^ ^

-5

TUFTS UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

3 9090 014 551 564

Seaverns

SF

291

R44

1875

A

THE

ORANGE dOTJNTT STUD BOOK,

arVTNG A mSTORT OP

ALL I^OTED STALLIONS

BRED AND RAISED IN ORANGE COUNTY ;

TOGETHER WITH

SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF THE DISEASES
OF THE HORSE,

J. H. REEVES, V. S.

PUBLISHED BY
86 Nassau St., New York

187B.

INTRODUCTION.

THE author of this little work, a native, and for
years a resident of Orange County, and one
whose avocation has thrown him much into the
society of her horsemen, and consequently enabled
him to acquire much valuable information in regard
to the breeding of horses in that county, and the
history and pedigree of its celebrated animals, in
presenting his book to the public, hopes that, in
estimating its value, the reliability, novelty, and
usefulness of its statements, rather than the number
of its pages, will be taken into consideration by the
reader. It is probable that no useful animal is more
affected by climate and food than the horse ; and
while the climate of the County of Orange seems

4 ORANGE COUKTT

favorable to the production of the horse, and its
rich pastures and fine meadows afford the elements
for developing the finest forms and most enduring
constitutions, it is only by a judicious system of
breeding that to these two requisites of a good horse,
the third, that of speed, can be added.

Our ideas of the system of breeding which should
be adopted in order to be successful, and the reasons
upon which they are founded, constitute our first
article. It contains no idle dogmas or worthless and
fantastic theories, calculated to lead the earnest and
honest searcher for useful knowledge into gross errors
and mistakes, but rather a collection of rules, precepts,
and facts, deduced from long experience in and close
observation of all matters pertaining to the subject.

While it is an undeniable fact that many fast trot-
ters have been bred and raised by persons who had no
knowledge of these principles, yet if the pedigree of
such could be correctly traced, it would be found that
the breeders thereof have almost invariably conformed
unintentionally to these established rules, and that,

STUD BOOK. 5

consequently, instead of the progeny being simply the
result of chance, it was produced under and in strict
a^cordance with the fixed rule of the law of nature —
that "like will produce like."

In proof of the soundness of our theory in regard
to breeding, we shall follow the Muove-mentioned
article with the pedigree and history of a few of the
most celebrated stock horses which have been produced
in Orange County, which, if carefully perused, cannot
fail to convince the reader of the infallibility of the
law of reproduction. And while our work is designed
more particularly for those who, in consequence of
their interest therein, may properly be styled " horse-
men," yet we trust that it will not be altogether with-
out interest to the general reader, and that he may
obtain some useful information in regard to the animal
which contributes so mucn to tne comfort and pleasure
of mankind, and which represents so largely the
wealth of our citizens.

The author has spent much time in obtaining the
reliable pedigree and history of the noted stallion,.

6 OEANGB COUNTY

American Star; and facts are herein disclosed in
regard to the history of Rysdyk's Hambletonian never
before made public. As these are now universally
regarded as the representative stock horses of Orange
County, and as the history of each is replete with
interest, much more might have been written ; having
concluded, however, to offer our book at a price within
the reach of all, we have been compelled to condense
it in this as well as in many other particulars. We
have also appended a brief treatise on the diseases of
horses and the treatment thereof, which will be found
to be worth the price of the book ten-fold to every
horse owner.

STUD BOOK.

BREEDING

IN OEANGE COUNTY.

Having briefly referred to the general subject of
breeding horses in the foregoing article, we pass to
notice the history and results thereof in Orange
County, in which county the subject has received
great attention, and has been rendered exceedingly
profitable to those who have engaged judiciously
therein. Indeed, from the time when the attention of
the citizens of this county was first di-awn to this sub-
ject, the standard of trotting horses throughout the
country has been gradually elevated, and their speed so
increased, that with the present established record of
2.17, it would seem that it has now reached its lowest
second, and that not much gieater achievements could
reasonably be expected from horseflesh.

ORAJJGE COUNTY

While the breediDg of running horses has been in
vogue for years, and their contests upon the turf is a
time-honored and ancient amusement, the first stallion
that we ever saw advertised as possessing trotting qual-
ities was Imported Bellfounder, in the year 1832. He
was a bright bay, with black main, tail, and legs,
standing fifteen hands high ; and his superior blood,
symmetry of form, and action, excelled all other stal-
lions. He was allowed, by the best judges in Norfolk,
England, to be the fastest and best-bred stallion ever
sent out of that country. No doubt he was, for, as a
proof, he stayed here only one year, and was then
taken back. Bellfounder made the season at Wash-
ingtonville, with full pedigree given, at twenty-five
dollars to insure a mare in foal. And here, well may
we mention, that forty years ago, twenty-five dollars
made the farmers of Orange County open their eyes,
for at that time, it is a fact well known, that the price
of service was looked at, not pedigree.

Bellfounder at that time was said to have trotted
seventeen miles in an hour. Notwithstanding what

STUD BOOK, 9^

was then considered an exorbitant price, Bellfounder
was patronised, for the Crabtree mare was his
daughter, and the mother'of J. D. Sayer's Harry Clay,
who has proved himself a trotter, and the sire of trot-
ters. Bellfounder was the sire of the Charles Kent
mare, the mother of the celebrated stallion Hamble-
tonian, the property of the late Wm. M. Rysdyk, of
Chester, Orangje County, N. Y. Of this horse and
his get, a place will be found in this book. We pass
through the years of our Hylanders, Hickories, Wild
Airs, Liberties, Lances, Bolivars, Ottoways, Bullfrogs,
and a host of others, many of whose get made good
mothers, properly bred, for they were all bred up. (See
article on breeding.) There was not much change in
breeding valuable horses until about the spring of
1 847, when Abdallah came into this county. He was
a big, coarse, homely horse ; and then the farmers first
began to look at and turn their attention, many of
them, to pedigree and blood. This horse Abdallah was
almost if not the first point made in Orange County in
bringing the breeding of trotters to the standai-d it has

10 OKANGE COUNTY

at the present time. Black Hawk came into the coun-
ty next, and left some good colts. His mare colts
have made some of our best breeders. Charles Bull,
of the town of Blooming Grove has a mare sired by
Black Hawk that has raised him six colts by Hamble-
tonian, all horse colts, and have been sold young. He
has one foaled in 1871. And these colts have ave-
raged Mr. Bull two thousand four hundred dollars.
Other mares by" Black Hawk are valued highly as
breeders. Black Hawk died in Montgomery, July,
1853.

Cassius M. Clay, Jr., made his appearance here in
the spring of 1852. His get has been of great value
for breeding purposes, as it gave us more size, more
bone, and speed. He left a large number of good ones
in this county. His price for service was twenty dol-
lars, which was thought to be extravagant by those
who patronised him. J. D. Sayer's Harry Clay was
one of his get — was foaled in the spring of 1853,—
was kept for service in this county until he was sold in
1862 to Harry Dater, of New York, for five thousand

8TUD BOOK. 11

dollars. This horse was a stock horse that improyeel
our breeds for bone, size, and speed. Of his get many
are of note on the turf, his mares are highly appreci-
ated on oui" breeding farms, and his horse colts kept
as stallions have been sold at high figures and left our
county. One is still here kept for service; this is
Black Harry Clay, foaled in the spring of 1859. He
was bred by Wm. Owen, and owned by him and Brad,
P. Doty, but has always been under the control of
Brad. This horse is a trotter, and his get are trotters.
One of his colts was sold to Gen. Kilpatrick for four
thousand dollars in gold, and taken to Chili. Cassius
M. Clay, the sire of Cassius M. Clay, Jr., stood for
service in Montgomery, and died in the same stable
that the Black Hawk died in, July, 1854. He was
driven to death, and Black Hawk doctored to death. As
this family of horses all have their representatives at
the present day, we must give space and time for
those that are still on the stage of action. We will leave
this by giving a history of the celebrated stallion
Hambletonian and his get.

M) OKAijGE couirrr

HISTORY

OP THB

HORSE HAMBLETONIAN,

The Property of the late Wm. M. Rysdyk.

The pedigree of this celebrated horse is familiar to
almost every horseman throughout the civilized
world ; indeed, perhaps no single horse ever foaled has
won from his own intrinsic merits such an extensive
and enduring reputation.

He was by Abdallah, the grandson of the renowned
imported Messenger ; his dam the Charles Kent mare,
and she by imported Bellfounder.

Abdallah was kept for mares at Chester, Orange
County, iu the years eighteen hundred and forty- seven
and eight, at twenty dollars to insure a colt. In the
latter year, Jonas Seely, of the same town, owned this
Charles Kent mare, and bred her to the horse Abdal-

STUD BOOK. 18

lah. She proved with foal, and on the fifteenth day
of May, eighteen hundred and forty-nine, gave birth
to the colt which since has become so famous through-
out the land under the name of Hambletonian.

The mare, with her colt by her side, was sold by
Mr. Seely to the late William M. Rysdyk, for the sum
of one hundred and twenty-five dollars. The circum-
stances of Mr. Rysdyic were at this time very limited,
and it was only through the assistance of friends that
he was enabled to efiect the purchase even at the low
figures named by the owner. From the price paid we
may readily infer that there was nothing very attract-
tive or extraordinary either in the appearance of the
dam or her foal. The colt, however, under the careful
management of his new owner, rapidly improved, and
was shown the same fall at the fair of the Orange
County Agricultural Society at Goshen.

At this exhibition he was led by the side of a horse,
and was equipped with a white bridle, martingals, and
girth, a fact often spoken of by men who were boys at
that time. This brought the colt into some little no-

14 ORANGE COUNTY

toriety, which arose, perhaps, more from the style oi
his equipment than anything else, as it was something
novel in those days to see one so young exhibited in
that style and manner. This was in the tall of
eighteen hundred and forty-nine, and he was again
shown in the fall of eighteen hundred and fifty, at the
same place and under circumstances equally as well
calculated to attract attention.

In the spring of eighteen hundred and fifty-one, we
saw him again, at the residence of his owner, and so
greatly had he improved, and so rapid had been his
growth, ,that, although he was but two years old, he
resembled in almost every particular a fully-developed
horse.

Mr. Kysdyk, during this season, allowed him to
cover four mares, as appears by Mr. R's. books, which
we have been kindly permitted to inspect, and to
which we are indebted for much of the information
hereinafter contained.

He got three colts from these mares (two horses
and one mare), and no price is charged for the services

STUD BOOK. 16

apon the book, an omission, however, which never
thereafter occurs. One of these colts soon thereafter
came into the hands of Major J. Seeley Edsall, of
Goshen, and under his careful handling soon proved
himself a superior horse.

The Major kept him for mares four years at Goshen,
and then sold him to Mr. Alexander, of Kentucky ; he
however, had in the meantime become the father of
the filly now so widely known throughout this country
as Goldsmith's Maid. We might mention many other
**good ones" from him; but for the present must
trace the history of his sire.

In speaking of this — Hambletonian's first season —
it is a fact worthy of remark, that a very large per-
centage of his progeny thus far in his prolific career
have been males, and that while large numbers of
them have fi*om time to time covered themselves with
glory in their contests upon the turf, the reputation of
the old horse as a father of trotters would scarcely
arise above mediocrity were it entirely dependant upon
the exploits of his daughters.

16 ORANGE COUNTT

In the spring of eighteen hundred and fifty-two he
was offered for service to a limited number of mares at
twenty-five dollars to insure a colt. While we cannot
assert that the practice of limiting the number of
mares to be served during the season was inaugurated
by Mr. Rysdyk at this time, yet it is a fact which can-
not be gainsayed, that his example has been rigidly
followed ever since by the owners of stallions in their
advertisements at least. During this season he served
seventeen mares and got thirteen colts. In the fall he
was taken to the Island to be trained as a trotter, and
after going through a term of three months of this
kind of education, he returned to Chester, without
having made any public record of his performance
upon the turf Notwithstanding the assertion of the
renowned Hiram Woodruff, that the Abdallahs could
endure more early training than almost any other
breed of horses, we are credibly informed that this son
of Abdallah was retired from the turf thus early in
consequence of his inability to withstand its severe
exactions.

STDD BOOK. 17

In the spring of eighteen hundred and fifty- three he
was advertised for service. His full pedigree was
given, and twenty-five dollars was again asked to
insure a colt.

The breeders of Orange County, at this early day
in the histoiy of the horse, began to appreciate his
fine qualities, and to extend to hira a liberal patron-
age, as he covered during this season one hundred
and one mares, and got seventy-eight colts. His sue-,
cess as a stock horse was now fully assured, and with-,
out any brilliant performance upon the turf, or any of
that puffing and blowing so frequently used both to
create and perpetuate the reputation of stallionSj he
entered upon a career never equaled in the annals of
horse-breeding. In the spring of eighteen hundred and
fifty-four a similar advertisement appeared, with the
single exception that the price was raised to thirty-
five dollars. Eighty-eight mares were served, and
sixty-three colts were paid for. In eighteen hundred
and fifty-five, at the same place and pri(;e, he served
eighty-nine mares, and sixty-four colts were paid ior

B

18 ORANGE comnr

In eighteen hundred and fifty-six, eighty-seven mares
and sixty-four colts. In eighteen hundred and fifty-
geven, eighty-seven mares and sixty-three colts. In
eighteen hundred and fifty-eight, seventy-two mares
and fifty-four colts. In eighteen hundred and fifty-
nine, ninety-five mares and sixty-six colts. In eighteen
hundred and sixty, one hundi'ed and six mares and
seventy-two colts. In eighteen hundred and sixty-
one, ninety-eight mares and sixty-eight colts. In
eighteen hundred and sixty-two, one hundred and
fifty- eight mares and one hundred and eleven colts
were paid for. During these preceding nine years he
stood a part of the time at Goshen, but principally at
his owner's stable in Chester, at thirty-five dollars to
insure.

The brilliant performances of his colts upon the turf
had now given their sire a national reputation. They
were in great demand, and commanded high, and in
many instances, exorbitant prices ; and the breeding
of trotters received a new and greater impetus than
ever before throughout the county. A new road to

STUD BOOK. 19

fortune aod wealth was opened, and many a farmer,
into whose brain the idea of making a dollar in any
other way than by the production of milk and butter
had never entered, prompted by the success of a
neighbor, turned his attention to breeding horses, and
forthwith concluded "to put the old mare."

Mr. Rysdyk, taking advantage of this state of
affairs, raised his price for the services of Hamble-
tonian to seventy-five dollars, at which price, in the
season of eighteen hundred and sixty-three, he
covered one hundred and fifty mares, and got ninety-
two colts. The next season, eighteen hundred and
sixty-four, the price was again raised to one hundred
dollars. Two hundred and seventeen mares were
covered, and one hundred and forty-eight colts got
In eighteen hundred and sixty-five the price was raised,
to three hundred dollars to insure, one hundi'ed dol-
lars of which was to be paid at the time of service^
During this season one hundred and ninety-three
mares were served, and one hundred and twenty-eight
colts got. The following season, eighteen hundred

20 OKANGK COUNTT

and sixty-six, at five hundred dollare, one hundred of
which was required to be paid down, he served one
hundred and five mares, and got seventy-five colts. In
eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, he served seventy-
seven mares and got forty-one colts.

As might reasonably have been expected, from the
polygamous course of life to which the old horse had
for years been subjected, his physical powers became
weakened, and during the year eighteen hundred and
sixty-eight he was retired from the stud, and covered
no mares. Notwithstanding, however, the prognosti-
cations of many that he was " played out," a season^s
Test' had a highly beneficial effect upon him, and dur-
ing the following season he served twenty-one mares
and got fourteen colts. In eighteen hundred and
seventy he served twenty-two mares and got thirteen
colts. In eighteen hundred and seventy-one he wa»
limited to thirty mares, which he served, and from
which he got twenty colts, having left some seventy
applicants unserved in consequence of this limitation.
We have been informed by Mr. Geo. Andrews, under

8TUD BOOK. 2i

ffbose management and direction Hambletouiau no\r
is, that for the coming season of eighteen hundred
and seventy two over one hundred applications have
been received, from which number, however, but
thirty will be accepted. Upon a recent visit to
Chester, the old horse was shown to us by his very
gentlemanly manager. Although exhibiting many of
the indications of old age, as a matter of course, yet
his eye appeared bright and undimmed by years, while
his coat was glossy ; and those peculiar points which
long since have led him to be pronounced the " King
of Horses," still stand out in bold relief While
standing in his majestic presence, and remembering
the fact that he was the sire of twelve hundred and
fifty standing colts, that they or their progeny were
represented in almost every state and county through-
out the United biates, and m almost every country in
the civilized world, and that upon their successful
contests upon the turf, fortunes had been won again,
and again, we could not but respect and venerate him.
Although, in the natural course of events, the days of

22 ORANGE COUNTY

the old horse will soon be Dumbered, yet, upon the
undeniable maxim that "like begets like," we shall
continue to produce trotters in Orange County for
years to come which will maintain our proud and pre-
eminent position upon the turf.

The sons and grandsons of the princely old horse
are yearly begetting colts superior to themselves, and
with our present knowledge of breeding judiciously
applied, we have no hesitation in asserting that the
speed of trotting horses will still be vastly increased,
and that the future Kings and Queens of the turf will
hail from Orange CJouuiy.

8TDD BOOK 88

THE SONS

OLD HAMBLETONIAN.

In view of the length of time in which Hamble-
tonian has been at the stud, and of the vast number
of colts of which, during that time, he has become the
sire — as portrayed by the preceding article — it cannot
be expected that we will give more than a passing
notice of a few of the many celebrated stallions which
have sprung from his loins ; and the first we will
mention

Alexander's JBEambletonian.

This horse — or as he is more familiarly known in
Orange County — Edsall's Hambletonian, was, as we
have previously remarked, one of Hambletonian's
first get, having been foaled in the year eighteen hun-

24 OKANGK COUNTY

d»ed and fifty-two, out of a raare by Bay Roman, he
by Marabriuo, and he by Messenger.

He was purchased, when quite young, by Major
Edsall, of Goshen, and was kept by him until eighteen
kundred and fifty-nine, when he was sold to Mr.
Alexander, of Lexington, Kentucky, During the
lime he was owned by Major Edsall, he proved him-
self not only to be very speedy, but also one of the
finest stock horses ever produced. It is said that,
during the. w ar, he was stolen by the rebels, and that
Alexander offered a reward of one thousand dollars
for his recovery. Stimulated by this liberal reward,
parties immediately set out for his reca])ture, and one
of the pursuants, mounted upon a thorough-bred
raare, succeeded in overtaking the thief, when a con-
flict with arms commenced, during which the stallion
was unfortunately accidentally shot. He was returned
lo his owner, and the reward paid ; but, either from
the effects of the wound, or from over-exertion, he
died very soon thereafter. He was the sire of Gold-
smith's Mai<l, now the acknowledged Queen of the

OTUD BOOK. 26

Turf; of Major Edsall, a very fast stallioD ; and of
many other good ones not so well known ; indeed, it
18 almost the universal opinion of the experienced
horsemen of the county, that had he remained therein
he would long ere this have acquired a reputation as
a stock horse not even second to his sire.

Mdward JEverettf

(Formerly Major Winfield), has recently, in conse-
quence of the achievements of his colts, greatly
distinguished himself as a stock horse. His dam is
said to have been by imported Margrave, and was
formerly owned and used under the saddle by the Hon.
Thomas George, of this county. He bred her to
Hambletonian ; and, although recognizing the superior
qualities of his mare, yet, for some reason, he gave
the colt to Sheriff Lillum, upon condition that he
would keep the mare until the colt v/as weaned. In
connection with this fact, it may be mentioned, that
Judge George bought one of Everett's sons, which

'26 ORA.NGE COUNTT

has since become noted, viz., Mountain Boy, when
four years old ; but as this horse at that time showed
nothing very promising, to say the least, he sold him
to Esquire Bingham, soon after, for one hundred and
fifty dollars.

Everett is also the sire of Judge Fullerton and Joe
Elliott, who are of themselves enough to demonstrate
the great value of their sire. He was purchased by
Robert Bonner, for twenty thousand dollars, and is
now standing at the Lagrange Farm, in this county,
under the management of Mr. Wm. H. Keetch.

Volunteer.

While the success of a stallion, either as a trotter
or as a stock producer, must depend very much upon
his own intrinsic merits, yet, in both of these particu-
lars, much also depends upon his management and the
care and treatment which he receives at the hands or
by the direction of his owner. In this particular,
Volunteer has been extremely fortunate. His owner,

STUD BOOK. 27

Mr. Alden Goldsmith, is one of the most intelligent
and practical breeders in the county, and, indeed, may
justly be considered the pioneer breeder of trotters
therein. His great experience and sound judgment
has led him to adopt a judicious system of crossing
this horse with mares of his own, the results of which
have of themselves established a reputation for the
horse which is exceedingly enviable. His dam was by
Young Patriot, a descendant of Messenger ; and his
colts are generally very good sized, strong and hand-
some.

Among the speedy ones, we may mention Hamlet,
W. H. Allen, Huntress, and Bodine ; while we under-
stand that a Whirlwind will soon appear upon the
tmf which will astonish the world.

Middletoivn,

Recent exploits of the colts of this horse have
greatly increased his popularity as a breeder, and have
placed him in the foremost rank of stallions, some
horsemen even predicting that he is the "coming

2B OltANGE COUNTY

stock horse." He is out of a mare by American
Eclipse, a gi-andsoii of Messenger, and thus has a
combination of the very best strains of the Messenger
blood.

Although his colts are quite young, yet one of them
— Music, owned by that expert horseman and judicious
trainer, William Trimble, of Newburgh — a four-year-
old, out of a second Star mare, has shown herself to
be extremely fast upon several occasions.

Middletown has been absent from the county for
several months, but we are glad to learn that he will
make the coming season at Middletown, and we
doubt not but that many of our breeders will avail
themselves of his services.

Mappy Mediutn.

The mother of this stallion was the renowned
Princess, that so frequently and so gamely disputed
the supremacy of the turf with Flora Temple, which
18 probably all the encomium he needs at our hands.

artTD BOOK. 29

He was sold last season by Mr. Fowler Galloway, to
parties in Philadelphia, for a large price ; yet the
investment will undoubtedly be exceedingly profitable
lio his present owners, as we understood he afterwards
covered one hundred mares at one hundred and fifty
dollars for the season. Mr. J, S. Edsall, who has been
the fortunate owner of some of the very best stock
ever produced in the county, has a very fine bay
st,allion by him, out of a Black Hawk mare.

Idoh

Mr. Backman, the owner of this fine young horse,
is the most extensive breeder of trotters in the world.
And inasmuch as, since the establishment of his large
business at Stonyford, he has almost monopolized the
services of Old Hambletonian and consequently has
become the owner of a large number of his colts, it
will not be within the scope of pur little volume to
give a detailed description of the many which aro
worthy thereof We have selected Idol, not only as our
favorite, but as the recognized head of his stud, to fill

80 OEANGE COUNTT

the small space we have to spare. He is one of the
best proportioned animals in the county — handsome,
intelligent, with fine limbs and gait. He is out of a
mare by Harry Clay ; second dam said to be by Terror.
Although Mr. Backman may have evidence sufficient
to prove the latter fact, yet, notwithstanding, we have
known this grandam for years, and always believed,
from her appearance, that she was well bred ; it was
never discovered that she had the pedigree now claimed
for her, until after she became the property of Mr. Back-
man. The dam of Idol was bred by Lewis Tuthill, of
Union ville, and was sold by him when she was three
years old for one hundred dollars.

Since that time, colts have been raised from her of
sufficient value to amount to one or two very fine
fortunes. The objection will undoubtedly be raised
by some that Idol has Clay blood in his veins, and
that his value is thereby considerably decreased.
Permit us, however, to remark just here, that, while
we are willing to acknowledge that the Clays as
trotters have not proved a success, we nevertheless

STUD BOOK. 81

consider the mares of this breed of great value as
breeders. They are natural trotters, with splendid
action and lots of speed, but have generally developed
a " soft spot," — in other words, are deficient in staying
qualities. This single defect, we have no doubt, will
be remedied by judicious crossing; and we confidently
predict, that the time is not far distant, when these
mares will be almost, if not quite, as highly prized for
breeders as the Stars.

Idol's colts are very promising ; and we feel confi-
dent that, as soon as they acquire sufiicient age, will
duly honor their parentage.

Sayer^s Guy lliller.

This horse was bred by Mr. Richard Sears, of
Orange County (now deceased), who lived on a large
ferm some three miles south from the Village of
Goshen, and had given much time and attention to the
breeding of fine horses, and would undoubtedly liave
realized his highest anticipations could he have lived

S3 ORANGE COONTT

to see the progeny of Guy Miller in its present atage
of development. Sayer's Guy Miller was foaled in the
spring of eighteen hundred and sixty-three, Jtr^i was
purchased by Mr. Daniel Sayer, of Union ville Orange
County, N. Y., at the public sale of Mr. Seara' estate,
in the spring of eighteen hundred and sircy-five, for
the sum of eleven hundred and fifty dollars. This
horse was sired by Galloway's Guy Millei, and he by
Hambletonian. The dam of Sayer's Guy Miller was
Shai-pless Abdallah, by Old Abdallah ; grandam, by
One-Eyed Hunter, the sire of Flora Temple : inherit
ing the Messenger blood from both sire and dam. He
took the first premium, awarded to colts of his class,
for trotting, in Orange County, at the successive ages
of three, four, and five years : he also took the first
premium at the Agricultural Fail-, when competing
with some half-dozen of the first of Hambletonian' g
colts, as being the best stallion in Orange County. Mr.
Sayer has bred his horse to a fine Harry Clay mare of
his with remarkable success. He sold her first colt,
**Tom Sayers," a three-year-old, in the fall of eighteen

STUD BOOK. 1^3

hundred and seventy, to Budd Doble, for two thousand

five hundred dollars, at the time of his winning the

three-year-old stake at Middletown, in 2 m. and 56 s.,

being the same time made by his sire, at the same age.

