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1994-7

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OSWEGO WETLAND MITIGATION SITE:
FINAL HYDROGEOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION REPORT

(U.S. Route 34 at Waubansee Creek
Oswego, Kendall County, Illinois)

James J. Miner

Christine S. Fucciolo

Michael V. Miller

Illinois State Geological Survey

Lakes, Streams, and Wetlands Unit

615 East Peabody Drive

Champaign, Illinois 61820-6964

Submitted under Contract No. AE89005 to

Illinois Department of Transportation

Bureau of Design and Environment, Wetlands Unit

2300 South Dirksen Parkway

Springfield, Illinois 62764

October 21, 1994

Illinois State Geological Survey

Open File Series 1994-7

•ssa?

OSWEGO WETLAND MITIGATION SITE:
FINAL HYDROGEOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION REPORT

(U.S. Route 34 at Waubansee Creek
Oswego, Kendall County, Illinois)

James J. Miner

Christine S. Fucciolo

Michael V. Miller

Illinois State Geological Survey

Lakes, Streams, and Wetlands Unit

615 East Peabody Drive

Champaign, Illinois 61820-6964

Submitted under Contract No. AE89005 to

Illinois Department of Transportation

Bureau of Design and Environment, Wetlands Unit

2300 South Dirksen Parkway

Springfield, Illinois 62764

October 21, 1994

Illinois State Geological Survey

Open File Series 1994-7

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2012 with funding from

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

http://archive.org/details/oswegowetlandmit19947mine

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 1

METHODS 2

GEOLOGY 3

Regional Setting 3

Site Characterization 5

Conclusions 7

HYDROLOGY 7

Regional Setting 7

Site Characterization 7

Conclusions 10

Monitoring 1 1

SUMMARY 11

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 1

REFERENCES 12

APPENDIX A Geologic Cross Sections and Logs of Borings at Oswego Site 13

Parti Index of Geologic Symbols 13

Part 2 Geologic Cross Sections 14

Part 3 Geologic Logs of Borings 16

APPENDIX B Water-Level Elevations and Depths to Water Below Land Surface 28

APPENDIX C Well Construction Information 30

FIGURES

1 Study area and vicinity 1

2 Site map showing boring/well locations, stage-gauge locations,

cross sections, proposed mitigation site, and existing wetland area 2

3 Geologic map of the bedrock surface showing bedrock units

in northeastern Illinois 4

4 Portion of the map of the surficial geology of the Chicago region showing the
stratigraphic units below the study area 5

5 Portion of a map from So/7 Survey of Kendall County, Illinois, showing soils

in the study area 6

6 Hydrograph showing water-level elevations in wells and stage gauges in the

study area during monitoring between January 1993 and March 1994 8

7 Chart showing depth to ground water, referenced to land surface, at each well

site in the study area during monitoring between January 1993 and March 1994 8

8 Site map showing well locations and contours of the potentiometric surface

within sand unit C (Henry Formation) on March 18, 1994 10

TABLES

B1 Water-level elevations 28

B2 Depth to water in monitoring wells referenced to land surface 29

C1 Construction information for monitoring wells 30

INTRODUCTION

This report was prepared by the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) to provide the Illinois
Department of Transportation (I DOT) with information regarding the hydrogeologic charac-
terization and conditions during short-term monitoring in the potential wetland mitigation site
described below. This report provides geologic and hydrologic data for the study area and
describes planned long-term monitoring by ISGS.

The Oswego site is located north of U.S. Route 34 at the easternmost bridge crossing Wau-
bansee Creek on the east side of Oswego in Kendall County (T37N, R8E, Sec. 9, SE 1/4).
The study area is outlined in figure 1 . The study area includes an existing wetland and the
potential wetland mitigation site (fig. 2).

IDOT requested that (1) the ISGS determine the suitability of the potential site for wetland
mitigation; and (2) the existing wetland south of the mitigation site be included in this study
in order that the hydrogeologic parameters of that wetland be determined and considered in
designing the mitigation site. No geochemical characterization or monitoring was requested.

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Figure 1 Study area (outlined) and vicinity, as shown on the Aurora South 7.5-minute topographic
map (USGS 1954). Contour interval is 10 ft (3 m).

Figure 2 Site map showing boring/well and stage gauge locations, cross sec-
tions, proposed mitigation site, and existing wetland area. Topographic contours
are in meters referenced to National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD,
1929); contour interval is 3 m (10 ft).

In the summer of 1993, two excavations were made in the mitigation site adjacent to
Waubansee Creek. Surface- and ground-water levels in the study area will be monitored
through September 1998 or until monitoring is no longer required by IDOT. A final monitoring
report will be prepared by ISGS at that time.

METHODS

A series of seven borings was made to determine the geology of the study area (fig. 2).
Borings 1 and 2 were made by driving an aluminum pipe 76 mm (3 in.) in diameter into the
ground to depth, then extracting it to obtain a relatively undisturbed sample. Borings 3, 4, and
7 were made using a Mobile B-30S drilling rig with an 82 mm (3.25 in.) inner diameter
hollow-stem auger. Continuous sampling was performed while drilling these borings. Borings
5 and 6 were made using a 76-mm (3-in.) diameter hand auger.

Monitoring wells were installed in each geologic boring to determine the hydrology of the
study area. Stage gauges were installed in Waubansee Creek at points A and B (fig. 2) to
monitor creek levels. Monitoring wells were constructed of 2.54-cm (1 -in.) diameter Schedule
40 PVC pipe with 0.76-m (2.5-ft) slotted well screens; slot size was 0.25 mm (0.01 in.).

Wells installed in borings made with the Mobile drilling rig were constructed with a filter pack
of 0.25-0.5 mm (0.010-0.020 in.) diameter quartz sand placed in the annulus from the base
of the well screen to approximately 0.3 m (1 ft) above the top of the well screen. A seal of
bentonite was placed above the filter pack. The borings were backfilled with differing amounts
of bentonite and cuttings. Appendix C reports all well construction measurements.

Well screens installed in hand-augered borings were partially or fully driven to depth into
undisturbed materials below the base of the boring. Any well screen not fully driven below
the base of the boring was packed with sand, as described above. Wells were sealed with
bentonite to the land surface. Protective covers were placed over each well. Covers for
borings made with the Mobile drilling rig were set in approximately 0.3 m (1 ft) of concrete.

