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SOOCOUUEA R aa ereavye ie vehene ‘ ‘ wei ‘ ‘ ’ aa OL RAR . ee . * “ ‘ <4 Cogs . ‘ y's BODO OOOA OOK Pees t ee aue es ‘ . tre ee : yi 5 PAR TOO OO LOL : AOC OUO OGG SOOO ees . . BeOS Regiiles ar [Evtracted from the TRANSACTIONS OF THE ZooLoaicaL Society or Lonpon,’ Vol. xxi, Part i. June, 1916.) I. On the Lizards allied to Lacerta muralis, with an Account of Lacerta agilis and L. parva. By G. A. Boutenaer, PRS., P.ZS.* [Received January 7, 1916; Read April 4, 1916. } (Puarus I.-VII., and Text-figures 1-12.) InbeEx. VARIATION: Page Variation in Species of Lacerta; Lines of Evolution ............ 1 Taxonomy: Revision of Genus Lacerta: L. agilis, L. parva, and Species allied Hy Ube eRe eran oto 0 C.0 OLD G0. CG DRIC ORT CLO CID DIOR TIERS COCIOnASTE TO 1 Sysremaric : Gallotia, Centromastiv, nn. nn. for Sections of the Genus Lacerta .. 3 INTRODUCTION. IN two previous contributions to these ‘Transactions’ f, I have dealt in detail with Lacerta muralis, and I have now extended my observations to the species that cluster around this highly polymorphic species. But, in order properly to understand the phylogenetic relationships of the members of this group, it is necessary to refer to two species belonging to another section of the genus, because 1 regard them as the most primitive, the keystone to the study of all the species of Lacerta, ‘viz. Lacerta agilis, * Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum, + Vol. xvii, 1905, p. 351, and vol. xx. 1918, p. 184. VOL. XXI.—ParT I. No. 1.—June, 1916. B 2 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS which also happens to be the type of the genus, and its ally, Z. parva. ‘The extra- ordinarily great variations, individual and geographical, to be found in Lacerta agilis are a subject deserving of renewed study on a large material. I will, therefore, first give an account of Lacerta agilis and L. parva before passing on to the descriptions of the allies of Lacerta muralis. A division of the very homogeneous genus Lacerta into minor groups is a matter of great difficulty, and has bafHled the efforts of those best qualified by a long and patient study to enlighten us. Leaving aside the views of Prof. L. von Mchely, as embracing for the present but a limited number of forms, the treatment of which I have criticized on previous occasions *, I will refer here only to the two complete schemes of classification which have been hitherto proposed, by Dr. J. de Bedriaga and Dr. F. Werner respectively. 1. Bedriaga, 1886 + :— Group I. L. ocellata Daud., viridis Laur., princeps Blanf., agilis L., with the inter- mediate forms L. pater (=ocellata) and paradoxa (=agilis). Group II. LZ. muralis Laur., brandti De Fil., danfordi Gthr., levis Gray, greca Bedr., oxycephala D. & B., bedriage Camer., depressa Camer., taurica Pall., pelo- ponnesiaca Bibr., dugesi M.-Edw., galloti D. & B., atlantica Peters & Doria, perspicillata D. & B. Group III. Z. vivipara Jacq., praticola Kversm. Group IV. L. echinata Cope. A fifth comprises Z. tessellata Smith and teniolata Smith, which, with Bettaia delalandii M.-Kidw., I place in the genus Nucras Gray. 2. Werner, 1904 ¢ :— Group I. LZ. muralis Laur., bedriage Camer., depressa Camer., mosorensis Kolomb., oxycephala 1). & B., anatolica Wern., cappadocica Wern. (a Latastia), greca Bedr., danfordi Gthr., levis Gray. Group IL. LZ. serpa Raf., littoralis Wern., tonica Lehrs, tawrica Pall., pelopon- nesiaca Bibr. Group III. ZL. hispanica Stdr., balearica Bedr., pityusensis Bosca, lilfordi Gthr., dugesi M.-Edw., atlantica Peters & Doria, galloti D. & B., stmonyt Stdr. Group 1V. Z. agilis L., parva Bler., viridis Laur., ocellata Daud. Group V. (branching off from Group I.). JL. praticola Eversm., vivipara Jacq., der- Juginti Nik. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xx. 1907, p. 39, and (8) v. 1910, p. 247. Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xiv. p. 38. Zool, Anz, xxvii. p. 254. * ++ senart - ,», La Roche-en-Breil : 3. Puy de Dome (Lataste Coll.) . 9. Ax-les-Thermes 5) THOME c BeLcium AND LUXEMBURG. é. Arlon . ore MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS . Southport Studland Heath . Poole Heath 2 Ringwood . . . Bournemouth bb} . Devil’s Jumps . Frencham Common ” Mondorf . SwiITZERLAND. . Binningen 68 82 30 38 38 35 29 bo bo bw bt bw w Wt Ww Ww DO WH Youruounwsdamoun oo &— na ow bo bo W po Lome +) © 10 10 18 18 16-14 J1-12 12-14 14-13 13-14 12-13 12-11 14-12 14 11-12 13-12 13-12 14 12 11 13 14 12 11 14 12-11 12-13 12-13 11-13 ili 12-13 11 14 12-14 14-15 13 12 14-13 14-13 13 12-11 14-16 13-14 bo bo rh bp hw Ww Ee bP wowodrF Ff ® © bo bo bo pn bo bo Roy KS) EV CT _— bo ee Fe bo bo if b bk H me bo bb bo S role bo ! bol— bo pw w bw we WW x bo bo | bo bo bo by bw bw bo ~~) | wh bo bo bo wr Ob NI bo bo b> bw Ww © bp bo we bo ek bo ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. . Binningen ” ” . Lausanne GERMANY. . Diisseldorf . 5 . ” e-: Pe Neve . Freiburg . ” ‘5 ; Hillsteig . ” ” Berlin. ” 2 » (var. rubra) . Dresden . 3 (var. rubra) . »” ( ” ) £ ” . . AustrRIA-HUNGARY. . Prague ” ” 67 70 66 . XXI.—PART I. No. 4.—June, 1916. 36 36 bo bo po db WW & bo a oO ecn Oo “ © © u) ee ww wt we womoncroTcnN 20 19 21 ne ee ee el el el oe bo NO | i i Le ee — lwow ww Ww & lw msewhp Ww Fw rw tw bw bw b& bw bt bt bs bd bt dO tw bt bo or 26 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS ‘ Lg) Bi AB e Hon Br Go) eae Op Asean, 5 5 6 oa oa o 5 CO) aH) 310) 8 18 12-14 20 1 2 gee pS ee top 26. ov i eG! a, 19 ee + 78 37 30) 10 17 13-14 18 il 2 , 45 i ah PS) a) iG IGE POE do. Vienna TO 30 26 So lS alv—=16. 20)” ci a2 : “4 TO Sie Oe 3 19) Ae ee, eke Bice oot Bs hE 3) TO BSN" 828) cals oe AG 2 1 eh am re (Gyeics matey. G5 G6 | TA Lats) erp al) alt) et PRY Ih 5 ” ( | ea bos Spe Oe | BE 2D eG 13 Hy al 2 5 830 409829) 10 IG Sal IAS S202) 2, a5 3 ERS os ys Gsrion feats! Mike! OG 30 10 18 12 US) Zeal 2 * 4 (Cem qui) 5 3 6 a fa Be > a0) Oe Lael) —k3 eee 1a ne 2, OMB AZIAS apie Rees Mnocy ey eh Rete ROU aa) a mee, 9 WG See 9) al 92 3) Narpalankaws We. (6 a OL B43 82 Ce ie WIS Pa al ¢o. Hermannstadt . Ae ioeoremerte Oe IN IOS 29) jb rs i bh WA MO Bor R59 Goe4id 2 aise eos OeniaI=S 9 90 41 29 oy ey Iles sy al m0 x pluie Mee ee ee OO Mm Dae MO) Sg 31272 le? Go Imasylveme, 0 56 5 6 o o MS) ay) Pil Some: 13} 19 2-1 2 RouMANIA. Oe GOIN Alaely ao) Ss, ace hee ee OD eS enero ale il Oe mb 1. Length (in millimetres) from snout to vent. 2. Number of scales across middle of body. 3. Transverse series of ventral plates. 4. Number of plates in collar. 5. Number of scales and granules between symphysis of chin-shields and median collar-plate. 6. Number of femoral pores (on right and left sides, if differing). 7. Number of subdigital lamellee under the fourth toe. 8. Number of postnasals. 9. Number of anterior loreals. Habitat. Southern Sweden, Denmark, England, France (absent from the West), Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, Germany, Austria-Hungary, North-Western Russia, from Southern Finland to Poland. Highest altitude in the Alps, 1300 m. Generally distributed in the central parts of Europe, it becomes more local to the West. The British localities where its presence has been ascertained are in Surrey, Sussex, Hampshire, Berkshire, Dorsetshire, and Lancashire. Var. SPINALIS Werner. Lacerta agilis, var. spinalis Werner, Rept. Amph. Oesterr.-Ung. p. 39 (1897). Lacerta agilis Kolombatovic, Zool. Vij. Dalmat. p. xx. (1900); Werner, Wiss. Mitth. Bosn. Herzegov. x. 1907, p. 658. Lacerta agilis, var. bosnica Schreib. Herp. Hur. ed. 2, pp. 483, 944 (1912). Schreiber’s var. bosnica is founded on the presence of a single postnasal and a single anterior loreal (“‘ Das obere Postnasale mit dem Frenale zu einem einzigen hohen Schildchen verschmolzen”’) in specimens from Bosnia, a condition which occurs ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. 27 but exceptionally in the typical form. In his notes on L. agilis from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Werner mentions that out of 38 cases examined, one postnasal and one anterior loreal occurs 25 times; in 6 cases there are one postnasal and two superposed anterior loreals, in 2 cases two postnasals and two anterior loreals, in 3 two postnasals and no anterior loreal, and in 2 one postnasal and no anterior loreal. One postnasal and one anterior loreal, a combination which is very exceptional in the typical form and never occurs in the var. exigua, is therefore the rule in this variety. The two specimens examined by me are here tabulated :— 5 2. 3. 4. D. 6 fe Sy ao, MEPUORMIMGA Goria ose Uli oa, 29 sake al i a a » Babaplanina, Herzeg. . 67 35 30 Ski eles) 2s The number of scales is below the average in the typical form, the dorsal scales are not abruptly differentiated from the dorso-laterals, and Werner refers to the large size of the outer ventral plates—a character, however, not shown by the specimens before me, to the low number of gular scales (13 to 16) and of femoral pores (11 to 13). In one of his specimens the occipital is absent and the rostral is in contact with the frontonasal. Otherwise the proportions and the lepidosis are as in the typical form, and so is the coloration, except for the median light spots being confluent to form a vertebral streak (var. spinalis of Werner), which, according to Schreiber, is but exceptionally interrupted. Some specimens are said to have the back uniform red or reddish brown, without any markings, as we occasionally find in the typical form and the following variety. Schreiber regards the Bosnian Lizard as more nearly related to the var. exigua, to which it has actually been referred by Boettger (Katal. Rept. Mus. Senckenb. i. p. 82). Habitat. Dinaric Alps (up to 2000 m.), Mountains of Bosnia and Herzegovina (up to 1500 m.), and probably Bulgaria. Var. CHERSONENSIS Andrzej. Lacerta chersonensis Andrzejowski, N. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mose. (2) ii. 1832, p. 327. Lacerta viridis, var. a, Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 434 (1875). Lacerta agilis, var., Kiritzescu, Bul. Soc. Se. Buear. x. 1901, p. 308. As pointed out by Kiritzescu, the Roumanian specimens from the Carpathian district do not differ in any respect from the typical form, whilst the others, which I refer to the var. chersonensis, approach the var. exigua and also L. viridis. The head is a little smaller than in the typical form, being contained 4 to 44 times in length to vent in males, One postnasal followed by one anterior loreal, as in the var. spinalis, is frequent (18 cases out of 38), but there are often two postnasals, followed by one or two anterior loreals; one postnasal and two anterior loreals, E 2 28 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS forming a triangle, as in the typical form, is the exception (7 cases); postnasal or postnasals never in contact with the frontonasal. As in the var. evigua the length of the suture between the nasals varies from one-third to two-thirds the length of the frontonasal, which is often as broad as the internarial space. Frontal 14 to 2 times as long as broad, sometimes not broader than the major supraoculars. Occipital usually shorter than the interparietal. Subocular much narrower beneath than above. Shields on the temple smaller than the average in the typical form ; tympanic usually indistinct. Scales a little smaller, on an average, than in the typical form, more as in var. ewigua (17 to 21 along the throat, 38 to 46 across the Text-figure 8. Young Lacerta agilis, var. chersonensis, from Zorleni, Moldavia. body), those on the vertebral area much narrower than the dorso-laterals, as in the typical form. Ventrals usually in 6 longitudinal series. Preanal plate large, as in the typical form. Femoral pores more numerous (14 to 18, rarely 13), as in var. evigua. According to Kiritzescu, the tail is sometimes nearly twice as long as head and body. The markings are very variable. Some specimens (PI. II. fig. 2) have a dark brown vertebral band, measuring $ to 3 the width of the pileus, bearing black spots, in one or two series or irregular, or bordered on each side by a more or less distinct light ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS, 29 line; that this light line is the superciliary streak of Méhely is shown by its condition in one male specimen from Zorleni, Roumania, in which, after having followed the outer border of the occiput, it suddenly turns at an angle towards the middle of the nape, as is also the case in certain specimens of the typical form; the dark vertebral band is sometimes divided by a continuous or interrupted light median streak; the sides show two or three lateral series of black and white ocellar spots, of which the upper are the largest, as in the typical form. ‘Two specimens from Bucarest correspond to Andrzejowski’s L. chersonensis*, the analogue of the so-called var. rubra of the typical form, the back between the upper lateral series of ocelli being uniform reddish brown, a little darker in the middle; vestiges of the superciliary light streak are visible on the nape, and preserve their primitive course as a series of whitish dots above the lateral ocelli (Pl. Il. fig. 1), thus showing the displacement described above to be in relation with the black vertebral spots. The ground-colour is grey or brown above in females, green in males, all over or except on the head and vertebral band. Belly greenish in males, profusely speckled with black, yellowish in females, uniform or scantily speckled with black. The markings of the young vary as much as those of the adult, and the light vertebral streak is likewise exceptional. Some young are highly suggestive, at first glance, of striated specimens of 1. muralis, vars. campestris and fiumana; but what one would take to represent the light “dorsal” streaks of Méhely are in reality the “ superciliaries,” which extend likewise along the upper surface of the tail. Measurements (in millimetres) :— alc 2. 3. 4. 5. From end of snout to vent . . 80 7 76 76 69 7 & » forelimb. 31 28 27 25 22 Ibenpthiotmhead), 5) y. - 20 18 19 16 15 Wad thnot beaden.ns semen ye) mermeels: 12 13 11 10 Depthref head... fe) we 12 lL 12 10 9 Devore This MAP eg hy oe Sete ae) 24 24 23 20 Etindulimnbe =-f even sk we pernenroO 33 35 29 LT GOLEM Utharen sta css ce ck ee Re) 18 17 16 1) iRavlinuewr te ch. ts St kee —— 115 130 115 110 1,2. g,Kiew. 3. 6, Zorleni. 4. 2, Zorleni. 5. 9, St. George. * “Corpus fuscum: supra unicolor immaculatum, ad utrinque latus maculis irregularibus nigris versus abdomen decrescentibus, lineisque albidis interruptis tribus pictum.” The name is therefore not a strict synonym of Kessler’s yar. orientalis, as believed by Bedriaga. + Kiritzescu confirms for this variety Bedriaga’s observation on the var. doniensis that the green colour of the males is not seasonal, as in the typical form, but is preserved throughout the year. Some male specimens examined by him have lost all traces of the stripes and ocelli, and are uniform green or green speckled with black, such specimens corresponding to the so-called varieties concolor and punctata of L. viridis. 30 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS Particulars of Specimens examined. Me 2. 3. 4, 5. 6. ths sh |) ey 6° 6 o 0 oo sie tell) 4EE “Ry MO alk (i eiisyhs als) 1 1-2 = _ ieee eye a) eee ema 42 Dae role ON ala. 20) A 1 3 35 een EA LCi 40) 26) eliO a9 W6=1o 18" 2) 23 9. St. George, Danube Delta. 69 38 30 11 21 16-15 22 2 1 6. Zorleni, Moldavia . . . 76 40 25 ls) 14 206 Pea: i ‘3 A Upi ) ZB OX MO RSS IGE yO ale ak ‘ “ (i ais XG a sy ly A) ar ats is 66 HOU WE a1t OCOD sh oo oan a 80. 42 29. WOn 80 at work al 39 A , Ss fon 4359 928 milf) AL eA 2: oD, Lie: | Aj, A265 2d LO 20 ap 142 1 iL ee © Pais AB eo M0 67 Aieaieage so < h S040 AB DED) OTE ga ODN meng 23 i. . Bye a PAS) aI alte) | Wty 9) il DEI wae i, 33 939. 96: wile alpli7l meas RON mine oa AIS thes i 33.0, Adie D8. pallid ely wmIenoy ol Siem tie 3. Bucarest Hp 22 25) 3) ts) 14 20) eZee | ae “3 yh) aL ll) TA 20g als el icc Ae ee C) 2X0) 15 20 1-2 2 The numbers heading the columns are explained under the Table on p. 26. Habitat. Southern Russia along the Dnieper and westwards; Roumania, south and east of the Carpathians. Var. EXIGUA Hichw. Lacerta europea, part., Pallas, Zoogr. Ross.-As. ii. p. 29 (1811). Lacerta agilis Lichtenst. in Eversm. Reise Orenb. Buch. p. 140 (1823); Eversm. Nouy. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mose. iii. 1834, p. 341; Kulagin, Isvest. Mose. Univ. lvi. 2, 1888, p. 4, figs. Lacerta exiqua Kichw. Zool. Spee. iii. p. 188 (1831). Lacerta sylvicola Eversm. t. ce. p. 344, pl. xxxi. fig. 3. Lacerta viridis (non Laur.) Rathke, Mém. Say. Etr. Ac. St. Pétersb. iii. 1837, p. 299. Lacerta viridis, var. colchica Kichw. Faun. Casp.-Cauce. p. 66 (1841). Lacerta stirpium Hichw. op. cit. p. 67. Zootoca exigua Kichw. op. cit. p. 71, pl. x. figs. 1-3. Nueras ? exiqua Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 34 (1845). Lacerta agilis, var. dilepis Lichtenst. Nomenel. Rept. Mus. Berol. p. 14 (1856). Lacerta donensis Bedriaga, Bnsteh. d. Farb. Hidechs. p. 14 (1874). Lacerta viridis, var. g, Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 442 (1875). Lacerta agilis, var. orientalis Kessl. Tr. St. Petersb. Nat. Soe. viii. 1878, p. 150. Lacerta agilis, vars. chersonensis, doniensis Bedriaga, Abh. Senck. Ges. xiv. 1886, pp. 146, 151. Lacerta paradowa (non Razoum.) Bedriaga, t. ¢. p. 170, pl. —. fig. 23. ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. Bil! Lacerta agilis, var. exigua Bouleng. Cat. Liz. iii. p. 21 (1887) ; Nikolsky, Fedtschenko’s Reise, Zool. ii. pt. vii. p. 31 (1899) ; Méhely, in Zichy, Zool. Ergebn. 3. Asiat. Forschungsr. ii. p. 51, pl. vii. (1901) ; Lindholm, Zool. Gart. xliii. 