SIIfF i. B. ItU ICtbrarQ Nnrtli (Earaltna ^tatp This book was presented by THE FRIENDS OF THE LIBRARY QK527 L9 1865 V.2 N.C- STSTE UNIVERSITY DH HILL LIBRARY THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE DATE INDICATED BELOW AND IS SUB- JECT TO AN OVERDUE FINE AS POSTED AT THE CIRCULATION DESK. OUR NATIVE FERNS; HISTORY OE THE BRITISH SPECIES AND THEIR VARIETIES. VOLUME II. ATHYRIUM. ASPLEXIUM. SCOLOPENDRIUM. CETERACH. LOMARIA. PTERIS. ADIANTUM, CYSTOPTERIS. AVOODSIA. TRICHOMAXES. HYMENOPHYLLUM. OSMUNDA. 0PHI0GL0S8UM. BOTRYCHIUM. COUTAIXING DESCRIPTIOXS OF TWENTY-EIGHT SPECIES AND NINE HUNDRED AND TEN VARIETIES OF BRITISH FERNS. BY E. J. LOWE, ESQ., F.R.A.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.M.S., Memb, Scottish Meteor. Soc, Hon. Mem. Dublin Nat. Hist. See, Memb. Geolos?. Soc. Edin., Corr. Mem. Lyceum Nat. Hist., New Y'ork, Corr. Mem. Manchester Lit. and i'hil. Soc, etc., Author of a "Natural Historj' of British and Exotic Ferns," "British Grasses," "New and Rare Ferns," "Beautiful Leaved Plants," etc. WITH FORTY-TWO COLOURED PLATES, AND FIVE HUNDRED AND NINETY-TWO WOOD ENGRAVINGS. LONDON: GROOMBRIDGE AND SONS, 6, PATERNOSTER ROW. M DCCC LXVII. LIST OF COLOURED PLATES AND WOOD-CUT ILLUSTRATIONS. VOL. 11. [The Roman numerals are Coloured Plates.] Plate XXXV.— Athyrium filix-fcemina. Fig. 276, portion of XXXVI. — VaK. MULTIFIDUM XXXVII. — Vau. Corymbiferum XXXVIII. — Var. Acrocladon XXXIX, A. — Var. Laciniatum 277, oxydens 278, latifoliura 279, conioides 280, ramo-difSssum 281, semidepauperatum 282, 283, Monkmanii 284, confluens 285, subdepauperatum 286, acuminatum 287, 288, Rutsonii 289, plumosum- Monkmanii 290, cristato-polydactylum 291, polyclados 292, multifidum-nanum 293, multifidum-Edelsteni 294, niultifidum-tenue 295, multifiduni-Mapplebeckii 296, multifidum-Coolingii 297, multifidum-Fraseri 298, excurrens 299, 300, ramo-thyssanotum 301, macilentum 302, niarinum 30.?, Courtauldite 304, ramulosum 305, incise- digitatum 306, alatum-Fraseri 307, apuceforme 308, Applcbyanum 309, Arranense 310, Barnesii 311, 312, bifidum 313, Balfourii 314, crispatum 315, ciirtum 316, contortum 317 318, crispuni 319, coronatum 320, crispum- coronatum 321, corymbiferum-Lowei 322, dareoidcs 323, diffissum 324, defectum 325, digitale 326, 327, denticulatum 328, depauperatum 329, depauperalum-Edelstenii 330, diffisso-multifidum 331, 332, dissectum 333, dissimile 334, elongatum 335, 336, Elworthii 337, erosum 338, eroso-decurrens 339, exile 340, extremo-digitatura 341, flexuosum 342, Ficldiaj 343, Fieldite-pumilum 344, fissidens 345, Fraserii 346, Frizclliffi 347, Frizelliaj-nanum 348, 349, formosum 350, frondosum 351, furcillatum 352, glomeratum 353, Grantiai 354, incisum 355, grandidens 356, Harrisiaj 357, inciso-multifidum 358, impastum 359, incomplctum 360, 361, intenuptum 362, irregulare 363, Ivcryanum 364, Jamesii 365, kalon 366, laciniatum-disscctum 367, laceratum 368, 369, latifolio-confluens 370, laciniato-confluens 371, laciniato-lineatum 372, laciniato-elegans 373, laciniato-intcrruptum LIST Of COLOURED PLATES 374, laciniato-ti-uncatum 375, laclniato-Padleyi 376, 377, Laveyaiium 378, latum, 379, laxuin. 380, Mesenibryanthemoides 381, inucionatuin 382, iimlticeps 383, Moorei 384, imilticuspe 385, niultifiircatum 386, paniiosuin 387, })annosiiin-nanuni 388, Pai-i-oiisiie 389, parviceps 390, phiiuosum-Jervisii 391, pliiinosuin-13ai"iiesii 392, pluinosuin-Stanstielclii 393, pluniusum-pruiaosum 394, l)()lydactyloii 395, piirpureiim 396, ]iyffiii(jeiiiii 397, 398, and 399, raino- depauperatuni 400, laiiio-cristatuin 401, raniosum 402, sfenodoii 403, 404, subdigitatum 405, s^iibcrucifoiiac 406, ter.ue 407, tiilidum 408, tliyssauotum 409, trldeutato-niultitidum 410, tortile 411, ur.cum 412, itiidiihiturn 413, 414, varlabile 415, variabile-JciviMi 416, Vernoiiiaj -ilT, Elwortliii-spk'udciis 418, Padlevi 419, 420, VVilli.sonii 421, coiilliieiis-uiiiioy 422, siiigiilare 423, Victoriai 424, relk'xuiu 425, iinbricatuni 426, pliylloideiiin 427, 428, lauiniato- pulyiuurplium 429, laciiiiatu-laceratiun 430, subero^um 431, 432, Ed\vaid>ii 433, 434, iioiiciisc 435, YenioiiiiU cristatuiu 436, uiicum-raniosum 437, tenuifolium 438, abasipliylluni 439, gratuin 440, gratissimum 441, triiiicatain 442. apioides 443, arcuosuni. 444, rachidioides 445, Craigii 446, Foxtoni 447, brevlpinnulum 448, Pritchardii 449, Doodioides 450, plicatuiii 451, delicatissimum 452, Prichardii-ciidtatura 453, cornigerum 454, cristiilatum 455, Field ia;-compositum 456, 1' ieldiaj-composituin- niultilidum 457, Fieldiai-lancifolinm 458, coiivexum-inultifidum 459, gracile 460, dilaceratum 461, 462, diadeinatum 463, plumosu-imdtitidiini, 464, stipatuin 465, orbiciilatum 466, rl);v;ticiiin 467, apieulatiiui 4C8, acuiiiiiiatissimuni 469, filuin 470, coronans 471, reinotuin 472, eroso-cri.statum 473, Scopoeforme 474, fiss-idente-excurrens 475, 476, caiidatiim 477, 4( 8, fomioso-cristatum 479, latifoliiun-multifidum 480, sub-plumosuni 481, aictiim 482, 483, foliaceum 484, 485, coiynibifero-strictura 486, 487, multifiduin-naiuim- angiL-tatuni 488, Stajistieldii 489, laciniato-laxum 490, FiizcUiaj-cristatum 491, iiicisuni-triiiicatum 492, Fieldife-imbricatum 493, pulehenimum ; XXXIX, B. — AsPLENiuM Lanceolatum, Var. Mickodon ' XL.— AsPLEsiuM Laxceolatum I 494, portion of I 495, kaloii : 496, obtusum I 497. caudatiun 498, Ijilidum 499, KitsonitB 500, iiicisum 501, excisum XLI, A.— AsPLEsiusi Gekmanicum 502, portion of 503, acutideiitatum XLI, B.— AsPLENiuM Septentkionalk 604, portion of XLII, A.— ASPLEHIUM FONTANUM 505, portion of 606, inultifidum 607, laxum 608, depauperatum 509, laciniatum 510, llalleii AND WOOD-CUT ILLUSTRATIONS. XLII, B. — ASPLENIUM EBENEUM, VAR. KEKHACTUM 511, 512, portions of normal form 513, lefractuin XLIII.— ASPLE.MUM ADIANTUM-NIGUUM 614, portioit of 515, microdou 61G, raiiiosum 517, obtiisatum 518, serratuni 519, oxyphyllum 520, grandiceps 521, ciepauperatiini 522, Edwardsii 623, liahellatmn 624, variegatiini 525, subeonfiiiens 526, iiicisum 627, 528, intcrinediuin XLIV. — ASPLENIUM MAKINUM XLV, A. — inteiTiiptum XLV, B. — ramosum 529, portion oj 530, subscrratum 531, paralleliim 532, sub-bipiuimtum 533, iiicisuin 534, bicrenatum 535, 536, acutuiu 537, variabile 4 538, 539, laxum 540, 541, trapezifornie 542, ca\idatuiu 543, imbiicatum 544, ramo-trapezitbrmc 545, 546, Thonipsoiiiai 547, multitido-iiTegulare XLYl. — Abplenium trichomanes. 548, incisum 549, ramosum 550, bifurcuin 551, katastakton 552, racimosum 553, acrocladon 554, coryinbii'eriim 655, serratum 556, scrratum-major 557, iiicisum-laciiilatuin 558, lobatum 559, suba;qiiale 560, coiifluens 561, ciistatiiin 562, multilidum 563, cormito- ramosum 564, Harovii 565, raino-depauperatuni 566, biceps 567, iuterruptum 568, crenato-lobatiira 569, depauperatum 570, imbricatuin 571, incisuiii-triaiigulare 572, incisum -Claphami 573, ramo-lobatum 574, grandidens XLVII. — ASPLEMUM VIKIDE. 575, multilidum 576, 577, deltoidcum 578, imbricatum 579, incisum 580, crcnatum 681, stipatum 582, ramosum 583, cuneatum 584, variuns XLVII I. — ASPLENIUM IIUTA-MTJKAKIA. 585, dwarf plant 586, raiiio-depauperatum 587, atteiuiatum 588, trifoliatum 589, ramosum 590, cuneatum 591, uiiilaterale 592, cristatum XLIX. — SCOLOPENDKIUM VULGARE. L, A. — cristatum L, B. — rcniforme LI. — ramo-marginatum LIl, A. — submarginatura LII, B.— jugosum LIII, A. — sublineato-striatum LIII, B.— sagittato-cristatum LIV, A,— Stanslieldii LIV, B. — marginato-irregulare LV. — ramosum- maj us LVI, A. — suprasoriferum LVI, B. — coutractum LXIV, B. — variegatum- Claphami 693, portion of 594, crenato-lobatum 595, submarginato-multifidum 596, crispum- latum 597, papillosum 598, trausverso-lobatum 599, pcraf'crum 600, acrocladon 601, coruuto-abruptum 602, polycuspe 603, constrictum 604, sagittato-cristatum 605, crenato- multilidum 60G, multiforme 607, rugosum 608, irregulare C09, marginatum 610, laceratum 611, subpinnatum 612, subcoinutum 613, pliyllolophyron 614, biceps 615, duplex 616, acantliodes 617, latifulium 618, periergon 619, scalpturatum 620, supralineatum 621, gymnosorum 622, sinuato-multifidum 623, undulato- ramosum 624, 626, undulato-contractum 626, luuricato-niarginatum 627, uudulato-lobatum LIST OF COLOUKED PLATES 628, ramusculum 629, Edwardsii G30, proliferura 031, spirale 632, Elworthii 633, Lentonense 634, muricatiim 635, aikmoton 636, tortuoso-cristatum 637, ptyoides 638, crispum-grandidcns 639, divergens 640, Cliftii 641, patulum 642, fimbriatura 643, variabile 644, unilaterale-ramosuih 645, marginato-contractum 646, multifidum 647, distortuni 648, digitatum 649, bimarginatum 650, Marchaiitioides 651, turgido-irregulare 652, stenomenon 653, fissum-latum 654, undulatum 655, turgidum 656, 657, alatum 658, marginato-laceratutn 659, fisso-lobatiim 660, transverso-multifidum 661, flabellatiim 662, cornutum 663, Balfoiirli 664, mutatiim 665, plumoso-lobatum 666, rotiindifolium 667, multitidum-nanum 668, marginato-triforme 669, convolvere 670, multitido-laceratuin 671, arietinum 672, Glavei 673, coriaceo-cristatum 674, bimarginato-multifidum 675, marginato-irregulare 676, snpralineato-multifidum 677, Wardli 678, dentatum 679, pseudo-Wardii 680, Jamesii 681, fissile 682, fissile- Monkmanii 683, 684, circinatum 685, polyschides-crispum 686, ramosum 687, irvegulare-minus 688, brevifoliiim 689, Hendersonii 690, glomeratum 691, conglomcratum 692, dareoides 693, Hookerii 694, sagittato-polycnspe 695, vaiiegato-crenatum 696, undulato-multifidum 697, rearginato-Monkmanii 698, supraliiieato-coustrictinu 699, erosuin 700, marginato-cordatum 701, laciniatuni 702, lobatum-ramosnm 703, ramo-proliferum 704, ramo-palmatum 705, antrorso-cristatiim 706, Postgateanum 707, accisum 708, concavo-ramosum 709, laceratum -Monkmanii 710, kephaloton 711, inversura 712, subcornuto-laciniatum 713, hebetatum 714, cacumene 715, Lacertuni 716, constellatum 717, tiarajforme 718, coronare 719, conjungendum 720, cornuto-laceratum 721, latum 722, sagittatum 723, grand iceps 724, glomerato-variabile 725, muricatum-tenue 726, plccomenon 727, Ciaphamii 728, alto-lobattim 729, Stephanotes 730, palmatura-marginatum 731, projectum 732, polymorphon 733, undulato-varians 734, dactyloton 735, contorqucre 736, supralineato-cornutum 737, ramoso-cristatum 738, variegatum-Elworthii 739, fissum-variegatum 740, variegatum-Willisonii 741, omnilacerum 742, kraspedoumcnon 743, sinum 744, Coolingii 745, sagittato-projectum 746, marginato-papillosum 747, Padleyense 748, cristatum-Monkmanii 749, ciispum-cristatum 750, polydactylum 751, polyschizomenon 752, Gloveiii 753, siibcornutum-marginatura 754, cornuto-superbum 755, niarginato-multiceps 756, truncatum 757, crenato-cristatum 758, plicatum 759, supralineato-crispum 760, lonchophorum 761, marginato-biforme 762, piniiatifidiim 763, papilloso-irregularc 764, coirngato-ciistatum 765, scalpturato-Iatum 766, aduiicuni 767, cornigato-fissum 768, Malcomsonia; 769, lato-digitatmn AN^n woon-fUT illustrations. 770, Ccrvi-cornii 771, marglnato coronatum 77i!, congregatiim 773, corymliiferum 774, columnare 775, Keratoides 776, polycuspe-undosum 777, polycuspe-angiistiim 778, ramo- marginatum LVII. — Ckteracii officinarum 779. portion of 780, minimum 781, variabile 782, kalon 783, 784, ramoso-cristatum LVIII.- -LOMARIA SPICVNT. 785, portion of 786, stricta 787, Padleyense 788, furcans 789, anomala 790, gigantea 791, 792, subserrata LIX, A. -id. LIX, B, and C. — ramosa LX, A.- -heterophylla LX, B.- -imbricata LX, C- -contracta LX, D.- -contracta- ramosa 793, minima-interrupta 794, conferta 795, projecta 796, retusa, 797, crispato-imbricata 798, serrata 799, Kitsoniaj 800, ramo-cristata 801, lancifolia 802, cristata 803, multifurcata 804, elegans 805, brevipes 806, 807, projecto-multifida 808, anomala-lineata 809, rotundata 810, caudata 811, 812, duplex 813, Claphamii 814, 815, multifida 816, ramosa- Cliftii 817, attenuata 818, imbricato-erecta 819, Monkmanii 820, ramoso-irregularc 821, cristato-crispa 822, flabellata 823, serrnlata 824, marginato-irrcgulare 825, confluens LXI. — Pteris aquilina. 826, portion of 827, bisulca 828, cristata 829, 830, furcans 831, ramoso-irregulare LXII.— Adiantum capit.i.us-vkvruts. 832, portion of 833, incisum-Footii 834, Hookerii 835, Footii 836, depauperatum 837, kalon 838, bulbiferum 839, incisum LXIII. — Cystopteris fraoilis. 840, portion of LXIV, A— dentata 841, decurrens I-XV. — Dickicana 842, crispa 843, trnncata-iuterrupta 844, Adiantoidcs 845, gracile LXVI. — furcans 846, 847, 848, ititerrupta 849, obtusa 850, Davallioides 851, cristata 852, quad rata 853, pulcherrima LXVII — Cystoptei'IS REorA. 854, portion of LXVI II. —Cystopteris montaxa. 855, pinna of LXIX. — VVooDsiA IIyperborea. 856, plant of LXX. — VVooDsiA Ilvensis. 857, plant of LXXI. — Tbichomanes radicans. 858, portion of 859, Andrewsii LXXII, A — furcans LXXIT, B. — Hymenophyllum TUNBRIDGENSE. 860, portion of LXXII I. — Hymenophyllum unilaterale. 861, portion of LXXIV. — O.-MUNDA regalis. 862, pinnule of 863, cristata LXXV, A. — Ophioglossum vulgatum. 864, pot tion of LXXV, B — OPHIOGLOSStTM LUSITANICUM. 865, barren frond of LXXVI, A. — BOTRYCIIU'M I.UNARIA. 866, portion of LXXVI, B. — incisum OUR NATIVE FERNS. GENU8 VI. ATHYRIUM. RoTii. The present genus of Roth, holding a midway position between Aspidium and Asple?iium, is rejected as a genus by some of our greatest authorities, being united to Asphmium. Sir "W. Hooker places it in Asplenium as a sub-genus, dividing Asplenium into the groups Thamnopteris, ILuasplenium , Athy- rium, Eadiplazium, Amsogoniam, and Heinidictyum. Seven species are placed under Thcwinojyteris , and commonly called Bird-nest Ferns, none of which are found in Europe. They are distinguished by a marginal longitudinal vein, with which the apices of the transverse veins unite, and there only. Fronds simple; sori like Euasplenium. Two hundred and seven species belong to Euasplenium, and are distinguished by the sori being plane or nearly so, nearly always single; veins free, simple, or branched, and the fronds undivided, lobed, or palmatcd, pinnate or bipinnate. In this large branch are to be found Asplenium Hcynionitis of Southern Europe, A. attenuatum of New Holland, A. mariniim of Great Britain, A. lucidum of New Zealand, A. angustifolium of the United States, A. comjiressum of St. Helena, A. trichomanes of Great Britain, A. Petrarchce of Southern France, A. eheneum of North America, A. monanthcmum of Madeira, A. viride of England, A. septentrionale of Great Britain, A. Germanicum of Gireat Britain, A. ruta-muraria of Great Britain, A. Jissum of Southern Europe, A. adiantwn- nigrum of England, A. lanceolatum of England, and A. fontanum of England. VOL. II. B )C ATIIYRIUM. Twenty-nine species belong to Athyrium, which arc distin- guished by short sori, and lax, convex, or arcuate involucres, and with pinnato-pinnatifid or bi-tripinnate fronds. Amongst these are As2:)lenium, JiUx-focmina of Great Britain, A. crenatum of Norway, and A. thelyj^teroides of North America. Fifty-one species belong to Eudijylazium, having double involucres; none of which are European. Seven species belong to Anisogo7iiu7n, having anastomosing veins; none of which are European. Four species belong to Hemidictyum, having sori very long, naked, asplenoid, with veins anastomosing towards the margin. In this group Sir W. liooker places Asplenium ceterach of England, (the Ceterach officinarum of Willdenow, or Grammitis ceterach of Swartz.) Although I quite agree with Sir W. Hooker in the dubious distinctness of the genus Athyrium from Asplenium, still as Mr. Moore retains the genus we shall keep the Lady Fern distinct from the other Aspleniums. Athyrium has short, oblong-lunate, curved, or horse-shoe- shaped indusiate sori; veins simple or forked from a central costa: venules free. Caudex brief, erect, or creeping. Fronds herbaceous, bi-tripinnate. Only one species inhabits Great Britain. Fig. 276. — Portion of mature Frond, under side. ATHYRIUM FILIX-F(EMINA. Roth. The Lady Fern. PLATE XXXV. Alliyrium Jilix-faemina, " ovatum, " moUe, " trijidam, " laxum, " latum, " depauperatum, " arrostichoideum, Asplenium JUix-fuemina, " intermedium, Aspidium filix-jt£mina. EoTH. Pbesl. Fee. Babington. SowERBY. Newman. Moore. EoTH. {Not Newman.) EoTH. Newman. HOTH. Schumacher. Gray. Schumacher. BORY. Bernhardi. Sprengel. 11. Brown. Fries. Ledebour. Koch. Hooker and Arnott. Bentham. Mackay. Deakin. Gray. Mettenius. Milde. E. J. Lowe. Link. SWARTZ. ScHKUHE. Weber and Mohr. Willdenow. Smith. Tenore. Nyman. ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. Cyuthea fdix-foemina^ Bertoloni. Cystopteris filicc-fuemina, CossoN and Germain. Tectat-ia filix-fcemina, Cavanilles. Nephrodlum Jilix-foemina, Strempel. Fvlypodium filix-foemina, LiNNiEUS. Bolton. Hoffmann. " " PoiEET. Hudson. Weis. " dentatum, Hoffmann. " ohlongo-dentatum, Hoffmann. " ovato-crenatum, Hoffmann. " hijidum, Hoffmann. " trifidum, Hoffmann. " molle, ScHEEBEK. Hoffmann. Poiret. " latum, Salisbury. *' i^evolutum, BoRY. " LesehUi, Merat. Athyrium — From the Greek, athyros — opened. Filix-fixmhia — Lady Fern. Caudex thick, occasionally with a trunk-like scaly crown. Scales nearly black in colour, and more or less lanceolate in form. Venation circinate, the apex at one period of its development curved downwards similar to a shepherd's crook. Stipes from a third to a fourth of the length of the entire frond, terminal, stout, and thickened immediately above the base, green in some varieties, and pinky purple in others. Thickly scaly at the base. Rachis rounded behind and channeled in front, having a few narrow scales. Fronds herbaceous, erect, spreading, or drooping, vivid green in colour, varying much in size and outline; length from twelve inches to forty inches, breadth from three inches to fourteen inches. Lanceolate in form, bipinnate or sub-bipinnate. Pinnaj pinnate, numerous, broadest at the base, and gradually tapering to a point. Pinnules various. Veins forked or pinnately branched. Fructification covering the whole u.nder surface of the frond. Sori numerous, short, medial, and indusiate. Indusium membranaceous and variable in outline, taking the forms of the sori. The fronds spring up in May, and decay in early autumn. ATIIYRIUM FILIX-FQ^MINA. 0 Atliyrium JiUx-fcemina is a common species throughout Great Britain, growing most luxuriantly in damp, shady situations. In mountainous exposed situations it becomes dwarf and more rigid. Scott remarked this when he wrote: — "Where the copse-wood is the greenest, ■ Where the fountain is the sheenest, Where the morning dew lies longest, There the Lady Fern grows strongest." The Lady Fern is to be found at every elevation up to three thousand feet. The localities are too numerous to mention. Abroad it is a native of Lapland, Russia, Holland, France, Scandinavia, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Croatia, Hungary, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Transylvania, Greece, Crete, Caucasus and Ural ]Mountains, Russian Asia, Siberia, India, Mediterranean Islands, Algeria, Islands of Canary, Madeira, and TenerifFe, throughout North America, Canada, British Columbia, United States, Vera Cruz, Caraccas, Bolivia, and Cuba. This species is readily cultivated both in the out-door Fernery and in pots, and is one of the finest of Ferns, in fact the Queen of Ferns, some of its varieties being most beautiful. There are many striking varieties, all of which are graceful, and worthy a place in every Fernery, these are: — Fig. 277.— Portion of Frond. OxYDENS, 3foore. (Fig. 277.) — A beautiful variety, remark- ably frondose, or leafy, and having a very spreading habit. It is hardly of the robust form. Fronds twelve to eighteen inches long, narroAV lanceolate, profusely fertile. Pinnae short- ened, and towards the apex (owing to a crispy contraction of O ATHYRIUM FILIX-FffiMlN A. the midribj not common to all fronds) sometimes much crowded upon the rachis, indeed decidedly imbricate. The pinnules are thickly set upon the secondary rachides, and are both confluent and imbricate, but scarcely depauperate, although sometimes furcate. The variety is scarcely bipinnate, but the pinnules are deeply incised, or erose, giving to the plant a distinctly toothed character, which, doubtless, suggested Mr. Moore's name. This plant is very rare, and somewhat strange to say, although so decided a sport has not hitherto been found to reproduce itself (in the discoverer's fernery at least) from the spores. The variety was found by Mrs. C. Monkman, of Malton, in the summer of 1861, in crossing the mountains from Elleray to the Troutbeck Valley, in the AVindermere district, and it has rather improved than otherwise in culti- vation. From the reason given above this variety has only been "multiplied by division," and plants are only held by Mr. Monkman, Mr. Clowes, Mr. Clapham, and Messrs. Stansfield. The illustration is from the original plant found by Mrs. Monkman. Fig. 278. Latifolium, Bahington. (Fig. 278.) — A very handsome vigorous-growing variety, found near Keswick, Cumberland, by Miss AVright. Although only one or two plants were discovered, owing to its being reproduced by spores, it has now become widely spread in our Ferneries. A peculiar-looking variety, it is remarkable for the irregular outline of the pinnae, for the peculiar position of the sori; and for the pinnules being densely crowded together, very various in size, and uneven in toothing. Length of frond upwards of three feet; colour dark green. Bipinnate, oblong-lanceolate, and flaccid. Rachis and stipes strong and thick, and of about the usual length. Pinna3 brief. ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 7 ■wide apart below, and crowded together towards the apex of the frond. Alternate and linear oblong. Pinnules usually oblong-ovate, overlapping, flat, oblique, the anterior side the longest. The peculiar toothed margin gives the frond a fim- briated appearance. Sori situated on the anterior side of the basal anterior venule; however the vein becoming branched at a greater distance from a midvein than is ordinarily the case, the sori become placed half-way between the margin and the midvein in two distinct lines. Sori small and curved. My thanks are due to Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart., of Rolleston Hall; Mr. E. Cooling, of Derby; and to Mr. E. Sim, of Foot's Cray, for plants. Fig. 279.— Portion of Frond. CoNioiDES, Applehy. (Fig. 279.)— Found at Cantley, near Doncaster, by Mr. S. Appleby. Length of f]-ond two feet. Stipites pale in colour, and furnished Vvith light brown scales. Fronds broadly lanceolate. It takes its name from a resemblance to the hemlock leaves in the outline and divisions of the fronds. Pinnce irregular in outline, somewhat distant and acuminate. Pinnules mostly ovate, occasionally oblong, decurrent at the base, varying in size and outline, distant. Lobes distant and shallow, and notched almost to the apex, and these again notched with brief minute teeth. In the fertile fronds the pinnules taper to an acute point, and the lobes are narrower and more distant. Sori situated near the base of the lobes. It is not uncommon to observe forked or ramose pinnules. My thanks are due to Mr. Swynfeu Jcrvis, of Darleston Hall; 8 ATHYRIUM F1LIX-F(EMITn'A. Mr. E. Cooling, of Derby; Mr. Sim, of Foot's Cray; to Mr. Stansfield, of Todmorden; and to Mr. Kennedy, of Covent Garden, for fronds. Ti" 280.— Portion of Frond. Ramo-diffissum, 3Ion/ima?i. (Fig. 280.) — Fronds usually ramose or trifid, lanceolate. Pinnae as in diffisum, the lower pair, or one of them, frequently forming a diminutive frond. Sometimes the fronds are of the normal outline, except that the lower pair of pinna?, by forming dwarf frond-like elonga- tions, give them a sagittate feature. Of a spreading habit, with all the delicacy of diffisum or dissectum, and the pecu- liarly wide and irregular toothing of those varieties. The plant is very beautiful, and was raised in the fernery of Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton, who sends the fronds. Mr. Monkman has sown spores more than once, but has never succeeded in raising a ramose seedling, the young plants having all reverted to dffisum or dissectum, although the plant is very constant to the ramose character, a frond of purely normal outline being the exception. The illustration is from Mr. Monkman's plant. Alatum, Moore. — This variety was first found on Loch-na-gar about seven years ago, growing amongst Polypodium cdpestre. The plant is in the possession of Mr. A. Tait, of Edinburgh. A delicate-fronded variety, dwarf, and drooping in habit, much ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 9 more confluent than the variety marmum, which it somewhat resembles. Lanceolate in form, with the lower pinnoe small and deflexed; the pinnae have a broad base, and a blunt rounded apex; pinnatifid almost to the rachis at the base, above which more confluent, the pinnules being connected with the rachis by a broad distinct wing. Pinnules overlapping; as broad above as below, their apices rounded, and the margins notched with well-marked acute teeth, Sori short, and confined to the lowest veins in each segment. An illustration is not needed. fi Ar{7 4 Fig. -'SI. — Portion of Frond. Semidepauperatum, Clapham. (Fig. .'^Sl.) — An erect-growing form, the apices of the fronds gracefully arching, the whole forming a fine convolvulus-shaped plant. Fronds of the outline of marinum, the fronds and pinnae making very long attenuated apices, all of which, together with the pinnules, are semide- pauperated, or deeply cleft into somewhat regular sinuses, giving to the plant a very elegant, in addition to its extremely graceful, appearance. It is truthfully constant, and profusely fertile. Probably one of the prettiest of the long-striped nonfrondose varieties. The plant is in possession of Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton, who supplies the fronds for illustration. PoLYCLADOS-DissECTUM, Moore. — Found in Trentham Park, Staffordshire, by Mr. Swynfen Jervis, of Darlaston Hall, near Stone. Fronds usually ramose; the stipites and rachides red VOL. II. C 10 ATHYRIUM riLIX-FCEMlNA. in colour, the pinnfe occasionally forked at their extreme apices; the pinnules sessile or decurrent, pinnatifid, the teeth on the lobes being deep, linear, acute, and irregular. No illustration is necessary. Fig. 282.— Apex of Frond. 283.— Middle pinna. MoNKMANii, Moore. (Figs. 282 and 283.) — A crested form of irregular habit. The fronds are normal in outline, having the pinnse rather distant, and the pinnules broad, incised, and much crowded, sub-imbricate. The fronds are all crested, but not with any degree of regularity, some being massive, as in coronans, others as in multifidum, with an occasional multi-furcate apex. The pinnae are generally crested, but vary in size and regularity. The plant is very handsome, erect in habit, and peculiarly frondose in the pinnse. This variety was found by ]Mr. Monk- man, in 1860, growing on a bank near a well in Troutbeck ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 11 village, where hundreds of persons must have passed it daily, at least in the summer-time, in going to or returning from Ambleside. The plant, when found by Mr. Monkman, was double crowned, and was divided with Mr. Clowes, the variety yet remaining exclusively in possession of these growers. Mr. Monkman sends the frond for illustration. Fig. 284. CoNFLUENS, Moore. (Fig, 284.) — Height twelve inches. Habit erect. Rigid. Sub-bipinnate, form narrow-lanceolate. Pinnae distant and irregular in outline. Basal anterior pinnules stipitate, ovate, profoundly pinnatifid, segments having a few coarse sharp teeth, the remaining pinnules similar but smaller. Sori irregular. Found by Mr. A. Tait, of Edinburgh, in 1853, in the seam of a perpendicular rock on the pine-covered mountains near Dunkeld. For plants and fronds I am indebted to Mr. Swynfen Jervis, of Darleston Hall; Mr. C. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe; Mr. E. Cooling, of Derby; and Mr. Kennedy, of Covent Garden. Fig. 285. SuBDEPAUPERATUM, Cloives. (Fig. 285.) — A large-growing variety, apparently of the decompositum type, found by Mr. F. Clowes, at Windermere. Its peculiarity consists in the pinnae being occasionally denuded of their pinnules, of which only the midribs perhaps are represented; and in some cases 12 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. the pinnte themselves are either totally wanting, or have merely their midribs present. The variety grows well in Mr. Clowes' out-door Fernery at Windermere, and is quite constant to its odd-looking peculiarities. The illustration is from a division of the original plant, forwarded by Mr. C. Monkman. The variety is more curious than pretty. Fig. 286. Acuminatum, Moore. (Fig. 28G.) — Found some years ago on Snowdon by Mr. W. Pamplin. This interesting and singular variety is of dwarf habit. The fronds, which are broadly lanceolate, are somewhat more than twelve inches in length. The pinnse are crowded, brief, deflexed below, the longest pinnse terminating in a serrated acuminate point. The pinnules distinct, but decurrent, linear-oblong in form, blunt at the apex, and frequently narrowed below, numerous, patent, (e. e. spreading at an angle of 45°,) pinnatifid in the basal part. The dentation of the pinnules and lobes also long and acute. Sori in lines near the costa, and abundant. The chief peculiarity of this slender and graceful variety consists in its acuminated pinnse, and narrow oblong pinnules. PoLYCLADOS-iRREGULARE, Moove. — Found by Mr. G. B. Wol- laston, of Chiselhurst, in Pett's Wood, near Chiselhurst, Kent, and at Hulm, near Windermere. Fronds frequently branched, and multifid at the apex; the apices also of the irregular confused-looking pinnse frequently forked. Pinnules irregular both in size and form, sometimes ovate and profoundly pinna- tifid, occasionally linear, with narrow lobes, or distorted, or abbreviated. Dentation not prominent, brief, and acute. It is not necessary to give an illustration. ATHYRIUM FILTX-FCEMINA. 13 Fig. 287.— Shewing form of Frond. 288.— Pinna. EuTSONii, Monhman. (Figs. 287 and 288.) — Fronds broadly, almost triangularly lanceolate, spreading. This is a remarkable form. The lower pairs of pinnee are longest, and mostly or nearly normal. In ascending order they become ramose or dichotomously forked, frequently forming flabellate fan-like pinnae. Towards the apex of each frond the pinna3 become cruciate, as in the 14 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. whole frond of FieldicB, and imbricate; indeed from the very- nature of the ramose pinnse the imbricate character is strongly marked throughout. The apices of the frond are more or less flattish-forked or branched, but where not so are attenuated or caudate, much resembling in the upper parts the variety Fieldice. The plant is profusely fertile, and is a vigorous grower. The history of this remarkable variety is obscure. The plant illustrated was purchased at the Yorkshire Gala, 1863, for Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton. The exhibitor knew little of it, except that it had been found by a Mr. Rutson, somewhere about the Hambleton range of hills, in North Yorkshire. Mr. Monkman furnishes the fronds for illustration. J- \ ' \ mj. m - V \r f f Fig. 289. Plumosum-Monkmanii, Stansfield. (Fig. 289.) — This elegant variety was found by ]Mr. C. Monkman, when botanizing in company with Mr. T. Stansfield, in Coneysthorpe banks. Castle Howard, Yorkshire, in 1862. Four crowns were found, which are held by the discoverer, Messrs. Stansfield, the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, and Mr. Clapham. The form is recog- nisable as a plumose variety at first glance, but on examination does not prove so finely divided as the plumosum of the Messrs. Stansfield, from which also it differs in its erect, stiff habit of growth, and rigid pinnae. The Messrs. Stansfield's form of lilumosum is certainly the more graceful of the two. So far Mr. Monkman's variety has proved barren. The illustration is from one of the original plants, sent by Mr. Monkman. Cristatum, Monkman. — This form is distinguished by its crested apices of fronds, the pinnse shewing no such peculiarity. It was found by Mr. C. Monkman in Slingsby Woods, near ATHYRIUM FILIX-FOiMINA, 15 Malton, and subsequently by Mr. Jobn Muckle, of Norton, near Hovingham. No illustration is requisite, indeed both tlie plants alluded to are dead. Fig. 290.— Apex. Cristata-polydactyla., Stansjield. (Fig. 290.) — A splendid variety sent out by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todinorden. It may be described as an improved form of tnultijidum. The difference consists in its erect habit of growth, and generally robust character. The fronds are short, and the apices of the fronds and pinuEe all end in a massive crown-like crest, rendering the plant very distinct botanically, and in appearance from muUiJidum. The illustration is from Mr. Monkman's plant, who says the variety is identical with a crested form now offered by Messrs. Stansfield, as midtijidum-nanum. MuLTiFiDUM-NANUM, Stansfield. — See Cristata-polydactyla. 1() ATHYRIUM I'lLIX-FCEMlXA. PoLYCLADOS-MiNUS, Moore. — Found near Scarborough by Mr. Clapham. This subvariety is ramose both in the stipites and rachides. The pinnules being small, blunt, and oblong in form, which are normal as regards being pinnatifid and toothed. An illustration is not needed. '^v. :{% Fig. 291. — Upper pinna PoLYCLADOs, Moore. (Fig. 291.) — A curious variety. Large spreading fronds, usually twin- or ramo-fronded, or furcate; the primary divisions more or less irregularly forked, but without any tendency to cresting. Some fronds are not ramose, but have a peculiar warty contraction of the midrib about mid- frond, which causes the pinnae to crowd into masses on either side. The plant is a curiosity, with no two fronds exactly alike, and many as divergent as possible. Found near Ilfra- combe, Devonshire, by the Rev. J. M. Chanter; in Guernsey by Mr. C Jackson; Eccleston, in Lancashire, by Mr. E.. Morris; near Manchester by Mr. J. Horsfall; Barnstaple, Devonshire, by Mr. C. Jackson; and at Windermere by Mr. F. Clowes. There are several sub-varieties hereafter to be described. The illus- tration is from Mr. Monkman's plant. FuRCANS-MoNKMANii, Moukmaji. — Of this variety several plants were found in the immediate neighbourhood of Mo)ik- manii. It is a robust grower, and is in all respects analagous .JCSJW^V ATHYRIUM FILIX- Var. Multifldiim. XXXVI ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 17 to the varieties so named in Lastrea species, with the peculiar sub-imbricate pinnules of Monkmanii. The apices of fronds and pinnae are bifid or trifid, rarely approaching a crest. Mr. Monkman visited the station in Troutbeck, in 1863, and found two more plants. An illustration is not needed. MuLTiFiDUM, Moore. (Plate XXXVI.) — A most beautiful, symmetrical, and gracefid Fern, although a monstrosity. It was originally found in Ireland, near Seven Churches, County Wicklow, by Mr. D. Moore, of the Glasnevin Gardens, Dublin; other very similar forms have since been found in County Clare by the late Dr. Kinahan; in Killarney by Mr. Ogilby; in the lake district of Westmoreland, now in the jDossession of Mr. G. B. Wollaston; and in Scotland at the base of Ben Lawers by Mr. W. Marshall, of York. This variety is analogous to the cristate, variety of Lastrea filix-mas. The fronds are two to three feet in length, and nine or ten inches in width. Normal in habit, broadly lanceolate, and someAvhat lax. The characteristic difference of this variety consists in the apices of the fronds, and also of the pinnce and pinnules being beauti- fully tasseled, or divided into dichotomously branched narrow segments. In the many times dichotomously branched apices of the pinnules the tips of the segments are spread out and incised. The pinnules are oblong-acute, subfalcate, pinnatifid, the points of the lobes recurving, as in the variety rhceticum, and thus in some degree detracting from the beauty of the fronds, giving them a curled appearance, although the beauty is not marred to any great extent. My thanks are due to Mr. Sim, of Foot's Cray; Mr. Monkman, of Malton; to Mr. Kennedy, of Covent Garden; to Mr. E. Cooling, of Derby; and to Mr. Veitch, of the Exotic Nurseries, Chelsea, for plants; and to the same gentlemen, and to Mr. G. B. Wollaston, of Chiselhurst, for fronds. MuLTiriDUM-RAMOSUM, Moore. — Raised from spores by Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough. Fronds broad and short, they are more lax and slender than in the ordinary form of mul- tificlum, the pinnse being often unequally branched. Pinnules also narrower, and somewhat depauperated, and their apices more raggedly multifid. Mr. Moore remarks that the fronds VOL. II. D 18 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. have a ragged and semi-depauperated appearance. No illus- tration is necessary. ' diT' 'Y * V ^ W ^\ "iV'- i'^M^ ^' Fig. 292.— Pinna. Mui,TiFiDUM-NANTJM, Moore. (Fig. 292.) — A dwarf, more lax, and narrower-pinnuled variety than multiJidum-EdelstcniL Length of frond ten inches and a half, width four inches. Equal in width, except for one inch and a half below the branching apex, where it suddenly narrows to an inch in width, and then dilates to a multiiid apex of one inch and a half in width. Pinnae flexuose, broad at the base, and very narrow near the multiiid apices. Pinnules conspicuously fringed with minute hair-like teeth. Stipes and rachis somewhat purple. The multifid apices long, narrow, and lax. The illustration was sent by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. MuLTiFiDUM-MiNUS, Moore. — Found at Ilfracombe, Devon- shire, by Mr. C. Jackson. A dwarf variety, not exceeding eight inches in length, being multifid at the apex of the fronds, and having a pencil-like tuft at the caudately-attenuated apices of the pinnae. An illustration is unnecessary. Fig. 293 Multifidum-Edelstenii, Lowe. (Fig. 293.) — A dwarf broad- fronded variety of multifidvm, raised from sjiores by Mr. Edelsten, of The Woodlands, Mosely, near Birmingham. Length ATHYRIUM FILTX-FCEMINA. 19 of frond nine inches, width five inches. Stipes very short. Singularly leafy and plumose. Pinn?e opposite below and alternate above, equal in length, except at the ramose apex, and therefore making the frond equal in width near the apex and base. Pinnules long, narrow, and leafy, and very regular in outline. Dentation also very regular. The apices of the pinnae multifid, and the apex of the frond branching and multifid. Vivid green in colour, and delicate in substance. The illustration is from Mr. Edelsten's frond. Fig. 294. MuLTTFiDUM-TENUE, Loioe. (Fig. 294.) — A thin, very slender, bending-fronded form, found in the Channel Islands by Mr. J. James, of Vauvert. Fronds fourteen inches in length, and five inches and a half in width in the widest part. The pinnce and pinnules closely resemble the normal form of JLastrea Jilix-mas, except in substance, which is as thin as tissue-paper. Apex of frond acuminate. Pinnules leafy and simply dentate. The apices of the pinnae and of the fronds themselves furcate, the furcations being minutely multifid. I am indebted to Mr. James, of Vauvert, for fronds. Fig. 29.5. Multifidum-Mapplebeckti, Lowe. (Fig. 295.) — A very 20 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. leafy variety of multifidum, raised from spores by Mr. J. E. Mapplebeck, of Moseley, near Birmingham. Fronds symmetrical, ten inches long, four inches wide. Pinnse opposite below, alternate above; approximate, overlapping each other, except the basal pair; the multifid apices small. Pinnules broad, touching each other without overlapping. The frond widest in the centre, gradually narrowing to the multifid apex. The illustration was sent by Mr. J. E. Mapplebeck. Fig. 29G. MuLTiFiDUM-CooMNGii, Loioe. (Fig. 296.) — A large-growing stout variety, raised by Mr. Edwin Cooling, Mile-ash Nursery, near Derby. Length of frond twenty-seven inches, width seven inches. Pinnae narrow, distant, usually furcate, and the fur- cations multifid, broadest at the base, and narrowing gradually to the furcation. The superior basal pinnule the longest. Pinnules long, narrow, and deeply divided. Sori copious, becoming confluent, and covering the whole under side of the frond. The illustration is from Mr. Cooling's frond. Multifidum semidepauperatum, Sim. — Paised from spores by Mr. Sim, of Foot's Cray. In this variety the multifid apex and one side of the frond resemble multifidum, whilst the other side has the pinua3 considerably diminished in size, or even wanting, being excessively depauperated. ATHYRIUM FIL1X-F(KM1NA. 21 ^.<,y -=^^ Fig. 297. Multifidum-Fraseiu, Lowe. (Fig. 397.) — Found in Scotland. A graceful variety. Pinnffi normal on one side of the rachis, and all except at the apex depauperate on the other side. The apices of the normal fronds furcate, and the furcations multifid. Pinnules long, narrow, abrupt-pointed, and con- spicuously auriculate. Apex of the frond multifid. The pinnules immediately below the multifid crest not furcate. I am indebted to Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Edinburgh, for fronds. Fis. 298.— Portion of Frond. ExcuRRENS, 3Ioore. (Fig. 298.)— Found in 1853, at Tun- bridge Wells, and now in the possession of Mr. G. B. Wollaston, of Chiselhurst. This singular variety has the general form of the variety ?nolle, but having rather distant decurrent pinnules. The peculiarity consists in the tips of the pinna, and occa- sionally of the pinnules and teeth, extending out into transparent ATHYRIUM FILIX-F(EMINA. liair-like points, giving the appearance of an excurrenfr growth of the veins, hence its name. The Rev. J. M. Chanter has found near Ilfracombe a variety very similar, except that it has not the excurrent points. Fig. 299.— Sliewing form of Frond. 300.— rinnre. E.AMO-THYSANOTUM, MotiJiman. (Figs. 299 and oOO.) — This beautiful form is in no way different from its parent thysanotum, except that it is uniformly hi- or tri-fronded, each division, ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 23 when luxuriantly grown, having a disposition to fork again. The pinnae are exquisitely toothed; and the terminal and lateral crestings are large and very compound, hut somewhat flabellate. Raised by Mr. C Monkman, who supplies the fronds for illustration. .■f^. Fig. 801. — Portion of Frond. Macilentum, 3foore. (Fig- 301.) — A much-cut variety. Length of frond from twelve or thirteen inches, width five inches. Pinnre irregular in size and form, sometimes acuminate or acute at the apex, at others abrupt, broad, or with furcate pinnules. Pinnules laciniated, lacerated, or as if eaten away, various in form and size. In the abnormal pinnules the sori are situated on the extreme edge, being marginal, and even supra-soriferous. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield, V,,, ,-W,>'\p\. .t^V^^i'\■.C^\'.^M■^M Fisr. 302.— Pinna. Marinum, Moore, f Aherdeenense of some Gardens.) (Fig- SOS.) — Found some years ago in a cave by the sea-side near Aberdeen by Dr. Dickie, and more recently in the Isle of Man by Dr. Allchin. Length of frond from twelve to eighteen inches, rigid, spreading, or decumbent, and sub-bipinnate to bipinnate, elliptic-lanceolate in form, the pinna? being longest in the centre of the frond, narrowing equally both towards the 24 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMTNA. base and apex. Piniias almost equal in widtli foi* two thirds of their length, eventually contracting into an acuminate point. Pinnules crowded, even overlapping, mostly largest next the main rachis, oblong and blunt in form with rounded apices, connected by a narrow wing set on at right angles, the margin toothed with narrow indentations, the lobes being scarcely developed. The scales at the base of the stipetes are almost black. Sori lunate; they are situated as a double line near the costa of the pinnules. An interesting plant, which I received some years ago from Dr. Dickie, through Mr. Mackay. Fiff. 303.— Pinna. CouETAULDi^, Loiue. (Fig. 303.) — A graceful, multifid variety, raised in the Fernery at Highfield House. The chief peculiarities of this form are the curving downwards of all the pinnse, and the exceedingly vivid green colour of the pinnules. Length of frond fifteen inches, width four inches in the centre of the frond, becoming narrower towards the base and apex. Pinnre nearly equal in width, except a slight contraction near the branching apices, distant below, crowded and overlapping near the apex of the frond. Pinnules crowded, broad, blunt ended, and minutely bidentate. The pinnae curve gracefully downwards, and the pinnules curve upwards, making the upper side of the pinnre concave. The rachis red, dilated at the apex, where it becomes multifid, the crown being narrow, compact, and much laciniated. ATHYRIUM FILIX-FrEMlNA. iiJd Fig. 304.— Portion of Frond. Ramulosum, Moore. (Fig. 304.) — A form of Athyrium in which, the fronds are furcate, but rarely ramose, all the apical parts forking or cresting. Found by Mr. C. Monkraan, of Malton, at Oldstead, Yorkshire, and a similar form near Windermere. t^/f. '■" ''f^iMfm Fig. 305.— Pinna, Inciso-digitatum, Lowe. (Fig. 305.) — A graceful multifid Fern raised from spores in the Fernery at Highfield House. Length of frond eighteen to twenty inches, breadth in the centre of the frond seven inches. Pinnse alternate throughout the frond, narrowing to the base, distant below, and crowded near the apex. The apex of the frond somewhat ovate in form. Pinnee equal in width, (except as regards the pair of VOL. 11. E 26 ATHYRIUM FILIX-rCEMINA. basal pinnules, which are larger than the rest,) and narrowing gradually towards the digitate tasseled apices. Pinnules stalked, and the lobes incised almost to the costa, and minutely dentate at the apices of the lobes, the basal anterior lobe the longest. The pinnae multifid at their apices in every portion of the frond. Fig. 306. Alatum-Fraseri, Lowe. (Fig. 306.) — Found in Corrifern Glen, in Peeblesshire, in July, 1860, by Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Canon Mills Lodge, Edinburgh. Length nine inches, width not quite three inches in the widest part. A compact frond, with close leafy pinnules, somewhat imbricated, and having characters midway between alatum and minimum. I am indebted to Mr. Fraser for a frond. Fiff. 307. Apu^forme, Moore. (Fig. 307.) — Found at Ayburn Wyke, near Scarborough, by Mr, J. Horsfall, and made known to the public by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. This elegant dwarf variety somewhat resembles Multijidum, differing in the apuseform or fish-like outline of its fronds. Length from eight to ten inches, width in the widest part, (that is in the middle of the frond,) two to four inches. My thanks are due to Mr. Edwards, of Nuttal, for a plant, from which the illustration has been taken. ATHYRIUM FILIX-FGEISIINA. 27 vf.:; Fig. 308.— Frond reduced. Apple BYANUM, Moore. (Fig. 308.) — A very handsome variety. This remarkable Fern is in the possession of Messrs. Ivery, of Dorking and Reigate. Length of frond seventeen inches, width for the twelve inches nearest the base less than one JiO ATHYRIUM FILIX-F(EMIN A. inch. Five inches from the apex the frond becomes branched, and again branched, and many of the pinnte bi- or trifurcate. Pinnae on basal half of frond distant, and for the first nine inches resemble those of Frizellice, then they more nearly resemble Fieldice, being abruptly branched and lying along the rachis wrapping over each other and hiding the rachis as if tiled over, except at the base of the branching apex of the frond ascend instead of descend, the pinnae being very irregular in size and form. Pinnules much cut and divided to the costa, I am indebted to Messrs. Iverv for the illustration. Fig. 309. Arranense, Lowe. (Fig. 309.) — A distinct broad-fronded variety. Fronds two feet long, and nine to ten inches broad. Pinnse opposite below, and alternate above, gracefully curving, approximate, equal in width, except the acuminate apex. Pinnules large and blunt pointed, briefly stalked, and deeply cut and auriculate. Sori abundant. Fronds yellowish green in colour. Found in the Isle of Arran, in September, 1863, by Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Edinburgh, from whom I have received fronds. Abruptum, Moore. — Found at Port Erin, in the Isle of Man. A singular monstrosity with variable fronds. Pinnae croAvded, partially depauperated, pinnules oblong, unequally cut; at the apices of many of the pinuce there are one or two large pinnules, but the normal gradually tapering apex is wanting as the apex is dilated and abrupt. Sometimes a normal frond occurs. An illustration is unnecessary. ATHYRIUM FILIX-F(EM1NA. 29 Inexpletum, Moore. — Raised from spores by Mr. Sim, of Foot's Cray, Kent. A vai'iety raised from Multijidujn, curious from its depauperated, ragged, and incomplete fronds. Fronds slender, lax, eighteen inches in length, broadly lanceolate. The apices of the fronds and pinnte depauperatcly caudate, and moderately and slenderly tasselled. Pinnules mostly depauperated, occasionally a mere rib, where most developed decurrent and very narrow. An illustration is unnecessary. Fig. 310,— Portion of Frond. Baknesii, Lowe. (Fig. 310.) — A very singular variety, found in 1860, in Levens Park by Mr. Barnes. Length of frond eight inches, width one inch. A long narrow-fronded form. The pinnse, more properly speaking, are wanting, and their place substituted by wide, remarkably ragged, or laciniated 30 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. pinnules, and a terminal larger pinnule. Pinnules varied in size and form, being smallest near the apex, about fifteen or sixteen pairs on each frond. A dwarf delicate variety. The illustration is from Mr. Barnes' frond. Fig. 311.— Shewing form of Frond. 312.— Middle pinna. BiFiDUM, Lowe. (Figs. 311 and 312.)