A like sum has been offered for her second colt, and

refused. This horse has served mares only at his

owner's stable, and at the moderate price of fifty

dollars to insure. He served, during the season of

eighteen hundred and seventy-one, one hundred and

fourteen mares, proving himself a sure foal getter. 2S^

well as a source of great profit to his owner.

More fortunately in the horse than in human kind

a noble sire more certainly transmits his estimable

qualities to his posterity ; and while the human kind

may bask in the sunshine of ancestral glory, enjoy a

secondary fame by keeping himself obscured in the

paternal shadow, or claim for himself the undeserved

merits of a family name, and with diplomatic skill and

through artful devices bear off the laurels belonging

to others ; the horse kind, before his claims to celebrity

md fame are considered, must produce the double
o

84 ORANGE COUNTY

assurance of, first, his family record, and secondly, his
ability to ])erform or surpass what his ancestors have
done before him. Without ascribing to ourselves the
power to unveil the future, even to the extent of one
day's fair or foul weather, yet, with a knowledge of
facts before us concerning this same Guy Miller, his
noble and enduring qualities and many points of
excellence, we predict foi* him, as a getter of trotters,
a position second to none among horses, in thk
oonniry.

STUD BOOK. 35

AMEEICAN STAE

Was a sorrel horse, with star and snip in forehead,
two white feet behind, above the pasterns, and aboat
fifteen hands high.

PEDIGREE.

American Star was sired by American Star, he by
Cock of the Rock, he by Durock, and he by Romp ;
Romp by imported Messenger. His dam was by the
racehorse, Henry ; grandam by Messenger.

That his dam and gi-andam were both thorough-
breds there is no doubt. His pedigree we shall try to
prove, together with his history. For the last five
years, the pedigree of the celebrated horse, American
Star, has been a subject of much controversy, so much
so, that we have taken much time and trouble to
furnish a correct history ©f him. The great value

86 ORAJJGE COUNTT

attaching to the progeny of this horse, in the firsthand
second generations, makes it of the utmost import-
ance that breeders should have exact and reliable
information as to the blood he possessed. Fortunately,
in our travels through Orange, Ulster, and Columbia
Counties, in New York, and through a greater part
of New Jersey ; we think we shall be able, clearly
and unmistakably, to give a correct and reliable
pedigree and history of the horse^ American Star ; and
supply every link in the chain from the day he was
foaled, the property of Henry II. Beriy, Esq., of
Pompton Plains, Morris County, New Jersey, in
June, eighteen hundred and thirty-seven, until he
died, the property of Theodore Dusenberry, of Goshen,
in February, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. Henry
H. Berry sought this horse vvhile owned by Edmond
Seeley and Hiram Smith, and recognized him at once
as the same horse owned and raised by him till he was
seven years of age. This Mr. Berry told us ; which,
we claim, connects the last link with the first; and we
simply mention this because Uncle Edmond did not

STUD BOOK. 37

give him the same pedigree. He claimed his daTri was
a Canuck, or Canada mare; therefore, some cliimed
he was not the horse raised by Mr. Berry, His lastinj^
qualities, not only with him, but with his progeny,
should be a proof most raanifestj that his mother was
no Canuck. Being a personal friend of Henry H.
Berry, we shall, as briefly as possible, give his own
words as he told us in a conversation we had with 'him.
on this subject. In the fall of eighteen hundred and
thirty-four, Mr. Berry was in the City of New York,
and a particular friend of his — Joseph-Genung — urged
him to buy a very fine mare for breeding purposes that
a friend of his owned on Long Island, and, on account
of being badly used and driven on the hard roads, her
leet had given out and she was offered cheap. Mr.
Barry declined to buy her at any price, as he had
horses enough.

Mr. Genung said her hlood made her especially
valuable for breeding purposes, as she was by the
raco-horae Henry, and out of a mare sired by Messen-
ger. The next spring, Mr. Berry was in the city, and

33 CHANGE COUNTY

found that liis friend Genung had bought the mare
himself; and when he came to see her, he liked her so
well that he did not hesitate a moment in making her
his own. This was in the spring of eighteen hundred
and thirty-five, and Mr. Berry owned and lived on a
larcre and beautiful farm on Pomuton Plains, New
Jersey. At the time he bought this mare, she was a
beautiful bay animal, somewhat advanced in years,
sixteen hands high, with a stai* and snip in forehead,
and both hind feet white above the ankles — a smooth
and handsome mare, with a good set of limbs, but bad
feet. Mr. Genung was a bachelor, and boarded many
years in the family of Mr, Berry's brother, in the city,
but died soon after he sold this mare, and thus all
hopes of tracing her pedigree more definitely were
cut off.

That she was by Henry, and a Messenger mare,
there cannot be a shadow of doubt. Mr. Berry thinks
8he was a thoroughbred. Mr. Ira Coburn, of New
York, owned a horse called American Star. He was
a bay horse, with star in forehead, fifteen hands high,

STUD BOOK. 39

as round aa a rope, with a good set of limbs, pleasant
disposition, and could trot very fast ; but left no record,
as he was used afterwards only as a gentleman's road
horse. But, without getting ahead of Mr. BeiTy's
history, we must give it as we received it Irom him
This horse was sent by Mr. Coburn, in the spring of
eighteen hundred and thirty-five, to John Riker's
tavern, near Little Falls, Passaic County, New Jersey,
in charge of Nicholas Smalley, to serve a limited
number of mares. Mr. Berry bred this Henry mare,
but she failed to get in foal. The next season, Mr.
Coburn sent the horse to the same place, but in charge
of another groom, who neglected and treated him so
badly that Mr. Riker sent word to the owner that he
had better take him away. The advice was followed,
and the horse returned to New York. Very naturally,
Mr. Coburn became heartily disgusted with the stallion
business, and meeting Mr. Berry a few days afterwards
urged him to take the horse home with him, breed
him to as many mares as he liked, and then castrate
him — an operation, at that time, in the whole countiy.

40 ORANGE COUNTY

performed only by Mr. Berry. This was in eighteen
hundred and thirty-six, that Mr. Berry took the horse
with him, bred him to his Ilenry mare, then carried
out the iustruQtions of his owner. This mare proved
in foal, and dropped this colt in June, eighteen hun-
dred and thirty-seven, which became so famous in
Orange County, under the name of his sire, American
Star. Mr. Berry says he was disappointed with his
colt on its first appearance, both in color and size.
However, the colt received but little care or attention —
took it as he could catch it— hardly ever'under a shelter
until three years of age, when he was taken out of the
barnyard and broken to harness. There was nothing
handsome or stylish about him, but he had a great
deal of speed. Mr. Berry ran him a great many
quarter and half-mile races, and never had him beaten.
At five years of age he served mares at most any
price, and was driven to a butcher wagon. He then
began to show a fine trotting step. This was in
eighteen hundred and forty-two ; and the next season
he received about the same treatment, and could out-

STUD BOOK. 41

trot any horse in the whole country, and haul that
butch er-vy agon after him. Mr. Berry often made the
remark, that he had the most bottom and best game
of any horse he ever saw. In the si:)ring of eighteen
hundred and forty-four, he was fixed up a little, and
advertised to stand for mares at Kew Milford and
Warwick, Orange County, N. Y. ; to insure a mare in
foal for seven dollars ; pedigree given in full ; and war-
ranted to haul a wagon on the road a mile in three
minutes. From some cause he served but very few
mares — in Warwick, we think not any. In August of
the same season (eighteen hundred and forty-four),
Mr. Berry sold him to Mr. John Blauvelt, a silver-
smith in New York City, for three hundred and fifty
dollars, and a set of single harness. Mr. Blauvelt used
him for a road horse, and, as he says, the best he ever
rode behind, for pluck, bottom, and speed; but the
hard roads and hard drives soon showed the weak
points of his dam — his feet giving out, and quarter-
cracks making their appearance, he was sent up to
Mr. Berry, to be wintered and cured. The next

42 ORANGE COUNTY

spring he came out all right ; but Mr. Blauvelt, .
apprehending that again the same cause might, produce
the same effect, traded him off" to Cyrus Dubois, of
Ulster County, New York, for a grey gelding, at one
time owned by Sheriff Westbrook of that county.
Dubois had a partner, William Burr, a horseman, now
of Hoboken. What time Dubois owned him, we can-
not ascertain ; but he stood the horse a part of the time
in Orange County. Dubois traded him to Jas. Storm,
of Hudson, for a bay mare ; and after a few days,
Storm sold him to Walter Shafer, of Hillsdale, Colum-
bia County, New York ; who kept him one or two
seasons, then sold him to Edmond Seeley and Hiram
Smith, ol Goshen, for seven hundred and fifty dollars.
This was in the fall of eighteen hundred and forty-
nine, and in eighteen hundred and fifty he stood for
mares in Goshen, and served fifty-four mares and got
forty- five colts, at fifteen dollars per colt. One of
these colts we well remember. He was called the
Randall colt ; and, we are very credibly informed, will
make a season in this county this year, under the name

STUD BOOK. 48

of his sire, American Star, He has a fast record. In
eighteen hundred and fifty-one, he (old Star) made the
season in Goshen, at ten dollars to insure — served
eighty-seven mares, and got sixty-three colts. In
eighteen hundred and fifty-two, at the same place and
same price, served ninety-two mares and got sixty-two
colts. In eighteen hundred and fifty-three, same place
and same price, served forty-nine mares and got
thirty-five colts. That fall he was taken to Elmira,
Chemuug County, New York, and trotted a race
against Jupiter, It was a well-contested race, Star
winning the sixth heat and race, in 2.45. In eighteen
hundi-ed and fifty-four, the next spring, he was taken
back to Elmira and stood for mares, served twenty,
and got fifteen colts, at twenty dollars per colt. All
these colts were mare colts. A very large majority of
his get were mares, a fact often spokeir of by those
who knew. In eighteen hundred and fifty-five he
went to Piermont, Rockland County, and served fifty
^ares and got thirty-five colts, at twenty dollars. In
eighteen hundred and fifty-six he went to Mandata,

44 ORANGE COUNTY

Illinois, and served thirty mares and got twenty colts,
at twenty dollars. In eighteen hundred and fifty-seven
he again stood in Goshen, and served sixty-four mares
and got fifty-three colts, at twenty dollars. In eighteen
hundred and fifty-eight he made the season in Goshen,
served fifty-five mares, and got forty-five colts, at
twenty dollars. Up to this time the horse had been
owned by Edmond Seeley and Hiram Smith, but
principally under the control of Uncle Edmond, as we
all called him. In the fall or winter of eighteen
hundred and fifty-eight, Hiram Smith having found
some little fault with the care and treatment the old
horse was receiving. Uncle Edmond says, "Here is
five dollars, which I will give you to say what you will
give or take." The proposition was acceded to, and
Uncle Edmond became sole owner of the horse, very
unfortunately too, for him; for could Hiram Smith
have become sole owner of him, even at that time and
age, he would have been a source of great profit to
his owner, and would have received that care and
ntteiitioii that a horse of his as^e most needs; for it is

STUD BOOK, 45

% fact, none could equal Hiram Smith in nursing and
taking care of a horse. Another reason why he would
have been a source of profit is, the horse had just
began to be appreciated, and would, as we think, in
Hiram Smith's hands have served mares for five years,
and for three of those years would have been patro-
nized at the snug sum of five hundred dollars as the
price of service As it was, Edmond Seeley owned
him, and the horse soon began to manifest he had lost
a friend. Uncle Edmond, with all his good social
qualities, was a poor owner for a horse, and especially
for a horse of this horse's age. However, in the
spring of eighteen hundred and fifty-nine, American
Star stood for service at his owner's stable in Goshen,
at twenty-five dollars to insure, and served seventy-
one mares and got forty-three colts. In the spring of
eighteen hundred and sixty, he again stood in the
same stable ; but with all of Uncle Edmonds ingenuity
•^in digging pits for mares to stand in — he failed to
serve a quarter of the mares ofiered ; yet he got ten
colts at twenty-five dollai's. The same fall, Uncle

46 ORANGE COUNTY

Edmond gave hira away to Theodore Dusenberry, who
took him on the farm of Hudson Duryea, near Goshen,
where, out in a field, in February, eighteen hundred
and sixty-one, he died. His last set were foaled in
eighteen hundred and sixty-one : and we simply men-
tion this from the fact that many are ofiering to sell
Star Mares foaled in eighteen hundred and sixty-one.
And that none may be deceived, we will state that Uncle
Edmond owned and had a colt sii-ed by Star, called
" Sir Henry," who made the same season at the same
stable, but at a much less price for service. This may
be substantiated by any one calling on John Smith, in
Goshen, who holds the books of the ten years' service
under Uncle Edmond Seeley, and eight years of the
time his father Hiram Smith being a partner. Ameri-
can Star passed through many hands, was generally
neglected and ill treated ; trotted in his day, many
races, principally on the road or ice, consequently left
no very fast record. No horse ever lived that more
certainly stamped upon his offspring his own charac-
teristics oi gait, disposition 2iX\di boiiom, than did American

STUD BOOK. 47

Star. Of his get, you will find a large percentage
mares; and many of thera may be found on the
breeding farms of Orange County, highly appreciated
by their owners ; and well may be, for they are the
mothers of the fastest trotters in the world.

Of his horse colts but a few were kept as stallions.
The Randall colt, as he was called, and we have before
spoken of, was foaled in eighteen hundred and fifty-
one, is a trotter, and a getter of trotters. Magnolia,
Sir Henry, and Monitor, all good staUtons by Star, have
been taken out of the county.

48 OSANGE COUNTr

BREEDING

MANAGEMENT OF COLTS.

BREEDING.

That a proper knowledge of the laws of breeding is
a matter of primary and vast importance, is a gene-
rally admitted fact, and requires no argument to
prove, as it is only by this means we can maintain tho
present qualities of our improved breeds, and prevent
the race from degpuftratinsr- and correct and improve
their imperfections. And it is equally true that there
are many eiToneous views entertained and practiced
by many of our farmers. No person should attempt
breeding, particularly the horse, without first making
it a matter of investigation, patient study, and inquiry.
The first axiom we would lay down, says Youatt, is.

STUD BOOK. 49

that like will produce like, that the progeny will
inherit the general or mingled qualities of the parents.
There are but few diseases by which either of the
parents are affected that the foal does not inherit or
show a predisposition to. Broken wind, spavins, ring-
bones, founders, blindness, roaring and the like, are
transmissible, there can be no question, not excepting
ill-usage and hard work. These blemishes may not
appear in the immediate progeny, but will in the next
or more distant generation. From this arises the
necessity of some knowledge of both the sire and the
dam. The most careless breeders have observed
qualities appearing in their stock that belonged to
neither sire nor dam, but which belonged to their
ancestry further back ; such as vicious temper, some
peculiar mark, white face or feet. Not only are dis-
eases inherited by the offspring, but the form, spirit,
constitution, and temper. *This maxim, however,
that "like begets like," is only true in part, as there
is a constant tendency to change, arising from differ-

•D. J. Bowne, in Patent Office Official Eeport, 1864.
D

fiO ORANGE COUNTY

ence in food. Change of climate, or other physical
conditions to which they might be exposed, might
naturally be expected to produce considerable corre-
sponding modifications in the form, size, color, and
coating of animals; as it is well known "that cattle
generally become very large and fat when reared for
many generations on moist, rich soils, where good
pasturage abounds, but are distinguished by the short-
ness of their legs; while on drier situations, where
the herbage is sparse, their whole bulk is less, and
their limbs more muscular and strong, A country of
heaths, or of other innutritions plants, will not produce
a horse so large nor so strong as one of plentiful
herbage, as is manifested between those reared on
bleak mountains and fertile plains, high latitudes and
more temperate climes, sandy deserts and watered
vales. A change of situation in the one case, after a
succession of generations, not only diminishes the size
of the animal, but afiects the character and form of his
body, head, and limbs. Thus, if a London dray horse
be conveyed to Arabia, and subjected to the same

STUD BOOK. 61

inflnences to which the native breed of that country is
exposed, in the course of some generations he will
present the leading characters of the Arabian horse.
On the contrary, if the race thus changed be conveyed
again to England, in the course of several generations
it will gradually acquire the properties it formerly
possessed. This fact would seem to prove that the
Arabian horse cannot exist in perfection in any of the
northern or western countries of Europe; and that the
humidity of the climate, and the influence indirectly
arising from that cause, are the principal reasons of
this change. Similar instances might be given in
reference to the changes which have been observed in
the sheep, the goat, and the hog. The former, when
subjected to the climate of the West Indies, from
Thibet, Spain, or Vermont, where their fleeces are
fine, delicate, and soft, after a few years, are entirely
covered with rough, coarse hair, resembling that of
the goat

Breeding should be conducted with some definite
object in view. There is no greater error than the

52 ORANGE COUNTY

common remark of some farmers, of some wretched,
under-sized, ewe-necked, cat-hammer wreck of a mare,
i)roken- winded, ring-boned, and spavined, " Oh, she
will do to raise a colt out of!" She will do ! but what
will the colt be? It will not be worth the mare'a
grass, let alone the price of the stallion's service. But.
it is a good feature that there is a growing anxiety
among farmers to raise valuable stock. This is attribu-
table to the fact, that it is not only as cheap to keep a
good horse as a bad one, but in reality it is much
cheaper. The prime cost is the only difference to be
considered ;. the cost of stable-room, keep and care, is
identical ; while the wear and tear is infinitely less in
the sound, able, useful animal, than in the broken jade.
The work w^hich can be done, and the value earned by
the one, is in no possible relation to that of the other.
The horse bought at the age of four years at three
hundred dollars, when he has attained the age of eight,
is worth twice the money, either for work or for sale,
to the horse that was bought for a third of that price,
when he has attained the same age.

STUD BOOK. 53

What is called breed in horses, coDsists in the
enperior organization of the nervous and thoracic
organs, as compared with the abdominal ; the chest is
deeper and more capacious ; and the brain and nerves
more highly developed, - more air is respired, more
blood purified, more nervous energy expended. Whilst
the heavy cart-horse may be considered to possess the
lymphatic temperament, the blood horse may be
regarded as the emblem of the nervous and sanguine
temperament combined ; the latter, however, predomi-
nating. When the nervous temperament has the
ascendance, the animal will carry but little flesh, but
will go till he drops, never seeming to tire. He will,
however, take too much out of himself, become
thinner, and is what is called a hot horse. When the
sanguine temperament greatly prevails, the horse will
have great muscular powers, but not much inclination
to put them to the stretch. When the lymphatic
temperament has superior influence, the animal,
though looking fresh and fat, and starting well at first,
will soon flag and knock up, and will rather endure

54 ORAKGi: COUNTY

the lash than make an extra exertion. It is the happy
combination of these three temperaments that make a
perfect horse, when severe exertion is demanded. The
full development of the abdominal organs is essential,
inasmuch as it is through the food that both the mus-
cular system and the nervous energy is furnished If
the digestion is weak, the other powers will be in
efficiently supplied. The sanguineous organs are
needed to furnish the muscular powers, and the
nerv^ous system is demanded to furnish the muscles
with the requisite energy and capability of endurance.
What is called lottom in the horse, is neither more nor
less than the abundant supply of nervous energy, the
muscles being at the same time well developed.

There are two errors coinmonly committed by per-
sons selecting animals from which to breed. Some
pay too much attention to pedigree, and too little to
form, spirit, etc. The correct theory is, though form
and character is of primary importance, the blood
should never be neglected. The great point to be
aimed at in a horse for all work, is the combination in

STUD BOOK. 65

the same animal, of maximum of speed, compatible
with sufficient size, bone, strength, and solid power,
to carry heavy weights, draw large loads, and to secure
to the stock the probability of not inheriting deformity
or disease from either parent. Breed as much as pos-
sible with pure blood, of the right kind ; and breed
what is technically called, up, not down — that is to say,
by breeding the mare to a male of superior, not inferior
blood to herself; except where it is desii'ed to breed
like to like, as Morgan to Morgan, for the purpose of
perpetuating a pure stream of any particular variety
which is needful. A half-breed mare should never be
put to a half-breed stallion, as, in that case, the pro-
duct in nine cases out of ten degenerates below the
dam ; whereas, if she be bred to a thorough-bred
stallion, the product will be superior. And the error
is, to breed from mares that have become noted for
their speed. Some persons will pick up some long-
legged, rangy, broken down trotting mare, which
could, perhaps, trot her mile in 2.30, thinking to pro-
duce something very fine. Nothing can be more ill-

56 ORANGE COUNTT

juclgred, as in the majority of instances it is sure to end
in disappointment. A mare, with all the best blood in
her veins, but without good shape and good points,
is not fit for breeding purposes.

And the great and common error in breeding, is to
cross a compact dam with a large sire — the object
being to increase the size of the oflfspring above that
of the dam — the result is almost sure to end in disap-
pointment. This has been attempted in England, and
has proved a failure. The rule deduced from experi-
ence is, the dam must be as large or larger than the
fiire. This is a historical fact The history of breeding
shows, that to improve a breed, we must select the
best-formed, largest mares, and cross them with
medium-sized, compact, muscular stallions.

Size is not the measure of power. Some horses that
weigh 900 lbs. will exceed in strength and endurance
others of 1,200 lbs., or more ; and of those horses that
have distinguished themselves as trotters, a large ma-
jority have been of medium size. Shortness of legs,
with compactness of form, is indispensable to great

STUD BOOK. 57

endurance. The size of the muscles of a horse, other
things being equal, determines his power. In selecting
a stallion, aim to get one that excels in the ppint that
the mare is deficient in and you wish to avoid in the
offspring. Let him exhibit courage and endurance,
rather than speed. No one stallion is best adapted to
all mares ; determine, with a matured judgment, which
class of animals your mare is best calculated to produce,
whether a roadster, <;oach horse, or draught animal,
and having determined this, use a stallion best cal-
culated to produce the thing reasonably expected,
bearing in mind the rule, that "Like will produce
like." Breeding, to be successful, must be a matter of
study. One point, says Youatt, is absolutely essential,
it is "compactness" — as much goodness and strength
as possible condensed into a little space.

Next to compactness, the inclination of the shoulder
will be regarded. A huge stallion, with upright
shoulders, never got a capital hunter or hackney.
From him the breeder can obtain nothing but a cart
or dray horse, and that, perhaps, spoiled by the

58 ORANGE COUNTY

opposite form of the mare. On the other hand, an
upright shoulder is desirable, if not absolutely neces-
sary, when a mere slow draught-horse is required.

The condition of the stallion is too often overlooked
by the most of our farmers. By condition is not
meant a high state of fatness, but, on the contrary, it
indicates the greatest health and strength, reducing
all superfluous fat, bringing the flesh into clear, hard,
and powerfuV muscles. Too many farmers are content
with the form and figure of a horse, without regard to
condition.

A remarkable case occurred in England, some years
since. George the IV. owned, and was in the habit of
riding as a hunter, a horse of unqualled excellence.
His Majesty caused a few of his mares to be bred to
him in the spring, after he had been kept in the
highest condition as a hunter throughout the winter,
and the produce, on growing up, proved every way
worthy of their sire. When His Majesty became
seriously engaged in the cares of Government, and
therefore relinquished the pleasures of the chase, being

STUD BOOK. 59

desirous to perpetuate the fine qualities of this stock,
he ordered the horse to be kept at Windsor for public
covering, provided the mares should be of the first
quality ; and in order to insure a sufficient number of
these, directed the head groom to keep him exclu-
sively for such, and to make no charge, with the
exception of the customary groom's fee, of half a
guinea each. The groom, anxious to pocket as many
half guineas as possible, published His Majesty's liber-
ality, and vaunted the qualities of the horse, in order
to persuade all he could to avail themselves of the
benefit. The result was, the horse being kept without
his accustomed exercise and in a state of repletion,
and serving upwaids of a hundred mares yearly, the
stock, although tolerably promising in their early age,
shot up into lank, weakly, awkward, leggy, good-for-
nothing creatures, to the entire ruin of the horse's
character as a sire ; until some gentlemen, aware of
the cause, took pains to explain it, proving the cor-
rectness of their statements by reference to the first
of the horse's get, produced under a proper system of

60 OEANGE COUNTT

breeding, and which were then in their prime, and
among the best horses in England.

