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From the ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL Ilisrory,
Ser. 6. Vol. xiii., May 1894.

On some rare and interesting Crustacea from the Dogger Bank
collected by Ernest W. L. Holt, Esq. By Tomas Scort,
F.L.S., Naturalist to the Fishery Boardfor Se otland.

Tu Crustacea which form the subject of this memoir were
presented to me several months ago by my friend Mr. Ernest
W. L. Holt. They were collected by him at the south-west
end of the Dogger Bank in April 1892, while he was engaged
on board the $.8. ‘Resolute’ carrying out a series of
fishery investigations for the Marine Biological Association.
The collection in which the Crustacea occurred was made
by fixing a tow-net to the end of the beam of the trawl, as is
done on board the Scottish Fishery Steamer ‘ Garland,’ and
which is a very effective method for capturing those free-
swimming marine organisms whose habitat is usually near
the bottom. ‘The trawl on this occasion was down for about
eight hours in water the depth of which varied from 20 to 26
fathoms. The locality where the collection was made may
be given approximately as 70 to 80 miles east by north of
Spurn Head at the mouth of the Humber. When the trawl
was hauled up the tow-net fixed to the beam was found to
contain a large quantity of living matter consisting chiefly of
small Crustacea. In this single tow-net gathering the
number of species of Crustacea that have been identified are
as follows, viz. :—Three species of Decapoda, four species of
Schizopoda, four species of Cumacea, twenty-two species of
Amphipoda, and five species of Copepoda ; a Pteropod, Clione
limacina (Phipps) (Clone borealis, Pallas), was also obtained
in the same collection.

Some of the Crustacea obtained in this gathering have not,
‘so far as I know, been previously recorded from the English
coasts; indeed the collection as a whole is a very interesting
one, and shows how much may be done towards increasing
our knowledge of the distribution of the British marine fauna
by the adoption of proper methods of investigation, and also
thereby tending to throw additional light on obscure fishery
questions. Some remarks of the Rev. A. M. Norman on the
importance of a knowledge of the Crustacea in connexion
with fishery investigations may be appropriately quoted here.
Dr. Norman says:—‘ No real progress can be made with
respect to the food of fishes until investigators are familar
with those Crustacea which constitute so large a portion of
that food”’ *.

# ‘Fourth Annual Report of the Fishery Board for Scotland,’ p. 155

413 Mr. T. Scott on Crustacea

The following is a classified list of the species of Crustacea
captured by Mr. Holt and arranged in the order in which
they are referred to above.

Suborder DECAPODA.
Crangon Allmanni, Kinahan.

Cranyon Allmanni, Kinahan, Proc. Dublin Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. iv. p 80
(1857).

This species appears to be usually confined to off-shore
waters, and may be distinguished from Crangon vulgaris not
only by its colour when alive, but also by the abdomen
having posteriorly a distinct median dorsal groove. Crangon
Allmanni frequently forms an important part of the food of
the haddock and the cod.

Crangon nanus, Kroyer.
Crangon nanus, Kroyer, Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, ser. 1, vol. iv. p. 231
(1842).
This appears to be the Crangon bispinosa, Bell (Brit.
Stalk-eyed Crust. p. 268, 1853), and seems to have a fairly

wide distribution in British waters. It is, as 1ts name implies,
one of the smaller species of Crangon.

Pandalus annulicornis, Leach.

Pandalus annulicornis, Leach, Malac. Brit. t. xl.; Bell, Brit. Stalk-
eyed Crust. p. 297.

This is one of the most valuable of the smaller Crustacea for
food purpores. A regular and remunerative fishery of the
‘prawn ’’ and the “ common shrimp ”’ is carried on at several
places round the British coasts. ‘The larger food-fishes also
prey frequently on Pandalus annulicornis, the fragments of
these Crustaceans often forming a large portion of the contents
of the stomachs of such fishes. It appeared to be scarce at the
south-west end of the Dogger Bank at the time the present tow-
net gathering was collected.

Suborder ScHizopopa*®,
Gastrosaccus spinifer (Goés).

Mysis spinifera, Goés, Crust. decapoda podoph. marina Sueciz, p. 14
(1863).

a ee ee ee
(1886); Rev. A. M. Norman, “On a Crangon, some Schizopoda, and
Cumacea new to or rare in the British Seas.”

* See also the Rev. A. M. Norman’s memoir on the British Mysidee
(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. x. pp. 143-166 and 242-263, pls. ix.
and x., 1892).

from the Dogger Bank. 414

Gastrosaceus spinifer, Stebbing, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. vi.
pp. 114 and 3828, pl. iii.

This crustacean has been obtained at several places in
Scotland and the following English localities :—Off Whitby,
Yorkshire, and at Stareross, Devon ; and the locality now
recorded is a new station for it on the east coast.

