II B RARY OF THE UNIVERSITY Of ILLINOIS 590.5 FI v. 37-38 BlOLOflf are reasons for disciplinary «"° UNIVERSITY_OFIU^OIS_llB^ L161— O-1096 On Nori' Marine Shells from Northeastern Brazil and Peru Fritz Haas Curator, Division of Lower Invertebrates Several collections of shells, recently received by Chicago Natural History Museum, fit into my previously published series of papers on the malacological fauna of South America (Haas, 1948-52). The present material adds considerably to our knowledge of the fauna of certain areas. FRESH-WATER SHELLS FROM NORTHEASTERN PARA, BRAZIL These shells, all gastropods, were collected by Dr. Harald Sioli, formerly of the Instituto Agronomico do Norte, Belem, Para, and now in the Servico Especial da Saud Publica in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, in the course of his official travels in the northeastern portion of the state of Para. This region lies within 0° 30' to 1° 30' S. Lat. and 47° to 48° W. Long, and is crossed by many small coastal rivers. The malaco-fauna of the area is virtually unknown. The following species of Ampullariidae were obtained by Dr. Sioli : Ampullarius (Limnopomus) crassus Swainson Localities: Igarape^ 27.5 km. north of Capanema; Igarape" da Panela, 20 km. south of Bonito; Igarape\ 26 km. south of Bonito; Igarape- Salgado, 25.5 km. above Quatipuru. Ampullarius (Limnopomus) nubilus Reeve Localities: Rio Axindeua; Rio Jaburu, between Capanema and Salinopolis; Rio Siquiribao, 22.4 km. from Quatipuru. Ampullarius (Ampullarius) papyraceus Spix Localities: Rio Axindeua; headwaters of Rio Peixe Boi at Bonito; Rio Soares, 23.7 km. above Quatipuru; Rio Paracanema at Fazenda 303 304 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 Velha, 6.5 km. above Pirabas; Igarap£, 11.1 km. south of Salinopolis and 14.8 km. west of Capanema. Ampullarius (Ampullarius) insularum Orbigny Localities: Igarape* do Comaru, 10 km. south of Bonito; Igarape* Capanema, 8 km. west of Capanema; 8.7 km. from Pirabas; Igarape^ 11.9 km. above Pirabas; Igarape* Tres Antas, 25.9 km. above Quatipuru; Rio Siquiribao, 22.4 km. above Quatipuru; Igarape* do Major, near Derubada; Igarape* Corema near Salinopolis. Ampullarius (Ampullarius) bridgesii Reeve Localities: Tributary of Igarape* do Garrafao; Igarape^ 8 km. west of Capanema; Igarap£, 18 km. above Quatipuru; Rio Soares, 23.7 km. above Quatipuru. Large numbers of the following hydrobiid gastropod were also taken : Potamopyrgus (Potamopyrgus) subgradatus Haas Locality: Rio Urindeua. The presence of the two species of the subgenus Limnopomus of Ampullarius is surprising, since Limnopomus is presumed to be Upper Amazonian or even Andean in origin. On the other hand, the presence of the three forms of Ampullarius proper was to be expected. The fact that all the specimens of this species in the collection are Amazonian suggests that these coastal rivers were once tributaries of an Amazon river that extended much farther to the east than it does now. LAND SHELLS FROM THE HIGH ANDES OF PERU — I. The Peru Zoological Expedition, 1953, of Chicago Natural History Museum, gathered many land gastropods that are of interest because they include many new species as well as some forms de- scribed long ago by A. Morelet and L. Reeve and rarely, if ever, rediscovered. The collector, Mr. Celestino Kalinowski, obtained most of the shells in the Departments of Ayacucho, Huancavelica, and Apurimac, all of them little known zoologically. HELICINIDAE Helicina (Helicina) peruviana Morelet Locality: Ccachubamba, Cuzco; collected between July 22 and August 30, 1953. HAAS: NON-MARINE SHELLS 305 Helicina (Helicina) chionea Pilsbry Localities: Hacienda Piso, Mayoc, Huancavelica; collected on December 7-8, 1953. On km. 62 of the road from Huancayo to Mejorada, Huancavelica; collected on December 28, 1953. SUCCINEIDAE Succinea peruviana Philippi Locality: Hacienda Piso, Locroja, Huancavelica; collected on December 8, 1953. Succinea aequinoctialis Orbigny Locality: Hacienda Piso, Mayoc, Huancavelica; collected on December 7, 1953. VERTIGINIDAE Gastrocopta (Gastrocopta) wolfii Miller Localities: Lircay, Huancavelica, 3,310 meters altitude; collected on December 17, 1953. Hacienda Piso, Mayoc, Huancavelica; collected on December 7, 1953. Chicago Natural History Museum also has specimens from Huanta, Ayacucho, 2,600 meters altitude. This is the first record, to my knowledge, of the Ecuadorian Gastrocopta wolfii from Peru. CLAUSILIIDAE Nenia (Neniatracta) adusta 0. Boettger Locality: Lircay, Huancavelica, 3,310 meters altitude; a large series collected on December 17, 1953. Nenia (Neniatracta) adusta tumens subsp. nov. Figure 57. Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 51361; collected on km. 62 of the road between Huancayo and Mejorada, Huan- cavelica, Peru, on December 28, 1953. Diagnosis. — A subspecies of Nenia (Neniatracta) adusta O. Boettger, characterized by its distinct obesity. 306 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 Comparisons. — Closely related to the nominate form but easily distinguished by its more swollen later whorls and by the more solute last whorl. Description of type. — Shell subsolid, definitely fusiform, with 11 whorls that are slightly swollen near the apex, becoming gradually flatter toward the aperture; last whorl somewhat solute; surface of shell covered with crowded, fine, whitish hair striae that become more irregular on the ultimate whorl. Measurements of type. — Length 19.6 mm., width 5.0 mm., height of aperture 5.0 mm., width of aperture 3.7 mm. Paratypes. — A series of paratypes (no. 51362), with the same data as the type, shows little variation but for the dimensions, which vary from 18 mm. to 24.9 mm. in the length and from 4.2 mm. to 5.7 mm. in the width of the shell. Nenia (?) angrandi kalinowskii subsp. nov. Figure 58. Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 51363; collected on November 28, 1953, at Polanco, Tambo, San Miguel, Ayacucho, Peru, at 4,100 meters altitude, by Mr. Celestino Kalinowski, after whom this new subspecies is named. Diagnosis. — A subspecies of Nenia angrandi Morelet, charac- terized by its length and stoutness. Comparisons. — Obviously a form of Nenia angrandi Morelet but distinguished from this species and from its subspecies urubambensis Pilsbry by being a trifle, but constantly larger, more regularly fusiform, and by its somewhat longer, less circular aperture. Description of type. — Shell thin, with 9^ whorls, of which the two first are light brown in color, almost horn-like, whereas the following ones are of a brown that gradually grows darker, almost purplish, toward the aperture. The surface is covered with crowded, hair-like striae that are often a little bit darker than the interstices between them. All the whorls increase gradually in thickness, rendering the outline of the shell perfectly fusiform. The ultimate whorl is but very little solute, the aperture is roundish-pearshaped ; there is no basal keel on the last whorl, only a very inconspicuous "pinched" elevation, which is easily overlooked. Measurements of type. — Length 16.2 mm., width 3.7 mm., height of aperture 3.5 mm., width of aperture 2.9 mm. Paratypes. — There is a large series of paratypes (no. 51282), with the same data as the type, in which little variation, except