" In selecting a mare," says Youatt, " it is, perhaps,
more difficult to select a good mare to breed from than
a good horse, because she should possess somewhat
opposite qualities. Her carcass should be long, in
order to give room for the growth of the foetus, and
yet with this there should be compactness of form and
shortness of leg. In frame, the mare should be sa
formed as to be capable of carrying and well nourish-
ing her offspring ; that is, she should be what is called
* roomy.' There is a formation of the hips which is
particularly unfit for breeding purposes, and yet which
is sometimes carefully selected, because it is considered
elegant; this is the level and straight hip, in which
the tail is set on very high, and the end of the haunch
bone is nearly on a level with the projection of the hip
bone. Nearly the opposite form is the more desirable.
She requires such a shape and make as is well adapted
for the purpose she is intended for," that is to say, for
producing colts of the style and form she is intended

STUD BOOK. 61

to produce. We will add, that she must have four
good legs under her, and those legs standing as a
foundation on four good, well-shaped, large feet, open-
heeled, and by no means flat soled. That she should
have a good, lean, bony head, small cased, broad
fronted, well set on, upon a high, well carved neck,
thin at its junction with the head ; high withers, thin
shoulders, and above all, long, sloping shoulders. A
straight shoulder is an abomination : it renders speed
impossible, and gives a rigid, inflexible motion, often
producing the bad fault of stumbling. She should be
wide-chested, and deep in the heart-place. Her
quarters should be strong, well let down, long and
sickle shaped above the hocks. It is better that she
go with her hocks somewhat too wide apart than too
near together — the former point indicating power, the
latter, weakness, of a bad kind. It has been shown
that a breed mare may — nay, shouhl be considerable
longer in the back than one would choose a working
horse to be ; but if she be particularly so, it is desir-
able to put her to a particularly short-backed and close-

62 ORANGE COUNTY

coupled horse. The next thing to be observed by tbe
horse-breeder, in raising stock of any kind, after the
blood and form of the mare and the qualities of the stal-
lion, is the temper and condition of the dam. The former,
because nothing is more decidedly transmissible in the
blood than temper ; the second, because, unless she is
in good health and vigor, it is impossible that she can
produce vigorous and healthy oflspring.

The first time a mare is to be covered, it is of the
utmost importance that the stallion should be the best
that can be procured, as instances have been known
where the stallion, having possessed some striking
points, the colts of the mare have shown those points
for several colts after, though a different stallion was
used.

Under no possible circumstances breed from a stal-
lion which has any affection of any kind of the respi-
ratory organs, whether seated in the lungs or in the
windpipe ; or from one which has any :iffection of the
eyes, unless it be the direct result of an accident, such
as a blow, or a puncture, nor even then if the accident,

STUD BOOK ()3

having occurred to one eye, the other has sympatheti-
cally followed suit ; and, on the other side, we should
say, on no account breed from a mare affected in either
way, unless she be possessed of some excellencies so
extraordinary and countervailing, that, for the sake of
preserving the stock, one would be willing to run some
risk of having a worthless animal for his own use, in
the hope of possibly having one free from the dreaded
defect and of superlative excellence.

Previous to sending the mare to the horse, she
should be got into the most perfect state of health and
condition, by moderate exercise, abundance of good,
nutritous food, and warm stabling. It is not desirable
that she should be in a pampered state, produced by
hot stables or extraordinary clothing ; that she should
have the short, fine coat, or the blooming and glowing
condition of the skin, for which one would look in a
race-horse about to contend for a four-mile heat — not
that she should be in that wiry form of sinew and'
steel -like hardiness of muscle, which is only the result
of training. Still less desirable is it she should be

€4 ORANGE COUNTT

overloaded with fat, especially that soft fat generated
by artificial feeding.

The temper is of great importance, by which must
be understood, not that gentleness at grass, which may
lead the breeder's family to pet the mare, but such a
temper as will serve for the purpose of the rider, and
will answer to the stimulus of the voice, whip, or spur.
A craven or a rogue is not to be thought of as the
mother of a family; and if a mare belong to a breed
which is remarkable for refusing to answer to the call
of the rider, she should be consigned to any task rather
than the stud farm. Sulkiness and savageness are
likewise to be avoided, whether in stallion or mare.
From the time of covering, to within a few days of
the expected period of foaling, the cart-mare may be
kept at moderate labor, not only without injury, but
with decided advantage. It will then be prudent to
release her from work, and keep her near home, and
under the frequent inspection of some careful person.
When nearly half the time of pregnancy has elapsed,
the mare should have a little better food. She should

STUD BOOK. 65

be allowed one or two feeds of grain in the day. This
is about the period when they are accustomed to slink
their foals, or when abortion occurs ; the eye of the
owner should, therefore, be frequently upon them.
Good feeding and moderate exercise will be the best
preventives of this mishap. The mare that has once
aborted is liable to a repetition of the accident, and,
therefore, should never be suffered to be with other
mares between the fourth and fifth months ; for such
is the power of imagination or of sympathy in the
mare, that if one suffers abortion, others in the same
pasture will too often share the same fate. Farmers
wash, and paint, and tar their stables, to prevent some
supposed infection: the infection lies in the imagi-
nation.

When the period of parturition is drawing near, she
should be watched and shut up during the night in a
safe yard, or loose box.

If the mare, whether of the pure or common breed,
be thus taken care of, and be in good health while in
foal, little danger will attend the act of parturition. If

E

66 ORANGE COUNTY

there is false presentation of the foetus, or difficulty
in. producing it, it will be better to have recourse to a
well-informed practitioner, than to injure the mother
by the violent and injurious attempts that are often
made to relieve her.

The parturition being over, the mare should be
turned into some well- sheltered pasture, with a hovel
or shed to run into when she pleases : and if she has
foaled early, and grass is scanty, she should have a
couple of feeds of grain daily. The breeder may
depend upon it that nothing is gained by starving the
mother and stinting the foal at this time It is the
most important period of the life of the horse ; and if,
from false economy, his growth is arrested, his puny
form and want of endurance will ever afterwards
testify the error that has been committed. The grain
should be given in a trough on the ground, that the
foal may partake of it with the mother. When the
new grass is plentiful, the quantity of feed may
gradually be dimin'shed.

The mare will usually be found again at heat at or

STUD BOOK. 67

before the expiration of nine days from the time of
foaling, when, if she is principally kept for breeding
purposes, she may be again put to the horse, At the
same time, also, if she is used for agricultural iDurposes,
she may go again to work. The foal is at first shut in
the stable during the hours of work ; but as soon as it
acquires sufficient strength to toddle after the mare,
and especially when she is at slow work, it will be
better for the foal and the dam that Ibey should be
together. The work will contribute to the health of the
mother; the foal will more frequently draw the milk,
and thrive better, and will be hardy and tractable, and
gradually familiarized with the objects among which it
is afterwards to live. While the mother, however, is
thus worked, she and the foal should be well fed; and
two feeds of oats at least, should be added to the
green food which they get when turned out after their
work, and at night.

68 ORANGE COUNTY

THE VICES

DISAGREEABLE OR DANGEROUS HABITS
OF THE HORSE.

The horse has many excellent qualities; but he ha?
likewise, defects, and these often amount to vices.
Some are attributable to natural disposition, but tht
majority are attributable to bad education and wron^
management.

BITING.

This is either the consequence of natural ferocity, or
a habit acquired from the foolish and teasing play ol
gi-ooms and stable boys. Prevention, however, is in
the power of every proprietor of horses. While he
insists on gentle and humane treatment of cattle, he
should systematically forbid this horse-play.

STUD BOOK. 69

It is seldom that anything can be done in the way
of cure. Kindness will aggravate the evil, and no
degree of severity will correct it. " I have seen," says
Professor Stewart, "biters punished until they tremble
in every joint, and were ready to drop, but have never,
in any case, known them cured by this treatment, or
by any other. The lash is forgotten in an hour, and
the horse is as ready and determined to repeat the
offence as before. He appears unable to resist the
temptation ; and, in its worst form, biting is a species
of insanity."

Constant and laborious work is often beneficial.
Some horses may be over-awed by being very bold.
He may be warned by speaking to him. On approach-
ing a horse, hold a whip in his view, ready to let it
fall. If you can get hold of his head you are safe; he
may then be muzzled, or his head tied to the manger —
a long rope may be fastened to the halter, and run
through a ring at the head of the stall, and proceed
backward to the heel-post ; this enables a man to draw
the head close up to the ring, and keep it there till the

70 OKANGE COUNTY

grain or water is delivered, and till the horse can be
bridled, muzzled, harnessed, or dressed, as the case
nifiy be. He is, of course, to be released after you
leave the stall, but the rope remains in place ready for
use.

If you can obtain something that is exceedingly
disagreeable to the taste of a horse — some bitter herb
— saturate a piece ol cloth, and wind it around a stick
for him to bite ; it will often, in connection with kind
treatment, have a tendency to break him. A single
short cut across the mouth on the instant will some-
times do good.

KICKING.

This, as a vice, is another consequence of the cul-
pable habit of teasing the horse. There is no cure for
this vice when it is inveterately established, and he
cannot be justified who keeps a kicking horse in his
stable. He is never safe, or relied on as being safe.
It is foremost in the point of danger, and no treatment
will always conquer. An awkward man is always
sure to receive injury from a confirmed kicker, and a

STUD BOOK. 71

timid man is never safe. Before the habit is estab-
lished, a ihorn-bush fastened against the partition or
post will sometimes effect a cure.

A chain about 20 inches long, strapped in the centre
to the horse's foot, is the most effectual remedy known
to us.

Kicking in harness is a serious vice. Some horses,
by the least annoyance about the rump or quarters,
or if the reins get under their tail, they will kick at a
most violent rate, endangering everything within their
reach. This may be cured by looping up his fore-leg,
and teaching him, by several lessons, to draw and
walk on three legs ; in this position he cannot kick,
and in a short time his leg can be taken down, and his
propensity for kicking will be found to have subsided ;
if not, repeat until he is entirely cured. Do not put
him in harness the first time his leg is looped up, but
first teach him to walk on three legs, without support,
out of the harness. Or put on a headstall or bridle,
with twisted W, or twisted straight bit, in the mouth
of the horse to be cured ; then put on a common back-

72 ORANGE COUNTY

saddle, with thill lugs, or any strap or girth with loops
on either side of the horse, is equally good ; then
buckle a pair of long reins, open in the middle, into
the bit, and pass them through the thill lugs or
loops, one to each hind leg, above the fetlock joint ;
there make each rein fast to the leg, allowing sufficient
length of rein for your horse to walk or trot, as the
operator may think proper. Everything complete,
you will have the animal commence the operation of
kicking ; the first will be a smart kick, and the second
lighter, and so on, till your horse cannot be made to
kick any more.

Or the following : Take a forked stick, about two
feet long, varying a little according to the size of the
horse, tie the ends of the fork firmly to each end of
the bridle bit, and the other end of the stick 'to the
lower end of the collar, so as to keep the head up, A
few days, working in this manner, will commonly
suffice for a cure. The man, however, who must come
within reach of a kicker, should come as close to him

STUD BOOK. 73

as possible. The blow may thus become a push, and
seldom is injurious.

RUNNING AWAY.

The only method which affords any probability of
success, is to have him always firmly in hand ; and, if
he will run away, and the place will admit of it, to
give him (sparing neither curb, whip, nor spur,) a great
deal more running than he likes. If you wish to stop
the horse, if on horseback throw your bridle reins
around his neck, if possible, to choke him, or choke
him with your arm. If in a wagon, and running away
is feared, provide a strong cord with a slipping-noose
placed around his neck; il he runs, draw the cord
forcibly.

CRIB-BITING.

The causes of crib-biting are various. It is often
the result of imitation, idleness, and sometimes by
partial starvation. The high fed and spirited horse
must be mischievous, if not usefully employed. The
crib-biting horse is more subject to colic than other

74 OKANGE COUNTY

horses, and to a species difficult of treatment and fre-
quently dangerous. This is a bad habit, and very
annoying to the owner of a horse. Various remedies
have been tried, such as ironing the manger, par-
titions, etc. I know of no certain cure but an iron
muzzle, with bars just wide enough apart to allow the
horse to pick up his grain and draw out his hay with
his tongue, but not to get hold of anything with his
teeth. Common bar soap is a preventive, which is to
be rubbed on the edge and outside of the crib, and
renewed as often as necessary. If this habit is not
broken, it will soon be imitated by every horse in the
stable.

WIND-SUCKING.

This bears a close analogy to crib-biting. It arises
from the same causes, the same purpose is accom-
plished, and the same results follow. The horse stands
with his neck bent, his lips alternately a little opened
and then closed, and a noise is heard as if he were
sucking. If we may judge from the same comparative

STUD BOOK. 75

want of condition and the flatulence which we have
described under the last head, either some portion of
wind enters the stomach, or there is an injurious loss
of saliva. This diminishes the value of the horse
almost as much as crib-biting ; it is as contageous, and
it is as inveterate. The only remedies — and they will
seldom avail — are tying the head up except when the
horse is feeding, or putting on a muzzle with sharp
spikes towards the neck, and which will prick him
wherever he attempts to rein his hf-ad in for the
purpose of wind-sucking. — Touatt.

CUTTING.

There are some defects in the natm-al form of the
horse, which are the causes of cutting, and which no
contrivance will remedy ; as, when the legs are placed
too near to each other, or when the feet are turned
inward or outward. Some horses will cut only when
they are fatigued or lame, and old ; many colts will
cut before they arrive at their full strength. The in-
side of the fetlock is often bruised by the shoe or the

76 ORANGE COUNTY

hoof of the opposite foot. Many expedients have been
tried to remove this : the inside heel has been raised
and lowered, and the outside raised and lo^yered ; and
sometimes one operation has succeeded, and some-
times the contrary ; and there was no point so
involved in obscurity, or so destitute of principles to
guide the practitioner. The most successful remedy,
and that which, in the great majority of cases super-
sedes all others, is a shoe of equal thickness from heel
to toe, and having but one nail, and that near the toe-
on the inside of the shoe ; care being taken that the
shoe shall not extend beyond the edge of the crust,,
and that the crust shall be rasped a little at the
quarters.

NOT LYING DOWN.

It not uncommonly happens that ahorse will seldom
or never lie down in the stable. He sometimes con-
tinues in apparent good health, and feeds and works
well; but genen»lly his legs swell, or he becomes
fatigued sooner than another horse. They perhaps are

STUD BOOK, 77

afraid of being caught by the halter, or they have
ah'eady been cast in the night, and do not like to try it
again. Such horses should be let loose in a stable at
night, or in a large stall without being tied, and fur-
nished with a tempting bed, until the habit of lying
down is acquired.

TO PREVENT ROLLING IN THE STALL.

This is a very dangerous habit, and can be prevented
only by tying the horse so that he can lie down, but
not touch his head to the floor. This is very tires ome
to the horse, and hence, if you care enough for his
comfort and health, build a narrow platform, eighteen
to twenty-four inches in width, slanting at an angle of
thirty to forty degi ees, so that it will form a pillow for
his head and neck ; then adjust a rope so that, as he
lies down, his head will naturally rest on the platform
or pillow. He will not roll unless he can get his head
as low as the iloor of the stable.

78 OEANGE COUNTY

OYER-REACHING OR CLINKING.

An over-reach is a tread upon the heel of the
coronet of the fore foot by the shoe of the correspond-
ing hind foot, and is either inflicted by the toe, or by
the inner edge of the inside of the shoe,

A writer in the N. E. Farmer, who is a blacksmith,
cures overreaching horses, and increases theii* trotting
speed fifteen or twenty seconds per mile, by the fol-
lowing mode of shoeing, which increases the motion
of the forward feet, and retards the motion of the hind
ones. He makes the toe- caulks very low, standing a
very little under, and the shoes set as far backward as
convenient on the forward feet, with high heel-caulks,
so as to let them roll over as soon as possible. On
the hind feet, the heel-caulk is low and the toe-caulk
high and projecting forward. Horses shod thus, travel
clean, with no click.

PAWING.

Some hot and irritable horses are restless, even in
the stable, and paw frequently and violently. Shackles

STUD BOOK. 7^

are the only remedy, with a chain sufficiently long to
enable the horse to shift his position ; but they must
be taken off at night to enable the horse to lie down.
— Youatt.

SLIPPING THE HALTER.

This is a trick at which many horses are so clever,
that scarcely a night passes without their getting:
loose. It is a very serious habit, for it enables the
horse sometimes to gorge himself with food, to the
imminent danger of staggers ; or it exposes him, as he
wanders about, to be kicked and injured by the other
l^orses; while his restlessness will often keep the
whole team awake. If the web of the halter, being
first accurately fitted to his neck, is suffered to slip only
one way, or a strap is attached to the halter and
buckled round the neck, but not sufficiently tight to
be of serious inconvenience, the power of slipping the
halter will be taken away. — Youatt.

80 ORANGE COUNTY

TRIPPING

He must be a skillful practitioner, or a mere pre-
tender, who promises to remedy this habit. If it
arises from a heavy fore-hand, and the fore-legs being
too much under the horse, no one can alter the natural
frame of the animal ; if it proceeds from tenderness of
the foot, grogginess, or old lameness, the ailments are
seldom cured. Also, if it is to be traced to habitual
carelessness and idleness, no whipping will rouse the
di'one. A known stumbler should never be ridden or
driven by any one who values his safety or his life. A
tight hand or a strong bearing-rein are precautions
that should not be neglected.

If the stumbler has the foot kept as short, and the
toe pared as close as safety will permit, and the shoe
is rounded at the toe, or has that shape given to it
which it naturally acquires in a fortnight from the
peculiar action of such a horse, the animal may not
stumble quite so much ; or if the disease which pro-
duced the habit can be alleviated, some trifling good
may be done ; but, in almost every case, a stumbler

«TUD BOOK- 81

fihould be got rid of, or put to slow and heavy work.
-^Touatt.

PULLING AT THE HALTER.

The following is an effectual method of preventing
and curing a horse from pulling at the halter. It
should not be applied in a stable unless the animal is
watched, as he may throw himself and receive injury :

Put a strong strap or rope around the neck, and

another with a ring in it around the pastern of one of

the hind feet, and attach a strong rope to the ring, and

pass it under a firm strap or cirsingle, buckled loosely

around the girth, just back of the shoulder. Continue

the rope between the fore legs and through a hole or

ring in the manger, or post, where the horse will pull,

and then tie it to the strap around the neck, then let

him pull " to his heart's content." A few such trials

will most likely subdue him. The harder he pulls back

the harder his hind foot is pulled forward, and the

experimenter will be surprised to see how little the

liorse can do — he will not be likely to even get bis

hind foot off the ground.
p

ORANGE COUKTT

OPERATIONS, ETC., ETC,

SETONS.

Setons are useful in various cases in abscesses, ^iith
as occur in poll evil. In deep fistulous wounds fhf 7
are indispensable. They promote discharge ik the
neighborhood of an inflammation. They are made of
tow and horse- hair, braided together ; or a small cord
or a strap of leather may be used. They are inserted
by means of an instrument resembling a large needle,
either through abscesses, or the base of ulcers with
deep sinuses, or between the skin and the muscular or
other substances beneath. They are retained there by
the ends being tied together, or by a knot at each end.
The tape is moved in the wound twice or thrice in the
day, and occasionally wetted with spirits of turpen-

STUD BOOK. 83^

tine, or some acrid fluid, in order to increase the
inflammation which it produces, or the discharge which
is intended to be established.

In inflammation of the chest or intestines, a rowel is
preferable to a seton, where the inflammation has long
continued, but not intense. Rowels will be service-
able by producing an irritation and discharge. The
action of rowels is slower than setous or blistering,

CASTRATION.

Youatt says : " For the common agricultural horse,
the age of four or five months will be the most proper
time, or, at least, before he is weaned. Few horses
are lost when cut at that age.

" If the horse is designed either for the carriage, or
for heavy di-aught, the farmer should not think of
castrating him until he is at least a twelvemonth old;
and even then the colt should be carefully examined.
K he is thin and spare about the neck and shoulders,
and low in the withers, he will materially improve by
remaining uncut another six months ; but if his fore-

84 OEANGE COUNTY

quarters are fairly developed at the age of twelve
months, the operation should not be delayed, lest he
become heavy and gross before, and perhaps has begun
too decidedly to have a will of his own.

"No preparation is necessary for the sucking colt,
but it may be prudent to bleed and to physic one of
more advanced age. In temperate weather he will do
much better running in the field than nursed in a close
and hot stable. The moderate exercise that he will
take in grazing will be preferable to perfect inaction.

" The old method of opening the scrotum (testicle
bag) on either side, and cutting off the testicles, and
preventing bleeding by a temporary compression of
the vessels while they are seared with a hot iron, must
not, perhaps, be abandoned.

" Another method of castration is by Torsion. An
incision is made into the scrotum, and the vas difereiis
is exposed and divided. The artery is then seized by
a pair of forceps, contrived for the purpose, and twisted
six or seven times round. It retracts without untwist-
ing the coils, and bleeding ceases. The most painful

STUD BOOK. 85

part of the operation — the operation of the firing-iron
or t^^e clams — is avoided, and the wound readily heals."

BLEEDING.

■niis operation is performed with a fleam or a lancet.
Tl J first is the common instrument, except in skillful
hrads. The lancet, however, has a more surgical
aj pearance, and will be adopted by the veterinary
p; ictitioner. A bloodstick is used to strike the fleam
in [O the vein. This is sometimes done with too great
v'olence, and the opposite side of the coat of the vein
k wounded. Bad cases of inflammation have resulted
from this. If the fist is doubled, and the fleam ia
sharp, and is struck with suflieient force with the
lower part of the hand, the bloodstick may be dispensed
with.

For general bleeding the jugular vein is selected.
The horse is blindfolded on the side on. which he is to
be bled, or his head turned well away. The hair is
smoothed along the course of the vein with the
moistened finger ; then, with the third and little finger

86 ORANGE COUNTY

of the left han'l, which holds the fleam, pressure is
made on the vein sufficient to bring it fairly into view,
but not to swell it too much, for, then presenting a
rounded surface, it would be apt to roll or slip under
the blow. The point to be selected is about two
inches below the union of the two portions of the
jugular at the angle of the jaw. The fleam is to be
placed in a direct line with the course of the vein, and
over the precise centre of the vein, as close to it as
possible, but its point not absolutely touching the
vein. A sharp rap with the hand on that part of the
back of the fleam immediately over the blade will cut
through the vein, and the blood will flow. A fleam
with a large blade should always be preferred. A
quantity of blood drawn speedily will also have far
more efiect on the system than double the weight
slowly taken, while the wound will heal just as readily
as if made by a smaller instrument. A slight pressure,
if the incision has been large enough and straight, and
in the middle ot the vein, will cause the blood to flow
Bulliciently fast ; or, the finger being introduced into

STCD BOOK. 87

the mouth between the tushes and the grinders, and
gently moved about, will keep the mouth in motion,
and hasten the rapidity of the stream by the action
and pressure of the neighboring muscles

When sufficient blood has been taken, the edges of
the wound should be brought closely and exactly
together, and kept together by a small, sharp pin being
passed through them. Round this a little tow should
be wrapped, so as to cover the whole of the incision ;
and the head of the horse should be tied up for several
hours to prevent his rubbing the part against the
manger. In bringing the edges of the wound together
and introducing the pin, care should be taken not to
draw the skin too much from the neck, othei'wise
blood will insinuate itself between it and the muscles
beneath, and cause an unsightly and sometimes
troublesome swelling.

The blood should be received into a vessel, the
dimensions of which are exactly known, so that the
operator may be able to calculate at every period of the
bleeding the quantity that is extracted. Care, like-

88 ORANGE COUNIT

wise, should be taken that the blood flows in a regular
stream into the centre of the vessel, for if it is suffered
to trickle down the sides it will not afterwards under-
go those changes by which we partially judge of the
extent of inflammation. The pulse, however, and the
symptoms of the case collectively, will form a better
criterion than any change in the blood. Twenty-four
hours after the operation the edges of the wound will
have united, and the pin should be withdrawn. When
the bleeding is to be repeated, if more than three or
four hours have elapsed, it will be better to make a
fresh incision rather than to open the old wound.

In local inflammation, blood may be taken from any
of the superficial veins. In supposed affection of the
shoulder, or of the fore-leg or foot, the plate vein,
which comes from the inside of the arm, and runs up-
wards directly in front of it towards the jugular, may
be opened. In affections of the hind extremity, blood
is sometimes extracted from the saphcena, or thigh-vein,
which runs across the inside of the thigh. In foot
cases it may be taken fl-om the coronet, or, much more

STUD BOOK. 89

safely, from the toe ; not by cutting out a piece of the
sole at the toe of the frog — which sometimes causes a
wound difficult to heal, and followed by lestering and
even by canker — but cutting down with a fine drawing-
knife, called a searcher, at the union between the
crust and the sole at the very toe until the blood
flows, and, if necessary, encouraging its discharge by
dipping the foot in warm water. The mesh- work of
both arteries and veins will be here divided, and blood
is generally obtained in any quantity that may be
needed. The bleeding may be stopped with the
greatest ease, by placing a bit of tow in the little
gi'oove that has been cut, and tacking the shoe over
it.* — Touait.

•A great iraprovement has lately been introduced In tti3 method of
arresting arterial hermorrliage. The operation is very simple, and, with
common care, successful. The instrument is a pair of artery forceps, with
rather sharper teeth than the common forceps, and the blades held close
by a slide. The vecsel is laid bare, detached from tho cell-alar substance
around it, and the artery then grasped by the forceps, the instrument
deviating a very little from the line of the L;rtery. Tlie vessel is now
divided close to the forceps, and behind them, and the forceps are twisted
four or five times round. The forceps are then loosened, and, generally
■peaking, not more than a drop or two of blood will have been lost. This
meteod of arresting bleeding has been applied by several scientific and
benevolent men with almost constant success. It has been readily and
eflfectuaily practiced in docking, and patients have escaped much torture.

90 ORANGE COUNTY

THE PULSE.

The i)ulso is a very useful assistant to the veterinary
surgeon, whose patients cannot describe either the
seat or degree of ailment or pain. In a state of health
the heart beats in a horse about thirty-six times a
minute. This is said to be the standard pulse— the
pulse of health. Where it beats naturally there can
be little materially wrong. The most convenient
place to feel the pulse is at the lower jaw, a little
behind the spot where the sub-maxillary artery and
vein, and the parotid duct, come from under the jaw.
There the number of pulsations will be easily counted,
and the character of the pulse, a matter of fully equal
importance, will be clearly ascertained.

