TK D. H. HILL LIBMJY NORTH GAOLIM ST4TE COLLEGE -s? \,i.* ENTOMOLOGICAL COLLECTION This book must not be taken from the Library building". O U T L I N E S O F T H E NATURAL HISTORY O F GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. CONTAINING A fyftematic Arrangement and concife Defcription of all the Animals, Vegetables, and Foffiles which have hitherto been difcovered in thefe Kingdoms. By JOHN B E R K E N H O U T, M. D. IN THREE VOLUMES. mi ■■ i ■'■■ - ' »■■——■ i> iiii — — — — — mmm t , — .1 ■■■■— ■ . i.m V O L. II. Comprehending the Vegetable Kingdom. LONDON: Printed for P. Elmsly (Succeflbr to Mr. Vaillant) facing Southampton-Street, in the Strand. MDCCLXX, PREFACE IT being probable that this Volume w fall into the hands of many iluden who are not pofTeiTed of the Firft, feems neceffary to repeat the Explanati( of my Defign, by informing the your Botanift, that he is to confider this Boo not as a fufficient fyftem of Englifh Botan but rather as an index to that branch Natural Hiftory; as a pocket-companion his botanical excurfions. Thofe who, with an intent to criticil chufe to confider it in any other light, m< very plsufibly object to the want of fyn mina and references ; but I have omitt< them, firft, becaufe they would have fwell< this Volume, particularly, to an improp fize j fecondly, becaufe they are of no u in the field, where the books referred to a not at hand, and where a more ample d fcription, which, by omitting thofe, I h< A 2 TOO iv P R E F A C E. room to add, will be infinitely more wel- come ; and thirdly, becaufe I fuppofe the young Botanift will, on his return home, find in his clofet Linnaeus's Species Plant a- rum, or Hudfon's Flora Anglica, where he will meet with fynomina and references to every author of credit ; nor will he have the leaft difficulty in finding, in either of thefe, any particular plant concerning which he may want to confult other writers ; be- caufe I have followed the fame fyftem, and have retained the fame generic and trivial names. But though I have adapted the fyftem of Linnaeus, 1 have dared, in particular in- stances, to break his chain, and tranfpofe fome of the links. My reafons for this piece of preemption are thefe : The Linnaean fyftem is evidently and confeffedly artificial ; the fole ufe and inten- tion of which is, to enable a young Botanift to difcoverthe name of any unknown plant, by reducing it, firft to its clafs, then to its Order, then Genus, and finally to its Spe- cies. Suppofing him, therefore, well ac- quainted with the- characteristics of the Twenty- P RE FA C . Ei v Twenty-four ClafTes, having gathered a plant with which he is unacquainted, he firfl examines the parts of fructification, and, without much difficulty, determines the Clafs. He then fixes the Order ; and fo proceeds. But if it ihould unfortunately happen, that the whole Clafs and Order to which his plant evidently belongs exhibits no fuch Genus, he is immediately bewilder- ed, and begins to flatter himfeif that he has difcovered a plant unknown to Linnaeus : Nor is there any method of finding his mif- takc, except by comparing the plant in queftion with every generic character in the whole Syftem. How ftrange foever this may appear, it is a caie that mult frequently happen, in confequence of Linnaeus, and Hudibn after him, having fometimes arranged particular Species in Clatles to which they do not be- long, becaufe they were unwilling to fepa- rate one or more Species from others of the lame Genus. Doubtlefs, if this could be avoided, without fo manifeft an inconve. nicncy, it ought. But if Nature be ib un- traceable as not to fubmit eritir ly to th>: A 3 ten VI PREFACE. fetters of Art, we mult do the belt we can* and of two evils chufe the leaft. I am forty to differ from a man to whom the fcience of Botany owes fuch infinite obligation ; but I humbly conceive, that in all fy items, the firft grand divifions of Clafs and Order mould be abfolute, without exceptions; otherwife the fyltem ferves only to perplex the investigation it was meant to facilitate. On this principle, therefore, I have transferred feveral fingle Species to their proper Clafs and Order, referring the reader for then- generic character to the Clafs and Order where the reft of the fame Genus are to be found. In a Natural fyltem this feparation would b" unpardonable •, but in an Artificial one, provided I am thus enabled more readily to identicate the plant in queftion, it is cer- tainly of no importance that there are other Species of the fame Genus in another part of the Book. Neverthelefs, the reader will find an in- ilance or two of Species itill improperly ■ Uffed, owing to inattention, till it was too late* PREFACE. vii late -, the firft part of the Volume having been printed before the latter was finifhed. I acknowledge my obligation to the Au- thor of the Flora Anglic a, which has been of confiderable ufe to me in afcertaining the plants which are properly natives of thefa kingdoms. If I have omitted fome Species which may be found in his Book, it is in deference to the opinion of Linnseus, by whom they are rejected. With regard to typographical errors, I hope they are not numerous : Such, how- ever, as may occur, muft be attributed to my diftance from the prefs. The Third Volume of this Work, con- taining the Foflile Kingdom, will be pub- lifhed as foon as poflible. Abergavenny^ March 4, 1770. The The Vegetable Kingdom is divided into Twenty-four Claffes; viz. ChCs I. Monandhia. Flower hermaphrodite, ftamtn one. II. Diandria. Flower hermaphrodite, {lamina two. III. Triandria. Flower hermaphrodite, ftamina three. IV. Tetrandria. Flower hermaphrodite, ftamina four. V. Pentandria. Flower hermaphrodite, ftamina five. VI. Hexandria. Flower hermaphrodite, ftamina fix. VII. Heptandria. Flower hermaphrodite, ftamina feven. VIII. Octandria. Flower hermaphrodite, ftamina eight. IX. Enneandria. Flower hermaphrodite, ftamina nine. X. Decandria. Flower hermaphrodite, ltarnina ten. XI. Dodecandria. Flower hermaphro- dite, ftamina from twelve to nineteen. XII. Icosandria. Stamina generally twenty or more, fixed not to the receptacle, but to the infide of the calyx. XIII. Polyandria. Stamina from twenty to a thoufand, fixed to the receptacle. XIV. Didynamia. Stamina four, two Jong and two fhort. XV. Tetrad vnamia. Stamina fix, four long and two (oppofite) fhort. XVI. Mo- r 10 ] XVI. Monadelphia. Stamina united at the bafe in one body. XVII. Diadelphia. Stamina united in two diftincl: fetts. XVIII. Polyadelphia. Stamina united in three or more diftincl fetts. XIX. Syngenesia. Antherze united in a cylinder, flowers compofite. XX. Gynandria. Stamina inferted in the piftillum. XXI. Monoecia. Male and female flowers diftincl, on the fame plant. XXII. Dioecia. Male and female flowers on different plants. XXIII. Polygamia. Hermaphrodite and alfo male or female flowers, or both, on the fame or different plants of the fame fpecies. XXIV. Cryptogamia. Flowers concealed. Clafs I. M O N A N D R I A. Order i. Monogynla. Piftillum one. 2. Digynia. Piftilla two. II. D I A N D R I A. Order I. Monogynia. Piftillum one. 2. Digynia. Piftilla two. 3. Trtgynia. Piftilla three. III. TRIANPRIA. Order 1. Monogynla. Piftillum one. 2. Digynia. Piftilla two. 3, Trigynia. Piftilla three. IV. TE- I 11 3 IV. TETRANDRIA, Order i. Monogynia. Piftillum one. 2. Digynia. Piftilla two. 3. Tetragynia. Piftilla four. V, PENTANDRIA. Order 1. Monogynia. Piftillum one. 2. Digynia. Piftilla two. 3. Trigynia. Piftilla three. 4. Tetragynia. Piftilla four. 5. Pentagynia. Piftilla five. 6. Polygyria. Piftilla many. VI. H E X A N D R I A. Order 1. Adonogynia. Piftillum one. 2. Digynia. Piftilla two. 3. Trigynia. Piftilla three. 4. Tetragynia. Piftilla four. 5. Polygynta. Piftilla many. VII. HEPTANDRIA. Order j. Monogynia. Piftillum one. 2. Digynia. Piftilla two. 3. Tetragynia. Piftilla four. 4. Heptugynia. Piftilla feven. VIII. OCTANDRIA. Order 1. Monogynia. Piftillum one. 2. Digynia. Piftilla two. 3. Tngynia.' Piftilla three. ^. Tetragynia. Piftilla four. IX. EN- [ 12 3 IX. ENNEANDRIA. Order i. Monogynia. Piftillum one. 2. Trigynia. Piftilla three. 3. Hexagynia. Piftilla fix. X. D E C A N D R I A. Order 1. Monogynia. Piftillum one.' 2. Digynia. Piftilla two. 3. Trigynia. Piftilla three. 4. Pentagynia. Piftilla five. 5. Decagynia. Piftilla ten. XI. D O D E C A N D R I A. Order 1. 'Monogynia. Piftillum one. 2. Digynia. Piftilia two. 3. Trigynia. Piftilla three. 4. Pentagynia. Piftilla five. 5. Ottagyaia. Piftilla eight. b. Dodecagynia. Piftilla twelve. XII. ICOSANDRIA. Order 1. Monogynia. Piftillum one. 2. Digynia. Piftilla two. 3. Trigynia. Piftilla three. 4. Pentagynia. Piftilla five. 5. Polygynia. Piftilla many. XIII. POLYAMDRIA. Order 1. Monogynia. Piftillum one. 2. Digynia. Piitiila two. 3. Trigynia. Piftilla three. 4. Tetragynia. Piftilla four. Order [ '3 ] Order 5. Pentagynia. Piftilla five. 6. Hexagynia. Piftilla fix. 7. Polygyria, Piftilla many. XIV. DIDYNAMIA. Order I. Gymnofyermia. Seeds naked. 2. Angiojpermia. Seeds in a pericarpium. XV. TETRADYNAMIA. Order I. Silicuhfa. Seed in a fmall, round pod, 2. Siliquofa. Seed in a long, larger pod. XVI. MONADELPHIA. Order 1. Pentandria. Stamina five. 2. Ennsandria. Stamina nine. 3. Decandrta. Stamina ten. 4.. Dodecandria. Stamina twelve. 5. Polyandria. Stamina many. XVII. DI ADE LP HI A. Order 1. Pentandria. Stamina five. 2. Hexandria. Stamina fix. 3. Oclandria. Stamina eight. 4. Decandria. Stamina ten. XVIII. POLYADELPHI A. Order 1. Pentandria. Stamina five in each fett. 2. Icofandria. Stamina twenty in each fett, 3. Polyandria. Stamina many in each fett. XIX. S Y N- C 14 ] XIX. SYN G E N ESI A. Order I. Polygamia aqiialis. Florets all herma- phrodite. 2. Polygamia fuperfua. Florets of the difk hermaphrodite, of the radius female. 3. Polygamia frujlranea. Florets of the difk hermaphrodite, of the radius neuter. 4. Polygamia necejfaria. Florets of the ra- dius female, of the difk male. 5. Polygamia fegregata. Within the com- mon calyx many partial calyces, fepa- rating the florets. XX. G Y N A N D R I A. Order 1. Diandria. Stamina two, germen twitted. 2. Triandria. Stamina three. 3. Tetrandria. Stamina four. 4. Pentandria. Stamina five. 5. Hexandria. Stamina fix. 6. Decandria. Stamina ten. n. Dodecandria. Stamina twelve. 8. Polyandria. Stamina many. XXI. M O N O E G I A. Order I. Monandria. Male flowers with one ftamen. 2. Diandria. Male flowers with two {la- mina. 3. Triandria, Male flowers with three flamina. 4. Tetrandria. Male flowers with four itamina. Order [ >5 ] Order 5. Pentandr'ia. Male flowers with five ftamina. 6. Hexandria. Male flowers with fix fta- mina. 7. Heptandria. Male flowers with kven. ftamina. 8. Polyandria. Male flowers with many ftamina. 9. Adelphia. Male flowers with one fett of united ftamina. JO. Syngenefa. Male flowers with united antherae. II. Gynandna. Male flowers with ftamina growing out of the piftillum. XXII. D I O E C I A. Order 1 . Monandria. Male flowers with one ftamen. 2. Diandria. Male flowers with two fta- mina. 3. Triandria. Male flowers with three ftamina. 4. Tetrandria. Male flowers with four ftamina. 5. Pentandria. Male flowers with five ftamina. 6. Hexanaria. Male flowers with fix fta- mina. 7. Enneandria. Male flowers with nine ftamina. 8. Dccandria. Male flowers with ten fta- mina. 9. Do iecandria. Male flowers with twelve ftamina. 10. Polyandria. Male flowers with many ftamina. Order [ 16 ] Order 1 1 . Monadelphia. Male flowers with one fett of united ftamina. 12. Syvgenefia. Male flowers with united antherae. 13. Gynandria. Male flowers with ftamina growing out of the piftillum. XXIII. POLYGAMIA. Order 1. Monoecla. Polygamy on the fame plant. 2. Dieecia. Polygamy on different plants. 3. Trioecia. Polygamy on three different plants. XXIV. C R Y P T O G A M I A. Order 1. FlUces. Fruit on the back of the leaf. 2. Mufci. Anthefae feffile. 3. Alga. Root, item, and leaf all in one. 4.. Fungi. Mufhrooms, &c. THE THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM. CLASS L MONANDRIA. Stamen i„ Ord. I; MONOGYNIA. Piftillum i. SALICORNIA. Corolla o. Calyx in- flated, fquare, intire. Seed i. Leaves o. i. Herbacea. Afar Jh Samphire, JointedGlaflworty or Saltwort. Herbaceous, fpreading, branched, jointed ; extremities com- preffed and bifid. Flowers 3 on each fide of each joint. Height about 5 inches. On the fea-fhore. Annual. Aug. Sept. There are four or five va- rieties of this fpecies. HIPPURIS. Calyx o. Petals o. Stigma iimple. Seed 1. i. Vulgaris. Lefs Marjh Horfe-tail, or Mares-tail. Stem ftraight, jointed, ending in a Vol, IT. . £ fpike. R, H. HUT IIBRARY North Carolina State College MONANDRIA. DIGYNIA. fpike. Leaves narrow, growing round the joints, 4, 5, or 6 below, 7 — 18 above. In fprings and bogs. May, Perennial. II. DIGYNIA. ' Piftilla 2. CALLITRICHE. Calyx 0. Petals z„ Capfule bilocular. Seeds 4. 1, Verna. Vernal Starworty or Star-headed Water Cbkkweed. Upper leaves oval, crowded, in form of a liar ; the reft in pairs. Flowers fmall, white, androginous. Stems weak, numerous. Annual. In ponds and ditches. April to July. 2. Autumnalis. Autumnal Starwort. Leaves in pairs, linear, bifid at the ends. Stems numerous, weak. Flowers hermaphro- dite, fmall, yellowifh. In ponds and ditches* Flowers in autumn. CLASS D I A N D R I A. M.0NOCYSIA, £• CLASS II, D I A N D R I A: Stamina 2. I. MONOGYNIA. Piftillum 1. LIGUSTRUM. Calyx of one leaf, tu- bular, fmall, with 4 teeth. Corolla below the germen, monopetalous, re- gular, funnel-lhaped, quadrind. Fruit a berry, with four Seeds. I. Vulgare. Privet, or Prim. A tall (lender fhrub. Flowers white, in clutters ter- minal. Berries black. Leaves in pairs, long, narrow, dark green. In woods and hedges. Flowers in May. CIRCiEA. Flower above the germen.. Corolla of 2 petals, equal, expanded. Calyx of 2 leaves, oval, deciduous. Seed 1, bilocular, oblong. 1. Lutitiana. Enchanter' s Night foade Stem erec"r, about a foot long, with a fpike of white flowers on the top. Leaves, in pairs, on long footftalks, deep green, oval but ending in a point. In hedge-bot- toms, &c. June, July. Perennial. 2. Alpina. Mountain Enchanters Night -Jhade. Stem weak, partly procumbent, about 4 inches long. Flowers reddiih. Au- £ 2 guft. 4 DI'aNDRIA. • MONOGYNIA. ' guft. Perennial. I take this to be on»« ly a variety of the laft. VERONICA. Calyx irregular, quadri- partite, with fharp points and perma- nent. Corolla monopetalous, irregular, quadrifid, tubular, the fegments oval and fpreading. Capfule bilocular. Seeds many.. i. Spicata. Upright Spiked Male Speedwell. Stem fimple, about 2 foot high, terminated by a fpike of fmall blue flowersr Leaves oppofite, minutely notched, fmall, ob- tufe. In meadows and paftures.. Flowers in June. Perennial. 2. Hybrida. JVelJh, or Bugle-leaved, Speedwell. Stem erect, near afoot high, terminated* by a fpike of blue flowers. Leaves oppofite, rough, obtufely ferrated, broad. July. Perennial. On Craig Wreidhin in Wales. 3.. Officinalis. Male Speedzvell. Stem procum- bent, with lateral fpikes of blue flowers. Leaves oppofite, hairy, oval, pointed,, ferrated ; thofe near the top are narrow. Flowers in May. Perennial. Among rubbifh, and in barren ground. # 4. Serpylli folia. Little fmooth Speedwell, or Paul's Betony. Stems numerous, partly pro- cumbent, terminated by loofe fpikes or bunches of pale blue flowers. Leaves oppofite, oval, fmooth, fmall, notched,, pale. In meadows and paftures fre- quent. May. Perennial. . . 5. Becca- ♦ D.I A N D R I A. MONOCYNIA. i$ ,5. .Beccabunga. Common Brooklime. Stem creep- ing. Flowers blue, in loofe lateral fpikes, leaves feilile, oval, oppofite, thick, notched. In (hallow water. June. Perennial. •6. Anagallis. Long- leaved Water Speedwell, orP/'w- pernel. Stem erect, thick, branched, about a foot and a half high. Flowers pale purple, in lateral bunches, nume- rous. Leaves feilile, long, narrow, fer- r. ted. July. In fhallow water. Pe- rennial. .7. Scutellata. Narrow-leaved Water Speedwell, or Pimpernel. Stem thick, but little .branched, about a foot high. Flowers few, on long flender foot-ftalks, pur- plifh or white. Leaves feilile, long, narrow, not fcrrated. June. Perennial. On fwampy ground. ■$. Chamaedrys. Wild Germander, iltem weak, but erect, about eight inches high. Flower large, blue, in lateral bunches. Leaves feilile, oppofite, oval, pale green, dentated. In paitures. May. Perennial. 9. Montana. 'Stalked Speedwell, or Mountain Mad- wort. Stalks weak, numerous, inclin- ing, near a foot high, with lateral pale blue Mowers on foot-ftalks, five or fix 011 each bunch. Calyx hairy. Leaves oppofite, wrinkled, on foot-;! alks, oval, notched. In hedges and moiir. woods. May. Perennial. ,10. Agreftis. Germander-leaved Speedwell. Stems many, weak, and five or fix inches high. Flowers folitary, blue, axillary. B 3 Leaves 6 DIANDRIA. M0N06YNIA. Leaves oppofite, on foot-ftalks, heart- fhaped, irregularly indented. In paf- tures. May. Annual. ir. Arvenfis. Chickweed Speedwell. Root of many fmall fibres. Stem weak, branched, about four inches high. Flowers pale blue, folitary, axillary, fefiile. Leaves oppofite, feilile, heart-fhaped, irregu- larly cut on the edges. On old walls, &c. May. Annual. 12. Hederifolia. Ivy-leaved Speedwell^ or Small Henbit. Stems weak, numerous, fix or eight inches high. Flowers fingle, blu~, fmall, axillary. Leaves plain, 5-lobed, oppofite. In corn-fields. April, May. Annual. 13. Triphyllos. Trifid Speedwell. Stems nume- rous, partly ere£r, about fix inches high. Flowers fingle, blue, axillary. Leaves alternate, deeply divided, the upper into three, the lower into five parts. In fandy fields, April and May. Annual. PINGUICULA. Corolla and Calyx gap- ing; the upper-lip trifid, the under bind. Ne&arium a fpur produced from the petal. Germen giobous. Style very fhort. Stigma bilabiate. Capfule unilo- cular. Seeds many. I. Lufitanica, Cornwall or Lefs Butterwort. Stems about three or four inches high, naked, not branched. Spur thickeft at the end. Flowers pale red. Leaves lie upon the ground in a circle. May. Perennial, in Cbrnwal on bogs. 2. Vulga- DIATJDR1A. MONOGYNIA. ■*] 8~ Vulgaris. Common Buttenvort, or Torkjhire &?- nick. Stems like the laft. Nectarium, or fpur, cylindrical, as long as the petal. Flowers refemble violets. Leaves thick, •oily, whiteon the under fide. May. Pe- rennial. Moft frequent in .the North. UTRICULARIA. Calyx of two fmall, oval, concave, deciduous leaves. Corolla of one petal ringent or gaping ; lips entire, With a heart-fhaped palate be- tween. A fpur produced from the petal. Stamina very ihort, curved. Capfule unilocular. 1. Vulgaris. Common hooded, or Water Milfoil. Stems naked, with lateral yellow flowers on (lender foot-ftalks. Leaves, like fern, are underwater. Neclarium conic. June, July. Perennial. In ftagnant water. 2. Minor. Left Hooded Milfoil. Nectarium ea- rinated, or ridged, and the whole plant muchlefs than the laft, near which it is often found. LYCOPUS. Calyx of one leaf, tubulat- ed, ferniquinquifid ; fegments acute. Co- rolla below the germen, mdnopetalous, unequal, tubular, quadrifid, fpreading; the upper fegment notched. Stamina, piftillum, and corolla nearly of the fame height. Seeds 4, naked. I. Europaeus. Water Horehound. Stem ere£r, fquare, hairy, hollow, about two feet high. Flowers fmall, white, furround- ing the item at the joints. Leaves large, feiliie, oblong, fmooth, oppofite, finua- B 4 ted |B DIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. ted and ferrated. On the banks of rivers and lakes in fandy foil. July. Perennial. r SALVIA. Calyx tubular, ftriated, of one leaf, 2 lips, dentated. Corolla a fingle petal, below the germen, tubular, gaping, unequal ; the upper lip concave, comprefled, notched ; the under broad, trifid. Stamina very fhort and forked. Style long ; ftigma. bifid. Seeds 4, naked. 1. Pratenfis. Meadow Clary. Stem upright, firm, angular, near a yard high. Flowers large, purple, in diftin£l whirls, termi- nate the ftem and branches. Leaves oppofite ; below, large and notched ; above, embrace the ftem. July. Peren- nial. Rare. 2. Verbenaca. Common Wild Clary. Stem firm, fquare, hairy, about two feet high. Flowers fmall, blue, in whirled fpikes like the laft. Leaves oppofite, irregu- larly cut and ferrated, J|, DIGYNIA, Piftilla 2. ANTHOXANTHUM. Calyx a glume, bivalve, with a fingle flower. Corolla a glume, of two valves, pointed. Seed j, Inflorefcence a fpike, terminal. I. Odoratum. Spring Grafs. Culm fiender, joint- ed, eight inches long. Spike loofe, yel- Jowifti. Florets longer than the beard, Jn meadows, &c. May. Perennial. CLASS TRIANDRIA, MONOCYNIA, $ CLASS III. TRIANDRIA. Stamina 3. MONOGYNIA. Piftillum 1. VALERIAN A. Calyx o, or very fmall. Corolla a fingle petal above the germen, quinquifid, the bafe gibbous on one fide. Seed naked, fingle. f. Officinalis. Great Wild Valerian. Stem erecl:, fimple, firm, ftriated, three to five feet high. Flowers terminal, in large tufts, reddifli white. Leaves oppofite, all pin- nated. June. Perennial. 0,. Locufta. Corn Sallad, or Lamb's Lettuce. Stem forked, flender, eight or ten inches high. Flowers fmall, bluiin white. Leaves oppofite, oblong, obtufe. In corn-fields, &c. April, May. Annual. CROCUS, Calyx a fpatba, or flieath of one valve. Corolla of one petal with fix equal fegments. Stigmata convo- luted. Germen below the flower. Seeds many, round. 