— Found near Edinburgh in 1859. An interesting dwarf slender-fronded variety in the interruptum section. Length of frond fifteen inches. In the centre the rachis divides into two distinct fronds. The apices ATHYRIUM F1LIX-F{I:MINA. 31 of the two fronds linear; one half of the pinna3 very short, few wanting, and several very long. Pinnules various in size and form, mostly depauperate, often only the teeth of the lobes or a portion of the lobes present. A pretty variety. Fig. 313. Balfourii, Lowe. (Fig. 313.) — Eaised from spores by Mr. James, of Vauvert. Another interesting multifid variety, very distinct in character, and named after Professor Balfour, the well-known Edinburgh Botanical Professor. Length of frond sixteen or eighteen inches; width almost equal, except near the apex, varying from five and a half to six inches. Pinnae ascending, from four to four inches and a half in length, and an inch wide, broadest at the base, narrowing rapidly to a quarter of an inch just below the multifid apex. Tassels from one inch to one inch and a half in width, forming large con- spicuous crests, the apex of the frond itself larger, and more multifid. Pinnules stout in substance, long, and narrow; lobes deeply cut near the base of the pinnules at the basal portion of the pinnae, and very shallowly cut near their apices; in the upper half of the pinnae the pinnules shallowly dentate, the upper portion entire, and only dentate at their apices. A g-raceful form. The illustration is from ]\Ir. James' frond. Minimum, Moore. — Found at Ilfracombe about the year 1856, and was in the nursery of the late Mr. Young, of Taunton. A very dwarf variety, the fronds being only six inches in length, and not one inch and a half broad. Bipinnate, the basal 32 ATHYRIUM FILTX-FQJIMINA. pinnules distinct, the upper ones decurrent, with the base, confluent. Pinnro somewhat irregular, and tapering to a point. Pinnules irregular in size and development, oblong, more acute upwards, profoundly pinnatifid, having toothed lobes below, and being inciso-dentate above. Teeth narrow and acute, the dentation producing a fringed appearance. Sori short and irregular, mostly situated at the base of the pinnules. An illustration is unnecessary. Fig. 314. Crispatum, Moore. (Fig. 314.) — A pretty crispated variety, in the possession of Mr. Swynfen Jervis, of Darlaston Hall. Fronds twelve inches in length, and three inches and a half in width. Rachis somewhat bending. Pinnae on the lower half of the frond opposite, and on the upper half alternate, diminishing in length from the centre of the frond both towards the apex and base. Their apices blunt-pointed. Pinnules broad, leafy, and overlapping, their apices rounded and dentate. My thanks are due to Mr. Swynfen Jervis for fronds. Fig. 315. CuRTUM, JVollastoti. (Fig. 315.) — A pretty, compact variety, found by Mr, Joseph Wood at Bowness, Fronds eleven inches long, and two inches and a half broad in the middle. Very regular in outline. Fronds narrow and broadly pointed. Pinnae short and broad, and blunt at their extremities. Pinnules ATHYRIUM riLTX-FCEAIINA. 33 very leafy, vivid green, wide, and dentate along their edges, tlieir apices flat and dentate. My thanks are due to Mr. Joseph Wood for the illustration. Abortivum, Lowe. — A singular abortive variety, found at Nettlecombe by Mr. Ehvorthy. Length ten inches, the basal five inches without pinna?, indeed five pairs of pinnce are all that the frond contains. Some of the pinna? broad and triangular, others long and thin, or variously mis-shapen. Pinnules much laciniated or depauperated, the dentation very irregular. I am indebted to Mr. Elworthy for fronds. An illustration is unnecessary. Fiff. 316 — Pinn.TC. CoNTORTHM, Stansjield. (Fig. 316.)— Raised from spores by Mr. Stansfield, of Vale Nursery, Todmorden, and proved quite constant. A slender form thirteen or fourteen inches in length, he fronds being three inches and a half wide. Pinnae, and more especially the pinnules, much contorted or twisted back. Pinnules very various in form and size, some absent. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. BuLLERi^, Moore. — Found in 1858, in the neighbourhood of Tregullow, Cornwall, by Mrs. Hornby Puller, to whom Mr. Moore has dedicated it. An elegant crested form, peculiar as regards the long narrow teeth of its small pinnules, and the obtuse dilated sharp-toothed tufts which terminate the fronds and pinnae. Length of frond twelve inches, breadth two inches. VOL. II. F 34 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. Symmetrical below, and divided at the apex into a corymbose tuft of brancblets as broad as the frond itself. Pinna? from seven eighths of an inch to one inch and a quarter in length, the basal ones deflexed, they are broadest at the base, and narrow gradually towards the apex. The tassel is dilate and many-branched, the divisions leafy at the sides, and having blunt dilated apices, which are sharply and conspicuously dentate. An illustration is not necessary. ^hM-pW^^^^ Fig. 317. — Shewing form of frond. Fig. 318.— Pinnte. Crispum, 3Ioore. (Figs. 317 and 318.) — This slender, elegant, dwarf plant was originally found in Ireland, on Orah, a hill in County Antrim; subsequently in Corymulzie Lynn, Brpemar, Scotland, by Sir W. C. Trevelyan, and at Todmorden, Lancashire, by Mr. J. liuddert. Cnsjnim more closely resembles a tuft of fine curled parsley than a Fern. Length of frond from six to twelve inches. The fronds branch in every possible manner, the rachis being irregularly divided, and each apex densely tufted in close obtuse tassels. Both the pinna; and pinnules are very unsymmetrically divided, and the pinnse are often wanting for a long portion of the stipes. I am indebted to Mr. Joseph Sidebotham, of Manchester, to Mr. J. Pearson, of Chilwell, and to Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton, for plants. ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 35 DivERSiFRONS, Moove. — Raised from spores by Mr. Young, of Taunton. A pretty variety, having broad fronds. This variety produces two kinds of fronds, some not unlike iticisian, and others remarkably depauperately laciniated. Pinnae various in length, and in their outline, some linear and tapering to a point, others abbreviated and forked or hooked at the apex, the whole rachis occupied by the pinnules, or considerable bare irregular spaces. The pinnules irregularly pinnatifid and laciniated, occasionally depauperated either in length or breadth. An illustration is unnecessary. jsssJt':- **5|5ip'--^' Fig. 319.— Apex. CoRONATUM, Moore. (Fig. 319.) — A splendid dwarf Fern, well named on account of its enormous crowded apex. Length of frond eight inches, width one inch and a half, except the terminal crown, which is at least three inches and a half across. Rachis dilated from the centre of the frond, and throwing out a number of branches, which cross each other. 36 ATHYRIUM riLIX-FCEMINA. and produce a large, compact, much-divided tassel. The pinnae below the tassel very brief, but more or less normal. Rachis red. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, for fronds. Fig. 320— Frond. CiiisPUM-coRONATUM, Loioe. (Fig. 320.) — Mr. Monkman, of Malton, has sent me the present new Fern, which differs from the crispum in not having lax wide-spread branches, and in the corymbiferous head forming a compact somewhat circular crown. Length of frond nine inclies, Avidth three inches and a half; in crispum the width is six or seven inches. The pinnules crowded and overlapping each other. DiFFissuM-GRACiLE, Moore. — Found at the Sulphur Wells, Harrogate, by Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, resembling Diffissmn, but having a more slender form. An illustration is needless. ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 37 CoRYMBiFERUM, Moore. (Plate XXXVII.) — A very hand- some, robust-growing, tasselled variety, found in Guernsey by Mr. James, of Vauvert. It has been raised so abundantly from spores, that this remarkably handsome variety is not uncommon. It differs in the great breadth of its pinnules, in the larger size of its tasselled apices, and by its red stipes and rachis. Length of frond from eighteen inches to nearly three feet, and from six to ten inches broad. Pinnoe approximate, oblong, but slightly tapering towards the apex, the rachis dividing into three branches about six or eight inches below the apex, each branch being bipinnate, and tufted corymbosely. Along the rachis of these branches the pinnules are uninterruptedly continued, and thus materially increasing the breadth of the tuft. Pinnules broad, oblong, blunt, and somewhat connected, as in molle; they are set immediately on the rachides, giving the frond a peculiar breadth and fulness. The corymbose termination is large and spreading, bearing pinnules throughout. My thanks are due to Mr. James, of Vauvert, and to Mr. E. Cooling, of Derby, for fronds. Fig. 321.— Pinna. CoRYMBiFERUM-Low^ET, Loioe. (Fig. 321.) — Raised from spores at Highfield House. Length of frond twenty-two inches, width in centre eight inches. This form differs in the flat wide-spreading multifid apices of the pinna?, and in the flat many-branched compact ultimate crest. It also differs in habit, the fronds rising from the crown at an angle of about 50°, the apices alone weeping. Being a young plant, next season it is probable that it may be even finer than in 18G4. 38 ATHYRIUM riLIX-FffiMINA. Fig. 322.— Pinnre. Dareoides, Moore, (originally named Davallioides by Mr. G. B. Wollaston.) (Fig. 323.) — Discovered in Ireland in the year 1854, near Castle Kelly, County Dublin, by my late much respected friend Dr. Kinahan; and subsequently a somewhat similar variety has been found near Todmorden by Mr. Stansfield. A singular distinct Z^area-looking variety, having the pinnules pinnatifid, the indentations entire at their edges, and having the sori situated in the angle, causing the spore-cases to project beyond the margin of the frond. The pinnules also bulge forwards. Mr. Stansfield's plant has fronds eighteen inches in length, and nine inches in breadth, ovate- lanceolate in form, with approximate pinnse and somewhat distant pinnules. The pinnae overlap each other, and are broad linear-oblong, tapering to a long point. Pinnules distinct, ovate-oblong in shape, profoundly pinnatifid; lobes narrow, and only toothed at the end, and having very open sinuses. Some lobes have merely a single vein, the sorus being situated on a short fork near the base, other lobes have two, three, or four branch veins. Sori small, forming a single row on either side of and near to the costa, and just abutting on the sinus. Decompositum, Moore. — Found in Cornwall, at Penryn, by Mr. G. Dawson; in Somersetshire, near Nettlecombe, by Mr. C. Elworthy; in Kent, at Chiselhurst, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; in Hampshire, at Basingstoke, by Mr. F. Y. Brocas; in Wor- cestershire, at Daylesford, by Mr. H. Buckley; in Denbighshire, at Ruthin, by Mr. T. Pritchard. In Ireland at Lisdoonvarna, County Clare, by Mr. R. Barrington; and at Chaigeley Manor, ATHYRIUM FILlX-FfRMlXA. 39 near Clitheroe, in Lancashire, and at Corby Castle, near Carlisle, by myself. Fronds quite tripinnate. The pinnules are divided to the midrib at the base, and the brief oblong blunt secondary pinnules are toothed along their sides, or even pinnatifid with dentate lobes. Length of frond two feet, width eight inches. Pinme widest in the widest part of the frond, narrowing and shortening towards the base and apex. This variety differs in the pinnatifid character of the secondary lobes from incisum. It is therefore a more decompound form of incisum, and very graceful. No illustration is necessary. ^ "^^ Fig. 323. — Pinn.T. DiFFissuM, Moore. (Fig. 32-3.) — Found originally in Guernsey by ]\Ir. James, of Vauvert, and subsequently in the Isle of Man by Dr. Allchin, at Tarbet, in Dumbartonshire by Mr. T. Moore, of the Chelsea Botanic Gardens, and at Todmordcn, Lancashire, by Mr. A. Stansfield. An accidental seedling of this variety also came up in IMr. Monkman's fernery at Malton. Not unlike dissectmn in the open irregular manner in which the pinnules are cut, and having intermediate characters between this variety and laciniatum. An elegant Fern, Avith fronds eighteen inches in length, and broadly lanceolate in form. Pinnae close together, and tapering gradually to a narrow point. Pinnules approximate, irregular both in their size and shape, mostly ovate-oblong, profoundly pinnatifid, with lobes unequally-toothed, separated by an open sinus. I am indebted to Mr. C. Moukman, of Malton, Mr. Swynfen Jervis, of Darlaston Hall, Mr. James, of Vauvert, Mr. Sim, of Foot's Cray, Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, and to Mr. E. Cooling, of Derby, for fronds. 40 ATHYRIUM F[LTX-F(EMINA. Fig. 324.— Piniire. Defectum, Wollaston. (Fig. 324.) — Found in Jaly, 18G0, at Drummelzien, near Brougliton, by Mr. P. Neill Fraser. Length of frond sixteen or seventeen inches; width Very variable, sometimes as much as six inches. No two pinnae alike in shape, and very various in size. Mr. Wollaston remarks that this variety is the exact counterpart of the variety varia?is in PolysticJmm angulare, and therefore it is a pity that name has been already taken up. The fronds are sometimes split on the rachis, and become twin. My thanks are due to ]Mr. P. Neill Fraser for fronds. Fig. 325.— Pinna. DiGTTALE, LoiL-e. (Fig. 325.) — A multifid variety, raised from spores by Mr. Edwin Cooling, of Derby. This variety is not unlike the Cynodon dachjlon, or Creeping Finger Grass, hence its name. Digitale most nearly resembles Balfourii, differing in the pinnae and pinnules being narrower, and in the linear digitate multifid apices. A lax form. Length of frond twenty-six inches, width only five inches. Pinnules ATMYRIUM FILIX-FCRMINA. 41 recurving, occasionally depauperated, and even wanting. Copi- ously and conspicuously soriferous throughout the frond. My thanks are due to Mr. CooliuE: for fronds. '^K,,:-^ Fis. 3-26.— Apex. Fig. 327 —Pinna. Denticulatum, Wollastoji. (Figs. 326 and 327.) — Found in 1861 near Gate Beck by Mr. Barnes, of Milnthorpe. Length of frond thirteen inches, width three inches and a half. Outline normal, thick and solid in substance, and dark green in colour. Pinnse regular, distant below, crowded above, about a score pairs. Pinnules varying in size and form, often VOL. II. G ATHYRIUM FILIX-rCEMINA. dilating into a rounded apex, which is thickly set with pro- minent teeth: the multiplicity of the teeth is a characteristic feature of the variety. My thanks are due to Mr. Barnes for the illustration. Fig. 328— Frond. Depauperatum, Wollaston. (Fig. 328.) — A remarkable variety found many years ago in Ireland, near Ben Bulgen in Sligo, by Mr. J. Gunning, the foreman at the Dublin College ATHYRIUM FILIX-FtEMINA. 43 Botanic Gardens, and distributed by Dr. J. T. Mackay. A tasseled-fronded monstrosity of unsymmetrical development. Length of frond from eight to fourteen inches. Pinnae tasseled, segments narrow and minutely lacerate, below the tassel depauperated and irregularly laciniated. Pinnules exceedingly irregular, often wanting. Apex of the frond profoundly laciniated, forming a large corymbiform tassel. There are several forms raised from spores with more or less compact tassels. I am indebted to the Rev. C. Padley, Bulwell Hall; Mr. Thomas Moore, of the Chelsea Botanic Gardens; Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough; and to Mr. Edwin Cooling, of Derby; for plants. Fig. 329.— Apex. Depauperatum-Edelstenii, Lowe. (Fig. 329.) — A sub- variety of depauperatum raised from spores by Mr. F. A. Edelsten, of the Woodlands, Moseley, near Birmingham. Length of frond ten inches, breadth of tassel four inches and a half. This variety differs only in the more perfectly corymbose apex, being more branched than usual, and in being closer and more finely fimbricated on the edge. The illustration is from Mr. Edelsten. 44 ATHYRIUM FILIX-rCEMlNA. tfet% DiFFisso-MULTiFiDUM, Lowe. (Fig. 330,) — A narrow-fronded distinct and interesting Fern. Length twelve or fourteen inches, width three inches and a half. In addition to the characters of diffissum, the apices of all the pinnules are conspicuously raultifid, and the frond itself terminates in a large multifid apex. This variety was found at Nettlecombe, Somersetshire, by Mr. Charles Elworthy, to whom I am indebted for fronds. .^.^iS'llj "te^ ?^ . .-.>« ,>i ^'"^Mf '^irs^^^-.^i^- - ^"' Fig. 331. — Piiuifc of young frond. Fig. 332.— Pinna of mature frond. DissECTUM, Wollaston. fFigs. 331 and o'^'^.^ — This lax and elegant Fern Avas found in Ireland by Dr. Young. Fronds ATHYRIUM FILlX-i'tEMINA. 45 stout, only twelve inches in length, and seven inches in breadth, broadly oval, and irregular in appearance. Symmetrical in outline. Pinnze crowded, not quite equal in length, broad to near the apex and then suddenly acuminate. Pinnules rather distant, decurrent, irregular in shape and size, mostly ovate-oblong, blunt, and cut into distant unequally-dentate lobes, separated by wide open sinuses. Fig. 333.— Middle pinnje. DissiMTLE, Crossfield. (Fig. 333.) — A dwarf, slender Fern, found at Arnside by Mr. Crossfield. Length of frond eight inches, width one inch and three quarters. Pinnae opposite except near the apex, the basal three pairs varying much in size and form, beyond which the outline is regular. Fronds pinnate, the lobes of the pinnae cut quite to the costa and finely dentate, their apices rounded. I am indebted to Mr. Monkman, of Malton, for a frond. Fig. 334.— Pinna. Elongatum, WoUaston. (Fig. 334.)— An interesting, large, slender Fern, found in 1861, in Brigsteur Wood, by Mr. 46 ATIIYRIUM yiLTX-FQlMINA. Barnes. The -name is hardly an appropriate one, although the superior basal pinnule is nearly twice the length of any of the others. Fronds symmetrical in form. Pinnae approximate, caudatcly acuminate near the apex. The superior basal pinnule exceedingly large, and distinctly stalked, the lobes of the pinnules deeply cut; and copiously, minutely, yet distinctly dentate. My thanks are due to jMr. Barnes for fronds. Fig. 335.— Shewing form of frond. Fig. 336.— Pinna, Elworthii, 3Ioore. (Figs. o35 and SSQ>.) — A magnificent multifid Fern, found near Nettlecombe by Mr. Charles Elworthy. Fronds thirty inches in length, and seven inches in width in the widest part; stout in substance. Pinnae ascending and arching gracefully, as if bent by the weight of the heavy fan- shaped multifid apex of each pinna; opposite below and alternate above. Pinnules linear-oblong, flat or dilated at the ATHYRIUM FILIX-Fa:MINA. 47 apex, and fimbriated with many minute teeth on the extreme end; lobes deeply cut, forming a row of coarse serrate teeth along the edges of the pinnules. This is one of the handsomest and most densely tasseled of the multifid varieties. I am indebted to Mr. Elworthy, of Ncttlecombe, for fronds. Fig. 33 -Pinna. Erosum, WoUaston. (Fig. o37.) — Found in Kent, near Tun- bridge Wells, by Mr. G. B. Wollastou; at Marwood, in Devonshire, by the Rev. F. Mules; and on Cahir Conree, near Tralee, county Kerry, by Dr. Allchin. This variety is normal in size, and lanceolate and almost normal in form, the pinnae also normal in size. The pinnules mostly variously depauperated, and therefore unequal in size, the lobes also disproportionately developed, the frond having an irregularly laciniated appearance; occasionally the pinnules are somewhat normal, blunt, oblong, pinnatifid, decurrent, the lobes unequal, with brief blunt teeth. The pinnules occasionally bifid or multifid. An approach to this variety, yet more normal in its characters, has been found in the Isle of Man by Dr. Allchin. Erosum-minus, Moore. — Found near Windermere, by Mr. F. Clowes. An elegrant diminutive form of erosiim. Fronds 48 ATHYRIUM Fir.TX-FfEMlNA. twelve inches in length, narrow, irregular. The pinnce tapering but not acuminate. Pinnules unequal and irregular. An illustration is not needed. Fig. 338.— Pinna\ Erosa-decurrens, Moore. (Fig. 338.) — A dwarf form, scarcely a foot in length, and two inches in width. Slender and thin. Pinnae descending in the lower half of the frond, and ascending and curving in the upper portion, their apices ending abruptly, and much lacerated. Pinnules decurrent and erose, and very various in size, sometimes wanting. The apex of the frond dilated, with a branching much-laciniated terminal pinnule. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. ■Fig. 339.— rinna;. Exile, Moore. (Fig. 339.) — A dwarf form from Todmorden and from Antrim, found by Mr. A. Stansfield, and in Levens Park by Mr. Barnes. Less depauperate than laciniatum, and more slender than dissechan. Pinna? irregular, narrow, and long-pointed; pinnules unequal and linear-oblong, profoundly pinnatifid, having occasional enlarged lobes producing ramose pinnules. Dentation short and blunt. I am indebted to Mr. Barnes for fronds. ATHYRTUM FTT.IX-FtEMTN A. 49 >^^ ^'-'''^mmm Fig. 340. — Portion of pinna, ExTREMO-DiGiTATUM, Lowe. (Fig. 340.) — Raised accidentally in my Fernery. A slender variety, fronds fourteen inches long, and four inches and a half broad in the centre, slightly narrowing towards the base, and acuminate at the apex. Pinnae opposite below, alternate above, lax, broadest in the centre, narrowing slightly towards their base, and acuminate at their apices. The extreme points terminating in conspicuous though minute digitate crowns. Pinnules long, narrow, slightly recurved, and conspicuously fringed with long, narrow, laciniate teeth. t ^j' Fiff. ;14l.— Pinna. Flexuosum, Moore. (Fig. 341.) — Found at Windermere by ]\[r. J. Huddart. Not unlike rlioeticum in its upright growth, its distant ascending pinna:, and its distant narrow convex pinnules, with incurving lobes; differing, however, in the flexuose character of the main rachides, and sometimes of the stipites, often grotesquely twisted. Length nineteen inches, width six inches and a half. I am indebted to Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Edinburgh, for fronds. Flavo-tinctum, Wollaston, {Curtmn, Moore.) — Found by Mr. Barnes near Levens in 1861. Fronds irregular. Named VOL. II. II 50 ATIIYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. from the yellow green colour of the fronds. Length seven inches, Avidth three inches in the widest part. Pinnae various in size, alternate, distant, nearly twice the size on one side of the rachis to what they are on the other, the lower basal pair, which are small and rounded at their apices, or triangular more or less, are descending, the rest horizontal; the apex of the frond composed of about half a dozen pinnatifid pinnules, occasionally a pinna will be a third of the size of the whole frond. Pinnules mostly somewhat distant, broad, rounded, and bidentate, giving the frond a fimbriated appearance, the superior basal pinnule the largest; occasionally depauperated, or much abbreviated. Pinnae sometimes wanting. My thanks are due to Mr. Barnes for fronds. An illustration is unnecessary. Fig. 342.— Middle of Frond. FiELDT^, Moore. (Fig. o42.) — A remarkable and distinct variety found by Mr. Field. This in Athyrium is a counterpart of ElwortJiii in Polystichum angulare, (see page 153, vol. i.) The fronds are more than two feet in length, and only one ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 51 inch wide, except immediately below the apex, where they are one inch and a half in width. The basal six inches destitute of pinnae. Pinnee approximate, except at the base; brief, abbreviated, stalked, and divided at the base into two short divergent eqnal-sized pinnae, part ascending and part descending, giving the frond a cuneiform appearance; the frond terminating in a normal narrow unbranched apex. My thanks arc due to Mr. Swynfen Jervis, of Darlaston Hall, for fronds. Fig. 343. — Middle of Frond. Fieldi.f:-pumilum, Moore. (Fig. 343.) — A dwarf form of Fieldicc, forwarded to me by Mr. Ivery, of Dorking. Length of frond thirteen inches, width from base to apex only half an inch; the apex rounded, and for the last two inches only half an inch wide. Pinnae crowded, some of the pinnules of the abrupt branching pinnse ascending, and others descending. I am indebted to Mr. Ivery for fronds. FuRCATUM, Moore. — Found near Ilfracombe, Devonshire, by the Rev. J. M. Chanter. Differing in having the tips of the pinnae forked, mostly once forked, occasionally twice or thrice forked, and having a tendency to dilatation in the tips. The apex of the frond is divided into a brief diminutive tassel. It is not necessary to give an illustration. 52 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. Fig. 341 — Piniire. FissiDENS, Moore. (Fig. 344.) — Found near Nettlecombe by Mr. Charles Ehvorthy. Fronds very irregular in outline, fifteen inches in length, and four inches in the ^videst part. Pinnae very various in size, from half an inch to two inches and a half, and very various in shape, many as if split down the rachides, and only containing pinnules on the anterior side. Pinnse very short on the basal half of the frond, wide in the middle, and short again near the apex of the frond. Pinnules various in size and form, the more developed ones much laciniated, depauperated, and many wanting; copiously dentate, with long narrow teeth. The illustration is from Mr. Elworthy's frond. I am also indebted to ]\Ir. Swynfen Jervis, of Darleston Hall, Staffordshire, for fronds. Fig. 345 — Portion of pinna. Fraserii, Lotoe. (Fig. 345.) — A handsome, broad-fronded Fern, of a deep green colour, found in Larrington Glen, Lanarkshire, in June, 1863, by Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Canon ATHYRIUM FIL1X-F(EMINA. 53 Mills Lodge, Edinburgh. Length of frond forty inches, breadth ten inches. Pinnre five to six inches long, and from an inch and a quarter to an inch and a half wide. Pinnules some three quarters of an inch long, and a quarter of an inch wide. PinnPB alternate, linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, with an acuminate caudate apex. Pinnules long, blunt-pointed, entire, and fringed on the sides with short teeth, and divided to the rachides. Sori diminutive. The illustration is from Mr. P. Neill Fraser. Fig. oie.— Middle of Frond. Prizelli.T;:, Bain. (Fig. -346.) — A distinct and beautiful variety. Length of frond fourteen inches, width equal throughout, namely, half an inch. Pinn?e branching immediately on the rachis, and producing a short rounded or a solid, leafy, semi- circular, flabellate-formed pinna, fimbriated with teeth on the edge. Opposite below, alternate above, and the frond ending in a rather larger terminal similar pinna; occasionally pinnae are produced not unlike those of Fieldice. My thanks are due to Mr. E. Cooling, of Derby, and to the Pev. C. Padley, of Bulwell Hall, for plants, and to Mr. Ivery, of Dorking, and to Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, for fronds. 54 ATHYRIUM FlLIX-l'd'MlXA. Fig. 347.— Apex. FRiZELLi.Ti-NANUM. (Fig. 347.)— A dwaif form of Frizellice, fronds only eight inches in length, the pinnae subopposite and rather larger than in Frizellice. My thanks are due to Mr. Ivery, of Dorking, for fronds. Fig. 348.— Upper pinna, Fig. 349.— Middle pinna. FoRMOsuM, Lowe. (Figs. 348 and 349.) — A lovely Fern, raised from spores by Mr. Edwin Cooling, of Mile Ash Nursery, Derby. Length of frond sixteen inches, width three inches and a half in the widest part, decreasing rapidly in width towards the base, and gradually towards the apex, the ATHYRHT:\I FII.IX-FfEMINA. 55 termination being abrupt. Pinnae short and very distant at tlie base, and subopposite; from the middle of the frond alternate and approximate. The four basal pairs of pinnce sterile, the others boldly and copiously soriferous. Pinna3 broadest at the base, and nearly equal in width for half the length, then suddenly and abruptly only half the width, yet again equal in width to the apices, which are frequently dilated and rounded more or less. Pinnules close together, touching without overlapping throughout the frond, the basal portion ovate- oblong and conspicuously dentate, those on the upper half of the pinnae various in form, mostly broader than long, and only dentate at their broad apices. A charming variety, for which I am indebted to Mr. Cooling. ^ "^'^ V "'^■^ "'i/ '^'^ '^■^ ^'^ Fig. 3.50. — Portion of pinna. Frondosum, Moore. (Fig. 350.) — Found at Mayford, in Surrey, by Mr. Thomas Moore; at Nettlecombe, in Somerset- shire, by Mr. C. Elworthy; and at Ruthin, in Denbighshire, by Mr. T. Pritchard. In this large compound variety the fronds reach a length of three feet, and are very broad and lanceolate, having wide approximate pinnte and crowded pinnules. This variety differs in the crowded pinnules causing it to have a very leafy appearance. The pinnae are irregular in their outline, and gradually narrow to a long tapering point. The largest pinnules are an inch long, and three eighths of an inch broad; they are pyramidal in form, and are pinnatifid nearly to the midrib. The lobes are blunt and oblong-toothed, the basal anterior ones often bearing six or more sori, arcuated in form. In the Mayford plant the stipites and rachides are red. 56 ATHYKIUM FII.lX-FdiMlNA. Fig. 351.— Pinna. FuRCiLLATUM, 3Ioore. (Fig. .351.) — A lax multifid form, found at Nettlecombe, Somersetshire, by Mr. C. Ehvorthv. Fronds fourteen inches long, and five inches wide. Rachides slender. Pinna? distant, narrow, tapering to a long slender- caudate point, the tip of which is slenderly furcate, and divided into a tuft of flat brief segments. The apex of the frond is also two or three times divided into narrow forking segments. Pinnules distant, sessile, and decurrent, oblong acutish, and pinnatifid or inciso-dentate above, narrowing near the base into the entire decurrent portion. Pemarkable for its narrow terminal forks and lax habit. Fronds have been sent by Mr. Elworthy, and also by ^Nlr. P. Neill Frascr, of Edinburgh. Fig. 3o2. — Middle pinna. Glomeratum, 3Ioore. (Fig. 352.) — A very handsome and remarkable variety, received from Mr. Ivery, of Dorking. The fronds are about fourteen inches in length, and from four to four inches and a half wide. Pinnae usually subopposite. ATHYRIUM FILIX-F(EMINA. 57 ascending and carving, widest at the base, and terminating in a large close-set heap of pinnules and lobes, forming a compact, much-multifid crown. In some fronds the pinnae are shorter, large-tasseled, and the tassels overwrapping each other. Near the apex of the frond the rachis becomes flat and dilated, and this also applies to some of the rachides. My thanks are due to Mr. Ivery, of Dorking, for fronds. Fig. 3o3.— Apex. Granti^, Moore. (Fig. 353.) — A dwarf Fern. Fronds nine inches long, and four inches wide, pinnato-pinnatifid. Pinnae crowded, the pinntiles broad and somewhat imbricate occa- sionally. The broadest pinnae two inches and a half in length and acuminate, pinnules broad and blunt at the apex, where minutely and simply dentate. A variety almost indentical was shewn to me some years ago by Mrs. Riley, of Papplewick, Nottinghamshire, and last year I found a similar plant at Dale Abbey. A form is also to be found near Sweden Bridge, Ambleside, which may be referred to this variety, except as regards the fact that with Grantice the margins of the leaflets are undulated, so as to produce a prettily crimped appearance. My thanks are due to Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Cannon Mills, Edinburgh, and to Mr. Ivery, of Dorking, for fronds. Grandtceps, Moore. — Found near Nettlccombe, Somersetshire, by Mr. C. Elworthy, and at Huish-Campflower, near Wivelis- VUL. II. I 58 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. combe, by INIr, J. Morse. An exceedingly handsome and distinct variety. Length of frond eighteen inches, bipinnate, pinnae distant. The apex of the frond expands into a large multifid- crispy head, broader than the frond. The chief characteristic is the large size of the multifid apex, which is three inches and a half in length and five inches in width, being composed of a dense mass of segments, forming a somewhat circular crispy bunch. Another characteristic is the small inconspicuous tassels of the pinnse. My thanks are due to Mr. Swynfen Jervis, of Darlaston Hall, and to Mr. Ehvorthy, of Nettle- combe, for fronds. An illustration is unnecessary. Fig. 354. — Pinna. Incisum, Hoffman, {Athyrium Jilix-fcemina, var. incisum, Newman, Sowerby, Moore; Athyriam incisum, Newman; Athyrium cyclosorum, Ruprecht; and Polypodium incisum, of Hoffmann.) (Fig. 354.) — A widely spread and not uncommon variety. It has been found at Penryn, in Cornwall, by Mr. G. Dawson; at Marwood and Bittadon, in Devonshire, by the Rev. F. Mules; Nettlecombe, Somersetshire, by Mr. C. Elworthy; at Bath, by myself; at Mayford, Surrey, by Mr. T. IMoore; Daylesford, in Worcestershire, by Mr. H. Buckley; in Here- fordshire by Mr. G. Dale; Castle Malgwyn, Pembrokeshire, by Mr. W. Hutchison; at Chaigeley Manor, near Clitheroe, Lan- cashire; near Ambleside; in Teesdale; and at Corby Castle, near Carlisle, by myself; at Edinburgh, and in County Donegal, County Mayo, County Wicklow, and County Dublin, by Mr. ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 59 R. Barrington; and at Killarney by Mr. N. B. "Ward and Mv. G. H. Allcock. A large-growing handsome variety, with fronds from three to five feet in length, and in the large fronds twelve inches in breadth; drooping and feathery. Broadly lanceolate. Pinnre ascending, and nine or ten inches in length, broad oblong, tapering to a slender point. Pinnules an inch and a half long, and five eighths of an inch wide at the base, and frequently so profoundly divided that the fronds are almost tripinnate, linear-lanceolate, and distinct. Lobes forming open sinuses, and toothed at the margin and apex. Sori abundant. Fronds have been received from the E-ev. F. Mules, of Marwood; Mr. Swynfen Jervis, of Darlaston Hall; Mr. Kennedy, of Covent Garden; Mr. Joseph Sidebotham, of Manchester; Mr. John Pearson, of Chilwell; Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden; Mr. Cooling, of Derby; Mr. Willison, of Whitby; Mr. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe; and the E,ev. J. Eooper, of Brighton. Fig. 355.— Pinnaj. Grandidens, Moore. (Fig. 355.) — Length of frond eighteen inches, width scarcely four inches in the widest part. A narrow- fronded variety, not unlike the variety of this name of Pohj- stichum angulare. Pinnre small at the base and descending, from the centre of the frond not descending; somewhat distant. Pinnules normal, and coarsely-dentate near the base, but in the upper half of the frond variously-shaped and depauperated. I am indebted to Mr. Swynfen Jervis, of Darlaston Hall, for the illustration. Messrs. Stansfield have sent fronds more Cystoptcris-XooVxw^. 60 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. Fig. 35G— Midille pinnic. Harrisi^, Loioe. (Fig. 856.) — An interesting variety, raised at Highfield House from spores. Length of" frond twelve or fourteen inches, width in the centre of the frond four inches, narrowing slightly towards the base, and acuminately towards the apex, where it again dilates into a multifid slender crown. The pinnae are narrow, and tapering to a long point, the extremity minutely multifid. Pinnules long and narrow, and of thin substance, the teeth along their edges reflexed on to the pinnule. Pinnules decurrent, lax, and those on the upper edge of the rachides bending, and giving the appearance of pinnules only on the lower side of the rachides. The multifid apex slender, and minutely laciniated along the tips. MiMS£id Fig. 357.— Pinna. Inciso-multifidum, Lowe. (Fig. 357.) — Found by the Rev. Mr. Pinder. Fronds long, narrow, and graceful. Length of frond twenty inches, width at the middle six inches, narrowing to the base and apex. Pinnse linear-oblong, acuminate, termi- nating in a small multifid apex; distant below, approximate from ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 61 the centre of the frond upwards. Fronds regular in outline. Pinnules linear-oblong, rounded at their apices, the basal lobes divided to the costa, and minutely but conspicuously dentate or bidentate. Vivid green in colour. I am indebted to the Rev. Mr. Finder for fronds. ^. Fig. 358.— Plnnre. Impastum, Moore. (Fig. 358.) — A singular dwarf variety, found in the Vale of Todmorden by Messrs. Stansfield. Length of frond twelve inches, width two inches in the widest part, narrowing to the base and apex. A thin-substanced, vivid green frond. Pinnae various in length, their apices somewhat caudate. Pinnules small, many all but absent, irregular in size, shape, and position. Minutely dentate, or often not dentate. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. Fronds also received from Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Edinburgh. ^•^.^*' iNCOMrLETUM, 3Ioore. (Fig. o59.)— A narrow-fronded variety, found near Nettlecombe by Mr. Elworthy. Length twenty-one 62 ATHYRIUM FILIX-r(EMINA. inches by tliree inches and a half in the widest part. Stipes red. Pinnae somewhat distant, and various in size, occasionally wanting. Pinnae of very many forms and sizes, pyramidal, circular, depauperated, laciniated, or wanting. INIy thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy for fronds. ^ ^v\ a. Fig. 360.— Shewing form of Frond. Fig. 3G1.— Pinnte. Interruptum, WoUaston. (Figs. 360 and 361.) — Found at Ambleside, Westmoreland, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston, of Chisel- hurst, and independently raised from spores by Mr. J. Young, of Taunton. A singular variety, with shortened pinnro. The fronds somewhat dwarf, and occasionally branched near their apices, and becoming bifurcate and even trifurcate. The pinnae differ considerably both in their length, form, and mode of division, their apices usually simply or multifidly divided, and so become ramose. The pinnules also differ much in size, and in the number and shape of the lobes, which are also variously toothed, the serratures frequently acute and profound. ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 63 Fig. 3G2.— Pinna. Trregulare, Moore. (Fig. 362.) — Found in 1854, in Belvoir Woods, Rutlandshire, by Mrs. Eogers; subsequently at Virginia Water, Surrey, by Dr. Allcbin; in Black Park, Buckinghamshire, and in the Isle of Man, by Dr. Allchin; and somewhat analogous varieties at Harrogate, by Mr. A. Clapham; and in Sussex by Mr. S. Nowell. As its name implies, this is a variety with an irregular development. Pinna? distant, having in the upper half linear-lanceolate, acute, incised, normal pinnules, of three quarters of an inch in length, and on the lower half considerably though irregularly shortened, often roundish and pinnatifid, with serrated lobes, sometimes normal larger pinnules intermingled; often the basal anterior pinnule is long and narrow. Fig. 3C3.— ^Middle of Frond. IvERYANUM, MooYe. (Fig. 363.)— A new dwarf Fern in^ the manner of Fieldice. Fronds nine inches long and one inch broad. The rachides suddenly branching close to the main rachis into two unequal-sized pinns, a short portion ascending. 64 ATHYRIUM FILTX-FCEMINA. and the longer portion descending, and thus clothing the whole of the rachis. The apices of the pinnse are more flat than round, and the pinnules, which are fringed with minute teeth, are overlapping. Stem purple. My thanks are due to Mr. Ivery, of Dorking, for fronds. Interruptum. — Mr. Elworthy's form of Interruptum, from which I believe Mr. Moore took his name, was found near Nettlecombe. Fronds twenty-six inches long, and seven inches wide in the broadest part. A very lax Fern. Pinnae distant, about sixteen pairs, sub-opposite below, alternate above; singu- larly various in size and form. Pinnules nearly all depauperate, the costa only present, or even this wanting. Usually the anterior basal pinnule much the longest. Sometimes the upper half of the frond is contracted to an inch in width, for at least six inches in length. I am indebted to Mr. Elworthy for fronds. An illustration is unnecessary. Fig. 3G4. — Portion of pinna. Jamesii, Lowe. (Fig. 364.) — A magnificent variety, raised from spores from corymhifcruin by Mr. James, of Vauvert. A large-growing wide-frondcd form, of an ovate shape. Length of frond eighteen inches, width in the widest part eleven inches. Length of pinnse six inches, width of the multifid apices of pinnee two inches and a half. Pinnae alternate, ATHYRIUM FILTX-FfEMINA. 65 large, slightly widest in the centre, and branching two inches below the apices into many-branched, large, bold, corymbiferous crowns. The apex of the frond also suddenly very much branched. Pinnules leafy, broad, large, and overlapping, their basal half divided to the costa, dentate or bi-dentate. A magnificent variety, for which I am indebted to Mr. James. Fig. 36-5. — Portion of piniiii. Kalon, Loioe. (Fig. o65.) — Another handsome multifid variety, raised from spores by Mr. James, of Vauvert. Length of frond sixteen inches, breadth eight inches in the widest part. Pinnse sub-opposite or alternate, somewhat lax, the basal half equal in width, narrowing to the apex, where branched into a large and delicate corymbose crown. The pinnules long, leafy, and deeply cut, their apices dilated, bifid, or even branched. This variety shews a strong disposition to branch even in the smaller pinnules. Sori copious, five or six pairs on each pinnule. A distinct and good variety. The illustration is from Mr. James' frond. Laciniatum-magus, Moore. — Found at Tunbridge Wells by Mrs. Delves. Larger than laciniatum, the fronds being two feet in length. Similarly depauperated in the upper half, and more normal in the basal half. Fronds very broad. In some respects not unlike irregulare. My thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe, for fronds. Laciniatum-minus, Moore. — Found at Ilfracombe, Devon- shire, by Mr. C. Jackson. Like a dwarf laciniatum. Dwarf, VOL. II. K 66 ATHYRIUM i'lr.lX-FCEMINA. only six oi* eight inches in length. Deeply lachiiate-toothed. My thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy for fronds. No illustration is necessary. mh^ \:i^^ M^?Q'fW^^ Fig. 366.— Middle pinnae. Lacini.\tum-disse{;tum, Moore. (Fig. 366.) — An exceedingly beautiful dwarf variety, found in Newton Dale, near Whitby, Yorkshire, by Mr. Clapham, and near Lcvens by Mr. Barnes. The outline of the frond moderately irregular. Considerably irregular in the outline of the pinnse. The pinnules somewhat less abbreviated, and more regularly laciniately dentate; the teeth bold, long, and narrow. The illustration is from jNIr. Barnes' frond. Fiff. 3G7.— Pinnii;. Laceratum, J/oore. (Fig. 367.) — This very narrow and much lacerated variety was found in Devonshire, by Mr. C. Jackson. Length of frond eighteen inches. Pinnae brief, exceedingly irregular, mostly abrupt, and showing a disposition to branch at the apex. Pinnules in some places wanting, in others very large. ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 67 mostly irregularly oblong or ovate, profoundly pinnatifid or ramose, the alternate teeth narrow, spreading and giving a fimbriate appearance. . ^T ^ Fig. 368.— Apex. Fig. 369.— Middle pinna. Latifolio-imbricatum, Lotve. (Figs. 368 and 369.) — Raised from spores by myself in 1863. A handsome distinct variety, evidently a sport from latifolium. Fronds oblong-lanceolate. Pinnje in sterile fronds crowded, in fertile fronds the basal half distant. Pinnules conspicuously brief-stalked almost to apex of frond, ovate, imbricated very regularly from the middle upwards; fringed with small teeth. Sori almost submarginal. Pinnules lobate. On either side of the rachides are small oval openings between each pinnule from the base to the pinnatifid apex. 68 AtHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMIKA. Length eighteen inches, width three to four inches. A sub- variety raised from this form has the pinnae very irregular in size, and occasionally branched near the apex, in other respects it is identical with latifolio-imhricatum. 'm^'---- 1^%^^ -- Fig. 370. — Middle pinntc. Lacineato-confluens, Moore. (Fig. 370.) — A narrow-fronded dwarf variety. Length of frond eight inches, width one inch and a half. A laciniated and confluent variety. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Fig. 371.— Pinniv. Lacineato-lineatum, Moore. (Fig. 37L) — A dwarf very narrow-fronded bipinnate variety. Length of frond nine inches, width less than an inch. Pinnae alternate, distant; lobes of the pinnse laciniate, often minute, depauperate, or the dentation alone present. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 69 Fig. 372.— Portion of Frond. Laciniato-elegans, Claphatn. (Fig. 372.) — An elegant dwarf form of laciniatum, raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. Dwarf, eight inches long, and two inches broad. Pinnaj unequal in size, but not enough to interfere with the general outline of the frond; somewhat lax. Pinnules varying considerably in size and form, mostly broad and short, some depauperated, others wanting, except the rudiments of the costa; much laciniated and decurrent; occasional fronds pinnatiiid. The illustration is from Mr. P. Neill Fraser. Fig. 373.— Middle pinna;. Lacintato-interruptum, Clapham. (Fig. 373.) — Another distinct slender form of laciniatum. Length of frond ten inches, width nearly three inches in the centre of the frond, diminishing rapidly toAvards the base. Basal pinna? triangular-ovate, above 70 ATHYRIIIM riLIX-FCEMTNA. which pyramidal, sub-opposite below, alternate above; occasional fronds sub-opposite throughout; some of the pinnae much depauperated, others wanting. Pinnules on the basal half of the frond, leafy and imbricate, above distinct, and divided to the costa; the abnormal pinnules various in size and form, and much laciniated. The illustration is from Mr. P. Neill Eraser's fronds. Fig. 374. — Middle portion of Frond. Lacineato-truncatum, Moore. (Fig. 374.) — An interesting well-marked truncate form of laciniatum. Length of frond twelve or thirteen inches, width only two inches. Slender. Pinnse distant on the lower half of the frond, and more approximate upwards, their apices ending abruptly in large dilated terminal pinnules. Pinnpe largest in the centre of the frond, being minute at the base and narrowing to the apex. Pinnules laciniate, and various in size and shape. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. Fig. 375.— Middle pinnoj. 4- Laciniato-Padleyi, Lowe. (Fig. 375.) — Found at Exeter by the Rev. Charles Padley, of Bulwell Hall. A charming ATHYRIUM KII.IX-l'CJiMINA. 71 form, with fronds sixteen inches in length, and six inches in width in the widest part of the frond. A fragile delicate Fern. PinnaB descending to the centre of the frond, and then slightly ascending to the apex, linear-oblong, acuminate, the upper ones irregular in size; alternate from the base to the tip of the frond. Pinnules usnally large, broad, and much laciniated, the upper half of the frond very various in form, extraordinarily laciniated, depauperated, various in shape and size, sometimes wanting, and sometimes the apices of the pinnse terminating in naked points. Sori "very irregular, and very sparingly distributed over the under surface of the frond. I am indebted to Mr. Padley for the illustration. Fig. 376. — Upper portion. Fig. 377. — Lower pinna. Laveyanum, loery. (Figs. 376 and 377.) — A remarkable Fern. Fronds twenty-eight inches long, and three inches and a half wide in the broadest part, and only half an inch wide for the eight inches next the apex. The lowest six inches destitute of pinnae, for the next eight inches distant, then crowded and overlapping each other to the apex. From the centre of the frond upwards, the rachides branching abruptly into a cluster of three pinnules, the pinnules being deeply divided, various in form, and dentate. I am indebted to Mr. Ivery, of Dorking, for fronds. ATHYRIFM FILIX-FCEMIXA. Fig. 378. — Middle pinna. Latum, Loioe. (Fig. 378.) — Found at Dale Abbey in 1864. A very large-growing wide-fronded variety. Fronds three feet long. Pinnse large, approximate ; alternate, and acuminate. Pinnules large, brief stalked, dentate along their edges, and rounded at their apices. Sori small, but covering the whole frond, situated near the costa; about six pairs on each pinnule. Fig. 379.— Middle pinna. Laxum, Schumacher. (Fig. 879.)— Found in Yorkshire by Mr. A. Clapham; Shrewsbury, by the Rev. W. A. Leighton; at Avening, in Gloucestershire, by Mrs. Campbell; at Chaigeley Manor, near Clitheroe, by myself; at Mayford, in Surrey, by Mr. T. Moore; at Tunbridge Wells, by Mrs. Delves; at Nettle- combe, Somersetshire, by Mr. C. Elworthy; at Parracombe, Devonshire, by the Rev. J. M. Chanter, and in other parts of Devonshire by the Rev. C. Padley. In Wales, at Castle Malgwyn, Pembrokeshire, by Mr. W. Hutchison, and at Ruthin, Denbighshire, by INIr. T. Pritchard. In Scotland, at Ardrishiag[ in Argyleshire, by Mr. T. Moore; in the Pass of the Trosachs,' and Callender, in Perthshire, by Mr. T. Moore. In Ireland,' ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 73 in the Valley of the Dargle, County AVicklow, by Mr. B,. Barrington; at Killybegs, County Donegal; Glendalough, Connemara, and Kylemore, County Galway; Gweedore, County Donegal; Lough Gill, County Sligo; and in Mayo, at Slieve More, Island of Acliil, by Mr. K.. Barrington. In the Channel Islands, in Jersey by ]Mr. James, and in Guernsey by ]\Ir. C. Jackson. A large-growing, broad, much-divided variety, more lax in habit than incisuni. It is remarkable for the conspicuous elongation of the anterior basal lobe of the long narrow pinnules, these lobes forming a line on either side of the midrib. In these particulars it differs from incisum. -^^^|i/- Fis. 380.— Frond reduced. Mesembry.