When the pulse reaches fifty or fifty-five, some
degree of fever may be apprehended, and proper pre-

and tetanus lost many a victim. The forceps have been introduced, and
with much success, in castration, and thus the principal danger of that
operation, as well as the most paiDful part of it, is removed. The colt will
be a fair subject for this experiment. On the sheep and the calf It may
be readily performed, and the operator will have the pleasing conscious-
ness of rescuing many a poor animal from the unnecessary infliction of
XortxiXQ.—Spooner.

STUD BOOK 91

eaution should be taken. Seventy or seventy-five will
indicate a dangerous state, and put the owner and the
surgeon a little on the alert. Few horses long survive
a pulse of one hundred, for, by this excessive action,
the energies of nature are speedily worn out. Some
things should be taken into account in forming our
<5onclusion of the pulse. Exercise, a warm stable, and
fear will wonderfully increase the number of pulsations.

If a quick pulse indicate kritation and fever, a slow
pulse will likewise characterize diseases of an opposite
description. It accompanies the sleepy stage of stag-
gers, and every malady connected with deficiency of
nervous energy.

The heart may be excited to more frequent and
more violent action. It may contract more power-
fully upon the blood, which will be driven with greater
force through the arteries, and the expansion of the
vessels will be greater and more sudden. Then we
have the hard pulse — the sure indicator of considerable
fever, and calling for the immediate and free use of
the lancet

92 ORANGE COUNTY

Sometimes the pulse may be hard and jerking, and
yet small. The stream, though forcible, is not great.
The practitioner knows that this indicates a dangerous
state of disease. It is an almost invariable accompani-
ment of inflammation of the bowels.

A weak pulse, when the arterial stream flows slowly,
is caused by the feeble action of the heart. It is the
reverse of fever, and expressive of debility.

The oppressed pulse is when the arteries seem to be
fully distended with blood. There is obstruction
somewhere, and the action of the heart can hardly
force the stream along, or communicate pulsation to
the current.

The state of the pulse should be carefully regarded
during bleeding. The most experienced practitioner
cannot tell what quantity of blood must be abstracted
in order to produce the desired efiect. The change of
the pulse can alone indicate when the object is accom^
plished; therefore, the operator should have his finger
on the artery during the act of breeding, and, compa-
ratively regardless of the quantity, continue to take

STUD BOOK. 93

blood until, in inflammation of the lungs, the oppressed
pulse becomes fuller and more distinct, or the strong
pulse of considerable fever is evidently softer, or the
xmimal exhibits symptoms of laintness.

It is important to distinguish between the pulse of
fever and that of inflammation. We may have a pulse
of the greatest rapidity, as in influenza, and yet no one
part of the body much inflamed. We have known the
pulse of the horse more than trijiled, and the animal
still recover ; and, on the other hand, in cases of in-
flammation, a pulse of sixty has betokened great
danger, and, in some cases, has been succeeded by
death.

CLYSTERS.

The principal art of administering a clyster consists
iu not frightening the horse. The pipe, well oiled,
should be very gently introduced, and the fluid not
too hastily thrown into the intestine, its heat being as
nearly as possible that of the intestine, or about 96^ of
Fahrenheit's thermometer.

94 OBANGE COUNTT

These are useful in hastening the evacuation of the
bowels when the disease requires their speedy action.

Two ounces of soft or yellow soap, dissolved in a
gallon of warm water, will form a useful aperient
clyster. For a more active aperient, half a pound of
Epsom salts, or even of common salt, may be dissolved
in the same quantity of water. A stronger injection,
but not to be used if much purgative medicine has
been previously given, may be composed of an ounce
of Barbadoes aloes, dissolved in two or three quarts of
warm water. If nothing else can be procured, warm
water may be employed.

In cases of over-purging, or inflammation of the
bowels, the injection must be of a soothing nature. It
may consist of gruel alone, or, if the purging is con-
siderable, and diflicult to stop, the gruel must be
thicker, and four ounces of prepared, or powdered
chalk, well mixed with or suspended in it, with two
scruples or a drachm of powdered opium.

No oil should enter into the composition of a

STUD BOOK. 95

clyster, except that linseed oil may be used for the
expulsion of ascarides, or needle worms

In epidemic catarrh, when the horse sometimes
obstinately refuses to eat or to drink, his strength may
be supported by nourishing clysters ; but they should
consist of thick gruel only, and not more than a quart
should be administered at once.

TRACHEOTOMY.

" This operation consists in making an opening into
the windpipe to admit air to the lungs, when the
natural passage is obstructed by foreign bodies, or
when its calibre is lessened by tumefaction occasioned
by disease. In severe cases of laiyngitis, strangles,
and their kindred diseases, when the patient seems
almost suffocated, tracheotomy should be immediately
performed. In performing the operation, we select a
spot about six inches below the throat, in front of the
neck, and over the region of the windpipe ; an incision
is to be made with a common penknife (in lieu of a
better instrument), to the extent of two or three

96 OKANGE COUNTr

inches, in a downward direction, so as to lay bare the
trachea; having exposed space sufficient, a circular
piece between two rings, corresponding to the size of
the tube, is to be cut out, and a short tube inserted,
which can be confined in position by means of tape
passed around the neck. When the obstruction is
removed, or the fances restored to their natural state,
remove the tube, bring the edges of the integuments
together, and sew them up." — Br. Dadd.

PHYSICING.

This is often necessary, but it has injured the con-
stitution and destroyed thousands of animals, when
unnecessarily or improperly resorted to. When the
horse comes from grass to dry feed, or from the open
air to the heated stable, and is becoming too fat, or
has surfeit, or grease, or mange, or is out of condition
from inactivity of the digestive organs, a dose of
physic is serviceable ; but the physicing of all horses,
and the too frequent method of exercising the animal
when under the operation of physic, cannot be too
<?trougly condemned.

STUD BOOK* 97

A horse should be carefully prepared lor the action
of physic. Mashes should be given until the dung
becomes softened. Five drachms of aloes, given when
the dung has thus been softened, will act much more
effectually and much more safely then seven drachms
when the lower intestines are obstructed by hai-dened
dung.

On the day on which the physic is given, the horse
•should have exercise ; but after the physic begins to
work, he should not be moved from his stall.

A little hay may be put into the rack. As much
mash should be given as the horse will eat, and as
much water, with the coldness of it taken off, as he
will drink. K he refuses to drink warm water, it is
better that he should have it cold than to continue
without taking any fluid ; but, in such case, he should
not be suffered to take more than a quart at a time,
with an interval of at least an hour between each
draught. The cleansing powder will be found an
excellent physic. The Barbadoes aloes, although
sometimes very dear, should alone be used. The dose*

9b OSANGE COUNTY

with a horse properly prepared, will vary from four to
seven drachms.

DISEASES.

STRANGLES OR HORSE DISTEMPER.

This disease is principally incident to young horses,
usually appearing between the fourth and fifth year,
and oftener in the spring than at any other time. It
occasionally attacks old animals. Few horses escape
its attack ; but, the disease having passed over, the
animal is free from it for the remainder of his life.
This disease is usually considered contagious, but we
ai*e not clear upon this point ; however, it will be well
to separate the patient from healthy animals. This we
would recommend in all cases of catarrhal affection.

Symptoms, — It is generally preceded by cough, with
b aischarge from the nostrils of a yellowish color,

STUD BOOK. 99

mixed with pus, generally without smell ; the mem-
brane of the nose intensely red, a swelling under the
throat which increases, ^accompanied by a fever, a
disinclination to eat, and a considerable thirst, but
after a gulp or two the horse ceases to drink. In
attempting to swallow, a convulsive cough comes on,
which threatens to . suffocate the animal and the
mouth is hot and tongue coated with white fur. The
tumor under the jaw and about the centre of the
channel soon fills the whole space, and is evidently
one uniform body, and may thus be distinguished from
glanders or the enlarged glands of catarrh. In a few
days it becomes more prominent and soft, and
evidently contains a fluid. This rapidly increases, the
tumor bursts, and a great quantity of pus is discharged.
As soon as the tumor has broken, the cough subsides,
and the horse speedily mends, although some degi*ee
of weakness may hang about him for considerable
time.

Treatment. — As soon as the tumor under the jaw
is decidedly apparent, the part should be actively

100 ORANGE COUNTY

blistered. It should be washed off as soon as it rises,
and if repeated in a day or two, this will abate the
internal inflammation and soreness of the throat, and
promote the suppurative process. When the glands
remain hard, and do not suppurate, it may lead to
glanders, in which case the use of Iodine Ointment as
an outward application, and hydriodate of potash in
daily doses of ten to forty grains, combined with
tonics, will be found useful as an internal application.
As soon as the swelling is soft on its summit, and
evidently contains matter, it should be freely and
deeply lanced, after which apply a linseed poultice. If
the incision is deep and large enough, no second col-
lection of matter will be formed ; and that which is
already there may be suffered to run out slowly, all
pressure with the fingers being avoided. The part
should be kept clean. The appetite will return witli
the opening of the abscess. Bran-mashes, or fresh-cut
grass should be liberally supplied, which will not only
afford sufficient nourishment to recruit the strength of
the animal, but keep the bowels gently open. If the

STDD BOOK. 101

weakness is not great, no further medicine will be
wanted, except a dose of mild physic, in order to
prevent the swellings or eruptions which sometimes
succeed to strangles. In cases of debility, a small
quantity of tonic medicine, as camomile, gentian, or
ginger may be administered.

No. 2. HomcBopathio treatment : Fever symptoms,
Aconite, 10 to 15 drops, once an hour ; when allayed,
arsenicum, 12 to 15 di*ops.

BLISTERIN<:

The principle on which they act is, that two intense
inflammations cannot exist in neighboring parts at the
same time; they also increase the action of contiguous
vessels. Inflammation should be met promptly with
blistering. Old enlargements and swellings can be
removed by milder stimulants, such as sweating down
the part to be blistered. The hair should be shaved,
and the ointment thoroughly rubbed in. Care should
be taken that the horse cannot hurt himself After
twenty-four hours, a little olive or neat's foot oil

102 ORANGE OOUNTT

should be applied over the blister. Apply the oil,
morning and night, until the scab peels off. Where
there is a tendency to grease, blistering is dangerous.
In the winter, care should be used that the horse does
not take cold in the part blistered.

INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS.

Symptoms. — A constant desire to void urine, al-
though only passed in small quantities, highly colored,
and sometimes tinged with blood, though more
generally quite natural. There is usually a peculiar
stiffness in the hind extremities, especially when the
horse is made to describe a circle. Pressure on the
loins elicit symptoms of pain, and the pulse and
respirations denote febrile symptoms.

The treatment will only vary from that of inflamma-
tion of other parts by a consideration of the peculiarity
of the organ affected. Bleeding may be promptly
resorted to. An active purge should next be ad-
ministered, and a counter inflammation excited as
nearly as possible to the seat of disease. For this

STUD BOOK. 103

purpose the loins should be fomented with hot water,
or covered with a mustard poultice — the horse should
be warmly clothed, and no diuretic should be given
internally. One of the best applications to the loins is
a fresh sheep skin, the skin side inwards. This will
very soon cause and keep up a considerable perspira-
tion, which may be continued by means of a fresh
skin in the course of twelve hours. With regard to
internal medicines, one of the best sedatives is the
white hellebore, in doses of a scruple twice a day.
The bowels should be opened by means of an aperient
draught, and abundance of linseed tea should be given
so as to sheath the u-ritated parts. The patient should
be warmly clothed, his legs well bandaged, and plenty
of water offered to him. The food should be carefully
examined, and anything that could have excited, or
that may prolong the irritation, carefully removed.

INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER,

This is a very rare but exceedingly dangerous
disease. There are two varieties of this disease,—

104 ORANGE COUNTY

inflammation of the body of the bladder, and of its
neck. The symptoms are nearly the same as with
those of inflammation of the kidney, except that there
is rarely a total suppression of urine, and there is heat
felt in the rectum over the situation of the bladder.
The causes are, the presence of some acrid or irritant
matter in the urine, or of calculus or stone in the
bladder. In inflammation of the neck of the bladder,
there is the same frequent voiding of urine in small
quantities, generally appearing in an advanced stage
of the disease, and often ending in almost total sup-
pression. There is this circumstance which can never
be mistaken : the bladder is distended with urine, and
can be distinctly felt under the rectum. It is spasm
of the part, closing the neck of the bladder so power-
fully that the contraction of the bladder and the pres-
sure of the muscles are unable to force out the urine.

The, treatment in this case will be the same as in
inflammation of the kidneys, except that it is of more
consequence that the animal should drink freely of
water or thin gruel.

STUD BOOK. 105

The irritation being great, it is almost impossible to
keep any soothiag application in the bladder, the
contents of which are being continually ejected;
recourse, therefore, must be had to very copious
bleeding, so as to endeavor to check the inflammation
which exists, as well as to assuage the irritation, which
forbids local measures. It will assist, to administer
calomel conbined with opium and tartarized antimony,
to scruples of each being given three times a day. The
same means may be adopted when inflammation
attacks the neck of the bladder, and the spasm pre-
vents its evacuation. The bladder of a mare can be
easily evacuated by means of a catheter ; and, by the
aid of the elastic and flexible catheter, the bladder of
the gelding can also be discharged, though the opera-
tion requires some tact and skill.

INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH
AND BOWELS.

There are two varities of this malady. The first is
inflammation of the external coats of the intestines,

106 OR/VNOE COUNTY

called periioyiitis, accompanied by considerable fever,
and usually costive n ess. The second is that of the
internal or mucous coat, called enteritis.

The muscular coat is that which is oftenest affected.
Inflammation of the external coats of the stomach,
whether the peritoneal or muscular, or both, is a very
frequent and fatal disease. It speedily runs its course,
and it is of great consequence that its early symptoms
should be known.

The causes of peritonitis are both numerous and
various. We have seen that colic may give rise to it.
Constipation may be viewed in the light both of cause
and effect in its relation to it. Collected hardened
faeces must naturally, not only of themselves, be
irritative, but obstructive and subersive of the func-
tions of the bowels, and in either one or the other
ways may lay the foundation for an attack of inflam-
mation. Certain kinds of indigestible food, calculous
bodies, irritating matter of any sort, within the bowels,
may cause an inflammation of them. Obstruction of
any of their passages— whether it be from the lodg-

STDD BOOK. 107

ment and immovableness of the matters they contain,
or from entanglement of the intestines, or intus-sus-
ception — must in the end occasion inflammation.
Over-fatigue, and consequent excessive irritation in
the bowels, will bring it on.

Symptoms. — There is some analogy between the
symptom's of this disease and colic ; there is, however,
one marked feajure of the case which enables us to
diagnose the disease with some degree of certainty,
for when inflamation has fairly set in there is little, if
any, remission of pain ; whereas, in colic, the pains
are of a spasmodic character, so that the animal at
times is quite easy. The pulse, in inflammation of
the bowels, is small, firm, and quick, increasing in
beat as the disease increases in intensity,

"The next stage borders on delirium. The eye
acquires a wild, haggard, unnatural stare — ^the pupil
dilates — his heedless and dreadful throes render
approach to him quite perilous. He is an object not
only of compassion but of apprehension, and seems
fast hurrying to his end; when, all at once, in the

108 ORANGE COUNTY

midst of agonizing torments, he stands quiet, as
though every pain had left him, and he were going to
recover. His breathing becomes tranquilized— his
pulse sunk beyond all conception — his body bedewed
with a cold, clammy sweat — he is in a tremor from
head to foot, and about the legs and ears has even a
death-like feel. The mouth feels deadly chill, the lips
drop pendulous, and the eye seems unconscious of
objects : in fine, death, not recovery, is at hand.
Mortification has seized the inflamed bowel — pain can
no longer be felt in that which, a few minutes ago,
was the seat of exquisite suffering. He again becomes
convulsed, and in a few more struggles, less violent
than the former, he expires."

Treatment. —The treatment should be prompt and
energetic. The first and most powerful means of cure
will be bleeding. From six to eigjht quarts of blood
should be abstracted as soon as possible ; and the
bleeding repeated if the pain is not relieved and the
pulse has not become rounder and fuller. Weakness
is the consequence of the violent inflammation of

STUD BOOK 109

these parts, and if that inflammation is subdued by
the loss of blood the weakness will disappear. The
bleeding should be effected on the first appearance of
the disease.

A strong solution of aloes should immediately
follow the bleeding, but guarded by opium. This
should be quickly followed by back-raking, and
ejections consisting of warm water, or very thin gruel,
in which Epsom salts or aloes have been dissolved ;
and too much fluid can scarcely be thrown up. If the
common ox-bladder and pipe is used, it should be
frequently replenished. The horse should likewise be
encouraged to drink plentifully of warm water or thin
gruel; and draughts, each containing a couple of
drachms of dissolved aloes, with a little opium, should
be given every six hours, until the bowels are freely
opened.

Dr. Dadd recommends a method of treatment quite
different from the above. He is very much opposed
to blood-letting in all cases. That bleeding is effica-
cious in this and other diseases is certain, but we are

110 OBANGE COUNTY

not certain that the same results cannot be attained
by milder and other remedies. There has leen a
reform, of late years, in the human practice with good
results, and why cannot the same ends be accomplished
in the veterinary practice ? We would recommend a
careful perusal of Dr. Dadd, in "Modern Horse
Doctor," on this disease.

COLIC.

In nine cases out of ten, colic is the result of
impaired digestive organs. The drinking of cold water
when the horse is heated is a very sure origin of
violent spasm in the horse. Hard water is very apt
to produce this effect. Colic will sometimes follow
the exposure of a horse to the cold air or a cold wind
after strong exercise. Green feed, although, generally
speaking, most beneficial to the horse, yet, given in
too large a quantity, or when he is hot, will frequently
produce gripes. Doses of aloes, both large and small,
ai'e not unfrequent causes of colio.

STUD BOOK. Ill

Symptoms. — It is of much importance to distinguish
between spasmodic colic and inflammation of the
bowels, for the symptoms have considerable resem-
blance, although the mode of treatment should be very
different.

The attack of colic is usually very sudden. The
horse begins to shift his posture, look around at his
flanks, paw violently, strike his belly with his feet,
and crouch in a peculiar manner, advancing his hind
limbs under him ; he will then suddenly lie, or, rather
fall down, and balance himself upon his back, with his
feet resting on his belly. The pain now seems to
cease for a little while, and he gets up and shakes him-
self, and begins to feed ; the respite, however, is but
short, the spasm returns more violently — every indica-
tion of pain is increased — he heaves at the flanks,
breaks out into a profuse perspiration, and throws
himself more recklessly about. In the space of an
hour or two, either the spasms begins to relax, and the
remissions are of longer duration, or the torture is
augmented at every paroxysm ; the intervals of ease

112 ORANGE COUNTY

are fewer and less marked, and inflammation and death
supervene. The pulse is but little affected at the
commencement, but it soon becomes frequent and
contracted, and at length is scarcely perceptible.

Treatment. — Take powdered grains of paradise,
1 tea-spoonful ; powdered caraway, i tea spoonful ; oil
of peppermint, 20 drops; powdered slippery elm, 1
table-spoonful ; hot water, 1 pint ; mixed together and
given from a bottle. An injection of common soap-
suds thrown into the rectum. Peppermint tea alone
will sometimes afford relief and a perfect cure. Sale-
ratus is a favorite remedy with many, but it should not
be mixed with milk or molasses, as is often done.

K the animal labors under pyloric obstruction, the
following is a good preparation : Carbonate ammonia,
1 drachm ; tincture of ginger, 1 ounce ; water, 1 pint.
Mix, and drench the horse.

SCOURS AND CONSTIPATION IN COLTS.

The principal cause of this disease is the want of
proper management of the mother. It is a law of

STUD BOOK. 113

nature, that whatever affects the bowels of the mother
will also affect the colt through the milk it derives,
though more seriously; for the colt must now, and
until it be able to masticate food, depend altogether on
the parent's milk, and the latter cannot furnish it in
sufficient quantities unless kept on generous food.

Treatment. — Our first duty is to atteucl to the
wants of the mother — establish her health if it be
impaired.

Stock raisers might learn a lesson from nurses who
attend human parturients — they give the old-fashioned
dose of castor oil understandingly, knowing from long
experience that it operates both on the mother and
child.

The milk of the mother, immediately after parturi-
tion, is the best kind of medicine to regulate the
secretions and excretions of the offspripg, and it
generally has the desu-ed effect. There may, however,
be cases where, in consequence of exposure, the foal
may have diarrhoea, if so, it must be placed in a
wai-m situation. Perhaps all that will now be needed

H

114 ORANGE COUNTY

for the cure is some warm ginger, or caraway tea; and
a little of either of these simple articles pulverized,
may, with advantage, be given to the mother in hei
food. If the mother is fat, and has not had sufficient
exei cise previous to parturition, we are not to be in a
huri-y to stop the discharge, but merely to hold it in
check. If in poor condition, and still losing flesh,
then, in addition, give of tonic, and give freely of
gruel made of wheat flour; and while it continues
the foal should not depend altogether on his dam for
sustenance, but might have a daily allowance of boiled
cow's milk, cooled to about the temperature of milk
when drawn. Hay tea, to which a small quantity of
cow's milk may be added, is an excellent drink for the
young foal in the absence of its mother's milk Tiy it,
reader, on your calves also, if you have occasion.

The following astringent drinks for colts is effica-
cious, viz. : Angelica root, 1 ounce ; cranesbill, 2 ozs.
bayben-y bark, i ounce ; African ginger, i ounce.
Pour on the above ingredients 2 quarts of boiling
water ; set them aside for a few hours. Dose : Half a

STUD BOOK. 116

pint every four hours until the disease is checked. If
the discharges are fetid, add to each dose half a
table-spoonful of finely-pulverized charcoal ; and if the
foal be weak and in poor condition, allow it hay tea,
thickened with oatmeal.

As regards costiveness, green food and scalded
shorts are the antidotes, and the mother will partake of
either with relish. Some of the former, if the season
permits, should be cut and placed before her soon after
labor. If the articles fail to have the desired effect, a
dose of aperient medicine — caster oil, or salts — should
be given.

DIARRHCEA.

This is quite a common disease among horses.
There is a kind, however, among grass eaters, that is
beneficial rather than otherwise, if it does not continue
foTv any length of time. Diarrhoea is the effect of an
irritable or congested state of the muscous membrane
of the intestines ; often produced by improper articles,
or over-doses of physic, by over-exertion and perspi-
ration suddenly checked by exposure to cold winds, &c.

IIG ORA^NGE COUNTY

Symptoms, — The symptoms are — he frequently looks
round at his flanks, his breathing is laborious, and the
pulse Is quick and small ; the mouth is hot, and the
legs and ears are warm.

Treatment. — If it proceeds from the feed, change
of diet will generally be sufficient. Unless the purging
is excessive, and the pain and distress great, the
surgeon should hesitate at giving any astringent
medicine at first ; but administer gruel, thin starch, or
ari'owroot, by the mouth and by clyster, and remove
all hay and corn, and particularly green feed. I^
however, twelve hours have passed, and the purging
and the pain are undiminished, continue the gruel,
adding to it chalk, catechu, and opium, repeated every
six hours. As soon as the purging begins to subside,
the astringent medicine should be lessened in quantity,
and giadually discontinued. The horse should be
warmly clothed, and placed in a comfortable stable,
and his legs should be hand-rubbed and bandaged.
Bayberry bark and charcoal are powerful astringents.

If the disease depends upon deranged digestive

STUD BOOK, 117

function, the liver included, give a few doses of the
following : Powdered goldenseal, 2 ounces ; powdered
ginger, 1 ounce; salt, 1 ounce. Dose, half an ounce
twice a day.

INDIGESTION.

The causes of indigestion are numerous — too little
or too much of food, water, or work ; bad ventilation,
exposure, poisons, damaged or highly nutritious
food, or working the animal on a full stomach, are aU
operative in producing indigestion in acute or chronic

foiTHS.

Symptoms. — The excrement is very variable in color
and consistence, often hard and covered with slime ;
at other times soft, when the presence of intestinal
parasites can be detected. The urine is scanty, and
either colored or thickened with foreign material. The
animal is generally cross and irritable, and leaves the
stable at working-time very unwillingly. He requires
considerable urging while travelling, and, of course, is
incapacitated to perform his usual work.

I'riia'vment. — First, if possible, remove the cause.

118 ORANGE COUNTY

If the animal has been fed on dry food, let him have a
mixture of boiled oats, shorts, and carrots, well
seasoned with salt, to which add daily half a table-
spoonful of white mustard-seed ; i pint of pale brandy
to 4 ounces of fine salt — dose, a wine-glass, in oatmeal
gruel, night and morning, just before meals. The
animal must not be permitted to spend half his time
eating. Attention must also be paid to the water
which the animal drinks. Throw a handful of pul-
verized charcoal, daily, into the water-trough. This
will improve the very worst kind.

WARTS,

These excrescences, arising from the cuticular
covering of the skin, are sometimes very annoying to
horses, especially when occurring about the eye,
sheath, penis, or on parts which come in contact with
the harness.

