Mich. Atf

"WANTED.— A Galvanic or Faradic Battery,
strong enough for all medical purposes. Must
be in A 1 condition. Send full description. Can
offer Bii'ds eggs, shells, corals, minerals, or
anvthing in the Natural Historv Line. FRED
D. "SNYDER. Barre Center. N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE.— Arltansas and Lawi-ence's
Goldfinch eggs in sets or singles with data for
sets or singles of other localities. RUFUS R.
BROWN, JR., 528 Echo Park Road, Los Angeles,
Cal.

■ "WANTED.— An esrg cabinet and set of taxi-
dermist tools. "Will give good exchange m
rare eggs from this locality. Send for list. "W.
C. PELTON, Dicl<inson. >f. D.

WANTED. —To exchange sets, books, stamps
and other specimens for a printing press. stamps
and eegs of Sparrow Hawk. Correspondence
•solicited, HENRY BEAUMONT, JR., Box 67,
Nashville. Tenn.

EXCHANGE NOTICE. -*.30 double barreled
shot gun and relics to exchange for eggs in sets,
taxidermist tools, dries' Key. Davie's or Horn-
day's Taxidermv. good cornet. A. H. MILLS,
"VVest Rutland, Vt.

FIRST-CLASS sets and singles of this local-
ity to exchange with collectors of other locali-
ties. Many common eggs desired, WILL D.
GARNETT, Gainesville, Texas.

FOR .S/VLE.— A collection of 1st class eggs,
many rare, catalogue price t-^J. will sell for be.st
offer in cash, list for stamp must be sold, write
quick. GEO. B. I?EXNETT. S. W. Cor. Beach
and Lafayette, Terre Haute. Ind,

FOR lOXCHANGE or Sale.-A fir.st-class re-
ppating Winchester rifle. 18 shots, aS cal. longs.
For cash or best offer of old U. S. coins. A. P.
BREWER, e'5 West Edwards St.. Springfield,
Illinois.

HAVE (800) eight hundred tobacco and cigar-
ette pictures to exchange ror Coccoons, Books
on. and Entomological supplies. WM. NEW-
PORT. 452 Hudson- Ave.. Albany, N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE.— Cal. Eggs in sets with
complete data for eggs from southern and
eastern states. Many common ones wanted.
R. H. ROBERTSON, East Los Angeles, Calif.,
care First Ward Store .

WANTED.— A good multiplying fishing reel
in A 1 condition. Capacity riot less than 100
yards, can offer in exciiange fine sets and sin-
gles. F. C. ELLIOT, Tallahasste, Fla.

BUFF LEGHORNS.— A few Cockerels U.m
each, one cock cost H. for !f3.50 if taken soon.
No pullets. D. F. HALL, 804 N. Division St.,
Creston, Iowa.

FOR SALE or Exchange.— $40 worth of fine
sets, Davie's Nest and Eggs, cloth bound, two
drills, two blow pipes, three emtsryo hooks
with handle for Jio or very best offer. Write
atonce, W. H. HENDERSON, Chanute, Kas.

WANTED.— Quartz crystals, group crystal in-
clusions of all kinds, matrix specimens." agntes,
opals, amethysts, geodes. etc. Curiosities,
stamps, etc. for same or cash. CHAS. S.
CHEVRIER, Trenton, New Jersey.

FOR EXCHANGE. -Eggs of Cal. birds in
sets or 4ingles to exchange for postage stamps.
ROY CALDWELL, Station K, Los Angeles,
Cal.

TO EXCHANGE.— -'C" Clarionet and case,
cost wholesale *3-J. Also 'ii cal. Rifle. Want
good 4x5 Camera. Make best offer. CHAS. H.
DICKINSON. Grand Rapids. Minn.

WANTED.-Egg catiinet and set of tools;
.se''f)nd hand preferred. Will buy or exchange
for same. B. E. GRIFFITHS, 204 South 20th
St. Omaha, Neb.

EXCHANGE NOTICE.— I would like to ex-
change stuffed birds of this state for fresh skins
from other states. Write for list. C. L. STIN-
NER, Williamstown, Dauphin Co.. Penna.

250

THE OOLOGIST.

FOR SALE.— Minerals. Fossils. Curios. In-
dian Relics. Cholca Polished Shells from Wis-
consin rivers, Mazon Creek Fossil Plants and
Insects. '^\iQ finest collection of Polished Coral
in this country. Beautiful Fossil Fish. Cameos.
Gems. Stones, etc. GEO. WILKINSON. Mor-
ris, 111. Jy3t.

TO EXCHANGE.— Birds eggs. Wood's Illus-
trated Natural History, Ornithological papers,
specimens of rosewood and other curios, for
bird's eggs in sets. R. C. OSBURN. 333 W.
Goodale St.. Columbus, Ohio.

BICYCLE.— "Victor" cushion tired safety.
Good as new. Only been ridden few times.
Cost $125 when new. Will sell for best cash
offer above $2.5. Correspondence solicited. All
letters answered. ROBERT MAXWELL, Box
1961 South Bend, Ind.

COLLECTORS Look Here I I will give .5
Goniobcms ]l)'giniaca. G. m. for every perfect
arrow head with locality given, sent me. Every
tenth one answering this will get free a 30 cent
egg. J. G . SMITH, Ripley, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.- -First-class sets of Cal.
Murre with fviU data to exchange for sets not
in my collection. Address ORVILLE C.
PRATT, Fruit Vale Ave., Fruit Vale, Cal.

FOR SALE or Exchange for best ofter sever-
al volumes of Oologist, ' 'Illustrirtes Brief-
marken-JonrnaL" and "American Journal of
Philately" second series; also foreign stamps,
postal cards, envelopes, and paper wrappers;
also a few birds eggs in sets and singles . Can
use cash, choice sets of eggs, and books
pertaining to Natural History. No cards an-
swered. Address DR. MARTIN. Wellington,
Kansas.

ARIZONA Cat^tus bOc each prepaid. Apache
Indian Baskets. |1..5L> each prepaid. P. M.
WILLIAMS. Justice Peace. Maricopa, Pinal
Co.. Arizona.

I HAVE 335 kinds of foreign and native
woods to exchange for woods not in my collec-
tion, I expect 1.50 Japanese woods next fall.
LOUIS W. HAHN, P. O. Box 360, Silver Creek,
■ Chautauqua Co., N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.- 32 cal. Quackenbusch
Rifle used Columbian stamps and eggs in sets
for other 1st class sets with data, sea birds pre-
ferred. R. A. SCHWEER. Denton, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGE.— First-class sets with
data for Hawks, Owls and water birds Nos. 393,
4.52. 461, .587. 674, 390. WM. M. MAULE, Collins,
Lane. Co., Pa.

OCTOBER Nidiologist, also eggs "U" No. 191,
194.201,213,214.231.337, 339 and common eggs
for eggs of Sea Birds and Hawks or good offers.
Coues' Key. new, S7. C. F, STONE. Branch-
port, N. Y.

WANTED.— Sets, especially of Terns.Herons.
Plovers, Rails, Owls. Hummers, Warblers and
Thrushes. Will give sets, list includes 466a,
.539. .586, 594, 611, «23a, etc. also singles, such as
173. 183. -61, 366. 384, 448, 491, .TOa, 567a. 715 and
about 100 others. FRANK WILLARD. Gales-
burg. 111.

EGGS IN SETS.— White-fronted Dove 1-3
30c, St. Domingo Grebe 1-4 9.5c, Sora Rail 1-7 40c
Northwest. Crow 1-4 6.5c, Spotted Sandpiper 1-4
3SC. Arctic Tern 1-3 19c. All prices are for the
full set. 10c extra must be added on all orders
less than 50c. JAMES P. BABBITT, Taunton,
Jlass.

TO EXCHANGE.— Fine field glass, collec-
iou of eggs, trays and books on Oology; value
$15, for shot gun;or rifle of equal value. or cheap
for cash. CHAS. E. CRAM, Vanlue, Ohio.

WANTED.— A good repeating rifle. Double-
barrel shotgun. Wall Tent. Will give good ex-
change in books, revolvers, watches, birds eggs,
coins. Books for eggs. C. B. VANDERCOOK.
Odin, Illinois.

$ 3. 5 O Microscope, 10 A 1 Bird Skins. $5
taxidermist case. 87 pairs of glass eyes, stuffing
forceps, wire cutters, tweezers, spool andburch
wire, for Maynard's "Birds of Eastern North
America. ROBT. McLAIN. Elm Grove, Ohio
Co., W. Va.

TO EXCHANGE —39 volumes of Naturalists
Library edited by Sir William Jardine Bart.
Beautifully illustrated colored plates of birds
and eggs, and an autograph of all the great
naturalists on front page. Only a few sets in
United States. A complete library in itself.
Cost $45. Exchange for pedigree dogs of any
breed or good dog. or anj^hing useful. Send
your lists. A. MCDONALD, 739 E. Houston St.
San Antonio. Texas.

WANTED.— Modern Indian relics. Will give
in exchange first-class sets and singles of A. O.
U. No's 301. 213. 314. 373, 316. 337, 387, 388, 413, 438,
444, 456, 461, 466a,474b, 477, 48S, .507. 511„539.540,581,
598, 612, 613, .501, 633a, 641, 6.53, 6.59, 658, 704, 7.5.5.
756, 761, 766, with data. I also want some good
singles of most any species not listed above.
All letters answered. W, J. WIRT, Box 137,
Gaines, Orleans Co., N. Y.

EGGS.— Set and Singles. The following first
class Texas and Arizona eggs, carefully iden-
tified, with data, for sale. The eggs are not
common but rare and desirable and become
more so each year. You should at least obtain
one nice set for your cabinet. I guarantee sat-
isfaction and safe delivery. If eggs do not
prove entirely satisfactory, kindly return them
and I will cheerfully refund the 'money I
will send eggs on approval to pi-ominent and
reliable parties, or to those who send good re-
ference. Sets. White-fronted Dove 3 in set.l.5c
perege: White- winged Dove 3, 13c; Krider's
Hawk'S-S. 80c; Audubon's Cararcara Eagle 2.
90c ; Scissor-tailed Flycatcher 5-4. 5c : Western
Lark Sparrow 4-5, 3c ; Mockingbird 4-5, 3c. I
have singles of the above and of the following ;
Singles. Killdeer 10c. Scaled Partridge 35c,
Black Vulture 60c, Western Night-hawk 30c,
Am. Raven 8uc. Arizona Cardinal 4.5c. Eggs
sent post-paid when order amounts to $1 or
over, furthermore I will allow 10 per cent dis-
count on $3 ; 15 per cent, on $6 or more. H.
SAYLES. JR., Abilene, Texas.

"IT SEEMS TO ME that everybody ought to
have your magazine. I would gladly pay twice
the subscription price and think I had the best
of it then." So writes a prominent ornitholog-
ist of the yidiolorjist. If you would know why,
send 10c for sample copy and you will be
charmed with the illustrations and articles.
Subscription only one dollar. July number
contains: "A Cormorant's Rookery" (illus-
trated), "Among the California Clapper Rail'"
(illustrated), illustration of nest of Orange-
crowned Warbler, etc. Of special interest is
the standard price list of nests, by Western Or-
nithologists. We reach best collectors. To
advertise its value we have decided to make
our exchange column free without limit during
Fall to subscribers: all others .50c each insertion.
Subscribe now : H. R. TAYLOR. Editor and
Publisher. Alameda. Cal. or ROSS TAYLOR.
150 Fifth Avenue, New York.

THE OOLOGIST

251

MRS. A. ME ARES will send postpaid lovari-
•eties sea shells for 35c. Send for lara;e list of
marine shells and curios. MRS. A. S. MEARES,
John's Pass, Fla.

FOR SALE atij catalogue rates. 6 1-4 l-.5,n8 1-4
191 1-4 3-3,197 2-4,lV)9 1-4,200 1-5 3-4 1-3.201 1-3,818 1-4,
819 1-7 1-5, '--Sgal-U 1-7. 3(50 1-4, 373a 1-3 1-2, 409 1-4.
410 1-7 1-4.416 1-2.4.53 1-5 1-3. 477a 1-5 2-4 1-3. 501
1-4, 587a 1-2. 608 1-3, 703 3-4. 707 3-3. 727b 1-3. 326 1-2
1-1. 395 1-3. Also have singles and all are first-
class. F. C. ELLIOT, Tallahassee. Fla.

"MEfHODS IN THE ART OF TAXIDERMY" by

Davie. Costs $10 cash per copy and is well worth
the money. I have a few copies which I will
entertain good offers on the bassis of )4 cash
and 'o exchange. If you have $5 cash and $5
worth of almost anything (no trash) desirable,
to give for a copy, I shall be pleased to hear
from vou at once. FRANK H. LATTIN, Al-
bion, N, Y.

FOR EXCHANGE. Am. Eared Grebe 1-4 1-6
1-8. St. Domingo Grebe 1-3 1-4, Iceland Gull 1-2,
Am. Herring Gull 1-3. Terns— Royal 1-3 1-4. Ros-
■erte 1-2, Cabot's 1-3 1-3. Common 1-3 1-3, Sooty
M, Bridled 1-1, Black 1-3 1-3, Noddy 1-1. Audu-
bon's Shearwater 1-1, Yellow-billed Tropic Bird
1-1, Leach's Petrel 1-1, Booby 1-2, Blue-winged
Teal 1-7 1-11. Shoveller 1-6 MO Ml, Pintail 1-3
1-7, Canvas-back 1-3, Sooty Grouse 1-5, Lea.st
Bittern 1-4 1-5 1-6, Gt. Blue Heron 1-3 1-4, Limp-
kin 1-6. Va. Rail 1-7 1-8 1-9, Sora 1-7 1-9 Ml, Flor-
ida Gallinule 1-7 1-8 1-10, Am. Coot 1-6 1-8. Bart.
Sandpiper 1-4. Spotted Sandpiper 1-4, Bob-white
1-8 MO. White-crowned Pigeon 1-2, Miss. Kite
1-2, Harris' Hawk 1-3. Red-tailed Hawk 1-2 1-3,
B'lk-billed Cuckoo 1-4, Long-billed Marsh Wren
1-4 1-5, Bobolink 1-4 1-6, Meadow Lark 1-4 1-5,
W. Meadow Lark 1-5, Bronzed Grackle 1-4 1-5,
Rose-breasted Grosbeak 1-3, Yellow-headed B.
B. 1-4 1-5 1-6. Scissor-tailed Flycatcher 1-4 Or-
chai-d Oriole 1-4 1-5. Painted Bunting 1-4, Para-
sitic Jaeger 1-2, Cliff Swallow 1-4 1-5 1-6, Bank
Swallow 1-4. I especially desire sets of the fol-
lowing: 7.83.84.135.136.133. 144, 1.59. 160, 183,
184, 18.5, 186, 187, 304, 205, 206, 218. 228. 280, 286. ii98,
300. 337. 328, 832. .334. 353, .355, 3.56, 365, 372 and 379.
Will give exceptionally good offers for auv of
above. CHAS. M. ELDREDGE. 314 Chamber
of Commerce, Chicago.

look: stop I Any person sending me a
3c. stamp xinused and 25 Columbian stamus
used, anv kind, will receive in return a' Moon-
stone in its rough state. C. M. HATFIELD,
Los Angeles, California.

My ads. in July Oologist are paying well
and am well pleased. Will pi-obably send In
my ads. in a few days for Aug. James Odell.
Jr., Austin, Texas.

TO EXCHANGE.— Collection ol 50 named
minerals, shells, fossils and Indian relics @
$1.35. Fine specimens of copper ore in calcite,
agatized woods and minerals; also Indian rel-
ics, shells and fossils. I want line minerals,
Ind. rel. and curios. Will exchange any of the
above for fine singles of eggs, want both com-
mon and scarce. Send full list of what you
have. GEO. W. DIXON, Watertown. S, D.

FRANK B. ARMSTRONG,

TAXIDERMIST,

AND COLIiECTOK AND DEALER IN

Bird and Mammal Skins, Birds Eggs

in fine sets, Reptiles, Mounted Birds

and Animals.
Brownsville, Texas, U, S. A.

THE NAUTILUS.

A monthly devoted to the intesests of Con-
chologists. Edited and published by H. A. Pila-
bry. Academy of Natural Sciences and C. W.
Johnson, Wagner Free Institute, Philadelphia,
Pa. Send for sample copy.

WANTED. Something new
Full particulars. One man
made $27.40 in one day. One
lady made S23 In one day.
Address Lock Box 113 A. B. P, CO., South Bend
Indiana. Mention Oologist.

When answering advertisements
alwaysmention the "OOLOGIST."

AGENTS

Dissolution Notice.

Notice is hereby given that the partnership
lately existinor between Frank H. Lattin and
Walter F. Webb, under the firm name of
F. H. Lattin & Co., was dissolved on the 31st
day of July, A. D., 1894, by mutual consent.

Frank H. Lattin,
Walter F. Webb,

253

THE OOLOGJST

SRND FOR IT!

rrroMPOUND OxYGEN— Its Mode of Action and
\ Results.'"— is the title of a book of 2W
pages. published by Drs. Starkey & Palen, which
giyes to all inquirers full information as to this
I'eniarkable curative agent, and a record of sur-
prising cui-es in a wide range of chronic cases-
many of them after being abandoned to die by
other phy.siciaus. Will be mailed free to any
address on application.

DRS. STARKEY & PALEN.

1529 Arch St., Phila., Pa. 120 Sutter St., S. Fran'co.Cal.

Please mention the Oologist.

fASH FOR STAMPS!

I buy collections, or

I I - -- lots: Foreign or U.S.

\J Look up your old letters from !S4.t to ISTO.
Many of later date also valuable. Send
samples and I will state prices I can pay for
them. Refer to •■Lattin." Address

A3t.

P. G. MARCH,

Fern Bank, O.

STEAM COOKER FREE!

The Tilumph cooker with lock
cover, will cook Meats, Fish. Veget-
ables. Beans, Brown Bread, Fruit,
Custards, &c. without odor. Fits
any size stove, cowl, wood, oil or gas.
Having Iron base, it is better aucl
cheaper than .i tin conker. We send
one c;ocker free wlUi Agent's first
order Enclose two cent stamp to The Hart-
ford Hollow Ware Co., B. 673, Hartford, (.onn.

DDIMTBMi* Of all kinds for Naturalists a.
rnin I InU speciality. Note and letter
heads, envelope^, circulars, illustrated cata-
logues for natural history dealers. Have hun-
dreds of engravings of natural history speci-
mens. Write for estimates. 100 envelopes print-
ed, 4.=ic. noteheads same piice. postpaid. C. F,
CARR. .lob Printer. New London. Wis. tf

H. H. &C. S. BRIMLEY,
COLLECTORS, RALEIGH, N.C.

First-class Bird and Mammal Skins and Eggs,
Reptiles and Batrachians both alive and in al-
cohol. Full data. Send stamp for price lists.

jn T -I— > i-~\ <-> CiX^TlSTCiT "Never before has the Art of Taxid-

^->^^^^-^'^=> ^OJfVlXXC=>! pi-niy had its practical methods aud

A large lot for sale at wholesale rates. All beauties portrayed as we fiud inter-

skms are hrst-class with data, aud will be sent ,->,.ofoH 5n Vhia w/,i-l- "

postpaid on receipt of price. jjieteu lu luis wuik.

Anna's Hummer $ .2,')

wfwood Pewee..7.r./.;;.'.;;'.7y./...'..v.v.'.'.'.v.v.v..v. ' .'lo M ET H O DS

House Finch 13 .., t,„,. . „„ ,.^

Arkansas Goldfinch 10 ^-^ ^"^ '^^^ ^*

Oregon Junco 1.5 --— , » -m/- ■ r^ r^ ■— * m. ya -m r

^^'^"''^=-==--=- 'i TAXIDERMY,

Black headed GroslDeak !lo UV

Lazuli Bunting .15

Yellow Warbler ■.".■::::::::;::.::.■:.".■;;:;: .10 OLIVER DAVIE.

Long-tailed Chat 1.5 v/li w i.^r> t^/ i w il^.

Plain Tit .18 Author of "Nests aud Eggs of North

Russetbacked Thrush ..15 American Birds," etc.

Western Robm.. . .15

Dwarf Thrush 15 Containing Ninety Full Page Engravings, over

Audubon's Warbler 15 Five Hundred Figures minutely illustrating

Golden-crowned Sparrow 15 the most practical methods practiced in the art.

Rubv-crowned Kinglet 1.5 It teaches in detail, step by step, the Skinning

Price list of Birds Eggs sent on application. ^^^ Stuffing of Birds, Mammals. Crustaceans.

Address all orders to Fishes and Reptiles, together with Illustrations

F. T. CORLESS, LOS GATOS CALIF. o^ forms and Attitudes of the Animal Kingdom.

\rrvTTnxr r>-,T -,^Tc The text is bv OLIVER Davie, who has made

•Ht.Miuis ooi.oGiST. Taxidermy his life study and profession. The

. originals of the illustrations were made in In-

c^r/^i^ifr ^^^^ ^^^^ from time to time as the actual subjects

o I L/lNtL could be obtained from which to make the va-
rious procedures. They were drawn by the

T1VTT\T A AT DPTTriCt eminent Bird and Mamnial Artist. Theodore

iill/iAil IlIliLivljl Jasper, A. M.. M. D., whose experience In the

Art of Taxidermy extends over a period of flf-

On approval by mail. Give reference. A few ty years. Every illustration by this artist is a

cents expense to see a variety from many States tror/c of art. Among these engravings are re-

I pav postage one way on arrow and spear productions from photographs of actual work

points. Largest Stock, Largest Variety, by American Taxidermists. Each Copy of this

AND Finest in the West. Buckskin Relics book is enclosed in box for shipment and is

Weapons, Minerals, Fossils, Shells. Agates' sent iJ/v/iairf upon receipt of price.
Curios. Catalogue with prices for stamp.
BLACK HILLS NATURAL HISTORY ES-
TABLISHMENT, Dead wood, S. D.

EGGS.

From the Orient and Assam ^Malakka) In-
dia. Australia, Africa, etc.. correctly named
at moderate prices, also European and exotic
Birds skins. HERMANN ROLLE,

Emdener St., A, Berlin, N. W., Germany

In one Quarto Volume, Silk
Cloth, Gilt Top, Untrimmed
Edges, $10.

FRANK H. LATTIN,

Publisher of THE OOLOGIST,

Albion, N. Y.

The Oologist.

YOL. XI. NO. 8.

ALBION, N. Y., AUG., 1894

Whole No. 106

Nesting of the "Western Gull.

The Western Gull, or as it is some-
times called, the Western Herring Gull,
is a very abundant resident on this sec-
tion of the Pacitic coast, half \Vay be-
tween San Francisco and San Diego,
and so far as I know is the only Gull
permanently remaining here, although
we see others during the summer.

There is one very wild section of
coast not far from here where I had
often been told that the Gulls could be
seen nesting on islands not more than
a stoie's throw away, but that it was
impossible to reach them. Before this
season I had not been able to visit this
locality, but this j'ear luck favored me
and I was camped with a party of sur-
veyor friends not more than eight or
nine miles from it. I was not idle here
and possessed myself of a set of ten
California Quail and a rotten single
Marsh Hawk, and also discovered
Bank Swallows nesting in large num-
bers, though most of the nests contained
young or ball}' incubated eggs.

On the morning of June 1st I at last
started out with a friend on a trip for
Gull's eggs. For the first two miles we
had hard pulling through dry sand, but
soon we struck better roads, which led
through a bench about a quarter of a
mile wide between the mountains and
cliffs. After about four miles of this
we began to see the islands, which are
caused in a peculiar way; the ocean has
cut channels into the land leaving is-
lands about forty feet aljove the beaches
on the same level as the surface of the
mainland. At the bottom they are
composed of a soft rock (as also are the
clitTs of the mainland) which makes
climbing almost impossible, and furn-
ishes nesting places for large numbers
•of Cormoi'ants. At the top the islands

are of dirt with grass growing on it
and the Gulls may be seen on almost
all of them sitting on their nests.

We discovered a colon}' of live or six
Baird's Cormorants nesting on the
cliffs and went to cut a pole to get
some, and while passing a projecting
point of the mainland that ran out into
the beach we noticed a ladder stuck
across the mouth of a cave that ran in-
to the point. WMth the pole which we
got, a sinall bag and a piece of wire
from a convenient fence, we procurred
two sets of three each of Baird's Cor-
moi'ant. These birds are easily dis-
tinguished by their conspicuous white
flank patches and by the small size of
the eggs. The eggs are lined with
green and covered with a lime coating
which shows blue in thin places. They
often lay four eggs, but all the nests I
saw that day contained three, and the
ones I got were incubated slightly; I
find the measui'ements to average 2.20x
1.43. The fishermen call Cormorants,
Shags, and I believe that more than one
species nest here, possibly not on the
elite's as Baird's prefers to do, but on a
certain large rock in San Lius Bay
which I have in mind and intend to in-
vestigate as soon as possible.

W^e now concluded to see about that
ladder. After a tough scramble and
slide we reached the rocky beach and
found the ladder of which we had seen
the end laid about four feet high across
the cave, each end being placed in a
hole to keep it from being washed
away. Not more than twenty feet
away across the naiTow beach was au
island from the top of which dangled a
piece of rawhide rope reaching half
way down. The ladder was a piece of
scantling about twenty-five feet long
with strips nailed across it, By setting
the ladder at the foot of the cliff it

254

THE OOLOGIST.

rested iu a natural gully in the side of
the cliff and "was kept steady. From
the top of the ladder we could reach
the rope and with the help of an occas-
ional toe-hold got to the top. Here we
found the object of our search — two
sets of three Western Gull and two of
two each besides leaving several sin-
gles, the nests were excavated in the
dirt several inches and made of grass,
weed stalks and sea-grass not vei\y
deeply cupped, although when seen
from a little distance the Gulls setting
on the nests are half hidden. There
were some new nests not j'et laid iu
and some old ones not occupied, !?o
that it would seem that they do not, as
Davie states, always use the same nest
from year to year. This might be dif-
ferent, however, where the nest is
placed on a rock, and I have known a
single Gull to nest on small rock (in the
surf and impossible to get at) every
year for several years past.

The uniformity in shape and coloring
between eggs of the same set is some-
thing remarkable.

Setl. Slightly incubated. All the
eggs of this set are of a light neutral
ground color, less thickly spotted with
dark brown than any of the other sets.
The spots are rounder and not so much
in the shape of blotches. In shape
they ai'e rounder at the lai'ge end and
more pointed. All the eggs have dark
shell markings. 2.76x2.03, 2.78x1.97,
2.81x2.05.

Set 2. Slightly incubated. Olive
ground color. Egg 1 has lai'ge spots
not very thickly disti-ibuted; egg 2 has
spots and lengthy scrawls; egg 8 has
small and thick spots. 2.79x1.91, 2.84x
1.87, 2.85x1.93.

Set 3. Not noticeably incubated.
Egg 1 has a clear olive ground color
with very small and thick spots; Qgg 2
olive with larger spots and blotches.
2.90x1.96, 2.89x1.91.

Set 4. Not noticeablj' incubated.
Egg 1 is very dark with medium sized

spots; egg 2 is lighter with spots not so-
thick. 2.83x1.91, 2.86x1.92.

I also find the Pigeon Guillemot nest-
ing here in holes in the sides of cliffs-
and caves from eight to twenty-live feet
above water. Some times the holes,
are very hard to get into. When rob-
bed tlie birds will immediately lay
again. On May 12th I took a partially
incubffted set from a hole in a cave and
on June 11th another in the same con-
dition. Often two nests wilU be within
two or three feet of each other. The-
eggs are light green with black spots
usually forming a ring around the large
end. Often one egg of a set will be of
a decided green and the other almost
white. A specimen set measures: 2.49
xl.70, 2.37x1.64.

Whoever he was, whatever his ob-
ject, and however he managed to reach,
the top, the man who made that island
accessible has my siucerest gratitude.

N. M. MORAN,

San Luis Obispo, Cal.

The First Day of June, '94-

It seemed a poor day to do anything
out of doors. There had been a succes-
sion of rainy days, and the sky was
just commencing to clear up in a
showery, desultory fashion. One min-
ute it would rain, and the next the sun
shone bright and uncomfortably warm.
But as I could not work such a day I
concluded it would be the best chance
I might get in a long time to take a col-
lecting trip to a tract of brush and
waste land I wished to visit, and so it
proved. Therefore I got a friend of
mine, who, though he seldom finds a
good nest himself, is a great help some-
times in procuring nests in more or less
inaccessible positions; gathered up my
boxes and other necessary adjuncts
and started out.

Of course we laid out our route to in-
clude as many favorable places for

THE OOLOGIST.

255

birds uests as possible on our way
there.

Well, we crossed two meadows, and
atter resting ourselves on a rail fence
to consider the best route to Black
Creek, we jumped off the fence into
the third meadow. We had hardly
struck the gi'ound before a female Bob-
olink fluttered up from our feet and
feigning a broken wing tried to lead us
from her nest An instant's search re-
warded us with a set of six finely
marked eggs from a slight nest of dead
grass placed between two stalks of
white-weed. We must have surprised
her very much as they are seldom
Hushed, usually running off the nest
and rising at some distance, r making
their nests hard to locate.

From here we soon reached the
Creek. The very first thing I found
nests of Yellow Warbler and Catbird,
but as my collection comprises as many
sets of these as I desire, I left them to
the old birds, who were expressing
their displeasure at my presence by
a great deal of noise, mostly made by
the Catbirds. Starting up creek to the
west I had gotten about half way to my
destination when I flushed a Yellow
Warbler from her nest in a small wil-
low, and on looking in from mere curi-
osity , I noticed something peculiar
about the bottom of the nest under the
five eggs it contained. On closer in-
spection I found that the old bird in-
stead of building the usual double nest,
to cover up two Cowbird's eggs, had
simply relined the nest, an unusual
proceeding in my experience, and the
lining had settled unt'l half of each egg
stuck up in the nest. Certainly a queer
looking affair.

From here proceetled on up the creek
until we reached the tract I spoke of, a
deserted clearing of some 20 acres,
overgrown with shrubs, weeds, etc.,
and close to a forest of like size border-
ing on the creek. I have found many
nice sets here in former years.

We had gone but a short distance
when I saw a suspicious looking spot in
the top of a thorn bush. It proved to
be a shallow ne^;t of rootlets and while
we stood looking at the thorns a male
Rose-breasted Grosbeak flew over our
heads with a warning call to his mate.
She, however, did not appear. We fin-
ally succeeded in getting the nest down
whole and found four fresh eggs. The
ground color was the lightest I have
ever seen. In fact, they looked much
like the eggs of the western Black-
headed Grosbeak.

A little way further and I heard a
rustle as a Wilson's Thrush darted from
under me and flitted into a thicket,
Having had some experience with this
bird before, I did not step around look-
ing for the nest. I staid in my tracks
aud searched the ground and weeds
under me until I found the nest, placed
between two small shrubs, some ten
inches above the ground and well con-
cealed under weeds. It is nearly al-
ways that way wit.i this bird. If you
take a single step after flushing the bird
you may put your foot right on the
nest, they let you get so close.

1 found two other nests this same day
one of them under exactly the same
circumstances and in a similar situa-
tion; the ether was on the end of a
branch growing over a puddle of water
and I stepped on the other end. Of
course she didn't wait for me to get
any nearer. All contained four eggs
and incubation commenced. It is the
first of the Thrushes to nest here.

1 now began to search for Redstarts'
nests which I had found here on pre-
vious trips. Suddenly I heard my
friend exclaim, "Oh! what's that?" I
found him gazing on a female Chestnut-
sided Warbler sitting on the nest, in
a small maple about three feet high.
On scaring her from the nest I got a
set of three fresh eggs. If I could have
left them another day, I would probab-
ly have got another egg. A few min-

256

THE OOLOGIST.

utes later I found another nest of this
species. It was in a sapling some eight
feet high, and as there was nothing
near by stout enough to hold me I had
to cut down the sapling, when I found
the nest to contain two eggs of the
Warbler and one of the Cowbird. This
is the only place near here where I
hare fonnd this Warbler breeding. In
1891 I took a set of three with Cowbird
near where I found my second nest on
this trip.

We now moved closer to the edge
of the forest where my friend
and I, each found a nest and four eggs
of the Am. Redstart within five min-
utes. Both nests were built near the
ground in saplings, and incubation was
just commenced. Soon after we found
another nest just ready for the eggs.

On going into the forest a little way
I secured three eggs of the Red-eyed
Vireo fi'om a beautiful nest hung on un-
der side of a horizontal beech limb.
The nests of this bird are common there,
but, on account of the Cowbird, many
are deserted. • I once found a nest con-
taining four eggs laid, I should judge,
l)y the coloration.by as many Cowbirds.
Am glad to say the bird was not sitting
on them. It is safe to assume that she
had at least one Cowbird's egg in her
other nest.

After leaving a nest of the Indigu
Bunting, which contained no eggs as
yet, we went back into the clearing
where I found an incomplete set of two
eggs of the Oven-bird. Nest a neat,
arched structure of grass-stems. rootlets,
etc, buried half way in the dead leaves.
The eggs were beauties and was sorry I
did not get a full set. Near here I
found a space where a number of thorn
bushes grew, and Catbirds were nesting
in abundance. Nests with four and five
eggs, probably much incubated, being
found on every hand. Taking one extra
fine set of four we concluded that, as
we were soaked through by the wet
leaves and grass, and it was already

past noon, we would start for dinner,
which I ate at 2 p. m., six hours from
the time we started. After dinner I
spent a busy afternoon getting my spec-
imens in shape for the cabinet, though,
fortunately none were badly incubated.
This is my tirst record for the Oven-bird
though I have known that it nested
here for a long while back

Two weeks later 1 found my third
nest of Hermit Thrush, identification
positive. It contained two eggs of the
Thrush and one of the Cowbird. The
bird was sitting on the nest and staid
close by while I packed the eggs. Nest
composed almost entirely of dead
leaves with a few strips of grape-vine
bark and placed in sapling three feet
from ground.

Earnest H. Short,
Chili, N. Y.

Fox vs. Crows.
Seeing the article of Fox vs. Crows in
the July number of the Oologist re-
minds me of a similar instance that I
witnessed March 25th, 1893. There
were a large number of Crows after a
Red Fox. The Fox sneaked along and
hid under everj?^ log it came to. Every
time the Fox showed itself the Crows
would dive at it, and set up a great
hubbub, the Fox soon saw me and ran,
and the Crows followed for a little dis-
vance. Crows will follow Hawks, Owls
or Eagles on every occasion, especially
Owls, but this is the only instance I
know of their lighting a Fox.

R. B. SiMPSOX,
Warren, Penna.

Chas.K. Reed, of Worcester, Mass.,
has gone to Greenland with an explor-
ation party, and is now hovering about
the North Pole, securing a fine series
of Walrus, Esquimaux and Polar Bear
for the holiday trade. — Ii's needless to
add that all will be artistically dis-
played under the Oval Convex Glass
Shades,

THE OOLOGIST.

257-

Nesting Habits of the Killdeer.

BY DIDYMUS.

The Killdeer Plovei' arrives in South-
ern Michigan in Mai'ch geuei'ally, but
sonietimes it is seen or heard in Febru-
ary. It is also not rarely seen in De-
cember, but as a rule the birds are only
here in numbers a little o^er eight
months in the year.

This familiar and well known bird is
quite generally a favorite and there are
few persons in the country who are not
acquainted with it. The Killdeer is
rarely seen on high and sandy soil, ex-
cepting during migrations, at which
time the Hying birds pass over all sec-
tions, and alwaj's make their presence
known by their vociferous notes. In
selecting a summer home its wants are
quite diflfereut from the other small
waders. Not liking the grassy sec-
tions like the Spotted Sandpiper, it se-
lects more open spots and nothing
seems as acceptable as a low moist
stubble field or a shelving gravelly spot
near a marsh. The Killdeer is rarely
or never found in fields well covered
with thick grass, nor is it much given
to haunting the" shores of ponds and
lakes during nesting, although often
found there later in the season.

I believe this Plover usually begins
nesting in early May, but often the
eggs are laid by April fifteenth or
earlier, and I should not be greatly
surprised to find a set of eggs in March
some early season. Again the eggs are
found in June and these finds are not
second nestings, as it is not thought
that the waders rear second broods,
but it is quit9 probable that the birds
have been broken up in h(Hisekeeping
.the first time.

A few notes taken at random from
my observations may be of interest to
your readers: March 1.5, 1873 — Saw
several; the snow has not yet gone.
May 27, 1874— Found three little birds

about four days old. March 9, 1878—
First seen this season. June 27, 1877 —
Four eggs incubated about a week.
May 8, 1879 — Found two young four to
six days old. May 25, 1879— A friend
took four fresh eggs in a cornfield.
April 1, 1885— Observed first one. The
snow is still three feet deep in places,
and it is a very backward spring.
June 1, 1882 — Heard one at midnight
when it is raining hard; why is it mi-
grating now?

The Killdeer usually migrates at
night; in fact all of the smaller waders
do, and I am not sure that this time is
not selected by nearly or quite all spe-
cies of birds, excepting perhaps the
geese at times, and the seed-eaters, as
the Northern Grosbeaks and Crossbills,
which move about in winter. But of
the birds which pass noi'th in the
spring, I believe that all move at night
generally with the exception of the
Hawk,. Wild Pigeon, Turtle Dove,King-
fisher and Swallow. Often, when in
the country, I have heard the lively
notes of this bird in the dead of night, ,
and have known it to fly over the city
in its x'amblings. In July, August and
September it is not rare to hear this .
bii'd as it feeds on the shores of lakes
at all hours of the night at favorable
times.

In the spring migration, this species, .
like others of the small waders,strange-
ly enough, selects cloudy nights for its
movements. At least this is nearly al-
ways so, if we are to judge from the
notes, our only means of observation.
One rarely hears a note from a Killdeer,
Snipe or Sandpiper if the moon is shin-
ing during migrations, whereas a
cloudy night in late April is always
marked for its many notes of these
waders in the air.

The birds having mated, or going
through all the appearance of mating
after much demonstration, select a site
for their eggs. I think that' most birds
of this size and largei', are mated for

258

THE OOLOGIST.

all time, and are therefore solid with
their partners; still there is the same
amount of courting each season, even
among birds which have nested regu-
larly in the same localitj^ for j-ears.

Perhaps as the birds have no nests to
build they make up in courting tlie usu-
al time spent by other birds in nest-
building. At last a slight hollow being
■chosen, four eggs are laid on the bare
ground. Not the slightest evidence of
preparation is shown, although some
collectors claim that the hollow is scrap-
ed out by the birds.

The eggs, four in number, are mark-
edly pyriform, and are invariably laid
with the four smaller ends together in
the center of the slight depression.
This arrangement of the Killdeer's
eggs is a custom adopted by all the rep-
resentatives of the Snipe and Plover
families so far as I know. It is for a
pui-pose and the position is to meet the
requirements of the incubating bird.
The eggs of all these birds are propor-
tionately exceedingly large for the size
of the bird, and the arrangement un-
doubedly serves a purpose. It is hard-
ly fair to say that instinct assists the
bird in the arrangement of its eggs,
and I prefer to admit that the bird
reasons. At least I am satisfied that
this is the case. For if the eggs are
displaced in the depression it will be
found that they have been rearranged
in some instances by the bird within a
few hours.

It is impossible to offer a solution to
this problem, if we may call it so, un-
less, suggested that it is a wise provis-
ion, governed by Avise ruling power,
which so ordains the arrangement
which best admits of the bird's cover-
ing them thorou'rhly.

It is fair to doubt if the Killdeer or
:any other of this order of birds could
properly cover the four eggs if they
were ai-ranged in any other position
than that in which they are found,
with the four smaller ends in the cen-

ter. These birds have proportionately
small bodies and are not provided with
loose, fluffy feathers, so well supplied
to the grouse and other birds which lay
many eggs. With the Killdeer the
bared abdomen fits down into the group
of four eggs, and the heat, so essential,
is equally distributed. It is safe to say
that by no possible means in the power
of the bird could the tifth egg be hatch-
ed.

It is a very easy matter to find the
neighborhood of a nest, for a pair of
birds will attempt io draw off a col-
lector before he is within forty rods of
the exact spot. In fact I have some-
times found it difficult to locate the
field in which the nest was situated.
Often in neighborhoods where strollers
are common, and the dangers of annoy-
ance greater, a pair of nesting birds
will attempt to decoj' a collector long
before he reaches the ffeld. I have
often had a bird or a pair use their
powei's of allurement on me when I
was still quite one hundred rods from
the nest.

These efforts not rarely succeed even
with advanced collectors, for the col-
lector thinks that he knows where to
look. But he don't and will eventually
find that the best means of discovering
the nest is by carefully' watching the
birds after they have given over their
deceiving movements.

A favorite location for the eggs is on
a gravelly ridge in an open field. Or
again in a cultivated, often a corn field.
The eggs are very difficult to find as
their spotted appearance lends an ad-
ditional means of concealment, and it
is to be doubted if a nest would be
found if the birds did not assist. But the
Aociferations of a pair are so marked
when a nest is approached closely that
the scent is rai'ely mistaken.

Though gregarious in spring and aut-
umn, the Killdeer rarely, if ever,
breeds in colonies. I have never seen
an instance of the kind and have only
once recorded two nests in a field.

THE OOLO^tIST.

259'

The 3'oung are beautiful liltle puffs
of down, and are so characteristically
marked that their parentage is at once
suggested at sight. Within a day or
two the young leave their home in the
hollow and quickly lose their reckon-
ing and within a week can run about
the fields and can elude any but a de-
termined follower.

In the late summer and fall the fam-
ilies of birds, from four to six, may be
seen feeding together on the mai'shes,
low fields and borders of lakes and
ponds.

The Thrasher's Song.

The ears of a pedestrian wandering
among the wooded hills and valleys af
Southern California, will suddenly be
greeted with the loud clear notes of a
hidden songster. If he be inclined to
notice these manifestations of rural life,
his attention will be attracted by this
melody, and he will desire to see the
author of it. Upon approaching the
hiding place of the minstrel, the song
will abruptly cease and the observer
may catch a glimpse of a di-ab colored
bird as it flies hastily from the thickh^
foliaged tree in which it was secreted.

If the wanderer is accustomed to the
habits of the California Thrasher, for
this is the bird he is endeavoring to
discover, he will remain quietly where
he is lest his movements will disturb
the other songsters of the locality,
and soon the song will burst forth
anew from a different quarter. Pres-
ently this song is answered by another
bii'd, and then another, until several of
these sweet woodland musicians are
engaged in a generous rivalry of song
in Avhich the participants become so ab-
sorrjed that the presence of an intruder
is not noticed. Xow the observer may
venture to approach one of the song-
sters. The grass-carpeted ground so
deadens the tread that he may steal
noislessly up behind an Intervening

shrub and through its foliage catch a.
sight of the Thrasher pouring forth his
sweet song from the topmost limb of a
neighboring tree.

The Thrashers frequent the wooded
hillsides and valleys of the coast region
of the southern part of the state of
California, p.nd are especially abundant
in the vicinity of Santa Barbara. Here-
the grassy sides of the hills are covered
with clumps of trees, the intervals be-
tween being occupied by patches of
shrubs and plots of flowers. Here also
occur giant live oaks which lift their
leafy canopies high above the earth and
throw the ground belov into a dense
shade into which the light scarcely pen-
etrates. Yet these shady retreats are
ovei'grown with a dense mass of herb-
age, and wherever the light enters the
vegetation grows in rank profusion.

It would be difficult to find a spot
more conducive to bird life. The trees
above are alive with arboreal birds,
every field and open upland teems with
the more terrestrial while about the
shaded pools of the small streams and
over the bosom of the mild Pacific
hover numbers of the aquatic.

During the spring these places are
the scenes of great activity. The air
resounds with the varied strains of the
feathered songsters. The sweet music,
like a river of song, floods the vales
and surges through the gorges, its rip-
pling accents breaking far up the sides
of the surrounding hills. The wings of
sportive creatures glance in the sun-
shine in every for st opening; the
squirrels scurry hither and thither
sounding their shrill notes of alarm at
any unfamiliar object; numerous gor-
geously-hued butterflies flit uncertainly
about, a few of the hapless creatures
falling victims to the flycatchers; mul-
titudes of bees rove amid the blossoms
making the fields murmur with their
busy toil; various birds fly about enliv-
ening the scenes with their gay colors
and delightful songs, a Phainopepla .

■360

THE OOLOGIST.

passing by in its erratic course makes
the woods ring with its sweet bell-like
notes, a Goldtinch in undulating flight
festoons the ether with its plaintive
song, a group of Vultures sail silently
over the land, while an occasional Red-
tail mounting the stairway of flight,
rises to a dizzy height to pursue its sol-
itary course among the clouds.

Prominent among the tenants of
these happy scenes is the California
Thx'asher, the minstrel of our groves.
Unlike the Mocking-bird the Thrasher
has acquired no love for the habitations
of man. It delights in the quiet re-
treats of the country, where only an oc-
casional ear catches its joyous strains.
Balanced upon some swaying twig, it
floods the neighborhood with its notes,
often pausing in the midst of its song
to arrange its feathei's. This song con-
sists of imitations of the notes of other
birds, boldly and quite accuratelj'^ ren-
dered, ingeniously interwoven among
strains of its own, and all is given with
a zest that thrills the listener and makes
the Thrasher an element of beauty in
our I'ural districts.

The Thrasher is accustomed to sing at
almost anj^ hour of the day. but its
sweetest efforts are heai'd during the
cool hours of morning and of evening.
Its morning song, the first sound that
breaks upon the quiet vales, heralds
the approach of day to the drowsy ten-
ants of the Avoods. While a purple mist
still surmounts the distant mountains,
the Thrasher seeks some elevated sta-
tion where the first beams of the rising
sun may bathe its plumage, soon in the
east the loftiest streaks are crowned
with a halo of golden light, the pui'ple
veil gradually slips from the mountain's
brow, and finally the glorious king of
day swells above the horizon, gladen-
iug the sleeping world below with his
kindh' light. The fields kissed by the
morning breeze, feel the pulsations of
life, each stalk bows a gr^icious good-
morning to its fellows; the flowers

bursting from their night's repose
freight the early gale with their fra-
grance; the fresh leaves of the over-
hanging foliage show their lovliest
green, while in every shaded nook deli-
cate ferns sparkle with dewy gems.

Meanwhile the song of the Thrasher
has reverberated among the hills and
dales. The woodland minstrels are
now astir greeting the dawn with their
joyous lays. The Thrasher from his
point of vantage rejoices in the light
and warmth shed about him and his
song grows into an ecstasy of melody
as he leads the rural choirs. The woods
and fields resound with tne joyous
music of these feathered orchestfas:
"While Earth's full heart is throbbing

over
With its wealth of life and light and
joy."

The cool hours of morning pass away
and the mid-day glai'e drives the fest-
ive choristers to the shady nooks. The
woods and fields are now comparativ-
ly silent, only an occasional song stir-
i-ing the heated atmosphere. The sun
passes the zenith, traverses the western
hills and finally sinks to rest. Night,
cowled in dusky robes from the Orient,
creeps along every glimmering stream,
over the hills and uplands, and across
the verdant valleys, wrapping evevy
mountain, vale and clift' in the darkness
and the hush of her gloom:
' 'Twilight's gray and pensive hour
Brings the low breeze and shuts the
flower."

The fields and tx-ee-tops gleam in the
soft moonlight, the silvery beams find
their way through the openings in the
groves, illuminating every little glade
and dancing along every murmuring
stream, all is quiet save the melancholy
cry of the Whip poor-Avill, or the hoot
of the distant lonely Owl. Suddenly
a sweet harmony breaks upon the ear,
floating upon the fragrant breeze and
keeping time with the soft rustling of

THE OOLOGIST

261

the leaves. It is the Thrasher's ereu-
iug lay: softened by distance and sweet-
ened by the hush of night. It seems
that the fall of darkness affects the
birds as it affects us. In the morning
their song is the joyous outburst of a
glowing spirit, thrilled with the happi-
ness of Earth, but when the shades of
night gather about them and surround
them with darkness and helplessness
their voices appaal with iucompai'able
sweetness to that Guardian who notes
even tho fall of a spariow, in a song
touched with sympathy, tempered with
reverence and hallowed with love.
"Sweeter far that melting voice
Than all which through the day rejoice,
And still shall bard and wandei'er love
The twilight-music of the grove."

Harrv C. Lillie.

Notes From Audubon's Biography.
Part III.

After a verj' pleasant visit in Frances
Audubou and Swainson returned to
England, where Audubon spent the
winter. In April, 1829, he sailed for
America. On reaching his native land,
he leaped on shore scoui'ed the woods
of the Middle States, and reached
Louisiana by the end of November.

Accompanied by his wife he left New
Orleans on the 8th of January the year
following, and sailing from New York
on the first of April, had the pleasure
after a short and delightful voyage, of
landing safely in Liverpool. On his ar-
rival in London, Audubon was present-
ed by his excellent friend, Mr. J. G.
Children, with a diploma from the Roy-
al Societ3^

Previous to his departure from Eng-
land on a second A'isit to the United
States, Audubon had the honor of be-
ing presented to his Royal Highness the
Duke of Sussex, by whom he was favor-
ed with a general letter of introduction to
the authorities in the British Colonies.

Audubon and his wife sailed on the
first of August, 1831, landed at New
Yoi'k, where but a few days were spent,
and proceeded to Philadelphia, where
Audubon met his old friends, secured a
few sifbscribers, and was presented
with more diplomas. Audubon now
had two assistants; one from Loudon,
Mr. Ward, the other a highly talented
Swiss, Mr. George Lehman. At Wash-
ington Audubon received from the
heads of our Government letters of as-
sistance and protection along the front-
ier, which it was his purpose to visit.
The partj-, from Washington, proceed-
ed down the bi-oad Chespeake Bay,
reached Norfolk, and boarding another
steamer soon arrived at Richmond.
Having made the acquaintance several
years before of the Governor of Ken-
tucky, AuduTjon went to him, and was
received in a most cordial manner, and
furnished with letters of inti'oduction.
After the visit to the Governor the par-
ty proceeded southward to Charleston,
and it was while in this city that Av;du-
bon made the acquaintance of the Rev.
John Bachman. It was late in the af-
ternoon when they took up their lodg-
ings at Charleston, and being greatly
fatigued by their journey, they imme-
diatelj^ retired. At the first streak of
dawn Audubou and his assistants were
already several miles from the city,
commencing their search in the fields
and woods; and having procured abun-
dance of subjects, both for the scalpel
and pencil, they returned home, cover-
ed with mud, and so accoutred as to
draw the attention of everybody to-
wards them. As the party appi'oached
the boarding house Audubon observed
a gentleman on horseback close to their
door. He looked at our naturalist
closely, came up and inquired if he was
Audubou, and being answered in the
affirmative instantly leaped from the
saddle, shook Audubon cordially by the
hand, and urged him with his assist-
ants to remove to his house and make

2G-2

THE OOLOGIST.

their headquarters there. Uogs. ser-
vants and horses were placed at the dis-
posal of the party, and they remained
with their kind host during the whole
of their stay in Charleston. This was
the character of the eminent Dr. Bach-
man.

From Charleston the party sailed for
the Floridas, and after some delay, oc-
casioned by bad weather, put into a
harbor near St. Simond's Island, where
they were so fortunate as to meet Mr.
Thomas B. King, who, after replenish-
ing their store of provisions, subscribed
for a copy of the "Birds of America."
Soon after they wel-e safely landed at
St. Augustine, where they commenced
their investigations.

In April, through the influence of let-
ters from the Hon. Lewis M'Lean of
the Treasury Department and the
prompt assistance of Col. J. Pringle,
they went aboard the Revenue Cutter
"Marion" at Indiaua Key, and were af-
forded important aid by the Deputy
Collector, Mr. Thurston. Having ex-
amined every part of the coast, which
it was the duty of the commander of
the "Marion" to approach, the party
returned to Charleston, where they dis-
banded, Audubon bending his steps
eastward, being anxious to keep pace
with the birds during their migrations.
At Philadelphia Audubon was joined
by his family, and from thei'e went on
to Boston. About the middle of August
they left their Boston friends and
journeyed eastward, and after a pro-
longed trip came in sight of Moose Is-
land. Leaving Moose Island they went
to Dennisville, where they made the ac-
quaintance of the estimable Judge Lin-
coln and his family. Having decided
to explore the provinces of New Bruns-
wick they proceeded to St. Johns,
where they were treated in a very kind
manner; and ascending the river of that
name reached Fredericktown, where a
week was spent.
At Fredericktown they embarked in

an old tow-boat bearing the high-sound-
ing title of the '-Favorite." As she
happened to be the only vessel around
she was indeed a "favorite."' The old
vessel contained men of all descrip-
tions, from the wealthy farmer and
land-holder down to the meanest ped-
dler. The "Favoi'ite" was commanded
by a person of rude manners and un-
couth appearance, on a par however
with the surroundings. Two cadaver-
ous looking nags were hitched to the
end of a long tow-line, driven by a half-
clad negro, who was urging them along
at the astonishing speed of some two
miles an hour. Gradually they pro-
ceeded, until, in the afternoon they
landed to exchange their weary
"steeds" for others which were in near-
ly as sorry condition. Audubon and
his party espied a house on a near-by
hill, surrounded by a group of people,
and upon enquiring if dinner could be
had, was told by the landlord , hat it
would be utterly out of the question as
an election luas being held. They, how-
ever, managed to make out a comforta-
ble meal with what they had brought
w^ith them for a lunch. The rotten old
tow-line gave way several times after
exchanging horses, and once in conse-
quence the commander of the "Favo-
rite" was plunged Into the stream.
The only result was a good drenching,
which the able captain consoled him-
self for by a volley of oaths, such as on-
ly a sailor can articulate. They stop-
ped for the night and the following
morning before daybreak started again
on their way. Some rapids were reach-
ed, and every one glad to assist the old
boat leaped ashore and tugged away at
the tow-line of the ci'azy old float.
Some miles farther up they passed a
leather curious cataract formed by the
waters of the Pokioke. There Sambo
led his steeds up the steep bank, when,
lo! the whole party came tumbling
down like so many hogsheads of tobac-
co rolled from a store-house to the

THE OOLOGIST.

263

banks of the Ohio. The man at the
steeriug-oar hoiied "the black rascal"
had broken his neck, and congratulat-
ed himself in the same breath for the
safety of his horses, which presently i*e-
gaiaed their feet. Sambo, however,
leaped on the naked back of one, and
and, showing his rows of ivory, laugh-
ed at his masters curses. After a se-
ries of such incidents as these they fi-
nally reached Boston.