1. Satfvus. {IO TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. I. Sativus. Saffron. Flowers purple, the tube of the corolla remarkably long. Leaves long and narrow j with a white rib along the middle. IRIS. Calyx a fheath of two valves. Co- rolla fexpartite, the fegments alternately erect and reflexed. Stigmata like petals. Germen below. Capfule oblong, an- gular, trivalve. Seeds many, large. I. Pfeudacorus. Yellow Waier-fiag. Stem erect, fimple, about a yard high. Flowers large, yellow. Leaves like fvvords. July. Perennial. On the banks of rivers, lakes, ditches. Z. Fcetidhnma. Stinking Flog flower , or Gladclon. Stem angulated on one fide. Flowers purplifh afh-colour, with the interior fegments of the petal fpreading. Leaves like the laft, but fmell di ("agreeably "when bruifed. In woods and hedges, &c. June, July. Perennial. SCHOENUS. Flower aggregate, glumofe. Common calyx a bivalve glume or hufk. Partial calyx of fix parts. Corolla d. Seed i. I. Marifcus. Long-rooted Bo/lard Cyperus. Culm, or ftraw, round, nve or fix feet high. Leaves three-'fided, prickly edges. h\ fens and bogs. July, Aug. 2» Nigricans. Round black-headed Bog- r ■« •/}). Culm naked, round ifh, yet fomewhat two- edged, about a foot high. Leaves round ifh with a ridge. One valve of the TRIANDRIA. MOKOCYNIA. II the common glume long and pointed. In fens and bogs. June. Perennial. 3. Ferrugineus. Brown Baftard Cxperus. Culm naked, round, ftiort, with a double fpike. The longer valve of the glume equals the fpike in length. July. Peren- nial. In bogs on high moors. Wales, Weftmoreland, &c. 4. Ccmpreffus. Compreffed Bajlcrd Cyperus. Culm naked, fomewhat triangular. Glume of one valve, with a compreffed diflich fpike. 5. Albus. TVhite-jiowered Rujb-grafs. Culm trian- gular, leafy, about a foot high. Panicle erect, broad, white. Leaves extremely narrow, convoluted. July. Perennial. In fens. CYPERUS. Spike imbricated on both fides. Corolla o. Seed 1, naked. I. Longus. Sweet Cyperus^ or EngRJh Galingale. Culm about three feet high, triangular, leafy ; a leafy fupradecompofite umbel, with naked foot-ftalks, and alternate fpikes. Leaves harm and fomewhat angular. Root long. Odoriferous. July. Perennial. In fens, &c, SCIRPUS. Glumes chaffy and imbri- cated on all fides. Corolla c. Seed 1, befet with fhort hair. I. Paluflris. Club-rufo. Culm about a foot long.* narked, round, in bundles, each culm terminated by a fingle cylindrical fhort fpike. 12 . TRIANDRJA. M.OJJOGYN IA. fpike. July. Perennial. On the banks of rivers, ditches, &c. frequent. 2* Cefpitofus. Dwarf Club-rujh. Culm .fix or eight inches long, .naked, ftriated, in bundles, each culm terminated by a finglefhort fpike, with a bivalve calyx, one valve longer than the other. A ihort narrow ftrap about the middle of the culm. July. Perennial. In wet paftures, and fometimes on high ground. 3. Acicularis. Leajl upright Club-rujh. Culm about two inches long, naked, round, with an oval bivalve fpike. Leaves .curved, rigid, cylindrical. On 'bogs, he. Auguft. Perennial, 4- FJuitans. Floating Clubrrujh. Culm round, naked, leafy, foft, fhort. Spike fingle. Leaves linear, plane, in alternate bun- ches. In ponds and ditches. July, Auguft. Perennial. 5. Lacuftris. Bull-rujh. Culm naked, round, five or fix feet high, with feveral oval fpikes on fhort foot-ftalks, near the fum- niit. Common in rivers and fens. July, Auguft. Perennial. 6. Holofchoenus. Round beaded Bull- rufh. Culm naked, round, tall, pointed, with fe- veral round ifh fpikes near the top, on foot ftalks, with a diphyllous unequal involucrum. July. Perennial. On the fea-cbafr. 7. Setaceus. Leajl Rufh ■> ox fmall Plymouth Rujh- grafs. Culm naked, round, pointed, about a foot high. Spikes lateral, feflile, few. Leaves numerous, cylindrical, and' TKIAKDRIA. MONOGYNIA. t% and no thicker than horfe-hair. In wet Tandy ground. July, Auguft. Annual. 8. Mucronatus. Pointed Bull- ri/JJj. Culm trian- gular, naked, pointed* about a foot and half long, with a naked conglomerate brownifh loofe fpike. Leaves fhort, few. July, Auguft. Perennial. On the fea-coaft, and on the banks oi? rivers. . q. Maritimus. Round-rooted Bajlard Cyperus. Culm triangular, naked, with a leafy conglobate loofe fpike. Leaves ftiff and fharp-edged. On the fea-coaft and; banks of rivers. Auguft. Perennial. ZO. Sylvaticus. Millet Cyperus-grafs. Culm tri- angular, leafv, about half a yard high, with a leafy umbel, cornpofed of crowd- ed fpikes on fupradecompoftte naked foot-ftalks. Leaves long and fome- what broad. July. Perennial. In wet ground. EPvIOPHORUM. Glumes, chaffy, im- bricated on all fides. Corolla o. Seed iy environed by long down. T. Polyftachion. Cotton-grafs. Culm round, (lender, about a foot high, with a few plane leaves, and terminated by a pe- dunculated pendulous fpike, refemb- ling when ripe a bale of cotton. June, July. In wet ground. Perennial. 2. Vp.ginatum. Hare 's-tail Rujh. Culm fheath- ed, round, about eight or ten inches long, with a fingle downy fpike. Leaves cylindrical, red in the fpring, and numerous J4 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. numerous from the root. In bogs on high moors. Early in the fpring. Pe- rennial. NARDUS. Calyx o. Corolla bivalve, clofed, forming a pericarpium to the feed, which is iingle. I. Stricta. A4at~grafs, or Small Mat-weed. Culm about a toot high, with an upright, {lender, compact, one-fided fpike. Leaves like rufhes. In fens, bogs, &c. April —June. Perennial. II. DIGYNIA. Piftilla 2. PHALARIS. Calyx a glume, of two valves, of equal length j a ridge along the back of each, and including the corolla, which is bivalve, and lefs than the calyx. 1, Canarienfis. Manured Canary-grafs. Panicle fubovate. Culm round, flender, joint- ed, from one to two feet high. A fin- . gle narrow pointed leaf at each joint. Seed white. June to Sept. Annual. 2. Arundinacea. Reed Canary-grafs, or Great Reed-grafs. Culm jointed, branched, four or five feet high. Panicles five or fix inches in length, oblong, bellying. , Leaves broad, ftriated. July. Peren- nial. Banks of rivers. PANICUM, T R I A N D R I A. DIG V N I Ah T$ ' PANIC DM, Calyx a tri valve glume, containing a iingle. flower ; one valve lefs, and behind the other. Corolla bi- valve, .unequal, adhering to the feed, which is- tingle. I. Viride. Green Panick or Corn-grafs. Culm {lender, round, jointed, procumbent, about. five inches long. Spike fingle, red- diihjfhorr, cylindrical, harfh. Leavesone at each joint, embrace theculrru July, Auguft. Annual. 'I. Crufgalli. Loofe Panick-grafs. Culm jointed, leafy, from two to four feet high. Spikes large and loofe, divided, fubdi- vided, and bearded. Rachis five-angu- lar. Auguft. Annual. 3. Sanguinale. Cock's-foot Pankk-grafs. Culm ereel, jointed, reddifh. Spikes like fin- gers. Leaves broader than common, with punctured vaginas. Auguft. An- nual. 4. Da£tylon. Creeping Panickgrafs. Spikes fin- gered like the laft. Leaves narrow. Shcots from the root creeping. July. Perennial. In fandy ground. PHLEUM. Calyx a bivalve, equal, nar-" row, comprefled, forked glume. Co- rolla lefs than the calyx, bivalve, un- equal. Stigma plumofe. Seed 1. I. Pratenfe. Mead&tv Cafs-tail Grafs. Culm am- ple, (lender, jointed, with vaginal leaves at each joint. Spike cylindrical, two or three inches long, with fringed glumes. Jul}'. Perennial. 2. Armarium. 16 TRI ANDRIA.' DIGYNIA, 2. Arinarium. Danifh Cat' 's-tail Grafs, or Sea Ca- nary Grafs. Culm branched. Spike oval* with fringed glumes. On the fea- fhore. July. Annual. 3. Nodofum. Bulbofe Cat1 s-tail Grafs. Culm in- clining. Spike cylindrical, fmooth. Antherae white. Leaves oblique. Root bulbofe. July, Auguft. Perennial. ALOPECURUS. Calyx a glume of two equal valves, containing a fingle flower. Corolla a fingle concave valve, the length of" the calyx, with a long arif- ' ta. Seed 1. 1. Bulbofus. Bulbofe Fox-tail Grafs. Culm erect. Spike cylindrical. Root bulbofe. In paftures. June. Perennial. 2. Pratenfis. Meadow Fox-tail grafs. Culm tall, eredl. Spike fomewhat loofe. Glume villous. Corolla without arifta. In mea- dows. May. Perennial. 3. Agreftis. Field Fox-tail Grafs. Culm inclin- ing. Spike cylindrical, long and fmall. Glumes fmooth. June, July. Peren- nial. 4. Geniculatus. Flote Fox-tail Grafs. Culm el- bowed at each joint, floating. Spike long, flender, fmooth. In ponds, &c. July, Auguft. Perennial. 5. Panaceus. Bearded Fox-tail Grafs. Culm two feet high. Panicle fubfpicate, bearded, woolly, long. In wet ditches, &c. July. Perennial, MILIUM. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 1J MILIUM. Calyx a bivalve glume, con- taining a fingle flower. Corolla very fhort, of two unequal valves. Stig- mata like pencils. Seed i. Effufum. MUlct Grafs. Culrri about three feet high. Panicle four or five in- cnes long, and the fame in diameter, fpreading wide. June, July. Annual. In moift woods. AGROSTIS. Calyx a bivalve glume. Corolla of two unequal valves, fome- what lefs than the calyx. Styles reflex and hairy. Stigmata longitudinally rough. Bearded. i. Spicaventi. Siliy Bent-grafs. Culm three or four feet high. Panicle near a foot long, loofe, waving, filky ; with a very long, itifF arifta growing from the exterior; petal of each flower. July. Annual. In fields. 2. Rubra. Red Bent-gmfs. Panicle pyramidal, reddifh, and fpreading when in flower. Exterior petal fmooth, terminated by a recurved arilta. July. Annual. In mea- dows, &c. - 3. Canina. Brown Bent-grafs. Culm proftrate. Calyx elongated, coloured ; dorlal arif* ta of the petals recurved, with a brown joint in the middle. Panicle not fpread, July, Auguit. Perennial. In wet mea- dows. C ** Bemd- tB TRIAKDRIA, DIGYNI/f, ** Btardlefs. 4.-. Stoldnifera. Creeping Bent-grafs. Culm about a' foot long, creeping and ftriking root \. vagina of the upper leaf inflated. Branches of the panicle denfe, forked. Glumes equivalvc, minute. Auguft. Perennial. In meadows, but not com- mon. 5. Capillaris. Pine Bent-grafs. Panicle (lender,. capillary, fpreading. Calyces equal, pointed, coloured. Auguft. Perennial. Common in meadows, &c. 6. Alba. Marjh Bent-grafs. Culm creeping and ftriking root. Panicle denfe. Calyces equal, coloured. July. Perennial. In. ditches, &c. frequent. £. Minima. Small Bent-grafs. Panicle filiform. Culm flcnderand very fhort. In Wales. Flowers early in the fpring. 8~ Sylvatica. Wood Bent-grafs. Panicle denfe. Calyces equal. Corolla before flow- ering fliorter, and after, much longer than the calyx. Auguft. Perennial. In the woods near Hampftead, &c. AIRA. Calyx a bivalve glume contain- ing two flowers. Corolla bivalve, re- fembling the calyx. Stigmata downy# * Beardlefs. I. Coerulea. Purple Hair-grafs. Panicle denfe* blue. Flowers, on foot-ftalks, convo- luted, pointed. Culm not jointed. Leaves flat. Auguft. Perennial. Oa, barren ground frequent. 2. Aquatica.. TRIANDRIA. D I G Y N I A. 19 2. Aquatica. Water Hair-grafs. Culm creeping. Panicle fpreading. Flowers fmooth, longer than the calyx. Leaves flat, nar- row. Tafte fweet. June, July. Pe- rennial. On the banks of rivers, &c. ** Bearded. 3. Csefpitofa. Turfy Hair-grafs, or great Corn- grafs. Culm about four foot high, but flender. Panicle large, fpreading. Pe- tals hairy at the bafe. Ariftae erecl: but fhort. Leaves long, foft, flat. July. Perennial. In moift meadows and woods. 4. Flexuofa. Twijled Hair-grafs. Culm almoft naked. Panicle whitiih purple, divari- cated, with winding foot-ftalks. Leave* like hair, fhort. In rocky barren ground. July. Perennial. 5. Montana. Mountain Hair-grafs. Panicle white, narrowed. Ariftae long, twirled. Glumes hairy at the bafe. Leaves like hair. July, Auguft. Perennial. On high barren ground. 6. Canefcens; Grey Hair-grafs. Panicle grow- ing from a fheath. Arifta girt in the middle with denticles, brown beneath, whitifh above, and fomewhat clavated. Leaves like hair. July. Annual. Sandy ground, near the Sea. 7. Prsecox. Early Hair-grafs. Leaves like the former. Sheath angular. Spike loofe, fmall, whitifh, with ariftae at the bafe of the flofcules. Culm fhort. May, June, Annual. In fandy ground. C 2 8. Caryophylea. i.0 T R I A N D R I A. D I G Y N I A. 8. Caryophylea. Silver Hair-grafs. Leaves lik* the reft. Panicle filvery-purpie, divari- cated ; flowers diftant ; ariftae twifted. Culm fhort. July. Annual. In fandy ground. MELICA. Calyx a bivalve glume con- taining two flowers, with the rudi- ments of a third between. Corolla bi- valve, beardlefs. Stigmata hairy. r. Nutans. Melie-grafs, or Red Oat-grafs. Panicle drooping, Ample, red. June, July. Perennial. In moift woods. POA. Calyx a beardlefs, bivalve glume, containing many flowers. Spike dif- tich or double, oval. Corolla bivalve, comprefTed, pointed, fomewhat longer than the calyx, and rough at the edges. Styles hairy. Iv Aquatica. Reed Meadow -grafs. Panicle di.- fufe j fpiculae with fix linear flowers. Culm tall. Leaves broad. July. Pe- rennial. On the banks of rivers, &c. 2. Trivialis. Common Meadow- grafs. Culm ere£r, cylindrical. Panicle diffufe ; fpiculae with three flowers, downy at the bafe. June — Auguft. Perennial. In meadows and paftures every where. 3. Anguftifolia. Narrow- leaved Meadow- grafs. Culm ereel:, cylindrical. Panicle dif- fufe ; fpioulas with four flowers, downy. July. Annual. In woods and hedges. 4. Pratenfis. Great Meadoxv- grafs. Culm erecl:, cylindrical, half a yard high. Panicle diffufe £ - TR IANDRIA. DIGYNIA. OX difFufe; fpiculae with five flowers, i'mooth. June, July. Perennial. In meadows, &c. 5. Annua. Annual Meadow-grafs, or Suffolk- grrfs- Culm • oblique, comprefled. Panicle difFufe at right angles ; fpiculae obtufe. May — September. In meadows, &c. i€yery where. 6. Pilofa. Hair-leaved Meadow-grafs. Panicle fpreading, ftifF. Radical leaves like liair. May, June. Annual. In dry paflures. 7. Rigida. Hard Meadow-grafs. Culm fhort, ftifF. Panicle oblong, tapering to a point, branched. Branches alternate; flowers on one fide only. Spiculae with fix or eight flowers. Calyx carinated- July. Annual. Qn walls and fandy ground. 8. ComprefTa. Creeping Meadow-grafs. Culm oblique, .comprefFed. Panicle denfe, with flowers on one fide only. June. Annual. On walls and other dry places. 9. Nemorafis. Wood Meadow-grafs. Culm curved. Panicle tapering ; fpiculae ge- nerally of two flowers, pointed, rough. Leaves narrow. June. Annual. In woods, &c. 10. Bulbofa. Bulbcfe Meadow-grafs. Culm with knobs at the bottom. Panicle crifp, fpreading a little. Spiculae with four flowers. July. Perennial. In mea- dows, &c. C 3 u. -Criftata. 22 TRIATCDRIA. DIGYNIA. II. Criftata. Crejied Meadow-grafs. Panicle alr moflr a fpike. Calyx fomewhat hairy, generally containing four flowers, which are longer than the foot-ftalk. Petals bearded. July, Auguft. Perennial. On high barren ground. BRIZA. Calyx a bivalve grume con- taining feveral flowers. Spicula diilich, heart-fhaped. Valves heart-fhaped, ob- tufe ; the interior minute. Seed i, very imall. J. Minor. Small Quaking-grafs. Spiculae trian- gular. Flowers {even, fhorter than the calyx. July. Perennial. In paftures, rare. £. Media. Common Quaking- graft. Panicle loofe. Spiculae oval. Flowers feven, longer than the calyx. Culm about ten in- ches high, with fingle vaginal leaves at the joints. Glumes on long {lender foot-ftalks. July. Perennial. In paf- tures, &c. D ACTYLIS. Calyx a bivalve acute ca- rinated glume, longer than the flower. Corolla alfoaglume, comprefTed, acute. Anthcras forked. Stigmata fimple. i. Cynofuroides. Snuoih CocFs- foot Grafs. Culm two feet high, with fix broad, fmooth leaves, rough at the edges and longer than the culm. Spikes on one fide only, diverging. Calyx contains a fingle flower. Auguft, September. Annual. In rnarfhes, &c. 2. Glomerata. T R I A N D R I A. D I G Y N I A. 23 %. Glomerata. Rough Cocks-foot Grafs. Panicle of feveral clofe fpikes, on one fide only, fune — Auo-ult. Perennial. In me.i- dews, &c. Vagina of the leaves bi« angular. Leaves rough. •CYNOSURUS. Calyx a bivalve glume containing feveral flowers ; proper re- ceptacle unilateral, ieafy. Corolla bi- valve j exterior valve longell and con- cave. £, Griftatus. Creficd Dog-tail Grafs. Culm a- bout two feet high, jointed, with long narrow vaginal leaves. Bracleae, or floral leaves, pinnatifid. Spike unila- teral, fringed, above an inch long, brown iih. A u guff.. Perennial. g. Echinatus. Rough Dog-tail, or Fox-tail Grafs. B racier exterior only, alternately pin- nated, bearded. Calyx bifloral, fharp- pointed. Florefcence an unilateral bunch, rough, harjh. July. Annual. On fandy ground. £. Cceruleus. Blue Dog-tail Graf . Culm fhort. Racemus, or bunch, entire., blue. Brac- teae intire. July. Perennial. In high pair u res, &c. FESTUCA. Calyx a bivalve, upright, glume, containing feveral flowers. Co- rolla bivalve, longer than the calyx, doled, pointed. Spicula oblong, fome- what cylindrical. Styles fhor£ reflex. Stigmata Ample. C 4 * Panicle 24 T R I A N D R I A. D I G Y N I A. * Panicle unilateral. 1. Ovina. Sheep's Fefcue-grafs. Culm fquare, with a few hair-like leaves. Panicle bearded, compact. June, July. Pe- rennial. In high paftures. 2. Duriufcula. Hard Fefue grafs. Panicle ob- long, drooping, harm, branched to- wards the bottom ; fpiculae pointing upwards, fix-flowered. Leaves like fmall rufhes. In dry meadows, &c. June. Perennial. 3. Rubra. Purple Fefcue-grafs. Panicle loofe, rough, red. Spiculae lix-flowered, beard- dd, except the laft flower. Culm femi- cylindrical, June. Perennial. In dry meadows. 4. Myuros. Wall Fefcue-grafs. Culm about twp feet high. Panicle fpicate, long, droop- ing. Calyces very fmall. Flowers rough, long-bearded. June. Annual. On walls, tkc. 5. Bromoides. Barren Fefcue-grafs. Spiculae e- rec~L Calyx with one valve Jong and, pointed, the other fmall, intire. May, June. Annual, In barren ground. 6. Elation Tall Fefcue-grafs. Panicle erect, branched. Spiculae fub-bearded, the exterior cylindrical. Leaves not very narrow, fmooth. July. Perennial. In meadows, &c. but rare, f* Panicle equal. ■3, Decumbens. Small Fefcue griffs. Panicle erect. Spiculae beardlefa. Calyx longer than thf: * R I A N D R I A. D I G Y N I A. 2$ the flowers. Culm decumbent, fhort, Auguft. Perennial. In moiit barren paftures. 3- Fluitans. Floiing Fefcue-grafs. Panicle branch- ed, ere£t, long. Spiculae, two or three on each branch, on very fhort foot-r ftalks, cylindrical, beardlefs. In fens and ditches frequent. June, July. Pe- rennial. BROMUS. Calvx a bivalve, multi- flower, fpreading glume. Corolla bi- valve j inferior valve larger than the o- ther, obtufe, bifid, with an arifta from below the apex. Spicula oblong, cy- lindrical, bilateral. f. Secalinus. Field Broom-grafs. Culm three feet high. Panicle fpreading; glumes fmooth -3 fpicula; oval ; beards ftraight. Leaves rough on one fide. May, June. Annual. In meadows, &c. 2. Tedlorum. Wall Broom-grafs. Culm flender- Panicle drooping ; glumes fringed* Leaves and vaginae downy. Florets #• May. Annual. On walls and barren paftures. 3. Sterilis. Barren Brcom-grafs^ or Wild-Oats. Culm about one foot and a half high. Panicle fpreading, drooping ; fpiculae oblong, bilateral. Glumes large, (harp, fix or feven-flowered. Leaves fmooth and not very narrow. June, July. An- nual. Woods, fields, hedges, &c. frequent. 4. Ar vends* 2>6 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 4. Arvenfis. Corn or Wood Broom-grafs. Panicle branched, fcattered, drooping. Spiculac oblong, comprefled. Leaves fomewhat broad, foft. July. Annual. In corn- fields, &c. 5. Giganteus. Toll Broom-grafs. Panicle droop- ing. Spicule four-flowered; ariftae fhort. Leaves broad. Auguft. Peren- nial. In moift woods and ditches. 6. Racemofus. Clujler Broom-grafs. Panicle afimple racemus or bunch 3 pedicles alternate, bearing a fingle oval, pointed flower. Leaves woolly beneath. 7. Pinnatus. Spiked Broom-grafs. Culm undi- vided. Spikes alternate, Cub-ferule, cylindrical j the plane fide towards the culm. Beards terminal. June. Pe~ rennial. In dry meadows. STIPA. Calyx a bivalve, one-flowered, loofe, pointed glume. Corolla bivalve, equivalve; the exterior terminated by a very long twirled arifta, jointed at the bafe. *. Pennata. Feather- grafs. Beards feathered. On mountains. July, Auffuft. Pe- rennial. AVENA. Calyx a bivalve loofe glume. Corolla bivalve, with a dorfal fpiral a- rifta. I. Elatior. Tall Oat-grafs. Culm about three feet high, jointed. Panicle long and loofe. Calyx with two flowers, the her- maphrodite TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 2/ maphrodite flofcule beardlefs, the male bearded. Root three or four bulbs one above the other. Leaves harfh. July, Auffuft. Perennial. In meadows, &c. 2. Nuda. Naked Oats, or Pihorn. Paniculate. Calyx three-flowered. Receptacle ex- ceeds the calyx. July. Annual. In corn-fields, but fcarce. 3. Fatua. Bearded Oat-grafs. Panicle fpread- ing ; calyces three-flowered, bale of the flofcules hairy. Culm jointed. Au~ suit. Perennial. In corn-fields. 4. Flavefcens. Yellow Oat-grafs. Panicle loofe, yellowifh ; calyces three- flowered, fhort, all the flofcules bearded. 5. Pratenfis. Meadow Oat-grafs. Panicle fpi- cate. Calyces five-flowered. Leaves rolled inwards. July. Perennial. In high paftures, on a chalky foil. 6. Pubefcens. Rough Oat-grafs. Calyces gene- rally three-flowered, bafe hJry. Pa- nicle purplifh mining white. Leaves plane, downy. On downs and dry paftures. June, Perennial. ARUNDO. Calyx a bivalve glume, ere6t. Corolla bivalve. Florets com- pact, befetwith down. Seed 1, downy. I. Phragmites. Common Reed-grafs. Culm jointed, hollow. Cr.lyces five-flowered. Pani- cle loofe. Leaves long, fharp-edged. July. Percnniul. In rivers, laices, See. Sequent. 2. Epigejos* ftS T R I A N D R I A. D I G Y K I A. 2. Epigejos. Small Reed-grafs. Panicle erec~U green ; calyx one-flowered. Leaves imooth beneath. July. Perennial. On barren hills. 3. Calamagroftis. Branched or Woolly Reed-grafs* Culm about four feet high, rough, with few joints, branched. Calyces one- flowered. Panicle fpicate, foft, white. June, July. Perennial. In mQiit woods and hedges. 