Treatment, — A wart having a broad base should be
treated in the following manner: Take a oommon
suture needle, and ai'ra it with a double ligature — each

ORANGE OOUNTT 119

ligature is to be composed of three threads of saddler's
twine, well waxed; pass the needle through the
centre of the wart, close down to the skin; tie each
half separately with a surgeons knot, as tight as possible ;
cut the end off pretty close to the knot, and in the
course of a short time the whole will drop off. A
wart having a small circumscribed pedicel may be
removed in the same way, by tying a single ligature
round its base. If the exposed surface should not
heal readily, moisten it occasionally with tincture of
aloes and myrrh ; and if they show a disposition to
ulcerate, sprinkle them with powdered charcoal and
blood-root, equal pai'ts. Waits about the sheath or
penis should be removed by incision. To do this, we
often have to cast the animal — the consequent hemor-
rhage to be arrested with tincture of muriate of iron,

or styptic.

SLOBBERING.

This complaint is quite common in rural districts,
where clover is used as a pasture. Lobelia or tobacco
will produce the same results. This is caused by

120 OKAInGE coukty

irritation, the article coming in direct contact with
highly sensitive secretary surfaces, which always pour
out their fluids on the application of an imtant, so
long as it remains an irritant, and provided the parts
retain their normal sensibility, or through the medium
of absorbents ; thus, calomel will cause the salivatory
gland to secrete and pour forth an amount of fluid
almost incredible. A horse will secrete more than one
and a half gallons of fluid per hour. The sharp edges
of a worn-down tooth, or a tooth in a state of ulcera-
tion, may give rise to profuse salivation ; then again,
a rough bit, and a hard master, may be set down
among the direct causes of this complaint. Indifferent
fodder of any kind, and impaired digestive organs, are
apt to produce augmented salivary secretion.

Treatment. — The causes should be sought for, and,
if practicable, removed. This may of itself produce
relief. If the trouble can be traced to a carous tooth,
let it be extracted ; or should the edges of a tooth
irritate the inside of the cheek, apply the tooth-rasp,
and make all smooth. If any imtation exists about

STUD BOOK. 121

the glands of the throat and mouth, apply a stimula-
ting application to them, composed of hartshorn and
olive oil. If something noxious in the food, give the
following : —

Powdered bayberry bark, powdered myrrh, pow-
dered goldenseal, powdered ginger, powdered sulphur,
of each 1 ounce. Mix, divide the mass into eight
parts, and mix one in fine feed ; or gargles, composed
of decoction of witch hazel, bayberry bark, tincture
gum catechu, and a solution of alum, either of which
is good, when an astringent is indicated.

No. 2. Mix a table-spoonful of sulphur in salt, give
once or twice a week.

No. 3. Burdock leaves are said to effect a cure.
Horses will not eat them only when they are troubled
with slobbers, and thus eradicate two evils at one time.

SPAVIN.

This is a very common and formidable disease of the
hock, and we have but little to offer by way of cure,
and the majority of cases may be pronounced in-

122 ORANGE COUNTY

curable ; the lameness may be in part or entirely cured,
but the spavin cannot be radically removed. The
principal cause of the disease may be found in breed-
ing from old, broken down, spavin mares and worthless
studs ; but the exciting or immediate cause is sti'ain,
injury, over-work, &g.

The weight and concussion being thrown principally
on the inner splent-bone, produce inflammation of the
cartilagenous substance that unites it to the shank-
bone. In consequence of it, the cartilage is absorbed
and bone deposited ; the union between the splent-
bone and the shank becomes bony, instead of cartila-
genous ; the degree of elastic action between them is
destroyed, and there is formed a splent of the hind
leg. The disposition to form bony matter having
commenced, bone continues to be deposited, and it
generally appears in the form of a tumor, where the
head of the splent-bone is united Avith the shank, and
in front of that union. This is called bone spavin.
Inflammation of the ligaments of any of the small
bones of the hock, proceeding to bony tumor, would

STUD BOOK. 128

equally class under the name of spavin; but, com-
monly, the disease commences on the precise spot that
has been described.

Symptoms. — ^While spavin is forming there is gene-
rally lameness, and sometimes very great, but not
entirely to unfit him for work. The lameness
sometimes abates and entirely disappears, by a little
exercise ; but when the membrane of the bone has
accommodated itself to the tumor that extended it,
lameness subsides or disappears, or depends upon the
degree which the bony deposit interfered with the
motion of the joint. Sometimes there is no tumor;
then, if a sort of regular lameness has existed for some
months, referable to no other joint than the hock, and
the difficulty has of late gradually increased, so that
the joint appears stiff, the critter is there, after which
we may expect to observe a tumor on the inside of
the hock. A tumor once formed in the region already
referred to needs no tvise man to point it out ; it can
be both seen and felt; and this, accompanied with

124 ORANGE COUNTY

hock lameness and ligamentary tumefaction, is the
symptom of spavin in its exostotic stage.

Treatment. — The remedy in the early stage, cold
water and refrigerated lotions ; in the latter stages,
strong infusion of bayberry bark ; and lastly, brandy
and salt, perseveringly applied. Congestion may be
treated in the same manner, aided by friction.

The horse, as soon as the lameness or dry signs of
the disease are perceptible, should have rest, and
cooling applications should be applied. Dr. Dadd says
— Our usual remedy in the early stage is muriatic
acid, 4 ounces ; water, 2 quarts ; tincture of blood-
root, 6 ounces ; applied daily by means of a sponge as
follows: Take a piece of sponge, slightly concave,
corresponding, as nearly as possible, to the form and
size of the hock ; by means of a few stitches, affix two
pieces of tape, or linen, so as to form an X ; each piece
must be long enough to encircle the joint two or three
times. After dipping the sponge in the mixture, it
must be applied to the inside of the hock, and there
secured, and afterwards kept constantly moist. Dr,

STUD BOOK^ 125

Spooner says — If any external inflammation is present
we cannot do better than commence by abstracting
blood from the vein above, and use cooling applications
to the hock, after which we may resort to the blister,
or seton.

RINGBONE.

Ringbone is a deposit of bony matter in one of the
pasterns, and usually near the joint. It rapidly
spreads, and involves not only the pastern-bones, but
the cartilages of the foot, and spreading around the
pasterns and cartilages, thus derives its name. Ring-
bone is sometimes hereditary ; though it is usually
occtiSioned by a strain taken in curvetting, bounding
turns, and violent galloping or racing. A coarse or
half-bred, fleshy, or bony-legged horse, with short and
upright pasterns, is the ordinary subject of this disease.

The Treatment will be similar to spavin. In reality
there is no cure, but the lameness may be in a gi*eat
measure removed by cooling applications, cold water
bandage, liniments, and, above all, give the horse rest.

Prof Spooner says — The best treatment for ring-

126 STUD BOOK.

bones after the inflammation has been in great measure
removed by cooling applications, is to well rub in the
iodine of mercury ointment, washing off the effects on
the following day, and thus repeating it again and
again. We have by such means succeeded in removing
the lameness, diminishing the enlargement, and restor-
ing the animal, in many cases, to a state of usefulness.

FOUNDER, OR ACUTE RHEUMATISM.

This is a very common disease among horses.
Founder is produced by driving a horse, when in a
state of perspiration, into a pond, exposing him to cold
wind or rain, or tying him up in the stable yard while
the hostler washes his legs or thighs, and sometimes
his body ; but excessive exertion alone will, and often
does, produce every kind of founder.

Sympi'Oms. — The earliest symptoms of fever in the
feet are fidgetyness —frequent shifting of the forelegs.
The pulse is quickened, the flanks heaving, the nos
trils red, and the horse, by his anxious countenance
and — possibly — moaning, indicates great pain. He

STUD BOOK. 127

looks about as if preparing to lie down, he continues
to shift his weight from foot to foot, he is afraid to
draw his feet sufficiently under him for the purpose of
lying down, but at length he drops. His quietness
when down will distinguish it from colic or inflamma-
tion of the bowels, in both of which the horse is up
and down, and frequently rolling and kicking when
down. When the grievance is in the feet, the horse
experiences so much relief from getting rid of the
weight that he is glad to lie as long as he can. He
will, likewise, as clearly as in inflammation of the lungs
or bowels, point out the seat of disease by looking at
the part. His muzzle will often rest on the feet or the
affected foot.

The feet will be found hot. The patient will express
pain if they are slightly rapped with a hammer, and
the artery at the pastern will throb violently. If the
disease is suffered to pursue its course, he will be
perfectly unable to rise ; or, if he is forced to get up,
and one foot is lifted, he will stand with difficulty on
the others, or perhaps drop at once from intense pain.

128 ORANGE COUNTY

Treatment.— Youatt says, bleeding is indispensable.
If the disease is confined to the fore feet, four quarts
of blood should be taken as soon as possible from the
toe of each, care being taken to open the artery as
well as the vein. The feet may likewise be put into
warm water, to quicken the flow of the blood and
increase the quantity abstracted. Poultices of linseed
meal, made very soft, should cover the whole of the
foot and pastern, and be frequently renewed. The
shoe should be removed, the sole pared as thin as
possible, and the crust, and particularly the quartei's,
well rasped. This must be done gently, and with a
great deal of patience. Sedative and cooling medi-
cines should be diligently administered, consisting of
digitalis, nitre, and emetic tartar. About the third
day a blister may be tried, taking in the whole of the
pastern and the coronet, and washed off the following
day, and repeated several times. The horse should be
kept on mash diet, unless green meat can be procured,
and that should not be given too liberally. Linseed
tea, and water acidulated with cream of tartar, form

STUD BOOK. 129

the best di*ink for patients. When the season will
permit, two months' run at grass witl be serviceable.

CHRONIC FOUNDER.

The principal difference between this and the acute
divsease lies in the less activity of the attack and
inflammatory fever, and the indefinite duration of the
symptoms ; the lameness is not persistent, but goes off
after exercise, and returns again while the animal is at
rest

The treatment should be similar to that recom-
mended for the acute disease— blood-letting, poultices,
fomentations, and blisters, and the last much sooner
and much more frequently than in the former disease.

CRAMP.

This is a sudden, involuntary, and painful spasm of

a particular muscle. It occasionally attacks the

muscles of organic life, but in its most common form

only affects the hind extremities, where it is observed

by the temporary lameness and stiffness it produces in

tbe hai'dly worked horse, as he is first led out of the
I

130 ORANGE COUNTY

Stable in the morning. If any lameness remains, which
can be ascertained by pressing the parts, it should be
removed by hard rubbing, or by giving the horse a
wider or more comfortable stall, if that should appear
to be the origin of the difficulty.

SWELLED LEGS.
If it occurs in young horses, and from those that are
over-fed and little exercised, sometimes diuretics or
purgatives, with proper management will afford relief,
if there is a gi-eat degree of stifiness and pain — some-
times abscesses appear. Physic or diuretics, or both,
must be had recourse to, it not connected with dis-
eases and general debility. Mix cordial with diuretics.
Hay bandages, dipped in water, have a good effect for
the agricultural horse,

SCRATCHES.

Swelled legs, although distinct from grease, is a
disease that is apt to degenerate into it. Scratches is
a specific inflammation of the skin and heels, some-
times of the fore feet, but oftener of the hinder ones.

STUD BOOK.

131

The principal cause of the disease is neglected grooiii-
ing and care, want of exercise, high feeding, washing
the feet and leaving them to dry. The prevention
will be proper ventilation, good stabling, grooming,
and proper care. It is more likely to affect horses
with white feet than others. Some consider the dis-
ease contagious.

Symptoms. — The first is heat and tenderness— on
applying the hand to the heel and fetlock, the parts
will be found hot, and under pressure the animal will
evince signs of pain. As the disease progresses, the
pai'ts become swolen — infiltrated with serum — thus
increasing the inflammatory symptoms, and causing
the animal much pain, which he usually evinces by
occasionally catching up the foot The hairs stand out
horizontally. When the disease attacks both hind
legs, the pain is sometimes intense, especially if the
horse be plethoric, or his system is charged with mor-
bid humors. In the latter case, the greasy discharge
is very profuse ; lor the pent-up waste matters have

132 ORANGE COUNTT

now found an outlet, which admit of a free discharge
of the fluids of the body.

Treatjient. — Attention must first be paid to diet,
ventilation, and cleanliness. The heels should be
gently washed with Castile soap and water, and oint-
ment applied in more advanced cases. Poultice with
linseed meal or carrots, boiled and mashed, may be
applied, adding a little astringent lotion to renew the
in-itation and check the discharge. Give the cleansing
powder. The following will also be found beneficial,
which has been highly recommended, by Prof. Norton
and others : Pyroligneous acid, linseed oil, turpentine,
of each equal parts. Mix. First wash with water and
Oastile soap ; after wiping them dry, apply the mix-
ture. Repeat night and morning. In order to keep
-down " proud flesh," the parts may be sprinkled daily
with burnt alum. Put on a good coating, cover the
sore with dry lint, and apply a bandage over all.
Bandages should always be dispensed with If possible.

STUD BOOK. 133

POULTRY LOUSINESS.

Horses frequently become infected with lice from
poultry having the roosting place adjoining the stalls.
When this is discovered the preventive will be to
remove the roosting place, and scald and whitewash
the stable.

Symptoms. — The horse is seized with violent itching,
shows a disposition to rub and bite himself, strike his
belly, is not easy for a moment. At night his torment
increases. After this his skin loosens, and his hair and
mane sometimes break out with eruptions.

Treatment. — In order to destroy the vermin, and,
at the same time, to cure the cutaneous eruptions and
restore the hair, take linseed oil, 1 ounce; pyrolig-
Beous acid, 3 ounces ; spirits of turpentine, 1 ounce.
Two or three applications of this compound will gene-
rally BuflSce. The parts to which the application has
been made must be washed with soap and water. The
vei-min can also be destroyed by sponging the body
with an infusion of lobelia.

134 " ORANGE COUNTY

HIDE-BOUND.

This term is applied to horses whose coat is staring,
and skin tight on the ribs, and otherwise out of con-
dition. It is not so much of a disease as a symptom
of a disease, particularly of the digestive organs.
Every disease that can affect the general system may
produce this. Glanders, scratches, chronic cough,
farcy founder, are accompanied by hide-bound. Diet
too sparing, or want of change in diet, is an unfailing
source of it. If the cause is removed, the effect will
follow.

Treatment. — If no disease appears about the horse,
change the diet, clothe the body warmly, give a few
mashes and a mild physic, or give alteratives ; and
there is none better than that which is in common use
— pulverized antimony, nitre, and sulphur. Should
the horse not feed well, and there is no fever, a slight
tonic may be given of ginger. Friction may be used
to advantage.

STUD BOOK. 135

A LIST OP THE

MEDICINES AND RECIPES

USED IN THB

TREATMENT OF THE DISEASES OF THE HORSB.

Vinegar Is a very useful application for sprains and bruises. Equal
parts of boiling water and cold vinegar will form a good fomentation.

Spirit OF Salt.— This acid is formed by the action of sulphuric acid on
common salt. It i? decidedly the best liquid caustic we have. For corns,
canker, indisposition in the sole to secrete good horn, wounds in the foot
not attended by healthy action.

Nitric Aged.— This is a valuable external application. It is both a
caustic and an anti-septic. It destroys fungous excrescences.

Sulphuric Acid, or Oil of Vitriol.— When mixed with tar, an ounce
to the pound, it is a good application for the thrush and canker. A smaller
quantity, mixed with olive oil, makes a good stimulating liniment.

Aloes.— There are two kinds used in horse practice, the Barbadoes and
the Cape. The Barbadoes aloes have a greater purgative power than the
Cape, exclusive of griping less and being safer, and the action of the
bowels is kept up longer.

Alum is used internally in cases of over-purging, in the form of alum
whey— two drachms of the powder being added to a pint of hot milk. Its
principal use Is external. A solution of two drachms to a pint of water,
forms alone, or with the addition of a small quantity of white vitriol, a
very useful wash for cracked heels, and lor grease generally ; and also for
those forms of swelled legs attended with exudation of moisture through
the skin.

136 ORANGE COUNTY

Amodynes.— Opium is the only drug that will lull pain. It may be given
as an anodyne, but it will also be an astringent in doses of 1, 2, or i
drachms.

Camphor.— It diminishes the frequency of the pulse, and softens Its
tone. When long exhibited, it acts on the kidneys. Externally applied,
it is said to be a discutient and an anodyne for chronic sprains, bruiaes,
and tumors.

Spanish Flies are the basis of the most approved and Hseful veterinary
blisters. An infusion of 2 ounces of the nies in a pint of oil of turpentine
for several days, is occasionally used as a liquid blister; and when suffici-
ently lowered with common oil, it is called a sweating oil. They have
been recommended for the cure of glanders. The dose is from 5 to 8 gr's
given daily, but withheld for a day or two when diuresis supervenes.

Guinea Pepper.— They are valuable as stimulants. Their beneflcial
effect in cases of cold has seldom been properly estimated. The dose is
from a scruple to half a drachm.

Caraway Seeds.— These and ginger, alone and combined, are the best
stimulants used in horse practice.

Castor Oil is an expensive medicine. It must be given in large doses,

Japan Earth is a very useful astringent. It is given in over-purging,
in doses of 1 or 2 drachms, with opium.

Charcoal is occasionally used as an anti-septic, being made into a poul-
tice with linseed meal, and applied to foul and offensive ulcers, and to
cracked heels.

Verdigris is usually applied externally as a mild caustic. Either alone,
in the form of fine powder, or mixed with an equal quantity of the sugai*
of lead, it eats down proud flesh, or stimulates old ulcers to healthy
action. When boiled with honey and vinegar, it constitutes the farrier's
Egyptiacum, certainly of benefit in canliered or ulcerated mouth, and no
bad application for thrushes.

Blue Vitriol.— It is a favorite t»nic with many practitioners. It is
principally valuable as an external application, dissolved In water, in the
proportion of 2 drachms to a pint; actint?as a gentle stimulant. If an
ounce is dissolved in the same quantity of water, it becomes a mild
caustic. In the former proportion It rouses old ulcers to a healthy action,
and disposes even recent wounds to heal more quickly than they other-
wise would do; and in the latter it removes fungous granulations or
proud nesh. It is also a good application for canker in the foot.

STDD BOOK. 137

Creosote is much valued on account of its antl-septlo properties and In
stopping lierraorrhages. It Is both a stimulant and a tonic. In an nndl-
luted state It acts as a caustic. In the form of a lotion, a liniment, or
an ointment, it has been useful In farcy and glanders, also in foot-rot,
canker, and thrush. As a caustic, It acts as a powerful stimulant.

DiGFTAUS— FoxGiX)VE.— The leaves of the common foxglove, gathered
about the flowering time, dried carefully in a dark place, and powdered,
and tept in a close, black bottle, form one of the most valuable mediclnea
in veterinary practice. It is a direct and powerful sedative, diminishing
the frequency of the pulse, and the general irritability of the system, and
acting also as a mild diuretic; it is, therefore useful in every inflamma-
tory and febrile complaint, and particularly in inflammation of the chest.
It Is usually given in combination with emetic tartar and nitre. The ave-
rage dose is 1 drachm of digitalis, 1)^ of emetic tartar, and 3 of nitre,
repeated twice or thrice in a day.

Diuretics constitute a useful class of medicines. They stimulate the
kidneys to secrete more than the usual quantity of urine, or to separate a
greater than ordinary proportion of the watery parts of the blood.

In swelled legs, cracks, grease, or accumulation of fluid in any part,
and in those superficial eruptions and inflammations which are said to be
produced by humors floating ia the blood, diuretics are evidently ]w.ne-
ficial ; but they should be as mild as possible, and not of tener given or
continued longer than the case requires.

Gektian stands at the head of the vegetable tonics, and is a stomachic
as well as a tonic. 4 drachms of gentian, 2 of camomile, 1 of carbonate of
iron, and 1 of ginger, will make an excellent tonic ball. An infusion of
gentian is one of the best applications to putrid ulcers.

Ginger is as valuable as a cordial as gentian is as a tonic. It Is the basis
of the cordial ball, and it indispensable in the tonic ball.

Helebobe (black).— This is used mostly as a local application, and as
such it is a very powerful btimulant.

Injections.— See clysters.

Iodine.— This is one of the most valuable drugs used In the veterinary
practice. It Is used in reducing every species of tumors. It is used In
various forms. Iodine of potassium Is best administered intemally, as a
promoter of absorption. Combined with the sulphate of copper, ir forms
a powerful and useful tonic ; whilst in the form of ir.dine of mercury, and
combined with lard or palm oil, it becomes a powerful blister, and a use-
f nl promoter of absorption.

138 OR.\NGE COUNTY

Chloridb of Lime is exceedingly valuable. Diluted with twenty times
its quantity of water, it helps to form the poultice applied to offensive
discharges. The foetid smell of fistulous withers, poll-evil, canker, and
ill-conditioned wounds, is immediately removed, and the ulcers are more
disposed to heal.

Linseed is often used instead of water for the drink of the horse with
sore throat or cartarrh, or disease of the urinary organs, or of the bowels.

?,lASHES constitute a very important part of horse provender, whether
in sickness or health.

Mustard Sinapis.— This will be found useful if, in inflammation of the
chest or bowels, it is well rubbed on the chest or abdomen.

Nitrous Ether (Spirit of) is a very useful medicine in the advanced
stages of fever.

Opium, however under-rated by some, is a valuable drug ; but it is a
powerful anti-spasmodic, sedative, and astringent.

Palm Oil is the very best substance that cmi be usedjfor making masses
and balls.

Pitch.— The best plaster for sand-crack consists of 1 pound of pitch and
an ounce of yellow beeswax melted together.

Nitrate of Potash (Nitre) is a valuable cooling medicine and a mild
diuretic, and, therefore, it should enter into the composition of every
fever ball. Dose is from 2 to 4 drachms.

Poultices.— Few horsemen are aware of the value of these simple ap-
plications in abating inflammation, relieving pain, cleansing wounds, and *
disposing them to heal. Linseed meal forms the best general poultice,
because it longest retains the moisture.

Sedatives are medicines that subdue irritation, repress spasmodic
action, or deaden pain. Digitalis, hellebore, opium, turpentine, are
medicines of this kind.

Sugar of Lead.— See under lead.

Sulphur.— It is an excellent alterative, combined usually with anti-
mony and nitre, and particularly for mange, surfeit, grease, hide-bound,
or want of condition ; and it is a useful ingredient in the cough and fever
ball.

Tar, melted with an equal quantity of grease, forms a good stopping of
thchir.if^r. Pat its principal virtue seem to consist in preventing the
penetration of dirt and water to the wounded part; and it is used with

STUD BOOK 139

the usual cough medicine, and in doses of 2 or 3 drachms for chronic
cough.

Turpentine is one of the best diuretics, in doses of half an ounce, and
made into a ball with linseed meal and powdered ginger. The oil of tur-
pentine is an excellent anti-spasmodic. For the removal of colic it stands
unrivalled.

Zinc (Calamine Powder).— Five parts of lard and one of resin are
melted together, and when these begin to get cool, two parts of the cala-
mme, reduced to an impalpable powder, are stirred in. If the wound is
not healthy, a small quantity of common turpentine may be added. This
lalve justly deserves the name which it has gained—" The Healing Oint-
ment." The calamine is sometimes sprinkled with advanuge on cracked
aeels and superficial sores.

RECEIPTS.

WCN^EK^UL Liniment.— Two ounces oil of spike, 2 do. origanum, 2 do.
lemlock, 2 do. wormwood, 4 do. sweet oil, 2 do. spts. ammonia, 2 do. gum
camphor, 2 do. sits, turpentine, and 1 quart of proof spirits 95 per cent.
Alix Treli together, and bottle tight.

For sprams, bruises, lameness, &c., &c., the above liniment cannot be
Kiualled, and is actually worth $100 to any person keeping valuable
aorses. Omit the turpentine, and you have the best liniment ever made
/or human ails, such as rheumatism, sprains, &c. Whenever an outward
Application is required, try it, and prove its virtues. It acts like magic.

Eheuhatic Liniment.— Take alcohol, X Pint ; oil of origanum, }^ oz. ,
cayenne, M oz. ; gum myrrh, >;^ oz. ; 1 tea-spoonful of lobelia, and let ai
stand one day, then bathe the part affected. We paid $5 for this recipe.

Relief Liniment.— Take % pint Imseed oil, add X Pint spts. turpentine,
1 oz. origanum, and 1 oz. oil of vitriol ; an excellent liniment for rheuma-
tism, sprains, bruises, &g. Try and prove it.

Chloroform Liniment.- For relieving suffering in case of bums, <fcc.
Mix chloroform and cod-liver oil.

Soap Liniment.— Take 1 oz. origanum, 1 oz. Castile soap, 1 pint alconoU
For swellings, &c.

140 ORANGE COUNTY

General Liniment — Turpentine, one half-pint; linseed oil, one haM-
pint ; aquamonia, 4 oz. ; tr. or Jodlne, 1. Shake it all well. This Is used
for different things spoken of in the different receipts, sores or swellings,
sprains, &c.

Black Liniment.— This is good to apply on poll-erll— fistula. Take of
linseed oil, 3^ pint; tr, of iodine, ^ oz. ; turpentine, 4 oz, ; oil of origanum,
1 oz. Shake all well, and apply it every day. Rub It in well with your
hand. Wash the part clean with soap and water before.applying it. This
IB good on any swelling.

JoiiNSTON's Liniment.— Take oil of origanum, 1 oz. ; alcohol, one half
pint ; oil of cedar, one half ounce ; oil of cloves, one half ounce ; turpen-
tine, one half ounce ; olive oil, 8 ounces. Shake all well. This is used for
almost all complamts of the muscles.