Fred W. Pakkhurst,
(to be continued.)

Nesting of the Whooping Crane.

The Great White or Whooping Crane
(^Grus ainericana) is oce of the wildest
and rarest of our large birds. Though
the Whooping Cranes are seen passing
over in the spring, and one is occasion-
ly taken at that time, and they are said
to have been not uncommon and bred
here in earlier times, the fact of their
occurrence in this vicinity at the pres-
ent time, was unknown to me until re-
cently.

On May 24th. 1894, a boy oflfered to
sell me two Sandhill Cranes' eggs. which
he had found about a week previously.
The next Saturday, May 26th, I started
out to his place to try and collect some
eggs. In the afternoon we started for
a marsh, which a pair of White Cranes
had frequented all spring. The boy
said that quite a number of White
Cranes had been seen around there in
the early spring, but only one pair had
remained over. As we came up over
the top of a hill we saw in the middle
of a large marsh two white objects,
which looked like large rocks, but they
began moving, and had evidently seen
us as soon as we saw them, for they
soon rose up with slow, heavy flaps of
their great wings and flew over to the
further side of the marsh, where we
could see them stalking along with long
strides as fast as a man could walk. In
fact, when they stood straight up, they

looked almost as tall as a man. Occa-
sionally one would utter a whoop that
could be heard for a long distance.

We waded along the whole length of
the slough finding some masses which
looked like Cranes' nests, but secnrino-
nothing but a Grebe's egg, which I dug
out of a wet floating mass of rotten
vegetation. While Avadiug through the
slough we scared up several small
flocks of Mallards, Pintails, Blue-wing-
ed Teals, and saw Wilson's Phalaropes
and Black Terns by the dozen.

When we got near the nest end of the
slough,! started to wade down a branch
that went oft' towards the south. I saw
several Cranes' nests or muskrat houses,
I could not tell which, only a few rods
apart. As 1 stood up on one and look-
around I saw two great eggs on the
next one.

All this while the two Cranes had
been stalking along on the hill quite a
ways oft', keeping close together, and
seemed trying to attract our attention
by holding their heads down, dragging
one leg, and sometimes spreading their
wings. I yelled to the boys to come
over, as I had found a Crane's nest.
While they were coming up, the Cranes
were approaching nearer until they
were about twenty rods away. They
would stand perfectly still for a minute
at a time, with the wings wide-spread
and held out from the body, and made
a beautiful picture with their graceful
snowy-white bodies and great black-
tipped wings. On our coming towards
them they flew a short distance and
lighted again. My companion and I
went around in opposite directions to
try and get a shot at them, but the
Cranes were too wary to be outwitted
by such maneuvers and before we could
get within forty rods of them they flew
up again and lighted over in the slough
nearer the nest. My brother, who was
sitting on the nest while we sneaked
around, said they then came up within
about ten rods from him, and would

264

THE OOLOGIST.

hop oa one leg, stretch out cue wing,
and try to decoy him after them.

We could see the Cranes far out on
the prairie for the hour or two we were
around there, and even after we were
out of sight we could hear their loud
singing whoops. The Whooping
Crane's note seems to be louder and
has a more ringing and resonant tone
than the Sandhill Crane's voice, which
has a rougher, rasping sound.

But, let us speak of the nest. It was
a mass of grass, rushes and reeds about
two feet across and eight or ten inches
above the water, which at this place
was abovtt a foot and a half deep. The
water was open for a few feet around
the nest, but in most places was grown
up with rushes and saw-grass. The
nest was so solid that I sat down on it
without sinking it into the water.

The eggs were perfectly fresh. One
was a light greenish brown color, spot-
ted quite thickly and evenly over the
whole surface with brown and buff
spots and purplish shell markings.
The ground color of the other egg was
of a light brownish color, without a de-
cided greenish tinge, spotted about the
same as the first egg, but with many of
the spots confluent at the larger end.
They measured 4.06x2.38 and 4.03x2.50,
respectively.

In comparison with a set of two eggs
of the Sandhill Crane, they appear pro-
portionally longer and narrower, and
have a somewhat rougher shell with a
few elevations on the shell like little
pimples.

This nest was found in the marshes
along the headAvaters of the Iowa riv-
er, two or three miles northwest of
Hayfield or Madison Junction, Han-
cock county, Iowa.

Rudolph M. Andekson,

Foi'est City, Iowa.

Jiily OoLOGiST was the most intere-sting and
instructive of tne U O. and O. papers I take.
Isador S. Trostler, Omaha, Neb.

Habits of the American "Woodcock in Ashta-
bula Co-, Ohio,

F. C. HUBBAKD.

The American Woodcock, Philohelor
mi7ior, is a quite common summer resi-
dent, but is rapidly diminishing in num-
bers, it may be found from March ta
October.

The Woodcock is one of the most, if
not the most highly esteemed of oui*-
game birds, may be found at almost,
any season of the year when the ground
is not frozen. The Woodcock during
the breeding season frequents the dense-
woods even hill sides, but in this case-
in the vicinity of water. After the-
breeding season they are found in more
open wet places, especially at night for
their habits are quite nocturnal. Corn-
fields, pastures and commons with a
rich loamy soil are favorite places of
resort after sunset.

The Woodcock once so common in,
this section of Ohio, are fast diminish-.
ing, owing to the draining of our bogs,
and swampy lands. However, quite a
number of these birds breed yearly,
and two sets of four eggs each were-
taken during the season of '94, by col-
lectors in our village. One of the sets.
I was fortunate enough to purchase of a,
young man, not a very enthusiastic col--
lector. The eggs were collected by the-
boy's father four miles from here in the-
Grand River valley while on a fishing-
excursion. On May 30, 1890, I found
two young Woodcocks nearly large-
enough to tiy and ti'ied my best to raise
them, although they would eat insects,
and worms given them (hey soon died-^,
probably on account of the lack of
nourishing substances not known tome.
I have since come to the conclusion,
that it is better to leave them in their
element than to imprison them, even if
they can be raised.

When disturbed from the nest or the-
young are endangered the parent ex--

THE OOLOGIST.

265

hibits remarkable sagacity in attracting
attention to herself and from the object
of her aft'ections, and feigns lameness
in limb and wing often leading the ob-
server to a hopeless pui-suit.

I was reading an account some time
ago of a bird who removed the eggs
from her nest on being disturbed, re-
minds me of an instance where a fellow
collector found a nest containing three
eggs and wishing to secure the full set
of eggs decided to leave them for a day
or so. On returning a few days after
the eggs were gone, found by some
lucky collector so he supposed, but on
starting back again he had not gone
moi'e than fifteen feet when he again
flushed Mrs. Woodcock and secured the
full set.

The eggs had been removed by the
old bird and placed in a uewly con-
structed nest. This is not always the
case with them. On one occasion I
found a nest of this bird containing
four eggs. I took one of the eggs and
on returning a few days after found the
bird still occupying the same nest.

The eggs are four in number, gray,
speckled and spotted with dark brown;
the nest is found with great difficulty.

The Road-runner.
Oeococcyx californianus, Less.

This bird is best known as the Chap-
paralCock in this locality, getting that
name from the character of the country
which it inhabits. It is veintably a bird
of the Chapparal.

In this and adjacent counties it is a
common resident but the ravages of the
pernicious "Sunday-hunter" are begin-
ning to tell perceptibly in its numbers.
They make excellent targets for persons
who go out hunting "just to see what I
can shoot."

The Paisano, as it is sometimes called,
lives upon insects, snakes, eggs, young
birds and little chickens. The eggs and

young of Mockingbirds, Sparrows and
other birds nesting near the ground,
and not having sufficient energy or
bravery to defend their homes, from
the main food supply of the Road-run-
ner during the breeding season.

Little chicks are considered tender
morsels by these birds even though
they have to invade the very hen-house
to obtain them. Many a chick has met
an early death at the hands of an inno-
cent appearing Road-runner, and then
had its death credited to some roving
coyote or thieving Hawk by its sorrow-
ing owner, while the real culprit goes
unharmed, often unsuspected.

A farmer told me not long ago that
he had shot one of these birds in the
very act of sucking eggs in his chicken-
house.

Time and again I have been attracted
by the distressed cries of Mockingbirds
to where a Road-runner was robbing a
nest of eggs o:' young, only to arrive
and see him making off to the Chappar-
al, sometimes with one or more young
birds in his bill, — for this bird takes as
big a mouthful as he can get, you know.

They have onlj^ two notes that I
know of, one a loud trill made by snap-
ping the manibles together several
times in quick succession, the other a
mournful coo-ah, accenting the first syl-
lable. The latter call I have heard on-
ly in the late winter and eai'ly spring.
Doubtless it is a mating call.

The birds are not combative. I have
never seen them quarrel either among
themselves or with other birds, but on
the other hand I have often seen them
flee in terror before a pair of Scissor-
tail Flycatchers, still it is no disgrace
for them to run away from these little
spitfires, — even the lordlj' Red-tail does
that.

When a Road-runner is surrouded by
a sci'eeching, chattering crowd of Mock-
ingbieds, Cardinals and Sparrows he
puts on an air of injured innocence and
sits looking calmly upon his little foes

266

THE OOLOGIST.

as though totally unconscious of the
viie epithets being hurled at him. He
is a splendid actor.

Whenever found in the open, they
make for the Chapparal, running with
head low down and neck stretched for-
ward. If not pursued they will stop
every hundred yai'ds or so, and take a
look around, then make another spurt,
and so on till lost to sight. But if hard
pressed they get over the ground amaz-
ingly fast with the help of their wings.

Sometimes when caught in a lane
and chased the silly birds will keep
straight ahead, maybe for a mile, down
the lane; then its senses returning, or
getting tired of the race, they will turn
off to one side into the pastures, where
they could have gone directlv in the first
place.

Early in March nest building begins.
Sometimes an old nest is rebuilt, but
as the nests are not very stout there is,
as a rule, little of the old nest left.
Usually the center of a Chapparal thick-
et is chosen. Sometimes hackberry
trees are used, and the "Spanish bayo-
net" often forms a very secure place for
a nest.

The nests are placed f i om three to
ten feet up. Small sticks and thorny
twigs loosely put together, form the
structure; while the lining, if any, is of
grass, weeds, and often the green leaves
of the mesquite tree.

The eggs are from two to nine in
number, usually two to seven. Six is
the average, and nine the largest I have
found. The eggs are pure glossy white
in color, and ovate, some of them ellip-
tical, in shape. 1.56 x 1.20 inches is an
average size, but they vary fully one-
tenth of an inch, more or less, than this
average. In Avet weather the eggs of-
ten get beautifully frescoed with mud
from the feet of the old bird. These
birds always forget to wipe their feet
before entering their parlors, and as a
consequence the eggs are sometimes
perfectly black.

I have taken sets of seven as early a&
March 18th, and incubated eggs as late-
as June 25th. Three-fourths of all the
eggs of this species that I have collect-
ed have been taken in April.

I have noticed in blowing these eggS;
that some of them have a vexy peculiar
way of "sweating." The watery albu-
men comes out in little drops all over the
egg as though through pores in the shell.
Upon examining the specimen in which
this sweating was most noticeable with
a strong glass I found that the whole-
shell was perforated with innumerable
small holes, hardly visible to the naked
eye. I do not know the cause or effect
of this, unless it was for ventilation? I
have noticed this more or less in a doz-
en specimens.

Incubation begins as soon as a few
eggs are laid, and the laying of eggs
also continues, so young birds and
nearly fx'esh eggs are found in the same-,
nest.

When taken befox'e they leave the-
nest they can be easily tamed but make
vex'y tx'oublesome pets. At least, that
is my expex'ience. The last Chapparal
Cock I had was convicted of sucking
eggs, and killed accoxxlingly, death
being the penalty for that crime.

A. H. W. Norton,
Saix Antonio, Texas.

A Curious Accident.

C. Leonax'd Whitmix'e's ax'ticle in-
April OoLOGiST I'eminds me of a cui'i-
ous accident that came xxnder m> no-
tice in '93. A friend while passing a
fax'm house near this city noticed a pair
of Chimney Swifts circling around
and sometixues Hying into a large chim-
ney which supported a lightning x'od. _

A few minutes afterwai'ds he again
passed the house, and looking up saw
one of the Swifts impaled and still
struggling oxi the rod.

It had probably, while diving intothe.
chimney, been fox'ced against the sharp,
point by a sudden gust of wind.

Geo. H. Davis,
Painesville, Ohio..

THE OOLOGIST.

267

The Oologist.

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to

OOLOGY AND ORNITHOLOGY.

FRANK H. LATTIN, Editor aud Publisher,
ALBION, N. Y.

Correspondence and Items of interest to tue
student of Birds, tbelr Nests and Eggs, solicited
from all.

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The followiug from F. Wavue & Co,,
Publishers, New York, under date of
July 10th is self-explanatory: "As the
delay in printing the Royal Natural
History was greater than anticipated,
and we are thus carried into the heated
term, when the absence of so luauy
from their homes, added to the more
tlian tisual dullness of the summer sea-
son, renders it unadvisable to issue a
work of this natura, we have deter-
mined to postpone the publication of
No. 1 tintil September 1st, to l)e follow-
ed at regular monthly intervals by the
other numbers as announced."

Among the "Boys" who have drop-
ped in during the past few weeks we
are pleased to record Neil F. Posson,
Ye Old Associate Editor of the Oolo-
gist, now of Batavia, N. Y.; Geo. F.
Gueif, the popular taxidermist of
Brockport, N. Y.; James DeLaney, the
well known Couchologist of Ward's
Natural Science Establishment, and A.
W. Baylis, a young banker whose name
is familiar to our readers, from Cedar
Rapids, Iowa. Mr. B. caught us right
in the midst of dissolution and persist-
ed in "kodaking" us just as we were —
the result will certainly prove of orni-
thological value and Friend B. will un-
doubtedly label it "A Queer Pair."

Fred D. Snyder and Kirk B. Mathes,
whose names and faces are familiar
ones to many readers of the Oologist,
and who have been with "Lattin" for
the past live or six years are looking
after L's interests at Chautauqua this
season aud later will take charge of
some of his extensive exhibits at the
greater of our Fairs and Expositions.

The readers of the Oologist will note
the "Dissolution Notice" which appears
on another page — this might perhaps be
more appropriately termed a"divis-
ion" notice— as Mr. Webb takes our
entire stock of Eggs, Skins, Minerals, In-
struments and Supplies, and a general
assortment of Specimens and Curiosi-
ties. The undersigned retains the Oo-
LOGiST,the stores and stock at Chautau-
qua, and a wholesale stock of Shells^
Curios and Resort Goods. In the fu-
ture Mr. Webb will cater for a general
ti ade and endeavor to corral every un-
protected collector who is (unjfortunate
enougli to possess a specimen of the
Almighty Dollar, and as he knows the
value of the Oologist as an advertising
medium his many friends, among its
I'eaders, cau rest assured, from his
announcements, from time to time, that

268

THE OOLOGIST

it would prove a barren Held in liis lo-
cality for inoss collecting.

The Avork of the writer has for the
past fifteen or more years been al-
most exclusively along the line of the
Natural Sciences and he decided long
ago that his life work should never de-
Tiate verj' far from this path. What-
ever form this Avork may take in future
his many friends and patious can rest
assured that he will remain as ever.
Faithfully, Fkank H. Lattix.

Necrology.
Ford, Walter J., of Joliet. 111.
19 vrs.

Aged

JUNE CONTEST.

Thirty-nine Judges.

1. A Day with tiie Cooper's Hawks,
139.

2. Notes from Audubon's Biography,
135.

3. The Whip-poor will, 108.

4. Some Winter Bird-Life, 96.

5. Vireoniibe n lovva, 47.

The Judges' prizes were awarded as
follows:

1. No. 28— Arthur P. Simmons, No.
43 Grand St., Troy, N. Y. Exact.

2. No. 5— Chas. H. Dickinson,
•Grand Rapids, Minn, 2, 1. 3, 4, 5.

3. No. 33— Rogeis P. Gillespie,
■Starkville, Miss, 2, 1. 3, 4, 5

4. No. 23— J. H. Brown, Davenport,
Iowa, ], 3, 2, 4. 5.

5. No. 4— Ed. Doolittle,Painesville,
'O., 1, 2, 3, 5, 4.

The following Judges named the win-
ning articles:
No. 2— R. McPherson, Mavs.
3— Cyrus Crosby, N. Y.
8— F. G. Hargest, N. Y.
12— C. Irvine, Tex.
21— W. H. Osgood, Calif.
24— H. C. Lillie, Calif.
27— W. Truitt, Kans.
30— D. F. Weeks, Oregon.
34— N. G. Van DeWater, N. Y.
35 -B. A. Garrett, N. Y.
39— F. Mc Allister, Mich,
All prizes were mailed on July 10.

You Are a Judge.

Your decision must be mailed ils not
later than the j¥?-.?< day of Septemljer.
\Vrite on back of a postal card the five
articles which you have decided to be
the moat valuable, instructive and inter-
esiinff in this number of Oologist and
mail to us. Number the articles in the
order which you think the prizes sliould
be awarded.

We give our Judges five prizes hav-
ing an aggregate value of over $5, one
to each of the five whose decisions are
nearest the final award of Mss. prizes.

Figures of Importance.

Examine the number following youi
name on the wrapper o*" this Oologist.
This number denotes the time when
vour subscription expires or has expir-
ed.

56 signifles vf>iu- subscription expired June. 1890
63 •• •■ " ■• Dec '•

68 ,' " " " June, 1891

74 •• '• '• " Dec. ■•

80 " '■ •• '■ June. 1892

86 " '■ '• '• Dec

93 " '• '• ■' June. 1893

98 " '• • '• Dec. "

104 •' •• " " June 1894

110 " " " will expire Dec. "

We are desirous of straightening our
subscrijjtion books at once and trust
our subscribers will send in their sub-
scriptions for '94' including all arrear-
ages, at their earliest conveniences, the
amounts necessary to accomplish this
are as follows:

'•56"— $3.2.5. ••63""— f3.no. ••68"— $1.75. '-74"— $1,50
•■80"— $1.^4!5. ••86"— Sl.OO. ••9:^"— 75c. '•98"-50c.
"lOi"— •,'.5C.

Should you desire to discontinue
your subscription to the Oologist your
indelitedness to us is 15 cents less than
tlie alinve amount. The figures are
according to our books July 7, 1894,
and many renewals received since that
date have been credited on our books,
but not on the wrapper.

Wonderlul

Ti-y what lO Cents sent
H. Harte. Jeweler,

Rochester,!}. Y., will bring.

Revolvers,
Rifles,

'Great Wertern'
for Price List. GiinWork.i,FitU1>argh,FZ^

^FINFR NETS, TENTS, and

♦-^ ^- * *^ ^-*^» SPORTING GOODS.

Every description of Guns, R?volvers, Ammu-
nition and Sporting Goods at very lowest pric-
es. We have something of interest to you.

rilK uOLOfrlST

■IQ9

Exdiange Extracrdinary.

I need at ouce the following- tirst class eggs, citlu'r in sets or singles, in ex-
change at Standard Catalogue rales, or if iu sets I will allowMO per cent above
these prices, in exchange for the articles mentioned IihIow. Eggs taken iu any
quantity. No amount less than -Si OO.cau be '•Ixdlieied with," unless 10c in stamps
is enclosed to pay postage and packing. If vou have anj' rare, or quite desirable
species, in quantity to offer, send list. Species wanted, A. O U. Nos.

1-4 fi-7-r3-l(v37-29 49•5S-5S..^9-ti4-69-70-71-7•3-74-77■80-
any Cormorants. Ducks or Geese. 1H()-I9l-H)4-I9t3-
1 97-20 l-Vi05-20fi-208-'31 1 -2 1 2-214-21^- 1 y--^25-22t)-22.'-230-
258-2t>3-273-'^,s-28l-2.S9-2H4-Any rare Quail or
Grouse. ;«.V.SI0 Sl.i- \nr Hawks or Owls (except
333)-394-4U2 409-41(i 417-i2;)-423-Any Huranier4. 452-
4.=)7-4.T8-4t52-464 to 4')7-4rti-Anv Jays evcept 477 &
477a -486-488 a- tS9-4iit-jy4a -495-493- 97-501-501a -5(r->-
503-5K)-511a-513-517 531-.538-539-542a-5m -550-549-552-
552a 5o4-5.^4a-5.^4b-5.^8-563-567-573-581b-581d•58le-587-
^87a-588a-5SSb 591-594-59.5.596-598-599 601-604-608-610-
614 6lfi-6l9-622h-624 ri-.'8-63l-Anv desirable War-
blers, positively iLU'ntiHed-t3",'4 6S7 JiSl-697-700-701-
702-71 3-7 1 5-7 1 7;i -7 1 8-7 1 9-72 1 h-724-725-:3 1 -733 -7.^5 -75 1 -
755-758a-7.59b-703-767-768. Moniroliau Pheasaut at
20c each. Snake at lUc, Alligator at 25c-

I will accept any species not mentioned above
at '4 rates. Standard catalogue prices must be
used as a basis. All eggs must be strictly first-
class in every particular, and if not In this con-
dition. I will'taUe five times the actual cost of
return postage to pay for trou ble, and return
balance .

In return for the above. I offer any of the fol-
lowing articles, specimens or supplies at the
prices quoted.

No. 1. 8-100 Egg drill $ 10

No. 2. 12-100 ■• in

No. 3. 15-100 '• 15

No. 4. 18-100 •• 17

No. 5. 2Mfi0 " 25

Nickeled Blowpipe 25

Imperfect Blowpipe 10

Good Nickled Plated Embryo Hook 30

Glass Eyes. No. 10 Flint, per pair 40

No. 14 •• *15

No. 22 •• 35

No. 26 •• .50

lOJ Data Blanks, assorted 35

25 Checking Lists 75

Standard Catalogue .. 50

Brown Banded Sea Bean 10

Red or Gray S°a Bean 05

Acorn Barnacle 15

Small Starfish 10

Lai'ge Calif. Urchin rare 1 00

Sea Horse, slightly imperfect 25

Skate Egg 10

Shark Egg 15

Hammerhead Shark egg 35

Saw Fi.sh Saw, good .50

Fossil Shark tooth S->

10 ditTerent specimens of Coral 1 00

Flint Ball. Curious 35

Tarantula, mounted iu Box 1 50

BUek Starfish 75

Quartz Crystal 20

Chiastolite Crystal 25

50 varieties of minerals _ 3 00

Fossil Sea Urchin 25

Fossil l*ol5'p Coral 25

Fossil Fish Esgs in capsule 15

Alligator tooth 20

lOU var. Foreign Stamps 30

lOOOMi.Ked Stimns 1 25

PRETTY SHELLS.

Snake-head Cowry 15

Money Cowry 15

Indiaii Wampum 10

Gnawed Cowry 15

Lyn.K Cowrv 15

White Murex 30

Olive or Key shell 15

Asap^^is 15

Peanut shell 05

Kotellas 05

Japanese Eburna 25

Atlantic Scallop 15

BIRDS EGGS.

"Wood Ibis 3 00

White IMS 1 00

Noddy Tern 60

Sooty Tern 40

Bridled Tern 1 75

Ptarmiean 1 00

Chachalaca 1 00

White crown Pigeon 1 5'>

Mex. crested Flycatcher 50

Texas Sparrow 60

Grey-tail Cardinal 1 50

Sharpe'sSeeieater 1 OO

Sennett's Thrasher 25

Song Thrush la

Eup. Blackbird 10

Moorhen 20

American Osprey 1 OO'

Cooper's Hawk 45

Little Blue Heron.

Leaches Petrel

Amer. Herring Gull.
Calif. Murre

15

30
30
35

THIS OFFER HOLDS GOOD U\TIL SEPT. 15th,

At \vliich time should I see lit to extend, or make a similar one, many of the
more liesiraljle curios., eggs, etc., will positively be withdrawn, as my stock will
not warrant a continuance of the oifer.

As perhaps a great many of the readers of the Oologist, will remember, dur-
ing '!t2 I issued monthlj- Bulletins of Eggs. During ''j:}, owing to my presence at
the World's Fair, they wcr*; di.scontinuetl, but as I now have a' large surplus of
many desirable species, I shall on Aug. 1st, issue a new bulletin of Birds eggs, ia
sets and singles. All de.->iriiig to purchase eggs, send stamp for copy of same. I
trust 1 aiay be favored in the future with the liberal share of your patronage, that
I have in the past.

WALTER F. WEBB, Albion, N. Y.

The Old Stand of F. H. Lattin & Co.

270

THE OOLOGIST.

New Standard Catalogue

OF

fsjorth /\merican 3'''c's ESS^

CO M PI LED BY

FRANK H. LATTIN,

Assisted by Capt. C/ias. E. Beyidire,

J. Parker Norris, Esq., and

the late Capt. B. F. Goss.

It ?lves the Common and scientific name of
every North American Bird accordlnar to the
A. O. U. Nomenclature. It also Rives the A. O.
U. Numbers as well as those of both Cones' and
IMgeway, and last but not least It gives the
value ot eggs of nearly every spedes. over one
Jiundred of which never appeared on any print-
ed list before.

It is not a personal catalogue of any one
Dealer or Collector, as there is not a Collector
In the entire World who has or could furnish
all the species whose values are given, and
there is not a Dealer who could furnish over
from 50 to T5 per cent of the species priced.

Price 35 cents per copy. 3 copies for $1.00.

FRANK H. LATTIN, ALBION, N. Y.

TAXIDERMISTS' GUNS. "SS^t:'

Pistols. Gun Cases, .shootins: Shot Shells: also

rafales "r„; SPECIMEN HUNTERS.

All kinds, all prices from S'.'J) to S'Zi.uo. List
free. W?'itefor Taxidermist's free list.

JAMES H. JOHNSTON,

PITTSBURG. PA.

Promptly secured. Trade-Marks, Copyrights
and Labels registered. Twenty-flve years ex-
perience. We report whether patent can be
secured or not, freeof charere. Our fee not due
until patent is allowed. 32 page Book Free.
H. B. WILLSON Sl CO., Attorneys at Law,
0pp. U. S. Fat. Office. WASHINGTON. D. C.

Davie's Nests and Eggs

North AMERICAN birds

Re-Written and Greatly Enlarged, with an

Introduction by J. Parker Norris, and Full

Page Illustrations of Nests, etc., by

Theodore Jasper, A. M., M. D.

and W. Otto Emerson.

This work Is descriptive of the Nests and Eggs
of the Land and water Birds of North America,
which Includes all the species known to exist—
those that occur or are indigenous north of the
Southern United States boundary, Including
Greenland and the peninsula of Lower California.

The breeding range of each species Is given,
the time of aeFtlng, the exact number of eggs
iHid, their color and size together with the chief
characteristics of the bird.

The arrangement of the work Is according to
the nomenclature of the A. O, U. Code and
Check List, and the old numbers (Ridgeway's)
as used in former editions, are placed to the
right 01 each species. Throughout the text all
the common names of the birds are to be found,
and a complete anal'^tiol index of these Is
given.

An Invaluable book as an aid for the Identifi-
cation of specimens to all those collecting In the
field.

The work consists of 4T,5 pages and 12 full page
Illustrations.

Paper Edition, $1.25; Cloth $1.75.

FRAJsK H. LATTIN, ALBION, N. Y.

BIRDS EQiaS
SHELLS.

^^

^ {llusTrdTeaCatAlog.A.^v:i
^^ CHAS.K.REED. ;P^>,
fTzMamSt.WORCESTER.MASSJii^

Fair and Resort Goods.

Pai'ties desiring to make ati exhibit at thelv County Fairs or Resorts siionld
consult my prices before buying elsewhere.

I have one of the largest .stocks in this country— of Shells, Shell Boxes, Spar
Jewelry, also Agate and Sea Bean Jewelry, Fine Polished Agate Goods, Curios
both Laud and Marine, and Corals of all kinds; and can put you up a good as-
sortment for a Fair or Resort at from $25.00 to any amount you care to invest.
Write at once if you wish to make an exhibit.

I have a surplus of over ^5,000 worth of lhe.se goods in my stores at
Chautauqua, and iu storage at Albion, and must close them out regardless of
value during the next 90 Days. Small orders under $10 are not solicited, but if
you have that amount, or over, to invest it will paj' you to send me your list of
wants, for prices.

FRANK H. LATTIN, ALBION, N. Y.

THE OOLOGIST 271

Birds of Ontario

Being a concise account of every species of Bird known to have been found in Ontario, with a

DESCRIPTION OF THEIR NESTS AND EGGS

And instructions for Collecting Birds and Preparing and Preserving Skins, also directions how to

form a Collection of Eggs.

BY THOMAS McILWRAITH

(.Member of American Ornithologists'' Union.)

Sd Edition, Enlarged and Revised to Date, with Illustrations by-ERNEST E. ThOiMpson and others.

CLOTH, 424 PAGES - - $2.00.

To this new and revised edition of his excellent work on the birds of this Province, Mr. Mcll-
wraith has brought the full knowledge of a life study, the accuracy of the thorough scientist, and
the taste and polish of a finished writer, while his pages glow with an enthusiasm the reader is
sure to find infectious. The book is printed in new. clear type, on paper of good quality, and put
in handsome and substantial extra English cloth covers. Canadian readers will be interested to
know that a large number of the beautiful illustrations with which the book is embellished are
the work of Mr. Ernest E. Thompson of Toronto, whose reputation as a painter of birds is not
sui-passed, we believe, by that of any other living artist.

COMMENTS.

Referring to the new Canadian Ornithology : "Decidedly the best we have is this work of a
veteran observer (Thos. Mcllwraith). It places Canadian ornithology more nearly au courant
wiVa. the progress of the science in other pai ts of America, and ea.sily advances the author to the
first place in his own field."— Dr. Elliot Coues, in the "Auk:'

"For many years Mr. Mcllwraith has been the acknowledged and official head of ornithology in
Ontario, and his name attached to any work is sufficient guarantee of merit ; for since the days of
Gosse I believe there has been no Canadian naturalist who more happily combined accurate
knowledge with a felicitous manner of expressing it. When Mr. Mc Ilwraith's first edition ap-
peared it was practically out of print within a few months of its publication, and the number of
enquiries during the last year or two show that a similiar reception awaits this, for the work is
undoubtedly the best extant on the birds of Ontario.'.— Ernest E, Thompson, Naturalist to
the Manitoba Government. Sent prepaid upon receipt of price $3.00. Address all orders to

RRANK H. L.ATTIN,

PublLsher of THE OOLGiST. ALBION, NEW YORK.

NIAOARA FALLS.

Hundreds of the Readers of the Oologist visit Niagara annually
and they always make it a point to visit

TUGBY'S NEW MUSEUM.

This new museum is located on Falls street, only a fe v steps from R.
R. Depots — Electric car line passes its entrance — antl occupies a new
three story building, which cost thousands of dollars to build and fill —
Among the hundreds of attractions within will be found a large and
magnificent collection of Birds and the lajigest collection of bieds
EGGS in a PubUc Museum in the State. It is a well known fact the
World over that TUGBY of Niagara Falls, N. Y. is Headquarters for
EVERYTHING in the Curio, Specimen, Novelty or Souvenir line pertain-
ing to Niagara.

372

THE OOLOGIST.

FOR GDNS'REVDLVERS'RIFIES
AND ALL METALS

Lubricant and Rust Preventative Combined*
ROR AL/I> METALS.

It prevents pits in Shot Giin and Rifle Barrels. It keeps metals

bright and free from tarnish and preserves their finish for years.

Heat or Cold does not affect its consistency.

IT NEVER GUMS OR DRIPS,

an advantage not possessed by any other lubricant in the world.

An indispensible article for all kinds of Fire Arms, Fine Machinery, Gun Locks^
Bicycles, Camp Kits, Oologists' Instruments, Taxidermists' Instruments, Natur-
alists' Instruments, Surgical Insti'uments, Embalming Instruments, Cutlery,
Brass Work on Yaclits, Copper and Steel Plate, &c. In all respects the very best
prepai'ation for any metalic surfaces where a non-gumming lubricant and rust
preventive are required.

SIX SIZES: Metal Collapsible Tubes, 15 and 25c., 1-4 lb. can
35c., 1-2 lb. can 50c., 1 lb. can 75c. and 5 lb. can $3.00.

Beware of imitations said to be "just as good.'*

Gunoleum is for sale in nearly all the principle cities in the United States. The
following parties buy in quantities and can supply the trade.

Henry C. Squire & Son. New York.

A. G. Spaulding & Bros., New York, Chicago

and Philadelphia.
R. Liddle & Co., San Francisco, Cal.
Edw. K. Tyron, Jr. & Co., Philadelphia.
Juo. T. Bailey & Co.,
VVm. H. Schleigh, Baltimore, Md.
R. H. Jewell & Co.. Los Angeles. Cal.
Wm. Read & Sons, Boston, Mass.
A. D. Wilkinson, "

Ferdinand & Co., Boston. Mass.

Horn & Paine. Eugene, Oregon.

Bib bins & Sherman, Syracuse. N. Y.

Wm. Prettie & Co..

Jno P. Lovell Arms Co., Boston, Mass.

E. H. Keller & Co., Sheybogan. Wis.

Messrs Spary & Co.. Middleboro. Mass.

Jno. P. Dannefelser. New York City.

Jno. Krieder. Philadelphia.

W. Scott Boyenton, Newport News, Va.

If your dealer does not have Gunoleum. send 25c in stamps for large collapsible
tube by return mail. Address all communications to

THE CHARLES WILLY MFG. CO.,

BAY SHORE, I>. I., N. Y.

U. S. A.

Monthly.

^4|)^ 50c. per Year. "^'

'^^4

VOL. XI. NO. 9.

ALBION, N. Y., SEP., 1894.

Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales.

Whole No. 107

Brief special annoimcements, "Wants,' "Exclianges" "For Sales," inserted in this department
(or 50C per 3.5 words. Notices over 3.5 words, charged at the rate o£ one cent per each additional,
word. No notice inserted lor less than 50c. Terms, cash with order.

"Dealers" can use these columns at Regular Aclvei-tismg rates, only.

Strictly First-class specimens will be accepted In payment at oue-hall list rates.

Exchange cards and Coupons (subscription) will be accepted for "Wants" and "Exchanges'" onlv
and according to conditions stated thereon.

TO TRADE.— Students' microscope (40 dia)
dissecting set. small pocket rilie (22 cal.), pic-
calo (13 keyed), old Italian derringer, eggs in
sets. Wanted, a clarionet. W. E. WELLS,
Granyille, Ohio.

FOR EXCHANGE.— Fifty yarieties of Cali-
fornia eges in sets for sets of water birds only,
also eggs^for stamps. O. W. HOWARD, 853 S.
Olive St., Los Angeles, Cal.

FOR SALE.- Coal in three different stages
of formation found in the anthracite coal re-
gions for 50 cents. Will exchange for minerals,
Indian relics or birds eggs. . FRANK EDG-VU,
1307 Wyoming Ave., Scranton, Pa.

EXCHANGE.— Kerr & Perham egg tools.
Stamps and eggs to exchange for eggs or skins.
Send list and get ours. KERR & PERHAiyi,
Sandwich, 111.

TO EXCHANGE.— A fine collection of 400
postage stamps and a few eggs to exchange for
eggs not in my collection. FRED MCALLIS-
TER, Davison, Mich.

RARE SINGLES wanted priced at J2.00 or
over for which I offer rare sets with data even
rates. Address "WALTER F. WEBB, Albion,
N. Y.

FOR ONLY .50 cents. J.tOO Confederate Mon-
ey (assorted). .^00 Confederate Bond, and 6 rare
Arrow Paints. Catalogue .3 cents. J. F. BOW-
EN, luka. Miss. s3t

Please find enclosed 3.5 cents for a copy of
"Standard Catalogue." I have received so many
ansuers to my ad. in July Oolooist that 1 need
one right quick. C. F. STONE, Branchport,

I REQUIRE more room in mv cabinets, so
wish to clear out the following single eggs at
these low prices: Golden P:agle 3.50. Gray Sea
Eagle 1.0<J, Pigeon Hawk 1.00. Mississippi Kite
1.50. Sharp-shinned Hawk 50, American Gos-
hawk 1.00, Swainson"s Hawk 3o. Merlin 25, Eur-
opean Buzzard W, Duck Hawk 1.25, and many
others, send for my full list of cheap single
eggs. W. RAINE, Bleeker St., Toronto, Can.

OOLOGISTS Attention.— Send your exchange
list of eggs. etc. to me and receive same, 1-5-10
answers get nice present free. G. N. UPHAM,
Coffey ville. Kansas,

CLIMBERS.- Pair regular style, strapped
ready for use. for best offer 1st class sets with
data. HARRY B, SARGENT, 366 W. 116 2d St.
New York.

FOR SALE.— Best offer before Sept 15th. 1
set cancelled Columbian stamps complete, 1 set
uncancelled Columbian stamps complete, one
£5 English. £1 English green and one £1 Eng-
lish brown, cancelled stamps. Address R.
SANFORD, Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y.

PAPIER MACHE-Needed by all taxidermists
and naturall.sts. Fresh made 20c lb; 8 lbs, 1..50;
20 lbs 3.00. Virgin Cork Bark for rock work, all
sized pieces same price. Address, WALTER
F. WEBB, Albion, N. Y.

WANTED.— October Nidiologist; Oologist
vol, I to 7; 0. and 0. vol. 1 to 8; vol. Auk; inser-
tion bai-rel. Have sets and skins, complete
data, ROGERS P. GILLESPIE, Starkville,

Miss.

WANTED:— For cash or exchange choice
sets of Pigeon Hawk. Gyrfalcon, Rough-legged
Hawk. Ravens, Amer. Bittern or other "rare
sets of Hawks and Owls. Lowest price and
particulars wanted. W. B. JUDSON, 53 El-
dorado St., FMsadeua, Cal.

A BARGAIN.— 1 Bluegray Guatcatcher's
nest, 2 sets o f first class eggs. 1 ari'owhead, 1
minie ball. 1 packet of novelties. 10 rare curios.
200 varieties of ^inmps and a skin of Red-wing
orYellow-headedBlackbird as preferred for only
2.5c. Guaranteed to please. HENRY BEAU-
MONT. JR.. Carlsbad. Teun.

The article on the "Brown Pelican" in the
OoLoGi«T several months since /;ffs brought me
a flood of letters. \iOt\\s.» to exchanges and in-
quiries. Had my article been in the nature of
an ad. I shoud have been highly gratified. As
it is, never making exchanges, I must beg of
you to make an announcement through your
paper to this effect, for I cannot answer all the
letters. Morris Gibbs, Kalamazoo. Mich.

■274

THE OOLOGIST.

FOR EXCHANGE:— Al sets of 51a, 70.106,
263, eaSa, 710, etc. Many common sets with
nests wanted. ORA WILLIS KNIGHT, No.
157 Hammond St.. Bangor. Maine.

TO EXCHANGE.— Set of 15 volumes of Am-
ericana Encyclopaedia, but little used ; size ef
books 9x6i4xa: for best offer. Eggs in sets or
ornithological literature. Coues' Key wanted.
S. W. HARRIS, Reading Ave., Hillsdale, Mich.

I WILL GIVE A. O. U. No^s.SS.i. 488, 216. 477,
546, sets with data, or Vol. 1 Young Oologist
and Vol. VIII Oologist. JACOB BASTIAN,
JR., Statesville. N. C.

TO EXCHANGE.— An Alto Horn, cost $14,
nearly new, for a Winchester or Stevens rifle In
good condition. AddressFRAN K.N.WRIGHT,
Virden, 111.

ANY PERSON sending me $\ worth of strict-
ly first class sets with data or 60c. cash will re-
ceive post free Jl.50 worth of curios, stamps,
skins, etc. GEO. D. FRENCH, Ivoi-yton.Conn.

WANTED At Once— Strictly first-class sets
with data In any quantity of A. O. U. 7, 12, 58,
80, 139, 141, 147, ieo, 194, 304-5-6, 208, 211. 224. 228,
230. 258, 278, 2S0, 292 295. 297a, 305, 310, 315. 327 ,328,
.S29. 334, 339a. 342, 343, 347a, ^9, 3.52. 355, 356. 3.57,
36.5. 366. 367, 368, 373. 375, 377a, 379, 380, 381. For
above will pay cash or A 1 exchange. Write
stating quantity you have and I will make offer
inca.sh or exchange. WALTER F. WEBB,
Albion, N. Y.

FOR SALE.— Bb Tenor Trombone and case,
its cost was $32. has been used one season, in
Al condition. It goes for the best cash offer.
All letters answered. F. E. PICKENS, Wil-
ton, Me.

EXCHANGE,— First class sets of California
Eggs for a copy Coues' Key and sets of other
localities. Send list, rectlvemine. Common
eggs also wanted. CARROLL SCOTT, 463
Fifth St., San Diego, Calif.

WANTED. -Sets of Meadowlark. Flicker,
Belted Kingfisher, Purple Martin. Cedarbird,
Sparrowhawk. Great Horned and Screech

■ Owls. I also want sets of 7, 12, 29. m. 64. 77, 80,
106. 118, 126, 127. 131, 140, 141, 144, 160, 184, 190, 204,
206, 214, 218, 228, 263, 273, 286, 289, 394, 294a, 295,
300, 315, 325, 326, 332, 337, 339, 341, 353, 349, 363. 364,
36S, 387. 388. 393, 394, 406, 416, 417, 418, 419, 428, 452,
474b, 494. 517, .567, 601, 614, 622a, 624. any Warbler
(except 653), 713, 715, 727, and many others, for
which 1 can give rare eggs from North West
Canada, Iceland and Lapland, also for ex-
change 100 eggs of White-faced Glossy Ibis in

■sets for common species, send your lists of du-
plicates to W. RAINE, Bleeker St., Toronto,
Canada.

FIFTY Illustrations istheXidiologisf's record
for the year just ended. When you consider
that almost all of these are //alf tonts, from
photographs of birds, nests and eggs, you can
imagine the value given for only $1 per year.
The August number contains: ''Photograph-
ing an Owl." (illus) by Dr. R. W. Shufeldt;" Do
Wading Birds Swim?" b5' William Palmer,
Smithsonian Institution; "Nesting of the Ashy
Pevrel on the Farallone" (3 illus) byC. Barlow:
'•Mimicry of the Woodcock" (illus) by L Whit-
ney. Watkins: ''What Constitutes a set of
Eggs;" ''Concerning the Price on Certain
Eggs." etc., etc. Remember a free exchange
notice now to subscribers. No free copies.
Sample 10c. H. R. TAYLOR. Editor and Pub-
lisher, Alameda. Cal. New York office, ROSS

■ TAYLOR, 150 Fifth Ave.

TO EXCHANGE.— I will give 20 foreign
Stamps all different for every perfect arrow
head, with locality given, sent me. HERBERT
DAY, Mt. Vernon. Iowa.

TO EXCHANGE.— About $5 or f6 worth of
Southern Calif, eggs in sets and singles for
collecting pistol or good pair climbing Irons.
Write for list. A. L. LAPHAM, 1'20 W. 16th
St., Los Angeles, Cal.

TANNING LIQUOR.— New stock. Qt. bot-
tles, 1.00; in 5 gallon jugs at lower rates. Glass
eyes all styles and sizes at lowest rates obtain-
able. Send for list. WALTER F. WEBB, Al-
bion, N. Y.

NUMBERS WANTED.— I want back num-
bers Nidiblogisf .■ 1. 2. 3 4 and 6. For all of
these I will give a year's subscription, for first
four, ten months; for any two of above, five
months' subscription. Send carefully wrapped,
to H. R. TAYLOR, Editor Mdiologist, Ala-
meda, Calif.

RARE EGGS :— I have just received a ship-
ment of desirable sets of Texan eggs, a few
with female parent skin, fully identified, also a
few common sets which I will close out at H
"Standard" list prices. First 13.00 gets a fine
American Crow skin free. First $5.00 order,
Amerif-an Bittern. Satisfaction guaranteed.
List for stamp. B. S. BOWDISH, Phelps.N.Y.

COLUMBIAN Stamps.— I offer anything I
may have in stock as per catalogue for unused
Columbian Stamps of over 10c denomination.
Send bj- registered mail. I can also use any
rare stamps listed by Scott at i.OO or over in
exchange. Address, WALTER F. WEBB, Al-
bion. N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE.— A fine collection of eight
hundred Foreign Stamps valued at from one to
fifty cents each for best offer in specimens or
supplies. FRED P. DRONE, 20 Benefit St.,
Providence, R. I.

NOTICE.— I have two Tax Receipts dated
1803 and 18 2. Also bill of sale of a negro boy
dated 1861. will exchange for eggs or skins. F.
R. NOBLE, South N. Drug Store, Nashville.
Tenn.

FOR EXCHANGE.— Several hundred finely
mounted birds, rare skins from Arizona and
Lower California and a few rare sets of eggs.
Would like skins and eggs in return. Send me
a list of what vou have to offer. Cash paid for
skins and eggs. JAMES P. BABBiTT, Taun-
ton, Mass.

MOUNTED BIRDS.— Nine western species
at less than value of skins. .50 cents buys a
mounted bird on a nice varnished stand. See
ad. In this number. F. T. CORLESS, Los
Gatos, Calif.

WANTED.— Coues' Key.Ridgeway's Manual,
Field glass, traps publications on hunting in
the Northwest, eggs and skins. Can offer 36
numbers of Our Living World (cost $9). also
eggs, skins, mounted birds, etc. Also a few
well trained ferrets for sale. NATH A •^ L .
DAVIS. Box 234, Brockport, N. Y.

FOR 30 DAYS ONLY,— The following offer
holds good until 30 days after the date of this
advertisement. For the sum of S2 I will send
the following sets of Birds eggs, Nos. 13. 13.
22, 37. 53, 60, 133, 135. 164. 311, 242. 304, 312. 378.
Eggs sent by express securely packed. Have
other ecss for sale verv cheap. Send for list.
W. L. FOXHALL, Tarboro. N. O.

THE OOLOGIST.

275

WANTED.— A quantity of flrst-class skins of
■Game birds, will offer for same fin« rare sets or
possibly cash. KIRKE B. MATHES, \lblou,
N. Y.

WANTED AT ONC'O.— 'Big Beetles, Small
•Crabs and Crawfish" in quantities of 100 or over
— Must be well dried and prepared and at low
rates, either in cash or exchange. FRANK H.
LATTIN, Albion, N. Y.

WANTED. U. S. postage stamps except Ic
and 3c 1890 and 2c 1893. Will give in exchange
-eggs in sets, foreign stamps, etc. GEO. W.
DE VN, Wick. Ohio.

I HAVE some fine sets of common birds eggs
which I win exchange for Stevens ritie in good
•condition, or second hand bicvcle cushion tires.
W. L. HART. 116 Lincoln Ave.. Canton, Ohio.

WANTED. A good make of bicycle, pneu-
matic tires and in fine condition. I can offer
for same rare and desirable sets or singles, a
small amount of cash, books, etc. I will give
-cash or eggs for Coues' Key latesfedition. Ad-
dress, H. SAYLES, JR., Alibene, Texas.

STAMPS.— Great bai'gains this month in my
packets. No. 10 contains 2.5 used and unused
rury Jint price ffic; No. .50. 15 unused 25c: 2U0 as-
sorted 1-c. Approval sheets a specialty. Net
pi'ices but lowest discount rates, contains only
•clean, bright, desirable stamps. H. M. GIL-
LET, Lebanon Springs, N. Y.

RARE EGGS IN SETS.— Since the last is.sue
of the OoLOGiST I have added many choice sets
to my already large stock. 1 can now offer to
advanced collectors many of our most showy
N. A. species in selected series designed to
show all variations. Some of the "New Ar-
rivals" are full sets with data of Western,
Holboells. Horned & Amer, Eared Grebe, Loons,
Puffins, all obtainoble Tarns, ditto Gulls, a
•choice series of Ducks and Geese with the orig-
inal nests of down, White Ibis. Wood Ibis,
and White-faced Glossy, Amer. and Least Bit-
terns. All Herons and Pelicans. Flamingos.
Rails. Coots, Phalaropes. Some Rare Sand-
piper. Plovers and Grouse, rare Doves. Hawks,
Owls. Eagles and Ravens. Also Hummers.
My series of Southern and far "north eggs are
unequalled. All of above and hundreds of
others will be priced low in my September bul-
lentin now out. Send stamp tor it at once.
Address, WALTER F. WEBB. Albion, N. Y.

FOR SALE.— My large collection of flrst-class
singles with data for sale at 60 per cent, off
Standard Catalogue rates. List below. As I
have only one single of most of the species,
please order soon. Send list of those you de-
sire to uurchase and all the eggs you want,
that have not already been sold, I will send you
on approval. List A. O. U. Nos. 5, 6. 13a, SO,
182. 181. 191, 192. 393, 289, 289b. 393. 3'6. 318, 319,
S'.'Oa, 326, 32.5, 329, 333,334a. a37 337a. 339. 340. 34.5,
346, :«8, 360, 362, 368. 369, 365. 374. 375a. 378. 385,
386, 387a, .390, 891, 393. 393b, 406. 410. 413. -'14. 430a,
431. 4;iO, 44.3. 446, 4.53, 4.53, 477,486,489,49.5.49.5a,
501, .501a, 503, 504. .506, .508, 513. ,5.52. 5.5?a. 560. 560a.
.570, .574a, .576. .5H1, 586. .587, 591b. .593, .593a. .594. 610,
ClOa. 611, 619, 6-i^ia, 633b, 624, 627. 639a, 643. 648
652. 6.57. 6.59. 663. 687, 702, 703, 704. 705, 706. 717a.
721.723a. 735. 725a, 735, 761.761a. 7.55 768. Eggs
sent postpaid when order amounts to 1.00 or
more. I will exchange any of the above sin-
gles also a few sets for a self-inking excelsior
printing press, chase not less iVi by 7;4, also
regular printing type, all kinds of printing
material, a good collection of foreign and U. S.
stamps, egg and skin cabinet. All answered.
Address, H. SAYLES. JR., Abilene. Texas.

SALE : Sale : Sale '. My collection 'of eggs
in sets with data. It goes cheap to the first
party meaning business. W. E. LOUCKS,
Peoria. Ills.

PETRIFIED Moss.— Fine specimens 10, 15
and 25c. Petrified leaves, specimens 10, 30 and
30c. ARTHUR B. ROBERTS, Weymouth.
Medina Co., Ohio.

My "For Sale" notice in the Augtist Oolo-
GiST has doubled its cost many times in returns
therefore I am highly pleased. F. C Elliot,
Tallahassee, Fla.

WILL GIVE liberal ex. in f oreigh CoZ^o/;-
tera and Lepidoptera named for Coleoptera of
the South named or unnamed. R. J. WEITH,
Elkhart, Ind.

TO EXCHANGE.— Eggs in sets and singles
for first class sets, egg calipers or copy of
Davie's Key cloth bound. CLARK B. IJAMS,
Cheyenne, Wyo.

WANTED.— A guitar. Will give good ex-
change in birds eggs, books and papers, shad-
ing pens and inks and other articles. Send for
lists, and describe instrument. E. J. BOTS-
FORD. Medina, N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE.— 1st class eggs in sets and
singles of this locality for same of Jothers.
Many common eggs wanted. C. G. COMEGYS,
Gainesville, Tex,

BARGAINS :— Parties desiring special bar-
gains in eggs, skins, minerals, Indian relics,
insects, books, etc., will do well to send stamp
for my bargain lists. B. S. BO WDISH,Phelps,
N. Y.

WONDERFUL :— For every 35 used Colum-
bian stamps .sent me, any kind, I will send in
retitm a beautiful moonstone in its natural
state. Persons sending less than 50 stamps
please enclose a 2c. stamp, unused. C. M.
HATFIELD, Los Angeles, Cal.

FOR SALE.— An Ithaca double barreled shot
gun and one Lovell Diamond Safety '93 model.
Write for particulars. BERYL HODGE, Ster-
ling, Kans.

I HAVE a 82 cal. Colt's repeating rifle, 1 set
of surgeons instruments valued at $25 also two
bird dogs S weeks old and 1 pair white ferrets
to exchange for North 'American birds eggs.
The other adv. of G. A, Smith's brought about
50 answers which were very satisfactory. W.
F. WEISMORE, Oakfield House, Oakfleld,N.Y.

TO EXCHANGE following in quantity for
quality. 3.50 first class eggs in sets for same
not in'my collection. I want Murre, Sea Birds.
Hawks, Owls, etc. Send list. JOHN HAMIL-
TON. Box 113, Petersburg. 111.

FOR SALE or EXCJHANGE.— My entire col-
lection of singles, with very lull data. Would
like sets or books on science, especially ornith-
ologv. All answered. FRED W. PARK-
HURST. Bath. N. Y.

FINELY prepared California sets with com-
plete data to exchange for desirable sets of
Eastern eggs, water birds preferred. I have
the following to offer: 385 l-i, 43ln-l, 462 n-3,
466 1-4, 476 1-7, 499 n-3 n-4 2-3 '2-4, 510 1-4 3-5, 519 1-4
2-5, .530 n-4 2-4 1-5, 581d 1-3, .591b n-3 2-3 2-4. 599 2n-3
n-4, 612 3-4, 620 n-2, 6.52 n-3. 7;;i3a 1-6. 7.58 1-3 1-4. All
nests subject to recently adopted list of Cooper
Orn. Club. Also singles of Farallone Cormor-
ant. Send lists at once. C. BARLOW. Box
13.5. Santa Clara, Calif.

276

THE OOLOGIST.

WANTED.— Riclge^vay■s Manual, and Nona-
enolature of Colors. Maynard's Eggs of North
American Birds, also strictliy first class bird
skins. Will give in exchange first class eggs
in sets with data. D. A. ATKINSON, Box 44,
Wilkinsburg, Penna.

JUST returned from collecting trip in North
Dakota. Have sets of Canvas-back. Ruddy,
Pintail, ReiJhead, Gadwall, Shoveller, Ameri-
can Goldeneye, B. W. Teal. Vi estern Grebe.
Rails, Terns, etc Send stamps for list of
either skins or eegs. Can use Cones' Key in
exchange. EDWIN S. BRYANT, Davison^
Mich.