4. Arenaria. Sea Reed-grafs, or Mat-weed. Spike long, foft. Calyces one-flowered. Leaves fharp-pointed, .the edges rolled inwards. June, July. Perennial . On the fea-fhore. LOLIUM. Calyx a glume of one leaf, ^containing feveral flowers on bilateral feffile fpikes. I. Perenne. Red Darnel. Culm jointed, about a foot long. Spikes beardlefs, flat, red. Leaves narrow. June. Perennial. In fields and roads frequent. ••2. Temulentum. White Darnel. Culm two feet or more in length, flender, jointed. Spike bearded, flat, near a foot long. July, Auguft. Annual. In corn-fields. JELYMUS. Calyx lateral, bivalve, •ag- gregate, containing feveral flowers. Spiculse two. J. Arenarius. Sea Lyme-grafs^ or ^ukk-grafs. Culm jointed, about a foot long. Spike eredtj T' R I A N D R I A. D I G Y N I A. £-9 erect, long, downy. Spiculce with two flowers, beardlefs, fhorter than the ca- lyx. Leaves involuted, Iharp-pointed, whitifh. May, June. Perennial.. On the fea-fhore. ■ 1. Ganinus. Bearded <%uick-grafs, or Dog-grafs. Spike drooping, contracted.. Calyces fubulate, with four flowers, bearded. June, July. Perennial. In. woods and hedges. Huds. Fl.Ang. p. 45, N°. 2r. SECALE. Calyx a gkime of two leaves, containing two flowers. Coroila bi- valve, the exterior ending in a beard. T. Villofum: Wood Rye-grafs Scales of the calyx wedged-fhaped ; fringe of the glume woolly. July. Annual. In woods and hedges., HORDEUM. Calyx a glume with fix leaves, containing three flowers, fef- iile. Corolla bivalve, bearded. i. Murinum. Wall Barky gvnfs. Culm about fix inches long. Spike refembles an ear of barley. Lateral flowers male, bearded. April — July. Annual. On walls, &c. 2. Nodofum. Knotted Barley-grafi. Lateral flowers beardlefs. Taller than the laft. TR-ITICUM. Calyx a bivahe glume,, iblitary, feflile, -generally containing three flowers. Corolla bivalve, one valve bellying, the other plane. 1. Junceum, 30 TRIANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 1. Junceum. Rufh JVheai-grafs. Calyx trun- cated, with five flowers. Leaves invo- luted, pungent, rufh-like. Perennial. 2. Repens. Common JP^heai-grafs, Dogs-graj$y or ^uick-grafs. Calyx taper, pointed, three-flowered. Culm jointed. Root creeping. Leaves {harp-edged. June — Auguft. 3. Maritimum. Sea JVheat~grafu Culm about feveri inches long, fometimes branched a little. Spike branched j fpiculae, with eight or ten flowers, alternate, fefllle. Leaves as long as the culm, with pur- plifli vagime. May, June. Perennial. On the fca-coaft. Hiuls. Flor. Angl% t • 35- N°* 2. III. T RIGYNIA, Piftilla 3, MONTIA. Calyx, perianthium, of two leaves. Corolla monopetalous, irregu- lar, quinquepartite. Capfule unilocu- lar, trivalve. Seeds 3. 1* Fontana. Wattr Ch'ukweed, or Blinks. Culm creeping, reddifh, very fhort, branched. Leaves oppofite. Flowers fmall, white, on long foot-ftalks. N. B. The calyx has fometimes three leaves, and the co- rolla five ftamina. April. Annual. Irt brooks, &c. CLASg t 1 r K A K i> * 1 A. MONOCYNIA. JI CLASS IV. TETRANDRIA. Stamina 4. MONOGYNIA. Piftillum 1.1 VERBENA. Calyx of one leaf, angular, tubular, linear, with five teeth, one of them truncated, permanent. Corolla mo- nopetalous, irregular, tubular, with five flight ferments in the rim. Stamina 4, very fhort and unequal. Style as long as the tube. Seeds 4, naked. 1. Officinalis. Vervain. Stem fingle, fquare, ftiff, fomewhat hairy, and branched. Leaves oppofite, oblong, and deeply finuated. Flowers frnall, blue, on long Loofe ipikes. July. Annual. * Corolla irregalar, cfom Vital. DIPSACUS. Common calyx of many leaves, containing feveral flowers. Pro- per calvx above the germen, very ml~ riute. Corolla monopetalous, quadri- fid, tubular, the external fcgmentlargeft. Receptacle conic, witn a great number of fharp paleae. Seed fingie. I. Fullonum. 32 T E T R A N D R I A. MONOGYNIA. 1. Fullonum. Manured Teafel. Culm three of four feet high, branched, befet with prickles. Leaves feflile, ferrated, op- pofite, with a row of prickles on the 'back middle rib. Ariftae of the fruit curved downward. July. Biennial. In hedges. 2. Pilofus. Small Wild Teafel, ox Shepherd's Staff * Head roundiih, about the fize of a nut- meg. Leaves on foot-ftalks, with two fmatl wings at the bafe. In moift ground, hedges, &c. Auguft. Biennial. SCABIOSA. Common calyx, of many leaves, furrounding the receptacle in various feries, containing feveral flowers, and fpreading. Proper calyx double, above the germen. Corolla monopeta- lous, tubular, of four or five flight feg- ments. Receptacle chaffy, roundiih. Seed fingle, crowned. i. Succifa. Devil' s-bit. Corollulae quadri fid, re- gular. Stem round, folid, Angle. Branches near each other. Leaves oval, pointed, oppofite. Flowers blue. June — Au- guit. Perennial. In meadows, &c. a. Arvenfis. Field Scabious. Corollulae quadri- fid, radiant. Stems two or three, about three feet high, hairy, round, hollow. Leaves hoary, oblong, divided on the edges. Flowers numerous, blue. Au- guH. Perennial. In corn-fields, &c. 3. Columbaria. Lefs Field Scabious. Corollulae quinquifid, radiant. Radical leaves oval, notched -} ftem-leaves pinnated and very* TETRANDRIA. MONOGYKIA. 33 very narrow. June, July. Perennial. In high paltures. ** Corolla regular, of pne petal, above the germeti. SHERARDIA. Calyx fmall, of one leaf, quadridentate, permanent. Corolla fun- nel-fhaped, with four legmen ts, acute, plane ; tube long, cylindrical. Seeds two, tridentate. 1. Arvenfis. Little Field Madder. Stems feveral, fquare, procumbent, hairy, branched, reddiih. Leaves in whirls, at the joints of the Hem. Flowers terminal, blue. May, June. Annual. In corn-fields. ASPERULA. Calyx fmall, quadriden- tate. Corolla funnel-fhaped ; tube cylindrical, long ; fegments four, ob- tufe, reflexed. Fruit two dry berries. Seed fingle. i. Odorata. Woodroof. Stems feveral, fquare, weak, near a foot long. Leaves eight in number, in whirls, launce-fhaped. Flowers white, in clufters, on foot- ftalks, odoriferous. May. Perennial. In woods, &c. 2. Cynanchica. Squinancy Wort. Stems feveral, fmall, weak, fquare, branched. Leaves fmooth, narrow, four at each joint. Flowers terminal, in clufters like um- bels, reddiih, fmell fweet. July. Pe- rennial. On chalky hills. GALIUM. Calyx fmall, of one leaf, with four teeth. Corolla regular, mo- Vol. If, D nopetalous, '34- t £ T fc A N t) R I A. MONOGYKI^ nopetalous, plane, without tube, with1 four fegmcnts, acute. Fruit two dry berries, each containing a fingle feed. 1. Paluftre. White Ladys Bedjlraw. Stem dif- fufe, fquare, flender, weak, about eigh- teen inches long. Leaves in fours, un- equal, fomewhat oval, pointed. Flowers- numerous, in clufters, terminal, fmall, white. Fruit fmooth. July. Peren- nial. Banks of rivers, Szc. 2. Uliginofum. Marjh Goofe-grafs, or Cleavers. Stem fquare, weak, rough, about eight inches long. Leaves, generally fix at each joint, launce-fhaped, rough, rigid. Flowers white, terminal, in clufters ; corollae larger than the fruit. Fruit fmooth. July, Auguft. Perennial. On commons, moift paftures, Sec. Hamp- ftead-Heath. 3. Spurium. Smooth-feeded Gocfe-grafs. Stems fquare, numerous, about a foot long ; joints fingle. Leaves launce-fhaped, fix round each joint, carinated, rough. Flowers white, terminal. June. An- nual. In corn-fields, rare. 4. Pufillum. Leajl Ladfs Bedjlraw. Stems nu- merous, fquare, five or fix inches long. Leaves generally eight at each joint, fomewhat imbricated, linear, acute, rough. Branches not very numerous, alternate. Flowers white, on foot- ftalks twice divided. Seed fmooth. Au- guft. On the mountains in Weftmore- tand. 5. Vemm. TETRANDRIAi MONOGYNIAi 35 £. Verum. Tcl'toiu Lady's Bedjlraw, or Cheefe- raining. Stem firm, erect, brown, fquare. Leaves generally eight in each whirl, linear, pointed, brittle j and often reflex. Branches fliort, gene- rally two from each joint, terminating in fpikes of fmall yellow flowers. July, Auguft. Common, in dry ground. 6. Mollugo. Wild Madder, or great Bajlard- Madder. Stem fquare, branched, three or four feet long, very weak. Leaves, eight at each joint, fmooth, foft, blunt- pointed. Flowers fmall, white, nu- merous, in feveral fpikes on the tops of fpreading branches. June, July. Pe- rennial. Hedges, heaths, &c. common. 7. Boreale. Crofswort Madder. Stem erect, fquare, reddifh, about a foot long. Leaves, four at each joint, fmooth, lauiice-fhaped, trinerved. Flowers fmall, white, in fpikes on the tops of the branches. Seed rough. June — Auguft. Perennial. On hills in the north. 8. Aperine. Cleavers or Goofe-grafs. Stem fquare, very rough, jointed, very weak, two, three, or four feet long, adhefive. Branches oppofite. Joints hairy at the bafe. Leaves, eight or ten at each joint, narrow, pointed, above rough, beneath fmooth, carinated. Seeds rough. Flowers white, fmall, few, on flender foot-iialks on the tops of the branches. May — Auguft. Annual. In fields, &c. frequent. D 2 9. Parifienfe. 36 TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 9. Parifienfe. Leaji Gvofe-grafs. Stem about £ foot long, weak-, fquare, rough. Leaves feven at each joint, narrow, pointed, rough efpecially on the edges. Branches oppofite, fhort, bearing fmall white flowers, two or three on each foot-ftalk. Seeds rough. July. Perennial. On walls and in moift barren ground. RUBIA. Calyx minute, of one leaf, with four teeth, above the germen. Co- rolla of one petal, campanulate, with four fegments, plane, acute. Fruit two round fucculent fmooth berries, with each a Angle feed. I. Peregrina. JVtld Madder, Stem, about a foot long, fquare. Leaves four at each joint, elliptical, fmooth, and bright above, rough beneath. Flowers on the tops of the branches, yellow, fmall. July, Au- guft. Perennial. In the welt of England frequent. SANGUISORBA. Calyx of two very fhort leaves, foon falling off. Corolla quadrifid, fpreading, germen between the calyx and corolla. Capfule unilo- cular, opening tranfverfely. Seeds ma- ny, fmall. I. Officinalis. Burnet. Stem three feet high, round, ftriated, fmooth, hollow. Leaves pinnated, fmooth, gloffy, alternate. Spike fhcrt, oval, brown. June, July. Perennial. In meadows and paltures frequent. *** Corolla TETRANDRIA. MONOGVNIA. 37 *** Corolla of one petal, regular, below the germen. PLANTAGO. Calyx quadrifid, ere£r, very fhort, permanent. Corolla mono- petalous, quadrifid, reflex. Stamina yqry long. Capfule bilocular, opening tranfvcriely. Seeds many. FJorefcence a fpike, terminal. 1. Major. Great plantain, or Waybread. Stalk naked, eight or ten inches long, tough, cylindrical. Spike long, cylindrical, imbricated. Leaves o\a!, fmooth, with feven longitudinal ribs. June, July. Annual. Common. 2. Media. Hoary Plantain. Stalk naked, cylin- drical. Spike cylindrical. Leaves ovato- lanceolated, downy. July, Auguft. Pe- rennial. Common. 3. Lanceolata. Ribwort, or Ribwort-plantain. Stalk angular, naked. Spike fomewhat oval, naked. Leaves launce-fhaped, with five ribs. June — Auguft. Peren- nial. In meadows, &c. frequent. 4. Maritima. Narrovj -leaved Plantain. Stalk na- ked, cylindrical, eight or ten inches high. Leaves narrow, femi-cylindrical, intire, woollv at the bafe. June, July. Perennial. On the fea-coaft. 5. Coronopus. Buck's- born Plantain. Stalk na- ked, round, five or fix inches long, with a (lender fpike. Leaves narrow, pinnated, dentated, lying on the ground in the form of a flar. July, Auguft. Annual. On barren ground. ,-6. Loeflingi. Sea Plantain. Stalk naked. Spike oval, hairy. Leaves linear, a little in- D 3 dented. 2§ TITRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. dented. Floral leaves navicular, mem- branous. 7. Uniflora. Grafs-leaved Plantain* Stalk naked, {lender, fhort, bearing a fingle flower, with very long ftamina. Leaves nar- row, taper. July. Perennial. On bogs, &cc. Hounflow-heath. CENTUNCULUS. Calyx quadrifid, fpreading, permanent ; fegments fharp- pointed, longer than the corolla. Co- rolla monopetalous, regular, quadrifid, fpreading, below the germen ; tube in- flated. Capfule globofe, unilocular, opening tranfverfely. Seeds many, fmall, I, Minimus. Bajlard Pimpernel. Stems, three or four, four or five inches long, pro- cumbent. Leaves roundifh, alternate. Flowers in the alas of the leaves, white, minute. On moift fandy ground, near the paper-mill on Hounflow-heath, &c, June. Annual. **** Corolla of four petals, regular, ahove the germen. CORNUS. Calyx double : involucrum of four leaves, coloured, deciduous : perianthium minute, of one leaf, with four teeth, above the germen. Coroll.-} acute, plane, lefs than the involu- crum. Stamina longer than the corolla. Fruit, drupa, containing an oblong um- bilicated nut, in which are two cells with a kernel in each, I $ panguinea. female Cornel, Dog-berry, Gatter- tree, or Prkkwood. A fhrub about five feet T E T R A N D R 1 A. MONOGYNIA, 3$ feet high. Trunk firm, red-brown. Branches fkaight. Leaves conjugate, oval, pointed, with the edges intire. Flowers ftnall, while, in naked clutters. Fruit oblong, fize of a pea, black, very- bitter. June. In hedges frequent. 2. Succica, Dwarf Honey -fuckle. An herb. Stem erect, fix inches high ; two branches on the top, with 3 white flower between, fucceeded by a red fruit, like a mulberry. Leaves feifile, oppofite, fmooth, intire, oval, pointed, with five longitudinal xibs. June. Perennial. On our northern hills. EUONYMUS. CaJyx with four feg- ments, fpreading. Corolla regular, of four petals. Capfule quadrangular, quadrilocular, quadrivalve, coloured. Seed covered by an exterior coat. I. Europeus. Spindle Tree. A fhrub fix or eight feet high. Branches, by ridges in the bark, appear fquare. Leaves conjugate, elliptical, pointed, obtufely ferrated. Flowers grcen^fh white, in bunches on conjugate pedicles. Fruit angular, pur- pliiK. May, June. In woods and hedges. ***** Corolla c. ALCHEMILLA. Calyx, of one leaf, tubular, permanent, with ejghtfegments, alternately equal, plane. Stamina fmall, in the rim of the calyx. Seed one, el- liptical, comprefied. I. Vulgaris. Ladies Mantle. Stems drooping, round, thick, a foot or more in Length. D 4 Leaves j|Q TETRANDRIA. MONOCYNIA. Leaves round ifh with eight or ten points* folded like a fan, pale, green, hairy, on. long foot-ftalks. Flowers, in tufts, yellowifh green. June — Auguft. In meadows, &c. frequent. 2. Alpina. Cinquefoil Ladles Mantle. Stems about five inches long, drooping. Leaves, on long foot-ftalks, five-fingered, fer- rated, pale green above, filver white beneath. Flowers greenifh. July. Pe- rennial. On the northern hills. GENTIANA. Calyx and corolla with four fegments. Stigmata two, oval, with- out ftyles. Capfule oblong, unilocular, bivalve. Seeds numerous, fmall. Re- ceptacles two, longitudinal, j. Campeftris. Vernal Dwarf Gentian. Stem ere lmall, ye nial. In rivers and ponds. 3. Lucens. Long-leaved Pond-weed. Leaves launce-fhaped, pellucid, glofly, ending in a petiolus, June. Perennial. In, rivers and ponds. 4. Crifpum. Great Water Caltrops. Leaves al- ternate, launce-fhaped, waved, ferrat- ed. Stalk very long, jointed, branched, flat. Flowers white or reddifh, in bunches, on foot-ftalks. May, June. Perennial. In rivers, ponds, ditches, frequent. 5. Serratum. Lefs JVater Caltrops. Leaves launce- fhaped, oppofite, waved a little, ferrated, glofly. Stem round. Flowers green- yellow, on foot-italks. June. Peren- nial. In flow rivers. 6. Compreflum. Small branched Pond-weed. Leaves long, narrow, ribbed, obtufe. Stalk long, comprefled, branched. Flowers fmall, greeniih, on fhort fpikes. In rivers. June, July. Perennial. j. Gramineum. Grafs-leaved Pond-weed. Leave* launce-fhaped, alternate, feflile. Stalk crowded with branches and leaves. Annual. In ditches. $, Pectinatum. Fennel-leaved Pond-weed. Leaves very narrow, convex on both fides, pa- rallel, and near each other, two inches long. Branches numerous, long, naT ked. bearing remote bunches of flowers. June, 44 TETRANDRIA. TETRAGYNIA. June. Perennial. In rivers. Serpen* tine-river, Hyde-Park. $. Marinum. Sea Pend-zveed. Leaves linear, al- ternate, diftinft, the bafe fheathing the ftem. Auguft. Annual. In ditches on the coaft. 10. Pufillum. Small Grafs-leaved Pond-zveedr Leaves linear, oppofite, alternate, dif- tin ft, fpreading at the bale. Staljc round. June — Auguft. Perennial. In ponds and ditches. RUPPIA. Calyx o. Corolla o. Seeds four or five on flender foot-italics. An- therae feifile. Styles o. i. Maritima. Sea-grafs. Leaves long, narrow* pointed, alternate. Stalk fingle, about eight inches high. Auguft. Annual. In falt-water ditches. SAGINA. Calyx of four leaves, oval, concave fpreading, permanent. Corolla of four petals, regular, obtufe, fhorter than the calyx. Capfule quadrilocular, quadrivalve. Seeds many. jf. Procumbens. P 'earl-wort , Cbickweed, Break- /lonsy or Mcfs-like Pink. Stem and branches fmall, fpreading on the ground like mofs. Leaves imall, narrow. Flowers fmall, green-white. June. An- nual. On walls, and barren fandy ground, frequent. 2. Erefta. Leajl Stichwort. Stem ereft, bearing a fingle white flower on the top. Leaves oppofite? TITRANDRIA. TETRAGYNIA. 45 oppofite, glofTy, fertile, oval, pointed. Ap.il, May. Annual. la paftures fre- quent. LINUM. Calyx of five leaves, fmall, ere&. Petals five, regular, below the germen. Capfule five-locular, ten- valve. Seeds fingle. I. Radiola. Leajl Rupture-wort^ or All-feed- Stalks numerous, forked, two or three inches long, fpreading in a tuft on the ground. Leaves oppofite, felfile. Flowers minute, white. Auguft. Annual. In wafie ground. CLASS 46 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA* CLASS V. PENTANDRIA. Stamina 5. I. MONOGYNIA. Piftillum t. * Flowers regular, of one petal, below the germen, with four naked feeds, and rough leaves. MYOSOTIS. Corolla tubular, the rim expanded, with five fegments, notched ; tube clofed by five fmall valves. Sta- mina^ in the neck of the tube, very fhort. I. Scorpioides. Moufe-ear Scorpion-grafs. Stem round, hairy, terminated by a long loofe curledj fpike of blue flowers. Leaves hairy, foft, oblong, obtufe, alternate, feflile. April— Auguft. Perennial. Common in moift and dry fituations. LITHOSPERMUM. Corolla funnel-' fhaped, about the length of the calyx, with five flight fegments, obtufe, erect ; tube cylindrical and open at the top* Stamina very fhort. Seeds naked. I. Officinalis. Common Gromwell. Stem about two feet high, hard, rough, branched. Leaves F'E NT T A N D R I A. MON'OGYNIA, 47 Leaves launce-fhaped, alternate, feflile, rough. Flowers fmall, white, ranged along the branches among the leaves. Seeds fmooth. May, June. Perennial. In barren ground. 2. Arvenfc. Baftard Alkc.net. Stem about one foot high, thick, rough, branched at the top. Leaves launce-fhaped, alter- nate. Flowers white, onfhort foot-ftalks among the leaves. Root reddifh. Seeds rough. May, June. Annual. In corn- fields frequent. 3. Purpurco-cceruleum. Creeping Gromweil. Stems rough, creeping. Leaves launce-fhaped, alternate. Corolla much longer than the calyx, purple. Seeds fmooth. The flower-bearing Items are erecl:, and the flowers terminal. June. Perennial, On hills. ANCHUSA. Corolla funnel-fhaped, with live flight fegments ; tube, the length of the calyx, clofed by five valves. Stamina very fnort. Seeds oblong, notched at the bale. I. Sempervirens. Ever- green Alkanet, or Buglofi. Stem round, thick, hairy, branched, tv/o or three feet high. Leaves oval, point- ed, rough. Flowers numerous, blue, in round bunches, on foot-fcalks with two leaves. May, June. Perennial. Among rubbifh, ice. CYNOGLOSSUM. Corolla . funnel- fhaped, length of the calyx > tube fnort, and 48 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. and clofed by f.ve valves ; rim with five flight fegments. Stamina very fhort. Style permanent. Seeds four, fixed to the ftyle. I. Officinale. Hound's Tongue. Stem ereft, branched, thick, about two feet high. Leaves feflile, tongue-fhaped, pointed, downy, ribbed. Flowers purplifh, on fhort foot-ftalks in naked fpikes. June. Annual. Among rubbifh, road-fides, &c. PULMONARIA. Calyx tubular, pen- tangular. Corolla funnel-fhaped ; rim quinquihd ; fegments obtufe, fomewhat erect. ; tube pervious, and fomewhat globular at the end* 1, Officinalis. Broad-leaved Lungwort t or Buglofs Cowjlip. Calyx the length of the tube of the corolla. Stem angular, hairy, about a foot high. Radical leaves, on foot-ftalks, broad, oval, hairy ; the reft long, feflile. Flowers white and pur- ple or blue, in round clufters. May. Perennial. Hampshire, in woods. 2, Maritima. Sea Buglofs. Calyx half the length of the tube of the corolla. Stem branched, procumbent, about two feet , long. Leaves oval, on foot-ftalks. Flowers, in the alas of the leaves, pur- ple. July. Perennial. In the land on the coaft. SYMPHYTUM. Calyx pentangular. Corolla rummer-fhaped but long, with five MS'tAKDRIA, M O N 0 G Y N I A. 4^ -five fegments in the rim, reflexed ; tube very ihort, with five connivent rays in the opening, alternate with the fta- mina. I. Officinale. Comfreyi Stem rough, round, green, branched^ about two feet high* Radical leaves very large and rough ; thole on the ftalk decUrrent, alternate. Flowers in loofe fpikes, yellowifh white, or purple. On the banks of rivers. Perennial. July. BORAGO. Corolla the length of the calyx, with five fegments horizontally expanded ; tube ihort, the opening crowned by five obtufe, notched radii. Seeds roundifh, wrinkled. I, Officinalis. Borage. Stem thick, hairy, round, branched. Leaves oval, broad, alter- nate. Calvces fpreading. Flowers nu- merous, blue^ lingle, on longiih weak ioot-lra!ks, in loofe naked fpikes on the tops of the branches. June — Auguft. Perennial. Among rubbiih, high- roads, &c. ASPERUGO. Calyx, whilfr. immature, tubular and quinquedentate ; when iipe, comprefied, large, bivalve. Co- rolla funnel-fhaped, fmall j tube clofed. by five prominent valves. Prccumi.ens. Gtrmtn Mad-wort , or fmall IV'dd Borage. Stem angular, procum- bent,- branched, rough. Leaves on foot-llalks, obtufe, -oval. - Flowers . Vol. If. F fingle, 50 PENTANDRIA. MONOCYNIA. fingle, purple. April, May. Annual. In voads, &c. LYCOPSIS. Corolla funnel-fhaped ; the tubu curved, and covered by five valves. Calyx becomes large and inflated. i. Arvenfis. S/nall Wild Buglofs. Stem very rough and harfh, branched. Leaves alternate, oval, harfh, waved, and irregularly cut on the edges. Flowers Tingle, blue, -Calyx hairy, divided to the bafe. June — September. Corn-fields, roads, &c. ■ ECHIUM. Segments of the calyx long and pointed. Corolla campanulate, with a very fhort tube ; the two upper fegments longcft, theleaft fegment acute and reflex ; tube open, and wide at the top. Seeds obliquely pointed. j» Italicum. Wall Viper's BugUfs. Stem ered\ firm, about two feet high, branched, hairy. Leaves launce-fhaped, feffile, nu- Tnerous. Flowers in rough fpikes ; co- rollse not quite regular, blue, and fcarce exceeding the calyx ; ftamina very long. July. Perennial. On land y foil. g. Vulgafe. Piper's Buglofs. Stem ere<5r, fingle, about eighteen inches high, fpotted with red, hairy, branched. Leaves numerous, alternate, launce-fhaped, covered with bulbofe hairs. Flowers fuft red, then blue, feffile, on unilate- ral curved fpikes, July. PerennU, Cerix-fields, fee, ** Corolla PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 51 ** Corolla re«ulart of one petal below the germen. Seeds in a capfule. PRIMULA. Involucrum minute, of many leaves. Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, erecl, with five fharp teeth, pentangular. Tube of the corolla cy- lindrical, pervious ; fegmcnts five, ob- tufe, notched. Capfule cylindrica], unilocular, opening with ten teeth at the top. Seeds many.*- I. Vulgaris. Primroje. Stalk naked, fupport- ing a fingle pale-yellow flower. Leaves wrinkled, indented. April, May. Pe- rennial. S. Veris. Cowjlips. Stalk naked, fupporting feveral yellow fwcet-fmelling flowers. Leaves wrinkled, indented. April. May. Perennial. In meadows. Great Cowfips. Larger, paler, and without fmell. 3. Farinofa. Bird's Eye. Leaves fmooth, notch- ed. Flowers like cowflips, but gene- rally more numerous, and red. May. Perennial. In the northern counties. MENYANTHES. Corolla funnel* fhaped, hairy, with five deep incifions j ieginents a little reflex ; tube ihort, and wideft at the top. Stigma bifid. Canfule unilocular. £, Nymphoides. Fringed Jfater Lilly. Stem creeping, and ftr iking root in the mud. Leaves large, heart-fhaped, lingle. flowers large, yellow, on long foot- Y. 1 ftalks, 52 P E N T' A N D 9. 1 \. M 6 N 0" C Y N I A. ftalks, and fringed. June, July. In rivers, &c. Perennial. 2. Tri folia. Buck-bean, or Marfl) Trefoil* Stem erect, about a foot high. Radical leaves oval, three on each foot-ftalk. Flowers terminal, white, in cluiters. June, July. Grows in fens. HGTTONIA. Calyx with five deep incifions, the fegments narrow, and a little erect. Corolla cup- fafhioned„tha tube inflated, fegments five, obliquely cut and notched in the rim. Stamina fhort, on the top of the tube, and op- pofite the fegments. Capfule globofe, pointed, unilocular, on the calyx. Seeds" many. i, Paluftris. Water Violet. Stalk long, creep- ing;, and then erect. Leaves expanded on the water, pinnated, the pinnae long, linear. Flowers white, on long foot- ftalks, difpofedin whirls, gradually lefs. July, Augult. Perennial. In ditches, &c. frequent. LYSIMACHIA. Calyx deeply cut, feg- ments erect, acute. Corolla without tube, expanded ; the fegments long, oval. Capiule unilocular, with ten . . valves. Seeds many, angular. X. Vulgaris. Yellow IVillovo-herb, or Lofejlrife. Stem four or five feet high, branched, ftriated, hairy. Leaves pale, broad, launce-fhaped, three or four at each joint. Flowers yellow, feveral on each foot- Pf^TANDRI^. MONOGYNIA $$ foot-ftallc, in bunches, terminating the item and branches. June, July. Pe- rennial! On the banks of rivers, &c. 2. Thyrfiflora. Tufted IViilow- Herb, Stem ereft, not branched, ftriatcd, about a foot or more high. Leaves two at each joint, pale, and narrower than the laft. Flowers yellow;. on long foot-itelks, lateral, from the root of the leaves, in roundiih com- pact clusters, or tufts. June. Perennial. On the banks of rivers, &c. but rare. 3. Ncmorum. Yellow Pimpernel of the Woods, Fiowers fingle, yellow, on lateral foot- ftalks, from the alas of the leaves. Stem procumbent, round, red. Leaves oval, pointed, on fhort foot-fhilks. May, June. Perennial. In moift woods, Sec. 4. Nummularia. Money-wort. Flowers from the alae of |he -leaves, fingkj yellow ; inci- fions of the petal very deep. Stem creeping, quadrangular. Leaves, con- jugate, in fhort pedicles, roundim. June. Perennial. In indift mea- dows, &c. 5. Tenella. Purple Money-wort. Flowers fingle, red. Differs from the laft chiefly in the foot-ftalks being longer than the leaves, which they fupport. July, Auguft: Perennial. On bogs, &c. ANAGALLIS. Corolla regular, ex- panded, without tube. Capfule globofe, unilocular, opening tranfverfely. Seeds feveral, angular. Receptacle glebofe, larire. E 3 1. Arvenfts." c 54 PENfANDRlA. monogynia. Ir Arvenfis. Male or Female Pimpernel. Stem procumbent, angular. Leaves feffile, Oval, pointed, in pairs. Flowers red, or blue, angle, on conjugate foot-Malic?, from the alae of the leaves. May — Auguft. Annual. In corn-fields. The female at blue pimpernel is a larger plant, and, I think, a diftintSt fpecies. CONVOLVULUS. Calyx fmall, irre- gular. Corolla bell-fhaped, plaited, large, expanded, with five or ten notches in the rim. Stigmata two. Capfule bilocular, with two feeds in each. 1. Arvenfis. Small, or Gravel B'md-weed. Stems numerous, weak, twifting, generally fpreading on the ground. Leaves ar- row-fhaped, with three acute angles. Flowers reddifh white, on foot-ftalks, fingle. June, July. Perennial. Fields, high-roads, &c. common. 2. Sepium. Great Bind-weed. Stems twifting, eight or ten feet long. Leaves heart- fhaped, the two pofterior angles being truncated. Flowers white, Angle, on long triangular foot-ftalks. July, Au- guft. In hedges. 3. Soldanelle, Sea Biid-tveed. Stem proftrate. Leaves reniform. Flowers fir.gle, red. July Perennial. On the coaft. POLEMONIUM. Calyx with deep in- cisions. Corolla bell-fhaped, but ihal- Jow, with five {hort, broad Tegmenta ; the tube clofed by five valves-. Stamina inferted P^NTANDRIA, MONOCYNIA. 55 inferted in the valves ; ftntherx incum- bent. Stigma trihd. Capfule ovato- conic, trivalve, trilccular. Seeds many. I. Coeruleum. Greek Valerian* or Jacob's Ladder. Stem firm, eredt., about two feet ,high, branched. Leaves pinnated ; pinnae eleven pair or more, with an odd one at the end. Flowers blue, in denle fpikes, terminal. DATURA. Calyx tubular, pentangu- lar, deciduous. Corolla funnel-fhaped, almoft intire, five-folded, pentangular. Capfule fpinous, bilocular, quadrivalve. Seeds numerous. I. Stramonium. Thorn-apple. Stem forked, fpreading wide. Leaves, on long foot- ftalks, fmooth, oval, large, indented. Flowers fingle, large, white, in the divifions of the branches. Fruit creel:. July. Annual. Among rubbifh, &c. abont London, frequent. ATROPA. Corolla campanulate, in- flated ; the opening at the top narrow, fpreading. Stamina curved, diverging. Berry globofe, bilocular. Seeds many. I, Belladonna. Deadly Ni«ht-j})adey or Divale. Stem erect, forked, branched, three or four feet high. Leaves oval, intire, large, hairy, foft, pointed. Flowers dead purple, numerous, on pedicles from the ala; of the leaves, fingle. Fruit, when ripe, a large black gloflv berry. In woods, hedges, &c. June, July. Perennial. E + SOLA- I|6 PENT AN.DR.I A. M O N O.G V N I A. SOLANUM. Corolla wheel -fh aped ; tube very fhort; limb large, plaited, femiquinquifid. Stamina minute ; an- thers contingent, burfting at two pores in the apex. Berry bilocular. 1. Dulcamara. Woody Night-Jhade. Stem woody, ilender, weak, climbing, iix feet or more in length, not prickly. Upper leaves, on long foot-ftalks, ihaped like ahalbert. Flowers, in loofe bunches, purple, with two green ifli fpots at the pafe of each fegment of the corolla; ftamina yellow, forming a cone. Berry red. June, July. Perennial. In hedges, frequent, 2, Nigrum, Common Nigbt-Jhade. Stem her- baceous, branched, about a foot high. Leaves fingle, on long foot-ftalks, al- ternate, dentato-angulated. Flowers white, on branched pedicles, drooping. Berries black. June, July. Annual. Among rubbifh, &c. VINCA. Corolla cup-famioned, twirled ; tube cylindrical below ; limb horizon- tal, with five fegments, obliquely trun- cated. Stamina very fhort, and bent. Style on a double germen. Stig- mata two, one above the other. Pericar- pium, two follicuh, ere£t, cylindrical, un ivalve. j, Minor Periwincile. Stem woody, creeping, ilender, crooked. Leaves long, oval, intire, pointed, oppofite, gloffy. Flow- ers fingle, on long curved pedicles from {he alse of the leaves, lajge, blue, May. PENTAKDRIA. MONOCYNIA, $j May. Perennial. In woods, hedges, &q. near Hampftead. 2. Major. Great Periivinckle. Stem wood)', creel, Leaves broader and Iharper pointed. Pedicles of the flowers ftraight, and calyx as long as the tube : other- wife like the former. May. Peren- nial . In woods and hedges frequent, *** Corolla regular, of one petal, above the germen, CAMPANULA. Corolla bell-fhaped, clofed at the bottom by rive valves, bearing the ftamina. Stigma trihd. Capfule below the flower, and opening by lateral pores. Seeds .numerous final 1. I, LTninora. Mountain Bell-flower. F.lower fin- gie. Calyx as long as the corolla. Stem fzngle, ere£f. July, Augufr. Peren- nial. In Wales, Weftmoreland. 1, Rotundifolia. Round-leaved Bell-flower. Stem flender, fcarce a foot high. Radical leaves roundiih, on long pedicles ; thofe on the ftem long and narrow. Flowers large, terminal, on long foot-italics, blue. Auguft. Perennial. On waile ground and barren paftures. 3. Patula. Field Bell-flower. Stem branched, Leaves (tiff, launce-ihaped. Panicle diffufe. A livid denticle on each fide of the fegments of the calyx. July, Auguft. In woods and hedges. Pe- rennial. 4. Rapun- 58 PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 4. Rapunculus. Rampions. Stem two or three feet high, angular, hairy, with many branches. Radical leaves tongue-fhap- ed, obtufe, hairy ; thereft narrow, point- ed, ferrated. Flowers terminal, on fhort foot-ftalks, blue. Auguft. Perennial. In fields, &c. but rare. Near Croydon, in Surry. 5. Latifolia. Giant Tliroat-wort. Stem fingle, round. Leaves broad; rough, launce- fhaped. Flowers fingle, on foot-ftalks. 1 Fruit drooping. July, Auguft. Pe- rennial. In hedges, &c. In the moun- - tainous parts ef the north. 6. Trachelium. Great Throat-wort> or Canter- bury-bells. Stempurplifh, fquare, hairy ? about two feet high, bending. Leaves, likethofe of the common nettle, rough, on foot-ftalks. Flowers blue, gene- rally three on each branch of a trifid pedicle, from the alae of the leaves. Calyx fringed. July, Auguft. Peren- nial. Woods and hedges. 7. Glomerata. Little Throat-wort, Stem erect, angular, fimple or but little branched, and fomewh^t rough. Leaves rough ; thofe at the bottom on foot-ftalks. Flowers feflile, conglomerate, blue, red- difh, or white, refting upon fhort, broad leaves. July. PerenniaL On hills, efpecially chalk. S. Hybrida. Lefs Venus Looking-gI'.ifs> or Pcdaed Corn-violet. Stem erect, divided near the root, angular. Leaves fcflile, oblong, waved, crenated. Flowers purple, ex- panded, from the alrc of the leaves, on pedi* *ENTANDRIA. MONOCYNIA. 59 pedicles ; calyx aggregate, and longer than the corolla. Capfule a pod, prif- matic. Corolla almoft pentapetalous. June, July. Annual. In corn-fields, but rare. 9. Hederacea. Ivy-leaved Bell-flower. Stem four or five inches long, tender, procum- bent, reddifh. Leaves heart-fhaped, with five lobes, fmooth, ©n long foot- ftalks. Flowers blue, on long flender pedicles. May — Augufr. Perennial. In moift fhady places. PHYTEUMA. Corolla ftellated, ex- panded, monopetalous, with five long, narrow, acute, recurved fegments. Style the length of the corolla, curv- ed. Stigma trifid. Capfule roundijfh, trilocular. Seeds many, fmall. I. Orbicularis. Horned Ratnplotis. Stem erec*r, fimple, about a loot high, terminated by a round fpike of purple flowers. Radical leaves heart-fhaped, on long foot-ftalks, the relt long, fertile, ferrated. July. Perennial. On downs. * Corolla irregular, of one petal. LONICERA. Calyx fmall. Corolla above the germen, tubular, cpiinquifid $ fegments revolute } tube gibbous. Fruit a berry with federal feeds, bilocu- lar. I* Pericementum. Honey fuckle, or Woodbine \ A fhrub ; branches long, climbing. Leaves diitindt, oval, fmooth, obtufe. Flowers fertile, .60 PMTANDRIA. MO-KOCY-yiA. /cflile, on oval imbricated heads, termi- nal. May — July. In hedges. 1, Xylofteum. Vprigljt Alpine. -Honeyfuckle. A low ftrrub, ere£r, bufhy at the top. Leaves oval, pointed, hairy, intire. Flowers white, two on each pedicle. Fruit two oblong red berries, which as they ripen run into one oval, ftriated berry. July. In the fi flu res of rocks. Under the Roman wall, on the weft fide of s>hewing-Sheels, Northumb. Wallhy p. 149. YERB ASCUM. Corolla below the gcr- men, with a very fhort tube, and five . j obtufe expanded feguients. Stamina inclining, and downy at the bafe. Cap- iule roundifh, bilocular, bivalve. 1> Thapfus. Great Wliite Mullein.. Stem fyfgle and fimple, erect, covered with leaves, aboutfixfeet high. Leaves large, broad, white, woolly on both fides, lcflile, ..c- current. Flowers terminal, in a long fpike, feflile, yellow. July. Biennial. In barren ground. 2, Lychnitis. . Hoary Mullein. Stem two or three feet high, branched. Leaves ob- long, pointed, wrinkled, meally be- neath, and notched round the edges. Flowers yellow, or white, on terminal and lateral fpikes. July. Biennial. Barren ground, 3, Nigrum. Black Mullein. Stem purplifh, an- gular, about five feet high. Leaves oblong, ferrated, dark green, &c. wrinkled Y E N T A N D R I A. MONOCYKI A. 6tf | • i wrinkled' on the upper fide, on fbot- ftalks. Flowers yellow, with purpliih anthers ; fpike loofe, terminal. July. Perennial. High roads, &c. 4. Blattarh. Telhw Moth Mullein. Stem- £m£ pie. Leaves oblong, ferrato-dentated, fmcoth, glofly, embracing the ftem. Flowers, in thin fpikes, on feparate pe- dicles, yellow, large. June. Annual. On gravelly foils. HYGSCYAMUS. Calyx tubular, Bel- lying at the bottom, quinquif.d, per- manent. Corolla below the germen, femiquinquihd, fegments obtuie, one broader than the relt. Stamina inclin- ing. Capfule bilocular, with a line on each fide, and a cover on the top. Seeds numerous. I. Niger. Henbane. Stem firm, about two feet high, branched. Leaves very lar2;e, in- dented, furrounding the Item. Flowers- iellile, large, brown and purple. June. Annual. High-roads, &c. * Pentapetahus, regular, above the germen. RIBES. Calyx of one leaf. Corolla minute, erect, on the edge of the calyx. Stamina ini'erted in the calyx. Style bifid. Berry with many feeds. 1. Rubrum. Currants. A fhrub about four feet hitjh. Leaves ferrated. Flowers green-white, in pendulous bunches. May. In woods, &c. in the north j alio in gardens. 2. Alpinum. 62 f ENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 2. Alpinum. Mountain Currants. A fmall fhrub. Flowers in eredf, bunches, with floral leaves longer than the flowers. May. In hedges in Yorklhire, &c. 3. Nigrum. Black Currants. Flowers oblong; bunches hairy. Leaves have a ftrong fmell. Mav. In moift woods and banks of rivers ; alfo in gardens. HEDERA. Style fimplc. Berry with Ave feeds, encompafled by the calyx. I. Helix. Ivy. A {lender drmbing fhrub. Leave* lobed, glofly. Flowers in bunches. October. * Corolla 0. ILLECEBRUM. Calyx, of five leaves, cartilaginous, coloured, below the ger- men. Stigma fimple. Capfule quin- quevalve. Seed one. X, Verticil latum. VtrticillaU Knot-grdfa or creep- ing Milkwort. Stalks feveral, jointed, Spreading on the ground. Leaves fhort, oval, in pairs. Flowers, fmall, white, in whirls. July. Perennial. In wet paftures, &c. in Cornwall, &c. GLAUX. Calyx of one leaf. Capfule unilocular, quinqucvalve. Seeds five. I. Maritima. Sea Milkwort, or Black Saltwort^ Stalks numerous, procumbent, joint-, ed. Leaves fcflile, in pairs. Flowers purple, in the alse of the leaves. July*. Perennial. On the fea-more. THESIUM. PKNTANDRI.A, DIOYNIA, 6$ THESIUM. Calyx of one leaf, above the germen. Stamina inferted in the calyx. Seed one, in the bottom of the calyx. j. Linophyllon. BaJlardToad-fiax. Stalks flen- der, ftriated, branched. Leaves long, narrow. Flowers white, fmall, on pe- dicles from the aloe of the upper leaves. June, July. Perennial. On chalk hills. RHAMNUS. Calyx tubular, quinqui- fld, coloured on the infide, with a mi» nute fcale at the bafe of each fegment. Berry. S» Frangula. Black-berry bearing Alder. A tall fhrub, without fpines. Inner bark yellow. Leaves roundifh, pointed, in- tire. Flowers hermaphrodite. April, May. In woods and hedges. II. DIGYNIA. Piftilla 2. POLYGONUM. Calyx o. Corolla ^-partite, refembling a calyx. Sta- mina and piftilla very fhort. Seed one,, angular. X» Amphibium. Perennial Avfnari. Stem flen- der, branched. Leaves long, narrow, with parallel nerves, flightly ferrated. Flowers reddifli, in denie fpikes ; fta- fnina longer than the corolla. June, July. In fens and ditches frequent. HER- tSf PUNT'ANDRIA. D I G Y N I A» * Corolla O. HERNTARIA. Calyx with five fegments* fpreading, coloured on the infide. Be- iide the five proper minute ftamina, there are five fterile filaments. Style very fhort. Stigmata two. Capfule fmall. Seed one. 1. Glabra. Smooth Rupture-wort. Stems nume- rous, flender, branched, four or five in- ches long, fpreading on the ground. Leaves in pairs, very fmall and pointed. Flowers minute, yellowifh, in clufters along the ftalks. July. Annual. Corn- wail. 2. Hirfuta. Rough Rupture-wort. Leaves hairy. June, July. Annual. In meadows, but rare. 3. Lenticulata. Sea Rupture-wort. Stems nu- merous, flender, branched, fpreading- on the ground. Leaves roundiih, fmall. Flowers fmall, greenifh white, in bunches, terminal. On the fea-coafl. CHENOPODIUM. Calyx of five leaves, pentangular. Style ihort, divided. Stigmata obtufe. Pericarpium 0. Seed one, lenticular. * Leaves angular, rj Bonus Henricus. EngHJh Mercury, or Allgood. Stalks near two feet high. Leaves tri- angular, arrow-fhaped, intire, oily, on long foot-ftalks. Flowers greenifh whites • infpikes, terminal. Auguft. Perennial. Among rubbifh, frequent. 2. Urbicum. Upright Blite. Stem erect. Leaves, on long foot-ualksj iQmewhat»triangu- V h N t A N t> R I A. D I C Y N I A, 65 Jar, oblong, obtufe, flightly indented, Flowers greenifh, in long, naked, flen- der, denfe fpilces, or bunches, branched, erect, from the alas of the leaves. Au- guft, September. AnnuaL Among rubbifh, &c. 3. Rubrum. Sharp-leaved Goofe-foot. Stem erect. Leaves fomewhat triangular, thick, glofly, finuato-dentated towards the point. Flowers inreddifh bunches, la- ■- teral, compofite, erect, leafy. Auguft. Annual. On dunghills$ rubbifh, Sic. 4.. Murale. Goofe-foot, or Sowbane. Stem erect, much branched. Leaves triangular, ir- regularly indented. Flowers in reddifh bunches, lateral, naked, from the alas of the leaves. Auguft. Annual. In gardens, and among rubbim, &c. 5. Serotinum. Late-floivering Blite. Leaves tri- angular, wrinkled, fmooth, uniform, with a deep finus on each fide, fome- what refembling thofe of the fig-tree. Flowers in bunches, terminal. Auguft, September. Annual. On dunghills, rubbifh, tkc. frequent. 6. Album. Common Orach. Stem erect, about three feet high, branched. Leaves, on long foot-ftalks, rhomboideo-triangular, irregularly indented towards the point, and meally on the under fide. Flowers in terminal bunches compofed of alter- nate, fertile, thick fpikes. Seed black, with a peculiar integument, diltinct from the calvx. 4 Vol. K. F 7. ViWte, 66 P E N T A V » R I A. © I Q Y N I A. 7. Viride. Green Blile. Stem erect, green, pur- pli(h at the angles. Leaves rhomboidal, finuated, dentated ; thofe on the brandies launce-fhaped, intire. Flowers in long,, (lender, naked, divided fpikes. Annual. In cultivated ground fre- quent. 8. Hybridum. Maple-leaved Iflittt. Leaves fome- what heart-fhaped, with, a few large an- gulated indentures, and a long point. Flowers in long, naked, branched, bunches, lateral and terminal. Auguft. Annual, Among rubbifh,. dunghills, &c. frequent. 9. Glaucum. Oak-leaved Blite. Leaves ovato- oblong, cut round the edges in a waved line, downy beneath. 1 lowers in fim- ple, naked, roundifh bunches. Stem procumbent. Auguft. Annual. On wafte ground frequent. ** Leaves intire. 10. Vulvaria. Foetid Orach. Stem branched, diffufe, procumbent. Leaves not large, rhomboidal, obtufe, meally. Flowers in fmall roundifh bunches, from the alae of the leaves. Auguft. Annual. In wafte ground frequent. 11. Polyfpermum. Round-leaved Blite, or Allfeed. Stem decumbent. Leaves oval. Flow- ers very numerous, fmall, in forked bunches. Annual. Frequent. 12. Maritimum. Sea Blite, or White Glafwort. Leaves narrow, taper, plane above, convex beneath. A fmall whitifh plant. Seeds P £ N T A N D R 1 A. D I G Y N I A. 6? Seeds glofly. Auguft. Annual. On the fea-coait. frequent. BETA. Calyx of five obtufe concave leaves. . Stamina the length of the ca- lyx. Styles very fnort, erect. Cap- iule in the bottom of the calyx, unilo- cular. Seed one, reniform. 1. Maritima. Sea Beet. Stem decumbent. Leaves large, triangular, vertical, or oblique, on long foot-ftalks. Flowers terminal and lateral. Auguft. Biennial. On the coaft frequent. 2. Vulgaris. Common Beet, Stem erect. Leaves horizontal. SALSOLA. Calyx of five oval leaves. Stamina very fliort, in the leaves of the calyx. Stigmata curved. Capfule uni- locular. Seed one, large, fpiral. I. Kali. Prickly Glafswort. Stem herbaceous, decumbent, rough. Leaves thick, nar^ row, taper, ending in a fpine. Flowers greenifh, in the alx of the leaves ; ca- lyces with a leafy margin. July, Au- guft. Annual. On the coaft frequent. .. ULMUS. Calyx like a top, wrinkled, with five fegments, coloured on the in- fide. Stamina double the length of the calyx : ftvles (horter, reflexed. Fruit a dry berry. 