Opodeldoc— Take alcohol, half a gallon ; 2 pounds of Castile soap, 4
oz. gum camphor, 2 oz. oil of amber ; place the alcohol Into a pot in hot
water, shave up the soap, and keep It hot until all disolves, and yea have
the old original opodeldoc.

Green Ointment,— Take 6 lbs. lard, put Into ten-gallon kettle, add 2
gallons of water, cut Jimpson-weeds and fill them in and cook them four
to six hours, slow, and cook all the water out, then put into jars. Add 1^
each pound of ointment 1 ounce of turpentine. This is a good and cheap
stable ointment— good for galls, cuts, scratches, &c.

Sloan's Ointment,— Take mutton tallow, 4 lbs.; beeswax, one half-
pound ; resin, one half-pound ; turpentine, 3 oz. Melt over a slow fire,
and, when partly cold, add the turpentine, and you have the same oint-
ment. Sloan sells to cure everything; try it, and prove its value.

Iodine Ointment.- Get 1 oz. of the grease Iodine, 1 pint of alcohol. Let
this stand in the sun two days, and this is the tincture of iodine. Take 2
oz. of tincture and one half-pint of lard, mix well, and you have the
iodine ointment, This is used wherever the receipts refer to the ointment.

White Ointment,- For rheumatism, sprains, bums, swellings, bruises,
or any inflammation on man or beast, chapped hands or lips, black eyes,
or any kind of bruise. Take fresh butter, 2 lbs. ; tr, of iodine, half ounce;
oil of origanum, 2 cz. Mix this well for fifteen minutes, and it is fit for
use. Apply it every night. Rub it in well with your hand. If for human
flesh, lay on warm flannel.

Blue Ointment.— Take the ointment of resin, 4 oz, ; half oz. of finely-
ground verdigris, 2 oz. turpentine, 2 lbs. mutton tallow, half oz. oil of
origanum, half oz, tr. of iodine. Mix all welL This 1b one of the best

STUD BOOK. 141

medicines that can be made for scratches, hoof-evll, cuts, and la good to
apply on flatula after the rowels have been taken out.

Hoof Ointment.— Take resin, 4 oz. ; beeswax, 6 oz. ; lard, 2 lbs. Melt
together. Pour it into a pot, and 3 oz. of turpentine, 2 oz, of flnely-pow-
dered verdigris, l lb. tallow. Stir all until It gets cool. This is one of the
best medicines for the hoof ever used, It is good for corks or bruises of
ttie feet.

Hoop Liquid,— For tender feet, hoof-bound, &c. Linseed or neatsfoot
oil, half a pint of either; turpentine, 4 oz. ; oil of tar, 6 oz. ; origanum, 3
oz. Shake this well and apply it as the directions for the ointment. This
ia the best, if the horse has been lame long ; it penetrates the hoof sooner
than the ointment. Both of them should be applied at night.

Hoop-EriL OR Thrush, Grease Heels.— Bleed, and physic, and poul-
tice the foot with boiled turnips and some fine-ground charcoaL Thia
must be done at night, for two or three nights ; then wash the foot clean
with Castile soap and soft water, and apply the blue ointment every day.
Keep the horse on a floor, and he will be well In twelve days.

Hoop-BouND, OR Tender Feet.— Never have the feet spread at the
heels nor rasped above the nail holes, for it will do the foot an Injury.
Follow the directions given here. Use either the hoof ointment or the
hoof liquid. Apply it according to directions. For hoof-bound or tender
feet, apply it all around the top of the hoof down one inch every third
day. If for split hoof apply It every day. First, have a stiff shoe on the
foot and cleanse the cut or crack. Never cut or burn for it.

Hoof Ail.— Apply blue vitriol, and put on a tarred rag to keep out the
dirt.

No. 2. Wash well with warm soap-suds, wipe dry with a cloth ; then
take 2 spoonsful of common table salt, 2 spoonsful of copperas, pulverize;
4 spoonsful of soft soap. Mix well. Spread It upon a thick cloth, apply
to the foot, them conflne it with a bandage. Let it remain 12 hours, then
wash as before.

HooF-BouND.— Pare the heel of the hoof till it ia aa flat and natural aa a
oolt'a, then take equal parts pitch pine and butter simmered together and
anoint the heel.

Heaves.- Take 1 lb. of resin, 1 lb. of saltpetre, 8 oz. alum, 1 oz. of aaa-
fcetlda, 4 oz. of sulphur. Pulverize and mix. Give 1 tea-spoonful once
a day In hia feed. This Is also a good medicine for putting a horae in
condition.

142 ORANGE COUNTY

Prepakation for Gelding Horses.— Talie 2 oz, corrosive sublimate,
1 oz. gum kino, l oz. red precipitate.

Sprain in the Stifle.— Symptoms— The horse holds up his foot, moans
when moved, swells in the stifle. This is what is called stifling. There is
no such thing as this joint getting out of place. Cure— Bleed 2 gallons,
foment the stifle with hot water, rub it dry, then bathe it well with the
general liniment every morning and night. Give him a mash and he will
be well. Never allow any stifle-dhoe or cord on the foot or leg.

How TO Cure Corns. — Take ofl' the shoe, cut out the corns, and drop in
a few drops of muriatic acid, then make the shoes so as they will not bear
on the part affected. Apply the hoof liquid to the hoof to remove the
fever. This is a sure treatment. We never knew it to fail.

Corns.— Take the shoe off and give the horse a free run at grass for a
few weeks. This will frequently cure.

Founder in the First Stages —Bleed from the neck-vein 2 or S gallons
or until he falls, then give the following: Half oz. of aloes, 4 drachms of
gamboge, half oz. oil of sassafras. Make this into a pill, give it, and give
him all the sassafras tea ha will drink ; turn up his feet, and fill them full
of boiling hot lard ; bathe his legs in hot water, and rub them weU. This
will never fail to cure in 48 hours.

No. 2. Physic and poultice the feet.

No. 3. Mix 1 pint of sunflower seed in his food.

Spavin or Ring-Bone.— Take 1 pint spts. turpentine, 1 pint of oil spike,
4 oz. saltpetre, 4 oz. of alum, 2 oz. oil vitriol. Bathe the part affected
thoroughly every other day for one week, and if this does not effect a cure
continue it longer. This has cured spavins of nine years' standing. This
receipt has been used with great success.

Spavin and Ring-Bone Medicine.— Take of cantharides, 2 oz. ; mercu-
rial ointment, 4 oz. ; tr. of iodine, 3 oz. ; turpentine, 4 oz. ; corrosive sub-
limate, 3 dractms. Mix all well with 2 lbs. of lard. Color It if you like.
Follow the directions here given.

If for ring-bone or bone-spavin, cut off the hair from the part affected,
and merely grease the lump with the ointment. Rub it in well with the
naked hand. In two days grease the part with lard, and in four days wash
it off with soap and water, and apply the ointment again. So repeat it
every four days. If for wind-galls, or bog-spavin, or curb, apply the oint-
ment every sLx days. This recipe has been sold for $300.

Spavin.— Camphor dissolved in spirits of turpentine, applied until the
hair starts.

STUD BOOK. 143

No. 2. Oil vitriol, origanum, cedar oil, Spanisli flies, egnal parts ; 3 oz.
turpentine.

To Cuke Eing-Bone when First Coming,— Dissolve one quarter-pound
of salt-petre in one quart soft water, and wash with it twice a day. This
will stop the growth and lameness, and not remove the hair,

King-Bone,— Take of spts. turpentine, oil of spike, of eaeh 1 oz. ; bottle
and mix well ; then add 1 oz. of oil vitriol. Bathe the diseased part well
for three days, and drive it in by the application of a hot iron ; then sus-
pend it for three days to prevent the part becoming too sore, then apply
the remedy again. The sore should be treated with lard or ointment.
This will cure the disease if not of too long standing.

Poll Evil,— Cure before it breaks. Run a rowel or seton from the
lower part of the swelling to the top, through the centre of the enlarge-
ment, then make the following lotion : Take of salamoniac, 2 oz. ; and
turpentine spirits, half pint; 4 oz. linseed oil, and 4 oz. spts. tar. Shake
all well, and apply it all over the swellmg every other day. Let the seton
stay in until all the swelling is gone down ; move it every day, and when
all is gone draw it out. Bleed when you first open it. Keep the part
clean.

Poll Evil after it Breaks,— If you find by probing it that the pipes
run down towards the surface, run down a seton through the bottom of
the pipe, and anoint it with the following ointment : Take of mercurial
omtment, 4 oz. ; and of cantharides, half an ounce. Anoint the seton
every day until it runs a bloody matter, then draw it out, if the pipes run
down to the centre of the shoulders ; then run down a piece of the nitre
01 silver to the bottom, and use the liquid in the next following receipt.
Apply it on the sore every day. Keep the part clean with soap and water.

Liquid for Poll Evil.— Take olive oil, 6 ounces ; turpentine, half oz. ;
oil of origanum, half oz. ; American or seneka oil, 3 oz. Mix well, and
apply it to the part affected, after the nitre of silver has been used. Apply
this every few days until it heals up. The cleaner you keep the part the
better,

Poll Evil and Fistula.— Clean the sore throughout with soap-suds,
sound the pipe or pipes, find their direction and depth, then take stiflf
paper, roll it in a horn shape about the size of a goose-quill, fill with
arsenic or potash, double over the ends, insert the pipe, and push or drive
it to the bottom. Serve all the pipes in the same manner. It will break
loose in three to six weeks. Cleanse it one day with soap-suds, and next
with a wash composed of 1 tea-spoonful of white vitriol, and 1 do. burnt

144 ORANGE COUNTY

<5oppera8, 1 do. burnt alum, 1 of gunpowder, in one pint of rain water.
Oil the sore well after washing.

Fistula.— Take 1 pint of alcohol, half pint turpentine, 1 oz. Indigo.
Apply once a day.

To Drive Off Poll Evil before it Breaks.— Take 4 oz. oil of spike.
1 of British oil, one-eighth of whjite vitriol, 1 of extract of muUen hearts.
Apply twice a day. Shake well before you apply. Give the cleansing pow-
der to cleanse the blood.

Tmtusn OR Spavin.— Take 2 oz. oil of St. John, 1 oz, of oil of vitriol, 1
oz, oil turpentine, 3 oz. of whiskey. For spavin or ring-bone add 2 oz. of
mercurial ointment. This is a valuable receipt

Condition Powders.— Take 2 lbs, of resin, 1 Jb. ginger, l*lb. cassar, ^
lb. saltpetre. Pulverize fine and mix together. Give 1 table-spoonful
every other day.

Water Farcy.— This is a swelling along under the chest, and forward
to the breast. Bleed, rowel in the breast and all along the swelling, six
Inches apart. Apply the general liniment to the swelling. Move the
rowels every day. Let them stay in until the swelling goes down. Give
soft food— mashes— with the cleansing powder in it. This is dropsy.

Too Free Discharge op Urine.— Give one half oz. of the tr. of canthar-
Ides every mornmg for ten or twelve days, and if not entirely well, repeat
itagain, and bleed one gallon from the neck— give clean food. The cause
Is rotten or musty grain, or too free use of turpentine. Keep him open
with mashes and green food.

Disease op the Liver, or Yellow Water,— Give the following ball ev-
ery morning until it operates upon the bowels. Take 7 drachms of aloes,
and 1 drachm of calomel, 4 drachms of ginger, and molasses enough to
make It into a ba'l, wrap it in paper and give it; give scalded bran and
oats, grass If it can be got; when his bowels have moved, stop the physic,
and give 1 oz. spirits of camphor in a half pint of water every morning
for twelve days ; rowel in the breast, and give a few doses of cleansing
powder. Turn him out.

Fresh Wounds.— First, stop the wound by tying the arteries, or by ap-
plying the following wash : 4 gr. of nitre of silver, 1 oz. of soft water. Wet
the wound with this and then draw the edges together by stitches one
inch apart, then wash clean, and if any swelling in twenty-four hours,
bleed, and apply the blue ointment, or any of the liniments spoken of.
Keep the bowela open.

ORANGE COUNTY 145

Bruises.— Take Arnica blossoms steeped In whiskey.

Curb for Biles on Horses —Permit the patient to have a rnn for 5 or
6 weeks in a good pasture, and give a little physic In shorts or meal.

Cure for Cramp.— Give a dose of cathartic medicines and hot fomenta-
tions to the limbs, and a little rest.

Balls FOR Worms.— Barbadoes Aloes 6 dra., powdered ginger ij^ oz.
oil of wormwood 20 drops, powdered natron, 2 dra. ; molasses to form a
ball.

Baijl FOR Hidebound.— Barbadoes Aloes, 1 oz, Castile soap, 9 dra,, gin-
ger 6 dra.

Phtsio-Ball.- One half ounce of aloes, 3 drachms of gamboge, 20
drops of the oil of juniper ; ma,ke it Into a pill with a few drops of molas-
ses; wrap it up in thin paper and grease it; draw out the tongue with the
left hand; place the gag in the mouth, run the pill back with tlie
right hand until it drops off, then let the head down and give a sup of
water. First, prepare the horse by giving one or two mashes.

Liquid Blisterer.— Take alcohol, l pint; turpentine, one half pint; aq-
namonia, 4 oz. ; pil of origanum 1 oz. ; apply this as spoken of every three
hours until it blisters. Do not repeat oftener than once in eight days, or
seven at least, or it will kill the hair.

Healing Ointment.— Take five parts of lard, one of rosin, melt togeth-
er; when they begin to get cool add two parts of calomine powder. If
the wound is unhealthy add a little turpentine.

Galls on Horses.— Bath the parts affected with spirits saturated with
alum.

Grubs in Horses.— Take a teaspoonful of red precipitate, form Into a
ball, repeat, if necessary, in 30 minutes.

Worms.— Give one quart of strong tea made of worm-wood at night,
the next day give 7 drachms of aloes, 2 drachms of calomel, make it into
a ball and give it; give no cold water for 48 hours; make it milk- warm;
give him 2 or 3 bran mashes, and some of the cleansing-powder; If he
shows any more symptoms, repeat the dose In three weeks. This will
never faU.

Warts.— Cut them out by the roots— take the tenakulum or hook, run
It through the warts, and draw and cut round It, and draw it out; if it
should bleed too much, take 5 grains of nitre of silver, and I oz of water ;
wet a sponge, and merely touch the part with this wash, and It will stop
them; treat it as any fresh wound— still, every time you wash it, scratch
K

146 OK.VNGE COUNTY

the scab voff, so the scar will be small. This is the only sure way to treat
them.

Groggy Kxses,— This can be cured in the first stages, but if of long
standins:, there is no cure Have shoes made thick at the toe and thin at
the heels ; talvO Unseed oil. half pint ; alcohol, 4 oz. : 1 oz. camphor spirits ;
2 oz. laudanum— shake and apply to bact parf of legs, rub it in well
every 4 days ; still increase the thickness of the shoes at the toe.

Sore Mouth or Tongue.— Take of borax 3 drachms, and 2 drachms of
sugar of lead, half oz. of alum, one pint of sage tea— shake all well to-
gether, and wash the mouth out every morning. Give no hay for twelve
days.

Cleaksikg Powder.— This is to be used when the blood is out of order
—good to restore lost appetite— yellow water ; and wherever it is to be
used, it is spoken of. Take 1 pound of good ginger; 4 oz. po'vTdered gen-
tian; 1 oz. nitre; half oz. crude antimony— mix all well. Give one large
spoonful every day, in wet food. This is perfectly safe.

Sick Stomach.— Bleed half a gallon, then if he will eat a mash give him
one; give no hay; then give him half oz. rhubarb every night until it
moves his bowels ; then take of gentian root, 4 oz. ; fenugreek, 2 oz. ; nitre,
one-half oz.— mix and give' a large spoonful every day, do not give him
too much to eat when his appetite returns.

Horse Powder.— For distemper, hidebound, farcy, col's, and all lin-
gering diseases which arise from impurity of the blood or lungs. Take l
lb. comfrey root, X 1^- antimony, X lb. sulphur, 3 oz. saltpetre, j^ lb. lau-
rel berries, % lb. juniper berries, Yz lb. anise-seed, y^. lb. rosin, 3 oz. alum,
5 oz. copperas, y, lb. masterworth, J^ lb. gum powder. Mix to a powder,
and give one teaspoonf ul in his food once a day, till cured ; keep the horse
dry, and from water for six hours after using it.

Tonic Drench.— For weakness and debility. Take port wine, 3 oz.
tincture of cinnamon, y oz. powdered goldenseal 4 drachms.

Lung Fever.— Bleed four gallons from the neck vein, and take one oz.
of aconite, add to it half gallon of cold water; drench him with one giil
of it every 3 hours, blister him over the lungs, then give him water to
drink that hay has been boiled in, and to each gallon of it one oz. of gum
arable, and half an ounce of spirits of nitre— give this every four hours,
rub well, foment and rub the legs with alcohol and camphor, until they
get warm— do not move him. Keep him in an open stall, if hot weather.

Eye Lotion.— Take of linseed oil one pint, add to it two oz. of spirits of

STUD BOOK, 147

ether, gum carapTior half an oz. Let it stand in some warm place until
the oil cuts the gam, and it is flt for use.

Sting op Bees.— Take olive oil, and lime water, equal parts. Apply it
e^tercally.

Sye-Wash.— Take of sugar of lead 2 drachms, white vitriol 1 drachm,
add to this 1 quart of soft water; let it stand for 6 or 9 hours, and it is fit
for use. Wash the eyes out well every morning, after first washing the
eyes out well with cold water; follow tMs up for 3 or 4 weela, and
then if the eyes are not much better, bleed a-id give a mild physio. The
horse should be kept on low diet, and not over heated or worked too hard ;
scalded shorts an! oats are good.

Mange and lurfeit.— Bleed and physic, then take sulphur one-half
pound, 2 pounds lard; mix well, grease the part affected every three or
four days, stand the horse in the sun until all dries in, give him a few
doses of the cleansiug-powder.

Contraction op the Neck.— If it is taken in the first stages, bleed from
the neck two gallons, then ferment or bathe the part well with hot water,
rub it dry and take the general liniment and apply it every day, two or
three times ; this will cure. If it is of long standing, then blister all along
the part affected, with the liquid blister. Do tliis every three weeks until
lie is well, and rub with the white ointment.

Drops to make Old Horses Young.— Take the tr. of asafcetlda 1 oz. ; tr.
of cantharides, 1 oz. ; oil of cloves, 1 oz. ; oil of cinnamon, 1 oz. ; antimony,
2 oz. ; fenugreek, one oz. ; fourth proof brandy, half gallon ; let it stand teu:
or twelve days, and give ten drops in a pail of water— or one gallon.

148 OKAMGB COUNTT

AN EDITOR'S TROTTERS.

BoHkert Bonner^s Stables. His latest purchases. Gosdp -tbom
Famous Boadsters.

There 13 a widespread passion in America for the ownership of trotting
horses, and in this respect Mr. Bonner, the editor of the New York Ledger,
is unusually fortunate. The perfection of his stables is a matter of na-
tional comment, for, with beauty of architecture, they combine every
requisite for the health and comfort of the horses. The ventilation and
drainage are excellent. Every stall has a false floor, through which all
refuse passes to a sub-floor of cement, whence it is carried into the sew-
ers. The floor on which the horse stands is perfectly level, thus avoid-
ing that straining of the tendons of the legs consequent upon the stand-
ing on an inclined surface. The sides of the boxes are of smooth wood-
en panels, which present no hold for the horse to seize with his teeth, and
thus prevents his acquiring the habits of biting and " cribbing." The par-
titions are carried high enough to prevent the horses from annoying each
other; the doors are or ornamental iron worR, and around the building,
outside, is a tan-bark walk for exercising thp horses in bad weather. Ev-
ery appliance that could possibly reduce labor and Improve the condition
of the horses has been adopted.

The first horse the visitor Inquires for is Dexter, undoubtedly the high-
est type of the American trotter. He is a brown horse, with white legs,
stands 15)^ hands high, and is 13 years old. His head and neck tre finely
'formed, his eyes brilliant, hi3 shoulders well placed, his legs and feet

3TUD BOOK. 149

firm, and Ills back and loins powerful. For a horse of his size, his thighs
are immense. It is almost unnecessary to allude to his breeding. lie can
be traced to imported Messenger on the sire's side, and to imported
Dioraed ( the winner of the first English Derby) on the dam's side. He
was first trained by Iliram Woodruff, and it is not a little singular that in
Mr. Bonner's stable, standing in adjoining stalls, are the two horses
(Dexter and Peerless) behind which Iliram Woodruff made the best
time he ever made in his life, driving the former in harness and the lat-
ter to wagon, in 2:23^. But Woodruff died before Dexter's speed was
fully developed, though he had a premonition that even the 2:18 1-5
which he had seen him make under the saddle on the Fashion Course
would in time be surpassed. He was right in this expectation, for 10,000
people saw Dexter trot a heat against Ethan Allen and his runni-^g mate
in 2:16, although by an unjust regulation, the horse was not allowed to
claim that record. It is not asserted, however, that he is entitled to the
record of 2 :16 as a winning record, but that it is justly his due as the time
record of a public performance.

Budd Doble has stated that he drove him in 2:14)^ in private, while in
a public race he drove him in 2 :17K, and a half mile in 1 :06. Good judges
believe that by far his greatest acbievement v/as the day when Mr. Bonner
drove him on the Prospect Park Course, wagon and driver weighing 219}4
pounds, in 2:21%— a performance which, considering the weight earned
and the state of the track, was equal to 2:14. It is now four years since
Mr. Bonner gave his check for 33,000 for Dexter, and withdrew the horse
from the turf, and there is little doubt that Dexter's speed is greater now
than it was when he tr Jtted in 2:17^ in Buffalo in the hands of Budd
Doble. When Mr. Bonner purchased him it was said that he v/ould be val-
ueless, as he could not be driven with safety on the road. But kindness
and good management produced their legitimate results, and Mr. Bonner
drives him regularly on the road and through Central Park.

In the next stall stands the gray mare Peerless, a daughter of Ameri-
can Star and a Messenger mare. Like Dexter, she was bred in that nur-
sery for fast horses. Orange County, and like him also was educated hj
Hiram Woodruff, who drove her in public a mile to wagon in 2:23^— a
performance which only Dexter has surpassed. Peerless has proved a
failure as a brood mare, but is a favorite roadster with Mr. Banner, wha
•f ten drives her double with the veteran Lantern, the two making a nne
and fast team.

Lantern comes next, and it Is only the curve of the back that shows his
age, for hig eye is as bilght and his legs as clean as on the day he trotted

150 okTange county

his famous double-team match against Ethan Allen and mate, 14 years
ago. Although 24 years old, he is still fast, aa.l makes an excellent com-
panion for Peerless, fev^ being able to pass them on the road. In the next
stall stands the Calif ornia mare Princess, the once famous opponent of
Flora Temple. She was purchased as a brood mare, to be mated with
Edward Everett, the sire of Joe Elliott, Judge Fullerton, and Startle, and
has long been quite lame, but it is anticipated that she will soon recover
From her union with Hambletouian sprang Happy Medium.

The stout black colt in the adjoining box is Mambrino Bertie, Mr.
Bonner's latest purchase. Bred by Dr. Herr, of Lexington, Ky. ; this colt
astoaishad everybody by trotting a mile, last Fall, when a two-year old,
over the Cincinnati tJourse, in 2:41, and repeating, half an hour afterward,
in2:43>^. He has since ti'otted in 2:36X; but not being thoroughly ac-
climated, Mr. Bonner does not purpose hurrying him. He is a handsome
colt, wonderfully developed for a three-year old, and will assuredly make
a fast trotter in time. The bay horse in the next box ranks highest in
Mr. Bonnei*'s esteem. This is the four-year old colt Startle, by Edward
Everett, which was purchased from George Alley, last Fall, for S20,000,
immediately after winning the Three-year-old Stakes, distancing his op-
ponent, Lothair, in the fast time of 2:56)^. Startle has massive, muscu-
lar quarters, indicating the possession of immense powers. Perliaps no
colt ever made such rapid progress in trotting speed as this horse, for
when Carl Burr purchased him, in June last year, he could not beat 3:20,
and in the following September he won his first race in 2 :Z6}4 Last month
Mr. Bonner drove him a mile on the Fleetwood Park Course, on a slow
track, in 2 :23, and, had the day and course been favorable, he could have
reduced the time considerably. As Startle is only four years old, he has
plenty of time for maturing and improving, and experienced judges be-
lieve that, when Dexter's time of 2:16 is surpassed. Startle is the horse
destined to do it.

The bay gelding Joe Elliott next shown, trotted a heat over the Sea-
caucus Course, K. J., in 1S69, in 2 :S4, his name then being Boyant Colt
Mr. Bonner paid S10,0C0 for him, and placed him with Carl Burr for train-
mg. A few montlis ago he made a mile on the Fleetwood Course in
2:183^. Brano occupies the next box, and never was in more superb
condition than now. Since Mr. Bonner bought him of Mr. Phyfe he has
greatly improved in speed. As a four-year-cld he made the best record
in a pubhc race, trotting a mile in 2 :30 in a gale of wind. With his sister.
Brunette, he made also the fastest double-team time, having trotted a
mile in 2 :2.-»)^. Last on the hst stands Pocahontas, the beautiful daugh-

STUD BOOK.