FOR SALE at half price or Exchange.— Clean
and carefully prepared sets of California
Murre, Laughing Gull, Gull-billed Tern. Cabots
Tern, Forsters Tern. Common Tern. Black
Skimmer. Florida Cormorant, Brown Pelican,
Great Blue Heron. Green Heron, Black-crowned
N. Heron. Limpkin. Clapper Rail. Wilson's
Plover, Chestnut-bellied !r caled Partridge.
Chachalaca, White-winged Dove, Mexican
Ground Dove. Western Nig-hthawk. Texan
Nighthawk, Fish Crow. Red-winged Blackbind,
Seaside Sparrow, Texas Sparrow, Cardinal.
Sharpe's Seed-eater. Barn Swallow. Red-eyed
Vii-eo. Yellow Warbler, Yellow-breasted Chat,
Catbird, Brown Thrasher, Curve-billed Thrash-
er, Long-billed Marsh Wren. S. ROZYCKI,
SUIT G. St., N. W., Washington, D. C:

A BARGAIN in Mounted Sperimens! All
specimens are strictly first-class, finely mount-
ed on oil-finished pedestals.

BIRDS.

Bald Eagle $10 00

'• black plumage 6 50

Nighthawk 1 Uh

Red-breasted Merganser 3 .50

Wood Duck 3 00

Loon 7 00

Gt. Horned Owl 4 3.5

Barred Owl , 3 00

White-winged Scoter 3 00

Dovekie 3 2.5

Red-bellied Woodpecker 1 'Ih

Fox Sparrow 1 00

Brown Thrashf^r 1 00

White-bellied Swallow 1 00

Pint 'il Duck (in case) 6 00

American Bittern (in case) 6 00

Scaup Duck (in case) 6 00

MAMMALS.

Gray Fox S 7 .50

Baboon 20 00

Sooty Managbey 15 00

Black Sciuirrel 1 75

Red Bat (wings spread) 3 00

Bi-nwnBat'' •' 3 00

Head of Virginia Deer 10 00

Shrew, male 3 00

Fox Rug, with finely mounted head,

mouth open it's complete 13 00

Raccoon Rug 10 iX)

MOUNTED SKELETONS.

Mink $ 4 00

Parrot 3 00

Screech Owl 3 75

Gt. Blue Heron 6 35

Red Bat 2 35

Frog 3 00

Red Squirrel 3 2.5

SkiiU of Boa Constrictor 1 75

Bird Skins. Mounted Birds, Mammals, Rep-
tiles, etc. I make a specia'ty oi, line custom
nork in taxidermy. Send for price Lists. Raw
Furs bought in season. GEO. F. GUELF,
Practical Taxidermist, Brockport, N. Y.

Exchange Extraordinary.

As many collector* have now only returned
from there summer vacation and have not had
time to pack and send the eggs they desire to
exchange

I extend the offer contained

in August OuLOGiST until Oct 1st. My special-
ty is

Eggs in sets with full and
careful data, small holes, etc.,

all such sent me I will allow 10 per cent above
Standard Catalogue Kates. I need at once sets
or singles any ciuantltv 735, 7 IS, Rare Warblers,
634. 59S, 616, 633. 601, 610, 6U.5, .597, .587. .567. 549, 550,
604, 634, 627, 633b, 587a, .58 Id. 567, 554t), 5.53a, 546,
543a, .531.. 530, .'■H, 513. 511a, 510, 497, 494, 489, 488a,
485, 484, 479. 476, 474c, 466, 457-8, 447, any Hum-
mers and Nests, 416, 417, 418, 413, 409, 408. 405.
402, 393, 378, 375, 373, 373, 368. 367, b66. 353, 349, 345,
343, 3;39. 339a. 337. 337b. 833. 331. 339. 338. 327, 319,
305, 300, 397a, 295, 394. 389, v'61, 3,58, 338, 334, 215,
214. 313. 311, 308, 306. 20.5, 304. 197. 194. any Ducks,
108, 80, 74, 77, 69, 70, 71, 59, .58, 33, 27, 29, 16, 13, 7, 4,
3, 3, 1.

Send on any or all that are first-class. Where
parties offer their entire seasons take in sets I
will make a good offer in desirable Southern
eggs and others. Address,

WALTER F. WEBB,
ALBION, NY.

THE NAUTILUS.

A monthly devoted to the intesest^' of fon-
chologists. Edited and published by H. A. Pils-
bry, Academy of Natural Sciences and C. W.
Johnson, Wagner Free Institute, Philadelphia,
Pa. Send for sample copy.

EDO

§55.

Revolvers,
JRifles,

''Send »eiimp"'*«»^=i^Great Wester^ ^^
fcff Price List. OonWorks.Pittsborgh,?!!^

<^FINF^ NETS, TENTS, and

*^ *^ ** ~ *—*»*» SPORTING GOODS.

Evei'y description Of Guns, Revolvers, Ammu-
nition and Sporting Goods at very lowest pric-
es. We have somethlrfg of interest to you.

AGENTS

WANTED. Something new
Full particulars. One man
made $27.40 Iji one day. One
lady made St8 in one day.
Address Lock Box 113 A. B. P. CO., South Bend
Indiana. Mention Gotogist.

FRANK B. ARIMSTRONG,

TAXIDERMIST,

AND COLLECTOR AND DEALER IN

Bird and Mammal SMns, Birds Eggs

in fine sets, Reptiles, Mounted Birds

and Animals.
Brownsville, Texas, U, S. A.

When answering advertisements
always mention the "OOLOGIST."

The Oologist.

VOL. XI. NO. 9.

ALBION, N. Y., SEPT., 1894.

Whole No. 107

Nesting Habits of the Hooded Warbler-

This Warbler is quite common cei'-
tain seasons in Michigan and may be
found nesting in all sections where it
remains. However, like many other
species of birds, more particularly the
Warblers, it is variable in its choice of
location. Sometimes it is found quite
abundant during May and June, and
again in the same locality is noted only
with great difticultj'.

It arrives May first or later, and one
season I did not observe a bird until
Maj' 14, although the birds soon be-
came abundant after this date and nest-
ed in the locality. It is one of our shy-
est birds and to the ordinary collector
will remain unknown, although per-
haps abundant in the neighborhood.
For this I'eason we often see collections
of skins with a single specimen, and the
owner claims that the species is rare,
whereas the Warbler has been simply
overlooked.

The Hooded Warl)ler, Sylvania mi-
trata (Gmel.), usually arrives on the
southern boundar3' of Michigan, about
forty-two degrees north latitude, dur-
ing the first week in May. Nearly all
the birds pass further north, so it is
largely transient in this neighborhood.
Nevertheless the nests may be taken by
careful observers each season.

I think that the birds rarely sing dur-
ing migration and onl_y become musical
after settling for the summer. I have
heard the pleasing song-notes in the
second week in May and later, although
a sharp and characteristic call-note
may be given at any time.

This is one of those Warblers, who,
from their very shyness will remain un-
known, if the collector does not famil-
iarize himself with the song. How

often one meets collectors who call
themselves thorough naturalists, who
know next to-nothing regarding birds'
songs ana habits. There are unfor-
tunately far too many who think that
the whole business, science and pleas-
ure is summed up in simply robbing
nests and adding to the stock of eggs.

When I stroll with a companion, the
opinion I form of his qualitications is
largely due to his ability to identify
birds on the wing, or by the notes, or
if he can offer some notes of interest on
some species. I am but little interested
in long accounts of big climbs and
large collections. I have met men and
boj^s who did not collect, whose knowl-
edge of birds' habits made them much
more companionable than those who
could simply brag of their powers as
collectors. I cannot imagine a less in-
teresting person than the egg-crank
who knows dothing of nature, and who
thinks that robbing birds' nests is the
ultima thule of the science of nest-hunt-
ing.

The Hooded Flycatchiug Warbler has
three distinct songs, two of which are
commonly uttered during courting and
nesting, and when these songs are
heard one may rest assured that the
birds are nesting or will nest in the
woods.

It is extremely difficult to get a view
of this species Avhen it is singing and
I made many unsuccessful efforts be-
fore success followed. The singer
keeps in the underbrush and flits from
bush to bush keeping out of sight most
persistently.

When a strange song is heard in
wood or field a collector should always
search out the performer, and in this
way notes and nests of rare species
may be taken, or it may be that some

278

THE OOLOGIST.

unknown soug will prove to come from
a common bird which we have known
for years.

As usual, the first nest discovered,
May 27, '76, was found by accident on a
hill in a beech and maple woods about
two miles north of Kalamazoo. The
nest was in a small beech bnsh and
was placed in a trifid fork at about
thirty inches above the ground. There
was an abundance of undergrowth all
about and the place was retired and
seldom visited.

I knew at once that the find was new
to me, and as I had not seen the old
bii'd leave the nest, took my bearings
and left the two treasures, with one of
the Cowbird, to return for a full set
and complete identification later.

Two days afterward the spot was
again visited and the crawl to the nest
through the bushes Avas so carefully
made that I was permitted to view the
female setting and also to see the male
near.

As there were still but two Warbler
eggs they were appropriated. The
nest was largely composed of bleached
maple leaves of the previous year.
These leaves, showing almost white on
the sides and' bottom, gave a very
pleasing appearance to the structure.
The interior was lined 'vith fine roots
and grape vine bark. Altogether it
was a very clever piece of bird archi-
tecture and was compact, and more-
over was quite unique, as I have seen
no other nests which closely resembled
it. Acro.ss the top it measured slightly
over four inches, four high externally,
while the internal measurements were
two and a half inches each.

On May 311 found another nest and
also two others on June 6th and 9th of
the same year, 1876. Two of the nests
contained three slightly incubated eggs
each. One nest held a single egg
which I was foolish enough to take
with the nest, thinking that the locality
was too distant to revisit, and that the

species had become abundant for all
time. •

The first and second nests were
found in the same patch of woods. I
also found another, a fifth nest vacant
in these woods, and waited a week and
then beheld a Baltimore Oriole's egg
in it. * A fifth nest was discovered in
a spruce bush, Lindera 6e?ixom,in alow
piece of wet woods of basswood, ash
and elm. The structure was entii'ely
different from the others, all of which
were placed in beech or maple bushes
from two to four feet up and in beech
and maple forests.

The eggs which I took varied in
length from .71 to .74 and in smallest
diameter from .53 to .58 of an inch.
The eggs are white with a greater or
less number of spots of red principally
at the larger end where they of tea form
a ring, but sometimes scantily over the
entire surface. In some eggs there are
small olackish dots in the wreaths of
the larger ends.

In the years '77 to '85 I found this
species common a'nd musical in May
and June in various parts of the state
but was generally engaged with other
birds so that I did not find time to look
up the nests. The species is abundant
in St. John, Ottawa, Kent, Van Buren
and Montcalm counties.

This Warbler has very agreeable
notes, and the song is so well marked,
that when noted by an observer of bird
notes, he has no trouble in identifying
the songster. If a Hooded Warbler
is heard singing there will be no un-
certainty in predicting that there is or
will be a nest in that immediate neigh-
borhood.

The birds are never taken in fields
and rarely seen in half- wooded places.
Their choice seems to be heavy forests
with a thick growth of bushes. Dming
migration I have shot this Wai'>bler in

* This singular find occurred a day or so
af ter a severe storm . Perhaps the Oriole lost
its o wn nest and made use of this empty one.

THE OOLOGIST.

379'

high trees, and it, like other members
of the family, migrates largely at night.
One was brought to me which had been
killed at night by Hying against the
electric light in the city.

After July 1st it is unusual to see a
specimen as they are so careful to con-
ceal their movements. I know nothing
about the time of their departure.
This is an elegant bird; vivacious and
most: interesting.

Morris Gibbs.

Oology vs. Philately.

I am going to give the detinitious of
Oology and Philately, so as to illustrate
that stamp collecting is simply collect-
ing and amassing bits of paper, and
Oology is the collecting and studying of
something higher, but shall look to a
more correct authox'ity (on these spec-
ial subjects) than Webster, and for Ool-
ogy I know of no better definition than
given by "Eugene Pericles" in his admir-
able article in the December Oologist,
which is as follows: "Oology is a
branch of Ornithology." And he goes
on to state the difference between the
true and the sham study, etc., (you
should read the piece) and may I add to
his definition, a most interesting man-
ner of studying Natui'e and her feath-
ered creatures.

Philately, as defined by the Century
Dictionary, is the fancy for collecting
and classifying postage stamps and
revenue stamps as objects of curiosity,
also the occupation of making such
collection. The above definitions are
acknowledged to be correct by the best
authorities on such subjects.

Oology may not be a gi'eat and glor-
ious occupation; it may not entitle any-
one to very great praise and distinc-
tion who have followed it as long and
devotedly as I have; but the true pleas-
ure, the pleasant moments and exhilir-
ation amply pay me for any praise or
distinction that I may have lost by my

study of Nature, her birds and their
eggs. Oology is an education itself.
All true Oologists are close observers of
what goes on around and about them,
acute observers of nice distinctions'
careful observers of things that are
rare and all these insensibly inculcates
habits of study, which are in themselves
of immense value. And boys, they are
requisites of a successful business man.
And everyone will admit upon reflec-
tion that it has developed faculties with-
in himself that have aided and influ-
enced his after life. I am, therefore, a
warm advocate of the study of Oology.
The devotees are not in as many num-
bers as those of Philately. The latter
number over one million. We are
however, brave and true in spirit.

Philately is simply a fancy for collect-
ing, this is acknowledged by their best
writers, and is not a deep love as in
Oology. It is engaged in by curious
people and not by the careful and stud-
ious persons who pursue the study of
Oology. Philately is easily taken up-
as soon dropped— and of very little im-
portance. Stamps are engraved and
made by man; but each bird and egg is
a fitting representative of Nature's
greatness.

Some writers contend that stamp col-
lecting relieves the mind from business
and other cares; it does to a certain ex-
tent, but as the pastime is pursued in-
doors, it does not relieve the mind
body and soul, give any exercise as
tramps in the midst of forests.

If you are a stamp collector, or stand
dabbling one hand in Oology and the
other in Philately, my earnest advice is
to exchange or do away with your
stamps, even if you have to do it at a
sacrifice, for some good well identified
eggs to begin a collection, and the
study of Oology, or if you already have
a collection of eggs then add to it.

Also study the birds of your locality,
their habits and eggs; keep eyes, ears
and note-book open; and last but.

280

THE OOLOGIST.

Dot least become a subscriber to the

OoLOGIST.

I really believe that if Philatelists
were aware of how I feel and think
when collecting and studying our birds
and their eggs, stamp dealers would
have to go in pursuit of another busi-
ness. At the out-set it is as well to re
mind those about to plunge themselves
in the most fasinating study and pas-
time that there is no royal I'oad to Oo-
logy any moi-e than there is to any
other study or amusement.

A question will naturally be asked,
why do people collect stamps? simply
this, it affords them some pleasure.
Nothing more or less. And why do
people collect and study birds and
their eggsV It affords them not only
pleasure, but study, a love of great and
glorious things, recreation, exercise
and the promotor of all things which
tend to make nobler manhood and
womanhood.

John H. Jacksox.

El Paso, Tex.

A Beautiful Hummingbird's Nest-

One Sunday while sitting under one
of the large cypress trees on the left
hand side of a lane, near St. Matthew's
school at San Mateo, CaL, I heard a
buzzing noise and looking around for a
while I discovered a Hummingbix-d
about to alight on a twig some three
inches from the ground.

As soon as it had alighted it began to
pick little bits of moss from the trunk
of the tree. When it had enough it
flew across the lane and into a small
slippery elm tree where it perched on
a branch and began weaving the moss
into some hair which laid, the founda-
tion for her nest.

Seeing that she returned to the twig
to get moss every time, I thought I
would play her a trick, so I got some
cotton and put it on the ground under
the twig and waited to see the result.

She soon came back for more moss
and when she saw the cotton she took
that,

I now left her knewing that if I both-
ered her she would destroy her nest.

When I came a few days later I was
rewarded with a beautiful white nest
and two eggs.

Sherman Bagg.

Shapes of Eggs.

Various attempts have been made
says The Scientific America7i, to ac-
count for the diversity in shai^e seen in
eggs. A recent study convinces Dr.
Nicholsky that the difference may be
all traced to gravity, and he finds his
idea confirmed by all the eggs in the
zoological collection of the St. Peters-
burg University. He supposes that
l^ressure by the sides of the ovary tends
to elongate the egg before the shell has
hardened. In birds which keep a ver-
tical position while at rest, as do the
falcon and the owl, the soft escg is
made short by the action of the weight
of the body against the ovarian pi-ess-
ure; while in birds like the grebe that
ai'e nearly always swimming, the egg
is lengthened because the bird's weight
acts with the compression by the ovar^'.
The egg is made more pointed at one
end than at the other in birds that, like
the guillemot, are frequently changing
their position — sometimes swimming
and diving, sometimes perching on the
rocks, etc.

Western New York Naturalists' Association.

The annual meeting of the W^estern
New York Naturalists' Association will
be held in Brockport, Thursday, Octo-
ber 4tb. All persons interested in Nat-
vu'al Science are invited to be present
at the evening session which will be
devoted to the reading and discussion
of scientific papers, and exhibition of
colUections.

For particulars address,

Geo. F. Guelf, Sec'y.
Brockport, N. Y.

THE OOLOGIST.

281

Notes From Audubon's Biography-
Part IY.

Soon aftei* the arrival of Audubou's
party in Boston Audubon's son, Victor
(iitTord Audul)on, sailed for England to
supei'intend the publication of the
"Birds of America;" while Audubon re-
sumed his researches. At Boston Au-
dubon was attacked by a severe illness,
but, "thanks to Providence and his
medical friends Parkman, Shattuckjand
Warren," h e was soon enabled to pro-
ceed with his labors. A sedentary life
being the cause of his sickness, Audu-
bon resolved to set out once more with
his note-book and gun; ai:d desiring to
explore the bleak wilds of Labrador, he
returned eastward with his youngest
son, John Woodhouse Audubon, and
soon after was joined by four young
gentlemen, all fond of Natural History,
among whom was Thomas Lincoln, the
son of Audubou's old friend. Judge
Lincoln of Deunisville.

At Eastport, Maine, Audubon and
his little exploring parly chartered a
beautiful little vessel, the "Ripley," un-
der the command of Mr. Henry W
Emmery. On the day appointed for
the departure of the party the wharf
was crowded with their friends and ac-
quaintances who had come to see them
off; and they were most of them agree-
abl}' surprised when as the stars and
.stripes shot to the mastheaxl, a salute
was lired from the guns of tlic fort
whidi towered over the l^ay on which
the beautiful "Ripley" lay at anchor.
As they passed the Revenue Cutter at
anchor her ibrave captain paid them
a similar honor, after which he came
on board the "Ripley" and piloted the
party through a very dillicult outlet.

The ne.xt day, favored by a good
breeze, they jjroceeded at a rapid rate,
and passing through the (iut of Canso,
launched into the liroad waters of the
(4ulf of St. Lawrence, and made sail

for the Magdelen Islands. There sev-
eral days were profitably spent, and
proceeding thence they came in sight
of the famous "Gannet Rock," where
countless numbers of Solan Geese were
nesting. A gale coming up, they reef-
ed their sails and headed for the coast
of Labrador, which was sighted next
morning, and the "Ripley" was at
length safely anchored in American
Harbor. After a summer very pleas-
antly spent in Labrador, they embark-
ed again in the "Ripley" and stopped
long enough at N_9yvfoundland to ex-
plore a portion of its woods and rivers.
Landing at Pictou, N&va Scotia, they
left the "Ripley" and proceeded to
Eastport, Maine, with their collection
of specimens.- While in Pictou they
called on Professor McCulloch, by
whom they were received in a most
cordial manner, and were shown his
superb collection of Northern birds;
and Audubon was presented with rare
skins, eggs and nests. At St. Johns,
New Brunswick, Audubon had the
plea.sure of meeting his old friend, Ed-
ward Harris of New York. Letters
from his son in England were handed
him by Mr. Harris, which compelled
Audubon to abandon his contemplated
trip through the woods of Quebec; and
he immediately proceeded to Boston,
where his wife was, and with her and
his youngest son hurried on to New
York, where Audubon added a number
of subscribers to his list. It was neces-
sary for Audubon to spend the winter
in the south, and he therefore deter-
mined to set out immediately. He ar-
rived in Charleston in October, 1883.
Circumstances rendered impossible his
projected trip along the Gulf of Mexico
and the Floridas, and for that reason,
after spending the winter in Charleston
with Dr. Bachman, he rt turned to New
York in March. 'J'aking leave of his
fri(!nds in New York he embarked on
the packet-ship, tlic "North America,"

282

THE OOLOGlSt.

with an accession of sixty-two subscrib-
ers and a large amount of specimens.

On Audubon's return from the upper
Mississippi, he found himself obliged to
ci'oss one of the wide prairies, which in
that part of the United States vary the
appearance of the country. His march
was of long duration, and he saw the
sun sinking l)eneath the horizon long
befox-e he coidd perceive any appear-
ance of woodland, and nothing in the
shape of a man had he met the whole
day. Soon, however, he saw a fire-
light and moved towards it. full of con-
fidence that it pr(,ceeded from the
camp of some wandering Indians. He
was mistaken, however, and discovered
by the glare that it was from the hearth
of a small log cabin, and that a tall fig-
ure passed and repassed between him
and the fire. Reaching the spot he re-
qnested a night's lodging, and was an-
swei'ed that he could stay if he wished.
He walked in and took a stool by the
fire. A young Indian was in the room,
who at Audubon's approach pointed to
one of his eyes, which was covered with
blood. While in the act of discharging
an arrow at a raccoon the shaft had
split upon the cord and sprung back
with such violence as to destroy his
I'ight eye. It being rather late, as Au-
dubon observed by a tine gold watch
which he took from his pocket, which
attracted the covetous eyes of the hag
who owned the cabin, he inquired for
his bed. The woman wished to see the
watch, and taking it from the chain,
Audubon handed it to her. She was in
ecstasy over it. The Indian i-ose from
his seat and passed Audubon several
times and pinched him silently. His
eyes met those of the naturalist and his
look instantly put Audubon on his
guard. It then dashed across Audu-
bon's mind that he was in peril. He
asked the woman for his watch, wound
it up, and under pretense of wishing to
see liow the weather was, picked up his
gun and walkeii out of the cabin. As

soon as he was outsider he slipped a
couple of bullets in his gun, renewed
the primings and scraped the edges of
the flint. A short time elapsed after
Audubon went to bed, when two stal-
wart youths made their appearance.
They asked for whiskey and at the same
time asked who the stranger was. The
woman told them and at the same time
made mention of Audubon's watch.
Soon the woman took u}) a huge butch-
er knife and with the greatest coolness
proceeded to sharpen it. Her task fin-
ished she walked to her reeling sons
and said. "There, that'll soon settle
him!" Audubon turned silently, whis-
pered to his dog and lay ready to start
up and shoot his assailants. The in-
fernal hag was advancing slowly, prob-
ably contemplating the best manner in
which to dispose of her victim. Audu-
bon was several times on the point of
rising and shooting her, but as he was
about to do so the door opened sudden-
ly and two stout travellers entered,
each with a long rifle on his shoulder.
Audubon bounded to his feet and told
them of his peril. The drunken sons
were secured and the woman shared
the same fate. In the morning they
unbound the feet of the captives,
marched them into the road, set fire to
their cabin and gave all the skins and
implements to the j'ouug Indian. This
was the one and only occasion when
Audubon was in danger of his life fi'om
his fellowmen.

Fked W. Pakkhurst,
Bath, Steuben Co., N. Y.
(to be continued.)

Crane Island.

In one of the fairest of the Minnesota
lakes, not very many miles from the
Twin Cities, there is situated a small
island, perhaps forty acres in extent,
where large numbers of Great Blue
Heron and Double-crested Cormorant
congregate to breed.

THE OOLOGIST.

283

The islaud is known as Cnine Island
for the Herons are known only by that
name in the country round aljout and
the Cormorants are conmionly called
Black Loons.

Shortly after the ice breaks up in the
spring, a Heron or a Cormorant may
here and there be seen in his flight to
the North, but it is not until the middle
of May that the nests here are finished
and the eggs deposited.

The nests of the Herons are built en-
tirely of sticks and I should judge are
about two feet and a half in diameter
by three-fourths of a foot in thickness,
while those of the Cormorants are not
much more than half as large in diam-
eter l)Ut are much thicker in proportion
and made of smaller sticks.

Both are quite Hat at the top. I have
heard that a complement of Heron's
eggs is commonly three or four.

When this island first became inhab-
ited is beyond the memory of the oldest
settler, but the depth of the loam migiit
indicate that for a long period here has
been a nesting place. At any rate the
Itirds still come and still go and eacii
spring brings tiicm back seemingly un-
diminished ill iMimljers despite the fact
tiiat cottages arc, now yearly rising on
the shores.

I reniemix r \<-ry clearly my first \isit
here a few yea is ago and tlu; delightful
surprise it gii\ e me.

We had been tishing and la/ily lloat-
ing along most of the day when late in
the afternoon we turned a i)oint and
came in sight of seveial small islands
and the forest shores rising in low
blidTs beyond.

It was a calu) clear summer after-
noon with not a ripple stirring the
waters and the shadows that were cast
into the lake \\ ere almost as lilelike as
the shores tli(;msei\es.

From all dircelioiis came the Herons
lazilj' winging their way to one of the
islands and occasionally a swifter Cor-
morant skinjme«l along t'le surface of
the water.

From the distance the clatter of the
combined efforts of the denizens of
Crane Island came clearly to our ears
for it was so calm that the creaking of
an oar might be heard half a mile away.

In our wonderment and delight at
the beauty of the scene we could hardly
resist the temptation to row neai'er and
it was not long before we reached the
island. We frightened a Woodchuck
into his hole in our ascent up the stony
bank, some larger animal moved away
in the weeds at the top and in a minute
or two we had picked our way through
the brush and smaller trees that skirt
the edge and were standing underneath
the nests. '

The island was covered with mam-
moth elms whose spreading tops almost
intertwined with one another forming
a' sort of canopy overhead.

Here would be a tree that would con-
tain a nest oi- two and there one that
would contain a dozen mostly situated
on the branches some distance out from
the trunk.

Herons and Cormorants dwelt side
by side often nesting in the ditfereut
crotches of the saiiie limb.

Never did two nmre different birds
dwell together in mote ucriVct harmony.

The s(]uabbles of a bii-d seem to be
with his own kind only ami a race war
is out of the ([Ui'Stion. I fear it would
go hard with the Cormorants if they
did fight.

Now the form of a Heron is seen
above the trees, a i)air of long legs is
(.Iropped and the bird alights with an
awkward balancing motion as if he e.\-
])ected the limb to break olT with him.

There is a continual clatter as if all
were trjdng to talk at once. I call it
clatter out of want of another name,
for it is a mi.igilng of the s<iuawks of
the Heron and thr) chattering noise of
the Cormorant.

Occasionally the sounds die almost
out but a Heron gives vent to a harsh
cry and all immediately begin again.

384

THE OOLOGIST.

A commotion overhead attracts our
attention and two Herons stand face to
face with wings spread backward and
open bills as if they were hissing at
each other, for they do hiss when en-
raged, but they s<ion quiet down.

Beneath the trees the ground was al-
ternately covered with tracts devoid of
vegetation and patches of rank weeds
which grew to the height of three or
four feet, in places head high. As we
parted these weeds in front of us and
went from tract to tract we examined
with eager interest all that lay before
us, now turning over a nest that had
fallen now poking about the bones of a
fallen bird.

Everywhere there were the remains
of fish, frogs and even mice and scat-
tered about in abundance were the blue
egg shells of the Herons and the chalky
shells of the Coi'morants.

One thing particularly noticeable
was the number of holes of animals who
no doubt grubbed an excellent living
from tish that had been dropped.

I say '"particularly noticeal}le" for
the reason that one was very apt to run
his foot in one while gazing skyward.

On returning I persisted in carrying
a Heron's nest down to the boat and
tilling up one end of it, to the disgust of
the rest of the party, having tine ideas
of varnishing each stick and reposing it
gracefully in one corner of my room,
but the novelty of the thing having
worn ofl'. the remarks ot my compan-
ions at last persuaded mc to throw it
overboard.

We set out towards home in one of
those golden twilights, when the watei's
are illuminated sometime after the sun
has gone down.

But even this soon must fade and as
it faded the noise of the birds became
less and less boisterous till finally it
died away altogether and when we
reached the point the sounds of our
voices and the splashing of the oars
alone broke the stillness of a starlight
night.

I have since come to spend my sum-
mers on a lake not very far from this
one and have seen much of both of the
birds in question.

No marsh Avithin five miles of the is-
land is complete without its Heron or
(juota of Herons and I have often seen a
dozen around one small lake standing
statue like in the bogs.

Sometimes they are found in these
places at night and the harsh cries of
one flying across th3 waters after dark
ma}' often be heard.

As to captive Herons it is xcry often
d'fficult to get them to eat. especially if
they are old ones, yet 1 know of one
that after being let loose returned reg-
ularly at meal times for his allowance.
I once obtained one that had been
wounded and fastened him by a small
rope so that he could wade about on
the shore of the lake. He most obsti-
nately refused all food and prefered to
spend his time standing in one position
all day long, and we linally had to
shoot him.

They occasionally put in their aji-
pearance in front of the cottages in the
early morning in search of of ti>h left
along the shore, and they seem to know
verj' well when the people are stirring
for they are not caught there aftrr the
earliest morning hours.

At a l)oathouse a few miles from the
island, they had a large box, open at
the to]), standing in a few inches of
water where frogs and minnows intend-
ed for bait were kept.

For several mornings the keepers
found great losses to ha\e occurred in
the rank'sjjf the frogs and tishes and fi-
nally one man put in his appearance at
daybreak to catch the intruder. He
found a most contented Heron inside
the box calmly helping himself, who,
when he saw that he was observed,
made off at a rapid rate. The next
morning vengence was decided upon
and the man laid concealed with a shot
gun, but the bird had made his farewell

THE OOLOGIST

285

appearance for he was not seeu.neither
were they ti'oubled with him again.

They are particularly treacherons
like the rest of the Heron family and
will strike for one's eyes every time. I
have read two accounts of persons los-
ing an eye about this very lake.

A captive one makes no distinction
between keeper or stranger, and one is
as apt to strike suddenly out after be-
ing carressed and handled for days as
when first captui'ed and they strike
with no little force for at one place
they exhibit a pine wood oar with a
Heron's bill protruding twx) inches
thn ugh it and which was done by hold-
ing the oar in front of an enraged bird.

It is said that the county authorities
have forbidden the shooting of the Her-
ons for they are excellent scavengers
and keep the shores clear of dead fish,
frogs and the like, and help in a meas-
ure to keep down the mice and snakes.
Not so much attention is paid to the
Cormorants who spend their time in
diving about the lakes catching tish.
A tourist may occasionally bag one of
these birds by way of novelty and I
have heard of persons engaging in the
brutish sport of killing them in num-
bers from beneath the nests, but the
law is geuei'ally kept and they are per-
mitted to liy across the passes unharm-
ed.

When the young are able to fly the
Herons may often be seen winging
about by two's and three's, but soon
after only solitary birds are seen.

They begin to disapi)ear one by one
as they leave for the more fertile
marshes, and by the middle of August
the island is left to the Cormorants and
the spirits and hobgoblins that, it is
hinted, inhabit the i)lace.

The Cormorants bunch together and
may be seen flying acro-ss the water or
banging about the island until the cold
weather forces them to leave for a
warmer climate.

H. M. Guilford,
Minneapolis, Minn.

Notes on the Phoebe.

There is a strong tendency among
naturalists in general to study the hab
its and characteristics of the more rare
birds and animals. There is probably
not one amateur ornithologist in one
hundred, in New England, but what
could give a better off-hand description
of the habits of the Golden Eagle, which
he probably never saw, than of the
Robin, which for four or five months in
everj' year, he sees alinost daily; or of
the Poa3be, which, perhaps, annually
builds its nest in his woodshed. And
yet this little bird is well worthy of a
careful study.

Probably thex'e is no bird which is
burdened with a greater variety of
names. Scientifically, it is known as
Muscicapa J'usca, Sayornis fusca and
Sayornis phaebe. Commonly, it is
knoAvn as Phcebe, Hou.se Pewee, Fly-
catcher, Pewit, Bridge Bird, Moss Bird,
Pewee and Pewit Flycatcher; and I pre-
sume I have not enumerated one half
of its names. It is migratory, arriving
in this locality early in April and de-
parting about the middle of October.
It is very much attached to one locality
and if undisturbed in its nesting it will
I'eturn each season to the same place.
It loses little time, after its return, in
seeking a nesting place, but almost im-
mediately begins to build. Last spring
I found a half-completed nest, on the
nineteenth day of April. I did not
visit this nest again until the middle of
June, when I found two freshly laid
eggs in the nest, and unmistakable
signs that one brood had been raised
and had left the nest.

April twenty-fourth I found a nest
nearly completed. I visited this nest a
week later and found three eggs
These were removed and in ten days I
again visited it and found four more
eggs. These were not disturbed. I
did not see this nest again until about
the middle of June, and then it was

38G

THE OOLOGIST.

ahaudouod and 1 saw no signs of any
of those birds in the vicinity. About
the middle of July, however, I again
visited it and found four or five young
birds just beginning to lly.

Another nest was found about the
fir^t of May, containing five eggs nearly
hatched. These \\ ere removed and
two weeks later thei'e were four more
eggs. Tliese were not disturl)ed. 1
visited the nest three or four times be-
fore the young were able to tly. Then
the iH^st was aiii)areutly aljandoneti for
about a week, when the birds again
took possession of it and laid four eggs.
I have found dozens of nests in which
I know that but one brood was raised,
but I have also found Inany in June
and some as late as Jidy, just in the
process of construction, and I am very
confident that this bird always rears
two, and possibly three broods eacli
season; and as I have shown it some-
times uses the same nest for the second
brood. It does not, however, use the
same nest two years in succession, but
I have known it to tear an old nest to
pieces and build in the same place; and
I have known it to build the new nest
but a few inches from the old and to
use tlie greater part of the old nest in
l)uilding the new.

'J'he nest is made of dried grass,
thickly cemented with mud, and cov-
ered, upon the outside, with a kind of
brow 11 moss which it transplants so
neatly ihnt it fn^tuently takes root and
grows. The interior is"lined, first with
a thick hijer of soft hay and then one
of feathers. Its walls are very thick
and strong, and considering the size of
the bird, the Lest is rather large. In
size and shape, and sometimes in loca-
tion, it resembles the nest of the Robin,
but its covering of moss prevents its
ever biing mistaken for such. It has
been describad as resembling the nest
of the Barn Swallow. It dilfers from
this however in its covering of moss
and it has a gieater proportion of hay

mixed with the mud of its walls, though
not as much as that of the Robin.
Then, too, the nest of the Phoebe is in-
variably built upon a shelf or project-
ion, while that of the Barn Swallow is
almost always glued to the perjjendicu-
lar side of a rafter and supported only ^
by the cohesion of its particles and its
adhesion to the rafter.

The Phojbe always bnilds where
neither wind nor rain nor the direct
rays of the sun can reach its nest. I
have sometimes found its nest under a
bridge, but generally it prefers an open
woodslu'd or a dilapitated jjuilding.
In this immediate vicinity, where a
great (juautity of maple sugar is made,
sugar houses are a favorite resort. It
fre(iuently nests in barns, but I have
never found two net>ts occupying the
same building at the same time. In
choosing its location within a building
it seems to prefei the surface of a nar-
row board, nailed to the under side of
the lafters or overlays. But it some-
times !■ elects exceedingly curious
phices. ] once found a nest built upon
the nest of a Chimney Swift. This nest
I (iescribed in the June number of the
OciLOGiST, in an article entitled, -'Notes
upon the Barn Swallow." Once I
found one built against a beam and
resiing only upon a large rail. I have
foiiiid sevctral built in false mortices,
aii<l one in an old chimney in a hole
from which a brick had been taken.
Another was on the top of a post about
six feet from the ground, and still au-
otl.er on a small horizontal pole sus-
pended by a rope in such a manner as
to lie almost continually swinging.

'I'he eggs are of a milky whiteness,
with a round spot on the large end. of
a little diti'erent shade, which disap-
pears with the blowing. Sometimes,
but not often, there are very minute
bhick spots upon it. The number of
eggs in a nest varies from four to eight,
but live is by far the most common
number. After having completed the

THE OOLOGIST.

287

masonry of the uest, the old bh'd al-
lows three or four days to elapse, and
then lines it. Layinpf is then began
and one egg is laid every clay until the
set is complete. Generally a few days
then elapse before incubation begins.
So far as I have been able to delcr-
mine, the period of incubation is four-
teen days, but from the difficulty of as-
certaining just when it begins, I do not
make this as a positive assertion. 'J'he
old birds are very affectionate townids
each other and mate for life and wlien
not searching for food the male is -it-
ting upon the edge of the nest. He
never attempts to feed the young l)ii<ls,
though he may bring food to tlic fe-
male. The food of this bird consists
entirely of insects which it in\ aria My '
catches while upon the wing.

Early in the spring this bird has a
vei-y pleasant note, from the sound of
which several of its names are derived.
As nearly as I can write it, or as nearly
as letters can reproduce it, the oote is
pec-wee, sounded very plaintively, but
in a tone that can be heard a long way
off. When its nest is disturbed it hops
around uneasily and somewhat plain-
tively says peet-peet. I believe these
are its only notes.

C. O. OimsBEE,
Montpelier, Vt.

me that old Black. Uail. -It will help
me to climb.

"You Loon,'" said Will, "you can
Knot climb that tree." "I can," says
Bob, "Ani ain't no Booby like you."
Poor Will, his feelings wei'c hurt, his
eyelids began to Flicker and Snowjlahc
peax'ly moisture trickled down his
cheeks.

Bob at last managed to climb the ti'ee
Puffin fvom exhaustion. He exclaimed,
"This heat would Turnslo7ie to water!"
Very carefully he creeps along the
limb for the Least Tern and he will
fall. After much trouble and exertion
he reaches the uest— empty. Let us
draw a curtain over this unhappy scene.
Clinton M. Gary,
New York City.

Conglomeration.

HASH.

There is a boy in our town, his name
is Bob While. He is always Robin birds
nests for he is an egg collector One
lime while out collecting with his chum
Will he spied a nest. ''Cedar Wax-
wing?' he exclaimed. "I Sora fly.
There must be eggs in that nest. It is
a difficult tree to climl^ and Ilvff on
one's shins; the nest is out on the end
of that limb. Willct hold me do you
thinkv I guess you had bettor hand

Button's Vireo.

This is one of the most interesting
birds which I had the pleasure of meet-
ing during my tirst season in Oregon.
My first set was collected May 31, 1892,
from a nest found by my father. The
nest was a light structure, hanging from
a fir limb, five feet from the ground
and ten feet from the tree, composed of
grass and moss, lined with fine rootlets,
and measuring two inches in diameter,
by one and one-half deep, inside, and
three and one-half by two a::d one-half
outside. It contained five little beau-
ties, pure white, speckled with two
shades of reddish brown, mostly at the
larger end. They measui'e 75x54, 76x
53, 77x54, 75x54, 76x54.

On June 6th, father found another
nest belonging to the same birds and
parlly built of materials from the old
nest. It contained one egg.

June 10th, we went up and examined,
finding that it still contained but one
egg. Apparently the bird on seeing
father remembered its former exper-
ience and thought best to leave; though
this would ai)pear to credit the bird

288

THE OOLOGIST.

with the power of learning by exper-
ience which dots not exactly agree
with the definition of instinct. The
Hutton's Vireo remains with us though-
cut the winter and is usually seen in
company with the Oregon Chickadee.
Fked H. Andrus,
Elkton, Ore.

Protect Our Birds-

Dear Editor:

As I read the pages of the June Oolo-
GiST I was very much impressed by the
article under the head "Pi'otect Our
Bii'ds." It seemed to me, as I I'ead
that article, that it ought to be endors-
ed by every true oologist and lover of
nature.

The writer in that article speaks of
some collectors taking from -'five to
twenty-five sets of the same species;
while they are identically the same in
marking, size and shape."

Ml", Grady remarked also that if this
wholesale destruction of our birds con-
tinues what will become of them? And
Mr. Editor, what will become of them?
I think the one great trouble is, that
so many of our so-called ornithologists
are using (rifles) in a way that is shame-
ful to the public. The 7 shoot every
little bird that comes in their sight.

Of course, it is necessary to shoot a
bird once in a while, in order to tell
what species it is; but when a collector
takes from ten to twenty eggs of the
same bird I do not think that he has to
shoot the old birds every time in oitler
to tell the kind.

If some of our collectors would stop,
and reason with themselves, they
would soon learn that God never put
our birds on this beautiful earth to be
slaughtered in the way that they have
been; or, to have their nests robbed in
such a shameful manner.

I am very glad that Mr. Grady wrote
this article, for if some of our so-called
collectors can comprehend anything,

thej' will soon see that Mr. Grady's ar-
ticle is worthy of example.

And in closing, let me add, "Pro-
tect OUR BIRDS."

P. S. — I have been taking your very
useful paper for seven months and /
am very much pleased with it.

Chas. C. Swisher,
Wyoming Co., Penn.

An Albino Nighthawk.

Some parties while hunting near
Lynch burg, Va., Aug. 29, 1887, killed an
albino Nighthawk. This bird was
pure white excepting the breast which
was very faintly marked with light
yellow.

Two other albino Nighthawks have
been seen near the same locality, but
this is the only one which has been
killed, as far as I know. Are there any
other records on hand of albino Night-
hawks? J. W. D.. Jr.

Some Twice Occupied Nests.

On April 15, '94, I found a set of Eng-
lish Sparrow's eggs in an old Wood-
pecker's hole. This hole was lined
with horse hair and straw.

On May 10, 1894, I took a set of Blue-
bird's eggs from a hole in a maple tree.
On May 20, '94, I took another set of
four. This cavity had been used before
by a pair of Crested Flycatchers.

On May 30, '94, I found a nest of four
young Red-wing Blackbirds in a nest
that had been built and used by a
Black-throated Bunting.

On June 16, '94, I found a set of
Bluebird eggs in a hole previously oc-
cupied by a Red-.>ihafted Flicker.

On June 19 I found a set of Wren's
eggs in a hole previously occupied by a
Woodpecker.

On July 10 I found a set of Mourn-
ing Dove's eggs in a nest built and used
l)y a Robin.

W. E. Williams,
Lawrence, Kansas.

THE OOLOGIST.

289

The Oologist.

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to

OOLOGY AND ORNITHOLOGY.

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ALBION, N. Y.

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or Post Office Money Order, Registered Letter or
Postal Note. Unused U. S. Postage Stamps of
any denomination will be accepted for sums un-
der one dollar. Make Money Orders and Drafts
payable and address all subscriptions and com-
munications to FRANK H. LATTIN,

Albion, Orleans Co., N. Y.

*.* Articles. Items of Interest and Queries
for publication should be forwarded as early in
the mouth as possible.

'S6 MATTER.

You Are a Judge.

Yoiu" decision mu.st be mailed us not
later than the first day of September.
Write on back of a postal card the five
articles which you have decidecl to be
the viost valuable, instr^iciive and inter-
esting in this number of Oologist and
mail to us. Number the articles in the
order which j-ou think the prizes should
be awarded.

We give our Judges five prizes hav-
ing an aggregate value of over $5. one
to each of the five whose decisions are
nearest the final award of Mss. prizes.

JULY CONTEST
64 Judges.

1. Passenger Pigeon, 276.

2. Dove Life in Arizona, 217.

3. Bell's Vireo, 168.

4. Notes from Atidubon's Biogi'a-
phv, 156.

5. Language of Crows and Other
Notes, 68.

Judges' prizes were awarded as fol-
lows:

1. Ed. Doolittle, Painesville, Ohio.
Exact.

2. Walton Mitchell, St. Paul, Minn.,
1, 2, 4, 3, 5.

3. N. G. Van De Water, Gretna, N.
Y., 1. 2, 4, 3, 5.

4. B. A. Garrett, Ballston Spa., N.
Y., 1, 2, 4, 3, 5.

5. Arthur P. Simmons, Troy, N. Y.,
1, 2, 4, 3, 5.

The following Judges named the
winning articles in exactly the same or-
der as the last, hence we -awarded each
a fifth prize:

H. Gould Welborn, Lexington, N. C.

Hervey Hoskins, Newberg, Oregon.

Twenty-one other Judges named the
winning articles.

All prizes were mailed the winners
on Aug. 11.

Figures of Importance-
Examine the number following your
name on the wrapper of this Oologist.
This number denotes the time when
your subscription expires or has expir-
ed.

.56 signifies your subscription expired June. 1890
(52 '• ■• " •■ Dec. "

68 .' '• '■ " June, 1891

74 '• " " u ue(,_ ..

80 " " " " June, 1892

86 " " " " Dec. "

92 " " " •' June, 1893

98 " " " " Dec. "

104 " " '■ " June 1894

110 " " " will expire Dec. '■

We are de.sirous of straightening our
subscription books at once and trust
our subscribers Avill send in their sub-
scriptions for '94 including all arrear-
ages, at their earliest conveniences, the
amounts uecessaiy to accomplish this
are as follows:

".V5"-$2.2.5. "63"-f3.00. "68"— $1.75. "74"— $1..50
"80"— $1,2.5. "86"— $1.00. "92"— 7.5c. "98"- 50c.
"104"— 25c.

Should you desire to discontinue
your subscription to the Oologist your
indebtedness to us is 10 cents less than
the above amount. The figures are
according to our books Aug. 13, 1894,
and many renewals received since that
date have been credited on our books,
but not on the wrapper.

290 THE OOLOGIST.

Exhibits of Shells,
Corals, Specimens,
Curiosities, etc., etc..

Will be made by "Lattin" at the following Great Fairs and Expositions-
during the next few months, and should any of his patrons live within a
reasonable distance of any of them, why not call? "Lattin" will person-
ally attend the Detroit Fair, and undoubtedly the Springfield, St.
Louis and Richmond ones.

Mr. K. B. MATHES,

Avho has been with "Lattin" for a number of years and whom many
readters of the Oologist met at the World's Fair in '93, will have charge
of all, or nearly all of "Lattin's exhibits this Fall.

It may be needless to add that the '94 will equal if not surpass all
previous exhibits — both '"Lattin" and Mr. Ma thes are pioneers in the:
business.

€€

Lattin's" Exhibits for '94.

SEPTEMBER 3-7,

Ohio State Fair and Industrial Exposition,

Columbus, Ohio.

SEPTEMBER 10-21,

Michigan State Fair, Detroit, Mich.

SEPTEMBER 24-29,

Illinois State Fair, Springfield, Ills.

OCTOBER 1-6,

The Great St. Louis Fair, St. Louis, Mo.

And undoubtedly (positive announcement will be made in October Oologist)
OCTOBER 9-19,

Virginia Exposition, Richmond, Va.

OCTOBER 23-NOVEMBER 8,

Dixie Inter-State Fair, Macon, Ga.

[[^^"Lattin's" Pier House Store at Chautauqua, N. Y., will remain openi
through September.

THE OOLOGIST. 291

Chas. K. Reed,

Of No. 262 Main St., Worcester, Mass.,
the well-known Taxidermist and Dealer
in EVERYTHING in the Specimen and Sup-
ply line required by the Naturalist and
Curio Collector, has recently issued a new
Illustrated Catalogue, containing several
half-tofies. A copy will be mailed every
reader of the Oologist upon receipt of
only a 2c stamp.
Yo2L should send at once for a copy as the
supply is limited.

292

TUK oOLCXt.ST.

ses.

I have a fine new lot of Butterflies, all sizes
and colors, scientitically labelled, sex locality,
etc., well packed by express lOc each

Can furnish in pairs or singly

10 var. 1.00. 20 var. 1.60, 50 specimens 3.50, 100
specimens 6 00.

75 species in new Insect case glass or wooden
tops for 10.00. A genuine bargain. Beginners
■will find here just what the.v want.

I also offer a nice collection of Beetles all A 1
cheap and some rare Exotic Butterflies.

Mail all orders at once to

WALTER F. WEBB,

ALBION, N. Y.

EGGS.

From the Orient and Assam 'Malakka) In-
dia, Australia, Africa, ttc. correctly named
at moderate prices, also European and exotic
Birds skins. HERMANN ROELE,

Emdener St.. 4. Berlin. N. W., Germany

STEAM COOKER FREE!

Tile Tiiumph cooker with lock
cover, will cook Meats, Fish. Veget-
ables. Heans, Brown Bread, Fruit,
cusiards, &c, without odor. Fits
any size stove. co;.l, wood, oil or gas.
Having Iron base, it is he'terand
cheaper than .i tin cooker, \\'e send
one cocker free \%i'h Agents tlrst
order. Enclose two cent stamp to The Hart-
ford Hollow Ware Co., B. 673. Uartford, conn.

SRND FOR IT!

f iroMPOUND Oxygen— Its Mode of Action and
^ Results."— is the title of a book of 200
pages, published by Drs. Starkey & Palen. which
gives to all inquirers full iuforniation as to this
remarkable curative agent, and a record of sur-
prising cures in a wide range of chronic cases —
many of them after being abandoned to die by
other physicians. Will be mailed free to any
address on application.

DRS. STARKEY & PALEN,

1529 Arch St.. Phlla., Pa, 123 Sutter St., S. Fran'co.Cal.

Please mention the Oologist,

CATALOGUE

Light Roadster. Weight, 25 lbs.

• it will interest yoti.

In our Six New Models you will find just what you

want. All the latest improvements. All sizes and

prices. Guaranteed to be equal to any, regardless

of price.

rianufacturers and Jobbers

John P. Lovell Arms Co., In/Ss^"'^'"''*''"'*"

BOSTON, riASS. AGENTS WANTED— Write for terns.

THE UULOGIST.

293

A NRW

BARGAIN LIST.

I have just issued a uew 8 page foUer. full of
the best aud most desirable of evervthintr in
my line. All who have not received it should
sendATOxcE. State if yoii are interested in
Birds or Eggs at sauie ti:ne as I have many
neu- things of special interest iu these lines-

5000 EGGS
2500 BIRD SKINS

The above is what one of my Southern Col-
lectors with a corps of assistants secured dur-
ing "94. This entire stock is being received dur-
ing September and will be offered to collectors
cheap. No such chance to get a complete series
of typical Southern eggs has ever been pres-
ented to American Ornithologists. Lists on
application. Address,

WALTER F. WEBB,
ALBION, N.Y.

New Standard Catalogue

OP

fsjorth ^'^merlcan ^irds ^ggs

COMPILED BY

FRANK H. LATTIN,

Assisted by Ccqit. Chas. E. Bcndire,

J. Parker Norris, Esq., aud

the late Capt. B^F. (ros.s.

It ^tves the Common and sclentiflc name of
every North American P.ird accordlnc: to the
A. O. v. Nomenclature. It also gives the A. O.
U. Numbers as well as those of both Coues' and
Rldgeway, and last but not least it gives the
value ot es:g3 of near/y every species, over one
hundred ot which never appeared on any print-
ed list before.

It Is not a personal catalogue of any one
Dealer or Collector, as there Is not a Collector
in the entire VV' orld who has or could furnish
all the species whose values are given, and
there is not a Dealer who could furnish over
from 50 to ~5 per cent ot the speci'^s priced.

Price 3.") cents per copy. ?> copies for $1 .00.

FRANK H. LATTIN, ALBION, N. Y.

What Moves 5t

One of Nature's Wonders.

THE JUMPINO SEED 01 LIVIVe BEAU!

Always Moving, Always Jumping, Always
Dancing.
The wonder ot the ScieutiQc Wo; Id. Interest-
ing to old and youut:.

The ONLY ANIMATED VEGETABLE Known!

A full description and explanation ot this
phenomenon accompanies each box.

Price 25c. each, 3 for 50o. Postpaid.

E. VAN WINKLE,

Vans Harbor, Mich.

EDWARD W. CURRIER,

1 20 Sutter St., Room 1 7.

San h rancisco, Cal,

Taxidermist and dealer iu Birds Eyes, Taxid-
ermist supplies etc. Sldns aud eggs of Cali-
fornia Birds. alsoCal. curiosities. Correspon-
dence solicited.

STONE

INDIAN RELICS!

On approval by mail. Give reference. A few
Cents expense t > see a variety from many States
I piy postage one way on arrow and spear
points L.\KGEST Stock. Laugest Variety,
.\XD Finest in the West. Buckskiu Relics,
Weapons. Minerals. Fossils. Shells. Agates,
Curios. Catalogue with prices for stamp.
BLACK HILLS NATURAL HISTORY ES-
TABLISHMENT. Deadwood. S. D.

Of all kinds for Naturalists a
•speciality. Note and letter
beaa.-.. envelope-!, circulars, illustrated cata-
logu'^s for natural history dealers. Have hun-
ilreds- of engraviugs of hatur.al history speci-
mens. Write ff)r e.-itimates. li)o envelopes print-
ed. 4.'>c. noteheads same price, postpaid. C. F,
CARR, Job Printer. New London. Wis. tf

■'MErHODS I.\ TtIR AllT OF T.iXEDERMY" by

Davie. Costs $\0 c<i't/i per copy and is well worth,
the money. I have a few copies which I will
entertain good offers on the b.ns.sis of >i cash
and '2 exchange. If you have J.'i cash aud $5-
worth of almost auvthing (no trash) desirable,
to give for a cod v. I shall be pleased to hear
from von at once FRANK H. LATTIN, Al-
bion, N, Y.

FOR SALE.— Minerals. Fossils. Curios. In-
dian Relics. Choice Polished .Shells from Wis-
consin rivers. Mazon Creek Fossil Plants and
Insects. The ,ti iiesf collection of Polished Coral
iu this country. BeaHtlfid Fossil Fish. Cameos.
Gems. Stones, etc. GEO. WILKINSON. Mor-
ris. III. Jy.St.

TTlA-n/lATif 111 -Try what 10 Cents .sent
WOIKierllll H Harte Jeweler

Rochester, N. Y-, ^^iH bnng.

MOUNTEOlBrRDS^

Only 50 cents each, postpaid.

W. Wood Pewee. Ark. Goldfinch. Oregon
Juuco. .Samuel's Song Spar.. Lazuli Bunting,
Savanna Sparrovr. Ruby-crowned Kinglet, In-
termediate Sparrow. Calif. Purple Finch. Gold-
en-cro\\ned Sparrow. Audubon's Warbler, Ore-
gon Towhee. Address, F. T. CORLESS, Los
Gatos. Calif.

TAXIDERMISTS' GUNS, "c^;,*

Pistols. Gim Cases. Sh'H,tii,o; siioi Shells: also

Se.'^^ii;; SPECIMEN HUNTERS.

