ite ies Sst ae ESS Se Se ramen tates - ; Doge apeN nee tome ed erase i are SS ae nates a a Meritats SSS - Seat emo : ee e STi ees a ae Ses = = oe Eee Siar VoL. X1(2):4, OPISTHOBRANCH NEWSLETTER FEBRUARY 1979, Thanks to Tom Rice for the following list of opisthobranch stamps: Afars & Issas (now called Republic of Djibouti):#465, Glossodoris sp. (1977), 70 fr. Haiti: #669, Micromelo undata (1973) 5¢; #671, Cyerce cristallina (1973)25¢ Lundy: Caloria maculata (1978) 10p. Mauririus: Hexabranchus marginatus (1969) #349, 40¢ New Caledonia: #309, Glaucus marinus (1959) 10fr.;#C37, Calliphylla orientalis (1969) 37fr.;#C112, Hydatina physis (1974) 32fr. Paupua New Guinea: 4 1978 issues showing Roboastra arika, Chromodoris fidelis, Flavellina macassarana and Chromodoris trimarginata in values of 10, 15, 35 and 40t respectively. Singapore: #267, Amplustrum amplustre (1977) 20¢. Eveline Marcus writes that she is expecting the Rehders from the Smithsonian to visit in Brazil and later, other visitors. Her summer trip for this year will again leave out California. Speaking of trips: We live about 30 minutes from the San Francisco International Airport and would love to hear from any of you who are travelling through. Please let us know even if it is only a short stop between planes. I won't be able to do any foreign travelling for quite a while so please don't miss the opportunity to say hello if you get to California. I still have microfiche available for many, many opisthobranch and general molluscan works. Most of the fiche are 24x reduction and contain 98 pages when full. Most are also negative appearing and have a black background with clear characters for optimum viewing and printing. Paper copies of any paper I have are available for $.35 per page as I have to pay that much to have them done commercially. I hope to lower this cost but that will have to wait until the volume of requests justifies the purchase of a good reader/printer. I will also have to spend about $2,000.00 more to get the text editing set-up computerized. Quite a few original papers and books are available. If you desire prices on any of these items you need only to send a request with the ON citation num- bers. Dr. Ruth Rosin has moved. Her new address is: 126 W. 83rd. Street, New York, NY 10024. Chris Kitting is now Dr. Christopher Kitting since he has received his Ph.D. from Hopkins (Stanford). Chris is working as a research assoc- iate until March and will then probably go to U.C. Santa Barbara as a research associate. Congratulations Dr. Kitting! The 1979 meeting of the Western Society of Malacologists will be held in conjunction with the American Malacological Union and the Coastal Bend Shell Club, from August 5-11 at Corpus Christi, Texas. The call for papers should go out around April 1, 1979. If you are planning to attend and present a paper, please let me know. I would like to see a coordinated group of opisthobranch papers if possible. James T, Carlton has moved. His new address is: Department of Biol- ogy, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543. The Bay Area Malacologists meeting, held January 27, 1979, was well worth attending. Approximately 40 people attended and discussed a variety of subjects. Dr. James Nybakken talked about two opisthobranch publica- tions which should be out this year. One will be published by R. Tucker Abbott and one by the California Academy of Sciences. If any of the often-herakded "Color California Opisthobranchs" books is actually pub- lished and distributed, it will be cause for shouting! Tan Loch and Bill Rudman are still at the Australian Museum. Bill is spending time getting to know the local fauna. OPISTHOBRANCH NEWSLETTER | MarcH, 1979. —Votume XI, NumBer 3, Pace 5. Illustration at right: Micromelo guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Tllustration by Prawie HOLL . i From Kerry B. Clark: "In clarification of an earlier note [ON XI(2): | 3-4] on tank culture, we discovered that we actually had two species of Oxynoe living in our culture systems. 