151

ter of the famous paciEg mare of the same name and Ethan Allen. A
mare of more perfect symmetry and beauty was never foaled ; her action
when In motion is the perfection of trotting, cora'oming ease, ele£;\nce,
power and speed, in an extraordinary degree. She has trotted only one
race in public, namely, against Blackstone Belle, at Boston, -which she
won easily. It is said an amount, even larger than that paid for Dexter,
was paid for her. That Mr. Bonner in purchasing her was not mistaten,
appears from the fact that she has since trotted a mile under saddle, rid-
den by John Murphy, in 2 :1S>^, She is an excellent team mare, and
there need not be much surprise if next season she and Buruo make the
best time ever made by a double team.

152 CHiANGK COUNTT

3.80 HORSES.

BY AJAX.

Goldsmith Maid, by Alexander's Abdallali, dam by Abdaliah. . . 2:17

Dexter, by HarabletoDian, dam by American Star 2 :17 1-4

Laiy Thome, by Mambrino Chief, dam by Gano, by American

Eclipse 2:18 1-4

American Girl, by Amos' Clay, dam said to be thoroughbred. . . 2 :19

George Palmer, by the Bogus horse, dam a Clay mare 2 :19 1-4

Flora Temple, by One-Eyed Hunter 2:19 8-4

Henry, by Magna Charta 2:20 1-4

Mountain Boy, by Ed ward Everett, dam by Roebuck 2 :20 1-2

General Butler, by Smith jBurr, uy rsapuieuu 2:21

Rolla Golddust, by Golddust, to saddle 2:21

George Wilkes, by Harabletouian 2:22

Princess, by Michael Reaker : 2:22

Jay Gould, by Hambletonian, dam by American Star 2:22

Rockingham, to saddle 2:22 1-4

Lucy, by G. M. Patchen, dam May Cay 2:22 1-i

G. M. Patchen, by C. M. Clay, dam by Trustee 2:22 1-2

Fearnaught, by Young Morrill 2:23 1-4

Bashaw, Jr„ by Green's Bashaw 2:23 1-2

Rhode Island, by Whitehall, by North American 2:23 1-2

Hotspur, by Ethan Allen, dam by Abdallah 2 :23 1-2

Billy Bafrr, ( formerly W. B. Whiteman,) by Ethan Allen 2 :23 3-4

Kirkwood, by Green's Bashaw : 2:24

Draco Prince, by Draco, dam Vermont Black Hawk 2 :24

CK Medoc, ( formerly John Morgan,) by Pilot, dam by Medoc. . . 2 :24

STUB BOOK. 153

Beppo, by Hambletonian, dam by Abdallah 2:24 1-2

Chicago, (formerly Rocky,) by Ole Bull, by Pilot, dam by Amer-
ican Eclipse 2:24

Toronto Cbief, by Royal George 2:24 1-4

Major Allen, ( formerly Locust, ) by Young Etlian Allen 2 :24 1-4

California Damsel, by son of Long Island Black Hawk 2 :24 1-2

Prince Hartford, by Nonpareil, son of Long Island Black Hawk 2:24 1-2

Pilot Temple, by Pilot, Jr., dam Flora Temple's dam 2 :24 1-2

Myron Perry, by Young Columbus, dam by Hopkins' Abdallab.. 2:24 1-2

Green Mountain Maid, by Harris' Hambletonian 2 :24 3-4

Silas Rich, by Young Priam 2 :24 8-4

Clara G., to saddle 2:25

G. M. Patchen, Jr., ( California Patchen,) by G. M. Patchen,

dam Bellfounder mare 2:25

W. H.Allen, by Volunteer, dam by Abdallah 2:25

Mac 2:25

Commordore Vanderbilt, by Young Columbus 2:25

Prank Vernon, (formerly Panic,) by Sherman's Black Hawk

( North Horse,) dam Vermont Hambletonian 2:25

Ethan Allen, by Hill's Black Hawk 2:25

Yellow Jacket 2:25

]^ancet, by Vermont Black Hawk, to saddle 2:25

Brown Dick, by 2d Star 2:25 1-4

Gray Eagle. ( thoroughbred,) by Gray Eagle, dam by imp. Trus-
tee 2 :25 1-3

Fannie Allen, by Ethan Allen, dam Cherub, by Abdallah 2 :25 1-2

Gray Mack, by son of Hill's Black Hawk 2:25 1-2

CentreviUe, by Henry Clay 2:25 1-2

Ti.cony, by Sportsman 2:25 1-3

Nonesuch, by Daniel Lambert, by Ethan Allen, dam by son of

Vermont Black Hawk 2:25 1-2

Judge Fullerton, by Edward Everett 2:25 1-4

Tom Jefferson, by Toronto Chief, dam by Wagner 2:25 1-3

Charles E. Loew, by G. M. Patchen, dam by Abdallah 2 :25 1-3

J. J. Bradley 2 :25 1-2

Byron, by Field's Royal George, dam by Morgan 2 :25 1-2

Harry Harley, ( formerly Columbia Chief,) by Young Columbus,

dam by Harris' Hambletonian , , 2:26 8-4

Jeff Davis 2:25 8-4

Colonel Russell 2:25 3-4

License 2:25 8-4

154 ORANGE COUNTY

Belle Strickland, by Eaton Horse 2 :26

Billy HasklDS, by Ed Forest, dam Pilot, Jr 2:26

Belle of Portland 2:26

Tattler, by Pilot, Jr., dam by Medoc 2:26

Tackey, by Pilot, Jr 2 :26

W. K. Thomas, by Osceola, by son of Pilot 2:26

May Queen, by May Day 2 :26

Confidence. 2 :26

Hunti'ess, by Volunteer, dam by American Star : . . . 2 :26

Triurapli, ( formerly Joe ) 2:25 1-4

Ben Camming, by Columbus, dam Mambrmo 2 :26

H. W. Genet, by son of G. M. Patcheu 2:26

LadySuffolk, by Engineer 2:26

Surprise, by Harry Clay 2:26

Cooly, by Daniel Eoone (a pacer) 2:26

Leviathan, to saddle 2:26

Sleepy John 2 :26 1-4

Bay Whalebone 2:26 1-4

Lady Emma, by Jnpiter, dam by Ab lalluh 2 :26 1-4

Eoyal John, by Woodstock M;>rrill 2 :26 1-4

Queen of tlie West, by Pilot, Jr 2:26 1-4

Stockbridge CUief 2 :26 1-2

Black Mack 2 :26 1^2

Matthew Smith 2 :26 1-2

Mohawk, Jr., by Mohawk, by Long Island Black Hawk 2 :26 1-2

Susie, by Hampden Boy, grandsire Vermont Black Hawk ■ 2:26 1-2

Little Fred, dam Dirigo, by Drew 2 :26 3-4

Pocahontas, by Ethan Allen, dam Pocahontas, the pacer 2 :26 3-4

Sea Foam, by Young Colu'.v.bus 2 :26 3-4

Gilbraith Knox, by General Knox, he by North Horse 2:26 3-4

Clara, (late Crazy Jane,) by Sager Horse 2:27

Idol, by Black Warrior 2 :2T

Highland Maid, by Saltram 2:27

Western Girl, ( formerly Angeline,) by son of Bellfounder 2:27

Look Out 2 :27

Sir Walter 2:27

Lottery, by Harabletonian 2:27

Aggy Down, to saddle 2:27

General Taylor, to saddle 2:27

Sorrel Dan, by Magna Charta 2:2T

STUD BOOK. 155

Lady Woodruff, by Wasliington 2 :27

Tammaoy, by son of Eising Sun 2 :27

Ben Higdon, by Abdallah 2 :27

Uncle Abe, by Young Morrill 2 :27 ,

Tennessee, by Commodore, dam by Hill's Black Hawk 2 :27

Prince, cli., by Jupiter Abdallab, dam by Trustee 2 :27

Lady Mac, to saddle (Hcmb ttonian) 2:27

North Star Mambrino, by Mambrino Chief 2 :27 1-4

Star of the West 2:27 1-4

Lydia Thompson, by Wild Wagoner, by G. M. Patclien 2 :27 1-2

Draco, by Young Morrill 2:27 1-2

Eapid, by Toronto Chief, to saddle 2:27 1-2

Chicago Jack, by Merrick Horse, to saddle 2:27 1-2

Clarence ^ 2:27 1-2

Commodore Nutt, by Grantham Chief, by Royal George 2 :27 1-2

MoUie, Delphi's dam, by Abd-el-Kader 2 : 27 1-2

Black Douglass, by Henry Clay 2:27 1-2

Ed White 2:27 1-2

Drc-adnaught 2:27 1-2

Mambrino Pilot, by Mambilno Chief, dam by Pilot, to saddle. . . 2:27 1-2

Traveler 2 :27 1-2

Sleepy John, dam by Red Bird 2:27 1-2

Shark, by Hambletonian, dam the grandam of Dexter, to sad-
dle 2:27 3-4

. Shep. Knap, Jr., by Shep. Knap, lie by Eaton Horse 2 :27 3-4

Jessie Wales, by Ajax, double 2:27 3-4

Darkness, by Mambrino Chief, grandam by Pilot, double 2 :27 3-4

James H. Burke, ( late Governor IJurgan ) 2 : 27 3-4

Belle of Saratoga, by Vermont Black Hawk 2 :5S

Auburn Horse, by Champion 2:2S

Fannie Lee, by Ethan Allen, dam by Sherman's Black Hawk. . . 2 :2S
Black Harry Clay, by Neaves' C. M. Clay, Jr., dam by imp. Bell-
founder.. 2:28

Blackbird 2 :2S

Dutchess 2:28

Pelham 2:28

Rocket 2:28

Young Woful 2:28

Independence 2 :2S

J. M. Botts, by Spaulding's Abdallah. . , , 2:28

Jilt 2:28

156 ORANGE COUNTY

Blonde, by Hoagland's Messenger, dam by Abdallah 8:28

Dutchman, a second mile to saddle 2:28

Mohawk, Jr., by son ol Long Island Black Hawk 2:28

Lady Shannon, by Harris' Uambletonlan 2 :28

Tartar, by Royal George 2:28

Grey Jacl?, of Morgan blood 2:28 1-4

Miller's Damsel, by Andrew Jackson 2:28 1-4

Twang, by Hlatoga, dam by Am. Eclipse 2 :2S 1-4

Strldeaway 2 :28 1-2

Charlie Green, by son of Abdallah 2:28 1-2

Lady Garfield 2:28 1-2

Rattler 2:28 1-2

Jim Porter 2:28 1-2

Lady Shannon 2:28 1-2

Mary, by G. M. Patchen 2:28

B. Gen. McClellan, by Drew 2.28 1-2

Lady Vernon 2 :28 1-2

Blackstone Belle, by Brandy wine, he by Abdallah 2 :28 1-2

Young Columbus, by Columbus, dam Black Maria, grandam of

Harris' Hambletonlan 2:28 1-2

Medoc 2:28 1-2

Leff Sayera 2:23 3-4

Jas. D. McMann 2:28 3-4

Morrissy, by Black Warrior 2:2S 3-4

Fannie Kemble 2:28 3-4

Lady Sheridan 2:28 3-4

Grey Hawk 2:28 3-4

Dutchman, ( formerly Derby,) by Rough and Ready 2 :28 3-4

Joe Hooker, Jr., by Tom Hyer, a Black Hawk.. 2:28 3-4

Drift, ( formerly Norwood,) by Hambletonlan, dam by Saltram. 2:29

Lew Pettee, by Norman 2:29

Widow McCree, by American Star 2:29

Western New York, by Nonpareil, ( son of Long Island Black

Hawk.) dam oy Rysdyk's Hambletonlan 2:29

H.B. Patchen, by G.M. Patchen 2:29

Red Cloud 2:29

Woful, by Long Island Black Hawk. 2:29

Medoc, Wh 2:29

Tom Parker 2 :29

Bally Lewis, by Pilot Jr 2:29

Miller's Damsel, by Edmond's Jackson, son of Andrew Jackson. S :S9

STUD BOOK. 157

Reindeer, bj Monmouth Eclipae 2:2»

Zac Taylor, by Quiraby Horse 8:29

HoQest Alien, by Ethan Allen, double 2:29

Draco, by Young Morrill 2:29

Lady Sherman, by North Horse 2:29

Contraband, dam by thoroughbred 2:29

Old Man's Mare, by Young Andrew Jackson 2 :29

Nelly Holcomb 2:29

EllaElwood 2:29

N. B. Palmer 2:29

Putnam 2:29

Fleetwood , , 2 :29

Rosamond, by Columbus 2:29

Tib Woodward 2 :29

Major Edsall, by Alexander's Abdallah, dam by Ainerican Star. 2 :29

Up and Up r 2 :29

Grit 2 :29

Nabocklish, by Rising Sun 2 :29

Pilot, by Pilot, Jr 2 :29 1^

Ed Foster, by Young St La^Tence 2:29 1^

Fanny Lee, by Ethan Allen, dam by the North Horse 2 :29 1-4

Lexington, by Lexington ' 2:29 1-4

Edna 2 : 29 1-4

Bally Lewis, by American Star 2:29 1-2

Fearless, by Meeker Horse 2:29 1-2

Bruno, by Hambletonian 2:29 1-2

Harvest Queen, by Hambletonian, dam by American Star 2 :29 1-2

New Berlin Girl 2:29 1-2

India Rubber, by Coa:et 2:29 1-2

Jake Oakley, by Long Island Black Hawk 2 :29 1-2

Warwick, by Ethan Allen, dam Rachel 2:29 1-2

Dutch Girl, by Grey Eagle 2:29 1-2

Madawska Maid 2:29 1-2

JohnFero, by.imp. Consternation 2:29 1-2

Daisy Burns, bySkenado , 2:29 3-4

Mountain Maid, by Morrill 2 :29 3-4

Safe 2:29 3-4

Lady Ross, by Vergenes' Black Hawk, dam a Clay mare, gran-
dam a Star mare 2:29 3-4

Lady Hughes, by Jupiter, dam by Weber's Tom Thumb 2 :30

L,ady Moscow 2:30

158 OKANGE COUNTY

Old Put, by Clarion 2:^0

Lady Sutton, by Morgan Eagle 2 :no

Lady Augusta, by Hambletonian, dam by Saitram 2 :30

Lady Vernon 2:?.0

Lady Jane 2:30

Bashaw Maid, by Plow Boy, by Long Island Black Hawk 2 :80

Kose of WasLiington, by Smith Burr's Washington, saddle 2 :30

Empress 2:30

W. H. Taylor, by Norman 2:30

Norman 2:30

Young Ripton 2 :30

Black Ralph, by Vermont Black Hawk 2 :30

Black Harry, double 2 :30

Emperor 2 :30

India Eubber, Comet 2:30

Centreville, by Henry Clay, dam by Mambrino. . » 2 :30

Uxbridge 3:30

Copper Bottom ; 2 :30

Miller's Maid 2:30

Tarquin , 2 :30

Tom Parker 2 :30

Western Metropolis 2 :30

Fanny Pullen 2 :30

Long Island 2 :30

Ike Cook, by Abdallah 2 :30

Joe Hooker 2 :30

Silas 2:30

Whitebird. by Whitebird, a thoroughbred 2:30

Mazeppa 2 :30

St. Elmo, by Alexander's Abdallah , 2:30

Jack Rossiter , . . ; 2 :30

Strathmore 2:30

Sunnyside 2:30

Carrol (by Cardinal), by Vermont Black Hawk , , ... 2 :S0

Champagne, by Ed Forrest 2:3n

Dan Mace 2:30

General McClennan, by Drew 2 :30

Washington Irving, by Ethan Allen, to sadd'e 2 :30

Belle of Toronto, by Royal George 2:30

Denmark 2:?o

STUD BOOK. 159

Jack Stewart, by Tom Wonder, dam by Harris' Hambletonian. . 2:30

Lady Hamilton 2 :30

Purity, by Blue Bull, dam by Daniel Boone 2 :30

Western 2:30

HEADQUAETEES

Mide^ tt.^i tj Ijaii&em^n.

I^IR-IOEi XjIST

BOOKS, PRINTS & HORSE GOODS,

OP EVERY DESCRIPTION,

DAVIDSOlSr & OOMPAKT.

DAYIDSON & CO/S

USEUL ARTICLES NEEDED BY ALL HORSEMEN.

Check Reins Flat $2, Round, $3 00 each.

CheckBits 2 00 "

Baldwin Bits, from ' 2 00 to 4 50 "

Dan Mace's Trotting Sniffle, nkle pit., Rebeck. 3 00 "

" full check. 4 00 "

Rubber Mouth with chain inside 1 50 to 2 50 "

Star Bits 2 00 to 6 00 "

Rubber Mouth, stiff 1 50 to 3 00 "

Martin Bits for Bad Horses 6 00 to 11 00 "

4RingDouble Jointed, (2 joints) 2 60 to 4 00 "

4 Ring Single Jointed 1 50 to 3 00 "

4-in Ring Race Bits, nickle 3 00 "

Rockwell Bits, nickle plated 4 00 "

Woodmanu's Bits, nickle plated 3 00 "

Curb Bits of all grades 1 00 to 10 00 "

Clipping Shears 1 50 to 2 50 "

Clipping Combs 50 to 100 "

Clipping Machines 6 00 to 50 00 "

Sweat Scrapers, stiort and long 50 to 2 00 "

Cribbing Halters, the only known remedy for

this disagreeable and dangerous practice. 12 00 "

Tooth Rasp or Float, in the rough 3 00 "

" " polished 4 00 "

nickleplated 5 00 "

Rein Holders and Buttons 1 00 to 2 00 ^ pr.

SnowBallPods 2 00 ♦'

Feather Dusters 1 50 to 6 00 each.

ChamoisSkins 50 to 2 00 "

Sponge, (sheep's wool) 3 00^ R .

Carriage Mats, (wool) 3 00 to 10 00 each.

Monograms for harness 3 00 to 4 00 *'

Harness Soap $1^ cake, or 8 OO^doz.

Horse Plumes 1 00 to 4 00 each .

Bells to go around the body 3 00 to 25 00 %) stg.

Felt Soaking Boot 3 50 each.

PRICE LIST.

Sheep Lined Grab Boot 6 00 ^ pr.

Loaded or Weight Boot, any weight 5 00 *'

Sponge Lined Soaking Boots 7 00 "

Shoe Boil or Sleeping Boots 6 00 "

Cup Ankle Boots 2 00 "

Ti-otting Rollers, wood, horn or rubber 1 00 each.

Knee, Shin and Ankle Boots 4 00 "

Bristle Ankle Boots 2 50 "

Round Quarter Boots 3 00 "

Standing Boots, when a horse stands with one

foot resting on the other 3 00 "

Short SLin and Ankle Boots 2 50 "

Long Knee, Shin and Ankle Boots 2 60 "

Shin and Ankle Boots 2 50 "

Knee Boots 3 00 "

Knee and Arm Boots 4 00 "

S'lin or Speedy Cut Boots 3 00 "

Knee and Shin Boots 3 00 "

Lawn Boots for walking, on Lawns 8 50 ^ pr.

Sandals, used to carry on a journey in case a

horse loses his shoes 4 00 each.

India Rubber Overshoes for horses with tender
feet ; can be used to drive on the roads
with perfect safety ; no other shoes re-
quired 4 50 ^ p»-,

HORSE PICTURES.

Splendid Colored Lithographs, size 14x18. Price 30 cents each, or
the set of 14 for $3.50.

ETHAN ALLEN AND MATE, DUTCHMAN,

DEXTER, LADY FULTON,

GOLDSMITH MAID, H.A.MBLETONIAN,

LUCY, FLORA TEMPLE,

AMERICAN GIRL, OCCIDENT,

HENRY, HARRY BASSETT,

►Y THORN, LONGFELLOW.

L^1

NEW RACE HORSES.

Harry Bassett, with jockey waiting for the signal, size 25x33, $3 GO'
Harry Bassett and Longfellow, with jockeys, at full speed,

Size 25x33 3 oa

SPORTING PRINTS.

Beautifully Colored Lithographs, for Saloons,
Hotels, etc., etc., etc.

DAVIDSON & C0:8

ROAD AND TRACK SCENES.

size 26x36, each $4.

A Stopping Place on the Road.

Trotting Cracks at Home— A Model Stable.

Troiting Cracks at the Forge.

Going to the Trot— A Good Day and a Good Track..

Coming from the Trot— " Sports" on " Homestrotch."

Fast Trotters on " Harlem Lane."

Speeding on tl.e Avenne.

A Brush for the Lead— New York " Flyers" on Snow.

First Trot of the Season— To go as they please.

Size 23x33, each $3.

Scoring— Coming up for the Work.
A Brush on the Homestretch.
Won by a Neck.
Trotting Cracks on the Snow.

FAMOUS TROTTING HORSES.

Size 25x33, each $3.

The King of the Road — Dexter and Bonner.

American Girl and Lady Thorn.

Goldsmith Maid and American Girl.

Jorm Stewart— 20 Mile Trot. To Wngon, 59:23.

Biily Boyce— Pacer. To Saddle, 2:144.

Dexter— To Sulky, 2:174.

Dexter and Ethan Allen and mate, 2:15.

Dexter— To Saddle. Time 2:18.

Dexter and Butler— To Wagons.

Dexter, Butler and Toronto Chief— To Saddle.

Lady Thorn and Mountain Boy— To Sulkies.

Lady Thorn— To Wngon.

George Wilkes— To Wagon.

Hambletonian, the Sire of Dexter. In the Stable.

George M. Patchen, Jr.— To Sulky.

Wilkes and Vanderbilt— To Wngons.

Gray Eagle (of Kentucky)— To Wagon.

Flora Temple and Hero— To Sulky and Wagon.

Mambrino Chami)ion — In Stalile.

Flora Temi)le and Princess— To Sulkies.

Flora Temple and Lancet— To Sulky and Saddle.

Flora Temple and Sontag— To Wagons.

Ethan Allen and Patchen— To Wagons.

Ethan Allen and Mate, and Lantern and Mate.

Stella and Alice Gray, and Lantern and Whalebone— Double Team

Race.
Tony an 1 Mac— To Saddles.

Great Double Team Trot-Jessie Wales and Darkness, and Honest
Allen and Kirk wood. m.

George Palmer to Sulkv. M

Each of these Prints has a fine Portrait of the Driver, with Time,
day and date of the Matches, and beautifully colored.

PRICE LIST.

RACING SCENES.

Peytonia and Fashion running their great race, size 25x33. . . $3 00

Jerome Park Races— SaddUng, 22x28 1 75

False Start, 22x28 1 75

The Race, 22x28 1 75

Returning to Weigh, 22x28 1 75

Curragh Kildare Races, 22x28 1 25

Plying Dutchman and Voltigeur— Running R tee, 22x28 1 60

MISCELLANEOUS TROTTERS, &c.

* Lady Thorn and American Girl, 22x28 $2 25

» Dexter, Ethan Allen and Mate, 22x28 2 25

* Butler, Silas Rich and Baslmw, Jr., 22x28 2 50

* Dexter— In Harness, Driven by Hi ram Woodruff, 22x28 2 00

* Dexter— To Wagon. T me 2:17|, 22x28 2 03

* Dexter- In the Stable (Chrom ■), lpx20 2 25

z Hambletonian— In the Stable (Chromo), 23x30 2 25

7. M tmbrino Pilot and Flor i Temple— In t le Field, 25x33 3 00

H imbletonian and W dow M ichree— In the Field, 25x33 3 00

Ethan Allen and Pocahontas— In the Field, 25x33 3 00

" Four in Hand"— Tee Diiv9, 25x33 3 00

The Road In Summer, 25x33 3 00

The Road in Winter, 25x33 3 00

Going to the Trot, 22x28 2 50

Coming from the Trot, 22x28 2 50

A Stopping Place on the Road, 22x28 2 50

John Stewart — Twenty Mile Trot, to Wagon. Containing many

Full Length Portraits of Sportin^r ("elebriiies, including
O'Baldwin, Joe Coburn, Harry Hill, Bob Brettle, Ed.

James and others, 25x33 3 00

A Crack: Team at a Smashing Gait, 24x30 2 00

A Trot for the Gate Money, 24x30 2 00

A "Spill Out" on the Snow, 24x30 2 00

Size 25x33, each $2.

Flora Temple— To Sulky, 2:194.
George M. Patchen — To Sulky.
LidySuffolk-To Sulky.
Pocahimtas— To Wagon, 2:17^.
Trustee— To Sulky. Twentv'^Mile Trot.
Lexington— In the Field, 7:19|.

Lady Suffolk- To Saddle, 22x28 $1 50

Dutchman— To Saddle, 7:32^, 22x28 1 50

DOGS, HORSES, STAGS. &c.

Zyfipaniel (12 in circle) $3 50

z^ull Dog^ '« 3 50

z Right Sort " 3 50

z Tan Terrier " 3 50

DAVIDSON & C0:8

* Be'il and Harry, 14x18 $ 60

z Lnyin^; Down the Law, 23x35 7 00

z Hector andJuno, 22x28 2 GO

z First Lesson m Ratting, 22x28 1 25-
Th e Inundation— Dog and Pups, 19x24 50

z Huntsman and Hounds, 22x28 1 25

z Horses in a Storm, 22x28 1 25

z Members of Temperance, 21x30 2 50

Size 22x28, each $1.25,
z Horse and Groom.
z Horse Fair.
z Hurdle Races, I. and 11.
z Bayed Stag.
z Weighing the Deer,
z The Stag Hunt, L and II.

GAME FOWL, BIRDS, &c.

The Poultry Yard SO

FIELD SPORTS & GAME.

Size 25x33, each $3.75.