All kinds, all prices ironi $ .11 to ^t^ixOu. List
free. ]\'r>>e/or Td.ddtnniKt's: fneli.-il.

JAMES H. JOHNSTON,

PITTSBURG. PA.

H. H. ^.C. S. BRIMLEY,

COLLECTORS, RALEIGH, N. C.

First-class Bird and Mammal Skins and Eggs,
Reptiles and Batrachiansboth alive and in al-
cohol. Full data. Send stamp for price lists.

394 THE OOLOGIST.

NIAGARA FALLS.

Hundreds of the Eeaders of the Oologist visit Niagara annually
and they always make it a point to visit

TUGBY'S NEW MUSEUM.

This new museum is loL.ated on Falls street, only a fe v steps from R.
R. Depots — Electric car line passes its entrance — and ccupies a new
three story building, which cost thousands of dollars to build and fill —
Among the hundreds of attractions within will be found a large and
magnificent collection of Birds and the lakgest collection of bieds
EGGS in a Public Museum in the State. It is a well known fact the
"World over that TUGBY of Niagara Falls, N. "Y. is Headquarters for
EVERYTHING in the Curio, Specimen, Novelty or Souvenir line pertain-
ing to Niagara.

WHY NOT MAKE^ '^

an Exhibit at Your Fair •

Don't yon think it would paj^ yon to obtain a stoc'c of say, anywhere from $10
to $100 worth of Shells, Agates and Curios to add a variety to your present collec-
tion, and make an exhibit at your own and neighboring Fairs this Fall?

THERE'SJ^INIT!

At a good Fair, with a suitable display you could sell from $10 to $100 per day,
upon which there Avould be a GOOD BIG profit.

Now Ave will have lots of just such material on hand at Chautauqua, and will
have at Detroit, Spriugheld and St. Louis, that will remain unsold. Rather than
ship back home, will sell at xevy low rates. It may not be convenient for you to
personally make j'our selections at any of the above places, but if you will send the
amount you wish to invest and give me an inkling of about what you want, I will
personally and judiciously make a selection that I will guarantee to give you big
satisfaction in every particular and will make the prices to you lower than you
could possibly duplicate elsewhere.

Remember I also carry a full line of Agate, Spar, Pyrites and Shell Jewelry
and Novelties. Write what von want.

Faithfully,

Albion, N. Y. FRANK H. LATTIN,

THE OOLOGIST 295

Stvi?^^f^;=.*|r*3

.v=-«_,-»

SYSTEMATIC COLLECTIONS.

With unusual facilities for securing educational materials, it is proposed to take
the lead in furnishing systematic collections for teaching MINERALOGY, GLU-
LOGY, and ZOOLOGY in Schools and Colleges. Individual Specimens also fur-
nished. Catalogue sent on recipt of 6 cts. in postage stamps.

RELIEF MAPS AND MODELS-

Special attention given to Relief Maps. Send for circular describing Grand
Canon, Yosemite Vallev, Yellowstone National Park. Mt. Shasta, Mt. \ esuvius,
Kentucky, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Etc., Etc. Also model of the whole Unit-
ed States, with adjoining ocean bottoms^ modeled on correct curviture. Many of
these made especially for Schools. New Relief Map of Palestine, Modeled for the
Palestine Exploration Fund, Now i*eady.

LANTERN SLIDES.

Series of Lantern Slides for class illustration in Geology, Physical -Geography,
Etc.

METEORITES.

A good price paid for meteorites of all kinds. New and undescribed ones es-
pecially desired. An extra price paid for the entire "find" or "fall." Meteorites
also cut, polished and etched.

WASHINGTON SCHOOL COLLECTIONS.

Minerals, Bocks and Invertebrate Annuals.

These collections, deciiled upon after numerous conferences with teachers and
experts connected with, the U. S. Geological Survey and U. S. National Museum,
have just been introduced into the schools of Washington, and will be known as
the Washington School Collections.

It is safe to say that no collections of equal excellence have ever before been
offered in this country at so low a price ($3 each.) Send for circular.

WASHINGTON SOUVENIR COLLECTION.

A collection of 20 specimens in separate trays in handsome cloth covered box
showing the principal building and ornamental stones used in the Public Build-
ings of Washington. Price 75 cts. Will be sent postpaid to any address for $1.00.

EDWIN E.HOWELL,

612 1 7th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. -

296

THE OOLOGIST.

A Positive Rust Preventative and Lubricant.
FOR GDNS-REVDLVERS-RIFLES

STANDS WITHOUT A RIVAL.

Imitators claim sometliiug "just as good," therebj' admitting the superiority of
Gunoleum.
Unscrupulous Dealers may offer you au article said to be "just as good".

(Because it affords them a better profit.)

BE HONEST, AND REFUSE IT.

A Light Coat of GUNOl^EUM on an Unprotected Metalic Surface will prevent
it from Rust, Pits, Tarnish or Corrosion, and preserves its finish.

FOR
BICYCLES, TYPEWRITEKS, CAMP KITS, SURGICAL,

REYOLVEPvS, LAWN MOWERS, BRASS, EMBALMING

PISTOLS, FINE MACHINERY, COPPER, a>.d DENTAL

SHOTGUNS, GUN LOCKS, STEEL, INSTRUM'TS.

Any reliable dealer who may not have Gunoleum, will procure it promptly
for anyone who wishes it.

SIX SIZES: Metal Collapsible Tubes, 15 and 25c., 1-4 Ib.can
35c., 1-2 lb. can 50c., 1 lb. can 75c. and 5 lb. can $3.00.

Beware of imitations said to be "just as good."

MANUFACTURED BY

THE CHARLES WILLY MFG. CO.,

BAY SHORE, E I., X. Y., U. S. A.

(^^5553.

ik it] Hr f ^ ^K , "^x

Monthly. '^1^'^ ^Oc. per Year. ^<^'

VOL. XI. NO. 10.

ALBION, N. Y., OCT., 1894.

Whole No. 108

Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales.

Brief special annouucements, "Wants,' "Exclianges" "For Sales," inserted In this department
for 50C per Sf) words. Notices over 3.") words, charged at the rate ot one cent per each additional
word. No notice inserted foi- less than soc. Terms, cash with order.

"Dk.ileks" can use these columns at Regular AdverUsino rates, only.

Strictly First-class specimens will be accepted in payment at one-halt list rates.

Exchange cards and coupons (subscription) will be accepted for "Wants" and "Exchanges'" only
and according to conditions stated thereon.

FOSSIL SHELLS.— Fine specimens 10. 1.5
and ^'0 cts or will exchange same tor Indian
relic f, fossils or minerals. \VM. A. WELLS,
Seneca, Kansas.

stamps: 100 fine varieties foreign stamps
including Argentine, Mexico, etc. postpaid for
12 cts. Send for sheets at .50 per cent, discount.
H. W. DRAKE, Lexington. Va.

TO EXCHANGE.— Ridgeway's Manual, good
as new, for Coues' Key, iatftst edition. C. M.
SLAYTON, Grattan, Kent Co., Mich.

ONP: new imported double-barreled, and
• me single-barrelled shot gun. to exchange for
offers. High grade bicycle for cash. W. S.
JOHNS ON, Boonville, N. Y.

HAVE to exchange sets of 3 and 4 with data
of Traill's Flycatcher to exchange for any
Terns eggs in sets with data. HAROLD HOL-
LAND. Box 51.5, Galesburg, 111.

"CACHE" of Flint .Scrapers, plowed up in a
field, consisting of Red and Grey Flint. Nice
specimens, supply limited. 8 postpaid for 25c.
Address, HARRY MAPEL, Columbus Grove,0.

TO EXCHANGE. -Sets of following for
other common sets A. O. U. Nos. 3,S9, 40G. 477,
49H, 563. 59.?, tilO. 616, 622, 708. 701, 705, E. S.
CHAS. K. STOCK A RD, Columbus, Miss.

I SOLICIT correspondence from all parts of
theU. S. concerning the Violarcd'. I am making
them a special study and gladly receive notes
on the plants. ARCHIE A. BELL, Geneva, O.

GRAPEVINES, Strawberry, Roses, Shrubs,
Bulbs, Hatty's Taxidermy. Artistic Anatomy,
Rubber printing press, Large atlas, Mechani-
cal Telephones. Razors, Clippers, Strops, Flut-
ing machine, etc. for .skins, any kind. J. J.
VVIRZ, Taxidermist, Augii#ta, Ga.

TO EXCHANGE.— A. O. U. Nos. 212 1-8, 273
1-3, 8fi3 1-3. AXi 1-2 n. ;W7 1-3, 461 1-3 n, .52!) 1-5 n,
581 1-4, .587 1-3, 501b 1-5, 412 1-6. 51 1 1-4, 498 1-3, 630
1-5 1-5 n. 621 1.3, 674 1-5, 681 1-5. 676 1-.3. 7.3.5a 1-7.
755 1-4, 767 1-3 and skins of 149 211, 3S0, .546, 6;*;,
661, 673, 6i»7 and 72!) for eggs in sets with data.
ARTHUR W. BROCKWAY, Lyme, Conn.

FOR BEST cash offer. Small six light dy-
namo, cost ten dollars, fine condition. Star
safety razor, been used but once, cost three
and half. C. H. AGAR, 45 Putnam Ave.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE. -Tulips, Hyacinths,
Crocus, etc. for choice minerals, curios, shells,
corals, etc. Give list you have. Address,
GEO. B. REMSEN, Floral Park, N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE.— A collection of stamps.
Will sell it or exchange for best offer in A. No."l
birds eggs. SIDNEY MANN, 1.56 So. Main St.,
Canton, 111.,

CHEAP for Cash. Fine double barrel breech
loading shot gun. Bought last spring from
Simmons' Hardware Co.. cost $30. Guaranteed
to be in tine condition. \1 ill sell for $20. For
further particulars address, F. C. ELLIOT,
Tallahassee, Fla.

TAXIDERMISTS GUIDE. 13 mo, illustrated
Only lOOcopies. Collecting, mounting and pre-
serving animals, birds, fishes, reptiles and in-
sects fully explained, also contains fourteen
valuable receipts. Best bargain ever offered,
20 cts. A. D. AKIN, Carlson, Fla.

HIMILAYAN Rabbits. Guinea Pigs, Ferrets.
Will sell cheap or exchange. Want anything
useful. Books, especially on Natural History.
Natural History specimens, etc. Fine pair
rabbits for good copy Horuaday's Taxidermy.
Please make offer. ORY L. FOSTER, Tiptoii,
Indiana.

FOR SALE or EXCHAN6E.-My collection
ot eggs in sets. First class condition guaran-
teed. Will .sell cheap for cash or exchange for
skulls in good condition. printing, stationery or
anything else you have that I can xise. Send
list of what you have. No postals noticed. O.
E. CROCKER, 614 Langdon St., Madison, Wis.

Please di.icon.fimie thai e.v.chanrie notice,. J
have more than I can do in a nwnth in. answering
and filliny exchanr/cs unit orders already re-
riiff-d and I think my stock will he exhausted
(inijn'ay. 1 had a stork of nearly 8.000 ef/r/s. How
is that/ Ed. Viin Winkle, Vans Harbor. Mich.

298

THE OOLOGIST.

FOR EXCHANGSO.- IJO mounted birds for
other mounted birds not in my collection.
Soiithern and Western preferred. VVi'ite what
you have. J. Rothlisberger. Braceville, 111.

TO EXCHANGE.— Native Missouri woods
(about 150 .species) collected by B. F. Bush, for
books on Ornithology, Oology or Mammalogy.
CHAS. S. TINDALL, Independence, Mo.

WANTED.— Second hand, Coues' Key of
North American Birds or Ridgway's Manual.
Will pay cash for best offer. JAMES PETER-
SON, Box 10.^, Scandinavia, Wis.

COLLECTORS ! I have Buffalo horns, U. S.
stamps, tobacco tags, fine sets and singles with
full data and beautiful specimens of round
cacti for sale or exchange. H. L. HE VTON,
Oberlin, Kansas.

EGGS, Indian relics and fossils wanted. Will
give printing press, Weeden engine. Vol. VII
OOLOGIST, 1200 post marks, collection .500
stamps, botanical specimens, books or cash.
Send lists. Will give hand stamp with name
for 3 arrow points. GEO. A. RODMAN. King-
ston. R. J.

WRENS WANTED.— First-class skins with
full data. I can offer fine S. Cal. sets with
nests and complete data; also some nice skins,
such as 379a, 397 ,408, 418b, 6.56, 665, 710, 743, 763.
etc. No matter what species you have, write
stating sex and plumage. Persons having
skins of the rarer Wrens, will receive special
otfers. All letters answered. JOSEPH GRIN-
NELL, Pasadena, Cal.

I WILL give fine sets with data or first-class
skins in exchange for 13 bore B. L. shot gun in
good order. G. F. DIPPIE 334 George St.,
Toronto, Ont.

FIRST CLASS singles and back numbers of
OOLOGIST from ■^ov., 1890 to date excepting
numbers 4 and 12, Vol. 8 to exchange for com-
mon skins. WM. I. ROLFE, San Bernardino,
Calif. •

SET Chambers' Encyclopedia 8 vol. (cost
$16..".0), Wood's Natural History (cost $3,00), col-
lection of eggs and minerals to exchange for
stamps, U. S. prefered. Send list. C. W.
SEARS, Delaware, Ohio.

WHITE IBIS Eggs in fine sets, 3 each with
data. 75c prepaid. W. F, WEBB, Albion, N. Y.

BARGAINS. — Those who want some rare
eggs at one-sixth regular prices had better
send for my list of second class specimens,
here are a few, 1 have others as cheap. I have
also a lot of rai-e 1st class singles cheap to close
them out. Golden Eagle, $1; Skua, 2.5c: Ice-
land Gull, 25; Avocets. 10; Gadwall, 15; Pintail,
10; Lesser Scaup. 15; Marsh Harrier. 10; Rock
Ptarmigan, 15; Pigeon Hawk. .50; American
Goshawk, 50. Orders less than $1 not wanted.
W. RAINE, Bleeker St., Toronto, Ont.

ANNOUNCMENT Extraordinary! Readers
of the OoLOGiST will be pleased to see for the
first time a good half-tone portrait of Editor
Frank H. Lattin, which appears, together with
a reminiscent, biographical sketch by H. R.
Taylor, in the September number of the Nidiol-
ogisf. The price for a ''sample copy" has been
invariably 10c. but out of compliment to the
readers of the Ooi.ogist, who all want "Lat-
tin's" picture, we will send a copy of this num-
ber for .5 cents, cash or stamps. Other features
and illustrations "above par." Write at once.
THE NIDIOLOGIST, Alameda, California.

BARGAINS in Minerals. Having entirely
overhauled my stock, added many new kinds,
and employed professional mineralogist I can
and will sell lower than any one else. W.F.
WEBB, Albion, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.— An immense Elk head
(ready for mounting). Splendid seven-point
horns, each fifty -six inches long. Skin, dry.
J. O. SNYDER, Waterloo, Ind.

ONE Great Horned Owl, alive, 1,50 copies of
Scientific American, will exchange for best of-
fer in Taxidermist supplies or Coues' Key to
N. A. Birds. W. J. STULL, Coalport Pa. "

FOR EXCHANGE.— Leach's Petrel in sets,
also Isf class skins A. O. U. 76c, 759b, 608, 611a,
.595. 585. 581, 5.59. .534, 538. 4.56, 3.58, 274, 420. H. T.
VAN OSTRAND, Millbury, Mass.

FOR SALE CHEAP.- 1 am selling out my
collection of sets cheap. Some fine sets of
Eagle, Hawks, Owls and water birds very cheap
Special Rates to those wanting lai'ge number
of sets. R. H. ROBERTSON, East Los An-
geles, Cal,

WATCH for my Christmas oSex oi eggs next
month. If you want eggs now send for my
special October Bulletin. W. F. WEBB, Al-
bion, N. Y.

CALIF, eggs to exchange for eggs not in my
collection. Many common eggs wanted, but
Water birds desired. I will also sell them at
Vi cat. rates. LEE CHAMBERS, 1315 Buena
Vista St., Los Angeles, Calif.

"K. I. C." Standard Datas, bound in books of
100. with detachable stubs, 80c per book. Will
exchange for desirable eggs. Send lists and
receive data samples. KERR, IRONS & CO..
Council Bluffs. Iowa.

35 GOOD Stamps given for every uerfect ai--
row head, or 35 stamps for every spear head
with locality given, sent me. E. MORGAN
CONGDON,'Ripon, Wis.

TO EXCHANGE.-Football suit. Winchester
44 model 1873 rifle and '93 Slocum Tennis Rack-
et. Eggswanoed. Write for particulaas. W.
B. JUDSON, .531 Eldorado St., Pasadena. Cal.

NOTICE.— I liiive a good many Natural His-
tory specimens and curios to exchange for
others. Send stamp for list. W. H. HILLER,
147 W. 33d St., Los Angeles. Calif.

WOOD ENGRAVING TOOLS for exchange.
Amateur's complete outfit. For particulars
address, B. H. DOUGLASS Burlington, Kans.

My adv. in yoiu' Oologist brought me at least
175 letters and a profit of $35 last season. R. W.
WILLIAMS. JR.. Tallahassee, Fla.

EXCHANGE NOTICE.— I have some first
class sets of common eggs to exchange for a
Steven's 22 cal . rifle in good condition, or for
eggs of other localities. W. LOU HART, 116
Lincoln Ave.. Canton, Ohio.

TO EXCHANGE.— One good Colt's lightning
repeating rifle 22 cal., for best offers in Eggs
not in my collection. Send lists of Eggs that
yoii have. Correspondence solicited. Address
JOHN W. DANIEL, JR., Lynchburg, Va.

IVT/^nnT/^Tjl My ad. about the new maga-
iMJJLlljJli zine. The Museum. Send

$1.00 bill at once and take advantage of offer
which will never appear again. W. F. WEBB,
Albion, N. Y.

THE OOLOGIST 299

To My Old Friends and Patrons,

I wish to call your special attention to the enclosed leaflet. ' It
may and it may not prove of interest to you, IF NOT, I'm sure you
have some Friend or Neighbor whom it might and who would feel
fully as grateful as the undersigned, should you call his or her atten-
tion to its contents.

You are undoubtly aware that the partnership which existed dur-
ing the past year betv/een Mr. Webb and myself, has been dissolved
(I've been too busy to inform you personally earlierj and that I am
once more "going it alone" at the "old stand."

I also retain all of my former able assistants, and still have the
largest stock and most varied assortment of Shells, Specimens, Ma-
rine and other Curios, &c, in America. In fact, I have over $10,000
tied up in Specimens and Fair and Resort Goods which I wish to
"untie" as soon as possible.

Any assistance that you can render me in that undertaking, in the
shape of an order (anywhere from 5 cents to $100) will be most
thankfully received.

Trusting I shall have the pleasure of hearing from you at vour
earliest convenience, I remain, as ever,

Faithfully,
FRANK H. LATTIN.

EXPLANATORY:

The above is the substance
of a circular-letter which I
mailed a few of my friends in States where I made exhibits this Fall
with the same I enclosed a circular composed of my announcements
on pages 290 and 294 in September Oologist. Thinking it may be
of interest to you I print the same in full.

I might also add that I have settled down for strictly business pur-
poses for the next few months, at least, and can assure my patrons
that any commissioFi however small they may see fit to favor me
with will receive honest, careful, "faithful" and last but not least my
PERSONAL attention.

Albion, N. Y., Oct. 10, 1894. FRANK H. LATTIN.

300

THE OOLOGIST.

Dissolution Notice.

Notice is hereby given that the part-
nership kitely existing between Frank
H. Lattin and Walter F. Webb under
the tirm name of F. H. Lattin & Co..
was dissolved on the 31st day of July,
A. D., 1894, by mutual consent.

Frank H. Lattin.

Walter F. Webb.

Important:

Yourletters must
never be address-
ed to F. H. Lat-
tin ami »& Co., but to either Frank H.
Lattin or Walter F. Webb, which
ever you may wish to receive the same.
All matters pertaining to the Oologist
must be addressed "Lattin". By heed-
ing this "pointer" you may sftve both
yourself and the party you may wish
your letter to reach both delay and
possible unpleasantness.

'ECLIPSE" CURIOSITY CABINET.

Contains Chinese Poker CMps, Chinese Napkin,
Chinese Lottery Tickets, Star-tlsh, Giant Tree
Bark Cal., Red Sea Bean, Alligator Tooth, 3
Yellow Wax Shells, Marine Algffi, Gypsum
Crystals, Bloody Tooth Shell, Chinese Cash
Coin. Flexible Coral, 3 Boat Shells, Egg of Peri-
winkle, Drab Sea Bean, Sunflower Coral, 3
Money Cowry Shells and Fossil Crinoid. All
labeled and in partitioned box exactly like cut.
Sent postpaid for 25 cents. Chinese chopsticks
1 ft. long 10c pair, 4 Chinese coins 10c, 4 perfect
Arrow heads 25c. No catalogue.

R. E. BARTLETT,
99 STATE ST.. ROCKFORD, ILLS.

TAXIDERMISTS' GUNS. "SSi^t}

Pistols, Gun Cases. Sliootinu' Shot Sliells: also

fSe.'^s; SPECIMEN HUNTERS.

All kinds, all prices from $1.00 to $2i.00. List
tree. Write for TaxidennwVs free list.
JAMES H. JOHNSTON,

PIXTSBURC3, PA.

STONE

INDIAN RELICS!

Oil approval by mail. Give reference. A few
cents expense to see a variety from many States
I pay postage one way on arrow and spear
points. Largest Stock, Largest Variety,
AND Finest in the West. Buckskin Relics,
Weapons, Minerals, Fossils, Shells, Agates,
Curios. Catalogue with prices for stamp.
BLACK HILLS NATURAL HISTORY ES-
TABLISHMENT. Deadwood, S. D.

DDIMTIMP Of 3,11 kinds for Naturalists a

lllin I inU speciality. Note and letter
heads, envelopes, circulars, illustrated cata-
logues for natural history dealers. Have hun-
dreds of engravings of natural history speci-
mens. Write for estimates. 100 envelopes print-
ed, 45c. noteheads same price, postpaid. C. F.
CARR, Job Printer, New Loudon, Wis. tf

What Moves It

One of Nature's Wonders.

THE JUfflPINfi SEED 01 LWINS BEAN!

Always Moving, Always Jumping, Always
Dancing.
The wonder of the Scientific Woi Id. Interest-
ing to old and young.

The ONLY ANIMATED VEGETABLE Known!

A full description and explanation of this
phenomenon accompanies each box.

Price 25c. each, 3 for 50c. Postpaid.

E. VAN WINKLE,

Vans Harbor, Mich.

SRNO FOR IT!

f.roMPOUND Oxygen— Its Mode of Action and
V Results."— is the title of a book of 200
pages, published by Drs. Starkey & Palen, which
gives to all inquirers full information as to this
remarkable curative agent, and a record of sur-
prising cures in a wide range of chronic cases-
many of them after being abandoned to die by
other physicians. Will be mailed free to any
address on application.

DRS. STARKEY & PALEN.

1529 Arch St., Phila., Pa. 120 Sutter St., S. Fran'co.Cal.
Please mention the Oologist.

STEAM COOKER FREE!

The Triumph ^'ooker with lock
cover, will cook Meats, Fish. Veget-
ables, Beans, Brown Bread, Fruit,
Custards, &c, without odor. Fits
any size stove, coal, wood, oil or gas.
HaviDg iron base, it is better and
cheaper than a tin cooker. We send
one cocker free with Agent's first
order. Enclose two cent stamp to The Hart-
ford Hollow Ware Co., B. 673, Uartford, Conn.

H. H. &C.S. BRIMLEY,

COLLECTORS, RALEIGH, N. C.

First-class Bird and Mammal Skins and Eggs,
Reptiles and Batrachians both alive and in al-
cohol. Full data. Send stamp for price lists.

The Oologist.

VOL. XI. NO. 10.

ALBION, N. Y., OCT., 1894.

Whole No. 108

A Study of Nests-

In taking up the study of nests, let us
consider them first as regards their
construction, second as regards their
position.

The materials of a nest, as viewed
from the cabinet specimen only, will in
a great many cases show from what lo-
cation it was taken. For example, a
nest of the Baltimore Oriole, in my pos-
session, which was taken by the road-
side verj'^ near the heart of the town, is
composed exteriorily of white twine,
yarn and a few red and blue threads,
the lining a quantity of horse hair, a
chicken feather or two, and a few strips
of grape vine bark from a j'ard close
by. It will be seen that all these mate-
rials could have been procuri'ed in the
immediate vicinity of the nest, about
the houses and streets. A nest taken
on the outskirts of the woods, however,
was composed almost entirelj' of fine
fibres of milk weed bark, lined with
one or two fine black rootlets, and a
small piece of thread, all of which
could have been procurrecl near the
nest. Those nests of the Robin, built
near civilization, almost invariably
contain some bit of cloth or paper,
while those built "far from the haunts
of man" ai"e usually cemjjosed of grass,
weed stalks and mud. The nests of the
Yellow and Black-billed Cuckoos, built
early in the season, near oaks and
willows, almost invariably have more
or less of the catkins of either or both
those trees among their materials, those
built later in the season lacking them.
One nest of the Yellow-billed Cuckoo
found after the leaves lifiid fallen, con-
tained a piece of newspaper on which
a part of the famous liorden murder
trial could be plainly deciphered, and
as the date August 4th was referred to

and as a few days at least must have
passed between that date and the print-
ing and destroying of the paper and
this piece being found by the bird, it is
safe to say that the nest must have been
begun during the second week of Aug-
ust, which is rather late nesting for this
locality, though probably the pair had
had their nest destroyed earlier in the
season, for "the malicious urchin" is
quite prevalent here. It has been my
experience that the nests of the Black-
billed Cuckoo are always better built
than those of the Yellow-billed species,
some nests of the former being almost
as good as a rather flimsy Catbird's
nest, while those of the latter are often
merely a platfoi'm of twigs and a few
dry leaves laid loosely together. The
latter species also I have noticed will
lay its eggs before the nest is quite
done, furnishing it after the eggs have
been deposited.

As a final illustration of the point in
hand, I take the following from my
note book: May 26th. In two separate
patches of small hazel bushes about a
quarter of a mile apart, I found two
Chestnut-sided Warblers' nests and one
I)eculiar thing was noticeable in each.
The first nest was not far from a much
travelled road, and the inside was
thickly lined Avith horse hair, which
must have been gathered from the road.
The second nest, however was over a
quarter of a mile from this road, but
was not very far from a road through
the woods which was not near so much
used, and this nest had only about one-
third the amount of hair in it that the
first nest had, thus showing how the
material of the nests was gathered near
its situation." And so in the case of
several other common birds as the Red-
winged Blackbird, Wood Thrush, Chip-
ping Sparrow, Least Flycatcher, Red-

302

THE OOLOGIST.

eyed Vireo, Maryland Yellow-throat
and others, the materials of the nest
will often indicate as before sta ed the
kind of place from which it came. But
though in the foregoing birds the ma-
terials often vary accoi-ding to locality,
some birds will Ivcep strictly to one or
more materials which they seem to
think necessary, alwaj's putting them
in even though the otlier materials vary
• considerably. The Yellow Warbler has
such preference, in tliis locality for tire
buff-colored wool found on the unfold-
ing ponds of the Marsh spleenwort {As-
plenium thelypteroides) and out of fif-
teen nests examined only four lacked
this mate 'ial, and in one case, at least
the bird must have gone half a mile for
it. Nests of the Yellow-throated Vireo,
always, so far as my experience has
shown, have more or less of the green
lichens which grow on the bark of trees?
or on old fences, on the outside of them,
and sometimes the whole outside of the
nest is covered, and at other times only
a part of it. The bird's method of pro-
curring these lichens is as follows:
Having selected a suitable piece the
builder will seize it in her bill and then
make as if to tly off with it, liut as it
holds onto the bark rather hard, all she
can do is to hang on to it with her bill
and flutter and pull till at last it comes
off, when it is carried to the nest and
bound on with caterpillar silk. The
Catbirds in this locality stick tenacious-
ly to certain materials for their nests,
namely between the outer part of the
nest and the lining I tind a layer of
large bark strips, and in all but two out
of twenty-eight cases, the lining is en-
tirely of tine black rootlets. These two
had a small quantity of horse hair
mixed in with the rootlets which was
probably jirocurred in the pasture
where the nests and also several horses
were.

The nest of a bird will often show the
builder's ingenuity in overcoming some
difficulty, as in the case of an Oriole's

nest, where a string was woven into the
nest at one side, and then carried up to a
higher twig thus keeping it from closing
up, as it would otherwise have done, so
that the parent bird could not get in.
The nests of the Red-winged Blackbirds,
whether built in the I'eeds, or the
bushes, in a marsh, in this locality, al-
ways have a thick layer of rushes or
mud between the lining and the outer
part of the structure. The pui'pose of
this layer of mud or rushes, is not evi-
dent except in those nests built in the
long grass, and in those thus j)laced,
being only a couple of inches or .so
from the water, these outer materials
and the layer of rushes or mud is soaked
through, but the water never gets be-
yond this layer, which keeps the lining
and the eggs perfectly dry. This fact
leads me to ask this question: Why do
the Robins, Wood Thrush and Purple
Grackles always put a layer of mud be-
tween the lining and outer materials of
their nests? It is evident that the Barn
Swallow and the Phoebe use it to secure
their nests to the beam or bridge res-
pectively, but in the case of the birds
before mentioned, I can see no need of
it though it is always present. It might
be barely possible that the three species
may have, at some t ime, many 3"ears
ago. nested on the ground in wet places
and thus learned to use the mud layer,
but for some reason changed their nest-
ing places to trees and bushes, as the
Red-winged Blackbird of ten is seen to
do now, but if any of the readers of this
should have another opinion on the sub-
ject, I would consider it a favor if they
would let me know what they think.

While in New Hamisphere this sum-
mer, I found a large colony of between
three and four hundred Bank Swallows
nesting in a high sandbank by the Con-
necticut river. One day, while there, a
very heavy rain came up, and after it
had cleared off I went down to the
bank, and instead of tintliug that the
burrows had been injured, I was sur-

THE OOLOGIST.

303

prised to see that not one of them was
wet in the least. The cause of this I
found was that the OA-erhanging top of
the bank protected a certain area from
storms, and not a single nest was built
bej-ond this area, though they followed
it along the boundary line, but did not
pass the latter. It would seem that the
birds had found ail this out. either by
experience in former years or by watch-
ing the bank carefully A small part
of the colony was photographed, where
about seventy nests were dug in a space
a little over a rod long.

It might be well to speak here of
double nests, that is two separate nests
being built by one pair of birds. A
pair of Chipping Sparrows once built
two such nests in one of our pear trees
and about two feet apart. They carri-
ed material tirst to one and then to the
other of the nests, till at last one was se-
lected and finished the other being
abandoned. In the Boston Museum of
Natural History, there is a nest of the
Red-eyed Vireo, so doubled, in this case
however, the two nests are slung like
saddle bags over a small twig, having
a common top between them. The
probable reason for building two nests,
may be to see which is the better adapt-
ed to the builder's purpose, or perhaps
in cases where both are complete the
male may occupy one at night, but I
can tiod no satisfactory proof of this.
An extra amount of energy may also be
accountable for this freak.

The Kingfishers almost invai-iably
.starts several holes and finally choose
one, leaving the others in various
stages of completion. The Kingfisher's
method of building is very pecu-
liar. Both birds take up positions on
different perches near the bank in
Avhich the nest if to be dug. As far as
I have ob.served, one bird, presumably
the female, does most of 1*ie Work, and
at intervals of about a minute, will
leave its perch, and flying to the sel-
ected spot in the bank, hover before it

a second, then dive at it with much
force, striking it with its heavy bill, dis-
lodging a small quan'ity of sand, when
it again backs off and hovers for a sec-
ond before it dives at it again, after
which it returns to its perch once more.
After several mornings work in this
manner, for the birds do it leisurly, and
work almost wholly in the early part of
the day or sometimes a little before sun-
set, the hole is in far enough to admit of
the bird's standing in the enti-ance to
work, probably pecking with its bill
though I have never been able to ap-
proach near enough to determine exact-
ly. The chief worker is helped at inter-
vals by the other bird, though I have
often seen the later work on a separate
hole, and sometimes giving each hole
one or two pecks before returning to its
perch. This method of wox-king is of
course the only practicable one for such
large birds, or they might cling to the
bank and peck as the Bank Swallows
ai"e said to do.

Position.

The position cf a nest is usually Sii-
lected with more or less reference to the
nest's concealment. The Mniotiltida',
especially, as a family are very adept at
hiding away their nests, those built on
the ground being hardest to find, as
they are tucked away out of sight in
some clump of Aveeds or under a fallen
bough. Indeed, about the only w^ay to
find these nests is to watch the birds
while they are building, for as many
authors have testified, a long time spent
in searching is almost always unaA'ail-
ing, though one may know within a few
fe-it where the hidden treasiu*es are.
Prof. Maynard says concerning the nest
of the Pine-creeping Warbler [Dendrceca
rigorsii), '"They keep close watch of
their homes, and when any one chances
to approach them, will chirp loudly:
but although the collector can thus as-
certain when he is in the vicinity of a
nest, he Avill find that the birds have

304

THE OOLOGIST.

been careful to place it in such a posi-
tion that it cannot be seen from below,
therefore it is exceedingly difficult to
discover."

The nests of the large birds, of course,
can not be so well concealed as those
of the smaller species, but in this local-
ity, the Crows are quite skillful in hid-
ing their large domiciles. It would
seem as if the birds studied the trees in
the wood where they are going to
build, till they find one which has a
place near the top where they can place
their nests, so that it is impossible to
see it from below, unless one stands in
some i^articular spot and even then one
is often in doubt as to whether or not
that dark place is realy a nest or only
shadow.

But aside from concealment, a nest
may be so placed that it can not be got
at by collectors or other enemies. The
nests of the Baltimore Oriole illustrate
this veiy well, as in the large majority
of cases they are built far out on the
ends of small limbs at a considerable
elevation from the ground, so as to be
inacce'^sible to man. The deep purse
shape of the nests also would prevent
birds of prey from seizing the inmates,
and the branches on which the nests are
built are usually too small for a large
bird to stand on, on one foot, as it
would be compelled to do. Dr. C. C.
Abbott calls attention to the fact, also,
that the deep nests are built in places
more remote from the habitations of
man, than the shallow ones, on account
of Hawks and Owls being afraid to ap-
proach civilization, but this does not
hold good in this locality.

The nest of the Kingbird usually is
built near the end of a horizontal limb,
and is often inaccessible. One nest
found a few summers ago was built at
the end of an alder limb which stretched
out horizontally a few inches from and
to the middle of a wide brook, where it
could not have been reached unless one
waded up to his wai.st. It is needless

to add that the eggs were hatched and
the young safely I'eai'ed.

It will be noticed that I have selected
nests of Common birds as examples in
this paper, in order that, on account of
the birds' more general distribution,
the reader may verify, or disprove, as
birds vary much in different localities,.
what has here been stated.

Glover M. Allen,
Newton, Mass.

An Oologist of Early Day.

Mr. John Y. Crone's ''Hash" in an
old Oologist calls to mind a collection •
of birds eggs I had when ten or twelve
years old. Some of your I'eaders may
be interested to know how we used to
collect eggs at that time.

My father always strung his eggs on
a piece of yarn and hung them above
the fireplace, with a Crow's egg — which
he says Avas tvhite in those days — in the
middle, and the smaller eggs on each
side down to a Wren's or a Humming-
bird's. The string had passed out of
fashion before my day but such a thing
as a drill or blowpipe was unheard of.
1 suppose some of the big boys did use
them, as the time I am speaking of
wasn't so very long ago, after all, but
they were unheard of to us little fel-
lows. We generally used a pin, but I
have often made a hole in each end of
an egg with a "pi'icker" from a haw-
thorn bush and some boys used to break
the shell on a sharp twig or a splinter
from a rail fence.

The boys usually kept the eggs in
cigar boxts or even paper ones — though
the mice were rather hard on these —
and only the more progressive collect-
ors iTsed tin. A layer of sand, cotton
or bi'an kept the eggs from rolling
about. I knew one bo_v who had a fine
tin box for his eggs. But he used bran
and the bugs soon got to it and ate out
the skin which lines the eggs so that
they would fall to pieces if you looked

THE OOLOGLST

305

at thcni — almost. He thought he would
get ahead of the bugs by "stei-iliziug"
them, so he put the box iuto the oven
for an hour or so. It "fixed" the bugs
but it melted the solder and his nice
box all fell to pieces. He used sand
after that as the bugs were not attract-
ed by it.

I was once told that it was nonsense
to blow eggs — they wei-e just as good
without — 'twas a useless waste of
breath. I happened to find a Red-
winged Blackbird's egg soon after and
thinking I would try it put it away in
my box without blowing. The weather
was pretty hot and I did not go there
again for quite a while, but when I did
***•■* There wasn't any Blackbird's
egg or any other egg in that corner of
the box. It must have exploded with
tremendous force — comparatively — for
it had blown a hole in the sand full
three inches across and thrown a Chip-
pie's egg that was near it against the
side of the box so hard that it was
cracked.

Moral No. 1 — Blow your eggs. Moral
No. 2 — Don't believe everything you'i'e
told.

We had never heard of the A. O. U,
or Ridgway's check, list, so we had to
do the next best thing — make one for
ourselves. Each egg had a large num-
b;jr written on its side, and on the lid
of the box was pasted the "key" to the
collection. Data was never thought of
at all and although we often took a
complete set of eggs, three out of four
were "traders" and our regular col-
lection was all singles. Our highest
authority was not the A. O. U. nor
Cones' Key but the one who had the
most eggs. One hundred eggs was
considered an immense collection.

I give a list of my collection at that
time from an old '"key", which will
show what names we used for the com-
mon birds. I have put in the A. O. U.
numbei's so that you may know to what
the names refer. Hen. Runt egg.

Hen Hawk, 339. Yellow-hammer 412.
Guinea Hen, Domestic. Turtle.

Pigeon, " Meadowlark, 501.

Ci-ow, 488. Crow Black, 511.

Yellow-billed Cucoo, 387. Robin, 761.
Starling, 498. Bobolink, 494.

Tree Starling, 498. Y^ellovv Bird, 652.
King Bird, 444. Bank Swallow, 616.

English Robin, 595. Barn " 613.
Blue Bird, 766. Chimnev " 4i3 ■
Cat " 704. Eave " 612.

Lazy " 495. Barn Pha^be, 456.

Potato" 581. Bridge " 456.

Grou'd" 581. Tree " 467.

Cherry" 619. Swamp Wren, 725.

Brown Thrush, 705. House " 721.
Fire Hang, 507. Wild Canary, 529.

English Sparrow. Chippy, 560.

The "Starling" was a bird which
built in bunches of dock, weeds, etc.,
while the "Tree Starling" was the
same bird nesting in a tree. Some of
the boys thought the latter a different
kind of bird laying a larger egg. A few
had Swamp Black's eggs, the same thing
again building in a swamp. I don't
know why the Grosbeak was called
English Robin, probably on account of
its red breast. Certainly it is not like a
Robin in any other way. The Lazy
Bird was and is still so called because
it is too lazy to make its own nest, and
the Potato Bird was any bird that built
in a hill of potatoes. Generally it was
a Song Sparrow, but I have one egg,
given me by a truthful (?) "big boy,"
which is totally diffei'ent. It looks
more to me like an Orchard Oriole's
but it was a treasure whan I first got it.

The Cherry Bird was and is rather
uncominon in our locality. The one I
had then came from the home of an
aunt in Massachusetts where they were
nearly as common as the cherries they
fed on. I have since found three nests
at Wethei'sfield.

There is a queer thing about the Eave
Swallow— Cliff the A. O. U. has it.
When my father was a boy eveiy barn
had its fiask shaped nests under the
eaves. On my grandfather's they made
such a mess that he had to knock the
nests down. He broke them up in
threo or four years but they used to

306

riiK oOLoiJ.sr

breed in smallei" numbers; on lliebaek
of the eider mill where their droppings
didn't show so much When I olle t-
ed they had all gone J;ur, three nests
and those have b^en gone no ^v these
tea years. Now I don't know of a nest
in town. Some think them much thick-
iu the East than formerly, but they
have behaved just the other way in this
locality.

We boys always thought that the
Barn Ph(Bbe and Bridge Phoebe Avere
distinct varieties. The Barn Phcebe
built a nest flat on a beam, merely a
bunch of moss and a little mud, while
the Bridge Phtebe's establishment was
a compact structure fastened to the
perpendicular face of a stone pier or
wooden britige girder after the manner
of the Barn Swallow. It had, neces-
sarily; more mud and less moss than
the barn nest and often lasted several
yeai's. A few had an egg they called
a Shed Phoebe but that may be set
down to a striving for more kinds to
boast of and not to any real diflerence
in the egg.

When the boys swallowed Tree
Starlings and Shed Pha'bes so freely
it seems queer that they wouldn't be-
lieve in theTi'ee Phtt'be but some didn't.
Only last spring a rising young collect-
or wanted me to stand by him in say-
ing that thei'e was no such thing.
Wasn't it just the same as a Barn
Phoebe, he asked?

1 had never heard of a Flycatcher,
except in books, until after I had col-
lected quite a long time.

It is easy to see that the bright yel-
low of the Goldfinch caused it to be
called Canary, but we didn't find the
nests much they came so late in the
season. There was always a good deal
of confusion between this bird and the
Yellow Warbler. I always supposed
that the Goldfinch laid a spotted egg
and the Warbler a blue one until I
found the nests myself.

I still have a majority of my old eggs,

and though some are cracked and .son.e
— like the "Potato Bird"— are "bogus",
I have a fondness for them above any
I have for later acquisitions.

After all school day "finds" like
school (lay friends are the deares*^.
Henry R. Buck,
Wetherfield, Conn.

Traill's Flycatcher-

The retiring disposition of this gentle
spirited Flycatcher, and its lack of
forcibilify with which to attract atten-
tion to its presence, as well as its re-
semblance to several of its congeners,
have prevented it from forming as wide
an acquaintance as its ai)undancM war-
rants. In this locality it is the most
common Flycatcher though it is the
least studied, owing to the more famil-
iar habits of the other species. It is
known to bo3's who ramble along the
hedges as the "Pe-wee Flycatcher," and
it certainly resembles the Pewee- in
general coloration ami in habits, ex-
cept an excessive restlessness which
not often allows it to retain a position
favorable to careful examination by the
observer. While the Pewee will return
to the same percli repeatedly after dart-
ing into the air to capture its prey.even
when aware of observation. Traill's
Flycatcher changes its base of opera-
tion.o rapidly and almost invariably
stations itself so that there is foliage be-
tween it and an observer. It has no
lofty aspirations, rarely perching above
the limits of the bushes and hedges it
frt-quents, while the Pewee selects a
dead branch of a tree, often quite high
and. always exposed, for its point of
reconnoiter.

Untrimmed hedges of two to four
seasons' growth appear to be their fav-
orite places of resort in the <lry prairie
regions as well as bushes bordering
water courses and standing in meadows
and low situations. Places frequented
by Bell's and the White-eyed Vireos are

THE OOLOGIST

307

likely to be inhaltited by the Flycatch-
er. For the tirst few weeks after its ar-
rival from the south it dallies among
the foliage with its compauious and de-
votes its time to quiet courtship and
the delights of love, enjoying some-
thing similar to the honeymoon of
more rational beings. If we ramble
along a hedgerow at this season we
shall hear it sporting with its mates,
uttering a gentle quect, perhaps fol-
lowed by a low squeaky monologue or
dialogue. Presently it will dart into
view pursued by a companion, a male
pursuing a female, both saying the soft
but emphatic queet, and then the}" will
disappear in the foliage as quickly as
they appeared. When over the hedge
out of our sight, they will talk in a low,
lisping chatter, readily suggestive of
the tii'st efforts of a child to blow his
tin whistle, this being the nearest ap-
proach to singing. Perhaps one of the
birds will fly over and perch momentar-
ily on a bare limb in a Pewee-like man-
ner, moving away when he sees an in-
truder. In the breeding season all this
occurs near the nest; in fact it means
that you are within a small radius from
Its home, from which neither male nor
female seldom venture very far.

Nests of Traill's Flycatcher are sel-
dom found in this locality before the
second week of June. I have repeat-
edly looked for them earlier without
success. Hedges furnish the most fav-
ored sites and the distance from the
ground varies between three and ten
feet, the higher sites being in higher
hedges. Hazel, plum and alder bushes
are to their taste, and among such
bushes the nest is generally placed in
an upright crotch. On July 30th I
found a nest four feet from the ground
in a wild plum bush. It was placed on
a horizontal branch near the extremity
where twigs diverged from either side,
forming a firm base of support. In
hedges the nest is almost invariably set
on a horizontal bi'anch and bound to

one or more nearly upright twigs. I
have never found a nest fastened
ai'ound the branch on which it was
placed. In this season 1 have found
and examined twent\'three nests of
this species, all of which except two,
one in a hedge and one in a plum bush,
were on horizontal branches. Fre-
quently, however, nests are found on
obliquely ascending branches at points
where forking twigs afford places for
attachment, such situations being very
similar to the usual nesting sites of the
Goldfinch. The highest nests in
hedges are often set in regular crotches.
Most of the nests are found betweeu
five and eight feet from the ground.

There is little variation in the con-
struction of nests. The mateiials are
grayish vegetable bark fibers, dried
stems of weeds, feathers and pieces of
gossamer which are carried in large
mouthfuls by the builders and there-
fore the fabrication is not long in
building. Without, the structure has
no especial appearance of neatness,
and resembles the work of the Gold-
finch and the Yellow Warbler, though
lacking the compactness of the nests
of those species and averaging rather
larger The cavity is tinLshed more
smoothly than the exterior, usually
with tine dried grass and a few downy
feathers. Nests I have examined range
between three and two and a half
inches in diameter externally and from
two and a half to two and one fourth
inches high sitting in position. The
cavity varies between two and tM^o and
one-fourth inches in width, and aver-
ages one and a half in depth. Among
twenty-three nests four held four eggs
each, nine held three incubated eggs
each, four contained three fresh eggs
each and six contained three youug
each.

I am convinced that only one bi'ood
is reared in the season in this localit}'
as I have searched carefully for second
nests without success, no nest contain-

308

THE OOLOGIST.

ing fresh eggs being found after June
28. If the tirst nest and eggs should be
taken or destroyed a second attempt at
nidiiicalion will be made in the vicinity
of the first site. The female is not a
close sitter and from my observations
is rarely surprised on the nest. On on-
ly two of the above nests were the
birds found sitting, and these two were
approached at dusk after most birds
had retii-ed for the night; in fact it was
so dark that the nests would have been
passed had not the birds I'evealed them
by their startled flight. When the nest
is disturbed, the parent birds frequent-
ly flit about in the foliage in the vioin-
itj', protesting with their queet and oft-
en betraying much solicitude. Usually
however, they appear to take very lit-
tle interest in the fate of their home
and family.

P. M SlLLO-\VAY,

Virden, 111.

Notes Prom Audubon's Biography-
Part V.
Ten years have now elapsed since the
first number of the Illustrations of the
Birds of America made its appearance.
Audubon estimated at that time that it
would take sixteen j'ears to complete
the work, and this was so announced
in the prospectus which was issued and
distributed over the country. His
friends did not think there was a pos-
sibility of his reaching the goal which
his ambition had placed before him,
and, he was strongly urged by many
of his friends to abandon the enterprise
dispose of his drawings, and return to
his native country. Having made ar-
rangements for meeting the first difti-
culties, Audubon turned his entire at-
tention to the improvement of his
drawings, and was at length pleased to
note that they w^ere steadilj' increasing
in merit. He was pleased to note also
that every engraving completed by Mr.
Havell was better than its predecessor.
His friends also complimented him on

his more favorable prospects. Num-
ber after number appeared in regular
succession, and after four years of anx-
iety and hard work, he was presented
by Mr. Havell with the First Volume of
the Birds of America. Convinced that
there had been no falling off in the en-
graving of his plates, but rather a
change for the better, he looked eager-
ly forward to the time when the second
volume should be completed.

About the eighth year after the com-
mencement of his wox'k a nobleman
called on Audubon, with his family and
requested to be shoM^n some of Audu-
bon's original drawings. This desire
was the more readily acceded to by
Audubon because his guest was an ad-
vanced .student of Ornithology. In the
course of the conversation Audubon
was asked how long it would be before
the work was finished. When he said
it would be eight years more the noble-
man shrugged his shoulders and with a
sigh said, "I may not see it finished, but
my children wall, and you m&y please
to add my name to your list of sub-
scribers." This remark sunk deeply in-
to Audubon's mind, and the thought
often came to him that he might not see
the work finished, although his children
might.

The greater part of the first eight
years after the engraving of his draw-
ings was commenced was spent in Lon-
don and Edinburgh. Audubon's desire
to compare his specimens with those of
the Zoological Society of London in-
duced him to ask permission to do so,
which the Counsel freely accorded."

The Ornithologj'^ of the United States
may be said to have been commenced
by Alexander Wilson, whose premature
death prevented him from completing
his labors. It is unnecessaiy to state
how well he performed his task; but al-
though he succeeded in observing and
obtaining a large number of our birds,
yet he left many which were afterwards
discovered through the untiring zeal of
Audubon.

THE OOLOGIST.

300

While at Natchez ou Decembev 31,
1820, a little iucident occurred which
well nigh resulted in a catasrophe. A
friend proposed a trip to New Orleans,
which Audubon acceded to, and soon
after they were ploughing along at full
speed. Towards evening inquiries
were made respecting certain portions
of their baggage, among which was one
of Audubon's portfolios containing a
large number of drawings, man}' of
Avhich represented birds hitherto un-
ligured. The portfolio was nowhere to
be found, and Audubon at last remem-
bered that he had handed it to a ser-
vant to carry on board, but in the hur-
ry and turmcil of embarkation it was
overlooked and left behind. It was
useless for Audubon to fret, so he be-
gan to devise a plan for its recovery.
He wrote to Mr. Garnier, and his ven-
erable friend Charles Carre. After an
interval of two months and a half he
had the gratification of receiving a let-
ter from Mr. A. P. Bodley of Natchez,
stating that the missing portfolio had
been found and was deposited at the
office of the "Mississippi Kepublican,''
whence an order from Audubon would
liberate it. Through the kindness of
Mr. Garnier it Avas received on April
5th, all the drawings present and unin-
jured with the exception of one, Avhich
Audubon laughingly regarded as for
commission.

Nearly three years have now passed
since the Third Volume of the Birds of
America made its appearance, and
about twelve since tne first fasciculus
of his Illustrations of the Birds of Amer-
ica was submitted to public inspection.
This magniticient work, compromising
four hundred and thirty-five plates and
ten hundred and sixty-five figures, was
finished on the 20th day of June, 1838,
without the continuity of its execution
having been broken for a single day,
and the numbers having been delivered
with exemplary regularity.

The adventures and vicissitudes which

fell to the lot of Audubon, instead of
diminishing his enthusiasm, onlj' served
to inflame it the more, and imparted a
toughness to his naturally strong con-
stitution, and to his naturally buoyant
mind an elasticity si;ch as to assui'e
him, that, although somewhat old, he
could yet perform a journey of any
length on foot were he sure that by so
doing he could thereby add a little
something to his knowledge of the
American fauna.

When Audubon last left Edinburgh
he went to London, full of a desire to
visit America once more before his
great life-work should be completed.
It was the wish and dream of his life
that he might cross the Continent of
America, gaze on the sublime majesty
of the Rockies,, wander along the fertile
valleys of the Oregon, and search the
shores of the Pacific and a portion of
North Cai'olina; but circumstances were
such that it was impossible to follow
out this plan. Ari'iving in London Au-
dubon and his family were kindly wel-
comed by Audubon's brother-in-law,
Alexander Gordon,. Esq., and were soon
after established in a house on Wimpole
street.

Mr. Audubon was informed by his
engraver one daj' soon after his arrival
in London that a gentlenman, a Fellow
of the Royal Society, had subscril^ed
for the Birds of America, and in a few
days Audubon had the pleasure of see-
ing him 'personally. This man \, as a
surgeon of the highest merit, and soon
after Audubon made his acquaintance
he took charge of Audubon's wife's
health and attended her for years, but
never a farthing would he receive in
l)a3nnent.

Having been long desirous of intro-
ducing into America European birds,
Audubon secured about a hundred spec-
mens, in perfect health, consisting of
Starlings, Skylarks, Jaj's and Wood
Pigeons, with the intention of setting
them loose in the Western States. They

310

THE OOLOGIST.

were placed iu ample cages and sent
aboard at London docks, but the ven-
ture was almost a total failure, as near-
ly every bird was dead before the ves-
sel anchored in New York harbor.

(TO BE continued).

Nidification of the Fish Crow-

So little has been written on the nest-
ing of this species, that it has occured
to the writer to make known to those
who are interested, the notes taken on a
single days collecting trip, in which the
Corvus ossij'7'agus figured prominently.
May 18th, '94, I found about 40 pair
breeding on one of the numerous islands
on the South Jersey coast, Cape May
county. The timber consists of large
White Holly and Red Cedar, the latter
dead or alive, invariably covered with
usnea.

The bird usually flushed before one
has observed the nest in consequence
of this in connection with the fact that
almost every tree contained its one, two
or three nests, and that they all looked
alike from below, we were compelled
to climb upward of 70 or 80 trees. For-
tunately they wei'e easily ascended with
climbers and were all within thirty-nine
feet of the gi'ound. A number of birds
of this species, returning from their
crabbing trips or thieving expeditions
for the eggs of the Clapper Rail; con-
stantly hovered above, out of gunshot,
protesting nin their gutteral clatter.
Two sets of 4, four sets of 5, and one
set of 6 eggs were found, all containing
small embryoes.

While the eggs do not differ from
certain examples of the Corvtis ameri-
canns in my collection, the nests are
totally different in botn composition
and workmanship. Placed indifferently
in a foi'k or out on a branch of a tiee, it
is composed of sticks, twigs, sometimes
with the addition of cedar bark and us-
nea or ti-ee moss; lined with strips of
cedar bai'k.

No earth being used the nest presents-
a neat appearance. The outside depth
and diameter are equal. The measure-
ments are as following in inches.

Inside: Depth, 4 to 5; diametei', 6 to
8. Outside: Depth, 12 to 15; diameter,.
12^to 15.

Three sets befoie me exhibit the
markings of the series.