Elevations of wells and stage-measuring points were determined by leveling to third-order
accuracy from benchmarks provided by IDOT. A Sokkia B-1 automatic level and fiberglass
extending rods were used.

GEOLOGY

Regional Setting

Bedrock

The uppermost bedrock unit at the Oswego site consists of shaly and cherty dolomites of the
Alexandrian Series of the Silurian System (fig. 3) overlying shales and limestones of the
Ordovician System (Willman 1971). The bedrock surface in this area is generally horizontal
with bedrock units dipping approximately 2° to the east-northeast (Willman 1971).

Quaternary Sediments

Quaternary sediments increase in thickness from west to east across the study area (Piskin
and Bergstrom 1975, and ISGS well records on file). Bedrock crops out adjacent to the Fox
River approximately 1 .5 km (1 mi) to the west of the site. Sediment thickness increases to
approximately 15 m (50 ft) below the site. Within the Minooka Moraine (fig. 3), 3 km (2 mi)
east of the study area, sediments increase to greater than 30 m (100 ft) in thickness.

Well logs from the region (ISGS records on file) indicate that sediments consist of approxi-
mately 1.5-3 m (5-10 ft) of silty clay overlying 6-9 m (20-30 ft) of sand and gravel. Other
minor sedimentary units are occasionally present below these beds.

The silty clay deposited at the surface is classified as Cahokia Alluvium adjacent to Wau-
bansee Creek (Berg and Kempton 1988) but may include Richland Loess away from Wau-
bansee Creek (Curry et al. 1988). The underlying sand and gravel is classified as part of the
Batavia Member of the Henry Formation (fig. 4), which was deposited in glacial outwash
plains adjacent to moraines (Willman 1971). Glacial till of the Wedron Formation is present
at the surface approximately 3 km (2 mi) eastward in the Minooka Moraine (Berg and
Kempton 1988).

Soils

Figure 5 shows the soils located in the study area (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1978). A
body of Sawmill silty clay loam soil, which is listed as hydric by the Soil Conservation Service
(USDA 1991, rev. January 31, 1992), exists along the banks of the creek and within the
present wetland south of the mitigation site. Soils in the mitigation area and in the remainder
of the study area are not listed as hydric.

Figure 3 Geologic map of the bedrock surface showing bedrock units
in northeastern Illinois (from Willman 1971). Star indicates location of the
study area.

Figure 4 Portion of the map of the surficial geology of the Chicago region showing the stratigraphic
units below the study area (from Willman 1971). Map units: hb = Batavia Member, Henry Formation;
hm = Mackinaw Member, Batavia Formation; mi = Minooka Moraine, Yorkville Till Member, Wedron
Formation; ms = Marseilles Moraine, Yorkville Till Member; mhg = Marseilles-Huntley Ground Moraine,
Yorkville Till Member; S = Silurian bedrock. Arrow indicates study area.

Topography

The regional slope over the study area is westward approximately 3^ m/km (16-21 ft/mi)
(fig. 1). Regional drainage is westward toward the Fox River. Site drainage is west and north
toward Waubansee Creek, which in turn flows west-southwest toward the Fox River. Total
relief in the study area is approximately 5 m (16 ft). Waubansee Creek is incised between
1.5-3 m (5-10 ft) below the adjacent land surface. Creek banks are steep and actively
eroding in places.

Site Characterization

Data from the geologic borings were used to prepare two cross sections of the geology of
the study area (Appendix A). Locations of the cross sections are shown in figure 2. Logs of
geologic borings indicate that the uppermost unit of sediments across most of the study area

Figure 5 Portion of a map from So/7 Survey of Kendall County, Illinois, showing soils in the study area
(from USDA 1978). Soil types: 107 = Sawmill silty clay loam; 149 = Brenton silt loam; 325A/B =
Dresden silt loam; 327C2 = Fox silt loam; 369A = Waupecan silt loam. Study area is stippled.

is a body of sandy and clayey silt (labeled silt unit A), which probably contains both Richland
Loess and Cahokia Alluvium (Berg and Kempton 1 988, Curry et al. 1 988). As shown in cross
section A-A' (Appendix A), these sediments have been eroded in the floodplain of Wauban-
see Creek. This unit is approximately 2.6 m (8.5 ft) thick near the east bank of the creek and
thins to approximately 1 .5 m (5 ft) thick toward the eastern edge of the study area. This unit
and underlying beds dip toward the northwest at approximately 1.2-3.0 m/km (6-16 ft/mi).

A layer of peat (labeled peat unit B) occurs at the surface within the present wetland area
in the floodplain of Waubansee Creek (fig. 2). The peat is classified as part of the Grayslake
Peat (Willman 1971). This unit is approximately 0.76 m (2.5 ft) thick, including an underlying
0.46 m (1 .5 ft) thick layer of interbedded sand and peat. This unit occurs throughout the
wetland area and truncates laterally against the creek to the west and the edge of the
floodplain to the east, as shown in cross section A-A'.

Below silt unit A and peat unit B lies an interval of bedded sand and gravel (labeled sand
unit C) correlated with the Batavia Member of the Henry Formation (Berg and Kempton
1988). This unit is approximately 7.0 m (23 ft) thick on the east side of the study area and
thins to approximately 3.7 m (12 ft) thick near Waubansee Creek. Individual beds of sand
and sandy gravel are up to approximately 1 m thick. Some silt and silty sand beds are pres-
ent. Sands are medium to coarse and yellow to red. Gravel up to 50 mm (2 in.) in diameter
is present.

Below sand unit C lies a unit composed of silt loam and sandy loam diamicton interbedded
with sand and gravel (labeled diamicton unit D). Diamicton is a term used to describe all very
poorly sorted sediment, such as glacial tills and mud flows, without implying an origin of the
sediment (Eyles 1983, p. 13). The thickness of each bed ranges from 0.1-0.5 m (0.3-1.6 ft).
The base of this unit was not reached in borings made for this study; however, in a boring
adjacent to the west side of the study area across Waubansee Creek (Curry et al. 1 988), this
unit was approximately 4.0 m (13 ft) thick. As much as 2.0 m (6.5 ft) of this unit was pene-
trated in borings made for this study. This unit is classified as Maiden Till Member of the
Wedron Formation (Curry et al. 1988).