1902, p. 24; Nikolsky, Herp. Ross. p. 104 (1905) ; Bedriaga, Wiss. Res. Przewalski Reis., Amph. Rept. p. 755 (1912); Schreib. Herp. Eur. ed. 2, p. 480 (1912). Lacerta agilis, var. altaica Kashschenko, Rezult. Altaisk. Eksp. Str. p. 116 (1899) ; Cugunoy, Aun. Mus. Zool. St. Petersb. xvi. 1911, p. 231, pl. iv. Lacerta agilis, vars. colchica, eremioides, concolor Schreib. op. cit. p. 482. The proportions are the same as in the typical form, but the length of the head in males is contained 54 to 43 times in the length to vent and the pileus is 2 to 2} times as long as broad. ‘Tail sometimes up to 14 times length of head and body. Nearly always two superposed postnasals, followed by one or, more frequently, two superposed anterior loreals, or anterior loreal absent*. The suture between the nasals usually longer, $ to # the.length of the frontonasal, which is usually as broad as or a little broader than the internarial space +. First supraocular sometimes very small, or even almost reduced to a granule, and not touching the second loreal $. Superciliaries sometimes reduced to two or three). Temporal lepidosis very variable, sometimes consisting of a few large shields, sometimes of small, almost granular scales || ; tympanic often indistinct; the two upper temporals, of which the first is nearly always much longer than the second, usually less broad, sometimes but narrowly in contact with the fourth supraocular, or even not touching that shield §. Occipital small or very small, sometimes minute. 5 anterior upper labials is very exceptional. 15 to 25 (usually 17 to 20) gular scales. 8 to 15 (usually 9 to 12) plates in the collar. 34 to 52 scales across the middle of the body, usually 40 to49. In some specimens the scales on the vertebral region are much narrower and abruptly differentiated from the * Out of 150 cases, 2 postnasals and 2 anterior loreals occur 61 times; 2 postnasals and 1 anterior loreal 36 times; 2 postnasals and no anterior loreal 39 times; 1 postnasal and 2 anterior loreals 14 times ; the upper or the lower part of the anterior loreal sometimes fused with one of the postnasals (this is expressed in the table by 3). Specimens with these and other head-shields abnormally multiplied by division have been figured by Cugunoy, J. c. t+ Narrower in specimens from Moseow, Tomsk, Novorossik, Urkatch, Ala Tau, Lepsinskaja Staniza, Altai; in contact with both postnasal and anterior loreal in 5 specimens (Ielenowka, Vladikaukas, Lepsins- kaja Staniza, R. Kungess). {In 14 specimens. It is curious to read that Bedriaga (/. c. p. 185) regarded this condition as more characteristic of L. viridis. § Specimens from R. Kungess. A female from Vladikaukas is exceptional in having a series of 8-10 granules between the superciliaries and the supraoculars. According to Bedriaga, a series of granules may be present in specimens from the Volga district. Otherwise, I have never found more than one or two granules. || Male from Altyn Emel, and male from Ielenowka. {| In the types of Z. paradowa (P1. II. fig. 9) and in a male from Batum. 32 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS dorso-laterals, as in the typical form, whilst in others, often from the same locality, the dorso-laterals are only a little broader than the mid-dorsals, and as this peculiarity is usually accompanied by an increase in the number of scales across the body (45 to 52), the scaling of such specimens does not differ in any way from that of a typical L. viridis. he ventral plates are usually in 6 rows; if in 8, the outer plates are usually very narrow ; in some specimens the differentiation between the ventral plates and the lateral scales is quite abrupt. Preanal plate usually smaller than in the typical form (its length equal to or less than its distance from the anterior femoral pores), bordered by two semicircles of scales, two of which in front of the plate are often much enlarged and plate-like *, as figured on Pl. II. fig. 8, or even fused to one plate as large as the praanal, as in the type figured by Eichwald. Femoral pores rather more numerous, 12 to 18 on each side 7, usually 13 to 16. 30 to 36 caudal scales in the fourth or fifth whorl. Young, brown above, constantly with three light, sometimes black-edged, well- defined longitudinal streaks ; the median begins behind the occipital shield and ends on the base of the tail, the lateral usually extends from the fourth supraocular to near the end of the tail, or, losing its connexion with the superciliary border, from the outer third of the parietal shield. ‘Three or four whitish lateral streaks, or series of whitish black-edged ocellar spots on each side, the two upper originating on the side of the head, as figured on p. 13. ; These markings usually persist in the adult, with the addition of a series of large squarish or irregular dark brown or black spots between the light dorsal lines (PI. II. figs. 5, 6), which may be edged with black (PI. II. fig. 4). In males, which are often green all over, and permanently, including the light dorsal streaks, the spots may be accompanied by numerous black dots (Pl. II. fig. 8). Some specimens lose more or less completely the markings and are uniform green above, or green finely speckled with black as we often see in Z. viridis. Females are usually grey or brown, but sometimes green like the males{. A female from Minussinsk, Yeniseisk (PI. II. fig. 7) is pale reddish brown, with a yellowish vertebral streak and a bluish-grey dorso-lateral band ; only scanty vestiges of the ocellar spots on the sides. Schreiber describes a var. concolor, uniform olive-brown. Lower parts yellowish or greenish white, or yellow, uniform or dotted with black, the dots usually more profusely distributed in males than in females. * ¢ Scuta analia 1-3,” Bedriaga, J. c. 1886. + Up to 20 according to Rathke; 10 to 16, usually 12 to 15, according to Cugunov, who has tabulated the variations in 89 specimens from the Ilanskaia district on the Trans-Siberian Railway. + According to Bedriaga, wholly green specimens (var. doniensis Bedr.) are so in both sexes in Southern European Russia, whilst in Transcaucasia and in the Kirghiz Steppes the females are brown. A similar colour-dimorphism in females, according to districts, appears to occur also in L, viridis. ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. Measurements (in millimetres) :— From end of snout to vent . > ” 9 Headiaea. )- Width of head . Depth of head Fore limb. Hind limb Foot Tail . fore limb . 20 140 1. g, Suchum Kaleh (type of ZL. paradowa). Bee ae Li, 3. Suchum Kaleh . ” ah Urkatsch. . Moscow . ” m6 . Charkoy . . Saratov ” . Dongus . . Ural . Astrachan Viadikaukas ” . Novorossik . lelenovka . Batum Van Kirghiz Steppes Ilek R. Altyn-Emel - Kungess R. . ” - d. 3, Saratov. Lepsinkaja Staniza Particulars of Specimens examined. 90 45 VOL. XXI.— PART I. No. 5.— June, 1916. 3, 27 30 bo bo b&b br & bd bt bb WW DO DO DD OW tw DOW DS Wb SOO NNN A MOAI ABMBHAONADOMH mH * 2. g, R. Kungess. 6. ¢, Tian Shan Mts. 24 33 17 135 bho e bo bo bo WwW tO Sos we eH me & bo 25 34 18 130 132 3. fo, Ielenovka. 7. 9, Viadikaukas, Cancasus. bo oa bo or Sb bt bt bt bo — Ke bo bo bo po bo bo bd eK bO bo bh bt bo bo OF bo bh bo bo tO LO bo OW bw LO bo 1} BS eR eR SO ie Ob <—* a4 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS ls 2. 3. LO 6. Tou St 9. 6. Lepsinkaja Staniza . . 89 41 27 s) lle 16 18 2-1 0-2 > >” pian OC 26 ele 8) S14 20 See P. *) 5 o we 4 at | i) aly 16 19 2 #90 ” » SL 40 929 13 8 B12) a2 4 ” » yk PR) al aly ae 2 ” ” Ge} 2) a) EI A 2 2 » : ee eee oe 28) sl 920i) A= ee? 02 ” 7 soo) «6G UES) aL) ES 2) do. Semipolatinsk-Ajagus . 87 40 26 os 15 18 2 3-2 ” ” cee wie AO eo Pyle 20 15 Li al 2 » 9 5 oy Eh) AD) 15 20 eel 2 Ye valerie WEEE 2 Nige a mp athobe ere ail) 9, 205 313-150 20a 2 eOurkatsch! Qs075 = 15. 805 3455 £29 9 20 14 Ue i g. x0 6 oo Oo go a (OB) SO a) OK) 14 20 2 0 poe SLOMISIG aries ols en 09) tO) 530) TODN22 2 SITS eas eae 2 39 99 S60 6 6 6 ey 2 Sl I 2 Ie 2 sp Wimrsmlis 6 6 5 5 o Wb 4 BS a0 i Weiss Pl 2 ileY Gove o 6 6 a 5 a O) a By i) is) ee) og) 2 2 » os B65 6 oo 5 240 Fi ali oly SME i y sf WUOpPSais, c ef aes Gees 2S eee te 15 ie) x GE Eee Comm. Sn teson Ga ieee SAE eee we bee! 36 33 10 USa ye L677 19 ¢. Berchetti Mandum . . 50 38 27 8 20 16-17 21 n é jn 4a 30° 89 19 23 i i AGL LIT, 2. Oe 8G! 1G-90rk wos EATICOLG bs va), « 55 38 30 9 18 17 21 ie 53° 40, 29. 9 48. sz ad we HOR Asides py qr male: Gime 16 21 . Sif aie west eilaa 1'C ee F790 ae SO, hts A OT) do MM Leia LG Es. 190 Adee 501. ae Seeds ReaD Le 17 20 Or eh 33 VA ee er} 35 H 8 Wi 14 20 a $3 er oes dc OS RES 32 i) 17 15-14 21 Fait Te ne ee ee ee | A FP 47 38 3 9 Lid 16 20 Table as for 1. agilis, p. 26, but without columns 8 and 9, the number of postnasals and anterior loreal being constantly 2.1. 40 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS Habitat. Steppes of Eastern Asia Minor, from Eski-Shihir to Kaisarieh. I am indebted to M. H. Gadeau de Kerrville for the privilege of examining a good series of specimens recently obtained by him in the district of Angora, where this lizard occurs together with the far commoner Ophiops elegans, some individuals of which are strikingly similar to Lacerta parva in their proportions, coloration, and general appearance. The species is also reported from ‘Transcaucasia (L. Goksha), but the identification of the specimens requires confirmation, and it is quite possible that the report is due to confusion with another form,.intermediate between Z. parva and LL. brandtii. Il—THE SPECIES ALLIED TO ZACERTA MURALIS. Synopsis of the Species. I. Normally a single postnasal *. A. Pterygoid teeth constantly, or nearly constantly, present. A series of granules between the supraoculars and the superciliaries (rarely reduced to 2 to 5); collar serrated ; caudal scales more or less spoutedibehimd(> =: .) 0-0 4. a Rais ae) eee eee See itanca meal Granules between the supraoculars and the superciliaries absent (rarely 1 to 3); collar not serrated; caudal scales truncate or very obtusely pointed behind." .<) \c" (even ta vote) ee tr) bo so, Pee ae ee ie peloponnesiaca Bibr. B. Pterygoid teeth absent, with rare exceptions; collar entire or feebly serrated, rarely strongly serrated. A parietal foramen f ; dorsal scales, if distinctly hexagonal and keeled, not larger than the laterals; ventral plates in 6 (exceptionly 8) longitudinal series". 729 oe. ee ee, ee erro n A parietal foramen ; dorsal scales more or less distinctly hexagonal and keeled, larger than the laterals ; ventral plates in 6 longitudinal series ; collar distinctly serrated ; 27 to 32 lamellar scales under the Fourth t00'< 1) = eo el eee es fe fe ee Ae ee ee aeehioonieier Bler. No parietal foramen ; ventral plates in 8 longitudinal series ; collar not or but slightly serrated ; 22 to 26 lamellar scales under the fourth toe L. jacksonii Bler. II. Normally two superposed postnasals t ; collar not or but feebly serrated. A. Pterygoid teeth constantly or nearly constantly present. Ventral plates in 8 longitudinal rows ; masseteric shield present ; 50 to 59 scales across the middle of the body, smooth ; 25 or 26 lamellar Sealegiunder the tourthitoe | © ce) 5) Meee Sn cue nalb rani DewEnIP Exceptions rather frequent in Z. muralis, var. bedriage. Indicated externally by an impression or a light dot in the centre of the interparietal shield. Exceptions rather frequent in Z. mosorensis. ++ x ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. 4] Ventral plates in 6 (rarely 8) longitudinal rows; masseteric shield large ; 49 to 62 scales across the middle of the body, keeled ; 27 to 35 lamellar scales under the fourth toe . . . .. .. . =. . JL. levis Gray. Ventral plates in 8 longitudinal rows; temple covered with minute granules, which are smaller than the dorsal scales; 85 to 95 scales across the middle of the body, smooth or faintly keeled ; 29 or 30 lamellar scales under the fourth toe . . . . . ee ee ee Le jayakari Bigr. B. Pterygoid teeth absent, with rare exceptions. 1. A large upper temporal. 52 to 66 scales across the middle of the body ; median subcaudal scales not enlarged; 27 to 32 lamellar scales under the fourth toe . . . ZL. danfordii Gthr. 59 to 75 scales across the middle of the body ; median subeaudal seales strongly enlarged, the largest at least twice as broad as long ; 22 to 26 lamellar scales under the fourth toe . . . . . . . « « « LL. oxycephala D. & B. 36 to 45 seales across the middle of the body ; median subcaudal scales feebly enlarged ; 22 to 25 lamellar scales under the fourth toe . . £L. mosorensis Kolomb. 2. Upper temporal and masseteric shields absent; 54 to 81 scales across the middle of the body. . . . .... . ~. . J. dugesii M.-Edw. The division into two groups according to the presence of one or of two postnasal shields is merely for convenience *. It does not express the true relationships, as | regard LZ. dugesii as more nearly related to Z. muralis than to the species with which it is associated in this key. ‘To remove the difficulties imposed by the necessity of a serial arrangement, and to convey the affinities as I conceive them, the following diagram has been drawn up :— L. chlorogaster. L, jacksonii. L. jayakari. L. levis, L. danfordii. L. oxycephala. eS See a Peta es _Al Ee hereae | | = L. dugesit. | : L. muralis. : —— L. mosorensis. L. taurica. L. peloponnesiaca, L. brandtii. L, agilis, —L, parva. LACERTA TAURICA. Lacerta taurica, Pallas, Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii, p. 30 (1811) ; Rathke, Mém. Sav. Etr. Ac. St. Pétersb. iii. 1837, p. 302, pl. ii. figs. 1-4; Demidoff, Voy. Russ. Mér. iii. p. 337, pl. i. figs. 1, 2 (1842) ; Kessler, Tr. St. Petersb. Nat. Soc. viii. 1878, p. 163 ; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. * As stated in the Introduction (p. 6), I take the single postnasal to be the more primitive; but, although the division of the shield into two has become fixed in the forms which I regard as evolved out of Z. parva, I can see no reason for rejecting the possibility of a reversion by fusion to a single shield, as the tendency in L. mosorensis shows. VOL. XXI.—PART I. No. 6.—June, 1916. G 42 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS 1881, p. 740; Bedriaga, Abh. Senck. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 320, pl.—. fig. 28; Bouleng. Cat. Liz. iii. p. 26 (1887) ; Werner, Wiss. Mitth. Bosn. Herzeg. vi. 1899, p. 833; Kiritzescu, Bul. Soc. Se. Bucarest, x. 1901, p. 314; Méhely, Allat. Késlem. i. 1902, p. 58; Lehrs, Zool. Anz. 1902, p. 231; Nikolsky, Herp. Ross. p. 127 (1905); Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p- 557, pl. xxx.; Schreib. Herp. Eur. ed. 2, p. 439 (1912). Lacerta taurica, part., Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. v. p. 225 (1839) ; Schreib. Herp. Hur. p. 419 (1875). Podareis taurica Bonap. Icon. Faun. Ital., Anf. (1841). Zootoca taurica, part., Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 29 (1845). Podarcis taurica, part., De Betta, Rett. Anf. Grec. p. 35 (1868). Lacerta muralis neapolitana, part., Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1881, p. 99, and Abh. Senck. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 220. Lacerta peloponnesiaca (non Bibr.) Werner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xliv. 1894, p. 228, and Zool. Anz. 1895, p. 470. Lacerta muralis (non Laur.) Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1889, p. 270. Lacerta ionica Lehrs, Zool. Anz. 1902, p. 232 ; Schreib. op. cit. ed. 2, p. 436. Head rather small, 4 to 44 times in length to vent in males, 4} to 42 times in females, as deep as broad or not much broader than deep, 14 to 13 times as long as broad, exceptionally 1? times*; occipital region convex ; the depth of the head, in the tympanic region, equal to or a little greater than the distance between the anterior corner of the eye and the anterior border of the tympanum ; snout obtusely pointed, with straight or slightly convex upper profile, as long as the distance between the eye and the tympanum. Neck as broad as the head, or a little narrower or a little broader. Body feebly or moderately depressed. Hind limb reaching the axil, the shoulder, or the collar in males, the wrist or the elbow of the adpressed fore limb in females; foot as long as the head or a little longer (not more than 1} times). ‘Tail cylindrical, 13 to slightly over 2 times the length of head and body. Nostril pierced between the nasal, a postnasal, the first upper labial, and nearly always the rostral. Nasals forming a short suture behind the rostral ¢; frontonasal much broader than long {; frontal as long as or shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, 1} to 13 times as long as broad, nearly as broad, behind, as the major supraoculars ; parietals 1} to 14 times as long as broad, with straight or convex outer border, nearly always in contact with the upper postocular §; occipital very variable in shape, usually shorter than the interparietal ||, sometimes fused with it or separated by a small shield. Major supraoculars equal or first a little the longer; 5 or 6 * Ina male from Nision, Greece. + In a female from Nision, Greece, the frontonasal forms a suture with the rostral; in a male from Cephalonia the nasal is in contact with the anterior loreal, above the postnasal. ¢ Broken up into four shields in a female from Bazias. § Except in a male from Budapest-Franzstadt. || As long as the interparietal in a few specimens from Greece and the Ionian Islands. ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. 45 superciliaries, first or second longest, the suture between the first and second usually oblique, sometimes vertical; an incomplete series of granules between the supra- oculars and the superciliaries, the first superciliary being constantly in contact with the second supraocular, the granules sometimes minute or reduced to 2 to 5 *. Rostral entering the nostril, often largely f; postnasal single {; anterior loreal much shorter than second; 4 upper labials anterior to the subocular §, the lower border of which is shorter than the upper. Scutellation of the temple very variable, the two extremes (text-fig. 9) approaching Z. agilis and L. muralis, var. campestris, respectively ; masseteric and tympanic shields usually distinct, the former sometimes very large and in contact with the upper temporals, of which there are usually 2 or 3 ||. Pterygoid teeth nearly always present. 