Set I. Six eggs. From pale mala-
chite to light glaucous-green, spotted
and blotched wiih mouse and olive
grey, overlaid with rather large spots
and blotches of olive green, heaviest at
larger ends, and grading No.l (the heav-
iest marked) to No. 6, which is light-
est. A few scattei'ed spots of clove
brown found on every egg. 1.51x1.10,
1.55x1.10, 1,52x1.11, 1.49x1.12, 1.49x1.11,
1.53x1.08.

Set II. Five eggs. Fading glaucous-
green, uniformly spotted and dotted'
with olive green, a few scattered speck-
les of clove brown appearing over the
olive green. All eggs alike. 1.52x1.06,
1.51x1.07, 1.50x1.06, 1.54x1.08, 1.40x1.02.
Set JII. Four eggs. Pale glaucous-
green, with shell markings of mouse
and olive grey, ovei'laid with spots ana
large blothes of olive green and clove
brown, much the heaviest at the large
ends. Markings clearly defined. The
clove brown predominating on fourth
egg. 1.47x1.01, 1.50X.96, 1.42x1. 02,1.45x
1.01

A nest containing fully fledged young-
of the C. americanus was found by my
companion, Mr. Lionel F. Bowers. It
would appear that the latter nested ful-
ly a month previous to its smaller cous-
in.

It is worth observing that the natives-
make no distinction between the two
species, considering them the same; al-
tho' the difference in size is at once ap-
parent to the novice.

F. L. Burns.

THE OOLOGIST.

311

Nesting Habits of the Golden-winged Waibler

Tliis is the oal\'' species of the genus
which is kuown to breed regularly in
the L,ower Peninsula. Peihaps we
might call it the most abundant species.
but one other the Nashville Warbler, is
very common during the spring migra-
tion and nests in some sections.

The Golden- winged Warbler, Heimin-
thophila chrysnj)tcr(i (L.) arrives about
May tirst on Michigan's southern boun-
dary, but often in April. I have kuown
it to appear on April 26th again not be
seen till May 11th, but it is probable that
it always ai'rives by the tirst week ofMay,
but is overlooked at times. The males
appear first. In fact the females are
hardly to be seen at any time, for they
are very retiring at all seasons.

Often as collectors are tramping
about low clf^ariiigs, or at the edges of
bas.swood, ash and elm forests, or in
boggy land covered with willows, al-
dei's and swamp scrub, a faint series of
notes may be heard. These notes can-
not be called a song but they evidently
answer the purpose.

Ordinarily the effort sounds like
zu-ce-e-e-e-e-e long drawn out, but this
is often varied by wheez-e-e-ee-e-c-e

This effort is sometimes changed to a
crazv series of notes which cannot be
tlescribed, but which are in no sense to
be considered musical.

At the time the strain is issued it is
next to impossible to tell from whence
the sounds proceed, and it is often e.\-
ceedingly difficult to locate the singer.
I have repeatedly supposed the notes
to come from high in the trees when it
proved that the singer was on the
ground. Again -the notes seemed to
rise from beneath my feet when the
bird was located in a tree. Generally
the Gold-wing sings from a low bush or
limb of a tree, and it is rare that one
is found well up, from the ground.
Still I have shot the birds from the tops
of tiill forest trees. In addition to the

songs, there are some call notes, com-
mon to both sexes, and one of these, a
penetrating, metallic sound, is quite
characteristic of this species.

The males are quite conspicuous and
are not diflticult to secure but a female
is (juite a rarity unless shot during mi-
gration, or from or near the nest.

One sultry day. June 5th, several
years ago, while hunting about a clear-
ing, I Hushed a female Gold-wing, and
feeling satisfied from her actions that
she had a nest near she was shot to in-
sure identity. Judge of my disappoint-
ment, after a few minutes search to dis-
cover live young birds in a well con-
cealed nest among the tussocks of rank
marsh grass. Regretting the misfor-
tune to the young, I passed on with
caution, as several birds were singing
about me. In a f^hort time another
bird was Hushed, this time a male,
which led me to hope that the father of
the unfortunate young would lake care
of them.

The second nest contained five eggs
which proved to be too far advanced in
incubation to save. This nest, like the
tirst was placed on the ground, and
was supported by small shoots and
grass.

In consti'uctit)n the nest in no wayre-
.sembles the structure of any bird that I
have met with, but it comes nearer in
materials to the nest of the Maryland
Yellow-thi-oat. The bulk of the nest is
composed of course leaves and dried
grasses, with a plentiful amount of
coarse strips of grape vine bark. The
lining was of tine roots and there was
nothing of that artistic finish, and
make-up of delicate materials which
lend a charm to the appearance of
many small bird's nests. The nest as a,
whole was bulky, and large for the size
of the bird.

At various times J have found this
Wprbler nesting in !-everal sections of
the state. At the Noith a favorite loc-
ation is at the edge of a pinery where it

212

THE OOLOGIST.

borders on a lower piece oi laud. Mr
Jerome Tromblj'^ of Monroe county in- ,
forms me that a favorite selection is .
among a lot of shoots of the spice bush
which support it at the sides.

The eggs are given at from four to
six, but in this state five seems to be the
regulation set, while only four are
sometimes found. So far as my exper-
ience goes they are alwaj'^s crystal white
dotted with reddish at the larger end;
the fine dots often forming a ring. The
averages given of dimensions are usual-
ly larger than those 1 have met with
and I am quite certain that the eggs of
this Warbler are smaller than the eggs
of any other of the family with which I
have had experience.

While I cannot assert that these
birds breed in colonies, still it is pos-
sible that this is the case. In partial
substantiation of this I would record
the discovei-y of three nests within an
area of less than an acre, and it will be
seen by observing ornithologists that
several males are found in the same
neighborhood generally .

Like several other species of Warb-
lers this bird is not constant to a neigh-
borhood year after year. I know of
localities where birds have been found
two successive seasons but this is un-
usual I believe.

When we consider the localities
chosen, it is not strange that the species
varies its abocie, as the new lands and
clearings often undergo great changes
within a twelve month.- Specimens are
sometimes taken in abundance in a
neighborhood where suitable ground is
to be found, and the following season
not a bird or nest is to be seen any-
where in the locality.

The Gold-wing evidently prefers low
sections of land, and aijpears most at
home in quarters where deep woods
border marshy tracts. I have yet to
meet with the birds in very high and
dry localities, although they are some-
times seea in elevated swampy spots.

I have never found the birds in oak
openings, hickory lands or sandy soil.

After the nesting period has passed
the males are silent and but little is to
be learned about them. I know noth-
ing as to the date of departure of this
bird which is one of the mosc beautiful
of our thirty-eight species of Michigan
Warblers.

ScoLO Pax.

Observations on Birds-
Mr. S. R. Ingersoll in the Ornithol-
ogist and OoLOGiST of May, 1893,
gives the information that twentv-six
nests of fourteen species of birds were
to be found Mithin three hundred feet
of his house. These nests all contained
eggs or young, but he fails to state the
situation of his home -otherwise than
that "it is in the midst of an apple or-
chard" and he does not say whether
the nests were all to be found at one
time or during the season. If this item
refers to a particular date, or even
month, it is remarkable, if the boundary
of three hundred feet' is exactly measur-
ed; but if the nests of several seasons,
or even one full year are intended, the
item loses its interest. Mr. Ingersoll
also fails to give his residence, a point
which should never be omitted.

In July '93, Mr. O. Widmanu of Mis-
souri, and whose home is at Old Or-
chard, I believe, presented a still more
surpi'ising list, giving the names of
thirtj'-two species of birds which Avere
found breeding within the same limits
from his house. And these birds occu-
pied (55) nests, not to mention the many
nests of the European Tree Sparrow,
and ignoring the Cowbii-d which was
also-present as an uninvited guest.

It would indeed be charming to visit
Mr. Widmann in his enchanting retreat
and listen to the bird chorus which
must constantly regale him with varied
carols for at least three months of the
year. It is very pleasing to know that

THE OOLOGIST.

ollt-

this happy gathering of songsters is
fostered and protected by their patron
where they can pillage the garden and
fruit trees without restraint, only re-
paj'ing the owner by their agreeable
presence and delightful melodies.

My home is iu the city where one is
denied the presence of most of our birds.
Still, in spring and fall migrations,
manj'^ species Hit through or over my
home yard. During a lai'ge share of
the time for the past twenty-tive years
I have I'ecorded the visitors to our
yard, and this list, started as the result
of a boyish whim, has grown to a reli-
able record of no mean size. The num-
ber of species of birds identified in or
over our yard in size,tive and a quarter
b\' twelve rods, is one hundred and
thirty-four,* while (19) species have
been found nesting at various times.
In one tree alone, a burr oak, Quercns
macrocarpa, in this yard of (63) square
rods, I have recorded sixty-four species
of birds fduring the last quarter of a
centui'y, in which time the -village of
Kalmazoo, Mich., has grown to a city
of 20,000 inhabitants.

Three hundred feet from a common
center gives a circumference of over
(108) rods equal to more than eight
times the area of the space where my
notes were taken. When we consider
that these notes are mainly from obser-
vations iu the village or citj', the good
I'esults of continued observation are
apparent. Mokris Gibbs.

Albinos of the Grasshopper Sparrow.

On the 30th of May, 1898, while en-
gaged in making a collection of eggs
for the cabinet of Central University, a
bright boy who was assisting me
brought me a nest which he had scoop-
ed with his hands from a depression iu

* The names of these birds are given In full
in For Mt and Sfream, N. Y., date August II,
1892. in article entitled, "Bird Life in a City-
Yard."

+ The list of these (64) species is given in
Science. N. Y. City. October 'JT, '».'^, in an article
••The Vi.sitors to One Oak Tree."

the ground in an open meadow where
it was partially concealed b,v an ovei*-
hauging tuft of grass. In materials and
structure it was precisely like the nests
ordinarily built by the Song Sparrow
in similar depressions in the ground.
The eggs, which were five iu number,
were of about the usual size and shape
of those of the Song Sparrow, but were
spotlessly and immac late white.
Ivnowing the propensity of the Song
Sparrow to vary the coloring and mark-
ings of its eggs, I immediately con-
cluded that the nest must be of this
species, but the boy earnestly protested
that he knew a Song Sparrow when he
saw it, and this was not one but a some-
what smaller bird with yellow upon its
breast and wings. As he had found the
bird on the nest, was a close observer,
and had every opportunity to make ac-
curate observation, this of course set-
tled the matter as far as the claims of
the Song Sparrow went. We went as
soon as practicable to the spot where
the nest was found, but the bird was
gone and the most patient and diligent
search failed to find her again, and my
note book received the very unsatisfac-
tory entry: "Set of live, about .75x.65,
pure white, somewhat incubated; nest
on the ground, in open meadow, like
Song Sparrow; species unknown."

On the 15th of June, 1894, while on a
similar expedition my son startled a
bird from her nest in a similar depres-
sion iu the ground. Catching a glimpse
of the white eggs and the yellow wings^
and not being able to identify the bird,
he shot her and brought her home with
the nest and five pure white eggs. Up-
on examintion the bii'd proved to be
unquestionably the Grasshopper Spar-
row or Yellow-winged Sparrow, {Am-
inodramns savcmnarum passerinus), and
as the nest and .set of eggs, taken last
year, are the exact counterpart in all
respects of this last set which has been
fully identified, there remains no doubt
that both are of the same species (A. O.
U. 547).

After consulting all the authorities at
my command I tind no recorded in-
stance of sets of eggs of this bird that
are spotles^sly white. If any reader of
the OoLOGiST has had an experience
similar to mine I should V)e glad to hear
from them. T. D. Witiieuspoon,

Richmond, Ky.

314

THE OOLOGIST.

The Oologist.

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to

OOLOGY AND ORNITHOLOGY.

FRANK H. L ATT IN, Editor and Publisher.
ALBION, N. Y.

Correspondence and Items of interest to tne
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You Are a Judge-

Your decision must be mailed us not
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Write on back of a postal card the five
articles which yoic have decided to be
the most valuable, instructive and inter-
esting in this number of Oologist and
mail to us. Number the articles in the
order which you think the prizes should
be awarded.

We give our Judges five prizes hav-
ing an aggregate value of over %^, one
to each of the five whose decisions are
nearest the final award of Mss. prizes.

AUGUST CONTEST -
Fifty-one Judges

1. Nestiug Habits of the Killdeer,
181.

2. Nesting of the Western Gull. 141.
'6. Notes from Audubon's Biography,

126.

4. The First Day of June, '94, 109.

5. Nesting of the Whooping Crane.
72.

The following articles received cred-
its as follows:

6. Thrasher's Song, 70.

7. Koad Runner, 55.
The lucky Judges:

1. No. 45. — Fretl S. Haggart, Chag-
rin Falls, Ohio: 4, 2, :J. 1, 5. "

2. No. 4— C. H. Finue, Little Rock,
Ark.; 2, 1, 3, 5, 4.

3. No. 3 — Cyrus Crosby, Crosbv. N.
Y.; 1, 5, 4, 2, 3.

4. No. 1(5— U. Franklin Weeks, Port-
land, Oregon; 1, 4, 2, 3, (5.

5. No. 36— Otto Grady, Ludlow, Ky.;
2, 1, 3, 4, 6.

SEPTEMBER CONTEST-

Forty-eight Judges -

Hooded

1. Nesting Habits of the
Warbler, 220.

2. Crane Island, 178.
Notes from Audubon's Biography,

3.

128.
4.
5.

Notes on the Pho-be, 112.

Oology vs. Philately, 64.
Eight Judges named the winning art-
icles in their exact order. The prizes
were awai:(led as follows:

1. No. 6— Walton Mitchell, St. Paul,
Minn.

2. No. 13— B. A. Garrett, Ballstou
Spa, N. Y.

3. No. 18— Millard Van Wagner,
Gretna, N. Y.

4. No. 30-C. O. Nifong, ^Hrden.Ills.
A fifth prize was awaaded each of the

following:

No. 31— Frank N Wright, Virden, Ills.

No, 34— H. C. Lillie, Visalia. Calif.

No. 41— D. Franklin Wrecks, Portland.
Oregon.

No. 48— Fred McAllister, Davison,
Mich.

All prizes for both the August and
September contests were mailed on
October 10th.

I

THE OOLOGIST. 315

Chas. K. Reed,

Of No. 262 Main St., Worcester, Mass.,
the well-known Taxidermist and Dealer
in EVERYTHING in the Specimen and Sup-
ply line required by the Naturalist and
Curio Collector, has recently issued a new
Illustrated Catalogue, containing several
half-to.:es. A copy will be mailed every
reader of the Oologist upon receipt of
only a 2c stamp.
Yoit should send at 07ice for a copy as the
supply is limited.

31G

THE OOLOGIST.

SYSTEMATIC COLLECTIONS.

With unusual facilities for securing educational materials, it is proposed to take
the lead in furnishing systematic collections for teaching MINERALOGY, GEO-
LOGY, and ZOOLOGY in Schools and Colleges. Individual Specimens also fur-
nished. Catalogue sent on recipt of 6 els. in postage stamps.

RELIEF mAPS AND MODELS-

Special attention given to Relief Maps. Send for circular describing Grand
Canon, Yosemite Valley, Yellowstone National Park, Mt. Shasta, Mt. Vesuvius,
Kentucky, Massachusetts, Ncav Jersey, Etc., Etc. Also model of the whole Unit-
ed States, ivith adjoi7iing ocean bottoms, modeled on correct c^irviture. Many of
these made especially for Schools. New Relief Map of Palestine, Modeled for the
Palestine Exploration Fund, Now ready.

LANTERN SLIDES.

Series of Lantern Slides for class illustration in Geology, Physical Geogi'aphy,
Etc.

undescribed ones es-
)r "fall." Meteorites

MEOTERITES.

A good price paid for meteorites of all kinds. New and
pecially desired. An extra price jiaid for the entire "find"
also cut, polished and etched.

WASHINGTON SCHOOL COLLECTIONS-

Minerals, Rocks and Invertebrate Animals.

These collections, decided upon after numerous conferences with teachers and
experts connected with the U. S. Geological Survey and U. S. National Museum,
have just been introduced into the schools of Washington, and will be known as
the Washington School Collections.

It is safe to say that no collections of equal excellence have ever before been
offered in this country at so low a price ($2 each.) Send for circular.

WASHINGTON SOUVENIR COLLECTION.

A collection of 20 specimens in separate trays m handsome cloth covered box
showing the principal building and ornamental stones used in the Public Build-
ings of Washington. Price 75 cts. Will be sent postpaid to any address for $1.00.

EDWIN E.HOWELL,

612 1 7th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

THE OOLOGIST.

317

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This number denotes the time when
your subscription expires or lias expir-
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M siguilies your subscription expired June, 1890
au •• " " " Dec. "

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110 " '• " will expire Dec. "

We are desirous of straightening our
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our sub.scribers will send in their sub-
scriptions for '94 including all arrear-
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amounts necessary to accomplish this
are as follows :

■•.%"— S3.2.5. "6a"— la.OO. '-68"— $1.7.5. "74"— $1..W
•■80"— $1.25. "86"'- $1.00. "93"— 7.50. "98" -.50c.
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Should you desire to discontinue
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indebtedness to us is 10 cents less than
the above amount. The figures are
according to our books Sep. 15, 1894,
and many renewals received since that
date have been credited on our books,
but not on the wrapper.

New Standard Catalogue

OF

jSJorth /\merican ^'''ds Eggs

COMPILED BY

FRANK H. LATTIN,

Assisted by Capt. Ghas. E. Bcndire,

J. Parker Norris, Esq., and

the late Capt. B. F. Goss.

It gives the Common and Sclentiflc name of
every North American Bird according to the
A. O. U. Nomenclature. It also gives the A. O.
U. Numbers as well as those of both Coues' and
Hldgeway, and la-st but not least It gives the
value of eggs of nearly enery species, over one
hundred of which never appeared on any print-
ed list before.

It Is not a personal catalogue of any one
Dealer or Collector, as there Is not a Collector
In the entire World who has or could furnish
all the species whose values are given, and
there Is not a Dealer who could furnish over
from .50 to 75 per cent of the species priced.

Price 35 cents per copy. 3 copies for $1.00.

FRANK H. LATTIN, ALBION, N. Y.

THE NAUTILUS.

A monthly devoted to the intesests of Oon-
chologists. F'dited aiui published by H. A. Pils-
bry, Academy of Natural Sciences and C. W.
Johnson, Wagner Free Institute, Philadelphia,
Pa. Send for sample copy.

TIT" ATI H AT»f n 1 Try what lO Cents sent

Rcchester, N. Y-, will bring.

FRANK B. ARMSTRONG.

TAXIDERMIST,

.\ND (OLI.ECTOK AND DEALER IN

Bird and Mammal Skins,. Birds Eggs

in fine sets, Reptiles, Mounted Birds

and Animals.
Brownsville, Texas, U. S. A.

J !!iShotGuns^^i^^JRevoivers,

'J "^^^^ for Price List. GnnWorkSiFlUsbnTsh^FC^

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EDWARD W. CURRIER,

1 20 Sutter St., Room 1 7,

San Francisco, Cal.

Taxidermist and dealer in Birds Eyes, Taxid-
ermist supplies, etc. Skins and eggs of Cali-
fornia Birds, also Cal. curiosities. Correspon-
dence solicited.

^

The Oregon

NATURALIST.

AN illustrated \2 page monthly devoted
principally to On/if holoc/y and Oology. It
will open a new field where a great abund-
ance and variety of species abound. Collectors
could no doubt add different specimens to their
cabinets through its columns.
The subscription price is

oisriLiTT as GTS. A. -s-esaIk,.

Our advertising rates are moderately low.

Throughout the entire pages are seven wood
engravings, a full-page engraving of the Euro-
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Its pages are open to correspondents from the
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Send a 2iic Postal Note for a years subscrip-
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Address,

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Indian Relics, Minerals, Curiosities.
Large Catalogue Free.
Rhode Island and Connecticut Kelics a specialty.
Some special goods at special prices for stamp.

W. PERRY ARNOLD,
oyr. STON^NGTON, co:^N.

318 THE OOLOGIST.

ii4ei6^/n.

A Monthly Magazine for both Amateur and Specialist, Devoted
Exclusively to Research in Natural Science.

The above publicatiou I shall issue regularly after Nov. 15tli at latest, and first
number naay possibly appear sooner.

It is to be a high class journal, 40 wide double column pages, and will contain
interesting articles illustrated with fine engravings, on Oology.Oruithology, Mam-
malia, MoUusca. Mineralogy, etc. No fiction, or overdrawn articles will be al-
lowed, but all matter will be strictly original, from the pens of the best Natural-
ists of the pi'eseut day. I have already a large list of our most eminent scientists
that have pledged their heai'ty support, and from the encouragement already re-
ceived, and the fact that I have on hand a very complete stock of Natural Science
Specimens, su that all cuts may be taken from the original objects and true to na-
ture, I feel assured of a Journal, that will at once command a place among the
very highest and best of its kind.

For the first year, an Exchange Column will be open for the use of subscrib-
ers, at one-half the usual rates. I have used the columns of Scientific magazines
enough to know that to be valuable, the paper must have a large circulation. I
cannot boast a large subscription list at present, of course, but I can guarantee to
every person, who may send his advertisement for the initial number, that his ad.
for the first three numbers at least, will go to 5,000 first-class addresses. These
5,000 names will be carefully screened from over 20,000 names now on hand.
Over half of these parties have either written or ordered of me the past year.
Can you think of a magazine that offers such oppoi'tunities for A 1 results. The
rates will be as follows, for the present. We guarantee them never to be any
lower.

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12 lines to the inch.

Advertisements to run 3 mouths or more 15c per line.

Exchange, Want, For Sale, Notices ^c per word.

No Exchange for less than 25c.

The subscri])tion price will be $1.00 a year. In order to start the Magazine oil"
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To each and every person who sends me $1.00 for subscription to "The Mu-
seum" for a year, beginning Nov. 15th, and ensuing for one year therefrom, I
agree to send a credit slip good for 50c worth of anythiug I advertise; or, you
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Doubtless no one is better posted than I of the perils of launching into the
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Hoping to hear from you frequently' and to mei-it your patronage, I am.

Yours Fraternally,

WALTER F. WEBB,

Albion, N. Y,

THE OOLOGIST. 819

NIAQARA FALLS.

Hundreds of the Eeaders of the Oologist visit Niagara annually
and they always make it a point to visit

TUGBY'vS NEW MUSEUM.

This new museum is located on Falls street, only a fe v: steps from R.
R. Depots — Electric car line passes its entrance — and occupies a new
three story building, which cost thousands of dollars to build and fill —
Among the hundreds of attractions Avithin will be found a large and
magnificent collection of Birds and the largest collection of birds
EGGS in a PubUc Museum in the State. It is a well known fact the
World over that TUGBY of Niagara Falls, N. Y. is Headquarters for
EVEEiTHiNG in the Curio, Specimen, Novelty or Souvenir line pertain-
ing to Niagara.

METHODS

I.V THE ART OV

TAXIDERIVIY,

OLIVER DAVIE,

Author of "Nests and Eggs of North
American Birds," etc.

Containing Ninety Full Page Engravings, over
Five Hundred Figiire.s minutely illustrating
the most practical method.s practiced in the art.
It teaches in detail, .step by step, the Skinning
and Stuffing of Uirds. Mammals. Crustaceans,
Fishes and Reptiles, together with illustrations
of fonus and Attitudesof the Animal Kingdom.
The text is by Or.iVEK Davie, who has made
Taxidermy tils life study and jirofession. The
originals of the illustrations were made in In-
nia ink from time to time as the actual subjects
could be obtained from which to make the va-
rious procedures. They were drawn by the
eminent Bird and Mammal Artist. Theodore
Jaspek. a. M.. M. D.. whose experience in the
Art of Taxidermy extends over a period of fif-
ty years. Every illustration by this artist is a
irork of art. Among these engravings are re-
productions from photogi'aphs of actual work
by American Taxidermists. Each Copy of this
book is enclosed in box for shipment and is
Hent prepaid upon receiptor price.

In one Quarto Volume, Silk
Cloth, (iilt Top, L'ntrininied
Edses, Jf>10.

FRANK H. LATTIN,

Pubhsher of THE OOLOGIST,

Albion, N. Y.

EGGS.

From the Orient and Assam 'Malakka) In-
dia. Australia, Africa, etc., correctly named
at moderate prices, also European and exotic
Birds skins. HERMANN ROLLE,

Emdener St., 4, Berlin, N. W., Germany

Davie's Nests andEggs

North AMERICAN birds

Re-Written and Greatly Enlarged, with an

Introduction by J. Parker Norris, and Full

Page Illustrations of Nests, etc., by

Theodore Jasper, A. M., M. D.

and W. Otto Emerson.

This work is descriptive of the Nests and Eggs
of the Laud and Water Birds of North America,
which includes all the species known to exist—
those that occur or are Indigenous north of the
Southern United States boundary, including
Greenland and the peninsula of Lower California.

The breeding range of each species is given,
the time of nesting, the exact number of eggs
Uild, their color and size together with the chief
characteristics of the bird.

The arrangement of the work Is according to
the nomenclature of the A. O. U. Code and
c;heck List, and the old numbers (Kldgeway's)
as used in former editions, are placed to the
right of each species. Throughout the text all
the common names of the birds are to be found,
and a complktk analytiol index of these Is
given,

An invaluable book as an aid for the Identlfl-
catlon of specimens to all those collecting In the
Held,

The work consists of 47.') pages and 12 full page
Illustrations.

Paper Edition, $1.25; Cloth $1.75.

FRANK H. LATTIN, ALBION, N. Y.

320 THE OOLOGIST.

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Imitatoi's claim something "just as good," tiiereljy admitting tlie superiority of
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BE HONEST, AND REFUSE IT.

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it from Rust, Pits, Tarnish or Corrosion, and pi'eserves its finish.

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VOL. XI. NO. 11.

ALBION, N. Y., NOV., 1894.

Whole No. 109

Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales.

Brief special annoimcements. "Wants,' "Exchanges" "For Sales," Inserted In this department
.(or 50C per 3.") words. Notices over 3.5 words, charged at the rate of one cent per each additional
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"Dkaler-s" can use these columns at Regular AdverUsing rates, only,

Strictly t'lrst-class specimens will be accepted in payment at one-hall list rates.

•Exchfinge Cards and Coupons (subscription) will be accepted tor "Wants" and "Exchanges'" only
and according to conditions stated thereon.

WANTED.— One or two 2:^ cal. Steven's
rifles, with or without globe sights. State con-
dition and lowest cash price. CHAS. C. TRY-
ON, Box r>\'. Avoca, Iowa.

CHINESE CLAY.— 2oz. specimens of clay
from Hong Kong China, to exchange for In-
dian relics or lOc in cash. J. T. FITCHETT,
■Janesville, Wis.

WANTED. Second hand Coues' Key. Will
give you caish if cheap. Have also Davie's
Nests" and Eggs to give in part payment. FRED
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CASH for first-class high grade compound
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Write descriptions. E. L. POTTER. ai8 North
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WANTED.— 3, 4, C and 10 cent Columbian
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deer. Make offers. STEPHEN P. HARWOOD,
1.53-' Park Ave,, Baltimore, Md.

TO EXCHANGE.— Fresh and dry Bird skins
for Fresh Skins. Also Fifty Novels and
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NINE flrst-class eggs, sets, of Short-eared
'Owl to exchange for other eggs or for skins of
Jfringilhht'.. J. D. SNYDFR, JR., Waterloo,
Ind. r

I HAVE a Crescent bicycle, solid tire, good
condition, which I will exchange for a Steven's
rifle, or will sell for cash. W. BARNHURST,
].SI« Cambria St., Phila., Pa.

A 1-32 H. P. steam engine, Colt's powder and
ball revolver, eggs in singles and sets with
data and fossils from Md. for Indian relics.
J. HARMO.VUS FISHER.JR.. 122.5 N. Calvert
St., Baltimore, Md.

I HAVE a few sets Laughing Gull, Black
Skimmer, Florida Cormorant and Little Blue
Heron to exchange. Or will sell cheap for cash.
J. A. DICK! -.'SON, Greshani. York Co,, Neb.

EXCHANGE NOTICE.— Pit game stags and
pullets, cocks and pens for sale or exchange for
eggs in sets. Write me. FRANK NEWCOM-
ER, Mentor, Lake Co,, Ohio.

FOR BEST cash offer. Winchester single
shot rifle. 32-40 calibre, 30 inch bai'rel, with re-
loading tools. Gun and tools cost $1.5, Used
but very little. Fine condition in every respect
REGINALD G. PAPE, McLeansboro, III.

COLLECTORS.— I collect eggs, stamos, cur-
ios, everything. To exchange nearly anything
desirable. Want musibal instruments or cu-
rios. Send complete lists and receive mine.
Everyone answered. ARTHUR TIIORNE.,
Box 642, Newark, Wayne Co., N. Y.

WANTED.— American sets of A. O. U. 181,
224, 2,58, 273, 278, 2H0,-286, 335 337, 312, 365, 366, 375,
481,611,637.718, 7'>5a, 727. 730 in exchange for
Massachusetts "sets. By doing as requested
above, you will oblige, J, H, BOWLES, Ponka-
pog. Mass.

BUFF Cochins and Black Spanish. Have
best birds in these varieties in America, win-
ning highest honors at World's Fair. New
York. Canada's Great Poultry Exhibition, &c.
A grand exhibition and breeding trio $10. Will
give good exchange in Cochins for Printing
Press not less than <'x7. Write at once for par-
ticulars and send descx"iption of press if for ex-
change. F. C. HARE, Whitby, Out., Canada.

WANTEl '.—Coues' Key, Ridgeway's Nomen-
clature of Colors, Dana's Mineralogy, D, B. B.
L. Shot Gun. Bird Skins and sets of 3.S2, 325.
."^26, ,'«7, .•328, .S2'J, 349, ,3.51, 3.'>2 A. O. U No's, I can
offer Rifles. Revolvers, Books, Eggs, Skins and
Mounted Birds. All letters answered. NATH-
AN L. DAVIS, Box 224, Brockport, N. Y.

MRS. A. S. MEARES, .lohn's Pass, Fla. has
lovely shells for xmas presents, and will send
6 lbs well assorted and postpaid to those send-
ing her .$2 before xmas.

TO EXv^HANGE.— A 4x5 camera nearly new
with outfit to exchange for eggs in sets, with
complete data. DR. W. E. ROTZELL. Nar-
beth. Pa.

332

THE OOLOGIST.

A BROOK'S cyclometer, neic. fits 30 inch
solid tire or 28 inch pneumatic tire bicycle, to
exchange for autoharp, or for sale cheap for
cash. Make me any kind of an offer at all.
NEIL F. POSSON.'Batavia. N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE.— A pair of light climbers,
for sets or singles of ist class birds eggs.
LOUIE HEMMINGSON, Lake Mills. Wis.

MOUNTED Specimens of 6.56, .W7, 517a, ri,%.
749, 653. 769, 567. 581d, 599. .543b, 458 at .50c each.
The lot $.1. postpaid. F. T. CORLESS, Los
Gatos, Calif.

TO EXCHANGE.— My collection of birds
eggs and cabinet, 150 varieties, mostly sets
with datas, value $150. for first class bicvcle.
CLARENCE H. WATROUS, Chester, Middle-
sex Co,, Ct.

HAVE.— Fifteen dollar Guitar, new 33 Revol-
ver and Goody's 'Story of Wild West," (Mor-
rocco bound) "to exchange for first-class sets
with data. D. E. MOULTON, Falmouth, Cum.
Co., Maine.

NEW ! Send for free sample of new system
of marking eggs, no pencilmarks to mar beauty
also prevents' entrance of dust or beetles to
eggs. E. E. MOFFATT, Winsted, Conn.

ALL KINDS of Job Printing in exchange
for eggs. Many common varieties wanted.
"The Standard"*datas and labels a specialty.
A. MOWBRAY SEMPLE, Poynette, Wis.

JAMES BROS.. Monterey. Calif., breeders of
thoroughbred high scoring White Wyandottes,
eggs for sale at $J.. 50 per 13. Can also furnish
any other kind of Throughbred eggs desired.
Correspondence solicited. Eggs well packed
and shipped to any part of the U. S.

STAMPS.— Great success. Shall continue to
make a specialty of my Net Approval Sheets
at lowest discount rates. This plan enables me
to use stamps of all kinds and values on same
sheets, no other system allows of it. Send for
one. H. M. GILLETT, Lebanon Springs, N. Y.

NICE Specimens of Silica, odd formations
from Port Tampa, Florida. Magazines and
other articles to exchange for specimens of In-
sects. Shells, etc. EDWIN «i DRAPER, G. F.
A. OBice C. R. I. & P. R. R.. Chicago. Ills.

FOR SALE.— Collection of Birds Eggs; over
I'iO varieties in sets and singles, complete data.
Catalogue value $10. Will sell to person mak-
ing best offer. For complete list, varieties,
number eggs in sets, etc. address. C. T. SALT-
ER. 1318 So. 8th St. Springfield, 111.

WAR! STAMPS! WAR! Fine sets of 6 var-
ieties of unused Venezuela stamps only IScts;
.'5 sets. 35cts. 10 mixed used Foreign stamps,
lOcts : 100 varieties of stamps, catalogue value
over 13. only $1 ; 3 var. Confederate bills, lOcts;
entire 3c war envelopes on blue used, Sets each;
entire sheet of 14 M, unused Port Rico stamps,
25cts. Try me once, address, J. E. HAND-
SHAW, Smithtown Branch, N, Y, N4t

SAY YOU! Have you any cash for bird skins,
eggs, nests. Insects, minerals, fossils. Indian
relics, books, jointed fish pole, and many arti-
cles of personal property? If you have and you
mean business, send stamp and state what you
want and I'll quote prices. These things must
go at once, and you can have them at your own
figure. Specimens are my private collection
and fine. Send nouK Will exchange any of the
above for educational or scientific books or
magazines. B. S. BOWDISH, Phelps. N. Y.

ANNOUNCMENT Extraordinery ! Readers,
of the OoLOGisT will be pleased to see for the
first time a good half-tone portrait of Editor
Prank H. Lattin, which appears, together with
a reminiscent biographical sketch by H. R.
Tavlor in the September number of the Nidiol-
agist. The price for a 'sample copy" has been
invariably 10c, but out of complinient to the
readers of the Oologist. who all want "Lat-
tin's picture, we will send a copy of this num-
ber for .5 ce?its. cash or stamps. Other features
and illustrations "above par." Write at onCe.
THE NIDIOLOGIST, Alameda, California.

FOR EXCHANGE. -Double barrel muzzle
loading shot gun. 20 gauge, 40 inch barrels^
Nearly new, cost $15. A good gun. Will ex-
change for best offer of eggs in sets with data.
ARTHUR B. ROBERTS, Weymouth, Medina
Co., Ohio.

WANTED —Pair of standard climbers. Can
offer a pair of ball-bearing roller skates, also.
sets and singles of this locality. Also sets and
singles for sets. A. I. MCCORMICK, .503 S.
Olive St., Los Angeles. Calif.

LARGE list cloth bound books "standard fic-
tion etc." for perfect sets and data comm.on or
rai'e. Can furnish cabinets to order, any num-
ber drawers very cheap for cash or verv extra
inducements in' eggs, minerals or relifs. no
trash wanted. E. E. MOFFATT, Winsted. Ct.

^ BULBS, Ferns, Orchids. Pelargoniums. green-
house plants wanted. Can offer same, and na-
tives, Scolopfndriuin. A. fili.r-mas. P. hexagon-
eptera. etc. W. E. SAUNDERS. London. Ont.

OREGON, Washington and Idaho ornithol-
ogists ara requested to correspond with the un-
dersigned on the important subject of organiz-
ing an association. ARTHUR L. POPE, Mc-
Minnville. Oregon.

FOR ONLY .50 cents. $500 Confederate Mon-
ey (assorted!. $400 Confederate Bond, and 6 rare
Arrow Points. Catalogue 3 cents. J. F. BOW-
EN. luka. IVTiss. S3t

NOTICE.— T have foreign stamps, tobacco^
tags cigarette cards, colored sands and small
unframed painjings to exchange for old U. S.
stamps, eggs in sets and curios. P. C, WOODS.
Fayette, Ind.

ONE OF our leading Ornithologists, writes:
"I am very anxious to secure about a dozen
male Bobolinks alive. Can you help me in get-
ting the birds?" If any reader of the Ooi.ogist
ca" ftirnish them please address the Publisher
of the Ooi.ogist at once, stating lowest price
for same.

5000 EGGS for sale, sets and singles, at
rock bottoTu prices, such as Western Grebe.SOc;
Loon. 7.'>; Sharp-shinned Hawk. 40; Swainson's
Hawk, 'Zr>: Kestrel, 12; White Ibis. 35; Flamingo
.50; Sea Eagle, 1.00. Send for my full list before
ordering elsewhere, vou will save by it. W.
RAINE, Toronto, Canada.

T AM building up a general scientific collec-
tion, embracing all departments of the Natural
Sciences and if you have anything truly desir-
able to otTer in exchange for anything I may
have in stock or if you have any standard
books or publications that you wish to dispose
of I shall be pleased to correspond with you.
When writmg give full descriptions stating
your lowest exchange price and give me an
idea of about wlmt vou would like in return.
FRANK H. LATTIN. Albion, N. Y.

THE OOLOGIST.

323

Thanksgiving Olfer of Birds Eggs.

Between now and Christmas I shall offer Birds Eggs of all kinds lower than ever before. Look
over the following, and the discounts offered and send in your order at once. All are strictly lirst-
class. Data accompanies sets only. Discoiints: Parties sending II hill may select eggs to the
amount of $1.2.5, Send $3 and select eggs to the value of $3.50. Send $3 and select eggs to value of
4.50. Send $4 and select eggs to value of $6.li0. Send $5 and select eggs to value of $8.50. Send $8
and select eggs to the value of $16 or send $10 and select eggs to the value of $35. All are sent pre-
paid. In addition to above discounts, parties sending $.5.00 order or over, will be entitled to a
years subscription to the Museum, free. See ad. elsewhere.

Pied-bill Greebe

Puffin

Murre

Calif. Murre

Kittiwake Gull

...$ 10
.... 'M
.... 20
.... 20
.... 25

Amer. Herring Gull

Ring-bill Gull

Laughing Gull

.... 20
.... 25
20

Franklin's Gull

Cabot's Tern

Caspian Tern

Common Tern

Black Tern

Sooty Tern

NoddyTern

Fulmar

.... 30
... 40
.... 40
.... 08
.... 10
.... 25
.... .50
50

Manx Shearwater.

1 00

Leach's Petrel

Gannet

Cormorant

.... 20

.... 35

30

Farralone Cormorant ...

White Pelican

Brown Pelican

Blue wing Teal

Barrows Goldeneye

Whooping Swan

Amer. Flamingo

White Ibis

.... 40

.... a5

... 25
.... 20
... 75
.... 1 ."iO
... 1 00

3.T

White- face Glossy Ibis..

Wood Ibis .'

Amer. Bittern

Least Bittern "

.... 1 00

.... 1 00

.... 75

20

Amer. Egret

Snowy Heron

Louisiana Heron

Little Blue Heron

Green Heron

.... 30
... 15
... 12
.... 12
12

Bl'k. crown. N. Heron....

King Rail

Sora Rail

.... 13

... 30

12

Virginia Rail

Corn Crake

Florida Gallinule

Amer. Coot

Eup. Snipe

Dunlin

... 13

... 20
... 10

on

... 25
35

Willet

Bart. Sandpiper

Spotted Sandpiper

Lapwing

... 40

... .30

... 15

15

Oj-stercatcher

Bobwhite

... 35
15

Texan Bobwhite

Fla. Bobwhite

Calif. Partridge

Prairie Hen

... 10
.. . 10
... 15

'.;o

Sage Grouse

Chachalaca

60

Red-bill Pigeon

Wl.ite-wingDove

Mex. Ground Dove

... 75
... 20
... .50

Mourning Dove

Turkev Vulture

... 05
75

Black Vulture

Cooper'.s Hawk

Red tail Hawk

... 75

... -M

.50

Gray Sea Eagle

Merlin

Kestrel

... 2 00

... 30

25

Sparrow Hawk

Amer. Osprey

And. Caracara

Long-ear Owl

Screech Owl

Tex. Screech Owl

Burrowing Owl

Road-runner

Yellow-bill Cuckoo

Black-bill Cuckoo

Baird's Woodpecker

Gold-fronted Woodpecker

Flicker

Nighthawk

Western Nighthawk

Texan Nighthawk

Ruby-throated Hummer..
Nests of Hummer, asstd...

Scis-tail Flycatcker

Kingbird

Crested Flycatcher

Mex. crested Flycatcher ..

Phiebe

Wood Pewee

Acadian Flycatcher

Western Flycatcher

Little Flycatcher

Traills Flycatcher

Least Flycatcher

Skylark

Prairie Horned Lark

Amer. Magpie

Blue Jay

Amer. Crow

Fish Crow

starling

Bobolink

Cowbird

Dwarf Cowbird

Yellow-headed Blackbird..

Red-wing Blackbird

Bicolored Blackbird

Tricolored Blackbird

Brewer's Blackbird

Purple Grackle

Great-tall Grackle

Bronzed Grackl^

House Finch

American Goldfinch

Arkansas Goldfinch

Ch'stn't-collaredLongspur

Vesper Sparrow

Grasshopper Spai-row

Lark .Sparrow-

Western Lark Sparrow

Chipping Sparrow

Field Sparrow

Son^c Sparrow

Mountain Song Sparrow..
Heermuuu's SongSparrow
Samuel's Song Sparrow..

Texas Sparrow

Towhee

Spurred Towhee

California Towhee

Cardinal

Rose breasted Grosbeak
Black-headed Grosbeak.....
Indigo Bunting

21
50
1 GO
35
40
40
15
30
10
15
75
.50
03
40
40
40
51)
25
10
05
10
30
05
05
15
15
35
15
10
15
15
15
05

Lazuli Bunting 20

Sharpe's Seed-eater 1 00

Dickcissel 05

Scarlet Taaager 25

Summer Tanager 25

Purple Martin 13

Cliff Swallow 03

Barn Swallow On

Tree Swallow 15

Bank Swallow 03

Cedar Waxwing 10

Loggerhead Shrike 08

White rumped Shrike 08

Red-eyed Vireo 10

Warbling Vireo 15

Yellow-throated Vireo 25

White-eyed Vireo 15

Bell's Vii-eo 15

Prothonotary Warbler 25

Golden-winged Warbler.. 75

Parula Warbler 20

Myrtle Warbler 75

Magnolia Warbler .50

B'kthroated Gr'u Warbler 50

Pine Warbler .50

Prairie Warbler .SO

Oven-bird 20

Louisiana Water-Thrush. .50

Maryland Yellow-throat 12

Yellow-breasted Chat 08

Long-tailed Chat...- 15

Hooded Warbler .50

Amfricau Red.start 15

White W:igtail 10

Me dow Pipit 10

Sage Thrasher .50

Mockingbird 05

Catbird ra

Brown Thrasher 03

Senueit's Thrasher . 15

Curve-billed Thrasher 15

California Thrasher 20

Bendire's Thrasher 75

C-'ctus Wren 12

Rock Wren .50

Carolina Wren 10

Lomita Wren 75

Bewick's Wren ;5

Baird's Wren 25

House Wren _ 05

Long-billed Marsh Wren.. 05

White-breasted Nuthatch 35

Brown-headed Nuthatch. . 25

Tufted Titmouse 35

Chickadee 12

Carolina Chickadee 15

Wren-Tit 50

Bush-Tit 25

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 20

Wood' Thrush 06

Wilson's Thrush 12

Russet-backed Thrush 15

Hermit Thrush .30

American Robin 03

Western Robin 10

Wheatear 10

Bluebird 02

Western Bluebird 12

WALTER F. WEBB, ALBION, N. Y.

324

THE OOLOGIST.

Indian Relics, Minerals, Curiosities.
Large Catalogue Free.
Rhode Island and Connecticut Relics a specialty.
Some special goods at special prices for stamp.

W. PERRY ARNOLD,
oyr. STONINGTON, CONN.

^^^--^^Hp*^

The Oregon

NATURALIST.

AN illustrated 13 page monthly devoted
principally to 0?'«i7^oZogr?/ and Oology. It
will open a new field where a great abund-
ance and variety of species abound. Collectors
could no doubt add different specimens to their
cabinets through its columns.
The subscription price is

OlSTLi'S' S5 GTS. A. ^yB-A-K..

Our advertising rates are moderately low.

Throughout the entire pages ai-e seven wood
engravings, a full-page engraving of the Euro-
pean Avocet being on the cover page.

Its pages are open to correspondents from the
Atlantic to the Pacific.

Send a 2.5c Postal Note for a years subscrip-
tion. A sample copy of Vol. 1. isio. 1, Septem-
ber, 1894, will be mailed for two stamps.

Address,

G. B. CHENEY, Publisher,

Lock Box 4-07, Oregon City, Ore.

- CO :^^^^^Sw.<i«(am;)^»*=B^Gre at Western^

tor Price List. 6imWorlu,FUtBt)arg]i,l

SFINF^ NETS, TENTS, and

^^^^ * * ' ^^*-'» SPORTINC3 GOODS.

Every description Of Guns, Revolvers, Ammu-
nition and Sporting Goods at very lowest pric-
■es. We have something of interest to you.

AGENTS

WANTED. Something new
Full particulars. One man
made $27.40 in one day. One
lady made $22 In one day.
Address Lock Bos ii.3 A. B. P. CO., South Bend
Indiana. Mention Oologist.

FRANK B. ARMSTRONG,

TAXIDERMIST,

AND COLLECTOR AND DEALER IN

Bird and Mammal Skins, Birds Eggs

in fine sets, Reptiles, Mounted Birds

and Animals.
Brownsville, Texas, U. S. A.

EDWARD W. CURRIER,

1 20 Sutter St., Room 1 7,

San Francisco, Cal.

Taxidermist and dealer in Birds Eyes, Taxid-
ermist supplies, etc. Skins and eggs of Cali-
fornia Birds, also Cal. curiosities. Correspon-
dence solicited.

Wonderlul '"''^^nVti'^t^i^T

11 \ji±\xKj±±u.i Kcci^ester, N. Y-, will bring.

THE NAUTILUS.

A monthly devoted to the intesests of Con-
chologists. Edited and published by H. A. Pils-
bry, Academy of Natural Sciences and C. W.
Johnson, Wagner Free Institute, Philadelphia
Pa. Send for sample copy.

ONE OF A HUNDRED. '"When will you
cease to astonish your patrons by the bright,
fresh quality of your articles and the charm of
your illustrations? The August A"i(/io?o<;isMs a
climacteric. You ought to receive the requis-
ite dollar from every real Ornithologist in
America.— Rev. P. B. Peabody." The October
number, (No. 2, Vol. II) has 5 half tone illustra-
tions two of them page plates, and is In every
way a most valuable number. Says Benjamin
Hoag of Stephentown, N. Y. : "You can count
me as a life subscriber. Words fail to express
my cippreciation of the Nidiologist.'' A year's
Subscription, with free exchange notice, is still
but one dollar. It may be raised, as we are
giving more than twice its value now. Sample
lUc. Advertising in Xid. ^ay.s— rates low. Re-
mit to H. R. TAYLOR. Publisher, Alameda,
California; or ROSS TAYLOR, 150 Fifth Av-
enue, New York City.

H. H. &C.S. BRIMLEY,

COLLECTORS, RALEIGH, N.C.

First-class Bird and Mammal Skins and Eggs,
Reptiles and Batrachians both alive and in al-
cohol. Full data. Send stamp for price lists.

Figures of Importance.

Examine the number following your
name on the wrapper of this Oologist.
This number denotes the time when
your subscription expires or has expir-
ed.

56 Signifies your subscription expired June, 1890
62 " •• " " Dec. "

68 ,' " " " June, 1891

74 " " " " Dec. "

SO " " " " June, 1892

86 " " " " Dec. "

92 " " " •' June, 1893

98 " " " " Dec. "

104 " " " '• June 1894

110 " " " will expire Dec. "

We are desirous of straightening our
subscription books at once and trust
our subscribers will send in their sub-
scriptions for '94 including all arrear-
ages, at their earliest conveniences, the
amounts necessary to accomplish this
are as follows:

".=)6"— $3.35. "62" -.$2.00. "68"— $1.7.5. "74"— $1.50
"80"— $1.8.5. "86"— $1.00. "93"— 75c. "98" -50c.
"104"— 2.5c.

Should you desire to discontinue
your subscription to the Oologist your
indebtedness to us is 5 cents less than
the above amount. The figures are
according to our books Oct. 15, 1894,
and many renewals received since that
date have been credited on our books
but not on the wrapper.

The OoLOGiST.

VOL. XI. NG. 11.

ALBION, N. Y., NOV., 1894.

Whole No. 10J>'

The Study of Bird Life.

Persistence and patience are prime
essentials to success in the study of
bird life. The successful student of
birds must be a constant rambler of
field and forest, a patient observer in
meadow, grove and orchard, along
hedgerows and highways, and in shad-
ed nooks by lakes and streams. The
same beaten path will be productive of
new facts every time it is traveled with
open eyes and ears. If you have ti'ied
nest and egg collecting, there were
doubtless many orchards, thickets or
pieces of hedge which you believed you
had explored carefully, yet a walk
through the same localities late in aut-
umn after the leaves had fallen, would
have disclosed to you many nests that
had escaped your keenest search. As
you pass along the street to school on
winter mornings, you can see among
the bare boughs over your head old
nests which you perhaps passed daily
in the nesting season without discover-
ing, t lough you thought at the time
that you were wide awake for evei"y
tenement of your feathered neighbors.

Only those who have attempted to
discover the secrets of nature know
how easily may be overlooked the ob-
jects of one's search. In my earlier
days a pair of Wood Pewees had taken
up their quarters in a corner of a small
apple orchared and I desired to add
their nest and eggs to my collection.
After deciding that the nest was in one
of two contiguous trees, I spent several
hours of several different mornings in
looking for it. I finally found it almost
on a line with my eye, saddled upon
a horizontal branch under which J had
stooped many times in passing around
the tree. The Wood Pewees nest is
not an easy object to locate for its

grayish materials form au excellent
mimicry to the supporting brinch and
it may be mistaken for a knot by an in-
experienced observer.

In the satae orchard a pair of Red-
eyed Vireos attracted my notice by
their uneasiness when I approached a
particular spot. Having never exam-
ined a nest of this species, I began to
look for their home, which I had read
might be found suspended among the
outer twigs of orchard and shade trees.
I searched many minutes every day for
two weeks withont success. At length
I gave up the quest baffled and almost
convinced that I had been deluded con-
cerning the situation of the nest. Later
when peering upward to locate the nest
of an Orchard Oriole in au apple tree,
there before my eyes and not three feet
away, hung the object of my long
search, in such plain view that I mar-
velled at my passing it so many times
without observing it. It contained
young about a week old. Having found
that one at last, I discovered two others
the same day in the outer twigs of
maple trees along the street. When
vou have once stumbled upon a new
bird or nest, you will be surprised at
the ease and frequency with which you
will afterwards find others of the same
species.

The nesting of the Towhee or Che-
wink for a long. time was a mystery to
me. One day I accidentally flushed a
female from her nest among the sprouts
almost under my feet. The mystery
was understood, for I found half a doz-
en other nests of this species within the
week.

New facts are no more easily ascer-
tained in ornithology than in any other-
science, and often only after a long
series of observations is some particu-
lar fact established or some old mis-

326

THE OOLOGIST.

take corrected. One fortunate moment
of light may reveal a truth hidden for
years. One golden morning of the year
may bring to your neighborhood a bird
you never thought of meeting alive at
home, and its acquaintance will repay
you for the many previous fruitless
tramps over the same localities.

Not until I had studied the birds
of my home district for more than fif-
teen years did I there meet a Yellow-
breasted Chat or a Lark Sparrow. On
two fortunate mornings of last fall I
secured specimens of the Harris's Spar-
row, a species of which there are only
two or three recorded instances of its
captui-e in Illinois.

The i-equisite thing is to be on the
spot at the fortunate time. It is natur-
al for one to hold preconceived ideas
concerning the birds one meets and
these ideas may lead one into serious
errors which may be believed for years
until a day comes bringing the truth to
the earnest searcher. Seeming facts
which have been deduced from insuf-
ficient data may be proved untrue by
prolonged and more careful observa-
tion. A bird may be eating the seeds
of plants when we think it to be pick-
ing the insects from the leaves. In the
Report of the Secretary of Agriculture
for 1890, page 282, Mr. Walter B. Barrows
tells of his supposing for years that the
Swallows hovei-ing by thousands among
the barberry bushes were picking up
flies when they were greedily eating
the berries, as he afterward learned.

A careful training of eye and ear is
essentially necessary in the equipment
of the naturalist, and this traning can be
acquired only by frequent contact with
nature herself. I would solicit every
boy and girl to become a student of
nature, and those who cultivate her ac-
quaintance will learn that she does in-
deed "speak a various language." As
one's knowledge of this language in-
creases, the sounds of forest and mead-
■ow, of grove and stream, acquire a

meaning to the eager listener. The
twitter of the Chimnej' Swift far above
one's head revelling in the flood of sun-
shine and darting about in its quest of
flying insects, tells of a home glued to
the sooty side of a dark flue. Over in
the neighboring trees the croaking of a
"Rain-crow" or Cuckoo indicates the
presence of that somewhat unknown
yet interesting specios, and its dilatory
nesting habits are recalled to mind.
The well known carol of a busy Wren
arises at intervals and in imagination
we see the little creature whisking
about among the lower limbs of that
lai'ge decayed maple, and we suspect
that the cavity in its trunk contains a
mass of sticks conveyed thither by that
active busybodj'. Higher up among
the branches laden with bursting buds,
we hear the melodious notes of a Rose-
breasted Grosbeak and though now
out of our sight he must be gleaning
the buds for his favorite insects, paus-
ing now and then to hop to a near
branch and to pour forth again his at-
tractive notes.

He who would know birds must visit
them in their haunts and there train
his ear to distinguish the variec^ notes
of pi'aise and joy or of anger and alarm
and there accustom the eye to detect the
coloi's of the flashing wing and to dis-
cern the flitting form among the deep
foliage of the woods. A knowledge
of birds can be obtained from books
or by the examination of specimens in
collections, but bird-life can be studied
only among living birds. Read all the
works about ornithology you can ob-
tain. From them you will learn much
about birds and their habits, and you
will be inspired to advance in this
noble science, but also go out into the
healthful sunshine and know for your-
self our common birds. Verify what
you read by your own obsei'vation, and
you will learn perhaps to your surprise
that the same species in different local-
ities behaves in a very different manner.