Conclusions

During the late Wisconsinan Stage, diamicton unit D (Maiden Till Member of the Wedron For-
mation) was deposited across the study area. The origin of this unit is unknown, but it may
have been deposited as a glacial till. Another possibility is that the diamicton may have been
formed by debris flows and other mass movements from the Minooka Moraine during depo-
sition at the front of the glacier. Afterward, sand unit C (Batavia Member of the Henry For-
mation) was deposited above the diamicton as part of a sheet of outwash issuing from the
Wisconsin glacier at the Minooka Moraine. The next unit to be deposited was silt unit A,
which contains loess deposited across the site and alluvium deposited within and adjacent
to Waubansee Creek. During this event, sand unit C was thinned by Waubansee Creek.
Later, erosion exposed sand unit C in the floodplain of Waubansee Creek, providing a
substrate for the deposition of peat unit B (Grayslake Peat) in the area of the present
wetland.

HYDROLOGY

Regional Setting

Water well records in the ISGS files indicate that water in private wells in the vicinity is
obtained from various bedrock aquifers. No records are on file for wells obtaining water from
Quaternary sediments.

Waubansee Creek drains southwestward toward the Fox River, which is approximately 12 m
(40 ft) lower in elevation. Because the Fox River has eroded to bedrock, it is probable that
regional ground-water flow in Quaternary sediments of the study area is toward the river.

Site Characterization

Ground Water

Monitoring wells were installed in all geologic borings to identify the local ground-water flow
system and measure the levels of any sources of ground water that sustain the present wet-
land and those that have the potential to sustain wetlands in the mitigation area. Monitoring
wells and stage elevations were measured monthly during the study period. Because sand
unit C is a shallow aquifer that underlies the entire study area, monitoring wells were installed
at various depths and locations within sand unit C with the exception of boring 3.

Figure 6 is a hydrograph showing ground-water measurements in each well and stage of
Waubansee Creek from the time of installation to March 18, 1994. Figure 7 shows the depth
to ground-water levels below land surface at each well. All well and stage readings are
summarized in Appendix B.

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- well 1

- well 2

- well 3 upper

- well 3 lower
~ well 4

- well 5

- well 6

- well 7 upper

- well 7 lower

- gauge A

- gauge B

Figure 6 Hydrograph showing water-level elevations in wells and stage gauges in the study area
during monitoring between January 1993 and March 1994.

Jan 93 Mar 93 May 93 Jul 93 Sep 93 Nov 93 Jan 94 Mar 94 May 94
+ 1.00

4.00

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well 1
well 2

well 3 upper
well 3 lower
well 4
well 5
well 6

well 7 upper
well 7 lower

Figure 7 Chart showing depth to ground water, referenced to land surface, at each well site in the
study area during monitoring between January 1 993 and March 1 994. Plus sign indicates water above
land surface.

These hydrographs can be used to infer general trends regarding the hydrology of the site.
However, monthly readings do not record transient events and may attenuate the actual vari-
ations in levels. Water levels in the study area during the monitoring period were highest in
the spring when precipitation is generally high and evapotranspiration generally low (Hen-
sel 1992). Water levels decreased during the summer when evapotranspiration generally
increases and precipitation decreases.

Changes in water levels also vary between wells. Irregular and rapid changes in level occur
in relatively shallow wells (e.g. wells 1 and 2), as compared with deeper wells (e.g. well 3).
During November 1 993, wells 1 , 2, 4, and 5 had sharp rises in water levels to the extent that
ground-water flow reversed toward well 3. During this time, well 3 showed only a gradual rise
in water level, which lasted several months longer than the higher water levels in the other
wells. This may indicate that precipitation and seasonal changes in evapotranspiration
strongly affect shallow wells, whereas longer term or regional conditions are more likely to
affect deeper wells.

Boring 7 contains wells screened in shallower and deeper portions of sand unit C. The bases
of the well screens are at depths of 1 .52 m (4.99 ft) and 6.22 m (24.41 ft). Readings of water
levels in well 7 on March 18, 1994, show a moderate upward gradient, indicating that ground
water may have been discharging in this area at that time.

Boring 3 contains well screens in sand unit C at a depth of 5.66 m (18.57 ft) and in sand
beds within diamicton unit D at a depth of 8.71 m (28.58 ft). The difference in readings
between these wells is negligible, indicating no significant vertical ground-water gradient
between these two units at this location.

Ground-water levels measured on March 18, 1994, are shown on the cross sections in
Appendix A, Part 2. These levels show that sand unit C is artesian at boring 4 adjacent to
Waubansee Creek, but not fully saturated in the remainder of the study area. Water levels
indicate that ground-water recharge occurs from the east. Ground-water discharge to the sur-
face occurs only in those areas adjacent to Waubansee Creek where erosion has thinned
or removed silt unit A. This discharge was observed on April 20, 1994, when ground-water
seeps were noted along the eastern edge of the south portion of the newly excavated miti-
gation area. Additionally, ground-water discharge occurs in the present wetland area, as
evidenced by often-observed seeps and standing water at the eastern edge of the floodplain,
approximately 1-1 .5 m (3.3-4.9 ft) above the water levels measured in the creek. Additional
monitoring wells will be installed to better characterize potential ground-water discharge in
the mitigation area.

Water levels in figure 8 show the potentiometric surface in sand unit C, as shown by readings
collected on March 18, 1994. Contours of the potentiometric surface indicate that ground-
water flow is in general toward Waubansee Creek. However, the reversal in flow shown by
water levels recorded from November 1993 through February 1994 (fig. 7) indicates that the
ground-water system in the study area may fluctuate, given appropriate conditions, and local
ground-water recharge may occur adjacent to Waubansee Creek.

Surface water

Waubansee Creek was also examined for effects on the present wetland and as a potential

source of water for the proposed mitigation area. Measurement of the water level in the creek

began at stage gauge A on the U.S. Route 34 bridge in June 1993 (fig. 6). A second site,

stage gauge B, was established in the spring of 1994. Observations regarding this source

follow.

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Figure 8 Site map showing well locations and contours of the potentiometric surface
within sand unit C (Henry Formation). Water levels were measured on March 18,
1 994. Contour interval is 0.5 m. Arrows show estimated ground-water flow directions.

Water levels in the creek have been relatively constant from July 1993 through March 1994,
with the exception of June 1993, a period of heavy rainfall. Local residents stated that the
creek has not flooded recently in an amount sufficient to overtop the banks. Additionally,
ground-water levels in sand unit C flow toward and are above the level of Waubansee Creek.
These data indicate that the creek is supplied by ground-water discharge from sand unit C.