5. Camper!ris. Common Elm. Leaves rough, oval, pointed, doubly ferrated, unequal at the bafe. Bark of the trunk crack- F 2 ed 63 PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. ed and wrinkled. Fruit membranous* April. In hedges common. * Corolla of one petal, regular? below the gtrment SWERTIA. Calyx with five fegments. Corolla with five fegments, fpreading, without tube. Two nectariferous pore* at" the bafe of each fegment. Two ftig- mata without ftyles. Capfules three, unilocular, bivalve. Seeds numerous, fmall. 1. Perennis. Marjh Gentian. Radical leaves oval. Auguft. In Wales. GENTIANA. Calyx and corolla with five fegments. Stigmata two, oval, without ftyles. Capfule oblong, cylin- drical, pointed, unilocular, bivalve. Seeds numerous, fmall. Receptacula two, longitudinal. t. Pneumonanthe. Calathian Violet. Stem erec% with few branches, near two feet high. Leaves narrow, oppofite. Flowers blue, campanulate, erect, terminal, few, oppofite, on fhort pedicles. Auguft. Perennial. In moift meadows, 2. Centaurium. Lefs Centory. Stemfingle, creel, divaricated, about a foot high. Leaves oppofite, feflile, narrow, with three ribs. Flowers pale red, funnel-map- ed, terminal, in clufters on the upper branches, which form a kind of umbel, June. Annual, In dry paftures. 3. Amarella. PENTAN'DRIA. DIGYNIA. 69 3. AraareJla. rftttumnal Gentian, or Fellwort. Stems numerous, branched, about a foot high. Leaves oppofite, feffile. Flowers cup-fafhioned, bearded within, blue, terminal. July, Auguft. Annual. In dry paftures. * Flowers with Jive petals, regular, in umbels, with general and partial involucra. ERYNGIUM. Flowers in roundifh heads. Receptacle conic, with paleae between the feffile flofcules. Involucrum of the receptacle of many leaves, ereft, acute, exceeding the flofcules. Proper perianthium of five leaves, erect, acute. Petals reflex. Stamina and ftyles longer than the corolla. 1. Maritimum. Sea Holly, or Eryngo. Root very long. Radical leaves roundilh, folded, deeply indented, fpinous, on long foot- ftalks ; thofe on the ftem and branches fefiile. Stem much branched. Flower- heads on pedicles. Flowers fmall, whitifh. July, Auguft. Perennial, On the coait. 2. Campeftre. Common Eryngo. Root fhorter than the laft, and leaves narrower, pin- nated, tripartite. Both plants are of a bluifli green. July, Auguft. In paf- tures near the fea. HYDROCOTYLE. Umbel fimple. Involucrum of four leaves. Petals oval, acute, intire, fpreading. Seeds two, comprdied. F 3 I. Vulgaris, •TO PENTANPRIA. D I G Y N I A. J, Vulgaris. Marjh Penn)ivorty or Whitc-ro-t. Stem creeping, jointed. .Leaves fmgle, on long foot-italics, fiKed on the center, round, with eight n rvesand eight fcal- lops. Umbels of five flowers, which are fmall, and reddifh white. May. Pe- rennial. In wet paftures. ■ SANICULA. General umbel of about four radii \ the partial of many, cloied, Co as to form a kind of knob. General involucrum but half round. Flofcules of the difk abortive. Stamina twice the length of the corolla. Fiuit rough, Seeds two. i, .Europasa. Sanicle, Stem ere&, naked. Ra- dical leaves numerous, on long foot- ftajks, trilobed, indented ; the fide-lobQs divided. Flofcules all feflile, BUPLEURUM. General umbel with lefs than ten radii. Partial involucrum of five leaves, large. Flofcules all fertile. Petals \try fhort, involuted. Fruit roundifh, comprefled, ftriatcd, divifi- ble. Seeds two, I, Rotundifolium. Thorough-wax* Stem ere£r, about two feet high, branched. Leaves. fingle,.each unrounding the Hem, oval, pointed, gloffy, bluifk-green. Flowers yellowifh. No general involucrum, July. Annual. In corn-fields. 0j Tenuiffimum; Lenji Hare's Ear. Stem about a foot high, with many branches. Leaves long, narrow, pointed, fefTile, Umbels PU'TANDRIA. DICYNIA. J1 Umbels fimple, alternate. Flowers fmall, yellowifh. July, Auguft. An- nual. In pastures, rare, BUNIUM. General umbel of Iefs than twenty radii ; partial umbel very fhort, but thick fet. General involucrum of many leaves, linear, £h,ort ; partial in- volucrum like briftles, as long as the umbel. Fruit oval, divifible. Seeds two. 3. Bulbccaftanum. Earth Nut > Pig Nut > or Jar Nut, Root bulbous, brown on the out- fide. Stem fmooth, about a foot high. Radical leaves long, on foot-ftalks, pin- nated 5 pinnas and pinnulas branched, the extreme lobule launce-fhaped. Upper leaves much finer, vaginated : all fmooth, glofty. Flowers fmall, white. PEUCEDANUM. General umbel of many long, flender radii. Partial umbel flat. General involucrumof many leaves, linear, fmal!, reflex ; partial lefs. Styles fmall. Fruit oval, girt by a membrane. Seeds two, oblong, fur- rowed, girt by a membrane. 1. Officinalis. Hogs Fennel. Stem erect, joint- ed, branched, two or three feet high. Leaves 5-tripartite, linear, filiform. Umbels large. Flowers fmall, yellow - ifn. June. Perennial. In fait fens. 2. Silaus. Mea:hw Saxifrage. Stem eredr, branched, about two feet high. Gene- ral involucrum of two leaves. Leaves tlecnmpolite ; foiioles pinnatifid, kg- ments oppofite, dark green on the up- F 4 per $2 FENTANBRIA. DIGYNIA. per fide. Petals yellowifh, revolute, di- vided by a middle line. Seeds large, with, three deep furrows. Auguft. Peren- nial. In moift meadows, CRITHMUM. General umbel of many radii, hemifpherical. Partial umbels confimilar. General involucrum of many leaves, obtufe, reflex ; partial, the length of the umbels. Fruit oval, comprefled, divifible. Seeds two, el- liptical, ftriated on one fjde. r, Maritimum. Sampire. Stem much branched, about a foot high. Radical leaves large, with long, narrow, thick fegments. Flowers yellow, on large umbels. Au- guft. Perennial. On the fea-coaft, . LIGUSTICUM. General and partial umbels of many radii. General invo- lucrum membranous, of feven leaves, unequal ; partial, of three or four leaver. Petals involuted, intire. Fruit oblong, 5-furrowed. Seeds two, large, long, with membranes on one fide. If Scoticum. ScottiJJ) Sea Par/ley. Stem two or three feet high, ere<5t, ftriated, branched at the top. Leaves biternate. Flowers imair, white. July. Biennial. On, the fea-coaft, but rare. 7, Cornubienfe. Cornwall Saxifrage. Stem three or four feet high, branched. Leaves decompofite, cut-in at the edges ; the radical ones ternate, launce-fhapsd, in- tire. July. Perennial. In Cornwall. ANQ£- P E N T A N D R I A. D I G Y N I A. 75 ANGELICA. General umbel of many- radii, roundifh. Partial umbel, when flowering, perfectly round. General involucrum of three or iive leaves, fmall. Partial umbel fmall, of eight leaves. Fruit roundifh, angular, folid, divifi- ble. Seeds two. j, Silveffris. W Id Angelica. Stem ere&, branch- ed, five or fix feet high. .Leaves large, on vaginal foot-ftalks, eompofed of pin- nated foliolae, ferrated, fomewhat oval, umbel large. Flowers fmall, greenifh, white. June, July. Perennial. In woods, hedges, &c. SIUM. Partial umbel fpreading. Ge- neral involucrum of five — feven leaves, broad, reflex ; partial, about the fame number, but narrow. Fruit, round- ifh, ftriated, fmall, divifible. Seeds two. Petals heart-fhaped. J. Latifolium. Great Water Parfnep. Stem erec*r, branched, five or fix feet high. Leaves pinnated, broad, ferrated. Umbels ter- minal. Flowers fmall, white. July, Perennial. Rivers, fens, &c. 2. Nodiflorum. Creeping Water Parfnep. Stem weak, creeping. Radical leaves pin- nated, fimple ; thofe on the ftalk femi- trilobed, and fharp-ferrated. Umbels fome on fhort pedicles from the alae of the leaves, and others on longer ones . and terminal. July, Auguft. Peren- nial, Rivers and ditches. SISON, 74 PEKTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. S1S0N. General umbel of lefs than fix, and partial lei's than ten radii, unequal. Involucra each of four leaves, unequal. Fruit oval, itriated, diviiible. Seeds two. I. Amomum. Ba/fard Stone Parf.cy. Stem tall, flender, weak, branched. Leaves pin- nated * ferrated. Umbels eredt, termi- nal. Seeds warm, aromatic. Auguft. September. Perennial. In woods and hedges. %. Segctum. Com Parjley, or Honsyvjort. Stems riUfneroas, flender, ftriated, branched, leaning. Leaves pinnated j pinna; oval, pointed, ferrated, fix or eight pair, and one at the end. Umbels fmai], drooping. Flowers minute, white. July. Biennial. Corn-fields, and hedges^ &c. $, Immdatum, Leajl Water Parfnep. Stem about eight or ten inches high, branched, Creeping. Leaves, below the water, capillary; above, pinnated. Umbels bind. May, June. Annual. Ditches, ponds, &c. frequent. ** Involucra 0. • PASTINACA. General and partial umbels of many radii. Petals curled inwards, launce-fhaped, in tire. Fruit elliptical, compreiietL Seeds two, el- liptical, with a margin. I. Sativa. Parfnep. Stalk branched, jointed. Leaves pinnated, fimple, ferrated. Um- bels large. Flowers yellow, July. Bien- PENTANDRfA. DIGYNIA. 75 Biennial. In the borders of common fields. SMYRNIUM. General umbel unequal, daily incrcafing ; partial umbel ere£t. Petals carinated. Fruit oblong, ftri- ated. Seeds two, triangular. I. Olufatrum. Alexanders. Stem firm, jointed, ftriated? branched, three or fo lit feethigh. Radical leaves triternate ; thofe above, ternate only j both ferrated. Umbels very large. Flowers greeniih white. May, June. Biennial. In ditches, and about rocks near the fea. ANETHUM. General and partial um- bels of many radii. Petals curled in- wards, minute, intire. Styles obfolete. Fruit fomewhat oval, comprefled, ftri- ated. Seeds two, without a membra- nous margin. 1. Fceniculum. Fennel, Stem round, thick, firm. Leaves divided into a multitude of long narrow fegments. Flowers yellow. Auguft. Biennial, On chalk cliffs, frequent. CARUM. General umbel Ion?, of ten radii, often unequal. Partial umbels crowded. Petals, fometimes a little ir- regular, heart-fhaped, ridged, and cut in the margin. Fruit ovato-oblong, itriated. Seeds two, convex on one fide, plane on the other, Itriated. I, Carvi. Carravcoys. Root conic. Stem branch- ed, abvut aicot high. Leaves long, bu pinnated t 76 PENTANDRIA. P I C Y N I A, pinnated ; firft pipnulae decuflate on the rib. Umbels terminal. Flowers white. May, June. Biennial. Meadows, &c. frequent. PIMPINELLA. General umbel of ma, ny radii j partial, of yet more. Petals . . of the exterior flowers irregular. Styles very fhort. Fruit ovato-oblong. Seeds two., convex, ftriated. I, Saxifraga. Btirnef Saxifrage. Stem flender, rnuch branched, about two feet high. Leaves pinnated, ferrated ; thofe from the root roundifli ; upper leaves in five long narrow fegments. Auguft. Pe~ rennial. In dry paftures. APIUM. Univerfal umbel of few ra- dii ; partial, of many. Petals roundifh, infkxed. Fruit oval, ftriated. Seeds two, oval, ftriated on one fide. j. Graveolens. Smallage. Stem eredt, hollow, angular, branched. Radical leaves, on long pedicles, pinnated ; pinnae divided into three lobes, and ferrated. Upper leaves wedge-fhaped. Auguft. Bien- nial. In fens and ditches . * y«GOPODIUM. General umbel of many radii, convex j partial, of many radii, plane. Petals heart-fhaped, the exterior ones not regular. Fruit ovato, oblong, ftriated. Seeds two, large. j. Podagraria. Herb-Gerard, Gad-weed, or JJh- we:d. Stem angular, branched, about fhrce feet high. Leaves on triangular « pedicles, V E N T A N D R I A. D I G Y fl I a. fj pedicles. Radical leaves biternate, with broad fcfTile foliolce ; thofe above, ter- nate, with the foliohe on pedicles. Um- bels few, large. Flowers white. In gardens frequent. * Petals five, irregular. Umbels with general and paitial involucra* ECHINOPHORA. General umbel with intermediate fhorter radii. Partial um- bel with fefiile flofcules, feveral abor- tive. Partial involucrum of one leaf, with fix fegmenfs, acute, unequal. Seed one, immerlid in the involucrum. I* Spinofa. Prickly Sampire, or Sea Parfnep. Stem erecl, branched. Leaves pinnat- ed ; pinna? thick, with a fingle furrow^ and tapering to a rigid fpine. Root like that of the common parfnep, but more branched. July. Perennial. On the fea-coafL TORDYLIUM. General and partial umbels of many unequal radii ; thofe of the latter very fhort. Involucra long, fimple. Flofcules all hermaphrodite. Corollas radiate. Fruit roundifh, notch- ed in the margin. Seeds two. I. Latifolium. Pinple-jioivered Great Bajlard Parjley. Stem about two feet high, frxi- ated, rough. Leaves rough, pinnated i pinnse launce-fhaped, cut and ferrated.. General umbel tririJ. j nc, July. An- nual. In corn-fields. 2. Nodofum, 78 P ! M T A N D ft I A. D I G Y K J A, l. Nodofum. Knotted Par/ley. Stem branched, recumbent, rough* Leaves pinnated, rough. Umbels fimple, femle. Seeds rough. May. Annual* Corn-fields. 3. Anthrifcus. Hedge- Parjley. Stem fhort, rough. Leaves pinnatifid, indented, ovato- launce-fhaped. Umbels fmall, com* padr.. Seeds rough, globofe. Flowers reddilh. Auguft. Biennial. In hedges frequent. CAUCALIS. General umbel with few, and thofe unequal radii. Partial um- bel with more radii, of which the five exterior are large!!. Corollas radiate, thofe of the difk male. Fruit fpinous. I» Leptophylla. Fine-leaved Bajlard Parjley. Stem ere£t, branched. Leaves regular, con- jugate, pinnated, with long narrow fegments, indented. General involu- crum o. Partial involucrurn of five leaves. Partial umbels fmall, unilate- ral. Seeds two, with hooked fpines. July. Annual. In corn-fields. DAUCUS. General and partial umbel of many radii, concave. General in- volucrurn of many leaves, as long as the umbel, with linear, pinnated leaves. Partial involucrurn more fimple. Flow- ers all hermaphrodite. Fruit prickly. I. Carota. Wild Carrot, or Bird's -nejl. Stern ere£r, folid, branched, three or four feet high. Root fmaller and harder than the garden carrot. Leaves hairy, and doubly H N T A N D R I A. 1) I f. T M ! Jt C*Q doubly divided into fine fegments. Seeds prickly. CONIUM. Umbels of many radii, iprcading. Involucra of many leaves^ very fiiort, unequal. Fruit roundiih, with rive itrise, notched. i. Maculatum. Hemkck. Stem ereft, jointed, fpotted, branched, five or fix feet high. Leaves bipinnated ; foiioles divided into about (even fegments, the lart obtufe. Seeds Itriated. June, July. Annual In hedges, frequent. ATHAMANTA. General umbel of many radii ; partial fewer. Involucra of many leaves, linear. Fruit ovato- oblong, frriated. I. Libanotis. Mountain Sicm-parfley. Root a- crid, conic, aromatic. Stem fome- times very fhort, and foroetimes near two feet high. Leaves large, bipinnated, refembling thofe of parfley. Umbeilulae very numerous. Umbels hemifphe- rical. Seeds hairy. Augtift. Sep- tember. Perennial. In dry paftures. ?. Meum. Spignel. Stem round, branched, ftriated. Leaves alternate, divided in- to long capillary fegments ; thofe from, the root on long pedicles, foft. Flowers- white. Seeds lti lated* May. Peren- nial. In the mountainous parts of the north and in Wales. HERACLEUM. General umbel large, of many radii. Involucra deciduous. Exterior So PENTANDRIA. D I G Y N I A. Exterior petals much larger, and notch- ed. Fruit elliptical, comprefTed, flo- ated. Seeds two, with four itrias, fo- liaceous. t. Sphondylium. Cow Parfnep. Stem hollow, ftriated, branched, about five feet high. Leaves hairy, large, pinnatifid, quin- quifid, with lobes irregularly notched. Flowers hairy, white or reddifh, all hermaphrodite. July. Biennial. Hedges, paftures, Sec. frequent. 4. Anguftifolium. Jagged Cow Parfnep. Differs from the laft, in the leaves being pin- nated crofiwife, the foliolje much nar- rower, and the corolla greenifh, and more regular. Syjl. Nat. Apped. 57. OENANTHE. General umbel of few radii ; thofe of the partial umbel nu- merous, very fhort or none. Involu- cra of many leaves, fimple. Flofcules feflile ; thole of the difk fterile. Fruit crowned by the calyx. 1. Fiftulofa. Water Dropwort. Stem creeping under water ; above water erecl, and al- moft naked. Radical leaves bipinnated ; thofe on the ftem pinnated, linear, fif- tulous. Partial umbels denfe, gene- rally three together. July. Perennial. In fens and ditches frequent. 2, Crocata. Hemlock Dropwort. Stem branched, ftriated, about four feet high. Leaves multifid, large, obtufe. Radii of the general umbel angular. General invo- lucrum large. Flowers white. June. Perennial. On the banks of rivers. 3. Pirn- P E N T A K I* R I A. D I G Y N I A. 8f 3. Pimpinelloides. Pimpernel Drcpwort. Stem about fix inches high, angular. Radi- cal leaves bipinnated, refembjing thole of paiiley ; thofe above hmple, linear, channelled, long. Umbel unequal. Flowers white. In fens and ditches. June. Perennial. ** General Involucrum O. PHELLANDRIUM. Umbels of many radii. Partial involucrum of {even leaves, acute, and as long as the um- bel. Flowers of the difk. lefs. Fruit fmooth, oval, cr.owned by the calyx and piftillum. I, Aquaticum. Water Hemlock. Stem very thick, hollow, ftriated, fix feet high, branched. Lower leaves decompofite ; upper bi- pinnated, their rarhificapio'fl$ divaricated, and fegments narrow. Umbel not very large. Seeds oval, comprefled, (lightly aromatic. June. Biennial. In rivers, ditches, &c. CICUTA. Umbels roundifh, of many equal radii. Partial involucrum of many leaves, fhort, narrow. Fruit oval, furrowed. Petals nearly equal. I. Yirofa. Long-leaved JVater Hemlock. Stem three or four feet high, ftriated, branch- ed. Leaves large, with feven pair of pinnae, long, flender, varioufly divided, indented, on leafy pedicles. July. Pe- rennial. In (hallow pools of water. Poifonous. Vol. II. G iETHUSA. Si PEN T -A N D R I A. D I G Y N I A. iETHUSA. General umbel fpreading ^ inner radii gradually lefs. Partial um- bels fmall, fpreading. Partial involu- crum, on the out-fide only, of three or five long, linear, pendulous leaves. - Fruit frriated. Petals bifid. I. Cynapium. Fools Parjley. Stem furrowed, branched, two or three feet high. Leaves pinnated, fmooth, glorify, large, ilibdivided into narrow fegmenrs;, fome- what refembling thofe of hemlock.- Auguft, September. Annual. In corn-fields, and a frequent weed in gar- dens. CORIANDRUM. General umbel of hw radii ; partial of many. Partial irivolucrum, oh one fide only, of three linear leaves. Corolla radiate ; petals inflexed, notched. Fruit fpherical. I. Sativum. Coriander. Stem two or three feet high, branched. Leaves divided into many narrow fegments ; the lower leaves broader, pinnated. Root white. The whole plant when bruifed fmells very difagreeably. June. Annual. Dung- hills, high-roads,- Sec. SCANDIX. General umbel lohg, of very few radii. Partial involucrum of five leaves-, as long as the umbel. Petals intire. Fruit long, narrow, taper. Flofcules of the difk generally male. !.- Pcclen Veneris. Shepherd's Needle, or Venus- comb. Stem about a foot high, branch- ed. Leaves divided into many narrow fegments. PENTANDRIA. DIGYKIA. 83 fegments. Fruit above an inch long. Radii of the general umbel only two. Leaves of the involucra bifid. June, July. Annual. Corn-fields, frequent. 2. Anthrifcus. Hemlock Wild Chervil. Stem about two feet high, branched, fmooth. Leaves pinnated, refembling thofe of hemlock, but with fhorter and broader pinnae. Seeds oval, rough. Petals equal. May, June. Annual. In corn-fields arid high-roads frequent. GHEROPHYLLUM. General umbeL fpreading ; partial umbel of nearly the fame number of radii. Partial involu- crum of about five leaves, broad, con- cave, reflex. Petals roundifh, intire. Fruit oblong, fmooth. 1. Sylveftre. Wild Cicely or Coiv-iveed. Stem hairy, thick, hollow, branched, ftriated. Leaves very large, bipinnated ; pinnula™ broad, divided into four or five feg- ments, hairy. Flowers all hermaphro- dite. Exterior leaf of the partial invo- lucrum much larger than the refk* May, June. Annual.- In hedges. 2. Tumulum. IVild Chervil. Stem fpotted, branched, rough j joints fwollen. Leaves hairy, large, bipinnated ; pin- nule narrow, and regular like fern. Umbels drooping. Flofcules of the difk male. Seeds broad, yellow, ftri- ated. Intenor petal cordated. July, Auguft. Annual. In hedges frequent. Q 2 III. T R I- g^.PENTANDR'I A. T R I G Y N I A. III. TRIGYNIA. Pi'ililla 3. * ^Corolla monqpciahus, regular, above the germen-* VIBURNUM. Calyx quinquedentate, fmall, permanent. Corolla campanu- 1 1 r I. r a late, with hve iegments, obtuie, reflex. S.tyles O, but a turbinated glandule in ftead. Fruit a berry, with a Tingle rr ' r 1 - J olieous feed. i. Lantana. Wa\- firing, or pliant mealiy. Tree- A fmall tree, withwhitiih pliant twigs. Leaves in pairs, oval, pointed, fer rated, venous, mealiy on the under fide. Flowers white, in umbels, ; terminal. Fruit black. May. In hedges. 2, Qp.ulus. Water [Elder. A weakftirub, about fix feet high. Leaves, on glandular foot-ftaiks, divided into three or five lobes, ierrated, refembling vine-leaves. Flowers large, white, in umbels. Berry red. May, June, in woods and hedges. SAMBUCUS. Calyx of one leaf, fmall, in five fegments, permanent. Corolla with five fegments, obtufe, reflex. Styles o, but a tumid glandule. A berry with three feeds. I. Nigra. Common Elder. A fhrub, or fmall tree from fix to fifteen or twenty feet high. Branches full of pith. Leaves pinnated, ferrated. Flowers white, in large umbels, or rather cymes, quinque- partite. Fruit black. April. In woods and hedges. 2. Ebulus. PENTANDR1A. TRIGVWIA. 