19 to 28 scales and granules in a straight line between the symphysis of the chin- shields and the median collar-plate ; gular fold always well marked. Collar formed Text-figure 9. Side-views of heads of male Lacerta taurica: a. Roumania; 6. Cephalonia. (From P. Z. 8. 1907, p. 558, text-fig. 162.) of 8 to 12 plates (usually 9 to 11), the edge more or less distinctly serrated; the extremes of serration are shown on text-fig. 10, representing two female specimens, one (a) from Sebastopol, the other (2) from Cephalonia, but these figures are not meant to convey the impression that the serration is generally stronger in the typical form than in the var. ionica. Scales on body juxtaposed, oval or oval-hexagonal, very small and more or less diagonally keeled on the back, larger and smooth or very feebly keeled towards the ventrals. Exceptionally the scales on the back may be almost perfectly round granules, * In specimens from Crimea, Bulgaria, Hungary, Cephalonia, and Corfu. + I bave observed only two exceptions (female from Szabadka and female from Corfu), in which the rostral is narrowly separated from the nostril. ~ Two superposed postnasals in a male from Nision, § 5 on one side in afemale from Szabadka and in another from Rutshuk ; three on each side in a male from Cephalonia, || Ouly one in a male from Szabadka. 44 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS with a feeble straight keel * or even almost without a trace of a keel f. Ina male from Rakos, Hungary, which has very strongly keeled dorsal scales, and in another from Corfu, the scales on the flanks, right down to the ventral plates, show a feeble yet distinct keel. ‘The number of scales across the body varies from 42 to 61 ¢; on the flanks, 3 or alternately 2 and 3 series of scales correspond to a ventral plate ; 36 to 50 scales, in the middle of the back, correspond to the length of the head. Ventral plates in 6, exceptionally 8 §, longitudinal and 25 to 32 transverse series (25 to 29 in males, 25 to 32 in females) ; the platessof the second series from the median line usually much broader than the others. Preanal plate moderately large or rather small, with 2 or 3 semicircles of small plates or scales, one or two of the median plates of the inner semicircle sometimes considerably enlarged. Text-figure 10. Peay . SO Wy a LEE Lower views of heads of female Lacerta taurica: a. Sebastopol; b. Cephalonia, (From P, Z. 8. 1907, p. 563, text-fig. 164.) Scales on upper surface of tibia usually smaller than dorsals, more or less distinctly keeled. 22 to 29 lamellar scales under the fourth toe. Femoral pores 15 to 20 (usually 16 to 19) in the typical form |], 15 to 25 (usually 18 to 21) in the specimens from Greece and the Ionian Islands (var. conica). Caudal scales oblique, more or less obtusely pointed behind, the upper strongly keeled, the lower smooth or feebly keeled ; the whorls subequal in length; 30 to 37 scales in the fourth or fifth whorl behind the postanal granules. * Females from Crimea and Szabadka. + Female from Rutshuk. $ 42 is exceptional and occurs only in one female from L. Stymphalos, two males from the same locality having 50 and 59 respectively. 48 to 55 is the usual number in the typical form, 52 to 60 in the var. ionica. § Ina male from Greci, in a male from Constantinople, in a female from Bazias, and in a male froin Tyrias-Mykena. || 15 to 22, according to Kessler. or ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. 4 This species has been divided into two, L. taurica, from the countries bordering the north and west of the Black Sea, extending westwards to Budapest, and Z. ‘enica, from Greece and the Ionian Islands. Although the extremes are rather different in form and coloration, they are so completely linked as to render a good definition of LZ. tonica impossible, and I have therefore reduced the latter to the rank of variety, characterized, in its most accentuated form, by a rather longer head with less convex snout, rather longer hind limbs, more numerous femoral pores, and especially by the coloration. As I regard the Greek-Ionian lizard, in which a vertebral series of black spots sometimes persists, as the more primitive, its coloration is here dealt with first. Green on the head and neck and on the back, brown on the sides of the body, with a more or less distinct light streak along each side of the back, usually with black spots above and below it, these spots sometimes large, more usually small ; a vertebral Text-figure 11. OS UPS ae > — Head and anterior part of body of Lacerta taurica. a. 9, Roumania; b. ¢, Hungary; c. ¢, Roumania. (From P.Z.8. 1907, p. 565, text-fig. 165.) series of small black spots occasionally present (Pl. III. fig. 5); a more or less distinct ocellar spot with blue centre sometimes present above the shoulder ; a pale brown or golden colour forms spots or a band on each side of the posterior part of the body and on the base of the tail; a more or less distinct light streak from below the eye to the thigh; fore limbs green, hind limbs and tail brownish grey with light spots. Some specimens are unspotted (var. o/ivicolor Schreiber) uniform green, with the sides of the body partly or entirely reddish brown, or green aboye and olive-brown on the sides, with a whitish dorso-lateral line (PI. III. fig. 6), Belly greenish or yellowish white, or pale yellow, with pale blue spots on the outer ventral plates, which may also bear small black spots. In the typical form (text-fig. 11, a) a brown shade predominates on the upper parts, with the exception of a more or less broad vertebral stripe, which is of a more or less bright green ; a light streak may extend from the outer border of the parietal shield to {6 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS the base of the tail and another from below the eye to the groin (PI. III. figs. 3 & 4); the sides of the body outside the green area are more or less spotted or marbled with black, and the black spots may extend across or over the light dorso-lateral streaks, which often entirely disappear, especially in males (PI. III. fig. 2); a few black spots may be present in the middle of the green area on the nape. In some specimens * the black markings predominate over the ground-colour (text-fig. 11, 4, and Pl. IJ. fig. 1) and enclose small whitish spots, whilst in others they are large and few, forming two or three regular series on each side of the body, or small and numerous, or with the upper series confluent into a wavy line bordering inwards the light dorso-lateral streak $; in the latter case, the green dorsal area is much broadened, and such specimens (text-fig. 11, ¢) approach the var. tonica, ‘The lower parts are white, yellow, or deep orange, without spots or with small black spots on the sides; pale blue spots are present on the outer ventral plates and just above them. ‘The dark and light spots on the tail combine to form a more or less distinct but ill-defined striation. In its markings the typical form is often very suggestive of certain specimens of L. viridis (so-called var. bilineata). Measurements (in millimetres) :— ile 2. 3. 4, 5. 6. From end of snout to vent . . . . 80 75 68 68 63 61 ‘. sh ome Ian) 5 5 2M) 29 26 24 22 22 licad!’” aVaks Gyo tee Borne ates tev cue EO) 1y 16 15 14 14 Wil @cnecl 5 a 6 @ & o 6.6 Ie iit 10 9 9 8 Wepihvolhead iy. sy-mer ts | eaernnmeele iil g) 8 8 8 ADoressibinlods Go 0 clo eee oo 40) 23 20 20 18) 17 Jabtevslittinley 9 G Wap iis, 0. -ee oa) “eu ess 43 41 33 BL 30 Pat Hoot Aaa eck hays Coven ices Sante Psi eee ts 22 18 16 16 14 Maile A, % SMR so eee eta ee were em) = 1) Oy 10 90 1,2. g, Nision, Morea. 3. ¢,Roumania. 4. 9, Nision, Morea. 5. ¢, L.Stymphalos, Morea. 6. 9, Rakos, Hungary. Particulars of Specimens examined. 1 ee (Ole an eee ers Caan Forma TYPICA. 9. Crimea. ee in My, 63 54 30 9 Wey A=) D7 5, Jako, Gin 5 6 6 5A 49 32 9 22 ili7s 24 yn ELEISIONIOlS 569 5 6 6 0 Oe 51 30 9 23 1G 24. 5 3 SP Gaeta thom ache 48 al 9 PX) ee ome) Wer) Bio INOUE 5 9a 5 6 oo = (eke 52 29 11 24 Ib =5. 25 » Dobrudja, Roumania . . 67 50 26 9 il: 18 ii > >» 1H Ss 62 48 rat 5 26 bo S | me (to) at — ~~ 2 * Males from Hungary. + Male from Roumania. +0 OY ’ > ” ” ” . L. Stymphalos, a ” ” or 7 FP 3. Nision, 2 ” ”? [ ” 39° >] Sue ” 7 ” ” > g. Cephalonia ” ” ” ” g. x ” ” = = o. Corfu ” ” 99 ” 3 x ” 3” Oy +40 O 4 A +0 BD, 40 O, ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. . Dobrudja, Roumania ” bh) . Greci, Roumania . Rutshuk, Bulgaria . ” ” . Bazias, Hungary ” 99 . Budapest-Franzstadt ” ” . Rakos, near Budapest . ” 3° . Tzabadka, Hungary ” ” . Constantinople Var. IONICA. . Prevesa, Epirus * 33: b) . Tyrins to Mykena, Morea . * Preserved in the Senckenberg Museum (cf. Boulenger, Tr. Z. 8. 65 69 63 64 58 63 80 75 70 68 66 70 63 63 67 66 56 70 67 67 67 67 65 53 55 57 Co bo nonrnr o] bo bo bo tO CO fo =P COs 22. Mi-l6 25 25 ko—l6 2s Dombi wo 21 15 22 De LO LO aio 22 17-18 23 21 16 22 24 20-19 25 26 mil 27 20 18-19 23 91 19-20 23 21 18 25 93 21-20 26 21 Sie 25 19 17-18 24 25) 1 20=2109 229 22> A9=200 27 20 20 26 22 20 25 23 20-21 25 28 23-25 25 21 24-25 44 24 20 26 25 23-22 28 92, 22=93 29 24 21-22 27 23 21-22 27 22 21-19 28 21 19-18 25 21 21 25 23 20-19 24 23 21 25 xx. 1915, p. 164). 48 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS a cee et 6. 7. aCoctu. 0 2 mee es G5, Be 6; a ON eas oi ie) See ee Ie 63> See ou 1? 022 ie Sipmmoe UR) | ee se Ch ek SRM REOR i. © OB é 63 52 26 Oi 22. 719 yeas Co) Se ae Pee On OES, oy ea) ee) ee ee oO Gy amet 5 ee eee Cm OR” Dh ae OF ee hus. of. ty 9 BOR. See Oem OMEN a Ae 5c 22 1. Length (in millimetres) from snout to vent. 2. Number of scales across middle of body. 3. Transverse series of ventral plates. 4. Number of plates in collar. 5. Number of scales and granules between symphysis of chin-shields and median collar-plate. 6. Number of femoral pores (on right and left sides, if differing). 7. Number of subdigital lamellee under the fourth toe. This explanation applies to the tables for the species following, unless otherwise stated. Habitat. Crimea and the North Coast of the Black Sea, Roumania, Bulgaria, Turkey in Europe, Serbia, Hungary, Greece, and Ionian Islands. I regard Lacerta taurica as one of the most primitive species of the L. muralis group, owing to its palatal dentition, short head, serrated collar, often hexagonal and keeled dorsal scales, more or less pointed caudal scales, etc. ‘The var. conica connects it with Lacerta muralis, vars. campestris and fiumana. If I am right in regarding a dark vertebral stripe or series of spots as a primitive character, the typical L. taurica, in which it is always absent or merely represented by a few spots on the nape *, may be derived from the var. tonica, in which it is sometimes present. As I have observed above, the brown colour is more primitive than the green, and the young ZL. agilis and L. taurica show no green; but, whereas in the evolution of LZ. agilis the green colour appears first on the sides, before invading the back, the reverse obtains in L. tawrica and LZ. muralis. LACERTA PELOPONNESIACA. Lacerta peloponnesiaca Bibr. in Bory de St. Vine. Exped. Se. Morée, Rept. p. 66, pl. x. fig. 4 (1835) ; Bedriaga, Zool. Anz. 1883, p. 216, and Abh. Senck. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 315, pl. —. fig. 13; Bouleng. Cat. Liz. iii. p. 27 (1887) ; Werner, Wiss. Mitth. Bosn. Herzeg. vi. 1899, p. 832; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 37, fig. 8, pl. i; Schreib. Herp. Hur. ed. 2, p- 459 (1912). Lacerta nuralis (non Laur.), Bibr. 1. c. figs. 2, 3. Lacerta taurica, part., Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. v. p. 225 (1839) ; Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 419 (1875). Podarcis taurica, part., Bonap. Amph. Eur. p. 35 (1840); De Betta, Rett. Anf. Gree. p. 35 (1868). Lacerta taurica, vars. peloponnesiaca, rathkei, maculata Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 1881, p- 83. * Tn accordance with the theory of Eimer that the evolution of markings proceeds trom back to front. ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. 49 In shape and general proportions not unlike LZ. tawrica, but head usually larger and longer, and limbs rather longer. Head large (usually not 4 times in length to vent in males), feebly depressed; snout sometimes very obtuse, sometimes very pointed, as long as the distance between the eye and the tympanum; preocular region rather deeply concave. Neck as broad as the head, or a little broader. Hind limb reaching the collar or between the collar and the ear in the male, the elbow or the axil in the female. Foot always longer than the head. ‘Tail cylindrical, twice as long as head and body or a little shorter or a little longer. Nostril pierced between the nasal, the postnasal, the first upper labial, and the rostral. Nasals forming a short or very short suture behind the rostral *; frontonasal as long Text-figure 12. Upper and side views of head of male and female of Lacerta peloponnesiaca, (From P. Z,.S. 1911, p. 38, text-fig. 8.) as broad or broader than long; frontal not longer than frontoparietals, anterior borders very concave, meeting at an acute angle, the shield often appearing trilobate with long median lobe in front, in adult male specimens; parietals about once and a half as long as broad, in contact with the upper postocular, outer border convex; occipital very variable in size, sometimes longer, sometimes shorter, and usually broader than the interparietal, from which it may be separated + by a short suture formed by the parietals. Supraoculars in contact with the superciliaries, rarely one to three granules intervening between them; the second usually a little longer than the third, both * In two specimens the frontonasal forms a narrow suture with the rostral; similar exceptions have been pointed out by Werner, J. c. + In 6 specimens out of 16. VOL. XXI.—PakT I. No. 7.— June, 1916. u 50 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS broader than the posterior part of the frontal; 5 or 6 (rarely 4) superciliaries, first or second usually longest, the suture between the first and second usually oblique, sometimes vertical. Rostral largely entering the nostril; postnasal single *; first loreal much shorter than second. 4 or 5 upper labials anterior to the subocular +, the lower border of which is much shorter than the upper. Usually rather large, irregular shields cover the temple, often as in an average L. agilis; sometimes the temporal lepidosis is as small as in an average J. muralis; a more or less distinct masseteric shield; tympanic shield distinct, sometimes small; a more or less enlarged upper temporal anteriorly, followed by 3 or 4 smaller shields. Pterygoid teeth strongly developed. 28 to 34 scales and granules in a straight line between the symphysis of the ¢hin- shields and the median collar-plate; gular fold distinct. Collar with even edge, composed of 9 to 12 plates ¢. Scales on back juxtaposed, granular, round, suboval, or subhexagonal, smooth or feebly or faintly keeled, on flanks towards the ventrals larger, flat and subimbricate, smooth ; 53 to 65 scales across the middle of the body; 2 and 3 or 38 and 4 transverse series, on the sides, corresponding to a ventral plate, 48 to 60 in the middle of the back corresponding to the length of the head. Ventral plates in 6 longitudinal series, subequal or the second series from the middle line the broadest; 28 to 33 transverse series (28 to 30 in males, 31 to 33 in females). i Preanal plate rather large, with 2 or 3 semicircles of small shields or scales. Scales on upper surface of tibia as large as or a little smaller than dorsals, distinctly keeled. 26 to 51 lamellar scales under the fourth toe. 20 to 26 femoral pores on each side. Caudal scales truncate or very obtusely pointed behind, the upper narrow and slightly oblique, or rather broad and more oblique, more or less strongly keeled, the whorls subequal in length; 28 to 38 scales in the fourth or fifth whorl behind the postanal granules. The coloration varies much according to individuals. Females and young are beautifully striped with dark brown or black, some specimens may even be described as black above with 5 or 6 light longitudinal streaks or even 7 in front (0 on the nape, as in Acanthodactylus vulgaris). ‘The adult female (Pl. III. fig. 9) may be of a reddish brown, with two broad blackish bands along each side, the outer proceeding from the eye; these bands bordered above and below by a narrow white streak and separated from each other by a third light streak (proceeding from the superciliary edge), which is pale yellow or pale green ; one or two small round blue spots above the axil; hind limbs with round light spots edged with blackish ; lower parts white or pale yellow, * Two superposed postnasals in one specimen (2, Morea). + 4 on both sides in 8 specimens, 4 on one side and 5 on the other in 8, 5 on both sides in 1. t Up to 14, according to Werner, J. c. ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. dl often tinged with rosy or lilac on the sides. Traces of this striation may persist in some adult males (PI. III. fig. 7), or may disappear entirely, the back being uniform brownish or dull green, with small blackish spots or vermicular lines on the sides. In the breeding male the top of the head is a reddish brown, sharply contrasting with the green of the nape, which gradually fades to olive or brown on the posterior part of the body; the sides of the head and body and the lower parts of a bright vermilion-orange, relieved by a patch of azure-blue in the axillary region and a broad band of the same colour occupying the outer row of ventral shields and extending a little way up the scaly part of the side. Some males may have a pattern of markings not unlike that of Z. tawrica, but with a blackish vertebral stripe on the anterior part of the back; this stripe may be divided by a light streak on the nape (PI. III. fig. 8). Measurements (in millimetres) :— d. 2. — (a From end of snout to vent. . . .. . 