Erythrops Goésit, G. O. Sars.
Nematopus Goésii, G. O. Sars, Beretning om en i Somm. 1865 foret.
oo ved Kyst. af Christianias og Christiansands Stifter, p. 16

Fees Goésit, id. Monogr. Mysider, p. 24, pl. i. (1870).

There are three species of Hrythrops recorded for the
British seas, and the largest of them scarcely reaches half an
inch in length. Erythrops Goésti appears to be the rarest of
the three in British waters ; the only locality from which it
has been recorded hitherto is the Firth of Forth, where it
sometimes occurs in considerable numbers. ‘The occurrence
of Erythrops Goésii in Mr. Holt’s collection from the south-
west end of the Dogger Bank is therefore of interest not only
because it is a new station for the species, but also because
this station is much further southward than any of its hitherto
recorded habitats.

Mysidopsis angusta, G. O. Sars.
Mysidopsis angusta, G. O. Sars, Zool. Reise 1863 i Christiania Stift.
p. 30 (1864).

This species is readily distinguished from the other three
British species of Mystdopsis by its slightly forked telson. I
know of only four British records for Mysedopsis angusta, and
they are all from places in Scotland ; the present record there-
fore is an extension of its distribution on the east coast.

Schistomysts ornata (G. O. Sars).

Mysis ornata, G. O. Sars, Beret. om en i Somm. 1863 foret. Zool.

Reise, p. 18 (1864).
Schistomysis ornata, Norman, “ British Myside,” Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. ser. 6, vol, x. p. 255 (1892).

This is a widely distributed species in the British seas; it
is a handsomely coloured species. The Schizopoda—espe-
cially those of the family Euphausiide—form an important
part of the food of certain fishes.

415 Mr. T. Scott on Crustacea

Suborder C UMACEA.,
Lamprops fasciata, G. O. Sars.
Lamprops fasciata, G. O. Sars, Om en i Somm. 1862 foret. Zool. Reise
i Christianias og Trondhjems Stifter, 1863, p. 44.

The carapace of this species has three oblique lateral folds
and the telson is furnished with five apical spines. Lamprops
fusciata is very prettily marked. It was somewhat rare in
the gathering from the Dogger Bank.

Diastylis Rathkit (Kibyer).
Cumu Rathkii, Kroyer, “ Fire nye Arter af Slegten Cuma,” Natur-
historisk Tidsskrift, ser. 1, vol. iii. p. 508 (1841).
Diastylis Rathkit, Sp. Bate, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xvii. p. 461
(1856).

This is a large and fine species and occurs sometimes in
considerable numbers. In the Dogger-Bank gathering it
was somewhat scarce. I have on several occasions observed
INastylis Rathkit in the stomachs of fishes.

Diastylis rugosa, G. O. Sars.
Diastylis rugosa, G. O. Sars, “Om den aberrante Krebsdyrgruppe
Cumacea og dens Nordiske Arter,” Selskab. Forhandl]. 1864, p. 41.
This species is considerably smaller than the last and was
rather uncommon in the gathering.

Pseudvcuma cercaria (Van Beneden).
Leucon cercaria, Van Beneden, Recherches sur la Faune littorale de
Belgique, Crust., 1860, p. 85, pl. xiv.
Pseudocuma cercaria, G, O. Sars, Middlehavets Cumaceer, 1879, p. 114,
pls. xl., xli., and xlii.
This was a moderately common form in the Dogger-Bank
gathering. ‘The species appears to be widely distributed in
the British seas.

Suborder AMPHIPODA.

Parathemisto oblivia (Kroyer).
Hyperia oblivia, Kroyer, Grpnl. Amfip. p. 70, pl. iv. fig. 19 (1838).
Parathemisto oblivia, G, O. Sars, Crust. of Nerway, p. 10, pl. v. fig. 1
(1890).
This species was common in the Dogger-Bank gathering.
It is one of the most important among the Amphipoda as fish-
food. LHyperia oblivia appears to be more or less frequent

SSS Ere h sh lhUCOrlre

from the Dogger Bank. 416

all over the North Sea, but is usually of rare occurrence on
the west coast of Scotland. During the whole of my resi-
dence at Tarbert, Loch Fyne, in 1885-86, the only member
of the Hyperiide I observed was Hyperia galba, a few speci-
mens of which were obtained in one of the Aurelia aurita
that had been cast ashore by the incoming tide. Mr. David
Robertson states that he obtained a single specimen of Para-
themisto oblivia near the Mull of Cantire; and this was the
only one he remembers ever having met with in the Firth of

Oisde *.

Euthemisto compressa (Goés).
Themisto compressa, Goes, Efvers. af Kong]. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad.
Forhandl. (1865).
Euthemisto compressa, G. O. Sars, Crust. of Norway, p. 12, pl. v. fig. 2
(1890).