0. antillarum has type 1 development and large egg masses, while the second species has very extended intracap- sular development and small inconspicuous egg masses. Kathe Jensen is preparing a description of the new species. This explains why Oxynoe appeared to be developing in our tanks, as the new species can be cultured prety easily (as long as we can supply Caulerpa). We are continuing our identification of diets of Plocida Ascoglossa, “hele should help clarify feeding trends within the order, and also help workers locate specimens. Almost invariably, if the food can be located, the animal can be collected the holding the alga in aquariums for several days, after which the juveniles grow to visible size. The adults can also be collected by snorkeling, grabbing handfuls of algae and shaking vigor- |) ousty underwater. These techniques are necessary to collect sufficient numbers for lab work, because tropical populations have very low densities relative to those of temperate climates. Nearly every siphonalean alga in Florida supports one or more species of ascoglossan, though often sea- “sonally. We have collected nearly all reported species of Florida Asco- _glossa in this way, with some apparently new species and several interest- p ing range extensions, including Costasiella lilianae, Mourgona germaineae, _ and Caliphylla mediterranea. Many species appear to be quite havitat- specific, and we have collected these from only a few localities in Florida despite relatively widespread occurrence of the algal food. Perhaps some | Cre these anomalies are due to currents, but we often find that a distance of a hundred meters may make a tremendous difference in density of a popu- | eberagetae even though conditions appear quite Similar. : I have three papers in press - one in Baruch symposium volume, and | Sue) in the December JOURNAL OF MCLLUSCAN STUDIES. Two are on plastid sym- _biosis and one on developmental patterns." From James T. Carlton: "Greetings!, and congratulations on seeing the Opisthobranch Newsletter through its first ten years! I still remem- ber the day when the first issue (and covering sheet) arrived on our desks at the California Academy of Sciences. Of all the other newsletters -- fox barnacles, amphipods, polychaetes, echinoderms, Corbicula, and many thers --.the ON is surely one of the, if not the, oldest and most con- tinuous of them all. a Let me comment on my old friend Dave Behrens' comments on the mat- ter of nomenclatural changes. There are of course two general types of such changes: ‘legal" changes necessitated by ICZN rules (matters of pri- Becity, homonomy, etc.), and somewhat more "subjective! changes, based on the op «ions of one worker or another as to the generic placement of a species, as to the synonymy of two or more species, etc. It is the latter that most often give the most trouble: Worker A thinks species X and Y are the same, but Worker B thinks species X and Y are not only quite distinct but should perhaps be in different genera, leaving Worker C not knowing ie Name or names to use. Only time and further data can resolve such VoL. X1G) 36, | — OpistHosraNcH NEWSLETTER MARCH 1979 =_ = = oe J = om an _ am =x a a ooo am omy ap = = — = a = — —_ = -_ = = =_ —_ = —_ —=_ -_ = CARLTON - CONTINUED FROM PRECEEDING PAGE; a problems, and it may be one year or 50 years before one opinion or another ~ is finally accepted. David comments eee "A confusing point is that no one seems to be using the new names.’ Let us examine this problem. First of course, the new names are used by those who propose them (presumably) . We can then consider the rest of the workers in the field concerned, whether these are opisthobranch workers, barnacle workers, polychaete | sorts, etc. Some of these will quickly adopt the new names, others will | 4 hedge a while, while others will disagree with the new names (unless, again — presumably, the changes were dictated by ICZN rules). Now we can consider _ the greater number of biologists, zoologists, natural historians, and many : others who are outside of the particular field. It is here, more than any | where else, that we find frustration, perplexity, confusion, disbelief, — a and many other responses to changes of names of common, well known species, and a naturally conservative response to continue use of the 'older' (= improper ?) name. Who, indeed, will willingly abandon Hermissenda (now Phidiana)? How do we explain that dear old wavanax has run the gamut from > Chelidonura to Aglaja?, and that some of our Aglajas now are Melanoclamys? ~~ For those who know the classic worm Mercierella, we are now to cali it > Ficopmatus; Balanus tintinabulum californicus iS now Megabalanus californ- icus, and Balanus cariosus is now Semibalanus cariosus; the seaspider (pyc- nogonid) so common in some Californian shallow waters, long known as oe soma viridintestinale, is now Anoplodactylus viridintestinalis. And, return to gastropods, Littorina planaxis Must now be Littorina oe. Mitrella carinata is now Alia carinata, and on the name changes go. And so are we to jump in and use all of the new names the moment we learn of | them? Which are changes due to matters of priority, homonomy, or synonymy; — which are changes because a subgenus has been elevated to a genus; which | are changes because an old generic name must be abandoned for any of many 4 reasons? To the general zoologist, it is all the same: the name has changed, the taxonomists have been at work, and the longer one: can hold onto the a older name, the better. (It is Si interest to note that negative reactions to name changes are most pronounced when common and well-known species are involved, and are increasingly less pronounced when increasingly obscure species are concerned). In general, however, I believe we can say that _ new names are adopted albeit in many cases slowly, and that the proposal ~ of a new name carries with it no time-adoption criteria or requirements. — David remarks, 'Good old names are falling like dead flies,’ but we must | remember that exactly the same thing could have been said by a biologist | in 1879, and that our ‘good old names' were, in very many cases, the same ‘new names' that biologists of generations 200 may have objected to also! I must say that I am not sure that an ‘opinion poll' is what we really need, as opinion les or committee decisions certainly cannot tell us which names are 'correct,' and we do want to avoid the "toothpaste tally syndrome: 4 out of 5 (doctors, dentists, opisthobranch workers) prefer.... Certainly a section of the ON devoted to pointing out name changes would be useful, and solid