80 70 UH 65 a: ss - LorevwiMpy wees) 3) Oe 27 28 25 ECHO Pa MCP aerayhre: Soy ac. ok ah tes a cok 19 16 16 Witdtheomhendtets ws teeta Since, | hee yp to iby 10 9 [Diya GENRE ES ON. nepolen Oelote eed lull 10 9 8 LOTGSLNN ET islets oe oh fore te ty 25 24 22 1sinvalMbinley 5. Sots petia pat ce or Somer, ee eo) 43 41 34 GO umrcae aero deiciti~ etl spa sx Wa) a cd och. sta 0 oe 21 18 ait eerie, Nepe tte ey cee, tuck) ope LO). = OF NOD) 125 Particulars of Specimens examined. wal le ee 3. 4, 5. 6. if GuBUOTOCCOl Bet siete. ee OO 56 30 10 31 24-25 29 ae pt ates Meek Oh, Fe etre YAO) 60 33 11 31 20 30 ieee Morea Se kage see 76 57 28 12 28 20-21 30 ic ee ee see se eee 4g Wikanyntt: “Ae ey DE ak Ae le 55 28 11 30 23 28 2 = Burtt, tof bey CaCO 64. 28 10 30 23 28 =“ a eet Ty a iag ot Eee OAs 59 29 12 33 24 28 ae or A ae a Pee We! 53 By 1a! 31 23 27 Cem vivkangame ae se ef eo ho 64 28 10 30 23 28 SH UDINS rere oh Gers ls OD 65 29 9 34 26 27 Pee ididia sees + «| TO Oe SS IO) ~ 80° CT | 86 yy uaStymphalos 2 . . . 71 63 28 10 30 22-24 28 2" 2 vee OO 62 on LY: 33 24-25 «27 * For explanation of numbers, see p. 48. Habitat. This species appears to be restricted to Morea, up to 1000 m. altitude, its reported occurrence in Crete requiring confirmation, Lacerta peloponnesiaca is most nearly related to L. tawrica, from which it differs, H 2 52 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS as first shown by Bedriaga in 1883, chiefly in the larger head in the male, the non-serrated collar, the truncate or very indistinctly pointed caudal scales, and the nearly constant absence of granules between the supraoculars and the superciliaries. The latter character and the strong palatal dentition separate it from LZ. muralis. In some respects (stronger palatal dentition, absence of granules between the supraoculars and the superciliaries, more pronounced striation) this species is phylo- genetically less advanced than L. taurica, but in all others it has evolved further from the hypothetical ancestral form. For reasons explained above (p. 12) I look upon the coloration of the young as the most primitive in the Z. mwralis group, as in some specimens the original five light dorsal streaks are preserved on the nape; but on the sides the light streaks are reduced to one, the median lateral of L. agilis. LACERTA CHLOROGASTER. Lacerta muralis, var. defilippit, part., Boettg. in Radde, Faun. Flor. Casp.-Geb. p. 44 (1886). Lacerta chlorogaster Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1908, p. 934, pl. lxvii. Lacerta boettgeri Méhely, Ann. Mus. Hung. vii. 1909, p. 583, pls. viii. fig. 9, xxii. figs. 5 & 6, and xxii. fig. 6 *, and Zool. Anz. xxxy. 1910, p. 593; Nikolsky, Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. St. Pétersb. xv. 1910, p. 497. ? Lacerta caucasica, var. tenuis Nikolsky, t.c. p. 496. Head and body moderately depressed. Head rather large in males (rarely 4 times in length to vent), 13 to 12 times as long as broad, its depth equal to the distance between the anterior corner or the centre of the eye and the tympanum ; occipital region convex; snout obtuse, as long as postocular part of head: cheeks not much swollen in the male; length of pileus about twice its width. Neck sometimes as broad as head, usually narrower. Hind limb reaching the shoulder or the collar in the male, the elbow or the axil in the female; foot longer than the head. Tail cylindrical, about twice as long as head and body. Nostril pierced between the nasal, a postnasal, the first upper labial, and sometimes the rostral. Nasals forming a suture behind the rostral ; frontonasal broader than long; frontal as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, 15 to 1} times as long as broad, as broad, behind, as the principal supraoculars, some- times in contact with ¢ or narrowly separated from the first supraocular; parietals 13 to 13 times as long as broad, usually not im contact with the upper postocular f, the outer border straight and oblique or more or less emarginate in front for the reception of the upper temporal; occipital usually shorter and broader than the * Lucerta boetigeri Méhely, Ann. Mus, Hung. v. 1907, p. 88, is a mere nomen nudum. No definition, not even an indication of the habitat. + In 4 specimens out of 23, = 3 exceptions out of 23 specimens, ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. or ee) interparietal, sometimes as long or as broad. ‘The two major supraoculars, of which the first is usually the longer, separated from the superciliaries by a complete series of granules; the fourth supraocular usually in contact with the first upper temporal ; 6, rarely 7, superciliaries, first or second longest, the suture between the first and second vertical. Rostral often touching or entering the nostril *; a single postnasal +; two loreals, first usually shorter than second. 4 upper labials anterior to the subocular t, the lower border of which is much shorter than the upper. ‘Temple covered with small scales, with a large, moderate, or small ) masseteric shield, which is sometimes divided, and a curved tympanic ; a large anterior upper temporal, followed by smaller shields. No pterygoid teeth. 19 to 27 gular scales in a straight line between the symphysis of the chin-shields and the median collar-plate, these scales usually rather large towards the collar; gular fold feeble or very indistinct. Collar with feebly serrated edge, composed of 7 to 9 plates. Dorsal scales usually hexagonal, longer than broad, strongly keeled, juxtaposed or feebly imbricate, rarely more oval and less strongly keeled ; lateral scales more feebly keeled, smooth towards the ventrals, a little smaller, 3 or 4 corresponding to the length of a ventral plate ; 32 to 42 scales, in the middle of the back, corresponding to the length of the head; 44 to 52 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in 6 longitudinal series, the second series on each side from the median line the broadest ; 24 to 27 transverse series in males, 27 to 30 in females. Preanal plate large, bordered by a single semicircle of scales. Scales on upper surface of tibia smaller than dorsals, keeled. 27 to 32 lamellar scales under the fourth toe. 14 to 19 femoral pores on each side, usually 15 to 17. Upper caudal scales straight or slightly oblique, strongly keeled, posterior border obtusely pointed, sometimes nearly truncate, the whorls alternately longer and shorter ; 22 to 28 scales in the fourth or fifth whorl behind the postanal granules. Head and back greyish olive or greenish in the male, with or without small black spots or vermiculations ; sides and limbs yellowish green with a black network, often enclosing rather large whitish ocellar spots, or black with small yellowish-grey spots ; a few turquoise-blue spots may be present behind the shoulder. Pale brown or golden- brown above in the female, with small blackish spots and a dark brown lateral band with wavy outlines; sometimes a dorso-lateral series of small whitish spots. ‘The markings of the body usually continued on the anterior part of the tail. Lower parts yellowish green to bright grass-green in the males, with a series of turquoise-blue spots * In 25 eases out of 46. t Iwo superposed postnasals in one specimen from Lenkoran, according to Méhely. t~ 5 in a single specimen. § Large in 17 specimens, moderate in 2, small in 4. 04 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS on the outer ventral plates, which are usually also spotted with black, and with the throat often blue or bluish green; anal region and lower surface of hind limbs often Jemon-yellow. The very young is described by Méhely as uniform brown above, the belly dotted or spotted with blackish. Measurements (in millimetres) :— ee Hrombendiof snout bovent . sc) ane OD 61 62 57 5 x Fy ORM 5 Gg aig 2h 24 24. 18 JeIGr YC Ew leet hats MAR ereety wird eae My alll 117/ Wet A153 1153 Whshii@enmeels 5 8 6 o « «o o o o dil 10 9°5 8 Wepthitot ead gecwe:, Wea esac sect knee 9 3 8 6°5 Hore dimb\ x54. = capi aer ed oti bane ee 24 22 19 lebohliiiin oa Gg o go ooo Bo a) pep 34 33 29 10 aA CURIA Ren th CP ey a Gg cg: Cal) 19 17 16 At Geen toe cae a Mahon) ae 6, ee — — Particulars of Specimens examined. “lle 2. 3. 4, 5. 6 Te Soliman oc 6 6 5 a (3a) 50 25 8 PS) % a Sieh tentoent 21s) 49 25 8 27 16 30 rs 5 55 agi ale bite! MOL 50 25 8 26 16-17 27 : es 58 44 24 7 20 16-17 30 5 5 a 50 0a oO 9 23 17-18 30 OER Gs x 60 48 30 8 24 14-15 27 55 is 57 47 30 8 23° 14-15 28 3. Resht. 65 48 26 7 22 17-16 28 D 63 50 25 7 20 15 27 aes 63 47 25 8 21 17-16 30 RP op Oke BG un Ge Ad a 49 26 8 25 16 28 AMUN tee ee nao: Reeaime Gg SNS 45 25 8 22 16 30 Oy een eS eae Mis) 47 24 7 19 14-15 29 HL cgay 40) bo) BomyPtat, LOWS, oe Baie 48 26 8 22 17 29 5 4 a | as) 49 25 7 22 17-16 29 Seah Gs 56 45 26 7 21 16 30 Ege Bot 56 46 26 7 py US Filyf 728) oe) 6 OE 52 26 8 22) 17-18 31 » 0 56 49 25 3 2 i — 15129 aa : 56 47 27 9 19 17-16 30 aS ob or fem a ge. Ow) 52 26 8 24 18-17 32 Dou peek alld oO toneo sy OZ) 48 27 8 24 17 29 5 | SSeS: 6 Gen ee 46 29 7 21 17-16 30 * For explanation of numbers, see p. 48. cn a | ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. Habitat. The South and South-West Coast of the Caspian Sea; the specimens examined by me are from Enzeli and Resht, in Persia, those described by Méhely are from Lenkoran and Baku in Transcaucasia and Astrabad in Persia, In the shape of the head, in the serrated collar, in the pointed caudal scales, 1. chlorogaster bears some resemblance to L. taurica, and Méhely finds a great similarity between the skulls of the two species; the green colour of the lower parts and the keeled dorsal scales contrasting with the smaller laterals are characters shared by L. praticola. Yet Ido not think there is any close relationship between the three species. ‘There is, on the whole, more in common with L. muralis, vars. savicola and caucasica, as recognised by M¢hely. L. chlorogaster differs from all the forms of L. muralis in combining keeled hexagonal dorsal scales with smaller laterals. It would perhaps be as well to regard L. chlorogaster as a variety of LL. muralis, more primitive in most respects than any of the ‘lranscaucasian-Persian forms with which we are at present acquainted. Apart from the shape of the head, it is not without resemblance with the African I. jacksonii, the two often agreeing very closely in the markings (cf. Pl. IV. figs. 1, 3), and, although its true affinities are still a puzzle, I cannot think of a better position for it in the serial arrangement that has to be followed than between L. muralis and L. jacksonii. LACERTA JACKSONII. Lacerta jacksoni Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1899, p. 96, pl. x.; Peracea, Ruwenzori, i. p. 166 (1909) ; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xix. 1909, p. 242 ; Degen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 19; Sternf. in Schubotz, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Z.-Afr. Exped., Zool. ii. p. 215 (1912). Lacerta jacksoni, subsp. kibonotensis Linnberg, in Sjéstedt, Kilim.-Meru Exped., Rept. Batr. p. 5 (1907), and Svensk. Vet.-Ak. Handl. (2) xlvii. no. 6, 1911, p. 14. Head and body much depressed. Head large in the full-grown male (32 to 4 times in length to vent), 1} to 13 times as long as broad, its depth equal to the distance between the posterior corner of the eye and the anterior border of the tympanum ; occipital region quite flat ; snout obtusely pointed, shorter than the postocular part of head; cheeks swollen in the male ; length of pileus twice or a little more than twice its width. Neck as broad as head. Hind limb reaching the axil, the shoulder, or the collar in the male, the elbow in the female; foot as long as the head in the male, usually a little longer in the female. ‘ail cylindrical, 1} to 1} times as long as head and body. Nostril pierced between the nasal, a postnasal, and the first upper labial. Nasals forming a suture behind the rostral * ; frontonasal broader than long; frontal as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, 14 to 13 times as long as broad, as broad, behind, as the major supraoculars or a little broader; parietals * In one of the specimens examined by Peracca, the froutonasal touches the rostral. 56 . MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS 12 to 14 times as long as broad, outer border convex, usually not in contact with the upper postocular, or, if in contact, very narrowly. Of the two major supraoculars, the first is the longer; 5 or 6 superciliaries, the suture between the first and second oblique; an incomplete series of granules between the supraoculars and the superciliaries, the granules sometimes reduced to 2 or 3*. No foramen in the interparietal ¢. Occipital usually shorter than the interparietal, sometimes broader. Rostral not entering the nostril; a single postnasal; anterior loreal shorter than second. 4 (rarely 5) upper labials anterior to the subocular, the lower border of which is not or but little shorter than the upper. ‘Temple covered with small scales, as large as or smaller than dorsals t, these scales sometimes feebly keeled; no masseteric shield; tympanic shield sometimes moderate, sometimes small, sometimes absent; upper temporal moderately broad, long or short, followed by a series of smalier shields 9. No pterygoid teeth. 21 to 26 || gular scales in a straight line between the symphysis of the chin-shields and the median collar-plate, these scales strongly increasing in size towards the collar ; gular fold more or less distinct. Collar even-edged or very slightly serrated, composed of 7 to 10 plates. Dorsal scales rhombic-hexagonal, more or less distinctly keeled, juxtaposed or sub- imbricate ; laterals a little smaller, feebly and diagonally keeled, or nearly smooth. 37 to 43 scales across the middle of the body J; 23 (2) to 35 (¢ ) scales, in the middle of the back, corresponding to the length of the head, 2 or 3 on the sides corresponding to a ventral plate. Ventral plates in 8 longitudinal series, the second series on each side from the median line much broader than the others, the outer sevies composed of very narrow plates ; 25 or 24 transverse series in males, 27 or 28 in females **. Praanal plate large, with one or two semicircles of smaller plates, one of the median of which is more or less enlarged, and may be described as a second preeanal. Scales on upper surface of tibia smaller than dorsals, strongly keeled. 22 to 26 lamellar scales under the fourth toe. 16 to 20 femoral pores on each side ff. * In one specimen examined by Peracca the series of granules is complete on one side and totally absent on the other. ‘he series is complete in one of the specimens described by Sternfeld. + This important character, first pointed out by Degen, is found in two other species of the genus Lacerta, the East African Z. vauereselli Torn. and the West African L. echinata Cope. That it is not to be regarded as of generic importance is shown by the genera Draco, Vucras, and Latastia, where we find the foramen present in some species and absent in others. + Larger in specimens from the Kilimanjaro district (subsp. kibonotensis Lonnb.). § Absent in a female from Kakumega. || Up to 28, according to Degen and Sternfeld. @ 32 to 39, according to Peracea and Sternfeld; up to 49, according to Degen. ** 23 to 25 in males, 24 to 28 in females, according to Peracca, Degen, and Sternfeld. +t 14 to 20, according to Peracca and Sternfeld. ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. 57 Upper caudal scales oblique, strongly keeled, with truncate or very obtusely pointed posterior border; the whorls alternately longer and shorter; 26 to 23 scales in the fourth or fifth whorl behind the postanal granules. Brown above, sometimes more or less greenish olive in life *, with small black spots irregularly disposed; sides darker, with 4 or 5 series of white, black-edged ocelli, the upper series very regular and extending from the outer edge of the parietal shield to the base of the tail; a large black spot on each upper labial; limbs with small ocellar spots. Lower parts bright yellow, or belly bluish green, in life (whitish or bluish in spirit); belly sometimes with large black spots, or with small black spots on the sides. ‘Tail with small dark and light spots above, the dark spots sometimes disposed quincuncially. ‘The specimen figured on PI. IV. fig. 3 is the type. Measurements (in millimetres) :— ne 2. 3 4, From end of snout to vent . 85 70 78 71 A Fs 5 fore limb 32 29 25 27 Head . Pe 22 17 17 Width of head . 15 12 10 11 Depth of head. . . 10 9 8 8 Horeilimbaees es Gas. aes ore OO 26 24 25 Eindolin bee aaeed (is AMMA obenk fa CAL 37 35 35 HGotmecwiyt: Biever ck ZA GS Msi de bial PAs 21 20 19 19 1. g, Mt. Elgon. 2. g, Mau Ravine (type). 3. 2, Kakumega. 4. 9, Mt. Ruwenzori. Particulars of Specimens examined. ill a 3. 4, 5 6. 7 6. Mau Ravine (type) . .. . 70 40 24 1) 25 16-17 26 OPaMitzivuyenZOniis os fai oe oh 37 27 9 22 18-19 25 Pan Pon. “tee ee 90)! aa oe: TP TSG Ne aie hy. ee Gul) -4gf' 95.) = 8. eh 1ogel ae-a0-Nige rH 3 Reg oe we ded 78 35 24 7 25 17 22 » Kakumega (Nairobi Museum). 78 37 23 8 21. 