as HAAS: NON-MARINE SHELLS 307 Fig. 57. Nenia (Neniatracta) adusta lumens subsp. nov. CNHM no. 51361, type, front view; about X 3. Fig. 58. Nenia (?) angrandi kali- nowskii subsp. nov. CNHM no. 51363, type, front view; about X 3. to the dimensions, can be seen. One of the largest specimens is 17.2 mm. high and 4.0 mm. wide, whereas one of the smallest measures 15.8 mm. in length and 3.7 mm. in width. One more paratype (no. 51283) was taken at Huancavelica on December 14, 1953. Remarks. — There can be no doubt that this novelty is closely related to Nenia angrandi urubambensis Pilsbry; however, it is by no means certain that the two are in fact subspecies of Nenia angrandi Morelet. Both lack the basal keel that Morelet's species is supposed to have. I thus agree with Pilsbry (1945, p. 84) that his subspecies urubambensis might represent a different species, to which, of course, kalinowskii would belong. Nenia (Incania) warszewiczi Polinski Locality: Ccachubamba, Marcapata, Cuzco; collected between July 22 and August 30, 1953. To the best of my knowledge this is only the second time that this species, described in 1925 (Polinski, 1925, p. 739) from the 308 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 "Andes du Perou," has been recorded; the locality given here is therefore the first exact one we have of this distinct species. Nenia (Gonionenia ?) weyrauchi Pilsbry Locality: Hacienda Pajonal, Ocros, Cangallo, Ayacucho, 2,000 meters altitude; collected in October, 1953. ENDODONTIDAE Radiodiscus (Radiodiscus) peruvianus Crawford Localities: Huancavelica, 3,680 meters altitude; collected on December 11, 1953. Another lot from the same locality; collected on December 14, 1953. Lircay, Huancavelica, 3,310 meters altitude; collected on December 17, 1953. On the second of these stations, this species occurs together with its relative, Radiodiscus (Radioconus) andium Pilsbry. Radiodiscus (Radioconus) andium Pilsbry Localities: Huancavelica; collected on December 14, 1953. San Jenaro, Santa Inez, Huancavelica, 4,760 meters altitude; collected on December 25, 1953. SYSTROPHIIDAE Systrophia (Systrophiella) andivaga Pilsbry Localities: Hacienda Piso, Mayoc, Huancavelica; collected on December 7, 1953. Lircay, Huancavelica, 3,310 meters altitude; collected on December 17, 1953. Huancavelica; collected on De- cember 14, 1953. Hacienda Pajonal, Ocros, Cangallo, Ayacucho, 2,000 meters altitude; collected in October, 1953. Hacienda Palmira, Andahuaylas, Apurimac; collected on September 18, 1953. ARIOPHANTIDAE Habroconus (Pseudoguppya) ? semen-lini Moricand Locality: Hacienda Pajonal, Ocros, Cangallo, Ayacucho; col- lected in October, 1953. Since the series that I tentatively call H. semen-lini consists of only immature specimens, the identification may not be correct. HAAS: NON-MARINE SHELLS 309 No species of Habroconus has hitherto been recorded from Peru; the species semen-lini is thus far known only from northeastern South America, so that its presence in the Andes seems rather doubtful. STROPHOCHEILIDAE Strophocheilus (Megalobulimus) popelairianus Nyst Locality: Hacienda Cadena, Cuzco; one specimen collected on August 30, 1953. Strophocheilus (Megalobulimus) maximus vestitus Pilsbry Locality: Limacpunco, Cuzco; two specimens, collected on July 11, 1953. BULIMULIDAE Thaumastus (Scholvienia) porphyreus Pfeiffer Locality: Hacienda Mozobamba, Ongoy, Andahuaylas, Apu- rimac; a large series collected on October 10, 1953. Thaumastus (Scholvienia) schmidti sp. nov. Figure 59. Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 51305; collected in Hacienda Piso, Locroja, Huancavelica, Peru, December 8, 1953. Diagnosis. — A medium-sized species of the subgenus Scholvienia, characterized by its rather stout shape, the presence of a columellar fold, and a comparatively faint pattern of light bands on a dark background. Comparisons. — Thaumastus (Scholvienia) jelskii Lubomirski seems to be the closest relative of this novelty, sharing with it the general shape of the shell and the possession of a columellar fold; it differs, however, by being more delicate in general and by an entirely different color pattern. Thaumastus (Scholvienia) bitae- niatus Nyst, though rather similar to our new species, is more slender and strictly two-banded. Description of type. — Shell ovately conical, rather stout, narrowly perforated, subsolid, consisting of 8^ moderately convex whorls, which at first grow regularly; last whorl almost two-thirds of entire height; suture distinct, bordered with white from the fifth whorl on, showing white, squarish crenulations from about the fifth whorl. 310 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 Surface of shell light horn color, with the typical sculpture on the nepionic whorls, becoming a darker grayish brown on the later whorls. From three to four whitish, diluted bands appear from the fourth whorl on, one subsutural, one supraperipheral, and one or two subperipheral ones, to which is added, on the ultimate whorl, Fig. 59. Thaumastus (Scholvienia) schmidti sp. nov. CNHM no. 51305, type, front view; about X 1.5. a circumumbilical one. Rather heavy, irregular, axial striae cover the entire surface, the third or fourth being always a little stronger and more projecting, thus creating the crenulations mentioned before; the striae on the first post-nepionic whorls are cancelled by distinct spiral lirae, thus producing grains on the points of inter- section. On the later whorls, the spiral lirae become more incon- spicuous and too weak to cross the heavier axial striae. The aperture is about five-twelfths of the entire height of the shell, pear-shaped, with a white lip that is reflected except for the right upper margin; the columella is broad, white, and has an entering, broad fold; the parietal callus is whitish and rather thick. Measurements of type.- — Length 46.1 mm., width 20.0 mm., height of aperture 19.7 mm., width of aperture 13.2 mm. Paratypes. — There are two sets of paratypes at hand, one (no. 51306) with the same data as the type; the other (no. 51307) comes HAAS: NON-MARINE SHELLS 311 from Hacienda Piso, Mayoc, Huancavelica, and was collected on December 7, 1953. All of them look very much alike and show, besides slight differences in the intensity of the color pattern, only the usual variation of measurements. Thus, the height of the shell varies between 38.2 mm. and 50.2 mm., and the width between 17.2 mm. and 21.1 mm. Neopetraeus platycheilus sp. nov. Figures 60, 61. Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 51315, from Hacienda Palmira, Andahuaylas, Apurimac, Peru; collected Sep- tember 18, 1953. Diagnosis. — A species of the group of Neopetraeus with com- pletely smooth apical whorls, and notable among these by its thin, translucent shell and the wide peristome with almost joined margins. Comparisons. — The only near relative, Neopetraeus rhodolarynx Reeve, also from Peru, is said to have a rather solid shell, whereas this new species is thin-shelled and translucent; furthermore, in rhodolarynx the margins of the peristome are not as convergent as in platycheilus. Description of type. — Shell oblong conic with a sharply pointed apex, thin, translucent, with an open, shaft-like umbilicus. Whorls 8, growing rapidly but regularly, separated by a simple suture; nepionic whorls 23^, swollen, glossy, and yellowish, smooth; post- nepionic whorls less ventricose, grayish with brownish streaks or rows of triangular spots, slightly hair-striate; the bases of these spots spirally arranged, so as to represent an incomplete band; occasional traces of spiral striation in the spaces between the hair striae on the earlier whorls. Last whorl a little ascending in front, smoother than the earlier ones, with traces of spiral lines on the under side, which is slightly compressed around the umbilicus and descends steeply into it. Aperture rounded-oval, somewhat oblique, measuring almost one-half of the entire height of the shell, with an expanded, livid lip, narrower near the curved right upper margin, much wider at the right lower margin and below, then narrowing again to broaden into a triangular wing that hides, but does not close, the umbilicus; both ends of the peristome close together but not joined; inside of the aperture a livid brownish color. Measurements of type. — Height 34.3 mm., width 16.6 mm., height of aperture 18.0 mm., width of aperture 13.2 mm. Paratypes. — One set of paratypes (no. 51316) with the same data as the type. Besides some variation in the intensity of the color 312 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 Fig. 60. Neopetraens platycheilns sp. no v. back, and bottom views; about X 2. CNHM no. 51315, type, front, pattern — some specimens hardly showing any trace of pattern, while in others the brownish spots predominate over the basic gray color — there is some variation also in the shell measurements. Thus, the height may vary from 31.3 mm. to 37.7 mm., and the width from 15.8 mm. to 18.6 mm. Young specimens of this lot have the last whorl keeled, HAAS: NON-MARINE SHELLS 313 Another set of paratypes (no. 51317), from Hacienda Pajonal, Ocros, Cangallo, Ayacucho, 2,000 meters altitude, was collected in October, 1953. While the specimens represented in it belong doubt- less to the same species, platycheilus, they differ from those of the first lot by being conspicuously smaller, the height varying between 22.1 mm. and 30.2 mm., with a mean height of 25.5 mm. (fig. 61). Fig. 61. Neopetraeus platycheilus sp. nov. CNHM no. 51317a, paratype, front view; about X 2. The Ayacucho shells are more solid and are bluish-white without any color markings; their aperture is more nearly circular and its lip is reflected at a right angle. However, some small specimens from that lot show the basic color of the Apurimac series, marked by several narrow grayish bands. Drymaeus (Drymaeus) serotinus Morelet Localities: Huanta, Ayacucho, 2,800 meters altitude; collected on December 3, 1953. Mayoc, Huancavelica; collected on Decem- ber 6, 1953. Hacienda Piso, Mayoc, Huancavelica; collected on December 7, 1953. The specimens of the three lots differ in a very peculiar way, aside from the well-known and considerable variation of the shell measurements. Those from Huanta are thin, very frail, subpellucid and of the typical color pattern displayed in all the variations listed 314 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 by Pilsbry (1898, p. 293). Only a few of those from near Mayoc show these characteristics, the majority being composed of subsolid, chalky white shells often even without a vestige of the typical color pattern. The specimens having this pattern are heavier and more solid than those from Huanta, and the background of the pattern is chalky white too. In addition, the specimens from Mayoc are decidedly longer than those from Huanta. Some of the shells from Hacienda Piso resemble the frail, grayish or corneous form with the typical pattern, whereas others resemble the more solid, whitish, elongated form from Mayoc. Measurements of the shells from Huanta: height 26.8 to 33.5 mm., width 10.9 to 12.8 mm. Measurements of the shells from Mayoc: height 30.7 to 41.6 mm., width 13.5 to 16.0 mm.; one specimen is 30.9 mm. high and 15.0 mm. wide, being thus much stouter and less cylindrical, and having a widely open umbilicus. It may be added, finally, that a characteristic of this species is its exceedingly weak apical sculpture, which in many individuals, including some immature shells, can hardly be detected. Drymaeus (Drymaeus) schmidti sp. nov. Figure 62. Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 51323, from Ccachubamba, Marcapata, Cuzco, Peru; collected between July 22 and August 30, 1953. Diagnosis. — A species of the typical subgenus of Drymaeus, characterized by its frail shell, by the pointed, canaliculate lower end of the aperture, and by a roundish, pinched-up keel around the umbilical chink. Comparisons. — This new species resembles the Bolivian D. canaliculars Pfeiffer, the Colombian D. pamplonensis Pilsbry, and the Peruvian Goniostomus subhybridus Da Costa (probably a Dry- maeus!) in the shape of the aperture. All three species, however, are larger than schmidti. In addition, schmidti differs from canali- culus in color pattern, from pamplonensis in apical structure, and from subhybridus in color pattern and relative shell width. Description of type. — Shell thin, transparent, fusiform, wrinkle- striate, narrowly umbilicate, shining, creamy white, at places mottled pale grayish-green, with an ill-defined bluish band at the aperture. Spire acute, its apex of a reddish horn color. Whorls 5J/£, little convex, the last somewhat higher than the spire, with a rounded, pinched-up keel around the umbilical chink; suture dis- HAAS: NON-MARINE SHELLS 315 Fig. 62. Drymaeus (Drymaeus) schmidti sp. nov. CNHM no. 51323, type, front and back views; about X 2. tinct, crenulate; columella arcuate, prolonged forward. Aperture oval, pointed at both ends, channelled at base; a heavy blackish- brown border on the inside, well defined toward the lip, ill defined toward the inside; peristome simple, the right margin slightly ex- panded, the columellar margin narrowly reflected. Measurements of type. — Length 28.2 mm., width 12.1 mm., height of aperture 16.0 mm., width of aperture 8.7 mm. Paratypes. — A series of paratypes (no. 51324) with the same data as the type is at hand. They show little variation; even that of the dimensions is within narrow limits: height 26.0 to 30.0 mm., width 11.0 to 13.5 mm. Bulimulus (Scutalus) culmineus Orbigny Localities: Toctoccasa, Cangallo, Ayacucho; collected on No- vember 19, 1953. San Genaro, Santa Inez, Huancavelica, 4,760 meters altitude; collected on December 25, 1953. Bulimulus (Scutalus) angrandi Morelet Localities: Huanta, Ayacucho; collected on December 2, 1953. Lircay, Huancavelica, 3,680 meters altitude; collected on December 11, 1953. 316 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 Fig. 63. Bulimulus (Scutalus) longitudinalis sp. nov. type, front and back views; about X 1.5. CNHM no. 51328, Bulimulus (Scutalus) revinctus Hupe" Localities: Huancavelica, 3,680 meters altitude; collected on December 11, 1953. Lircay, Huancavelica, 3,310 meters altitude; collected on December 17, 1953. Bulimulus (Scutalus) tupacii Orbigny Locality: Huancavelica, 3,680 meters altitude; collected on December 11, 1953. Bulimulus (Scutalus) longitudinalis sp. nov. Figure 63. Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 51328, from Polanco, Tambo, San Miguel, Ayacucho, Peru; collected on No- vember 28, 1953. Diagnosis. — A species of Scutalus characterized by its pointed shape, and by its axial, longitudinal color pattern. Comparisons. — Species of Scutalus with longitudinal streaks are very uncommon; among the few with that color pattern nemorensis Pfeiffer from southeastern Peru seems to be closest to our novelty, although it is distinctly smaller and more slender. Description of type. — Shell ovate-conic, perforate, subsolid, axially closely striate, irregularly decussated by spiral grooves, which give HAAS: NON-MARINE SHELLS 317 the surface a granose appearance. Whitish, variegated with ir- regular brownish streaks. Spire conic, acute, apex rose-colored. Whorls 63^, somewhat convex, the ultimate a little saccate at base; suture distinct, crenulate. Aperture about as long as the spire, little oblique, ovate and pointed above, white inside with the streaks shining through; peristome simple, unexpanded, the colu- mellar margin dilated above and reflected over the umbilical chink. Measurements of type. — Height 35.7 mm., width 18.1 mm., height of aperture 17.9 mm., width of aperture 12.0 mm. Paratypes. — A lot (no. 51329), with the same data as the type, shows the following range of variation of the shell measurements: height 36.4 to 41.3 mm., width 17.4 to 20.8 mm. The nepionic whorls are either rose-colored or deep purple. One specimen (no. 51330) from Hacienda Palmira, Andahuaylas, Apurimac, collected in September, 1953, is somewhat more granose than the form from the type locality and has broader and darker brown streaks; it does not differ otherwise. Another single specimen (no. 51331) from Pacucha, Laguna, Andahuaylas, Apurimac, collected in October, 1953, has the brown streaks broader than the spaces between them so that the shell looks brown with lighter, grayish-yellow streaks. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) derelictus ascendens Pilsbry Locality: Hacienda Pajonal, Ocros, Cangallo, Ayacucho; collected on November 6, 1953. A number of very young and half grown specimens that permit, however, an unmistakable specific identification. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) cereicola Morelet Localities: Km. 62 on the road between Huancayo and Mejorada, Huancavelica; collected on December 28, 1953. Lircay, Huanca- velica, 3,310 meters altitude; collected on December 17, 1953. Hacienda Palmira, Andahuaylas, Apurimac; collected on September 18, 1953. Some of the specimens at hand tend to be stouter than the form described by Morelet. Both the streaked and the unicolored white forms are represented. The specimens from Hacienda Palmira are more heavily striate than the typical form, and some of them attain, with 103^ or even W/2 whorls, the height of 27.9 mm. and 31.6 mm., respectively, whereas the average height of the species, seldom with more than 7 whorls, is only about 20.5 mm. 318 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 Fig. 64. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) ru- distriatus sp. nov. CNHM 51342, type, front, back, and bottom views; about X 2. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) rudistriatus sp. nov. Figure 64. Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 51342, from Hacienda Palmira, Andahuaylas, Apurimac, Peru, 2,200 meters altitude; collected on September 13, 1953. Diagnosis. — A species of the subgenus Lissoacme, characterized by the conspicuously wide umbilical chink, the heavy striation of the shell, and the rose-colored inner border of the aperture. Comparisons. — Most closely related to Bulimulus (Lissoacme) modestus Broderip, but of an oblong-turreted shape instead of being ovate-pyramidal, and also differing from it by the coloration of the inner border of the aperture. Description of type. — Shell oblong-turreted, narrowly but deeply umbilicate, rather thin; surface covered with thread-like, crowded HAAS: NON-MARINE SHELLS 319 striae that are about as wide as their interstices; only the nepionic whorls are smooth. Color whitish-brown, in places more grayish, apex light rose-colored. Whorls about 8, rather convex, the last shortly attenuated at base and descending steeply into the umbilicus; suture simple, rather deep. Aperture small, oblong oval, narrow at base, inside bordered by a rose-colored zone; peristome simple, acute, unexpanded, the outer margin slightly arcuate, the columellar one straight, narrowly dilated above and reflected over the umbilical opening. Measurements of type. — Height 24.8 mm., width 8.2 mm., height of aperture 11.0 mm., width of aperture 5.2 mm. Paratypes. — No. 51343, with the same data as the type. No. 51344, from Hacienda Mozobamba, Ongoy, Andahuaylas, Apurimac; collected in October, 1953. The paratypes from the type locality correspond with the type in most respects; however, the shell is a deeper hue in some indivi- duals. Furthermore, some specimens show a trace of a narrow peripheral band on the last whorl. One even has an entirely different color pattern, being whitish with brown streaks that in places are confluent and make the basic color brown, leaving always a narrow sutural zone of white; on the last whorl there is an indistinct, white peripheral band on a brownish background. The specimens from Hacienda Mozobamba conform to those from Hacienda Palmira; one is darker than all the others, being a deeper brown in the interstices of the yellowish-white striae. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) dentritis Morelet Locality: Hacienda Palmira, Andahuaylas, Apurimac, 2,200 meters altitude; collected on September 13, 1953. When the tenth volume of Pilsbry's Manual of Conchology was written, in 1896, the apical sculpture of this species was still un- known, and Pilsbry (p. 186) stated that it might prove to be a Dry- maeus of the subgenus Mesembrinus. The nepionic whorls of the specimens before me are entirely smooth, so that, provided that my identification is correct, dentritis definitely belongs to Lissoacme. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) scutulatus Broderip Locality: Hacienda Pajonal, Ocros, Cangallo, Ayacucho; col- lected on November 6, 1953. These shells are somewhat more slender than typical scutulatus, but this seems to be their only distinguishing feature. 