discussions on individual problems would be welcome, ~ but to actually know that 6 workers prefer one name, and 4 another, might not tell us too much, especially as the expertise and experience of epece workers will vary greatly. es I could go on for some length, as I have given some considerabl “and eNGuene over the years to the subjectivity and ephemerality of names, « what it all mus mean. I'11 be interested in reading other FesPoneee tog Dave's comments." - Jim Carleton BIBLIOGRAPHY OF OPISTHOBRANCHIA! | a 8428 NYST, H. 1855. Description succincte d'un novueau wer lumens marin jai des rives de. 1"Escaut (Alderia scaldinia n. Sp.). eee ACD BELG., 22:3. 8429 NYST, H. & M. MOURLON, 1871. Note sur le gite fougiiminene da! Aeltr evans orientale). ANN. SOC. MALACOL. BELG. (MEM.), 6: MARCH 1979 OPISTHOBRANCH NEWSLETTER G VOr NCS). 7, 8430 OBERWIMMER, A., 1898. Heteropoden und Pteropoden, Sinusigera, gesamm- elt von S.M. Schiff "Pola" 1890/94. Soolog. Ergebn., X. Mollusken LL. DENKSCHR. K. AKAD.,WISS. WIEN, MATH. NAT. CL., 65: 8431 OBERZELLER, EDDA, November 1969. Die Verwandtschaftbeziehungen der ae _Rhodope veranii K61l. zu den Oncidiidae, Vaginulidae und Rathouisi- : idae in bezug auf des Nervensystem. MALACOLOGIA, 9(1):282=-283, figs. 8432 Ptisanula limnaeoides, a New Arctic Opisthobranchiate Mollusc, its Anatomy and Affinities. ARK. ZOOL., 8(25):1-18, 1 pl. NILS ODHNER. 8433 O'DONOGHUE, CHARLES H. 1930. Two New Meet ibranchs from India. PROC. _ MALACOL. SOC. LONDON, 19 (3) :83-90. 1693 -OSHIMA, H. 1933. Young Pycnogonids Found Bares eis) on Nudibranchs. ANNOT. ZOOL. JAPON, 14:61-66, FIGS. 1-5. 8435, OLDROYD, IDA oe Toi1, Collecting Shells from the Abalone. NAUTILUS, Sis) 8436 OLDROYD, Ts Si, 1914, A Remarkably Rich Pocket of Fossil Drift from the Pleistocene. THE NAUTILUS, 28: 8437 OLDROYD, I.S., 1919. New Pleistogene Mollusks from California. THE “NAUTILUS, 34: —-8438 OLDROYD, IDA SHEPARD, 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of | — *North America. STANFORD UNIV. PUBLIC. UNIV. SER. GEOL. SCI., 2(1-3): me) 942pp., 108 pls. uf Beso OLIVEIRA, L.P.H. DE., 1950. Levantamento biogeografico da baia de - Guanabara. MEM. INST. OSW. CRUZ, Vol. 48:363-391. Rio de Janeiro. 8440 OLIVEIRA, L. DE & L. KRAU, 1953. Levantamento biogeografico da Baia de Guanabara. MEM. INST. OSW. CRUZ, 51:503-524, figs. 1-30. 8441 OLLIVIER, MARIE-THERESE, 1970. Etude des eeuplenenes de zostéres, | -lanice et sabelles de la région Dinardaise. TETHYS, 1(4): ee 1138, 9 figs. 8442 OLMSTED, J.M.D., 1917. Notes on the Locomotion of Certain Bermudian fe Moliusks. JOURN. EXP. ZOOL., 24: 13 OOSTINGH, C.H., 1923. Recent Shells from Java Tt. Gastropoda: MED- ae EDEEL. LANDBOUWHOOGE - SCHOOL WAGENINGEN, 26: — P., 1904. Uher Tertidrfossilien wahrscheinlich eozdnen “Alters von Kamerun, BEITRAGE ZUR GEOLOGIE VON KAMERUN., Stuttgart. —— Ag 1845- Fortegnelse over Dyr samlede ved Drgbak Juli 1844. _ NATURHIST. TIDSKR., (Ny Raekke), 1: | PRSTED, A. S., 1849. Om lovene for farvefordel ingen hos dyrene i _ havets forskellige dybder. VIDENSK. MEDDEL. NATURH. FOREN. KJ@BENH., ORTON: J.H., 1922. Sea Temperature, Breeding and Distribution in _ Marine Animals. JOURN. MARINE BIOL. ASSOC. PLYMOUTH, 12: ORN, H.L., 1887. Notes on Mollusca Observed at Beaufort, N.C. dur- Summer of 1882 and 1884. STUD. LEON: LABOR. JOHNS HOESTNS UNIV., OSTROUMOV, ING 1893. Distribution verticale des mollusques ain la mer noire. CONGR. INTERN. ZOOL. MOSCOU, 2: WOLTO,) A.W. ; 1821. Conspectus animalium quorundam maritimorum. VRATIS- “LAVIAE, _ OWEN, Ge, 5 Maxch 1955. Use of Propylene Phenoxetol as a Relaxing Agent. NATURE, 175:434. | GYEN, P.A., 1909. Skjaelbanken ved Kaddeland. _ FORHANDLG. VID. SELSK. _ CHRISTIANIA F. 1909, 453 PACE, S., 1901. On the Rediscovery of Bueno oe (=Neda) peers Cuv. PROC. MALACOL. SOC. LONDON, 4: 4 PACKARD, E.L., 1916. Faunal Studies in the Cretaceous of the Santa Ana Mountains of Southern California. UNIV. CALIFORNIA PUBL. GEOL. ,9: . PACKARD, E.L., 1918. Molluscan Fauna From San Francisco Bay. UNIVER. _ CALIFORNIA PUBL. ZOOL., 14(2):199-452, pls. 14-60, tbls. 1-7.