85 2. Ebulus. Dwarf Elder, JVallwort, or Dane- tuort. An herb, about three feet high. Leaves and -fin we re like the lait, but the leaves are fomewhat Longer. Cymes tripartite. June, July. Hedges. ** Corolla pentapetalous, regular, be!czv ihe germen* STAPHYLEA. Calyx or" five fegments, concave, coloured, equal with the co- rolla, the petals of which are erect, acute. Capfules three, inflated, joined together by a longitudinal future. Seeds two, globofe, with a cicatrix." I. Pinnata, Bladder Nut Tree. A tall fhrub, or tree ; (hoots pithy. Leaves pinnated j pinnae generally five, oblong, pointed, and notched round the edges. Flowers white, in whirls, on long pendulous pe- dicles. June. In hedges about Pon- tefracr, and in Kent. ALSINE. Calyx of five concave, point- ed leaves. Petals brfid. Caplule uni- locular, trivaive. Seeds i'evCial,Toundifh. I- Media! Common Ch'ichvee'd. Stem weak, branched. Leaves elliptical, pointed, in pairs. Flowers muill, white. Sta- mina uncertain as to number, three, i'eytm, five, or ttn. April to October, frequent. Q 3 IV. TETRA- $6 . PBNTANDRIA. fETRAGYNIA. IV. TETRAGYNIA. i Piftilla 4. PARNASSIA. Calyx in five fegments, acute, fpreading, permanent. Petals five, regular, notched, ftriated. Nec- taria five, fringed, apex globofe. Styles o. Stigmata four. Capfule unilocu- lar, quadrivalve. I„ Paluftris. Grafs of Parnaffus. S^em fquare, about fix inches high. Radical leaves on foot-ftalks. Flower long, fingle, large, white, terminal. Augult. Peren- nial. In wet meadows. V. PENTAGYNIA. Piftilla 5. * Petals five, regular, below the germen. STATICE. Calyx of one leaf, funnel- fhaped, folded^ intire. Seed one. I. Amieria. Thrift, or Sea Gilly-fiower. Stem fimple, naked, about fix inches high. Radical leaves like grate, in a large tuft. Flowers terminal, pale red, in a round head, not very large, July, Auguft. Perennial. In meadows n^ar the fea. a, Limonium. Sea Lavender. Stem naked, branched, about a foot high. Radical leaves long, thick, pointed, on foot- ftalks. Flowers blue, in long fpikes or panicle;; PENTANDRIA. P £ N T A G Y N I A. Sf[ panicles on the tops of the branches. July, Auguft. Perennial. On the fea- coait. 3. Reticulata. Matted Sea Lavender. Stem pro- ftrate, terminated by a panicle.of flow- ers. Branches bent backwards, inter- woven. Leaves wedge-fhaped. On •the fea-coafh LINUM. Calyx; fmaU, of- five leaves, erect, permanent. Petals obtufe, large. Capfule globofe, decemlocular, quin- quevalve. ^Seeds fingle. I. 'Ufitatiffimum.-' Flax. Stem erect, about three feet high, branched, hollow. Leaves narrow, pointed, alternate, intire. Flowers blue ; calyx angular ; capfule pointed. Seeds brown, glolly. June. Annual. In corn-fields. %. Perenne. Perennial Blue Flax. S{em about a foot high. Leaves numerous, narrow, pointed, alternate, intire. Capfules and Segments of the calyx obtufe. Flowers :blue, in ;thici: ,tufts, terminal. June, July. Perennial. In barren paftuies. 3. Tenuifolium. Narrow-leaved Wild-fix. Stalks numerous, erect, woody, about a foot high, branched. Leaves irregular, nar- row, pointed, rough. Flowers large, terminal, on pedicles, fingle, blue or reddifh, with purple lines ; calyx fharp- pointed, fringed. June, July. Peren- nial. In fields near the fea. 4. Catharticum. Purging Flax. Stem about eight inches high, generally bent, forked to- wards the top, Leaves oval, pointed, G 4 oppofite. ■ S8 PENTANDRIA, PENTAfrYNIA. oppofite, fmall, feflile. Flowers white, marp-pointed, terminal, fmall. May, June. Annual. In dry fields, PROSERA. Calyx of one leaf, quin- quifid, pointed, erecf, permanent, a lit* tie lefs than the corolla. Capfule oval, unilocular, with five valves at the apex. Seeds numerous, minute. ' i. Rotundjfolia. Round-leaved Sun-dew. Stem naked, about four inches high. Leaves concave, round, on pedicles fringed and covered with red hairs, and fprinkled with drops Of a tranfparent fluid. Flow- ers white, on fpikes chiefly unilateral. July, Auguft. Perennial. On bogs, &c. 2. kcngifolia. Long-leaved Sun-deiv. Differs from the 1 aft in being a fomewhat larger plant, and in the elliptical fhape of the leaf. SIBBALDIA. Calyx of one leaf, with ten fegments. Petals and ftamina in- ferred in the calyx. Styles from the fide of the germens. Seeds five. r. Procumbens. Bajlard C'mquefoil. Stem pro- cumbent. Leaves three, on the top of a fmall pedicle, trifid at the extremity, and fomewhat hairy. Flowers yellow. July, Auguft. Perennial. In woods in Scotland. SPERGULA. Calyx of five leaves, concave. Petals oval, concave, intire, Capfule unilocular, quinquevalve. Seeds numerous. I. Pen- J>ENTAKDRIA. PD1YCYKIA. 89 I, Pcntandria. Small Spurrey. Leaves very nar- row, in whirls, at the joints. Seeds black, with a white circle. July. An- nual. In Ireland. VI. POLYGYNIA. Piftilla many. MYOSURUS. Calyx of five leaved. Nec'taria five, narrow, pointed, refem- bling petals. Seeds numerous, fixed to a longreceptaculum. Germens nume- rous. Styles -o. The number of the ftamina not to be tifepended on. I. Minimus. Moufetail. Stalks fimple, about three inches high. Radical leaves nume- rous, like grafs. Flowers frnall, greenifh. Rcceptaculum about two inches long, cylindrical, like that of the plantain, but not fo thick. April, May. An- nual. In meadowsj &c. CLASS jfO HEXAJSDRJA. MONOGYNIA. CLASS VI. HEXANDRIA. Stamina 6. I. MONOGYNIA. Piftillum i. FRANKENIA. Calyx of one leaf, an- gular, with five fharp teeth, ipreading, permanent. Corolla of five petals, roundifh, fpreading. Stigmata three. Capfuleoval, unilocular, trivalve. Seeds many, oval, minute. J. Levis. Smooth Sea Heath. Stems numerous, branched, procumbent. Reaves final 1, linear, fringed at the bafe. Flowers purple, fingle, feflile. Auguft. Pe- rennial, On the fea-coaft. 2. Pulverulenta. Broad-leaved Sea Heath. Differs from the laft in the leaves being oval, with a blunt apex, and meally on the un- der fide. July. Annual. On the fea-coaft. JUNCUS. Calyx of fix .leaves. Glume bivalve. Corolla o. Capfule unilocu- lar, trivalve, triangular. Stigmata three, long, woolly. * Stalks naked. H.. Acutus. Hard Sea Rujh, Stem hard, fharp- pointed, terminated by a panicle of roundifh HEX AN DR I A. MONOGYNIA, £1 roundifh heads. July, Auguft. Pe- rennial. On die fea-coaft. 2. Conglomeratus. Round-headed Rujh. Stem rigid. Head compact and lateral. July, Auguft. Perennial. Bogs and wet paftures. 3. Effufus. Common foft Rujl). Flov/ers on pe- dicles. Panicle lateral, diffufe. May — Auguft. Perennial. Fens, &c. 4. Inflexus. Hard Rujh. Stem with the apex membranous and curved. Panicle dif- fufe, lateral. June. In paftures, &c. 5. Filiformis. Leajifoft Rujh. Stem fhort, flen- der, drooping. Panicle diftant from the top. On boggy mountains. 6. Squarrofus. Mofs Rujh^ or Goofe-corn. Leaves very narrow. Heads round, terminal, naked. June. In wafte ground fre- quent. ** Stalks leafy. 7. Articulatus. Jclnted-leafed Rujh. Leaves jointed. Heads feinle. July, Auguft. In wet oround. 8. Bulbofus. Bulbofe Rujh. Root denfe, creep- ing. Leaves narrow. On the upper fide grooved, on the under convex, itri- ated. Panicle unequal, terminal. Cap- fule brown, finning. Augu|t. In moift ground frequent. Q. Bufonius. Toad Rujh. Stem forked. Leaves angular. Flowers feffile, fingle, with white vaginae. July, Auguft. Annu- al, In |kndy paftures, &c, 10. Pilofus, 92 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 10. Pilofus. Great hairy Wood Rujh. Stem about two feet high. Leaves fomewhat broad anil hairy. Panicle branched. April. May. In thick woods. 11. Campeftris. Small Hairy Wood-rujh. Stem not fo tall as the laft. Leaves narrow- er, and fpikes more compact. April. In dry pafbires, &c. * Monopetalous, regular. CONVALLARIA. Calyx o. Corolla bell-fhaped, fmooth, with fix fegments. Berry trilocular, fpotted. Seeds fingle. I. Majalis. Lilly cf the Valley. Stalk naked > {lender, angular, flowers white, in a long unilateral bunch, terminal, fra- grant. May. In woods. JU Polygonatum. Sweet-fmelling Solomon s Seal. Stem fingle, two-edged, about a foot high. Leaves oval, alternate, their bafe furrounding the item, numerous, large. Flowers white, on pedicles from the alae of the leaves, pendulous, fingle. May, June. Perennial. In the fif- fures of rocks. 3. Multiflora. Solomon's Seal. Stem round, near two feet high, drooping. Leaves nu- merous, alternate, oval, pointed, fur- rounding the ftem with their bafe. Flowers, generally two or more on each pedicle, pendulous. May, June. Pe- rennial. In woods. HYACINTHUS. Calyx 0. Corolla bell-fhaped, with fix legmcnts, reflex. Three HEXANDRIA. MONOCYNIA. G3 Three melliferous pores on the top of the gertnen. Caplule trilocular, tri- valve. I. Non fcriptus. Engl'ijh Hyacinth, or Hare -bells. Stem naked, bending at the top, about ten inches high. Leaves long, narrow. Flowers long, blue, on pedicles, in loofe fpikes, terminal. May. Perennial. In woods and under hedges frequent. * Six petals, regular. ACORUS. Spadix fimple, cylindrical, covered by the flofcules, without a fpa- tha. Petals obtufe. Style o. Cap- fule trilocular. I. Calamus. Sweet-fmelling Flag. Leaves thick, narrow, two-edged, about two feet lono-'. Spadix grows from a leaf thicker and rounder "than the reft. May. Peren- nial. In rivers, &c. ** Six petals, regular. Calyx afpatha. NARCISSUS. Corolla fixed on the out-fide of the tube of the ne£tarium» which confifts of one leaf, funnel- fhaped, intire. Capfule trilocular, tri- valve. I. Poeticus. Pale Daffodil. Stem comprcfled, hollow, ftriated, fingle, about a foot high. Leaves long, narrow. Flower generally fingle, very pale yellow. Nec- tariur.i i'mall, yellow. April. Peren- nial. In meadows, but rare. 2. Pfeudo- 9+ HEXANDRIA. MOKOGYKIA. 2. Pfcudo NarcifTus. Engiijh Daffodil. Differs from the laft chiefly in the ne&arium being eredt, and equal in length to the petals of the corolla. March, April. In woods and hedges. ALLIUM. Common fpatha roundim, deciduous, containing feveral flowers. Antherse oblong, eredt. Stigma acute. Capfule fhort, broad, trilobed, trilo- cular, trivalve. Seeds many. Umbel compact. 1. Ampeloprafum. Great round-headed Garlick. Root lateral. Leaves narrow, flat. Um- bel globofe. Stamina alternately trifid. Flowers pale purple. 2. Afenarium. Broad-leaved Mountain Garlick: Stem bearing bulbs. Leaves flightly ferrated. Stamina alternately trifid. Flowers pale purple. July. In the north of England. 3. Vineale. Crow Garlick. Leaves cylindrical, hollow. Head bulbiferous. Stamina with two long briftles exceeding the flower. 4. Oleraceum. Wild Garlick. Leaves rough, cy^ lindrical. Umbel bulbiferous. Vagina with two horns. Stamina fimple. Flower whitifh green, with three dark purple Arise on each petal. July. In high paftures, &c. 5. Urfinum. Ramfort. Stem naked, femi-cylin^ drical. Radical leaves launce-fhaped, on foot-italks. Umbel faftigiate. May. In woods and hedges frequent. *** Si* U E X A N D R I A. M O N G G Y N I A. 9-5 *** Six petals, regular. Calyx a perianthium. BERBERIS. Calyx of fix leaves, fpread- ingf coloured, deciduous, almoff. as rong as the corolla. Two glandule3 at the bafe of each petal. Style o. Berry cylindrical, obtufe, unilocular. Seeds two. I. Vulgaris. Barberry Bujh. A fhrub generally fix or eight feet high. Bark rough. At the joints of the branches three fpines. Leaves alternate, on foot-ftalks, elliptical, with fharp teeth round the edges, acid. Flowers yellow, in naked bunches, terminak Berries red. In woods and hedges frequent. FEPLIS. Calyx bell-maped, large, with twelve denticies alternately reflex. Pe- tals very minute, inferted in the calyx. Styl- very fhort. Capfule bilocular. Seeds many, fmall, angular. 1. Portulaca. Water Purjlane. Stems nume- rous, (lender, creeping, four or five inches long, reddifh. Leaves oppofite, two at each joint, narrow at the bafey with a round apex, fmooth, intire, pale green. Flowers feflile, in the alas of the leaves, purplifh. September. In ponds, &c. •**** s;x prfch regular. Calyx o. FRITILLARIA. Corolla bell-fhaped, with a broad bottom and nectariferous cavity near the bafe of each petal. Sta- mina clofe to the ftyre, and the length of the 96 HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA; the corolla. Capfule oblong, obtufe, trilocular, trivalve. Seeds many, in two rows. 1. Meleagris. Chequered Daffodil. Root a bulb. Stem flender, about fix or eight inches high. Leaves narrow, alternate, Flower large, often fingle, on a flender pe- dicle, drooping, chequered with purple. May, June. Perennial. In meadows, &c. Middlefex. ORNITHOGALUM. Petals launce- fhaped, below the middle ere£l, above fpreading, permanent but fading. Sta- mina fhort. Style fubulate. Capfule angular, trilocular, trivalve. 1. Luteum. Yellow Star of Bethlehem. Stalk an- gular, about fix or eight inches long, with two fmall leaves near the top. Radical leaves two, as long as the ftem. Flowers on pedicles, in a kind of umbel, green without, yellow within ; tube prifmatical. April, May. In the northern counties. 2. Pyrenaicum. Spiked Star of Bethlehem. Ra- dical leaves arenatcd, convoluted. Stem about two feet high, bearing a long terminal fpike of many flowers, green- ifh, ftriated on the out-fide, on equal pedicles. Filaments fubulato-triangu- lar. May. In meadows. 3. Umbellatum. Common Star of Bethlehem. Ra- dical leaves numerous, carinated, con- voluted, obtufej thofe on the flern white. Flowers white, with a green rib on HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 97 on the outfidc, in fpik.es forming a kind of umbel, the lower pedicles being longeft. Stamina alternately fagittated. In woods, meadows, Sec. SCILLA. Petals oval, fpreading, deci- duous. Stamina and ftyle half the length of the corolla. Capfule fmooth, trifulcate, trilocular, trivalve. Seeds many. 1. Bifolia. Vernal Star Hyacinth. Stem about fix inches high. Radical leaves gene- rally two. Root folid. Flowers blue, Generally four, of equal height. April, lay. Perennial. 2. Autumnalis. Lefs Autumnal Star Hyacinth. Stem fix or eight inches high. Leaves numerous, long, and very narrow. Flowers blue, terminal, in bunches en naked peduncles. Root folid. ANTHERTCUM. Petals oblong, oh- tufe, fpreading. Antherae fmall, incum- bent. Germen obfolete. Style the length of the ftamina. Capfule oval, fmooth, trilocular, trivalve. Seeds numerous, angular. I. Ssrotinum. Mountain Saffron. Stem about four or five inches high, with three or four fmall leaves, alternate. Radical leaves long, and very narrow. Flower terminal, lingle, white within and pale red on the out-fide, below the germen. Auguft. Perennial. On the Welch mountains. Hucfs. 122. Bulbocedium, Vol. U. H 2. Caly- 98 HEXAKDRIA. DICYN1A. 2. Calyculatum. Scottijh Jfphodel. Leaves enfi- form. Stern fimple, naked above. Petals long, narrow, greenifh, divided by a mid- dle line. Stigmata three. Perianthium trifid. Spike terminal. Root white, fibrous. September. In fens, &c. 3. Offifragum. Bajlard Jfphodel. Differs from the lafr. chiefly in the filaments of the piiKllum being woolly, which in that are fmcoth. ASPARAGUS. Corolla below the ger- men ; three interior petals reflex at the apex. Style very fhort. Berry trilo- cular. Seeds two, fmooth. j; Officinalis. Sparagtts. Stem herbaceous, ereel:, branched, with one exterior and two interior ilipulre. Leaves like threads. Flowers fmall, greenifh. July, Auguif. In meadows near the fea, in the weft of England. to II. D I G Y N I A. Fiftilla 2. RUMEX. Calyx of three leaves, re- flex. Corolla of three leaves, conni- verit. Stamina fhort. Stigmata large. Seed one, triangular. I. Digynus. Round-leaved Mountain 'Sorrel. Stem procumbent. Leaves on foot-flalks, round, notched at the extremity. Calyx and corolla each of two leaves. June. On the Welch mountains, and in the north of E norland, POLY- H £ X A N D R I A. TRIGYNIA. $g POLYGONUM. Calyx o. Corolla 5-partite, refcmbling a calyx. Stamina and piftilla very fhort. Seed one, an- gular. 1. Hydropiper. Water Pepper , or Arfmart. Stem erect, jointed, near two feet high. Leaves .alternate, long, narrow. Flowers red, in long fpikes, terminal. The whole plant acrid. July, Auguft. Annual. Banks of rivulets, ditches, &c. 2. Perficaria. Dead, or fpotted Arjmart. Stem generally procumbent. Leaves launce- fhaped, generally with a large black fpot in the middle, and downy beneath. Stipulae fringed. Flowers in fpikes, terminal. Auguft, September. Annual. In fields and wafte ground frequent. LITHRUiVT. Calyx cylindrical, with twelve teeth. Petals fix, inferted in the calyx. Capfule bilocular. Seeds many. I. HyfTopifolia. Grafs-poly, or fmall Hedge Hy/fip. Stalks ftriated, eight inches high. Leaves narrow, alternate. Flowers pale blue, in the alae of the leaves. In ponds, &c. but rare. Auguft, September. Annual. III. TRIGYNIA. Piftilla 3. RUMEX. Calyx of three leaves, reflex. Corolla of three leaves, connivent. Sta- mina fhort. Stigmata large, Seed one, H 2 triangular. 100 H E X A N D R I A. TRIGYNIA. triangular. Valves of the flower gra- niferous. Perennial. i. Sanguineus. Bloodwort. Stem three or four feet high. Leaves large, pointed, with red veins, on long red foot-ltalks. Flowers reddifh, in clufters, terminal. July. Biennial. In the woods near Hampftead. 2.. Crifpus. Curled Dock. Leaves launce-fhaped, waved, acute. June, July. In fields, high-roads, tkc. 3. Britannlca. Great Water-dock. Leaves very long, launee-fhaped. July, Auguft. In fens and ditches frequent. 4. Maritimus. Golden Dock. Leaves very nar- row, pointed. Flowers yellow, with indented valves. Among rubbifh, high- roads, ike. frequent. 5. Acutus. SL-Tp- pointed Dock. Leaves oblong, very fharp-pointed. June. In moiit woods, &c. 6. Obtufifolium. Broad-leaved Dock. Leaves broad, obtufe, notched at the end. Valve dentated. July, Auguft. In wet grounds. 7. Pulcher. Fiddle Dock. Lower leaves fhaped like a fiddle, that is, hollowed out at the fides. Valve dentated. Branches pro- cumbent. June. In dry ground. TRIGLOCHIN. Calyx and corolla each cf three leaves, obtufe, concave, fimi- lar, deciduous. Stamina very fnort. Styles o. Stigmata reflex, feathered. Seeds fingls. 1. Pa-luftrc* HEXANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. (Or j- Paiuftre. Arrow-headed Grafs. Culm fimple* eight or ten inches high. Leaves long> narrow. Flowers greenifh, in a long fpike, terminal. Capfule trilocular, oblong. July, Auguft. In moift ground frequent. 2. Maritiinum. Sea Spiked Grafs. Culm fhort- Leaves numerous, long, narrow, femi- cylindrical. Spike long. Flowers pur- plifh. Capfule fexlocular, oval. COLCHICUM. Calyx o. Corolla fex- partite j tube angular ; fegments con- cave, erect. Germen within the root. Antherae quadrivalve. Capfule trilocu- lar. Seeds feveral, wrinkled. I. Autumnalis. Meadow Saffron. Stem o. Leaves large, launce-fhaped, erect, generally perifh before the flower appears. Flower purplifh white, and large, of fix petals rather than fexpartite. Root bulbofe. V. POLYGYNIA. Piftilla more than 5. ALISMA. Calyx of three leaves, con- cave, permanent. Corolla of three leaves, large, roundifii, fpreading. Capfules compreired. Seeds fingle, final 1. I. Plantago. Great JVater Plantain. Stem fingle, about two feet high, with many branches at the top. Radical leaves oval, fharp- pointed, intire, on long foot-ftalks. H 3 Flowers 1X32 HEXANDRIA. POLYGYRIA. Flowers reddifh white. Fruit triangu- lar. June. Banks of rivers, &c. fre- quent. 2. Darnafonium. Star-headed Water . Plantain. Stem about eight inches high, much branched, inclining leaves oblong, on foot-ftalks. Flowers white, fingle, hexagynia, on pedicles, in clufters. Fruit hexangular. June — September. In ftagnant water. 3. Natans. Creeping Water Plantain. Stem creeping. Leaves fomewhat oval, ob- tufe ; others long and narrow. Flowers fingle, on pedicles. Auguft. In lakes, &c. 4. Ranuculoides. Le/s Water Plantain. Stem ere<5t, about a foot high. Leaves long, narrow. Flowers bluifh white, on fin- gle pedicles. Fruit round and rough. June — Auguft. Not common. CLASS HEPTAXDRIA. U OXOG Y N I A. IC$ CLASS VII. HEPTANDRIA. Stamina 7. MONOGYXIA. Piftillum 1. TRIEN TALIS. Calyx of leven lea Corolla of one petal, in leven fegments. Berry unilocular, dry. Seeds few, ....- gular. I. Europsa. Cbtckveedli t Stalk (len- der, five or fix inches high, naked t;> the top, near which there are fix or {even Iaunce-ihaped leases. F iteilate, white, tingle, on long pedicles, terminal. June. In wjoJs. &rc. i.i the northern cou H 4 CLASS 104 ©CTANDRIA. MONOGYNTA. CLASS VIII. O C T A N D R I A. Stamina 8. I. MONOGYNIA. Piftillum i. EPILOBIUM. Calyx quadrifid, above the germen. Corolla of four petals, regular. Capfule long, cylindrical, quadrilocular. Seeds numerous, downy. Receptacles very long, angular, flexile, coloured. 1. Anguftifolium. Rofebay Willow-herb. Stem reddifh, erect, firm, four or five feet high. Leaves long, narrow, fertile, irregular, numerous. Flowers red, on pedicles, in long fpikes ; ftamina and piftillum inclining. July, Auguft. Perennial, Woods and hedges. 2. Hirfutum. Hairy Willow-herb. S tern branch- ed, three or four feet high. Leaves oppofite, decurrent, Jaunce-fhaped, fer- rated, hairy. Flowers red, terminal ; petals bifid. July. Perennial. On the banks of rivulets, &c. frequent. 3. Montanum. Smooth-leaved Willow-herb. Stem branched, three or four feet high, very foft to the touch. Leaves oppofite, oval, indented, fmooth. Flowers fmall, red, ©CTANDRIA. MONOCYNIA. 105 red ; petals bifid, numerous, terminal. June, July. Biennial. In moift mea- dows. 4. Tetragonum. Narrow-leaved Willow-herb, Stem fquare. Leaves oppofite, narrow, indented, fmooth. Spike inclining. Flowers red, petals bifid. July. Pe- rennial. On the banks of rivulets, ditches, &c. 5. Paluftre. Marjh Willow-herb. Stem erec"r, round. Leaves long, narrow, oppofite, intire, fmooth. Flowers numerous, large, red ; petals bifid. July. Fens, &c. 6. Alpinum. Mountain Willow-herb. Stem fcarce a foot long, creeping. Leaves fome- ~what oval, pointed, oppofite, intire. Flowers few, fmall, light purple, bifid. Pods feffile. July. Northumberland, in rivulets. VACCINUM. Calyx minute, quadri- tlentate, above the germen, permanent. Corolla generally quadriftd. Filament; inferted in the receptaculum. Style longer than the ftamina. Eerry qua- drilocular, with many angular feeds. 