“Who kills a man kills a reasonable creaturex~xbut he Who destroysa good book, kills reason itself.” Milton SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 89 OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAURIA IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM / WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE GENUS STEGOSAURUS BY CHARLES WHITNEY GILMORE Assistant Curator of Fossil Reptiles, United States National Museum uae AotHs onos Wo RAING TON SY y WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1914 ett + Bui IAN ~ Wes aT =i 2 Ee, IBRASSS ’ j BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 55-95 bet tse“ TssvuED) DECEMBER 31, 1914. ADVERTISEMENT. The scientific publications of the United States National Museum consist of two series, the Proceedings and the Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original, and usually brief, papers based on the collections of the National Museum, presenting newly acquired facts in zoology, geology, and anthropology, including descriptions of new forms of animals, and revisions of limited groups. One or two volumes are issued annually and distributed to libraries and scientific organizations. A limited number of copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, is distributed to specialists and others interested in the different subjects as soon as printed. The date of publication is printed on each paper, and these dates are also recorded in the tables of contents of the volume. The Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of sepa- rate publications comprising chiefly monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treaties (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, and catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, etc. The majority of the volumes are octavos, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. Since 1902 aseries of octavo volumes containing papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum, and known as the mae the National Herba- rium, has been published as bulletins. The present work forms No. 89 of the Bulletin series. RicHarp RATHBUN, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, In charge of the United States National Museum Wasuineton, D. C., November, 18, 1914. Ii TABLE OF CONTENTS. Tm trod uc tom ses ets orb ces) ee seg sig sel e eaeeia a tare eee meee = SELeGint 25 oe Ree a See ne 2.5 @ccurrenceland historys sane ae este esas ia cee, Hees ef aeais cmsoicie sores JHE Eee eee EC istoryrol@uarnyalsieser ase ese cee te See cnn a en hl\ Ea te legs es cet arse eee LEE IUOM O)d ite Hodes Cao aG Nese oe ee See Seen ate te a ae ee maa eee seacas cHane i stonysOn @ uarrypN Gms) era mercer te (ook, ule aS reo ep aera Pepto es Accs Sh tye ee Pla mlotsworkey ss Sapice ys eres er eras soe ee dee ie cpa aa Sie aay opeealeegel ate a) 215 aha yaucpevarese re EPS BOY UU ULES PSs Se Bee Biers cs SIA ee Eng ean ERR TA IRE RS RIE OTT PSs ATS EIEN 3 Oe Es SUUMIMIAy Oy Ceninell WENO Spa scones sosacodsad osocemasdsodeaeuesauccossussacl sanane Knownlelementsioithe|Stegosaurianiskull22eee esses ee Peer eee ee eee ree ae eee eee ID eran nO nes stesacaasseecds BAe nN cae tener a ee REO cnc Cornet aneO aa Basloce pital sos nee as sos ays oy tetas eis Soap arsine eee yee EEE Ree xoccipitalvandskaraocelpitallssese-epce= eee seer ee eee eee ree eee eae eee eee ee SUPraocelpltal oe eters seers See Cee SS ee eee ae Na en iBasisphenoidjand: Presphenoideenssssseeeee seen eer eee e ee ee ee Pee arene Alisphenoid.........-. Be BOC e a aE RE ORR ee eri alten bere AEE L Veneta Ma ana Orbitosphenoid ness oer rere ana Sea ya ae eer cites op pe Ne IRATIOtAL serascves as ieee teks Ce a eee OEE Eee Eee eEBEn ath aa noo net tee TOTO) ie ae ede de eens Seen e ae esac c deere Wer arera a Nee meee ein! nan nos is aawe MPos torby titel epee capers a eee po ee eae er ap LUN Sey apg VER Raye AKO 6 Seeces aceiet RieOt teRT STRESS ERIE STI EEO Se Scr aie aA Reason eA ART Seen EN SSS SO (en igeoy e Gee sodas aan eT end ss soe Nee ase Hew e RBesHe BEACH HARA SHE NEE panBAcidn as aluGne IRtenyeoldshereeer ee enee a pact ace sos pai ae pdacuscu nO ERBaBeb Se ueeE AER uaa elonasacase DEE EW ARS se Ce Berea ee Gee SS eee neater Ree AZ see eae IN PIP LEnyCOl dsene lasers rin eee ore Pa nea ane sre eee lecio eS aIRS EISEN pee Meastremen tarolis Kull ie cele sy eis ace aa yet tener 1 ee ye eel DRO STR vi TABLE OF CONTENTS. Osteology of Stegosaurus—Continued. External openings in the skull— Page. Supratem poral ‘fossae: 422255. 5 coe oe asl eae eee Siam ea ee a eee ee = eee 40 infra temporal! fossae®= . 2. fe ht sce SAU EF. SER ERE Or eon See en ee eee 40 Orbitalicavitleshe. Messe ys epee ees Sete een oS SCTE eR oe Re 41 PAM LETH OF MATES aA See ers eS Se Se ee Lea Ey Ly, ere ee CLE Paar Sige ee 4) IRosteri Or DATES Ss: sses saa Ao RS Sate NSS eS SA ey SS ars 41 Pac] a GLT] WAC ULTLES Sa 5 se ea sera Ne ero ee 41 WOTAMEN MAGNUM seys/ el =) 5 Pops ees eee SS Se ee lereis Pere eae 41 OSS Or O eT UTA yf te Ns hess hay RR PCI hot Oy I SES A a a ey ea 41 1B gr ka esse es A oa ee ee aC Pee ey ee ed ee ESA ry 6 Ege 43 Meets eer ars AS SaaS SE See BEES eo Or ee 44 Wertebral icolummn so:a3. 32 Soi oe Seen 8S oe See SSE SOS IS ee 45 NA ESSA Sie a a a ae a era 2 LR Ste a ces. PVE sy ire Se Oe Bt ce ee 45 15X13 eae ea pen pee) Reape Ss aa Sc, Ee le ee Me se vans so 2 47 @envacalsposterior tothe axis sos = sss. --------.-------- 80 45. Comparative views of Stegosaurus femora, front views....-.-------:------ See aces 81 46. Left femur of Stegosaurus ungulatus Marsh, front views...-...-..--.------------------- 82 47. Left tibia and fibula of Stegosaurus wngulatus Marsh, front view. .......--.----------- 84 43 Richt tibia ol Stegosaurusisp.. Gistal VieWr a--sessee ee ae ae = oe eee eee 85 49 Astracalusiot Stegosaunus sp:.) proximall-view = css - oss ec eee «2 see eee eee 86 50.. Calcaneum of Stegosaurus sp., lateral and front views........-..-.---------1--------- 87 51. Metatarsal of Stegosaurus ungulatus Marsh, side and front views....--....---------- eee 88 52. Right hind foot of Stegosaurus sp., ‘Superior view -..--.--.-------------+-22-----<---- 89 53. Vestigal) metatarsal of Stegosaurus sp:,side view.4-- 22 42190242] see ee eee eee 89 54. Ungual of Stegosaurus sp., front, side, and posterior views. ---./.----.2.------------- 90 55. Gular ossicle of Stegosaurus ungulatus Marsh, superior side and inferior views--.--.---- 91 56. Tubercular spine of Stegosaurus ungulatus Marsh, superior, inferior and end views. -.--- 92 57. Nuchal plate of Stegosaurus sulcatus Marsh, side and posterior views....-...---.:------- 92 58. Diagram showing plates and caudal vertebrae of Siegosaurus stenops Marsh, as und ILLUSTRATIONS. XI Page. Fre. 59, Caudal spines of Stegosaurus ungulatus Marsh, side, iront, basal, and sectional views. -.- 94 60. Caudal spines of four species of Stegosaurus, side views...-...-...-------------------- 95 GIeSectionlofthemechksols teqosaunt.s eae ae eee ene eee ee ee eee 97 G2e Sectionlonthehinumigole Stcgosatiyts == seeeee eee ere eee eee eee eee Ee ee eee aren oe 98 63. Section of the proximal part of the tail of Ore SBE ND SAL acti ei ee ee eae 98 64. Section of the distal portion of the tail of Stegosaurus. . as Le etal ere Peete 99 65. Dermal spines of Stegosaurus sulcatus Marsh, front view. - eee ts 110 66. Dermal spines of Stegosaurus longispinus Gilmore, side and acley views. Seas See secre Hl 67. Caudal vertebrae of Stegosaurus longispinus Gilmore, side and end views...-..-.-..-.-- 112 68. Right femur of Stegosaurus longispinus Gilmore, front view...........----------------- 113 69. Femur of Hoplitosaurus marshi (Lucas), front, back, and sidé views -.......-.--------- 116 70. Dermal scutes of Hoplitosaurus marshi (Lucas), top and cross-sectional views. . .-.--.-. 119 71. Dermal plate of Hoplitosawrus marshi (Lucas), side and hack views.......-----.------- 120 72. Restoration of Polacanthus fori Hulke, after Nopcsa........-..-..--.------------------ 121 73. Dermal spine of a Ceratopsian ? dinosaur, side, front, and top views..--.-.--..--.------- 122 OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAURIA IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE GENUS STEGOSAURUS. By Cuartes Watney GiLMore, Assistant Curator of Fossil Reptiles, United States National Museum. INTRODUCTION. In 1877 Prof. O. C. Marsh described the first Stegosaurian fossils found on this continent. In a series of short papers appearing at irregular intervals up to the year 1897, he presented the more important facts relating to the osteological struc- ture and the relationships of the genus Stegosaurus. Of more recent years the principal contributions to our knowledge of this dinosaur have been through the work of Dr. F. A. Lucas, director of the American Museum of Natural History, but formerly of the United States National Museum, and Prof. R. S. Lull, of Yale University. In the present paper it is proposed to give for the first time a detailed account of the osteological structure of Stegosaurus, to be followed by systematic descrip- tions of all the type-specimens of that genus and other armored dinosaur remains contained in the United States National Museum collections. With one excep- tion the present work is based entirely upon National Museum material, the exception being a specimen generously loaned me several years ago by Mr. W. H. Reed, of the University of Wyoming, and here described as the type of a new species. The collections in the United States National Museum were secured largely through the United States Geological Survey, which financed the explorations so energetically carried on by field parties under the direction of the late Prof. Othniel Charles Marsh. The material at hand includes the remains of several individuals, each of which represents a considerable part of the skeleton; also a vast number of separate bones. Of the associated skeletons the type of Stegosaurus stenops Marsh is worthy of especial mention, since it represents the most perfect specimen of the genus yet discovered and the only one known that gives positive evidence as to the arrange- ment of the dermal armor. As contributing to our knowledge of the Stegosauria it ranks with the mummified carcass of Trachodon of more recent discovery and exploitation.1 When the Marsh collection was received at the National Museum in 1898 and 1899 a very small part of the Stegosaurian material was in condition for study. The preparation of this material was begun in 1906 and has continued, barrmg some interruptions, up to the close of the year 1913. All of the known Stegosaurus 1H. F. Osborn, Memoirs Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., new ser., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1912, pp. 33-54. 1 2 BULLETIN 89, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSSHUM. specimens in the collection have been prepared and are now available to the student and for exhibition purposes. The greater part of the early work in the preparation. of these fossils was done by Mr. N. H. Boss and myself, but that of later years has been carried on by Messrs. N. H. Boss, C. V. Bressler, and G. B. Giles, and I can not too highly commend the diligence, patience, and skill employed by them in extracting these fossils, often of a delicate nature, from a most refractory matrix. Many of the wash drawings which are reproduced here through the courtesy of the United States Geological Survey were made by the late Mr. Frederick Berger and were prepared under the direction of the late Prof. O. C. Marsh. The later drawings are nearly all the work of Mr. Rudolph Weber. The photographs were made by Mr. T. W. Smillie, of the United States National Museum. OCCURRENCE AND HISTORY. The extensive collection of Stegosaurian remains in the National Museum has, with few exceptions, been obtained from two important, though widely separated, fossil deposits. These are Quarry 13, located in Albany County, Wyoming, and Quarry No. 1, in Fremont County, Colorado. The former, I may say without fear of contradiction, was the source of the greatest accumulation of Stegosaurian remains ever discovered, and from the latter has been obtained the wonderfully complete skeleton of Stegosaurus stenops (No. 4934, United States National Museum), in addition to many other valuable specimens. Although the history of these quarries has been given in previous articles, it is thought advisable to append a brief review of their discovery, location, and the methods employed in working them, in order to complete the present record. History or Quarry 13. With the specimens upon which a portion of the present paper is based were many of the original field labels, on which the locality is given as ‘‘Quarry No. 13, 8 miles east of Como, Wyoming.”’ Como was formerly a station on the Union Pacific Railroad, situated at the foot of the historic Como Bluff, but this section of the track was abandoned in 1898, and the station has long since ceased to exist. In response to an inquiry made of Mr. W. H. Reed, of Laramie, Wyoming (the original discoverer), as to the history of the discovery of this deposit of fossils, he writes: In August, 1879, I could see the end of Quarry No. 10, where the type of Brontosaurus excelsus Marsh was found, so I took one of my men, Mr. E. G. Ashley, and we started out east from the main bluff (or Como-bluff). On the fourth day of our search, in the afternoon, being in the lowest of the Jura bone horizon, we found some hollow bones in the wash and soon after discovered the quarry. The first bones to be taken up was a nearly complete skeleton of Allosaurus. After this skeleton had been taken out, we found large quantities of Stegosaurus and Camptosaurus bones. This quarry was entirely differ- ent from any other Jurassic quarry I have ever seen, the matrix being a fine quality of sand. * * * There were also numerous small tubes with an outer crust of calcite. These were nearly uniform in size and about one-half inch in diameter. There were no large dinosaur bones found in this quarry, but it seemed to be a favorite resort for the smaller species. * * * The quarry was cut through by two gulches, and that portion on the west side of the west gulch was called 13 west, that part between the gulches was 13 east, and that on the east side of the east gulch was 133. This is as I started the work, and I believe Brown continued this plan. * * * I find in my old notebooks the original locations that were filed in 1879 in order to hold it from trespassers. OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAURIA. 3 An inclosure in the above letter shows the quarry to have been located in the northeast quarter of section 5, township 22 north, of range 76 west, Albany County, Wyoming. Under the supervision of Mr. Reed, at that time employed by Prof. O. C. Marsh, Quarry No. 13 was worked for the remainder of the season of 1879 and during the summers of 1880, 1881, and 1882. In 1883 further excavations were made under the direction of Mr. J. L. Kenney, and in 1884, Mr. Fred Brown as- sumed charge of the explorations, which were continued uninterruptedly until the autumn of 1887, when the quarry was abandoned as exhausted. The fossils in Quarry 13 were found in a stratum of sandy clay, as I have de- termined from the matrix still adhering to the bones, and as indicated in the sec- tion (fig. 1) made by Brown. This layer is intercalated between bands of marl or clay, green below and brownish above, all three lying between layers of sand- stone. All are tilted at a considerable angle from the horizontal. The correla- tion of this layer with other fossil horizons in this region of Wyoming is discussed in a preylous arti- cle on the Osteol- ogy of Campto- saurus, etc.* Plan of work.— The fossils coliect- ed from Quarry No. 13 prior to 1882 are now pre- served in the col- lection of the Yale University Museum, while the specimens resulting from the later excavations (the expense of collecting having been defrayed by the United States Geological Survey) are in the paleontological collections of the United States National Museum. Rough sketch maps of the quarry were made by Reed, on which he indicated the relative positions of all of the important bones found. Unfortunately only a, few of these are now available. Later Brown formulated a more detailed plan of recording the relative positions of the specimens uncovered. The quarry was divided (see fig. 2) into what he designated diagrams, beginning with No. 1 and ending with No. 13. In some cases it is found that one diagram represented a season’s work, while in other instances several diagrams were worked out in one year, probably due to the varying number of fossils found in the different sections. The diagrams were subdivided into 2-foot squares and, the maps being platted on the scale of 2 feet to the inch, bones as found could be accurately located on them. Each bone or group of bones (when taken up in one block) was given a quarry number, the bones found in each diagram beginning with number 1 (except diagrams 2 and 3) and continuing serially for all of the specimens in that section. The number being placed on a label with the specimens as well as on the map, the- precise position of a bone in relation to those found near it could be quickly and accurately determined when the specimens reached the laboratory. A compilation Fic. 1.—SECTION OF QUARRY 13. MaApbE BY Mr. FRED BROWNIN 1884. 1C, W. Gilmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, 1999, pp. 297-301. 4 BULLETIN 89, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. of these diagrams was made in 1909 as shown in figure 2. A detailed map of ‘Quarry 13” with sketch drawings of the bones found in the different diagrams is shown in plate 37. There was no datum whereby diagrams 9 and 10 could be accurately located and the area worked by Reed can only be indicated in a general way. The list given below rep- resents the fauna of. this quarry. N 1879, 1880, FRED Brown. DrNosavRia. *Stegosaurus ungula- tus Marsh. *8. sulcatus Marsh. S. stenops Marsh. *Diracodon _ laticeps Marsh = Stegosau- rus stenops Marsh. *Camptosaurus dispar Marsh. *C. medius Marsh. *C. nanus Marsh. *C. brown Gilmore. C. depressus Gilmore. COMPILED FROM DIAGRAMS MADE BY MR. a al i=] a a = & S = a Z =) ° = os = oo oO oO = g mH iS} Zz Zz a i) > a = & 5 a Z P ° = 1, 2,38, AND 4, DIAGRAMS ONE TO FouR WoRKED BY BROWN IN 1884; 5, DIAGRAM FIvE, 6, DIAGRAM SIX, WORKED BY BROWN IN 1885; 7, 8, 11, AND 12, DIAGRAMS SEVEN, EIGHT, ELEVEN, AND TWELVE, WORKED BY SHOWING THE RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE DIAGRAMS AS WORKED BY MEssRs. REED, KENNEY, AND BROWN FoR Pror, O. C. MARSH, SEy *Dryosaurus altus eas Marsh. cE Sg *Coelurus fragilis ales Marsh. E83 * Morosaurus lentus 8 g Marsh. Bete Morosaurus sp. <28 Allosaurus sp. Z CHELONIA. is Glyptops _ plicatulus (Cope). CROCODILIA. Goniopholis sp. PISCEs. Not determinable. [Those marked with an asterisk (*) rep- resent type-specimens.] The list to follow is a complete record of all the bones found in diagrams 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, and 13 of Quarry 13 between the years 1883 and 1887, inclusive. By the aid of these lists with the map (pl. 37) the 1881, AND 1882; Qu. 134 Is ONLY RELATIVELY LOCATED, BEING ON THE EAST SIDE OF EAST GULCH. BROWN IN 1886; 18, DIAGRAM THIRT WorKED BY BROWN IN 188 FROM 1879 To 1887, INCLU. Fig. 2.—MAp oF QUARRY 1; OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAURIA, 5 evidence for the association of the scattered parts of various individuals is graph- ically portrayed to the reader. Articulated and otherwise closely associated ele- ments, where there is reason for believing they pertain to one individual, are given a single catalogue number. In some few instances quite widely separated bones have been thus catalogued on the evidence, as in the case of limb bones representing opposite sides and of the same dimensions, same degree of rugoseness of the points of muscular insertion, and of the articular ends, etc. This procedure has in some cases probably resulted in a wrong association of parts, but the verification of these determinations can now be readily made by any future student. The following tables give the bones found in Quarry 13, and are arranged according to the diagrams shown in fig. 2. Fossil bones found in diagram 1, Quarry 13. Original | CuaTEY Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks. 1 | Cervical vertebra..........---- Stegosaurus. -........-- Cat. No. 7360. 2 |bcisod GINS S paneconasaeocsdadesse boned (ye Speschcacascsse Do. 3 | Fragment of dorsal vertebra. ..}..._. GOs esd scene eeeas Discarded. 4 | Base of dermal plate..........|--... GOs hese ass Cat, No. 7617. 5)” || Coracoid right=aae-- <= - 2-2-2. - Stegosaurus....-..-..- Cat. No. 7345. 6) 9) tliumy right]: seee--- 2 =e Camptosaurus dispar ...| Cat. No. 7651. G || AnekaG tH ee oocdscesedes Discarded. 8 | Dorsal centrum .| Not catalogued. Of eras m entaseacesee ee eee Discarded. 10 | Distal half of a rib Not identified. ll Discarded. 12 Do. 13 Do. 14 Do. 15 Do. 16 | Fragment of rib Do. T7MtScapulasletts ses. essee seca Camptosaurus dispar ..| Cat. No. 5955. AS) e@Rragment i. 32220 seo eo eer (re cere cists Seles sine es Discarded. TE) |Bceed GEES Goodesnbasonnbaceaaaod suanocrcencseesdedooodse Do. P eoaee Gs coosacoacaodoadqneseead bacoudaasaueddousueesoud Do. OA I eoaed (i Wa Ghodansscscnadscasonaud Kqrnesedkesocuemadedaboes Do. 22 | Proximal end of rib........-.. Stegosaurus. =------=- Cat. No. 7357. Oia) AE Yat ogaagasHobennascoSbd SocEEoeaocondoSSdeScoCooe Discarded. 23 | eee Cb cacccsosessseese Do. 24 | Portion of atlas........ Stegosaurus. .....----. Cat. No. 7725. 25 | Terminal phalanx. ..........-. Camptosaurus......--. Cat. No. 5962. 261m) | |Cervicalinibtec--ssseesceoe see. Stegosaurus.......--.- Cat. No. 7616. 27 | Process of dorsal vertebra.....].-..- Gh Sa ncecoccescsane Cat. No. 7707. 287 | rapmoentsesmecesee nascent | eaee coe eee eee eee ae Discarded. 29 | Proximal half of rib........... Stegosaurusi-n2-- 5). - Cat. No. 7728. 30) |) Distal/halfiofirib. ----2.5--2---|.---- (Che aseacdoorcceed Do. eal HVA Lele)s( beooer Sedna asaceeesd aesancaseons Rar sCURCE SET Not identified. O2) | ehalan xe -fee ence lca inet Camptosaurus......... Cat. No. 5962. done] Dorsaliribssssse=eee= .| Stegosaurus. --....-.-- Cat. No. 7728. 34 | Caudal centrum............... Sauropod dinosaur....| Not catalogued. opie Cenvicalirib ssietiee cer cse ate Stegosaurus.......---- Cat. No. 7616. 36m PEragmoent sy) 2 ti aecnece en ma | porte soci soe eee Discarded. GY) lAaood (OS aorloncEnbonode nS a uobed nabocsbdceecocousuacuete Do. BE | Eoced (105 Socounsboonsoaddconoods luc ossunancnscescaccaskod Do. 51873°—Bull. 89 —14——2 BULLETIN 89, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Fossil bones found in diagram 1, Quarry 13—Continued. Original auaEy, Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks. BE) SeSececaae i emeRocCoc HEU bAaOmeH ISHaSSAAcSaeeRCRaacunons Not found. FO | Wo kad HeS ARORA GOEN ASAE A RABE Sel Mpcats esas SMC rEmaas Do. ANN ME EE ow acta caste ee sjloge ene Stes se seen Do. 42 seleischium ri eh tase eee ae Stegosaurus. --..-.-.--- Cat. No. 7356. 43°) | Dorsalivertebras-=222--522<--| aes CWS po eqoenesasAnose Cat. No. 7707. 44 | Portion of huinerus........--- Sauropod dinosaur....| Discarded. Fossil bones found in diagram 2, Quarry 18. Original | quarry Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks. Nos. | 45 | Caudal Wanterior=ss2ac2 cess Stegosaurus. ..-...--.-| Cat. No. 7814. 46m Menalanke sass sec ee se oee eee Campiosaurus ......--- Cat. No. 7813. Fossil bones found in diagram 3, Quarry 18. | Original | quarry Name of bone. | Name of animal. Remarks. Nos. | | “5 47a RPteceiofiriber ss osessosae Sse | Sauropod dinosaur... -- Discarded. 485 | |Saae GOS Sasso eee since ae |hvee cosa eae eared Do. 49) eR ragm ents ssseeeee ace ae [ec eye ae See eae Do. 59 | Tops of sacral spines. .........| Stegosaurus. -......-.-- Not catalogued. 51 Discarded. 52 Do. 53 -| Not found. 54 Discarded. 55 Not found. 56 Do. | 57 | Discarded. 58 Do. 59) iWragment=-2- 22 scs sees Do. 60 | Caudal, transverse process. . - - Not catalogued. Gil; | PE racmen tame ssse seamen oa Do. 62 | Fragment of lium. -...-...--. Do. 63] Sacral‘centrum. -.:::22222-2-2. Cat. No. 7815. Fossil bones found in diagram 4, Quarry 13. Original quarry Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks. Nos. 1 Cat. No. 7735. 2 Do. 3 Do. 4 Discarded. 5 | Top of sacral spines--.-.------ Stegosaurus.-..-..---- Cat. No. 7734. OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAURIA, Fossil bones found in diagram 4, Quarry 13—Continued. Original x uarry Name of bore. Name of animal. Remarks. os. Terminalphalanx: =< 2° --2----.-=--<-- Camptosaurus..-.-- Cat. No. 7732. Dorsalicen trum ess sses tease eee Stegosaurus... .-- Cat. No. 7791. Cat. No. 7734. Discarded. Cat. No. 5824. Cat. No. 7766. ao om Do. 5 Cat. No. 5823. 16; |); RracmentsSe esse ees e soe eS oslo aeons | Sa SOR OTe Samoa Discarded. 17 | Scapula and coracoid, left Cat. No. 5954. £88 |eD orsal process sees see see eee eee nas [seen Cat. No. 7766. Caudal process Stegosaurus....--- Cat. No. 7823. Morosaurus....--- Cat. No. 7817. Cat. No. 7711. SSS CEE EEL SOS CEO CECE EEE OOGY aan e anes aaa Discarded Do. Boone Cat. No. 7817. CRESS BAS CC AHA AR ISH Discarded. Do. Rracment ofilinmes sss eee ee Cat. No. 7817. Caudalivertebratsss-ss-2- =) cece ne eee Do. Caudal vertebra and chevron penal, Do. BULLETIN 89, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Fossil bones found in diagram 4, Quarry 13—Continued. Original quarry Nos. Name of bone. Name of animal. 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 Caudal vertebra, fragmentary IBTAgMen tee ase soe eoeee ee eee Dermal plate Tag MON th cee: Sa cscec eee nee arene Caudalivertebra---------=-----e-- soa iDermaliossiclesSocee- esses eee ee eee Caudal centrum latus. Stegosaurus ? Camptosaurus...-- Stegosaurus... .--- cont Meng Stegosaurus.....-- Not identified. .... Remarks. Cat. No. 7817. | Do. Not cata- logued. Not found. Cat. No. 6099. .| Discarded. Cat. No. 6099. Do. Cat. No. 7822. Cat. No. 7818. Discarded. Cat. No. 7735. Do. Cat. No. 7822. Discarded. Do. Cat. No. 7796. Do. Do. Discarded. Cat. No. 7947. Cat. No. 7796. OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAURIA. & Fossil bones found in diagram 4, Quarry 13—Continued. Remarks. Original CUES) Name of bone. Name of animal. TS Candalicentrum reste s eee see Not identified... 11.2) MRragment Janse eos tee eee eee sat erie SH Pama GOS a sedoeeactnae ones eetenae sane teen owes ceee as 1149) Cervicalivertebraeeces-. 22 - assesses ee Stegosaurus....--- 1h) een Clea conesocsade 116 | Fragment 117 | Basal part of skull and other fragments.| Camptosaurus....- LIS) ragmion tee eece eens cee se eae aee | eerie se teeeaes 119 | Top of dorsal spine----.....--...------ Stegosaurus. ....-- 120) | eRragments< ose = Soe see eee nd ese eee eee 121 | Caudal centrum (anterior). ....-...--. Stegosaurus... ---- 122 | Fragment of dorsal rib.........-...-..|----- Cosaee eee sets 123}|/(Cervicalvertebra=.-...-2-------2=2=-- Stegosaurus ungu- latus. 124 | Dorsal vertebra (anterior) --.....-.