THE OOLOGIST

3-27

■I'ODstructiug its nest differently in Illi-
nois than w hen in Louisiana, or in one
state nesting on the ground while in an-
other state it may build in bushes or
trees. Birds of a particular species may
vary in color and iu diet with change
of districts, and very frequently have a
different song for difl'ei'ent seasons. If
you ai'e a farmer's boy and your daily
occupation loads you out where birds
may be founti on all sides of you and
even beneath j-our feet, count yourself
a favored mortal and use the opportun-
ity to form the closest iutimacj' with the
birds of your locality. Compare their
habits with what you read of them in
your father's agricultural papers and
reports and in your books about birds.
Observation and reading are yoke-fel-
lows in ornithology as well as in other
departments of knowledge.

Bird music can not be learned by
leading about it. No set of syllables
<;an ever suggest the melody of a bird
voice or the quality of the tones uttered
by an exultant songster in its own free
wilds. If one would recognize the var-
ious voices in the myriad choir of bird-
land, he must study them separately
in their setting of field, grove, and for-
est. Along the openly wooded streams
can be heard tlie Song Sparrow, the
Kingtisher.the Cardinal, and the Phcebe.
In the open meadows are the Field and
Vesper Sparrows, the Meadowlark, the
Bobolink, the Bob-white, and the Black-
throated Bunting or Dickcissel In the
orchards one can study the Grackles,the
Orchard Oriole, the Wren, the King-
bird, the Cuckoos, the Vireos, and the
Robin. Along the hedges sing the
Brown Thrasher, the Chipping Spar-
row the Catbird, and the Goldlinch.

In the higher shade trees are the Rose-
breasted Grosbeak, the Yellow Warbler,
the Baltimore Oriole, the Warbling
Vireo,and the splendid Tanager. From
the bushes arise the notes of the Marj'-
land Yellow-throat, the Yellow breasted
Chat, and the Towhee. In the woods

are noted the Blue Jay, the Chickadees,
the Woodpeckers, the Indigo Bunting,
and the Wood Pewee, besides the many
other species found in any and all of the
above situations. These are only a few
of the myriads of the feathered tiibes
awaiting one's aquaintance and study,
forming an inexhaustiable Held, varying
with every locality and every season.
Each particular region invites and de-
mauds constant watch and scrutinglest
any of its features should be overlooked
or neglected, or any of its characteristic
notes be uttered with no appreciative
ear to receive them or no sympathetic
hand to recoi'd them.

P. M. SiLLOWAY.

OoUecting, viz: - Oological-

The OoLOGiST is probably the
most popular iournal of Natural
History published iu this counti-y.
Hence it is probably the best key we
have to the ideas, sentiments and
working methods of the rising genera-
tion of oologists and ornithologists and
to their progress and retrogression.

First as to the progress— A subscrip-
ton list of twenty-tive or thirty hundred
names means some twenty hundred
people who occasionally at least, come
in contact with nature and in whom
there must be regenerated some of
that love for nature which is the rightful
inheritance even of the child of the city.
Therefore in that respect the increase
which we see in their number is a truly
great gain.

As to the retrogression — several
writers in recent numbers of the ''Ool-
gist" have called attention to it— it is the
growing spirit of "collecting. " Collect-
ing for collecting's sake, collecting to
increase the collection ; collecting be-
ing the beginning and end of these would-
be Oologists. Oology is the study of eggs,
or better, the shells of eggs. How little
these collectors tell us about their stud-
ies of the eggs after they have once

328

THE OOLOGIST.

^fathered thein into their possession !
They give us their notes on nidology, or
the nesting habits, which is all very in-
tei'esting and instructive, but which
certainly might be done without collect-
ing at all. No. I think you will agree
with me that it is too much the craze
for collecting. A good and very desir-
able craze so long as it is kept within
the bounds of inanimate objects —
stamps, curios, minerals, and the like ;
for the collector must necessarily re-
ceive some benefit from it and no one
receive any harm. But when extended
to eggs, birds, and other useful animate
objects it is, to say the least, injusti-
fiable. Looking at it from an economic
and somewhat selfish standpoint, the
birds are a necessary help to the farm-
ers and the ultimate decrease in their
numbei'S caused by such collecting is
certainly perceptible ; from a sentiment-
al and rather less selfish standpoint the
birds themselves enjoy life and sensibly
increase the joy and happiness of the
world about them. For either one of
these reasons the collector should be
made to desist his marauders and give
vent to his craze on some other subjects,
where less harm will be done. Do not
think that we wish to condemn or de-
precate collecting— Not so, but I do
wish that collectors should realize that
the only collecting which is justifiable is
that which is done for the purpose of
study and is wholly secondary to study;
and I do wish that public opinion and
the opinion of those collecting from a
proper motive would come out in
stronger condemnation of those who
attempt to conceal their depredations
in the cloak science and thus throw the
science of Oology into such disrepute
that of all people the Oiilogist is most
despised and contemptible in the eyes
of the farmer and all lovers of the
country. Against this each and
every honest lover of nature and each
and every student of nature should
make loud protest.

Science is essentially knowledge. la
the pursuit of any Science the first thing
to be done is to collect facts ; the sec-
ond thing is to gain a knowledge of the
laws which govern the facts — i. e. to ex-
plain the eggs within any particular set,
and a comparison of sets of the same
species. This necessitates collecting,
but not extensive collecting, for a good
series of a few species of any one local-
ity will aft"ord food for thought for some-
time. Hence I advocate the collecting
of a lai'ge number of eggs of
a few species — twenty sets of one
species of Hummingbirds eggs rather
than one set each of twenty species. If
one has seen an egg of any one species
of Hummingbird he has seen an egg
which will pass for a sample of almost
all other species, and he would know
little more, had he samples of each of
these various species, for he would be
simply verifying a fact well established,
by hundreds before him — that there is
little difference, save in size, in all the
various species of Hummingbirds.
VVei-e all eggs of any particular species
of birds laid under precisely similar
circumstances we might expect the eggs
to vary as little as the bird which laid
them, their existence and their relations
to one another. For the Oologist by
far the most accurate and convenient
method of collecting his facts is to col-
lect eggs. Each egg is a bunch of facts.
For exaiuple take the Catbird's eggs we
have right before our eyes the fact that it
has a thin hardshell, white on the inside,
green on the outside, longer than broad,
more pointed at one end than at the
other — and so on. Now it is for the
scientist to explain these facts. He
will probably satisfy our demands by
saying, it is thin in order that air may
pass through for the growing chick,,
hard that it may not be crushed by the
setting mother, green because that
color blends with the green of the bush-

(Continued on page 337.)

THE OOLOGIST.

329

Leach's Petrel-

lu wriling au account of a day's out-
ing it is almost invariably the custom
to make tlie first few sentences in re-
gard to the weather. To most pursous,
the state of the weather undoubtedly
does have a great deal to do toward the
enjoyability of the trip, and to follow
this custom I will say that on the twen-
ty-second of June, 1893, I do not re-
member whether it was very warm or
very cold or whether the sun shone or
not. All I do recollect about ihis all-
important subject is that liiere was
enough breeze to make the little fish-
ing boat lean over in a most delightful
manner, as we hummed along toward
our destination.

The "We" included Mr. Chas. K.
Reed, the fisherman, who received thi'ee
dollars for the use of his boat witli his
services throvvn in, and myself. Now
Mr. Reed spends about fifty weeks of
the year mounting birds under his
"Patent Oval Convex Wall Shades"; the
other two weeks he alwajs plans to
spend hunting for eggs and for
recreation. So for about a week we
had been wandering around among the
islands of Penobscot Bay, Me. We
found plenty of recreation but not so
many eggs. Nevertheless we were
having a good time and on this particu-
lar day we were bound for one of the
outer islands, to see what we could do
with the Leach's Petrel or as they are
known among the iishermen the "Gary
Chickens."

About eleven o'clock we drew near
the island. When half a mile from it
we knew there were plenty of l)irds
there, although not one was to be seen,
for the wind coming to us from over it
brought to our nostrils the peculiar
musky odor which these birds always
give out. The boat was soon anchored
in the lee of the land and embarking in
the dory we rowed to the shore, mak-
ing a landing without much difficulty.

The island was about ten acres in ex-
tent ai)d covered with a growth of
grass and weeds. A couple of lobster
fishermen had made it their head-
quarters and remained there except in
the coldest of the weather. They came
down to the shore to inspect us, for vis-
itors were scarce at that lonely spot.

We had found out by experience that
the best way to make friends with
these Penobscot Bay fishermen was to
tell them one's iiistorj^ and business
without being "pumped" very much
for it. So we immediately told them
that we were "ru.sticators," which is
a name th^y have for city people who
are pleasure-seeking in the country,
and that we were spending a few da,ys
around among the islands looking for
sea birds eggs for our collections. Thej^
were immediately interested and told
us 'o hunt the island over and welcome
but were afraid we would not lind
much but "Cary Chickens."

"The Carv Chickens are just what
we would like to get" we answered.

"Take the pesky things," said one of
them, "we'll be glad to get rid of them;
they bother us so some nights that we
can't sleep." "Yes," added the other,
"after dark they ;ire as tliiek as skeet-
ers and we can kill any number by
throwing slicks in the air; they keep a
s(iueaking going all the time that used
to bother us dreadfully about sleeping."

In its breeding haliits the Leach's
Petrel is a nocturnal bird, coming and
going to its nesting place only after
d ark .

Upon turning our attention to the
island we found it completely honey-
combed witn the buiTovvs of the Petrel;
some within a few feet of the fisher-
men's rude shanty; burrows here, there,
evei'y where; hundreds of them, thous-
ands of them wherever there was soil
enough to dig into; but whore were the
liirds? Not one was in siglit, not a
wing fluttered over the island, not one
in sight over tlie sea-

330

THE OOLOGIST.

Rolling up our sleeves and getting
down on all fours we let these medita-
tions take care of themselves, while we
started our arms on an exploring ex-
pedition into some of the holes. Soon
the first egg came to sight. What a
beauty it was before it was blown with
its delicate pinkish color and the little
ring of fine spots around the large end.
I did not stop long to admire it, for I
wanted some more. Soon another
beauty was unearthed and then an-
other and so on until I lost count. We
began to hunt for easier places to dig,
where the earth was softer, and there
found the burrows thicker, sometimes
running together.

I noticed that several had recently
been dug out, and wondered what col-
lector had visited the island. Upon in-
quiring I learned that he was a resident
of the place and he soon put in an ap-
pearance in the shape of a large New-
foundland dog. Seeing all hands dig-
ging doggie seemed to fear that his
rights were being encroached upon.
Sticking his nose into a hole, he sniffed
once or twice and deciding that it con-
tained a bird, a few strokes with his
powerful paws and it was unearthed;
then a crunching of little bones and the
poor chickey had disappeared where
many a one had gone before. For the
fisherman told us that the dog lived
almost entirely on the petrel in the
summer time.

All hands, including the dog. resum-
ed digging. We were just at the right
season, for nearly every hole contained
an egg. In none of them did incuba-
tion appear to have advanced more
than a week, but it was hard work dig-
ging them out although the burrows
were not very long, ranging from two
and one-half to three and one-half feet
in length, and very crooked, often mak-
ing a complete double on themselves,
and ending up near the entrance and
sometimes directly underneath it.
The nest, wiiich was placed at the

end of the burrrow, was simply a laj'^er
of dried grass, very slightly hollowed.
One egg was the full set, and 1 have
never known of their laying more. The
bird was generaly on the nest; although
I saw a few containing fresh eggs
which the birds had left to take care of
themselves, probably not yet being
ready to begin sitting. In a few bur-
rows both the male and female were
present, and in every such case there
was no egg. Both bii*ds assist in incu-
bation, relieving each other at night,
for out of two dozen birds taken from
the nests there were two or three more
males than females in the lot. In their
habits they are very cleanly, there be-
ing no filth inside or around the en-
trance to their homes. With the excep-
tion of a few unfinished burrows, there
was no earth left around the entrance.
The same sites are probably used year
after year, for only a few were found
vacant.

The birds when taken from their
nests, appeared stupified and tried to
find a place in which to crawl out of
sight. Some would simply tuck their
heads under a stone, or piece of sod
and then imagine themselves safe from
pursuit; others would run a few yards
through the grass and then take flight.
When once in the air, they would cir-
cle around once or twice to get their
bearings, and then start for the open
sea and were soon lost to sight. While
over the land their flight much resem-
bled the Night hawk's. I did not hear
them utter any note.

There is one dirty habit these birds
have, which I wish they would remedy
before I visit them again. When you
pick one up to examine it, it blinks its
ej'es a few times in a stupid soi't of a
way, opens its bill and gasps once or
twice, and then with a funny jerk of
its head, vomits forth about a teaspoon-
ful of oil over your hands and clothes.
This oil is quite clear and varies in col-
or from light straw to reddish-yellow, it

THE 05L0GIST

331

is what gives the birds that striking
odor. A little of it goes a good ways.
Eggs and skins of these birds which
have been kept for years still retain
the scent-
There is a very odd thing which the
fishermen told about them, and both
told the same story. I will repeat it
and the readers of the ,'Oologist" may
take it for what it is worth. They said
that earlj"^ in the spring, before the
ground thawed, they dug out several of
the Petrel which were apparently dead,
but upon being placed near the tire,
they soon completely revived. Quite
a number of holes were dug into, and
most of them contained birds in this
condition. The fishermen were of the
opinion that many birds I'emained in
this state during the entire winter. As
for myself, I hardly like to believe it
and I would be thankful to the person
who looks it up and finds out the truth.
Besides the Petrel, there was very
little else on the island. A few Com-
mon Tern hovered over one ^end; the
Song and Savanna Sparrows chirped
around in the grass and stones. Three
sets of Spotted Sandpiper were taken.
On a rocky point several Black Guille-
mots evidently made their home, and
had nests underneath the rocks, but
one would need a derrick to get at
them. I did not try to get any, for 1
had securred several sets two years be-
fore on another island in the bay.
Having gathered all the eggs I cared
for I wandered over to where Mr. Reed
was; he too, was satisfied. He did not
■look so fresh as he did when we landed;
he did not look as clean; in tact he was
decidedly dirty. His ears and eyes
were full of dirt; his nose was smuttj';
his arms and hands were scratched and
his clothes were torn. He said he bet
I was as dirty as he was; we left it to
one of the fishermen, who said he would
have to toss up a quarter to decide.
No one had tiiat amount of money,
so we are still in doubt.

It was with reluctance that we left
the island with its thousands of birds
sitting on their eggs just underneath
the surface. How I would like to have
i-emained over night and watched the
strange scenes that would then occur,
when thousands of birds would come
from their burrows and as many more
would come from their distant flight
over the sea.

It was impossible however to remain
longer, but as I watched the little island
fading from sight over the stern, I
made a vow that if ever I had an op-
portunity to remain in a Petrel village
over night, I most certainly would im-
prove it.

H. T. VanOstrand,

Millbury, Mass.

Nesting Habits of the Chestnut-sided "Warbler

As I understand it Mr. Editor you do
not desire notes on our common birds
as the habits have been repeatedly de-
scribed in your columns. Therefore in
describing this species there is a good
chance that my writing will go for
naught, as it is a well known Warbler.
However, I will chance a few pages of
manuscript as I believe the notes to be
of interest to many who happen to live
in sections whei'e this agreeable undem-
onstrative little Warbler is rare.

Of the family SyUncoUdce, there is,
perhaps no other of the long kno\> n
members who has been recorded as ir-
regularly, both as to locality and date
of arrival as this. If my readers will
take the time to look over a goodly
number of authorities it Avill be found
that discrepancies occur concerning
this species. Audubon, I believe and
.several other prominient ornithologists
consider this Warbler quite rare.
Then, too, there are observers who
have found the bird abundant, and
again very rare. In fact, this condition,
due to a change of location for breed-
ing, is quite noticeable in this Warbler.

332

THE OOLOGIST.

It is fair to allow that the re(iuire-
meuts of the species during the uestiag
season cause the birds to ehango their
location, as we are not disposed to ad-
mit that birds vary their selection witli-
out reason. Nevertheless repeated in-
stances in the experience of others as
well as in the case of my own records,
indicate that the Chestnut-sided some-
times fails to visit a neighborhood
where it was formerly abundant, and
from no reason that can be discovered
by careful study. Careful observations
have fully demonstrated that the settle-
ment of a locality tends to increase the
number of species of birds, and in those
sections not too thickly inhabitated b_v
man it is safe to estimate that one-half
more species of birds are now found
than were present before the locality
was invaded by settlers. As a rule, so
far as my exj)erience goes, the Chestnut-
sided selects partial clearings for its
summer home, or where clearings have
been on low land and the weeds, vines
and underbrush have sprung up on old
burns and slashings, In situations of
this nature I have found the species
abundant in three counties in the Low-
er Peninsula south of 44 degrees north
latitude. A further clearing of the
land and its cultivation of course re-
sults in the removal of the birds, but
the species strangely enough sometimes
leaves a section, admirably adapted to
their wants, and without a reason as
yet discovered. Often recorded as a
migrant and passing to the North, by
young observers, when a little careful
inquiry would show that it is a summer
resident in the neighborhood.

My earliest date of arrival is April
25th and one season it was not recorded
until May 12th, but I feel contident
that the birds are always within our
state boundaries by May Ist and per-
haps earlier, These late notes are gen-
erally not exact and result from care-
lessness or lack of sharp eyes on the
part of the recorder.

Soon after arrival the simple yet
characteristic song is heard, and is
daily ofl'ered until about the middle of
July after which they are silent except-
ing for their call notes, until well toward
the close of August at which time the
song is occasionally heard. But at this
second period of song there is seldom or
never a prolonged musical effort and
the notes are not uttered with the
heartiness of the vernal utterance.

The more common song is: che die
che die die we we we o ive Then again
the following syllables represent the
notes: dioo a dioo a die die o wee o wee
icee rapidly uttered. Still another song
not as often heard, and dilficult to ex-
press in syllables, goes something like
this, tsis tftis Isis dice ah. The first part
tsis is sometimes only given once, and
again five or six times, while the last
part of song is varied in key.

It is fair to consider this bird essenti-
ally a bush warbler as it confines itself
to low trees and bushes, and is rarely
found in tall trees excepting during mi-
grations. While nesting it is more
commonly found about thickets and
bramble patches, often near the edges
of streams or lakes and ponds and gen-
erally on or near low dai'k soil; still I
have found it breeding in hazel thickets
on high and sandy tracts. Generally
the species prefer the edges of elm and
ash forests for its nesting grounds and
most of the nests coming to my -notice
were in partial clearings whex'e the
raspberry and blackberry bushes formed
thick clumps.

In favorable seasons a good many
nests were discovered and I recall two
years when at least thirty nests were
found, all in situations as described
above. My first nest was discovered in
Kalamazoo Co., on May 20, 1874. It
contained four fresh eggs. This was an
early find and I never took another
complete set so early in the month.
For five years the birds nested regular-
ly in my locality, but not a nest has

THE OOLOGIST

833

been fouud iu the neighborhood, lati-
tude about 42-20 North, since 1878.
However, a nest was discovered a few
miles from the old place, within the
last year or two. The best time to se-
cure fresh eggs was in early June, and
on the tirst of the month, 1877 tive nests
with eggs rewarded mj' search.

The nests are generally placed from
three to four feel up when in small
bushes, and sometimes in a ci'otch quite
six feet from the ground, while many
uests have come under my ob.servation
not over one or two feet above the
ground. These lowest sites were usu-
ally in recumbent raspberry vines.
The structure is not well put together,
and will compare fairly well with nests
of the Black-throated Blue and Hooded
Warblers as to durability, and though
lacking the nicity of lining of the former
and the bleached leaves of the latter, it
is composed of much the same material,
namely, dead grass coarse and fine, fine
roots, occasionally grape vine strips
rarely a few line twigs. Some nests
contained hors3 hair. Oliver Uavie
leads one to think that the nest some-
what reseral)les that of the Yellow
Warbler, but it is fair to assert that
they are in no respect alike, either in
appearance or material.

In 1878 and 70 I fouud this bird a
common summer resident of Kent and
Ottawa counties, latitude about 43 de-
grees North. The years 1880-83 inclu-
sive the Ciiest nut-sided was summering
in Montcalm and Newaygo counties.
In 1885 and 91 I met with this bird on
Macinac Island, and have found it also
on the Northern I'eninsula as well as
in the counties on the Sjuthern bound-
ary of the state.

The birds generally select the mar-
gins of pineries at the north but prefer
the clearings where there is a second
growth. If there has been a burning
the birds always select it and are most
at home in spots chosen by the Prairie

and Mourning Warblers. White-throat-
ed Sparrows and Juncos.

The eggs are three or four in number
more often three, but live eggs have
been taken. Commonly speaking they
are white, spotted with reddish-bro vn.
But to describe a series of eggs would
occupy much space,for they vary great-
ly. Sometimes there are but few spots
on the surface, and again they are very
numerous and some specimens are so
blotched at the larger end that the
whole butt is covered with reddish-
brown or a kind of purplish or laven-
der. The dimensions of the eggs do
not differ to any great extent and in
my series of measurements there was
but slight diti'erence.

On being Hushed from the nest of
?ggs the old bird drops almost to the
ground and flits into a thicket near by
and usually remains out of sight while
the stroller is at hand, and the bird's
presence is only known by the call-notes
uttered from the thicket. When the
eggs are well advanced iu incubation
or after the young are hatched the old
birds become quite uneasy at our pres-
ence and flit about and chirp excitedly

Both birds set upon the eggs, as with,
I presume all the Warblers I am ac-
quainted with seven members of this
family, where the old birds join issue
in the duties of incubation.

Morris Gibbs.

The Ornithology of a Church Yard.

About three miles south-east of Ber-
wyn and Hfteen from Philadelphia, nest-
ing in a secluded hollow of a quiet
neighborhood, stands a quaint old
buildiug known as the St. David's Epis-
copal church.

Over the large chancel window we
read "A. D., 1714." In this little
church, men whose, names and deeds
are known to all the country; have
woi'shiped, in the time gone by. On
all sides of the church, aye even under

334

THE OOLOGIST.

the very doorstep.foundation and aisle,
lie the dead of a century and a half and
more. Here lie a number of revolu-
tionary patriots, whose graves ax'e un-
mai'ked save by a number of small
flags. Their names and deeds alike
forgotten. A modest block of marble
marks the last resting place of the
bones of "Mad Anthony" Wayne of
whom the Indian chief said "He never
sleeps" an who threatened to "rise from
his grave and fight them" should the
Indians dare break their treaty. At
the time of his death he was command-
er-in-chief of the United States Army.
Gf others I have not space to write. In
this building the British redcoats, at
one time quartered their horses. Large
pines, oaks, spruce, cedai's, gum and
various other trees, many of which
have seen a hundi'ed jears roll by, rise
above the tombs and church. Man_y
plants and shrubs of old fashioned and
little known species are scattered about
ur:der the wide spreading trees. While
the earth is as white and cold as the
tombstones, the birds alone break the
prevailing silence and monotony. The
noisy "caw caw'" of the crows as they
fly in hxrge masses and hold front to
their feeding ground, in the early
morning, or back to roost in longseem-
ingl}' endless trains, in the dusk of eve-
ning; the sweet, mellow whistle of the
Meadowlark. "H"e-<e-see-re-ee, " the
Sparrow Hawk's exaltant cry, shrill
and savage; the cheery how-do-you-do
of the Black-capped Chickadee, Nut-
hatch, or Downy Woodpecker, uttered
in a variety of language, but none the
less hearty for that, with now and then
the notes of a Flicker given in his own
rollicking manner, the '' Fi-ee-uk chow-
chow'" of the Cardinal, the "rusty
wheelbarrow" notes of the Blue Jay, or
the "tscp" of the Song Sparro v, in the
swamp beyond the wall, little else is
heard lest it be the soft silvery notes
of the Juncos and Tree Sparrows as thej'
talk contidentially among themselves ;or

when the shadows commence trailing,
the moaning notes, so sad and wild, of
the Screech Owl, from 'the evergreens.
The cry of this bird invariably turns
the listener's thoughts to that which is
solemn and grave.

But with the spring comes the sweet-
er musicians to raise their broods and
to pour out their songs of love, of exal-
tation and of triumph. Very early
comes the Bluebird, Robin, Goldfinch,
Cedar Waxwing, Purple Grackle, Kill-
deer and Spotted Sandpiper, and not
to leave until very late in the year.
The Phosbe, Mourning Dove, Red-wing-
ed Blackbird, Crested Flycatcher, King-
bird, Red-eyed, White-eyed, and Warb-
ling Vireos, Field, Chipping and Vesper
Sparrows, Indigo Bunting, Brown
Thrasher, Wood Thrush, Catbird House
Wren, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Chimney
Swift and Barn Swallow following after
according to their nature and the
weather.

The flute-like notes of the Wood
Thrush leads, with the scarcely less
wonderfid songs of the Brown Thrash-
er, Catbiixl, Robin, Vesper Sparrow, In-
digo Bunting and others to keep the
air vibi'atiug with niusic, and the grand
chorus of all the remaining birds to
add volume to the strain, to make up
the balance of the noise or complete
the i^astoral effect, the eye and ear are
at once charmed. As I look and listen
I thmk what a resting place this would
have been for the "Father of Amei"ican
Ornithology, " the great Alexander Wil-
son, whose wish it was that he might
be buried where the birds could slug
over his grave.

Midway, although not by the most
direct route, between the homes of Au-
dubon and Wilson; there is little doubt
but that both of these great Ornitholo-
gists have traversed this s^me gi'ound
in their wanderings and search for new
and unnamed species.

Frank L. Burns.

THE OOLOGIST.

335

Notes from Audubon's Biography.
Fred W. Pakkhurst..

Part VI.

Ou the tirst day of August, 183(3, Au-
dubon and his son took passage on the
American Packet ship the "Gladiator,"
commanded by Thomas Bi'itton, Esq.,
and proceeded on their voyage to New
York. Arriving in New York they
went directly to the house of Audubon's
brother-in-law Nicholas Berthoud.
Leaving his son in New York Audubon
went on to Boston, where under the
roof of his generous friend Dr. George
C. Sliattuck he enjoyed life for a while.
Through the kindness of Dr. Shattuck
Audubon secured several more subscrib-
ers in Boston, and made the acquaint-
ance of Thomas M. Brewer, from whom
he leceivied many kindnesses. Push-
ing on to Salem he secured a few more
subscribers and formed a number of
acquaintances. Soon after he returned
to Boston and heard of the arrival of
Thomas Nuttall from an extended
jourue}' over the Rocky Mountains to
the Pacific Coast. Nuttall geuerouslj"^
gave Audubon from the store of speci-
mens which he brought with him all of
which Audubon was unfamiliar with
and Avhich he desired to figure in the
"Birds of America."

From New York Audubon went to
Philadelphia, where Dr. Townsend's
collection was, which he was very anx-
ious to examine. On his arrival there
he found Dr. Townsend out of the city,
but obtained access to the collection.
Thomas Nuttall had not yet returned,
and lovid murmurs were uttered by the
soidisant friends of Science, who object-
ed to Audubon's examination of the col-
lection, and would not consent that he
should portraj" and describe those spec-
imens which were not included in the
list of American Fauna. It was agreed
at last that he might purchase dupli-
catcs,provi(lcd the specific names agreed

upon by Audubon and Nutall were pub-
lished in Dr. Towusend's name. The
latter part of the agreement was satis-
factory to Audubon, as he was never
eager to be the discovei'er of new spe-
cies. Of his treatment by those so-call
ed scientists in Philedelphia Audubon
remarks; "Let me assure you, reader,
that seldom, if ever, in m}' life have I
felt more digusted with the conduct of
opponents of mine than I was with the
unfriendly boasters of their zeal for the
advancement of ornithological science,
who at the time existed in the fair city
of Philadelphia.'"

On a journey from Louisville to Hen-
dei'son, performed during very severe

weather, in compan}'^ with Mr. T. ,

a foreigner, Audubon's companion, spy-
ingabeautiful animal marked with black
and pure yellow, and having a long
bushy tail, exclaimed, "Mr. Audubon,
is not that a beautiful squirrel ?"
"Yes," replied Audubon, "and of a
kind that will suffer you to approach it
and lay hold of it if you are gloved." Mr.

T. , dismounting, took up.a dry stick

and advanced toward the animal, with
his large cloak floating in the breeze. He
approached the animal carefully and
gently laid his stick across the skunk,
for such the "beautiful squirrel" was.
The pole-cat raised its fine bushy tail and
showered such a discharge of the fluid
given him by nature as a defence, that

Mr. T. , dismayed and infuriated,

began to belabor the poor brute. The
swiftness and good management of the •
skunk, however, saved its bones ; and
as it made its retreat toward its hole, it
kept up at every step a continued eject-
ment, which fully convinced the gentle-
man that the pursuit of such squirrels
as the?e was at the best an unprofit-
able employment.

From Philadelphia Audubon bent his
course toward Baltimore, where he
spent a few days. Before leaving Phil-
adelphia Audubon'sfriend Pxlward Har-
I'is had promised to meet him in Char-

336

THE OOLOGIST.

lestOL" for the purpose of accompanyiug
Audubon and his party along the west-
ern coast of the Floridas, and the Gulf
of Mexico at least as far as Galveston
Island in Texas.

On his arrival in Washington Aubu-
bon presented himself to the Hon. Levi
Woodbury, Secretary of the Treasury,
a gentleniau of learning, and one who
had always been favorably inclined
towards Audubon ; and he at once
assured them that he would if possible
grant them one of our Revenue Cutters
for the intended voyage. The war be-
tween the Seminole Indians and the
citizens of Florida, which was raging
fiercely at the time, tended strongly to
frustrate all their plans, as every avail-
able vessel of this class which was un-
der the control of Mr. Woodbury was
engaged on the coast of the Peninsula.
Audubon then called on President Jack,
son, from whom, since 1819, he had re-
ceived many favors, and he also assured
Audubon of his wish to be of assistance
to him.

They now proceeded towards Char-
leston, S. C, travelling the latter part
of the way on a most extraordinary
railroad, Audubon says, ar.d reached in
safety the house of Audubon's
worthy friend Dr. John Bachman. It
was indeed a happy meeting, for ever
since their acquaintance was commen-
ced in the streets of Charleston the two
had been the best of friends. At Dr.
Bachman's house the box containing
Dr. Townsend's precious series of birds
was opened, and while awaiting the ar-
rival of Edward Harris, Audubon drew
upwards of seventy figures, and was
-Bssisted in the finishing of the plants,
branches and flowers which accompan-
ied each figure, by Dr. Bachman's sister-
in-law Miss M. Martin. While in Char-
leston the agreeable tidings was receiv-
ed that Audubon had been elected a
member of the Ornithological Society
of London. Soon afterwards Edward
HazTis put in his appearance, but no

Revenne Cutter, and the spring being
very near they pushed on to New Or-
leans, wdiere Audubon had been inform-
ed by Government letters that he should
find a vessel. After several days of
hard travel they arrived at Montgom-
ery, Ala., and secured passage on a
steamer bound for Mobile, and reache>l
there the following day. Two days
were spent in Mobile examining
.the neighborhood, after which they pro-
ceeded to Pensacola. Here Audubon
made the long sought aquaintance of
Mr. Innerarity, to whom he had letters
from his friend Alexander Gordon ; and
who introduced Audubon to all persons
who were likely to foward their views.
The next moi'ning Mr. Innerarity ac-
companied them on board the United
States frigate the "Constellation," and
presented Audubon and his little com-
pany to Commodore Dallas, to whom
Audubon had letters of introduction
from the Government. The gallant
Commodore received them with great
kindness, and, after reading Audubon's
letters, assured him that as soon as a
cutter could be spared it should be plac-
ed at his sei'vice, and that the inform-
ation would be transferred to him
tlirough the medium of the Collector of
Customs at New Orleans or Mobile. Af
ter searching the countiy aiouud Pen-
sacola they I'eturned to Mobile and pro-
ceeded to New Orleans by steamer.
We will follow Audubon on his Gulf
trip in the next number.

(to be continued).

Grasshopper Sparrow in Ontario Co , N- Y.

B. S. BOWDISH.

On June 3d. of the pi'esent year, a
bright and beautiful day, I started forth
on a quiet stroll of investigation among
the feathered denizens of wood and
field. As I left the highway and started
across a clover meadow, my attention
was attracted by a somewhat suspic-

THE OOLOGIST.

337

ious looking clump of stubble, aud in-
vestigating it I found myself gazing in-
to a nest which I at first took to be an
unusual one of the Grass Finch, but
which a second look convinced me to
be a strange one to me.

It was composed of tine dry grasses,
and a portion of these intertwined with
the stubble in which the nest was situ-
ated, formed a very neat canopy, with
an entrance on the side, facing the
west.

In removing the nest the canopy
seemed to settle and unite with the i"im.
The nest exhibited the following meas-
urements: Diameter outside 4^ inches,
inside 2i inches; depth outside 3 inches,
inside 2^ inches.

The contents were a beautiful set of
five eggs, of a clear white ground color,
thickly marked with fine specks and
larger blotches of pale reddish-brown
and lilac, congregating most thickly
about the larger end, where in several
cases they formed a quite distinct
wreath. They were what might be
termed pyriform-oval in shape.

No bird was around, and the eggs
being cold and damp, the nest had no
doubt, from some cause been deserted.
Incubation proved to be fresh.

The nest was sunk in the ground, the
canopy and a firm, well built rim about
one-half inch wide being above the sur-
face.

Although I had never actually ob-
served the Yellow-winged Sparrow
breeding here, I knew it to be a sum-
mer resident, and had no hesitation in
ascribing the identity of this nest to it.
The eggs would average in size .75x.55.

On June 23d I was convinced of the
accuracy of the identity of this set, be-
yond a doubt, as while walking along a
path through a clover meadow, I saw
seated on a nest in a clover tuft beside
the path, one of these beautiful little
birds. It never left the nest till my
hand was almost upon it, when it dart-
ed off in a quick zig zag flight for a few
rods and settled in the grass.

With the exception of the canopy
covering, which in this case was want-
ing, nest and eggs were the exact
counterpart of the first ones.

Leaving the nest undisturbed, I next
morning went with my gun and se-
cured the bird as it left the nest. It
proved to be the viale, of about the ty-
pical coloring, with the usual bright
yellow wing edging, but with less of a
yellowish cast than is usual, in the
median line, interscapsulars, and under
feathers.

The nest measured: Diameter out-
side 4 inches, inside 2\ inches; depth
outside 3 inches, inside 21 inches. Like
the first nest, the bottom was frail and
the remainder of the structure rather
more poorly built. Incubation in this
set was advanced.

This bird is of quiet inconspicuous
nature, its coloring from a distance
rendering it similar to the really much
larger G^-ass Finch in the eye of the
casual observer, its song blending with
that of winged insects, (causing it to be
called Grasshopper Sparrow)
and from these causes it often remains
unsuspected where really not uncom-
mon.

The stomach contents of the above
specimen partook of both insect and
vegetable nature.

Phelps, N. Y., Sept. 2, 1894.

Collecting viz : — Oologlical.

( Continued from page 328. )
es where it lays and makes it less con-
spicuous, and as to shape we see a
most plausible explanation in the
Sept. OoLOGiST— but why white on the
inside, aud why such Aariation in shape
and size of egg in the same nest. In
connection with Oology there has been
a great amount of collecting done, but
very little studying. Coloration is an
especially fertile field — particularly so is
the coloration of sets — a compai'ison of
the circumstances are different and the
eggs are different. With a fairly large

338

THE OOLOGIST.

series of sets of any one species, accom-
panied by full and careful data it is not
an vinreasonably diS<;Uit task to explain
the variations — in stiort there is very
apt- to be more food for thought in a
series of one species or several closely re-
lated species than in a few samples of a
great many species.

The study of eggs of the same individ-
ual bird is probably the richest tield in
Oologv, but one which is only open to
those living in the country.

Finally in order that any good at all
may be gotten from a collection, full,
careful, and absolutely accurate data
must accompany each set.

We are none of us too careful or
thoughtful. Let us all consider more
fully each time we take an egg that we
are destroying Nature's blithest sweetest
creatures, the greatest friend of the far-
mer and all dependent upon him.
Wrest your heart from your cabinet
and let it thi'ob to the pulse of Nat-
ure's. Geo. H. Gray,

Baltimore, Md.

OCTOBER CONTEST.
Forty-six Judges-

1. A Study of Nests, 210.

2. Traill's Flycatcher, 142.

3. Notes from Audubon's Biographv,
129.

4. Nesting Habits of the Golden-
winged Warbler, 112.

5. AnO()logistof Early Day, 73.
The Judges prizes were awarded as

follows : —

1. No. 18— H. E. Ward, Kensington,
Ills.

2. No. 25— H. Gould Welborn, Lex-
ington, N. C.

3. No. 42— Alex. H. Noel, St. Louis,
Mo.

4. No. 3— Walton Mitchell, St. Panh
Minn.

5. No. 13— Hai-old M. Holland. Gales-
burg, Ills.

No. 16— Frank N. Wright, Virden,
Ills.

No. 33— Wm. C. Thro, Elmira, N. Y.

Judges No's 18, 25 and 42 named the
"winning articles in their exact oi'der and
No's 3, 13, 16 and 33 placed them 1, 3, 2,
4, 5.

All prizes were mailed on November
8th.

The Oologist,

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to

OOLOGY AND ORNITHOLOGY.

FRANK H. LATTIN, Editor and Publisher
ALBION, N. Y.

Correspondence and items of Interest to tne
student of Birds, their Nests and Eggs, solicited
from all.

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Write on back of a postal card the five
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We give our Judges five prizes hav-
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THE OOLOGIST.

339

I Want An Ei Collection!

I have had hiiudreds of them dnriug the past fifteen years ranging in value from a "few cents"
to thousands of dollars but, I never picked or set aside— in all these years or from all of these col-
lections—a single specimen for a personal collection, although I've freqnently thought of starting
one. I have the fever real bad but find that in order to allay the same that I must begin way back
with the "small boy" in the earliest stages of forming an oological collection and that as a starter
I shall require sets of such rare species as the Robin, Catbird, Brown Thrasher, House Finch and
even the English Sparrow.

Hence I have decided that during the first thirty days of my collection's career, that I will ac-
cept strictly A No. 1 full and complete sets o/a«j/ s^jecits recognized an belonging to the North
American Fauna.

The authenticity of these sets must be unquestionable and the data accompanying the same
must be very complete.

I prefer (am not positive on these points however) to receive sets of '94 collecting and direct
from the original collector.

Now if you have one or more sets which you think woiild please me and which you will ex-
change Mfull Standard Catalogue rates for anything I offer bslow at prices quoted I want them
and wish that you would send on at once prepaid.

Remember I will only accept such sets as I have designated and on conditions named and al-
though I will accept any number of sets from a single collector— I will not accept more than a sin-
gle set of a species from the same party— I also reserve the privilege to return any set not xm to
my standard and also the duplicate sets of many species which I shall undoubtedly receive, should
I so desire. Your specimens are to be sent at your risk and prrepaid. I will send all return pack-
ages prepaid and at my risk.

This offer is a very broad one and will never be repeated— it will hold in force until Dec 15th
not a single day later.

I have no time to correspond over this matter, hence do not write me in relation to the same
unless your letter is accompanied with specimens. Faithfully,

FRANK H. LATTIN.

The following are the articles and the prices at >vhich I of-
fer them in exchange for the above:

"Bird Life In Labrador," Stearns $ 1 CO

"Birds of Michigan," Cook 100

"Standard Catalogue of N. A. Birds" 35

"Methods in the Art of Taxidermy"Davie 20 00

Hermit Crab in Shell 50

OoLOGi.ST, 1893, bound 1 00

An assortment of showy shells for ornamental
purposes, worth any amount from SI to $.50—
as you may elect, my selection; and should
you select this lot it must go by Express or
Freight at your expense.

Rare Starfish (Echina^ler senilis). _ ,50

Mammoth Pui-ple Pacific Sea Urchin. 1 00

Sea Horse 50

Egg of Hammerhead Shark 25

Acorn Barnacle, double ; 15

Scaphites nodosus, Fossil, very fine speci-
mens at 15. 2.5, 50c and $1

Scoi-pion, nicely mounted in box 75

Porcupine Fish, nice small specimen . 100

■Chameleon, Alcoholic specimen in bottle.. .50

Sea Fern, choice .^0

Sea Fan 25

Curio Sponge 25, .50 and 1 00

Cat's Eye Scarf or Stick Pin, either dark
or light variety .50

Spar Scarf or Stick Pin 3.5

5 Spar Scarf or Stick Pins, all different 1 00
Spar Charm containing views of World's

Fair 59

Geodes, selected complete specimens!

about 3 in. in diam 1 oo

Novelties— My selection from stock left on
hand, such as I offered as premiums with the
OOLOGIST, any amount from .50c to $10.

Fishing Tackle from stock on hand, my selec-
tion, any amount from .50c to $5,

Opals, beautiful polished Mexican specimens,
$1 to $5.

Azurite and Malachite, showy specimens, 25c

Agates, beautiful, selected polished ones
from Brazil, 35c to $.5.

Agate Watch charm, same as last, 50c.

Trilobites, Calymene senaria, seconds, 50c.

Scientific Shells, carefully labelled collections
of any value you may wish, from U to $200 or
over.

Address all letters and packages that have connection v^ith
.anything mentioned on this page, plainly and in full to

FRANK H. LATTIN,
OilLEANS CO., ALBION, N. Y.

340

THE OOLOGIST.

VHTTMri "M A TTTT? A T.TQT'iif ^^^^ a start in the right direction by purchas-
XVUilVJ ilili UJLtilJJ±0±lo; ing Bartlett's Cabinet. Well worth double

the money. Nearly 1,000 sold in the past three years. Neat, novel and instructive to study.

"Young Idea" Mineral Cabinet. "Eclipse"' Curiosity Cabinet.

Contains 15 varieties of rare minerals, as fol-
lows : Coquina, Calc Spar, Fluorite, Feldspar,
Silver Ore, Serpentine, Calamine, Sj^enlte, Tour-
maline, Milky Quartz. Drusy Quartz, Hematite,
Marcasite, Galena and Zinc Ore, all labelled and
secured in a neat tray, like cut, postpaid for 25c.

Reliable Coin and Stamp Guide, 50 pages, givingrprices paid for all U. S. and Foreign Coins and
Stamps, 15c. Funny Chinese Chop Sticks. The knife, fork and spoon of the Chinamen. It is
claimed til ey eat soup with them. Ebony wood, a foot lone. 10 c a pair. Chinese Cash Coins,
.500 years old, 4 for 10c. Perfect Indian Arrow Heads, with locality, 4 for 25c, 6 for 35c, 65c per
doz. All postpaid. No, I jio longer issue a catalogue.

R. E. BARTLETT, 99 STATE ST.. ROCKFORD, ILLS.

Contains Chinese Poker Chip. Chinese Napkin..
Chinese Lottery Ticket, Star-tlsh, Giant Tree-
Bark Cal., Red Sea Beau, Alligator Tooth, S
Yellow Wax Shells, Marine Algse, Gypsum
Crystals, Bloody Tooth Shell, Chinese Cashj
Coin. Flexible Coral. 3 Boat Shells, Egg of Peri-
winkle, Drab Sea Bean, Sunflower Coral, 3-
Money Cowry Shells and Fossil Crinoid. All
labeled name and locality and in partitioned
box like cut. Sent postpaid for 25cts.

TAXIDERMISTS' GUNS. "o'SHt!'

Pistols. Gun Cases. Shooting Shot Shells: also

l^.1es% SPECIMEN HUNTERS.

All kinds, all prices from f'.OD to |2i.O0. List
free. Write for Taxidermitit's free list.

JAMES H. JOHNSTON,

PITTSBURG, PA.

Dissolution Notice.

Notice is hereby given that the part-
nership lately existing between Frank
H. Lattin and Walter F. Webb under
the tirm name of F. H. Lattin <t Co..
was dissolved on the 31st day of July,
A. D., 1894, by mutual consent.

Frank H. Lattin.
Walter F. Webb.
Yourletters must
never be address-
ed to F. H. Lat-
tin & Co., but to either Frank H.
Lattin or Walter F. Webb, which
ever you may wish to receive the same.
All matters pertaining to the Oologist
must be addressed "Lattin". By heed-
ing this "pointer" you may save both
yourself and the party you may wish
your letter to reach both delay and
possible unpleasantness.

Davie's Nests and Eggs

North AMERICAN birds

Re-Written and Greatly Enlarged, with an

Introduction by J. Parker Norris, and Full

Page Illustrations of Nests, etc., by

Theodore Jasper, A. M., M. D.

and W. Otto Emerson.

Important:

This work is descriptive of the Nests and Eggs
of the Land and Water Birds of North America,
which Includea all the species known to exist—
those that occur or are indigenous north of the
Southern United States boundary. Including
Greenland and the peninsula of Lower California.

The breeding range of each species Is given,
the time of nesting, the exact number ot eggs
laid, their color and size together with the chief
characteristics of the bird.

The arrangement of the work is according to-
the nomenclature of the A. O. U. code and'
Check List, and the old numbers (Ridgeway's)
as used in former editions, are placed to the
right of each species. Throughout the text all
the common names of the birds are to be found,
and a complete analytiol index of these is
given. .

An Invaluable book as an aid for the identifi-
cation of specimens to all those collecting tn the
field.

The work consists of 4T5 pages and 12 full page
Illustrations.

Paper Edition, $1.25; Cloth $1.75.

FRANK H. LATTIN, ALBION, N. Y.

THE OOLOGIST

341

NIAQAR.A KALLS.

Hundreds of the Eeaders of the Oologist visit Niagara annually
and they always make it a point to visit

TUGBY'S NEW MUSEUM.

This new museum is located on Falls street, only a fe v steps from R.
H. Depots — Electric car line passes its entrance — and r c ""upies a new
three story building, which cost thousands of dollars to build and fiU —
Among the hundreds of attractions within will be found a large and
magnificent collection of Birds and the largest collection of birds
EGGS in a Public Museum in the State. It is a well known fact the
World over that TUGBY of Niagara Falls, N. Y. is Headquarters for
EVERYTHING in the Curio, Specimen, Novelty or Souvenir line pertain-
ing to Niagara.

THE MUSEUM. What Movcs It

A High-class Monthly devoted to re-
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pages, highly illustrated with half-tones
and photo engravings. Acknowledged
by all the finest of its kind.

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~^ STONE

INDIAN RELICS!

Offapproval by mail. Give reference. A few
■cents expense to see a variety fro^n many States
I pay postage one way on arrow and spear
points. Largest Stock, Laugkst Variety,
AND Finest in the West. Buckskin Relics.
Weapons, Minerals, Fossils, Shells, Agates,
Curios. Catalogue with prices for stamp.
BLACK HILL.S NATURAL HISTORY ES-
TABLISHMENT, Deadwood, S. D.

EGGS.

From the Orient and Assam 'Malakka) In-
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at moderate prices, also European and exotic
Birds skins. HERMANN ROLLE,

Emdener St., 4, Berlin, N. W., Germany

One of Nature's Wonders.

THE JUfflPINfi SEED 05 LIVING BEAN!

Always Moving, Always Jumping, Always
Dancing.
The wonder of the Scientific Woild. Interest-
ing to old and young.

The ONLY ANIMATED VEGETABLE Known!

A full description and explanation of this
phenomenon accompanies each box.

Price 25c. each, 3 for 50c. Postpaid.

E. VAN WINKLE,

Vans Harbor, Mich.

SRND FOR IT!

rrroMPOUND OxvGEN— Its Mode of Action and
^ Results."— is the title of a book of 200
pages,published by Drs. Starkey & Palen, which
gives to all inquirers full information as to this
remarkable curative agent, and a record of sur-
prising cures in a wide range of chronic cases-
many of them after being abandoned to die by
other physicians. Will be mailed free to any
addi'ess on applicatton.

DRS. STARKEY & PALEN,

1529 Arch St., Phila., Pa. 120 Sutter St., S. Fran'co.Cal.

Please mention the Oolocjist.

DDIklTIMP <^f it'll kinds for Naturalists a

I nlll I lllU speciality. Note and letter
heads, envelopes, cii'culars, illustrated cata-
logues for natural history dealers. Have hun-
dreds of engravings of natural history speci-
mens. Write for estimates. 100 envelopes print-
ed, 4.=ic. noteheads same price, postpaid. C. F,
CARR, Job Printer, New London, Wis. tf

342 THE OOLOGIST.

Chas. K. Reed,

Of No. 262 Main St., Worcester, Mass.,
the well-known Taxidermist and Dealer
in EVERYTH.ING in the Specimen and Sup-
ply line required by the Naturalist and
Curio Collector, has recently issued a new
Illustrated Catalog^ue. containino^ several
half-tones. A copy will be mailed every
reader of the Oologist upon receipt of
only a 2c stamp.
You should send at once for a copy as the
supply is limited.

THE OOLOGIST. 343

SYSTEMATIC COLLECTIONS.

Witli unusual facilities for securing educational materials, it is proposed to take
the lead in furnishing systematic collections for teaching MINERALOGY, GEO-
LOGY, and ZOOLOGY in Schools and Colleges. Individual Specimens -also fur-
nished. Catalogue sent on recipt of 6 ets. in postage stamps.

RELIEF MAPS AND MODELS-

Special attention given to Relief Maps. Send for circular describing Grand
Canon, Yosemite Valley, Yellowstone National Park. Mt. Shasta, Mt. \ esuvius,
Kentucky, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Etc., Etc. Also model of the whole Unit-
ed States, with adjoining ocean bottoms, modeled on correct curviture. Many of
these made especially for Schools. New Relief Map of Palestine, Modeled for the
Palestine Exploration Fund, Now ready.

LANTERN SLIDES.

Series of Lantern Slides for class illustration iu Geology, Physical Geography,
Etc.

MEOTERITES.

A good price paid for met'orites of all kinds. New and undescribed ones es-
pecially desired. An extra price paid for the entire "find" or "fall." Meteorites
also cut, polished and etched.

WASHINGTON SCHOOL COLLECTIONS.

Minerals, Rocks and Invertebrate Animals.

These collections, decided upon after nunicrous conferences with teachers and
experts connected with the U. S. Geological Survey and U. S. National Museum,
have just been introduced intcj the schools of Washington, and will be known as
the VVashington School Collections.

It is safe to say that no collections of equal excellence have ever before been
offered in this country at so low a price (%i each.) Send for circular.

WASHINGTON SOUVENIR COLLECTION.

A collection of 20 specimens in separate trays in handsome cloth covered box
showing the principal building and ornamental stones used in the Public Build-
ings of Washington. Price 75 cts. Will he sent postpaid to any address for $L00.

EDWIN E.HOWELL,

612 1 7th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

344

THE OOLOGIST.

A Positive Rust Preventative and Lubricant.

pEYEHT

FOR GUNS-REVDLVER5-RIFIES
AND ALL METALS

STANDS WITHOUT A RIVAL.

[■ Imitators claim something "jiist as good," thereby admitting the superiority of
Gunoleum.

Unscrupulous Dealers may offer you an article said to be "just as good".
(Because it affords them a better profit.)

BE HONEST, AND REFUSE IT.

A Light Coat of GUNOlvEUM on an Unprotected Metalic Surface will prevent
it- from Rust, Pits, Tarnish or Coi*rosion, and pi'eserves its finish.

FOR
BICYCLES, TYPEWRITEKS, CAMP KITS, SURGICAL,

REVOLVERS, LAWN MOWERS, BRASS, EMBALMING

PISTOLS, FINE MACHINERY, COPPER, and DENTAL

SHOTGUNS, GUN LOOKS, STEEL, INSTRUM'TS.

Any reliable dealer who may not have Gunoleum, will procui'e it promptly
for anyone who wishes it.

SIX SIZES: Metal Collapsible Tubes, 15 and 25c., 1-4 lb. can
35c., 1-2 lb. can 50c., 1 lb. can 75c. and 5 lb. can $3.00.

Beware of imitations said to be "just as good."

MANUFACTURED BY

THE CHARLES WILLY MFG. CO.,

BAY SHORE, I. I., N. V., U. S. A.

00^

VOL. XI. NO. 13.

ALBION, N. Y., DEC, 1894.

Whole No. 110

Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales.

Brief special announcements. '-Wants,' "Exchanges" "For Sales," Inserted In this department
Jor .5()c per 3.') words. Notices over 35 words, charged at the rate of one cent per each additional
word. No notice Inserted for less than 50c. Terms, ca.sh with order.

"Dealers" can use these columns at Regular ACLmrlisimj rates, only,

Strlctlj^ l>'irst-class specimens will be accepted In payment at oue-Uall list rates.

Exchange t:ards and Coupons (subscription) will be accepted for "Wants'" and "Exchanges'" only
and according to conditions stated tliereon.

MOUNTED birds, sklus. eggs in sets, books ,
stamps, magazines and a &/'a«rf Wf-'c X L shot
gixn 44 calibre a4 inch barrel to exchange for
bird skins or set's of esrgs. No postals answered.
f-TEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER.JR.,a9 Broad-
way. N. Y.

TO KXCHANGE — For birds eggs in sets.
Barred Owl, S reech Owl, "Wood Duck, Coop-
er"s Hawk and a pair of Red-tailed Hawks. All
nict-ly mounted. Make me an offer. All
letters answered. Box 215, Peoria, Ills.

W ANTE D.— Best offer in eggs : birds: Indian
relics or minerals. None but tirst class cabi-
net specimens wanted. In trade for a new sur-
gical or dental chair, direct from factory. P.
O, BOX 414, Canton. Ohio.

TO TRADE ou Piano, a lot in Rockfofd, 111.,
worth $hm. or ?iriO worth of eggs in sets and
■fiTO cash. E. RAV L.AHM.VN, Franklin Grove,
Ills.

FOR SALE.— A lot of L. C. Smith Hammer
Guns, manufactured by the Hunter Arms c;o..
Fulton. N. Y. ; for 13.') each, list price of which
is t.55. Fine London Twist t)arrels. Walnut
stocks, full pistol grip, lU or 13 gauge, .?0 or ;«
fnch barrel. 7,'v to 1 1 poimds All new and in
good condition. Address, ELIAS BEE, Sterl-
ing. Kans. D3t

M XYMARD'S Eggs of North American Birds,
with the beautifully colored plates, in A No. 1
condition and a tir.st cla.ss skin of each of the
following A. O. U. No's: ,5,Sld, <ct6 and 4'U to
exchange for mounted birds with dita. Wes-
tern species preferred. STEPHEN P, HAR-
WOOD, 1.-.33 Park Avenue, Baltimore, Md.