This is a larger species than the last, and apparently some-
what erratic in its movements so far as its presence on the
east coasts of England and Scotland is concerned. At one
time it may be of frequent occurrence, or even quite common,
while at another time not a single specimen can be obtained.
A few specimens only were observed in the tow-net gathering
from the Dogger Bank.

Callisoma crenata, Spence Bate.

Callisoma crenata, Spence Bate, Cat. Amphip. Brit. Mus. p. 85, pl. xiv.

fie. 5 (1862).

Callisema crenata appears to be a generally distributed
species. If a dead half-decayed fish, sea-urchin, or such like
is brought up in the dredge, Callisoma crenata is almost
sure to be present, and sometimes in swarms, feeding on the
putrid animal matter.

Ippomedon denticulatus (Spence Bate).
Anonyx denticulatus, Spence Bate, Cat. Amphip. Crust. Brit. Mus.
p- 75 (1862). :
Hippomedon denticulatus, G. O. Sars, Crust. of Norway, p. 56, pl. xx.
(1890).

This fine species was frequent in the tow-net material from
the Dogger Bank. It is readily distinguished from its allies
‘by the peculiar form of the tooth-like posterior projection
of the last epimeral plates of the metasome”’ f.

* «The Amphipoda and Isopoda of the Firth of Clyde, by David
Robertson, F.L.8., F.G.S., p. 65 (1888).
Tt G. O. Sars, op. cit. p. 57.

417 Mr. T. Scott on Crustacea

Orchomenella ciliata, G. O. Sars.

Orchomenella ciliata, G. O. Sars, Crust. of Norway, p. 69, pl. xxv. fig. 2
(1891).
This somewhat rare species was obtained sparingly in the
Dogger-Bank gathering. It appears to have a fairly wide
distribution, as Chevreux records it from the coasts of France.

Tryphosites longipes (Spence Bate).
Anonyx longipes, Spence Bate, Cat. Amphip. Brit. Mus. p. 79, pl. xiii.
fic. 4 (1862). : ue en
Tryphosites longipes, G. O. Sars, Crust. of Norway, p. 81, pl. xxviii.
fig. 3, pl. xxix. fig. 1.
This species occurred very sparingly in the Dogger-Bank
material. Its known distribution extends to the Mediterranean.

Bathyporeia norvegica, G. O. Sars.

eect norvegica, G. O. Sais, Crust. of Norway, p. 128, pl. xliii.

Bathyporeia norvegica was first recorded as British in the
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1892, ser. 6, vol. x. p. 205, from
specimens obtained in the Firth of Forth. This appears to -
be the first record of its occurrence on the English coast. It
is readily distinguished from any other allied form by its
larger size and especially by the tooth-like form of the
postero-lateral angles of the epimeral plates of the third
segment of the metasome.

Bathyporeia pelagica, Spence Bate.
Bathyporeia pelagica, Spence Bate, Cat. Amphip. Brit. Mus. p. 174,
pl. xxxi. fig. 6 (1862).
This is a smaller species than the last, and it has a fairly
wide distribution. Several specimens occurred in the Dogger-
Bank tow-net gathering.

Argissa hamatipes (Norman).

Syrrhoé hamatipes, Norman, Report of the 388th Meeting of the Brit.
Assoc., 1868.

Argissa typica, Boeck, Crust. Amphip. bor. et arct. p. 45 (1870); G.O.
Sars, Crust. of Norway, p. 141, pl. xlviii. (1891).

Argissa hamatipes, Scott, Eleventh Annual Report of the Fishery
Board for Scotland, pt. iii. p. 213, pl. v. figs. 30, 31.

Several specimens of this curious species were obtained in
the gathering from the Dogger Bank. The present is a new
record of the species for the English east coast. It has been
obtained at several places on the Scotch coasts.

From the Dogger Bank. 418

Ampelisca typica (Spence Bate).

Tetromatus typicus, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855, p. 58.

Ampelisca Gaimardi, id. (non Kroyer), Brit. Sess.-eyed Crust. vol. i.
p- 127 (1863).

Ampelisca typica, G. O, Sars, Crust. of Norway, p, 165, pl. lvii. (1891).

Several specimens of this species were obtained,

Amphilochus tenuimanus, Boeck.

Amphilochus tenuimanus, Boeck, Crust. Amphip. bor. et arct. p. 51
(1870).

The characters that distinguish this species from Amphi-
lochus manudens are somewhat obscure. There is no tooth-
like projection at the base of the dactyli of the gnathopods
as there is in those of Amphilochus manudens. The last
pair of epimeral plates of the metasome are simply angular
and want the small but distinct denticle at the postero-lateral
angles, and the telson is also longer. The present is the only
record I know of for Amphilochus tenuimanus for the east
coast of Great Britain. Mr. David Robertson has taken it in
the Firth of Clyde, near Cumbrae.