--. Camptosaurus - - -- 125) pWrapment soc -c seen cesens oe seo |e momen aan aes 1265) See dows Sass ce asa aed 2 SE oe ee 127) RCaudalicentrumeass see eens ease see Stegosaurus ...--.- 128 FRoprolicaudalispineseee see eee ree eee ae Gh ansanaaacad 129))| Pitragmentc- sec. sees gene eos se ses |e seo ee ee nee 130} pEracm ent of skullSaeseseee tees eee sees |p eeeet eee eee eee ASIG tSacraliribssessce coe eee ese ae eee Stegosaurus... --- 132) forsacralicentraweas ee eeeseee ee sea e eee meee Cl Samo sasosues 133 | Caudal spine, anterior..-....--..-.-.-|----- dori eeccr eds 134)\\@Process)to\dorsal\s-- 52 ..-+-2---2222e2ee|-6--= (bo) Boscacdansad TEES |) TL) eH hae hee baabancoeacalosacd dotaas cea at 136) |PRrsemion tiofirib ee sece see coe sees eres pecmite ee a eeee eee 137) (yRrapmentie sos sene sesh cc cos seer as eects ena ee 138 | Metatarsals II, III Camptosaurus na- nus. 139 | Fragment of dermal plate........._.-. Stegosaurus... .--- IEW) |) 18Gb atts Se conaceceosssoueccoacd|eeeed doza= ste 141 | Process to dorsal vertebra........-....|----- (ele osostenes 142 | Portion of cervical rib 143) Cervical vertebras-2-- /-2--.---2---=-- 1449} Cervicaliprocesseemsea sense nee ee eee Stegosaurus... ---- 145} || Portionof.dorsaliribe-.-----2--22---22|s2--= (@sbacatoLesed 1465 PEragmen besecmsas ese citer ee es 1473|\Dop dorsal’spine= 8200. --5--4---e-e eae 148i Sacraliribes 2 Sete t tec oe oe non tl eens Gobesse ease 149} | PRadiustlettseesesersesee ees eee see eee Stegosaurus stenops 150) | Wilnas lefties a a2-seee os ses sees seen eS dots a seo ees 151) |Phragment =o noses n so. asec eee cae |eniyo soe iso ee es T52hiRCernvicalicentrumas se secon eee Stegosaurus.....-- Cat. No. 7796. Discarded. Do. Cat. No. 7353. Do. Discarded. Cat. No. 5997. Discarded. Do. Do. Cat. No. 7765. Discarded. Cat. No. 7348. Cat. No. 7727. Discarded. Do. Cat. No. 7358. Not cata- logued. Discarded. Not cata- logued. Cat. No. 7346. Do. Not cata- logued. Cat. No. 7716. Not cata- logued. Discarded. Do. Cat. No. 5960; on mounted skeleton. Discarded. Cat. No. 7611. Cat. No. 7716. Not cata- logued. Cat. No. 6001; on mounted skeleton of C. browni. Cat. No. 7354. Cat. No. 7731. Discarded. Not cata- logued. Cat. No. 7787. Cat. No. 4929. Do. Discarded. Cat. No. 7639. BULLETIN 89, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Fossil bones found in diagram 4, Quarry 18—Continued. Original CUAIEY, Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks. 453t|\Uraementofiribesep eee. eee seas | seen ee wee eeae ae Discarded. 15 4y| PRragmen tenes si eas see cite ca | he cera a eee rear Do. 155) Fe (i Mosctiondosinosoecbusadosanoonatond banucocosddaboctoaar Do. 156 | Proximal half of rib, left ...........-.- Stegosaurus....--- Cat. No. 7731. L5Tsi Prag mMentiouripee seers Nee celta ceees | aes Gliirercoeouss Do. 158 | Portion of thoracic rib............-...|----- (CMcaacedaqced Do. 159 | Fragment of dermal plate...........-.|-.--- GC Bascesceocaa Discarded. 160 | Portion of dorsal rib Cat. No. 7781. 161}; Cervical centrum. ---.;.--.------:---:- Cat. No. 7639. 162 | Posterior cervical rib Cat. No. 7780. 1633n Mragment._-c-ccceeoreee 4. s 2-2 2 22 | Soe eee eee eae Discarded. 164))| Portion of(cervicalirib:-- 3... .-.--2.-.- Stegosaurus......- Cat. No. 7788. 165) |(ragmentieteeepecces hs- scises so see |se ccs os ee ee eee Discarded. 1663) Seen: CBB ar EA SssRaceaceEhanseeeeaEsecs Saaadapaceassesusedc Do. 167 | Cervical vertebra.......-..-. Stegosaurus... -.-- Cat. No. 7355. _168 | Caudal centrum (anterior)............|..--- Oe ee. Jeers Cat. No. 7638. A6OpeScapulalefteemececer ere ee esesce eens neces GO sett cece Cat. No. 7374. 170 | Portion of dorsal process..............|----- COE esesenacee Not cata- logued. 171, | Proximal half of rib, left.......-...-..|=-.-- Obese. ese Cat. No. 7731. 172 | Portion of dorsal rib Do. :73))|#Rrapmenteeces sees eee Discarded. 174 | Portion of dorsal rib Cat. No. 7731. V7 5h | poets OB esis we raremeeeiseins sae sc nee Cat. No. 7731. L7G eHragment’ as. je ate Poe See es ee ann eee ene aE pe Discarded. WA ese (a SASS oSSsns nddoest RESERSEaaE reel sep orGadaccesganose Do. _ 178 | Basioccipital portion of the skull. ..-.- Camptosaurus: .... Cat. No. 5996. 17 On eeragmentiolribseeser sees s sone ee oe seer ee ne eee eer Discarded. TE) PSE TAR oe on oneancacsdanuadcepopasen Cat. No. 4935. 1814 PR racmentsnossemecseee selena seers Discarded. L82i|sees- Ghee epcaonesoaETsac Do. 183 | Humerus, left Cat. No. 4929. 184i Scapulanleltasaeeese ee eee eee oe Do. 185 | Anterior dermal plate..............--- Stegosaurus ...--.- Cat. No. 7615. 186i|"Eragmentiofiplates a=. -s-leee-secs cee lass dons sesfnen se Do. AS 7AleMetacarpal ease eee ce see seme ete [cee (lA aiouerionc Cat. No. 7418. 188i fimtermediumseeeree se eee eee ese | eee GWeaensessancod Cat. No. 7586. Do. Do. 191 | Dermal spine. -...-.-.-. Cat. No. 7359. 192 | Caudal centrum Cat. No. 7647. 193}| pRragment= os 5.232222 oces tees ese e seer Discarded. 194 | Dorsal centrum Cat. No. 7648. 195 | Cervical centrum Cat. No. 7790. 1963|'Dermal'iplates: eons 2e-2.. 2+ ---ene2 == Cat. No. 7615. 197 | Dermal plate, neck.............-.---- Do. 198 | Fragment-.........-- Discarded. 199 | Ischium, left Cat. No. 2111. 200 | Metatarsal IV, right... . Cat. No. 7365. 201 | 5 bones, left fore foot...-......-.------ Stegosaurus stenops| Cat. No. 4929. 2023) Dermal¥scutestes- ene a). -o--see =e Stegosaurus .--...- Cat. No. 7615. 203 | Process of cervical vertebra...........-]----- GW Racecssoscco Cat. No. 7640. 2045 #Rortiomoliribepecaasaee- seer eee eee | aaaee doe cae. eee Not cata- logued . Original OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAURIA. Fossil bones found in diagram 4, Quarry 13—Continued. uae Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks. os. 205) *Hragmentiofirib-s=---22-—--- sss a- StEgOsCUTUS =e eee Discarded. 206) | sees (Wanaocecuedensodocasesubouend boced dOnt aese eee see Do. 2074 Dermal platessransesen teen a aas eee doesaere erect Cat. No. 7584. 2088 seen CW soocancrccdsonesctacscdoosod hosed CS Pooridccraeser Do. 209} Seine CO orp osocacoubecobneEaSnoSbeonadcd Ol) eesesascareces Do. 210) |e eee OE Besiciod nc BeScr oC emnbe donc dosysee eget Do. 211 |. Do. 212 Do. 213 | Proximal end ofrib..............- Camptosaurus......--- Not cata- logued. 214s PMetacarpaleeesicceseseeeesee eee Stegosaurus.....:-.-<- Cat. No. 7418. OH.) TERE ec onconoaastadcsnqpoodes| pUaroasabacenbecpadcuauc Discarded. 216) |whemursletteemassss ees eee eee | Stegosaurus......--..- Cat. No. 7380. Fossil bones found in diagram 5, Quarry 13. Original : cue Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks. 1 | Dorsalcentrum........... BACose Stegosaurus.....---.--- Cat. No. 7807. 2, ||| MetatarsallLil, left.<...2-..2.2...- Cat. No. 7365. Si pesphalanp esi cress scesctescsen sess Cat. No. 7364. 4 \\'Sacraliribi(?)e.--2-----c-<- Cat. No. 7816. 5 | Piece ofrib-.....- Setsocnoeboceneue Discarded. Gia @loracm entiseecaaee eee ene Do. 7) |eCaudal\ centrum... -sceea- ease .| Cat. No. 6135. Si el ragmentiecs sees eco sa seat Discarded. 9h | e@Dermaliplatese. seater Cat. No. 7584. 10 Cat. No. 4714. 11 Do. 12 | PR emursriph tosses ease eee Cat. No. 7380. 13 | Caudal vertebra .| Cat. No. 4714. 14 | Ungual phalanx Stegosaurus ...-..----- Cat. No. 7369. 15 | Caudal vertebra..............-.--- Stegosaurus stenops....| Cat. No. 6135. 160)|3ee2- (lS aeeeoosseee bose: paceeoL epee sesee (Ge catecauaadeser Do. 17 | Left scapula and caudal (Cat. No. | Stegosaurus........-.- Cat. No. 7371, 6135). may be op- posite to No. 7362. 18) |KCandalivertebras- == eeseeees ee Cat. No. 6135. LOD | remit (Gh) sobicsacocccoesccsaacercaasc Do. 20 Fs \eaeae OO wet ne ese ese e sees ceaeeee Do. la ees CO sass ee reeeeeaee cae ee Do. 22a |WCHOVI ON seme ee aera eee cele Cat. No. 4714. 23 7a |(Sacralirib --cas-2ssesesece ee seee ee Cat. No. 7799. 24a | Chevroumeeeepeer epee scene sees. Cat. No. 7363. 2523) |eDermal plate: =. --cssss5s-se- 2 cee Cat. No. 7584. 26 | Cervical rib.......- F -| Camptosaurus browni..| Cat. No. 4282. 27am eR bula,igh teases eee eee SteGosaurusseceessaeee Cat. No. 7380. 280) |e Dermal plate. -sosses sees se eee aeee ote wen hese Cat. No. 7584. 29)y Me ubis; leftzo serena acess coset | aoee Ch sacccsaesesaoee Cat. No. 7771. 11 12 BULLETIN 89, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Fossil bones found in diagram 5, Quarry 18—Continued. Original marry os. 30 31 31} Name of bone. iRemurlefts-. 2 seep eee eeee ase Dermal spine Caudal vertebra and chevron....-.!_ Caudal vertebra...............-.-|- Caudal vertebra and chevron.-.---|- Calcaneum#ileft=s-ssssee eee eee Caudal vertebra Dermal plate of tail... - Root bone=-----==---5-2eesee esses Name of animal. Stegosaurus .......---- Stegosaurus stenops.... | Stegosaurus stenops.--- Stegosaurus ....-.----- Stegosaurus stenops. .-- Stegosaurus....-------- Camptosaurus browni.. Remarks. Cat. No. 7370. Cat. No. 6135; pair. Cat. No. 6135. Do. Do. Cat.No 4714. Do. Cat. No. 7367. Not cata- logued. Cat. No. 6135. Cat. No. 7380. Do. Cat. No. 4714. Cat. Nos. 4280 and 2274. Cat. No. 4714. Do. Cat. No. 7373. Cat. No. 4282. OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAURIA. Fossil bones found in diagram 5, Quarry 13—Continued. Original quanty Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks. 82) RChevrone lease secre eee eens eee Stegosaurus........-.-.| Not cata- logued. 83 | Dorsal rib (5th of right side)... ..-. Camptosaurus browni..| Cat. No. 4282. S49n | PELUMerUSs)loftasesseeseeeeeeeeeere Do. 85 | Radius, ulna, and manus, left-... Do. 86 | Caudal and chevron.........--..-. -| Cat. No. 6135. 87 | Caudal vertebra...............---. Do. 88 | Caudal spines....-.....-..-------- Do. 89 | Chevron... Do. SOM eres CK) Seeacoscecroccsscanpcacecaes Do. Ot Wiese ee On sete sehemnrseaeneenset nicer Do. OP) Weed CO Scaonsecthuescucstagacadeoss Do. GB}. eco (Ke ceqnesnosaasnpaenuceecedese Do. 94 | Caudal centrum.................-- Stegosaurus ......-..-- Cat. No. 7587. 95 mal MODOLSDING = ecaee seen ceases Camptosaurus.....-.-- Not cata- logued. 96 capula and coracoid, right... .-- Stegosaurus ..-...----- Cat. No. 7361. 97 | Process to caudal.............-...]-..-- CO peeaeceocesapaEe Not cata- logued. 98 | Spinous process.........------:--- Camptosaurus browni..)| Cat. No. 4282. OOF eSternalebonemesesseseeserecseccaace Stegosaurus....-.----- Cat. No. 7618. LOO; PEraem enter ee sere sees ease acess cscelistien ce aaQsod Discarded. LOLs |e orsaly seventh ss eeneeeeeea-seeee Camptosaurus browni..| Cat. No. 4282. 1002/5) |#Dorsalisixtheee. ees se etecee seeeae Do. 103 | Dorsal, fifth... Do. 1045) orsalyfounthee sss se serene eeaee Do. 105% |e orsalathird ees eeeeseeet eee ee eeeee Do. 1OGih Dorsal seconde eu eenassecm eee Do. 106 | Thoracic rib (eighth of right side).|.-.--. (We Aon beccenddouad Do. 107 | Head of dorsal rib....-......- Pee Genco GS peeeeeneenuasus Do. 108 | Caudal tramsverse..-.......-...--- Stegosaurus.......---. Not cata- logued. 109) |#Piecelof/dorsalitib\ ce. -a----2 22 Camptosaurus browni..| Cat. No. 4282. 110 | Top of spinous process - Camptosaurus.. Discarded. THY Wines eX Mee ocosostaduabascoocooRse jaseeosopEeoncocossacesas Do. 112 | Portion of dermal plate......-..-. Stegosaurus....-.----- Cat. No. 7584. 113 | Portion of right ischium.........-.. Camptosaurus browni..| Cat. No. 4282. 114 | Fragment of spinous process... --- Camptosaurus ?....--- Discarded. At5es|plschiumiploltmeseeeemeteet teste eee Camptosaurus browni..| Cat. No. 4282. 116 | Dorsal rib (head) . Do. 117 | Postfrontal..- .| Cat. No. 7421. 118 | Top of spine Not cata- logued. LOM |RCenvicaliribeneascemcescerac cee = er -| Cat. No. 4282. L20 RD orsalieigh thieeeeemeeceetere ase Do. 12105 |e orsalsmintheeeem-eeceeeeee ees Do. 122) |p Dorsalltenthysec see sehen Do. 125i orsalyjeleven theres: ten-csca soe Do. 1245 aD orsalvitwelftheeseeerceemereec ee Do. 125 | Dorsal, thirteenth - Do. 126) |\Dorsal} fourteenth —-----2.----2--- Do. 1271) Dorsali fifteenth esate seseae- a Do. 128 | Dorsal, sixteenth .... Do. 129 | Sacral vertebra, first......-.-.---- Do. 13 14 Original quarry Nos. 130 | 131 132 133 | 134 135 | 136 | 137 138 | 139 140 | 141 | 142 | 143 | 144 145 146 | 147 148 149 | 150 | 151 BULLETIN 89, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Fossil bones found in diagram 5, Quarry 13—Continued. Name of bone. Sacral vertebra, second Sacral vertebra, third. . Sacral vertebra, fourth. -.-.....--- Sacral vertebra, fifth. ........--.-- Caudal vertebra, first.........----- Caudal vertebra, second Caudal vertebra, third Coracoldprighteecce=c eee eee Supraocrbitaleepsseseseaceee eee ee Dermaliplatesses esse eee eee lium, left. Fragment Caudalicentrum esse. -seeens ae seee Portion of dorsal rib...-.......-.- (Caudalisixthsssescsseceeeesocee ee Caudal ifitthssessssoescees sete Miumylette esac eee ee eee eee Spine\ifragment sees eee eae = VibNragment ae acesceee eee e Fragment lium Tip htessscer seer eee eee Caudal Sthirdermecss esos ee eee Caudal} fourtheeeee- estes ee Caudal, seventh... - Caudal) eighth =. -----2--..---=-- | Caudalaninthieessceser eee cee oe see Caudaliiten themeresae = sereea eee | Caudal, eleventh Caudal vertebra Name of animal. Remarks. Camptosaurus browni. . Stegosaurus Camptosaurus.....---- Stegosaurus....-.----- Camptosaurus browni. . | Camplosaurus browni.. Stegosaurus stenops...- Camptosaurus browni.. | Cat. No. 4282. - 4282, Cat. No. 7362. Cat. No. 7632. Cat. No. 7584. Cat. No. 4282. Discarded. -| Cat. No. 4714. Cat. No. 6135. Do. Do. Do. Cat. No. 7372; may be opp. 239 dgm .7. Discarded. Not found. Cat. No. 7362, eoracoid 139 same indiv. Cat. No. 4282. Do. Cat. No. 4714. Cat. No. 4282. OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAURIA, _ Fossil bones found in diagram 7, Quarry 13. Original uarry Vos. Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks. COnN RH kwh BPE eP Pe eee HARKER ANES Spinous process eee eee. eee Metacarpal Fragment. . Ungual phalanx Phalanx... Tlium, right. Femur, right Radius, right capulanleltmecser eee ere ee eee Metacarpal V, right. -....-- hae Foot bones, right fore foot WILE Sets s Su eonmonactbeoocosac Large dermal plate...........-..-.- Caudal vertebra.......-...-- Clavicle:(?))seeseeacseeracesscct Process to vertebra.........-...--- Dermaliplatessees-seetese se eee eee Scapulaymlolteees ssa seeeeree eee Coracoidsmlettsemeseaee eee eee eens Small dermal plate.........--- Premaxillary, right Ihoy Wiehe ior Ineedaocesceueeced Wn gualiphalanxasesee eases ser a Phalanx. secccsesatecsssccesasees Morosaurus (?) Cat. No. 7398. Cat. No. 7400. Discarded. Cat. No. 7785. Discarded. .| Cat. No. 7401. Do. ° Discarded. Cat. No. 7401. Discarded. Cat. No. 7385. Do. Cat. No. 7401. Cat. No. 7371. Discarded. Cat. No. 7401. Cat. No. 7585. Do. Cat. No. 7382. Discarded. .| Cat. No. 4714. Not cata- logued. Cat. No. 4282. Do. Cat. No. 7383. Cat. No. 7759. Not cata- logued. -| Cat. No. 7401. Do. Do. 15 16 BULLETIN 89, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Fossil bones found in diagram 7, Quarry 183—Continued. Original CEs Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks. os. | Cat. No. 7401. Not found. Stegosaurus...........-| Cat. No. 7402. Diracodon laticeps. ...- Cat. No.4288(?) Stegosaurus ....-..-..- Cat. No. 7585. Diracodon. laticeps-.-.- Cat. No. 4288. 59 | Fragment of tib...............--- Stegosaurus .......-.-- Discarded. 60 | Caudal vertebra. Diracodon laticeps-....| Cat. No. 4288. Do. Do. Do. & Do. Do. Not cata- logued. 67 | Metatarsal IV, left..........-..-.-- Camptosaurus nanus ..| Cat. No. 7394. 683] (Mragment{ofiribssce sees co seae oe | ensocs ace cee cere nee Not cata- logued. Not found. Cat. No. 7754. 71 | Pubis, portion of left-.-- Cat. No. 7755. 72 | Ungual phalanx--.-...-..-.-...--- Cat. No. 7736. | 734 |)MetacarpaliVevlelts-c-=-)-2--=-- = Cat. No. 7783. | 744 | SPiece Ofiripesse se eene eee eee eee Discarded. 75 | Top of caudal spine....-.._.-....- Not cata- logued. | 76))| Wirstidorsalsssesee see essa sce ae Camptosaurus browni..| Cat. No. 4282. 77 | Cervical, ninth with 1 rib.. sasdthh-easa Do. | 78 | Cervical, eighth with both ribs.._.]...-. CT ee eee eae | Do. | 79 | Fragment of dorsal spine-......... Stegosaurus......-.-.-| Discarded. SO PRightidentaryecsss esses ee eeees Camptosaurus browni..| Cat. No. 4282. SiPRib fragment ieee eee oe ee eee nee |e eee te estas. seeeee ee Discarded. | G31 ed 05 (Re ee ae eS [yer ee Aeon Fr | Do. 83 | Cervical, seventh.....-._..-.....-- Camptosaurus browni..| Cat. No. 4282. | 94: beumerussrigh beeen ee ee nel | eee do! oe eee | Do. | 85) (CRibs frag ent: eae eat eee | eens peers ae ener eee | Not cata-| logued. | 86 | Cervical vertebra -.....-..-....--- Stegosaurus...-.--.---. Cat. No. 7812. 87) |) Cervicalivertebra:-=-+- so2--e eee oor sees dO! ence eee Do. 88 | Caudal vertebra. .-.........-....-- Diracodon laticeps -..-- Cat. No. 4288. ED) Basa COtese see e ee ee eee eee Eood GO: asses sence eee Do. 90) |Cenvicaliribe sess. o-c-s oe sen ee eee Stegosaurus............| Cat. No. 7946. 913)|| TPransverse processS-= 2-4 --5s2 2-22] =sen= GO Frases eee | Cat. No. 7808. 92 Discarded. 93 Do. | 94 | Fragment of vertebra : 4 Do. 95 | Vertebra (young dorsal centrum) - Cat. No. 7393. | 96 | Dorsal centrum....-...-..----.--- lossad Cat. No. 7810. | O74 Rragments2 =< senso ees ence | Discarded. OStCoracoid ari ph tpeesase ee aa eae eee | Camptosaurus browni..| Cat. No. 4282. | 99 | Caudal centrum.................-- | Stegosaurus........--. | Cat. No. 7781. 100 | Fragment of vertebra. .-........-- | ao Jecegisicpeas se soeeee Discarded. HOW Scapulasrich tosesecese ene Camptosaurus browni..| Cat. No. 4282. OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAURIA, Fossil bones found in diagram 7, Quarry 13—Continued. Original quarry Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks, 102 | Rib, proximal portion...........-- Stegosaurus .-....----- Notcata- logued. LOS) PRAbsiragmentlseryseeeee ee sees | aera 0 acaaeeesseen Discarded. 104 | Fragment of skull.............---- Camptosaurus....-.--. Cat. No. 7421. 105 | Ungual phalanx.-............--.-- Stegosaurus............| Cat. No. 7782. 106 | Process of caudal vertebra -.... as oe a ea ee eee Not cata- é logued, 107 | Ungual phalanx..............-.-- Stegosaurus .......-.- Cat. No.7782. 1085|PRraementiolspmeie cesses ee eee | See er eee ee ease eee Not cata- logued. 109 | Cervical. fourth............ Camptosaurus browni..| Cat. No. 4282. 130 | Fragment of vertebra Stegosaurus ..-...-...- Discarded. 1115) Sees Ghee saetonestees loaseeSeaaad beaes Gonie ene tn Do. 112) Sao82 Ors. e ee aee = sees sue lees doit ets Sie tecs oa Do. 1125] @Rragment=. ssec ects cece cee | Seas eee eee eee Do. 114 | Metacarpal V, right............... StCGOSQUTUSie = eee el Cat. No. 7399. Sa MUmeualiphalanxss.eeccer cesses |secee (OER CAEEOE Pe soc, Cat. No. 7366. 116 | Hyoid .| Cat. No. 7377. 117 | Fragment Discarded. WIS} eee do.. =| Stegosaunusic.- 2 eae Do. 119 | Radius and ulna, right Cainptosaurus browni..| Cat. No. 4282. 120) |PManus righ teceeense ee eae ae weet Ol SPR eee Do. 121 | Fragment of vertebra........----- Stegosaurus.........--- Discarded. 122 | Caudal vertebra, anterior..........]..... Otte eee ss Cat. No. 7388. 15}\)) JONEVN ce eoeddeucosuosudoouns Discarded. W247 eSternallbone esc e-sejseeeeei=- see oe Cat. No. 7619. 125) |wRracm en tease oa eee eset eee Discarded. 126 4| Soe me mac amen aoe accent ecaee Not found. 127 | Caudal centrum Notecata- | logued. 1237) pRTAgMEN tice eo peel eee | aes eee cea Ao ee! Discarded. 129 | Caudal centrum, anterior..-....--- Stegosaurus............| Cat. No. 7634. 130} RUNEUAal phalanx s5-eeeeeeee ene |e Cena teaehosee Cat. No. 7399. 131) ||“Dop\of,caudalispinese-- 5-5 <2 -2- sen | ese ChE aekeccesenees Not cata- logued. 132 | Transverse process of caudal......- Do. Asai iSacraliribe secre -enseease sees Cat. No. 7786. 134 | Caudal spine Not cata- logued. A354 PRragment? css. csscse sees os esciiece| ceeds a seieae eels see sees Discarded. 136 | Fragment of vertebra.-.......-.--- Stegosaurus. -.- Do. IBY |ibccod (6 WrsepcpadsdacktonsesnagsoGacHed boas (0 (RRepaaccacaseaed Do. 138 | Supraorbital, right.....-.......--- Camptosaurus...-.---- Cat. No. 7632. 139 | Fragment of vertebra............- Stegosaurus......-..--- Discarded. N40) WRibiasrigh te sssense este eeaee seca Cat. No. 7387. 418 Astragalus essen emer ee ee ers Do. 142 | Caudal vertebra. Cat. No. 6135. 143i Whiece Of Gibs =: 2s-es estes eee Not cata- logued. 144 ,|\ Piece of ribs2 22. orate ease dk | Soe See Soae eeee se geese Discarded. 145) | sUngualiphalanx-essee esse eee eee Stegosaurus-..-...--.--- Cat. No. 7784. 146} pEragmentsseeen ees aasceeetaes| eee ea ncce eee eee Discarded. MAT) | eee CORES AcS aoe cABA BES A obSpEnonad Hascpnomannacane a5eKeneS Do. 17 18 BULLETIN 89, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Fossil bones found in diagram 7, Quarry 13—Continued. Original cary Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks. 14S eMetacarpallscc-ceer sonore eee cee Stegosaurus............| Cat. No. 7417. 140 PRracment eee. ose c 2 eee cae te] Scie t ce oe ee eee eet | Discarded. GO) |BRibsesetrssece on een eee Stegosaurus...........- | Not cata- logued. 151 | Caudal vertebra. .......-...--....- Stegosaurus stenops....| Cat. No. 4714. | 152) | See GO oa ae cients siclowann erase cen | soeee does ts ee ee Do. 1534] Saee= GOl nose eae aoe coon ese ae ean: | seeee Ores see eee | ae DO! 154/]| Dermal|spines-=-22ss-o=5-=-22-+=5- Booed 0222. Do. 1553-2222 (al neat ra ener fr | oaks doh as ee Do. 156) |Metacarpal:-c----22-2-2---2essse =e Stegosaurus... .| Cat. No. 7403. 1574 |foternal, DONC nese sees eee eae G (eescccseBeasoes Cat. No. 7620. | 158 | Spinous process, caudal. .........- Stegosaurus stenops. ...| Cat. No. 4714. 159 | Dermal spine.......-.- eee Do. 160 | Fragment of rib...........--.-..-- | Not cata- logued. 1614|SHibula:lettss-e seco eee ne Stegosaurus............ | Cat. No. 7389. Une ose eee c= ee ee a Discarded. Camptosaurus...-..--- Cat. No. 7082. Stegosaurus............| Cat. No. 7633. Discarded. Do. ar Do. 168 | 3 carpal bones, left foot.........--- | Cat. No. 7403. 169 | Ungual, phalanx..........-..-.... | Cat. No. 7419. 170 | Caudal vertebra, process Cat. No. 7798. 171 | Astragalus.-......---- SRSSHaSEeaaS Camptosaurus........- Cat. No. 7636. 172 | Dorsal centrum.......----.---.--- | Stegosaurus............| Cat. No. 7802. Discarded. Do. 175 | Fragment of rib | Do. 176 | Pubis, left d Stegosaurus........-.-- | Cat. No. 7420. 177 | Ungual, digit IV, right hind foot ..| Camptosaurus browni..| Cat. No. 4282. 178) Pubs Tigh tess eee eee eee | Stegosaurus............| Cat. No. 7420. 179 | Caleaneum, right | Cat. No. 7397. TE) FOE Se ee es socsoceesbecosesee Discarded. 1S wehalanxecse. see eee eee ee .; Cat. No. 7419. 182!) /schium)right----- 22s se es Cat. No. 7610. 183 | Ischium, left........- Do. 184 | Metatarsal I, left foot... Cat. No. 7415. 185 | Metatarsal ITT, left foot... Do. 186 | Phalanx, digit III -............... | Do. 187 | Metatarsal II, left ....-.........-.- Do. ASSi Phalanx lls. - = se cose eee eae Do. 189 | ‘Ungual phalanx. .--.....-....---.- Do. 190} PMetatarsalyhVescssseace = ane eee jesse Do. Do. Do. 193 | Coracoid Cat. No. 7797. 194°) WRibula,lefti ses. oso ee oa eee ee eee (Ut SSS eaeScosoeee Cat. No. 7390; may be op- posite of 200. 195 | Caudal centrum....---.----------- [Bane Coreinan sts sar ates Cat. No. 7649. OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAURIA. Fossil bones found in diagram 7, Quarry 13—Continued. Original uarry os. Name of bone. Name of animal. 196 197 198 234 Spinejolicaudal ease seesee eee Coracoid lefties ee een ee assecee Bragment offskullessaeeeese- se cc Fragment of spine.....-..---..---- Metatarsal III, right..,.........-- Spine to vertebra... ----2.----.-- Caudals, thirteen to sixteen Partiof vertebra. -.2 5:5 ---.-2-.--- Partiofisacrumicrerresecisnee acer Caudal vertebra. --2-<--22:--+----- Eumerus righ tess eeeeeeeeee eee Sacralirib: sae cenceesacieeecees Dorsalicentrumi=te—sasee - s-e eee Caudal, twenty-first..............- Caudal, twenty-second..-.....-..- Caudal, twenty-third..........-... Caudal, twenty-fourth. .........-- Caudal, twenty-fifth. ........-...- Caudal, twenty-sixth...........-.. Caudal, twenty-seventh. - ae Caudal, twenty-eighth............ Caudal, twenty-ninth. ...........-. Caudal, thirtieth=. -:---22- 2-22-22, Caudal, thirty-first...........-...- Caudal, thirty-second Caudal, thirty-third............... Caudal, thirty-fourth......-....--- Caudal, thirty-fifth................ Caudal, thirty-sixth-. Caudal, thirty-seventh Caudal, thirty-eighth.............- Hragmentjol/spines>- ce.) sess sess Transverse process to caudal Dorsal centrum. - Cervical centrum Camptosaurus.....---- Stegosaurus stenops..-- Stegosaurus Stegosaurus..-..-.---.- Camptosaurus browni. Remarks. Cat. No. 7649. Cat. No. 2112. Not cata- logued- Do. Cat. No. 7384. -| Discarded. -| Cat. No. 4929. Cat. No. 7809. Cat. No. 7789. Discarded. Cat. No. 7416. Not cata- jogued. Cat. No. 4282. Cat. No. 7809. Cat. No. 7386. Cat. No. 7082. Cat. No. 4929. Cat. No. 7386. Cat. No. 7764. Discarded. Not found. Cat. No. 7386. Cat. No. 4282. Discarded. Not cata- logued. Do. -| Cat. No. 7392. Cat. No. 7705. Cat. No. 7708. | { 20 Fossil bones found in diagram 8, Quarry 13. BULLETIN 89, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, Original uarry Name of bone. Name of animal | Remarks. os | Gi PRrsement)ofiribss-s=4-e eater Ss [pao eo ae | Not cata- logued. 2 | Caudal centrum (anterior). ~-.-..--- Cat. No. 7381. 3 | Tibia, left A 19. 4 | Transverse process (caudal). ..-.-. = Cat. No. 7381. Oa Dermalispines s.m= sees eee see Cat. No. 7375. 6 | Process (dorsal vertebra).-.-.....-|-...- Cat. No. 7705. Wi| wAStragalus see ches as cee. Soo ceteee Cat. No. 7378. 8 | Portion of dermal plate....-.....-|..--- Not cata- | logued. Oilmkragment=-< a=. --.5sse2- asso eons ane eee e|Cat.NOxool 10 | Dorsal centrum......-.-..--.-.--- -| Cat. No. 7705. 11 | Fragment - Discarded. 12 | Sacral centrum.................-.- Stegosaurus.......---- | Cat. No. 7381. 163] oad do seeeee cee -do-.- | Do. 144 |S Caudaliprocesss-emess seer eee ene | sees dO e-5- See re | Cat. No. 7763. 151) (Caudal\centrum==-2. 225-22 -2 sen) noe dO- 3-22 ese Do. 163] Radius; rishtsessere se ee eee = Stegosaurus stenops ...| Cat. No. 4929. 7) | Chevron sessee ee enone esac ae Stegosaurus ...--.----- | Cat. No. 7376. 183|\Sacraliri basses Pe eeeeeaee a nenees |fate-d02ece one anene _| Cat. No. 7381. | Fossil bones found in diagram 11, Quarry 13. a Original | - ; | Suatry, Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks. | 1) |\(Cervicalivertebra:-.-----.--..----< | Stegosaurus. .......---| Cat. No. 7405. 2} | nD) orsaliventebrasemes oases ose seas se nee Cat. No. 7411. Shi PPieceslofinibssseseeenee sess aoa eeee \. Discarded. 4 Do. 5 Cat. No. 6531. 6 Cat. No. 7609. 7 | Cervical vertebra... Cat. No. 7404. 8 | Caudal vertebra Cat. No. 6629. 9 Do. 10 Do. il Do. 12 Do. 13 Cat. No. 6531. 14 Discarded. 15 Do. TG} |) TTS VGA 55 55 Sasa saecosacce Cat. No. 7411. 17 | Caudal vertebra...............-.-- Cat. No, 6531. Cat. No. 6629. Do. | Do. Do. Do. | Do. | Do. | OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAUBIA, Fossil bones found in diagram 11, Quarry 13—Continued. Original uarry Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks. Nos. 26 Cat. No. 6629. 