\nthemoides, Clapham. (Fig. 380.) — A very distinct, dw^arf, multifid variety. Found by Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough. Fronds five to seven inches in length. The rachis dilated and flat on the upper portion, and throwing out branches, their rachides being also flat and dilated, and forming a compact very leafy crown. Below the dilatation there are several pairs of small normal pinnules, or sometimes branching pinnae. For this desirable variety my thanks are due to Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Edinburgh. VOL. II. L 74 ATHYRIUM riLIX-FCEMINA. AcROCLADON, Moore. (Plate XXXVIII.) — This variety is worthy of the title of "Queen of Lady Ferns;" indeed its exquisite foliage is unequalled in the whole range of British botany, and, at the present time, it is at once the rarest and most remarkable of the British filices. Hitherto barren, plants have only been obtained by division, a slow process, Avhich in eight years has not yielded as many plants. There is, there- fore, no immediate likelihood that this much-coveted prize will become generally distributed. Indeed, so slowly has this charming Fern been increased, that the discoverer, Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton, has had to exercise seven years' patience before obtaining a specimen for his own collection. The original plant was found by Mr. Monkman growing by a road-side on the moor-track between Byland and Rivaulx Abbeys, in Yorkshire. There were a fev\^ other Lady Ferns in company, all of which were quite normal; and, although various botanists have carefully searched the station many times, no second plant of acrocladon has been met with, nor has even a slight divergence from the normal form of Athy- rium been found. The discoverer presented his plant to Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough, in whose possession it has since remained. In I860 that gentleman could boast of a plant (the original one) fully two feet high, and as much in diameter, — a mass of the most exquisite foliage, to which no word-picture can ever do justice. When found the young seedling bore a general resemblance to the variety crispum or Smithii, but it was soon seen to be distinct, and with growth became entirely so. The fronds upon Mr. Clapham's plant have been two feet long, having no definite form. The rachis, stout at the base, divides near the crown, the divisions con- tinuing to fork many times without any regularity whatever, forming a densely ramified mass of foliage. Although the variety crispum gives a good idea of the young state of acrocladon, the latter, when mature, does not possess any resemblance to the former. Acrocladon, indeed, is vigorous and erect in growth. The apices of the frondial divisions, and those of the irregular pinnae, are all densely tasseled, or crested; and the pinnse and pinnules are unsymmetrically erosely toothed. So far as Mr. Monkman has observed, the variety is barren. The illustration is from a frond contributed ■A X! •^%\^^ ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 75 by Mr. Clapham, who was erroneously stated (in the notice in "New and Rare Ferns") to have raised the original phmt. Fig. 381.— Middle of Frond. MucRONATUM, Moove. (Fig. 381.) — Another very narrow- fronded variety, ten inches in length, and half an inch wide, abruptly branching near the main rachis. Pinnge various in size and form. Pinnules various. Dentation mucronate. Stipes red. My thanks are due to Mr. Ivery, for fronds. Fig. 382.— Pinna. MuLTicEPS, Moore. (Fig. 882.) — This magnificent variety was found near Truro, in Cornwall, and was made public by Messrs. Veitch, of Exeter and Chelsea. Multiceps is of vigorous habit, the fronds being two feet in length. The fronds and pinnfe are multifid-crisped in a symmetrical manner like the variety multijidum, in addition to which they have the singular lacerate tassels of the variety depauperatum. Fronds broadly lanceolate, with a wide-spread, corymbosely- 76 ATHYRIUM FILIX-rCEMTNA. tufted, terminal, crispy, five- or six-branched tassel, each branch many times dichotomously-divided. The tassels consist of lacerate, narrow divisions, everywhere fringed with small leafy lobes. The large tassel at the apex of the frond is as much as five inches wide. The pinnse have at their base inciso-serrate, unequal, oblong pinnules; the pinnules becoming shorter towards the apex, and ultimately expanding into large, lacerate, many-times-divided, terminal tassels, forming a uniform border to the frond; the tassels on the pinnse are in the largest one inch and a half long, being two inches in width. Fig. 383.— Frond reduced. MooREi, Loive. (Fig. 383.) — A dwarf midtifid variety, found in the Channel Islands by Mr. James, of Vauvert. Length of frond eight inches, width two inches and a half. Pinnce exceedingly irregular in size, varying from less than half an inch in length to one inch and a half, and one half absent. The apices of the larger pinna; compactly multifid, the smaller ones only dilated. The apex of the frond dividing into four multifid branches, and forming a wide corymhiferous head. ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 77 Pinnules ovate-oblong, split to the rachides, and minutely- dentate. My thanks are due to Mr. Moore for fronds. Fig. 384. — Portion of Frond. MuLTicuspis, Barnes, MSS. (Fig. 384.)— Found in 1860 near Levens by Mr. Barnes. A slender narrow-fronded variety, thirteen inches in length, and two inches and a half to three inches wide. A remarkable laciniated form. The four basal pinnae very small and brief, then very various in size, becoming irregularly small near the apex, distant and opposite below, and alternate and by no means approximate above. Pinnae narrow, and the basal side much the longest pinnuled. Pinnules various in size and form, some wanting all but a dentated fragment, mostly unequally cut and multicrisped. My thanks are due to Mr. Barnes for fronds. Fig. 385.— Pinna. MuLTiFURCATUM, Moore. (Fig. 385.) — Another multifid form of the type incisum, exceedingly handsome and vigorous in 78 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. habit. Found in the Mountain of Voil Famma, near Ruthin, Denbighshire, by Mr. T. Pritchard. The characteristic difference from incisum consists in the apices of the pinnte being singularly multifid, as well as the apex of the frond; forming a brief terminal expanded tuft, merging into those of the pinnae. The pinnas narrow in some degree towards the multifid apex, whilst the apices of the pinnae expand into a number of flat-spreading nearly recurving segments, extending into lengthy points. .^^; '^^^:^, Fig. 38G.— Middle pinnaj. Pannosum, Moore. (Fig. 386.) — Found at Nettlecombe, Somersetshire, by Mr. C. El worthy; at Whitby, Yorkshire, by Mr. W. Willison; Todmorden, Lancashire, by Mr. A. Stansfield; Lowestoft, Suffolk, by Mrs. Walker; Hovingham, Yorkshire, by Mr. C. Monkman; and at Virginia Water, Surrey, by Dr. Allchin. A somewhat slender variety of moderate size. Fronds lanceolate, pinna? irregular in outline, and tapering to a point. Pinnules irregularly pyramidal, somewhat decurrent, profoundly pinnatifid, the lobes unequal and disproportioned, and the teeth variously shaped. Fronds have been sent by Mr. C. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe. Fig. 387.— Portion of Frond. Pannosum-nanum, Moore. (Fig. 387.) — An interesting dwarf form. Length of frond nine or ten inches, width three inches ATHYRIUM riLIX-FCEMlNA. 79 and a half. Pinnae ascending. Pinnules pyramidal; teeth regular, and mostly bidentate. Colour vivid green. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. Fig. 388.— Middle pinna. Parsonsi.e, 3Ioore. (Fig. 388.) — An exceedingly handsome lax variety, found in Staffordshire by Miss Parsons. The two or three basal pairs of pinna? very short and descending, the others becoming longer to the centre of the frond, and then diminishing again, distant and liexuous, longest pinnae three inches and a half in length, and very narrow. Pinnules also lax, narrow, and bidentate. Length of frond fifteen inches, width seven inches. Sori conspicuous and confluent, entirely covering the under side of the frond. My thanks are due to Mr. Swynfeu Jervis, of Darlaston Hall, for fronds. S^Hl'^ Fig. 389.— Pinna. Parviceps, BarneSy MSS. (Fig- 389.) — A charming small variety, found by Mr. Barnes, of Levens Castle; at Arnside Tower. Length of frond twelve inches, width in centre of frond three inches and a half. Pinnae ascending except the three basal pairs, which are descending; equal in width except near the apex, where slightly contracted, then furcate into a diminutive multifid distinct apex, the furcations branched into flat dentate lobes. Bipinnate. Pinnae very 80 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FOEMINA, symmetrical, diminishing rapidly near the apex and in the two basal pairs. Pinnules also symmetrical, profoundly and evenly dentate. The apex of the frond terminating into a flat fan-like multifid tuft. Sori abundant. Stipes scaly. For fronds of this interesting slender variety I am indebted to Mr. Barnes. ♦ 4r , Fig. 300.— Pinna. Plumosum-Jervisii, Lowe. (Fig. 390.) — An exceedingly handsome variety, in the possession of Mr. Swynfen Jervis, of Darlaston Hall, near Stone, Staffordshire. Large size, noble looking, pinnae symmetrical, close, pinnules symmetrical and close. A much-cut, broad-fronded, and very feathery-looking Fern. I am indebted to Mr. Swynfen Jervis for the illustration. ., ^.>.. vv,,~^!*^^Si^^%^ft^^k.^ 5^^; ^'ii: ^y xf' * TuV '^-ii'^ '' 'i'.'jili'i'' ^ ^fi Ml' ^ 'km Fig. 391 —Pinna. Plumosum-Barnesii, Wollaston. (Fig. 391.)— This beautiful variety is perfectly barren, probably analogous to incisum, Polypodimn nilgare, var. Camhricum, etc. It was found in ATHYRIUM FILIX-rCEMTNA. 81 1862 near Milntliorpe Station by Mr. Barnes. It differs from plumosum in the more distant pinnae, and the exquisite feather- like character. The segments of the pinnules are very narrow, and deeply cut, being decurrent on the costa, and their divisions again deeply and finely cut. The superior basal pinnule and superior basal lobe considerably larger than the rest. A large-growing delicate-looking variety. I am indebted to Mr. Barnes for fronds. Fig. 392.— Middle pinna. Plumosum-Stansfieldii, Lowe. (Fig. 392.) — form of very thin substance, found by Mr. Todmorden. The fronds blunt at the apex and pyramidal. Pinnules large, divided at costa, much cut, the lobes being dentate on very leafy, the tips of the pinnae overlapping. is from Mr. Stansfield. A splendid form of been found at Honiton by Miss C. E. Johns frond is fifty-four inches long, and the pinnae Another plumose Stansfield, near Pinnae broad the base to the their edges, but The illustration this variety has in which the nine inches. Fig. 393.— Pinna. Pruinosum, Moore. (Fig. 393.) — Found at Tarbet, in Dum- VOL. II. M ATHYRITJM FILIX-F(EMINA. bartonshire, in 1855, by Mr. Thomas Moore, of Chelsea. Stipes red, and covered, as -well as the rachides, with small glands, giving the fronds a hoary appearance, not unlike a pubescence. This variety bears resemblance to trijidum, having linear-oblong approximate pinnules. Length sixteen inches; width four inches and a half. Pinnte distant below. Somewhat similar varieties have been found in the Isle of Man, and at Virginia Water, Surrey, by Dr. Allchin. My thanks are due to Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Edinburgh, for fronds. Fig. 394.— Middle pinna. PoLYDACTYLON, Moove. (Fig. 394.) — Found near Nettlecombe, in Somersetshire, by Mr. C. Elworthy, and subsequently nearly similar forms found at Whitby, Yorkshire, by Mr. W. Willison; Tunbridge Wells, Kent, by Mrs. Delves; at Barnstaple, Devonshire, by Mr. C. Jackson; and at Windermere by Mr. F. Clowes. This variety belongs to the incisum type, and is a monstrous form whose fronds have been found to perish in the autumn six weeks sooner than the variety multijidum. It is both beautiful and ornamental in its form and habit. The distinctive character of this charming Fern consists in the apices of the pinnae being furcately divided into five or six normal-looking points, being plane (not crisped.) The apex of the frond is also two or three times forked. The fronds are lanceolate, symmetrical, and eighteen or twenty inches in length. The pinnsE distant below, oblong, and scarcely narrowed below the three- or five-fingered termination to each pinna. Pinnules oblong-lanceolate and pinnatifid in a normal manner. ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. Fig. 395. — Upper pinna. PuRPUREUM, Hort. (Fig. 395.) — Length of frond thirty- inches, of which ten inches is the stipes; "svidth eleven inches. Lanceolate in form. Pinnae distant below, approximate upwards, the basal pinnse nearly three inches apart, in the centre of the frond only an inch. The lower pinnse flexuose, the upper slightly ascending; length five inches and a half, width one inch and a half. The larger pinnules three quarters of an inch long, deeply divided, and auriculate. Pinnules stipitate. Sori copious, lunulate, and small. Pachis and stipes of a purplish red colour. Found at Osmaston Manor, near Ashbourne, in great abundance. I am indebted to Mr. Monkman, of Malton, and to Mr. Wright, of Osmaston Manor, for fronds. Fig. 396.— Middle portion. Pygm^um, Moore. (Fig. 396.) — A dwarf variety. Length of frond seven inches. The pinnules variously laciniated and depauperated, the anterior basal pinnule much longer than the others. Not unlike laciniato-conjitiens , and not sufficiently 84 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. distinct, at least as regard all the fronds I have seen. illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. The Fig. 397.— SLewiiig form of Frond. Fig. 398.— Middle pinna. Fig. 399.— Middle of lower portion. Ramo-depauperatum, Monhman, 3ISS. (Figs. 397, 398, and 399.) — Found by Mr. Monkman in Yorkshire. Stipes and rachis purple. Fronds slender, and of thin substance. Length eighteen inches, becoming twin-branched or even trij)le-branched at four inches above the caudex. Pinnae in the basal half of each frond depauperate, and occasionally so in the upper portion, their apices acuminate, often dilate and furcate. Pinnules stalked, pyramidal, divided to the costa with sharp-pointed very narrow teeth. The abnormal pinnules very various in form. My thanks are due to Mr. Monkman, of Malton, for fronds. E,AMULOSO-MoNKMANii, Lowe. — This variety differs con- siderably from the ramulosum found at Windermere, by Mr. F. Clowes. Mr. Clowes' variety is large, stout, and broad, namely, twenty inches long, by nine inches and a half broad, dividing into two fronds eight inches below the apex, and then ATHYRIUM riLlX-FCEMINA. 55 dividing again and again several times. The apices of the pinnae are drawn out into lengthy points, and now and then one is furcate: the width across the apex of the frond is eight inches. The pinnules are deeply divided and coarsely-dentate, and are linear-oblong. Ramuloso-Monkmanii on the contrary is slender, thin, and much narrower, being fifteen inches long, and six inches broad. Pinnae broad and short pointed, the apex of the frond terminating one inch and a half below the tip in a brief, very leafy, much-branched crown, of two inches and a half in diameter. Pinnules crowded, broad and entire, oblong- ovate, rounded at their apices, and merely fringed with minute teeth on their margin. Sori situated close to the costa. My thanks are due to Mr. Monkman for fronds. An illustration is unnecessary. Fig. 400.— Middle pinna. Ramo-cristatum, Sim. (Fig. 400.) — An exceedingly hand- some multifid variety. Frond eighteen inches long and ten inches wide, nearly equal in width, except near the base, and but little diminished at the apex, where it branches. The apices of all the pinnte are extensively multifid, the crests being from an inch and a half to two inches across, and the pinnae of the branching apex also multifid or furcate. Pinnae opposite, nearly equal in width from the base to the wide-spreading tassel. Pinnules long, narrow, rounded or dilated at their apices, the dentation recurved. I am indebted to the Rev. Charles Padley, of Beaconfield, near Plymouth, for fronds. 86 ATHYRIUM FILlX-r(EMINA, .%..-f^% Fig. 401.— Frond. Ramosum, WuUaston. (Fig. 401.)— A dwarf depauperatum- looking Fern, six inches in length. Pinnse small, their apices crested, mostly the pinnules decurrent except the two basal ones which are even-stalked, the decurrent portion being a double row of teeth without any further development. The crested apices more or less entire with a dentate edge The apex of the frond ramose, and the branches multifid. My thanks are due to Mr. Monkman, of Malton, for fronds. ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 87 Fig. 402.— Middle pinna. Stenodon, Moore. Fig. 402.) — Found at Gomshall, Surrey, by Mr. E, Morse; at Ilfracombe, Devonshire, by the Rev. J. M. Chanter; and at Scarborough by Mr. A. Clapham. A handsome somewhat dwarf variety; length of frond from twelve to eighteen inches. The fronds lanceolate. Pinnse right-angled oblong-acuminate. Pinnules approximate, linear- oblong, unequal, blunt, united by a narrow wing along the rachis; pinnatifid below with toothed lobes, and simply toothed above; teeth narrow and long. Rachis thick, and pale dull red in colour. I am indebted to Mr. Thomas Moore, of the Chelsea Botanic Gardens, for fronds. Fig. 403.— Apex. Fig. 404.— Middle pinna. SuBDiGiTATUM, MooTc. (Figs. 403 and 404.) — Found in 88 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMIISA. 1861 near Burneside by Mr. A. B. Taylor. Stipes and rachis strong. Length of frond fourteen inches. Pinnae distant below, approximate above, broad, and some multifid at their tips, especially towards the apex of the frond. Pinnules long, narrow, and rounded at their apices, finely and regularly dentate, more dilated near the base of the frond, and the inferior pinnules longest. Pinna:; rapidly contracting in size, and the frond terminating in a multifid apex. My thanks are due to Mr. Barnes, of Milnthorpe, for fronds. Fig. 405. — Middle pinna. SuBCRUCiFORME, Wollcistoti. (Fig. 405.) — Found in 1861 near Whitbarrow, by Mr. Barnes. A large-growing but delicate- fronded Fern, remarkable for the almost cruciform shape of a portion of the pinnules. The pinnce are long, narrow, and pointed, the outline of the frond being symmetrical; the pinnules however vary in an extraordinary degree, the inferior pinnules much longer, and more frequently normal than the inferior ones. Some pinnules are of the form of a cross, others branching, forked, or more or less depauperated. Only about one half of the fronds are properly marked, the rest being normal. The illustration is from Mr. Barnes' fronds. Fiff. 40G.— Pinna. Tenue, Moore. (Fig. 406.) — Found at Scarborough by Mr. Clapham, and has proved constant in cultivation. A slender ATHYRIUM FILIX-F(EMINA, 89 drooping form, and of raedluni size. Length of frond twelve to eighteen inches. Broadly lanceolate and bipinnate. The pinntB are distant and caudately acuminate. The pinnules distant, pinnatifid, narrow-oblong, and blunt. Lobes shallow and short- toothed, the apical teeth also diminutive. The basal pinnules are situated close to the main rachis, making the pinnae quite sessile. Another slender form, not unlike this in having a lax habit, in being sessile, in having caudate pinnte, and narrow distant pinnules, has been found at Todmorden by Mr. Stansfield. In the Todmorden plant the pinnules are unequal in length, and the teeth arc unusually large. Fig. 4.07. — Pinna. Trifidum, Moore. (Fig. 407.) — A slender, narrow variety. Length of frond twenty-eight inches, of which one half is the stipes. Width five inches in the broadest part. Pinnae linear- lanceolate, acuminate, distant below, and not crowded above. Pinnules oblong-ovate, their apices rounded, divided to the costa, except near the apex, where pinnatifid, dentate. Found at Mayford, in August, 1861, by Mr. Thomas Moore, of the Chelsea Botanic Gardens. The illustration is from Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Edinburgh. Fi£?. 408— Pinna. Thyssaxotum, Moore. (Fig. 408.) — Found in the Island of Guernsey by Mr. James, of Vauvert. An exceedingly handsome, VOL. II. N 90 ATIIYRIUM FILTX-FCEMINA. tasseled variety, of vigorous habit and symmetrical form. Length of frond twenty-four to thirty inches. Lanceolate. The tips of both the fronds and the pinnas expanding into crispy tasseled tufts. The pinnae oblong in form, scarcely contracted below the tufts. Pinnules also oblong, flat, frequently dilated at their apices, pinnatifid; the lobes toothed. Mr. Moore remarks this is a handsome variety, superior to the well-known and justly- admired muUijidum, as the fronds do not become curled as in that variety. For fronds I am indebted to Mr. Swynfen Jervis, of Darlaston Hall, Staffordshire; Mr. C. Elworthy, of Xettle- combe; Mr. Sim, of Foot's Cray; Mr. E. Cooling, of Mile-ash Nursery, near Derby; Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden; Mr. Kennedy, of Covent Garden; the Eev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, near Plymouth; and to Mr. James, of Yauvert. Fig. 409.— Middle pinna. Trtdentato-multifidum, Lowe. (Fig. 409.) — An exceed- ingly handsome multifid variety, raised from spores by Mr. James, of Vauvert, Channel Islands. Fronds eighteen to twenty inches in length, eight inches In width in the widest part; regular In outline, being widest in the middle and narrowing rapidly to the apex and more gradually towards the base. Pinnse ascending, opposite in the three basal pairs, subopposlte In the next six pairs, alternate in the next four pairs, and subopposlte again near the apex. Linear oblong, the longest five inches, substance thin, apex furcate, and the furcations multifid, pinnse lax below, and approximate in the middle of the frond. Pinnules large, their apices overlapping in the centre of the frond, broad and profoundly cut, dilated at the apex. Lobes mostly tridentatc, some even quadridentate, and even near the apex of the frond bidentate. Sori lunulate, situated close to ATHYlllUM FlLlX-l'CEMIXA. 91 the costa, at the hase of each lobe, and forming a row on either side of the costa, mostly six or seven pairs. Every lobe iroui the base to the apex of the frond soriferous. Stipes and rachis purplish, and slightly scaly. The illustration is from Mr. James' frond. Fig. 410.— Pinn:v\ Tortile, 3Ioore. Fig. 410.) — A very curious variety found at Skipworth, Yorkshire, by ^Ir. Stansfield. General outline of the frond normal. Pinnae somewhat unequal in length and their apices oi'ten twisted. Pinnules rather distant and more or less variously and irregularly distorted, so as to make the frond greatly irregular, occasionally oblong and pinnatifid with unequal lobes, mostly shortened or narrowed, or curved, the the opposite sides being unlike. Fig. 411.— Middle pinna. Uncum, Moore. (Fig. 411.) — Found in 1860 in Levens Park, by Mr. Barnes. A slender fragile Fern, of ten inches in length, and three inches in width in the widest part. Pinna3 delicate, narrow, distant, about fifteen pairs. Pinnules varied in form, although of general similarity; dentation distant, divided to the costa, decurrent, standing out prominently in various grotesque directions, often bent back like a hook, hence its name. Sori situated near the costa at the base of the denticidations, and therefore on the edge, so as to make them partly suprasoriferous. 92 ATHYRTUM FILIX-FCEMINA. A most interesting variety. My thanks are due to Mr. Barnes, of Milntliorpe, for fronds. Fig. -112.— Middle pinna. Undulatum, Moore. (Fig. 412.) — Found in Guernsey, by Mr. J. James, of Vauvert. A large broad form of the incisum class. Stipes and rachis red. The fronds, exclusive of the stipes, fourteen inches long and eight inches broad. PinucC flexuose, broad, somewhat irregular, crowded, their apices acuminate. Pinnules lanceolate, acute, almost pinnate, stalked, crowded, and very leafy. Lobes somewhat wavy on their edges. Sori minute, situated near the costa. The illustration is from ]\Ir. James' frond. Fig. 413.— Middle of Frond. Fig. 414.— Middle of Frond. Yariabtle, Moore. (Figs. 413 and 414.)— Found in 1861 near Levens, by Mr. Barnes. A dwarf slender variety, with ATHYllIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 93 fronds from nine to ten inches in length, and two inches in width. As its name implies, it is exceedingly variable in its character. Pinnae short and broad, being frequently but little divided, and as frequently quite divided, pointed, or flattened, branched, or furcate. Pinnules very variable in size and form, some as well as some pinntti depauperated or wanting. Two dissimilar fronds will illustrate how various are the features. The illustrations are from JMr. Barnes' fronds. Fig. 415. — Middle pinn;c. Vaeiabile-Jervisii, Jervis. (Fig. 415.) — A dwarf narrow- fronded laciniated variety, with very variously-formed fronds; the pinnte and pinnules, and especially the latter, variously depauperated, laciniated, and sometimes almost wanting. Length of frond nine inches, width in centre two inches and a quarter, narrow at the base, and acuminate at the apex. My thanks are due to Mr. Swynfen Jervis, of Darlaston Hall, Staffordshire, for fronds. Vernoni^, Jen-is. (Fig. 416.)— An interesting distinct variety, the divisions of the fronds having a frilled character, as in conioides and latifolium. Found by Miss Vernon, and 94 ATIIYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. named by Mr. S«^ynfen Jervis, of Darlaston Hall, the fortunate possessor of this charming form. Length of frond eighteen inches, width four inches and a half. Pinnae narrowing from the centre of the fronds to the base. Pinnae distant below, and approximate near the apex. Pinnules briefly stalked, broad and leafy in the lower half of the frond, deeply cut, narrower and much more laciniated towards the apex of the frond. The apices of the upper half of the frond abruptly terminating in a long sharp point, almost microscopically dentate. I am indebted to Mr. Swynfen Jervis, of Darlastoa Hall, and to Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, for fronds. ^'^ Fig. 417.— Pinna. Elworthii-splendens, Loioe. (Fig. 417.)— An interesting multifid form, found near Nettlecombe by Mr. Elworthy. Pinna3 narrowing to their compact, rounded, multifid apices. Pinnules sharply dentate, and dilated (often bifid) at their apices. My thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy for fronds. Fig. 418.— Middle pinna;. Padleyi, Louw. (Fig. 418.) — A distinct form of the Lady Fern, found in Ireland by the Rev. Charles Padley, of Beacon- ATHYRIUM FILIX-rCEMINA. 95 field, near Plymouth. Fronds long and narrow. Pinnae alternate, narrow, the tips blunt. The inferior pinnules mostly minute and decurrent, the superior ones deeply divided and sharply serrate. The superior basal pinnule longer than the others. I am indebted to the Rev. C. Padley for fronds. ■.>,^^ ^^^^^($^ l\ ^M ^^\^ •UM), ^^'^^■^s«^^#' r#^ Fig. 419. — Shewing form of FroTid. Fig. 420. — Middle portion. WiLLisoNiT, Willisoti. (Figs. 419 and 420.) — An extraordinary looking dwarf distorted variety, found near Whitby by Mr. Willison, a nurseryman of that town. Length of frond ten inches and a half, of Avhich seven inches is the stipes, and only three inches the leafy portion of the frond, the leafy portion being as wide as it is long. Stipes very scaly at the base, with large reddish brown scales. Immediately below 96 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. the basal piunne the rachis becomes flattened out and distorted in an extraordinary degree, and this distortion continues to the apex of the frond. The pinnte and even the pinnules branching in various ways, no two being alike. The lobes are narrow-laciniate and dentate. For this distinct form I am indebted to Mr. Willlson. Fig 421. — Middle pinna;. CoNFLUENs MINOR, Lowc. (Fig. 421.)— This interesting variety was raised from spores in the Fernery at Highfield House. Dwarf in habit. Pinnre distant, broad, short, the pinnules crowded and overlapping, the basal ones much larger than the others. Sharply dentate. Frond symmetrical in form. Fig. 422.— Apex. SiNGULARE, Lowe. (Fig. 422.) — A. singular variety, found near Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthy. The fronds are usually ATHYRIUM FII.IX-FCEMTNA. 97 s<^,T ^'' '%^\\"^f:f!l^^^^ 'M '^- VO!,. U. Fi''. 423. — Fiorid reduccui. 98 ATnYRlU:M FTL1X-FCE1N[I?[ FILIX-FCEMINA. 135 Claphara. A handsome form. Fronds broadly-lanceolate, and undivided at the apex. Pinnre linear-oblong, ending in a small niultifid tuft. Pinnules ovate-acute, distinct and pro- foundly-pinnatifid below. Lobes narrow-oblong. Teeth fine, even, and acute. Remarkable for the very regular toothing, and for its less decidedly multifid character than some other varieties. Fig. 47!). — Middle portion. Latifomum-multifidttm, Stansjicld. (Fig. 479.) — Found at Aberfeldy, in Perthshire, in 186-3, by Mr. A. Stansfield, Jan., of Vale Nursery, Todmorden, and Mr. J. Fielden. A slender plumose form of latifoUum, with croAvded pinnaj beautifully crested. Length of frond twelve inches, width four inches at the centre of the frond, where widest, and narrowing to the base and apex gradually and symmetrically. The three or four basal pairs of pinnae somewhat distant and descending, the others crowded and ascending, touching each other, their apices furcate and crested; pinnules crowded, also touching each other, and feathery. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. Plumosum, Moore. — Fronds thirty inches long, and twelve inches broad. Very broadly-lanceolate, and distinctly tripinnate. Pinna? in the centre of the frond from five to six inches long, and two inches and a half broad. The longer pinnules an inch and a quarter long, nearly parallel-sided, and the apex shortish-acuminate. Somewhat distant below, and crowded above. Pinnules ovate-acuminate, overlapping, divided into distinct secondary pinnules which are half an inch long, linear, and inciso-pinnatifid; segments narrow, having linear-acute teeth. 130 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. The ultimate divisions, being so narrow and crowded, gives tlie frond a feather-like appearance, exceedingly light and elegant. Sori very imperfect, and almost destitute of indusia. Found in 1857 near Skipworth, in Yorkshire, by Mr. J. Horsfall, and now in the possession of Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Mr. Swynfen Jervis, of Darlaston Hall, StafFord- seire, has also found a form of this variety at Axminster, Avhich is perhaps more handsome than that found by Mr. Horsfall. The Rev. C. Padley has also found another form in Devonshire. Tis. 480. -Pinna. SuB-PLUMOSUM, Padley, 3fS. (Fig. 480.) — Found near Nettle- combe by Mr. Charles Elworthy. Length of frond twenty-six inches, width eight inches and a half. Pinnce ascending, except the basal pair, sub-opposite, except near the apex of the frond, approximate, touching each other, linear^lanceolate, and termi- nating in a long fine point. Length eight inches, width two inches. Pinnules at the base of the pinnre three-quarters of an inch in length, curving upwards, widest at the base, and acuminate at their apices. The lobes opposite, divided to the base, linear-oblong, with their apices hi- or tridentate. My thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy for fronds. ATIIYRIUM FILIX-F(F.MINA. 137 Fig. 481 —Middle portion. Arctum, Lowe. (Fig. 481.) — A distinct, narrow, slender form, raised from spores by Messrs. Stansfield, in the Vale Nurseries, Todmorden. Length of frond ten inches, width one inch and a half. Fronds nearly equal in width. Pinnse brief, alternate, thin, mostly abrupt or dilate at their apices. Pinnules cut to the rachides, various in form and size. Very leafy and variously dentate, some minute, others conspicuous and laciniate. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Fig. 482.— Upper pinna. Fig. 483. — Middle pinna. FoLiACETJM, Lowe. (Figs. 482 and 483.)— A lax form found in Devonshire, by the Rev. Charles Padley, of Beaconfield, near VOL. II. T 138 ATHYRIUM FILIX-F(EMINA. Plymouth. Fronds slender and bending, fifteen inches in length, and four inches in width, slightly less at the base. Stipes and rachis thin and slender. Pinnse opposite, except near the apex, where alternate, linear-lanceolate, and distant. Pinnules very large, leafy, and divided to the rachides; decurrent, simple, with broad shallow teeth; in the upper half of the frond long narrow laciniate teeth. My thanks are due to Mrs. Thompson, of South Lawn, Exeter, for fronds. Fig. 484.— Apex. Fig. 485.— Middle pinna. CoRYMBiFERO-STRTCTUM, Lowe. (Figs. 484 and 485.) — Eaised from spores in 1864, by Messrs. Stansfield, Vale Nurseries, Todmorden. A narrow-fronded dwarf form of corymbiferum. Length of frond ten inches, width two inches and a half. Pinnse broad, brief, and dilated at their apices into a compact, rounded, and very leafy head. Pinnules rounded and conspic- ATIIYRIUM FILIX-F(EMINA. 139 uously dentate. The apex of the frond terminating in a large, compact, multifid head. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. Fig. 486.— Apex. Fig. 487. — Basal pinna. MuLTiFiDUM-NANUM-ANGUSTATUM, Stansfielcl. (Figs. 486 and 487.) — Length of frond six inches, fragile, with various formed and sized pinnee much laciniated, and very grotesque; the apex of the frond much branched and cristate. This variety was raised from spores by Messrs. Stansfield, of the Vale Nurseries, Todmorden. Odontomanes, Moore. — Found in the Vale of Todmorden by Mr. Stansfield. Another form of the molle group, with broadly-lanceolate fronds; brief, broad, and acuminate pinnae; and somewhat distant, patent, decurrent, and profoundly-piunatifid pinnules. The lobes remarkable for their long conspicuous irregular teeth. The best forms are those found by Miss S. Beever at Conistone, and by Mr. Foxton at Thirsk, in York- shire. Less marked forms have been arathercd at Tunbrid^e 140 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. AVells by Mrs. Delves; at Virginia Water by Dr. Allchin; at Dorking by Mr. W. Pamplin; at Challacombe and Marwood by the Rev. F. Mules; at Barnstaple by Mr. H. F. Dempster; at Trentham Park by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; at Titterstone, Glee Hill, Shropshire, and at Prescott, Lancashire, by Mr. E.. Morris; at Todmorden by Mr. A. Stansiield; at Puthin, in Denbighshire, by Mr. T. Pritchard; at LlandafF by Miss Lewis; at Tarbet, Rothesay, and Glen-Groe, by Mr. T. Moore; at Chaigeley Manor, and near Ambleside, by myself; at Ardrishiag by Miss F. Griffith; at Cove by Mr. A. Tait; at Lisdoonvarna by Mr. R. Barrington; and at Dumphail, Inverness-shire by Miss F. Brown. Fig. 488.— Upper half. Stansfieldii, Lowe. (Fig. 488.) — A remarkable dwarf form in the FrizellicB section. Length of frond five inches, width from one half to three quarters of an inch. Slender, linear. Pinnre brief, consisting merely of a rounded much-cut segment, which is petiolate, not unlike an oak tree in form. The apex of the frond terminating abruptly. I am indebted to Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, for fronds. ATHYRIUM FILIX-rCEMINA. 141 Fig. 489.— Apex. Laciniato-laxum, Lowe. (Fig. 489.) — A singular form raised from spores in 1865, in the Vale Nurseries, Todmorden, by Messrs. Stansfield. Fronds six inches long and two broad. A lax slender form. Pinnae sub-opposite, distant, and membra- naceous. Various in form, and terminating laciniately. Pinnules very various in size and form, and laciniate. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Laciniatum, Moore. (Plate XXXIX — A.) — An interesting dwarf variety, originally found at Nettlecombe, by Mr. C. Elworthy. Subsequently a number of varieties differing some- what from laciniatum have been referred to this species by Mr. Thomas Moore; these were found near Thirsk, Yorkshire, by Mr. A. Clapham; Todmorden, by Mr. A. Stansfield; Prescott, by Mr. R. Morris; Balcombe, Sussex, by Mr. G. Hankey; Edinburgh, by Mr. A. Tait; Scarborough, by Mr. A. Clapham; and in the north of Ireland, by Mr. A. Stansfield. A difficult form to describe on account of the variable character of its 142 ATHYRIUM FILIX-F(EAITNA. fronds. Generally lanceolate. The pinna? very irregulare, some brief, others acuminate, others praemorse. Pinnules decurrent, various in size and form, irregularly and profoundly laciniated. Sori abundant and crowded about the base of the laciniated lobes. Sometimes the fronds are considerably depauperated, the pinnse being only of the size of ordinary pinnules, flabellate, lobate, truncate, and palmate intermingled. Sometimes the pinnules are nearly all depauperated. I am indebted to Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, for fronds. Fig. -190.— Frond. FRiZELLiiE-CRiSTATUM, Loice. (Fig. 490.) — An interesting dwarf Fern raised from spores in 1864 by Mr. Thomas Glover, of Smedley Hill, Manchester. Length of frond five inches and a half, width only three eighths of an inch, being equal in width throughout the frond, except at the apex, where it becomes branched and crested, the cristate apex being an inch and a half in width. The pinmc resemble those of ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCKMINA. 143 FrizcUicr, hence its name. The fronds furnished to me were of the second growth, and small, it therefore probably attains twice the size as here quoted. My thanks are due to Mr. Thomas Glover for fronds. Fig. 491. — Upper portion. (Incisum-truncatum.) Fig. 492. — Middle portion, ( Fieldife - imbricatum. ) Incisum-truncatum, leery. (Fig. 491.) — Length of frond eleven inches, narrow, only one inch wide, except near the apex, where irregular, and sometimes two inches wide. Pinnse irregular in size and form, incised and truncate, often much abbreviated, but deeply and narrowly incised. A slender interesting Fern. My thanks are due to Mr. Ivery, of Dorking, for fronds. FiELDi^-iMBRicATUM, Ivcrij. (Fig. 493.)— This exceedingly interesting form differs from the variety Fieldice in having imbricated fronds. liaised from spores by Mr. Ivery, of Dorking, to whom I am indebted for fronds. U4 ATHYRIUM FILIX-rCEMTNA. ^•^i Fig. 493.— Apex. PuLCHERRiMUM, Ivery. (Fig. 493.) — A pretty plumose form, twelve inches in length, with symmetrical fronds, having crowded pinnae and pinnules; the pinnae broad at the base, and caudate and acuminate at the apex. Pinnules linear to linear-oblong, auriculate, finely but closely serrate, the lower lobes bideutate. The superior basal pinnule the largest. The illustration is from Mr. Ivery, of Dorking. There are yet a number of forms that I am not sufficiently acquainted wdth, some of which are likely to prove very distinct, of these w^e shall say more at the conclusion of the work. Amongst those not yet described are the following, most of which I have not even seen: — Acutidens, Moore. Adnatum, Moore. Amplum, Moore. Biforme, Stansfeld. Brachycladon, Moore. Compositum, Sim. Curvatum, 3Ioore. Deficiens, Moore. ATIIYRIUM FIIJX-F(T;MINA. 145 Diffisso-coronans, iSim. Diffisso-multiforme, Moore. Diffisso-polydactylum, Sim. Diffissuni-angustifrons, 3Ioore. Diffissum-regulare, Moore. Discretum, Moore. Distans, Moore. Divaricatum, 3Ioore. Excellens, 3Ioore. Flexum, 3Ioore. Foliosum, 3Ioore. Foveatum, 3Ioore. Frondoso-polydactyluin, Sim. Gracilc-polydactylum, 3Ioore. Gracilissimum, 3Ioore. Grande, 3Ioore. Incomptum, 3Ioorc. Inconditiim, 3Ioore. Informe, 3foore. Infundibuliceps, 3Ioore. Involvens, 3Ioore. Laxum-attenuatum, 3Ioore. Laxum-multifidum, 3foore. Laxum-pcnicillatum, 3Ioore. Lepidum, Sim. jNIollc, 31oore. Multidens, 3Ioore. Multifiduni-furcans, 3Ioore. Oblongum, 31oore. Ordeanaj, 3Ioore. Pannoso-diffissum, 3Ioore. Patens, 3Ioore. Pinnatum, 3Ioore. Polydactylon-majus, 3Ioore. Productum, 3Ioore. Ramoso-polydactylum, 3Ioore. Refractum, 3Ioore. Repressum, Sim. Rhaeticum-interruptum, J/oore, Rhajticum-irregulare, Moore. Rhffiticuni-multifidum, 3Ioore. Rha^ticum-nanum, 3Ioore. Sagittatum, 3Ioore. Sinclairise, 3Ioore. Stenophyllum, 3Ioore. Subcruciatum, Sim. Sublaciniatum, 3Ioorc. Thyssanotum-minus, Sim . Thy ssanotum-multiccps, Sim . Tyrellia?, 3Ioore. VOL. II. 146 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF THE VARIETIES OF ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. Abasiphyllum, Lotve . 107 AbortiTutn, Loioe 33 Abx'uptum, Mnore 28 Acrocladou, Glapham 74 Acuminatissiinum, Moore 129 Acuminatuin, Moore 12 Alatum, Moore 8 Alatum-Fraseri, Lou-e 2(5 Apiculatum, Lijall 128 Apioides, Clapham . 110 Applebyanum, Moore . 27 ApuEeforme, Moore . 26 Arctum, Loioe 137 Arcuosum, Clapham 111 Arrauense, Lowe 28 Balfourii, Lovje 31 Barnesii, Loive 29 Bifidum, Loii^e 30 Brevipinnulum, Stansfit'Id 113 BullerijE, Moore 33 Capitatum, Moore 120 Caudatum, Luu'p 133 Caudiculatum, Moore . 123 Colpodes, Moore 102 Coucinnum, Moore 134 Coufluens, Moore 11 ! Confluens-minor, Moore 96 Conioides, Appleby <" Contortum, Stansfield 33 Convexum-niultifidiim, Lc ire 123 Coronaus, Sim 130 Coronatum, Moore . 35 Cornigerum, Stansfield 118 Corymbifero-depauperatu n, WuUaston 118 Corymbifero-strictum, Lj we 138 Corymbifenun, Moore 37 Corymbiferum-Lowei, Lo ve 37 Courtaiildia3, Lo7ve Craigii, Moore Crispatum, Moore Crispum, Moore Crispum-coronatum, Lowe Cristata-polydactyla, Stansfii Cristatum, Monknum . Cristulatum, Wollaston Curtum, Wollaston Dareoides, Moore Decompositum, Moore Decurreus, Moore Defectum, Wollaston . Delicatissimum, Stansfield Denticulatum, Wollaston Depauperatum, Wollaston Diadematmii, Lowe Diffisso-multifidum, Lowe Diffissum, 2Ioore Diffissnm-gracile, Moore Digitale, Lowe Dilaceratum, Moore DissectuiB, Wollaston . Dissimile, Crossfield Diversifrons, Moore Doodioides, Loive Edwardsii, Lotve Elongatum, Wollaston Elwortliii, Moore Elwortbii-splendens Loice Eroso-cristatum, Moore Eroso-decurrens, Moore . Erosvim, Wollaston Erosuni-minus, Moore Excurreus, Moore Exile, Moore Extremo-digitatum, Love Fieldiae, Moore Id 24 112 32 34 36 15 14 119 32 38 38 102 40 116 41 42 125 44 39 36 40 124 44 45 35 115 103 45 46 94 131 48 47 47 41 47 49 50 ATIIYRIUM FILIX-F(EMINA. 147 Fieldipe-conipositiim, Ivery . 120 Fieldiaa-composittim-multifidum, Iver,/ . . . 121 Fieldiee-imbricatum, Ivery 143 Fieldia3-lancifo!iuTn, Ivery . 122 Fieldias-pumilum, Moore 51 Fihim, Lowe . . . 129 Fissideiis, Moore . . 52 Fissidente-excurrens, Wnllaston 133 Fissido-angustifrons, Irery 118 Flavo-tinctum, Wolldstoii 4f» Flexuosnni, Moore . . 49 Foliaceum, Louie . . ] 37 Formoso-cristatum, Padley 134 Forinosum, Lowe . . 54 Foxtoni, Stansfielcl . . 113 Fraserii, Lowe ... 52 Frizellias, Bain , . 53 Frizellia3-cristatum, Lowe . 142 Frizellia3-nanum, Ivery . 54 Frondosum, Moore . . 55 Furcans, Moore . . 129 Furcans-Moiikmanii, Monhman 16 Furcatum, Moore . . 51 Furcillatum, Moore . . 56 Glomeratum, Moore . 56 Gracile, Moore . . . 124 Grandiceps, Moore . . 57 Grandidens, Moore . . 59 Grantia3, Moore . . 57 Gratissimum, Lowe . . 108 Gratum, Louie . . 108 HarrisiEe, Lowe ... 60 Imbricatum, Clapham . 100 Impastiim, Moore . . 61 Inciso-digitatum, Lowe . 25 Inciso-multifidum, iou'e . 60 lucisum, Hoffmann . . 58 Incisum-truncatum, Ivery . 143 Incomijletuni, Moore . 61 Inexpletiim, Moore . . 29 Interruptum, Wollaston 62, 64 Irregulare, Moore . . 63 Iveryanum, Moore . . 63 Jamesii, Loive ... 64 Kalon, iowe ... 65 Laceratum, Moore . . 66 Laciniato-laceratum, Glapliam 102 Laciniato-laxvim, Lowe . 141 Laciniato-polymorpluim, Claj-im. 101 Laciniatuni, Moore . . 141 Laciiiiatum-couflucns, Moore 68 Laciniatum-dissectiim, Moore 66 Laciuiatum-elegans, Clapluim 69 Laciniatum-interruptum, Glapm. 69 Laciniatuin-lineatiim. Moore 68 Laciniatum-majus, Moore . 65 Laciniatum-minus, Moore 65 Laciniatiim-Padlcyi, iotre . 70 Laciniatum-truncatum, Moore 70 Latifolio-imbricatum, Lowe 67 Latifoliuni, Bahiii.yfo7i . 6 Latifolinm-multifidum, Stonsfield 135 Latipes, Moore . . . 126 Latum, Lov}e ... 72 Laveyanum, Juer?/ . . 71 Laxum, Sclmmaclier , 72 Longridgense, Lowe . . 104 Macilentum, Moore . 73 Marinum, Moore . . 23 Mesembryantliemoides, Glafpliam 73 Minimum, Moore . . 31 Monense, Glapham Monkmanii, Moore Moorei, Lotve . Mucronatum, Moore Multiceps, Moore Multicusjje, Barnes Multifidum, Moore . MuUifidum-Coolingii, Lowe Multifidum-Edelstenii, Lowe Multifidum-Fraseri, Lowe . Multifidum-Mapplebeckii, Lowe Multifidum-miuus, Moore . Multifidum-nanum, Moore 1 Multifi dum -nanum- angustatum, Stansfielcl Multifidum.-ramosum, Moore Multifi dum-semidepauperatum, Sim Multifidum-tenue, Lowe Multifurcatum, Moore Nudatum, Moore Obtusum, Moore Odontomanes, Moore Orbiculatum, Lotoe Ovatum, BotJi . Oxydens, Moore . Padleyi, Lowe . Pannosum, Moore Pannosnm.-nauum, Moore Parsonsia?, Moore Parviceps, Barnes Phylloideum, Lowe Plicatum, Padley Plumoso-multifidum, Stansfield Plumosum, Moore Plumosum-Barnesii, Wollaston Plumosum-Jervisii, Lowe Plumosum-Monkmanii, Stansfield 14 Plumosum-Stausfieldii, Lou-e 81 Polycladon-erosum, Sfanrfield 122 Polyclados, Moore . . 16 Polyclados-disscctum, Moore 9 104 10 76 75 75 77 17 20 18 21 19 18 ',18 139 17 20 19 77 116 121 139 127 106 5 94 78 78 79 79 100 116 126 135 80 80 148 ATHYRIUM FIL1X-F(EMINA. Polyclados-irregiilare, Moore 12 Polyclados-minus, Moore . 16 Polydactyloii, Moore . 82 Prajmorsum, Moore . . 112 Pritchardii, Stansfield . 114 Pritchardii-cristatum, Loire 117 Pruiuosum, Moort. . . 81 Piilcberrimum, Icvrij . 111- Purpureum, Hort . . 83 Pygmieum, Moore . . 83 Pyramidale, Moore . . 102 Eachidioides, Claflimn . Ill Ramo-cristatum, Sim . 85 Ramo-depauperatum, Monhman 84 Eamo-diffissum, Monkman 8 Ramo-thyssanotuni, MonJcman 22 Ramosum, Wollaston . 86 Ramuloso-Monkmauii, Lowe 84 RamulosTim, Moore . . 25 Reflexum, Clapham . 99 Eeniotum, TFoWasfo^i . • 131 Rlia3ticum, Linnceus . 128 Rutsonii, Monhman . 13 Scopaeforme, Love . 132 Semidepauperatum, Clapham 9 Siugulare, Zoice . . 96 Stansfieldii, Loire 140 Stenodon, Moore 87 Stipatimi, IVolliisfiii/ 126 Subcruciforme, 1 Vollaatou 88 Subdepauijeratiim, Cloires 11 Suljdigitatum. Moorr 87 Suljerosum, Moure 103 Subpliimosum, Fodleij 136 Tenue, Moore 88 TenuifoHum, CJapliam 106 Tbyssanotuiu, Moore . 89 Tortile, Moore 91 Tridentato-multifidum, io i 90 Tritidum, Moore 89 Truncatum, Clapham . 109 Uncum, Moore 91 Uncum-ramosum, Lowe 105 Undulatum, Moore . 92 Validum, Moore . 115 Variabile, Moore 92 Variabile-Jervisii, Jervis 93 Variaus, Moore 109 Yernom'ae, Jervis 93 Vernonias-cristata, Clapham 105 Victorias, Moore 98 Willisonii, Willison 95 ASl'LEXIUM. 149 GENUS yii. ASPLENIUM. LiNN^us. An interesting group of Ferns which is somewhat well represented in Great Britain. Fronds herbaceous or membranaceous, and coriaceous. Simple lobed, pinnate, bipinnate, or decompound. The rachis or veins in some proliferous. Caudex brief, erect or decumbent. Sori indusiate, linear, short or elongate. The receptacles lateral, on the anterior side of the veins. Indusium linear and membranaceous. Veins simple, or forked from a central costa. Asjyleniuni differs from Athijriimi in having the sori straight, and from Scolopendriuin in having single fructification, that is, not in pairs standing face to face. The spore-cases grow along the side of the vein, and the indusium is also attached laterally. The British Aspleniums are divided into two groups, namely, Euasplenium and Acropteris. In Euasplenium are lanceolatuni , fontanum, adiantum-nigrum, mariniim, trichomcmcs, and viride. In Acropteris are ruta-muraria, Germanicum, and scpten- trionale. In ^uasplenium we have the sori oblong or linear, with the veins simple or forked, and diverging from a central costa; and in Acropteris we have linear elongate sori, with flabellately- forked veins without a costa. Fig. 401.— Apex. ASPLENIUM LANCEOLATUM. Hudson. The Lanceolate Spleenivort. PLATE XL. Asplenium lanceolatum. Billot a, cuneaturn. Hudson. Smith. Deakin. Hooker and Arnott. Babington. Bentham. Newman. Moore. SoWERBY. SWARTZ. WiLLDENOW. PoiRET. SfRENGEL. PresL. Link. Euprecht. Fee. Mettenius. Nyman. E. J. Lore. SCHULTZ. SCHULTZ. 152 ASPLENIUM LAXCEOLATUM. Anplenium Perreymondii, Balbis. " rotundatum, Kaulfuss. Peesl. Volypodium adiantifolium, PoiRET. Tarachia lanceolata, Presl. A^/jlenitim — Spleenwort. Lanceolatu in — Lanceolate. Tins species is found more or less in the neighbourhood of the sea. A native of Cornwall, abundant about the Land's End and Penzance, and found at St. Ives and Enys Penryn. In Devon- shire on Morwcll Pocks, on the banks of the Tamar and Plym, Bickley Vale, Marwood, Shaugh, Lynmouth, Buckland Monachorum, Tavistock, Salconibe, and Torquay. In Somer- setshire at Selworthy, etc. In Sussex and Kent, at Tunbridge Wells. In Gloucestershire, at Frenchay, Beechly, and near Stapleton. In Wales, in Pembrokeshire, Glamorganshire, Merionethshire, Carnarvonshire, and Denbighshire. In Ireland, only found at Kinsale, Cork, where it was discovered by Mr. J. Woods. Also found in Guernsey, Jersey, Scilly, and Pamsay Islands. Abroad it is a native of Madeira, Azores, Algiers, Tangier, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, and France. A handsome Fern, easily grown in a well-drained compost of peat loam and sand. It requires a sheltered situation, and a mild climate, and detests excessive moisture. The fronds vary from four inches to eighteen inches in length, are rigid, and of a brilliant green colour. Lanceolate and pinnate. Pinnse ovate-lanceolate, broadest at the base, and narrowing to the apex, scarcely stalked, the lower more distant. Pinnules obovate, obliquely-ovate, somewhat cuneate at the base. In the large fronds the pinnules are pinnatifid below, with mucronately-toothed lobes. Stipes brief, about one third of the length of the frond, dark chesnut-coloured below, the dark colour extending along the back of the rachis. Stipes and rachis sparingly scaly. Caudex brief, thick, tufted, and densely scaly. ASPLEXIUM LANCKOLATIIIM. 153 Sori scattered over the whole under side of the frond. Indu- siate, oblong, and produced along the anterior sides of the venules, submarginal, and eventually confluent. Indusium white. Veins of the pinnules consisting of a flexuose midvein, alternately branched. This species is more nearly allied to Asplenium adiantum- nigrum than any other British Fern, yet differs in the form of the frond, by its hair-scales on its rachides, in its oblong sori, and by the spores being produced above the fork of the veins, whilst in adiantum-nigrum it is below the forking. It has also a thinner frond, and the pinnules more equal in size. I am indebted to Mr. Clift, of Balsall Moor, Birmingham, for a very flne plant, a collector to whom I shall have again to refer, and who has found some excellent forms of British Ferns. There are very few varieties of this species. Fig 495.— Apex. IvALON, Loicc. (Fig. -195.) — Found in Devonshire in 1864. The frond nearly equal in width, only slightly diminishing in the basal pair of pinna3 and near the apex; the frond termi- nating in a square wide apex. The basal pinnae descending, the others horizontal, and the apical pair ascending. Pinna? crowded, and on their basal half overlapping, elongate-triangular, VOL. II. X 154 ASPLENIUM LANCEOLATUM. their apex blunt, triangular-rotund. Pinnules petiolate, except at the apex of the j^ii^^^i^^ distant, large; their base cuneate, entire; their margins minutely fringed with diminutive teeth; occasionally the pinnules are wanting. Length from four to five inches; colour a rich green. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Fig 49G.