"WANT FD.— Clarke's Chemistry, and Rem-
ingtrm's Pharmacy, second-hand. Can offer
Parrishes Pharmacy and many other articles.
J. R. CUAIGUE, Minnewaukau, N. Dak.

I HAVE some choice, strictly' Hrst-class sets
and singles with full data of rare Texan S. W.
and oth<*r .species, for sale at very reasonable
rates. I would be pleised to correspond with
anyone de.siring to purchase eggs. H.SAYLES.
JR., Abilene, Texas,

FOR SALE.— I will sell for casfi the follow-
ing sets: Laughing Gull, 30-3 Qi, 8c per egg;
Black Skimmer, 20-1 (Si 6c per egg; Little Blue
Heron, 'M-i @ 6c per egg. All firsf.-class with
full data. J. A, DICKINSON, Gresham, York
Co., Nebraska.

"WANTED.— To exchange western eggs for
stamps, old United States and British Colony
stamps especially desired, .-^end on stamps and
recieve full list of sets A. M. SHIELDS, 314
Stimson Block, Los Angeles, Cal.

"WE CAN do your do your printing a little
better or a little cheaper "than you can get it
elsewhere. Big stock of Natural History cuts
to select from. We make a specialty of this
work. Send us a postal for samples. A. M.
EDDY, Albion. N. Y.

OOLOGISTS "WANTED.-I want, at once,
copies or the Oologist as follows: July-Aug-
ust, 1886; January-February. 1887 or Dec, 1886,
with the former attached; June, 1888, I also
desii-e copies of my old 1885 "Oologist's Hand-
book." For each and every Copy of the above
publications mailed nie not'later than January
1.5, 1895, I will give 15c. worth of anything I ad-
vertise or otter for sale, or will "send credit
check good for the amount. I will also allow
10c each for the followlag numbers, viz:—
June-Sept, 1S87; April, 18S9. All must be com-
plete, clean, and in go^d condition. Address at
once, FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, N, Y.

TO CLOSE OUT.— I offer the following rare
assortment of medals, coins, etc., by express, for
One Dollar: .S Campaign medals of Lincoln,
Blaine and McClellan; 1 Gartleld badge: 1 Han-
conk badge; 1 "Scjuirrel nunters"'medal :l brass
Osage Traders' check (good for one dollar) ; 1
"Ships. Colonies and Commerce" token; 100
mixed foreign soamos; 10 Chinese coins 1 Jap-
anese tempo, large oval bronze coin; 4 "Wild
Cat" bank notes in sheet, uncut; 35 brass and
other trade cards and checks, some over thirty
years old ; 1 rare medal, my own selection from
an assorted lot. Every article in new and
proof condition except "Orientals and stamps.
C. H. KASSABAUM. Atchison. Kas, P. S. -
With first 35 orders I will give extra a brass
188;^ "Ea.st River Bridge" memento.

346

IHE OOLOGIST.

TO EXCHANGE.— Relics. Curios. Old U. P.
and Foreign Stamps for Columbian and goo<l
Foreign. Send on your approval sheets and
receive mine by return ma'l. C. H. SPRING-
ER, -123 Superior St.. Cleveland. O.

WANTED.— Second-hand rifles, '^i caliber.
Condition of inside of barrel not considered, as
thev are to be rebored. Make offers, D. B.
BARTLETT, Durham. N. H.

NOTICE.— Wa;ited: Rare Birds eggs, in sets,
with complete data. with nests. if possible. Also
fine skins. Offer perfect butterflies from India.
0. & S. America, Europe, etc. LEVI W. MEN-
GEL. Reading:. Pa.

NOTICE.— F'ine Taxidermist work, Taumug
and Glove makins:. for one-half cash and one-
half exchange. ClimbC'S to exchange. Write
for particulars. R. C. ALEXANDER, Ply-
mouth. Mich.

WANTED.— One $1.00 ooncelled Columbian
stamp of the United States, latest issue. If
you have one. writf' me its condition and lowest
price. BENJAMIN CHILD, 87 Mountain Ave.,
Montclair. N. J.

ENCYCLOPEDIAS: American Encyclope"
dia. 16 vols., cost $96; one Johnson's, 8 v^ls.,
cost$f>6; and one Chamber's. 8 vols., cost, Si 6 .^0;
to exchange. Prefer a 5x7 camera and outflt.
Send full description of what you have, All
answered. J. H. BROWN, 113 Prentiss St,
Iowa City, Iowa.

NOTICE.— As the Are which destroyed mv
business also destroyed all my records, I
would like all persons who owe me eggs or
other specimens as well as those whom 1 owe
to send me their addresses and state what is
due them or me. VV. A. OLDFIELD, Port
Sanilac, Mich.

WANTED AT ONCE.— One fine set of each
the following speeies. Will pay cssh or give
good exchange must be nice and reasonable—
'94 take preferred. Feruginous Rough- leg;
Desert Sparrow Hawk ; Florida Grakle:Floriaa
and Northwest Crows; Plumed. Scaled and
Gambel's Partridges: Gray Ruffed and Prairie
Sharp-tailed Grotise; Sharp-shinned and Flor-
ida Red-shouldered Hawks. Write at once
what you can furnish, and what vou want for
same. FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, N. Y.

FOR SALE:— First-class skins of California
Partridge only .50 cents each. Lewis's Wood-
pecker .% cts. Mountain Blue Bira. '2iicts. 400
other skins at a low rate if taken is a whole.
Also first-class birds eggs. sUiglv and in sets.
Send stamp for list. L. ZELLNER, 1825 Oak
Street. Los Angeles. Calif.

MOONSTONES! Any person sending me a
\bc used Columbian stamp. I will give I'J moon-
stones in their natural state. For a 30c ttsed
Columbian 1 will give 21 moonstones. For a
50c used Columbian I will give 36 moonstone-s.
For a $1 used Columbian I will give 500 moon-
stones. All stones are sent prepaid by me.
Address. C. M. HATFIELD, South Pasadena.
Californla-

COMMON Sea shells, curios, bird eggs, etc,
of thi« locality in exchahee for same from other
localities. Send your lint and receive mine.
Look I Send me lOO Columbia'! stamps and re-
ceive a Chinese newspaper. Send 100 above 2c
and rec. a Chinese newspaper, Chinese coin.
Castor bean in pod and a Jew fish scale. Or
send 200 common U. S. stamps and rec. a Chin-
ese newspaper. W. H. HILLER, 147 W. 23d
St.. Los AngeleS, Cal.

"BRITISH COMMON BIRDS." "Audubon.'^
Wood's "Botany," Cocoabola Fife, Violin (5^151.
Perfect bird skeletons. Indian relics, minerals
wanted. L, E. SEABER, 531 N. 7th St , Phila.

FOR SALE.— Volume 5. 6, 7, 8 and 9 complete
and several extra numbers of the Oolooist.
All in fine condition. Vol 1 and No. 1 and 2 of
Vol. 2 of Young OOT>of;iST boimd in cloth. New
except a small hole through .")0 pages. and 6 No's
Vol. 1. the Bay State Oologist. For the best
cash offer In next .30 davs. R. H. MOUT-TON,
42 West 76th St., New York City.

TO EXCHANGE.— A. O. U. No's 273}.<.674 1-5,
26II3, 4661-3, 191,1^. 362'.;, 207 1-.5. 4.30n%. Full da-
ta. A No. 1. Right ones answered. W. H.
HENDERSON, Chanute. Kans.

FOR ONLY .50 cents. I.5C0 Confederate Mon-
ey (assorted), f lOO Confederate Bond and 6 rare
Arrow Points. Catalogue 3 cents. J. F. BOW-
EN, luka Miss.

A lO-inch Alligator finely mounted, sent pre-
paid to any address for ""1 cents. K. B. MATH-

ES. St. Augustine. Florida.

FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.— Large self-
inking Job Printing Press, with complete out
fit. including type, paper-cutter, etc. 'All
nearly newi; a new set of genuine electrical
Telephones :a nearly new Fischer, B flat Cornet,
complete w'th case; a good violin and bow; a
Texas Saddle and Riding Bridle; a number of
electric motors, batteries and other electrical
appliances, books on Experimental Electricity,
Chemistry, etc. Will sell any or all the above
cheap for cash, or will give good exchange for
flre-proof safe. Write for particulars. SEC-
RETARY SOUTHWESTERN PHARMACAL
CO., Cor. South and Charles Sts., Holyoke,
Mass.

war: STAMP.S : war: Fine sets of 6 var-
ieties of unused Veuezeula stamps only IScts;
3 sets. 25cts. 10 mixed ttsed foreign stamps,
lOcts; 100 varieties of stamp;-, catalogue value
over $3. only $1. 2 var Confederate bills. lOcts;
entire oC war envelopes on bine used. 8cts each;
entire sheet of V2 M, unused Port Rico f-tamps,
2.5cts. Try me once, address. .1. E. HAND-
SHAW, Smithtown Branch, N. Y. N4t

ANNOUNCMENT Extraordinary I Readers
of the Oologist will be pleased to see for the
first time a good half-tone portrait of Editor
Frank H. Lattni. which appears, together with
a reminiscent biographical sketch by H. R.
Taylor in the Septetnber ntimber of the Nidiol-
oeist. The price for a "sample copy" has been
invariably 10c, but out of compliment to the
readers of the Oologist, who all want "Lat-
tiu's" picture we will send a copy of this num-
ber for .5 cents, rash or stamps. Other features
ani illustrations • above pir." Write at once.
THE NID'Or^OGIST. Alameda. California.

COLOR bJD PLAT KS.— These are the latest
things of beauty in The Nidiol»gist. which is
undoubtedly a better illustrated monthly mag-
azine of Ornithology and Oology for one dol-
lar per year than the Scientific World ever saw..
The exqui.site photograph in colors of an unus-
ually handsome set of eggs of the White-tailed.
Kite, in the November number, will delight all
oologists. It is printed on heavy enameled pa-
per and can be framed if desired, the magazine
being mailed flat in an envelope. A fine half
tone of a White-tailed Kite, and other striking
illustrations, in same ntmiber. Sample of this
number at usual price. Ulc. Subscription, with
exchange notice, one dollar. H. R. TAYLOR.
Publisher Nidiologlst. Alameda, C U. ;New York
olfice, Ross Taylor, 1.50 Fifth Avenu e.

THE OOLOGIST

34r

FOR SALE.— N^st of Trap-door Spider only
20c eacn. Special rates to parties wanting
large quantities. O. \V. HOWARD. Los An-
geles. Cal.

EXCHANGE NOTICE.— I will exchange my
entire collection of sets, singles and duplicates.
140 to 1.^0 varieties, worth S-iO. mostly numbered
some datas. for a kodak. No. 3, or sell for cash.
C. E PLEAS, Clinton. Ark.

STAMP Collection. T3.5 varieties, catalogne
value $54. Will exchange for $35 worth of
books or anv specimens except eggs. E. H.
RAYMOND. JR.. Summit, N. J.

lOOO varieties U. S. and foreign postage
stamps (no revenues or torn stamps) for only
$fi.25 cash or $10 worth of first-class sets not in
my collection or good books on Ornithology.
G. D. FRENCH. Ivoryton. Ct.

FOR SALE.— First-class sets American Bit-
tern. 30c per egg: Vii-ginia Rails. 8c per egg.
Others in proportion. Also singles. No stamps
taken. Will exchange for good violin. DANA
C. GILLETT. Barre Center. Orleans Co.. N. Y.

EXCHANGE.— Two stone axes, good con-
dition, for U. S. and Confederate Stamps. Cash
or Taxidermist Instruments. Give part cash
for tools in good condition. LEAKK THOMP-
SON. Paducah, Ky.

WANTED. — A collecting gun. Give good ex-
change in sets: sets and part cash: or cish if
price is not too high State what is wanted for
it. T. B. HUDGIN, 1320 Spring-Dale St.,
Athens. Ga.

Y'OUR Orders please, for .t varieties of violets
and 3 varietier Lady's Slipper,^ of this localitj'.
all nicely mounted and named at 12c a sheet
prepaid. GEO. W. VOSBURG, Naturalist,Col-
umbus. Wis.

TO EXCHANGE.— Birds eggs in full sets,
with full and complete data. Many with nests.
Water Birds eggs desired, reliable collectors
send list and receive mine. ERNEST MAR-
CEAN, i;i66 White St., Dubuque, Iowa.

M ANTED.— A few. live birds and animals .
specially small Owls. Vicinity offers only.
Correspondence solicited on Owls and Squir-
rels. HAROLD CiAPIN, Box 27. St. Johns,
Mich.

FOR SALK.-Thi'ee good collections. One
of Minerals, catalogue value $\2. One of Mar-
ine Shells, listed at *13. One of Fossils, listed
at $■(. Will sell either or all at.iust>v? price. Send
stamp for which e\-er list you want. GEO. W.
DIXON. L. Box 3»\, Watertown, S. D.

WANTED.— Coues' Key, can offer in ex-
change many fine sets, list price $i.5, also Dav-
ie's Ne.-^ta and Eggs. Paper edition and Vols.
IX and X Oor.oGisT. Write for list and state
condition of hook, FRANK B. JEWETT,
Lamanda. Calif.

FOK EXCHANGE. -Sets of 4'29 n-2. 430 n-2
and 431 ni for Columbian stamps. Will allow
face value for used specimens of 3. 6, x, \r,. 30
and 50 cent. O. W. HOWARD, Los Angeles,
Cal.

BARGAIN.— For. ^5c cash or any 1st diss bird
skins not listed below .tOc. I will send prepaid
apparatus enough to clean 200 eggs, will re-
move ink stains, etc. with great result without
changing color of eggs. Full directions with
ea-^h bottle Address. PAUL P. McGINTY,
120 Lumpkin St., Athens, Ga.

CHOICE minerals, specimens and odd num
bers of magazines, tor books, old or new, En
glish or foreign, send your lists. W. H. Mc-
NAIRN. 4 Harvard, Ave.. Toronto, Canada.

EGGS in sets, skins, insects, shulle, minerals,
stamps and curiosities of all kinds to exchange
for arst class bird skins. C. WILL BEEBE,
73 Ashland Ave., East Orange, N. J,

THE OOLOGIST complete from June. IcSOO to
Dec, 1S94 for a fl or $2 Columbian stamp. A
Bargain. WM. W. CROOM, Washington
Square, Mobile, Ala.

RELIC cuts, press, type, fossils, minerals,
drawing camera, relxs, curios, etc. for best off-
er of photo supplies, cash, etc. R. M. DAL-
RY'MPLE, Baker Ohio.

EXCHANGE.— Bird's eggs, cigarette pic-
tures, tobaci^o tags, Columbian stainps. Colum-
bian half dollars of lMt2 tor eggs sets or singles.
W. B. McHENRY^ Rochelle, 111.

RUDY-'S PILE SUPPOSITORY is guaran-
teed to cure Piles and Constipation, or money
refimdeii. .50 cents per box. Send two stamps
for ciicular and Free Sami le to MARTIN RU-
DY'. Registered Pharmacist. Lancaster, Pa.
No Postals ANSWERED For sale by all first-
class druggists everywhere, and in Albion, N.
Y. by Geo. W. Barren.

A VARIETY' Of first-class Massachusetts
bird skins to exchange for skins from other
localities, send lists to E H. RICHARDS, Box
414 Woburn, Mass.

FOR SALE:— One B. W. &. F. Dewellan
>)itch 8 years old. thoroughally first-class every
way. registered No 10,2s.s. Alsuone extra-tine
bitch pup. 4 months old, eligible to register.
All letters answered. N. F. WRIGHT, Car-
thage, Mo.

STAMP COLLECTORS:— Try our new pack-
ets, 20 varieties unused stamps, including Mon-
aco, etc., 25c or 100 assorted North and So-
American. 25c, MEEKEH-TOWE STAMP CO.,
Box 29t5, Bridgeport. Conn.

I AM building up a general .-^cientitic collec-
tion, embracing all departments of the Natural
Sciences and it you have anything truly desir-
able to offer in exchange lor anj thing I may
have in stock or if you have any standard
books or publications that you wish to (lisi)ose
of I shall be pleased to correspond with you.
When writing give lull descriptions stating
your lowest exchange price and give me an
idea of about what vou would like in return.
FRANK H. LATTIN. Albion, N. Y.

I HAVE for exchange the following sets with
complete data, lor sets not in my collection, A.
O. U. No's ms l-;>. 221 6-4.H22b 1-4, 32 I-l. ^93c 1-4,
4.56 1-5. 713 1-.'). .50S 1-5. (527 1-3. :i'~'Oa 1-2, 725 1-2, 423
1-.5, 622a 1-.5, .500 1-4, 462 1-2, »i.52 1-4. .5Mc 1-3, 30 1-1,
511 1-4, 120c 1-1, 264 1-3, 429 l-2n. 430 l-2n, t;02 1-3.
510 1-4. :333 1-3. 410 1-4. 758 1-4, 5iyb 1-3, 706 1-4.
73-< 1-3. Sing. 74. 71, 201, 492. e66. (761. 207, 214,
133, 300. 316. ;ir:^. :-i7S. 412, 481, 501, 420, 004, 70. 465,
7vil, 75!la, 423. 444. 443, 477. -iOl, 766. 4!-8. 507. 498, 13,
2,37, 608, also lot of foreign eggs in sets with
data. C. ALLEN ELY', Perrineville. N. J.

TO EXCHANGE— A lew sets of common
eggs for sets of other localities please send for-
list. R C. CASE. Avon. Conn.

HAVE a few Hrst class skins of Engli.sh Phea-
sant which I will exchange for $6.0u worth of
eggs in full .sets with data. CHAS. K. REED,.
No. •i!62 Main .Street, WorcesU-r, Mass.

S48

THE OOLOGIST.

FOR EXCHAGE : -Several hundred nicelj'
mounted birds for anything in line of Skins
and Eggs. Also, a few rare and desirable eggs
and skins from Arizona and Lower California.
Send lists. JAMES P. BABBITT, Taunton,
Mass. n

I HAVE one of Lattin's 4 in. Sliding Beam
Calipers.with vernier (cost 3.75). to exchange or
sell. Good as new. Make ofiers. ALBERT
H. WALLACE, 235 Claremont Ave.,MontiClair,
N.J.

WA N TE D for cash or exchange sets of Hawks
any species, also U.S. and Canadian stamps in
large or small quantities. Collections bought
for cash. JESSE C. A. MEEKER, Box 290,
Bridgeport, Conn.

BARGAINS in rare second class eggs. Mar-
bled Godwit 15c. Palmar 15, Avocet 10, Missis-
sippi Kite 5U, Cassin's Auk 25, Booby 2>, Gannet
12, Forster's Tern 03. Iceland Gull 25, Tropic
Bird .50. Willow Ptarmigan 15. Loon 50, Pomar-
ine Jaeger .50, and others as cheap. W. KAINE,
Toronto, Canada.

TAXIDERMISTS and dissecting instru-
ments wanted. Will give oil paints and hand-
some box, practically new, also back numbers
of Art Amateur, or clarinet. W. S. JOHNSON,
Boonville, Oneida Co., N. Y.

WANTED.-Bird skins, minerals, eggs in
sets, shells and insect-;, all first-class. Will ex-
Change for same. F. W KNOLHOFF, 30 Win-
an's St., E. Orange. N. J.

WANTED D.— Books on natural hi.story, taxid-
ermists' instruments and printing press. Can
offer for same eggs, sets and singles, shells and
curios. FRED H. ANDRUS, Elkton, Oregon.

TO EXCHANGE with western and southern
'Collectors, first class skins with full data. Send
lists and receive mine. Keference. Prof. Lud-
-wigKumlien. Address, EMERSON ATKINS.
Milton, Wis.

TO EXCHANGE. 4 1-5. 7? 1- J, 79 1-1, 312 1-8.
390 1-1, 735 1-6 .'i-5, 613 1-4, 653 1-4. 498 4 1 584 1-4 for
.sets. FREDERICK HILL, Lyme, Conn.

FOR SALE.— A fine pair of 1894 California
Quail skins, perfect in every respect, sent for
$1 KIRKE B. MATHES, St. Augustine. Fla.

THE AUK.— Vol. VII to exchange for Vol. V
or VI or Vol. X or best offer. Will give part
cash and part good exchange for Coues' Key or
or Ridgeway's Manual. WILFRED H. OS-
GOOD. Willcox, Cochise Co., Arizona.

WOOD'S Illustrated Natural History, foreign
stamps, second class eggs (singles) for 1st class
eggs, books on oology, instruments, etc. GARTH
EVERSON, Lake Mills, Wis.

STAMPS 1 100 varieties postpaid for 12 cents.

Every fifth contains 135 varieties. 3.5 varieties

U. S. 10 cents. Send for fine approval sheets at

■50 per cent, discount. Address H. W. DRAKE,

Lexington, Va.

FOR EXCHANGE.— Fine Magic Lantern,
good 33 cal. pistol and pair of strappet climb-
ing irons, for good Ouackenbush or repeating
rifle. W. B. SAMPSON, 1.53 Otter St., Stock-
ton, Cal.

Will send, prepaid, a beautiful Shell Pincush-
ion tor every fl.OO worth ot eggs in sets,
with data. Just the thing for Christmas pres-
ent. CHAS. K. REED, No. 363 Main Street,
Worcester, Mass,

WILL give three varieties of Chinese Coins
and a package of reading matter for every
three Columbian stamps above the two cent.
Must be in good condition. ED. DOOLITTLE,
Painesville, Ohio.

MRS. A. S. MEARES, John's Pass, Fla. has
lovely shells for Xmas presents, and will send
6 lbs well assorted and postpaid to those send-
ing her 92 before Xmas.

TELEGRAPH instruments of the latest pat-
tern for best cash offer. ROY STEIGELMAN,
Mt. Adams, Cinti, Ohio.

EXCHANGE:— Collection of about 60 species
of birds eggs in sets, full data and trays, cata-
logue value, about $35.00, for unmounted dia-
mond, emerald or for cash. Send for list and
make an off for the whole collection. B. O.
LONGYEAR. Agricultural College, Mich.

A GOOD set of Type, suitable for hand print-
ing press, to exchange for eggs in sets. J. H.
CLARK, 238 Broadway, Paterson, N. J,

WANTED.— To buy for cash, sets of Duck
Hawk, Pigeon Hawk, Prarie and Aplomado
Falcon, Swallow and White-tail Kiles, Golden
Eagles and any Albatrosses. C. W. CRAN-
DALL, Woodside. Queens Co., New York.

FOR SALE.— Atone-half Standard Catalogue
rates. A. O. U. Nos. 61-6, I-IO, 19I14, 221 1-7, 8631.^,
I4,. 293 1-6, 1-7, 1-10, 4131^, 463I3'. 539ai3', 1-5, 556%,
1-5, .560a3^, 588bi3, 3 4, 615 3-5, 731a 1-5, 1-7, 743 1-5,
ig. 761a 3-3, 14 and singles of 392, e97a, 485, 5.56,
.567a. ,599 and 61-5. I offer one each of Helix fidelis
Grey; Helix (Jolumbiana Var. Lea., Selenites
Vancoupere/isis 'Le'A., Ooniabasis plicifera Lea.,
Acioliixs Nuftalli Hald, Paladina arbusforum
Lea. and Margaritina Palxdina arbusforum Lea
and Marijarifina margaratifera Linn., for 25
cents. Three of each, .50 cents. Seven of each,
$1.(0. Five Curios, 10 cents. FRED H. AN-
DRUS. Elkton, Oregon.

• e THE O •

FLORIDA BUDGET.

Direct from old historic St. Augustine,
prepaid for $1.75.

Mounted Alligator $1 50

Specimen Coquina 25

Skates Egg 10

10 Specimens named Shells 1 00

Fine Specimen Palmetto Cloth *5

Specimen Spanish Moss 25

Fine Branch Coral 25

Fine Pink Coral 25

Star Fish 25

Two var. Seabeans 20

$4 30
Sent prepaid for ?l 75.

K. B. Mathes, St. Augustine. Fla.

The Government

has caused notices to be posted, requesting all
persons sending letters or packages through the
mail to put their name and address thereon.

The best way to do this is to stamp it on with
one of

Ford's Rubber Stamps.

He sells them cheap. Write for prices.
Address d3t

R. W. FORD, BRISTOL, CONN.

THE OOLOGIST.

349

EGGS! EGGS!! EGGS!!!

Prices Cut in Two!

Having recently embarked In the curio business and wls'ning to obtain the address of every live col-
lector In the coiuitrj, for the next eodays i will make the following- discounts. Alle<rgsare strictly
flfst-class. In a great many instances data can be furnished with single eggs. List ot line sets sent
on application. Parties sending me cash to any amount over 75c can select eggs to twice the amount.
On an or ler of $5.(0 you can select eggs to the amount ot $10.50. On an order ot $s >ou can select
eggs to the amount of $17 or on an order of Slu.OO you can select eggs to the amount of $2S.oo

Pied-bill Greebe $ 10 Sparrow Hawk 2> Lazuli Bunting 20

Puffin - 20 Amer. Osprey 50 Sharpe's Seed-eater 1 00

Aud. Caracara 1 00 ' ' ' "

Long-ear Owl 35

Screech Owl _ 40

Tex. Screech Owl 40

Burrowing Owl 15

Murre SO

Calif. Murre 20

Kittiwake Gull 25

Amer. Herring Gull 20

Ring-bill Gull 25

Laughing Gail 20

Franklin's Gull SO

Cabot's Tem _ 40

Caspian Tern 40

Common Tern _ 08

Black Tern 10

Sooty Tern 25

Noddy Tern 50

Fulmar 50

Manx Shearwater 1 00

Leach's Petrel 20

Gannet 35

Cormorant 30

Farr alone Cormorant 40

White Pelican 35

Brown Pelican 25

Blue wing Teal 20

Barrows Goldeneye 75

Whooping Swan 1 ."iO

Amer. Flamingo 1 00

White Ibis 35

White-face Glossy Ibis 1 00

Wood Ibis 1 00

Amer. Bittern 75

Least Bittern 20

Amer. Egret 30

Snowy Heron 15

Louisiana Heron 12

Little Blue Heron 12

Green Heron 12

Bl'k. crown. N. Heron 12

King Rail 20

Sora Hail 12

Virginia Rail 12

Corn Crake 20

Florida Gallinule 10

Amer. Coot in

Enp. Snipe 25

Dunlin 35

Willet 40

Bart. Sandpiper 30

Spotted Sandpiper 15

Lapwing 15

Oystercatcher 25

Bobwhite 15

Texan Bobwhite 10

Fla. Bobwhite 10

Calif. Partridge 15

Prairie Hen 'JO

Sage Grouse 75

Chachalaca 60

Red-bill Pigeon 75

White-wing Dove 20

Mex. Ground Dove 50

Mourning Dove _ 05

Turkey Vulture 75

Black Vulture 75

Cooper's Hawk .^0

Red-tail Hawk .50

Gray Sea Eagle 2 00

Merlin _ 30

Kestrel 25

Road-runner 20

Yellow-bill Cuckoo 10

Black-bill Cuckoo 15

Baird's Woodpecker 75

Gold-fronted Woodpecker 50

Flicker 03

Nighthawk 40

Western Nigh thawk 40

Texan Nighthawk 40

Ruby-throated Hummer... 50

Nests of Httmmer, asstd... 25

Scis-tail Flycatcker 10 Prothonotary Warbler 25

Dickcissel 05

Scarlet Taoager 25

Summer Tanager 25

Purple Martin 12

Cliff Swallow 03

Barn Swallow 05

Tree Swallow 15

Bank Swallow 03

Cedar Waxwing 10

Loggerhead Shrike 08

Whiterumped Shrike 08

Red-eyed Vireo 10

Warbling Vireo 15

Yellow-throated Vireo 25

White-eyed Vireo 15

Bell's Vireo 15

Kingbird 05

Crested Flycatcher 10

Mex. crested Flycatcher... 30

Phoebe 05

Wood Pewee 05

Acadian Flycatcher...., 15

Western Flycatcher 15

Little Flycatcher 25

Trains Flycatcher 15

Least Flycatcher 10

Skj-lark : 15

Praii'ie Horned Lark 15

Amer. Magpie - 15

Blue Jay 05

Amer. Crow 06

Fish Crow 35

starling 10

Bobolink 25

Cowbird 03

Dwarf Cowbird 10

Yellow-headed Blackbird.. 03

Red-wing Blackbird 03

Bicoloi-ed Blackbird 10

Tricolored Blackbird 10

Brewer's Blackbird 10

Purple Grackle 05

Great-tail Grackle 15

Bronzed Grackle 05

House Finch 05

American Goldfinch 05

Arkansas Goldfinch 10

Ch'stn't-collaredLongspur 35

Vesper Sparrow 05

Grasshopper Sparrow 20

Lark Sparrow 05

Western Lark Sparrow 05

Chipping Sparrow 02

Field Sparrow 03

Song Sparrow 02

Mountain Song Sparrow.. 25

Heermann's SongSparrow 10

Samuel's Song Sparrow... 05

Texas Sparrow .50

Towhee 10

Spurred Towhee 20

California Towhee 10

Cardinal 05

Rose breasted Grosbeak . 10

Black-headed Grosbeak..... 15

Indigo Bunting _ 08

Golden-wirged Warbler... 75

Parula Warbler 20

Myrtle Warbler 75

Magnolia Warbler 50

B'kthroated Gr'n Warbler .50

Pine Warbler 50

Prairie Warbler 30

Oven-Mrd 20

Louisiana Water-Thrush. ,50

Maryland Yellow-throat. . 12

Yellow-breasted Chat 08

Long-tailed Chat 15

Hooded Warbler 50

American Redstart J5

White Wagtail 10

Meadow Pipit 10

Sage Thrasher 50

Mockingbird 05

Catbird oa

Brown Thrasher 03

Sennett's Thrasher . . .. 15

Curve-billed Thrasher 15

California Thrasher 20

Bendire's Thrasher
0 ctus Wren ...

Rock Wren

Carolina Wren
Lomita Wren.

75
12
50

la

75

Bewick's Wren '^b

Baird's Wren 25

House Wren , 05

Long- billed Marsh Wren.. 05

White-breasted Nuthatch 35

Brown-headed Nuthatch... 25

Tufted Titmouse .S5

Chickadee 12

Carolina Chickadee 15

Wren-Tit 50

Bush-Tit 25

Blue-grav Gnatcatcher 20

Wood" Thrush 06.

Wilson's Thrush 12

Russet-tacked Thrush 15.

Hermit Thrush 30

American Robin _ 03

Western Robin lO-

Wheatear 10«

Bluebird 08

Western Bluebird 12:

KIRKE B. MATHES, St. Augustine, Florida.

350 THE OOLOGIST.

FOR CHRISTMAS.

Any of the following would make most acceptable presents;

THE OOLOGIST for '95 $ . 50

" '92. '93 or '94 at 75c per vol. or the 3 vols. 2.00
"Methods in the Art of Taxidermy", Davie 10.00

[To all purchasers of Davie's work before January 1. I will make an Xmas present of
JS.tKi worth of specimens or supplies — purchaser's selection — or I will send a credit card
good for that amount.— L^ttix.]

"Taxidermy and Zoological "Collecting". Hornaday 2. 50

"Key to North American Birds", Coues , 7- 50

"Manual of North American Birds". Ridgway 7- 50

"History of the Birds of Kansas", Goss 6.00

"Birds of Michigan", Cook 75

"Birds of Labrador", Stearns i.oo

"Nests and Eggs of North American Birds", Davie, paper 1.25

" cloth 1.75

"Standard Catalogue of North American Birds", Lattin 35

"Our Birds in Their Haunts", Langille 2.25

"Bird Preserving and Bird Mounting", Avis 25

"Pocket Key to the Birds of the Northern United States East

of the Rocky Mountains", Apgar 50

"Three Kingdoms" (Hand-book of the Agassiz Assoc'n) Ballard .75

"Taxidermy Without a Teacher". Manton 50

"Manual of the Vertebatesof the Northern United States", Jordan 2. 50
^ 'Check List of North American Birds", A.O.U 50

* 'Birds of Ontario", Mcllwraith 2.50

Any of the above books will be sent prepaid upon receipt of price. Address

FRANK n. LATTSN, Publisher of The Oologist,
ALBION, N. Y.

NIAQARA FALLS.

• Hundreds of the Eeaders of the Oologist visit Niagara annually
and they always make it a point to ^isit

TUGBY'S NEW MUSEUM.

This new museum is located on Falls street, only a fe v steps from R.
H. DejDots — Electrio car line passes its entrance — and 'c^upies a new
three story building, which cost thousands of dollars to build and fill —
Among the hundreds of attractions within will be found a large and
magnificent collection of Birds and the largest collection of birds
EGGS in a Pubhc Museum in the State. It is a well known fact the
World over that TUGBY of Niagara Falls, N. 1. is Headquaetees for
EVEEYTHtsG in the Cdeio, Specimen, Novelty or Souvenie line pertain-
ing to Niagara.

THE OOLOGIST. 351

Collection of Birds Eggs for Sale!

I have recently purchased Mr. Rippens fine collection of Bird Eggs;
this is the second largest collection in Canada, and was awarded a
silver medal at the Toronto Exposition of 1892.

At standard rates this collection amounts to over $1,500, but I am
going to offer it at one-third standard prices, or $500 cash will secure
one the finest collections in the continent.

Do you realize what one-third standard prices mean.' It means
that by purchasing this collection, you can obtain such eggs as Golden
Eagle at $2 per egg: Sea Eagles, 65c; Flamingo, 35c; Loon, 50c;
Snowy Owl, 65c; Snowflake. 17c; RufT, 7c; White Ibis, 12c; and
other rare eggs at one-third their value.

Here is a chance for some wealthy Naturalist to obtain a fine collec-
tion cheap, or any dealer of enterprise might easily double his invest-
ment, by breaking up this collection and selling it piece-meal.

Bargains for Young Oologists.

The above collection contains several rare singles and second-class
eggs. These I shall weed out and offer at following rates:

First-class singles. Second-class Esis

t,!^^. ocv.(jiiu-(^ia=s -L-tog:

Western Grebe $

15

Loon

$ 50

Kittiwake

IS

Kittiwake

08

Mew Gull

10

Iceland Gull

25

Fulmar

18

King Duck

25

Gannet

1=5

Ruff

06

Sandhill Crane i

00

Cassin s Auk

Sea Eagle i

00

Tropic Bird

^3

50

And many others as cheap.

Ptarmigan

I r

'3

Send for full list.

W. KAINE. TOEONTO. CAXAD.\.

352

THE OOLOGIST.

"Davis' Standard Collectors' Directory of ISortli America,"

Will appear soon, and will contain the names of over 10.000 reliable Collectors in Oology,';Philate-
ly. Ornithology, Conchology, Mineralogy, and Mammalogy. Each name will be placed under one
of the above sjjecial branches. The- e will be no char^ce for inserting your name, so please write
your name plainly (and as many others as you know to be reliable, in your neighborhood) on a
postal card) stating under which bran(;h to place your name, and send at once to me. This will be
an excellent opportunity to get your name in the best medium of exchange that has been, or will
appear for years to come.

ADDRESS, EDWIN C. DAVIS. GAINESVSLLE, TEXAS.

"I Want An Ew Collection!"

And with the assi=itance of my Oological friends 1 have most sanguine anticipations that with patience,
forbearance and perseverance my almost Insatiable thirst in this direction will uliimately.to a certiln
extent, become alleviated.

During the first thirty days of my collections career a nice little nucleus of about $40o.oo worth of
sets has been lormed.

Daring the second thirty days I shall be exceedingly liberal and broad in my offers and will accept
strictly A No. 1 full and complete sets of any species recognized as i:eionglng to tbe North American
Fauna, except A, O. U. No's 444 to 7H6, Inclusive, that have a greater value than 'luc per egg or a less one
than inc. Many of these "excepted" species will however be accepted, but must be a matter of special
correspondence.

The authenticity of these sets must bs unquestionable and the data accompanying the same
must be very complete.

I prefer ( am not positive on these points however) to receive sets of '94 collecting and direct
from the original collector.

Now if you have one or more sets which you think would please me and which you will ex-
change at full Standard Catalogue rates for anything I offer below or in November Oologist at
prices quoted I want them and wish that you would send on at once prepaid.

Remember I will only accept such sets as I have designated and on conditions named and al-
though I will accept any number of sets from a single collector— J will not accept more than two
sets of a species from the same party— I also reserve the privilege to return any set or sets not up to
my standard and also the duplicate sets of many species which I shall undoubtedly receive, should
I so desire. Your specimens are to be sent at your risk and ;9rf2>a((i. I will send all return pack-
ages prepaid and at my risk.

This offer is a very broad one and will never be repeated— it will hold in force until Jan. 15th
1895. not a single day'later.

I have no time to coj-respond over this matter, hence do not write rae in relation to the same
unless it is absolutely necessary or your letter is accompanied with specimens. Faithfully,

FRANK H. LATTIN.

Tlie following are the articles and the prices at which I of-
fer them in exchange for the above in addition to the ones
offered in November Oologist:

Astropecteii bizpinosus A peculiar Star flsh
from China $ 50

Asierias ochracea, That large yellowish Califor-
nia Star fish, covered with those peculiar
knobby spines 7.5

1000 back numbers of the Youth's Companion
and Golden Days in lots of 50 ^or over, at 3c
per copy.

Genuine Sioux War Clubs, stone heads,
rawhide covered handles, selected specimens,
(must go by express at exchangers ex-
pense) 5 00

■•Standard Catalogue of N. A. Birds Eggs."
Lattin .• 35

"Notes on the Nattiral History of Labrador.''
Stearns 1 00

A specimen of that large magnificent and rare
Echinid. Mtfalia speciosa 3 00

Egg of Gray-tailed Cardinal 50

JSidorella armata, a peculiar Star fish from
Panama, somewhat suggestive of a minature

African shield 75

Ileliasfer Kubi?igii. This is a peculiar many
armed Star fish from Chili known as "Sun

Flower" StarQsh, "Sun-dial" Starfish 1 00

Porcupine Fish, from the Pacific 1 00

Polished Buffalo Hoof Cushion 1 .50

Card Case large size with polished Agate

sides 8 00

Stamp Box, Agate 1 50

Book Mark, Agate handle with "World's Fair"

engraved on a sickle shaped blade 1 50

Cigar Cutter Charm, Agate 1 S5

Ladles Double Pins, best rolled plate posts and
chain with assorted topaz and amethyst ban-
gles ; S 50

Address all letters and packages that have connection -with
anything mentioned on this page, plainly and in full to

FRANK H. LATTIN,
ORLEANS CO., ALBION, N. Y.

The Oologist.

VOL. XI. XO. 12.

ALBION, N. Y., DEC, 1894.

Whole No. 110

A Few Notes on the Tufted Puffia.

The Tufted Puffia [Lunda cirrhaln)
belongs to a curious snb-family of birds,
its grotesque beak alone making it au
object of curiosity.

It is known as tiie "Sea Parrot" from
its general resemblance to a parrot, but
more particularly because of its beak.
The structure of the Puffin is compact
and it is one of the most powerful sea
birds found on the Faralloue Island . It
has great wing power, as have all the
sea birds for in the migratory season
they cover immense distances.

numbers, usually on the rocks near the
summits of the higher cliffs. They will
often sit perched on a rock near the
entrance to their burrows for a consid-
erable time, making not a sound and
suggesting to one a sentinel in the per-
formance of ■ a solemn and important
duty. They are the most striking birds
that inhabit the cliffs. The body is
almost a uniform black terminating
abruptly at the neck, the head being
white. Two straw-yellow plumes, one
on either side of the head, curve back
and downwards, are of almost a silken
fineness. The immense beak consists of

From Photo by Barlow.

Egg. Nest and Nesting Site of Tufted Puffin.

The Tufted Puffin is seldom found
•along the Coast, but Mr. L. M. Loom is
of the Cal. Academy of Sciences has
recently proven by personal observa-
tions that many of the sea birds (among
them the Puffin) keep well out at
sea in their migrations, with the coast
line barely in view as a guide.

On the P'arallone Island the Tufted
Puffin is to be found in consideraljle

several transvei'se sections, colored,
with varying shades of red, green and
Vermillion.

The Puffins are exceedingly wary
when on duty near their burrows and
keep a lookout on all sides, and if
one approaches them and makes a
threatening movement — they immediat-
ely plunge from their perch and swift-
i^' sail out over the ocean. They are

354

fHE OOLOGIST.

also very -tenacious of life, and unless
one is armed with a gun, to capture and
kill a Puffin is no easy matter. I once
saw a Greek egg-picker catch a bird in
its burrow and attempt to kill it. He
wrung its neck and struck its head a-
gainst a rock very forcibly but to no a-
vail, until a knife was used to sever an
artery. I shot several of these birds for
skinning purposes and found it required
hard hitting to kill them outright.

The nesting habits of this species are
most interesting. They nest usually at
the end of natural burrows in the gran-
ite cliffs, varying in length from two to
live feet, They also are found at one
place on the Island where there are
numerous large bowlders gathered on
a hillside. Here the eggs are laid in lit-
tle depressions behind the rocks, gener-
ally outof sight of a passer-by. The Puf-
fins raise at least two and possibly more
young in a season, and the date of nest-
ing varies with the seasons.

One egg is laid at the end of the bur-
row, a few pieces of coarse, dry weed
generally being used as a nest. The
female Putiius sit very close, especially
as the egg advances in iacubation.
While approaching barrows kuovvn to
be inhabited, and making considerable
noise by reason of scrambling about
among the I'ocks, I have seen the birds
come to the mouth of their tunnels and
and upon seeing me, take wing, In
these cases usually I secured fresh eggs.
Again I have peered into a long, dark
burrow to see the conspicuous white
face of the Puffin pointing toward me.
A writer has suggested this is a signal
of danger (to the collector). Generally
the birds would prove to be covering an
incubated egg or a young bird.

A scoop is used to good advantage in
gathering the eggs fi'om deep burrows
and is a much more comfortable means
of gathering the treasures than by
reaching in when Mrs. Paffia is athome.
The Puffins have a reuutation'of being
"stayers" if once they get the lingers of

an enemy in their powerful beaks.
This reminds me of one of the egg-pick-
ers who had a friend in San Francisco,
wlio possessed a lonely parrot. Having
heard of the "sea parrot" he suggested
that the egger bring him one as a mate
for his "Polly." This occurred to the-
egg-picker as a capital joke, and he
immediately secured one and it came in
on the boat that we returned on from
the Island. It is safe to say that if the
recipient placed the "parrot" with his
domestic Polly, the latter did not sur-
vive long enough to secure an introduc-
tion to its cousin from the sea.

The young of the Tufted Puffin are
an entire black in color, The Puffins
subsist, I believe, entireTy upon tish
which they catch and do not eat eggs.

The eggs of this species are somewhat
large for the size of the bird. They
show much variation as to size and
markings and arc pointed. Few eggs
are found which can be called pure
white as most of' them have deep shell
markiogs of a light lilac shade. I have
one egg which is spotted over the entire
surface. Another has a heavy wreath
about the large end, composed of wavy
blotches of light brown and lilac. In a
large series great variation is obtainable.
I should judge that the first part of
June is most favorable for fresh eggs,
as on the 20th almost all were badly in-
cubated and a number of young were
found.

Ou one cliff I came across the evid-
ence of a probably tierce battle. In a
lairrow .^ome fom* feet in length was a
Puffin sitting sedately upon its fresh
egg. About one-half the way in was a
dead Cassin's Auklet, evidently having
been dead a day two and near by was
its single white egg. I inferred that
the Anklet had selected the burrow as
its home and was incubating its egg
when a ferocious Puffin came along,
'jumped the claim," murdered its al-
most helpless owner and took possess-
ion. I took the Puffin's egg and left
the scene of the fray.

THE OOLOCnST

355-

Owing to its peculiar structure and
beak the Tufted. Puffin is one of the
most interesting specimens an osteolo-
gist could well secui'e, though the strik-
ing coloration of the beak rapidl}^ fades
after death.

Many of the eggs of the Puffin become
nest cracked by being rolled against the
sharp edges of rock by the parent bird
in leaving and entering the buiTow.
These birds nest in colonies on some
parts of the Island and seem to dwell
together harmoniously.

As night silently stttles over the Is-
land, after a glorious sunset, the Puffins
come forth from their burrows and cau
be seen at twilight perched stolidly on
the cliffs — a gvard as it were — over the
Island until the tlrsi^ gray dawn in the
East shall announce another day and
the harsh glamouring of the sea birds
lend life to the scene once more.
C. Barlow,

Santa Clara. California.

The Scarlet Tanager-

Did you ever see a eirl dressed in a
bright scarlet gown Avith black velvet
sleeves? Of course you have; and if
j'ou are anything like me, you are not
an admirer of this kind of dress. It is
too flash}' and brilliant for a street cos-
tume, and rather savors of show, and a
tendency to be conspicuous, and seen
of men.

However, we can foi'give the gaudily
dressed person, if there are redeeming
trails of character, and particularly are
we liable to overlook the foibles of
fashion, if the individual possesses a
pleasing voice and graceful manners.
This comparison of the Scarlet Tanager
with the flashily-dressed girl, could be
carried still farther, but I hear some
girl student of bird-life, remark, that I
am a little crooked in my reasoning;
for it is Mr. S. Tanager who shines
forth in scarlet and velvet, while the
lady in the case, is known as a retiring
and plainly dressed home-body.

The red-bird or flre-bird arrives, on
an east and west line, on a parallel
with New York city, about April the
twentieth, or a little later as a rule,
and sometimes not till the very last
part of the month. Soon after the ap-
pearance of the brilliant males, the re-
tiring, greenish-coated mates lend their
presence. Many birds pass to the
North, and during migration the Tana-
ger is silent, but as soon as the neigh-
borhood is selected for a summer home,
these brilliant plumaged birds of thrill-
ing, soulful melody, tune their silvery
throats in the shade of the groves.

When a child I was told that this
brilliantlj'-colored bird never sang, and
I used to view it as a representative of
fashion alone, in bird dom, and did not
rank it among my favorites. Later,
when I had become familiar with its
beautiful song, and had listened to its
soulful notes in the forest, my admira-
tion increased.

There are few species of our song-
sters which surpass this retii'ing wood-
land bird, and it is to be doubted if
there are any singers of the deep woods
who equal him. Although comparison
fails to do justice to this songster, it
may be said that the Tanager's refrain
is something like the song of the Rose-
breasted Grosbeak. It is not nearly so
loud nor quite as variable Imt there is
a similarity to an extent. To copy the
song by a series of syllables on paper is
seldom satisfactory. In fact, this is
hardly ever a success with bird songs,
for the songs, though familiar, do not
always sound 'he same to our ears at
difterent tiiros. From this reason, a
very thorough study of the notes must
be made liefore it is best to offer our
notes on bird songs to the public. I
have repeatedly taken notes on this
bird's song, but have not j'et resolved
them into notes which I would want to
to publish. While speaking of bird
songs and their description, a few
words to observers may cot be out of
place.

'S5Q

THE OOLOGIST.

If oue records with pea and ink, the
:song of a bird, that is, translates it in-
to sounds which can be placed on pa-
per, and then la3'S the description
away, it will usually be found that the
next description of the same song will
not correspond with the first record.
In this manner five or six, or more dif-
ferent songs may be credited to a spec-
ies whereas it has buc one or at the
most no moi'e than two or three. If we
go into the woods and fields with our
minds made up about a birds song, we
will hear that song just as we have it in
our mind. For instance, one bird says,
'bob-whife,' another 'whip-poor-will,^ a,n6.
still anothei" 'kill-deer,' and it is diffi-
cult to fit other suitable woras to the
song-notes, because we have known
them so long. However, we well know
that American strangers to the notes
might adjust the songs to decidedly dif-
ferent syllables, and it is utterly be-
yond our ability to say how a French-
man or German might define the song.

The fire-bird sometimes sings during
the hours of darkness, and it is one of
the seven or eight species who are mu-
sical at night in my locality. It is only
during May and June that it favors us
with its notes at ni2;ht, and then only
at rare intervals, and in a quarter of
a century of observations I have only
noted the song during the hours from
ten p. m. to one a. m. a few times.

Soon after arriving the bird begins
mating, although I am satisfied that
this species, like nearly all other
song-birds, is principally mated on ar-
rival. The nests are not larely begun
by the middle of May, but more often a
week or ten days later.

The nest is a very shiftlessly con-
structed affair, and is so poorly put to-
gether that the eggs can nearly always
be seen through the thin bottom, or
even sides, 'and collectors frequently
govern themselves in regard to date of
climl^ing the tree, from a daily or week-
ly inspection of the nest from the
ground.

Nests are nearly always found on
horizontal limbs, and at from three to
ten feet from the main body of the tree,
and at an elevation generally of twelve
to thirty feet above the ground. One
nest which met my notice was above
forty feet, and two were just below
that height. One nest was only eight
feet up and another barely ten feet.
The structure is often jjlaced in a hori-
zontal foi'k. but is frequently built on
top of a limb and supported at the sides
by small shoots. It may be that nests
are occasionally found in upright
crotches, but they are never taken in
these situations to my knowledge.
Neither are they iisually found close to
the trunk.

The fire-bird often selects high woods,
and more nests have come to my notice
in oak woods than any other. la these
situations it generally prefers white oak
ti'ees, Quercus alba. In lower lands,
the birds select beech and sometimes
elm. On one occasion I found a nest in
a wild crab-apple and a friend took a
set in an ironwood.

Small twigs and roots mainly form
the structure. To these, dead grass,
and strips of bark, are occasionally
added, and at times dead leaves are
found.

The earliest date at^ which I have
taken a complete set is May twenty-
third, while the best date collecting
fresh eggs from the 40th to 43d j^aral-
lels is about June tenth. It is not rare
to find fresh sets as late as July first
and I have taken eggs on the eighteen-
th of that month. It is not easy to ac-
count for these late nestings, but it is
probable that they are the result of dis-
turbances to the first attempt, for it is
generally believed that this species
rears but a single brood during the
season.

The eggs are so well known that but
slight description will be given here.
In color they are of a bluish-green, in-
clining to green and are marked and

THE OOLOGIST.

357-

tlotteil with browu, somelinies over the
entire surface, but oftener near the
larger end. Occasionally there is a
continence of blotches, which makes a
patch at the butt, and again the s])ot3
form a ring. If a comparison were
made, it might be said that the red-
bird's eggs more nearly approach those
of the Rose-breasted Grosbreak, both in
color and markings, than any other
eggs that we have in my section. They
are almost always smaller than the
Grosbeak's, yet I have seen them so
alike in size, shape and markings that
the best expert would be deceived and
not able to identify.

Davie gives three to five as the size of
a set, but I have never found a set of
five eggs, nor can I learn of that num-
ber being taken. In quite two-thirds
of the complete sets that I have found
only three eggs occupied the nest.

Although so well known, the collec-
tions of eggs throughout the country,
do not contain good series of sets of
this Tanager. I refer to local collec-
tions, and not the ones which are bought
and exchanged for all over the Union.
In fact I can say that the eggs of this
species are not easily taken.

It is not rare to find nests, but it is
not always an easy matter to get the
eggs. I recall my earlier attempts at
securing the eggs. The first nest was
all of ten feet from the trunk and
placed on a limb of a size wdiich would
not bear my weight, nor could I beud
it up to the limb above. Placing two
friends below with a blanket in their
hands, I tried the act of shaking the
eggs out. Result: Shook out O. K. but
smashed when they struck the blanket.

My next nest was well out on a limb
and cjuite thirty feet up. Reaching out
I tied a rope on limb and the other end
of the rope was made fast to limb
above. Then I whittled for a half hour.
Result: Limb rotated when rope was
pulled and eggs went to destruction.
The next two sets were just ready to

hatch and the eggs ruined in attempts-,
at blowing. In fact I had been collect- .
ing four years before a good set was
secured.

Like the efforts of most boys, my per-,
sistence was worthy of a better cause.
Now, as 1 look back, although there are.
a thousand pleasing memories in con-
nection with my trips and escapades,
it is painful to think how I erred in
judgment for the need of an advisor.

There was no Oologist in those early
days to help a fellow along.

DiDYMUS.

Water Birds of Heron Lake.

Every collector of eggs in America,
nearly, knows about Heron Lake, the
"locality indicated on the data for his
sets of Franklin's Gull being," Heron
Lake. Jackson Co., Minn. Knowing
well the famousness of this collecting
ground, and aware that this spot is the
home of that quiet but enthusiastic gar-
dener, sportsman and ornithologist, Mr.
Thomas Miller, I found an added satis-
faction, last April in the fact that my
new work had called me to a spot not
five miles from the homes of Mr. Miller
and the Franklin Gulls.

It is a really wonderful avifaimian
legion. The lake at high water has a
linear extent of fifteen miles. (In 1870,
before the day of railroads, a steamer
plied the lake, for this distance, while
Sandhill Cranes nested, plentifully, on
the prairie slopes along the we=tern
end of the lake.) Thus, evidently, is
formed a local point in the belt of mi-
gration lying immediately west of the
Mississippi river; while the sparse oc-
currence of tiny natural tree-groups
(oak, ash, box-elder, cottonwood), and
of well regulated and well grown 'tree-
claims" and "wind-breaks," provides
the linest of resting and feeding places
for the smaller land birds. (Mr. Miller
sets, behind his pipe, of a Sunday after-
noon in early May, beside liis door, be-

^58

THE OOLOGIST.

neath oue of the trees in the narrow
belt of natural growth elders at the
head of the lake, and counts more kinds
•of Warblers and suchlike in half an
hour than you big woodsy fellows of
Pennsylvania and Michigan can iden-
tify in a week!) From the high plateau
of my Wilder home, Heron Lake, in
summer, appears as a narrow belt of
silver, girding the greenery of the field
and meadow, tive miles to the south.
But, in mid March of this year, as I
came down to '^ook over the ground,"
it lay, as a sombre, gray possibility in
the vague distance, whence and whith-
er came and went great phalanxes of
Mallards, impelled by hunger; and
dazed by the mist and the sleet that
swept and drove, here, there, and
everywhere.