27 Do. 28 Cat. No. 6531. 29 Do. | 30 Do. 31 Do. 32 Do. 33 Do. 34 Do. 35 Do. 36 Do. 37 Do. - | 38 Do. 39 Do. 40 Do. 41 Do. 42 Do. 43 | Dermal plate (tail). - Do. 445\ Rrasments. cc s--2-oecesecsecnes= 5 Discarded. 45 | Caudal vertebras..........-.--.---|----4 Clee cacencaos Cat. No. 6531. AG exes Os S255 ene ce own sheen ou|eceee (il) S es aeceacaoss Do. 47 | Dermal plate (tail)..........-.-..-|-.--- (senotcocosde Do. Fossil bones found in diagram 12, Quarry 13. Original ones Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks. 1 | Fragment, spinous process.....--. Stegosaurus. .-.....| Discarded. 2)|\sUngual'phalanx: S22 ee. 5- 5. = Stegosaurus ungu- | No. 6646. latus. Sul bearhoLradiusesssses eee eee ee sae |eeeee Gh) agedeacasos Cat. No. 6646; Nos. 3 and 5 be- long together. 4)\RRemur yrightsesces- ose eee ee eee |neeee (he Sasasccsars Cat. No. 6646. Sl eartiofradiuseece esse hs see cesses Cee soocsacac Do. 6) | WRortions ofiliim=se sees eee eee eae cece. (Oe ceqeccoacad Do. Zo lD) orsal (cen Gruri erence eee en | eee (ER Seaacscaos Do. 8 | Caudal centrum. Stegosaurus .....-- Discarded. 9 | Tibia, caleaneum, and astragalus, | Stegosaurus ungu- | Cat. No. 6646; right. latus. codssified with astragalus. 10 | Carpal bone (ulnar complex)......|..--- (np ecceacecos Cat. No. 6646. DS Peragmentiofiplates--<--e esse eoctnas| seeeeeeeee eee ee eee Discarded. 12))|#Dorsalivertebra-c. 22-2 soe-e<-c ee: Stegosaurus ungu- | Cat. No. 6646. latus. 13) | (Ungualiphalanxs- ess eeeeseece eee ee Obes saccescata Do. 14 | Dorsal vertebra. - caddis oeaceco Do. LS) | Sees CO OE Ras ao ac nee cccecarsosease Hacc doses ssscer ae Do. 16 | Distal end of fibula, right..........|.-..- ose esoesee ae Do. 1 7All ELUM eruse rip h teeee ee neet ence | pee dotnet -Do. 18} | |Prarment then sost oss se sec ene ec es cee eke ten ences Discarded. 19 | Caudal vertebra, anterior... ...... Stegosaurus ungu- | Cat. No. 6646. latus. 20 -Brapment somes cscs see cece anal scemacscectassessces Discarded. 21 | Caudal vertebra, anterior..-....... Stegosaurus ungu- | Cat. No. 6646. latus. 51873°—Bull. 89—14-—3 21 22: BULLETIN 89, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Fossil bones found in diagram 12, Quarry 15—Continued. Original aban | Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks. | ae 2 1 | | ; DoniPRragmentiso sesso oc eee aes Sasa ees Soe ee nee eee Discarded. | 23 Stegosaurus. ...--- Do. | 24 | Chevron (anterior).....-.-...-.--- Stegosaurus ungu- | Cat. No. 6646. latus. 25))|\MRoproficaudalispine=. 2222-222 o4|-e ee GOR NA Nee kesee Do. . 26 | Fragment of plate................- Stegosaurus... ---- Discarded. 27 | Caudal vertebra (anterior). -......| Stegosaurus ungu- | Cat. No. 6646. latus. Pt SRR) On Ar ees reessccsrsacad peoss (Cb)esigeecssceus Do. 29 | Dermal spine (tail) fs Ke ete eee Do. 30 | Fragment of dorsal process... .---.}----- Govetencemcce Do. 31 | Part of neural process, dorsal. .-_-.)-.--- Ovens eee Do. Fossil bones found in diagram 13, Quarry 13. Original quarry Name of bone. Name of animal. Remarks. Nos. | 1) Heads offrib S223 nese sce eeeee Stegosaurus -..---- Cat. No. 6531. 21 iscapula, Tightiosssas see se see ao ees ome (1 li pice eet Cat. No. 7411. 3 | Partsofskullandatlas, articulated |... .. do esasseaee ee Cat. No. 6645. 4 || Cervicalivertebra--2---4- s--s--252-\o0= = dossee FISIFORMS ULVENASE- are found separate. In old animals the intermedium, ulnare, and pisiform become ankylosed to form a single element, and in adults where the sutures have become obliterated the carpus would appear to consist of the two block-like bones shown in figure 38, 2, ul+in+p, andr. In the collections of the United States National Museum, however, we are fortunate in having preserved in situ the radiale, intermedium, and ulnare of one individual (No. 7401, fig. 37) and the intermedium, ulnare, and pisiform of a second specimen (No. 7403, fig. 36). OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAURIA. 71 Both pertain to small, partly grown animals. These supplementary specimens show very clearly the entire Stegosaurus carpus, as may be seen by comparing figures 36 and 37. Professor Marsh recognized three elements in the proximal segment of the car- pus and so indicated it in his restoration of the skeleton.! Yet later in defining the genus Diracodon? he observes that “in the fore foot the intermedium and ulnar bones separate, while in Stegosaurus these carpals are firmly coéssified,’ evidently overlooking the fact that in plates 48 and 52 of the same article, feet of the genus Stegosaurus are shown with these elements separate. Radiale (r.).—The radiale is much the largest bone (see figs. 37 and 38, r) of the car- pus and is opposed distally by metacarpals I, I, and partly by III. Proximally it artic- ulates exclusively with the radius. It is a block-like bone, wider than long, with upper and lower articulating surfaces roughened, the former being flat, the latter rather angularly convex transversely. The sides are vertical with the exception of the posterior, which has "6: 3/-"Ols"0S (-Ackine PisifORM) AND PORTION OF 5 OT OF STEGOSAURUS SP. JUVENILE. on its outer posterior half a rounded depres- cat.no. 7401,U.S.N.M. }.Nat.sB. A, FRONT AND sion of some depth. The principal dimen- B, TOP NEES in, INTERMEDIUM; 1, RADIALE; wl, : E ULNARE; I, II, III, METACARPALS ONE, TWO, AND sions of the radiale of an adult and a young mrss. specimen are given below: Measurements of radiale. | Juvenile, | Adult, No. 4937. | | No. 7401. 2 - Sea te a | | | mm. mm. | Greatest transverse diameter ....-.........-..----+--------- | 72 110 Greatest antero-posterior diameter. .............------------ | 62 103 | 70 | (Greatestivertical'diameter== ! 5-2 --52--2----- <2 -ensec esac | 50 Intermedium (in.).—The intermedium will be described from the young speci- men bearing catalogue No. 7401. Viewed from above (in., fig. 37, B) this bone is triangular in outline, the front forming the longest side. The anterior face is shallowly concave dorso-ventrally, with an arterial foramen notching the external border. In adult animals all traces of this notch are obliterated. The upper rugose surface is regularly convex transversely. It articulates with the radiale and ulnare by straight, vertical ends. In an articulated foot it is sup- ported in part by both metacarpals III and IV. Above it meets about equally the distal ends of the radius and ulna. 1 Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 21, 1881, pt. 4, p. 170. 2 Dinosaurs of North America, 1896, p. 193. 72 BULLETIN 89, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Measurements of intermedium. | Juvenile, | Adult, No. No. 7401. | 4937. j iS wi | | mm, | mm, | Greatest transverse diameter. ..__.2.-.......-----.---------- | 67 97 | Greatest antero-posterior diameter...............--...------ | 50 94 69 I | Greatest vertical diameters 5-5-5255 0 ee ee | 41 Ulnare (ul.).—In specimen No. 7401 the ulnare is smaller than the intermedium and like that bone is triangular in outline when viewed from above (B, fig. 37, ul.). It is thinner than the intermedium and articulates dorsally, exclusively with the ulna. Ventrally it probably opposed metacarpal IV and part of V. In specimen No. 4937 the ulnare and intermedium are so closely ankylosed that the suture is almost obliterated. Measurements of ulnare. | | Juvenile, | Adult, No. | 937. | No. 7401. | 493 | mm. | mm | |, (Greatest transverseidiameter: 222. -- ee ee aes eee eee ee 46) | ote pees 88 Greatest antero-posterior diameter.............------------- 55 85 Greatestrvertical (diameterseer asec en cesar senna eeoeeiaen 30 48 Pisiform (p.).—As identified here the pisiform is an irregularly rounded bone, the smallest element of the carpus. In the National Museum material specimen No. 7403 is the only individual which shows this bone as a distinct element (fig. 36, where it is shown as found in the quarry). In none of the adult specimens can this suture be traced. Measurements of carpus. [Specimen No. 7403.] q | Interme- Ulnare. | Pisiform. | Greatest vertical'diameter-2-------~+-+--4--22-= | a7 | | | dium. | | | | | | mm. | - mm. mm, | | Greatest transverse diameter............-...--- | 81 | 52 28 | | Greatest antero-posterior diameter_._._.-..---- 69 | 52 | 33 | 41 | 24 Metacarpus—The metacarpus of Stegosaurus consists of five bones of about equal though robust proportions. Semi-articulated fore feet in the National Museum collections supplement one another to such an extent that the position of the metacarpals in the foot can be considered as absolutely determined. Specimen No. 7401 (fig. 37) shows metacarpals I, IJ, and III of the right manus retained nearly in their relative positions to one another as well as to the carpus, and No. 4934 (fig. 40) shows the articulated metacarpals IJ, III, IV, and V of the left foot. The information furnished by these specimens indicates that the metacarpals differ sufficiently from one another to be easily recognized as to their proper posi- tion in the foot when found in ascattered and disarticulated state. (See pl. 21, fig. 2.) OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAURIA. 73 The following detailed description ‘of these bones is based upon the foot of an adult specimen of Stegosaurus sulcatus, No. 4937, which is in a beautiful state of preservation: Metacarpal I (pl. 21, fig. 2, 1) is the shortest and stoutest element of the series and may be distinguished at once by the great breadth of the shaft, being but little con- stricted at the center when viewed from the front. The ends are about evenly ex- panded, the proximal being subtriangular in outline with the rather blunt apex directed inward. This end is roughened and slightly concave, with the outer border beveled off where it meets metacarpal II. The transverse diameter of the dis- tal end exceeds the vertical diameter. This end is convex antero - posteriorly, but concave trans- versely, thus form- ing a broad groove for articulation with the first pha- lanx of this digit. The external sur- face near the upper end is concave an- tero-posteriorly and roughened for the better attachment of the lgaments which bound the metacarpals to- Fic. 38.—RIGHT FORE FOOT OF STEGOSAURUS SULCATUS MARSH. TYPE. CAT. NO. 4397, gether. U.S.N.M. }NAT. SIZE. 1, FRONT VIEW. in, INTERMEDIUM; 1, RADIALE; ul, COALESCED - NTERMEDIUM AND PI M; 1, II V,V TS OD b XI- Metacarpal IL is IN’ TUM, ULNARE, AND PISIFOR: , Il, III, IV, V, pier 8 ONE TO FIVE. 2, PROXI MAL VIEW OF CARPAL BONES, SAME FOOT. 7, RADIALE; ul+in+p, COALESCED ULNARE, longer and more INTERMEDIUM, AND PISIFORM. slender than the preceding. It is constricted medially, both in its lateral and vertical diameters. From the front the ends appear to be about evenly expanded, but viewed laterally the proximal end is especially produced in a posterior direction, giving the bone a wedge-shaped appearance. The proximal end in outline is that of an equilateral triangle, the surface being roughened and slightly concave antero-posteriorly. (See II, fig. 39.) The distal articular surface is broader than deep, being convex antero-pos- teriorly and broadly concave transversely. Metacarpal III is the longest one of the five. Its proximal end is about evenly divided between the distal surfaces of the radiale and intermedium in an articulated foot. 74 BULLETIN 89, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Viewed from the front the proximal anid distal ends are about evenly expanded transversely, but the proximal greatly exceeds the distal in the lateral aspect. The We2= FiG.-39.—OUTLINE OF ARTICULATED PROXIMAL EXTREMITIES OF METACARPALS OF RIGHT MANUS OF STEGOSAURUS SULCA- TUS MARSH. TYPE. CAT. NO. 4937, U.S.N.M. } NAT. SIZE. constricted shaft of moderate breadth when seen from the front is produced backward, the sides being pinched to- gether, forming a stout ridge which joins the two ends of the bone. The posterior surface of this ridge especially at its center is rugosely roughened. The distal end has two distinet ar- ticular faces, which meet at an obtuse angle on the distal end. The larger of these is shallowly concave transversely and convex vertically for articulation with the first phalanx. This articular surface does not round up on the anterior surface of the bone as in the preceding meta- carpals, but the two surfaces meet sharply at right angles. This feature will be dis- cussed later In connection with meta- carpals IV and V. The second surface mentioned above looks outward and downward and was probably opposed by an inwardly directed process from the IV metacarpal as shown in 5, plate 21, figure 2. Metacarpal IV has much the same proportions as metacarpal II, except for the heavier proximal end. The shaft is constricted in both vertical and lateral diameters. The ends are expanded, more especially the distal, and particularly on the inner side of this end. The articular face for the first phalanx is flattened and meets the anterior surface of the shaft at right angles. This feature is even more pronounced than in the preceding meta- carpal. These surfaces would appear to indicate the fixed nature of the pha- langes which opposed them, and, as will be shown later, probably bore phalanges which did not reach the outside of the muscular mass of the foot. As in meta- carpal III, on the outer side of the distal end a second articular surface looks downward and outward and was Fic. 40.—LEFT FORE FOOT OF STEGOSAURUS STENOPS MARSH SHOWN AS FOUND ARTICULATED. TYPE. CAT. NO. 4934, U.S.N.M. 4 NAT. SIZE. PALMAR VIEW. 7, RADIALE; 7d, DISTAL END OF RADIUS; U, DISTAL END OF ULNA; ul, COALESCED INTERMEDIUM, ULNARE, AND PISIFORM; II, V, METACARPALS TWO AND FIVE. probably closely connected to an inwardly directed process from the distal end of metacarpal V. OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAURIA. 