Conclusions

Ground water recharges to sand unit C east of the study area and flows toward Waubansee
Creek. Ground-water discharge occurs along and into Waubansee Creek where silt unit A
has been eroded.

Water levels in Waubansee Creek have been high enough to saturate a portion of the
present wetland only in June 1993, a period of very high precipitation. Since that time, water
levels in the creek have been below the base of the peat (upper portion of peat unit B)
despite the saturated conditions frequently observed within the wetland adjacent to the creek.
Therefore, Waubansee Creek is not the primary source of water sustaining the present
wetland area. The stable water levels in Waubansee Creek reflect a significant ground-water
input that would provide a constant source for base flow. It should be expected that higher
water levels in the creek will be transient, relating to increased precipitation.

10

The present wetland is primarily sustained by ground-water discharge from sand unit C. This
discharge is occurring within the present wetland along Waubansee Creek and along the
southeastern portion of the newly excavated mitigation area where erosion or removal of silt
unit A has occurred.

Monitoring

The ISGS will monitor this site to determine the water-level conditions after construction and
during establishment of a wetland. Surface- and ground-water levels are currently being
monitored monthly. Additional monitoring wells will be installed to better characterize potential
ground-water discharge in the mitigation area. Monitoring will continue through Septem-
ber 1998 or until no longer required by IDOT, after which a final monitoring report will be
issued.

SUMMARY

Hydrogeologic characterization of the Oswego site has been completed and long-term moni-
toring is in progress. Results of this continuing monitoring will be submitted to IDOT as
required, with conclusions drawn, if applicable. A final monitoring report, containing all moni-
toring results, will be issued by the ISGS after completion of scheduled monitoring in Septem-
ber 1998, or as required by IDOT. Ground-water discharge into the mitigation area will be
characterized during long-term monitoring.

Bedrock in the study area is covered by approximately 15 m (50 ft) of sediments. These sedi-
ments were not fully penetrated in borings made for this study. Seven borings indicate that
the sediments covering this site consist of diamicton bedded with sand and gravel of the
Wedron Formation (diamicton unit D) covered by approximately 6 m (20 ft) of sand and
gravel of the Henry Formation (sand unit C). These sediments are capped by 0.9-2.4 m
(3-8 ft) of silt and clay of the Cahokia Alluvium and Richland Loess (silt unit A). Waubansee
Creek has eroded into the Henry Formation deposits in its floodplain, where a thin layer of
Grayslake Peat (peat unit B) is present within the existing wetland area.

Monitoring wells were installed in sand unit C and diamicton unit D to measure ground-water
levels and to determine the direction of ground-water flow. Results indicate that sand unit C
is not saturated in the eastern part of the study area, but is artesian in the western portion
along Waubansee Creek. Water levels indicate that ground water flows from east of the study
area toward Waubansee Creek. Ground-water discharge occurs along the banks of Wau-
bansee Creek where erosion into sand unit C has occurred. The water level in Waubansee
Creek is relatively constant, indicating a ground-water source. Local residents stated that
Waubansee Creek does not overtop its banks during floods.

The existing wetland in the study area is primarily supported by the discharge of ground
water along the east bank of Waubansee Creek. Water levels in the creek during the moni-
toring period have been insufficient to flood more than a minor portion of the wetland area
and have generally remained below the base of the peat within the wetland.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This study was supported by the Illinois Department of Transportation under contract number
AE89005. Additional funding was provided by the Illinois State Geological Survey.

11

REFERENCES

Berg, R.C., and J. P. Kempton, 1988, Stack Unit Mapping of Geologic Materials in Illinois to
a Depth of 15 Meters: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 542, Champaign, 23 p.

Curry, B.B., A.M. Graese, M.J. Hasek, R.C. Vaiden, R.A. Bauer, D.A. Schumacher, K.A.
Norton, and W.G. Dixon, Jr., 1988, Geological-Geotechnical Studies for Siting the
Superconducting Super Collider in Illinois: Results of the 1986 Test Drilling Program,
Illinois State Geological Survey, Environmental Geology Notes 122, Champaign, 108 p.

Eyles, Nicholas (ed.), 1983, Glacial Geology: Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, 409 p.

Hensel, Bruce, 1992, Natural Recharge of Groundwater in Illinois: Illinois State Geological
Survey Environmental Geology 143, Champaign, 33 p.

Piskin, Kemal, and R.E. Bergstrom, 1975, Glacial Drift in Illinois: Thickness and Character:
Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 490, Champaign, 35 p.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1978, Soil Survey of Kendall
County, Illinois, Washington, D.C., 77 p.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1991 , Hydric soils of Illinois (rev.
January 31 , 1 992), in Hydric Soils of the United States, Miscellaneous Publication 1 491 ,
Washington, D. C.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1954 (photorevised 1980), Aurora South Quadrangle, Illinois, 7.5-
Minute Series (Topographic): U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, Res-
ton, Virginia, map scale 1:24,000.

Willman, H.B., 1 971 , Summary of the Geology of the Chicago Area: Illinois State Geological
Survey, Circular 460, Champaign, 77 p.

12

APPENDIX A Geologic Cross Sections and Logs of Borings at Oswego Site
Part 1 Index of Geologic Symbols

Gravel

(includes boulde
pebbles, and gr<

Sandy gravel

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Sand and gravel

Sand

■ - - -

Silty sand

T.-..-T..T. -..-.. -

Silty clay sand

: lit. : ur: : .

Clayey sand

— — —

Sandy silt

Silt

■ -

Clayey silt

Silty clay

-

Clay

A A ' A A A A t

A A A A A A
A A A A A A t

A A A A A A
A A A A A A i

A A A A A A

•At 1i iU ik iU

Diamicton

Peat

! ) I

AU\ A>

Black organic material

Depth of soil development

Roots

No recovery

13

APPENDIX A continued

Part 2 Geologic Cross Sections

CROSS SECTION A-A'

202
201
200
199
198
197
196
195
194
193
192
191
190
189
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upper lower

range in water level elevations

maximum
I elevation on 03/18/94
minimum

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:-:-:-:-

Cahokia Alluvium/
Richland Loess ^^-^
(clayey siltt^-""'^

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Unite
Henry Formation
Batavia Member
(sand and gravel)

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Wedron Formation

Maiden Till Member

L A A^t^

(diamicton)

horizontal scale

300 ft

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screened interval

0 100 m

vertical exaggeration 25x

14

APPENDIX A
Part 2

continued

Geologic Cross Sections

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(6361. 'QAON oi psousjspj uu) uoiJBAaig

APPENDIX A continued

Part 3 Geologic Logs of Borings

OSWEGO #1

Location SE SW SE, Sec. 9, T37N, R8E, Aurora South, Illinois

Date 01/28/93

Field Crew Christine Fucciolo, Jim Miner

Weather Conditions 0° F

Comments Core collected by hammering an aluminum pipe 76 mm (3 in.) in diameter to
depth.