Amphilochoides pusillus, G. O. Sars.

Amphilochoides pusillus, G. O. Sars, Crust. of Norway, p. 222, pl. Ixxvi.
(1892) ; T. and A. Scott, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xiii.
p. 147 (1894).

This species has only recently been added to the British
fauna from specimens obtained in the Firth of Forth and
St. Andrews Bay ; and the present record is an interesting
addition to our knowledge of its distribution in British waters.

Stenothoé marina (Spence Bate).
Montagua marina, Spence Bate, Cat, Amphip. Brit. Mus. p. 56, pl. viii.
fic. 5 (1862).
Stenothoé marina, G, O. Sars, Crust. of Norway, p. 236, pl. lxxx. (1892).
A few specimens of this widely distributed species were
obtained in the Dogger-Bank gathering.

Perioculodes longimanus (Spence Bate).

Monoculodes longimanus, Spence Bate and Westwood, Brit. Sess.-eyed
Crust. vol. xi. p. 507 (1869).

Pertoculodes longimanus, G. O, Sars, Crust. of Norway, p. 313, pl. cx.
fig. 2, pl. exi. fig. 1.

419 Mr. T. Scott on Crustacea

The distribution of this species extends from Norway to
the Mediterranean, and it is of frequent occurrence in the
British seas.

Pontocrates norvegicus, Boeck.

Pontocrates norvegicus, Boeck, Crust. Amphip. bor. et arct. p. 91 (1870).
Kréyera altamarina, Spence Bate and Westwood, Brit. Sess.-eyed
Crust. vol. i. p. 177 (1863).

A few specimens of this species were obtained in the
material from the Dogger Bank.

Synchelidium brevicarpum (Spence Bate).

Kréyera brevicarpa, Bate and Westwood, Brit. Sess.-eyed Crust. vol. xi.
p. 508 (1869).
Synchelidium brevicarpum, G. O. Sars, Crust. of Norway, p. 318,
pl. exii. fig. 1 (1892).
This is a small species with curious gnathopods. It does
not appear to be very common in the British seas.

Halimedon Miillert, Boeck.

Halimedon Molleri, Boeck, Crust. Amphip. bor. et arct. p. 89 (changed
afterwards by Boeck to H. Miiller?).

Halimedon Miillert, G. O. Sars, Crust. of Norway, p. 827, pl. exy.
(1892).

This was a somewhat rare species in the Dogger-Bank
material.

Iphimedia ? obesa, Rathke.

Iphimedia obesa, Rathke, Acta Acad. Leop. t. xx. p. 85, pl. i. fig. 1
(1843).

A specimen apparently belonging to this species but some-
what imperfect occurred in the gathering from the Dogger
Bank. The species has a wide distribution in the British
seas. It is frequently ornamented with transverse bands
usually of a rich brownish or reddish colour.

Apherusa borealis (Boeck).

Apherusa borealis (Boeck), G. O. Sars, Crust. of Norway, p. 441,
pl. ely. fig. 2 (1893).
This species was of common occurrence in the Dogger-
Bank material. ‘The two dorsal tooth-like projections of the
metasome appear to be more strongly developed in the male

— a

is

Srom the Dogger Bank. 420

than in the female; the telson is in the form of an elongate
narrow triangular plate with an acute apex ; a minute hair
springs from a small marginal notch on each side of the
apex. This is also one of the more common species of

Amphipods in the Firth of Forth.

Megaluropus agilis, Norman.
Megaluropus agilis, Norman, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. iii.
p. 446, pl. xviii. figs. 1-10 (1889); id. ibid. ser. 6, vol. iv. p. 123,
pl. x. figs. 15-17 (1889).
Several specimens of this Amphipod were obtained in the
material from the Dogger Bank ; it appears to be generally
distributed round the British coasts.

Dulichia, sp.

An imperfect specimen of Dulichia was obtained in the
Dogger-Bank material ; some of the more important append-
ages were absent, rendering specific identification doubtful.

Caprella, sp.

A few specimens of a Caprella were also obtained, but
they were too imperfect for the species to be satisfactorily
made out.

Suborder COPEPODA.

This suborder was represented in the Dogger-Bank
gathering by five species, all of which, with one exception,
are more or less common in the British seas. The species are
as follows :—Calanus finmarchicus (Gunner), one of the most
abundant species in the gathering ; Pseudocalanus elongatus,
Boeck, frequent; Temora longicornis (QO. F. Miiller), abun-
dant; Jhtridia armata, Boeck, rare; and Centropages
hamatus (Lilljeborg), frequent.

There was another and a smaller gathering, collected on
the same date and near the same locality as the one now
described ; but the species were much fewer, and those that
were represented in the material did not differ from those
already referred to. In both gatherings Sagitte were more
or less common, and many of them were of large size.

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et Sage’, "4 Rat, 444

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