75 Metacarpal V (pl. 21, fig. 2) is the weakest element of this series, although this does not imply at all that it is vestigal. It may be recognized at once by the straightness of its outer border and by the hook-like process developed on the internal side of the distal end (4, pl. 21, fig. 2). The shaft is moderately constricted; the distal end is rounded antero-posteriorly, widest on the external side, narrowing toward the inner, as does the whole bone. The inner border cf the proximal end is slightly concave where it meets metacarpal 1V. The posterior side lacks the strong ridge, with roughened surface, which is so prominent a feature in metacarpals IT, III, and IV. An outline drawing (fig. 39) of the proximal ends of the metacarpals shows that when articulated their triangular ends combine to form a compact semi- circular foot well adapted for supporting the great weight of the body. There is no interlocking of the metacarpals as found in the feet of some dinosaurs, but this apparent mechanical weakness is compensated for by the increased size of the muscles and ligaments which bound the foot together, as indicated by the rugosity of the areas for their attachment. In the shortness of the metacarpals, depth of carpus, and arch of the foot, there is a striking superficial resemblance to the foot of the elephant. Phalanges—The phalangial formula yet remains to be determined. Of the proximal row of phalanges, only those pertaining to digits I, III, and IV have been found in place. In the left fore foot of specimen No. 4937 the first phalanx of digit I was found attached by matrix to the metacarpal, and in the foot of the same side of S. stenops, No. 4934, the first phalanges of digits III and IV were found similarly attached (fig. 40). This constitutes all of the definite evidence as to the correct placing of the phalangial elements. With specimen No. 7401 (see fig. 37), a disarticulated foot, there are six phalangial bones preserved, two of which are unguals. With the right fore foot of No. 4937 there are five phalanges, one of which is terminal. Four of these have been regarded as constituting the proximal row as shown in figure 38. The proximal phalanx of the first digit is undoubtedly the largest element of this row. It is wider than long, with posterior articular surface concave and ante- rior convex in the vertical direction. Both upper and lower surfaces concave lon- gitudinally, the upper being convex, the lower concave transversely. The inner side is longer than the outer, and when articulated makes it appear wedge-shaped with the point directed toward the opposite foot. In the half-grown animal the inner fourth of this bone is much depressed as shown by specimen No. 7401. The first phalanx of digit IT is not certainly known. The proximal phalanx of digits III and IV will be described from No. 4934 where they were found in place. They are short bones, wider than long, with concave proximal, and convex distal articular ends. The palmar surfaces are flattened and produced posteriorly into a thin sheet which lies under the ends of the metacarpals when articulated. Viewed superiorly the first phalanx of digit IV presents a longer concave surface than the phalanx of digit III, but the distal articulating surface is considerably reduced in size, and with a distinct articular protuberance on the internal side of this surface, reminding one of the 76 BULLETIN 89, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. homologous element in the Hlephas foot. It probably represents the articulation for the much reduced and last phalanx of this digit. The principal measurements of these bones are as follows: | | Proximal phalanges | No. 4934. | Digit I. | Digit IV. | mm. | mm Greatestitransverse diameter. - -2-_ <2 5-2-0 - 2 -sesee eeee oe | 44 | 137 Greatest antero-posterior diameter..._...............--..-.. | 19 | 21 l,Greatestdepth ofiposteriorfaces= 2-325... = see ee pense | 27 «| 25 | 1 Estimated. Of the other phalanges found associated with disarticulated feet, they appear intermediate in form and deserve no especial mention. The fore foot is provided with at least two flattened unguals, and though as yet not found articulated, un- doubtedly belong to digits I and II. Fig. 41.—DORSAL VIEW OF UNGUALS OF STEGOSAURUS. 1, UNGUAL OF HIND FooT, Cat. NO. 7419, U.S.N.M. JUVENILE 2, UNGUAL oF DIGIT I,FORE FOOT. Cat.No. 4937, U.S.N.M. TYPE OF STEGOSAURUS SULCATUS MARSH. 3, UNGUAL OF DIGIT I, FORE FOOT. Cat. No. 7401, U.S.N.M. JUVENILE. ALL FIGURES }$ NAT. SIZE. These unguals are flattened, hoof-like bones that during the life of the animal were doubtless incased in a horny nail. The specimens with which two unguals have been found show that they are of two styles, one of which is as broad as long, the other more elongated. The relative shape and size of these unguals are well shown in figure 41. From the position in the rock of the elements pertaining to the right fore foot of No. 4934, I am led to believe that the elongated ungual (1, fig. 41) belongs to digit I. In old individuals the surfaces of these bones become very much roughened, and the lateral, posteriorly directed points shown in figure 41, 1 and 3, continue to ossify until they project posterior to the articular end as blunt rounded points (fig. 41, 2). Belonging to the fore foot of No. 7401 are other elements which trom their close resemblance to some of the reduced terminal phalanges of Elephas are con- sidered the final ones of the remaining digits. Antero-posteriorly these are very OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAURIA. 1 short, but long transversely; deep at the proximal end, with narrow and rounded distal end. It will be observed from the above description that the manus of Stegosaurus is entaxonic, as in Diplodocus and Brontosaurus. Digits | and Il were doubtless provided with a full complement of phalanges terminating with flattened unguals, which in life were the only external evidence of their presence. In digits III, IV, and V the number of phalanges was probably successively more and more reduced, each being terminated by a short transversely elongated functionless phalanx, that in life was entirely within the mass of the foot. Measurements of fore foot elements. METACARPALS. | | I. | I. | In. IV. Vv. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. | 7401. 4937. | 7401. 4937. 7401. 4937. 7401. 4937. 7401. 4937. mm mm mm mm. mm. mm. mm. mm, mm. mm. Greatest/lengthtecs-- eee es eee eeee 61 91 84 106 82 126 84 11 64 98 Greatest transverse diameter proxi- maltend eee eee ean ee ose eee 32 80 49 70 53 78 56 80 52 72 Greatest transverse diameter, distal Gite Gasosdscosaacusonepodsocescae dl 60 50 71 53 78 55 91 55 79 Least transverse diameter shaft. --. 41 75 28 43 28 40 34 45 35 45 PHALANGES, FIRST ROW. Greatest length....-...-..--.------ 21 31 13 25 | 11 20 8 1 Reateaee lsaesced Greatest transverse diameter... ...- 42 75 47 67 39 55 41 UGY 2 ae ose Sacearsee PHALANGES, SECOND ROW. Greatest length. =----.---.s-------- 51 81 GO oc coeac ol baacaccd lorotaaca Kasacsed bscqcsod bacrsosd bésocsss Greatest transverse diameter......- 4 84 CD Ee deczonallbceneborlbbacccea Béocboed Escneacn sabeescd bcacopas 1 Estimated. PELVIS. Plates 2, 3, and 4. The pelvis of Stegosaurus is composed of ilium, ischium, and pubis. These all unite to form the acetabulum, which is quite as well closed by bone internally as in the Ceratopsia. Apparently these elements never coéssify as is sometimes the case in the adult members of the Sauropoda and Theropoda. Ilium (u.).—The ilium is the largest of the pelvic bones. Its most prominent feature is the great anterior extension and the extreme shortness of the postace- tabular part, which is scarcely one-third as long as the anterior portion. The preacetabular process consists of a long, thickened, wide vertical plate of bone, which terminates anteriorly in a rounded truncate end (fig. 42). Viewed laterally the superior border of the ilium is curved from end to end, the anterior process being directed outward and downward in the articulated 78 BULLETIN 89, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. pelvis which overhangs the posterior ribs. Viewed from above the superior crest curves inward and is closely and firmly united with the neural arches of the sacrum. The ilium does not roof over the cavities between the transverse processes as described by Marsh? but in adult individuals these cavities are completely covered over, as shown in the sacrum of S. stenops, No. 4934, by the coalescence of the antero-posterior expansion of the superior surfaces of the transverse processes. Beginning just anterior to the pubic peduncle the superior surface widens rapidly in a transverse direction posteriorly, particularly on the outer side where the upper portion is produced outward as a heavy shelf of bone with a thickened rounded outer border overhanging the ischiac peduncle. Posterior to the underlying ischiac articulation the ilium contracts rapidly in a transverse direction to a short, thickened, truncate end placed on the inner side of the bone with roughened surfaces, which has a greater vertical than transverse diameter. The greatest vertical thickness of the ilum is through the pubic peduncle and from this point posteriorly the bone is much depressed. Fig. 42.—PELVIS OF STEGOSAURUS STENOPS MARSH. 5 NAT. SIZE. SIDE VIEW. 4@, ACETABULUM; il, ILIUM; is, ISCHIUM; ~, PUBIS; p’, POSTPUBIS. AFTER MARSH. The acetabular portion of the ilium is large and shallow. The surface for articulation with the ischium, while not prominent, is nevertheless of good size, consisting of a roughened transversely elongated triangular area with the point of the triangle directed inward. The pubic peduncle while not extending far below the acetabular surface is broad and heavy as in Triceratops. On the internal side above the acetabulum the surface is deeply concave verti- cally with cupped depressions which articulate with the heavy expanded ends of the sacral ribs. Pubis (p.)—The pubis in Stegosaurus is composed of a flattened, somewhat spatu- late prepubic portion, and a slender, more elongated postpubis. (See fig. 43, p and p’.) The anterior portion is a thin, vertical blade of bone, terminated usually by a vertically rounded anterior end, although a few specimens show it as being cut off squarely. While this end is not especially thickened, in fully adult specimens there 1 Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 21, 1881, p. 168. OSTEOLOGY OF THE ARMORED DINOSAURIA. 719 is a rugose roughening of the surface, as shown in figure 43. The superior border is broadly concave antero-posteriorly. Near the proximal end it expands transversely and on the outer side a rugose ridge is developed extending nearly across the bone and forming the anterior border of the acetabulum, presenting above a triangular elongated roughened surface which meets the pubic peduncle of the ilium. Pos- terior to this ridge, the pubis is continued backward as a broad process, with a con- cave roughened external surface that forms the inner wall of the acetabulum, as in Triceratops. On the ventral posterior border of this process is a small surface which articulates with the antero-inferior process of the ischium. Beneath the rugose ridge described above the somewhat slender postpubis is given off, extending downward and backward at an angle of something less than 45° to the longer axis of the prepubic portion. The shaft of this portion of the pubis is.fairly uniform in vertical width, but the lower longutidinal half is transversely thickened, with a rounded ventral border, while the upper half thins out to a sharp edge, which is slightly roughened. Marsh * shows the postpubis in S. stenops as exceeding the ischium in length (see fig. 42), while in the pelvis of S. ungulatus it is represented as being somewhat shorter. Tam unable to determine from our material whether this is a con- stant difference or not. Probably it is not. The pubic foramen in ( Stegosaurus exists always as a notch, the posterior border being Fic. 43.—LEFr PUBIS OF SHES CS AUIS UNGULATUS MARSH. ;; NAT. SIZE. OUTER VIEW. [p,PREPUBIS; p’, POSTPUBIS. AFTER MARSH. open toward the acetabulum. The pubes, as with the ischia, appears to have been in contact only on the median line at their distal extremities. In Stegosaurus the boundaries of the acetabulum are even more completely inclosed by bone than in Triceratops, which Hatcher’ considered as approaching most nearly to the mammalia in this respect. Specimen No. 7420, a right pubis and the only complete element in the collec- tion, gives the following measurements: Greatest distance from end of pubis to the end of postpubis, in a straight line, 850 mm.; greatest length of prepubic portion, 460 mm.; same measurement of No. 4934, 4835 mm.; greatest length of postpubis from anterior edge of notch to distal end, 510 mm. Ischium (is.).—The ischium is a comparatively short, flat, triangular element, showing a concave surface only on the Y-shaped proximal end and gradually taper- ing toward the distal extremity. The larger of the two articular faces on the proximal end meets the ischiac peduncle of the ilum, while the smaller and transversely compressed surface articulates with the pubis a little forward of the center of the acetabulum, as shown in figure 42. Viewed from above, the transversely rounded border sweeps downward and backward from the heavy articular surface, with a gentle curve for over half its 1 Dinosaurs of North America, 1896, pl. 48, figs. 2 and 3. 