Well Information One well installed; construction information in Appendix C.

Meters Feet
0_0

1 _

End

l_5

Depth Unit Descriptions

0.00 - 0.35 m Black organic material; (N 2.5/); noncalcareous; visible root
(0.00- 1.15 ft) material constitutes about 50%; silty texture with some fine
sand; structureless; soft.

0.35- 0.67 m Bedded sand and peat Peat layers are 1-61 mm
(1.15 - 2.20 ft) (0.04-2.40 in.) thick; no regularity in thickness; black (N 2.5/);
spongy texture; noncalcareous; visible organic fragments
comprise about 30%; moderately stiff. Sand layers vary in
thickness from one layer of granules to 30 mm (1.18 in.); gray
(10YR6/1); poorly sorted with grains ranging in size from
granules to fine sand; poorly rounded.

0.67- 0.81 m Sand and gravel; gray (10YR 6/1); approximately 5% is silt;

(2.20- 2.65 ft) poorly sorted; about 50% is gravel; pebbles up to 10 mm
(0.39 in.) in diameter are rounded and consist of shale,
dolomite, chert and granitics; densely packed; little pore space
between pebbles due to sand and silt.

16

APPENDIX A
Part 3

continued

Geologic Logs of Borings

OSWEGO #2

Location NE SW SE, Sec. 9, T37N, R8E, Aurora South, IL

Date 01/29/93

Field Crew Christine Fucciolo, Jim Miner

Weather Conditions 0° F

Comments Core collected by hammering an aluminum pipe 76 mm (3 in.) in diameter to
depth.

Well Information One well installed; construction information in Appendix C.

Depth Unit Descriptions

0.00- 0.18 m Black organic material; (N 2.5/); noncalcareous; soft; silty;
(0.00 - 0.60 ft) crumb structure; visible stems, roots, twigs and leaves
constitute 50%. Gradual contact over 0.03 m (0.10 ft) to:

0.18- 0.47 m Black peat; (N 2.5/); silty; noncalcareous; visible organic
(0.60 - 1 .55 ft) fragments comprise about 30%; moderately stiff, especially
near base where it is also spongy. Sharp lower contact to:

0.47 - 0.69 m Bedded sand and peat Peat layers spongy; dark gray
(1 .55 - 2.25 ft) (2.5Y 4/1); about 40% is visible fragments of stems and roots;
noncalcareous; layers up to 15 mm (0.60 in.) thick; some
layers are mixed with sand. Sand layers poorly sorted with
grains ranging in size from granules to fine sand and in
thickness from one granule to 8 mm (0.30 in.) thick; poorly
rounded; grains consist of quartz, rock fragments and
feldspars. Gradual contact over 25 mm (1 in.) to:

0.69- 0.88 m Sand and gravel; light gray (5Y7/1); approximately 50% is

(2.25 - 2.90 ft) granules and gravel, about 50% is fine to coarse sand; poorly

sorted; tightly packed; pebbles up to 10 mm (0.39 in.) in

diameter are rounded and consist of shale, dolomite, chert and

granitics; no obvious bedding or structure.

17

APPENDIX A continued

Part 3 Geologic Logs of Borings

OSWEGO #3

Location

Date

Field Crew

Weather Conditions

Comments

Well Information

Meters Feet
<) 0

1 _

2_

4_

_15

6_

7 _.

10.

11 J

.10

.20

_25

_30

&^

O <i o ~o

End

_35

NE SE SE, Sec. 9, T37N, R8E, Aurora South, Illinois

04/12/93 and 04/13/93

Tim Young, Mark Hart, Jim Miner

Sunny, windy, 45° F

Mobile rig, hollow-stem auger, continuous 1.5-m (5-ft) sampler 11.3m (37 ft)

north of the centerline of US 34, 15 m (50 ft) west of the centerline of the gravel

farm road, 305 m (1000 ft) east of Waubansee Creek.

Two wells installed; construction information in Appendix C.

Depth

0.00- 0.18 m
(0.00- 0.60 ft)

0.18- 0.24 m
(0.60 - 0.80 ft)

0.24 - 0.30 m
(0.80- 1.00 ft)

0.30 - 0.70 m
(1.00- 2.30 ft)

0.70- 1.46 m
(2.30- 4.80 ft)

1.46-
(4.80 -

1.86
(6.10

1.86 m
6.10 ft)

2.23 m
7.30 ft)

Unit Descriptions

Silty sand; very dark gray (N 3/) organic; noncalcareous;
consists of fine sand, silt and some clay; rooty; coarse crumb
to fine blocky structure; about 1% is pebbles of quartz and
dolomite 10 mm (0.39 in.) in diameter. Sharp contact to:

Silt; black (2. 5Y 2.5/1); rooty; soil is structureless to very
poorly developed blocky structure; laminated with streaks of
yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay. Gradual laminated lower
contact to:

Clayey sand; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6); medium to coarse
grains; subrounded; 50% is sand, 50% is silty clay. Very sharp
lower contact to:

Clayey silt; black (5Y 2.5/1); noncalcareous; about 10% is clay;
blacker root zones present. Gradual lower contact over 0.09 m
(0.30 ft) to:

Silty clay; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4); structureless;
noncalcareous; slightly moist; some fine sand below 1.10 m
(3.60 ft); very sandy between 1 .22 m and 1 .46 m (4.00-
4.80 ft); pebble 40 mm (1.57 in.) in diameter at base. Sharp
lower contact to:

Silty coarse sand; dark brown (7.5YR 3/3); subrounded; sorted;
noncalcareous; at 1.80 m (5.90 ft), color changes gradually
over 0.06 m (0.20 ft) to reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6). Gradual
lower contact over 0.03 m (0.10 ft) to:

Very coarse sand and gravel; yellow (10YR 7/6); gravel is
larger than 10 mm (0.39 in.) in diameter and consists of quartz,
potassium feldspars, granitics and exotics; poorly sorted;
subrounded; noncalcareous; slight bedding to massive
structure.