— Apex. Obtusum, Clapliam. fFig. 496.) — A distinct form raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. The fronds, which are from eight to ten inches in length, terminate obtusely. The pinnae are broader at the base. The basal pinnules are much larger, more divided, and more distant. My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham for fronds. Microdot, Moore. {Asjilenitim microdon, Moore, and A. marimim var. microdon, Moore.) (Plate XXXIX. — B.) — This handsome and very distinct form was found in Guernsey, in 1855, by Miss Wilkinson, and subsequently by Miss Mansell, of the Quesnc, and Mr. C. Jackson. Also near Penzance by Mr. G. Wager. The fronds are irregularly linear, with a tapering point, pinnate, and from six to twelve inches in length. Pinnas distinct; approximate in the lower half of the frond, briefly stalked, pyramidal, the lowest triangular, oblique, deflexed, and taperiiig to a blunt point; the upper pinnse shorter, crowded, adnate with the slightly-margined rachis; lobed and undulated at the margin; the basal lobes rounded, and divided nearly to the costa, and overlapping, the divisions ASPLENIUM LANCEOLATUM. 155 slialloAver upwards. Distinctly toothed, the teeth being small and transparent. This form is remarkable for its denticulated margin and small sori. I am indebted to Mr. Ivery, of Dorking, for plants, and to the Rev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, near Plymouth; Mr. Cooling, of Derby; and Mr. Edwards, of Nuttall, for fronds. Fig. 497.— Frond. Caudatum, Lowe. (Fig. 49T.) — A dwarf singular variety, much less divided, bipinnate; pinna) distant, the lower ones divided to the costa, the upper ones simply auriculatc. The frond terminating in a caudate apex. Densely sorifcrous to the top of the frond. Raised from spores. Length of frond four to five inches. Claphamii, Moore. — An accidental seedling in the fernery of Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough. Nearly allied to ^nicrodon, but having yet narrower almost parallel-sided fronds, with an irregular or sinuated margin, and a brief narrowed apex. Length of frond five inches, and three fourths of an inch wide; linear-acute in form. Pinnae nearly equal in size, sessile, with a narrow attachment at the base, becoming more 156 ASFLENIUM LANCEOL ATUM. adnate iipwards, and coiiflucnt in the upper half. ]\Iuch imbricated. The lower pinna; bluntly triangular, above obliquely and transversely oblong, in the upper half crenately lobed. Fig. 498.— Apex. BiFiDUM, Lou-e. (Fig. 498.) — A dwarf form found in Devonshire, differing in having the fronds bifid near the apex. Length of frond four inches. Fig. 49!).— Mid.lle pinna. KiTSONi.^., Lowe. (Fig. 499.) — A large-growing lax form, found in Devonshire by jNIiss Kitson. Length of frond fourteen inches, of Avhich the basal two inches and a half is the rachis; the distance between the basal and next pair of pinnre two inches and a half, then half an inch apart and alternate, the two basal pairs being sub-opposite. The frond widest in the centre, and nearly equal in size, very gradually tapering towards the apex. Pinnae everywhere lax, decurrent above, their apices blunt. Pinnules lax and dentate, the superior ASrLENIUM LAXCEOLATUM. 157 basal ones larger and more divided, the others cuneatc at their base, and flattened and dentate at their upper margin; ascending. The two basal pinna3 ascending, the pinnules of which are only half the size of those of the other pinna?. My thanks arc due to Miss Kitson for fronds. Fig. oOO.— Middle pinnre. Ixc'isiM. (Fig. 500.) — Found in Jersey. A robust form, twelve inches in length. Pinna? alternate, distant below, approximate above. Pinnules deeply incised, with conspicuous sharp-pointed teeth, occasionally depauperated or even Avanting. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. my^^^M^ Fis. 501.— Frond. ExcisuM, Loire. (Fig. 501.) — A dwarf form, found at Shaw- bridge, in South Devon, by Mr. G. W. Edwards, of Nuttall, The apex of the frond is as if bitten off, and the pinnules on the upper half of the frond are variable in form and much contracted. I am indebted to Mr. Edwards for a frond. 158 ASrLENIUM LANCEOLATUM. Laciniatum, WoUaston. — A sub-permanent form found in the Channel IsLands. Depauperated. The leafy portion more or less wanting, the pinn;x! and pinnules frequently mere ribs, and the copious fructification protruding on the upper surface of the frond. Crispatum, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. C. Jackson. Distinctly bipinnatc. The margins of the lobes of the pinnules are curled under so as to have a crispy character, the thickened teeth by this means becoming conspicuous. ASPLBNIUM SEPTENTRIONA.LB. A. GERMANICUM. XLl Fig. 502. — Portion of mature Frond, under side. ASPLENIUM GERMANICUM. Weis. The Alternate-leaved Spleenwort. PLATE XLI. — A. Asplenium Germanicum, <( << « (< " alternifolimn, " Breynii, " murale, var. Ameshim Germanicum, Phyllitis heterophylla, Scolopendrium aliernifolium, Tarachia Germanica, Asplenium — Spleenwort. Weis. Gkay. Newman. Bentham. Deakin. Babington. Moore. LaMABCK. WitLDENOW. PeESL. Speengel. Link. Stuem. WuLFEN. Smith. Sowebby. Hooker and Aknott. Eetzius. Swaetz. Schkuhr. Fee. Nyman. Koch. Feies, SvENSK. Ledeboue. Mettenius. Bernhaedi, Newman. MCENCH. EOTH. Peesl, Germanicum — Of Germany. A DWARF and very rare British Fern, growing on rocks at an altitude of from three hundred to a thousand feet above the sea-level, and requiring, under cultivation, a porous soil with stone. The roots require to be moderately moist, and the plant itself moderately dry. A bell-glass with holes at the top will prevent water from injuring the fronds, and still keep the plant sufficiently moist. 160 ASPI.KNIVM GRRMAXKLM. It lias hern found in Cumberland, on Helvellyn and in Bor- rowdale; in Northumberland, on Kyloc Rocks; in Somersetshire, near Culborne. In AVales, in Denbighshire, near Llanrwst and Capel Curig; in Carnarvonshire, on Llanberris. In Scotland, near Kelso, in Roxburghshire, and near Hassendeen; Fifeshire, near Dunfermline; Perthshire, near Dunkeld and Perth. Mr. P. Neill Fraser gathered it within two miles of Edinburgh in 1857, and INIr. D. Hutchison says it is plentiful on almost inaccessible rocks near Airlie Castle, Forfarshire. It is found as far north as the Gulf of Finland. In Norway, Sweden, Belgium, Switzerland, France, Hunijarv, Germany, Croatia, Spain, Italy, Dalmatia, Bukowina, and on the Tyrol and Carpathian Mountains. It is usually found growing with As^jlcnimn septentrioitale. The fronds are linear-oblong, pinnate, or sub-bipinnate. Pinnse alternate, ascending, remote, and of a narrow wedge- shaped form. The lower ones three-cleft, entire below, and toothed at the apex. Length of frond from two to six inches, and pale green in colour. Stipes slender and terminal, and as long as the frond. Stipes and rachis smooth. Caudex brief, tufted, and scaly. Veins flabellately forked. Fructification occupying all the back of the pinna?. Sori linear-elongate and central. Indusium entire. This species is not subject to much variation in form, only one variety being known. Fig. 503.— Frond. AcuTiDENTATUM, Moove. (Fig. 503.) — An interesting form raised from spores by Mr. Sim, of Foot's Cray. It differs in having the teeth of the lobes acute, instead of obtuse. I am indebted to Mr. Sim, of Foot's Cray, for fronds. Fig. 504.— Portion of mature Frond, under .side. ASPLENIUM SEPTENTRIONALE. Hoffmann. The Forked Spleemvort. PLATE XI.I. -B. Asplenium septentrionale. furcatum, hifurcatum, Acrostichum laciniatum, " septentrionale, Amesiuni septentrionale, BlecJmum septentrionale, VOL. IL Hull. Smith. Gray. Hooker and Aenott. Babington. Deakin. Koch. Newman. Sowerby. Moore. Hooker. Bentham. Presl. SCHKUHR. WiLLDENOW. Sprengel. Sturm. Fries. Ledebour. Mettenius. Ntman. E. J. Lowe. Jacquemont. Opiz. Gilibert. LiNNiEus. Bolton. Newman. Wallroth. 162 ASPLENIUM SEPTENTRIONALE. Scolopendrium septentrionale, HoTH. Acropteris septentrionalis. Link. Fee. Belvisia septentrionalis, Miebel. Pteris septentrionalis. Smith. Asplenium — Spleenwort. Septentrionale — Northern. Although not an uncommon European species, still the Asplenium septentrionale is a rare British Fern, of dwarf size and rupestral habit, growing in the fissures of rocks, and on loose stone walls. We have recorded as localities for this species in West- moreland, the neighbourhood of Ambleside; in Cumberland, Helvellyn, in the Vale of Newlands, Honiston Crags, Scawfell, Patterdale, Keswick, Wastwater, and Borrowdale; in Northumberland, at Kylce Crags; in Yorkshire, Ingleborough; in Somersetshire, Culborne, near Oare Church, and Exmoor. In Scotland, Roxburghshire, Edinburghshire, Perthshire, and Aberdeenshire. In Wales, near Llanrwst, Pass of Llanberris, Bettwys-y-Coed, Capel Curig, Pont-y-Pair, and Llewellyn. It does not occur in Ireland. Abroad it is found in Scandinavia, Russia, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Northern India, and New Mexico. The fronds, which are evergreen, are from two to six inches in length, deep green, and coriaceous. Sometimes simple, sometimes forked, and either entire or with a few distant marginal teeth, or divided into several lobes. The fronds are tapering towards both extremities. Caudex brief, stout, often densely crowded with fronds. Stipes usually longer than the frond. Sori linear, elongate. Indusium entire. Like all other rock plants it delights best to grow hori- zontally amongst lumps of porous sandstone in sandy soil. It does not appear subject to varieties. >4 •TAN U M, i-iract-.um. Fig, 505. — Portion of mature Frond, under side. ASPLENIUM FONTANUM. Bernhardt. The Smooth Rock Spleenwort. PLATE XLII. Asplenium fontanum. " Halleri, it n Athyrium Halleri, " fontanum, <( << Aspidium fontanum, " Sailer i, Polypodium alpinum, " fontanum, Beenhaedi. Smith. Deakin. Hooker and Aenott. Moore. Bentham. Sowerby. Beown. Speengel. Sadlee. Link. Mettenius. E. J. Lowe. Speengel. Sadlee. De Candolle. Link. Koch. Ledebour. Ntman. HoTH. Peesl. Fee. Mettenius. Both. Sadler. De Candolle. Peesl. Babington. Gray. Fee. Swaetz. Willdenow. Schkfhe. Smith. WlLLDENOW. POIEET. Lamaeck. LiNN^us. Smith. Bolton. Poieet. Asplenium — SplceuworL. Foatanam — Founlam. 1(J4 ASPLENIUM I'ONTANUM. A DWARF Fern, with bipinnate, narrow, or linear-lanceolate fronds, broadest upwards, rigid and glabrous. Fronds varying from three to twelve inches, usually four or five inches, and dark green in colour. A very rare British Fern, growing on rocks and walls. It has been found in Hampshire, near Petersfield, in 1852, by the Rev. W. H. Hawker; in Swanage Cave, Isle of Purbeck, also in 1852, by Dr. Power; in Surrey, near Tooting, in 1845, by Mr. Gibbs. Mr. A. Shepherd records it as found at Matlock; Mr. R. M. Redhead in Wharncliflfe Wood, Yorkshire; Mr. R. Brown near Alnwick Castle, Northumberland; Mr. Hudson (who first discovered it as British) at Wybourn, Westmoreland; Mr. D. Hutchison near Stonehaven, Kincar- dineshire; and Mr. Newnham at Cavehill, near Belfast. It is found in France, Belgium, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, Greece, Siberia, and Kashmir. Readily grown in a well-drained pot, and porous soil of turfy peat, with a slight portion of friable loam and abundance of gritty silver-sand. A greenhouse variety requiring care in not over-watering. Caudex brief, erect, tufted, and somewhat scaly. Stipes brief, slender, dark purplish brown, becoming green upwards. Rachis green, having a narrow elevated margin throughout, reaching nearly to the stipes. Pinnse oblong-ovate, spreading, the basal ones smaller, more distant, and palmately three-lobed. The upper ones crowded and oblong. Pinnules roundish-obovate, tapering to the base; the basal ones stalked, the upper ones decurrent, their margins spinosely- mucronately dentate. Sori brief, oblong, most copious upwards, but covering the whole under surface of the frond. Veins consisting of a flexuose costa with alternate simple veins. There is a form known as Halleri, but it is doubtful whether the variation is not ov/ing to cultivation. There is also another form which Mr. Moore refers to this species known as var. rcfractum, (Plate XLII. — B.,) whose history is obscure. ASPLENIUM FONTANUM. 165 Mr. Moore mentions at page 65, vol. ii., of his "Nature- printed British Ferns," that "it in some respects approaches the North American Asj)le?iiicm ebe?ieu7n.^' I have long con- sidered this Fern to be a variety of A. eheneuni; and a letter recently received from Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, a culti- vator of Ferns of great discernment, strengthens my opinion, as he also considers ebeneum as the parent of this plant. It is therefore placed as a variety of this Fern with every confidence of having removed it to the right species. Fig. oOG.— Apex. MuLTTFiDUM, Stansfield. (Fig. 506.) — A very distinct variety^ from five to six inches in length, more or less depauperate below. The pinnae and pinnules very various in size and form; some of the pinnse simple, and merely dentate on their edges. About two inches below the apex the main rachis dividing, and these divisions again subdividing, and forming a branching apex. I am indebted to Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, for fronds. 166 ASP LF.N I U M FONT A NUM. Fig. 507.— Middle of Frond. Laxum, Stansfield. (Fig. 507.) — A lax form with alternate pinnPE. Pinnae ascending, widest in the centre of the frond, contracting to the base and apex, but not so much as in laciniatum. Length of frond five inches. Copiously soriferous. Fig. 508.— Frond. Depauperatum, Stansfield. (Fig. 508.) — A remarkable variety, introduced and named by the Messrs. A. Stansfield and Sons. Length of Irond two inches. The apex of the ASPLENIUM P'ONTANUM. 167 frond sharp-pointed. An exceedingly depauperate form, the leafy portion being entirely absent, a brief cornuted footstalk alone being present, surrounded by spore-cases. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Fig. .500.— Middle portion of Frond. L.iciNiATUM, Stansfield. (Fig. 509.) — A much cut variety introduced by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Length of frond six inches, width in centre one inch, contracting to the base, and attenuately to the apex. Copiously soriferous. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. Fig. 510.— Apex. Halleri. (Fig. 510.) — An interesting variety, more nearly approaching the normal form than any of the before-mentioned 168 ASPLBNIUM FONTANUM. varieties. Usual length of frond four inches; pinnse approximate, their apices, and also those of the pinnules, more or less rounded. The sori less copious, and mostly confined to the upper portion of the pinnfc and upper half of the frond. Fig. 511.— Apex of mature Frond. Fig. 512.— Lower portion of younger Frond, ASPLENIUM EBENEUM. AlTON. VLATE XLII. — B, VAR. REB'RACTUM. Asplenium eheneum, trichomanoides, poJypodioides, parvulum, resiliens, Acrostichum flalynewran, AiTON. Link. Swabtz. Kunze. Peesl. Willdsnow. Plukenet. Fee. a. Gkay. Pappe and Rawson. Mettenius. Mokisson. E. J. Lowe. MiCHADX, {not of LuMNITZER.) Swabtz. Schkuhb. Martens and Galleotti. Kunze. L1NN.EUS. Jsp^ewiMOT— Spleenwort. ^5e«ewm— Ebony-stalked. An easily-cultivated cool greenhouse Fern from North America, the Cape of Good Hope, Canada, the West Indies and South Africa, and Mexico. VOL. II. Z 170 ASPLENIUM EBENEUM. Length of frond twelve to eighteen inches, delicate green, with the rachis and stipes ebeneous. Fronds smooth, linear-lanceolate, and pinnate. Pinnae sessile, imbricated, and oblong, the superior ones auriculate, rounded at the apex, and bluntly crenate on the margins. The inferior ones cordate-hastate. Caudex stout and horizontal; stipites tufted. The normal form has not been found in Great Britain, and this species is only added on the supposition that Asplenium refr actum is a variety of this Fern. Fig. 513. — Basal portion of young Frond. Refractum, Moore. {Asjilenium fontanum, var. refractum, Moore and Hooker, A. fontanum, var. proliferum, Wollaston.) (Plate XLII.— B, and fig. 513.)— First known in 1851, from the gardens at Peper Harrow Park, Surrey, and afterwards introduced by Mr. Parker, of Hornsey. A person named Filden had found three plants in Scotland, but, being since dead, this interesting plant has obscurity cast over it. It has linear sub-bipinnate fronds, with brief, oblong, obtuse, refracted pinnae, pinnate at the base, and pinnatifid above. Pinnules (the basal anterior one alone distant, the remainder confluent) roundish, having a few coarse, angular, mucronate teeth. Sori brief, oblong-oblique, in a line on either side near the costa of the pinnae. Pachis chesnut-coloured, marginate above, (not winged,) and bulbil-bearing. Length seven or eight inches, width three quarters of an inch. The frond is longer and narrower in proportion than Asplenium fontanum; the outline is different, being equal and linear instead of incurving up- wards. The pinnae are much less divided, and are refracted in a remarkable degree. Little bulbils are formed at the junction of the pinnae with the rachis. >H N^ 3> k* 0J^ ASPLENI IJM ADIANTUM- NIGRQM. XLIII Fig. 514. — Lower pinna of the variety Acutum. ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. LlNN^US. The Black Maiden-hair Spleenwort. PLATE XLIII. Asplenium adianfum-nigrum, LiNN^us. Bolton. Smith. ♦ Deakin. Bentham. Mackay. " Desvaux. Hooker and Aenott. " Babington. Moore. Newman. " sowerby. bory. schkuhr. " SwARTz. Lamarck. Sadler. " "VVilldenow. Presl. Link. " Sprengel. Koch. Fee. " Sturm. Ledebour. Fries. " Mettenius. Pollini. Henflee. " Pappe and Rawson. Nyman. " Schlechtendal. E. J. Lowe. acliantum-lanceolatum, Hoffmann. argutum, Kaulfuss. Speengel. Presl. Fee. 172 ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-MIGRUM. Asplenium acutum. " Cajjense, " multicaule, " incisum, " serpentini, " finsum-, " novum, " cuneifolium , " humile, Heuffein, " Davallioides, " luridum, " nigrum, '» Oreopteris, '* productum, " patens, " Virgilii, " trichomanoides, " Silesiacum, " tahulare, Phyllitis lancifolia, Tarachia acuta, " arguta, " adiantum-nigrum, BoET. "WlLLDENOW. NeWMAN. Babington. Poiret. Sprengel. Sadler. Presl. Fee. Link. Mettenius. LlNN.^US. SCHOLTZ. Opiz. Tausch. Weinm. Sadler. VlVIANI. Blume. WiERZB. Tausch. Salisbury. Bernhaedi. LlNNJEfS. Lowe. Gaudichaud. BORY. GuSSONE. Lumnitzer, {not of Michaux.) MiLDE. Schrader. McENcn. Presl. Presl. Presl. Asplenium — Spleenwort. Adiantum-nigrum — The black Adiantum. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum is widely spread throughout England and Wales, Scotland, Ireland, the Western and Channel Isles, occurring on rocks, walls, and sandy banks, from the sea-level to an altitude of almost two thousand feet. It is also found throughout Europe, occurring in Scandinavia. Russia, Denmark, France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Dalmatia, Croatia, Hungary, Transylvania, Turkey, Greece, Austria, Corsica, Cyprus, the Balearic Isles, Sicily, Teneriffe, Madeira, Azores, Cape de Verd Islands, Algiers, Abyssinia, the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, and St. Helena. It is widely spread in Asia, occurring in Siberia, Russian Asia, Arabia, Armenia, Syria, AfFghanistan, Kashmir, Simla, Java, Sandwich Isles, V^irginia, and Porto Rico. A beautiful species, and may be successfully grown in ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. 173 well-drained sandy soil, amongst rock-work in the open fernery, or under pot-culture in a greenhouse. The caudex is brief, stout, tufted, and scaly. Stipes often longer than the leafy portion of the frond, dark purple, and smooth. Rachis channeled in front. Length of frond from three inches to two feet, and from an inch and a half to seven inches wide at the base; shining deep green above, paler beneath. Deltoid or ovate, and tapering to an acuminated apex; bipinnate, tripinnate, or even subquadripinnate. Pinnae oblong-triangular, mostly elongate, and with an attenuated apex. The basal ones the largest and opposite, above alternate. Pinnules alternate; the basal ones situated on the anterior side of the rachis, and much larger than the others, broadly oblique-ovate, with an attenuated apex, pinnate or pinnatifid at the base, the segments ovate-obtuse. The ultimate divisions notched with distinct acute serratures. Veins furcate. Sori linear-elongate, indusiate on the anterior side of the veins near their base, crowded and soon confluent. Fronds evergreen. There are a few distinct varieties: — AcuTUM, Pollini. (Fig. 514.) — Found by Dr. Mackay, Dr. Allchin, and Mr. G. H. Allcock at the Turk Waterfall, Kil- larney; at the foot of Cromaglaun, and Glouin Caragh, Inveragh, by Mr. G. Maw; Cahir Conree, near Tralee, by Mr. W. Andrews; Dublin Mountains, by Mr. D. Orr; Cork, by Miss Townsend; St. Asaph Cathedral, by Mr. C. Johnson; in Jersey, by M. Piquet; and Combe Royal, South Devon, by Miss Hoseason. In July, 1860, I found this plant in great abundance in Spain, especially near Santander, Las Caldas, and between Reinosa and Allar. In Mr. Sewell's garden at Fuente del Mar, about a mile from Santander, a long bank under a hedge was completely clothed with this variety. A very distinct form, and perhaps even a distinct species. Texture firmer. Length of frond from six to eighteen inches, and two inches and a half to eight inches broad at the base. Stipes some- times nine inches long. Outline pentangular, and in the larger 174 ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRI'M. fronds subquadripinnate. The lowest pinnfp, which are the largest, are opposite, and of a similar outline to the frond itself. The apices of the frond and pinnules caudate, Avith a few sharp, deep, and distant teeth. The lower lobes are three-toothed, those above bifid, Avhilst at the apex only simple toothed. Veins furcate, slender, but very distinct. Sori very narrow, linear, and situated near the centre of the pinnules. It differs from the normal species in being more subdivided, in its thinner and more papery texture, and in the presence throughout of linear-acute erect segments and teeth. For fronds I am indebted to Mr. G. H. Allcock, and to Mr. Joseph Sidebotham. Fig. 515.— Middle pinmB. MiCRODox, 3foore. (Fig. 515.) — A distinct variety, found in Guernsey and near Barnstaple by the late Mr. C. Jackson, and in Devonshire by the Rev. J. M. Chanter. Fronds six to eight inches in length, broadest at the base, where nearly three inches across, pyramidal, with an irregular outline, owing to the unequal length of the pinnae. Pinnee distinctly pinnate at the base, but slightly adnate and decurrent above, and in the upper part are confluent info a broad irregular pinnatifid apex. The outline of the distinct pinnae hastate, owing to a rounded auricle, both on the anterior and posterior sides. In the basal pinnae the auricles become lobes divided half-way down to the costa, above the auricle they taper to an acute point. The margin is everywhere minutely and sharply denticulate. Sori numerous, placed near the costa, mostly scolopendrioid. ASPLENIUM ADIANTrM-NTGRUM. 175 Fig. olG.— Apex. Ramosum, Lowe. (Fig. 516.) — A very interesting form, found by the Rev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, Plymouth, near his residence. Fronds bright shining green, very smooth, and of the ohtusum section; the main stipes branching an inch below the apex, and these again branching two or three times. Pinnules but little divided. Length six inches. My thanks are due to Mr. Padley for fronds. Fig. 517.— Middle pinna?. Obtusatum, Moore. (Fig. 517.) — Comparatively dwarf, being from two to eight inches; and ovate-acuminate in form. The smaller specimens bipinnate; pinnae brief and bluntly triangular, pinnules roundish-obovate and very indistinctly toothed. The larger specimens tripinnatc, their primary and secondary pin- nules corresponding with the pinna) and pinnules of the small specimens. Found at Sandgate, Kent, Torquay, Wensleydale, Highfield House, near Nottingham, Nottingham Park; in 176 ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. Scotland near Stirling and Ardrislilag, Argyleshire; in Ireland, Antrim, Newtown Castle, Foynes, and the Isle of Achill; Guernsey. Fig, 518.— Middle of Frond. Serratum, Stansjield. (Fig. 518.) — A pretty, narrow, dwarf form, found by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Length five inches, width one inch and a half. Pinnse small, pinnules very large and finely serrated. The width of the frond almost equal throughout. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Fig 519 —Middle of Frond. OxYPHYLLTJM, 3Ioore. (Fig. 519.) — Found in 1855 near Dunoon, in Argyleshire, by Mrs. East, of Blackheath, and subsequently near Stirling, by INIrs. Macleod. Moderate in size, pinnae brief, very oblique from the increased size of the basal anterior pinnule, the latter more distant and more distinct than the remainder, which become confluent. Dentation acute, narrow, and large. Not unlike acufum, yet the basal pinnai are sooner smaller than enlarged, as in that form. ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. 177 Fig. 520.— Apex of Frond. Grandi€EFS, Loive. (Fig. 520.) — This most remarkable and very rare Fern was discovered in Ireland by the Rev. R. Travers Smith, who found it in an old wall at Tramore, County of Waterford, and gave it to Mrs. B. Hone, of Vevay, Ballybrack, Dalkey, near Dublin. Mrs. B. Hone forwarded fronds and a plant of this singular variety. Length of frond eight inches, width from an inch to an inch and a half, except at the tasselled apex, where it becomes two inches and a half wide. A depauperated variety, occasionally pinnae opposite, but more frequently the opposite pinnae absent. Usually only three or four pinnae, the greater portion of the stipes being naked. Pinnse leafy, variously cut and differing much from each other in form; and much serrated on the margin. Two inches and a half below the apex of the frond the stipes dilates and becomes flat, and then branches and divides many times, forming a more or less circular tassel termination with a cuneate base. My thanks are due to Mrs. B. Hone for a plant and fronds. VOL. II. 2 A 178 ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. Fig. 521— Frond. Devavperatvm, Moore. (Fig. 521.) — Found on AVliitbarroAv, Westmoreland, by Mr. F. Clowes, of Windermere, Dwarf — only two inches high, and the parts all diminutive and irregularly depauperated. Fig. 522. — Middle piniuc. Edvvardsii, Loive. (Fig. 522.) — Found at Penny Cross, Devon, by Mr. W. Edwards, of Nuttall. Of the aciitum ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. 179 section. Rachis very long, being three fourths of that of the frond. Frond broad, pinnse approximate, the apex abruj)t, forming a more or less square termination, instead of the ultimate pinna. I am indebted to Mr. Edwards for fronds. Fig. 523.— Frond. Flabei.latum, Lowe. (Fig. 523.) — A distinct form with flabellate fronds. The apex of the frond branching. Pinnse broad in the barren frond, and very narrow in the fertile ones. I am obliged to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Leptorachis, Moore. — A small-fronded interesting form, remarkable for the length of its stipes, and the small size of the parts of its frond. Length of stipes seven inches, slender, the rachis also slender; the leafy portion three inches long, ovate, tripinnate, briefly acuminate. Pinnee alternate, the basal pinnules of the basal pinnas broadly and bluntly ovate, and divided into small, thin, obovate wedge-shaped pinnules, which 180 ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. are somewhat pinnatifid in the upper half; the lobes tipped with two small acute teeth. Abundantly fertile. Found in Gleu Urquhart, in the Highlands, by Miss Me Innes. Fig. 624. — Frond. Variegatum, WoUaston. (Fig. 524.)— Found in Yorkshire and in Guernsey by the late Mr. C. Jackson. Very rare and beautiful. Normal in outline, and being striped unsymmetrically with white. Oblongum, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by the late Mr. C. Jackson. Rendered distinct from the parallelism of the sides of its fronds, which are narrow and oblonsr. Length of the frond, without the stipes, five inches, breadth at the base ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. 181 two inches. Pinnae brief, triangular, acuminate, ascending. The three or four basal pairs nearly equal in size. The subdivisions small. Fig. o2o. — Frond. SuBCONFLUENS, Stansfielil. (Fig. ^-y^b.) — A dwarf subconfluent form, found by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Length three inches. Elongate triangular in form, the pinnse scarcely divided, and very minutely serrated. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Fig. y2G.— Middle piunre. Incisum, Clapham. (Fig. 526.) — Found by Mr. Thompson, about 1859, between Whitby and Scarborough, and presented 183 ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. to Mr. A. Clapham. A dwarf ovate, or ovate-triangular, tri- pinnate variety. Pinnae brief, broad, the larger pinnules (and pinnae) of nearly a deltoid outline; cut into three secondary pinnules, the low lateral ones of which are obovate wedge- shaped, cut into numerous long acute teeth at the apex, the centre one largest. In some fronds the segments are linear. A plant and fronds have been kindly communicated by Mr, A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. Fig. 527. — Middle pinna. Fig. 528. — Lower pinna. Intermedium, Moore. (Figs. b'Zl and 528.) — Found at Barnstaple by the late Mr. C. Jackson, at Ilfracombe by Mr. J. Dadds, Ottery St. Mary by Mr. G. B. WoUaston, Nettlecombe by Sir "W. C. Trevelyan, Sandgate by ]Mr. S. O. Gray, Moffat by Mr. J. Anderson, Dublin by Mr. R. Barrington, Ballywilliam, Limerick, by Mrs. Barrington, Antrim by Mr. D. Moore, and at Guernsey and Jersey by the late Mr. C. Jackson. Large and lax. It has more elongated and less compound fronds, and the ultimate divisions are broader than in acutum. Fronds and pinnae caudate. Pinnules elongated and acuminate, yet without the linear segments. AcuTiDENTATTJM, Moove. — Found at Ilfracombe, Devonshire, by the Rev. J. M. Chanter, and near Nettlecombe, Somersetshire, by Mr. C. Elvvorthy. A lai-ge variety, having caudate divisions, and conspicuous linear-acute teeth, having narrower pinnas and ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. 188 broader lobes of tlie pinnules than acutum. Pinnules ovate- lanceolate, profoundly pinnatifid, the lobes narrowly oblong- cuneate. Sori crowded in the centre of the pinnules. FissuM, Moore. — Found at Combe Royal, near Kingsbridge, South Devonshire, by Miss Hoseason. Very inconstant in form, yet retaining the same general characters. Large. Fronds broadly ovate, occasionally oblong or ramose, or irregular. Usually tripinnate at the base of the pinnules, becoming more and more confluent in the upper parts. Pinnules large, coarse, irregularly developed, having a narrowed cuneate character below, more or less lobed upwards, lobes unequally cut into lengthy linear teeth. Sori confluent, elongate, and sometimes more than half an inch long. Fronds often caudate. The pinnules irregularly cut, and abnormal in appearance. Decompositum, Moore, (^Asplenium silesiacum of Milde.) — Found at Manaton, in Devonshire, by the Pev. J. M. Chanter. Quadripinnate. Pesembling acutum, except that the ultimate parts, though narrow, are rounded off and blunt, and the texture is more coriaceous. The absence of the linear seg- ments, and the blunt character of the few teeth, cause the form to be distinct. Obtusum, Moore. — A wide-spread variety, which is well represented by the figure 524 fvariegatum,J and therefore needs no illustration. 184 ADDENDA TO PAGES 171 AND 1" Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, " argutum, " obtusum. Jissum, Forsteri, incisum, multicaule, novum, Serpentini, humile, davallioides, lucidum. productum, patens. trichomanoides, acutum, TaracJiia obtusa. KuNZE. Lebeboub. Bbackenbidge. {Not of MiCHAUX.) Gaudichaud. KiTAIBEL. SaDLEE. PoIRET. Desvaux. Peesl. Pee. {Not of Mettentus.) WlMM. {Not o/ KiTAIBEL, PoIEET, Sadlee, Sprengel, Desvaux, or Fee.) Sadler. {Not of Kunze.) Opez. {Not of Thunbeeg, Swaetz, WiLLDENOW, PoIRET, SpBENGEL, Desvaux, or Kunze ) Scholtz. {Not of Peesl or Wallich.) Sadler. {Not of Kvtiz'E.) Tausch. Fee. {Not of Sprengel.) {Not of Hooker.) {Not of FORSTEE, SWARTZ, ScHKUHE, WiLLDENOW, PoiEET, SPEENGEL, Desvaux, Peesl, Kunze, Fee, HOOKEE, MeTTENIUS, Schlechtencal, or E. J. Lowe.) {Not of Peesl.) {Not of Kaulfuss, Hooker & Aenott, Speengel, Kunze, Beackeneidge, or Mettenius.) {Not of MicHAUx or Kunze.) Heward. Beackeneidge. Kaulfuss. Kunze. Smith. Peesl. A native also of Norway, Sweden, Albania, Mussoorie, Syria, Erzeroum, Guriel, Caucasus, Macedonia, Naples, Silesia, Boliemia, Saxony, the Canary Isles, and Mascaren Islands. Twenty varieties have been described, namely :- Acutidentatum, Moore Acutum, PoUini Decompositum, 3foore Depauperatum, Moore Edwardsii, Lowe Fissum, Moore . Flabellatum, Moore Grandiceps, Loice Incisum, Clap /tarn Intermedium, Moore . page 182 173 183 178 178 183 179 177 181 182 Leptorachis, Moore Microdon, Moore Oblonguni, Moore Obtusatum, Moore Obtusum, Moore Oxyphyllum, Moore Eamosum, Lowe Serratum, Stani>field Subconfluens, Moore Variegatum, WolJaston page 179 174 180 175 183 176 175 176 181 180 There are still five varieties that I have been unable to get a sight of, namely: — Attenuatum, Moore; crispaium, Moore; elongatum, Clapham; furcatum and laciniatum, Moore. -:s -a^V ^iV\\ i!»i «: f XLIV Fi>. 520.— Portion of mature Frond, under side. ASPLENIUM MARINUM. LlNN^US. The Sea Spleenwort. PLATE XLIV. Asplenium marinum. " Icetum, *' Tovarense, " trapezlforme, Adiantum trapeziforme, LiNN.s;us. Bolton. Smith. HOOKEK AND AeNOTT. DeAKIN. Mackay. Babington. Mooee. Newman. Bentham. Sowebby. SCHKUHE. WiLLDENOW. PrESL. Sprengel. Link. Mettenius. Fee. Heufleb. Nyhan. E. J. Lowe. Wollaston. SwAETZ. Desvadx. Kunze. HOET. Hoet. Hudson. Hudson. (The var. trapezifurme.) Asplenium — Spleenwort. Marinum — Of the sea. Abundant along the south-west coast of England and in Wales, growing in clefts and caves of rocks, and mostly by the sea-side. Common in Cornwall and Devonshire; occurring in Somer- setshire, Dorsetshire, Isle of Portland, Isle of Wight, Sussex, VOL. II. 2 B 186 ASPLENIUM MARINUM. Gloucestershire, (rare,) Cheshire, (at the mouths of the Mersey and Dee,) Lancashire near Warrington, and Newton, (both inland stations.) Yorkshire, (north of Scarborough,) Durham, and Northumberland, Westmoreland, Holy Island, Isle of Man, South Wales — common along the coast, Anglesea, Merioneth- shire, and Carnarvonshire. In Scotland — Kircudbrightshire, Wigtonshire, Ayrshire, Berwickshire, Edinburghshire, Fifeshire, Forfarshire, Kincardineshire, Aberdeenshire, Argyleshire, Ross- shire, Sutherlandshire, Isles of Bute, Arran, Islay, Mull, Jura, Cantyre, StaiFa, lona, and Skye; on Ailsa Craig, Orkney, Little Barve, Harris, and Shiant Isles. In Ireland — Down, Galway, Dublin, Kerry, Cork, Isle of Rathlin, Arran Isles, abundant along the coast of Connaught and Munster, and in Guernsey and Jersey. Also found in Spain, Portugal, France, Corsica, Italy, the Ionian Isles, Barbary, Tangiers; Madeira, Azores and the Canary Islands, St. Helena, New Holland, Rio Grande, New Brunswick, Bermuda, and North America. Caudex tufted and densely scaly. Stipes shorter than the frond, smooth, channeled in front, purplish brown, and terminal. Rachis margined, brown below, winged, and green above. Fronds usually six to twelve inches in length, including the stipites, occasionally less, and sometimes exceeding three feet; smooth, coriaceous, broadly linear, and tapering to the apex; pinnate. Pinnae oblong-ovate, or oblong, or linear; oblique, the anterior basal angle being most produced, obtuse, frequently almost equal in width throughout, usually an inch in length, the anterior base truncately rounded into an auricle, the inferior base cut away obliquely in a cuneate manner. The lowest pinnae stalked, the stalks being winged, the upper ones decurrent, and at length confluent, running together into a tapering pin- natifid apex. The margins doubly and unequally crenato-serrate. Veins forked from a flexuose midvein. Fructification spread over the back of the frond. Sori linear, oblique, indusiate, and usually situated on the anterior side of the venules. An evergreen species, of a deep shining green colour. Readily cultivated in a frame or cool greenhouse, and will grow well in a damp stove. It is soon killed by frost. ASPLENIUM MARINUM. 187 This Fern grows with remarkable luxuriance along the west coast of Ireland, in the County of Clare, where Mr. F. J. Foot, A.M., C.E., of the Geological Survey of Ireland, procured a number of fronds, larger, I believe, than were ever before found in the British Isles. In Burron, County of Clare, abundant all along the north coast as far as Harbour Hill, near Bally- vaughan, growing in the chinks or open joints of the limestone, attaining a length of three feet, and mostly exceeding two feet, varying considerably in the size and shape of the pinnae and sori, and closely resembling exotic ones, the Asplcfimm Icetum, for instance. Mr. Foot read a paper on the "Distribu- tion of Plants in Burron, County of Clare," at the Royal Irish Academy, in April, 1862, (see page 143, of vol. xxiv of the Transactions of this Society.) Few British Ferns make more interesting specimens under pot-culture. There are some very distinct varieties: — Fig. 530.— Middle piiiniE. SuBSERRATUM, Stunsjield. (Fig. 530.) — Fronds fifteen inches in length. Rachis and stipes ebeneous. Pinnae lax, narrow, and long, that is, linear-oblong, simple and auriculated, not cut, merely crenate or bicrenate, and minutely serrate at the tip of the denatures. Sori conspicuous. AssiMTLE, 3Ioore. — Found in the Channel Islands and at Galway. The fronds are from twelve to fifteen inches long, and 188 ASPLENIUM MARINUM. the pinnae two inches. It resembles acutum, differing in having coarse, deeply-serrated, rounded, crenately-dentate lobes. Fig. 531. — Middle pinnte. Parallelum, Moore. (Fig. 531.) — Found in Guernsey by M. Boistel. A large variety, the fronds attaining three feet in length. Pinnae somewhat distant, from two inches to two inches and a half long, and less than three eighths of an inch wide, nearly parallel-sided, the base cuneate, the margin coarsely but not profoundly crenate-serrate. The apex bluntish. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, for fronds. Fig. 532.— Pinna. Fig. o33. — Apex of Frond, SuB-BiPiNNATUM, Moorc. (Fig. 532.) — Found in a cave at Petit Bot Bay, Guernsey, by Mrs. Dobree, of the Forest, Guernsey; and also in Cornwall. A much-divided variety. Length of frond seven inches, breadth two inches and a half. Pinnffi distinct, their base obliquely cuneate, and profoundly ASPLENIUM MA.RINUM. 189 pinnatifid, and are more distant from the racliis than is usual with this species. The basal anterior lobes, (that is the largest,) are separated almost to the costa, these lobes being of a narroAv oval form; the margin indistinctly serrated. The remaining lobes shorter, yet narrow and deeply divided, having open spaces between them. I believe it is never fertile. Incisum, Moore. (Fig. 533.) — Found at Great Orme's Head by Mr. A. Stowe, and near Llangollen by the Rev. T. Rooper. A small pretty form, from six to nine inches in length. Pinnae only half an inch long, very obliquely semi-ovate, truncate, and the anterior base auricled, and having usually three deep incisions along the anterior margin, blunt ended, the posterior side narrow, having a few profound lobes. Sori large and few, mostly situated at the anterior edge of the lobes. Fig. 534.— Base, BiCRENATUM, Stansfield. (Fig. 534.)— A dwarf form from Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Length six inches. The two basal pairs of pinnse distant, the others approximate, touching each other. The margin is bicrenate. To Messrs. Stansfield I am indebted for fronds. 190 ASPLENIUM MARINUM. PuLCHRUM, 3Ioore. — Found on rocks on the bank of the River Dart, near Totness, by Mr. C. Scott. Not unlike ramosum in appearance, yet less marked in character. Dwarf, not exceeding eight inches in length. Pinnae brief, oblong- obtuse, truncate, indistinctly auricled, doubly crenate on the margin, and in mature plants the primary crenatures are so deep as to become sublobate. Fig. 535.— Middle portion. Fig. 53(5.— Apex. AcuTUM, Moore. (Figs. 535 and 536.) — Fronds two feet long, lax, being distantly pinnate. Pinnae broadest at the base, and one inch and a half long. The anterior margin auricled, and the posterior side cuneate. The pinnae gradually narrowing to the apex, which is sharp-pointed. Crenate. Having more acute pinnae than in the normal form. In the basal half of the frond the pinnae are shorter, and very variable in shape; in the upper half, except at the apex, longer and narrower. Pinnae simple. Stipes ebeneous. Found in Jersey and in Guernsey by the late Mr. C. Jackson; Plymouth Hoe by Mr. J. Barker; Dartmouth Castle and Croyde, in Devonshire, by the Pev. J. P. Chanter. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield's fronds. ASPLENIUM MARINUM. 191 CuNEATUM, 3Ioo7'e. — Found in Hulnie stone quarry, Winwick, near Warrington, Lancashire, by Mr. T. G. Rylands. Distinct, from its brief, blunt, oblique, trapeziform pinnre, and from its small, even, deep, rounded crenatures along the margin of the pinnse. It is not unlike ramosum in general outline, yet strikingly distinct in its dentation. '^:^ Fig. 537.— Frond reduced. Variabile, Monlcman. (Fig. 537.) — This is a singular vari- tion of the trapeziform type, and like it grows erect, and is of dwarf habit. Very dark shining green. Found amongst a batch of seedlings (from the Scarborough district) given to Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton, by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough; a precisely similar form was also found by Mrs. Charles Monkman in the summer of 1865, growing high up among the rocks 192 ASPLENIUM MARINUM. above the caves at Kynance Cove, near the Lizard, on the Devon coast, as well among the granite boulders as in the fissures of the multi-coloured Serpentine. About one third ramose, the pinnae being irregularly shortened, or reduced, and frequently wanting. No two fronds alike. A variable ramose form, in which the pinnte differ much in size and shape, and in which the frond sometimes branches and re-branches several times. Length of frond eight inches, width, across the ramose apex, (tvhen most ramose,) about four inches. The illustration is an exaggerated form sent by ]Mr. Monkman. Fig. 538. — Middle pinna. Fig. 539.— Base. Laxum, Lowe. (Figs. 538 and 539.) — Found in the Burron, County Clare, by INIr. F. J. Foot, of the Geological Survey of Ireland. Length of frond from two to three feet, pinnse very lax, especially on the lower part of the frond. Stipes and rachis very ebeneous. Not unlike Asplenium Icetum in general appearance. The basal pinnae an inch apart and smallest at the base, gradually becoming larger to about five inches below the apex, and then slightly narrowing. Scarcely auricled, only shewing traces of this appendage, triangular-elongate near the base, and linear-oblong from the centre of the frond upwards. Simple, with a shallow serrated margin. My thanks are due to Mr. Foot for fronds. y^ ASPLENIUM MARINUM, Var. Interruptum. XLV A. MARINUM, Var. Ramos^im. ASPI.ENIUM MAllTNUM. 193 Interruptum, Moore. (Plate XLV. — A.) — I received this form frona Messrs. Stansfield, of the Vale Nursery, Todmorden. It differs in its interrupted character, the pinnje being very various in size and shape. Some elongate-triangular, others elongate-ovate, one pinna being four times the size of the next pinna, and so on. My thanks are due to Messrs, Stansfield for a frond. Ramosum, Wollasto7i. (Plate XLV.— B.)— Found in 1850, in Dorsetshire, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston, and very distinct. A dwarf Fern, with broad short pinn?e, the basal ones triangular, and as broad as they are long, towards the apex narrower, and slightly elongated, or elongate-triangular. Pinnge cuneate at their base, with an irregular undulate or broadly crcnate margin; the ultimate pinna branching either in the rachis or stipes, and becoming twin-fronded. Sori abundant and con- spicuous. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. V\'J. 540 — Base. Fig. 541. — Apex. Trapeziforme, Clapham. (Figs. 540 and 541.) — Found at Scarborough by Mr. A. Clapham, (the locality, Cloughton Bay, I believe is now destroyed by the falling of the cliffs;) Salcombe, near Kingsbridge, Devonshire, by Mr. T. G. Carter; Torquay, Mr. C. Smith; St. Just, Cornwall, Mr. G. Maw; and in County Down, Mr. Macreight. A dwarfish variety of robust habit. Fronds leathery in texture, and VOL II. 2 c 194 ASPLENIUM MARINUM. deep green in colour. Pinnae brief, rounded but hardly auricled, at the truncate anterior base the lower ones deflexed, trapeziforrae, the rest often imbricated. Usually crenately toothed. I am indebted to Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough, for plants. Fig. 542.— Apex. Fig. 543.— Frond. Caudatum, Clapham. (Fig. 542.) — Raised from spores bv Mr. A. Clapham, of Eamsdale Bank, Scarborough. A dwarf form. Fronds six or eight inches in length. Pinna3 narrow, giving the frond a somewhat lax appearance. Auriculated, except near the apex, though usually inconspicuously so, irreg- ularly toothed. The frond terminating in a long caudate or tail-like apex. I am indebted to Mr. Clapham for fronds. Imbricatum, Lowe. (Fig. 543.) — A dwarf form. Length six inches. Raised from spores by Mr. Clift, of Balsall Heath, Birmingham, and now in my possession. The pinna? are ASPLENITJM MARINUM. 195 oblong-ovate, with a small basal auricle; with this exception they are uncut on the margin, merely being minutely serrate. The pinnae are placed so close to each other that they overlap fully one half of their width, and are consequently very much imbricated; the basal pinnre are descending, and the remainder slightly ascending; they also arch forwards, so as to place the stipes in a hollow between the row of pinnse on either side. The frond is equal in width to near the apex, where it rapidly contracts to a blunt decurrent ultimate pinna. Rachis and stipes hirsute. A very distinct form. Fig. 544. — Frond reduced. Ramo-trapezifoeme, Clapliam. (Fig. 544.) — Found by Mr. A. Clapham at Burniston, near Scarborough. A beautiful dwarf multifid variety. The pinnae small and roundish-trapeziform, usually sharply dentate. Branching at the top of the stipites, or half-way up the rachides, or near 196 ASPLENIUM MARINUM. the apex, and the branches dichotomously forked or twice dichotomous. Mr. Moore describes one frond in his "Nature Printed British Ferns," which has the rachis divided about two thirds up; below the ramification are eight small pinnae, the rachis then divides into five branches of an inch in length, forming a spreading apex two inches and a half broad, and one of these branches is furcate. Fig. 545.— Lower pinna. Fig. 54G.— Middle portion. TiiOMPSONiiE, Loice. (Figs. 545 and 546.) — This very distinct Fern was found, I believe, in Devonshire, by the late Mr. C. Jackson, and is now in the possession of Mrs. Thompson, of South Lawn, Exeter, being one of a number of very fine varieties of British Ferns in the possession of Mrs. Thompson, The length is fourteen inches, being widest at the base, and very gradually naiTowing to the apex. The pinna; are alternate, narrow and long, and very conspicuously auricled, especially so in the basal pinnje; the superior margin is crenate-serrate and biden- tate, yet not deeply divided; the inferior margin, on the contrary, is very deeply cut into narrow segments, some of the basal ones being even stipitate with the costa, and as these segments are more or less at right angles to the costa, the plant has a much laciniated appearance in a regular manner. Stipes and rachis ebeneous. I am indebted to Mrs. Thompson for fronds of this very beautiful variety. ASPLENIUM MARIN UM. 197 Fis- o47.— Frond reduced. MuLTiFiDO-iRREGULARE, Loioe. (Fig. 547.)-Fronds of medium size. The pinnse very irregular in size and form, some divided in the basal portion to the base so as to become lobate, others merely conspicuously biserrate; the two basal pairs opposite, then about four pairs opposite, above which subopposite. Some of the pinn^ are no larger than the lobes of other pinnffi. The apex of the frond multifid. 198 ASPLENIUM MARTNUM. Nineteen out of the twenty varieties have been described, the only one I have been unable to procure a sight of being caudiceps of ]\Ioore. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF THE VARIETIES. Acutum, Moore . page 190 Parallelum, J\Ioore . page 188 Assimile, Moore 187 Pulclirum, Moore 190 Bicreiiatum, Stanxfield 189 Eamosum, Wollaston 193 Caudatum, ClapJiam 194 Eamo-trapeziforme, Clapham 195 Cuneatum, Moore 191 Subserratum, Stansjield 187 Imbricatum, Lowe . 194 Sub-bipinnatum, Moore . 188 Interruptum, Moore . 193 Thonipsonire, Loice 196 Incisum, Moore 189 Trapeziforme, ClapJiam , 193 Laxum, Loioe 192 Variabile," Monk man 191 Multifido-irregulare, Lowe 197 $0^4^^ LENIUM TRICHO MANES. XL VI Fiff. 548.— Portion of mature Frond of variety Incisum. ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. LlNN^US. Tlie Maidenhair Sioleenwort. PLATE XLVI. Aftplenium tricliomanes, LiNNiEus. Bolton. Smith. HOOKEE AND AkNOTT. BaBINGTON. Bentham. Newman. Mackay. Deakin. Moore. Soweeby. SCHKUHE. WiLLDENOW. LiNK. Spbengel. Sadlee. Koch. Feies. Ledebotje. Pkesl. Fee. A. Geay. Mettenius. Heuflee. Nyman. Pappe and Rawson. soo ASPLENIUM TKTcrrOMANKS. Asplenium tricJtomanes, adiantum-nigrum, dichroum, elacJiophyUiim, melanocaulon, microphyllum, Neivmani, saxatile, tricliomanoides. " Harovi'i, TricJiomancs crenata, Phyllitis rotundifolia. E. J. Lowe. Opiz. Wollaston. ScHKUHE. Hudson. Svensk. MiCHAUX. SOWERBY. {Not o/'Thunbeeg or Solander.) LuMNITZ, {Not of SWARTZ, PrESL, WiLLDENOw, Moore, BotTox, E. J. Lowe, Etc.) Kunze. Presl. Mueller. WiLLDENOW. SpRENGEL. PrESL. Link. Fee. Poiret. Kunze. LlEBMANN. {Not of PffiPPIG.) TiNCO. BoLLE. Salisbury. Gray. Weber and Mohr. "Withering. LlGHTFOOT. DeSTAUX. {Not o/MicHAUX or Kunze.) GODEICH. GiLIBERT. Mcench. Asplenium — Spleenwort. Trichom ones — Maid en-liair. An exceedingly pretty rupestral species, found growing on ruins, rocks, and walls, at all elevations from the sea level up to two thousand feet, and most abundant in the west of England. A very common Fern, found in nearly every part of England, being most rare in the eastern counties. A native also of "Wales, the Isle of Wight, in Scotland from north to south, Orkney, Ireland, and the Channel Isles. Abroad it is in Scandinavia, Russia, Siberia, France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, Greece, Persia, Hungary, Sicily, Corsica, Dalmatia, Croatia, Transylvania, Crimea, the Islands of Madeira, Azores and Cape de Verd; Algeria, KafFraria, Caucasus, the Ural Mountains, Altai, Baikal, Tauria, Broussa, Karabagh, the Himalaya Mountains, Kashmir, Kunawar, Kumaon, Affghanistan, Bhotan, Simla, Luddak, the Sandwich Islands, Canada, Nootka Sound, the United States, Mexico, New Mexico, Venezuela, Peru, Columbia, Tarapota, Jamaica, Cuba, Australia, Paramatta, and Tasmania. ASPLENIUM TRICnOMANES. 