[12 Sep.] ) PAETEL, Fr., 1869. Molluscorum systema et catalogus. System und Auf- _zdhlung sdmmtlicher Conchylien der Sammlung von Fr. Paetel, nach dessen MEM Stores eke herausgegeben won Dr. L. W. Schaufuss. Dresden, VoL X15) 28. UP USTHOBRANCH NEWS _ETTER MARCH 23/3 8457 PART TEL, Fr., 1873. Catalog der Conchylien-Sammlung. Nebst Ubersicht des angewandten Systems. 2. Aufl. Berlin, 8458 PARTEL, Fr., 1888. Catalog der Conchylien-Sammlung. 4. Neubearbeitung. Mit Hinzuftigung der bis jetzt publicierten recenten Arten, sowie der ermittelten Synonyma. 1. Abt. Die Cephalopoden, Pteropoden und Meeres- Gastropoden. Berlin, 8459 PAGENSTECHER, H.A., 1863. Untersuchungen ther niedere Seethiere aus Cette. II. Zur Anatomie von Acteon viridis. Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., 12: 8460 PAGENSTECHER, H.A., 1876. Zoologische Miscellen I. Zur Kenntnis von Lophocercus Sieboldii Krohn und Soul., Oxynoe olivacea Raf.? Icarus Gravesii Forb? VERH. NATURHIST. MED. VER. HEIDELBERG, (N.F.), l: 8461 PAINE, ROBERT T., 1963. Trophic Relationships of Eight Sympatric . Predatory Gastropods. ECOLOGY, 44:63-73. 8462 PAINE, ROBERT T., 1964. Ash and Calorie Determination of Sponge and Opisthobranch Tissue. ECOLOGY, 45:384-387. 8463 PAINE, ROBERT T., 1965. Natural History, Limiting Factors, and Ener- getics of the Opisthobranch Navanax inermis., 46(5):603-619, 9 text figs. 8464 PALADINO, R., 1908. Uber das spektroskopische und chemische Verhalten ~ des Pigmentsekretes von Aplysia punctata. BEITR. CHEM. ifihset Gllc PATH. 0 ll: ni XN 8465 PALLARY, P., 1900. Coquilles marines du littoral du aépautenene a2 Oran. JOURN. CONCHYL. PARIS, 48: eur 8466 PALLARY, P., 1902. Liste des Mollusques testacés de la baie de Tanger. JOURN. CONCHYL., 50: "y 8467 PALLARY, P., 1904. Addition a la faune malacologique du Golfe de Gabés. JOURN. CONCHYL., 52: $468 PALLARY, P., 1906. Addition A la faune malacologique du Golfe de Gabés. JOURN. CONCHYL., 54: 8469 PALLARY, P., 1911. Notes sur quelques coutumes carthaginoises et sur la survivance du Symbole de Tanit. REV. TUNISIENNE, 8470 PALLARY, P., 1914. Liste des Mollusques du Golfe de Tunis. BULL. SOC. HIST. NAT. AFRIQUE DU NORD, 6: 8471 PALLAS, P.S., 1774. Spicilegia zoologica, Fasc., 10: Berlin. 8472 PALMEN, J.A., 1881. Tvenne Opisthobranchiater fran Finska.Viken. MEDDEL. SOC. FAUNA FLORA FENN., 7: 8473 PANCERI, PAOLO, 1868. Ricerche sugli organi que nei Gastropodi : segragano l1' acido solforico. REND. ACCAD. scr. FIS. MAT. NAPOLI, : 7: [reprint pages numbered 1-8] 8474 PANCERI, P., 1868. Nouvelles observations sur la salive des Mollusque 4 gastéropodes. ANN.) SCI. NAT, ZOOL. (5). Os 8475 PANCERI, P., 1869. Gli organi e la secrezione dell'acido solforico nei gasteropodi; con un'appendice relativa ad altre glandole dei medesimi. ATTI ACCAD. SCI. FIS. MAT. NAPOLI, 4: al 8476 PANCERI, P., 1872. Etudes sur la phosphorescence des animaux marins. © ANN. SCI. NAT., ZOOL., (5), 16: q 8477 PANCERI, P., 1873. On the Light Emanating from the Nerve Cells of Phyllirrhoe bucephala. QUART. JOURN. MICR. SCI., N.S., 