2.23- 2.47 m Sandy gravel; poorly sorted; about 50% is gravel 10-30 mm
(7.30- 8.10 ft) (0.39-1.18 in.) in diameter consisting of dolomite, quartz,
jasper, shale and some exotics; structureless.

18

OSWEGO #3 continued
Depth Unit Descriptions

2.47 - 3.05 m No recovery.

(8.10 -10.00 ft)

3.05 - 3.84 m Sand and gravel; imbricated and tightly packed; clean; 25% is
(10.00 -12.60 ft) gravel larger than 5 mm (0.20 in.) in diameter, 50% is sand to
very coarse sand and 25% is granules and fine gravel less
than 5 mm (0.20 in.) in diameter; rounded; poorly sorted; no
bedding; gravel is mostly dolomite with some shale, granitics
and chert; gradual matrix color change from yellow (10YR 7/6)
to yellowish red (5YR 5/8) at 3.35-3.55 m (11.00-12.00 ft) to
dark red (10R 3/6) at 3.66 m (12.00 ft).

3.84 - 4.30 m No recovery.

(12.60 -14.10 ft)

4.30 - 4.45 m Sand and gravel; same as 3.05-3.84 m (10.00-12.60 ft) with
(14.10-14.60 ft) yellowish red (5YR 5/8) stain on gravel.

4.45- 4.75 m Sand and gravel; similar in size to 3.05-3.84 m (10.00-

(14.60 -15.60 ft) 12.60 ft); poorly sorted; subrounded; noncalcareous; grains

consist of quartz, shale, granitics and basalt; top 0.06 m

(0.20 ft) is yellowish red (5YR 5/8) with sharp color change to

yellow (10YR 7/6) below.

4.75 - 5.88 m Sand; medium to coarse with 8-5% granules; yellow
(15.60 -19.30 ft) (10YR 7/6); sorted; subrounded; grains are mostly quartz with
dolomite fragments and a few exotics; slight bedding by grain
size.

5.88 - 6.58 m Sand; coarse; gray (2.5Y 6/1); sorted; subrounded; calcareous;
(19.30 -21.60 ft) bedded at 25-50 mm (1-2 in.) intervals by grain size; granule
beds at 6.00-6.04 m (19.70-19.80 ft) and 6.16-6.19 m
(20.20-20.30 ft); granules are subrounded and poorly sorted.

6.58 - 6.61 m Silt; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2); laminated at 1 mm (0.04 in.)
(21 .60 -21 .70 ft) intervals; calcareous; platy fracture.

6.61 - 7.32 m No Recovery.
(21 .70 -24.00 ft)

7.32 - 7.47 m Sand; medium; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2); laminated in
(24.00 -24.50 ft) 5-10 mm (0.20-0.39 in.) intervals by grain size and exotic
content; poorly rounded; sorted; calcareous. Very sharp
contact to:

7.47- 7.59 m Clayey silt; gray (2.5Y 5/1); soft; noncalcareous; slightly
(24.50 -24.90 ft) laminated texture, but no obvious color or grain-size changes.
Sharp lower contact with a black shale piece at contact to:

19

OSWEGO #3 continued

Depth Unit Descriptions

7.59- 7.99 m Diamicton; silt loam diamicton; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1);
(24.90 -26.20 ft) calcareous; 5% consists of clasts between 2-5 mm
(0.10-0.20 in.) in diameter; some clasts as large as 10 mm
(0.39 in.); laminated by color; platy appearance; flow structures
present around clasts in upper 0.03 m (0.10 ft); visible flow
fabric. Gradual change to:

7.99- 8.20 m Diamicton; sandy loam diamicton; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1); very
(26.20 -26.90 ft) wet; calcareous; 30% consists of clasts between 10-50 mm
(0.39-1.97 in.) in diameter; clasts primarily dolomite. Sharp
contact to:

8.20 - 8.50 m Gravel; poorly sorted; ranging in size from granules to pebbles
(26.90 -27.90 ft) up to 50 mm (1.97 in.) in diameter; clean; calcareous; clasts
consist of dolomite, quartz, exotics and pyrite.

8.50 - 8.53 m Diamicton; silt loam diamicton similar to 7.59-7.99 m
(27.90 -28.00 ft) (24.90-26.20 ft).

8.53 - 8.66 m Gravel; same as 8.208-.50 m (26.90-27.90 ft). Sharp contact
(28.00 -28.40 ft) to:

8.66 - 8.84 m Diamicton; sandy loam diamicton; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2);
(28.40 -29.00 ft) calcareous; 10% clast content; most clasts are 2-10 mm
(0.10-0.39 in.) in diameter, but some are as large as 30 mm
(1.18 in.).

8.84 - 9.02 m Sand and gravel; medium to very coarse sand and granules;
(29.00 -29.60 ft) poorly sorted; rounded; calcareous; bedded by grain size.
Gradual lower contact to:

9.02- 9.14 m Sand and gravel; consisting of sand, granules and pebbles up
(29.60 -30.00 ft) to 10 mm (0.39 in.) in diameter; poorly sorted; rounded; clean.
Gradual contact to:

9.14 - 9.24 m Diamicton; sandy loam diamicton; gray (2.5Y 5/1); 5% consists
(30.00 -30.30 ft) of dolomitic clasts. Laminated lower contact to:

9.24 - 9.30 m Silty fine sand; gray (2.5Y 5/1); calcareous.
(30.30 -30.50 ft)

20

APPENDIX A
Part 3

continued

Geologic Logs of Borings

OSWEGO #4

Location

Date

Field Crew

Weather Conditions

Comments

Well Information

Meters Feet
0 0

2_

3-_10

4_-

NW SE SE, Sec. 9, T37N, R8E, Aurora South, Illinois

04/14/93

Tim Young, Mark Hart, Jim Miner

Overcast, 40° F

Mobile rig, hollow-stem auger, continuous 1.5-m (5-ft) sampler 10.1 m (33 ft)

north of the centerline of US 34, 91 m (300 ft) east of Waubansee Creek.

One well installed; construction information in Appendix C.

Depth Unit Descriptions

0.00 - 2.59 m No recovery; center-bit drilled to 2.59 m (8.50 ft); clay in
(0.00 - 8.50 ft) cuttings to approximately 1.22 m (4.00 ft); sand and gravel in
cuttings between 1.22 and 2.59 m (4.00-8.50 ft).