1, Myrtillus. Black Worth Berries^ or Bilberries. A fmall fhrub. Stem angular, branched. Leaves oval, ferrated, deciduous. Fi ewers red dim white, on finglepedides, pendulous. Fruit bluifh black, fmall. April. In woods, heaths, &c. 2. Uliginofum. Great Bilberry Bujl). A fhrub about two feet high. Leaves oval, in- tire, fringed at the bale, deciduous. Flowers 106 O C T A N D R I A. M O N O G Y N i A. • Flowers fingle, purplifh white. Fruit bluifli black, larger than the lait. April, May. In the north. 3^ Vitis idaea. Red Worth Berries. An eyer-r green fhrub. Stern inclining. Leaves oval, narroweft near the foot-ftalk, in- tire, fpotted on the under-ftde. Flowers reddifh white, in pendulous clufters. Berries red. April, May. In the mountainous parts of the northern counties. 4. Oxycoccus. Crane Berries. An ever- green fhrub. Stem very (lender, creeping, naked. Leaves intire, oval, curled. Flowers reddifh white, on pedicles. Fruit red. May, June. On moors in the northern counties. ERICA. Calyx of four leaves, coloured, permanent. Corolla campanulate, quadrifid. Filaments inferted in the receptacle. Capfule quadriiocular, quadrivalve. Seeds numerous, minute. Slender fhrubs. * Anther ee with tzuo horns. 1. Vulgaris. Common Heath or Ling. Stem /len- der, brown, woody, one or two feet high. Leaves imbricated, covering the Hem in a quadruple feries. Flowers purplifh, in fpikes, terminal ; corolla like the calyx, unequal. June — Sep^ tember. On heaths frequent. 2. Cinerea. Fine-leaved Heath. Stem fimple, woody \ bark r.fh colour. Leaves nar- row, OCTANDRIA. MONOGVNIA. IO7 row, fmooth, in triple feries. Flowers crimfon, pendulous, in terminal fpik.es. 3. Tetralix. Crofs-leaved Heath. Leaves qua- druple, hairy, fpreading. Corolla nearly globofe, aggregate, longer than the calyx. July, Auguft. On mo ill heaths. ** Anther a fimple^ obtafe, notched. 4. Ciliaris. Rough -leaved Heath. Leaves triple, hairy, feflile, fpreading, acute, reflex. Corollas irregular, oval, large, in ter- minal, triple whirls. June. On heaths. 5. Multiflora. Fir-leaved Heath. Leaves nar- row, quintuple. Flowers numerous ; corollae campanulate, long. June, July. Heaths in Cornwall. 6. Daboecii. Irijh Worts. Stem woody, branched, hairy, brown. Leaves oval, alternate, fub-feflile, curled at the edges, white and downy on the under fide. Flowers large, in long terminal bunches. Ire- land. Huds. 143. DAPHNE. Calyx o. Corolla of one petal, funnel-fhaped ; tube cylindrical, imperforate ; limb quadrihd ; fegments acute, fpreading. Stamina very fhort, inferted in the tube. Style very fhort. Beflry unilocular, with a Tingle feed. I. Mezereurri. Spur£ Olive. A ftrong flmib, four or five feet high, Fowers feflzle, round the Item, pale red, appear before the leaves, which are launce-fhaped, f.nooth, crowning the tops of the branches. March. In woods near Andover. 2. Lau- 108 OCTANDRIA. DICYNIA. 2. Laureola. Spurge Laurel. An ever-green fhrub, four or five feet high. Leaves on the tops of the branches, numerous, launce-fh:;ped, fmooth. Flowers from the alaj of the leaves, yellowiih green, fmall, on pedicles. March, April. In woods. II. DIGYNIA. Piftilla 2. GENTIANA. Calyx oftifid. Corolla of one petal, o£tifid, length of the calyx, without tube. Styles o. Cap- fule oblong, pointed, unilocular, bi- valve. Seeds numerous, fmall. I. Perfoliata. Yellow Centaury. Stem about two feet high, at the top branched and fub- divided. Leaves perfoliate, united at the bafe, launce-fhaped, intire. Flow- ers yellow, in loofe clufters, terminal. July. Annual. In high paftures. III. TRIGYNIA. Piftilla 3. POLYGONUM. Calyx o. Corolla 5-partite, refemblkiga calyx. Stamina and piftilla very mort. Seed one, an- gular. J. Biftorta. Great BiJJort, or Snakeweed. Stem fimple, round, {lender, jointed, near two feet high. Lower leaves on foot- ftalks, oval, whitifh on the under-fide ; upper OCTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. IC9 upper leaves narrower, lurrounding th^ item at their bafe. Flowers pale red, in one fhort thick fpike. May, June- In wet meadows. s 2. Viviparum. Small Bijlort or Snakeweed. Stem fimple, flender, jointed, iix or eight inches high. Radical leaves broad, the reft long, narrow. Flowers whitilh, on a fingle thin fpike. June. In high paf- tures in the north. 3. Penfylvanicum. Pale Arfmart. Stem with many branches, angular. Leaves launce- fhaped, pointed, with a rough longitu- dinal ridge on the under-fide. Flowers on rough glutinous pedicles, in loofe fpikes. Auguft. Annual. In fields and wafte ground frequent. 4. Maritimum. Sea Knot- grafs. A fhrubby ever- green. Leaves oval, thick, whitifh be- neath. Flowers white, quatern, in the aire of the leaves. July. Perennial. On the coaft. 5. Aviculare. Knot-grafi. Stem herbaceous, procumbent, branched. Leaves launce- ihaped, but various. Flowers reddifh white, in the aire of the leaves. June — September. Annual. In fields, &c. frequent. 6. Convolvulus. Black Bindweed. Stem weak, voluble, ftriated. Leaves heart-fhaped, finale, diilant. Flowers whitifh, in loofe clullers, from the aire of the leaves. Seed triangular. June. Septem- ber, IIO OCTANDRIA. TETRAGYNIA. bcr. Annual. In corn-fields, &c. frequent. y. Fagopyruin. Buck-wheat, or Brank. Stem iingle, erecl:, branched, about two feet high. Leaves heart-fhaped, pointed, on pedicles. Flowers purplifh white, on pedicles, in loofe fpikes. July, Au- guft. Annual. In corn-fields, &c. frequent, though not a native. IV. TETRAGYNIA. Piftilla 4. PARIS. Calyx of four leaves. Petals four. Berry quadrilocular. Seeds nume- rous. I. Quadrifolia. Herb Paris, True-love, or One- berry. Stem fingle, fimple, about ten inches high. Leaves oblong, four or five, near the top. Flower green ifh white, fingle, terminal. Berry bluifli black. May, June. In woods. ADOXA. Calyx bifid. Corolla qua- diihd, orquinquifid, above the germen. Berry quadrilocular, between the calyx and corolla. I. Mofchateliina. Tuberous Mofchatel, or Mu/k JVood Crowfoot. Stalk fmooth, flende'r, about four inches high, with a pair or" lobed leaves in the middle, on ihort foot-flanks. Flowers terminal, five, yel- 'OCTANDRBA. TETRAGYNIA. lit vellowifh green. Berries green. April, May. Jn woods. ELATINE. Calyx of four leaves. Pel tals four. Capfule quadrilocular, qua- drivalve, deprelfed. Seeds many. I. Alfinaftrum. Watcrvuort. Leaves long; and very narrow, in whirls, Auguit. In ditches. CLASS 112 ENNEANDRIA. HEXAGYN1A, CLASS IX. ENNEANDRIA. Stamina 9. HEXAGYNIA. Piftilla 6. t BUTOMUS. Calyx 0. Petals fix, Capfules fix. Seeds many. I. Umbellatus. Flowering Rujh> or Water Gla- dicle. Stem round, thick, naked, about two feet high. Radical leaves nume- rous, long, narrow. Flowers reddifh white, in a kind of umbel, terminal. June. Rivers, ditches, &c. CLASS DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA, If J CLASS X. DECANDRIA. Stamina 10. I. MONOGYNIA. Piftillum i. MOIN^TROPA. Calyx o. Petals ten, ferrated at the top, deciduous ; the ex- terior five gibbous, melliferous. Cap- fule oval, pentangular, quinquevalve. Seeds numerous, chaffy. N. B. This defcription refpe£ts the terminal flower only ; the lateral flowers have only eight ftamina, &c. I. Hypopithis. Bird's Neji. Stalks twilled, naked, except a tew Jooie membranes, eight or ten inches high. Flowers yel- low. The whole plant fmells like prim- rofe roots. July. Perennial. In woods, but rare. ANDROMEDA. Calyx with five feo-- ments. Corolla oval, of one petal, quinquifid, refiex. Capfule quinque- locular, quinquevalve. Seeds nume- rous, poliihed I. Polifolia. Marjh C[(lus, or JFild Rofemary. Stem fhort, branched. Leaves narrow, Vol. If. I curvsi 124 DECANDRIA. MOKOGlf KIA. curved at the edges, and alternate Flowers reddifh, on pedicles, in clufters. April, May. On turf-bogs in the north. ARBUTUS. Calyx minute, quinque- partite, permanent. Corolla of one petal, oval, quinquifid, reflex. Berry quinquelocular. Seed fmall, hard. 1. Unedo. Common Strawberry-tree. A fhrub. Stem erect. Leaves fmooth, ferrated. Flowers.whjte, Berries red, with many feeds. In the weft of Ireland. 2. Alpina. Mmiriiain Stravuberry-tr;e. . Stem pro- cumbent, about a foot long. Leaves rough, ferrated. Fruit large, bluifb, blacic In the north. 3. Uva Urfi. Permnial leaved Arbutus. Stems woody, numerous, diffufe, procumbent. Leaves oval, intire. Flowers white, on pedicles, in clufters, with a purple calyx. JVeilii Nortkutnb. p. 148. PYROLA. Calyx minute, in five Ceg- ments, permanent. Petals five, roundifh, concave, fpreading. Capfule quinque- locular, opening at the angles. I. Rotundifolia. Common Winter-green. Stem fingle, fimple, about fix inches high. Radical leaves fmooth, roundim, on very long foot-ftalks. Flowers white, bell- fhaped, on flender pedicles, in a fhort thin fpike ; ftamina afcending ; piltil- lum declined. June, July. \v\. woods, chiefly in the north. 2. Minor. DECANDRIA. DIGYNIA. if 5 2. Minor. Lffs Winter-green. Stem about four inches high. Leaves generally Ierrated. Spike compact ; flowers reddiih white ; ftamina and piftillum erect. Auguft. With the laft. 3. Secunda. Tender Winter-green. Stalk ilender, about fix inches high, with a fpike oa one fide only. Leaves pointed, Ierrated. June. In woods in the north. "II. DIGYNIA. Piftilla 2. CHR.YSOSPLENIUM. Calyx above the germen, in four or five fegments, coloured, fpreading. Corolla 0. Sta- mina in the lateral flowers, generally but eight, very fhort. Capiule with a double beak, unilocular, bivalve, with feveral fmall feeds. X- Alterni folium. Alternate-leaved golden Saxi- frage. Stalk five or fix inches long. Leaves roundiih, hairy, notched round the edges, on long foot-ftalks, pale green. Flowers on fhort pedicles, in fmall clufters, terminal, bright gold co_ lour. April. In woods in the north. 2. Oppofitifolium. Common golden Saxifrage. Leaves roundiih, on lhort foot-ltalks, oppofite. Flowers gold colour, in the alse of the leaves, very fmall. Stalks weak, four inches high. April. In woods near Hampftead, Sec. SAXIFRAGA. Calyx fmall, in five acute fegments. Corolla of five petals, I z fpreading. 1 l6 DECAKDSIA. D I G Y N I A. Spreading. Capfule with two beaks, unilocular, opening between the points. Seeds numerous, fmall. * Leaves undivided. " Stalks naked. 1. Stellaris. Hairy Kidney-wort. Stalks fimple. Leaves oblong, indented at the end, hairy. Flowers white, petals pointed, with a femilunar yellow fpot near the bafe, in a loofe terminal fpike. June, July. Perennial. On high mountains near water. 2. Nivalis. Mountain Sengreen. Radical leaves oval, notched, on fhort foot-ftalks, fpread in tufts upon the ground. Stalk fimple, about a foot high, bearing a roundifh fpike of white flowers ; petals acute, fpotted. June. On the Welch mountains. ** Leaves undivided. Stem bearing leaves. 3. Oppoiuifblia. Mountain Heath-like Sengreen. Stem creeping; branches numerous, fhort, procumbent. Leaves oval, oppo- fite, quadruple, imbricated, fringed. Flowers blue, fingle ; calyx hairy, pur- ple. April, iMay. Perennial. Among rocks, on high mountains. 4. Autumnalis. Autumnal Sengreen. Stalks fe- veral, fimple, about a foot high. Ra- dical leaves in tufts, prickly at the edges ; thofe on the fialk narrow, alternate, fringed. Flowers yellow, fpotted, on long pedicles, from the alae of the upper leaves. July, Augufr. On turf-bogs in Chefhire, &cc. c. Aizoides. D E C A K D R I A. D I G Y N I A. \fj 5. Aizoides. Yellczv Mountain Sengreen. Differs from the lalt in the Item being procum- bent, the leaves not fringed, and grow- ing lefs regularly alternate on the item. Auguft. On the fides of mountains in the north. *** Leaves lobed. Stem erect. 6. Granulata. White Sengreen^ or Saxifrage. Root granulated. Stem a foot high, branched, with few leaves, alternate. Radical leaves reniform, lobed, on long pe- dicles. Flowers large, white, in fhort loofe fpik.es ; calyx hairy. May. In dry meadows, &c. •j. Trida&ylites. Rue-leaved Sengreen., or TFilmv- grafs. Stem fmall, branched, hairy, clammy, often red. Leaves alternate, wedge-fhaped, trifid, hairy ; the lower ones on long foot-fvalks. Flowers white, fingle, on pedicles, from the alee of the leaves. April. Annual. In wafte ground, on walls, &c. 8. Caefpitofa. Small Mountain Sengreen. Radical leaves numerous, narrow, fome intire, others bifid or triad, in a thick tuft on the ground. Stem almoft naked, about three inches high, bearing two or three grecnifh white flowers. Auguff. Pe- rennial. On the mountains in West- moreland, &c. •**** Leaves lobed. Stem proeumbent. 9. Hipnoidcs. Trifid Sengreen. Stem about fix in- ches high, much branched, clammy, reddifh. Leaves narrow, trifid, clammy, on pedicles. Flowers ^richifh white. I 3 April, Il8 D5CANDRJA. DIGYVIA. April, May. On mountains in the northern counties. SCLERANTHUS. Calyx tubular, quin- quifid. Corolla o. Stamina minute. Capfule oval, minute, in the neck of the calyx. Seeds two. 1. Annuus. German Knct-grafs, ot Knawel. Stem branched, procumbent. Leaves long, narrow, oppofite. Calyx of the fruit fpreading. Flowers greenifh, in the alae of the leaves, fmall. Auguft. An- nual. In corn-fields, &c. 2. Perennis. Perennial Knawel. Stem fhorter, and flowers larger than the laft. Calyx of the fruit fhut. Flowers in terminal bunches. Leaves hoary. Auguft. In fandy corn-fields. SAPONARIA. Calyx of one leaf, tu, bular, with five teeth, permanent, ge- nerally burfting on one fide. Corolla of five petals, unguiculate. Capfule the length of the calyx, covered, unilocu- lar, cylindrical. Seeds feveral, fmall. X. Officinalis. Sopewort. Stem branched, about two feet high. Leaves elliptical, long, pointed, with three longitudinal ribs, firm, fmooth, oppofite. Flowers white or reddifh, in umbels terminating the branches. July, Auguft. In hedges, &c. DIANTHUS. Calyx of one leaf, cy- lindrical, tubular, ftriateu, with five teeth, and four fcales round the bafe. Corolla of five petals, with ungues as Ions D £ C A N D ■ A I A. D I C Y N I A. f T<^ long as the calyx. Styles longer than the ltamina. Capfule cylindrical, co- vered, unilocular. 1. Armeria. Deptfcrd Pink. Stem jointed, above a foot high. Leaves in -pairs, pointed, broad. Flowers red, in the alx of the . leaves, aggregate, in clutters ; lcales of the calyx hairy, Iaunce-fhaped ; petals pointed, jaggeJ. July. Annual. In meadows, 5cc. 2. Prolifer. Limezvort. Stem , branched, not quite a foot high. Leaves oppofite, long, narrow. Flowers fmall, red, ag- gregate, in roundifli heads ; fcales of the calyx oval, obtufe, longer than the tube. Augult. Annual. Rare. 3. Deltoides. Maiden Pink. Stem branched, part procumbent, part eredt, fix or feven inches high. Leaves oppofite, oblong. Flowers bright red, Tingle, terminal ; petals notched. June — September. Perennial. In meadows, heaths, &c. 4-. Glaucus. Mountain Pink. Stem branched. Scales of the calvx Iaunce-fhaped, fhort. Flower white. Corolla notched. July. Perennial. On mountains. 5. Arenarius. Stone Pink. Stem with a fingle flower. Scales of the calyx obtufe Flower red, hairy ; petals multihd. Leaves narrow. July. Perennial. In dry paltures, &c. but rare. III. T R I- 120 DECANDRJA- TR.IGYNIA. III. TRIGYNIA. Piftilla 3. CUCUBALUS. Calyx inflated, with five teeth, permanent. Corolla of five regular, bifid, unguiculated petals, not crowned by a ne£tarium. Capfule co^ vered, pointed, trilocular. Seeds many, Leaves oppofite. 1. Bacciferus. Berry-bearing Chickweed. Stem weak, procumbent, branched, forked. Leaves at the joints, in pairs, oval, pointed- Calyx campanulate. Flow-» ers fmall, white ; petals diftant from each other. Pericarpium like a berry, co- loured. July, In hedges in the Ifle of Man. 2. Behen. Bladder Campion, or White Corn- campion. Stem about two feet high, jointed, branched, procumbent. Leaves ifnooth, oval, pointed at the joints, oppofite, pale. Flowers white, on foot- ftalks, fingle. Calyx globofe, white, fmooth, reticulate. July. In corn- fields, &c. 3. Vifcofus. Dover Campion. Stem undivided, fomewhat clammy. Leaves broad, op- pofite, hairy, refkx at the bafe. Flowers white ; lateral flowers decumbent ; they expand only in the night. July. On Dover Cliffs, Sec, oiL^NE. , Calyx bellying, with five rftth, pennan.en.ti* Corolla of five re-^ gular, >£CANDRrA*. TRICYNIA. 121 gular, bifid, unguiculated petals, crowned by a nectarium. Capfule cylindrical, covered, trilocular. Seeds many. Leaves oppoiite. I* Anglica. F mall Corn Campion ox Catchfy. Stem vveak, hairy, above a foot high. Leaves oblong, in pairs at the joints. Flowers fmall, white, intire, on pedicles from the alas of the leaves, erect, alternate, fingle, lateral'. June, July. Annual. In corn-fields. . % Nutans. Nottingham Catchfy. Stem about two feet high, firm. Radical leaves broad, obtufe, in a tuft ; thofe on th * item narrow, acute. Flowers white, in lateral panicles; petals bifid, curled} calyx long, bellying a little, with ten longitudinal ftriae. Tune, July. Pe- rennial. In high paltures, kc. 3. Amoena. Sea Campion. Stem two or three feet long, {lender, procumbent, branch- ed alternately, Leaves long, narrow. Flowers white, on oppoiite pedicles, three on each, in unilateral bunches. Calyx 10-angular, hairy, purpiilh. Auguft. On the fouth coalL 4. Conoid ea. Greater Corn Catchfy- , or Campion, Leaves narrow, foft. Calyx conical, v.ith thirty ftria?. Flowers from the divarications of the Hem ; petals intire. In corn-fields. 5. No6tiflora. Night-jlowering Catchfy. Stem about two feet high, forked. Calyx 10- angular, fomewhat clammy, ovaj, with Jcnger teeth than the other fpeciesj petals 122 D£CANDRIA. TRrCTYNIA. petals reddilh white. July. In corn- fields. 6. Anrieria. Broad-leaved Catclfy. Stem about eighteen inches high, erect, with few branches. Leaves lmooth, feflile, b^batfc at the bafe. Flowers terminal, in faf- tigiate bundles, fmall, red. Auguft. Annual* On the banks of rivers. 7^ Acaulis. Mofs Campion. Radical leaves fpread on the ground like a tuft of mofs. Stalks about an inch long, naked, bear- ing each a fingle purple flower. Jwly. • On mountains in Wales,, he. . i STELLARIA. Calyx of five leaves, fpreading, permanent. Corolla of five petals, each in two fegments. Capfule oval, covered, unilocular, fexvalve. Seeds feveral. I. Nemorum. Broad-leaved Stitchwort. Stem- not quite erect, fimple. Leaves op- pofite, broad at the bafe, wavdd round the edges, pointed, on foot-ftalks. Flowers terminal, in loofe panicles, white. July, Auguft. In woods, banks of rivers, &c. in the north. :, Rolofrea. Greater Stitcbzvort. Stalks nu- merous, ilender, jointed, near two feet long. Leaves oppofitc, harfh, launce- thaped, flightly ferrated. Flowers white, numerous. April, May. In woods and hedges frequent. :, Graminea. Lefs Stitcbwort. Stem more firm than the laft, and not quite a foot high. Leasts narrower, oppohte, intire. Flow- ers 1 24 DELANO?. I A. TRIGVNIA. lit with leaves. Leaves narrow, point- ed. Flowers Tingle, on pedicles, in terminal panicles. Petals ihorter than the calyx. Capfulcs erecL June, July. On walls, &c. but rare. 6. Laricifolia. Larch-leaved Cbichvced. Rcct woody. Stalks lev era], almott naked at the top, fix inches high. Leaves in bundles, like bridles, but foft. Flowers fingle, terminal, large. Calyx hairy. Augulr.. On the mountains in the north. .7. Rubra. Purfh'-ffiwtred. Chkkwccd, or Sparry. Stalks numerous,- weak, jointed, three or four inches high. Leaves narrow, with ■mcmbi uncus paginal ltipula:. Flowers purple, on pedicles, iinglc. June, July. Annual. In corn-fields, and on the coall. IV. PENTAGYNIA. Piftilla 5. COTYLEDON. Calyx fiftkll, quin- quifid, acute. Corolla of one petal, beH-ftil ped. qumqaificj. Gcrmina five, wir;-. a nttfbiriferous fcale at the bafe of each. Capfulcs five, oblong, univalve, [ te .., Uvcra!. I. Umoili-'us. N:m/ttvv,-t, Kidncywvi^ or Wall Pcii'iyivvi. Stem about fix inches long, branched. Radical leaves round, an inch in diameter, not hed round the (.:. .., 'i i«fn_g foe tttuiks, fixed in the center of .he leaf. Flowers yeliowifh, in D«ECAtfDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 12^ ers in loofe panicles, white. July. In mol'A ground frequent. ARENARIA. Calyx of five leaves, fpreading, permanent. Corolla of five petais, intire, oval. Capfuie unilocu- lar, covered, oval, opening at the top in five parts. Seeds many. Leaves op- pofite. 1^ Pcploides. Sea Chickzv:ed. Stalks fhort, nu- merous, fpreading on the ground, thick fet with leaves, oppofite, oval, pointed, thick. Floweis fmall, white. Cap- fuie large. June, July. On the couft frequent. 2. Trinervia. Plantain- leaved Chickweed. Stem about fix inches high, numerous, weak. Leaves oval^ pointed, with three lon- gitudinal ribs, on foot-ftalks. Flowers white, on pedicles. May. Annual. In moift woods and hedges frequent. 3. Serpylli folia. Leajl Chickweed. Stalks nume- rous, branched, about three inches high. Leaves feflile, oval, pointed. Flowers white, numerous, terminal ; petals in- tire. May, June. Annual. On walls and fandy ground frequent. 4. Saxatilis. Mountain Chickweed. Stalks nume- rous, much branched, about three in- ches long. Leaves narrow, linear, clofe. Flowers on pedicles, fingle, in terminal panicles, or umbels. Auguft. In the mountainous parts of the kingdom. 5. Tenuifolia. Fine-leaved Chickweed. Stalks branched, procumbent or erecl, thick fet DECANDRJA. PENTAGYSfA. 12$ in long fpikes. May— -July. Peren- nial. On old walls, &c. but rare. SEDUM. Calyx quinquifid, acute. Corolla of five petals, pointed, fpread- ing. Germina five, oblong, with a nec- tariferous fcale at the bafe of each. Capfules five. Seeds many, fmall. Telephium. Orpine, or Live-long. Stem near two feet high, erecl, thick fet with ob- long ferrated leaves, which, with the ftem, are bluifh green, fucculent, and often reddifh. Flowers large, purple, in terminal leafy bunches. Auguft. In paftures, &c. Dafyphyllum. Round-leaved Stonecrop. Stem weak. Leaves oval, thick, obtufe, op- pofite. Flowers white, fcattered. July*. Annual. On walls, &c. Reflexum. Yellow Stonecrop, or Prick-madam. Stalks fome procumbent, others cre&, often red. Upper branches curved. Leaves numerous, fcattered, thick, end- ing in a fharp point, with a loofe mem- brane at the bafe. Flowers yellow, in bunches, terminal. On walls, &c. fre- quent. Rupeftre. St. Vincent's Rock Stonecrop. Stem procumbent. Leaves thick, narrow, pointed, with loofe membranes at the bafe, numerous, five together. Flowers^ yellow, in bunche3, terminal. Auguli. On rocks, &c. Album. White-flower td Stonecrop. Leaves thick, numerous, obtufe. Flowers white, in branched 126 DECANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA. branched bunches, terminal. June, July. On walls, ice. frequent. 