Oa April 3d this region gave one a
kindlier welcome. There lay the lake,
and Gulls were wheeling and whirling,
Ring-bills, maybe, for they did not come
near, nor linger long. The evening of
April 6 a flock of my favorite White-
fronted Geese sounded their haut-boy
<;all, and early next morning, on the
wings of the warm south wind, came a
wave of migration, gi eat flocks of Can-
vas-backs, in lines and V's, and cres-
K3ents, their wings silvery gleaming, and
among them all, one solitary Snow
Goose.

Next morning the clear, resonant
bassoon of the Sandhill Cranes called
the eye upward to where the stately
forms were sailing northward, "half-
mile" high, or gun-shot low, in squads
and companies of six, nine, fifteen,
forty-five: why didn't they come down
and nest, as they used to twenty-five
years ago. It was too much,— this super-
abundant sign of bird life. My car
{with horse and carriage) noi yet ar-
rived, I set out for Heron Lake on foot.
Just launching my boat, I hear again
the Sandhill's trumpet call, and, look!
seventy-five, passing, low down, across
the lake-arm, barely out of range!

I near an island. Blue-winged Teals
arise from the grass; a Gad wall drake
whistles by, unheeding boat or man, a
gaudy Shoveller winds his watchman's
rattle, across the bay;and a white cloud
of Forster's Terns came whirling and
gliding past with strident calls.

A large island tempts me ashore.
From growths of reed and grass, with
Avater hip deep, the Mallards rise, sud-
denly, and escape my gun. In a shal-
low pool are Green-wings feeding, and
here on the margins, are springing the
tender shoots of VaUis7ieria and now I
know what calls hither those rafts of
Canvas-backs that are whitening the
distant waves, rising, now and then,
for very unrest and lurking fear.

About mid-afternoon the incessant
passing of the ducks, beyond my range
became monotonous, when suddenly a
pair of Canada Geese appears, above
the near cane' brake horizon, perhaps a
half mile away. The distance was rid-
iculous, but what sportsman would not
have grasped his gun afresh, and wait-
ed a nearer approach, with beating
heart. The birds were passing slowly
over a small island clad with canebrake
of unusual luxuriance, when suddenly
four bellowing sliots rolled out in deli-
berate succession from beneath the
birds. With renewed eagerness I
watched the Geese -move onward, un-
ruffled, expecting instantly the spasm-
odic lift of wing and the wheeling fall,
for these birds fly far when hit and die
hard. Suddenly, sure enough, one
bird poises her wings and lowers her
course, slowly, steadily and drops in the
midst of a bare, fire scoi'ched shallow
on the lake margin, over a mile away.
Quickly I take oar to help the success-
ful sportsman find his bird.

As I near the island whei'e the shots
were fired I see upon I'ounding a point
a whole raft of Ducks, gracefully riding
the restless waves. Cautiously I hug
the grassy margins, and leap ashore
and steal across the island through

THE OOLOGIST.

■dense growths of grass and canebrake,
the latter, often ten feet high. But here
the musk-rats have mown their timber
for years. It lies yard measure deep
in some spots. There just beyond me
is an open space, twenty feet srfuare
maybe, and well shut in with the drift
and wrack piled deep above the very
shallow water. And near to one side,
is a mound of material, three feet
across and eight inches elevated, of
grass and reed stems and flag stems
and grey down and in its center (a hol-
low, wash-bowl size) are four great
white eggs I Whatl a nest of the Cana-
da Goose, not live miles, as the Herons
liy, from the sound of clicking type-
writers, and of the parsing of Greek
verbs, from the bustle and the routine
school life ami of "actual business?" A
nest of the Canada Goose and the moth-
er bird is dead: Thus my personally
taken set of Canada Goose eggs were
laid by perhaps the last pair of these
birds to breed at Heron Lake.

I press to the farther margin of the
island to get a shot at that flock of
Ducks. There they are, thick together,
I raise ni}' gun, suddenly a boat prow
eclipses half the flock and a disappoint-
ed city sportsman gathered in liis de-
coys. "Hello," 1 cried. "What?"
[shortly] "Your Goose fell dead over
yonder!"" "I know iti" [snappishly].
So I went on alone to And the bird, whose
mate, incessantly calling, betrayed the
place where she fell.

Ten minutes hard wading in the shal-
lows, away yonder is the bereaved gan-
der, oft" he goes, and his dead mate
briskly follows'. And so is ruined a
pathetic story. Two other nests were
later found, containing egg-i and I my-
self in June discovered, on a rat-house,
the depth of the wilderness of grass and
cane, a deserted nest, the young hatched
and gone and a single egg of Forster's
Tern reposing in a hollow in the very
middle of the nest. Later still I flushed
fourteen old Geese in one flock. Wary

birds, the wariest of the wary, may they
here long l)reed and prosperl

But now to my notes again. April
13th a pair of Loons arrived in the lit-
tle lake across the railroad track from
m,y house. Theystdd a week.

April 14th the Greater Yellow-legs be-
gan to appear in the grassy pools.
Four days later their lesser cousins be-
gan to arrive. Both kinds grew more
abundant until the middle of Maj'^ when
they practically disappeared.

Anril 18th found me at the Lake
again. A few Ked-heads; a Pintail or
two; a pair of Marbled Godwits; and
scattered "wisps" of Pectoral and Semi-
palmated Sandpiper, were among the
species newly seen.

The last of April, American Bitterns
began to be heard booming in the
marshes. Then on May 3d came the
Franklin Gulls, all at once, fifty in the
first flock L saw. What charming, soc-
ial)le, Swallow-like birds! Why have
not the men who have taken their eggs
by the hundred told us soaiewhat of
their ''life histories?"

P. B. Peabodv.

(TO BE CONTINUED.)

Some Experience with the Young of the
Ruffed Grouse and Bob White.

(PAKT I )

To those who reverence Nature and
learn to worship through her teachings,
it must always seem a lovely circum-
stance that the inherent fear, the way-
ward disposition in the wild bird and
mammal alike, yield to domestication
only through the agencies of kindness
and of patience.

To domesticate, we must first gradu-
ally gain confidence from the wild spir-
it of the individual in hand, and then,
through many succeeding generations,
b^' painstaking care, I might say by
love, must instill into the being of the
once fearful species, the trust and feel-
ing of fellowship which such environ-
ment usually inspires.

360

THE OOLOGIST.

It would seem that our Cr'^ator in-
tended all animals to administer to our
wants in just such propoi'tion as we
show ourselves deserving of tiiem, in
our attitude towards the lower animals.

For instance, a wild species, which is
found by man to be of mucli value, if
not domesticated by him, must be killed
to be utilized, and is surely doomed to
ultimate extermination, towards which
end ihe Beaver and the Passenger Pig-
eon have already so nearly come.
Again our animals, when domesticated,
are profitable Just in proportion as they
are made the more comfortable. To
get the best results from a cow, or a
sheep, or a hen, we must study the
needs and bestow the eai^e upon it, that
will supply the comfort which the ani-
mal requires; and the improvement of
breeds is accomplislied only through
the appearance and predominence of
valuable characteristics which condi-
tions more favorable than the species
had before known, had caused to de-
velop and remain. In other words,
man must domesticate through kind-
ness and care for with kindness in or-
der to derive the greatest benefits from
any native species whose habits will
admit of such a course.

It is a very interesting study to note
the dil!:erent degrees of adaptability to
domestic life, and the ease with
which some species are subdued while
others remain as yet unyielding.

All this is fine to think of and now
for variety's sake let us be honest and
admit with what piide we, who are
loyal citizens of the greatest country in
the New World (and every Ornitholo-
gist loves to eat), remember that the
magnificent turkey, symiDolical of
Christmas and Thanksgiving Da/
throughout our land, is exclusively a
North American species. And more, —
the turkey wears feathers!

I started out, however to tell you
something of my experience in dealing
with the wild natures of a brood each

of the Ruffed Grouse, Bonasa umbelluSy
and the Bob White, Colinus Virginian-
tis.

In a black ash swale a RuH'ed Grouse
was flashed from her nest in the dry
leaves, beneath the end of a fallen tree,
and a clutch of nine eggs procured for
our experiment. I secured the servi-
ces of a Black-Red Game Bantam hen,
which had already manifested a sti'oug
desire to hatch a brood, she being in
my mind the nearest approach to the
natural mother obtainable.

Then followed many anxious daj's of
watching; the eggs being partly incu-
bated I was unable to know just when
to look for the appearance of the young.
During this time all preparations for
the expected brood were completed.
A tight board, movable pen, fourteen
feet square was constructed, open at
the top, and -ant hills and other sources
of insect food located. I had been in-
formed that after the hatching the mo-
ther partridge always led her brood at
once to an ant hill, the inhabitants of
which furnished the first food of the
young birds.

At last the eventful day had come. I
entered the apartment in which the hen
was sitting, to find things in a state of
the utmost confusion. One of the eggs
had hatched, and its former occupant
had at once left the nest, where its less
forward brothers and sisters were yet
striving to free themselves from their
prison shells, and was running ronnd
and round the room peeping loudly at
each step, The hen, uncertain what
course to pursue, maintained a balanced
position upon the nest of eggs. Any
who have had experience with hatching
chickens will readily understand the
perilous aspect of such a state of af-
fairs. The little fellow was at once re-
moved however to a warm place and
quite soon established in the sitting
apartment. A few hours passed; — I
went cautiously to the nest to see how
things were progressing, and as I rais-

rilE OOLOGIST.

3G1

eil the heu from the iiost, I found not
three, uor four, nor live, but eight moie
little partridges. Every egg had
hatehetl. So far very well. Now, be-
gins "luy tale of woe."

From the very first the little ones
seemed afraid of tielr foster mother;
they neither understood her clucks and
cries of alarm uor her atttmpts at l)rood-
ing them. All were transferred from
the nest to the pen in the open air and
ants, flies, beetles, larvae of various
kinds, angleworms, crumbs, etc., were
put before them but they took no notice
of tlie food although the hen called their
attention to it in her most coaxing
tones, picking up morsels and dropping
them again and again before them, but
not one would even deign to notice her
discomfiture, lu fact they never ate,
that I am aware of and their crops were
found to be entirely empty after death.
The old hen was true to the last and
never did a mother do more for her
l)rood but they were apparently as
much afraid of her as of me. Round
ami round the pen they walked in sin-
gle tile, peeping much like young turk-
eys, though not so strongly, until one
by one the}' dropped by the way; the
victims of starvation in a land of plen-
ty. I must confess that, though hardly
to be at once reconciled to so summary
a disappointment in the death of the
young birds, I was relieved to know
that the little sufferers were at rest.
The continuous and plaintive peei),
peep, peej), haunts me still. There is
undoubtedlv a better way than that in
which I handled these young Tai fridges.
That they must be confined, however,
I am certain or all would at once stray
from the hen and be lost. They seemed
totally incapable of receiving any care
whatever from the hen; thci" never ate,
they never rested. Although after
studying the "ways and means" of the
subject thoroughly, I 'intended to try
again, I am convinced that some course
very dilferent from any common meth-
<n\ of procedure with wild l)irds must

be found, if success be possible, in rear-
ing the young of the RutYed Grouse,
known more popularly with us as part-
ridge. Could we but rear one brood in
continement, p irtial domestication, at
least may not be impossible.

With the Bob White or Quail my
work was far more satisfactory.

L. WUITNEV W ATKINS,.

Manchester, Micir.

(TO BE CONTINUED.)

Protest Against Bird Slaughter.

At tlae November meeting of the Coop-
er Ornithological Club of California,
held at San Jose, Cal., resolutions wei'e
adopted condemning the practice of
slaughtering many beautiful birds for
millinery purposes. The resolutions-
are as follows :

Resolved, That the Cooper Ornitho-
logical Club deplore and condemn the
l)ei'verted taste and cruelty of the
fair se.x in fostering the slaughter of
tlioiK^auds of Egrets (for their plumes)
and countless numbers of other birds,
of song and boaut3^ for millinery pur-
l^oses; and that we especially condemn
the shooting of Gulls and Terts on the
siiores of San Francisco Bay, as well as
Snowy Plover and other shore birds a-
long the coast, and the wholesale slaugh-
ter along the (Colorado River, the breed-
ing grounds of numerous species, which
are being exterminated l)v Indians em-
ployed by nuscrupulous whites; that we
view with alarm the appalling fact that
more birds are destroyed annually iit
the United States for each large mil-
linery firm than are contained in the
conil>ined collections of bird students in
this country— Ihe acruiriuhition of .gen-
erations. And be it further

Resolved, That every means lie put
forth to influence legislation for the
protection of birds, and to discournge-
the wearing of bii'ds, resulting in such
shamefid annihilation of the beautiful
creatures of the air, the common, ina-
lienable heiitngcof all who love Nature,
and her children of hill and valley,, wood'
and shore. And be it further

liesolced, That a co])y of these resolu-
tions be sent to the inltdiigcnt and gen-
erous press, who may assist in the eli-
mination of this execrable evil of fash-
ion.

S62

THE OOLOGIST.

From Photo by Allen

A Remarkable Nest-

A nest of the Baltimore Oriole, menf oaed in "A Study of Ne>;ts" on p;iare 3i)2,
October Oologist. "A string was woven into llie u'esi at one side, tind tlieu rar-
ried up to a higlier twig, thus keeping it from closing aS'it would other vvise have
done, so that the parent bird could not get iu."

Notes from Audubon's Biography.
Fred W. Parkhurst.

Part VII.
Mr. Audaboa called on Mr. Breed-
love, the Collector of Customs for New
Orleans, and presented to him his let-
ters from the Hon. Levi Woodbury, and
he at once assured Audubon that the
revenue cutter the "Campbell" would
be at his disposal within a few days,
but the service or other circumstances,
did not allow the arrival of the vessel
at New Orleans until late in March. Soon
after the commander of the Cam bell
called upon them, and they were soon
stowed aboard his tight little craft.
Proceeding down the Mississippi they
sailed through its southwest pass,
where they were joined by a vessel of
eight tons, as a tender for their excur-
sions along the shores. They reached
the bay of Galveston on the 24th of

April, 1837, and ransacked not only the
island of that name, but all those on
that celebrated inlet of the Mexican
Gulf which they thought worth ^ihe
while.

The "Campbell" was the tirst armed
vessel of the American Navy that had
entered the bay, and the fort at Galves-
ton returned the salute lired from the
great gun of the Cutter by twenty-six
tires. This was quite a surprise to Au-
dubon, and he was almost as much as-
tonished when he received a visit from
the Secretai-y of the Navy of the State
of Texas, with a written invitation to
proceed to the seat of Government,
Houston, which was about eighty miles
distant from their place of anchorage.
The ' Campbell" proceeded towards this
place about twenty miles, when, meet-
ing with a bar on which there was not
more than about four feet of water at
full tide, she again came to anchor. At
this place, which is called Red-Fish

THE 05L0GIST.

363

Bar, on the 9th of May, Edward Harris,
Captain Coste and Ave sailors took the
giff, while the crusader (the tender)
took the Secretai'y of the Texan Navy,
M. Fisher, Esq., a Mr. Ward and Au-
dubon and his son. Thej' crossed a
large but shallow bay with a fair wind,
and sailing rapidly, passed the town of
New Washington, and soon afterwards
several plantations, which formed a
pleasant contrast to the bari'en salt-
marshes and sandy shores of the gulf.

About noon they entered Bulfalo
Bayou. Ducks of various species, Wild
Turkeys, Isbises aud many other birds
were seen in great numbers. The two
vesselsglided swiftly over the tui'bid wat-
ers Bayou until theyreachedacomforta-
Ijle house, where, after a hasty examina-
tion of the surrounding country, they
pas.sed the night. It had commenced rain-
ing inthe night and in the morning it was
falling in toireuts, but the Secretary of
the Texan Navy being anxious to reach
the seat of Goverment, they started in
the Campbell's gig. Houston was reach-
ed early the next afternoon, and the
city was a welcome sight, for they were
all drenched to the skin. Immediately
after their arrival they were presented
to General Houston, who i-eceived them
verv kindly. The town was crowded
with drunken Indians, while the beau-
tiful plain, on the margin of which
Houston is situated, was covei'ed with
water ankle deep.

Having seen all that was interesting
in the city, and offered the pre.sident as
well as the oflicers of the statY their best
thanks, Audubon aud his party return-
ed to their boat, and soon were Hying
swiftly with the strong current down
stream. Several days were spent in
searching the counti'y around, and
among the interesting places visited
was the battlefield of San Jancinto,
where Santa Anna with his Mexican
forces was defeated by the Texans un-
der Gen. Houston.

On their way to Red-Fish-Bar they

stopped two days at the hospitable
mansion of Col. James Morgan, by
whom they were received in a most de-
lightful manner. Here among other
rarities, they i^rocured a fine specimen
of the ("^limbing Rattlesnake, with ?"e-
curved fangs.

On the 18th of May Audubon and his
friends bade adieu to Texas, amid the
salutes of the several armed Texan ves-
sels at Galveston, and were soon sail-
iag along rapidly on the broad waters
of the gulf of Mexico. Six days later
they auchored in the southvvest Pass
of the Mississippi. After making a
short stay with Captain Taylor and his
wife at the Balize. they were taken in
tow by a steamer, and reached New Or-
leans on the '<J7th. Here Audubon had
the pleasure of meeting his youngest
brother-in-law, William G.Bakewell, of
Louisville, Ky., with his wife, neither of
whom had he seen for several years.
The commercial revolution which had
taken place during their absence
prompted them to proceed at once east-
ward; and bidding their friends fare-
well. Audubon and his son set out for
Charleston by way of Mobile, whence
they crossed the country with the
United States' mail bags, whereon, in
lieu of downy beds and pillows, their
weary bones rested in cramped posi-
tions at night, while by day they had am-
ple opportunity of walking over miser-
able roads, through an almost uncultivat-
ed country, and with very indifferent
fare. On reaching Montgomery, how-
ever, they met with a good coach, and
moved at a moi'e rapid rate towards
their destination. Mr. Harris had
parted from Audubon at New Orleans,
and gone up the Mississippi to secure
for him a collection of preserved Rep-
tiles aud other objects, and after a
much more pleasant journey than be-
fell Audubon and his son, joined them
in Charleston at the house of the Rev.
John Bachman. At Charleston the
friendshiij which had so long existed

364

THE OOLOGIST.

between Audubon and Dr. Bachman
was still more firmly cemented by the
marriage of Audubon's youngest son
with the doctor's eldest daughter.

In the course of their long journeys
over land, along the shores, and on the
bayous, Audubon and his party did not
discover a single bird not previously
figured by Audubon Whether this
was because thei'e were but very few
more to figure, or their lack of s access,
is hard to tell.

Leaving Charleston they reached Nor-
folk after a short and pleasant journey,
and proceeded at once to Washington,
wiiere Audubon presented himself to
the President, Martin VanBuren, to
whom he had letters of introduction
from his good friend Washington Ir-
ving. They then passed rapidly
through Baltimore and Philadelphia, it
being Audubon's wish to reach New
York as soon as possible. There he re-
mained a fortnight while his sou and
daughter-in-law visited the Falls of Ni-
agara. After their return the three
went on board the American packet-ship
the"England," bound for Liverpool, and
arrived there seventeen days later They
made a Hying visit to their friends, and
immeditately went on to London,
where, on the 7th of August, Audubon's
whole family was united once more.

Audubon found the publication of
the "Birds of America" in a satisfactory
state of progression, but received the
disagreeable news that a number of his
British patrons had discontinued their
subscriptions, and that the most of
those who still received their numbers
as they came ont were desirous of see-
ing the work finished in eighty num-
bers, as was expected. The price of a
single copy of the "Birds of America"
was one thousand dollars at that time,
although they can be purchased now
for less than a fifth of that sum.

(to be continued.)

Some Queer Habits of Urinator imber.
By Tyro.

There is at least one small piece of
our country that has not as yet been
carefully ex^jlored by the Naturalist.
Within this limited locality is the
northern boundary of the range of
more than one species peculiar to the
counti'y west of the Rockies. I speak
of northern Idaho.

The northern part of the state is not
moi'e than forty-five miles across.
About fifty miles south of the northern
boundary, the state is crossed by the
Pend d'Oreille or C'ark's Fork of the
Columbian River. The people know it
as the Fond de May . Tributary to this
is Priest River which fiows from Lake
Kauiksu. This lake is north of the
Pend d' Oreille. It is a very beautiful
lake, surrounded by mountains. It is
about thirty-five miles long and ten
miles wide. Small tributaries carry
the snow-water fi"om the mountains
to Lake Kaniksu and Priest River.
The landscape of this locality is widely
beautiful; savagely grand.

I attempt this brief description of the
country because its very wildness has
something to do with the habits of the
bird of which I wish to write — Urinator
imber. The bird is in perfect harmony
with the surroundings and the surroun-
ings are congenial to him.

We were camped at Blue Lake, a
small sheet of water, with mountains
on every side; John and Bob were
coming north to join us. They intend-
ed to pursue the festive deer and catch
mountain trout while we were observ-
ing the life about us and preserving an
occasional specimen.

The gentlemen referred to were fol-
lowing our route by means of certain
signs which we left along the trail.
The last note which they dug up near
the roots of a large pine, read, "Turn
to the right — follow the blazed trail for

THE OOLOGIST

365

a mile or so — give tiie regulation yell
and the fiends in the canyon will an-
swer." John and Bob did their part.
The}^ turned to the right, followed the
trail and gave the regulation yell. But
the answer that came from the canyon
was a "caution." "Who-o-o-o-o-o-j)'"
*'What on earth — did you ever hear
such a racket? It isn't them it's — "
"Yes it is. It's some new yell they've
contrived. Perhaps one of them has
the stomach ache, or — or — '" ^'Goict.
Ki-i-i-ip! Le-e-e-a-hol" "Who-o-o-o-o-
o-p! Whoo-oo-o-o-ji! Yi! yi! yi-i-iP'
came from the canj'on. "Well I'll —
wouldn't it skin you anyway? Well,
all we can do is to hunt em up." They
hunted them up and were introduced
to Urimitor imber. Oh, that I could
have first met him under similar cir-
cumstances!

We lived on a bluff, above the small
lake. The lake was the home of sever-
al Loons. Sometimes there was but
three, often five. The Loons were mo'e
apt to talk to us during the early morn-
ing or in the evening. The first of us
who awoke in the morning would give
a whoop that was always sure to start a
concert down on the lake. Our camp-
fire was the occasion of much inquisi-
tive talk among them of an evening.
There was little satisfaction to me in
always watching them from the bluff.
I wanted to get nearer — to touch one if
possible.

Down near the water I saw a bed in
the sphagnum Avhere a deer had been
passing a quiet day. A small trail told
raethathe frequently came here to drink.
Early the next morning I took a stand
on the shore a short distance from the
trail. As soon as objects could be
clearly seen, an old Urinator set up a
yell. There was a ."sti'ange object on
the brush-covered shore, and he could
not restrain his desire to inspect it. I
say he, but, I wilhwager ray rifle that
"he" was a female. His bugle had
roused his comrades and on they came.

They would make a large circle, grace-
fully sailing until their sides were ex-
Ijosed to me. There, seeming to be-
come suddenly frightened, one or two
would dive, while the others would
scud away at a great rate. They would
theu reassemble, utter a few cries and
make a circle that would bring them
nearer. The same hasty retreat would
again be made. This circling and re-
treating soon became monotonous and
they adopted bolder tactics. They ap-
proached in a zigzag line. Novv, the
leader would waver, fall back, turn
sidewise or rising up, flap his wings
while another took the lead. Then, af-
ter several softly uttered cries thej^
would all gracefully sail away, casting
backward glances as if they were sorry
to leave. Curiosity, however, was their
master, and slowly turning I'ound, they
returned. This time they came in close
order, occasionally uttering a sharp cry
that seemed defiant. I mov^ed toward
them. There was a plunge and not a
Loon could be seen. They could not
remain under long as they were almost
dying to know what I was. They came
bobbing up in diffetent places, flapped
their wings and took another look at
me. I did not look half as dangerous
as the stag that drank at the lake the
day before, and he was harmless. But
what teas I? I walked back A'ard a few
paces. Each Loon charged forward at
his best pace, and each one screamed
his loudest. A forward movement on
my part caused a sudden halt on the
part of the birds. They were almost
within throwing distance. The bodies
of thi'ee Loi'us were so close together
that they made one large tai-get. I
slowly raised my rifle— bang! There
was a curl of blue smoke near me and
a small space of agitated water where
the Loons had been. Their curiosity
was gratified, our interview at an end
and I was I'eady for breakfast.

Our next camp was about forty miles
north of Blue Lake. We had sailed the

366

THE OOLOGIST.

length of Kaniksu and established our-
selves on the shore of Priest Lake.

We we-e quietly sitting on the gran-
ite rocks, looking at the sparkling bits
of mica in the shallow water, when
what should come sailing round a point
near by but old lady imber'> She was
not alone but had her youngest son fol-
lowing in her wake. She at once rec
ognized that tents, dogs and men were
strange objects and turned in the direc
tion of the open lake. A little excite-
ment on our part caused Mrs. Loon to
sink in the water until the little Urina-
tor had seated himself on her back,
when she swam directly from us at a
rapid rate. She was beyond shot gun
range and several repeaters brought in-
to rapid action failed to separate her
from her young one, although in her
haste he was thrown from her back and
compelled to swim for himself.

A certain point on Kaniksujlake can
boast of three vei-y distinct echoes.
After these principal echoes, confused
sounds would rattle around among the
mountains and fiuallj^ die out in the
distance. One of ouf party had a weak-
ness for making hideous noises, danc-
ing scalp-dances and the like. When
Kaleigh chose to enjoy himself of an
evening, a certain Loon across the lake
kept up his part of the concert, presum-
ably as delighted with the echoes and
reverberations, as we. This bird took
great pleasure in adding to his whoop
an indescribable "yip" that none of us
could imitate.

Urinator dreads flying and detests
walking. It is not easy for him to rise
from the Avater, and he strikes it very
roughly. In every case where I saw
one fly to the water near others, they
plunged and came up at various dis-
tances from the visitor. Only once
did I see one attempt to walk. He cut
such a sorry figure that he became
ashamed and waddled to the water.
We frequently experimented with rifle
and shotgun, but the Loon invariably

escaped. Once or twice he left a few
feathers for us as a keepsake. View-
ing him with a strong spy glass afforded
us much pleasure.

It was the Loon's inquis'.tiveness that
appeared most interesting to me. In
the Eastern States I had never seen it
manifested. Perhaps fear has over-
come all inquisitive propensities that
the eastern individuals may have had.

Methods in the Art of Taxidermy.

The public has been impatiently
awaiting the appearance of the new
work on taxidermy, and after several
years of promises, the conclusion was
arrived at, that Mr. Davie's Taxidermy
(prospective) would never see the pub-
lisher's hands. So long a period has
elapsed since the first mention of the
proposed woi'k, that it is not to be won-
dered at that impatient naturalists, tax-
idermists and collectors of skins should
begin to feel uncertain as to the out-
come.

But the author of this wonderful
work, feeling that the publication was
to be the ett\)rt of his life, postponed its
completion from time to time in order
to add new notes and illustrations and
make it complete in every detail. At
last Mr. Davie's Taxidermy has appear-
ed, and the writer of this review can
best run up the merits of the work by
saying that it is perfect in every re-
spect. There is no chance to criticise;
no opportunity to pick flaws, either in
the concise text, covering the art, or
the admii'able illustrations presented in
the modern form of engraving. There
is absolutely nothing omitted in the
text. P^very possible point is covered,
while hundreds of hints are given, un-
known to the generality of so-called
bird-stuffers; and no one interested in
NatuJ-e can read a page without profit.
As boy and man, I have been devoted
to the preparation of objects of natural

THE OOLOGIST.

367

lii.story for over a quarter of a century,
yet I here is searcely a page iu the new
work which does uot otTer valuable
suggestions to lue.

With all due legard to the text, still
greater credit is due to the iucompara-
l)le illustrations. The illustrations so
essential to the beginner, yet so rarely
presented iu publications, are complete
in ever^^ respect, and it may be said
that a natural artist could mount a
bird, mammal or reptile from these
aids alone, and without reference to the
text. Tiiere is not a wasted sentence
in the i)ook, aud neither is there a point
lacking in the eograviugs; from the
tirst incision in the Ijird's breast to tt e
intricate work of turning the skin over
the. head — so dillicult to the beginner —
all is made perfectly plain.

The test anil illiittrations go hand in
hand from the skiui.ing of the smallest
bird, to the complete mounting of the
ostrich and elephant. But in addition
to these, are chapters on mounting
heads, preservation of tish, reptiles,
(•rustaceans aud a dozen other subjects,
all profusel3^ iUnsirated. Of course
ample space is devotee! t.i the prepara-
tion of a colleciion of eggs, aud the
subject is handled, as with all others, in
a masterful manuei", and thoronghly
<-over.s the ground.

Mr. Davie's aim is evidently one to
make accurate workers of ail collectors
and taxidermists; and with this idea,
he devotes his pages to practical sug-
gestion; utterly ignoring the;cstlietic in
the text, but aiming to convince all
through the meilinni of his illustration.*,
that

•' X tiling of bf auty is a joy tovever."

In a partial history of taxidermy, the
author gives evidence of his familiarity
with other works, and throughout his
incomparable compilation, repeatedly
refers in an admirable manner to other
taxidermists of note.

Nothing can be sa d iu criticisius of
the gent ral text as regards the sense

expressed, but there occasionally occurs
a misleading w^ord, or n ore rare]j% a
sentence. A sharp critic could also
pick flaws with the position of some of
the birds and mammal, bui iu the main
the illustrations are all that could be
desired, and perhaps it is not to the
artist's discredit in delineating attitudes,
which fail to meet my approval.

There appears to be a growing ten-
dency in our country to adopt English
customs; and one, a most lamentable
fad, of issuing publications with uneven
sized and rough edged leaves, is upon
us. The idea is distasteful to all who
are not Anglomaniacs, even when the
custom is followed in story editions,
but to hamper readers with this I'idicu-
lous custom, and that, too, in a book of
reference, is far Irom meeting with the
approval of the sensible class of stu-
dents.

The price of the work when adver-
tised was a surprise to me, and it was
felt that there could never be a demand
for it, but on examination of the publi-
tion my only surprise is in the fact that
Mr. Davie's "Methods in the Art of
Taxidermy" can be sold at its present
figure.

The work is admirable. It is incom-
parable. It will instruct the youngest
as well as the oldest; the professional,
and amateur as well as the beginner
who is totally dependent on book in-
struction. Enough cannot be said in
favor of this remarkable publication^
which will hardly be approached, sure-
ly never excelled within the age of liv-
ing man.

MOKRIS GiBBS, M. 1).,

Kalamazoo, Mich.

The Barbarism of Fashion.

It is with profound I'Cgrct that all
true Ornithologists and lovers of the
beautiful feathered denizens of our
tields and forests, learn from the recent

36S

THE UOLOGiSr.

fashion papers that the wholesale
destruction of birds for millinery pur-
poses has again been resumed.

For the past few years, through the
efforts of the Audubon society and
others, the wearing of birds for perso-
nal adornment (?) had practically ceas-
ed, but now this dreaded fashion is
again being brought into vogue by a
number of leading milliners.

The accumulation of bird skins has
been going on for a couple of years or
more by dealers of forethought, who
have been waiting patiently the time
when they would again reap a harvest
from their store of skins.

Early last summer [1893J a taxider-
mist from Poughkeepsie, N. Y. told me
that a milliner from New York city had
called upon him a few weeks before,
wishing to make arrangements with
him to collect that summer, five hu7id-
red dozen birds of bright plumage; and
what was equally astonishing this milli-
ner was iutioduced to the taxidermist
by one of the leading professors of Vas-
sar College.

The October Atik in speaking of the
destruction of birds for this "absurd
craze for hat decoration composed of
bird skins," says, " * * * Thus a
no less respectable fashion journal than
'Harpers Bazar'' in its issue of Aug. ]8th
last, in an article devoted to 'New Hats
and Bonnets,' gives the following delec-
table information to its readers, with-
ovxt a word of protest or lament, under
the subheading 'Birds and Wings.'
' * * * Blackbirds prevail, and are
poised in pairs, with beaks meeting
lovingly, their wings and tails pointing
straight to give the shape of a large
bow, and often resting on a still larger
bow of liberty satin ribbon of many
loops. This happy arrangement is on
the front of small bonnets, while large
hats have a second pair [of birds] across
the back, resting on loops or chaux of
ribbon below the upturned brim. Sin-
gle l)irds perch on the front edge of

the brim of round hats, or nest in the
large ruche that surrounds the crown —
the nesting or brooding bird is not con-
sidered so effective as the newly lighted
l^ird with wings still in the air. The
dear little blackbirds have been touch-
ed with color by French milliners, who
hesitate at nothing. They are given
throat and breast of flint blue, auber-
gine, or emerald green, and their raven
wings are also covered on one side
with these colors.

Small bluebirds and others of pale
3'ellow or pink are gioi'e with jet along
their slender wings and painted beaks.
Large chaux made of feathers or stilf
quills pourde with jet are effective
trimming's."

It is indeed deeply to be lamented
that the cruel fad had again been taken
up — or rather forced upon the bonnet
wearing sex. Every one who cares for
the birds and knows the consequences
that would follow their extermination,
should feel it Iheir duty to put forth
every effort to abate and discourage
this barbarous fashion.

William S. Johnson,
Boonville, N. Y.

Seven Birds from Six Eggs.

Wm. Hencke has a canary that takes
the lead. She hatched seven birds
from six eggs. This seems like one of
William's hunting stories, but it's a fact.
One of the six eggs was douijie yolked.
The two hatched from this ^gv^ are
quite a little smaller than the rest but
are strong and healthy and will doubt-
less survive. They are now two weeks
old. Six eggs are a large complement
for a canary but to hatch seven birds
from them takes the lead. The next
nest Mr. Hencke expects two from each
egg-

[The above we clip from the New
London (Wis.) Press, and as to its reli-
ability we need only add that the Press
is edited and publi.^heil by Chas. F.
Carr.— Ed.]

thp: oologist.

36a

The Oologist.

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to

OOLOGY AND ORNITHOLOGY.

FRANK H. LATTIN, Editor and Publisher
ALBION, N. Y.

Correspondence and Items of Interest to tne
student of Birds, tlielr Nests and Eggs, solicited
from all.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
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The above rates Include payment of postage by us.

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for an Exchange Notice and the other for 25c.
when presented with an order of $VZ^ or over.

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Back numbers of the Oologist can be furnish
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•,• Articles, Items of Interest and Queries
for publication should be forwarded as early In
the month as possible.

ME POST Ot^PICE AT t

An exhaustive index of the OiiLOGisT
for '94 will be printed in next months
issue.

We presume that all of our oological,
ornithological, and taxidermal friends
keep their instruments thoroughly Gun-
oleumed when not in use. If not, why
not?

25th would be a most appropriate date"
to remember its Publisher not only with
a renewal but with the new subscription
of some interested friend.

Chas. K. Reed writes us that lie is
having the best seasons work he ever
ex^'erienced — Four or five Deer heads,
a Moose head or two and orders for half
a dozen of those famous Bird Pieces
under his patent Oval Convex Glass
Shades, in addition to regular work, is
only a fair example of an ordinary days
business.

During the past few months the Pub-
lisher of the Oologist has been the re-
cipient of many flattering notices from
the press of this countrj' — of recent date
the 'Farmer's Monthy," and "The Nid-
iologist" have dilated on the subject and
even the new ''Museum" tenderly re-
fers to him as "the old concern." Thank
vou brethren.

Once more we are called upon to er-
ase the name of a bright and enthusias-
tic young naturalist from the subscrip-
tion books of the Oologist — On Aug. 13
Leon Wasson died of typhoid fever at
the home of his father, Waveland,
Ind.

What was your rarest, or most interest-
ing take of '94? Also, have you any wrink-
le or contrivance, not generally known,
that might be of value to some fellow-
collector? Your account or description
must be written briefly [rmist not exceed
100 words) on a postal and mailed the
Editor of the Oologist, on or before
Jan. 1.5th. A Standard Catalogue will
be mailed each writer and the three of
greatest value will receive $1.00 each,
cash.

Hundreds of subscriptions to Oolog-
ist expire with this issue, about Dec.

We have critically examined "collec-
tions" of all kinds, sizes and prices but
can honestly say that for the money
we have never seen anything in the line'

S70

THE OOLOGIST.

that woiilfl compare with the -'Wash-
ington School Collections" put up at
"The Microcosm." The collections
are so arranged that anj'one of ordinary
intelligence can readilj' understand
them and in our estimation it would be
a difficult matter to obtain aA more ap-
propriate Christmas present for a Nat-
ure loving friend.

Who can tell what living oologist has
collected sets of eggs of the greatest
number of species of North American
birds? To this query we might also
add — what living ornithologist has
shot and prepared the greatest number
of species of North American birds?

Mr. K. B. Mathes, whose announce-
ment appears on other pages, has been
with "Lattin" for the past live years,
has been with or for him at many
of the leading Fairs throughout the
United States, was in charge of one of
his Chautauqua stores in '91 and again
in. '94 — was at the World's Fair in '93
and had charge of most of L's exhibits
during the fall of '94.

Mr. M. has a large personal acquaint-
ance among the readers of the Oologist
who will, with its Publisher, wish him
unbounded success. This success it is
safe to predict as he is an all around
American hustler and is throughly post-
ed in the business he has adopted, in
all its details.

A Sportsmen's Exposition will beheld
at Madison Square Garden, New York,
May 13th to 18th.

The following classification of the ex-
hibits will characterize the nature of
the Exposition. Collective exhibits al-
lowed.

Class A — Firearms of every descrip-
tion, ancient and modern.

B — Ammunition.

C — Sporting Sundries and Applian-
ces.

D — Fishing Tackle.

E — Boats, Canoes, etc.

F — Camping Outfits and Utensils.

G — Athletic Goods (lavvn-teunis, lield
games, etc.)

H— Zoology, Taxidermy and Taxi-
dermist's Supplies.

I — Kennel Supplies.

K — Cameras and Photographist's
Supplies.

L — Saddles Bridles and Horse ^Equip-
ments.

M — Sportsmen's Art and Literature.

N — Troi^hies of the Chase.

O — Loan Exhibits.

Full particulars can be obtained from
the secretary, Frederic S. Webster, 106
East28dSt., New York.

Ameriean Ornithogists' Union.

The annual congress of the Amerian
Ornithologists' Union was held Nov. IS-
IS, at the Museum of Natui-al History,
New York City. Papers were read by
Frank M. Chapman cm "Habits of Cer-
tain Tropical Birds;" Mrs. Abby F. C.
Bates, on "A Swallow's Roost at Water-
ville. Me.," and others. The shot-gun
once uSed by Audubon was on exhibit-
ion. Officers elected: President — Dr.
Elliott Coues, Washington, D. C; First
vice president — William Brewster, Cam-
bridge, Mass.; Second vice-president —
C. Hart Merriam, Washington. D. C;
Secretary— John H. Sage, Portland,
Conn.

You Are a Judge-

Your decision must be mailed us not
later than the first day of January.
Write on back of a postal card the live
articles which you have decided to be
the inost valuable, instructive and inter-
esting in this number of Oologist and
mail to us. Number the articles in the
order which you think the prizes should
be awarded.

We give our Judges five prizes hav-
ing an aggregate value of over $5, one
to each of the five whose decisions are
nearest the final award of Mss. prizes.

THE OOLOGIST.

371

On November 30th. 2:15 a. m.. (the uight after
Thankseivin?) the EJitor of the Ooi.ogist
bagged an unusually well developed specimen
of Nycteqmis. As this is an unusually rare vis-
itant in his immediate locility, in was deemed
of sufficient interest to Kodak in its various
phases for the delectation of the readers of the

OOLOGIST.

NOVEMBER CONTEST.
Fifty-one Judges.

1. The Study of Bird Life, 237.

2. Leacli's Petrel, 170

3. Nesting Habits of the Chestuut-
sided Warbler, 138.

4. Collecting, viz; Oological, 111.

5. Notes from Audubon's Biographj',
97.

'1 he Judges prizes were awarded as

follows:

1. No. 18— Harold M. Holland, Gal-
esburg, 111.

2. No. 27,— Fred W. Knolhoff. East
Orange. N. J.

3. No. 35 — H. Gould Wei born, Lex-
ington, N. C.

4. No. 46— L. G. Woodruff, New
York City.

5. No. 50— James Howe Slater, Web-
ster, Mass.

Judges No's 18, 27 and 35 named the
wfuning articles in tlieir exact order
and No's 46 and 50 placed them 1, 2, 3,
5. 4. All prizes were mailed Dec. 14th.

Ornithology and Oology.— I want to ob-
tain a quantity of back numbers of various
publications re'lating to Birds and will allow
prices as follows for the same. Will accept
any number of copies not to exceed 10 of the
same issue. All must be complete and clean.
"Bulletin of the Mettall Ornithological Club"
and -The Auk" 3U cts. per copy. "The Oolo-
gist" (published at Utica, N. Y. and Rockville,
Conn., 1875-81); the ••Ornithologist and Oolog-
ist;" and '•The Nidiologi-st;" '•Random Notes
on Natural History" Prov.. R. I. .5c per copy.
'•Wisconsin Naturalist:" "The Taxidermist;"
'•The Ornithologist and Botanist," Bmgham-
ton, N. Y. and any other periodical of not less
than 8 pages, either amateur or professional,
devoted to birds published prior to 1894, I will
allow 3 cts. per copy. I will allow the above
amounts in payment for. specimens, insti^um-
euts, supplies or publications or if you prefer
will send credit check for the amount. All
publications must be seat prepaid (you can
mail them as '•second class mail matter ' (oi 4c
per lb.). •'Returns" will be sent prepaid unless
otherwise specified in cati^logue. I can also
us'e the following second-hand books on same
conditions at prices quoted prepaid. Must be
in A No. 1 condition. Coues' "Key to N. A-
Birds" !J4..W; Ridgeway's "Manual of N. A.
Birds" $:i.7f); Davie's •'Nests and Eggs of N. A.
Birds, 3d or 4th : editions, cloth, 8.5 cts, paper
m cts; other .i/andard publication will be accep-
ted at one-half publishers prices. This notice
will remain in force until Jan. 15, iss».=). After
that date write what you have to offer before
sending. FRANK H. LATTIN. Albion, N. Y.

EGGS.

Prom the Orient and Assam 'Malakka) In-
dia. Australia, Africa, etc.. correctly named
at moderate prices, also European and exotic
Birds skins. HERMANN ROLLE,

Emdener St.. 4, Berlin, N. W., Germany

372

THE OOLOGIST.

J IjShotGunsJ^a'^^evoivers,

be CO ^^^<*^nd«fa>np>i„=^i'Oreat ■Western' ^^
U aa^*"^ r>r Price List. QnilWopk»,Pitt8burglx,Fl^

^^FIMF*^ NETS, TENTS, and

♦^'— *'^*— ^^» SPORTING GOODS.

Every cl<»scription of Guns. Revolvers, Animu-
nition and Sporting Goods at very lowest pric-
es. We have somethirg of interest to you.

THE NAUTILUS.

A monthly devoted to the intesests of Con-
chologists. "Edited and published by H. A. Pil-<-
bry, Academy of Natural Sciences and C. W.
Johnson. Wagner Free Institute, Philadelphia
Pa Send for sample copy.

Indian Relics, Minerals, Curiosities.
Large Catalogue Free.
Rhode Island and Connectii ut Relics a specialty.
Some special goods at special prices for stamp.

W. PERRY ARNOLD,
Oyr. STONINGTON, CONN.

H. H. &C.S. BrT WILEY,

COLLECTORS, RALEIGH, N.C.

First'Class Bird and Mammal Sldns and Eggs,
Reptiles and Batrachians both alive and in al-
cohol. Full data. Send stamp for price lists.

FRANK B. ARIMSTRONG,

TAXIDERMIST,

AND COLI-ECTOH AND DEALER IN

Bird and Mammal Skins, Birds Eggs

in fine sets, Reptiles, Mounted Birds

and Animals.
Brownsville, Texas, U. S. A.

~ EDWARD W. CURRIER,

1 20 Sutter St., Room 1 7,

San Francisco, Cal.

Taxidermist and dealer in Birds Eyes, Taxid-
ermist supplies, etc. Skins and eggs of Cali-
fornia Birds, also Cal . curiosities. Correspon-
dence solicited.

STONE

INDIAN RELICS!

On approval bj" mail. Give reference. A few
cents expense to see a variety from many States
I pay postage one vi'ay on arrow and spear
points. Largest Stock, Large.st Variety,
AND Finest in the West. Buckskin Relics,
Weapons, Minerals. Fossils, Shells. Agates,
Curios. Catalogue with prices for stamp.
BLACK HILLS NATURAL HISTORY ES-
TABLISHMENT, Deadwood, S. D.

TAXIDERMISTS' GUNSV^^f

Pistols. Gun Cases. Shooting Shot Shells: also

l^.1e,'ror SPECIMEN HUNTERS.

All kinds, all prices from S .'W to *2\U0. List
free. Write for TaxidermisVs free list.

JAMES H. JOHNSTON,

PITTSBURG. F»A.

What Moves It

One of Nature's Wonders.

THE JDMPING SEED 01 LIVING BEAM!

Always Moving, Always Jumping, Always
Dancing.
The wonder of the Scientific Woild. Interest-
ing to old and young.

The ONLY ANIMATED VEGETABLE Known!

A full description and explanation of this
phenomenon accompanies each box.

Price 25c. each, 3 for 50c. Postpaid.

E. VAN WINKLE,

Vans Harbor, Mich.

SRND FOR it:"!

rrroMPOUND OxYGEN— Its Mode of Action and
\ Results."— is the title of a book of 30O
pages. published by Drs. Starkey & Palen. which
giyes to all inquirers full information as to this
remarkable curative agent, and a record of sur-
prising cures in a wide range of chronic cases —
many of them after being abandoned to die by
other phy.sicians. Will be mailed free to any~
address on application.

DRS. STARKEY & PALEN.

1529 Arch St., Phila., Pa. 120 Sutter St., S. Fran'co.Cal.

Please mention the Oologist.

rA'N""lT)"'EA"L ''FA''Rri''LT'''M'''E"D'i'c'

" For Indigestion, Biliousness,
I Headac'lie, Constipation, Bad
I t'omplexion. Offensive Breath,

= and all disorders of the Stomach,

I Liver and Bowels,

'R-I- P" A- N-S- TABULES

I act pently yet promptly. Perfect

I digestion follows their use. Sold

= by druggists or sent by mail.

I Price 50 cents a box. Address ■

"RITANS chemical CO.. lOSprnceSt.. N.T.I

DDIKITIMf* Of all kinds for Naturalists a

rnill I BlXyi sp-ciality. Note and letter
heads, envelope^, circulars, illustrated cata-
logues for natural history dealers. Have hun-
dreds of engravings of Jiatural history speci-
mens. Write for estimates. 10) envelopes print-
ed, 4.^10. liotehearts same price, postpaid. C. F,
CARR. Job Printer. Nhw London. Wis. tf

■\T7A-nrln-nfn1 Try what lO Cents sent
W OIldGrilll H. Harte, Jeweler,
vv viiVAVixuJ. Rcciigster, N. Y., will bring.

We secure Uuiieu staie.>Hnd t'oreisn Prtlenis,
register Trade-Marks, Copyrights and T/abels,
and attend to all patent business for moderate
fees. We report on patentability free of charge,
i'or information and free hai d-book write t^i
H. B. WILLSON &, CO., Attorneys at Law,
Opp. U. S. Pat. Office. WASHINGTON. D. C.

When answ^ering advertisements,
always mention the "OOLOGIST."

THE OOLOGIST

^J^^M^

\(U^/.^c^^

^Zi/^

•'^{j^:^2^^m^ J

•e/:::£^^^^^^

-!- SEHD S^^^^AP FOR COtsAPV^E eM/\lO&^r

-0< H t '

2te t^tn St. V^^e^^^

^7^/S,

^';r'm^ .b(^6-c72^

■■rCxJ, /2M<J ^^7/txJ^

374

THE OOLOGIST

VniTKH- IV A TTTP A T TQTQf ^aUe a stan in the right direction bv purchas-
-LwUlMJ i^il. I UrtilJjiOlO. ing Bartlefs Cabiue*. Well worth double

the money. Nearly 1,000 sold in the past three years. Neat, novel and instructive to study.
"Young Idea" Mineral Cabinet. "Eclipse'' Curiosity Cabinet.

t or an '"
Xnias //

Gift Ih

Contains Chinese Poker Chip, Chinese Napkin,
Chine e Lottery Ticket, istar-fl.sh. Giant Tree

Contains 15 varieties of rare minerals, as fol- Bar's Cal. Red Sea Bean. Alligntor Tooth, 3
, „ . ^ , c. T^, v.. T-, ,j bellow V\ax Shells. Marme Algoe, Gypsum

lows: Coquma, Calc Spar, Fluorite, Feldspar, crystals. Bloody Tooth Shell. Chinese Cash.
Silver Ore, Serpentine, Calamine, Syenite, Tour- Coin. Flexible Coral, 3 Boar Shells. Egg of Peri-
maline, Milky Quartz, Drusy Quartz, Hematite, winkle. Drab Sea Beau, Sunflower Coral, 3
,, .. „ , , „. • ,, , V, ,, , J Money Cowry Shells and Fossil Crmoid. All

Marcasite, Galena and Zinc Ore, all labelled and labeled name and locality and in partitioned
secured in a neat tray, like cut, postpaid for 2.5c. box like cut. Sent postpaid for 25cts.

Reliable Coin and Stamp Guide, 50 pages, giving prices paid for all U. S. and Foreign Coins and
Stamps, 15c. Funny Chinese Chop Sticks. The knife, fork and spoon of the Chinamen. It is
claimed tbey eat soup with them. Ebony wood, a foot long. 10 c a pair. Chinese Cash Coins,
500 years old, 4 for 10c. Perfect Indian Arrow Heads, with locality, 4 for 25c, 6 for 3.5c, 65c per
doz. All postpaid. No, I no longer issue a catalogue.

R. E. BARTLETT, 99 STATE ST.. ROCKFORD, ILLS.

'The Sunny South''
Natural Science Establishment

KIRKE B. MATHES, Proprietor,

11 N. ST. GEORGE ST , ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA.

My Specialty — High-class Art Goods for Interior Decortion, which
includes Paintings, Water-colors, Bird Pictures, Fur Rugs, and Mantel
Ornaments in great variety. I make a Specialty of Mounted Birds
and Fish under the famous Convex Glass Shades.

I also carry a full line of Natural History Specimens and Curiosi-
ties, Artificial Glass Eyes, Bird Skins, Bird Eggs, Indian Relics, Min-
erals, Fossils, Corals, Cabinet and Showy Shells, Instruments, Sup-
plies and Publications for the Naturalist.

I make a specialt}^ of everything in the Novelty, Souvenir and Jew-
elry line that can be manufactured from Minerals, Spar, Shells, Teeth,
etc., suitable for the Florida Souvenir trade.

If you wish to obtain anything Floridian in my line, either in large
or small quantities. I invite special correspondence — for if obtaina-
ble, I think I can supply your wants at prices that will defy competi-
tion.

THE OOLOGIST.

375

SYSTEMATIC COLLECTIONS.

Witli unusual facilities for securinpj educatioual materials, it is proposed to take
the lead in furnisliing systematic collections for teaching MINERALOGY, GEO-
LOGY, and ZOOLOGY in Schools and Colleges. Individual Specimens -also fur-
nished. Catalogue sent on recipt of 6 els. in postage stamps.

RELIEF MAPS AND MODELS.

Special attention given to Relief Maps. Send for circular describing Grand
Canon, Yosemite Valley, Yellowsto-ie National Park. Mt. Shasta, fMt. t^' esuvius,
Kentucky, Ma.esachusetts, New Jersey, Etc., Etc. Also model of the whole Unit-
ed States, with adjoining ocean bottoms, modeled on correct curviture. Many of
these made especially for Schools. New Relief Map of Palestine, Modeled for the
Palestine Exploration Fund, Now ready.

LANTERN SLIDES.

Series of Lantern Slides for class illustration in Geology, Physical Geography,
Etc.

MEOTERITES.

A good price paid for met orites of all kinds. New and undescribed ones [^es-
pecially desired. An extra price paid for the entire "find" or "fall." ^Meteorites
also cut, polished and etched.

WASHINGTON SCHOOL COLLECTIONS-

Minerals, Rocks and Invertebrate Animals.

These collections, decided upon after nunicrous conferences Avith teachers and
experts connected with the U. S. Geological Survey and U. S. National Museum,
have just been introduced into the schools of Washington, and will, be fknown) as
the Washington School Collections. .. -.. -«f:»...^!gj -jzj

It is safe to say that no collections of equal excellence have ever before been
ofifere<l in this country at so low a price ($i each.) Send for circular.

WASHINGTON SOUVENIR COLLECTION.

A collection of 20 specitnens in separate trays in handsome cloth covered box
showing the principal building and ornamental stones used in the Public Build-
ings of Washington. Price 75 cts. Will be sent postpaid to any address for $1.00.

EDWIN E.HOWELL,

612 1 7th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

376 THE OOLOGIST.

A Positive Rust Preventative and Lubricant
FOR GUNS 'REVOLVERS-RIFLES

AND ALL METALS

STANDS WITHOUT A RIVAL.

[~ Imitatoi-s claim something "just as good," thex'ebj' admittiug the sup.'riority of
Gunol^um.

Unscrupulous Dealers may offer you an article said to be "just as good".
(Because it affords them a better profit.)

BE HONEST, AND REFUSE IT.

A Light Coat of GUN01.«EUM od an Unprotected Metalic Surface will prevent
it- from Rust, Pits, Tarnish or CoiTosion, and preserves its finish.

FOR
BICYCLES, TYPEWRITEES, CAMP KITS, SURGICAL,

PvEYOLVEPvS, LAWN MOWEES, BRASS, EMBALMING

PISTOLS, FINE MACHINERY, COPPER, and DENTAL

SHOTGUNS, GUN LOCKS, STEEL, INSTRUM'TS.

Any reliable dealer who may not have Gutioleum, will procure it promptly
for anyone who wishes it.

SIX SIZES: Metal Collapsible Tubes, 15 and 25c., 1-4 lb. can
35c., 1-2 lb. can 50c., 1 lb. can 75c. and 5 lb. can $3.00.

Beware of imitations said to be "just as good."

MANUFACTURED BY

THE CHARLES WILLY MFG. CO.,

BAY SHORE, E. I., N. Y., U. S. A.

^

4 :iJ^MnHHHHBBHBH

'^^0:p^j^-i:^

AMNH LIBRARY

100103617