17 22 5 3 Se cee: Way Geeyige so PO 4] 25 2 25 16 23 Q. . Ca, eee a eens ae Fellas Fa ar * For explanation of numbers, see p. 48. Habitat. Kast and Central Africa. The type is from the Mau Mountains in British Fast Africa, where it was discovered by Sir F. J. Jackson. The species occurs also in the Kilimanjaro and Usambara districts, on Mount Ruwenzori, and at Lake Kivu. * « T saw once or twice green-headed and more or less green-backed lizards ran up on the trunks of big cedar-trees. I had, unfortunately, no means of securing them, but I have no doubt that they were Jackson's Lizards” (Linnberg, J.c. 1911). ‘The variation in colour is therefore exactly as in Z, chlorogaster, which may be precisely similar in its markings. VOL. Xxx! —ParT I. No. 8.—June, 1916. I 58 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS It is a mountain-form, the specimens in the British Museum having been obtained between the altitudes of 7000 and 8500 feet. The absence of the parietal foramen distinguishes this species from all other members of the group. ‘There is much in common with JL. chlorogaster, both as regards lepidosis and coloration, but the head is much flatter, the snout shorter in proportion to the postocular part of the head, the dorsal scales are larger, the toes shorter, etc. The East African Lizard described by Tornier, in 1902, under the name of Z. vaue- reselli and regarded by him as related to L. jacksonit, has since been pronounced by Sternfeld (1912) to have nothing to do with this species, and it appears from his description to belong to the group of LZ. vivipara. Head shorter and more convex, collar serrated, ventrals in 6 longitudinal and 18 to 22 transverse series, 7 to 10 femoral pores on each side ; a vertebral series of dark spots often present. LAcERTA BRANDTIL. Lacerta brandtii De Filippi, Arch. per la Zool. ii. 1863, p. 387, and Viagg. Pers. p. 354 (1865) ; Blanf. Zool. H. Pers. p. 362, pl. xx. fig. 1 (1876); Boettg. in Radde, Faun. Flor. Casp.- Geb. p. 42 (1886) ; Bedriaga, Abh. Senck. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 268; Bouleng. Cat. Liz. ii. p- 38 (1887) ; Nikolsky, Herp. Ross. p. 139 (1905). Head and body feebly depressed, as in LZ. taurica. Head about 1} times as long as broad, its depth equal to the distance between the anterior corner of the eye and the tympanum; snout obtuse, as long as postocular part of head; cheeks not much swollen in the male; length of pileus twice its width. Neck a little constricted. Hind limb reaching the shoulder in the male, the elbow or the axil in the female ; foot longer than the head. ‘Tail cylindrical, about twice as long as head and body. Nostril pierced between the nasal, two postnasals, and the first upper labial. Nasals forming a suture behind the rostral; frontonasal broader than long; frontal 12 to 2 times as long as broad, nearly as broad, behind, as the principal supraoculars, not in contact with the first supraocular; parietals 14 to 1% times as long as broad, not in contact with or just touching the upper postocular, the outer border straight or slightly concave; occipital small, } to 4 the length of the interparietal, which is equally broad or a little broader. The two major supraoculars, of which the first is the longer, separated from the superciliaries by a complete series of granules, or the first in contact with the first or first and second superciliaries; the fourth supraocular usually in contact with the first upper temporal; 6 or 7 superciliaries, first usually longest, the suture between the first and second more or less oblique. Rostral touching or nearly touching the nostril; two superposed postnasals; anterior loreal not more than half as long as second. 65 upper labials anterior to the subocular *, the lower border of which is much shorter than the upper. ‘Temporal * “ Nahezu constant,” Boettger. ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS, 59 region with rather large scales ; masseteric shield present, small or large ; tympanic present; two or three upper temporals, first largest and usually extending to the upper surface of the head. Pterygoid teeth strongly developed. 25 to 25 scales and granules in a straight line between the symphysis of the chin- shields and the median collar-plate; gular fold distinct. Collar not or but very feebly serrated, composed of 7 to 9 plates. Body covered with small, smooth granules, which are slightly smaller on the sides than on the back; 50 to 55 scales across the middle of the body, 3 or 4 transverse series corresponding to a ventral plate, 58 to 42 in the middle of the back corre- sponding to the length of the head. Ventral plates in 8 (or 10 ?*) longitudinal series, broader than long, subequal, or the second series from the median line the broadest ; in 28 to 30 transverse series, Preanal plate rather large, bordered by two semicircles of scales. Scales on upper surface of tibia smaller than dorsals. 25 or 26 lamellar scales under the fourth toe. 16 to 20 femoral pores on each side. Caudal scales truncate, the upper rather oblique, diagonally and rather strongly but obtusely keeled, the lower smooth (in the basal third); apical pits very distinct ; the whorls not very unequal in length; 28 or 30 scales in the fourth whorl behind the postanal granules. The coloration of the type-specimens is thus described by Blanford :—Centre of back olive-grey ; a rather irregular whitish line down each side [originating behind the supratemporal shields], breaking up behind into white spots, with irregular mottling and spots of black forming an indistinct band inside and outside the white one; another ill-marked pale line down the lower portion of each side, the ground- colour of which, and of the breast and abdomen, is pale greenish blue, the anterior and inner margins of most of the ventral plates near the sides being black. According to De Filippi, there are some blue spots near the axillary region, and the anal region and lower part of the tail are tinged with fiery red. The following notes refer to three well-preserved specimens recently received from M. L. A. Lantz. Male pale brown above, with small black spots having a tendency to form a reticu- lation; sides of head and body with numerous whitish dark-edged ocellar spots, the largest in and above the axil; throat and belly white ; outer ventrals blue, with small black spots; anal region, Jower surface of thighs, and lower surface of tail reddish. Female (PI. II. fig. 13) not unlike the preceding, but with the white dorso-lateral streak distinct on the nape and continued as a regular series of spots on the body; * De Filippi gave ten as the number of longitudinal rows. Blanford, redescribing the type-specimens, two in number, says :—‘* Eight longitudinal rows, all nearly equal in size: in one of the specimens there is an additional row of much smaller scales on each side, but it is broken up in the other specimen.” 12 60 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS a second series of white spots from the ear to the side of the body, which is marked with small black and whitish spots; a series of black spots along each side of the back, within the dorso-lateral light streaks or series of spots; two or three large, blue, black-edged ocelli above the axil; except for the absence of a dark vertebral streak on the nape, the markings of this female are very similar to those of certain specimens of LZ. parva, and they are obviously derivable from them. ‘Throat and belly bluish, with small black spots on the outer ventrals; anal region, thighs, and lower surface of tail reddish. A dark streak along each side of the tail, on the base of which the dark and light dorsal markings are continued. * Young greyish above, the sides with a blackish network enclosing round white spots ; two series of vermicular black markings along the back; two large, blue, black- edged ocelli above the axil. Measurements (in millimetres) :— 3 OF From end of snout to vent a 5 ce. GO 58 n + 5 fore limb 25 22 Tleadia #2 Ua bat 4) tk see ed eee? 14 Aletldnorlee~ls 5 o o 2S 6, 6 IU 9-5 Depth of head 42 say 1 W-aarie 3 eo) Horetlimb aii, So. eel eee 19 1shiGblbinlys | G5 eG Go) Go. G. o OD) 28 LOU aNe Mie Cees Ae Pee feet, ares. et to lity 16 Particulars of Specimens examined. alle Pep 3. 4, 5. 6. ie oe Andebil Persia js. 00 54 28 23 9 18-19 25 oF ‘ ie eet ROS 53 29 25 7 18 26 ) sRasano. Valischi) e800 50 30 25 9 19-18 26 * For explanation of numbers, see p. 48. Habitat. Known only from North-Western Persia and the neighbouring Trans- caucasian Province of Talisch. The type-specimens are from Basminsk, between Tabriz and Teheran. Mr. Lantz’s specimens are from a salt lake near Ardebil. I regard L. brandtii as one of the most primitive members of the L. muralis group, which it connects with Z. parva. Among the species with two superposed postnasals it agrees with L. levis in having teeth on the pterygoids, but differs in the temporal lepidosis, in the smaller occipital, in the 8 (or 10) rows of ventrals, and in the shorter toes. LACERTA LEVIS. Lacerta levis Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 1838, p. 279, and Cat. Liz. p. 31 (1845); Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 488; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 742; Bedriaga, Abh. Senck. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 263; Bouleng. Cat. Liz. i. p. 39 (1687). Podarcis judaica, Camerano, Atti Ace. Torin. xiii. 1877, p. 92, pl. 11. figs. 2-5. ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. 61 Lacerta judaica Bedriaga, Arch. f. Nat. 1880, p. 270 ; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges, 1879-80, p. 172. Lacerta muralis, var. judaica F, Mill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1882, p. 156. Lacerta muralis, part., Nikolsky, Herp. Ross. p. 130 (1905). ? Lacerta levis Werner, Sitzb. Ak. Wien, exi. 1. 1902, p. 1091, and Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xix. 1903, p- 332, pl. xxiii. fig. 4. Size and shape of head and elongation of body very different according to the sex, the difference even greater than in L. peloponnesiaca. ead 12 to 1% times as long as broad, rather strongly depressed in the female, but little broader than deep in the full-grown male, its depth in the tympanic region equal to the distance between the anterior corner or the centre of the eye and the tympanum, its length 4 to 5 times in length to vent in the female, 34 to 34 times in the male; snout obtusely pointed, as long as or a little shorter than postocular part of head ; cheeks moderately swollen in the male; pileus 2 to 2} times as long as broad. Neck as broad as the head or a little narrower. Body moderately depressed. Hind limb reaching the wrist or the elbow, rarely the axil, in females, the collar or between the collar and the ear in males; foot longer than the head. ‘Tail cylindrical. often a little flattened at the base, twice or a little over or a little under twice as long as head and body, Nostril pierced between the nasal, the postnasals, the first upper labial, and the rostral. Nasals forming a suture behind the rostral; frontonasal as long as broad or a little broader than long; frontal as long as or shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, 14 to 2 times as long as broad, nearly as broad, behind, as the major supraoculars or a little broader; in large males the frontal sometimes trilobate in front, as in L. peloponnesiaca; parietals 14 to 1} times as long as broad, usually not in contact with the upper postocular, outer border convex, or oblique in front, where it forms a suture with the upper temporal, but not concavely emarginate ; occipital constantly broader than the interparietal, sometimes broader than the frontal, at least as long as the interparietal in males, usually shorter in females. Of the two major supraoculars, the first is usually the longer; fourth supraocular usually in contact with the upper temporal * ; 5 to 7 superciliaries, first usually longest; suture between the first and second nearly as often oblique as vertical; a series of granules between the supraoculars and the superciliaries, the series complete or the first or first and second superciliaries in contact with the supraoculars. Rostral entering the nostril, usually largely ; two superposed postnasals ¢; anterior loreal shorter than second. 45, rarely 4 or 6} upper labials anterior to the subocular, the lower border of which is usually much shorter than the upper. Temporal scales granular, about as large as the dorsal scales or a little larger; a large or very * 14 exceptions out of 106 cases. t+ [have come across one exception only, in a male from Damascus, which has a single postnasal on the right side. ¢ 4 in 10 cases out of 106, 6 in 3 cases. 62 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS large masseteric shield * ; tympanic shield distinct ; a large upper temporal, followed by a row of very small shields or mere granules. Pterygoid teeth usually present. 18 to 24 scales and granules in a straight line between the symphysis of the chin- shields and the median collar-plate; gular fold indistinct. Collar with even or very feebly serrated edge, composed of 9 to 13 plates, exceptionally 7. Scales on body juxtaposed, oval or hexagonal, keeled, the keel usually stronger in males than in females, rather smaller on the sides than on the back ; minute granules in the interstitial skin +; 49 to 62 scales (usually 50 to 58) across the middle of the body, 3 or 4 transverse series, on the sides, corresponding to a ventral plate, 33 to 55, in the middle of the back, corresponding to the length of the head. Ventral plates in 6 longitudinal series, or if in 8 the outer very small; all broader than long, the median pair narrowest, the other two nearly equal in width; 24 to 27 transverse series in males, 26 to 29 in females. Preanal plate large, bordered by one or two semicircles of small plates. Scales on upper surface of tibia smaller than dorsals, with a strong keel, often with small tubercles or short secondary keels inaddition. 27 to 35 lamellar scales under the fourth toe, usually 29 to 32. 16 to 24 femoral pores on each side, usually 18 to 21. Upper caudal scales rather narrow, straight or slightly oblique, strongly keeled, the keel sometimes accompanied by a groove on each side 9, truncate or very obtusely pointed behind, mostly with a distinct apical sensory pit; the whorls more or less unequal in length, sometimes very slightly ; 24 to 34 scales in the fourth or fifth whorl behind the postanal granules. Grey or pale brown above, the back uniform or scantily dotted or spotted with blackish, occasionally with larger spots having a tendency to arrange themselves in transverse series; upper surface of head without spots ; a black lateral band, passing through the eye, sometimes well-defined by a white streak above and beneath, to above the shoulder, where its lower limit shades off into the lighter colour of the flanks and its upper border is festooned or crenulate ; white dots or round white spots on the black of the sides; sides sometimes only a little darker than the back, with black and white ocelli; limbs with a dark network, often enclosing round white spots; tail uniform or with small dark spots irregularly disposed. Lower parts white, throat of male sometimes bluish, without spots, except, in males, a series of rather distant blue black-edged spots along each side of the belly. * Only one exception, in a female from Damascus, in which the shield is hardly distinct on the right side. + As first pointed out by Bedriaga, these accessory granules are to be found in nearly all species of Lacerta, when the skin is distended, and they are more distinct still in LZ. gayakari, not to mention L. galloti. + In two male specimens from Damascus; these outer plates about half the width of those of the third series from the middle line. § As in L. danfordu, var. greca. ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. Measurements (in millimetres) :— From end of snout to vent . . . 87 ” Head . fore limb . 33 24. ” ” Widtowombeads. «ale (+), oot LG Depeiice nead i k,l ay = 1 ROReClIOMe re Reba se Auk! is a oe PUM MIT ears cee'd encase, Mel Oe Foot Tail 27 3. 58 23 15 10 (i) 21 33 1 19 10 1,2. 6, Damascus. 3. g, Jerusalem. 4. ?, Damascus. Jerusalem. Particulars of Specimens examined, wr. 9. ——? (Type). . es « © 71 . Damascus (Anderson) . . . . 82 - 5c aS or Sue. a, 00 (Gadeau de Kerville). 87 ; d4 5 83 4 80 ; 80 5 80 5 80 55 78 . 78 ”? 78 ” 18 ; 77 . 7 es 77 5 75 ” 66 . 66 ” 64 a ] tid y . 84 s . 83 ” Pomme 6 » Sit 95 » 16 * For explanation of numbers, see p. 48. 9 ae 56 Or on >) Or St Or en G1 Gr C1 no OC F @® & ol 52 > OV cn bo xn br po & vr bo WS WW W 1D Son ok” ok 4, 5. 80 71 2y 25 19 15 12 10 10 7 PM | 24 44 39 24 ng 160 — 5. 2, type. 4, 5. ‘ 22 22 2 23 22 10 22 12 23 12 22 12 22 11 21 10 19 12 22 9 21 13 22 11 22 12 21 12 19 12 24 10 21 IL 21 11 20 10 21 9 23 10 23 9 20 9 21 10 21 10 20 9 20 ? 63 (gravid), 64. MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS 1 2, 3. 4 5. 6.5 Te 9. Damascus (Gadeau de Keryille). 76 Dd 29 10 20 19 32 os 55 x 76 51 27 13 23 19-20 29 } Ff 5 76 51 Path 9 20 19) 29 9 55 75 52 29 11 22 18 32 55 53 75 55 27 12 22 19 31 F ‘ 5 74 53 27 12 22 18 32 - 5 53 74 50 27 10 21 18-20 32 - 3 a 12 51 28 10 21 20-19) Bill ss ; ? 72 51 29 iil 18 20-19 30 A 5 68 D0 27 10 20 13 30 e a ; 6 ow) 52 28 itil 22 17-18 30 1 5 iS 52 2 12 a) 21 3 ss Bs % 5 0 50 28 iil 18 20-19 29 > 3 % 5 oO) 51 28 12 21 18-20 82 6. Beirut (Lataste Coll.) . 