201 Ml*. W. Andrews, of Dublin, has found examples in the west of Ireland; and Mr. R. Barrington others from Galway that are of great size, more than a foot long, having pinnae half an inch long and a quarter of an inch broad, and about thirty pairs of pinnae on each frond. This Fern is not the easiest of our British species to cultivate in pots. It succeeds best in a compost of porous loamy soil, lumps of sandstone, and lime from old walls. An excess of moisture is fatal to it, nevertheless with proper drainage I have found plunging the pots in leaf-soil is the most successful treatment. AVhen planted in sandy peat or leaf-mould, Mr. G. B. Wollaston has found the plants did not flourish. Planted on rock-work, where it can take its natural position, and its roots can penetrate between the crevices, its beauty is shewn to perfection. The fronds are linear and pinnate; the pinnae usually roundish-oblong, obliquely wedge-shaped at the base, and crenated, yet variable in form. The stipes short, smooth, and brown, rounded behind and flat in front, terminal, and adherent to the rhizoma. Rachis dark brown also. Caudcx short and tufted. The fronds vary from two to eighteen inches in length. Pinnae deep green, blunt at the apex, scarcely stalked. Veins forking from a midvein, and terminating within the margin. The fructification distributed over the frond. Sori linear, oblique, numerous, indusiate, eventually confluent. This Fern has some general resemblance to Asplenium viride. There are several varieties, a portion of which are singularly distinct. Incisum, Moore. (Fig. 548.) — Found in Devonshire by the Rev. W. S. Hore; Kent Clough, near Burnley, Lancashire, by IMr. S. Gibson; in Burrowdale, Cumberland, by Miss Wright. It is also said to have been found in Jersey, and in County Clare. In 1860, Mr. Edmund Thomas Higgins, of No. 18, Kingsdown Parade, Bristol, found a plant near Pyle, in Gla- morganshire, which in 1862 was noticed to bear fertile fronds, though sparingly. One of the most beautiful and rare of British Ferns. The fronds are pinnate, and of the ordinary VOL. II. 2D g02 ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. outline. The pinnae are somewhat triangular, with acute apices, profoundly pinnatifid, the segments narrow-oblong, or elliptic, mostly acute and irregularly and profoundly serrated, the larger ones often lobate. This variety has always been considered as barren, but recently I have received fertile fronds from Mr. Higgins' plant, and this, I think, is the only instance of the plant being known to be fertile. Length of frond four to six inches. My thanks are due to Mr. Joseph Henderson, of Wentworth, for fronds gathered from an excellent specimen in Earl Fitzwilliam's magnificent collection of Ferns. r-:?)s« r^'i Fig. 549.— Frond. Fig. 550.— Upper portion. R.AMOSUM, Wollaston. (Fig. 549.) — Found in Devonshire, at Newte's Hill, near Tiverton, and, somewhat abundantly, near ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. 203 Ilfracombe, by Mrs. Chanter; in Ireland, on Quin Abbey, County Clare, by Dr. Kinahan; near Windermere by Mr. F. Clowes; near Keswick by Miss Wright; and in Owsnip Gill, Swaledale, by INIr. Robert C. Brown, of Nottingham. A much- branched variety. The rachis is two or three times forked, and the apical lobes often enlarged and bifid or multifid. The pinnse are not unfrequently irregular or depauperate, and as often conspicuously crenate. The illustration is from Mr. Brown's frond. BiruRCUM, Wollasto7i. (Fig. 550.) — Found near Maidstone by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; on the wall of Hoddam Kirkyard, in Dumfriesshire, by Mr. W. G. Johnstone; and in Owsnip Gill, Swaledale, by Mr. Robert C. Brown, of Nottingham. Its peculiarity consists in having the apical lobe dilated, and two or three times forked. My thanks are due to Mr. Brown for a plant and fronds. Fig, 551.— Apex. Fig. 552.— Apex. Katastakton, Loioe. (Fig. 551.) — An imbricated variety raised from spores at Highfield House. Pinnae equal in size, except »ear the base and apex, ovate, with somewhat cuneate base, indistinctly crenate, and imbricated, usually more so than the illustration. Length of frond two to three inches. Racimosum, Loive. (Fig. 552.)— I have three fronds of this Fern sent to me by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, under the name of hifurcum, but it is obviously distinct from that variety. It is more dwarf. The pinnae are smaller, and the crested heads of the furcate apex are very compact and leafy. 204 ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. Fig .553-Fi-oiid. Fig. 554. — Frond. AcROCLADON, Loice. (Fig. 553.) — Found a year ago in Owsnip Gill, Swaledale, by Mr. Robert C. Brown, of Nottingham. A very distinct variety, with fronds about six inches in length. The pinnae very distant and small. The four basal pinnse ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. 205 have the opposite pinnae wanting, above which are about five pairs of lax pinnae, which are subopposite, ovate, with a cuneate base and a rounded dentate apex. An inch beh)w the apex of the frond the rachis divides into three branches, and these again divide, and each terminates in a Large ultimate pinna, forming a compact, but not crowded head, of more than an inch across. My thanks are due to INIr. Brown for this plant and fronds. CoRYMBiFERUM, Loive. (Fig. 554.) — Found at Owsnip Gill, in Swaledale, by Mr. Robert C, Brown, of Nottingham. Length of frond six inches. A normal and coarsely crenated form, except that an inch and a half below the apex the stem is frequently naked, above which the rachis branches, and in place of the ultimate pinna there are on each fork two or more connected (and therefore double) large dilated pinnae, or quite divided dilate pinnae, forming a corymbiferous head. My thanks are due to Mr. Brown for this plant and fronds. Fig. 555. — Base. Fig. 556. — Middle pinna;. Serratum, Stansjield. (Fig. 555.) — Found in County Clare, in 1863, by Mr. A. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Length of frond five inches, width half an inch. Pinnae elongate-oblong, approximate, and serrated on the margin. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Serratum-major, Lowe. (Fig. 556.) — A large form found in 1865, at Shaw Bridge, Devon, by Mr. W. Edwards, of 206 ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. Nuthall. Length of frond eleven inches, width one inch and a quarter; about twenty-two pairs of pinnge. Pinnae lax and unusually large, coarsely serrated, and occasionally dilated or bifid at the extreme tip of the frond. The illustration was forAvarded by Mr. W. Edwards, of Nuthall. Fig. 557.— Middle portion. Fig. 558.— Middle portion. Fig. 559. — Apex. Incisum-laciniatum, 3Ioore. (Fig. 557.) — Found in County Clare, Ireland, in I860, by Mr. A. Stansfield, of Vale Nursery, Todmorden. Length of frond three inches. A distinct laciniate form of incisum. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield, for fronds. LoBATUM, Moore. (Fig. 558.) — Found in Devonshire by the E.ev. J. M. Chanter, and a dwarf form at Ottery St. Mary by Mr. G. B. Wollaston, of Chiselhurst. A large variety, bearing some resemblance to crenato-lohatum ; the peculiarity consisting in the pinnte (especially in the centre of the frond) having at their base two deeply-divided broad obovate lobes, the lowest one sometimes separated almost to the midrib. A large form of this Fern was found at Shaw Bridge, Devon, by Mr. Smith, gardener to the Rev. Charles Padley, of Beaconfield, Plymouth. The illustration is from this frond. SuBJEQUALE, Moove. (Fig. 559.) — Found originally on the banks of the Wye by Mr. J. D. Enys; and more recently at Knaresborough, Yorkshire, by Mr. A. Clapham; Whitbarrow, in Westmoreland, by Mr. F. Clowes; at Nettlecombe, Somer- ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. 207 setshire, by Mr. C. Ehvoithy; and at Tunbridge AVells, in Kent, by Mrs. Delves. A handsome form. The fronds are sometimes narrowed and elongated, with the pinnte distinct; sometimes broad and shorter, with large crowded pinnae. Differing in a remarkable degree in having the pinnae equal- sided at the base, the costa and the attachment being central. The iipper pinnae are oblong, the lower ones more frequently obtusely-deltoid, the margins being either slightly sinuated, forming a gently waving line, or deeply crenate-dentate, fre- quently elegantly crenated. I am indebted to Mr. Elworthy and to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Fig. 560. — Upper portion. Fig. 561. — Upper portion. CoNFLUENS, 3Ioore. (Fig. 560.)— Found at Levens, Milnthorpe, in November, 1865, by Mr. George Stabler, of Levens. Length of frond three inches. A strikingly-distinct form, having crowded 208 ASri-ENIUM TRICIIOMANES. overlapping pinna3, and a conspicuous confluent apex, hence its appropriate name. For the illustration my thanks are due to Mr. Stabler. Cristatum, IVollaston. (Fig. 561.) — Made known by Mrs. Delves, of Tunbridge Wells, having sprung up in a mass of Hyme7io2)hyllum tmilaterale which she received from the Glasgow Botanic Gardens. A pretty Fern, not uncommon in cultivation, of vigorous growth, and easily reproduced by spores. The apex of the frond spreads out into a handsome symmetrical tuft or tassel, and this ramification is confined to the apex of the rachis. Length about three or four inches. Fig. 502. — Apex. Fig. 5G3.— Middle portion. MuLTiFiDUM, Moore. (Fig. 562.)— Found at St. Mary's Isle, Kircudbright, by Mr. Dick, and distributed by Mr. J. McNab, from the Edinburgh Botanic Gardens; and lately near Capel Curig, in North Wales, by Mr. S. Clift, of Dalgam. A free-growing interesting form, readily reproduced by spores. The fronds are twice or three times ramosely forked in the rachis considerably below the apex, and the apices of all the branches are dilated and multifid-crisped, forming spreading tufts on the irregular branches. I am indebted to Mr. Clift, of Balsall Heath, near Birmingham, for the illustration. ASPLENIUM TRICHOMAMES. 209 CoRNUTO-RAMOSUM, Loive. (Fig. 563.) — A singular variety found near the Clifton Suspension Bridge by Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall, in 1865. Length of frond six inches. Two inches above the base the rachis divides into two branches, and in the centre of this forking is a cornute projection. The rachis is flexuose, and the one branch is shorter and more slender than the other, with much smaller pinnae, and a larger decurrent ultimate pinna of half the size of the branch. The pinnre are lax two or three below the forking, naked imme- diately above the forking, above which alternate to the apex. The pinnas vary in size and form, mostly very long and narrow, and auriculate and serrated. Some are cuneate, and a small portion depauperate. The ultimate pinna dilate and bifid. My thanks are due to Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall, for fronds. Fig. 564.— Frond. Fiff. 5G5. — Frond. Harovii, Moore. (Fig. 564.) — This variety was forwarded to me by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, who had received it from Mr. G. B. AVollaston, and recently a plant nearly identical has come up from spores in my Fernery. A dwarf slender form, with numerous narrow small pinnse of an elongate- ovate form. Length of frond two to three inches. VOL. II. 2 E 210 ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. Ramo-depauperatum, Clapham. (Fig. 565.) — Raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. Resembling depauperatum, except that the rachis divides either near the base or higher up into several branches, and these branches sub-divide, forming an irregular tuft of branchlets varying in number from six to twelve, and most depauperate in these branchlets. The apices of the different portions have dilated obtuse lobes which are almost crispy. Fig. 566.— Apex. Fig. 567.— Frond. Biceps, Lowe. (Fig. 566.) — A variety raised by Mr. Mapplebeck, late of Woodfield, Moseley, near Birmingham, and said to be quite constant. Length six to eight inches. Pinnse approximate, ovate, and minutely crenate. Branching an inch ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. 211 below the apex, and again branching near the tip into two or three large decurrent ultimate pinnae. My thanks are due to Mr. Mapplebeck, for fronds. Interruptum, Clapham. (Fig. 567.) — A pretty variety. Distinct, from the interrupted character of its pinnae, which are variously formed, some crenate and others laciniate. Sometimes three fourths of the frond will be normal, in others scarcely a single pinna; the pinnse either absent or depauperated, the few larger ones very narrow and deeply divided, the apex caudate. Length of frond eight inches. I am indebted to Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough, for a plant. ^^ d^ 51 the margin, with small uneven teeth, sometimes inciso-lobate, with the lobes pointing forwards. Stipitcs densely hair-scaly. Veins and sori very oblique, forming an acute angle with the costa. Sori small, crowded, and almost naked. The upper surface finely striate. Fig. 620. Fig. C21. Fig. G22. SixuATO-MULTiFiDUM, PacUcij, MSS. (Fig. 622.) — Found in North Devon, by the Rev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, near 252 SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. Plymouth, A fine form, with undulate fronds and a tortuose branching apex. My thanks are due to Mr. Padley for the illustration. Fis G23. Undulato-ramositm, Loire. (Fig. 623.) — Found by Mr. Moly in Devonshire. A fine variety, of large size. The fronds undulate, with a large, much-branched, leafy, and undulate apex. I am indebted to the K,ev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, for fronds. SCOLOPEXDRTUM VULGARE. 253 Fig 624. Fig. 625. UxDULATO-coNTRACTX^M, Loioe. (Figs. 624 and Q'Ub.) — Found in Devonshire by the late Mr. C. Jackson. An irregular form of the marginatum group, only partially and irregularly mar- 254 SCOr.OPENDRIUM VULGARE. ginate. Undulate and irrea^ular in its outline, sometimes contracted in tlic centre of the frond, and at others at the apex. ^ V Fig. (;26. Fig. G27 Fig. 628. MuRicATo-MARGiNATUM, Padlcy , 3ISS. (Fig. 626.) — Found by Mrs. Thompson, of South Lawn, Exeter, near Netherton, Sir Edmund Prideaux's seat. A similar plant was found in SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. 255 North Devon by the Rev. C. Paclley, of Beaconfield, near Plymouth, in which the fronds run out at the apex to a very sharp point; and a third plant found near Ilfracombe by Mr. Dadds. It is a marginate and muricate form, the margin being finely fimbriated. The illustration is from Mrs. Thompson's frond. Undulato-lobatum, 3Ioore. {Crisjnimnmltifidum of Gar- dens.) (Fig. 627.) — A form of undulatum, with the apex of the frond several times forked, the branches spreading, and forming a head of curly segments. Found at Littlehampton, in Sussex, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston, of Chiselhurst; in Guernsey by Mr. J. James, of Vauvert; Whitbarrow, Westmoreland, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; and Littleham, in Devonshire, by the Bev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield. The varieties vary somewhat from the different localities. The illustration is from Mr. Padley's j)lant. Bamusculum, Lowe. (Fig, 628.) — Found in Devonshire by Mr. W. Edwards, of Nuthall, Nottinghamshire. Somewhat undulate, with a lobate base, and a small, thick, leafy, multitid apex. The illustration is from Mr. Edwards' frond. Fig. G29.— (Edwardsii, page 24G.) Fiff. 630. Phyli.olophyron, Lotce. (Fig. 613, page 246.) — Found in Devonshire by Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall, Nottinghamshire. A 256 SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. rather dwarf, handsome form. Branching at the base in the stipes, and branching and re-branching two or three times along the frond. A wide-spread very broad head. The illustration is from Mr. Edwards' fronds. Proliferum, IVollasfon. (Fig. 630.) — A singular monstrosity, which was raised from spores by Mr. Wollaston, of Chiselhurst. It is of the marginatum group, dwarf, scarcely three inches in length, and usually the lamina only one inch long, and from three to five eighths of an inch wide, mostly oblong, sometimes cornute, profoundly and irregularly marginate; the excurrent membrane so very much developed, that the frond appears as if split in two edgewise on either side of the costa. The upper surface of the frond irregularly verrucose. It bears no sori, but on the surface of the frond are little bulbils, which ultimately form small plants resembling the parent. Occasionally the fronds are wholly stipes and costa, without any leafy portion, and these taper and are pointed like an awl. My thanks are due to ^Nlr. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe, for a plant. Fis. «31. Fig. 632. Spirale, 3Ioore. (Fig. 631.) — One of the crispum series, found in Guernsey by Mr. J. James, of Vauvert; and at Nailsworth, Gloucestershire, by Mrs. Campbell. A singular distinct form. Length of frond three to five inches, and about an inch wide. The basal part undulate, becoming twisted towards the apex in the manner of a corkscrew. My thanks are due to Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Cannon Mills Lodge, Edinburgh, for a plant. S C O LOP E N D HI U M V 'J LG AilE, V U L G A jR i. SCOl.OPENDRIUM VULGARE. 257 Elworthii, Moore. (Fig. 032.) — Raised from spores by IMr. C. Ehvorthy, of Nettlecombe. A singular, dwarf, ramose-flabellate variety. Length of frond two inches, exclusive of the stipites, and three inches wide. The fronds consist of three branches, one of which is three times divided, the branches being flabellate, deeply cut, with undulating imbricated lobes. Slightly marginate. The fronds form a dense mass of lobatc, dentate, flm-shaped, wavy divisions. My thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy for a plant of this variety. SuBMARGiNATUM, Wulhiston. (PLite LII — A.) — A not un- common form, found in Ireland by Dr. Allchin; in Guernsey by the late Mr. C. Jackson and Mr. J. James; at Sunderland by Mr. J, Fairbridge; at Castle Howard, Yorkshire, by Mr. C. Monkman; at Settle by jNlr. A. Clapham; at Doncaster by Mr. S. Appleby; at Malham by Mr. A. Stansfield; at Mowthorpe Dale, Coxwold, and Kivaulx Abbey, Yorkshire, by Mr. C. ]Monkman; at Worksop, Nottinghamshire, by Mr. S. Ajipleby; at Ilfracombe by the Rev. J. M. Chanter; at Littlehampton by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; at Hastings by Mr. S. F. Gray; at Glanville's Wootton, Dorsetshire, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; in the Isle of Wight by Mr. R. Bloxam; at Castle Malgwyn, Pembrokeshire, by Mr. W. Hutchison; and at Southerndown, Glamorganshire, by Mr. T. H. Thomas. The fronds are only here and there furnished with the excurrent marginate mem- brane. Normal in size, from eighteen to twenty-four inches in length. Sometimes furcate or multifid, the margins crenate- lobate. Copiously soriferous beneath, and also suprasoriferous. The illustration is from Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton. JuGOSUM, Moore. (Plate LII — B.) — One of the murieatum group. Found in Guernsey by Mr. J. James, of Vauvert; at Barnstaple by the late Mr. Jackson; and at Ottery St. Mary by Mr. G. W. Wollaston. Distinguished by the thickening of the veins which bear sori, and producing a series of herbaceous ridges or sorus-like excrescences on the upper surface, oa the opposite side to the sori. Length of frond twelve to fourteen inches. The illustration was sent by Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton. VUL. II. 2 L 258 SCOI.Ol^EXDRlUM VUI.GARE. Lentonense, Lowe. (Fig. 633.) — Raised here from spores. Irregularly cut along the margin, with here and there extended lobes. Undulate. Near the apex flat and almost normal, and here alone fertile, the spore-cases being narrow. Fia;. G33. Fiff. fi34. Fte. 635. MuRTCATUM, 3Ioore. (Fig. 634.)— Found in Guernsey by Mr. J. James, of Vauvert; at Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthy; and in the Isle of 'Wight by Mr. E. Bloxam. The fronds normal in size, coriaceous, base cordate, apex attenuate, the SCOLOl'EXDKIUM VULGARE. 259 margin somewhat, crcnately-lobed or sinuous, here and there partially crenate. The upper surface of the frond is striately furrowed, the tissue being depressed between the veins, pro- ducing parallel farrows. On the veins are abundant elevated points spread over the whole frond, ^ly thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy for a plant. AiKMOTON, Loice. (Fig. 635.) — Raised from spores by the Rev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, near Plymouth. A very distinct variety, combining many distinct characters. Marginate, forked or branched, and suprasoriferous. The margin of the frond distinctly divided to the inarginatum-like belt, and these lobes crenate or dentate on their margin. The illustration is from ^Ir. Padley's fronds. Fig. 636. ToRTUoso-cRisTATUM, Lowe. (Fig- 636.) — A magnificent variety, raised here from spores of diyitatwm. Length of frond ten inches. Half a dozen fronds Avill form a bush twelve inches across. It is a much-branched variety, densely crested, and is singularly distinct, from being everywhere exceedingly twisted. 260 SCOLOPEXDKIllM VULGARE. Fig. 637 Fig. 638. Ptyoides, Lowe. (Fig. 637.) — Found in Devonshire by Mr, W. Edwards, of Nuthall, Nottinghamshire. Length eight inches. Base truncate. A frond of thick substance, here and there split to the midrib. From the centre of the frond the midrib branches, and each branch again branches. The upper half of the frond is much laciniated. Veins distinct and club-headed below the branching half of the frond, but on the branching portion indistinct. My thanks are due to Mr. Edwards for the plant from which the illustration is taken. Crisptjm-grandidens, Lowe. (Fig. 638.) — A remarkable sport of crispum, found in North Wales by Mr. Clift, of Balsall Heath, Birmingham, and now in my possession. It resembles s(:oi.orE>;i)RiL'M vulgare. 261 crisptni), except that it is also split quite to the midrib. The base is wide, and overlapping, with crisped lobes. Fig. 63;>. Fiff. 640. DiVERGEKS, Muorc. (Fig. 639.) — Found at Nettlecombe by- Mr. C. Elworthy. A singular variety, with fronds three inches in height, excluding the stipites; their base being normal, near the apex the fronds divide into two wide-spread branches, the breadth at the top being five inches. The branches lobate or multifid-tipped. The lower margin is normal, but the upper one is contracted and dentate. Sparingly fertile on the normal portion of the lobes. I am indebted to Mr. Elworthy for a plant. Cliftii, Lowe. (Fig. 640.) — Found in North Wales by Mr. 262 SCOLOPENDRIUM VTJLGARE. Clift, of Balsall Heath, Birmingham, and now in my possession. One half the length of the frond is naked, the leafy portion coriaceous and narrow, with a smooth even margin. The frond terminating in a large compact multifid head, very leafy, and uncut on the margins. Length twelve inches. Sori sparingly distributed. Fig. G41. Patulum, Loice. (Fig. 641.) — A very large form of ramosum found at Littleham, Devonshire, by the Rev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, near Plymouth. The rachis branches in the middle of the frond, and each of these branches divides repeatedly. Undulate. My thanks are due to the Rev. C Padley for the frond illustrated. sroLorENDRiuM vrr.n.vRK. 263 U FiS. G42. Fiff. fi43. FiMBRiATUM, AUchiii. (Fig. 64'2.) — Found in Guernsey by Dr. Allchin. A distinct form of the marginatum section, with two kinds of fronds. The broader fronds are six to nine inches long, and three quarters of an inch wide; the base contracted and truncate, frequently with small separate lobes, the margins irregularly fimbriated, crenate-lobatc, with the lobes undulated and crenate. Sori mostly exterior to the excurrent membrane. The narrower fronds are nine to twelve inches long, and only a quarter of an inch widej so narrow is the leafy portion, that on either side it is only of the same width as the rachis itself: its margins are finely fimbriated. My thanks are due to Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Cannon ]Mills Lodge, Edinburgh, for a plant. Variabile, JVollaston. (Fig. 643.) — Found in Guernsey by 264 SCOLOPENDRTUM VUI.GARF. Dr. Allchin and the late Mr. C. Jackson; at Ilfracombc by the Rev. J. M. Chanter and Mr. J. Dadds; at Barnstaple by the late Mr. C. Jackson; at Nettlecombe, Somersetshire, by Mr. C. Elworthy; at Littlehampton, Sussex, by Mr. G. B. WoUaston; and near Preston by Mr. A. Stansfield. A coarse-growing variety, with variable fronds both in form and size. Sometimes more or less normal, with an unequal cordate base, below Avhich is a reniform lobe or branch. Some fronds are normal, except being branched in the stipes, near the base, or near the apex. Sometimes abbreviated and abrupt. Sometimes abbreviated and terminating in two overlapping lobes. Sometimes the margin is very unequally divided, occasionally quite to the midrib, the divisions forming rounded lobes. The base is mostly unequal, and having a lobe of one or two inches in length formed there. In some the stipes is divided. Occasionally branched. The plants invariably have the distinct basal reniform branch either stalked or sessile. Copiously soriferous. The illustration is from Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton. Fig. 644, Unilaterale-ramosum, Lowe. (Fig. 644.J — Found by Mrs. Thompson, of South Lawn, Exeter, at Sidmouth. In the SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. 265 variahile section. An excellent and very distinct variety. More or less undulate, and normal on one side the rachis whilst it is branching on the opposite side, and the branches are cristate. I am indebted to Mrs. Thompson for fronds. J Fig. 64.5. Fiff. G4C. Marginato-coktractum, Loioe. (Fig. 645.) — A largo-growing, somewhat undidatc form, with an inconsiDicuous crenate margin. Length of frond eighteen inches, width one inch and a half at VOL. 11. 2 M 266 SCOLOPENDRIUM YULGARE. the base, widening to two inches and a half six inches below the a^iex, then suddenly contracting to three quarters of an inch, with a marginate and niinutely-lobate edge. E,aised from spores by Mr. Elworthy. MuLTiFiDUM, Gray. (Fig. 646.) — Found at Littlchampton by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthy; Frenchay, near Bristol, by Mr. T. H. Thomas; Coninbrough Cliffs by Mr. J. Hardy; in Cumberland by ]Mr. R. Morris; Buthin by Mr. T. Pritchard; Colin Glen, Belfast, by Mr. A. Crawford; Kilmoganny, Kilkenny, and Black Head, Clare, by Mr. J. R. Kinahan. Normal below, and divided at the apex into several multifidly-cleft branches, spreading out into a broadish dense flattish tuft. It differs from lohatum in the primary aj)ical divisions being dilated and split into several smaller segments. Fig C47. Fig. 648. DiSTORTUM, Moore. (Fig. 647.) — Raised from spores by Mr. Elworthy. A singular distorted form. Stipites bent, frond SCOLOPEXDRIUM YULGARE. 267 narrow and irregular in outline, branching several times near the apex, and becoming wider and more deeply cut. DiGiTATUM, Wollaston. (Fig. 648.)— Originally raised from spores by ]Mr. G. B. Wollaston, of Chiselhurst, and has since been found at South Weald, Brentwood, Essex, by Miss Lucy Moss. This variety differs from ramosum in all the branches and divisions being flat or in one plane, being hand-shaped. The stipites sometimes branched, and the lamina mostly branched, both near the base, and higher up the costa. The central part of the frond is much branched into a dense tuft of crowded segments, which are much overlapping. The ramifications are compound in an extraordinary degree. For plants my obligations are due to Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall, Nottinghamshire; Mr. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough; INIr. Cooling, of Derby; and Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton. The fronds are usually much more branched than the illustration. BiMARGiXATUM, JVoUasto/i. (Fig. 649.) — Found at Rother- ham, in Yorkshire, by Mr. H. Hayling, gardener to the Rev. W. Hudson, of St. Catherine's, Regent's Park; also at Brecon, by Mr. J. R. Cobb; at Ulvcrstone, by Mr. Hadwin; Oldstead, Mr. C. Monkman; and raised from spores by Mr. C. Elworthy. Fronds varying, some from a quarter to half an inch wide, and six or eight inches long; others three quarters of an inch wide, and from six to nine inches long. Mr. Monkman's plant has fronds eighteen inches in length, and is more like margi- natum, except in the more numerous minute denticulation on the margin. Base truncate, frecjuently broken up into a few separate lobes; apex usually simple, sometimes multificl. The margin laciniate-dentate, or cut into narrow, shallow, truncate lobes, which arc bifid or dentate. The surface both above and below is marginate, hence the name bimarginatum. The under marginate line similar to that in marginatum, but this cuticle on the upper surface is irregularly broken into cavities and excrescences. The top of the frond broader and scarcely mar- ginate. A very curious form. The illustration is from Mr. C. Elworthy's plant. Marchantioides, Clapham. (Fig. 650.) — Another of Mr. Clapham's singular varieties. Fronds twelve inches in length, 26S scoLOPEXumrM vulgare. and from half an incli to two inches and a half in width. Stipites two inches and a half. At the base of the frond are two reniform lobes, one inch across, above which the frond is contracted to half an inch; nearly strajD-shaped, except the upjjer half or third, where wide and normal, one half of the fronds dilated at the apex, and forked. The narrow portion of the frond marginate beneath, beyond which lobate and fimbriate on the margin, with numerous raised crispy excres- cences, beyond which are here and there irregular fiat lobes. Soriferous. Colour deep green. My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham, of Scarboroug'h, for a plant. M Fig. 649. Fig. 650. Fig. 651. Ttjrgido-irkegulare, Moore. (Fig. 651.) — Found atllHiitby by Mr. W. Willison, and Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthy. SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGAR E, S. VULGARE, SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. 269 Not unlike turgidum, more irregular in outline, and more profoundly and distinctly lobcd, and submarginate. The illus- tration is from Mr. C. Elworthv. SuBLiNEATO-STRiATUM. (Plate LIII — A.) — A very interesting variety, much cut, and very irregular on the margin. The fronds are crenately lacerated on the edges, and margined with a line along the under surface of the frond. This Fern differs from the other submarginate varieties in having raised lines and strice across the upper surface of the frond. Sori bold, near the margin, and with small detached portions almost marginal. Length about twelve inches, breadth from one to two inches. Veins darker, giving the frond a striped ajjpearance. Apex of frond pointed. It was gathered in Devonshire by Mr. Hillman, a well-known collector of Ferns. For fronds my thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield, Vale Gardens, Todmordcn. Sagittato-cristatum, Clapham. (Plate LIII — B.) — A hand- some variety, arrow-shaped at the base. The fronds are slightly undulated or wavy, and dichotomously divided, the apices multifid, broad, and somewhat cristate and striate. Basal lobes sagittate. Somewhat inconstant. Found in RainclifF Wood, near Scarborough, by Mr. A. Clapham, where it was found in some abundance. A much finer and quite constant form has since been found in Devonshire, in 1859, by Mr. Hillman. In this variety the lobes are truly sagittate, and sometimes cristate, and the fronds are terminated by a corymbose tassel, frequently nine inches across. Mr. Clapham's form is about twelve inches in length, and three inches in breadth at the apex. My thanks are due to Mr. Stansfield, of Todmordcn, for fronds. Stenomenon, Lowe. (Fig. 652.) — A narrow form in my possession. Length ten inches, width half an inch. Thick fronded, deep green in colour. An excurrent membrane runs near the rachis the whole length of the frond, terminating in a small divided leafy segment, this is distantly fimbriated with sporiferous segments. The frond is narrow and very regularly fimbriated, and here and there are soriferous j^rojecting segments at the base of the fimbriated lobes. Fronds numerous and suberect. 270 SCOLOPENDRIUM YULGARE. \1 ,>l\H'W FiS- 652. Fig. 653. Fi>. 654. FissuM-LATUM, 3Ioore. (Fig. 653.) — Found near Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthy. A large-growing form. Fronds two feet in length. Profoundly and irregularly cut on the margin, and slightly undulate, narrowing to the base, and acute pointed at the apex. Width at the base one inch, and in the centre of the frond two inches. Sori large, profuse, and ii-regular. My thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy for a plant, from which the illustration is taken. SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. S71 Undulatum, Moore. (Fig. 654.) — Found at Torquay by jNIr. R. J. Gray; Nettlecombe, by Mr. C. Elworthy; Fareham, Hampshire, and Ruthin, Denbighshire, by Mr. G. Pritchard; Oswaklkirk, Hehnsley, Yorkshire, by Mr. A. Clapham; Whitby, by Mr. W. Willison; Colin Glen, Belfast, by Mr. A. Crawford; Chaigeley Manor, near Clitheroe, and Cromford, Derbyshire, by myself. Regularly wavy fronds, but much less cris^iy than in crispum. Fronds narrower, and in being fertile, it is unlike the sterile crispum. Length of frond twelve inches, width one inch and a half. Fig. 655. Fig. G56. Fig. 657. Fig. 658. TuRGiDUM, Wollaston. (Fig. 655.) — Found at Week, in Sussex, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; Nettlecombe, Somersetshire, by Mr. C. Elworthy; Barnstaple, Devonshire, by the late Mr. C. Jackson; Ilfracombe by Mr. J. Dadds; Castle Howard and Oldstead, Yorkshire, by Mr. C. Monkman; Hackncss, near Scarborough, and Knaresborough, by jMr. A. Clapham; Whitby by Mr. W. Willison; Todmorden by Mr, A. Stansfield; Whit- 272 scolopexdhium viloare. barrow, Westmoreland, by Mr. F. Clowes; Guernsey by Mr. J. James; and at Morecombe Bay by myself. Named on account of the turgid character of the cellular tissue between the veins. Fronds coriaceous, from six to twelve inches in length, and from an inch and a half to two inches broad. The margin very irregularly lobate, or crenate-lobate, here and there split quite to the costa. Crenate-dentate or laciniate- dentate; more or less marginate, often close to the margin, and occasionally near the costa. Base cordate. The apex frequently forked or multifid, sometimes abrupt. Venation irregular. Fertile and permanent under cultivation. The illustration is from ]\Ir. C. Elworthy. Alatum, Clapham. (Figs. 656 and 657.) — Raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. A dwarf narrow-fronded Fern, six inches in length, marginate and winged for the whole length of the fi'ond, with projecting bidentate teeth, narrowing to the base. My thanks are due to Mr. A. Clapham for the illustration. Marginato-laceratum, Clapham. (Fig. 658.) — Raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. Variable fronds. Some dwarfer and more profoundly cleft; others variously split to the costa, the divisions forming distant, variously sized, irregular lobes. Some fronds oblong, with sinuous margins; some obtusely cuneate ; some broader, variously cleft and multifid crisped, the parts being more or less marginate. The costa in some fronds is bare to near the apex, and the frond then becomes fan-shaped, having narrow, minute, dissimilar divisions. In others, when spread flat, forming about three ^•xxX'i of a circle of five inches in diameter, and consisting of five cuneate sections divided down nearly to the top of the stipes, and each section two or three times deejily cleft with laceratcly-toothed margins. Fisso-LOBATUM, Moove. (Fig. 659.) — Found near Nettle- combe by Mr. C. Elworthy. Length of frond twelve inches, width from half an inch to an inch. An interesting variety, somewhat resembling Jissum, except in the multifid apex. Fronds lobate on the margin, and numerously split into nar- rowish lacinifE, the apex similarly dentate and multifidly lobed. .SCOLOl'KNDRIUM VULGARE. 213 Contracted below the apex, irregularly reticulated, and copiously Fig. C59. Fig. 660. fertile, and also suprasoriferous. The illustration is from Mr. Elworthy. VOL. ir. 2 N 274 SCOLOPENDRIUM YULGARE. Transverso-multifidum, Moore. (Fig. 660.)— Found by Mr. Dadds near Ilfracombe. Fronds more or less undulate, with a multifid apex, Avhich is weeping and compact. The illustration was forwarded by the Rev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, near Plymouth. Fif?. 601. Fig. G62. Flabellatum, Moore. (Fig. 661.) — Found near Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthy, to whom I am indebted for a plant. A handsome form, with ilabellately multifid fronds, six to eight inches in length, and as much across in the multifid portion. The fronds in the portion lower are normal, but in the upper half the costa becomes repeatedly branched, the branches continuing broad almost to the tips, the divisions much over- lapping, yet scarcely cristate. The multifid apex is spread out nearly flat. CoRNUTUM, Moore. (Fig. QQ^.^ — Found in Yorkshire by Mr. Thorne, and subsequently in the same county by Messrs. Stansficld, in Somersetshire by !Mr. C. Elworthy, and Dunglass Dean, Dumbartonshire, by Dr. W. Nichol. Fronds from six to ten inches long, coriaceous, slightly undulate, and irregu- larly crenate, occasionally profoundly lobed, the lobes minutely SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. 275 dentate, base cordate or truncate, the apex abruptly rounded, the costa becoming excurrcnt half an inch below the extremity, and formin"" a Ion"" hook. Fertile. Fig. 663. Fifr. 664. Fig. 665. Balfourii, Lowe. (Fig. 66o.) — A thick, fleshy, upright- growing variety, irregular in form, and divided into numerous lobes. An excurrcnt membrane runs from the base to the apex, which is fimbriate, and irregular on cither side the rachis, in places being situated on the edge of the rachis, in 216 SCOLOPEXDRIUM VULGARE. others extending- to the margin of the frond, and then forming a douhk^ row of k^bcs, which are soriferons along their edges. Cornute. Length t(>n inches. Fonnd in Westmorehmd, near Ambleside. MuTATUM, Moore. (Fig. 664.) — Found near Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthy. A narrow form, eighteen inches in length and half an inch wide, with occasionally a normal or jDortions of a normal frond. Incised half way to the costa at regular distances about half an inch a^iart, forming truncate square- tijoped lobes. Sori irregular, and extended downwards from the base of the two sides of these divisions quite to the costa. The illustration is from Mr. Elworthy's plant. Plumoso-lohati'M, Moore. (Fig. 665.) — Found at Nettle- combe by ]Mr. C. Elworthy. A form of lohatum, in which the fronds are narrowed below and forked towards the apex, the branches again once or twice forked, so that the apex consists of a few attenuated lobes three or four inches long, which curving more or less give the ajjpearance of a plume of feathers. SuPRALiNEATO-RESECTUM, 3Ioore. — Fouud in Guernsey by Mr. James. Fronds lanceolate, tapering to the base, apex attenuate. Length six to eight inches, width one inch to one inch and a half in the broadest part. Margin crenately dentate. Supralineate and fertile. Marginatum series. SuPRALiNEATO-LOBATUM, Moore. — Fouud at Nettlecombe by Mr. Elworthy, and in the Isle of Wight by Mr. R. Bloxam. Length eight inches. Base subcordate, slightly supralineate, j^ margin crenate-lobate, apex lobate or multifid. Marginatum section. SiNUATO-LOBATUM, Moore. — Found in Somerset by Mr. Elworthy. Fronds broad, lobed or sinuated, and irregular in width and outline. Apex twice dichotomously forked; with broad, somewhat crispy divisions. Base cordate. Polyschides section. SCOLOrENDRIUM VULGARE. 277 Vespiforme, Clapliam. — Found at Foiiutaius Abbey, York- shire, by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. Smguhir. Base cordate, apex attenuate, and reguhir and entire on the margin, except about the centre, where a portion becomes contracted ahiiost to the costa. Polyschides section. r v^ liK^ Fig. 606 Fig. GG7. RoTUNDiFOLiUM, Lowc. (Fig. QQQ.) — In the possession of Mr. C. Monkman, of ^NlaUon. Dwarf; fronds two inches in length, including the stipes. Reniform, and closely resembling the fronds of Adiantum rcmforme. Fronds sterile. MuLTiFiDUM-NANUM, Lowe. (Fig. 667.) — An interesting dwarf form, found in Devonshire by Mr. W. Edwards, of Nut- hall, Nottinghamshire. Twin-fronded, one half the length of the frond is naked, the remainder being a corymbiferous head, undulate, and finely and distinctly cut along the apex. The frond for illustration was forwarded by Mr. Edwards. Marginato-fimbriatum, Moore. — Found near Cartmel, Lan- cashire, by Mr. Hillman, and in Silverdale, Yorkshire, by Messrs. Stansfield. Narrow, base subcordate, margin fringed with small prominent regular teeth. Margin ATO-FissuM, Moore. Found at Barnstaiile by Mr. C. 278 SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. Jackson, and at Ilfracombe by Mr. J. Dadds. Base broadly- cordate, aj5cx acute, margin deejjly cut into narrow obtuse lobes. Margixato-lobatum, Moore. — Raised from spores by Mr. Elworthy and Mr. Wollaston. Length ten to fourteen inches, ■width an inch. ^Margin laciniate-dentate, apex multiiidly-lobed, dentate, and with acute apices. Margixato-cristatum, Moore. — Raised by Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, and Mr. Elworthy. Length six to nine inches, lower portion marginate, the apex dividing into a crispy fla- bellate tuft of laciniate segments, three to four inches broad. Marginatum-tenue, 3Ioore. — Raised by Mr. S. Appleby, of Doncaster, and Mr. W. Nixon. Length three to six inches, width a quarter to half an inch. ^Marginate and laciniate-toothed, sometimes irregularly toothed. Some fronds cornute or dilated, occasionally proliferous. CuRiosuM, Wollaston. — Found near Worthing by Mr. W. W. Reeves. A portion of the fronds resemble sinuatum. Some- times the lamina is narrowed, but entire for a considerable portion, base usually much narrowed and then truncate, with reticulated veins. Upper surface distantly streaked with yellowish green. Polyschides section. Saleurosum, 3Ioore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James. Allied to sinuatum with shorter fronds. Base subtruncate or cordate. Apex attenuate, margin not contracted, but beyond the general outline projecting lobes, the whole (lobes included) crenately toothed. Polyschides section. Obtusilobatum, 3Ioore. — Found in Somerset by Mr. Elworthy. A large form of salebrosum. Polyschides section. Retinervium, Moore. — Found in Ireland in 1853, by Dr. Allchin. Fronds nine inches long; they are dissimilar, even in outline, apex sometuues multifid, margin lobed, and here and SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. 279 there contracted and marginatc. Fronds blotched with pale green. Remarkable for the much-netted vems. Polyschides group. Fig. 668. Fig. 6G9. Fig. 670. Marginato-triforme, Padleij MSS. (Fig. 668.) — Found in Devonshire by the Rev. C. Padley. Marginate near the costa to within three inches of the apex, where this line terminates. Fronds fourteen inches long, contracting in the centre of the frond from an inch to half an inch, and dilating near the apex to one inch and a half. ^Margin irregularly lobcd and dentate. In the centre of the frond lobes more distant, with wide o^^en 280 SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. sinuses. The apex more normal, "with a crenate margin, and a mnltifid or furcate apex. Sori situated along the marginal line in small patches, whilst near the apex more or less normal. My thanks are due to the Rev. C Padley for fronds. CoxvoLVERE, Lowe. (Fig. 669.) — In the possession of the Rev. Charles Padley, of Beaconfield, near Plymouth. In the crispion section. A distinct frilled form. Length fourteen inches, width three inches in the widest part. Stij^es ebeneous. Xear the base a crisp and incised lobe an inch in width, above which the stem is naked for two inches, above which three inches wide, very much frilled, decurrent at the base. In several parts cut to the costa, leaving wide spaces. Midrib flcxuose. My thanks arc due to the Rev. C. Padley for fronds. Mt'LTiEiDO-LACERATUM, LovjC. (Fig, 670.) — Raised from spores at Highfield House. Sagittate at the base. The lower half variously lacerated, the upjoer portion merely undulate, and the apex inconspicuously niultiiid and crested. Sori profuse. Length of frond nine inches. Resectum, Moore. — Found at Littlehanipton, Sussex, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston. Xormal size. Remarkable for the absence of the basal auriculate lobes. Base truncate, outline lance-shaped, margin slightly undulate and sinuately lobed, lobes crenately- dentate. Polyschidcs section. Marginato-capitati'm, Lowe. — Found at Oldstead, York- shire, by Mr. John ]Muckle. Length of frond twelve inches, exclusive of the stipites; width from two to two inches and a half. Base lobate. Fronds wavy, marginatc, above which narrowlv and numerously denticulate. The apex flat but mnltifid, and no wider where mnltifid than in other ]i?LXts of the frond. Abundantly sorifcrous. My thanks are due to Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton, for fronds. An illustration is needless. Mo>'kmaxii, ilibore.-— Found at Castle Howard by Mr. C. Monkman. Fronds eight inches in length and two inches wide. Sagittate at the base, broadest upwards. Along the margin are SrOI.OPKXDRirM VTT.GARK. 281 a i'cw distant projcctiiig-pointrd lobes. The apex acute or occasioiaally divided. SuKMARGiXATO-MoXKMAMi, Loice. — A naiTow fomi of sub- 7narginatuni found at Oldstcad by ]Mr. C. ]Monkman, of Malton. Very elej^antly and profusely denticulated on the mars^in. Sori more especially confined to near the edges of the frond, and much shorter than usual. Fis. 671. Fis. G72. Artetinum, LoiDO. (Fig. 671. — Recently found on Mount Edgecombe, on the border of Cornwall, by Mr. William Edwards, of Xuthall. Fronds fifteen inches in length, and one inch wide. A very angustate form of undulatum, with a mul- tifid apex, below which the frond contracts to a quarter of an inch in width. The branches are small and curved downwards, not unlike a ram's head, hence the name. The illustration is from Mr. Edwards. Glavei, Loice. (Fig. 672.) — A singular form, raised by Mr. Glave, of Scarborough. Length of frond six inches, of which the lower four inches is the naked stipes, repeatedly branching into a number of almost leafless narrow divisions, which are laciniated, and dentate on the margins of the apices. My thanks are due to Mr. Glave for a frond. VOL. II. 2 O 282 SCOI,OPEXT)RIUM VULGARE. Hemionitoides, Moore. — Found near Ncttleconibe, in Somer- setshire, by Mr. C. Elwortliy. Dwarf, subhastate, and coriaceous. The base enlarged and cordate, and the sides curving to the point. Lobes diverging and blunt-pointed. Length of frond five inches. An illustration is unnecessary. Keticulato-fissum, Moore. — Found at St. Lawrence, Isle of Wight, by Mr. K.. Bloxani. Differing from jissum (which it resembles in general aspect) in the confluent, irregularly reticulated veins. Polyschides section. ViviPARUM, Wollaston. — Found in County Clare in 1853, by Dr. Allchin. Fronds only one to four inches in length, and from half an inch to an inch and a half wide. Irregular, margin very laciniatc, and producing bulbillte on the fronds and stipites. Sometimes undulate and sinuate lobate. Poly- schides group. Opacum, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James. Curious and depauperate, remarkable for its thick, oj^aque, dull-looking fronds. Length three to six inches. Narrow but variable in width, cordate and unequal at the base, and attenuate at the apex. Margin irregular and crenate, Polyschides group. Prominens, Moore. — Found near Ruthin, Denbighshire, by Mr. T. Pritchard. Length twelve inches. Narrow, truncate below, attenuate to a blunt point, margin irregularly crenate, with a few irregular, rounded, narrow lobes, projecting half an inch beyond the general margin. Polyschides section. In^quale, Allchin. — Found in 1853 in Ireland by Dr. All- chin. Length six inches, width one inch. Costa ramose below, or multifid near the apex. Sometimes a lobe protrudes from the margin. Base truncate, margin deeply fimbriated or undu- lated. Sori irregular. Polyschides section. Epiphylloides, 3Ioore. Found near Whitby by Mr. W. Willison. Fronds nine inches long, base subcordatc, margin SCOLOPENDRIUM . VULGARE. 