133 8478 PANETH, JOSEF, 1885. Beitrdge zur Histiologie der Pteropoden und Heteropoden. ARCH. F. MIKROSKOP. ANAT., 24:230-288, pls. 8479 PANTANELLI, D., 1880. Conchiglie plioceniche di Pietrafitta in pro- Vincia di Siena. BULL. SOC. MALAC. ITAL., 6: 8480 PANTANELLI, D., 1881. Enumerazione dei molluschi pliocenici della Toscana viventi nel Mediterranea. BULL. SOC. MALACOL. ITAL., 7: 8481 PANTANELLI, D., 1884. Note di malacologia pliocenica. I. Aggiunte e correzioni al catalogo dei molluschi pliocenica dei Dintorni di Siena DE es da de Stefanie Pantanelli. BULL. SOC. MALAC. ITAL. 10) ms OPISTHOBRANCH NEWSLETTER Votume XI, Numpers 4,5,6 Aprit-June, 1979 Page, 3. Ttlustratton at right: Calltopoea bellula Orbigny, 1837 Drawing by J.A. Ortea I am forced to increase subscription rates to the OPISTHOBRANCH NEWS-— LETTER. The postal ratés are due to rise again in the near future. Effective immediately, all foreign subscription rates will increase by five dollars per calendar year. U.S. and Canadian rates will remain the same. U.S. individual subscriptions will be $10.00 per year. U.S. institutional rates will be $12.50 per year. Foreign individual sub- scriptions will be $15.90 per year and foreign institutional subscrip- tions will be $17.50 per year. Back volmes will increase to $7.50 per volume. Microfiche will be $2.59 per volume and are available through the 1977 volume. Subscriptions and back volume requests should be made payable to Steven J. Long, 792 Laurie Avenue, Santa Clara, CA S5050,2 and be paid in U.S. funds. ARTICLES: N THE IDEAL TECHNIQUE FOR CLASSIFYING OPISTHOBRANCHIA. Eveline du Bois-Reymond Marcus. Systematics is the basis for other work with animals: ecology, physiology, pharmacology must know the species they are dealing with. Empty shells are often not sufficientl characteristic to determine even the family they belong to. Specimens of any kind, if they do not fit into a previous description, should be treated as new and given a working name, so that later research can confirm their status or place them in a synonymy. Collecting in the littoral zone: Turn stones: the photophobic Sluas hide at daytime. Replace stones carefully to original position. Algae are observed, covered with water, ina flat dish, or in a bucket covered with a black cloth; many animals come the surface. In algae kept in the aquarium for some weeks, their inhabitants often grow rap- idly. Sand an@ mud. are sieved with a kitchen sieve with 1-1.5 mm meshes. The living animals are picked out, and also dead shells for observing the variation. Interstitial fauna creeps out of the sand mMeaped | up on One side of aniinelined dish filled with -water .to ‘the lower border of the sand. One can also put anaesthetic into the water andi whirl the animals out. The fauna of panels hung into the sea for some weeks or more, often includes opisthobranchs. Planktotonic spe- cies are collecte? with the plankton net. Diving and dredging are for species from deeper water. Note the substratum and food (Alcae, hy- aQeouds, ete.) asa ene Make a thorough description of the specimens not immediately rec- ognized and a color photograph or drawing with colored pencils from the back and from the right side, with tentacles, rhinophores, gills, eeimaita, Genital, land anal openings. The veins running to the heart are specific in some species of Elysta. pees see 2 Gea a pete en em my aes See Ses ee Sah 8, rare tes Sees ; Eesi aes Hes Se os Bee re sae 2 : eee =a 3 2a pastures ieee Bence seises os # “aay eee fees 3 soy Gees {SERRE RS 5 Grey