73 56 25 7 2230 * y Ae! oa ccs OV 59 26 10 24 20-21 29 a ASW (oya een y ot aed Pogo toes oa. ee tol) LOD) 62 26 10 22 19 31 Ora Ee 57 55 27 10 23 21 30 aia JSUT 6 5 4 5 6 6 0 5 oo 57 25 10 18 W819) «32 * 5 Sto Be Pr ocd. Mari aye, “Il 61 25 9 21 19520 3 x 5 AS Sea tee OU. 54 25 9 21 20 3 % *) Ao Misia en eon Saari 88 59 24 9 20 iff all 23 ra Sits g eee tl ew) oreo) 54 26 9 20 17-18 27 ” a Ho reg tS Al ce ocean ah 50 26 10 WS) abyss XO) a, Wendl Seti o 5 2 6 6 ae oa oO 61 26 11 21 20-21 Sill Habitat. Syria; also recorded from Rhodes and Cyprus. Although I have, in the course of the past forty years, looked over several large collections of Cyprus reptiles, I have never come across a specimen of this or any other species of Lacerta from that Island. A small series of reptiles, collected by Mr. C. G. Danford on Rhodes in 1879, contains examples of one Lacerta only, L. viridis, var. major. ‘The record of this species from the Cilician Taurus by Werner (Jahrb. Nat. Ver. Magdeb. f. 1896— 1897, p. 7) is perhaps based on some variety of L. danfordii. In all probability LZ. /wvis is directly derived from a form closely related to LL. brandtii. here is not a single character opposed to such a derivation. LACERTA JAYAKARI. Lacerta jayakari Bouleng. Cat. Liz. ii. p. 40, pl. it. (1887). JX i »~P t=) Head and body moderately depressed. Head 1} to 1? times as long as broad; snout pointed, as long as postocular part of head; depth of head in the tympanic region equal to the distance between the anterior corner of the eye and the tympanum; cheeks rather swollen in the male; pileus 2+ to 2} times as long as broad. Neck ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. 65 slightly constricted. Hind limb reaching the collar or a little beyond in the male, the axil or the shoulder in the female ; foot as long as the head or a little longer. ‘Tail cylindrical, a little more than twice the length of head and body. Nostril pierced between the nasal, two postnasals, the first upper labial, and the rostral. Nasals forming a rather long suture behind the rostral; frontonasal as long as broad or a little broader than long; frontal usually shorter than its distance from the rostral, 1} to 14 times as long as broad, as broad, behind, as the major supra- oculars in the adult (narrower in the young); parietals 1} to 1% times as long as broad, with straight or slightly convex outer border, not in contact with the upper postocular ; occipital usually as long as and much broader than the interparietal, sometimes shorter and but little broader. Major supraoculars, of which the first is usually the longer, separated from the superciliaries by a complete series of granules ; 7 to 9 superciliaries, the suture between the first and second sometimes vertical, sometimes oblique. Rostral largely entering the nostril; two superposed postnasals; anterior loreal much shorter than second; 6 upper labials anterior to the subocular *, the lower border of which is usually but little shorter than the upper. Temple covered with minute granules, which are smaller than the dorsal scales; the granules in front of the ear may have a tendency to form a denticulation; no masseteric shield; tympanic shield usually well developed, sometimes very small ; a large anterior upper temporal shield, in contact with the fourth supraocular, followed by a series of 2 or 3 smaller shields. Pterygoid teeth present. 45 to 50 granular scales in a straight line between the symphysis of the chin-shields and the median collar-plate; no gular fold. Collar with feebly serrated edge, com- posed of 15 to 16 plates, all except the median very small, Scales on body very small, granular, round, convex, smooth or very indistinctly keeled, mostly with a distinct sensory pit; the interstitial skin with very minute granules ; 85 to 95 scales across the body; 4 or 5 lateral scales correspond to the length of a ventral plate; 48 to 68 transverse series of scales, in the middle of the body, correspond to the length of the head. Ventral plates in 8 longitudinal and 27 to 29 transverse series ; the plates of the second series from the median line usually broader than the others, those of the outer series smallest. Praanal plate small, bordered by 2 or 3 semicircles of smaller plates. Scales on upper surface of tibia a little larger than dorsals, obtusely keeled, 29 or 30 lamellar scales under the fourth toe, 25 to 29 femoral pores on each side, the two series nearly meeting in the middle. Upper caudal scales narrow, straight or nearly straight, strongly keeled, truncate, * 7 on one side in one of the specimens. VOL. XX1.—ParT I. No. 9.—June, 1916. K 66 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS with a very distinct apical sensory pit; the whorls nearly equal in length; 42 to 50 scales in the fourth or fifth whorl behind the postanal granules. Young (Pl. 1V. fig. 7) olive-grey above, with numerous black and whitish spots, which have a tendency to run together to form wavy transverse bars; a black spot on each upper labial shield; temple white with three black vertical bars; lower parts yellowish white. These markings disappear with age, the adult (PI. IV. fig. 6) being uniform pale greyish or brownish olive, with more or less distinct traces of the spots on the body and of the markings on the sides of the head. Measurements (in millimetres) :— 3. oes From end of snout to vent . . 162 155 5 ¥ - fore limb. 65 65 EeadiUle go tie Aes eee ae 38 37 Wikiohiv Oe lel 5 a o 6c o & DT 22 Dyan Ge Inel GG 6 o 5 « c 23 20 Ike tio 6 5 oS oa 6 6 © 56 55 lability, 5 «o o a 9 (6 o 90 85 ILOOt Saha ls. yer ong piece ai ieee 42 39 alos Maca. so eee aces ae es are BO, — Particulars of Specimens examined. - *]), 2 oe 4. 5. 6. lis a. Re. earee Bet lio? 87 27 15 47 28-27 30 ae 150 85 27 14 48 29 30 4 124 85 28 ? 45 26 29 Boh fo oe ke a OL 95 27 13 50 28-27 29 MMA podbean ac io 2 93 29 15 48 27-26 30 152 86 29 16 48 25 29 * For explanation of numbers, see p. 48. Habitat. Lacerta jayakari, named after its discoverer, the late Surgeon-Major A. S. G. Jayakar, is known only from Muscat, Arabia. ‘This is the giant of the Section Podarcis. In conformity with the frequent if not absolutely general rule in this genus that in allied forms an increase in size is accompanied by a finer scaling (L. agilis—viridis—ocellata, L. muralis typica—nigri- ventris—bedriage) the size of the scales is so much reduced as to render the definition of this species by a numerical formula extremely easy. It is true that the same high number of scales across the body and of plates in the collar is reached in L. muralis, var. lilfordi, but the number of gular scales remains lower (40 the maximum), the temporal scales are larger, there are fewer longitudinal rows of ventral plates and anterior labials, and the postnasal is single. I regard L. levis as the nearest ally of Z. jayakari. The greater difference in the general proportions between the two sexes, the shorter head, the coarser lepidosis, ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS, 67. the presence of a large masseteric shield, the number of ventral plates and of femoral pores, and the pattern of markings are the most striking characters distinguishing the former from the latter, which is one of the most sharply defined species of the genus Lacerta. But I do not suggest a derivation of L. jayakari from L. levis; 1 imagine these two species to have been independently evolved out of forms closely related to L. brandtii, nearly all the characters of which appear to support such an assumption. LACERTA DANFORDIL. Zootoca danfordi Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 818, fig. Lacerta danfordi Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 1879, p. 30; Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 741; Bedriaga, Abh. Senck. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 259; Bouleng. Cat. Liz. iii. p. 37, pl. i. fig. 2 (1887); Boettg. Sitzb. Ak. Berl. 1888, p. 163; Werner, Sitzb. Ak. Wien, exi. i. 1902, p- 1090, Zool. Anz. xxvii. 1904, p. 255, and Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xix. 1904, p. 333, pls. xxiii. fig. 3, and xxiv. figs. 7, 11; Méhely, Ann. Mus. Hung. xii. 1909, p. 452, fig., pls. xiii. figs. 4, 5, and xiv. figs. 5-8. Lacerta oxycephala, vars. modesta, maculata, part., Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 1881, p. 80. Lacerta greca Bedriaga, Abh. Senck. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 290 ; Werner, Wiss. Mitth. Bosn. Herzeg. vi. 1899, p. 833, and Zool. Anz. xxvii. 1904, p. 256; Méhely, t.c. p. 463, pls. xiii. figs. 6, 7, and xy. figs. 1-4 ; Schreib. Herp. Eur. ed, 2, p. 403 (1912). Lacerta anatolica Werner, Anz. Ak. Wien, 1900, p. 269, Sitzb. Ak. Wien, exi. i. 1902, p. 1083, pl. iii., Zool. Jahrb., Syst. xix. 1903, p. 331, pl. xxiv. figs. 5, 12, 14, and Zool. Anz. xxvii. 1904, p. 259 ; Méhely, t. c. p. 442, pls. xiii. figs. 1-3, and xiv. figs. 1-4. Lacerta oertzent Werner, Zool. Anz. xxvii. 1904, p. 258; Schreib. op. cit. p. 402. The following description is drawn up exclusively from the type-specimens, from Zebil Bulghar Dagh, Cilician, Taurus. Head and body rather strongly depressed, but less than in LZ. oxycephala, more. as in some specimens of the typical Z. muralis. Head 12 to a little over 14 times as long as broad, its depth, in the tympanic region, equal to the distance between the anterior corner or the centre of the eye and the anterior border of the tympanum; snout obtusely pointed, as long as or a little shorter than postocular part of head; cheeks not much swollen in the male; length of pileus 2 to 24 times its width. Neck at least as broad as head. Hind limb reaching the shoulder or the collar in the male, the axil in the female; foot as long as the head or a little longer (not more than once and one-third). ‘Tail cylindrical, nearly twice or more than twice as long as head and body. Nostril pierced between the nasal, two postnasals, the first upper labial, and the rostral. Nasals forming a suture behind the rostral; frontonasal as long as broad or, more often, broader than long, 2 to 3 times as long as the suture between the prefrontals. Frontal 14 to 1? times as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, as broad as or a little narrower, behind, than the K 2 68 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS principal supraoculars, not in contact with the first supraocular, although sometimes very narrowly separated from it. Parietals 1} (young) to 1} times as long as broad, usually not in contact with the upper postocular*, the outer border more or less distinctly notched for the accommodation of the large temporal. Occipital as long as or shorter thant, and as broad as or broader than the interparietal. ‘The two major supraoculars, equal in length or the first longer, separated from the superciliaries by a complete series of granules; the fourth supraocular usually in contact with the upper temporal. 6 or 7 superciliaries, second longest, the suture between them all vertical or nearly so. ‘Two superposed postnasals; two loreals, first usually shorter than second. A rather large semitransparent area in the lower eyelid, with 7 to 9 vertically elongate shields. 5 upper labials anterior to the subocular{, the lower border of which is much shorter than the upper. ‘Temporal region with small granular scales; masseteric shield small or absent § ; tympanic present; a large anterior upper temporal, followed by granular scales. No pterygoid teeth ||. 22 to 27 scales and granules in a straight line between the symphysis of the chin- shields and the median collar-plate; gular fold absent or merely indicated. Collar not serrated, composed of 9 to 12 moderate or small plates. Body covered with small smooth granules (sometimes faintly keeled on the posterior part of the back), which are a little smaller on the sides than on the back ; 55 to 62 scales across the middle of the body, 3 or 4 transverse series corresponding to a ventral plate, 31 to 44 in the middle of the back corresponding to the length of the head. Ventral plates as often in 8 as in 6 longitudinal series, the fourth series on each side composed of smaller but quite well-developed plates; in 26 to 29 transverse series. Preeanal plate small or very small, in one (male) specimen divided into two, bordered by two or more series of small plates or scales; granules between the preanal plate and the anal cleft 4. Scales on upper surface of tibia obtusely keeled, smaller than dorsals. 27 to 3 lamellar scales under the fourth toe. 20 to 25 femoral pores on each side **. Caudal scales truncate, the upper more or less oblique, diagonally and strongly but rather obtusely keeled, the lower smooth; apical pits usually very distinct; the * In contact in 3 cases out of 16. + In one specimen barely half as long. + Rarely 4 or 6, according to Werner. § Present in 5 cases only out of 16. || Minute teeth or their traces may be present, according to Mchely. @ Absent, however, in one of the specimens (femal ). The importance of this character has been exaggerated by Méhely. I have shown that it is also found in Z. greca, as well as in some specimens of L. muralis. ** Rarely 16 to 19 and 26, fide Bedriaga, Werner, and Mchely. ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. 69 -whorls not very unequal in length; 30 to 34 scales in the fourth or fifth whorl, two, behind the postanal granules, enlarged in males (PI. V. fig. 1). Adult males (Pl. V. fig. 1) olive-grey or brownish above, with blackish dots and traces of round light spots ; younger males with round whitish spots edged with dark brown ; sipes closely speckled with black, with dark-edged, round, light spots; head, including lips, speckled with black; limbs speckled or reticulated with black, with more or less distinct, round, light spots; tail without spots, except at the base ; belly greenish white (in spirit), with blackish dots *. Females and young (PI. V. fig. 2) with black dots or spots or a black network enclosing round light spots; a light unspotted area along each side of the back, from each parietal shield; belly unspotted or with small black spots. Measurements (in millimetres) :— dg. g. 2. 2 From end of snout to vent 18: 62 56 52 EA . ss fore limb. 32 24 22 21 eadie a ern ute be des Site LS aly; 14 13 Waidthiotheadi 4 3. 3. = . 13 11 10 9 1Dlajohl@enenh BT Gh a ee 9 8 6 6 Orenlimbpia cet mas eo tek cy 5) co 23 20 20 Jubischitiilie” 6 eee he aeons ech 38 31 30 WGOGMEc ete fee st ee IS 20 16 17 Tienlcwee ect arene Hew te se oe PD 140 — 93 Habitat. The types are from Zebil Bulghar Dagh, 4000 feet, presented by Mr. C. G. Danford. Dr, Werner's specimens are from Dumbellek Dagh, also in the Cilician ‘Taurus. ‘The young specimen from Kaisarieh, referred to this species in the ‘Catalogue of Lizards,’ belongs to Latastia cappadocica Werner. ‘The Syrian specimen mentioned by Barbour (Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club, v. 1914, p. 84) under the name of Lacerta danfordi should be compared with L. levis. Var. ANATOLICA Werner. The type-specimen (female) of this form is from near Eski Shehir, in Central Asia Minor, and I am indebted to Dr. Werner for the examination of two males from the same locality, one of which he has presented to the British Museum and is figured on Pl, V. fig. 8. L. oertzeni Werner, based on Boettger’s L. danfordii from Rhodes, Samos, and Nicaria (S. Sporades), is regarded by Méhely as identical with Z. anatolica, although he has omitted to refer to Werner’s name in the synonymy. According to Werner’s original description, Z. anatolica is similar to LD. danfordii, but nearer to L. orycephala. 1 can see no reason for any near approximation to the latter species, and Méhely more correctly regards L. anatolica and L. danfordii as * Reddish white or red in life, according to Werner; the lips are also red or reddish, according to the same author, 70 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS ‘«‘ Schwesterarten,”’ agreeing in the most important morphological characters and conforming to the same primary pattern of coloration. The only important difference resides in the longer head, which is 1$ times as long as broad in the specimen before me (pileus nearly twice as long as broad, parietal shields nearly twice as long as broad), a difference, however, not greater than between two extreme specimens of the var. ¢idiquerta of Z. muralis, or even of the typical form in the wide sense. I am also far from convinced that this character would hold good if put to the test of a cousiderable material (which has not been the case) ; in fact, if Schreiber’s figure of one of the type-specimens of LZ. oertzeni is to be at all trusted, the shape of the head may be absolutely the same as in a typical L. danfordii (length 20, width 14, parietals barely once and a half as long as broad), Another character to which undue importance has been accorded by both Werner and Méhely is the number of longitudinal rows of ventral plates, supposed to be 6 in LL. danfordii and 8 in L. anatolica. However, I have already pointed out that there may be 8 series in the types of LZ. danfordii, and 6 or 8 is given as the number in L. oertzeni, which is united with L. anatolica by Méhely. There is no constancy in another character appealed to by the latter author, viz., the presence of a detached portion of the rostral between it and the nostril, an anomaly which may occur in any species of Lacerta, and which, besides, is not shown by Werner’s male specimen. The divided anal* is also inconstant, and is besides shown by one of the types of Ih danfordii, the very one figured by Giinther when first describing the species. ‘The continental specimens have 53 to 60 scales across the body, 8 longitudinal and 27 to 29 transverse series of ventrals, and 15 to 21 femoral pores on each side. ‘Those from the S. Sporades (Rhodes, Simi, Samos, Nicaria) have, according to Boettger, 62 to 66 scales, 6 or 8 longitudinal rows of ventrals, and 15 to 21 femoral pores. There are sometimes 6 anterior upper labials, as in the type of L. anatolica F. The type-specimen of L. anatolica is described as greyish above, with grey reticulation and two series of black spots with a tendency to form a network ; a blackish lateral band with a series of whitish ocellar spots; below this a second series of less distinct ocellar spots; limbs with large white, dark-edged, round spots and small black dots ; sutures between the labials black; lower parts with black dots. This coloration agrees very closely with that of young specimens of L. danfordii. TBoettger describes his Nicaria adult specimens (Z. certzeni) as bluish grey above, with three longitudinal bands of black spots, and the lower parts uniform bluish tinged with orange, and the young as quite black above, with four pale green longitudinal streaks, the outer broken up into spots. There is, therefore, much variation in the markings of the specimens referred to L. anatolica by Méhely, who also figures some covered with round whitish spots, and with dark cross-bars on the tail, and observes that, although * Which Schreiber incorrectly describes as a very small anal. + Out of 5 specimens from the same locality, described later by Werner, 4 have 5 anterior upper labials, as in the typical L. dunfordu. ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. 71 at first sight very different from Z. danfordii, closer examination reveals these different patterns to belong to the same fundamental plan. Measurements (in millimetres) of a male from near Eski Shehir :— From end of snout to vent . .... =. 72 5 . - LOUGH IEE wees re ee AL OU LHGECE ey EP eh en ee Seer nee oe ral WWatolileGhe dalsitale) ee tyne mente eh cl wre en rma fe Depp @nleerl “Go 6 6 9 GG ee & 9 [Mom WGtentiin us) Sign Syeveonne ascent ate ry ar mene-C0 Eline Dee eke ES” Ok sia feats cs. ce 20) HOO Mean iLes tales eh cy oh are oe IL According to Werner, the variation in the proportion of length to width of head is 1, 38 to 1, 44 in Z. danfordii*, 1,53 to 1, 74 in LZ. anatolica. This is really the only difference on which the two forms can be based, and I believe it would break down were the specimens from the Southern Sporades re-examined. All the other characters that have been adduced in favour of separation (viz., relation of rostral to nostril, number of longitudinal rows of ventrals, anal scutellation, shape and size of the occipital, and coloration) are subject to such variation as to be useless, and are mostly disposed of by an examination of the series of specimens on which I. danfordii was established. Habitat. Asia Minor and Southern Sporades. Var. @rzca, Bedriaga f. This is a distinct form, known only from Southern Greece, which is, however, so closely related to, and so completely counected with, J. danfordii that, according to the standard adopted in the genus Lacerta (L. ocellata, L. viridis, L. muralis), 1 cannot accord it higher rank than that of subspecies. ‘That is, after all, perhaps only a matter of opinion, but what is important is to dispose of the statements hitherto made by different authors as to the characters which were believed to justify a specific separation, such as a longer and flatter head, longer limbs, the shape and size of the occipital shield, the temporal scutellation, the coloration, etc. [, by showing how far they are to be relied upon, and what importance is to be attached to them by analogy * 1, 55 in one of the specimens of which measurements are given above. + The name modesta Bedriaga, which has priority over graca, cannot be used, being preoccupied in the genus (ZL. muralis, var. modesta Eimer). + It may be interesting to reproduce here the reasons given by the original describer of LZ. greca for distinguishing it from Z. danfordii. ‘* Da man kiirzlich versucht hat Z. danfordi mit L. greca zu vereinigen, so will ich hierselbst auf die Hauptunterschiede, welche ich zwischen dem mir vorliegenden Exemplar von L. danfordi und den greca gefunden zu haben glaube, hinweisen: L. danfordi. Kopf pyramidal, Rumpf nahezu walzenférmig. Occipitale kleiner als das Interparietale, Massetericum vorhanden; gewolbte, gegen den Schwanz hin gekielte Rumpfschuppen. 19 Schenkeldriisen. ZL. greca. Kopf und Rumpf abgeplattet. Occipitale grésser als das Interparieiale, Massetericum fehlend ; ziemlich fluche, gegen den Schwanz hin schwach eingedriickte Rumpfschuppen. 22-24 Schenkeldriisen.” (Bedriaga, op. cit. p. 246.) 72 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS with the variations recognised in other better-known allied species, such as LZ. muralis and L. oaycephala. The head is often somewhat flatter and more elongate than in L. danfordii, but not constantly, one adult male (from Kambos) being in this respect absolutely identical with one of the types from Asia Minor (see p. 69, measurements, column 2). This individual variation, which is not even so great as in L. muralis, var. bocagii, is best shown by measurements of a few specimens :— 3. 2 ae Son ei aes mil ps Doe We 2 3. 4, 5. 6 ts 8 Length of head . . , 20 19 19 We 17 17 16 15 Width of head KD WY) 13 iil 10 10 10 9 Depth of head . . . 85 9 9 8 8 8 7 6 Length of pileus. . . 19 18 18 Ie 16 16 15 14 Width of pileus. . . 9 9 9 fos) 8:5 8 (8) 7 1. Langhada. 2-4, Kambos. 5, 8. Lada, 6, 7. Megali. The head is thus seen to be roughly 13 to 1% times as long as broad, the length of the pileus about twice its width ; the depth of the head equals the distance between the centre of the eye and the anterior border of the tympanum ; snout obtusely pointed, as long as or a little longer than postocular part of head. Proportions of limbs and tail as in the typical form. Rostral usually entering the nostril, sometimes narrowly separated from it. Upper head-shields as in the typical form, except that, when the head is more elongate, the frontal and frontonasal are longer in proportion ; first supraocular often * in contact with the frontal; parietal rarely in contact with the upper postocular + ; occipital usually as Jong as and broader than the interparietal, sometimes much broader and longer, though always narrower than the frontal }; 6 to 8 superciliaries, first usually longest. Of the two superposed postnasals, the upper is divided into two in one specimen ; first loreal sometimes as long as second, sometimes shorter. 5 anterior upper labials, rarely 6 9; lower border of subocular usually but little shorter than the upper, but sometimes much shorter; upper temporal sometimes very small; no masseteric shield |]. 26 to 33 scales and granules between the chin-shields and the collar, which is composed of 9 to 12 plates. Scales smooth or faintly keeled on the posterior part of the body 9, 52 to 61 across the body **. Ventral plates constantly in 6 longitudinal series and in 25 to 30 transverse series, Preanal plate rather large, bordered by one or two series of scales; the granules * In 5 specimens out of 10 in the British Museum, in 8 out of 10 examined by Méhely. + In 5 cases out of 22. + Sometimes smaller than the interparietal, according to Schreiber. § In 2 cases out of 22. || Exceptionally present, fide Schreiber. | More distinctly keeled in a male from Kambos than in any of the typical ZL. danfordit. ** 48 to 65, fide Méhely. ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. Ta between the anal plate and the anal cleft, believed to be characteristic of Z. danfordii and ZL. anatolica, as often present * as absent (Pl. V. fig. 5d). Caudal scales truncate, not or but slightly oblique, the upper with obtuse keels bordered on each side, in the posterior two-thirds of the scale, by a more or less distinct depression or groove}; apical pits very distinct ; the whorls usually not very unequal in length, sometimes nearly equal; 30 to 40 scales in the fourth or fifth whorl, 27 to 32 lamelle under the fourth toe. 20 to 28 (usually 21 to 24) femoral pores on each side {. . Grey, brownish, or olive above, uniform on the back (Pl. V. fig. 4), or with blackish dots or rather large blackish spots (Pl. V. figs. 5-7) irregularly disposed or forming two more or less regular longitudinal series from the occiput to the base of the tail, which is uniform or spotted like the body, but more cross-barred; upper surface of head uniform or with small black spots, sides, including the lips, much spotted, the temples often with round, light, dark-edged spots; sides of body usually darker than the back, with a dark network enclosing lighter spots or with very well-marked ocellar spots, one of which, above the shoulder, may be enlarged and of a blue colour ; upper surface of limbs often with round, light, dark-edged spots. Belly greyish or pale yellow in females, bright yellowin males ), uniform or with small black spots, or black edges to the shields; blue spots on the outer ventral shields. In their markings, some of the specimens of Z. greca and L. danfordii are almost identical. I have not seen the young of the Greek form, nor have I been able to find an allusion to it in the descriptions to which I have had access. Measurements (in millimetres) :— itis 2. Ss) 4, 3D From end of snout to vent 76 73 65 69 61 5 oa * fore limb. . 32 29 27 27 25 UCM Brae de toe le kc, BL eee a 20 19 17 iy) ale Waidithrotihendests wheat waa 5) ) aLe 11 11 10 9 Mepthrok head! ~) . 8s. 5 $0) 8 8 8 6 fore limb . Pah sg us Aree as Bach) 25 24 23 21 Fb limibpek pein uccc cers Nis cegin oer 39 36 34 32 LiNs}ir fl se ee eee oak 22 20 19 13 17 Peewee ab. Wee ae eae dO Wee UR AD 1. g, Langhada. 2. g, Taygetos (one of the types). 3. g, Kambos. 4. 2, Megali. 5. 9, Lada. * In 6 specimens out of 11. T This peculiarity, which is to be found, though less marked, in some specimens of the typical Z. danfordii, is conveyed, in a somewhat exaggerated form, by Méhely’s figure 7 on pl. xiii. + In one of the specimens (one of Bedriaga’s types) there are a few additional pores, forming a second series. § Werner has attached great importance to the coloration in defining Z. grwca as distinct from L. dan- fordi, the former being yellow beneath (in life) and the latter red or reddish. ‘There are several forms of ZL, muralis in which such a difference is to be found among different individuals, often even in the same locality. The statement that the loreal region is unspotted is contradicted by some of the specimens before me. VOL. xx1.—Part I. No. 10.— June, 1916. i e 74 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS Habitat. This form is so far known only from a small part of Southern Greece (Morea), the Taygetos Mountains and neighbouring hills. Particulars of Specimens examined. 1 2, 3 4, 5. 6. de 8. Forma TYPICA. EP od ch ds a one oe 58 8 27 9 Dy 25 30 wt vee 74 62 8 28 10 25 23-22 31 oe. 62 58 6 26 12 25 21 Bel Ss ° : 59 55 6 26 12 24 24 28 SpaD ys 56 56 6 29 at 25 23-22" 728 Saat Bee 52 56 8 28 iL 22202 Var. ANATOLICA. A, lise Slate's) 6 6 6 5 0 a 84 53 8 27 13 25 L9=20) 2G rs = (Werner Coll.) . 69 56 8 29 12) R24: 20 Be Var. GRECA. 3. Taygetos, type (ataste Coll.) . 73 56 6 26 112 27 23 27 », Langhada, nr. Sparta 76 59 6 26 10 27 23-24 32. 9. 3 3 62 58 6 29 11 26 20 28 ¢. Kambos . 5) 60 6 28 10 33 26-28 «29 ‘ 73. 53: 66) 826) 00 10) s eosyeRp esos wos oe 53 : 65 61 6 26 10 29 25-24 27 55. lback 5 “6 66 53 6 25 9 29 24-23 28 Oe akin 7 Tables te oh TR saa 61 58 6 27 g) 29 22-21 28 om Mepalit somes imme e 55 59 6 28 10 30 21-23 32 aces 69 53 6 28 9 29 93-22 30 ay 3 MOS Ges BV L567 52 6 30 10 28 zal 29 Column 3 refers to the longitudinal rows of ventral plates, 4-8 as in 3-7 of preceding tables. The three forms may be diagnosed as follows :—— Forma typica. Head about 12 to 1} times as long as broad; ventrals in 6 or 8 longitudinal rows; preanal small or very small, usually undivided ; upper caudal scales oblique ; femoral pores 16 to 25. ‘ Var. anatolica. Head about 1} to 13 times as long as broad ; ventrals in 8 (rarely 6) longitudinal rows; praanal usually divided; upper caudal scales oblique ; femoral pores 15 to 21. Var. greca. Head about 14 to 1} times as long as broad ; ventrals in 6 longitudinal rows; preanal rather large, undivided; upper caudal scales straight or slightly oblique ; femoral pores 20 to 28; frontal often in contact with first supraocular. To allow these three forms the rank of species would be to impair the sense of proportion in comparison with other species, taken even in the narrow conception adopted by Méhely, as, for instance, his Z. savicola, in which at least equally a ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. i) important differences in the shape of the head, in the lepidosis, and in the number of femoral pores * are used for the definition of varieties or subspecies only. Lacerta danfordii is intermediate between L. levis and L. oxycephala. From the former it differs chiefly in the absence or vestigial condition of the pterygoid teeth, in the more depressed head, in the absence or faintness of the gular fold, in the absence or small size of the masseteric shield, in the smaller occipital shield in the male, and usually in the absence of keels on the dorsal scales; from the latter in the less pointed snout, in the less flattened head, in the more frequent absence of the masseteric shield, in the longer toes with more numerous lamell inferiorly, and in the absence of strongly enlarged subcaudal scales, the latter difference being a very striking one, accompanied by that furnished by the markings on the tail. LACERTA OXYCEPHALA. Lacerta oxycephala, part., Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. v. p. 235 (1839) ; Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 404 (1875). Podarvis oxycephala Bonap. Amph. Eur. p. 36 (1840). Lacerta oxycephala Bedriaga, Abh. Senck. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 276, pl. —. figs. 16, 29; Schreib. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xli. 1891, p. 579; Tomasini, Wiss. Mitth. Bosn. Herzeg. ii. 1894, p- 571; Werner, Rept. Amph. Oesterr.-Ung. p. 45, pl. ii. fig. 5 (1897), and op. cit. x. 1907, p- 661; Méhely, Ann. Mus. Hung. vii. 1909, p. 468, pl. xiii. fig. 8, and pl. xv. figs. 6, 7, 9; Schreib. Herp. Eur. ed. 2, p. 383 (1912). Lacerta tomasinii Schreib. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xli. 1891, p. 580. Head and body strongly depressed. Head 13 to 13 times as long as broad, its depth, in the tympanic region, equal to the distance between the centre or the posterior corner of the eye and the anterior border of the tympanum; occipital region quite flat or even a little concave ; supraocular region rather convex ; snout pointed, as long as or a little longer than postocular part of head; ckeeks more or less swollen in the male ; length of pileus 2 to 2} times its width. Neck at least as broad as head. Hind limb reaching the shoulder or the collar in the male, the elbow or the axil in the female; foot as long as the head in the male, a little longer in the female; toes comparatively short. ‘ail cylindrical, flattened at the base, about twice as long as head and body. Nostril between the nasal, two postnasals f, and the first upper labial, the rostral being always excluded. Nasals usually in contact with each other, the median suture often very short ; exceptionally ¢ the rostral forms'a more or less extensive suture with * It was at one time believed that ZL. anatolica differs from LZ. danfordii in having fewer femoral pores. A more recent statement by Werner (1903) has, however, disposed of this supposed difference, which, even had it been confirmed, could not be accorded much importance, considering the range of variation in species known from a large material (13-25 in the typical LZ. muralis, 16-24 in LZ, levis and L. oxycephala, 12-24 in L. dugesii). + I have come across but one exception, a male from Lissa, in which the postnasal is single on the right side. ¢ In one specimen from Curzola and in two from Brestica. L 2 76 MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS the frontonasal, which is usually at least as long as broad; suture between the pre- frontals often very short; an azygous shield rarely present between the prefrontals *. Frontal 13 to 1? times as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or from the end of the snout, narrower, behind, than the principal supraoculars, often } in contact with the first supraocular or the several small shields or granules into which it may be disintegrated. Parietals 14 (young) to 1} times as long as broad, usually not in contact with upper postocular {. Occipital always shorter than the interparietal and usually broader, sometimes much broader, ‘The two major supraoculars, which are equal in length or the first slightly the longer, separated from the superciliaries by a complete series of granules, sometimes by two; the fourth supraocular usually in contact with the upper temporal. 6 to 8, rarely 9, superciliaries, the suture between them all vertical or nearly so. ‘Two superposed postnasals; anterior loreal shorter than second. Usually 5, some- times 6, rarely 4 §, upper labials anterior to the subocular, the lower border of which is as long as the upper, or a little shorter. ‘Temporal region with small granular scales ; masseteric shield large or small, sometimes absent ||; tympanic present; a large upper temporal, well visible from above, usually followed by one, two, or three smaller shields. No pterygoid teeth in the specimens examined 4. 30 to 39 (usually 33 to 37) scales and granules in a straight line between the symphysis of the chin-shields and the median collar-plate ; gular fold very indistinct or totally absent. Collar not serrated, composed of 10 to 13 (exceptionally 8 or 6) small or very small plates, which may be scarcely larger than the scales in front of them. Body covered with small, flat, roundish granules, which are a little smaller on the sides than on the back; 59 to 75 (usually 63 to 70) scales across the middle of the body, 3 or 4 (rarely 5) transverse series corresponding to a ventral plate, 31 to 50 in the middle of the back corresponding to the length of the head. Ventral plates in 6 (rarely 8) longitudinal and 25 to 30 transverse series; the plates of the six rows sometimes subequal in width, sometimes unequal, those of the median row from the middle line the broadest ; when in § series, the plates of the outer row very narrow **, Preanal plate moderate or rather small, bordered by one or, more usually, two series of small plates, of which a median pair may be more or less enlarged. * In one specimen from Dalmatia (Bedriaga Collection) and in one from Curzola. In 22 cases out of 38. In 29 cases out of 33. 