288 irregularly lobate for two or three inches, then suddenly con- tracted almost to the costa, and then swelling out again, and truncately contracted at the upper end in the same way, tapering downwards. Polyschides section. Fig. 673. Fig. 074. Coriaceo-cristattjm, Loicc. (Fig. 673.) — Raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. Length of frond nine inches, including the stipes. Dark green in colour. Thick and fleshy in texture. Somewhat narrow and irregularly crenate on the margin, contracting towards the apex, where the stipes dilates and branches, forming a small thick crest. The illus- tration is from Mr. Clapham. BiMARGiNATO-MULTiFiDUM, Moorc. (Fig. 674.) — An extraor- dinary bimarginate variety, twelve inches in length. Exceed- 284 s('()L()pexi)rii:m yvi.gare. ingly narrow, and broken up to the raehis, scarcely anything but the naked stem remaining, with a much-divided, hirge, muUifid apex of narrow branches, soriferous along the margin. My thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy for a plant. FuRCANs, 3Ioore. — Found in Somerset by Mr. Elworthy. Dwarf. Base cordate, apex once or more forked, sometimes divided into a tuft of five or six lobes. Margin unequally crenate lobate. Polyschidcs section. CuRTUM, Moore. — Fronds thick, variable, apex dentate, some- times contracted, and base truncate; margin lobate, apex abrupt, ramose, or abbreviated. Here and there subcontracted and supralineate. Found in Somerset by Mr. Elworthy. Polyschides section. Inops, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James, of Vauvert. Length six or eight inches. Narrowish, base cordate, irregular, margin crenate-dentate, apex forked, or also forked below. Polyschides section. SuBVARiEGATUM, Wolktston. — Found at Glanville's Wootton, Dorset, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston. Fronds six to twelve inches long, exceedingly varied in form and multifid, undulate, crenate, and faintly streaked with a dull straw-colour. Polyschides section. RiMOsuM, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James, and raised from spores by Mr. Wollaston. Fronds eighteen inches long, and nearly two inches broad. Base cordate, margin sub- undulate, sublobate, and crenate; near the divided apex deeply incised. Upper surface sulcate, with here and there a thickened prominent point. Polyschides section. Imperfectum, Wollaston. — Found in 1855 by Mr. G. B. Wollaston. Lobed as in polyschides, but broader. Length ten inches, breadth one inch and three quarters. Base truncate, apex abrupt. ]\Iargin irregularly wavy, and here and there lobed. The margin has an unfinished appearance. Polyschides section. SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE, VULGAHE, SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. 285 Staxsfieldii, Stansjield. (Plate LIV — A.) — This magnificent, and, as yet, very rare variety, was raised from spores in the fernery of Messrs. Stausfiehl, of Todmorden, in the year 1859. It is quite constant, and when the fronds are in perfection it is the most beautiful of all the varieties of this protean si^ecies. The fronds arc densely undulated, in the manner of Fig. G75. Fig. 676. Scolopendrium vulgare, tar. crispum ; the undulations, however, in the variety Stansjieldii are lobed and profoundly laciniatcd, the projections being long-pointed and variously crisped and twisted, giving the whole frond the singular appearance of a fringed frill, if it is allowable to use this pleonastic phrase. The stipes is from two to three inches in length, and the fully-grown fronds twelve inches or more long, and about two inches broad. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield, of the Vale Gardens, Todmorden, for the frond illustrated. MARGiXATo-iRKEGihARE, Moorc. (Plate hl\ — B, and 5286 SCOLOPENDKIUM VULGARE. Fig. 675.) — All interesting and desirable variety raised by Mr. Claj)ham, of Scarborough, a gentleman well known for the many remarkable varieties he has added to our British Ferns. Found also at Oldstead, Yorkshire, by Mr. C. Monkman. A very singular depauperated form. Sinuately lobed or irregularly contracted or laciniated. Length eighteen inches. Four or five inches below the apex branching, and each branch an inch below the apex again branched. Sometimes nearly the whole of the frond is depauperate, at others one side only of the costa; but everywhere very irregular. A remarkable form. My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham for a frond. SuPRALiNEATo-MULTiFiDUM, Moove. (Fig. 676.) — Length six inches, width one inch. Margin irregularly cut, supralineate near the costa, the apex multifid, their ajjices narrowed. The illustration is from Mr. Monkman. CoRiACEUM, James. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James. Dwarf, coriaceous, irregularly inciso-dentate, submarginate, margin dentate. Base cordate, apex abrupt, irregularly soriferous. NuDiCAULE, Allchin. — Found in Ireland by Dr. AUchin. Variable, narrow, base cordate, apex sometimes multifid. An almost total absence of scales. Obtuso-dentatum, 3Ioore. — Found in 1855 near Ilfracombe by the Rev. J. M. Chanter. Length six to twelve inches, width one inch and a quarter. Base truncate, apex blunt, the midrib not reaching the end, margin notched with uniform crenatures, sori irregular. Somewhat similar forms have been found in the Isle of Wight by Mr. R. Bloxam, and Wharfc, near Settle, by ]\Ir. Clapham. Polyschides section. Interruptum, Wollasto7i. — Found in County Dublin by the late Dr. Kinahan. Somewhat resembling the laciniate forms of sinuatum, only narrower and more fleshy. Bemarkable for the interrupted lamina. Fronds twelve inches long and half an inch broad. Base subtruncate, apex normal; where narrow, sublobate, and dentate. There are interrupted portions of half an inch to one inch in which the costa is bared. Pulyscltides section. SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. 28' BuLLATUM, Moore. — Found at Littlcliampton by Mr. G. B. Wollaston. Fronds six inches long and one inch broad. Base truncate, and somewhat supralineate, margin irreguLar and lobate, apex attenuated or forked. Sparingly fertile beneath and bullate or blistered above, the tissue being confused and opaque. Veins irregular. PolyscJiides section. Fig. 67: Fig. 678. AVaudii, Clapliam. (Fig. 677.) — A distinct dwarf Fern, having a long stipites, and a small, massive, multifid head, with a round outline; very leafy, but very irregular in form, much cut, sometimes flat, and sometimes crisped on the margin. The upper surface of the frond copiously vivij^arous. Numerously frondcd, forming a dense, circular, bush-like head. Length of frond six inches. Raised from spores by Mr. Glave, of Scar- borough. My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, for a plant. Dentatum, Clapham. (Fig. 678.) — Length of frond six or eight inches. One half of the fronds more or less normal, 288 SrOLOPENDRTIM VI I.GARE. except a blunt apex, and the other half being- most conspicu- ously dentate on the margin, with a blunt apex. ]My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, for fronds. Fig. C79. * Fig. C80. PsEUDO-WARDii, Lowe. (Fig. 679.) — Raised by Mr. Glare and Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, from bulbils of JVardii. A most dissimilar form, dwarf, four inches in length, the stijjes one inch, above which dividing into three more or less normal- looking (scarcely undulate) fronds, which are forked or multifid at the apex. I am indebted to Mr. Glave for a jilant. Jamesii, Loice. (Fig. 680.) — A singular Fern, raised from spores by Mr. James, of Vauvert. A. very coriaceous frond, much divided at the apex like stag's horns, the sori formed within a very narrow margin, and appearing on the upper surface like a row of beads. Slightly crisjjcd. Base of the frond sagittate, and one lobe bifid. Apex of frond variable. The illustration is from Mr. James, of Vauvert. SCOLOPENDIUUM VULGARE. 289 r> Fig. C81. VOL. II. Fig. G82. 2 P 290 SCOLOPKXDllIUM Vri.GAKE. Fissile, Moore. (Fig, 681.) — Found near Xettlccombc by Mr. C. Elworthy, and at Mowthorpe Dale, Malton, Yorkshire, by Mr. C. Monkman, Fronds twelve inches in length, and one inch in width. Unequal and subtruncate at the base, narrowed at the apex. The margin profoundly lobed, or irregularly sub- pinnatifid. The large lobes unequal, separated by open sinuses, and again divided into rounded smaller lobes, or crenate-dentate. Sori exceedingly irregular and numerous. I am indebted to Mr. Monkman, of Malton, for fronds. FissiLE-^IoxKMANii. (Fig. 682.) — An irregular form of fissile, found by i\Ir. Monkman at Oldstead, in 1859. C'renato- crisped. Length fourteen inches. Sparingly sorifcrous, and sliglitly suprasorifcrous. Macrosorum, Fee. — Found in the Channel Islands by Mr. James, of Vauvert. Twehe inches in length, and an inch broad, the margin frilled and irregularly lobed. Lobes deeply separated, but less manifest from not having open sinuses. Not unlike ^;6»/y s c// ides . AxGUSTATO-xiTiDUM, Lowe. — Raised from sjiores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. Not unlike poli/sc/iides in general appearance, but the fronds longer and more erect, rich dark green in colour and shining. The plant has a less number of fronds than is usual with j^ohjschides. A distinct form. An illustration is unnecessary. Laxceolum, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James, of Vauvert. Dwarf, lance-shaped. Base narrowed and cordate, apex attenuate, margin coarsely crenate and wavv. Pohjschides section. SiciFORME, IVoUaston. — Found in Guernsey by the late Mr. C. Jackson. Length eleven inches, wddth one inch. Base sub- cordate, lance-shaped, with laterally-waved, slightly-crcnate margins, obsoletely margined beneath. Sorifcrous, and also with small spore-cases on the upper surface. CiRCiXATUM, Loice. (Figs. 683 and 684.) — Raised from spores by Mr. A. Glapham, of Scarborough. A narrow form, with fronds SCOI-OPEXDRIUM VULGARE. 291 fifteen to eighteen inches in length. Marginate, with a row of conspicuons bidcntatc marginal teeth. The ajicx tassclcd, and the tassel curls round several times, that is, is circinate. The illustration is from Mr. Claphaui. Fis. 683 Fig. G84.— Apex. Fig. (385. PoLYSCHiUEs-CKLspuM, Loice. (Fig. 685.) — Raised from spores of the variety imperfectum by ]Mr. A. Clapham, of llamsdale Bank, Scarborough. Length of frond ten inches. Closely resembling pohjscliides, except that it is beautifully crisped. My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham for fronds. BiMARGiNATO-MVRicATUM, Moore. — Fovmd in Guernsey by Mr. James, of ^"auvert. Fronds twelve inches, two kinds, the 292 srOT.OPENDRIl'M VULGARE. narrow fronds more bimarginate, outline irregular, contracted with projecting lobes, excurrent membrane sitiiated near the costa, and interrupted. Broader fronds, margin unequally lobed and irregular, the surface striately furrowed. Fig. C8G. Fig. GST Ramosum, Willdcnoic, {Dcedalcum of Deakin.) (Fig. 686.) — A variety known since the time of Plukenet, and very beautiful. More recently found at Ilfracombe and in Guernsey. Fronds brief, dense, and consisting of a multiiilication of furcations, the stipites, which start singly from the caudex, becoming ramified like the limbs of a tree, the costa often again branched below, and each branch bearing a dense multifid-crisped tuft. In some instances the apex of the frond is ramified two hundred-fold. The illustration is from Mr. C. Monkman. Irregulare-minus, Clapham. (Fig. 687.) — Another singular form raised by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. Fronds only three inches in length, many branching at the base into twin fronds, and the costa dividing again near the apex. The margin of the frond very irregular, and somewhat crisped. The illustration is from Mr. Clapham's frond. SCOLOPENDKIUM VULGARE. 293 KiTSOJiiyE, Moore. — Found in Devonshire by Miss Fanny Kitson. Curious. Fronds twelve inches long, and one inch and a quarter broad. Base cordate, outline normal, ujDper surface muricate, and having an excurrent wing on either side, and closely contiguous to the costa. Fig G88. Fig. 689. Brevifolium, Loioe. (Fig. 688.) — Raised by Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall. Dwarf. Length of frond three inches, of which two inches is the stipitcs, and only one inch the leafy portion. Fronds variable in form, some divided to the stem, and lobate, crisped and irregularly cut on the margin, terminating in a blunt apex. The costa cornute. The illustration is from Mr. Edwards. Hendersonii, Willison. (Fig. 689.) — Found in 1866 near Wliitby by James Henderson, who is employed in Mr. Willison's Nursery at Whitby. A dwarf form, only five or six inches in height. The stipites branching at the base, and again each branching some inch or so above the base, and these branches almost immediately dividing into dwarf fronds, normal at the base, and branching and dividing at the apex into beautifully crested heads, resembling five or six multifid fronds. My thanks are due to Mr. Willison for a frond of this vmique Fern. 294 SCOLOPENDKUM VL I.GAllE. Crispum-majus, Jachson. — Found in Guernsey by the late Mr. Jackson. Habit erect. Stipitcs stift", and six or eight inches long, costa very thick, leafy portion twelve inches, colour deep green. Base cordate, with very large lobes forming the broadest part of the frond, being three inches across, gradually tapering to the ajjex. Margin frilled. Fig. G90, Glomeratum, Moore. (Fig. 690.) — Found in Jersey by M. Piquet, and introduced by the late Mr. C. Jackson. A very fine and beautiful form. Length from three to six inches, and destitute of any normal strap-shaped portion. 'ihe costa dividing so repeatedly and densely as to form a globular crispy mass, having the margins obtusely and obscurely crenate-lobate. CoNGLOMERATUM, Loice. (Fig. 691.) — A form of ylomeratum, found at Truro bv Mr. Dadds, sufficiently distinct to bear a s(()],()1'];m)hiim a ri.GAiiK. 295 name of its own. It differs in being less leafy, that is, more lacerated at the apices and more or less depauperate below the apex. It is known as the Truro form of glomcratum. My thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy for fronds. Fig G91. Marginato-multifidum, 3/oorc\— Raised from spores by Mr. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe. Length twelve inches. xJrrow, with a somewhat ilexuose marginate excrescence, and a multifid apex. ^ Margin incised. Frond very narrow at the base, and widening gradually to the apex. Sori confluent, forming a sub- marginal interrupted belt. Soriferous even to the tips of the multifid lobes. The illustration is from Mr. Elworthy. Scab RUM, WoUaHto,i.—Yom\i\. in Ireland in 1853, by Dr. Allchin. A handsome form, intermediate between marginatum and muricatum. Fronds twenty-six inches long, and two inches L^96 SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. broad. Base cordate and sublaciniate, apex attenuate, margin irregularly crenate-lobate, and slightly undulate. Submarginate beneath, and submuricate near the margin above. Upper surface uneven from cavities and raised lines and points, abundantly fertile, and slightly suprasoriferous. FiK C92. Fig. G93. Dareoides, Wollaston. (Fig. 692.) — Raised from spores by Mr. Elworthy, of Ncttlecombe. Length twelve inches. So much cut as to become pinnatiiid; base attenuated, widening to the apex, where rounded and broadest. Fronds varying in form. HooKERii, Loicc. (Fig. 693.) — Eaised from sj^ores at High- field House. Triangular fronds, as broad across the base as the frond is long, namely, six inches. Very leafy, lacerated here and there, much divided along the margin, the frond undulate, terminating in a round tassclcd ajiex. SCOT.Ol'KXnUIlM VrLGARE. 29T SAGiTTvro-roLYcrsiMs, Moori'. TFii^-. ()94.) — A distinct form, twelve or fourteen inches in length, with usually long sagittate Fig r,9,j lobes at the base, and a large tufted apex four or five inches across, with pointed apices and very leafy. The illustration is not characteristic either as regards the base or apex of the best developed fronds. My thanks are due to ]\Ir. C Elworthy for a plant. VOL. II. 2 Q 298 Sf'OLOPEXDlilUM VUr.GARE, Variegato-crenatum, Wollaston. (Fig. 095.) — A very fine variegated form of crenatum. I>ength seven inches. The apex furcate. ]My thanks are cine to ]Mr. G. B. Wollaston for a frond. Crisp UM-CORNUTUM, Willison. — Found by Mr. Joseph Buckle, of York. Broadest at the base, where lobate, apex pointed, crisped and incised along the margin, and cornute in the centre of the frond. Ramosum-densum, Sim. — Length from three to four inches. Twin-stalked, each stalk bearing simple or twin fronds half an inch wide and one inch long, and these branching, the branches two or three-forked and twisted out of the plane of the frond. The forkings broad-lobed, the lobes crenate, the whole forming a compact, very crispy crest. Distinct. Raised from spores by Mr. Sim, of Foot's Cray. Ramoso-rugosum, Shn. — Length from one to three inches. Twin-stalked, and two or three times branched, each ultimate branch kidney-shaped and crumpled, irregularly deeply cleft, and these irregularly marginate-dentate. Scaleless. Short awl- shaped spurs are irregularly produced on the stalks, those on the midrib not awl-pointed but are a pygmy tassel of clustering points. Raised from spores by Mr. Sim, of Foot's Cray. Ramosum-latum, Sim. — Length from nine to fifteen inches. Varying from ramosum in the much greater breadth of the terminal crest, which is very leafy and spreading. ScALPTURATO-MARGiNATUM, Sim. — Length from ten to fifteen inches, width one inch. The under siirface resembling margin- atum, on the upper surface, more especially in the lower halfy resembling scalpfuratum. Raised from spores by Mr. James, of Vauvert, Guernsey. Submarginatum-tenue, Sim. — Length from three to six inches, width from a quarter to half an inch, nearly erect, tapering, cleft into narrowish, shallow, sharply dentate lobes. The skin-like nuder-surface line is nearly jiarallel with the midrib, but distant from it. Raised from spores by ]Mr. Sim. SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. 299 Undulato-multifidum, Lowe. (Fig. ()9().) — Length six inches, undidatc, the apex multifid, though scarcely extending beyond the width of the frond. Fig. 696. Fig. 697, Marginato-monkmami, Lotcc. (Fig. 697.) — jNlarginate and intcrrujited from the Lacerated margin of the frond, partially supramarginate. The apex multifid into four leafy, broad, divergent lobes, slightly, irregularly, and distantly dentate on the margin, with broad apices. Length thirteen inches, one half naked. The illustration is from Mr, Monkman. Crispum-margixatum, Loicc. — A dwarf crispum, bought oOO SCOLOPENDUIUM VILGARE. when very young by Mr. F. A. Edelstcn; clifFering in the two inches of the apex being somewhat contracted, only slightly crisped and interruptedly marginate and dentate. Marginato-polyschides, Lowe. — Raised from spores by Mr. James, of Vauvert. Length twenty-one inches, width half an inch, except near the apex, where three quarters of an inch for the upper three or four inches. A very tall polyscliides- looking variety with a marginal belt near the costa, excejit in the bulging a])ex where this line becomes submarginal and terminates an incli below the apex. Glomerato-kamosum, Moore. — Differing from (flomeratum in the much more repeatedly branching stalks. Length eight inches, width across the head six inches. Laciniato-cornutum, Clapham. — Found at Horton, near Rivaulx, by Mr. Thomas Hunton, of Rivaulx. Length seven inches, narrow, much laciniated and lobate, very narrow and submarginate at the base, widening to half an inch, Avith a broad normal rounded apex having the sori continued round like the s})okes of a wheel. The costa ends half an inch below the apex in a horn. I am indebted to Mr. C'lapham, for fronds. Margixato-sagittatum, Lowe. — A dwarf marginate irregular- outlined frond, with a pointed apex and a pair of barbed lobes at the base; resembling Fig. 004, but marginate. ScALPTURATo-DissECTUM, Moove. — Raised from spores by Mr, Elworthy. An irregular narrow-fronded form, having somewhat the a^jpearance of laceratum but narrower, and the lacerations also long, narrow, and irregular. Length six inches, width one inch and a half to two inches near the base, and one inch near the apex. ]Marginato-latipes, 3Ioorc. — Raised from spores by Mr. Elworthy. Length eleven inches, width nearly three quarters of an inch, with a wide base of an inch and a half. Marginate- dentate, copiously soriferous. SCOl.orENDRIUM VULGARE. 301 Slpralinea'I'o-coxstkk'Titm, Moore. (Fig. 098.) — A dwarf, narrow form, Avith an irregular margin. Sujjralincate. Fig C98. Fiff. G99 Fig. 700. Erosum, Loive. (Fig. 699.) — A narrow crosc form, with usually a niultifid apex. Length eight inches, width one inch. Irregular outline, and here and there erose, interrujjtedly niar- ginate, and dentate. The niultifid cristate apex but little wider than the rest of the frond. Marginato-cordati'm, Loioe. (Fig. 700.) — Length seven inches. A narrow marginate niuricate form, the margin of the 302 SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. upper half of the frond bemg finely fimbriated, usually biden- tate, except at the aj)ex. Undulato-bifurcum, Loive. — Length twelve inches, slightly undulate, thin, four inches below the apex fuicate, and one inch higher again furcate. UxDATUM,- Pudley. — Found near Littleham by the Rev. C. Padley. Length eleven inches, width one inch and a quarter. Nearly uniform or strap-shaped. Rounded at the base and subcornute at the apex. The undulations more like waves, a quarter to half an inch apart, then crisjied or undulated. I am indebted to the Rev. C. Padley for fronds. Imbricato-coxtractum, Clapham MSS. — A broad form with an irregular outline. Slightly undulate, lobate and imbricated. The centre of the frond contracted, but not excessively so, and where contracted densely denticulate. Apex blunt, except when minutely denticulate, then blunt with an abrupt attenuation. MuRiCATO-CRisPUM, Loice. — A pretty dwarf form. Fronds eight inches in length, widest at the base, and gradually taj^ering to the apex. Muricate on the upper surface, within which to the costa smooth, without the muricate belt beautifully crisped. Copiously soriferous, except near the base, and also supraso- riferous near the apex. MucRONATUM, WUlclenotv. — Raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. Fronds dwarf, the lamina from one to three inches in length, and less than an inch broad. Base subcordate, uniform in width throughout the frond, the apex bluntly rounded. Margin undulate and denticulate, the costa excurrent, forming a horn which projects from the upper surface. Fronds sterile. Deorso-cristatum, iSifn. — Length twelve inches, width one inch, scarcely spreading, strap-shaped, forked near the apex, the forkings turning down and crossing each other, their apices crispy, much cut, and compact. SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGAR E. 303 Fig. 701. Fig. 702. Laciniatum, WoUaston. (Fig. 701.) — Length eighteen inches. Narrow, except near the apex, then normal in width, with an acuminate apex. The narrow portion finely laciniated. My thanks are due to ]\lr. Elworthy for fronds. o04 SrOT.Ol'EXDlUUM VULGARR. LoHATUM-RAMOsiM, Lowe. (Fi.H". TO-2.) — T.cngtli thirteen inches, of which the hasal three inches is the stipes. Lobate, and branching at the base of the rachis into twin fronds, the apex being' inconsjiicnonsly ramose. Macrosoro-corxutum, Lowe. — Raised from spores of macro- sorum by Mr. James, of Yauvert. Length five inches. It retains tlie character of macrosorum with a highly-develo])ed property of cornutum, the horn which starts within the himina extending as a curved thorn an inch beyond the rounded apex of the frond. Crispum-amtlum, Lowe. — Found by Mrs. Hole, of Parke Bovey Tracv, and communicated by Mr. James, of Yauvert. A magnificent crisjnini, with fronds eighteen inches long and four inches broad, deeply and densely frilled, and having a crenate margin. Base lobate, apex multifid, and frilled in the same direction as the frond, and not extending beyond the general outline, so as to be scarcely perceived in a dried frond. FiNDENDUM, Lowe. — Found near Marwood by the Rev. F. ^Nlules, and in North Devon by the Rev. C. Padley. Length ten inches. Xormal, except that two inches below the apex the costa is split and twisted awry from the centre, forming a pair of multifid apices with an open space between them. Abrupto-crispum, Lowe. — Length twelve inches, Avidth one inch and a half at the apex, and half an inch at the base. Cornute half an inch below the apex, the margin crisped. Crispum-angustum, Lowe. — Length fifteen inches, width one inch and a half. A narrow form of crispum, with a naked stem six inches in length. Fronds sent by the Rev. C. Padley, Crassifolium, Sim. — A curious ugly form. Length six inches, width one inch, tapering, thick textured. Slenderly lined on the under surface. Cristatum-minus, Sim. — Length three to four inches, width three quarters of an inch, wavy, with a crested apex inter- mediate between crista-galH and cristatinn. SfOI,OPENDKII'>I Vri.GARE. 305 Eamosum-majus, Clapham. (Plate I.V.) — Found at Haburn Wikc, near Scarborough, by INIr. E. Woodall, and raised from spores by Mr. Clapbani, of Settle. Fronds eighteen inches long; stijiites very thick, and branching into several broad fronds, cordate below, apex attenuated, somewhat undulate and crenatc, the multifid tufts frequently crossing each other. For fronds I am indebted to Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough; Mr. Monknian, of ]Malton; and Messrs. Stansfield, of Todniorden. Fig. 703. Fiff. 704. RAMO-niOLiFEiiuM, Clapham. (Fig. 703.) — Raised from sjjores by Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough. Two or three branched below, each three inches in length, dividing in the middle into two divisions, and again dividing and the apices sjilit. Mar- ginate and coarsely serrated. A\^idth less than a quarter of an inch. Similar forms have been raised from spores by the late Mr. Jackson and myself. A pretty dwarf form. Ramo-palmatum Lowe. (Fig. 704.) — Length three inches. Twin-fronded at the base, decurrent, almost naked to the costa, except an inch below the apex, where each expands into hand-shaped, deeply lacerate multifid heads, more than an inch in width. In the sinuses of the lacerations at the base is a thin transparent .skin-like membrane. VOL. II 2 R 306 SCOLOrEXDRIlM VULGARE. FissuM, Moore. — Length twelve to eighteen inches, width one inch. Erect. Slightly wavy, and the margins cut into broad lobes half way to the costa, the margins crenate. Flavo-tinctum, Moore. — Length ten to fifteen inches, nar- rowish, sjireading, somewhat wavy, with a two or three times forked branched head. Yellowish green near the midrib. Geminum, Sim. — Length four to six inches, width half an inch. Very spreading, twin-stalked, fronds short, above twin- branched, and these again twin-branched. The ultimate ones angularly-lobed. Glomerato-digitatum, Sim. — Length four to six inches, width less than an inch. Raised from spores by Mr. Sim, of Foot's Cray. Straji-shajjed, and with an apex like glomeratum, or repeatedly forked-branched, flattened, fan-shaped, crispy head. Hastatum-majus, Elworthy. — Length six to nine inches, width two inches. Nearly erect, long-stalked, stout fronds, widest at the base, where there are arrow-barb-like lobes. The upper half crenate. Lacerato-marginatum, Sijn. — Length two to four inches, diifering from laceratum in the clefts of the fronds being sub- marginate, especially near the apex. Marginatum-pygm(eum, Sim. — A pygmy variety. Length one to two inches, width one eighth to one quarter of an inch. A miniature of marginatum, with other very short, rounded, cornute fronds. Ramo-marginatum-proliferum, Sim. — Length two to three inches. Broader, more leafy, scarcely marginate, tufted form of ramo-marginatum, bearing numerous tiny bulbils on the upper surface. Marginato-crispulum, Lowe. — Slightly crisped without the marginal belt, and denticulate along the margin. The marginal belt a quarter of an inch within the frond, and terminating four inches below the aj^ex, where the margin is more irregular SCOLOPENDIIIUM VULGARE. 307 and lobate. Increasing in width from the base to near the apex, which is rounded. Length sixteen inches, width from three quarters of an inch to three inches. Fronds were forwarded by the Rev. C. Padley. Fig. 705. Fig. TOG. Fig. 707. AxTRORSO-CRisTATUM, Lowe. (Fig. 705.) — Found by Mr. Foot, of the Ordnance Survey of Ireland, in the Burron. Length twelve inches, of which half is the naked stem, then normal, except the branching-crested apex, which is depauperate, more especially in the centre branch. PosTGATEANUM, WilUson. (Fig. 706.) — Found by Mr. Postgate, near Whitby. Length eight inches; to within three inches of the apex more or less normal and one inch and three quarters wide; here are two rounded lobes similar to those at the base, and above this extends a narrow forked portion with serrated margins and minutely crisped apices. Sometimes the whole frond is lacerate. 308 SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. AccisuM, Lowe. (Fig. 707.) — •Found in Devonshire by Mr. W. Edwards, of Nuthall, Nottinghamshire. A somewhat dwarf, curious form, abno.st normal except at the apex, where cut away, and the costa terminating in a i'riUed leafy apex within the frond. Cristatum-ramosum, Moore. — Found at Smeerset, Yorkshire, by Mr. A. Clapham, of llamsdak^ Bank, Scarborough. The stipites branched, and the apex of the fronds crested into a Hue handsome tuft, but not capitately crested. QjiisTATUM-NANUM, Moove. — Fouud in Guernsey by Mr. J. James, of ^ auvert. A very handsome, dwarf, crested form. Length of frond five inches; the base of the frond is half an inch wide, cordate, and normal for one inch and a half, then spreading out into a much-branched tuft of narrow divisions, the ultimate segments terminating in blunt divaricate teeth. The tuft is four inches in width. Cristatum-transversum, 3Ioore. — Found at Minehead, in Somersetshire, by Mr. W. Bowden, and now in the possession of Mr. G. B. Wollaston. Length of frond nine inches, width more than an inch. Base cordate, forked towards the apex, with laterally twisted branches crossing each other, the branches being multifid and cristate. Ivamo-surmarginatu.m, J/oc/V'.— Kaised from spores by ]Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. A broad form, with fronds eight or ten inches in length, ramose in the stipes or lower portion of the costa. It resembles ramosum, but is suhmarginate. PoLYCUSPls-iTNDOSUM, Moovc. — Found at Giggleswick Scars, near Settle, by Mr. Stansfield, and near Doncaster by Mr. S. Appleby. A dwarf narrow form of 2^0/ f/ a/ f;j) is multifidly branched, the ultimate segments forming simple attenuate points; the whole of the multifid portions being curled or twisted. Variabile-cristatum, Moore. — Found near Barnstaple, in Devonshire, by the late Mr. C. Jackson. A handsome form of SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. 300 raridbih', cllviding in the lower portion of the costa, and spreading out by repeated contiguons forkings into a bunch six inches across, the tips of the ultimate lobes being cristate. Length of frond six inches. Fertile in the upper portion. Fia. T08. CoxcAVO-RAMOsUM, Lou'c. (Fig. 708.)' — Raised from spores by Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough. Length six to seven inches. Fronds twin, dividing at the base of the stipitesj the leafy portion only about two inches in length, branching at the base, and branching and multifid at the apex, but scarcely dilated beyond the general outline of the frond, the fronds being concave. Lamina equal in width from the base to the apex, the margin irregularly and shallowly cut. MuLTiFUiiCATUM, MooTC: — Found at Orchardleigh Park, Frome, Somersetshire, by Mr. W. P. Ayrcs. A dwarf variety, truncate at the base, bearing in the lower jjart a few distant, acute, linear, projecting segments, more than half an inch in length. Higher uj") the lobes are larger and longer, and become 310 SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. multifid, spreading out into numerous fiat pointed segments; the apex also multifid, with several times divided branches, and the segments short. Fig. 709. Fig. 710. Laceratum-moxkmanii, Moore. {Pinnatifidum, Stansfield.) (Fig. 709.) — Raised by Mr. Monkman, of Malton, from spores. Dwarf, erect growing, densely tasscled. Differing from laccratum in being nearly equal in width, that is, a lacerated strap-shajied frond. Length six inches, width three quarters of an inch. I am indebted to Mr. Monkman for a frond. Kephaloton, Lowe. (Fig. 710.) — Found in Devonshire. Length nine inches, width an inch, unevenly lobate, the costa branching into a large, flat, much lacerated leafy head six inches across. A distinct form. SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. 811 liWERSUM, Loive. (Fig. 711,)— Length eight inches. A singular, pinnate, depauperate, lobate, dentate form. Very irregular in outline, and furcate near the apex. Fig. 711. FiV. 712. Fig. 713. SuiJCORNUTo-LACiNiATUM, Chipham. (Fig. 712.)— A subcor- nute variety, with an irregular outline much laciniated, the apex more or less blunt. Raised from spores by Mr. Clapham. Hebetatum, Loice. (Fig. 718.)— Length fifteen inches, width one inch and a quarter at the base, and gradually widening to two inches and a quarter at the extreme apex, which is rounded 312 SCOLOPENDRirM VULGARE. and almost flat at the extremity, the sorl being continued uniformly round the apex, like the spokes of a wheel; one inch below the aj^ex the costa terminates in a subcornutc indistinct point. Apicilobum, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. J, James, of Vauvert. Dwarf, variable-frondcd form, with fronds three to five inches long and two inches broad, widest upwards, the costa not extending to the apex, which is blunt and rounded in outline. Base cordate, margin undulate, sometimes cut so as to form a rounded lobe, and the apex profoundly cut into several obovate lobes. Elato-lobatum, Moore. — Found at Littlehampton, Sussex, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston. A tall, stout, erect variety, with fronds two feet in length, divided into two or three branches at the apex, the branches being either di^'orgent or convergent and transverse. FuRCATUM, Wollaston. — Cultivated by Mr. Cox, of Redleaf. The apex of the frond split exactly down the midvein, the divisions crossing in a curved manner, and the forks curving like the upper mandible of a parrot, occasionally dividing in the same way over and over again. The lower jiortion of the frond normal. DiVARiCATUM, Moore. — Found in "Westmoreland by ^Fr. .T. Crossfield, and at Oldstead, in Yorkshire, by Mr. V. Monkmau. Normal below, dividing near the apex into two branches, which spread out at a wide angle, and these fork again in the same manner. Ramoso-glomer'atum, Moore. — A lovely dwarf form. Stipites ramose, producing several branches, which are again ramose from the very base of their lamina, branching out into several so much dilated divisions as to form rounded, densely-crisped, obtuse-looking tufts, with bluntly-crenated margins. The fronds consisting of a series of five or six of these dense glomerate frilled masses all brought together into one head. Found by Mr. James in Guernsey. SCOLOPENDKIUM VULCi.VHE. 313 Cacumene, Lowe. (Fio-. 714.) — Length twelve inches, widest in the centre of the frond. The margin irregular, lobate and lacerate, the apex contracted and forming a head of narrow divergent lacerated flat branches. Found by Mr. W. Edwards, in Devonshire. Fig. 714. Fis. 715. Lacertum, Loioe. (Fig. 715.)— Found at the Woodlands, near Whitby, by Mr. W. WiUison, of Whitby, and called by him "The Lizard," hence the adoption of Lacertum, from the fact that the apex of the frond frequently resembles the tail of the lizard, and the lobes bear some resemblance to the paddles of this reptile. The illustration is from Mr. Willison. PoLYCuspis-ANGUSTUM, Moove. — Raised from spores in 1863 by Messrs. Stansfield, of the Vale Nursery, Todmorden. A VOL. Ji. 2 s 314 SCOLOPENDRILM VULGARE. dwarf Fern, six inches long, not unlike the figure of ramostim, narrow and interrupted, with a compact, many-pointed, circular head, much lacerated on the margins. Crista-galli, IVollaston. — Found some years ago at Glan- ville's Wootton, in Dorsetshire, by Mr. G. B. WoUaston, and more recently at Nettlecombe by Mr. Elworthy, at Malham by Mr. Stansfield, and on IVTiitbarrow by Mr. F. Clowes. Allied to multijidum, but diifering in the apex, being a com- plicated folding rather than a complicated dividing of its parts. Length of fronds twelve or fourteen inches and one and a half to two and a half inches broad, cordate at the base, more or less undulate below, the margin crenatc, and the apex forming a compactly crispy tuft. Depauperatum, WoUaston. — Raised from spores by Mr. G. B. WoUaston. A remarkable form of dxgitatum curiously deformed, having instead of fronds little else than their mid- ribs, which form subulate points one to two inches long, which are simple, bifid, or multifid. Occasional large digitate fronds are produced. PoLYSCHiDES, Ray, {angustatum and angustifolium of gardens.) — A narrow-fronded form, known even as early as the time of E.ay. More recently it has been found at Lismore, Bristol, Fareham, Edlington, Ilfracombe, and in Guernsey. Fronds narrow, strap-shaped, having numerous deep incisions on its margins; irregularly crenately-lobed, the base subtruncate. Sori irregular, short, and linear. Length of frond from six to twelve inches, width three quarters of an inch. Vivo-POLYSCHiDEs, ClapJuim, ffoecundum, Sim.) — Raised from spores by Mr. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. Remarkably proliferous when young, Mr. Clapham having counted as many as sixteen bulbillaj on a single young plant. Fronds narrow, irresfularlv sublobate, and crenatclv dentate. A form of pohjschidcs. Lineato-multieidum, Loice. — Raised at Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthv. Lensrth of frond six to seven inches. Exceed- SC01.0PENDRIUM VULGARE. 315 ingly narrow, and fertile along the margin. The apex much branched, and the divisions very narrow. Fertile also along the margins of the branched portions. The margins inconspic- uously lacerate. Fig. 716. CoNSTELLATUM, Loice. (Fig. 716.) — Raised by Mr. Glave, of Scarborough. Length six inches. The stem branching at the base, then twin-fronded an inch above the base, and these ramose; the lamina narrow and dej)auperate, and the apex densely crested. Detectum, Moore. — A dwarf form, the stipites dividing in the upper half, and the branches re-dividing several times. Sori destitute of an indusium. Kaised from spores by Mr. Elworthy. Hastatlm, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James, of Vauvert. Dwarf, from three to five inches in length. Frond narrow, broadest in the middle, the base spreading out into a pair of oblong, acute, divergent lobes more than an inch long and three eighths wide. The margin unequally crenato-lobate, and the apex multifid. Suprasoriferous. There is a dwarfcr 316 SCOLOPENURIUM VULGARE, form, broadest at the base, only slightly multifid, and less crenate. Found at Hazelwood, Sligo, by the Kev. W. K. Bailey. Fig. 717 Fig. 718. TiAR^FORME, Lou-c. (Fig. 717.) — Found in Devonshire. A large form. Length eighteen inches, width two inches and a half; thick, sligktly crisjoed and distantly incised on the wavy margin; five inches below the apex branching into a turban-like multifid head. Sori large, bold, and abundant. A distinct variety. CoRONARE, Loive. (Fig. 718.) — Eaised from spores at High- field House. More or less oblong-ovate, base usually lobate on SCOLOPENDKIUM VULGARE. 317 one side only, slightly undulate near the margin, and crenate below the contracted part, where the costa divides into a nu- merously branched flat head, four inches across; the margins laciniate, with open sinuses. Length of frond nine inches. Fig. 719. CoNJUNGENDUM, Loice. (Fig. 719.) — Found in DcA'onshire by the Rev. F. Mules. A distant form, with fronds of thin substance. The stem forked near the base fnto twin fronds, narrow, nearly strap-shaped, with a smooth uncut margin, and a much-branched, leafy, multifid head, the extreme ajiices angular and pointed. Length thirteen inches, of which the basal four inches and a half is naked. Three inches below the apex branching, the width across the twin heads eight inches. 318 SCOLOPEXDRIUM VULGARE. Sagittifolium, IVollaston. — Found at Littlehampton, Sussex, by Mr. G. B. WoUaston; at Whitby by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough; Eocbe Abbey, Yorkshire, by Mr. S. Appleby; Frcniington, Devonshire, by the late Mr. C. Jackson; and in the counties of Clare and Kerry by Dr. AUchin. Characteristic from the auricled portions of the base of the frond being elongated, each with a distinct midrib, and directed downwards as with the barbs of an arrow. In other respects more or less normal. Laceratum-dissectum, Moore. — Raised from spores by Mr. C. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe. Dwarf. Length of frond four to six inches. Fronds singularly dissected, sometimes flabellate, as broad as long, and divided down to the costa into three segments, each of which are profoundly divided into broad cuneate inciso-dentate segments. Sori produced on the margins of the sinuses. Lacerato-elegans, Moore. — Raised from sj)ores by Mr. AV. Willison, of Whitby. A singular form. The fronds forming an irreo-ular mass six inches in length and four inches in width. The fronds are divided irregularly quite to the costa into several divisions, which are again profoundly cleft-lobed, dilated, and crispy at the apices. LiMBOspERMUM, Moore. — Found near Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthy. A singular form, with coriaceous fronds. Length eight or ten inches, and one inch and a half wide near the base, narrowing to the apex, and becoming forked slightly below the point, with the branches forked at their tips. Base usually subtruncate. The margins slightly irregular, with pro- jecting lobes pointing forwards. Obscurely dentate. The sori very short, and often dot-like, and situated on the extreme edge, forming an irregular, narrow, marginal line. Slightly suprasoriferous. •An illustration is unnecessary. Margin ato-corxutum, Moore. — Raised from spores both by Mr. Wollaston and the late ]\Ir. C. Jackson. Fronds from thi'ee to six inches in length. Base subtruncate, narrowish, oblong, apex blunt and rounded, the margin numerously lobed, the SCOI.OPENDRIUM VULGAKE. 319 lobes narrow. The under side of the frond has an excurrent soriferous membrane, and the costa terminates in a horn. Fig. 720. Fk 721. CoRNUTO-LACERATUM, Mo7ikman. (Fig. 720.) — A dwarf lac eratutn, which is cornute the stipes. The illustration is from Mr. Monkman Length five inches, one half being Latum, Lowe. (Fig. 721.) — Length twelve inches, width four inches. Slightly crisped, outline irregular, near the apex naked to the costa, apex of the costa cornute. This differs from latifolium, the latter variety being thirteen inches long, and nearly five inches wide, with spore-cases as much as two inches in length. Sinuatum, Wollaston. — Found at Ilfracombe by the Rev. J. M. Chanter; at Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthy; Littlehampton by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; Ashdale, near Helmsley, and jMoughton, 320 SCOLOPEXURIUM VULGAUE. near Settle, by Mr. A. Clapham; Kirkham Abbey, Oldstead, and Malton by Mr. C. Monkman; Whitbarrow by Mr. G. B, WoUaston; Ruthin by Mr. T. Pritchard; and Guernsey by Mr. J. James and the late Mr. C. Jackson. Large growing and irregular. In some the margin is sinuated with irregular-sized lobe-like projections. Sometimes irregular portions contracted with brief teeth or shallow lobes, and sometimes with large oblong projections. The contracted parts are occasionally crisped. The base, apex, or one side only of the frond occa- sionally altered. The base mostly imperfectly developed; the apex attenuate and occasionally multifid. All the fronds differ from each other. Sori normal. Length of frond eighteen inches, width in the lower portion from a half to three quarters of an inch, in the upper half one inch and a half. Sagittato-lobatum, Moore. — Found at the Woodlands near Whitby by Mr. W. Willison. Differing from sagittato-cristatum in having longer and more acute basal lobes, directed down- wards. The apex branching into a tuft of flat acute segments, below which the margin is crenate-lobate. Lacerato-ramosum, Moore. — Raised from spores by Mr. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe. A j^ygmy form, with fronds two inches in length and two inches in width. Stipites two or three- branched, and each branch multifidly forked, the idtiniate divisions blunt and dentate. Slightly marginate beneath. Another similar form, but more flabellate, has been also raised bv jNIr. Elworthy. Striatum, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James, of Vauvert, and more recently at Barnstaple and at Littlehampton. Fronds broad, sublanceolate, indistinctly crenate, and to some extent undulate. The ^peculiarity being obliquely streaked with yellowish green on a deep green, giving a striated appearance. Perafero-cornutum, Moore. — Raised from spores in 1857 by Mr. James, of Vauvert. Dwarf. Fronds three inches high, including the stipites, cordate at the base, slightly undulate, rounded and retusely bi-lobed at the apex. At the base of the apical cleft the costa is excurrent and horned, and around SCOLOPENDRIUM VU1,GARE. 321 the lower portion of the horn, on the under side of the frond, is a frilled funnel-shaped cup three quarters of an inch in diameter. <^ Fis. 722. Fig. 723. Sag ITT ATI" M, Allchin. (Fig. 722.) — Found at Tiverton by the Rev. C. Padlcy. Length twelve inches, broadest in the centre. Sagittate, the aj)ex blunt-pointed, pointed lobes at the base, and the margin irregular from the consjiicuous pointed lobes, which project beyond the general outline. The general outline of the frond somewhat resembling a Roman sword. My thanks are due to the Rev. C. Padley for fronds. Grandiceps, Lowe. (Fig. 723.) — A large-growing form, branching in the centre of the frond, where the costa is VOL. II. 2 T 322 SCOLOPENDKIUM VULGARE. cornutc, into a large and a small much-branclicd very leafy double head. Its origin is obscure. Fig. 724. Glomerato-variabile, Monhman. (Fig. 724.) — Eaised from spores by Mr. Stansfield, of Todmorden, and now in tlie possession of Mr. Monkman, of Malton. Length sixteen inches, of which the basal six inches is naked. Varying in width across the head from six to ten inches. No two fronds alike. Some- times a simple frond, others a bifid, others closely resembling glomeratum in whole or in part, sometimes half the division will be like glomeratum, and the other repeatedly branched, with normal-looking divisions. The illustration is from Mr. Monkman. Fallax, 3foore. — Found at Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire, by Mr. G. B. WoUaston. Dwarf. Fronds somewhat wavy, the SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. 323 whole surface having a dull mealy appearance, roughish and lustreless, bemg discoloured in streaks. Fig. 725. Fi;; 72G, MuRicATUM-TEXUE, Paclley. (Fig. 725.) — Found in Devon- shire by the Rev. C. Padley. Length nine inches, of which the lower six inches is the naked stem, then narrow, lacerated, muricate, crisped, and supra-marginate near the edge, higher up the lamina exj^anding beyond the marginate belt for a short distance and then terminating. The apex contracting, lacerate, muricate, and supra-marginate. Fronds irregdlar in form. I am indebted to Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall, for a plant. Plecomenon, Lowe. (Fig. 726.) — Raised from spores in the Fernery at Highfield House. Length of frond six inches. Twin-fronded, irregularly branching, the outline very irregular, and usually broadly bidentate. Lato-mletieidum, Moore. — Found at Wood riumpton, near Bristol, by Mr. Stansfield. J^ength of frond six or seven inches, 324 SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. width two inches and a half in the basal normal portion. The apex more or less repand, and mnltifidly divided into numerous segments. Elegans, Moore. — Found at Castle Howard, Yorkshire, by Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton. Length of frond nine inches, with a stipes of five inches. Fronds narrowish, but irregular in width, occasionally with prominent lobes, usually wavy in outline, with a crenate-dentate margin, which is minutely crisped. PoLYSCHiDES-PYGM(EUM, MoovB. — Raised from spores by Mr. Claj)ham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. Undulate, occa- sionally furcate at the apex. Base of frond truncate or cordate, and the frond irregularly contracted. Fronds only two or three inches high. Sagittato-crispu>[, Moore. — -Foimd at Petersfield, Hamp- shire, and at Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston, and at Barnstaple by the late Mr. C Jackson. Large-growing and handsome. Length of frond twelve to fourteen inches, width three inches. Much undulated and crenately-lobed, the base elongated into a pair of acute lobes, combining the characters of sagittifolmm and crispum. Copiously soriferous. Sagittato-laceratum, Moore. — Found near Whitby by Mr. J. Willison. Dwarf. Fronds much frilled, having arrow-shaped basal lobes and a dilated apex. The divisions of the frilled margins lacerate, the lobes being longish and acute. CRisPUM-iRREorLARE, Moore. — A garden variety, curiously lobate, the fronds having three or four rcniform lobes at the base, the margin here and there profoundly divided and irregular, some parts laciniate, and there submarginatr. Fronds frequently dwarf, and occasionally cornute, with a blunt terminal lobe. Undulato-projectum, Moore. — Found at Mulgrave Castle, Yorkshire, by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todniorden. Curious, broad, somewhat undulated form, with cordate base, remarkable for the production of distant, prmecthig, pointed, marginal SCOLOPEXDKIUM VULGAKE. 