320 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 Bulimulus (Lissoacme) reconditus Reeve Locality: Huancavelica, 3,680 meters altitude; collected on December 11, 1953. Bulimulus (Geoceras) veruculum Morelet Locality: Hacienda Pajonal, Ocros, Cangallo, Ayacucho; col- lected on October 19 and November 6, 1953, respectively. Bulimulus (Ataxus) infundibulum Pfeiffer Locality: Hacienda Palmira, Andahuaylas, Apurimac, 2,200 meters altitude; collected on September 13, 1953. All the specimens are uniformly white. Bulimulus (Ataxus) infundibulum umbilicatellus Pilsbry Locality: Hacienda Pajonal, Ocros, Cangallo, Ayacucho; col- lected on November 6, 1953. This lot seems to constitute a small race of the subspecies umbilicatellus. While typical specimens of umbilicatellus are com- posed of only 83^2 whorls and measure 17.5 mm. in height and 6.0 mm. in width, our largest specimen from Hacienda Pajonal is only 15.3 mm. high and 5.5 mm. in diameter, despite its 1034 whorls. Since the number of whorls and the dimensions are the only dif- ferential characters, I am reluctant to designate the Pajonal lot as a distinct subspecies. Bulimulus (Ataxus) perforatus Haas. Figure 65. Hacienda Pajonal, Ocros, Cangallo, Ayacucho, 2,000 meters altitude; collected in October, 1953. This large lot gives me the opportunity to broaden the description previously published (Haas, 1951, p. 518, fig. 106). At the time of the original description, I had at hand only specimens of a constant height-diameter ratio, all of them with at least traces of brownish streaks. Shells of that type are represented also in the lot from Hacienda Pajonal, though in some of them the width of the shell is definitely greater and the shell thus more obese than in the type lots of 1951. However, the majority of specimens from Hacienda Pajonal are uniformly chalky white, while the height-diameter ratio is higher than in the streaked shells from the same locality. The following measurements of a series of five specimens (no. 51320; fig. 65) show that there is a gradual transition from slender to HAAS: NON-MARINE SHELLS 321 Fig. 65. Bulimulus (Ataxus) perforatum Haas. CNHM no. 51320, a series of five, showing variation in size; about X 2. obese shells: height 16.1, 20.7, 19.1, 19.9, 19.0 mm.; width 7.4, 7.7, 8.6, 9.1, 9.2 mm. As is easily understood, the umbilicus is larger in the stouter specimens, there being a constant ratio between its width and that of the shell. The unstreaked specimens have some characters not seen in the streaked ones. Thus, the penultimate whorl and/or the ultimate one often exhibit a rounded shoulder near the upper suture. There is almost always a slight spiral swelling under the periphery of the last whorl. The streaked race from Hacienda Pajonal often has dark nepionic whorls, varying from rose-color to blackish purple, while in un- streaked shells the apex is generally light in color. This difference may be due to the presence of pigments even in the embryos of the streaked form, while the unstreaked one is pigmentless at all stages. Moderately obese specimens of the unstreaked race often re- semble the species infundibulum Pfeiffer, but one can always dis- tinguish the two by the much finer axial striation of perforatus Haas. Bulimulus (Peronaeus) pyrgidium sp. nov. Figure 66. Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 51310, from Hacienda Mozobamba, Ongoy, Andahuaylas, Apurimac, Peru, 2,500 meters altitude; collected in October, 1953. 322 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 Fig. 66. Bulimulus (Peronaeus) pyr- Fig. 67. Bulimulus (Peronaeus) ex- gidium sp. nov. CNHM no. 51310, tensus sp. nov. CNHM no. 51312, type, front view; about X 3. type, front view; about X 2. Diagnosis. — A short, slenderly conical species of Peronaeus characterized by the distinct axial striation of the white shell ornate with a narrow, brownish-purple subperipheral band. Comparisons. — This novelty resembles the species obeliscus Zilch (1954). The latter tapers a trifle toward the aperture, however, and is therefore slightly fusiform, whereas the shell of pyrgidium has a straight outline, widest at the base and very slenderly conical; thus the new form more nearly resembles jocosensis Dautzenberg, although it has a greater number of whorls and a different color pattern. Description of type. — Shell narrowly conical, almost cylindrical, thin and translucent, extremely narrowly rimate, white with one brownish-purple band. Whorls 12 3/6, very slowly and regularly increasing, the first two convex, the following ones less so, separated by a simple but distinct suture. Nepionic whorls smooth, glossy white, the post-nepionic ones chalky white. Last whorl with a narrow, brownish-purple basal band. Surface of the shell covered with strong, almost rib-like, oblique striae as wide as or a little narrower than the interstices between them. Aperture small, about HAAS: NON-MARINE SHELLS 323 two-ninths of the height of the shell, vertical, subelliptical, peristome acute, with no trace of a lip; the columellar end somewhat broadened, spreading over the umbilical chink; no parietal callus; inside of aperture light brown, with the band of the surface showing through. Measurements of type. — Height 20.0 mm., width 5.6 mm., height of aperture 4.5 mm., width of aperture 3.4 mm. Paratypes. — A series with the same data as the type is at hand (no. 51311). Most of the specimens are immature; in them, the upper and lower halves of the last whorl meet at a distinct, almost keel-like angle. In some specimens, the nepionic whorls are of a purplish color which extends occasionally to the first post-nepionic whorls. The purplish band of the whorls may be very faint or even missing. The unbanded specimens often have yellowish or purplish streaks that follow the axial striae. There are even specimens in which the apex is more or less intensely rose-colored. Bulimulus (Peronaeus) extensus sp. nov. Figure 67. Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 51312, from Hacienda Palmira, Andahuaylas, Apurimac, Peru, 2,200 meters altitude; collected on September 13, 1953. Diagnosis. — A rather stout, large, slenderly conical species of the subgenus Peronaeus, notable for its black apex and the strong axial striation of the surface. Comparisons. — This novelty is unlike most species of Peronaeus; together with the species pyrgidium just described above, it belongs to a group having the shell very elongatedly conical instead of cylindrically fusiform, as in the typical representatives of Peronaeus. From its closest relatives, pyrgidium and jocosensis, this new species differs by its much larger size and its color pattern. Description of type. — Shell long and extremely slender, conical, rather thin, imperforate. Whorls 20^, increasing very slowly and regularly, little ventricose, separated by a rather shallow though distinct suture, which is bordered by a narrow, dark purplish-brown band starting at the fourteenth whorl. Nepionic whorls blackish- blue and smooth; the post-nepionic ones chalky white and roughly sculptured by retractive, rather straight, rib-like striae as wide as or a little bit wider than the spaces between them; brown and /or purplish-brown streaks at irregular intervals, extending from suture to suture, running parallel with the striae. The last whorl with four bands on its lower half, the subperipheral and the circum- umbilical ones the widest. Aperture small, less than one-fifth of 324 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 the entire height of the shell, almost elliptical, definitely oblique, without a lip, the right margin receding in a sigmoid curve, the lower one broad and almost effuse, the columellar one narrowly reflected and covering the umbilical region. The columella slightly flattened; no parietal callus. The bands visible through the brownish inside of the aperture. Measurements of type. — Height 35.3 mm., width 5.4 mm., height of aperture 7.2 mm., width of aperture 4.0 mm. Paratypes. — There are two sets of paratypes, one (no. 51313) with the same data as the type and the other (no. 51314) from the same locality but collected on September 18, 1953. Besides variation in the measurements of the shell, which may attain a height of 39.0 mm. and a width of 8.4 mm., there is also variation in color pattern. In some specimens the brownish