2.59 - 4.1 1 m Sand and granules; sand is medium to coarse. Approximately
(8.50-13.50 ft) 0.61m (2.00 ft) of blow-in prior to sampling prevented
obtaining an in situ sample for detailed description.

L15

End

21

APPENDIX A
Part 3

continued

Geologic Logs of Borings

OSWEGO #5

Location

Date

Field Crew

Weather Conditions

Comments

Well Information

Meters Feet

o_o

1 _

2_

wm

_5

End

SE NW SE, Sec. 9, T37N, R8E, Aurora South, Illinois

05/11/93

Mark Hart, Christine Fucciolo, Jim Miner

Sunny, 80° F

Drilled with bucket auger.

One well installed; construction information in Appendix C.

Depth Unit Descriptions

0.00 - 1 .04 m Silty clay; 0.00-0.30 m (0.00-1 .00 ft) is light brown with
(0.00 - 3.40 ft) brownish yellow silty inclusions; 0.30-0.61 m (1.00-2.00 ft) is
grayish brown; 0.61-1.04 m (2.00-3.40 ft) is black.

1 .04 - 1 .77 m Silty clay mixed with sand and gravel; silty clay is gray; gravel
(3.40 - 5.80 ft) is up to 10 mm (0.39 in.) in diameter.

1.77- 2.10 m Medium sand and granules; poorly sorted; grains consist of
(5.80 - 6.90 ft) quartz, chert, shale and exotics.

L10

22

APPENDIX A
Part 3

continued

Geologic Logs of Borings

OSWEGO #6

Location

Date

Field Crew

Weather Conditions

Comments

Well Information

Meters Feet

NW NW SE, Sec. 9, T37N, R8E, Aurora South, Illinois

05/11/93

Mark Hart, Christine Fucciolo, Jim Miner

Sunny, 80° F

Drilled with bucket auger.

One well installed; construction information in Appendix C.

0-^0

1 _-

mi

2_

3-LlO

End

Depth

Unit Descriptions

0.00 - 0.91 m Silty clay; reddish brown to 0.76 m (2.50 ft); between 0.76 and

(0.00 - 3.00 ft) 0.91 m (2.50-3.00 ft), color is gray with reddish root zones.

0.91 - 1 .22 m Silty clay sand; yellowish brown.

(3.00- 4.00 ft)

1.22 - 1.83 m Medium sand; sorted; rounded; coarsens downward.

(4.00- 6.00 ft)

1.83- 2.44 m Sand and gravel; poorly sorted; gravel is up to 10 mm

(6.00 - 8.00 ft) (0.39 in.) in diameter; yellowish brown; some silt.

23

APPENDIX A
Part 3

continued

Geologic Logs of Borings

OSWEGO #7

Location

Date

Field Crew

Weather Conditions

Comments

Well Information

Meters Feet
0_0

1 _■

_5

2_

3-_10

5_

6_

7__

8 _

9_

(T'^'O — &?*&? 5^

Jg^ygSSocl '

.15

.20 ^

_25

■.•.'.■...'.'■'■■

End

L30

SE, SW, NE, Sec. 9, T37N, R8E, Aurora South, Illinois

01/24/94 and 01/25/94

Christine Fucciolo and Jim Neal

Cloudy, damp, 40° F

Mobile rig, hollow-stem auger, continuous 1.5-m (5-ft) sampler. Approximately

37 m (120 ft) east of Waubansee Creek and approximately 30 m (100 ft) south

of the tennis court fence.

Two wells installed; construction information in Appendix C.

Depth

0.00- 0.61 m
(0.00- 2.00 ft)

0.61
(2.00

0.73
(2.40

1.13
(3.70

0.73 m
2.40 ft)

1.13 m
3.70 ft)

1.22 m
4.00 ft)

1.22-

1.25 m

(4.00 -

4.10 ft)

1.25-

1.34 m

(4.10-

4.40 ft)

1 .34 - 1 .40 m
(4.40- 4.60 ft)

Unit Descriptions

No Recovery;

(2.00 ft).

frozen ground; center-bit drilled to 0.61 m

Clayey silt; black (2.5Y 2.5/1); noncalcareous matrix; coarse to
fine crumb structure; about 1% is granules and pebbles up to
10 mm (0.39 in.) in diameter; gravel is quartz and dolomite and
is subangular to subrounded; about 10% is sand ranging in
size from very coarse to very fine; about 1% of matrix has
brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silty inclusions; about 20% of
matrix has dark red (2.5YR 3/6) root zones; one pebble 30 mm
(1.18 in.) in diameter at base.

Clayey silt; black (2. 5Y 2.5/1); noncalcareous; structureless;
about 50% is granules and pebbles up to 40 mm (1.57 in.) in
diameter; gravel consists of quartz, dolomite and exotics;
gravel is subangular to subrounded; about 10% is sand ranging
in size from very coarse to very fine; sand grains are
subangular to subrounded; some yellowish brown siltstone
pebbles appear to be weathering to silt; about 20% of matrix
has dark red (2.5YR 3/6) root zones.

Clayey silt and sand; black (2.5Y 2.5/1); noncalcareous; about
50% is sand; sand grains range in size from medium to very
fine and are subrounded to rounded; about 1% is granules and
pebbles up to 10 mm (0.39 in.) in diameter; the rest is clayey
silt; about 10% of matrix has dark red (2.5YR 3/6) root zones.

Gravel; relatively clean; subrounded; pebbles up to 30 mm
(1.18 in.) in diameter consist of dolomite and quartz.

Sandy gravel; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4); noncalcareous;
about 50% is subangular to subrounded gravel up to 30 mm
(1.18 in.) in diameter; about 40% is medium sand with
subangular to subrounded grains; about 10% is granules,
coarse sand, fine sand and silt.

Sand and gravel; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2); noncalcareous;
about 20% is pebbles up to 20 mm (0.79 in.) in diameter;
about 20% is granules; about 60% is sand, the majority of
which is coarse to medium; however, grains range from very
coarse to very fine; all grains are subangular to subrounded.

24

OSWEGO #7 continued

Depth Unit Descriptions

1.40- 1.49 m Silty sand; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6); noncalcareous; sand
(4.60 - 4.90 ft) is medium to very fine; about 5% is very coarse sand to
pebbles up to 10 mm (0.39 in.) in diameter; one pebble 35 mm
(1.38 in.) in diameter near center of unit.

1.49- 1.55 m Sandy silt; grayish brown (10YR 5/2); noncalcareous; sand is
(4.90- 5.10 ft) fine to very fine.