325 lobes, half an inch or more in length, and sometimes split into three or four linear tooth-like divisions. Filenium, two hundred and seven species, A. marinum, A. lucidum, A. hulhiferum, A. trichomanes, and A. viviparum being examples; 3. — Athyrium, twenty-nine species, A. flix-fcemina and A. umhrosuni being examples; 4. — Eudiplazium, fifty-one species,^, striatum being an example; 5. — Anisogonitmi, seven species, A. escidentum being an example; and 6. — Hemidictyum, four species, A. marginatum and A. ceterach being examples. Mr. Thomas Moore, in "Index Filicum," retains the genus Ceterach, and does not agree in uniting the Mediterranean form aureum with our British officinarum, notwithstanding that my namesake, the Ecv. R. T. Lowe, has found every variety of form and size vmiting the two. VOL. II. 3 B 370 CETEKACH. The obscure indusium is so marked a feature that I have followed the latter authority, preferring this to the bolder conception of uniting in one grand family such species as A. marmum, Athyrium JiUx-foemina, Diplazium striatum, Hemidictyiim mai'ginatum, and Ceterach officinarum. Only one British species. CETERACH O' Fig. 779— Portion of mature Froiul, upper side. CETERACH OFFICINARUM. WiLLDENOW. The Scaly SpJeenwort. PLATE LVII. Cdeyarh officinamm. Cetcrach ceteracli, " latifolmm, var. " Canariensis, " " aurerim, " Acrostlclbum aureum, " G^-animitis aurea, " Asplenium latifolium, " Notolepium ceteracli, Scolopendrlum ceteracli, Vittaria ceteracli, Gijmnopteris ceteracli, Graitimitis ceteracli, *( it Gijiiinor/ranDiic ceteracli, WiLLDENOW, Hooker and Aknott. Gkay. Babington. Deakin. Fee. Newman. Bentham. Sowerby. Moore. Link. Henfler. Nyman. Mettenius. E. J. Lowe. Desvaux. KuNZE. Webb and Berth. J. Smith. Pappe and Rawson. Newman. Fee. Willdenow, Link. Webb. Cavanilles. Swartz. BORY. Newman. Symons. Smith. Roth. Bernhardi. Bernhardi. Swartz. Schkuhr. Mackay. Hooker. Koch. Loddiges. Sprengel. Presl. Ledebour. Sadler. dni CETERACH OFEICINAKUM. AspleniHin, ceterach, LiNNiEUS. Bolton. Ligutfoot. " Stukm. Cavanilles. Lamarck. " " Hooker. " sinaatiim, Salisbury, {Not of Poiret, Hooker, or Mettenius.) Blccloiiim sqitamosuiu, Stokes. Polypodium asplenioides, Scopoli. Sciikuiir. Ceterach — A name (Ghetheral:) given by the Arabian and Persian physicians. Oficinarum — ? Fronds numerous. Length one inch and a half to eight inches, fleshy coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, profoundly pinnatifid, frequently pinnate below, deep green, smooth above, densely tawny-scaly beneath. Veins forked and indistinct. Caudex brief, tufted, scaly. Vernation circinate. Stipes brief, densely tawny-scaly, and venose, with numerous black reticulations. Sori covering the whole under side of the frond, linear oblong. Indusium obsolete. A local Fern, growing on walls and ruins from the sea level to an altitude of six hundred feet. Found in Cornwall, Devonshire, Somersetshire, Hampshire, Dorsetshire, Wiltshire, Sussex, Hertfordshire, Kent, Berkshire, Essex, Surrey, Oxfordshire^ Norfolk, Suffolk, Gloucestershire, Warwickshire, Monmouthshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Staffordshire, Shropshire, Nottinghamshire, (Nottingham Park, Colwick, and Fapplewick, probably now extinct in this county,) Derbyshire, Cheshire, Lancashire, (I have seen it abundantly in two new localities near Clitheroe, namely, Pcndle Hill and Browsholme Hall, always the variety crenatum.) Yorkshire, Northumberland, Westmorland, Cumberland, Brecknockshire, Glamorganshire, Carmarthenshire, Pembrokeshire, Denbighshire, Merionethshire, Carnarvonshire, Berwickshire, Dumfriesshire, Kircudbrightshire, Penfrewshire, Lanarkshire, Argyleshire, Perthshire, Antrim, Down, Fermanagh, Sligo, Galway, Louth, Dublin, Wicklow, Kilkenny, Waterford, Tipperary, Clare, Cork, Kerry. Jersey, Isle of Wight, Arran Isles, and Anglesea. Abundant in the west and north-west of England. Ireland, abundant, but local. Rare in Scotland and on the east of England. CETEUACH OFFICINAKUM. 373 Found abroad in Holland, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Siberia, Austria, Hungary, Greece, Turkey, Russia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Transylvania, the Balearic Isles, Gothland, Ural Mountains, Caucasus, Armenia, India, Algiers, Madeira, Azores, Canaries, and Cape de Verd Isles, Asia Minor, Erzeroum, Karabagh, Thibet, BrazU, etc. It is doubtful whether the larger-growing Ceterach Cana- riensis of Willdenow is a distinct species. The Ceterach is said to requii'e a rough porous soil of sandy loam, with fragments of limestone, and kept rather dry. The finest plants I have seen have been left to take care of themselves in a damp situation and a close heavy clayey soil, where the sun never shines, but exposed to the north. Growing wild they are seldom found excejot on the south or sunny side of a wall. There are but few varieties of this species that have come under my notice. Crenatum, Moore, {Sinuatiim of Kinahan.) — Found at Arnside Knot, Ambleside, by Miss Beever; Keswick by Miss Wright; Pendle Hill, near Clitheroe, by Mr. Garnett; Browsholme Hall, near Clitheroe, by myself; Crickhowel, Brecknockshire, by Mr. J. R. Cobb; Devonshire by Mr. R. J. Gray; Kinnoul Hill, near Perth, by Mr. T. Wilcke; in Kir- cudbrightshire by Mr. AV. G. Johnstone; Clare by Dr. Allchin; Blackhead and Galway by ]\Ir. R. Barrington; Carberry Island by Major A. S. H. Lowe; and AA^aterford by Mr. J. R. Kinahan. Mostly larger than the normal form, having the margins of the lobes crenate-sinuate. A form of this Fern, crenatum-minor , differs only in being less than the normal form with a crenate margin. Ramosum, Moore. — Found at Ilfracombe by Mr. J. Dadds. Dwarf. Length two inches, the fronds twin at the top of the stipites, the branches resembling small normal fronds, occasionally dilated upwards, the margin scarcely divided. Minimum, Lowe. (Fig. 780.) — Found in Devonshire. A dwarf normal form, its peculiarity consisting in the fronds not exceediu"' two inches in length. CETERACH OFFICINARUM. Variabile, Lowe. (Fig. 781.) — A lax form, with variable pinna;, some uncut, others irregularly crenate and variously shaped. Found at Browsholme Hall, Lancashire. Length five inches. FiK 780 Fig. 781. Depauperatum, IVoUaston. — Found at Kilkenny by Colonel Buchanan. Fronds variable, some sinuate-pinnatifid irregularly, others with a bifurcate apex, some with an acuminate apex, others cornute. Segments much dejjauperated or almost wanting, the fronds resembling a sinuately-winged rachis. K A !,()>', Lowe. (Fig. 782.) — A handsome form, eight inches long, and one inch and a half wide in the widest part. CETERACH OFFICINARUM. 375 Pinnae large, with conspicuous projecting crenate lobes. Pinnje rounded at the aj^ex. This variety approaches nearest to the Ceterach Canariensis of Willdenow, (Asjjleniwn ceterach var. aureum of Hooker.) Fig. 782. Figs. 783, 784. Ramoso-cristatum, Lowe. (Figs. 783 and 784.) — An extra- Oii) CETERACH OFFIC'INARUM. ordinary form, originally found in Ireland, and now growing luxuriously on the rockery of Mr. A. Wise, of Woodcote, near Warwick. Fronds branching, multifid at the apex, and now and then crested also. Pinnre variable in size and form, some pinnatifidly or even pinnately branching. A large-growing varietv. The illustrations are from ]Mr. Wise. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF CETERACH OFFICINARUM. Crenatuni, Moore Depauperatum, Wollaston Kalon, Lmne Minimum, Lowo PAGE 373 374 374 373 Ramoso-cristatum, Lov^e Ramosum, Moore Variabile, Lotoe PAGF, 375 373 374 i.OMARi A. GENUS X. LOMARIA. WiLM)KNow. FiiONOs simple, pinnatifid or pinnate; the fertile fronds contracted. Sori submarginal or contracted, linear and indusiate, the indusium subintraniarginal. The fertile fronds always contracted. Moore, Bentham, Swartz, Schkuhr, Mettenius, and others, have considered the British Fern about to be described as a Blechnum, and the sori when young closely agrees with Blechnum; yet I agree with the late Sir W. J. Hooker, that the habit and dimorphous fronds are so characteristic of Lomaria, as to make it imperative to place our "Hard Fern" in the genus Lomaria. There is so great an affinity between Blechnum and Lomaria that Schlcchtendal lias united the two genera, and his vievv^s have been adopted by other able pteridologists. Sir W. J. Hooker, in his "Species Filicum," enumerates fifty -five species as Lomaria, and forty as Blvchnam. A large family, but only one species a native of Great Britain. VOL. 11. 3 c Fig. 785. — Portion of mature sterile Frond, under side. LOMARIA SPICANT. Desvaux. The Hard Fern. PLATES I.VIII, LIX, AND LX. Lomarla spicant, " crenata, " borealis, Blechnum siiicant, boreale. " heterophyllnm, " spicans, Osmunda borealis, " spicant, Onoclea spicant, Aspleniam spicant, Struihiopieris spicant. Desvaux. Sprengel. Link. Fee. Ruprecht. Presl. Pappe and Rawson. Newman. Deakin. Hooker. E. J. Lowe. Kunze. J. Smith. Brakenridge. Presl. Sprengel. (The variety crenatiim.) Link. Smith. Withering. Roth. Koch. Fries. Ledebour. Moore. Newman. Bentham. Nyman. Cavanilles. SwARTz. Smith. Gray. Hooker and Arnott. Mackay. Babington. Sowerby Schkuhr. Sturm. WiLLDENOW. MeTTENIUS. ScHLECUTENDAL. OpHIZ. {Not of SCHLECHTENDAL.) Wollaston. Salisbury. LlNN.^iUS. LlGHTFOOT. BoLTOX. CORTIS. PoiRET. Hoffmann. Berniiardi. Weis. Scopoli. Allioni 380 LOMARIA SPICANT. Acrostichurn spicanf, Villaks. Sibtiior?. E.OTII. " ncmorale, Lamakck. Stegania hm-ealis, E. Brown. S'plcanta horealis, Presl. Acrosticlmm lineatum, Cavanilles. Swartz. Desvaux. Wilt.tieno^v. (Variety crenatum.) Ziomarin — Frorn Ionia, a fringe, relating to tbe iudnsium. Spicant — Spiked. Two kinds of fronds. — Sterile from six to twenty inches long, and one to two inches broad, spreading or flat, coriaceous, deep green, linear -lanceolate, pectinately-pinnatifid, segments linear- oblong and curved, base dilate and confluent, apex blunt or acute, margins entire. JFet'iile erect, length twelve to thirty inches, growing in a mass in the centre of the plant. Pinnate below, segments linear-acute, only half the width of the fertile fronds, distant below, approximate upwards. Caudex stout, tufted, and with narrow tawny -brown scales. Venation circinate. Stipes of sterile frond from one to five inches in length, and dark purplish brown. E,achis channeled in front, rounded behind. Stipes of fertile frond from five to ten inches long, and dark purple. Fertile on the whole under surface. Sori indusiate, linear, and extending on either side the costa the whole length of the segment. Confluent. One of the commonest of British Ferns, growing from the sea-level to four thousand feet altitude, in rough heathy or stony places, or in shady banks and woods where moist. Localities too numerous to enumerate. Found throughout Europe, also in Madeira, Canary, TcncrifFe, Azores, Cape of Good Hope, Northern Africa, Chili, Australia, Japan, and in North-west America. A beautiful species, easily cultivated, prefen-ing a north aspect and a moist soil. There are a number of curious varieties: — Gracile, Lowe, (c/ractlis of Stansfield.) — Found at Harley- wood Slack by Mr. Stansfield. Smaller than the normal form, very slender, the lobes distant and somewhat contracted. LOMARIA SPICANT. 381 Fio-. 786. Fig. 787. Stricta, Loire, {stricfvm of Francis.) (Fig. 786.) — Found •382 LOMARIA SPICANT. in Westmorland by Miss Beever; near Black Holme, Winder- mere, by Mr. F. Clowes; in Ireland by Dr. Allcbin; Vale of Todmorden and near Llanrwst by Mr. A. Stansfield; and near Halifax. Sterile fronds lanceolate, more narrowed towards the base than the apex. Length six to nine inches. Segments distant, linear-obtuse, with dilated base, the lower ones rounded. Margins irregularly crenate-dentate, and recurved. Fertile fronds twelve to eighteen inches, with very narrow segments. Padleyense, Loioe. (Fig. 787.) — A remarkable form, found at Exmouth by the Rev. Charles Padley, of Beaconfield, Plymouth. Length twelve inches. The basal seven inches and a half simply winged linearly, being only one eighth of an inch wide, above which suddenly above one inch and a half wide, the pinnae being attached, as it were, to the exterior of this wing, serrated with a rounded end. The illustration is from the Rev. C. Padley. Breviloba, Lowe, (brevilohum of Moore.) — Found above Acre Mill, Rosendale, by Mr. Stansfield. Frond three to four inches long, narrow, the lobes only one eighth of an inch in length. The apex confluent into a broad, terminal, obtuse lobe. Angustifrons, Moore. — Found in the Yale of Todmorden by Mr. Stansfield. Lax and thinner, widening to an inch in the centre of the frond, and tapering off both to the base and apex. Length ten inches. FissA, Lowe, (fissum, Moore.) — Found near Tunbridge AVclls and Todmorden. A large form, having the rachis at the apex split down several inches, both sides bearing lobes, those on the inner side being much the smallest. The apices sometimes multifid. Crispum-erectum. leery. — A handsome, dwarf, much-imbri- cated erect form, received from Messrs. Ivery, of Dorking. Length three inches. Narrowing to the base. Cuisi'A, Lowe, (crisjnmi of Wollaston.) — Found in Broadwater LOMAKIA Sl'lCANl' 383 Forest, Timbridgc AVclls, by Mr. G. B. Wullaston. Sterile fronds eight to ten inches long, lateral segments crowded, obtuse-pointed, and curled on the margin. The apices of the fronds multifid crisped, forming a small tassel. Fertile fronds similar, and the ends of the narrow lateral segments obtuse. Fig. 788. Fig. 789. FuRCANS, Monkman. (Fig. 788.) — Dwarf; pinnre distant and dissimilar in size, and near the apex furcate with caudate ajiices. The illustration is from iNIr Monkman. Anomala, Lowe, {anomalum of Moore.) (Fig. 789.) — Found at Walsden, Lancashire, by Mr. A. Stansfield; Peck Hill by Mr. R. Morris; near Loch Alsh, Ross-shire, by Miss Mahy; and Birkcr Force, Cumberland, by INIr. F. Clowes. Thin texture, habit lax. Length six to twelve inches. Arching, 384 LOMARIA SPICANT. segments narrow and subfalcate. Sometimes the upper pinnules are alone fertile, in others sori are produced here and there without any distinction between barren and fertile fronds, Anomala-minus, Lowe, {anomalum- minus of Moore.) — Found at Beddgelart, Carnarvonshire, by Mr. F. C. Wilson, and on Walsden Moor by Mr. Stansfield. A small form of anoniala, only four inches in height. As it is merely anoniala in a dwarf state, no illustration is necessary. Fig. 790. — Portion of fVond. GiGANTEA, Lowe. (Fig. 790.) — A very large form, found at Totness, Devonshire, in 1865, by Mr. W. Edwards, of Xuthall. Length sixteen inches, width three inches and a half. Tliis gigantic form, with long narrov,'-])ointed attenuate crowded pinnse, might be easily mistaken for the Lomaria Australis. The illustration is from Mr. Edwards. CoNCiNNA, Lowe, {concinnam of Moore.) — Found in the Valley of Conway by Mr. Holmes and Mr. Stansfield, Mar wood by the Rev. F. Mules, and Barnstaple by the late Mr. C. Jackson. Length six to nine inches, lower portion linear, with rounded dentate segments, above imequal in length, some segments obtuse, some acute, here and there interrupted by short rounded lobes. Fertile fronds very much depauperated. LOMAUIA Sl'lCAM'. ;j8o Fig. 791.— Middle portion of Froiul. Fig. 792.— Middle portion of Frond. SuBSERRATA, Loioc , {subservatum, Moore.) (Plate LIX — A., and Figs. 791 and 792.) — Found near Castle Howard by Mr. C. Monkman, and near Todmorden by Mr. Stansfield, Fronds narrowisli. Length six to twelve inches, width three quarters of an inch to one inch and a quarter. The base often scarcely narrowed, the fronds curving laterally, and the acute segments falcately curved, so as to overlie each other; anterior margin entire, posterior margin creuate. Fertile fronds also deorsely- crenate. E.AMOSA, Lowe, {ramostim, Kinahan.) (Plate LIX. — B.) — Found near LTpper Lough Bray, County A\'^icklow, by the late Dr. Kinahan; between Ashleagh and Eriife, County Mayo, by Captain Morton Eden; Furness Fells and Windermere bv Mr. J. Huddart; and in Cai-narvonshire by ]\[r. Clift. This interesting form has the rachis of both sterile and f(>rtile fronds dividing into dichotomously crowded branches, with curled dense blunt-ended apical tufts. Crispa-aurhw, Loice, {crispum-auritum, Moore.) — Found in Ireland by the late Dr. Kinahan. Sterile fronds curled, but haviug no terminal crest. Fertile fronds slightly multifid at the VOL. II. 3 D 386 LOMARIA SPICANT. apices, and the segments aurite at the base, serrate on the margm, and acute or furcate at their tips. SuBiMBRiCATA, Lowe. — Found at Nettlecombe, Somerset- shire, by Mr. C. Elworthy. Having longer and somewhat less dense fronds. Parvula, Loice, {parvulum, Moore.) — Found at Barnstaple by the late Mr. C. Jackson, and at Todmorden by Mr. A. Stansfield. Sterile fronds four to six inches long, and not half an inch wide, and much tapered at the base. Segments crowded, imbricated, and small, ovate above and rounded below. In^quale, Moore. — Found near Todmorden by Messrs. Stansfield. Irregular, with acute unequal segments, but having a normal lanceolate outline. Latipes, Moore. — Found near Todmorden by Mr. Stansfield. Sterile fronds six inches long and one inch and a quarter broad, the segments not decreasing to the base, but even rather longer there. Brevifrons, Moore. — Fomid in the Vale of Todmorden by Mr. Stansfield. Dwarf. Lobes broad. Length five inches, width one inch. Lance-shaped, and with the few lower segments shorter. Not unlike Lomaria alpina. Majus, Moore. — Found near Nettlecombe, Somersetshire, by Mr. Elworthy. An iniusually large form, with segments two inches long, dilate at the base, and tapering towards an acute apex. Erosa, Loice, {erosum, Moore.) — Found in the Vale of Todmorden by Mr. Stansfield. Length three inches. Fronds irregularly lanceolate, segments variously shaped, their margins erose. Ramo-depauperata, Loioe, {ramo-depauperatum, Stansfield.) — Found in the Clova Mountains by Mr. J. Horsfall. Sterile LOMARIA SPICANT. 387 fronds linear below, with brief, rounded, dentate segments, interrupted above, the short segments being interspersed with unequally elongated ones having dilated apices. Usually vari- ously forked and branched. t ^; Fig. 793. Fig. 794. Fig. 795. MiNiMA-iNTERRUPTA, Loive, {minimum-interruptum, Clapham.) (Fig. 793.)— Found at Ilkley, in Yorkshire, in 1863, by Mr. Clapham. A small interrupted form. Length six inches; pinnae various in size and form, some abruptly contracted in the centre. The illustration is from Mr. Clapham. .388 LOMARIA Sl'ICANT, CoNFERTA, Loice, {confcrtnm, Clapliam.) (Fig. 794.) — An interesting, dwarf, elegant form, found by Mr. A. Clapham, at Ilkley, in Yorkshire, in 1863. Pinnae crowded and imbri- cated, narrow at the base, widening to the centre, and then narrowing to the apex. The pinna? blunt at their apices, with an abrui:)t, sharp, thorn-like point. Projecta, Lowe, {projectum, Moore.) (Fig- T95.) — Found near Ben Lawers by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Sterile fronds very narrowly linear-lanceolate, the base and apex tapering, being half an inch wide in the centre. Lobes bluntly rounded and contracted, except here and there normal, and therefore j^rojecting beyond the narrow outline. Fig. 796. — Middle portion of Frond. Fig. 71)7 — Middle portion of Frond. Hetusa, Lowe, {retusum, Cla2)ham.) (Fig. 796.) — An interest- ing Fern. Length seven inches, width in the centre one inch and a quarter. Pinnae retuse and curving. Found by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough, at Ilkley, Yorkshire, in 1863. Crispato-imbricata, Lowe, {crispato-lmhricatuin, Stansfield.) (Fig. 797.) — Length eight inches. An imbricated crispate form, with flexuose pinnre. Interrupta, Lowe, {iiitcrruptum, Wollaston.) — Found near Tunbridge Wells by INIr. A\'ollaston, and at Castle Howard by Mr. C. Monkman. A ariablc. Some fronds multifid. or near LOMARIA SriCAXT. 389 the apex irregularly branched, others with depauperate segments, some unilateral near the apex, with the rachis bent hook-like; others furcate, or semi-fertile, and all the fronds interrupted. Fig. 798— Middle portion of Frond. Fig. 799 —Apex of Frond. Serrata, Lotce, {scrratum, Wollaston.) (Fig. 798.) — Found near Tunbridge Wells and Ottery St. Mary by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; Barnstaple by the late Mr. C. Jackson; Tanfield Dean, in Durham, by Mr. T. Wilcke; and at Todmorden by Mr. Fielden. Sterile fronds twelve inches long, deeply ser- rated, tips often furcate. Fertile fronds longer, broadly lanceolate, being three inches wide in the centre; the lobes sharply serrated, and occasionally forked at the tips. The fronds sometimes furcate. KiTSONi-a:, Lowe. (Fig. 799.) — A dwarf form. Length five inches; pinnae crimj^ed, diminutive at the base of the frond, depauperate and irregular, widest near the apex. Pinnae bending in all directions, and very thin and transparent on their margins. Found at Spitchwick, Ashburton, by Miss Kitson. Tridactyla, Loivc, {tridactylum, Moore.) — Found in Tower- clough, near Portsmouth, by Mr. S. Nowell. Fronds coriaceous. 390 LOMARIA SPICANT. three or four inches long, nearly normal, except at the apex, where three much larger segments are developed, often resem- bling three spreading fingers. i^^ Fig 800, Ramo-cristata, Lotve, {ramo-cristatum, Monkman.) (Fio-. 800.)— Found in Yorkshire by Mr. C. Monkman. Twin branched, with a branching crested apex; pinnae short and broad with almost square aj)ices. Length five inches. Laxcifolia, Lowe, {lancifoliuni, WoUaston.) (Fig. 801.)- LOMAKIA Sl'ICAXT. 391 Found near Timbridge Wells, in 1853, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; more recently on the Clova Mountains, in Forfarshire, and near Llanrwst and Todniorden, by Mr. Stansfield. Sterile fronds very narrow and linear, entire and strap-shaped from the apex downwards for nearly half their length, below having short, blunt, unequal lobes. Length five to eight inches, width one eighth to half an inch. Fertile fronds resembling the sterile ones, the upper portion entire and spike-like, and only one eighth of an inch wide. Sori continuous in a longitudinal line close to the rachis. Fig. 802. Fig. 803. Cristata, Lowe, {cristattim, AVollaston.) (Fig. 802.) — Found near Tunbridge Wells, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; on the Clova Mountains, also in a ravine of Saddleback, Keswick, in 186(3, by Mr. A. Clapham. Sterile fronds six or eight inches long, fertile fronds twelve inches. Fronds normal and lanceolate, except that the apex is variable. Sometimes divided and dilated, v/ith broader lobes dilated at the apex. Fertile fronds, the segments 892 L<)>r\HTA SPICANT. mostly forked. Sometimes the apex of the frond is hranehed into a large multifid head. Sometimes ramose and interrnpted. The frond often sends up sharply-serrated semi-fertile fronds. MuLTiFURCATA, Loice, {multifurcatum, Moore.) (Fig. 803.) — Found near Penryn, Cornwall, by Mr. F. Symons; and near Over Darwen, Lancashire, by Mr. Stansficld. Very irregular in form. The fronds branch once or twice, occasionally near the base, the apices of the fronds many times forked, forming a moderate-sized flat tuft. The apical segments are irregular in form and size, they are sjn-ead out and extended into an acute point, with irregularly notched margins. Length six to eight inches, tapering below and occasionally having a jjair of lateral branches as in trinercia; segments frequently unequal in length. Fig. 804. Fig. 805. Elegans, Moore. (Fig. 804.) — Found in Scotland, by Mr. A. Tait. Length six inches. Pinna) lobatc, being divided to the costa in the upper half of the frond, and scarcely divided and narrowiu"' in the lower hall. li L.uC il ^J l,OMARIA SPICANT. 393 Biceps, Mules. (Fig. 805.) — Found near Marwood, by the Rev. F. Mules. Length nine inches; pinnnc widening to the apex, and then branching into two smaUer caudate-ended fronds. Width two inches and a half immediately below the branching part. Heterophylla, Lowe, {lieteropliyUum, Wollaston.) (Plate LX — A.)— Found near Tunbridge Wells by Mr. Wollaston, Todmorden by Mr. T. Stansfield, and Ilfracombe by Mr. J. Dadds. Bearing two kinds of sterile fronds either separately or together; part normal, and part altered in size and form, the segments becoming narrowed and inciso-dentate, or contracted to a semicircular form, occurring irregularly. Sometimes the fronds are linear, at others irregularly linear. The fertile fronds have the same characters. Imbricata, Lowe, {imhricatmn, Moore.) (Plate LX — B.) — Found at Parracombe and Culborne, Devonshire, by i\L-. J. Dadds; Barnstaple by the late Mr. C. Jackson; AValsden, near Todmorden, by Mr. J. Horsfall; Staups Valley, Todmorden, by Mr. A. Stansfield; Lichfield by Mr. J. Young; near Castle Malgwyn, Pembrokeshire, by Mr. W. Hutchison; in Carnarvon- shire by Mr. Clift; and Glen Almond by Mr. J. Mc'Nab. Fronds five or six inches long, lanceolate, tapering ujowards, breadth one inch; segments imbricated, dense, and oblong-acute. Fertile fronds six or seven inches long, pinnate, with crowded acute segments. Handsome and distinct, with more or less erect fronds, forming a dense bush with a hollow centre. CoNTRACTA, Lowc, {contractum, Stansfield.) (Plate LX. — C.) — Discovered in July, 1859, in Conway Valley, North Wales, by Mr. J. Holmes. This variety is quite constant. In beavity it is a gem. Pinnvdes remarkably narrow for the lower half of the frond, above larger, irregular, and somewhat triangular in form; the apex attenuated; the basal contracted pinnides incised. Length of sterile frond five inches. CoNTRACTA-RAMOSA, Lowc. (Plate LX. — D.) — Discovered on VOL II. 3 E }94 LOMAKIA SPICANT. the Clova Mountains, Scotland, in September, 1859, by Mr. J. Horsfall. Another very handsome Fern. The lower portion of the frond much contracted, but scarcely incised; the pinnules in the middle of the frond somewhat larger, irregular in form, but more or less triangular; at two inches from the apex branched, the pinnules larger, irregular, and the apex of the frond narrow and elongated. Fisr. 80G. Fig. 807. Serrulata, Lowe, {serrulatum, Stansfield, MS.) (Fig. 806.) — A dwarf form, with minute pinna? at the base, gradually widening towards the apex, which is briefly caudate. Serrulate. Length four or five inches. Projecto-multifida, Lo^ve. (Fig. 807.) — A dwarf form of 2)rojectum having a branching apex. Found in Scotland by Mr. A. Tait. LOMARIA SPICANT. 395 ular outline. CoNFi.UENS, Lo)ce. (Fig. 835.) — Pinna^ irregular in size, form, and position, a jiortion overla})[)ing eacli othei'. Frond normal in size. to I ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF LOMARIA >SPICANT. PAGE. PAGK. Abrupta, Luive . 396 Inibricata, Loive 393 Angustifrons, Moore . 382 Inibricato-erecta, Lowe . 399 Anomala, Lo^m . 383 subscrrata, Lowe 401 lineata, Loioe . . 396 Intequale, Moore . 386 minus, Loive 38-i Interrupta, Lowe .388 Attenuata, Lowe . 399 Kitsoniai, Lowe . 389 Biceps, Mules 393 Lancifolia, Lowe 390 Bifida, Loive . . 396 Latifrous, Moore . . 399 Brevifrons, Moore 386 Latipes, Moore . 386 Breviloba, Lowe . 382 Majus, Moore . . 386 Caudata, Lo%oe . 396 Marginato-irregulare, Lowi } 403 Claiihamii, Lowe . . 398 Minima-iuterrupta, Lowe . 387 Concinna, Loioe . 884 Monkmauii, Stansjield 400 Conferta, Loive . 388 Multifida, Loive . 398 Confluens, Lowe . 403 Multifurcata, Lowe 392 Contracta, Loive . 393 Padleyense, Loive , . 382 ramosa, Lowe 393 Parvula, Lowe . 386 Crispa, Loive . . 382 Projecta, Loive . 388 aurita, Lowe 385 Projecto-multifida, Loive 394 erecta, Lowe . . 382 Ram 0- cristata, Lowe . 390 Crispata, Lo-we . 401 depauperata, Lowe 386 Crispato-imbricata, Lowe . 388 Ramosa, Lowe . 385 Cristata, Lowe . 391 Cliftii, Loive 398 Cristato-crispa, Lowe . 401 Ramoso-irregulare, Lowe . 401 Dentigera, Lowe 396 Retusa, Lowe 388 Duplex, Lowe . 397 Rotundata, Loive . . 396 Elegans, Moore . 392 Serrata, Loive 389 Erosa, Lowe . . 386 Serrulata, Lowe . 394 Fissa, Lowe 382 Slricta, Lowe 381 Flabellata, Lowe . . 402 Daddsii, Loive . 396 Furcans, MonJcnian . 383 Subimbricata, Lowe . 386 Gigantea, Lowe . 38 i Subscrrata, Lowe . . 385 Grat-ilo, Loire 380 Tridactyla, Loire 389 Hctcropbylla, Lowe . 393 Triucrvia, Lowe . 400 I'llUlIS. [{)') GENUS XL PTERIS. LIN.N.EUS. Fronds herbaceous or coriaceous, varying- from deconipound to pedate, often large. Sori margmal, linear, and covered with an indusium. Only one British example. PTERIS AQUILINA. PINNA. Fig. 82G.— Portion of pinna of mature Frond, under side. PTEIUS AQUILINA. LlNN^US. Braclen or Common Brakes. PLATE LXI. Pferis aqiiilina. caudata, hrevipes, borealis, fee milt a, nudicaulis, excelsa, recurvata, tei'Dtinalis, Wighiiana, Jirrna, densa, lanuginosa, decomjjonita, villusa, revoluia, LiNN.EUS. I30LT0N. SmITU. BaBINGTON. Hooker and Abnott. Mackav. Deakin. Newman. Sovverby. Mooee. Bentham. SWAKTZ. SCHKUHK. KoCII. WiLLDENOW. Speengel. Sturm. Fries. Ledebour. Agakdh. Svensk. Mettenius, Fee. Nyman. E. J. Lowe. Link. Tausch. Salisbury. Gray. GCluenstadt. Blume. Wallich. Agardu. Wallich. "Wallicii. Wallich. Wallich. BOEY. WiLLDENOW. SPRExVGEL. LiNK. Kaulfuss. Agardh. Fee. Gaudichaud. Fee. Blume. Agaedh. 408 PTEKIS AQin.IXA. Ptcris Capensis, Thunberg. Willdenow. AoARon. " " SCHLECHTENDAL. AUosorus aquilinus, Pbesl. Pappe and Eawson. " arachnoideus, Peesl. " recurvatus, Presl. " Tauricus, Presl. " caudatus, Presl. " Capensis, Pappe and Eawson, {not of Bernhardi or Presl.) " laniiginosus, Presl. " I'Ulosus, Presl. " Hottentottus, Presl. " acutifolius, Presl. Pasia nquilina, MooRE. A-tphnium aquilinum, Bernhardt. Eupteris aquHina, J^ewman. Pteris — Fi'om pteron, Greek for a wing. Aqnilina — Eagle-like. Fronds deep green, variable in size, from six to one hundred and fifty inches long, according to situation; when dwarf triangular and bipinnate, when vigorous elongated and tripinnatc. Pinna^ opposite and distant, and oblong-ovate. Pinnules narrow-lanceolate, contiguous, sometimes caudate. I'ltimatc segments sessile, with apex blunt. Candex thick, extensively creeping, black and velvety. A'cna- tion circinate. Stijies lateral; spindle-shaped. Rachis channeled above, rounded behind. Veins forked. Sori abundant, linear, continuous, indusiatc, and marginal. Indusium double. Found throughout Great Britain and Ireland, and is our most common species, growing from the level of the sea to an altitude of two thousand feet. Also common throughout Europe as far north as Lapland. Found in the Caucasus, in the Ural and Altai Mountains, Siberia, Sitka, China, Kamtschatka, throughout India, Ceylon, Penang, Java, Philippines, Sandwich Isles, Cape of Good Hope, Sierra Leone, Abyssinia, Fernando Po, Sene- gambia, Bourbon, Mauritius, Algiers, Madeira, Canaries, Azores, Isle of Teneriffe, Cape de Yerd, Guatemala, California, Mexico, Pernambuco, Veragua, Canada, ^Massachusetts, and Kentucky. Extensively used in some districts as bedding for cattle, and as thatch; as fuel, and for j^acking; also for preservation of jjlants I'lF.KlS VqilLINA. 409 fVom frost, 'riic undcrgTomid stems arc capable of being used as food. This species will grow in almost any soil, but requires some care in transplanting, and can only be successfully moved when dormant in winter. There are several varieties, namely: — Fig. 827. BisuLCA, Loice. (Fig. 827.) — A slender form with the costa splitting for three or four inches at the apex, and bearing VOL. II. 3 G 410 PTERIS AUrif.IXA. exteriorly ordinary pinna?, and on the inner edges small abortive pinnae. Fiff. 828. Crist ATA, Moore. (Fig. 828.) — A magnificently crested form. Fronds normal in size, the apex of each pinna repeatedly branching, the branches having caudate, bicaudate, or tricaiidate apices. riERlS AQLILINA. 411 {/ -Ti Wmmmr Fig. 82'J.— Apex. Fig. 830.— Pinna. FuRCANs, Loice. (Figs. 829 and 830.) — A broad-pinnulcd form; the pinnae irregular and furcately branched, and the apex of the frond muUifid. Normal in size. Found near IJirmingham by Mr. F. A. Fdekten. 41g PTER18 AQUILINA. k„ M Vv' 831. Eamoso-ieregulare, Claphani. (Fig. 831.)— Piima- and pinnules irregular in size. Tinuie l)rancliing and rc-branching near tlicir a})ices. Normal in !ji/.e. I'TKHIS AQUIl.IXA. 413 Integerrima, 3Ioore. — Found at Marwood by the Rev. F. Mules; Hampstead Heath, Tarbet in Dumbartonshire, and near Loch Katrine, by Mr. T. Moore; St. Albans by Mr. H. D. Henslow; High AVycombe and Potton by Mr. R. Heward; in Teesdale and AVindermere by Mr. F. Clowes; and in County Wicklow and Dublin by Air. R. Barrington. Differing in the secondary pinnules being entire, that is undivided, instead of deeply pinnatifid. Only slightly crenate-lobate at the base. Crispa, WoUaston. — Found on Flampstead Heath by Mr. T. Moore; Shooter's Hill by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; Marwood by the Rev. F. Mules; and Maj^pcrby Plains by Air. Brown. Occasionally multifid. There arc two forms; in one the margins of the pinnule ts (or secondary pinnules) are entire, undulate and reflexed, in the other they are crenate and wavy. MuLTiFiDAj IVoUastoii. — Found at Chiselhurst and Ottery St. Mary by Mr. G. B. AVollaston; Chagford, in Devon, by the Rev. J. M. Chanter; Windermere by Mr. F. Clowes; Keswick bv Miss Wright; Guernsey by Mr. C. Jackson, Mr. J. James, and Miss Isabella A\"ilkinson; Cobhani Park, Kent, by Air. S. O. Gray; and Barnstaple by Mr. H. F. Dempster. There are two forms; in one the apices of the fronds and primary pinnoj are multifid and crisped; in the other not branched, but the pinnules and pinnulets are divided. Depauperata, Wollaston. — Found near Chiselhurst by Mr. G. B. AA^oUaston; Bowness by Air. AA^ood; and Marwood by the Rev. F. Mules. Sometimes irregularly branched, and the shortened lobes decurrent and depauperated or interrupted. ADIAXTIM. 415 GENUS XII. ADIANTUM. LixNN.EUs. Fronds simple to supra-decompound. Stipites and rachides ebeneous. tSori indusiate^ transverse marginal, from linear to reniform. Veins repeatedly forked. The spore-cases are attached to the surface of the indusium, and resupinate. ■Mr. Moore in his "Species Filicum" enumerates one hundred and twenty-six s^iecies. A very large family, yet only one British species. ADIANTUM CAPILLUS- VENERIS. m^§m Fig. 832. — Portion of mature Frond, under side. ADIANTUM CAPILLUS- VENERIS. LiNNiEUS. Common Maiden-hair Fern. PLATE LXII. Adiantum capillus-veneris. icnenim, Irifidum, repandum, Moritzianum, Africanum, CapUlus, coriandrifoUum, cuneifolium, depe?idens, fontanttm, LiNN^us. Bolton. Smith. Babingtok. Hooker and Aenott. Mackay. Pbesl. J. Smith. Deakin. Moore. Sowerby. Newman. Bentham. Jacquin. Koch. WiLLDENOw. Fee. Nyman. Leuebouk. Mettenius. E. J. Lowe. Bkackeneidge. Swartz. Desvaux. {Not of Sprengel.) EoxBUEGH. {Not of Swartz, Sprengel, WiLLDENOw, Desvaux, Presl, Link, KuNZE, Moore, Hooker, Fee, Lowe, Mettenius, Link, Martens & Galleotti, or SCHKUHR.) Willdenow. Bolle. Tausch. Link. Kunze. Fee. Brown. Swartz. Sprengel. Link. Kunze. AVallich. Lama9ck. Stokes. Chapman. Salisbury. Gray. VOL. II. 41,S ADI ANTUM CAI'ILIAS-VEXERIS. Ad Utntnm— From the Greek Adiantos, dry. CapilIti-\--ve)ien's—Vonns' Hair. Found in Cornwall and Devonshire abundantly, sparingly in Somersetsliire, namely, Clevedon by Mr. L. H. Grindon; Cheddar Cliffs by the Rev. W. H. Hawker; and Combe Down by myself; Tithcrstone Clee Hill, Shropshire, by Mr. Westcott. In Glamorganshire, Galway, Kerry, Clare, Jersey, (juernsey, Isle of Man, Barry Island, and Arran Isles. Occurring in Switzerland, Belgium, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Dalmatia, Cireece, Turkey, throughout India, Java, China, Persia, Syria, Caucasus, Siberia, Algiers, Egypt, Abyssinia, Teneriffe, Madeira, Canary, Cape de Verd, the Azores, Mada- gascar, Mascaren Islands, Natal, Algoa Bay, Florida, Arkansas, Alabama, California, Texas, Mexico, (juatemala, Parra, Caraccas, Chili, Trinidad, St. Vincent, Dominica, Jamaica, Sandwich Islands, Caledonia, New Hebrides, etc. Fronds ovate or triangular, or lanceolate, smooth, membran- aceous, bipinnate or tripinnate, bright green, slender, drooping. T^ensrth from six to twentv-four inches. Pinnae and innnules alternate. Pinnules stalked, base somewhat cuneate obliquely, apex rounded, the posterior margins entire, the anterior ones lobate, in the sterile fronds the lobes are toothed. Sori ol)loiig, situated on the apices of all the lobes. The indusium is the reflexed portion of the apex of the lol)e, thiu in texture, and \einv. \'enation circulate. Caudex slowly creeping. Stipes as long as tlie froiul. Stipes and rachis slender, ebeueous, and shining. Mostly an inhabitant of sea cliffs. In 1860 I found this Fern abundant on the sea cliffs opposite the ladies' bathing- place at Santander, in Spain, dwarf and stunted; fifty or sixty miles inland, at Las Caldas, it was most luxuriant, growing between crevices in rocks. I measured some two feet in length. It was also met with in the Congosto Pass near Allar, and seemed not uncommon along the spurs of the Pyrenees. Not hardv, requiring the protection of a greenhouse, and Hoiu-ishing best in a warm house, l^rokcn jieat and silver sand, with a little loam, is the proper compost. There are a i'vw varieties: — ADIANTUM CAI'ILIA'S-VEXHRIS. 419 Fix. 833. Incisum-Footii, Lowe. (Fig. ^o'i.) — A remarkably liantl.somo mucli-cut form, found in County Clare by Mr. J. F. Foot. Length fifteen inches. I am indebted to Mr. Foot for fronds. Eamulosum, Moore. — Found in Ireland and brought into notice by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. The main rachis 420 ADIANTUM C API LLUS- VENERIS. divides near the top two or three times, forming a spreading tuft of brief pinnate branches. In the lower portion of the frond the pinnules are narrow and partially depauperated. Fig. 834.— Upper half of frond. HooKERii, Lotce. (Fig. 834.) — A remarkably slender form of our British Maiden-hair, found in the Crimea. Minute and slender in all its parts, with a close thick-set erect habit. Pinna;, pinnules, and pinnulets alternate. Stij)es, rachis, and rachides black. Pinnulets more rounded than wedge-shaped at the base, and very finely dentate at the rounded apex. Sori inconspicuous. My thanks are due to Dr. J. D. Hooker, Director of the Koyal Gardens, Kew, for a plant. ADIANTUAI ('AriLLrS-VENp:ilI.S. 421 RoTUNDATUM, Iloove. — Found in the Isle of Man, by Mr. T. G. Rylands; the basal pinnules are rounder, with a truncate base; the fronds are narrow, and the })innic more spreading. The upper portion of the fronds nearly normal. Fig. 83o.— rinnules. Fig. 836.— Apex. FooTii, Lowe. (Fig. 835.) — Found at Ballyryan, County Clare, by Mr. J. F. Foot. Length eighteen to twenty-four inches, some of the pinnules being as much as an inch wide. I am indebted to Mr. Foot for fronds. Depauperatum, Clajj/iam. (Fig. 836.) — An interesting sport from a batch of seedlings received from Mr. James, of Vauvert, by Mr. Clapham. Length twelve inches. Narrow and much cut, and depauperated. I am indebted to Mr. Clapham for fronds. Kalon, Lowe. (Fig. 837.) — A handsome form raised from spores. Length eleven inches, width five inches, broadest at the base, and gradually narrowing to the aj^ex. Pinnules large and very leafy, the ultimate pinnules very large. v.ll. ADIAXri M (Al'lMA'S-VKNKKlS. Fig. 837.— Basal pinna. BuLBiFERUM, Loicc. (Fig. 838.) — A pretty sport, differing in bearing little bulbils on the pinna\ Length six inches. My thanks arc due to Mr. Claphani, of Scarborough, for a plant. I'ig. 838. — Piiniulcs. Fig. 839. — Pinnules. Tncisum, Moore. (Fig. 839.) — Found in Ireland by Dr. Allchin; Mcnstone Bay, Devonshire, by Mr. E. Xewman; and Guernsey by ]\Ir. J. James. All the pinnules are sj^lit into long, narrow, cuneate lobes. cvsroi'i i;kis. 423 GENUS XIII. C'YSTOPTERIS. Bernhardt. Caudex tuftrd, decumbent, or creeping. Fronds niembrana- ceo-herbaccous and bipinnate or tripinnatc. Sori indusiate, rotundatc, with the receptacles medial and dot-like. Tndusiuni concave. Fronds delicate. There are thre(> I^ritish species, namely, ('. fr<((/i7i.s, Crcgia, and (\ inontdna. CYSTOPTERIS PRAGILI: LXIil ^ £^' Fig. 840— Portion of mature frond, under side. CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS. Bernhardt. The Brittle Bladder Fern. PLATE LXIII. Cystopteris frarjilis, orientalis, viridula, rhcetica, dentata, a Pontederce, Jamaicensis, fumarioides, retusa, Chilensis, Dickieana, Cystoa fragilis, " regia, " angustata, " dentata, VOL. II. A. GraT. Lowe. Fee. Sowekby. Bernhardt. Hooker and Arnott. Babington. Deaktn. !Newman. Fee. Mackay. Moore. Bentham. Schott. SowERBY. Link. Presl. Mettenius. Koch. Ledeboxjr. Fries. Pappe and Rawson. E. J. Euprecht. Kunze. Desvaux. Desvaux. Link. Fee. Hooker. Desvaux. Babington. Link. Desvaux. Kunze. Fee. Decaisne. Fee. SiJi. Newman. Mooee. Smith. Smith. Smith. Smith. 3 I E. J. Lowe. 4;26 CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS. Cyathea fragilis, " cynapifolia, " aiithrisrifolia, " 7'egia, " dentata, Cijclopteris dentata, " frarjilis, ruhjpodiiim fragile, " anthriscifolium, " cynapifolinm, " polymorphum, " laciniatum, *' trifidum, " album, " fumarioides, " tenue, " rhceticum, it (< " dentatum, " PontedercE, " tencrrimum, Axpidium fragile, " trijidiun, " diaphanum, " viridulum, " Nepalense, " rhwticum, " dentatum, " Pontederce, " colohodon, Athyrium Pontederce, •' fumarioides, " dentatum, " rhceticum, " fragile. PoiRET. ViLT.VRS. Smith. Eoth. EOTH. KOTH. KOTEI. Smith. Gray. Gray. LiNNiEUS. EoLTON. Hoffmann. Hoffmann. ViLLAES. ViLLARS. Withering. Lamarck. Wets. Hoffmann. Hoffmann. Dickson. Bolton. Withering. PoiRET. Dickson. Allioni. Swartz. PoiRET. SWARTZ. WiLLDENOW. Sprengel. Kaulfuss. SwARTZ. BoRY. Desvaux. Edge WORTH. WiLLDENOW. SwARTZ. WiLLUENOW. SpKENGEL. WiLLDENOW. PoiRET. NyMAN. KUNZE. Desvaux. Presl. Geay. Sadler. Sadler. SCHKUHR. Sturm. Nyman. Cystopieris — From the Greek hystos — a bladder, and pteris — a fern. Fragilis — Fragile. This pretty species grows in the fissures of moist rocks, usually in the shade, occurring from the sea level to three thousand feet elevation. Widely distributed, and most abundant in mountainous districts. A native of every county in Great Britain, yet least common in the south of England. In Ireland CYSTOrTERIS FRAGILIS. Var. Dentata. LXIV sec "M VULGARE. u -Claphamii. CYSTOPTEKIS FRAGILIS. 427 confined to the west and nortli-west. Extending to tlie north of Scotland, as far as Orkney. Abroad it occurs throughout Europe; also along the Ural and Altai ranges, Siberia, Kamtschatka, Asia Minor, AfFghanistan, Kashmir, Simla, Nepal, Thibet, the Himalaya range; Abyssinia, Cape of Good Hope, Madeira, Teneriffe, Canaries, Azores, Greenland, Lab- rador, Canada, United States, California, Mexico, Guatemala, Columbia, Xalapa, Quito, Peru, Jamaica, Cuba, Bahamas, New Grenada, Chili, and Tasmania. Ci/sfopte7'is ft^agilis delights to occujjy crevices in limestone rocks that are somewhat moist, and its pretty small fragile fronds are a pleasing feature in those districts in which it is sufficiently abundant. In a situation that is suitable to this species its spores germinate in great abundance. In 1860 I found it remarkably abundant in Spain along the damp rocks on the Vilia Escusa, between Keinosa and Allar, whilst in the more exposed situations it was not to be found; it was also abundant near Santander and Las Caldas. In various parts of England it is not uncommonly so abundant as to give a character to the place; thus at Matlock, in Derbyshire, near Chaigeley, in Lancashire, about Bath, in the lake district, and in numerous parts of North and South Wales it lives in lovely luxuriance. When grown as a j^ot plant this Fern should have ample drainage, and the usual proportions of turfy peat and loam, with a liberal supply of sand and small lumps of limestone. It succeeds well as a cultivated ^^lant. The fronds are frequently attacked by Uredo filicum, a yellow fungus, which seriously disfigures those plants that are attacked by it. There are some interesting' varieties, namclv: — Dentata, Hooker. (Plate LXIV. — A.) — A common widely- spread form. Length six to eight inches; bipinnate or sub-bipinnatc; pinnules oblong, bluntly dentate. Sori nearly marginal. Fronds narrow. Sempervirexs, 3Ioorc. — Said to have been found at Tunbridgc Wells, and in Devonshire. A native of ]\Iadei]-a, and perhaps 428 CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS. a distinct sftecies. Some obscurity hangs over it as a British plant. In a cool greenhouse evergreen. Stipites stout and tough. The anterior basal pinnules larger than the posterior ones. Indusium glandular hirsute. Rhizoma brief, creeping. Fronds narrow-lanceolate; pinnules distinct and ovate; lobes blunt. Fig. 841. Fig. 842. Fi.iT. 843. Decurrens, 3Ioore. (Fig. 841.) — Found at Silver Cove, near Wemyss Castle, Fifeshire, by Mr. Tait, of Edinburgh. Partaking of characters intermediate between deniata and DicMeana. Pinn;e deflexed, pinnules decurrent. The aj^ices of the fronds and pinnae acute. Prominently dentate. Crispa, Lowe. (Fig. 842.) — A singular dwarf variety, with short distant pinna> and crisped pinnules. CYSTOPTEHIS FRAGILI: ,'ar i-iickieana. LXV CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS. 429 Tru>;cata-inteiirupta, Loice. (Fig. 84.3.) — A remarkable variety, with short pinnules, very various in form and size, some tlcpaujjcrate and others wanting. Truncate. Fig. S44.— Basal pinnte. Adiantoides, Lowe. (Fig. 844.) — A large much-divided luxuriant-growing variety, found in Scotland. Fig. 845. — Basal pinnas. Gracile, Lowe. (Fig. 845.) — A slender, large form. Length thirteen inches, width three inches and a half in the centre of the frond. Pinn?e sub-opposite in the lower half of the frond, and alternate above. Pinnae and pinnules distant, the basal three pairs of pinna? very distant; the apices of the pinnae dentate-caudate. DiCKiEANA, Moore. (Plate LXV.) — Found in a cave at 430 CYSTOPTERIS FKAGILIS. Cove, near Aberdeen, by Dr. Dickie; two miles east of Cove by the late Mr. C. Barter; near Dunkeld by Professor Balfour; and the Great Isle of Arran, in Galway, by Mr. D. Moore, of the Glasnevin Gardens. A very distinct form. Pinnae deflexed, ovate-lanceolate, slightly twisted, imbricated; pinnules broad, oblong, with short obtuse blunt dentation, crowded, imbricated, and dccurrent. Bipinnate, or more usually sub- bipinnate. Sori nearly marginal and tuberculate. Fig. 846.— Apex. Fig. 847.— Middle of frond. Fig. 848.— Basal piiiiia>. Interrupta, Wollaston. (Figs. 846, 847, and 848.) — Found in Westmorland by Mr. I. Hudhart, and made known by JNIr. F. Clowes, of Windermere. A distinct form. Fronds long and very narrow, pinnae interru2:)ted and contracted, with irregular more or less fan-shaped pinnules, which are variously truncated, laciniated, or depauperated. Fronds sometimes almost linear, and occasionally bifid or multifid. A remarkable monstrosity, the basal pimife often normal, as in the illustration. Length of frond fifteen inches, of which the basal six inches M "^^ CYSTOPTERIS PRAGILIS, Var. Furcans. Lxvr CYSTOPTERIS FRAGIIJS. 431 is the stipes; width from half an inch to an inch. Stipes and rachis red. I am indebted to ]Mr. Clapliam for a plant, and to Mr. F. Clowes for fronds. FuRCANS, 3Ioore. (Plate LXVI.) — Found at Killin, Perth- shire, by Mr. S. (). Gray, and in the Clova Mountains by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Not unlike dentata, with the apices of the pinna: furcate, or sometimes two or three times forked. Fig. 849.- Middle of frond. Fig. 850.— Apex. Davallioides, Lowe. (Fig. 849.) — An interesting form, not unlike some of the Davallice; sent from Scotland as an Athyrium. Pinnules broad and very leafy, the superior basal jnnnules very large, their apices blunt. Sori large and conspicuous. Length nine inches, width three inches. Obtusa, Moore. (Fig. 850.) — Found near Whitby by Mr. A. Clapham; in Westmorland, at Whitbarrow, by Mr. G. B. 432 CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS. Wollaston, and Kentmere by Mr. F. Clowes; in Borrowdale, Cumberland, by JNlr. G. B. Wollaston; Llyn Ogwen, Carnarvon- shire, by Mr. S. O. Gray; and in Scotland by Mr. A. Tait. Length twelve inches, lanceolate; pinnules peculiarly short, bkmt, rounded, ovate, and briefly stalked; lobes profoundly pinnatifid and oblong, margin narrow, bluntly dentate. Colour deep green. Fig. 851.— Upper half of frond. Cristata, Loive. (Fig. 851.) — This most interesting crested form of Cijstopteris fragilis was raised from spores by Mr. C. Elworthy, of Ncttlecombe, near Taunton, and this is another of those remarkable forms for which we are indebted to the gardener of Sir Charles Trevellyn. The pinnae are somewhat distant, and in the lower half of the frond conspicuously crested, becoming more or less normal in the upper half and CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS. 433 l)ranchinj[? and cristate at the apex. Length eight inches. Mv thanks are due to Mr. Elworthv for fronds. Fig. 852.— Base. Fiff. 853.— Base. QuADRATA, Clapham. (Fig. 852.) — Gathered in 1865 by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scai'borough, near RydaL A narrow quadrate form, six inches in length. Pinnae sub-opposite, very remote at the base. The apex of the pinnules and also the lobes of the basal pinnules flat and minutely dentate. I am indebted to Mr. Clapham for a frond. PuLCHERRiMA, Loivc. (Fig. 853.) — Found in the lake dis- trict by Mr. James, of Vauvert. A form of Cystopteris fragilis not unlike JVoodsia ilcensis in general appearance. Length seven inches, width one inch and three quarters. Pinnse ascending, very distant below. Pinnules narrow, with blunt apices. Hirsute and copiously fertile. The illustration is from Mr. James. Angustata, Smith. — A not uncommon form, found in Devon- shire; at Matlock and Castleton, in Derbyshire; Yorkshire, Westmorland, Cumberland, Carnarvonshire, Lough Gill, Sligo, and in several parts of Scotland. Length twelve inches. Fronds VOL. II. 3 K 434 CYSTOPTERIS FRAGII.IS. Pinnpe long, slender, and with a subcordate apex. Bipinnatc tapering, pointed; pinnules oblong-lanceolate, acute, the larger pinnules profoundly lobed with sharp dentate segments. A subconstant form. INDEX ALPHABETICAL OF CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS. PAGE. Adiantoides, Loioe 429 Angtistata, Smith . 433 Crispa, Lowe 428 Cristata, Loive . 432 Davallioides, Lowe 431 Decurrens, Moore . . 428 Dentata, HooTcer 427 Dickieana, Moore . . 429 PAGE. Furcans, Moore . . . 431 Gracile, Lowe . . . 429 Interrupta, Wollaston . 430 Obtusa, Loive . . , 431 Pulcherrima, Loive . . 433 Quadrata, Clapham . . 433 Sempervirens, Moore . 427 Tnincata-interrupta, Loire . 429 CYSTOPTERIS BEG I A. LXVII Fig. 854. — Portion of mature Frond, under side. CYSTOPTERIS REGIA. Desvaux. The Alpine Bladder Fern. PLATE LXYII. Cijstoiiteris regia, it (( " cdpina, Cystea alpina, " regia, Cijatliea regia, " aljnna, " inc'isa, Cydopteris regia, Aspidium regium, " alpinum, ti " '• Taijgetense, Vohj podium regium, " album, " alpinum, " crlspxim, " polymorphum. Desvaux. Presl. Fee. Mooee. Koch. E. J. Lowe. Desvaux. Link. Hooker and Arnott. Bentham. Babington. Mettenius. Moore. Sowerby. Smith. Smith. FoRSTER. Smith. Smith. Both. Smith. Gray. SWARTZ. WiLLDENOW. SpRENGEL. NyMAN. SWARTZ. "WiLLDENOW. ScHKUHR. StURM. Sprengel. BORY AND ChAUBARD. LlNN^US. POIRET. Lamarck. WULFEN, JaCQUIN. PoIRET. GOUAN. ViLLARS. C„,foi,tn-U-l£vom the Greek, hidos-^ bladder, and pteris-^ Fern. Jxegla — Boyal. 