2 Mon. 49, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1907, p. 57. 80 BULLETIN 89, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. length, where a roughened elevation is met. From this point posteriorly the ischia tapers rapidly to the blunt truncated end (fig. 44), which is triangular in cross- section. The height and rugoseness of this elevation on the superior border of the ischium is more pronounced in fully adult specimens. The inferior border presents . a thin, sharp edge, except at the transversely expanded distal extremity, which is flattened and has a roughened surface that appears to have been closely applied to the postpubis. In the restoration of the pelvis of Stegosaurus (fig. 42), Marsh' has indicated the ischium and postpubis as being in contact along their whole length, but it would appear from the study of specimens in the National Museum collections that there was a longitudinal cleft between them, as In Omosaurus. In plate 80, figure 5, Dinosaurs of North America, Marsh shows the distal third of the ischia as meeting on the median J line. The shortness of these bones, in conjunction with the ou Seman gicaUu AoE great width of the sacrum, appears to make such a union Mansn. z, wat. size. Ix. lmpossible, and in an unpublished plate of the articulated TERNAL VIEW. @, ANTERIOR sacrum they are shown only in contact at their ends. Fur- END; 72, ARTICULAR END FOR . . . . mus; p, pusro arncura- thermore, none of the seven ischia in these collections shows TION; s, SYMPHYSIAL BORDER. inner surfaces adapted to or even suggestive of such a ‘carti- ee laginous symphysis. It is also noted that in the mounted skeleton of S. wngulatus in the Peabody Museum of Yale University the ends of the ischia are not in juxtaposition (pl. 36). Nopesa ” lays particular stress on the cleft between the pubis and ischium. He says: The longitudinal cleft between the pubis and the ischium, which is present in both species of Omosaurus and our Stegosaurus [S. priscus] is a character found in all primitive Ornithopoda; the clos- ing of this cleft observable in S. ungulatus must, therefore, be regarded as a mark of specialization. In view of what is now known of the manner of articulation of these bones, little weight is to be given Nopesa’s observations. Measurements of ischia. No. 4934. No. 2111. | mm mm Greatest length: .jsz2-2)- ss 222 eee 96-99 fll Bie e8 Scan eosesenadeeaerbrpSacds 114, 118 muchaleses 5225. < Se arse ere ase Bose 114, 115 PALE CUL Aree see sae soe eee oi a Pk 27, 37, 39 ArundelWormations=-s5"- eee = eee eee 30 Wahleye Hi Ge, work of) “42 easeeenes aan 2 Atstracalus serene 84, 85, 86, 87, 101, 103, 105, 109 Atlamtosaurus beds!s-2--22 5. s.5-22e see seise 105 BA as Stare eet ae es 45, 46, 47, 53, 63, 105, 124 Auditory meatus, internal. .........-.---. 33 HAKISE PO an arene te 45, 56, 47, 53, 63, 105 B. Basiocet pital sme eee eee: 27, 28; 29, 30, 41 Basisphenoid-.---...-.-- 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 36, 41-43 Beecher © Br agspee ste eae ors oe sey ae ene 97 Beekley, A. L., fossil remains discovered by 122 Berger, Frederick, drawings by-.--.--.-.-.---- 2 Big Horn County, see Wyoming. (BITS ee) pact eps as tee SE 101 Bond, Frank, restoration eae Bee See a 123 Boss, N. H., work of-- Bee eee oe 2 Brachial Guibas | see ete Game Brachyceratops montanensis Gilmore. ----- 32, 88 Brain, description of.......-.--- 43, 44, 56,57, 101 CANIM oe seed ope aoe ciate cet 102, 103 Bressler) C: Vi, work of 392 soe Soe ae ee 2 Brontosaurus.....---- . 25, 76, 88, 90 excelsus Marsh. - Hae 2,88 IBrOOTIM aE seer ae eae ee Seer a ern hep et De 32 51873°—Bull. 89—14——11 Page. Brown, Barnum, on Triceratops ..-.------- 66 on Ankylosaurus -.-- -- - - 66, 115 Brown, Fred, fossil remains collected by - - - 26 WOTK Olst pci ee ee ee rae 3,4 Buffalo Gap Station, South Dakota, fossil specimens found near... ...--..-.------ 114 C. Calcancumeeee see serena: 84-86, 87, 103, 105, 109 Calico Canyon, South Dakota, fossil speci- Mensou darn ee ee sss eee 114 Camptonotidzeseessse sees ee ee 109 G@amptosaunid steerer roe ener 30, 84, 109 Camptosaurus....... 2, 27-30, 32-34, 37, 39-42, 44, 45, 47, 50, 51, 61, 66, 84, 114, 125 browmnitGilmoremene sss ee eee t depressus Gilmore ..........-.-.----- 4,114 disparjMarsh tater oe ene ee ener 4, 88 medius Marshes ene ae 4, 25 manus *Marshtieeren se sna eseeroe eee 4 Canal, haemal._..----- BR y Peyceorenyee ee ners 61 Canon City, Colorado, fossil specimens TOUNGMeCAT ERE ee eee encere ce eeeere 24, 105 Warapacese seeree emer re ee ase ser 118 Carbon County, see Wyoming. Carinds=2 secon peas ccemoricins seea ete 100 @arotidvartenteste nc cree ee eee acer 30, 43 Carpalsiae sense eee ere 71, 73, 83, 101, 109, 125 Carpuseerc er oen ieee ee oan 70-72, 75, 105 Caudals, see Vertebrae. Gando-sacrallese tees eee ie peas 5S 54, 55, 57, 59 Cavityamedullany Ae er sees eee eee 68 Centrumee See ae cee e ae sess 54, 57, 62, 117 Ceratodus giintheri Marsh.............----- 25 G@eratopsia= = 225 222-- ~~~. = - 41,77, 83, 110 Ceratopsianee eee eceeeee ee 32, 68, 84, 122, 125, 126 Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh....-.---...-- 25 @erebellum eee ec ate tote etree siete aks 43 Cervical vertebrae... - 47-49, 50, 91, 102, 124, 125 Ghevronma seas ee) fe 60, 61, 62, 98, 103, 105 @ la ogarustesen tonal sem ela eles Pee eee 66 lawl BS os Ee ee rs an a as oe jeresia cineyae 90 138 INDEX. Page. Page. Cleats aoe wes ce cnit sane es hee ceoes = 5 59 | Dryolestes gracilis Marsh... .........-..-- 25 Cody, Wyoming, fossil specimens found near 122 | Dryosaurus.......................-------- 30 CoeltrusiacilisiMarshts-s=sss eee sees eae 25 altus(Marsh2:2220 2 5.seen ee enoee 4 fractlisiMarsheememere eee aes = ae 4 E Colorado, fossil remains discovered in.--- 101, 103 Mlephant 0 sic. o?. ete sens 43, 75, 125 Fremont County, fossil remains discoy- Blephaseeeeee 76.81 ered bins rea seen cee ese ROS LOG: || Sri trees ch) Te Oceans re d Como, Wyoming, fossil remains discovered Pe SOG aos ae oe ea mae acl Lu iN =P 0 Europe, Stegosauria from................-- 101 Gani IE SST EC ar PPS RIE cei aise an 2 eo ey @ondiylesss.24- oc en eee eee eee eens 84, 113 1M anner|(an ternal) eases eee eee GPE TG tity? MENGES. sco sceccumancecesecconesssccses 62, 63, 87 outer (external)_---...--.---- 82, 101, 116, 117 GA Ee cocoa oosacssaoasesSSaa0=o- 51, 64 TAC Oe ee eee ee at Se 68, 115 Chevrones 222 ee ee eee eee 60, 61, 117 Tre ids Jean cetera onmine lth ett ts 68, 115 cubercularte ese. s2 eee = ee eaee ene 64 Converse County, see Wyoming. Bacialinenye=eases ses ae eee eee 33 Cope, E. D., fossil remains described by... 101 | Felch, M. P., discovery of fossil specimens Woracoids eos = =eae eee 65,66 67 68.105: U1400d ss || Dy ee ances asese ease eae ee P eee ee 24, 25 OTOTIOIC een ee ee a hehe TEEN 37,39 fossil remains collected by. ..-.--.--- 26, 105, 106 Ora ACOMIUS Sse ise hme Benes ee, Nee TDL |] JOSH coe cnassocoascgseqasaaoencscassags 55, 68, Wrest VeneMnialeeys tye ene eam 84 80-83, 84, 88, 101, 103, 105, 108, 111, 113, 114 Teas EAL kis Gogil Beder oa abet yt se la ene a 68 | Fenestra ovalis..........--- 116, 117, 118, 121, 122 Grocodiliaseeae eee 32, 41, 63, 100, 115, 123 | Fergus County, see Montana. Bibulalessos- 84, 85, 86-88, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109 D. Hoothfore sc --e beta saseee 68, 70-77, 107, 109, 125 Dacen truruss. crs. seceeisee see ie else seje mi 102 hind... --.--2---2-4+22s+-2c22225 86-90, 106 Dart, A. C., fossil remains collected by. - 111 Foramen, anterior condyloid .--.--.-..- 29, 41, 42 Deion N. H. , fossil remains collected ie. 114 Deiat eeatae oe acc ocaase- bon ses2sanc a iDEA Da emg Mega wns ot 115 coracoid..-...- oe E EEE Gos esuces eae 67, 115 Don ary eee a ae coe 27, 37, 38, 44, 105 external mandibular.-.........-..----- 39,102 Dentition, see Teeth. lacerum posterius: 9° --- === - === a Depressions, anconeal. ....--------------- 68 DERSLER ER eS Aesiy trochléar <2 5S seats 68 mental REE DS Se, eS 37 Dermal, armor, see Armor. CHEN A/a bc Socaass soso a osacos abc aS OSSICleS! 22. 3-5 Ae aa ee eee 91, 92 oer Riis bain SR OPEC ea 31, 32, 3 PUDIC Bee see er eons eee eee ere ae a aaa Boramina, lesserse==5 ss-2 es eee eee 41-43 Description of species----2 22. - 2-2 -5----- 104-113 ec LEUBSapeiapauec ase saad asesassgsthose a Dinpo pbyacs 147949152154) 56167163. 98, 113 VIN jl ene tenes ee gece cae cee Dies Disits: (0... 68, 70,73, 75-77, 86-89, 101, 103, 125)| Pose, Stenot do UGGS Dinosaur armor from Lance formation.... 121-122 WSU Or sees ksssone sess Zp Sey TR can Se ee ae 103, 116 lower temporal Sesesdesesesncesdcosenes 105 Di plodocusse--—a5--eeeee ceo - ae eee 28, HEARSHO MED ocsdecasscndoacascasseceo: 38 43, 63, 64, 67, 76, 81, 82, 88, 101, 117, 125 Olecran Gn: 7:7 <" agli aciahane ageeae 115 carnegil Hatcher. ..-..--.-.---- 88 Peary, eee TT ser: ay) pee longus Marsh aa eae Seen ae WAS 25 supraorbital ODI SS GE OREO OSH HAGRT OS 33, 41 Diracodon. .. % be eee ante) a 71, 101, 108 a ae : é a =i Bt 28, 31, 32, 35, 40, 105 Naticepsi\arshsseey eens 4, 104, 109 | Fremont County, see Colorado. Dollo, Louis, Seoee of Stegosaurus...- 126 | Frontals.......--.----- 27,30, 31, 32, 33, 40, 48, 105 Dovetail Butte, Montana, fossil remains G. found (meats: ao at Sieve cis cians ec ety 129 || Galltias.<-s<.55. 5029-086 eee 82 Doyle, Arthur Conan, restoration published Garden Park, Colo., fossil remains found Dy seser a ectie eo ea eee se eree een eoeaee 123) | din 22s sees soe ose ee eee eee 105, 106 INDEX. 139 ‘ j Ease: J. Page. Geare, R. I., restoration published by. ---- 123 Jaw, lower.....--.--- 28, 37-40, 44, 81, 102, 103, 105 Giles, Gio TBs UGS OS 3 code e oan see etpoctch Zi principal measurements.-.-.....----.- 40 Gilmore, C. W., on Camptosaurus...------- «39 Tera Mens ASE AHL EPR AS 27, 32, 33, 34, 41 ; on Thescelosaurus....-..-. 66 Jugular foramen, see Foramen lacerium Girdle\ pectoral ns-- eins = eee tne 121 posterius. Glyptops plicatulus (Cope).-..-.......-.- 4,25 | Jurassic formation. .......... 58, 101, 105, 109, 111 Goniopholisispeecsserct ce secre eee 4, 25 Grooverradialls sae eee meee ae 70 K. VESEY Sepa Ge e2be see eq sere oee 92,93, 99 Kenney, J. L., fossil remains collected by-.- 3, 109 Gutlar, ‘scutes == - <2 = 2-22 2 eee SE ee Knight, Charles R., restorations by-------.-- 102, He 106, 123, 125 Haplocanthosaurus.....-.-.-.------------- 52 | Knight, W. C., restoration made under direc- Haplocanthosaurus priscus Hatcher. --..--- 25 TOTO Lea en Lae, Cotta Gare anne 423 utterbacki Hatcher... .. 25 Hatcher, J. B., fossil remains collected L. byetesaen cies Grease 114, 122 | Labrosaurus ferox Marsh. .......---.------ 25 on Brontosaurus. ..-.-.---- 90)|\:hachrymal Ssseseee= sae eee eee nol Os. 41. oni Ceratopsiagssee eeees a eere Aiba |akotatorma tion maces sss see soe es 114 on¥Diplodocushs=sesss- oss 67 | Lambe, L. M., on dermal covering of Cera- on dinosaur beds........--- 25 COP SLS ANGE AER IRE TENT ahuleratss Wey 2 es eee et oi 126 on direction of work......-- oy Malle Geb cctha ene eee met Se oor eae 56 on Triceratops......-- 7Ob21enl22|ancettormationesree sree eer eeeae 121, 122 Hay, O. P., on Triceratops. ......-.-.-..-.. 30,42 | Lankester, E. Ray, restoration published by 123 on classification Stegosauridae.. 102 | Laosaurus:.--.....--..-.----------------- 109 Helodermas skull Seseeess sac eae 91 gracihs! Marshes essen see 25 Hewett, D. F., fossil remains collected by.. 122 | Limbs, fore................. 101, 103, 107, 121, 125 fel Gromalerus ys y= 5- Sp aeee eeeae tee 118 [MHD 5 donated acecssdasgnssesescon 101 amd slim bs eee eae 57, 80, 82, 83 | Lucas, F. A., fossil remains described by... 114 Holland, W.J., on Diplodocus............. 63, 64 on dermal armor Stegosaurus. 95, Hoplitosaurus.......--- 102, 114-116, 118, 120, 122 96, 97, 102 : marshi (Lucas)...--.-- 114-121, 122 on Hoplitosaurus. ..-.-- 102, 118, 119 Horncore; supraorbital= 9222-2222 -4-2 2 110 on Stegosaurus. -.-...------- 40, JEKoaAh? Con Outil eacessongudeHade sSeoseee Sock 99 94, 96, 102, 106, 123 Huene, F. von, on Stegosaurus. .........-. 39 WOLK Of 4x eee so ty eee 1 onviniceratopssss- eee 29,39 | Lull, R. S., figures by....,-.......-:...-97, 98, 99 SFR Tan CTU gee ae fare es eee anne le LAN SS ee 67, fossil remains described by. - - - 30 68, 69, 83, 103, 105, 109, 114, 115, 116, 125 on brain of Stegosaurus. ------- 43, 44 Hutchinson, H. N., restoration of Stego- on dermal armor Stegosaurus... 97, SAVUTUS See ee Cate eee A ee eee 123 98, 100, 103 Huxley, on Acanthopholis....--...--.-... 118 on femur of Stegosaurus. ------- 83 on family Scelidosauridae ........ 114 on mounted skeleton of Stego- Ey IAeCOSAUTUB 22 eens e222 101, 115, 118, 120 SUAS comacecdosuas oe 124, 125, 126 EL VOL Bem ee neat an ee aap aman 40 on neural cavity of Stegosaurus. bY 4 Ey poclossalenenyeesee ps ee eee ae aa eee 29, 41 on restoration of Stegosaurus... 124 Hypsilophodon foxii Hulke..-............. 33 on ribs of Stegosaurus......---- 64 Hypsirophus discursus Cope..-.------.-- 101, 102 on teeth of Stegosaurus... ....-- 44 seeleyanus Cope .--..----.-.. 101 on vertebrae of Stegosaurus... -- 51 I Workiolt sis Sat hase seas eee 1 Iguanodon. Be irda x . 28, 32, 39, 41, 45, 61, 81 Lydekker, R., on Omosaurus--...---------- 102 bernissartensis Boulenger....... 33 on Stegosaurus. .....---.-- 33, 102 Ilium... ..- 52, 54, 56, 57, 59, 77, 78, 79, 83, 105, 107 M. Ini Cer Centrum seep ap tesserae ee eae 45, 46463sMalleousmexteraless---ae- ese eee 84, 87 Iinfenme duis eee eae TOS Cl 7X TR} ES MOS) || Wien Ee eae ase ee banooeenee 68, 84, 115 Ischium.. 55, 57, 77, 78, 79, 80, 101, 105. 109, 111, 113 | Mandible, see Jaw. 140 INDEX. Page. | Page. WEEE Soe See eae eee 72, 74, 89, 90, 101, 103 | Neural arch..._........ 