axial striae are completely absent; in others they are so crowded as to make the background appear brown; in still others a narrow brownish peripheral band is visible; and in most of them the black bordering line of the suture seen in the type is missing. Bulimulus (Peronaeus) andoicus Morelet Locality: Hacienda Pajonal, Ocros, Cangallo, Ayacucho; col- lected in October, 1953. Another lot from the same locality; collected November 6, 1953. The well-known variability of this species is also shown in the first lot of more than 100 specimens. As was to be expected, the um- bilical chink in the stouter shells is wider than in the more slender ones. About half of the specimens at hand are uniform tawny or whitish. The other half shows a pattern of color apparently not yet known in this species, namely, brown streaks of varying lengths and widths. Specimens intermediate between these extremes, with plain earlier whorls and streaks or traces on the last whorl, are rare. In some of the streaked shells the marks stop at the periphery of the ultimate whorl, leaving its base plain. In some of the plain shells very pale traces of a narrow peripheral band can be detected. The previously known striped form of this species is hardly repre- sented in the abundant material at hand. Bulimulus (Peronaeus) elatus Philippi Localities: Hacienda Palmira, Andahuaylas, Apurimac; collected on September 18, 1953. Mayoc, Huancavelica; collected on De- cember 16, 1953. Hacienda Piso, Mayoc, Huancavelica; collected HAAS: NON-MARINE SHELLS 325 on December 7, 1953. Hacienda Piso, Locroja, Huancavelica; collected on December 7, 1953. The color of the nepionic whorls of these specimens varies from a yellowish horn-color to a deep rose-red. The color pattern also seems to be rather variable, more so in the specimens from Huan- cavelica proper. The shell is entirely white, or white above and slightly streaked on the last one or two whorls, or streaked all over. These markings are of a lighter or darker brown, of varying density and width, but always narrower than the intervening spaces. The specimens from the two localities on Hacienda Piso are generally smaller than those from the other localities and they are more heavily streaked. The markings occasionally stop at the periphery of the last whorl. On the periphery there may be a narrow brown spiral band that either borders or crosses the streaks, depending on the extent of the latter. Additional, narrower and lighter bands may be seen on the base of the ultimate whorl. In one shell the streaks show lateral, triangular appendages that tend to be arranged in spiral rows; in this specimen, the basal spiral bands are very pro- nounced. This series of small shells reminds me of the species subelatus Haas, which, however, is smaller and has a different shape. Bulimulus (Peronaeus) hamiltoni Reeve Locality: Hacienda Mozobamba, Andahuaylas, Apurimac, 2,500 meters altitude; collected on October 8, 1953. Bulimulus (Peronaeus) acme sp. nov. Figure 68. Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 51355, from "Altura de la Hacienda Mozobamba," Ongoy, Andahuaylas, Apu- rimac, Peru, 2,500 meters altitude; collected in October, 1953. Diagnosis. — An extremely slender, conical species of Peronaeus, plainly white without bands, with rather swollen whorls. Comparisons. — This novelty is a member of slender Peronaeus centering around pupiformis Broderip. It differs from all of the known forms of this group by its shape, which is that of a very slender cone with almost straight outlines and hardly tapering at the base. Thus the maximum width of the shell is at the periphery of the ultimate whorl and not at the penultimate whorl, as is the case in the remaining species of the pupiformis group. Description of type. — Shell very slender, cone-shaped, rather thin, whitish, densely rib-striate, widest at the periphery of the last 326 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 whorl, rimate; apex glossy, whitish and roseate; whorls 12^, exceedingly slowly growing, rather swollen, the ultimate slightly attenuated below its periphery; suture plain, distinct. Aperture small, somewhat oval, simple, peristome acute, gently curved on Fig. 68. Bulimulus (Peronaeus) acme sp. nov. CNHM no. 51355, type, front view; about X 3. the right margin and straight on the left one, which ends in a small triangular reflection partly hiding the umbilical chink; inside of aperture brownish. Measurements of type. — Height 18.3 mm., width 5.1 mm., height of aperture 4.0 mm., width of aperture 3.1 mm. Paratypes. — No. 51356, with the same data as the type. No. 51357, from Hacienda Mozobamba, Andahuaylas, Apurimac; col- lected on October 8, 1953. The measurements of the paratypes vary little, but the coloration of the shell shows some differences. There are plain, white speci- mens, others of a plain, yellowish tint and still others with light brown, narrow, straight streaks on a yellowish tint. One specimen of the white type is remarkable by attaining the exceptional height of 19.6 mm. HAAS: NON-MARINE SHELLS 327 FRUTICICOLIDAE Epiphragmophora (Epiphragmophora) claromphalos Deville and Hupe" Localities: Hacienda Palmira, Andahuaylas, Apurimac, 2,200 meters altitude; collected in September, 1953. Hacienda Pajonal, Ocros, Cangallo, Ayacucho, 2,000 meters altitude; collected in October, 1953. Epiphragmophora (Epiphragmophora) atahualpa Pilsbry Locality: Hacienda Pajonal, Ocros, Cangallo, Ayacucho, 2,000 meters altitude; collected in October, 1953. Epiphragmophora (Epiphragmophora) patasensis Pfeiffer Localities: Hacienda Palmira, Andahuaylas, Apurimac, 2,300 meters altitude; collected on September 18, 1953. Hacienda La Laguna, Andahuaylas, Apurimac; collected in September, 1953. Epiphragmophora (Epiphragmophora) diluta Pfeiffer Localities: Tambo, San Miguel, Ayacucho; collected on No- vember 26, 1953. Polanco, San Miguel, Ayacucho, 4,100 meters altitude; collected on November 28, 1953. Epiphragmophora (Pilsbryna) clausomphalos Deville and Hupe" Locality: Huancavelica, 3,680 meters altitude; collected on December 11, 1953. Epiphragmophora (Pilsbryna) clausomphalos inferior Pilsbry Locality: Lircay, Huancavelica, 3,310 meters altitude; collected on December 17, 1953. Karlschmidtia gen. nov. Diagnosis. — A new genus of the epiphragmophorine tribe of the fruticicolids, characterized by the keeled, lens-shaped shell of thin, transparent texture, by the sharp axial costulation of the upper surface, and by the wide, open umbilicus, which exhibits all the whorls. Type. — Karlschmidtia lentiformis sp. nov. Comparisons. — Karlschmidtia is most closely related to Epi- phragmophora Doering. Though the vast majority of the species of 328 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 Epiphragmophora have perfectly rounded, keelless whorls and hardly ever show the very obvious costulation of the upper surface, Epi- phragmophora huanucensis Philippi is keeled and Epiphragmophora puntana Holmberg shows at least traces of axial costulation on the upper side. No species of Epiphragmophora, however, combines these features. It is this combination of characters that distinguishes the new genus. I take great pleasure in naming this new genus after my distin- guished colleague and dear friend of many years, Dr. Karl P. Schmidt. Karlschmidtia lentiformis sp. nov. Figure 69. Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 51271, from Hacienda Mozobamba, Andahuaylas, Apurimac, Peru; collected in October, 1953. Diagnosis. — See that of the genus. Comparisons. — See those of the genus. Description of type. — Shell flat, lens-shaped, distinctly carinate, thin and transparent, very openly umbilicate. Whorls 4^4, growing regularly, very depressed and flat above, rounded below; upper surface costulate, with the space between two following ribs three to four times as wide as these; the ribs continuing beyond the keel, becoming much finer and vanishing toward the umbilicus, with the exception of the last half whorl, where the ribs, though less con- spicuously, almost reach the umbilical wall. Surface of shell yel- lowish brown, shiny, with a narrow brown supraperipheral band on the upper side and a somewhat wider, paler, diluted one on the lower side close to the periphery; the interstices of the ribs on the under side slightly corrugated-malleated. The ultimate whorl descending but very slightly at the aperture, which is very oblique, shortly elliptical and hardly pointed at the keel; the lip whitish, rather broad, reflected, with approaching ends, the columellar end slightly broadened. Umbilicus widely open, shaft-like, exhibiting all the whorls. Measurements of type.— Greater diameter 30.1 mm., smaller diameter 25.8 mm., height 11.5 mm., width of aperture 15.3 mm., height of aperture 12.1 mm., diameter of umbilicus 6.3 mm. Paratypes. — There are numerous paratypes (no. 51272) from the same locality as the type. These vary somewhat in the pro- portions of the shell but agree with the type in most other respects. HAAS: NON-MARINE SHELLS 329 Fig. 69. Karlschmidtia lentiformis sp. nov. CNHM no. 51271, type, front, top, and bottom views; about X 1.5. The biggest specimen has a greater diameter of 31.5 mm., the smallest one of 26.2 mm. In some specimens the height of the shell is some- what greater than in the type, reaching 12.8 mm. In these higher shells the last whorl descends a little more toward the aperture than is the case in the type. STREPTAXIDAE Streptaxis (Scolodonta) andivaga Pilsbry Locality: Hacienda Pajonal, Ocros, Cangallo, Ayacucho; collected in October, 1953. These shells have one half whorl less than the type and are, therefore, not quite as large. There can be no doubt, however, about the specific identity of our material with that of Pilsbry. 330 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 Fig. 70. Strophocheilus (Microborus) tenuis sp. nov. type, front and back views; about X 1.5. CNHM no. 51925, LAND SHELLS FROM THE HIGH ANDES OF PERU — II. The Peru Zoological Expedition, 1954, of Chicago Natural History Museum, visited mainly the Departments of Tumbes, Lambayeque, and Ancash, which are very little known from a zoological stand- point. The area explored by the collector, Mr. Celestino Kalinowski, extends from the low coastal area of northern Peru to the high Andes in the Department of Ancash, reaching altitudes up to 4,300 meters. Though the amount of molluscan material brought together is not very large, it reveals many interesting ecological features. STROPHOCHEILIDAE Strophocheilus (Microborus) tenuis sp. nov. Figure 70. Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 51925, from Yungay, Ancash, Peru; collected March 7, 1954. Diagnosis. — A species of the subgenus Microborus of Stropho- cheilus, characterized by the unusual thinness of its shell, by its relatively low spire, and by the broader reflection of the columellar margin of the aperture. HAAS: NON-MARINE SHELLS 331 Comparisons. — Closely related to the Peruvian species incarum Pilsbry (1944, p. 29, pi. 1, figs. 8, 9), but differing by its translucent, thin shell, and by the somewhat lower spire with a broader apex. Description of type. — Shell covered by a very thin, deciduous, pinkish, conchinic layer, pinkish-gray beneath this, ovate, thin, translucent, rimate, with short spire and broad apex. Nepionic whorls two, with a fine, shallow, somewhat irregular radial corru- gation, followed, from the third whorl on, by a sculpture of conspic- uous axial and somewhat retractive striae that are strongest near the suture, which hence is crenulated. Whorls 43^. A trace of a narrow, darker peripheral band. Aperture ovate, outer lip very little thickened and expanded, columellar margin broadly reflexed. Measurements of type. — Length 30.1 mm., width 18.8 mm., height of aperture 19.6 mm., width of aperture 10.8 mm. Paratypes. — There are five paratypes (no. 51926), with the same data as the type. Only one is fully grown. The remaining ones are in different stages of growth, from three to four whorls. BULIMULIDAE Thaumastus (Quechua) conspicuus Pilsbry Locality: Huasimo, Tumbes, Peru, 220 meters altitude; a rather large series collected on June 24, 1954. In accordance with Zilch's opinion (1954, p. 78, pi. 6, fig. 9) I consider this species, originally described as a Plekocheilus, as be- longing to the subgenus Quechua of Thaumastus. Zilch's Thaumastus olmosensis (1954, p. 76, pi. 6, figs. 10, 11) seems to be very closely related to, if not identical with, conspicuus. Porphyrobaphe (Porphyrobaphe) iostoma Sowerby Locality: Matapalo, Tumbes, Peru; a series collected on July 5, 1954. Drymaeus (Drymaeus) eucosmetus sp. nov. Figures 71, 72. Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 51920, from Cam- bache near Chongoyape, Lambayeque, Peru, 460 meters altitude; collected on March 3, 1954. Diagnosis. — A species of Drymaeus proper, characterized by its elongate-oval shape, the narrow umbilicus, the narrow columellar 332 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 Fig. 71. Drymaeus (Drymaeus) eucosmetus sp. nov. type, front and back views; about X 1.5. CNHM no. 51920, reflection, and the lack of malleation of the densely, but finely striate shell surface. Comparisons. — This new species is similar to Drymaeus serotinus Morelet in its general shape, but it is not as widely umbilicate and it presents a different pattern. Drymaeus ponsonbyi Da Costa is similar in shape but is malleate throughout. The type of eucosmetus looks much like some phases of Drymaeus poecilus Orbigny, but it is more widely umbilicate and more egg-shaped, and it lacks the ob- vious columellar reflection. Description of type. — Shell elongate-ovate, moderately thick but translucent, narrowly perforate, evenly though finely striate all over, with four chestnut bands on yellowish white background, the second and third bands the widest. Whorls 6}4> little inflated, the last one tapering beneath the periphery; suture distinct but shallow, somewhat appressed on the last whorl. Aperture narrowly ovate, with the peristome simple, unexpanded, thin, the outer color visible from inside; upper right margin slightly protracted, columellar margin narrowly expanded and covering almost half of the narrow, tube-like umbilicus, which is surrounded by the basal band. Measurements of type. — Length 25.4 mm., width 11.6 mm., height of aperture 13.0 mm., width of aperture 6.3 mm. Paratypes. — Twelve specimens (no. 51921), with the same data as the type. They reveal a good deal of variation (see fig. 72). The shape of the shell varies from almost obesely ovate to rather slenderly ovate. The color pattern of bands may be breaking up HAAS: NON-MARINE SHELLS 333 Fig. 72. Drymaeus (Drymaeus) eucosmetus sp. nov. CNHM no. 51921, paratypes, back views; about X 1.5. into spots (fig. 72, left), which may unite into axial streaks (fig. 72, center) and these streaks may become very pale, almost cloud-like on the otherwise purely yellowish pink background (fig. 72, right). Drymaeus (Drymaeus) zilchi sp. nov. Figure 73. Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 51927, from Huasimo, Tumbes, Peru, 220 meters altitude; collected June 24, 1954, and named for my friend and colleague Dr. Adolf Zilch of Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-on-Main, Germany. Diagnosis. — A rather inconspicuous, medium-sized species of Drymaeus proper, characterized by its conically ovate shape and its pink nepionic whorls. Comparisons. — Drymaeus interruptus Preston from Venezuela is similar but decidedly more slender, whereas Drymaeus poecilus Orbigny, also similar in pattern in certain of its phases, has more inflated whorls. Description of type. — Shell elongate-ovate, comparatively thin and translucent, rimate, with 6^ whorls, which increase rather slowly and which are separated by a simple suture. Apex pink, remainder of shell yellowish white with four chestnut bands broken into rectangular dots; second and third bands widest. Surface of shell smooth. Aperture with the surface pattern shining through, small, 334 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 Fig. 73. Drymaeus (Drymaeus) zilchi sp. no v. front and back views; about X 1.5. CNHM no. 51927, type, ovate, with simple margins, unexpanded and thin, the upper right one slightly protracted, the columellar one narrowly reflexed and almost covering the umbilical chink. Measurements of type. — Length 24.1 mm., width 10.4 mm., height of aperture 10.8 mm., width of aperture 6.1 mm. Paratypes. — Two specimens (no. 51928), with the same data as the type. They show little variation in the shape of the shell but a larger range of pattern variation. Thus, in one of the paratypes, the spiral order of the rectangular dots is almost lost by their arrangement into axial streaks, while the other specimen is almost uniformly yellowish white but for the pink apex, with only the slightest traces of streaks on the last whorl. Bulimulus (Scutalus) mutabilis Broderip Locality: Pariacoto, Huaraz, Ancash, Peru, 220 meters altitude; a series collected on March 13, 1954. Very variable, as its name indicates, both in the measurements and in the shape of the shells. Bulimulus (Scutalus) phaeocheilus sp. nov. Figure 74. Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum no. 51918, from Chongoyape, Lambayeque, Peru, 300 meters altitude; collected on March 24, 1954. Diagnosis. — A slightly granose species of Scutalus, characterized by the liver-colored interior of the aperture and of the peristome. HAAS: NON-MARINE SHELLS 335 Comparisons. — This new species belongs to the group of Buli- mulus (Scutalus) proteus Broderip, to which it is closely related, although it is decidedly less granose. Dohrn's proteiformis, which was never figured, seems to lack the granules entirely, while they are weakly developed in this novelty; otherwise Dohrn's original Fig. 74. Bulimulus (Scutalus) phaeocheilus sp. nov. CNHM no. 51918, type, front and back views; about X 1.5. description might well apply to phaeocheilus. Our new species has exactly the shape of Neopetraeus cora unicolor Pfeiffer and of N. cretaceus Pfeiffer, but it shows the typical apical sculpture of Scutalus. Description of type. — Shell ovate-conic, saccate below, subsolid, very slightly striate and granose, with 6% whorls of regular growth, separated by a deep, almost channelled suture. Unicolored grayish white with a lighter apex. Whorls subinflated, the last one widest below the periphery, saccate, ascending in front. Umbilicus deeply arcuate-rimate. Aperture large, oval, liver-colored inside and on the broad, widely expanded peristome. Measurements of type. — Length 41.0 mm., width 22.7 mm., height of aperture 22.0 mm., width of aperture 16.0 mm. 336 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37 Bulimulus (Scutalus) subjussieui Pilsbry Locality: Tullparaju, Huaraz, Ancash, Peru, 4,300 meters alti- tude; three specimens collected on February 16, 1954. Bulimulus (Spirosulcatus) endospira Pilsbry Locality: Pariacoto, Huaraz, Ancash, Peru, 220 meters altitude; a series collected on March 13, 1954. Huasimo, Tumbes, Peru, 220 meters altitude; one specimen collected on June 24, 1954. Besides the typical, streaked phase, there is another which is either roseate whitish or almost white, with a cloud-like pattern of streaks. Bulimulus (Protoglyptus) rivasii Orbigny Locality: Pariacoto, Huaraz, Ancash, Peru, 1,360 meters altitude; three specimens collected on March 13, 1954. This is, to the best of my knowledge, the first record of this southern species from Peru. I am unable to determine from these three bleached specimens whether the shells are identical with or only closely related, perhaps subspecifically, to rivasii. Bulimulus (Geopyrgus) turritus Broderip Locality: Pariacoto, Huaraz, Ancash, Peru, 1,360 meters altitude; four specimens collected on March 13, 1954. My bleached shells are slightly more slender than the typical form, and only one specimen shows traces of spiral bands. FRUTIGICOLIDAE Epiphragmophora (Epiphragmophora) olssoni Pilsbry Locality: Cambache near Chongoyape, Lambayeque, Peru, 460 meters altitude; three specimens collected on March 19, 1954. The specimens from Cambache, at an elevation of only 460 meters, differ from the typical form from Huancabamba (Pilsbry, 1926, p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 6), situated at almost 3,500 meters of altitude, only in that the last whorl is not descending near the aperture and the basal margin of the peristome arches forward less. REFERENCES Haas, Fritz 1948. Three new land shells from Peru. Fieldiana, Zool., 31: 189-193, figs. 38-40. 1949a. Land and fresh-water mollusks from Peru. Fieldiana, Zool., 31: 235-250, figs. 50-59. 1949b. Land- und Susswassermollusken aus dem Amazonas-Gebiete. Arch. Moll., 78: 148-156, pi. 7. 1949c. On fresh water mollusks from the Amazon region. An. Biol. Mex., 20: 301-314, 6 figs. 1950. Some land and fresh-water mollusks from Para State, Brazil. Nautilus, 64: 4-6. 1951. Remarks on and descriptions of South American non-marine shells. Fieldiana, Zool., 31: 503-545, figs. 97-126. 1952. South American non-marine shells: Further remarks and descriptions. Fieldiana, Zool., 34: 107-132, figs. 14-26. Pilsbry, Henry A. 1897-98. Manual of Conchology, (2), 11: 1-339, pis. 1-51. 1926. South American land and fresh water mollusks: Notes and descriptions —VI. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 78: 1-15, pis. 1, 2. 1944. Peruvian land mollusca— III. Nautilus, 58: 28-30, pi. 1, figs. 7-9, 11, 11, a. 1945. Peruvian land mollusca — IV. Clausiliidae. Nautilus, 58: 79-84, pi. 3. Polinski, W. 1925. Sur un nouveau sous-genre et deux nouvelles especes de Clausiliid&s sudamencaines. Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. Lett., B, Sci. Nat., (1924), pp. 739- 744, pi. 49. Zilch, Adolf 1954. Landschnecken aus Peru, 2. Arch. Moll., 83: 65-78, pis. 5, 6. 337