5 labials in 23 cases, 6 in 11, 4 in 4. || Large in 18 cases, small in 13, absent in 7. € Siebenrock (Sitzb. Ak. Wiss. Wien, ciii. i. 1894, p. 254) says they are present. ** 8 rows in 5 out of 19 specimens iu the British Museum. Or +h oP ts mene my we Gd 39 26 9 25 17-18 23 we almeatiaran te terest. - 6S 40 28 9 24 17-19 23 3. Coputne Rundine . . 62 42 25 9 25 16-17 22 Habitat. Mountains of Dalmatia, Herzegovina, and Montenegro, between 700 and 1400 m. altitude. Lacerta mosorensis, in general appearance, occupies an intermediate position between I. muralis (especially such mountain-forms as vars. monticola, horvathi, and chalybdea) and L. oxycephala. Well distinguished among all other species by the large rugose scales on the upper surface of the tibia, and from the two above-named by the larger dorsal scales compared with the laterals. Its real affinities are doubtful and it may well be that its resemblance to L. oxycephala is a case of parallelism, both species being independently derived from some more generalized type akin to L. brandtii. ; LACERTA DUGESII. Lacerta dugesii M.-Edw. Ann. Se. Nat. xvi. 1829, pp. 71 & 84; Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. v. p. 236 (1839) ; Godman, Nat. Hist. Azores, p. 43 (1870) ; Bedriaga, Arch. f. Nat. 1879, p. 330, pl. xviii. fig. 3, and Abh. Senck. Ges. xiv. 1886, p. 308; Bouleng. Cat. Liz. iii. p. 35 (1887). Teira punctata Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 1838, p. 280, and Cat. Liz. p. 33 (1845). Lacerta maderensis Girard, U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p 200, pl. xxiv. figs. 1-8 (1858). - Lacerta punctata Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 743. Form and general proportions much as in the typical ZL. mwralis. Head 14 to 14 times as long as broad, its depth, in the tympanic region, equal to the distance between the anterior corner or the centre of the eye and the anterior border of the tympanum ; snout pointed *, rarely rather obtuse, as long as postocular part of head ; cheeks more or less swollen in the male; length of pileus 14 to 2 times its width. Neck at least as broad as head; body rather strongly depressed. Hind limb reaching the axil, the shoulder, or the collar in the male, the wrist or the axil in the female. Foot usually longer than the head, as long as the head in very large specimens. Tail cylindrical or depressed at the base (elliptic in section) 14 to 2 times as long as head and body. * Particularly in specimens from Porto Santo. VOL. XXI.—ParT I. No. 11,—J/une, 1916. M @) Lo MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS Nostril between the nasal, two postnasals, and the first upper labial; rostral nearly always excluded*. Nasals forming a median suture; prefrontals forming an exten- sive median suture, unless (very rarely) separated by an azygous shield. Frontal as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the rostral, 14 to 13 times as long as broad, broader throughout than the supraoculars. Parietals 14 to 1% times as long as broad, in contact with the upper postocular, outer border straight or convex. Occipital f as long as or shorter than and as broad as or broader than the interparietal, sometimes twice as broad as the latter and as broad as the frontal. The two major supraoculars, of which the first is nearly always the longer, separated from the super- ciliaries by a complete series of granules; first supraocular small, sometimes broken up into two, never in contact with the frontal; fourth also small and sometimes. broken up into two. 6 or 7 superciliaries, first largest, the suture between first and second as often oblique as vertical. Two superposed postnasals ; anterior loreal shorter than second. a 98s. 10 OBS yols=20n 3k fonts : 64. hOh OG.) 12) SL 1881 89 a, . 55 64 61 26 11 28 20 29 * For explanation of numbers, see p. 48. * The left hind limb of this specimen is mutilated, and from the stump of tibia left a new growth has sprung out which in form and scaling resembles the tail of a lizard, tapering to a fine point and clad with whorls of keeled scales (Pl. VII. fig. 4). A somewhat similar outgrowth has been described and figured by Brindley (Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. xi. 1898, p. 686, pl. —. fig. 8) in LZ. muralis, 3. Madeira (Christy) . ” bP) ” 39 9 te) 8 = - oes ove » (Macgillivray) . * » » Bc > > Os i (Grant) ” ” ” Ef 45 (Nicoll) ” be) a2 ” > » iS) m ” ” ” eb) ” - 0 x d. ” 99 29 39 bd oF >) ay 3. Paul, Madeira ” ” ” ve O) ” a2 ” 99 » ” a> 3) be) eB) ” 3. Great Piton . “ap >» ‘5 ep : g. Porto Santo. MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS ) > °. < Deserta Grande a2 e Bugio, 8. Deserta . Great Salvage . bo bo bo bh & bt b WW bb bb bO =I = Cs G2 Cp SU RS Sv =a) Go cp 26 25 19 20-23, 20-19 22 ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. 85 Ls 2: 3. 4. dD. 6. if %. Graciosa, Azores . . . . . 63 63 27 11 30 17 28 a? eee. vex. tee (29, 9 28 doe 199 er 6 eC Se ene a f Orotava, Teneriffe. . . . . 99 57 26 11 26 18 26 ” Habitat. Madeira, Porto Santo, and neighbouring islets; also found in the Azores, on the island of Graciosa, where it is said to have been introduced in the last century *. Duméril and Bibron reported this lizard from Teneriffe, and a young specimen was obtained on that island by the ‘Challenger’ Expedition; the British Museum possesses, besides, a specimen stated to be from Orotava. I do not think this species, although not unlike Z. danfordii in many respects, bears any special affinity to that and other Oriental forms of the group characterized by two postnasals; it stands nearer L. muralis, from which it is well distinguished by the constant presence of the two postnasals combined with the absence of masseteric and upper temporal shields. In the absence of a dark vertebral stripe or series of spots it agrees with Z. muralis, vars. vaucheri and bocagii, which are the continental forms geographically nearest to it (Spanish Peninsula and North-West Africa), and a direct derivation from either of these forms or their common ancestor is highly probable. List of the Specimens in the British Museum. LacERTA AGILIS L. Forma TYPICA. eee Odensjé, Smaland, Sweden. Prof. E. Lénnberg. 2-5. go. Southport, Lancashire. L. Greening, Esq. 6-10. go ¢. Pay; f Dr. G. Leighton. idk he 5 3 O. Grieg, Esq. Ue Sir Studland Heath, near Swanage, Dorset. H.N. Ridley, Esq. 13-14. g 9. ' Poole Heath, Dorset. W. Thompson, Esq. 15-16. ¢. Bournemouth, Hants. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. 17 oe Ringwood, Hants. ; W. Dick, Esq. 18-19. ¢ 2. Near Farnham, Surrey. Bryan Hook, Esq. 20-21. ¢. Frencham Common, near Farnham. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. PET Devil’s Jumps, Frencham Common. E. Britten, Esq.- 23-25. 6 9? & yg. Churt, Surrey. ‘ 26-27. @ & yg. Tilford, Surrey. .. Poe Kelis La Roche-en-Breil, Cote-d’Or. Count X. de Grunne. 29 Or Ax-les-Thermes, Ariége. — G. 8. Miller, Esq. 30. 9 Porté, Pyrénées-Orientales. & * The occurrence of the lizard on Santa Maria is doubtful ; I have not been able to find a reference to it in the work of Morelet, ‘ Iles Acores’ (1860), which has been quoted as the source of the information, 86 B1=32.9 ne. 33-46. 9 & yg. 47-60. 6 2 & yg. 61-67. 9 2? &yg. OS) Nie 69-74. 8 2 & yg 75-79. Ye. 50-83. ¢. 84-85. 3 97-101, 102-103. ¢ ¢. 104-110. 39. J11-117, 118-121. ¢ 9 « yg- MWe, Po Ie}, 124-125. $2. 126-127. ¢ @. 128. 6. WA, Yo Ie Pep Oda 1-3. ¢g. 4-15. 9 2 & yg. Uy IA 17-18,19. 99 &yg. 1-2. 9. 3-4. ¢ & yg 5-6. g. 7-8. 3 & yg. Ort. 1M; Ye iit, Be 12-13. g$ (types of L. paradowa). Oe 15. Yg. 16-20. 3 2. MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS Arlon, Belgium. Mondorf, Luxemburg. Binningen, near Basle. Lausanne. Gryon, Vaud, 4000 ft. Diisseldorf. Baden-Baden. Freiburg, Baden. Hollsteig, Baden, 2430 ft. Berlin. Dresden. Prague. Vienna. Bazias, 8. Hungary. Varpalanka, Com, Bereg, Hungary. Kronstadt, Transylvania. Hermannstadt, Transylvania. Transylvania. Sinaia, Carpathians, Roumania. Var. SPINALIS Werner. Bosnia. Babaplanina, Herzegovina, 4500 ft. Var. CHERSONENSIS Andrzej. Kiew. Zorleni, Burlad Valley, Moldavia. St. George, Danube Delta. Bucarest. Var. ExIGUA Eichw. Moscow. Charkoy. Saratov. Dongus, near Orenburg. Ural. Astrachan. Vladikaukas, Caucasus. Suchum Kaleh, Caucasus. Novorossik, W. Caucasus. Tiflis. Telenovka, L. Gokscha. Rey. G. Fournier. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. Dr. J. Roux. W. Morton, Esq. Mrs. Watson. W.F. Kirby, Esq. G. A. Boulenger, Esq. Hr. V. Fritsch. Dr. F’. Werner. Prof. L. von Méhely. 99 Cc. G:. Danford! Esq. M. A. d. Montandon. Dr. C. Floericke. Dr. F. Werner. Petrograd Museum. M. A. L. Montandon. 3) ” Moscow University. Petrograd Museum. Dr. J. de Beduueas Dr. G. Radde. ” Petrograd Museum. PAIS 22..¢3- 23. 3. 24. ¢. 25-27. 3 2? & her 40-42. ¢ & yg. 48-49, 9 50. 2 51-52. 3. 53-55. fo 9 & her. 16-60. 9 & yg. 61-68. 9° & her 1. 2 (type). 2-4. $2. 5-7. do. $13. 3%, s!: ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. Batum, Transcaucasia. Van, Kurdistan. Kirghiz Steppes. Tlek R. Altyn-Emel, between Kopal and Vernoje. Kungess R., 8. of Kulja. Upper Ili. Lepsinskaja Staniza. Between Semipolatinsk and Ajagus. Arcat Mts., near Semipolatinsk. Ourkatch, distr. of Tourgaisk. Tomsk. Minussinsk, Yeniseisk. Ala Tan. Lepsa, Ala Tau. Tian Shan Mts. Kanaika R., Altai Mts. LAcERTA PARVA Bley. Kaisarieh, Asia Minor. Sari Keny, 3 Berchetti Mandum, Antitaurus. Angora. LAcerTA TAURICA Pall. Forma TYPICA. Crimea. Bakal, Crimea. Sebastopol. Roumania. Cerna Voda, Dobrudja, Roumania. Greci, Roumania. Rutshuk, Bulgaria. ” 3° Bazias, S. Hungary. Budapest-Franzstadt. Rakos, near Budapest. Tsabadka, Hungary. Constantinople. Var. tonica Lehrs. Tyrins to Mykena, Morea. L. Stymphalos, 53 Nision, Mesenia, - ” ”? ”? Dn ~1 Dr. G. Radde. Lyons Museum. Petrograd Museum. Geogr. Society of Bremen. M. Nazarow. Petrograd Museum. Geogr. Society of Bremen. Petrograd Museum. Lord Rothschild. Mr. M. E. Meyer. C. G. Danford, Esq. Dr. F. Werner. Hr. M. Holtz. M.H. Gadeau de Kerville. Petrograd Museum. Petrograd Museum. Dr. F. Werner. M. A. L. Montandon. ”? Dr. F. Werner. M. Kowatscheff. Dr. F. Werner. Dr. P. Lehrs. Prof. L. v. Méhely. ? Dr. R. Ebner. Norman Douglass, Esq. Hr. M. Holtz. Hr. L. Miiller. NOS Sa IE ea 12-16. 3 ? & yg. 1-2. 2 (types). 3-9. 3 2 (types). 10-25. ¢ @. 1. 3 (type). Pa She 3-6. ¢. 7-8. $9. HEP eh Qo 3-5. 3 9 & yg. eee (bye) Dei gO 5-15. 6 3 & her. GU) sae 18-20, 21-23. ¢ 2. 2A 2. Tr. +0 & (ces types). MR. G. A. BOULENGER ON LIZARDS Cephalonia. Hagios Gerasimos, Cephalonia. Argostoli, on Corfu. ” LACERTA PELOPONNESIACA Bibr. Greece. Morea. Olympia. 99 Mykena. Tyrins, Kalamata. L. Stymphalos. LACERTA CHLOROGASTER Bler. Enzeli, S. coast of Caspian Sea, Persia. ” ” ” ” Resht, ” ” ” Lacerta JACKSON Blgr. Mau Ravine, Brit. H. Africa, 7500 ft. Mt. Ruwenzori, 8500 ft. Mt. Elgon, 7000 ft. Kakumega. Lacerta BRANDTIU De Fil. Rasano, Taliscb. Salt Lake near Ardebil, Persia. LAceRTA L&VIS Gray. ? Damascus. rb) Sidon. Jerusalem. Dead Sea. LAcerTA JAYAKARI Bler. Muscat. ” Drak: Werner Hr. L. Miiller. ” R. Frett, Esq. Zoological Society. Dr. J. de Bedriaga. Hr. L. Miiller. Dr. R. Ebner. be) Hr. L. Miiller. Norman Douglass, Esq. R. B. Woosnam, Esq. H. N. Rabino, Esq. C. W. de Bois Maclaren, Hsq. Sir F. J. Jackson. R. B. Woosnam, Esq. R. Kemp, Hsq. H. Turner, Esq. Hr. Leder. M. L. A. Lantz. Dr. J. Anderson. M. H. Gadeau de Kerville. Lyons Museum. Canon Tristram. Surgeon-Major A. 8. G. Jayakar. ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. : 1-2. 3. Kambos, Taygetos. Betsy 5 3 4-5. ¢@. Langhada, __,, 6-8. ¢ 9. Megali, AS 9-10. go. Lada, $s ale Dalmatia. 2-3. 3. Zara, Dalmatia. 4. ¢. Curzola Id., Dalmatia. 5-7 3 2 ” ” Sethe Lissa Id. 9-10. go 2. Gelsa, Lesina Id. Wale Spee Bilak, Herzegovina. Aerie Korito, a Hee ee Trebinje, _,, 14. Yg. Ljubinje, _,, 15-17. ¢ 2 (var. tomasiniz). Brestica, Herzegovina, 4000 ft. Lacerta DANrorDU Gthr. Forma TYPICA. 1-7. ¢ 2 Khgr. (types). Zebil Bulghar Dagh, Cilician Taurus. . Var. ANATOLICA Werner. geet Near Eski Shehir, C. Asia Minor. Var. GR«&cA Bedr. LACERTA OXYCEPHALA D. & B. 18. fof ” Gacko, ”? 19. 2 3 Cettinje, Montenegro. 1-10. g 9. Biokovo Mt., Dalmatia, 4200 ft. re Dalmatia. ee ides Coputne Rundine, Montenegro. 1. 3 (type of 7. punc- = Ma tata). 2-4,5. do. 6-11. 12-15. 16-17. ¢@. 18-24. ¢ 2. 25-32, 33. ¢ 2 & hgr. VOL. XXI1.—PART I. No, 12. cle ae Oy a, a, LACERTA MOSORENSIS Kolomb. LAcERTA DUGESI M.-Edw. deira. —ZJune, 1916. 89 C. G. Danford, Esq. Dr. F. Werner. Dr. M. Holtz. Hr. L. Miiller. Dr. J. de Bedriiga. Hr. Spada-Novak. Florence Museum. Prof. Kolombatovié. Hr. L. Miiller. Dr. F. Werner. Hr. L. Miiller. Dr. F. Werner. ”)? ” Prof. Kolombatovit. Dr. J. de Bedriaga. Hr. L. Miiller. Prof. T. Bell. Capt. Parry. A. Christy, Esq. J. Macgillivray, Esq. W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Esq. M. J. Nicoll, Esq. 90 34-36, 37-40. 3 9. Paul, Madeira, 4000-5000 ft. Gt. Piton. Porto Santo. Gt. Salvage. Deserta Grande. Bugio, 8. Deserta. Graciosa, Azores. Orotava, Teneriffe. Teneriffe. LIZARDS ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. Hon. C. Baring and W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Esq. Ph) ”? W. kt. Ogilvie-Grant, Esq. C. F. Blandy, Esq. W.R. Ogilvie-Grant, Esq. Rk. McAndrew, Hsq. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’ PEATE TE 92, LIZARDS ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. PLATE I. Fig. 1. Lacerta agilis. 3, from life. Near Farnham, Surrey. ¢, Southport, Lancs. Upper view. bo 2 ~ S 2 a. ie a e 5 Lower view. 3}. ss 39 3, Frencham Common, Surrey. Upper view. 4, 5 ; 3, Churt, Surrey. Upper view. 5. 5 ; ¢, Freiburg, Baden. Lower view. 6. , , ¢, Kronstadt, Hungary. Side view. (6 . oS ¢, Transylvania. Side view. 8. A ee 2, Tilford, Surrey. Upper view. 9. ES bs 2, Berlin. Upper view. 10. , i 2, Odensjé, Sweden. Upper view. ale 7 ¥ @, Ax-les-Thermes, Ariége. Upper view. BOULENGEI XXI, VOL. ZOOL. SOG. TRANS Vat “hos sbi a Se, ye abate til Wy hea he hashed - < hy a, s prune -- Te ee ae tie PHOTO J. GREEN AGILIS. LACERTA 94 Biss. Oo bo : . SS ce LIZARDS ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. PLATE ILI. Lacerta agilis, var. chersonensis. ¢, Bucarest. Upper view. aA hie 3 2, Zorleni, Moldavia. Upper view. Be a. var. exigua. 3, lelenovka, Caucasus. Upper view. a so Bees a 3, Saratov, Volga. Upper view. x 55 a 2, Tomsk, Upper Obi. Upper view. k oho Tae as ?, Kanaika R., Altai. Upper view. ee a Mee RB: ?, Minussinsk, Yeniseisk. Upper view. “A so) ee _ ?, Ielenovka, Caucasus. Posterior part of body, lower view. xX 2. i 13, ieee - 3g, type of ZL. paradova. Suchum Kaleh, Transcaucasia. Head, x 2. Lacerta parva. 2, type. Kaisarieh, Asia Minor. Upper view. “5 é, Angora, Upper view. vs 3, Sari Keny, Asia Minor. Upper view. Lacerta brandtii. 9, Ardebil, Persia. Upper view. TRANS 10 J. GREEN PH ANDTII PARVA. L Ss; AGII “PEATE Iii LIZARDS ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS: PLATE III. Lacerta taurica. 3, Cerna Voda, Roumania. Upper view. Pe 5 ¢@, Rakos, near Budapest. BS se re 9, Cerna Voda, Roumania. a . : 2, Rutshuk, Bulgaria. = s 3 ’ x 5 5 var. conica. 6, Argostoli, Cephalonia. Upper view. 9 99 bP) 99 2 3 ” 33 bh) Lacerta peloponnesiaca. 3, Olympia, Peloponnesus. Upper view. a ep se Bs se Lower view. ie x 5 = & Upper view. 3° 2? fe 3? 33 39 R E OULENC > > E VOL. XXI ZOOL. SOC. TRANS ™ J. GREEN PHOTO. JA. SIAC PELOPONNE L RICA. LACERTA TAU 1—6, PLATE IY. er ag po LIZARDS ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. PLATE IV. Lacerta chlorogaster. 3, Resht, Persia. Upper view. ” ” ” ” 3” Lower view. Lacerta jacksonii. 3, type. Mau Ravine, Br. E. Africa. Upper view. Lacerta levis, 3, Damascus, Syria. Upper view. Lower view. a =F Qi Pe af Upper view. Lacerta jayakari. 38, type. Muscat, Arabia. Side view. Upper view of head. a. 33 99 99 29 bh) by) hd 39 9° ” 29 Wer, ” 9 ” Upper view. Side view. IATA ATK B® & bo S ~ ry ary . ~ av] y . . TRANS, ZOOL. SOG. VOL. XXI BOULENGER, Pi. IV a . peverr TD pul Wis J. GREEN PHOTO. i—2,. LACERTA CHLOROGASTER. 3. L. JACKSONII. 4—5 L. LA=VIS. 6—7. L. JAYAKA al — sy 13 iy lis Dea 100 Lacerta danfordit. 99 LIZARDS ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. Or, Lype: 3, type. PLATE V. Zebil Bulghar Dagh, Cilician ‘Taurus. Upper view. Zebil Bulghar Dagh. Side view. x 2. Zebil Bulghar Dagh. Lower view of posterior part of body. x 2. Zebil Bulghar Dagh. Upper view. , var. anatolica. &, Eski Shehir, C. Asia Minor. , var. greeca. Upper view. 3. Kambos, Peloponnesus. Upper view. 99 39 ” 39 Side view. Lower view 99 39 99 39 39 99 posterior part of body. x 2. ¢, Kambos, Peloponnesus. Upper view. 2, Megali, Z ss SN. of TRANS. ZOOL. SOC. VOL. XXI. BOULENGER, PI. V. J GREEN PHOTE LACERTA DANFORDII, PLATE VI. 102 LIZARDS ALLIED TO LACERTA MURALIS. PLATE VI. Fig. 1. Lacerta oxycephala. 3, Bilak, Herzegovina. Upper view. bas Re >. is bi os Lower view. 10: 9 35 5 3 5 Upper view of head. x 23. We a $3 is a 8 Side view of head. x. 23. 2. PA 5 , var. tomasinii. 3, Brestica, Herzegovina. Upper view. 3. Lacerta mosorensis. ¢ , Coputne Rundine, Montenegro. Upper view. 3a. 3 <5 5 5: y Lower view. 3 Ob. is 3 ' He a Ms Upper view of head: x 2s. 3) (Bs zs a ne se a 5; Side view of head. eae A. .. ss 2, Biokovo Mt., Dalmatia. Upper view.” v0. ” ” Dy) oP) ”? 29 TRANS. ZOOL. SOC. VOL. XXI BOULENGER, PI. VI > J. GREEN PHOTO. ut 2 LACERTA OXYCEPHALA. 3— 5. L. MOSORENSIS PLATE VIL 104 LIZARDS ALLIED TO LACERTA: MURALIS. PLATE VII. Fig. 1. Lacerta dugesti. @, Madeira, Upper view. la. i a 3 ‘ Upper view of head. x 23. 2 = A ?, Paul, Madeira. Upper view. 3. . F Sia ee S Upper view of head. x 24. 4 ~ of ee i Regenerated hind limb. x 2. 5. 9 ‘ 3, Porto Santo. Upper view of head. x 23. 6. ” 2, Great Piton. Upper view. ie + 45 3, Graciosa, Azores. Upper view. 8. 30 5 35 op 5 “ Sa. 3 55 3 - ;; Lower view. 8 b. es 3 A - Side view of head. x 2}. 9. ” » So 99 ys Upper view. OULENGER E X XI. TRANS, ZOOL. “SOC. VOL, ox) eth ce 32 TO J. Green DUGESII. LACERTA ae 7 aD ' : ions i , rae ‘ Way \ Res sis va Bate