49, 50, 57, 78, 102, 103, 117 Merl OL Ch inernes) lysed se ooecs soe dessee os) NeUralicana eeeeere sees 46-50, 56, 59, 101, 103, 117 44, 48, 52, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 63, 66, e brachial enlargement-...-............- 50 69, 78-80, 82, 84, 88, 90-92, 94, 122 | Neural cavity, see Sacral aang. fossil collections of.......... 24,106 | Neural processes--.--............-- 51,56, 113, 117 fossil remains described by... 1,26, | Neural spines.........-...._-- 49-52, 54, 56-59, 94 ATMS hONSOs S20. Neurapo physes see e eee eee eee eee eee As 102, 105, 106, 108-110 | New Haven, Conn., fossil collection shipped ‘ong Dina codonme-pee- ere ee aes LOO) RethOs See dene ba aha eerie ome e aise 106 onvHloplitosauTussseeee sacs hee) mell5 «| Nod osaunus-eeeesee oss sere ee 118 on™ Nodosaurusts-en asses oso TUS || INK oe SAI TG IBEW. Socoesecsceasgaceccosese- 47 on Stegosaurus...-....-...-- 43, 45, on¥Polacanthus! ere eee see 118-121 5d, 57, 61, 71, 88, 90, 91, 93, 94, 96, 125 on Stegosaurus. -.-..-..-- 52,64, 80-82, 96 WOEKGO Da aa GM eee aren ae et Im Notebhyantercon dylan, ses ee eee 82, 117 Mastod ones sine S see ceee saan nite aie sae ty ee 81 Maxillary.............. 2 27, 33, 34, 44, 105, 108, 109 Os Medullafobloneatase- = ass seer eee eee 43\ | Occipitall’condyle®2. 2.22226 sass: 28, 29, 45, 46, 125 Metacarpalsy--9-----.. 225-2. 71, 72, 13-%5, 77, 105 | Occipital segment. ............-....-..-.- 28 MINER, ¢ sSesacesecsss uedwadeesowss rei bs || Ouloiowonen co acgso we cootheesssasadmn ace 45, 46, 47 IMetatarsalseae ss: tee 87, 88, 89, 90, 101, 103 | Olfactory lobes.......-.....-...--........ 32 Mota tarsus@ieeee cen a alte Seer er opm Wee Prey || Munorenies 45 secbensseubewdecoscue 80, 101, 102 Merrill, George P., on examination of sand- armatus Owen==-7-.-2-------- 102 BRON} MMENAAOe yD alee ey oa GB ea eee she so sue 25 hasticer, Owenss-ee eee ee 102 Montana, Fergus County, fossil remains Openings in the skull, external.......... 40-43 sf OUTTA GL te es chore eae Fa 122 | Opisthotic peacdsuetsatoucsnaodeacsdeads 27, 29,32 Morrison, Colorado, fossil remains found Optics ches sees ome ease a Pee ere see 43 NCAT RD Baka ni ecmne bea eho acre aye 103 | Orbitosphenoid....................-. 27,30, 31, 43 formationes eer eeseeme an (03ST O5 lOO nTime Obits = essence ee 27, 28, 33, 41, 102, 105 Morosaurus Beas E Cee ee ee es SS 4 Ornithopoda SSoesA Ga Ssocgescs 30, 55, 80, 87, 88, 102 eveailits NDWEIN=e-o5sed5-5ccceben 95) | Oxmithopodidaee: nen =-eea- eee 82 lentusiMarshiveceyec. yam tale 4 | Osborn, H. F., on Diplodocus...-..-...-- 81, 117 Muscles, CAIILG O=TeMO ra) Pare yee enn 82 @ssicles! ase eee 91, 99, 103, 105, 115, 118, 124, 126 EK OR ae RAI Ome ll Gc ng R MN ths 34 | Osteology of Stegosaurus. - - - - Gvosscsrecse 26-100 SLES: © Meee eNO aie ia eee USE 117 | Owen, Richard, on Iguanodon..-..---.-.---- 81 : on Scelidosaurus. ---.----- 124 N. INCH, 22 Netenatee Sheet ee Ee 70, 125 | P. INaress antenion serait yep se 445105 Palatine ts oes eke he ee enema 27, 34, 36 DOSLCRION SS teins ys sie re a eee S640 Para occipital se see se ieee oes: 27, 28, 29 Nana Woriticele mre n sess eer ey eee ryt rsa 33)104))| bara pophiyses’ sem sets =i sts one 48, 50, 54, 63 Nasalls8- e592 cena uunjolso2asano4 4 102) 105 Parietal sao-2 sees ae 20 nsONst Sano NAO OD Natrona County, see Wyoming. | Redunclesischiac=-<-5 2 2552282252272 ee 78, 79 Neck so seeea 1. <= 163591196598, 99.107 109) 128-195 hs pubic eres ms eaten anne es Wee Bueno ONC Nerves flacialen 832i Was es eo ae sarees nett ADT pel wiciarchs e1sr ote =e see eee 53, 56 clossophanyaceslaeeee ee See eens ADORE se acter ete ae 77, 79, 99, 103, 107, 125 oculomotorne aise sec sae see see 481 AR Gaze setae a ie tnt ues ets tans 86, £0, 101, 103 olfactoryetess sess ee 31,43 | Phalanges. - .. . 70, 74, 75-77, 87, 88, 89, 90, 105, 125 lOO SSE Aes eames ws Anne anes Oe aia ery 43 \ iP Weiler spe eye eee taney Sees 3) ese ey et 73-77, 89 PNeUM OFas trl Chesser ees eee 42} Pisces ts: Reese lacs tee oo ea ae 4,25 BE Chal Desay Sas Soh hy UO Mae cape ernie ls Bs BG: || JRSM oe Geos seSebscse cee 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 109 trigemmiall 22 Jee ae eee see ee 42) | Patuttary, body eee. aero ere 43 SUELO TIS aE See ort Le ee ee ea | Plates, caudal.....--.......--.---- 93-95, 115, 124 INervousisySstemMei einer eisai scans 57 dermal = ees 51, 97-103, 105-107, 109, Neuracentras assess ase Sr oe eran 45, 46 114, 115, 119, 120, 122-124, 126 INDEX. 141 Page. Page Plates orsall eevee tsetse are 52, 92-93, 115 | Reed, W. H., material loaned. ....-..-..-- 1 measurements)Ofas eee ae eee ee 100 EOL K Of Seren ett fe Breese a 3,4 morpholosyiolsaes vary eile et ener 100 | Restorations of Stegosaurus........-...-- 122-126 TREO le eres eae ae wales els Uns eine GACT QUI MRTD Sep ae nese terme earls ws aie h eo bya ray A Gat 54, 55 Pleurocoelus nanus Marsh. ..-.-..-..--5:::- 30 57, 68, 64, 78, 98, 105,107, Polacanthus. 2 22-22. 2 101, 114, 116, 118-120, 122 108, 111, 113, 114, 117, 118 Honore nulls Wo ke See tee as ee 121 Cal alla ePaper es ee OOD ONOO IBOSLEDnpOrally ane asses Seer 40 Gauclorsnomle 2-5 so Sido de deedee soesex 108 Postfrontal................--- 27, 28,31, 32,35, 105 Cel Cale ee eae: 45, 47, 63, 102, 105 Postorbital.............. 27,30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 40, 41 orsal eam aim May Nn ch 52, 63, 64, 102 Postpubiss= ss: 25-seer eens see < eee 78, 79, 80, 101 SACrale nese a eee oe 52, 54-56, 63, 78 PRostsupracrbitale-- sess ee eee 27, 32, 33 stermalsaspeetc Ati ce ass ecece eee eee 65 Breanticulartae aos. see eee eee er Aoi getepou): || Iegsh IDy =o poadadsoos coreseeee secon ses 54 Rredentatrys 225282 Sins eat eee 27, 37, 88, 105 | Roberts, G. E., restoration by..-.-.-.....-. 123 ipredenta tascam set ace eee ee crear ce 39 s bredentatess ec hea eee sate ee 66 P is Bretrontalee asa eee 27, 82, 33, 105 SEAGNO-GOIGHN So So cued snobasnenices see fe Be ELenes SE segeieonceeee 27, 88, 34, 38, 41, 105 | SAUTOPOd.-.---------------------- soe BEL UUM iBresacralsaaeee: eee 45, 49, 50, 52, 54, 63, 105 Sauropodar.---e-)- ote ose oh 56, 59. 64, 77 DRqUnMONGls osuccas soe cacedseededese ance BRED Sacrals.. pSogseceessoscbsed (BEERS Soe 52-54, 105, 108 (Presupraonbi tall eis see 27, 32, 33, 41 isu SCANT S fey Iai a TN a Se ee We 19,51, 58 5, 58, 62, 64, 78,80, 97 expitiale. i Scat ee aie tae Re 63, 64 101, 103, 105, 108, 111, 118, 122, 124 OGM = 4 ooctecesceqedsede 68, 69, 103, 125 SEMMIOWGl, 18 deg WANED Oke onegs 2beoaasteencc TEE spinous...... ere Some ae 52,59, 113 Scapula. Soe eee eos 66, 67, 105, 109, 114, 115 imamsversee.. 51152155, 57259164. 78112) 113) | SCC NOU 101, 114 Ftc Eee ee eee an a 8 63 Scelidosaurus. - - wot ercsetereeee 33, 101, 118, 124 Ta alt. oe ee ee eet 27, 29, 30, 32, 38, 42 : harrisoni Owen..---...-.....- 88 Rienyooid 2.2 oases Sse ee oe 27, 30, 35, 36, 41 SGISHONG WEYES oe ra2 ace os oraesbes-Seoebe: a Du bitiey cote 55, 77, 18, 79, 80, 105, 111 | SCutes-------------------------- 91, 100, 118-121 Sesamod sesso ers yoo ey eae eo oe ee 89, 90 Q. : SRoulderioundll ec Sees eee ees 66 Quadrate.........- _...--- 27,29, 34, 35, 36, 39, 40 | Skeleton, mounted.................... 83, 90, 103 Quadratojucalen ere eee ee ee 27) 34,35, 40) Sime = 2-2-2522. 91, 92, 95, 97-99, 120 Oprinny NO, Mee kop -2 asso dacaccssesses DB, 10S, 11S || SUM, Scosca. 26-44, 63, 101-103, 105, 106, 109. 125 SPR APTL ay eee Se Oe amen Rs oe 25 list of known elements--.........2-.-- 27 NSCOR yao eee ae Nene ss Uae ee 24 MYCASUTEM CNUS ari tage eee ere 36 MSC LIGTING Ree Seo er aE ea ea a 24 summary of materials................. 26 lin Oi ql Gens deel Ueeubdecncoo: 95 | Smillie, T. W., photographs by... .....:-. 2 @Quancyg Nowe 3s se eee eee ees See em ON G5 093) S101 whee sTesLOrAULON SID ya eee ra eee= eee oe 123 PULITIATO fae ee ey 4 | South Dakota, fossil specimens found in... 114 istonygoie ee eae yo ee eee o.|| Somes, Game. 445.5 Ss.5esscesauscedasz 115 list of fossil remains collected... -...-.- 5-24 derma eerie eee eee eee 91,93, VOCAL OTTER O Lee ee mn ee al 3, 109 94, 95, 96, 99, 101, 103, 105, plan OLS OL erste se Ae oe ae lynne 3,4 107-112, 114, 119, 121-124 tubercular’ as erias eaveere hs pase 92 R. Splenialtace seers ets eee ee act 27, 37, 38, 39 Radiales saeco ees ZO jad WiSs/As On| Squamosaleeeeer nase emer rt TaD oso mea 40 Reads hate er ers CON iy (Al OowOO MON Stecopeltassss seems ssa eae serena 100, 118 Ramus mandibular, see Jaw. StecOsalnl ate sere renee ea 1, 101, 102, 110 Reed, W. H., fossil remains collected by... 26, | Stegosaurian..... 52, 65, 81, 91, 99, 103, 116, 124, 125 TAAL TNS). MShiereseamCh Yas oooascomeecadosussenea 83, 86, 101 fossil remains discovered by . ll iS COM OSATIET Cl Caner vere aerate eye ean tlre 102, 103 142 INDEX. Page. Page. SLOCOBAUITUSS = Somers eee aceon mee L.2) | Doest ose ess = ssn stee set comes eee eee 70, 87, 88, 90 26-28450-33;G0) 375 09-41) 43-46,, 49" LOKtOises- =p aene eee eee eee eee eee eee 90 52,56-58, 60-72, 76-91,96-99,101-103, | Trachodon ....... 1, 28, 32, 45, 52, 61, 63, 66, 84, 125 105,106,108, 109,113-118, 122-124, 126 AMICI consesanseesseaecc 65, 66, 88 afinispMarshver asses HOT 0241045) rans palatine see ae eee ene 36 aArmMatus!Varsheesss= sepa eee D5aalehricera tops see see eee 28, 30, 39, 42, 44, 51, 52, 26, 31, 32, 40, 55, 101-104 69, 78, 79, 81, 82, 84, 114, 121, 122, 125 (Omosaurus) armatus (Owen).. 104 | Trochanter.............-..---..-.-------- 82, 83 discursus (Cope)-.-.--------. 102, 104 fourths. b a2e-be fences 82, 103, 116, 117 duplex Marsh -........... 55, 102-104 Creat 6 ee Senet ac eee 81, 82, 113, 116, 117 durobrivensis Hulke....._._.- 104 lesser 2225 #528552 282 81, 82, 103, 108, 113, 116 (Omosaurus) hastiger (Owen).. 104 MA] OF ose e222 = 2 le eee 81, 7 longispinus Gilmore..........- 81, third: tie .cs2 e252 Roe eee eee 82, 101 SN 951045109 193))|) Lrochil ea ey ste yates yee 68, $2, 115 marshi (Lucas)... _- TOD 0451014995: brodd onee ees eee tes ee eee eee 4 priscus Nopesa........- Zip Gp TNA || Abul Os 552 sseccmepesncrcssseso0s5se~ 64, 120 seeleyanus (Cope). ......-.- 10281040) Mw berosi G yee ete ee eee eee 89 SLENOPS eee ee essa ee eee ees onde Sreater— 52 - y. 22 = 22 ne 68 25-27, 31-33, 35-37, 40, 43-45, 50, lessel Aiea pes eee eee ee 68 53-57, 59, 61, 63, 67, 68, 70, 74, 75, 7 78, 79, 81-85, 93,95-97,100,102, 104, 106, 109, 112, 113, 122, 123, 125.126 | Ulna......---- 69, 70-72, 74, 103, 105, 109, 110, 125 description of type-specimen... 104- | Ulnare............-.---------- 70, 71, 72, 74, 109 109; |{Uneualagees ee eee eee 75-77, 88, $9, 90 history of type-specimen....... 106 | University of Wyoming, fossil specimens position of the skeleton... ..- - 106/| ‘belonging’to-----.-..-.----.. = 81, 111-113, 123 theory of fossilization.....-- 107,108 | Utterback, W. H., work of. ...........---- 24 sulcatush Marshes seer eee 4, 68-70, Vv 73, 74, 76, 92, 95, 96, 102, 104, 108, 109— ¢ Tid) | Wacuitiesy palatine == a2 pee ea eee eeeeee 41 ungulatus Marsh. ..._... 4, 45, 50, 53- SUpraorbital ees eee eens 28 60, 63, 66-69, 79-S4, 88, 89,91, 92,94 | Valentine, Mont., fossilremainsfound near. 122 96, 101-104, 108-110, 118, 116, 122,125 | Vertebrae. -..-.-.....-.-.-.--.-.-- 51-53, 55-59, Sterna lebones sees ease ean 65, 66, S2 | 63, 64, 91, 93, 96, 98-103, 105-107, 111, 114 SUL Cee sme ates ae hee Se he RA 109, 110 | Cada ees eee ee na ere 54, 57, 58-61, 62, Supinatonmidcesseesees sean ee en 68, 115 | 93, 96, 99, 103, 105, 106, 109, 111-114, 117 SUpraccei pital Steer seer eee 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 41 Cenvicaliesas eee 47-49, 50, 91, 102, 124, 125 Supraorbital yee see sere sees 28, 38, 41, 103 | dorsabs 0s oS ase acter gaae 45, Suranenlare 0) yeep ee eee ROT AS Teas eso) 48, 49-52, 55, 63, 103, 113-115, 117, 124 Suture -coraco-scapulan= sss ese ee ee 67 | dorso-sacrall 2 Ss2)-- sss eee 45, 52, 53-56, 63 lumbar. Scns ce eee once eee ereee 45, 100 qT lj Seneral oy Sse caters 53, 55, 56, 105, 107 {ini ie copaee eee nee ee 57-59, 61, 62, 91, 94-96, 99, | Vertebral column. .---....-..-- 45-61, 52, 54, 59 103, 106, 108, 111, 113, 117, 118, 122, 123-125 | formula ee eee ee eee 45 WRarsalls tenner sce nee rpspot ee clic e x on POM} WGHiGes sis sadeeccsoosocescsseseusedsss SL SB Marsusssse7 541-5 ses CCRC ae ate Car 86 | E Teeth _.. 34,37, 44, 45, 101-103, 105, 109, 126 We uthero pod amen stance eee ee eee 77 | Wait, G. L., fossil remains collected by.... 122 sithescelosauruss=ssessee ee sere eee re ee eee 667) Wealldentiorma tion =s=-see == =eeee ee eeee eee 114 neglectus Gilmore-.........- 88 | Weber, Rudolph, drawings by--.-..------- 2 FRhTOs bse sor Saye Hee eee eee ees 103, 115,118 | Wieland, G. R., on dinosaurian armor. - - -- 121 mhyr ohiy sls ee ote eye ae oe earn See Ne 40 on Hierosaurus .-----.-- 118, 122 {Pi biases er 84, 85-88, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109 24 Williston SsiWeaworkdolese peers eaea=e Wyoming, Albany County, fossil remains discoveredsinees= te reeeer see eee eee Big Horn County, fossil remains dis- CONETC Gs Neen sep cine seo eel sero toey Carbon County, fossil remains dis- Covieredbints 2530s se spas see seey Converse County, fossil remains col- Vectedeim =e ve ey Mey ee Mn Natrona County, fossil remains dis- COVELEGHIN 2 Stam eles eval sa seine INDEX. 143 Page. ve Page. pYalewWniversityees- e-seteeee eee rea: 121, 124 2,109 | Yoke, sacricostal........--------- 54, 55, 57, 108 122 Z. Zittel, Karl, on Diracodon laticeps. - ------ 109 122 on Stegosaurus .....-...--- 102, 103 Zygapophyses....-..--.------ 46, 49, 52, 57-60, 99 IGP) || CARGO NVC se cea oanosoesocascoobassacase 52 111