436 CYSTOPTERIS KEGIA. An exceedingly interesting uncommon British species. Fronds subtripinnate. Length three to eight inches. Colour pale green. Erect in habit, and lanceolate in form. Pinnae unequal, ovate, and acute. Pinnules profoundly pinnatifid, ovate, lobes more or less linear, and obscurely dentate. Caudex brief and tufted. Stipes variable in length, and slender. Veins branched. Sori abundant, crowded, circular, small, and medial. Indusium thin, transparent, and reflexed. Deciduous. Found some seventy years ago in great abundance on a wall at Low Lcyton, in Essex, but now rare. Abroad it is found abundantly in the Alps; also a native of Sweden, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Greece, Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, Transylvania, and in Asia Minor. Easily cultivated, if well di'aincd and grown in a mixture of light loam, turfy peat, and sand. There arc no varieties. JPTBRIS MO NT A MA. LXVIIT fe^^'.-V^^^'-^ Fig. 855.— Pinna of fertile frond, under side. Ci/shiiteri-"- hi oataua, Allioni, Myrrhidifolla, Cijathea montana, Athyi ■ iun i mo ntanum, Aspid'mm montan um, Fohjpodium montanum. CYSTOPTERIS MONTANA. Bernhardi. The Mountain Bladder Fern PLATE LXVIII. Bernhardi. Hooker .yxd Arxott. Fee. Presl. Link. Newman. Babington. Deakin. Moore. Bentiiam. Kocii. SOWERBY. LeDEBOUR. E. J. LoWE. Newman. Newman. Smith. Eoth. RoiILING. swartz. schkuiir. willdenow. Sprengel. Nyman. Lamarck. Allioni. Hienke. Poirkt. " Mi/rrliidifoUion, Villars. Cyfitoiitrris — From Injstos — a bladder, on account of the inflated induj^iuin, and iiferis — a Fern. Moiituna — Mountain. A DISTINCT species, with triangular, fragile, tripinnate fronds, and having a long creeping rhizoma. Found first in 18o(), on Ben Lawers, in Perthshire, by Mr. A\'. Wilson, and since then by other botanists on mountains 438 • CYSTOPTERIS MONTANA. dividing Glen Dochart and Glen Locliy. More recently Mr. J. Backhouse lias found it in Canloclien, at the head of Glen Isla, Clova, in Fifeshire. It orows on mica schist in moist alpine situations, and is one of our rarest British Ferns. It is found abroad in Lapland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Hungary, Kamts- chatka, and in the Rocky Mountains. Caudex creeping. Stipes slender, and longer than the frond ; sparingly scaly, and dark coloured at the base. Bachis and rachides narrowly margined above. Length of frond from four to twelve inches, the leafy portion beino- only three or four inches; deep green in colour, smooth, triano-ular in form, and tripinnate. Pinnse ascending, the basal pair very much the largest, being as much as two inches and a half in length. Obliquely ovate, the posterior pinnules double the length of the anterior pinnules. The lower pinnae unequal- sided. The larger pinnules pinnate, the others pinnatifid. Lobes oblong-ovate, with bidentate acute teeth. Sori medial and indusiate, covering the whole of the under surface with roundish spore-cases. Indusium thin and transparent. Costa nearly straight, with alternate veins, one in each lobe. In cultivation this plant should be grown in a shallow pan, using an open compost, mixed with sphagnum, coarse sand, and fragments of charcoal or stone. It requires abundance of moisture, yet cannot endure stagnant water. There are no varieties. wooDsiA. 439 GENUS xiy. WOODSIA. R. Browx. A SMALL genus containing, according to the late Sir W. J. Hooker, in his valuable and comprehensive "Species Filicuni," the following : — Mollis, a native of Mexico. Guatemalensis , of Guatemala. Peruviana, of Peru. Cumingiana , of Chili. Caucasica, from the Caucasus. Elongata, of Northern India. Ohtusa, of North America. lucisa, from the Argentine Republic. Ilvensis, British. Hyperborea, British. Glabella, from the Great Bear Lake. A twelfth species has more recently been discovered in Japan, and has received the name of Polystichoides. Fronds membranaceous, diminutive, pimiato-pinnatifid or bipinnate. Caudex tufted, erect, or decumbent. Sori indusiate. Indusium calyciform. There are two British species, growing in mountainous districts, and both very rare. Av o o n s I . LXIX Fig. 8o(j— Plain, natural size, procured by Mr. Sidcbothani. WOODSIA HYPEIUiOREA. K. Brown. The Alpine Woodsia. PLATE LXIX. Woodsia hyiicrhore'(, alp ilia, Ilvensis, var. intermedia, puhcsccns, VOL. n. E. Brown. Hookek and Arsott. SMiTir. Moore. Sowekby. Fee. Nyman. Sprengel. Desval'x. Link. Fiues. Ledebour. Rupreciit. E. J. Lowe. Gray. Newman. Tauscii. Deakin. Moore. Babington. Eupreciit. Opiz. 3 L 442 WOODSTA HYPERBOREA. AcrOf>flchum alijlnum, Boltox. Poiket. " hyperhoreum, Liljeblad. Ceterach alj)mum, De Caxdolle. Polyjiodium arvonicum, Smith. " hyperh(yreum, Swartz. Smitji. Schkuur. " " Presl. Willdenow. Sturm. " Weber and Moiir. " hyperloreum, var. gracile, Wahlenberg. " Ilvense, Withering. " fontanum, Linnaeus. Woodsia — Named in honour of Joseph Woods, a celebrated British botanist. Hyperhorea — ^Northern. A SPECIES even more rare than IVoodsia Ilvensis. It has been found in North Wales, on Snowdon, by Mr. L. CLirk. In Scotland Professor Balfour has found it near Crieff, (on Ben Chonzie,) Perthshire; Glen Isla, Forfarshire; and on the Clova Mountains, (Glen Fiadh.) Mr. Dickson and Mr. W. Wilson on Ben Lawers, Mael-dun-Crosk, Catjaghiainman, on Craig Challiach, Perthshire; and Mr. J. T. Synie between Glen Lochy and Glen Dochart. It is a native of Finland, Lapland, Sweden, Russia, Norway, Germany, France, Switzerland, Spain, Hungary, Transylvania, Silesia, Siberia, in the Punjab on the Himalaya, in America on the Rocky Mountains and in Massachusetts. The fronds are linear, pinnate, without scales, though slightly hairy. Pinme somewhat triangular, pinnatifid, lobes roundish obovate. Caudex brief. Length of frond from two to six inches, membranaceous, and pale green in colour. Pinnae mostly alternate, the basal ones distant. Sori medial, circular in form, and coj^ious. Woodsia Ixyperhorea differs from Woodsia Ilvensis in having the fronds smaller, narrower, and smoother. Under cultivation the Woodsias should be kept out of sunshine. Drain well, and use a compost of light loam, sand, a little peat, with charcoal and broken stones. There are no varieties. 0 o n s I A I L V a N s I s. LXX Fig. 857.— A Welsh plant, natural size, found by Mr. Sidcbothani. WOODSIA ILVENSIS. R. Brown. The Oblong Woodsia. Wbodsla Ilvensis, " hyperhorea var " paleacea, " Baiana, " ruficlula, " vestita, Acrostichum Ilvensis, J' Maranke, Aspidmni 7'iifidulum, " distans, Lasirea rufidida, PLATE LXX. R. Brown. Smith. Deakin. Link. HOOKEE AND ArNOTT. BabINGTON. SOWEBBY. WeWMAN. MoORE. Fries. Bentham. Sprengel. Kaulfuss. Ledebour. Mettenius. Rupreciit. A. Gray. Nyman. E. J. Lowe. rufidnlo, Koch. Opiz. JSTewman. Beck. Sprengel. Linna;us. Hudson. Bolton. Pallas. H(enke. SwARTz. Willdenow, Poiret. Viviana. Presl. 444 wooDsiA iiAEXsis. Nephrodium rufididum, Michaux. NotliochJcena rnfidnla, Desvaux. Pohjiiod'nmi Iluenfie, ViLLAlis. EoTll. SwAKTZ. PuEsi,. " " SCHKUHR. WiLLDEXOAV. StUIOI. " iirvomcum. Withering. " MarmitcB, Hoffmann. Woodsia — In honour of Joseph Woods, a celebrated British botanist. IJvensls — After the Island of Ilua. One of our rarest Britisli Ferns, occasionally found on the niountnins of AVcstmorland, Cumberland, Durham, and Car- narvon. In Scotland found near Loch Skene, Dumfriesshire, by the Rev. W. Little ; north of Moffat by Mr. P. Gray ; and abundantly on the hills dividing- Dumfries and Peeblesshire by INIr. W. Stevens. In Perthshire Dr. Balfour has found it near Crieff on Ben Chonzic, and Mr. J. Backhouse on Ben Lawers. In Forfarshire Mr. W. Wilson and Mr. J. Backhouse have seen it on the Clova Mountains, at Glen Fiadh, and in Morayshire Mr. S. F. Gray has found it at Forres. Abroad this Fern is abundant in Northern Europe. Occur- ring in Iceland, Lapland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Hussia, (Nova Zembla, Caucasus, and the Crimea,) Si:>ain, Italy, France, Germany, Switzerland, Hungary, Siberia, Kamtschatka, Arctic America, Canada, United States, and in the Rocky Mountains. The fronds are lanceolate, oblong in form, pinnate, thinly scaly. Pinnae oblong, obtuse, and profoundly piunatifid; lobes oblong. Caudex brief and tufted. Stipes brownish. Length from one to two inches. Fronds from two to six inches in length, and of a dull green colour. Pinnae more distant below and spreading. Sori copious, and situated below the apex of the venules. Circular. The peculiarity of this genus consists in the small concave scale which rests on the vein below the sorus, having a fringed margin spreading over the spore-cases. This rare Fern grows in the crevices of moist rocks in moiuitains, at an altitude of twelve hundred to two thousand feet. There are no varieties. '1 R!( 11(*.M \.\KS. I4-) GENUS XV. TRICHOMANES. Linn.t^us. Although this genus is represented in Great Britain by a solitary species, Sir W. J. Hooker has described no less than eighty-seven species in his "Species Filicuni," and of these thirteen are found in Jamaica, eleven in Java, eight in Guinea, seven in Brazil, five in Bourbon, five in the ]\Iauritius, five in New Zealand, four in Madagascar, and four in Peru, and the remaining twenty-five are one or more of them to be met with in Ceylon, Mexico, Nepal, Cayenne, Orinoco, Chiloc, Sierra Leone, Barbadoes, West Africa, East Indies, West Indies, Onalau, British Guiana, or the Islands of Falkland, Luzon, Juan Fernandez, Sandwich, Philippine, Pacific, or Seychelles. This genus is widely spread over the warmer regions of the world. Tricliomancs is closely allied to Humenophijllum, yet easily recognised from that genus. The distinguishing feature in Tricliomanes is the peculiar entire urn-like cup in wliich the spore-cases are developed; whilst in Hymenophyllum this is split down to the base into two divisions. TRICHOMANES RADIC-ANS. LXXI Fig. 858. — Portion of fertile frond, under side. TKICHOMANES RADICANS. SWARTZ. The Bristle Fern. PLATE LXXI. Trichomanes radicans. ambiguum, Europceum, mbernicum, brevisetum, alatum, speciosum, pyxidiferum, anceps, sca?idens, umbrosum, diaphanumy Andrewsii, (var. Andrewsii,) Didymoglossum alatum, Hymenopliyllum alatum, " Tunbridgense, var., " rwpestre, Smith. Presl. Mackat. Hooker, {not of Swartz.) Spkengel. Pkesl. SWAETZ. WiLLDENOW. BaBINGTON". Deakin. Hooker and Arnott. Moore. Klotzsch. Newman. Sowerby. Presl. Bentham. Sprengel. Nyman. E.J.Lowe. SlEBER. Smith. Sprengel. E. Brown. R. Brown. WiLLDENOW. Newman. Hudson. Bolton, {not of Linn^us.) Wallich, {not of Hooker ) Hedwig. Raddi. Martens & Galleotti. "Wallich. Humboldt. Bonpland. Kunth. Newman. Desvaux. Smith. Willdenow, {not of Schkuhr.) Smith. Haddi. 44S TRICHOM.VXES KADICANS. Trichomanen — From iltrix — liair, and manns — soft, from the delicate fronds. Radicam^^ooimg. A KARE British Fern, which formerly ^rew near Bingley, in Yorkshire, as in 1758 Bolton saw it there in abundance, and in 1782 he could only find one root. It has been found in Ireland in County Wicklow, in Hermitage Glen by Dr. ^lackay, and Powcrscourt Waterfall by Dr. Stokes; in County Cork, at Glendine, by Mr. E. Ball ; Glanbour by Mr. J. A. Fisher; Temple ^Michael Glen by ]Mr. D. Murray; Ballinhasy Glen and Bandon by Mr. S. P. Woodward; Fall of the Clash- gariffe by Mr. J. Drummond; near Glandore by Dr. Allman; near Bantry bv Professor C. C. Babington; from one thousand to twelve hundred feet on Carrigeena, Kildorrery, by Mr. J. Carrol; in County Waterford, in the Valley of the Blackwater, by Dr. Kinahan; in County Limerick, Cumailte Mountains, by Dr. Mackay; in County Kerry, Tore Mountain, Killarney, by Dr. Mackay; Island of Yalcntia by Miss H. Blackburne; Cro- magaun Mountain by ]Mr. W. Cristy; ]Mount Eagle by Mr. D. Moore; Gortagaree by Dr. Taylor; Blackstones, Glouin, Carach, and Inveragh by Mr. W. Andi'ews; Curaan Lake, Waterville, by Professor C. C. Babington; and in several other localities not made public. It has been found growing luxuriantly in some abundance in several places, extending over several miles in Wales, but the localities have been kept secret; indeed it has been found necessary to refrain from making the habitats known, from a dread of its extermination by collectors, as has already been the case in some localities; this Fern fetching a high price, and therefore being much sought after, is an indvicement to uproot it wherever found. Abroad it is a native of Spain, of Teneriffc, the Canary Isles, Madeira, and the Azores, India, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, New Grenada, Brazil, Venezuela, in the Galapagos and Society Isles, and Sandwich Islands. Fronds six to sixteen inches in length, of which the stipes is from a third to a half of this length, membranaceous, pellucid, smooth, and dark olive green. Ovate-triangular, the ajDex some- what attenuate. Tripinnatifid. The pinnae ovate-lanceolate, with oblong segments, dentate: the teeth being brief and linear. TRICHOMANES RADICANS. 449 Stipes above having a narrow membranaceous margin or wing. Rachis margined throughout with this membranaceous wing. Veins branched, in the sterile fronds terminating within the margin, and in fertile fronds continued beyond the margin, and forming the receptacle. Fructification extra-marginal. Involucre cup-shaped. The sterile fronds will remain on the plant, if uninjured, for a number of years, and the fertile fronds rec^uire several years to arrive at maturity. I have large plants growing in great luxuriance, which are grown in large pans filled above the drainage with lumps of freestone, amongst which is a compost of lumps of peat and a moderate sprinkling of silver-sand; when planted the rhizomas were pegged tightly to the peat and stones. These ^^^ns were elevated in larger pans filled with water, which made a canal of water round the plants, and the whole placed in square glass frames, having a glass lid to ojien in order to water, which is thrown on the fronds in a small shower eveiy morning. This glass frame is a great advantage over the bell-glass, as the fronds remain untouched. The plants are grown in a shady portion of a greenhouse. There are several varieties: — Fis. Xoi). Andrewsii, Moore. (Fig. 859.) — Found in Glouin Caragh, Ireland, by Mr. W. Andrews. This variety differs from the normal form in having narrower, more lanceolate fronds, in the pinnae being more distant and distinct, the involucres VOL. II. 3 M 450 ■ TRICHOMANES RADICANS. quite sunk in the margin of the frond, instead of being almost stalked as in the normal form. The stipes is also more elongated and less marginal winged. DiLATATUM, Backhouse. — A form resembling the Hymeno- 'phyllum dilatatum which Messrs. Backhouse, of York, have procured from Ireland, having large very dark green fronds, with much less divided pinnules, which are broadly winged. I am indebted to Messrs. Backhouse for a plant. Alatum, BacMiouse. — A conspicuously-winged variety, found in Ireland. I have not seen fronds of this Fern. FuRCANS, Loive. (Plate LXXII. — A.) — Found in Ireland. Differing merely in being branched. As yet it is uncertain whether it will be a permanent variety. HYMENOPHYLLUM. . 451 GENUS XVI. HYMENOPHYLLUM. Smith. Scarcely clifFering from Tricliomancs , the mark of distinction consisting in the involucres being two-yalved. There are two British species; and eighty-five known species are described by Sir W. J. Hooker in his "Species Filicum;" of these ten are natives of New Zealand, nine of Jamaica, nine of Chiloe, seven of Java, five of Mauritius, four of Brazil, three of Columbia, three of Peru, three of Caraccas, and three of Nepal. TRICHOMANES RADICANS, Var. rurcans.- H Y M E N 0 F H Y L L U M LXXIT Fig. 860. — Portion of pinna, magnified. HYMENOPHYLLUM TUNBRIDGENSE. Smith. The Tnyihridge Film Fern. PLATE LXXII. B. JTijiiirjtcqiliylliim Tnnhridgrnse, Smith. Hooker AND Arnott. " " Babington. Mackay. Deakin. " " Newman. Moore. Sowerby. " " Benthaai. Gray. Brown. " " WiLLDENOW. SpRENGEL. PrESL. " " Nyman. Schkuhr. E. J. Lowe. " nspendam. Kunze. Presl. " TJmnhergii, Ecklon. Presl. " minimum, Richard. A. Cunningham. " revolutum, Colenso. " ciopressiforme, Labillardiere. Trichom(we>< i)ulcliellum, Salisbury. " Tunhr'ulgense, Linn^us. Hedwig. Jlymcvophylluiii — From the Gi'eek, Jiymenos, a membrane, and pJiyUoi, a leaf. I'lmhridgense — Tunbridge. Found in mountainous and damp rocky situations, or amongst moss on the ground and the trunks of trees. This moss-like Fern grows in the counties of C'ornwall, 454 HYMENOPHYLLUM TUNBRIDGENSE. Devon, Somerset, Kent, Sussex, Cheshire, Lancashire, Yorkshire, Cumberland, Westmorland, Glamorgan, Brecknock, Merioneth, Carnarvon, Dumfries, Lanark, Peebles, Argyle, Dumbarton, Galway, Clare, Tipperary, Cork, Waterford, Kerry, and the Islands of Valentia, Mull, Bute, and Arran. It is also a native of Norway, Sweden, Germany, Italy, France, and Belgium; in India, Madeira, the Azores, Mauritius, Chili, Brazil, New Holland, New Zealand, Tasmania, Valdivia, and the Cape of Good Hope. Fronds annual, pellucid-membranaccous, smooth. Length from one to six inches, colour olive green. ^More or less lanceolate-ovate in form, and pinnate below. Pinna? alternate and dccurrent, and furcately-bipinnatifid. Segments linear, obtuse, and serrated. Veins dichotomously branching. Fructification extra-marginal. Receptacle oblong-clavate, free, and central. Involucres two-valved, semi-orbicular, sessile, and erect, the upper margin spinuously serrated. Stipes slender and wiry, rachis winged, caudex filiform, creeping, densely branching. Found from the sea level to the height of twelve hundred feet, and delighting to grow in a warm, damp, sheltered situation. Under cultivation the same treatment adopted with Trichomanes radicans will suit this Fern, and it succeeds best when planted in a pan at an inclination of forty-five degrees, and kept constantly moist. There are no varieties. HYMRNOPHYLLUM U N I L ATE R A LB. LXXIII -■y\ Fig. 861. — Portion of pinna, magnified. HYMENOPHYLLUM UNILATEEALE. BORY. Wilson's Film Fern. PLATE LXXIII. HyiitcnopltylliiDi an ilatfvale, WUsoni, " Tiinhridgense, " peltahim, " Meyer {, " Menziesii, Tricltoman es Tunhridgense, " peltafum. BoRY. WiLLDENOW. ISTeWMAN. MOOKE. SOWERBY. SpREKGEL. Presl. Hooker. E. J. Lowe. Hooker and Arnott. Wilson. Mackay. Babington. Deakin. Presl. Nyhan. SCHKUIIR. KUNZE. BenTHAM. Desvaux. Presl. Presl. LiGHTFOoT. Bolton. POIRET. Jllimenophylhmi — From the Greek, liymenos, a membrdne, and iihyUon, a leaf. Unilaterale — One-sided. A MORE common species than H. Tunhridyense, and found in the counties of Cornwall, Devon, Stafford, Saloj?, Lancashire, Y^ork, Northumberland, Westmorland, Cumberland, Glamorgan, 456 HYMEXOPHYLLUM I'XILATERALE. Brecknock, Cardigan, Carmarthen, Montgomery, Merioneth, Carnarvon, Dumfries, Kircudbright, Ayr, Renfrew, Peebles, Stirling, Forfar, Clackmannan, Perth, Argyle, Dumbarton, Ross, Sutherland, Tyrone, Antrim, Londonderry, Donegal, Down, Fermanagh, Galway, Mayo, Dublin, Wicklow, Tipperary, Kerry, Islands of Mull, Arran, Shetland, Orkney, Langa, and Harris. Found also in the Faroe Islands, Norway, Bourbon, Tierra del Fuego, Cape Horn, Falkland Islands, Tasmania, New Zealand, Cape of Good Hope, Chilce, and Hermite Island. Fronds pellucid-membranaceous, smooth, length from one to six inches, colour dark olive brown, elongate-oblong, and pinnate. Pinnae distinct below, and decurrent and narrowly-winged above, curved backwards, sub-unilateral, and several times dichotomously forked; the fronds sometimes branched. Segments linear, obtuse, and spinulosely serrated. Stipes slender, one third the length of the frond. Rachis narrowly-winged above. Veins several times dichotomously branched. Fructification extra-marginal. Receptacles free, central, oblong- club-shaped, and shorter than the valves of the involucre. Involucres stalked, two-valved, convex, and quite even and entire on the margins. The fronds endure for several years and renew their growth annually, a circumstance pointed out by Mr. F. Clowes, of Windermere. There are no varieties. OSMUNDA. 457 GENUS XVII. OSMUNDA. LiNN.Eus. A SMALL family inhabiting the temperate regions of the world, and represented by a solitary English species. The fructification is more or less inflorescent, hence the name Flowerino- Fern. VOL. II. 3 N D A ix .1'. 'T i\ LXXIV Fig. 862.— Pinnule of mature frond, upper side. OSMUNDA REGALIS. LlNN^US. The Royal Fern. PLATE LXXIV. Osmunda regalis, Linn^us. Bolton. Smith. Geat. " " HOOKES AND AeNOTT. MaCKAT. '• " MooEE. Newman. Babington. « " Deakin. Sowbeby. Bentham, " " SCHKUHE. SwaETZ. WiLLDENO^^. " " Speengel. Peesl. Nyman. " " Ledeboue. Fbies. Koch. " " Stuem. E. J. Lowe. Aphyllocalpa regalis, Cavanilles. Struthiopteris regalis, Bsenhaedi. Osmunda— ^^\di to be in commemoratiou of Osmund, a waterman of Loch Tyne, who is related to have hid his wife and daughter on an island lake covered with this Fern. Regalis — Eoyal. This most interesting and majestic species gTo^s usually at or near the sea-level, and is seldom found exceeding three hundred feet in elevation. It is a native of the counties of Cornwall, Devon, Hants, Dorset, Wilts, Sussex, Middlesex, Surrey, Bucks, Essex, Suffolk, 460 OSMUNDA KKGALIS. Xorfolk, Cambridge, Warwick, Monmoutli, Hereford, Worcester, Salop, Nottingham, (now, I fear, extinct,) Cliesliire, Lancaster, York, Durham, Northumberland, Westmorland, Cumberland, Glamorgan, Pembroke, Merioneth, Flint, Carnarvon, Isles of Anglesea, Purbeck, and Wight. In Scotland in Dumfries, Kircudbright, Lanark, Kincardine, Perth, Forfar, Aberdeen, Argyle, Dumbarton, Sutherland, Islands of Arran, Bute, ISIull, Islay, LTist, Harris, Lewis, and Shetland. In Ireland, Donegal, Galway, Dublin, King's County, Wicklow, Cork, Kerry, Waterford, Clare. Also in Jersey. Abroad a native of Denmark, Russia, Sweden, Gothland, Holland, France, Italy, Switzerland, Spain, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, Turkey, Croatia, Transylvania, India, Azores, Algeria, Natal, Madagascar, Newfoundland, Canada, United States, Mexico, and Brazil. This Fern grows erect and trunk -like, with a stipes half the length of the frond, smooth and pale green (except when young.) Fronds more or less erect, varying in length from two to twelve feet, and bright yellow green in colour; membranaceous. Bij)innate to tripinnate, broadly lanceolate in form. The fronds are part sterile, and part have a terminal fertile panicle. Sterile pinnae sub-op23osite, ovate-lanceolate, and distant. Pinnules from an inch to two inches and a half long, sessile, oblong-ovate, with a somewhat widened base, occasionally auricled or deej^ly lobed. Veins forked near the base. Fructification. The whole or a ^'ortion of the upper pinnae transformed into a bipinnate, contracted, inflorescent panicle. Spore-cases crowded on the margin. At Santandcr, in the north of Sj)ain, in 1860, I saw numerous dwarf i^lants in the crevices of low rocks' by the sea side, where they woidd be frequently washed by sea waves. A dozen years ago three jjlants alone remained in the fields of Mr. C. Allcock, at Bulwell, Nottinghamshire. They were evidently dying from being too dry, as the land had been drained. I brought one to Highfield House, and it has become a large plant bearing fronds six feet in length. The others, in their native habitat, lingered for a couple of years and then died. It would be a difficult matter to find a more graceful and elegant plant than the Osmunda regalis when grown on the OSMUNDA REGALIS. 461 banks of a lake or stream of water. Though easily cultivated it is several years before it recovers itself after being transplanted. There are a few varieties: — \>^ Fig. 863. Cristata, Moore. (Fig. 863.)— A remarkably handsome form, which accidentally came into the possession of Messrs. Osborn and Sons, of Fulham, and by them distributed. Length three feet, width two feet, broadly ovate in form, bipinnate, the rachis being furcate, and the apex multifid crisped. The apices of the pinnae dilated into a large, spreading, crispy, fan-shaped tuft, and the apices of the pinnules also dilated and multifidly lobed. My thanks are due to Messrs. Osborn for a plant presented to me several years ago, and which has flourished with me to such an extent, that, at the British Association Floral Fete, in August, 1866, it won the first prize as a S2)ecimen British Fern, being symmetrical in form, and fourteen feet in circumference. Interrupta, 3£oore. — In the possession of Mr. Sim, of Foot's Cray. Differing in having a few normal pinnae, and the rest reduced in size, and of a roundish flabellate form. BuLBiFERA, Lowe. — The exact counterpart of cristata, raised from spores by Mr. Clift, of Birmingham, and merely differing in having a bulbil at the base of the pinna?. ]\Iy thanks are due to Mr. Clift for a plant. OPHIOGLOSSUM. 463 GENUS XYIII. OPHIOGLOSSUM. Linn^us A GENUS closely approaching Botrychium, and like that Fern very difficult to cultivate. There are two British species. Fig. 8()-i.— Portion of barren frond. OPHIOGLOSSUM VULGATUM. LlNN^US. The Common Adder's Tongue. PLATE LXXA'. A. Ophioglossum vuJgatum, ovatum, JBiehlii, unifolium, Grayi, microstichum. LiNN^us. Bolton. Smith. Mackay. HOOKEE AND AuNOTT. BaBINGTON. ^Newman. Deakin. Mooke. Gray. SowERBY. Bentham. Swaetz. Kocii. SCHKUHR. SpKENGEL. WiLLDENOW. Peesl. Nyman. Sturm. Ledeboue. Mettenius. E. J. Lowe. Salisbury. Peesl. Gilibeet. Beck. AcHARius. Svensk. Ophioglossum — From ojphios — a serpent, and glossa — a tongue, hence its name. Vulgatum — Common. This diminutive inconspicuous Fern is a widely-dispersed British Fern, occurrinaf in moist loamy meadows from the sea-level to six hundred feet elevation. Dispersed throughout Europe, and occurring in North VOL. IL 3 0 466 OPHIOGLOSSL'M VILGATUM. America, Mexico, New Zealand, New Holland, Cape of Good Hope, in the Caucasus, East Indies, Siberia, and in Kamtschatka. Fronds three to twelve inches in length, thin and fleshy. Sterile frond smooth, sessile, entire, ovate-elongate, and yellowish green in colour. Fertile frond — a single sj^ike terminating an elongate footstalk. Spike linear. Veins anastomosing without a midvein. MiCROSTiCHUM, 31oore. — Found at Swanbister, in the Island of Orkney, by Mr. J. T. Syme. Much smaller, narrower, and the frond becoming mature in September, at a time when the normal form has died away. Fig. 8G5. — Barren frond, upper side, (sliglitly uiagiiilied.) OPHIOGLOSSUM LUSITANICUM. LlNN^US. The Dwarf Adder's Tongue. PLATE LXXV. b. Ophioglossum lusitanicum, LiNN^us. Moore. Newman. SOWEEBY. BaBINGTON. PrESL. " SWARTZ. WiLLDENOW. " Sprengel. Linpley. Nyman. " Hooker and Greville. " E. J. Lowe. angustifolium minimum, Bakbelier. vulgatum var. lusitanium, Hooker and Arnott. Ophioglossum — From ophios — a serpent, and glossa — a tongue, hence its name. Lusitanicum — Lusitania. A DIMINUTIVE species, discovered in 185-1 in Guernsey by Mr. G. Wolsev. 468 OPllIOGI.OSSUM LU.SITANICUM. The fronds do not arrive at maturity till October. Not as yet found in England, Scotland, Ireland, or Wales. A native of France, Italy, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Sicily, Dalmatia, Tangiers, Algiers, Madeira, TenerifFe, the Canary Isles, Azores, Cape de Verd Isles, Swan River, New Zealand, Tasmania, and St. Helena. A most difficult Fern to cultivate; found wild, growing on the summit of rocks among short grass. Fronds two inches in height, thick, and fleshy, pale green in colour. Sterile fronds linear-lanceolate, smooth, and tapering into the stipes. Fertile frond longer, the sj^ike linear-oblong, half an inch long, wider above the base, and having on each margin from three to six spore-cases. Veins anastomosing, without a midvein. Stipes erect, and from a third to half the length of the frond. There arc no varieties. BOTRYCIIUM. 4(Je 388 var. projecto-multifida, Lowe 394 var, ramo-cristata, Lowe 390 var. ramo-depauperata, Lowe 386 var. ramosa, Lowe 385 Lomaria spicant, var. ramosa- Cliftii, Loioe 398 var. ramoso-irregulare, Lowe 401 var. fetusa, Zotoe 388 var. rotundata, Lowe 396 var. serrata, Lowe 389 var. serrulata, T^owe 394 var. stricta, Lowe, 381 var. stricta-Daddsii, Zozt'e 396 var. subimbricata, Lowe 386 var. subserrata, Lowe 385 var. tridactyla, Lowe 389 var. trinervia, Lowe 400 Opbioglosstira Lusitanicum, Linnceus ^^1 vulgatum, LinncBus 465 var. microstichnnijJUbore 466 Osmunda regalis, Linnmis 459 var. bulbifera, Lowe 461 var. cristata, Moore 461 var. interrupta, Moore 461 Uteris aquilina, Linnceits 407 var. bisulca, Zoice 409 var. cristata, Moore 410 var. crispa, Wollaston 413 var. depauperata, Wollaston 413 var. furcans, Loioe 411 var. integcrrima, Moore 413 var. multifida, T7o/?flsfoH 413 var. ramoso-irregulare, ClapJiam 412 Scolopendrium vulgare, Smith 229 var. abruptum, Moore 344 var. abrujsto-crispum, Zo?ye 304 var. acantliodes, Lowe 247 var. accisum, Lowe 308 var. acrocladon, Lowe 237 var. aduncum, Moore 354 var. aikmoton, Zozoe 259 var. alatum, Clapham 272 var. albescens, Moore 358 var. alcicorne, Stam^Jield 332 var. alto-lobatiim, Lowe 325 var. angustato-marginatum, Wollaston 332 var. angustato-nitidum, Zozce 290 var. angustissimum, Moore 340 var. angustum, Moore 336 var. apicilobum, Moore 312 var. arietinum, Zowe 281 var. antrorso-cristatum, Lowe 307 484 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. PAGE Scolopeiidrium vulgare, var. aiiratum, Lov.^e 350 vai*. Balfourii, Love 275 var. biceps, Lotce 247 var. bimarginato-cordatuna, Moore 340 var. bimarginato-multifidum, Moore 283 var. bimarginato-muricatuin, Moore 291 var. bimarainatiim, Wollaston 267 var. brevifoHum, Lowe 293 var. bullatum, Moore 287 var. cacumeue, Lowe 313 var. capitatum, Loice 338 var. carinatiim, Appleby 330 var. cervi-coriux, Moore 357 var. clieii'opborum, Slanrfield 342 var. clielEefrons, Wollaston 336 var. circinatum, I^oioe 290 var. Claphamii, Moore 325 var. Cliftii, L^owe 261 var. columnare, Clapham 360 var. complicatum, Wollaston 344 var. compositum, Moore 352 var. concavo-ramosum, Lowe 309 var. conglomeratum, Lowe 294 var. congregatiim, Lowe 358 var. coiijunctum, Moore 342 var. conjungenduni, Lo?i'e 317 var. constellatum, Clapham 315 var. constrictum, Moore 239 var. contorquere, Zowe 329 var. contortum, Moore 344 var. contractum, Wollaston 329 var. convolvere, Loive 280 var. Coolingii, Loive 337 var. coriaceo-cristatum, Loice 283 var. coriaceiTm, James 286 var. cornuto-abruptum, Jfoore 237 var. comuto-laceratiim, Monkman 319 var. cornuto-superbum, Loioe 346 var. cornutum, Moore 274 var. coroiiare, Zowe 316 var. corriigato-cristatum, Ivery 353 PAGE Scolopendrium vulgare, A-ar. corrugato-fissum, Sfansjield 354 var. corrugatura, Wollaston 359 Aar. corymbiferum, Loive 359 var. corymbiferuin-ma;]'iis, Lvery 338 var, crassifolium, (SVtw 304 A^ar. crenato-crispum, Monkman 343 var. crenato-cristatum, L"we 348 A'ar. crenato-lobatvim, Moore 231 A-ar. crenato-miiltifidum, Moore 240 Aar. crenulatum, Stansfield 332 A-ar. crispatum, Moore 344 A'ar. crispatum-A-arians, lloore 852, 358 A-ar. crispura, Gray 359 A'ar. crispum-amplum, Lowe 304 A-ar. crispiim-aBgustum, Lowe 304 A'ar. crispum-bulbiferum, Stansfield 359 A-ar, crispum-cormitum, Willison 298 var. crispum-cristatum, jCon'e 341 A-ar. crisiDum-densTim, Sim 350 A-ar. crispum-fertile, Stansfield 342 var. crispum-grandidens, Lowe 260 A'ar. crispum-irregulare, Moore 324 A-ar. crispum-latum, Moore 234 var. crispiim-majus, Jackson 294 A-ar. crispum-marginatiim, iotfe 299 A-ar. crispum-miuus, Jaclcson 352 A-ar. crispum-multifidum, Loire 342 A-ar. crispiim-varians, Moore 352 var. crista-galli, TFbHas^ow- 314 A-ar. cristato-digitatum, Sim 329 ALniABETICAL INDEX. 485 Scolopendrium vulgare, var. cristatum, Moore 237 var. cristatam-minus, Sim 304 var. cristatum-Monkmauii, Monhman 341 var. cristatum-uannm, Moore 303 var. cristatum-ramosum, Moore 308 var. cristatum-transversum, Moore 308 var. curiosum, Wollaston 278 var. curtum, Moore 284 var. curfcum-cristatum, Lowe 347 var. dactyloton, Lowe 328 var. dareoides, Wollaston 29G, 356 var. dentatum, Claplmm 287 var. deorso-cristatum, Sim 302 var. depauperatum, Wollaston 314 var. detectum, Moore 315 var. detectum- Jamesii, Loii-e 352 var. digitatum, Wollaston 267 var. digitatum-nauum, Stansfield 360 var. dissimile, Wollasto7i 344 var. distortum, Moore 266 var. distortuni-Jamesii, Lowe 345 var. divaricatum, Moore 312 var. divergens, Moore 261 var. duplex, Lowe 247 var. Edwardsii, Lowe. Printed iu error Phyllolo- pLyi'on 246 var. elato-lobatum, Jfoore 312 var. elegans, Moore 324 var. Elwortliii, Moore 257 var. epiphylloides, il/L>ore 282 var. erosurn, Lowe 301 var. excurrens, Lowe 308 var. fallax, Moore 322 var. fimbriatum, Allcliin 263 var. findendum, Lowe 304 var. fissidens, Wollaston 342 var. fissile, Moore 290 var. fissile-Moukmanii, Monkmaii 290 var. fisso-lobatum, Moore 273 var. fisso-multifidum, Lowe 350 var. fissum, Moore 306 var. fissum-lutum, Moore 270 VOL. II. TAGE Scolopendrium vulgare, var. fissum-resectum, Stansfield 329 var. fissum-variegatum, Loive 334 var. flabcllatura, Moore 274 var. flabellatum-cornutum, Lowe 352 var. flavo-tinctum, Moore 306 var. flavo-tinctum- papillosum, Claphani 334 var. fiexuoso-multifidum, Lowe 346 var. iiosculifcrum, Zenue 347 var. foecundum, Ajjplehy 330 var. furcaus, Moore 284 var. furcatum, Wollaston 312 var. geminum, Sim 306 var. Glavei, Zoine 281 var. glomerato-digitatum, Sim 306 var. glomerato-ramosum, Moore 300 var. glomerato-variabile, Monhman 322 var. glomeratum, Moore 294 var. Gloverii, Stansfield 345 var. graudiceps, Zoii?e 321 var. gymnosorum, Moore 250 var. hastatum, Moore 315 var. hastatum-majus, Ehvortluj 306 var, hastulatum-majus, ilfoore 337 var. hebetatum, Lowe 311 var. liemiouitoides, Moore 282 var. Heudersonii, Willison 293 var. Hookerii, Lowe 296 var. imbricato-contractum, Clajihrm 302 var. imperfectum, Wollaston 284 var. inciso-lobatum, Wollaston 338 var. inaequale, Allcliin 2S2 var. inops, Moore 284 var. interruptum, TFoZ/as^oH 286 var. inversum, Zotce 311 var irregulare, Moore 242 var. irregulare-laciniatum, Zowe 338 var. iri'egularc-majus, Slanxjield 334 var. irrtgulare-niiuus, Clapliam '2^\}'2, 3 R 486 ALPnABETICAL INDEX. 350 288 257 338 310 360 293 var. var. var, var, var. var. var. var. var. var, var. var, var var. var. var. var. var. var. var. 310 320 244 313 348 300 Scolopendrium vulgare, var. Jacksonii, Moore var. Janiesii, Lowe var. jugosum, Moore var. kaloii, Lowe var. keplialoton, JjOioe var, keratoides, Loive var. Kitsonise, Moore var. kraspedoumeuou, Lowe 335 var. lacerato-elegans, Moore 318 var. lacerato-marginatum, Sim 306 var. lacerato-multifidum, Lotce var. lacerato-ramosum, Moore laceratum, Moore laceratum-dissectum, Moore 318 laceratum-Moukmanii, Moore 310 Lacertum, Lowe lacerum, Sim laciniat o- corniitum, ClapJiam laciniatum, Wollaston 303 lanceolum, Moore 290 latifolium, Lowe 248 lato-digitatum, Stansfield 356 lato-multifidum, Moore 323 latum, Lotve 319 Lentoneuse, Lowe 258 Hmbospermo-cristatum, Wollaston 334 limbospemiuin, Moore 318 lineare, Moore 334 lineare-cristatum, Lowe 342 1 iueat o-multifidum, Lowe 314 lobatum, Deakin, 340 lobatum-i'aniosiim, Lotve 304 lonclioplioruin,ilfoo>'e350 macrosoro-cornutiim, Lowe 304 macrosoruna, Fee 290 maculosum, Moore 263 Malcomsonise, Stansfield 355 Marcbantioides, Clapham 267 Scolopendrium vulgare, var. marginato-biforme, Monhman 351 var. marginato-capitatum, Loxve 280 var. marginato-coutractum, Loioe 265 var. marginato-convexum, Lowe 349 var. marginato-cordatum, Loice 301 var. marginal o-cornutum, Moore 318 var. marginato-coronatum, Moore 357 var. marginato-corrugatum, Moore 355 var. marginato-crispulum, Lowe 306 var. marginato-cristatum, Moore 278 var.« marginato-fimbriatum, Jioore 277 var. marginato-fissile, Sim 330 var. marginato-fissum, Moore 277 var. marginato-furcans, Loice 345 var. marginato-irregulare, Moore 285 var. marginato-laceratum, Clapham 272 var. marginato-latipes, ilfooj-e 300 var. marginato-lobatum, Moore 278 var. margiuato-Monkmanii, Lowe 299 var. marginato-multiceps, Moore 347 var. margiuato-multifidum, Sm 295 var. marginato-papillosum, Moore 340 var. marginato-polyschides, Lowe 300 var. marginato-sagittatum, Lowe 300 var. marginato-triforme, Padley 'iTi'^ var. marginatum, Moore 242 var. marginatum-acutum, Stansfield 334 var. marginatum-pygmoeum, -Sm 306 var. marginatum-tenue, Moore 278 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 487 PAGK Scolopendrium vulgare, var. Martyniauum, Stansfield 332 vai'. microdon, Moore 347 var. minus, Moore 339 var. Monkmanii, Moore 280 var. mucrouatum, Willdenow 302 var. multifido-laceratum, Lojve 280 var. multifidum, Gray 266 var. naultifiduni-majus, Stavsfield 334 var. multifidum-nanum, Lowe 217 var. multifiduni-resectum, Stansfield 336 var. multiforme, Wolhiston 241 var. multifurcatum, Moore 309 var. muricato-crispum, Lowe 302 var. muricato-marginatum, Padley 254 var. muricatum, Moore 258 var. muricatum-tenue, Padley 323 var. mutatum, Moore 276 var. nudicaule, AllcJiin 286 var. obtusilobatum, Moore 278 var. obtuso-dentatum, Moore 286 var. om.nilacerum, Lowe 334 var. opacum., Moore 282 var. Padleyense, Loioe 340 var. palm^atum-marginatum, Willison 326 var. papilloso-irregulare, Monkman 353 var. papillosum, Moore 234 var. patulum, LojtJe 262 var. perafero-cornutum, Moore 320 var. peraferum, Wollaston 236 var. perangustum, iowe 346 var. periergon, Loioe 250 var, pbyllolophyron, Lowe 255 var. pinnatifidum, Moore 351 var. plecomenoii, Lowe 323 var. plicatum, Clapham- 349 var. plumoso-lobatum, il/oore 276 var. pocilliferum, Moore 234 var. polycuspis, Moore 238 J'AOK Scolopendrium vulgare, var. polycus])is-angustum, Moore 313, 361 var. polycuspis-transversum, Moore 342 var. polycuspis-undosum, Moore 308, 361 var. polydactylum, Stanyfield 343 var. polymorphon, Lowe 326 var. polymorpbum, Wollaston 352 var. polyscbides, i?ay 314 var. polychides-crispum, Lo^oe 291 var. polyschides-i^ygmoeum, 31oore 324 var. polyscbizomenon, Loice 343 var. Postgateanum, Willison 307 var. projectum, Moore 326 var. proliferum, Wollaston 256 var. prominens, Moore 282 var. pseudo-Coolingii, Zowe 336 var. pseudo-Wardii, Lowe 288 var. ptyoides, Zowe 260 var. ramo-depauperatum, Clapham 342 var. ramo-marginatum Clapham 245, 362 var. ramo-marginatum- proliferum, Sim 306 var. ramo-palmatum, Lowe 305 var. ramo-proliferum, Clapham 305 var. ramo-submarginatum, Moore 308 var. ramoso-contractum, Jfoore 360 var. ramoso-cristatum, Clapham 331 var. ramoso-glomeratum, Moore 312 var. ramoso-rugosum, Sim 298 var. ramosum, Willdenow 292 var. ramosum-densum, /Sm 298 var. ramosum-latum, Sim2'dS var. ram.osujii-majus, Clapham 305 var. ramusculum, Lotve 255 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. PAGE Scolopendrium vulgare, var. rciiiforine, Williams 237 var. resectum, Moore 280 var. reticulato-fissum, Moore 282 var. retinervium, Moore 278 var. rigidum, WoUaston 338 var. rimosum, Moore 284 var. rotundifolium, Lowe 277 var. rugosiim, All chin 241 var. sagittato-crispvim, Moore 324 var. sagittato-cristatum, Clapham 239, 269 var. sagittato-Hillmanii, Lowe 269 var. sagittato-laceratum, Moore 324 var. sagittato-lobatum, Moore 320 var. sagittato-polycuspis, Moore 297 var. sagittato-projectum, Moore 339 var. sagittatum, Allckin 321 var. sagittifolium, WoUaston 318 var. salebrosum, Moore 278 var. scabrum, WoUaston 296 var. scalpturato-dissectum, Moore 300 var. scalpturato-latum, Moore 354 var. scalpturato-lobatum, Moore 362 var. scalpturato- margiuatum, Sim 298 var. scalpturatum, Moore 250 var. siciforme, WoUaston 290 var. siuum, Z,o?t'e 335 var. sinuato-lobatum, Moore 276 var. siiTiiato-multifidum, Padley 251 var. siniiatum, Moore 319 var. spirale, Moore 256 var. Stansfieldii, Stansjteld 285 var. stenomenon, Zowe 269 var. stephanotcs, Lowe 326 var. striatum, Moore 320 var. subcoruuto-laciniatiim, Clapham 311 var. subcornutum, Tat^ 244 var. subcornutum- marginatnm, Ivery 346 var, sublineato-striatuin 269 Scolopendrium vulgare, var. submarginato- dentatum, Moore 338 var. submarginato- Monkmanii, Loive 281 var. submargiiiato- multifidum, Moore 234 var. submarginatum, WoUaston 257 var. subm^arginatum-tenue, Sim 298 var. subpinnatum, J/oore 244 var. subvariegatiim, WoUaston 284 var. supralineato-angustum, Stansfield 336 var. supralineato- coustrictum, Moore 301 var, sujDralineato-cornutum, Clapham 830 var. supralineato-crispum, Lowe 349 var. supralineato-latum, Moore 355 var, supralineato-lobatum, Ifoore 276 var. supralineato- multifidum, Moore 286 var. sapralineato-resectum, Moore 276 var. siipralineato-turgidum, Moore 340 var. supralineato-ui'j dosum, Stansfield 336 var. supraliueatum, Moore 250 var. suprasoriferum, Lowe 329 var. suprasorifero- dichotomiim, Stansfield 341 var, Tiai'asforme, Zomjo 316 var. tortuoso-cristatum, Lotce 259 var. tortum, 3Ioore 356 var, transverso-lobatum, Moore 234 var. trausVerso-multifidum, Moore 274 var. truncatum, Ivery 848 var. tiirgido-irregulare. J/oo/-e 268 var. turgidiim, Wollaston271 var. uncinatum, Moore 334 var. undatum, Padley 802 var. tmdulato-bifurcum, iowe 302 var. iindulato-coiitractum, Loioe 253 ALPIIABETICAX INDKX. 489 Scolopendrium vulgare, var. imdulato-lobatum, Moore 256 var. undulato-multifidum Loive 299 var. undulato-projectum, Moo7-e 324 var. uudulato-ramosum, Loive 252 var. undulato-varians, Moore 328 var. undulatum, Moore 271 var. unilaterale-ramosum, Loioe 264 var. variabile, Wollasion 263 var. variabile-cristatnm, Moore 308 var. variegato-creiiatiim, Wollaston 298 var. variegatum, Moore 332 var. variegatum-Claphauiii, Clapliam 332 PAGE Scolopendrium vulgare, var. variegatum-Elworthii, Loioe 332 var, variegatum-Willisonii, WilUson 332 var. verticulum, Loioe 344 var. vespifoi-mc, Clapham2'T7 var, viviparum, TFollaston 282 var. vivo-marginatuzn, Clapham, 350 var. vivo-polyschides, Clapham 314 var. Wardii, Clapham 287 Tricliomanes radicaus, Sivartz 4A'7 var. Audrewsii, Moore 449 var. alatum, Bachlwuse 450 var. di[atat\im,Bachhouse 450 var. furcans, io«'e 450 Woodsia hyperborea, B. Broicn 441 Ilvensis, B. Brown 443 490 CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. II. In concluding this Second Volume of "Our Native Ferns," I beg to express my warmest thanks to those friends on this long list for theii- valuable assistance, and in doing this I cannot refrain from specially thanking Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough; Mr. Barnes, of Milnthorpe; Mr. Clowes, of Windermere ; Mr. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe ; Mr. James, of Vauvert; Mr. Thomas Moore, of Chelsea; Mr. Monkman, of Malton; the Rev. Charles Padley, of Beaconfield; Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden; Mrs. Thompson, of Exeter; Mr. WoUaston, of Chiselhurst; Mr. Clift, of Birmingham; Mr. "Willison, of Whitby; Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall; Mrs. Hone, of Vevay; and Mr. Ivery, of Dorking; each have been in constant correspondence with me, and their ready assistance at all times has been a source of great gratification, as well as materially increasing the value of this history of the varieties of "Our Native Ferns." Nor must I omit to thank the following contributors for their valuable co-operation : — Professor Balfour, F. R. S , Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh Miss Beever, Coniston Messrs. Bacl^housc, Nursery, York Mr. R. C. Brown, Nottingham The Rev J. M. Chanter, Ilfracombe Mr. Edwin Cooling, Mileash Nursery, Derby Mr. J. Conner, Buchanan Gardens, Stirlingshire Mr. J. Dadds, llfracombe Dr. Dickie, Aberdeen The Rev. T. EUacombe, Bitton Rectory, Bristol F. A. Edelsten, Esq., The Woodlands, Moseley, near Birmingham P. Neill Fraser, Esq., Canon-Mills Lodge, Edinburgh F. J Foot, Esq., Ordnance Survey of Ireland R. J. Gray, Esq., Alphington, near Exeter T. Glover, Esq., Smedley Hill, Manchester Mr. J Henderson, Wentworth Swynfen Jervis, Esq., Darlaston Hall, near Stone, Staffordshire Miss Annie Kitson, Shiphay, Torquay Mr. Kennedy, Nurseryman, Covent Garden Major A. S"H Lowe, F.R.A.S The Rev. F. Mules, M.A, Marwood, Barnstaple Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart., Rolleston Hall, Burton-on -Trent Mr. Mapplebeck, Wood Field, Moseley Messrs. Osborn and Sons, Fulham, near London The Rev. G. Finder, M.A., Hartford Vicarage Mr. J R. Pearson, Chilwell Nurseries, Nottinghamshire Mrs. Riley, Papplewick, Nottinghamshire Joseph Sidebotham, Esq., Manchester Mr. R. Sim, Foot's Cray Nursery, Kent G. Stabler, Esq., Leven, Milnthorpe Mr. John Sadler, Edinburgh James Vcitch, Esq., Chelsea F. Wright, Esq., Osraaston, near Ashbourne W. Winstanley, Esq., Chaigelcy Manor, near Clitheroe, Lancashire 491 AUTHOKITIES QUOTED IN VOL. II. Acharius Allcock, 0 Agardh Alton Allchin, Dr Allcock, G. H Allman, Dr AHioni Anderson, J Appleby, S Arnott Andrews, W Atkins, J Ayrcs, W. P Babington, Professor Barnes, T. M Barrington, R Barrolier Balfour, Professor Bauhin, J Barter, C Bain Backhouse, J Barker, J Ball, R Balbis Barrington, Mrs Bailey, Rev W. R Bernliardi Beever, Miss S Beck I'entham, R Berth Bertoloni Blackburne, Miss H Bohon Bolle Bory Brown, R Brown, R. S Brown, Miss F Buckley, H Broca?, F. Y Brackenridge Blume Bloxam, R Bonpland BuUer, Mrs. H Boistel, M Braun Bojcr Buckle, J Brent, F Buchanan, Col. Bowden, W Carrol, J Caranilles Campbell, ifrs Carter, T. G Chaubard Chanter, Rev. J. M Chapman Chanter, Mrs Clapham, A Clowes, C Clowes, F Crossfield, J Cooling, E Clark, L Clarke, R Cobb, J. R Cox Cosh, J Connon, J Craig, R Clift, J Clift, S Curtis Cunningham, A Crawford, A Colenso Cosson Cooper, W. M Crist V, VV Dadds, J Daniels, J Dale, G Dawson, G Decaisne Dick Dickie, Dr Dobree, Mrs Deakin Desvaux Dempster, H. F De Canddlle Delves, Mrs Drummond, J Elworth}', C Ecklon Edelsten, P. A Edwards, G. W Edwards, R East, Mrs Eden, Capt. M Edgeworth Enys, J. D Ellacombp, Rev, T Fielden, J Fairbridge, J Eraser, P. N Foxton Field Findlay, B Fee Fischer, J. A Francis Fries Foot, J. F Forster Gasperriiii Gray, A Gray, P Gray, R J Gra3^ S. F Grav, S. 0 Gilibert Garnett Galleotti Griffith, Miss G Germain Gouan Gunning, J Gibbs Gaudichaud Giildenstadt Gussone Godrich Gerard Glave Gibson, S Glover, T Grindon, L. H Hawker, Rev. \V. H Hankej-, G Hardy, J Hayling, H Had win Henderson, James Henslow, H. D Hedwig Henfler Hewitson Heward, R Henderson, Joseph Hooker, Sir J, VV (the late) Hooker, Dr. J. D Hudson Hoffmann Hoenke Hillman, D Hutchison, W Hoseason, Miss Hore, Rev. W. S Holmes Howie, C Hone, Mrs. B Hunton, T Hole, Mrs Horsfall. J Hudhart, J Hull Humboldt Hutchison, D Higgins, E. T Hudson, Rev. W Ivery Jackson, C Jacquin James, J Johns, Miss C. E Johnstone, VV. G 492 AUTHORITIES. Johnson, G Jacqiiemont Kinahan, Dr Kitson, Miss A Kitson, Miss F Kitaibel Klotzsch Koch Kimth Ktinze Kaulfnss Keir. P. F Labillardiere Lamarck Lavey, H Lang Law, J Ledoboiir Liljcblad Leighton, Rev. W. A Lewis Lewis, Miss Linnajus Link Little, Rev. W Lightfoot Loddiges Lowe, E J Lowe, A S. H Lyall, Dr Luninitzcr Macleod, Mrs Hume Mackay, Dr. J F Mapplebeck, J. E Martens Maw, G Mahy, Miss Marshall, W Macreight Mansell, Miss Malcomson, Miss Maher, D Mc'Intosh, C Mc' Innes, Miss Merat Mcttenius M'Nab, J Milde Mirbcl Michaux Morris, J Moss, Miss L IMoule, R Moly Mohr Monkman, C Monkman, Mrs C M.jench Morisson Moore, T Moore, D Morse, J Moslcy, Sir Oswald Morris, R Miickle, J Murray, D Mueller Mules, Rev. F Newman, E Nyman Newell, J. S Nowell, S Newnham Nichol, Dr. W Nixon, W Orr, D Opiz Osborn and Suns Ogilby Pallas Patman Parsons, Miss Parker Pamplin, W Pappe Paterson Padley, Rev. C Piquet, M Finder, Rev G Pearson, R. J Plukenet Postgate Preston, R Pollini Power, Dr Poeppig Presl Pritchard, T Poiret Rawson Ravenshaw, Rev. T. F Ray Retzius Redhead, R. M Rooper, Rev. T Rogers, Mrs Richard Riley, Mrs Roxburgh Roth Ruprecht Rutson Rylands, T G Sadler, J Salisbury Schott Schrader Schumacher Schreber Schultz Schlechtendal Schlotz Schkuhr Sclater, J. H Scott, G Scopoli Sibthorp Sidebotham, J Sim, R Shepherd, A Sieber Smith Smith, C Smith, Rev. R. T Smith, Dr Smith, J Solander Sowerby Sprengel Svvartz Stansfield, A Stansfield, T Stowe, A Stevens, W Sturm Stokes, Dr Symons, F Staley, T Strempel Syme, J. T Svensk Stabler, G Taylor, Rev. R Tatham, J Tausch Tait, A T.aylor, A. B Taylor, Dr Tenore Thunberg Tinco Tliompson, Mrs Thompson, George Thomas, T. H TowMsend, Miss Trevellyan. Sir W. C Vernon, Miss Viviani Villars Wahlenbcrg Walker, Mrs Ward, N. B Wager, G Wallich, Dr Wallroth Westcott Weber VVilcke, T Williams Weis Weinm Willison, W Wierzb Wimm Wilson, F. C Wilson, W Withering Wright, Miss Wulfen Wriglev. Dr. E. G Wood, J Woodward, S. P Woods, J Wright, F Wilkinson, Miss Isabella Willdenow Wollaston, G. B Wolsey, G Young Young, J Zenker B FAWCETT, ENGRAVER AND PRINTER, DRIFFIELD. CORRIGENDA. [It has been thought desirable to alter the various authors names of the following as they do not agree in gender with the species ] ' YOL. I. Pages 264, 280, 282, 339, for 'biformis,' read 'biforme.' " 264, 282, 341, for 'triangularis,' read 'triangulare.' •« 271, 280, 282, 339, for 'atro-viridis,' read 'atro-viride.' " 274, 280, 282, 341, for 'multiformis,' read 'multiforme.' " 278, 280, 282, 341, for 'tenuiformis,' read 'tenuiforme.' " 280, 316, 324, for 'gracilis,' read 'gracile.' " 309, 324, 339, for 'irregularis,' read 'irregulare.' " 312, 324, 339, for 'dilaceratum,' read 'dilacerata.' " 323, 324, 339, for 'injsqualis,' read 'inrcquale.' VOL. II. Page 15, for 'cristata-pol.ydactyla,' read 'oristato-polydactylum.' " 48, for 'erosa-decurrens,' read 'eroso-decurrens.' " 77, for 'multicuspis,' read 'multicuspe.' Pages 105, 148, 482, for 'Vernonire-cristata,' read 'Vemoniaj-cristatam.' " 179, 184, for 'leptorachis,' read 'leptorache.' " 238, 366, 487, for 'pol}'cuspis,' read 'polycuspe.' " 297, 367, 488, for 'sagittato-polycuspis,' read 'sagittato-polycuspe.' " 308, 36G, 487, for 'polycuspis-undosum,' read 'polycuspe-undosum.' " 313, 366, 487, for 'polycuspis-angustum,' read 'polycuspe-angustum.' " 342, 366, 487, for 'polycuspis-transversum,' read 'polycuspe-transversum.' " 363, 366, for 'polycuspis-irregulare,' read 'polycuspe-irregulare.' Page 382, for 'crispum-erectum,' read 'crispa-erecta.' " 434, for 'quadratum' and 'pulcherrimum,' read 'quadrata' and 'pulcherrima.' ERRATA. VOL. I. P.igc 78, for 'tripinnatum,' read 'achurodes.' " 250, for 'Marsdenoj,' read 'Marsdenite.' " 251, for 'Beevoriae' and 'Miss Beevor,' read 'Beeverii^' and 'Miss Becver.' " 290, for 'vallida,' read 'valida ' VOL. 11. Page 269, for 'sagittato-cristatum, Clapham,' read 'sagittato-cristatum-Bilhnanii, Lowe, and omit the 'Raincliff Wood locality,' and the expression 'somewhat inconstant, " 394, for 'serrulata, fig 806,' read 'fig. 823.' " 394, for 'projecto-multifida, fig. 807,' read 'figs. 806 and 807.' " 402, for 'Blechnum,' read 'Lomaria.'