American Field Sports— " On a Point."
American Field Sports — " Flushed.!'
Imerican Field Sports—-' Boih Barrels."
American Field Sports — "Retrieving."
Camping in the Woods — "A Good Time Coming."
Camping in the Woods — "Laying Off."
American Hunting Scenes — '' An Early Start."
American Hunting Scenes — "A Good Chance."
Close Quarters — Setter and Woodcock. Life size.
Pointing a Bevy, Painter and Quail. Life size.

BOOKS ON THE HORSE.

Racing Chronicle $3 00

The Trotting Horse of America; how to Train and Drive him;

by Hiram Woodruff 2 50

b Tattersall's Pictorial Gallery of English Race Horses. Con-
taining Portraits of all the Winners of the Derby, Oaks
and St. Leger Stakes, from 1831 to 1850, and a History of

the principal Operations of the Turf 8 00

b The Horse Owner's Guide, by F. H. Walther 1 50

b Youatt on the Horse. Illustrated 2 00

b Horse Racing; its History; and Early Records of the prin-
cipal and other Meetings, with Anecdotes, &c

b Jennings on the Horse and his Diseases 2 00

b Mayhew's Illustrated Horse Doctor 3 00

b Stonehenge on the Horse in the Stable and in the Field.

Illustrated 5 00

PRICE LIST.

t The Horse in the Stable and in the Field, by J. H. Walsh. . . $2 00

z John Stewart's Stable Book 1 75

z Youatt and Spooaer on the Horse 175

z Jennings' Horse Training Made Easy 1 40

z Simpson's Horse Portraiture 3 00

z Cole's Veterinarian 1 00

b H mdy Horse Book, or Practical Instructions in Driving,

Riding, and Man-igement of Horses 2 50

b Hints to Horse Keepers on Breeding, Buying, Breaking,

Using, Feeding and Physicing Horses, by Frank Forester 2 00
Earey and Knowlson's Complete Horse Tamer and Farrier.

Illustrated with descriptive engravings 60

d The Complete Farrier and Horse Doctor 30

r Turf Fraud and Turf Practices ; or, Spiders and Flies 75

VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS.

Metal Horse Syringes. 24, 36, and 48 oz $3 50 $4 50 5 50

Brass Horse Syringes 13 00

Reed's Patent Injection Pump, best 35 00

Eeed'sPatent Injection Pump, plain 23 00

English Imported Horse Tooth Rasp 5 00

English Imported Horse Tooth Rasp, guarded 6 25

Two Fold Case Veterinary Instruments 18 00

Three Fold Case Veterinary Instruments 27 00

Pr eking Knivis, 1, 2 and 3 blade, plain $2 50 $3 25 4 00

Pricking Knives, 1, 2 and 3 blade, spring back. . $2 75 $3 50 4 25

Castrating Clamps $4 00 10 00

Castrating Eraseur 17 00

Set of Hobbles 35 00

Firing Irons 3 00

Balling Guns, wood 2 50

Balling Guns, brass 3 50

Elastic Horse Catheders 3 00

Metalic Horse Catheders 3 00

Seton Needles, plain $1 25 1 75

Seton Needles, long screw, 3 parts 4 25

Horse Fleams, 1, 2 and 3 blades $2 25 $2 75 3 25

Tracheotomy Tubes, metal 7 50

Tracheotomy Tubes, hard rubber 5 25

Spring Lancets 3 25

Tooth Forceps from 6 00 to 10 00

Clipping Shears $1 75 2 25

Clipping Combs, Horn 75

Chpping Combs, steel 75

Apparatus for Singeing with Gas ..- $6 50, 18 00

Apparatus for Singeing with Alcohol ^ $2 50, 5 00

Trocars and Canulus 3 75

Hypoderme Syringes $3 75 6 00

Silver Milk Tubes 2 00

Horse Muzzle 7 50

Small Nippers 2 25

Baldwin Bit : $2 50 to 5 00

Bit to Prevent Wind Sucking 3 00

DAVIDSON & CO:S

ANTI-CRIBBING STRAP.

This Strap is patented, and is the onl7 discovery, except the ob-
noxious muzzle, to bi-eak or p >ve;it Hordes from Cribbing or Wind-
Sucking. Recoramendf'd by Wilkes' Spikit, and Tctkf, Field ani>
Pakm. Full Directions acci mpanies e:ich Strap. Price,each,$3.00.

HORSE GOODS.

Jockey Cap, silk, any color, to order $3 50

Weiglit B>ots, per pair, Irom 4 oz. to l^lb 5 50

Boston Rein-^ ". 12 00

Holders lor Reins 3 50

Shin Bool s 6 GO

Lolling Bit 6 00

Derbv Bandages, per set of four 5 00

Knee'Boots, lor })rotecting above and below tl:e knee 10 00

Toe Boots, per pair 6 00

Spurs, per pair $1 00 to 6 00

Whips, Gutta Percha, 8 feet, $4 25; 4 feet, 2 00

PERFORATED STOCKING.

LEWIS' PATENT.
This Elastic Stocking is designed to be applied to the legs of
horses, but is especially invaluable to horses eraploj^ed for Racivo
PcRPOSES. It s ipports ihe muscles, teudons, cords, etc., and does
away eniirely with over-s raining and spraining. It needs but a
single tiial to couv nee any horseman of iis merits. The ablest and
most experienced trainers of both Runners and Tkotters pronounce
it invaluable;. Sold only in pairs, at $6 per pair.

DOG COLLARS.

Leather Dog Collars 50c. to $1 00

German Silver and Brass Dog Collars from GOc. to 2 00

WORKS ON THE DOG.

b The Dog; by D nks, Mayhew and Hutchinson. Illustrated

and edited by Frar.k Forester $3 00

r Mayhew's I'reatise on the Dog 1 00

J) Dogs and their Ways >. - 1 50

z Ti e Dog and t e Gun '. 50

z Rich.irclson r n the Dog 60

b The Dog in Health and Disease 50

PRICE LIST.

SLOW HORSES MkOE FAST,

And Fast Horses Made Paster.

I:icludin<jc aP successful secrets of professional horsemen, ex-
posures of lallacious theories and faulty appliances, tricks of
jockeys and frauds of the turt. A ^uide to breeding, raising and
training trotters, as svell as developing and improving speed of all
hor-es. Tiie System la'd dowu in t lis book is the one to which
DEXTER owes hs supremacy. ROBERT BONNER (editorial in N.
Y. Ledger) says: "A series of very interesting and instructive
articles."

" Avery readable and profitable work for breeders and trainers
of the trotting horse. Tiie work treats of the origin of the Ameri-
can trotter, the high values of fast horses, large profits from raising
them, ache'vemenrs of celebrated trotters, improvement in the
stock, how to produce the best trotters, tra-ning, shows how good
horses are spoiled by fallacious theories and faulty appliances, tells
how to make p.icers trot, and how to take cai'e of colts, and other
matters." — New York Herald.

" The interest which is tiken, and which is daily increasing, in
the improvement of horse-flesh will render this volume an exceed-
ingly acceptable one to many people. * * * Cannot fail, through
its reliability to become a stindard authority among professional
horsemen and amateurs." — N". Y. Express.

" A well written treatise on t'se history of the American trotter
and on the best method of developing speed, with the exposure of
fallacies and tricks of t'le Uuf." — N. Y. JEveiiing Mail.

"By n-) mems fulfill-; th-e promise in the title of a catchpenny
publication, but is a realy instructive treatise on the most approved
legitimate methods of develojiing the speed of horse-flesh. * * *
Every nun who is about to buy a horse had better consult this little
work bef ire deciding on his purchase." — iVe'« York Tribune.

"A very valuable and well written treatise, giv ng sketches of
several noted horses, with ])ictures from photographs, and present-
ing asystena for improving the speed of horses which appears to us
to be base I upon a clear common sense view of the matter, and
wliich has been fairly treated, with unexampled results in the case
of Dkxter." — Pomeroy''s Democrat.

'' The articles embraced in its pages will be found well worth the
cost, and no om interested in any way in horses, should bo without
a copy." — Wilkes^ Spirit of the Times.

'•Hmdsomely illustrateH. aid containsmatters which will interest
every hojsemm — especially those interested in trotting stock." —
M)0''es Rural New Yorker.

• Will have a peculiar interest for horse fanciers." — N. Y. Home
Journal.

•' Occupies on account of its merit a high place in the upper ranks
of equine literature." — N. Y. World.

I»rlce, Cloth JSinding, ^1.

10 DAVIDSON cfe CO.

THE ^^RT OF

£ Trail fi^isiiifli

By AN 01.D ANI> SUCCESSFUI. HUNTER.

A Complete and Practical Guide for the Use of the Amateur or Profes-
sional Hunter or Trapper.

This bonk will be found very valuable to those who have not had
experience in these healthy, manly and profitable pursuits. The
book is thorough in detail in every respect. The young sportsman
can learn how to use the Gun or R'fle with ease and precision, and
become an unerring shot. The mystery of making, setting and bait-
ing Traps successfully, is shown.

THE BEST METHODS OF CATCHING ALL KINDS OF FISH,

Either in the Sea, Lake or River, is told practically and understand-
ingly. The whole

Art of Managing and Training Dogs for Sporting
Purposes,

and all about the care of Skins and Furs, so that they will fetch the
highest market price, is given, with a vast amount of other valuable
information relating to the Hunter's Craft.

OOIVTEISTTS.
About Guns— How to Select a Gu.v — Bkeech-Loadebs — How to Load
X Gun— THra Art op Gunning — The Rifle and how to use it —
About Dogs— Management of Dogs— Training of Dogs— Best
Dogs for Shooters— Hunting, Gunning, Shooting — Rabbit,
Snipe, Partridge, Woodcock and Wild Fowl Shooting— Deer
and Buffalo Hunting— Trapping — How to make Traps — Set-
ting AND Baiting Tuaps— Proper Season for Trapping — Hints
TO Trappers — Specific Directions for Trapping and Snareino
ALL kinds of Birds and Animals— Fishing— Baits, Hooks, Lines,
Rods, &c — How to Catch various kinds of Fish — The Art of
Stretching and Curing Skins — Dressing and Tanning Skins and
Furs— Coloring and Dyeing Skins and Furs.

The Book is indispensable to all who delight to Fish, Hunt or
Trap, either for sport or profit. The instructions will enable any-
one to become thoroughly expert in the Sports and Pastimes of the
River, Field or Forest. Illustrations are given, where needed, to
elucidate matters, as in the construction of traps, &c.

This book will place many in a position to turn their spare time
to a very profitable account. Furs and Skins are always in de-
mand, and if properly caught and managed, sell for large prices —
I»rlee 35 Oeiits.

PRICE LIST. 11

. The Best Work on the Horse ever Published.

The Horse-Owier's Guide.

COMPLETE HORSE DOCTOR.

This is a book that should be in the bauds of every oue who owus,
works, or cares for a horse. It is a book that is needed— simple,
concise, comprehensive, reliable and practical — giving the fullest
and best Information on all matters that relate to this useful animal.

In preparing this work, the writer has provided for every possible
immergency that may occur in the horse's career. The part devoted
to the Diseases of the Horse is especially worthy of admiration,
from its clearness, pointedness, and absence of unnecessary tech-
nicalities. More practical knowledge can be obtained of the anato-
mical structure, the cause and cure of disease, and the laws that
govern and regulate health, by an hour's study, than months of
reading through a dozen volumes, each costing three times the price
of this.

ABSTRACT OF CONTENTS.

HOW TO SELECT AND PURCHASE A HORSE.

If the directions, given in this section of the work were attended
to, no one would be victimized with a poor, useless animal. The
arts and methods used at sales, and the tricks of low and disreputa-
ble dealers are thoroughly exposed.

STABIiE MANAGEMtENT.

This includes the whole art and theory of the care of horses — not
one matter is overlooked:— the care of the stable and harness;
grooming and dressing ; tbe various kinds of food ; best kind of food
for diflFerent classes of horses ; cleaning ; turning to grass ; and
much other matter of an equally important and valuable character
is given.

CONDITIOPT.
What it is, and how produced. Medicines not needed.
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF STABLES.
Full directions are given to make a perfect stable, besides many
hints well worth knowing.

SIMPLE RULES FOR SHOEING AND MANAGEMENT
OF THE FEET OF THE HORSE.

Instructions are given for shoeing horses on a very easy and sim-
ple plan ; but the only true and scientific method that ensures com-

12 DAWDsoJsr & co:s

fort and safety to the horse. It also gives receipts for foot oint-
ments, and how cutting, brushing, grogiry feet, lameness, and other
diseases of the feetmiy be avoided, and cured when contracted. —
How to shoe a lame horse.

CAUSE OF DISEASE, AND ITS PREVENTION.

The prevalent errors and overlooked circumstances. Those at
prejudice upon the horse are pointed out, and right methods
indicated.

BREAKING AND TRAINING OF HORSES.

This includes the best known meth >ds of subduing and breaking
unruly animals, and the whole art of teaching horses to perform
tricks — a very useful imd interesting chapter.

PHTSIOIiGY OF THE HORSE.

General structu-e of the hor>e-Points every horse ought to possess
—The chest— B ;ck — Shoulder— Arm— K-;e3—Lps— Teeth— Their
changes — How they indic;ite the ase of the hor^e — Tricks used to
change thfir appearance — The foot — Errors in shoeing — Age the
horse will live to— Senses of the horse. Much important knowledge
that every horse owner should know,

BREEDING. *

Wliich parent has the most influence on the colt — How determined
— Care necessar)^ at the time of first impregnation — An inferior
horse will aftect future progeny— Season of " lieat " in the mare-
Uncertainties attending breeding— How accounted for — Hereditarv
defects— Period of pregnancy—Care of a brood mare— Treatment
of the foal,

CURE OF SUCKING COLTS.
Effects of bad treatment— Heated milk of the mare— Method to
pursue — Weaning — Winter Management — Handling and Breaking. —
Harsh usage.

THE 3IARE FOR A FARITIER.
Breed — Size — Weight — Build — Character — Constitution.

DISEASES OF THE HORSE.

This chapter treats of a!l the diseases the hor.se is liable to, giving
the symptoms and the most improved method of treatment — For-
mula" of Remedies, &c. A very valuable chapter.

This work gives just the information wanted, regarding buying,
selling, bleeding, working and doctoring the horse. It gives the
best sy.stem of training ever known, the secrets of which are
frequently t^oM for much more thau we ask for the whole book. If
this book was in t':e hands cf every horse owner throu-jhout the
country an incalculable amount of money would be saved yearly,
as well'as much suffering spared this usefnl animal.

This bonk is very handsomely printed on gO'>d paper, and is illus-
trated with three very fine double-page engravings on tmted paper,
representing the points of a horse, the disenses ot tlie horse, and
the muscular system of the horse — Price 50 Cents.

PRICE LIST. 13

Art of Training Animals.

A complete guide for amateur or professional trainers, explaining
the most approved methods of the most celebratec^ and successful
trainers, thoroughly initiating the reader into all the secets of the
profession, exposing virious b'^gus " charms," &c., sold to the cred-
ulous at high prices, and telling, in fact, everything connected with
the art of breaking, taming, and training all kinds of animals. It
Includes a new and improved method of horse and colt breaking,
selectionof horses, management of farm animals, watch and sport-
ing dogs, and a complete S3's em of Circus Tricks. Besides all these,
it has a chapter on Snake Charming, chapters on Singing, Talking,
and Performing Birds, including information which is alone worth
the price of the bck to any bird owner.

An idea of the book may be gleaned from the following partial
synopsis of a few of its chapters :

Horse Taming and Horse Training. — How to manage ahorse, con-
quering vicious and breaking wild horses, kindness and firmness,
curing stubborn disposition, tlie tamers tools, to teach a horse to
stop, to teach a horse to back, to make a horse follow you, to stand
without holding, whip training, to drive without bit or bridle, to
oure balky horses, to prevent harnessed horses running away, to
instantly stop a runaway horse.

Tricfc iforses.— Ai'pliances used in teaching tricks, to teach &
horse-to sit up, to kick at command, to answer questions, to jump,
to Stand erect, to "pirouette," pedestal feat, to kiss, to fetch and
carry, to find hidden articles, to select chi|ien card, to fire pistol,
tA) d ince, to eat at table, to play hand or^an, to feign lameness, to
walk over you, &c.

Performinn Dogs — Simple trt%!fl^ and training, to teach him his
name, to le.ip, to walk erect, to dance, to jump rope, to sit and lie
down at command, to beg. to give his paw, to sneeze, to speak for
it, to fetch and carry, to bring you his tail in his mouth, to stand on
a ball and roll it up arid down a plank, to walk on stilts, to go up
and down a ladder, to stand on his head and walk on fore legs, to
"sing," lump of sugar trick, to feign death.

Wonderful Feats o/Dof/s.—Celebrated canine perf 'rmers of the
world, to teach dot^s the alphabet, to select from a number of articles
any article called for, to place any article in any place directed, or
give it to any designated person, to eat any article of food and leave
any other as he may be ordered, to play dominoes. " Munito " and
"Mile. Bianca," their wonderful performances, how they were
really acheived, tricks of exhibitors, as well as tricks of performers,
real education vs. clever deception, full details of training, canine
actors.

And OVER TWENTY Other chapters. Gives more information about
training animals in a single chapter than any other entire work. It is

14 DAVIB&OK d CO.' 8

cram full of stories and anecdotes about celebrated performing
animals, and is a most interesting and readable book, even to t'.iose
who care little for the mere secrets and instructions. Over 200
large 12mo. pages, and over 60 illustrations. Only $1.00,

Just published, and may be had by mail, post paid, on receipt of
price.

"Every man who owns an animal, from a horse to a canary bird,
should have a copy. It will teach him more in a week than he could

learn in a lifetime without it No more acceptable book could be

put into the hands of boys who live in the country It will at once

take its place as a standard work. . . .We do not know of a book bet-
ter worth the price asked for it. — New York Evening Press.

" It seems to be a guide not only to teaching the more inteUigent
of the dumb beasts good tricks, but also of breaking them of bad
ones." — Prov. Morn. Herald.

"It is highly spoken of by those capable of judging."— C/iicasro
Eve. Journal.

"Will commend itself to most readers interested in animals." —
Boston Evening Traveler.

"The anecdotes are quite amusing, and will entertain both old
and young." — Advance, Chicago.

" The general method recommended is reasonable." — Brooklyn
Daily Eagle.

"A more complete manual of the art of animal training than this
would be difficult to imagine." — iV. Y. Evening Express.

"The teachings are very clear, and the illustrations nvunerous,
leaving nothing in the dark." — American TJnion.

" With all its precision, it is by no means a purely didactic work,
but mingles with its clear directions a number of pleasant facts,
pleasantly told."— i)a2/ Book.

$250 iNFORMATfoN For 50 Cents.

By means of circulars and newspaper advertisements a thriving
business is done in selling recipes, rights to make or use wonderful
discoveries, and various secrets, &c. Some of them are good, some
worthless, some fraudulent. Many invest a few shillings or dollars
out of mere curiosity or in hopes of money making or gaining
knowledge. We have collected at costof over'$*50 all the promi-
nent of these advertised things. Their sellers we find have no ex-
clusive right to them, so we propose to give our $250 worth to
tae public in a neat little book which we call the

BOOK OF ADVERTISED WONDERS.

This gives the good, bad and indifferent,'but with comments explain-
ing the real character of each. The following list will give an idea
of the contents : •

PRICE LIST. 15

It tells you how to make vinegar in ten hours from molasses,
sorghum cider, &c., without drugs or chemicals ; American Gin
Without any Distillation at 16 cts. per pint ; Premium Mead ; Ale
Without Malt or Hops ; Cure for Asthma ; Imitation Cognac Brandy
Equal to Finest French Genuine ; Glycerine Cement ; Chinese Art
of Dwarfing Trees; How to Raise the Vinegar Plant; Bee-keeper's
Secret for Securing Fertihzation of Young Queens by any Drones
desired ; How to Secure nearly Double the Usual Product in Artifi-
cial Fish Raising ; Chemical Paint, durable and odorless, of any
color, Without Oil ; Great Waterproof Varnish for Boots and Shoes ;
Kapnophyte, the new departure in Fertilizers; Great Art of Chemi-
calizing Manure; Great Vegetable Remedy for Burns, Scalds, &c. ;
Food for Mocking Birds; Death to the Cotton Wurm ; India-rubber
Cement ; Pound of Butter from a Pint of Milk ; Ottawa Beer ; Ar-
tificial Rubber from Milkweed.

Nickel plating Without a Battery; Art of Saw-filing ; Remedy for
Love of Strong Drink ; Hunter's Secrets and Private Guide to Trap^
pers; "Mad Stones," how to find, how to Prepare, and how to use
the great natural remedy for bites of poisonous or rabid animals ;
Seltzer Aperient; Excelsior Axle Grease ; A^ of Sharpening Saws;
Magical British Washing Powder; Printers' liadispensable. Improv-
ing and Drying Inks of all kinds and colors— greatest help to good
printing ever invented; Imperial Fly Paper, or " catch 'em alive
oh!" Soluble Blues, or Liquid Blueing; English Harness Blacking ;
Preserving Grapes in their Natural Condition all Winter; How to
make Brandy from Shavings; Apple Butter Without Apples; Old
Orchards Made New, Kainite, or Tree Medicine ; Safety Gunpowder;
One Hundred Pounds of Soap for One Dollar ; How to Keep Apples
Fresh and Sound all Winter; Tyler's Permeating Powder; How to
Restore Vitality of Seeds; Hunter's Secret; How to Make Money
from Tomatoes ; Chinese Art of Catching Fish ; Infallible Remedy
for Potato Rot; Liquid Black Lead Polish ; "All Farmers and Horse
Owners ;" Barrel of Soft Soap for 75 cts.; Dead Shot for Rose Slugs ;
Scrofula Ointment; Rat KiUing Without Traps or Poison; Baking
Powder ; Maple Sugar Without Maple Trees.

Fifty Methods of Making Money; Fire-proof Paint; Premium
Black Writing Ink ; Magic Copying ; Vegetable Salve ; Counterfeit
Detector ; Art of Painting on Glass ; Celebrated Chemical Com-
pound; Hunter's Secret; Soft Soap; Starch Polish; Cider Better
than from Apples, and Not Intoxicating; Rheumatic Liniment;
Magnetic Ointment; Indian Pills; Red Ink; Blue Ink; Indelible
Ink, Without Preparation ; Luminous Ink; Red Ruling Ink; Yellow
Ink; Invisible Ink; Waterproof Composition ; Gunpowder ; Shaving
Soap ; Hard Solder ; Soft Solder ; Silver Plating Fluid ; Great Pain
Extractor; Matches; Horse Taming; Oil-paste Blacking; Metals
Preserved from Rust ; Sealing Wax; Cologne Water; Hair Restora-
tive; Curling Liquid f)r the Hair; Excelsior Hair Oil ; Celebrated
Tooth Powder; Cough Syrup; Universal Liniment; Brick Paint;
Wood Paint; Best Varnish; Leather Varnish ; Almond Soap ; Fancy
Soap ; Non-explosive Burning Fluid ; Florida Water ; Macassar Oil;
Lavender Perfumed Water : Buffalo Oil.

Sun-light Oil; Corassa Compound; Inman's Cure for Nervous

16 DAVIDSON & CO:S

Weakness, &c. : Clover Vinegar; Curing Pork Without Bri no ; Sure
and Safe Hemedy for Warts; Electric Blacking; How to Add 50 per
cent to Yield of Grain at Trifling Labof and Expense ; Hardening
Gloss for Pi-inter's Inks; Whiskers in Six Weeks; Beautiful Art of
Transferring any kind of Pictures to Gl iss ; Grent American Wash-
ing Flu d; Liebig's Great Fertilizer; Gilding Without a Battery;
Water Witcliing, or Art ot Finding Hidden Water, Oil, or other
valuable Fluids, Beneath the Ground wiili t!:e FoikedSwitch ; Yeast
from Grape Leaves; How to Soften Hard Water; Butte-- Without
Milk or Cream— artificial butter that cannot be told from genuirfl;
Chinese Cure for Neuralgia; Pain Pant; Artficial S^-iuj'S lor Soda
Water, and a Secret for Adding Largely to Profits ; M'^at Preserving
in Hot Weather; Bordeaux Wine Imitation; Art of Waterprorfing
Cloth; Phycnmetic Fascination, or Art of Soul Charming; Co ored
Fires for theatrical and other purpose-^; Boiler Incrustation Pre-
ventive ; Yeireiable Cure for Hs'droiihobia; Egg Preserving Secret;
Laundry Secrets ; Art of Pickling Meat in One Day. One hundred
pages. Price Fifty Cents,

Address all orders :

DAVIDSON & CO.,

86 Nassau Street,

I=*. O. IBosi 229G. NEW YOEK CITY.

OXJK- TEK,]>XS.

Orders less than $5 must be accompanied by the money. Orders
amounting to $5, and over, will be sent C. 0. D. (collect on delivery)
If desired, but k deposit of 10 per cent, must accompany order, at
curri.-^k if by redstered letter. Except to the Territories, where
orders less than $25 must be accompanied by the money, and on or-
ders over $25, sent C. 0. D., a deposit of 25 percent, will be required
to insure express charges and fi eight in case goods are n"t taken.
A written guarantee from Express Agent that goods will be taken
will answer the same as deposit.-

When ordering by telegraph make your deposit with Express
Agent, who will order for you.

Parlies will find it cheaper to forward full amount with their or-
der, as all collections are subject to charges for returning money.
Rpmiitances can be made with perfectsafety by Draft, Money-Order
or Registered Letter.

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