1.55- 1.71m Sand; medium to coarse; pale brown (10YR 6/3);
(5.10- 5.60 ft) noncalcareous; grains range in size from very coarse to very
fine and are subangular to subrounded; about 2% is granules
and pebbles up to 20 mm (0.79 in.) in diameter.

1 .71 - 2.80 m No recovery.

(5.60- 9.20 ft)

2.80- 2.99 m Sand; medium to coarse; pale brown (10YR 6/3);
(9.20 - 9.80 ft) noncalcareous; grains are subangular to subrounded and
range in size from very coarse to very fine; about 1% is silt;
two pebbles up to 30 mm (1.18 in.) in diameter at base.

2.99- 3.05 m Silt; grayish brown (10YR 5/2); calcareous; about 30% is
(9.80 -10.00 ft) granules and pebbles up to 30 mm (1.18 in.) in diameter.

3.05- 3.14 m Clayey silt; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2); calcareous; about 30%
(10.00 -10.30 ft) is granules and pebbles up to 30 mm (1.18 in.) in diameter.

3.14- 3.23 m Sandy silt and gravel; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4);
(10.30-10.60 ft) calcareous; sand is fine; about 20% is pebbles up to 25 mm
(0.98 in.) in diameter; one dolomite pebble 60 mm (2.36 in.) in
diameter in unit.

3.23- 3.54 m Sand; medium; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4); calcareous;
(10.60-11.60 ft) grains range in size from very coarse to very fine and are
subangular to subrounded; about 3% is granules and pebbles
up to 20 mm (0.79 in.) in diameter.

3.54- 3.96 m Sand; Fine to medium; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4);
(1 1 .60 -13.00 ft) calcareous; better sorted than above unit, but grains still range
in size from very coarse to very fine; about 1% is silt; less than
1% is granules and pebbles up to 10 mm (0.39 in.) in diame-
ter; grains are subrounded; between 3.84-3.90 m (12.60-
12.80 ft), color is yellowish brown (10YR 5/6).

3.96 - 4.48 m No recovery.

(13.00 -14.70 ft)

25

OSWEGO #7 continued

Depth Unit Descriptions

4.48- 4.85 m Sand; medium to coarse; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6);
(14.70-15.90 ft) calcareous; moderately sorted, but grains range in size from
very coarse to very fine; grains are subangular to subrounded;
about 5% is granules and pebbles up to 20 mm (0.79 in.) in
diameter; one dolomite pebble 35 mm (1.38 in.) in diameter at
base.

4.85 - 4.88 m Sand; medium; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6); calcareous; better
(15.90-16.00 ft) sorted than above unit, but grains range in size from very
coarse to very fine.

4.88- 5.06 m Sand; coarse to medium; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4);
(16.00 -16.60 ft) calcareous; poorly sorted; top 0.09 m (0.30 ft) has about 30%
granules and pebbles up to 30 mm (1.18 in.) in diameter;
lower 0.09 m (0.30 ft) is somewhat better sorted with granules
and pebbles up to 10 mm (0.39 in.) in diameter comprising
about 1%.

5.06- 5.12 Sandy silt and granules; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4);

(16.60 -16.80 ft) calcareous; about 50% is silt; about 10% is poorly sorted sand;
about 40% is granules and pebbles up to 10 mm (0.39 in.) in
diameter.

5.12 - 5.24 m No recovery.
(16.80 -17.20 ft)

5.24- 5.43 m Sand; coarse to medium; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6);
(17.20-17.80 ft) calcareous; moderately sorted, but grains range in size from
very coarse to very fine; grains are subangular to subrounded;
about 1% is granules.

5.43 - 5.55 m Sandy gravel; about 50% is granules and pebbles up to 30 mm
(17.80 -18.20 ft) (1.18 in.) in diameter; about 50% is poorly sorted sand and silt;
silt is yellowish red (5YR 5/6) giving the unit a stained
appearance.

5.55 - 5.67 m No recovery.
(17.80 -18.60 ft)

5.67- 5.82 m Sand; medium; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6); calcareous;

(18.60 -19.10 ft) moderately sorted, but grains range in size from very coarse to

very fine; grains are subangular to subrounded; less than 1%

is granules; one pebble 20 mm (0.79 in.) in diameter is

present.

5.82 - 5.94 m Silty sand; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4); calcareous; sand
(19.10-19.50 ft) is fine to very fine; well sorted; grains are subrounded.

5.94- 6.07 m Sand; fine to medium; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2);
(19.50 -19.90 ft) calcareous; sorted.

26

OSWEGO #7 continued

Depth Unit Descriptions

6.07- 6.10 m Sandy silt with gravel; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2);
(19.90-20.00 ft) calcareous; sand is fine to very fine; about 15% is granules
and pebbles up to 25 mm (0.98 in.) in diameter.

6.10 - 6.13 m Silt; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2); calcareous.
(20.00 -20.10 ft)

6.13- 6.83 m No recovery.
(20.10 -22.40 ft)

6.83- 6.89 m Fine sandy silt; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4); calcareous.
(22.40 -22.60 ft)

6.89 - 6.98 m Sand and gravel; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4); calcareous;
(22.60 -22.90 ft) sand is medium to fine and sorted; about 30% is granules and
pebbles up to 35 mm (1.38 in.) in diameter.

6.98 - 7.19 m Silt; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2); calcareous.
(22.90 -23.60 ft)

7.19 - 7.28 m Clayey silt; light brownish gray (2.5YR 6/2); calcareous.
(23.60 -23.90 ft)

7.28- 7.32 m Sand; fine; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4); calcareous;
(23.90 -24.00 ft) moderately well sorted.

7.32- 7.59 m Fine sandy silt and gravel; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4);
(24.00 -24.90 ft) calcareous; about 10% is granules and pebbles up to 20 mm
(0.79 in.) in diameter.

7.59- 7.74 m Fine sandy silt; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4); calcareous.
(24.90 -25.40 ft)

7.74- 7.86 m Silty fine sand; Light brownish gray (10YR 6/2); calcareous;
(25.40 -25.80 ft) pebbles up to 25 mm (0.98 in.) in diameter at base.

7.86 - 8.32 m Diamicton; silty clay loam diamicton; dark grayish brown
(25.80 -27.30 ft) (10YR 4/2); calcareous; about 1% is pebbles up to 20 mm
(0.79 in.) in diameter.

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