6. Acre. Wall Stonecrop, or Pepper. Stalks weak, three or four inches high, thick let with thick, oval, pointed leaves, alternate. Flowers yellow, in trifid bunches, ter- minal. June. On walls, &c. fre- quent. 7. Sexangulare. Infipid Stonecrop. Leaves oval, feffile, gibbous, imbricated, fix toge- ther. Branches not numerous. Flow- ers yellow, generally three on each branch of the duller. July. Biennial. In dry meadows. 8. Annuum. Mountain Stonecrop. Stem fingle, erect, but weak. Leaves oval, feflile, gibbons, whitilh, alternate. Flowers white, or mixed with red, on curved branches. Not acrid. Auguft. An- nual. 9. Villofum. Marjh Stonecrop. Stalks erect, about lix inches high, fotne fmooth, others hairy. Leaves not very thick, obtufe. Flowers pale red, with a pur- ple line, on hairy pedicles, in clufters, terminal. June. Annual. On moun- tains in the north. OXALIS. Calyx of five leaves, or parts. Corolla of five petals, adhering to each other by their claws. Exterior itamiim fhorteft. Capfule pentangular, quinque- locular. I. Acetofella. Wood Sorrel. Root long, fcaly, jointed. Leaves heart-ihaped, three on each IXECANDRIA. PENTAGVNIA. 12"] each foot-ftallc. Flowers reddiih white, Tingle, on flender flalks or rather pedi- cles, April. In woods, &c. 2. Corniculata. Yellow-fiowend Wood Sorrel- Stem branched, diffufe, procumbent, creeping, reddifh. Leaves ternate, heart - fhaped, pale-green, about the fize of the nail of the little finger, on flender foot-ftalks near an inch long. Flowers yellow, on umbelliferous pedicles. Cap- fules long, pointed. May— -October. I am obliged to Mr. John Turner of Lympfton, near Exeter, for a fpecimen of this plant, who found it in feveral places in the neighbourhood of that city, and who, I believe, is the only perfon that has obferved it in thele kingdoms. ov AGROSTEMA. Calyx of one leaf, as long as the corolla, coriaceous, tubular, with five teeth. Petals five, with claws as long as the tube of the calyx, thread- ing, obtufe, intire. Capfule oval, co- vered, unilocular, quinquevalve. Seeds feveral, punctured. I.' Githaco. Cockle. Stem erect, branched., hairy, two feet hirrh. Leaves oppofite, lon», narrow, hairy, feflile. Flowers ter- minal, large, purple. June. Annual, In corn-fields. • LTCHNIS. Calyx tubular, fmooth, mem- branous, with five teeth. Corolla of five petals. Styles longer than the fta- mina. 128 DECANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA* mina. Capfule covered, oval, quin- qucvalve. Seeds feveral. 1. Flos Cuculi. Meadow Pink, or Cue kow- flower. Stem about two feet high, branched, ftriated, hollow. Leaves oppofite, long, narrow, feflile. Flowers red, large, terminal ; petals quadrifid. June. In moift meadows, &c. 2. Vifcaria. Red German Catchfly. Stem erec"r, fimple, clammy towards the top. Leaves oppofite, feflile, oblong, pointed. Flow- erB fmall, red, in clutters, terminal ; petals intire. May, June. In high grounds. CERASTIUM. Calyx of five leaves, fpreading. Petals hve, the length of the calyx, obtufe, bifid. Capfule uni- locular, with five teeth at the apex. Seeds many. Leaves oppofite, feflile. * Capfules oblong. 1. Vulgatum. Narrow-leaved Moufe-ear Chick- weed. Stalks jointed, branched, diffufe, about a foot high. Leaves hairy, oval, pointed. Flowers fmall, white in the alse of the upper leaves. June. An- nual. In meadows, &c. frequent. 2. Vifcofum. Broad-leaved Moufe-ear Chickweed- Stalks erect, hairy, clammy. Leaves hairy, obtufe. Flowers like the lair. April, May. Annual. In dry mea- dows, Sec. 3. Semidecandrium. Leajl Moufe-ear Chichvced. Stalks diffufe, branched, two inches high. DECAKDRIA. PENTACVNlA. ilgi high. Leaves hairy. Flowers white, fmail ; five of the ftamina have no an- therse. April. In meadows fre- quent. 4. Arvcnfe. Corn Moufe-ear Cbichveed. Stalks weak, in part procumbent, fix or eight- inches high, hairy. Leaves narrow, lmooth. Flowers large, white, in the alas of the branches, and at the top ; corolla longer thai! the calyx. May. In fields, &c. on gravel. 5. Alpimim. Mountain Moufe-ear Chickweed. Stalks numerous, procumbent, divided*. Leaves oval, pointed. Flowers large, white; petals longer than the calyx. June. * Capftdes roundijh. 6. Aquaticum. Marjl) Moufe-ear Chickzoeed. Stalks procumbent, a foot long. Leaves heart-fhaped. Flowers white, fingle j fruit pendulous. July. On the bank* of rivers. ' ?. Tomentofum. Hroolly Moufe-ear Chickweed* Leaves oblong, woolly. Flowers large, on branched pedicles. Capfule globofe. May. On the Welch mountains fre- quent. SPERGULA. Calyx of five leaves, concave, fpreading. Petals five, oval, concav«, fpreading, larger than the calyx, intire. Capfule oval, covered, unilocular; quinquevalve. Seeds feveral. Vol. II. K 1. Arven- *3° DECANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA, 1. Arvenfis. CornSpurry. Stalks erecl, jointed, branched towards the top. Leaves nar- row, in whirls round the joints. Flow- ers frhall, white, terminal. Auguft. Annual. Infields, on gravel. i ■ 2. Nodofa. Knotted Spurry, or Englijh Marjh Saxi- frage. Stalk fimple, procumbent, five inches long. Leaves fmooth, narrow, pointed, two larger at each joint, op- pofite. Flowers white, terminal. CLASS DODECANDRIA, MOVOCYNIA. I^f )l T CLASS XL D O D E C A N D R I. A. Stamina 12 to 20. I. MONOGYNIA. Fiitillum *i. ASARUM. Calyx quadrind, coloured above the germen. Corolla 0. Sta- mina ~nd piltilla half the length of the calyx. Sngma itellate. Gapfule cori- aceous, crowned. Seeds feveral. I. Europium. Jfaralaccx. Leaves reniform, an inch in diameter, i'mgle, on long fbot-ftalks, two together. Flowers iingle, purpliih, on fhort pedicles, from the root. ivLiy. In woods in Lanca- fhire, Sec. LITHRUM. Calyx cylindrical, with twelve teeth. Petals fix, infer ted in the calyx. Capfule bilocular. Seeds many. I. Saiicaria. P:r ;'.:-ft>iked Loofejirife, ox Willow- herb. Uem fquare, firm', branched, two feet high. Leaves long, pointed, two or three at each joint. Flowers in whirls, on long fpikes. July. ' On the banks of rivers. K 2 II. D I G Y- I32 DODECANDRIA. D1GYNIA. IL DIG YNI A. Piftilla 2. AGRIMONIA. Calyx with five teeth, furrounded by an exterior calyx. Petals- five. Seeds two, in the bottom of the calyx. I. Eupatoria. Agrimony. Stem ercSt, firm, hairy,, about two feet high. Leaves pinnated,, ferrated, alternate. Flowers yellow,. large, on a long, fiend er, terminal fpilce. Fruit rough. June. In fields and- hedges. III. TRIGYNIA. Piftilla 3. RESEDA. Calyx of one leaf, divided^ Petals irregular, jagged, fome of them trifid. Gapfule unilocular, open be-; tween the flyles. 1. Lutea. Bafe Rocket. Stalks numerous, /len- der, between one and two feet- high. Leaves trifid ; the lower pinnated. Flowers final 1, yellow, on fpikes, ter- minal. Petals four or fix.* July. An- nual. In fields, Sec. on a chalky foil. 2. Lutcola. Wild Wood, or Dyers Weed. Stalks feveral, fimple, about three feet high. Leaves launce-fhaped, intire, with a denticle on each- fide of the bafc. Flow- ers. ■DODECANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. I33 crs fmall, yellow, on long fpikes. Calyx quadrifid. Petals three or five ; the up- per one in fix fegments, the lide ones in three. Stamina near twenty. June. •Annual. Qn wafte ground frequent. EUPHORBIA. Calyx of one leaf, bel- lying, with four teeth. Corolla of four petals, alternate with the teeth of the calyx, thick, gibbous, truncated, their .claws fixed in the margin of the calyx. Stamina jointec]. Styles bifid. Capfule round ifh, trilocular. Seeds fingle. I. Peplis. S?nall Purple Sea Spurge. Stem branch- ed, procumbent, purplifh. Leaves pur- plifh, obtufe, oval,intire. Flowers fmall, yellow, in the alas of the leaves. June. Annual. On the Cornifh coaft. * Umbels trifd; partial umbels forked. I JPeplus. Petty Spurge. Stem much branched, eight or ten inches high. Leaves oval, intire, on pedicles. Flowers yellowifh green. July. Annual. A common weed in gardens. 3. £xigua. Dwarf Spurge. Stalks branched, -procumbent, three orfour inches long. Leaves, narrow, erect ; thofe immedi- ately under the umbels are broader and longer. Flowers yellow, fmall. July. In corn-fields. «** Umbels quinquifid; partial umbels forked. 4 Scgetalis. Corn Spurge. Stem numerous, erec"t. Leaves long, narrow, alternate ; thofe under the partial umbels broad, K 3 pointed, I34 DODECANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. pointed. Flowers fmall, yellow, on the top of the flem, and on fmall branches. Petals horned. July, Auguft. An- nual. In corn-fields. 5. Heliofcopia. Sun Spurge. Stem fingle, about a foot high, branched at the top. Leaves narrow at the bafe, broad and round at the end. Flowers greenifh yellow, ter- minal. July. Annual. In kitchen- gardens frequent. 6. Portlandica. Portland Spurge. Stem fome- what woody, fmooth, reddifli, fix or eight inches high. Leaves alternate, almoft feifile, narrow, pointed, fpread- ing. Involucclla broad, pointed, con- cave. Flowers yellow ; firft and fecond male, petals obtufe ; the reft herma- phrodite, petals horned. Auguft. On the coaft. 7. Paralias. Sea Spurge. Stem about half a yard high, intirely covered with oblong pointed leaves, imbricated. Flowers yel- lowifli green, in bifid, fubouinquifid. umbels. Involucellaoval. July, Au- guft. On the coaft frequent. $, Verrucofa. Rough-fruited Spurge. Leaves el- liptical, iomewhat hairy, and flightly ferrated. Involucellaheart-fhaped. Cap- fules intirely covered with warts. Au- guft. In corn-fields. 9. Plalyphvlla. Broad-leaved Spurge. Stem erect, fmooth, a foot high. Leaves alternate, remote, launce-fhaped, flightly ferrated, {tffi]c, the lower ones on fhort foot- ftalks, and broader at the end. Petals yellow-. DODECANDRI A. POLYGYRIA. 135 yellowifh, green. Capfules covered with fmaller warts than the laft. Partial um- bels bifid. Trifid umbels from the alas of the leaves. July. In corn-fields, but rare. * * * Umbels multifid. 10. Hyberna. Knotty-noted Spurge. Root tube- rous. Stalks funple. Leaves nume- rous, fliort, intirc. Umbels iexfid. Flowers yellowifb. Capfules warty. July. In corn-fields. 11. Amygdaloides. Wood Spurge. Radical leaves long, obtufe, downy on the under-fide, in a fpreading tuft j the other leaves el- liptical. Stalks three feet high, with flender branches, and flowers on long pedicles, from the alae of the leaves. Involucella round, perfoliate. Petals lunated. April. In corn-fields, &c. 12. Caracias. Red Spurge. A fhrub, four feet h;gh, reddifh. Leaves launce-fhaped, reddifh, downy on the under fide. Um- bels fmall, with numerous radii. Ge- neral involucrum of many leaves. In- volucella perfoliate, bifid. June. In woods, but rare. V. P O L Y G Y N I A. Styles feveral, SEMPERVIVUM. Cdyx in twelve fegments. Corolla of twelve petals. Capfules twelve. Seeds feveral. K 4 ,. Tec- 1^6 DODECANDRIA. POLY.GYNIA. .1. Tectorum. Houfleek. Stalk about a foot high. Radical leaves thick, oval, point- ed, fringed, fprcading in a role ; thofe on the item imbricated, membranous. Flowers pale red, feffile, on curved, ter- minal bunches. Juiy. Perennial. On the tops of houfes frequent. . CLASS ICOSANDRJA. • MONOGYNIA. I37 CLASS XII. I C O S A N D R I A. Calyx of one leaf> concave. Corolla fixed by its claws to the infide of the Calyx. Stamina twenty or more. I. MONOGYNIA. Piftillum 1. PRUNUS. Calyx quinquifid. Petals five, regular, round ifli, concave, fprcad- ing, large. Fruit a dritpa, containing a itone with prominent futures. J, Padus. TVrid CluJIer Cherry, or Bird's Cherry. A tall.fhrub. Leaves oblong, ferrated, deciduous, with two glands on the un- der-fide of the bafe. Flowers white, in large pendulous clufters. Fruit black. In woods and hedges in the mountain- ous parts of the north of England, ,■>., Cerafus. Black Cherry. A fmall tree. Leaves finooth, launce-fhaped, conduplicatc. Umbels fub-feffile. Stipulae indented, ikacku; trihd. In woods and hedges. 3. Avium. Comirion wild Cherry. A tree. Leaves iaunce-fhaped, downy beneath. Um- bels fcifile. Fruit red. April. In pods and hedges. 4, Infi- 1 38 ICOSANDRIA. DIGYNTA. 4. Infititia. Black and White Bullace. A fpinous fhrub. Leaves oval, pointed, downy beneath. Flowers from the alae of the leaves, on pedicles, two together. Fruit red or white. April. In hedges fre- quent. 5. Spinofa. Black Thorn, or Sloe. A fpinous fhrub. Leaves launce-fhaped, fmooth. Flowers from the alse of the leaves, on fingle pedicles. March, April. In hedges. II. DIGYNIA. Pin-ilia 2. CRATAEGUS. Calyx quinquifid. Co- rolla of five petals, regular Stamina about twenty. Berry, below the flow- er, flefhy, with two feeds. j. Aria. White Bean Tree. A tree ten or fifteen feet high. Leaves oval, irregularly ier- ratcd, downy beneath. Flowers in um- bels. Fruit red, fweet. May. In woods, , with hooked fpines. Leaves five or feven together, oval,, fmooth. Flowers pale red, odoriferous. Fruit large, fmooth, oval, red. May, June. In hedges. 5. Alba. JVkite Dzg-Rofe. Differs from the fail in being a lefs fhrub, with rounder fruit, aad white flowers. . , RUBUS. J42 1C0SANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. RUBUS. Calyx quinquifid. Petals five, inferted in the calyx. Fruit a berry, compofed of many fmall ones, with a fingle feed in each. 1. Idsus. Rafpberry Bufo. Stem (lender, erect, about fix feet high. Leaves fornewhat oval, pointed, white and downy on the under-fide, pinnated, five or three. Flowers white. Fruit red. May, June. In woods, &c. 2. Csfius. Small Bramble, or Dewberry-BuJJ). Stem {lender, fhort, prickly, procum- bent. Leaves ternatc. Flowers white, double. Fruit bluifh. June, July. In woods and hedges. 3. Fruticofus. Common Bramble. Stem long, creeping, fpinous. Leaves three or five, on a pedicle, ferrated. Flowers white!, Fruit black; May — October. In woods and hedges. 4. Saxatilis. Stone Bramble. Stem herbaceous, llender, fhort, creeping. Leaves ter- nate, not downy, notched round the edges, and fhaped like thofe of the elm. Flowers On fhort Dedicles. Fruit fine rGd, compofed of few but larger berries. June. On the fides of moun- tains in the norihern counties. FRAG ARIA. Calyx with ten fegments. Petals five. Receptacle of the feed a fucculent berry, deciduous. Seeds nu- merous, pointed. Leaves ternatc. I. Vefca. Strawberry. Stem fhort, hairy, erect. Leaves broad, krrured, whitish beneath. Ten- ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. 143 Tendrils creeping. Flowers fix or eight, large, white. May, June, In woods, &c. 2. Stcriljs. Barren Strawberry. Stern weak, creeping. Flowers fingie, white. Fruit downy, harfh, fcarce and fucculent. April, in barren paitures frequent. ■ POTENTILLA. Calyx with ten feg- ments. Petals live. Receptacle of the feed fmall, dry, permanent. Seeds nu- merous, roundifn. * Leaves pinnated. r. Fruticofa. Shrub Cirtquef oil. Stem- erect, woody, branched. Leaves-five or'fevcn on each foot-ftalk, downy beneath. Flowers large, yellow. June. In Yorkfhire. 1. Anferina. Silver-weed, or Wild Tanfey. Stem creeping. Leaves ferrated, Elver-white beneath. Flowers yellow, on pedicles. June, July. 3. Rup:ftris. Bajlard Cinquefoil. S tern. erect, two feet high, branched. Leaves alternate; pinnae oval, indented, five or feven, hairy. Flowers numerous, large, white. July. In Wales. * Leaves 5- fingered. 4. Argentea. Silver-leaved Cinquefoil. Stalks nu- merous, erect, hairy, fix or eight inches high. Leaves ferrated," hirer-white beneath. Flowers yellow. June. la paftures, &c. 5. Verna. 9pri*i£ Cinquefoil. Stem declining. Radical leaves 5 -lingered, ferrated, thole above 144 IC03ANDRIA. .POLYGYRIA* above ternate. Flowers yellow. May5 June. In barren paftures, &c. 6* Opaca. Small rough Cinqucfoil. Stalks weak> branched, procumbent, hairy. Radi- . . cal leaves 5- fingered, ferrated, hairy. Flowers large, yellow. June. In York- fhire, but rare. 7* Reptans. Common Cinqucfoil. Stem flender", creeping. Leaves oblong, ferrated* Flowers yellow, fingle. June. 8i Alba. White Cinquefoil. Stem procumbent* Leaves ferrated, and hollowed at the apex. Flowers fingle, white. Recep- tacle hairy. Auguit. In Wales* TORMENTILLA. Calyx o£fifid. Pe- tals four. Stamina not more than fix- teen. Seeds fix or eight, oblong, nak- ed, fixed to a fmall dry receptacle. I* Eredta. Tormentil, or Septfoil. Stem erec}, branch- ed, from three or four inches to a foot high. Leaves feflile, generally in fcven lobes, deeply divided, and ferrated* Flowers fmall, yellow ; petals heart- fhaped. June. In paftures frequent. 2. Reptans. Creeping Tormentil. Stalks reddifh, flender, creeping. Leaves fharply fer- rated, on fhortfoot-ftalks, and 5-lobed* Flowers numerous, yellow. July. In woods and barren paftures. &c. GEUM. Calyx with ten fegments. Pe- tals five, rounded. Receptacle of the feed oblong, hairy. Seeds numerous, with each a long jointed ftyle. 1. Urba- rCOSAN'DRIA, POLYGYNIA. T45 I. Urbanum. Common Avens, or Herbbaimt. Stem erec"t, branched, two or three feet high. Leaves pinnated ; the fide pinnae gradually increailng in fize as they ap- proach that at the extremity, which is much larger, rounded, and acutely fer- rated. Flowers yellow, terminal, ereiSt. Fruit roundifh, hairy, the fize of a nut. June, July. In woods and hedges. 2. Rivale. Water Averts. Stem about a foot high, branched at the top. Leaves ly- rated like the laft, but the extreme pin- nae trilobed. Flowers numerous, pur- ple, drooping j petals rolled up cylin- drically. Fruit oblong. Style of the feed downy. July. On the northern and Welch mountains. DRYAS. Calyx with five or eight feg~ ments, linear, obtufe. Petals five or eight, notched, fpreading. Seeds nu- merous, with each a long downy ftyle. 1. Pentapetala. Cinquefoil Avens. Stem about a foot high. Leaves pinnated. Flowers yellow j petals five. In Scotland. 2, O&opetala. Mountain Avens. Stem forne^ what woody, about fix inches long. Leaves fimple, oval, harfh, ferrated, hoary beneath. Flowers fingle, large, v/hite, on hairy pedicles. July. On the mountains in Ireland. COMARUM. Calyx in ten fegments, coloured, large. Petals five, much fhorter than the calyx, pointed. Sta- VoL. II. L mina I46 ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. mina about twenty. Receptacle fpongy, permanent. Seeds numerous, pointed, covering the receptacle. 1. Paluftre. Purple Marjb Cinquefoll. Stem part- ly procumbent ; the part which is erect, is about one foot and a half high. Leaves pinnated. Flowers fingle, ter- minal, large, purple 5 petals fmall, -June. On bogs, &c. - . . CLASS I»OLYAN'DRlA. MONOGYSIA. 1 47 1 CLASS XIII. P O L Y A N D R I A. Stamina numerous •, but wanting the other charadteriftics of the preceding Oafs. I. MONOGYNIA. Piftillum 1. NYMPHiEA. Calyx of four or five leaves, large. Petals many. Style o. Berry hard, multilocular, truncated, filled with pulp. 1. Lutea. Telloxv Water Lilly. Root very thick and long. Leaves large, heart-fhaped, fingle, on long foot-ftalks, floating on the furface of the Water. Flowers yel- low, fingle, on long pedicles, floating ; calyx of five leaves. Auguft. In flow rivers, pools, &c. a. Alba. IVhiu Water Lilly. Flowers white; calyx of four leayes : otherwife much like the laft. July. In rivers, ponds, &c. * Petals 4. ACTjEA. Calyx of four leaves, decidu- ous. Petals pointed at each end, deci- duous. Style o. Berry unilocular, fmooth. Seeds femilunar, in a double rfcw. L 2 T. Spicata, J48 PO-LYA^KD-RI A. MaKOCYMA. 1. Spicata. Herb Chrijlopher, or Bane-berries* Stem about two feet high, flender, jointed, ftriated. Leaves large, gloffy, ternate, and fubdivided, like thofe of the tnwbel4ifejGus plants. Flowers imall, white, in oval crullers. Berries fmall, black. May, June. In woods. ■ CHELIDQNIUM. Calyx of two leaves, obtufe, deciduous. Petals large, round- ifh, fpreading. Stamina about thirty. Style o; ftigma bifrd. Fruit a cylin- drical pod. Seeds many, i. Majus. Celandine. Stern weak, about two feet. high. Leaves pinnated, fubdivided, lobed, indented. Flowers fmall, on. feparate pedicles, in umbels. The wtiole plant contains a yellow juice* May, June. On wafte ground. 2. Glaucium. Yellow homed Poppy. Stem about two feet high. Leaves downy, feffile, embracing the ftem, blue-green ; thofe from the root pinnated, the reft lobed. Flowers yellow, large, fingle, terminal. July. Annual. (3n the coaft. 3. Hybridum. J'lokt homed Poppj. Stem about a foot high, fmoothj erecL Leaves pin- natifid ; fegraents very narrow. Flow- ers fingle, large, terminal, purple. Pods trivalvc. Auguiu Annual. In corn- fields. PAP AVER. Calyx of two leaves, ob- tufe, deciduous. Petals large, roundiih, i.Ciiw- a fpreading, alternately Ids. Style o ; ftigma 0 POLYAKDRIA. MOKOGYKIA. I49 ftigma radiated, Capfule unilocular. Seeds numerous, fmall. 1. Hybridum. Round rough-headed Potpy. Stalks above a foot high, hairy, branched, with manv leaves, which are triply pin- •natirid. Flowers, not large, red. June, July. Annual. In corn-fields, but rare. 2. Argemone. Long rough-beaded Poppy. Differs from the laft chiefly in the fhape of the pericarpium, or feed-veffel, which is long, angular, and thickeft towards the top. June, Annual. In corn-fields. 3. Rhoeas. Round fmoiik-headed9 or Corn Poppy* Stem hairy, blanched. Leaves pinna- ted, jagged. Flowers red. Capfule round, fmooth, fmall. June. Annual. In corn-fields. 4. Dubium. LotTg ftwoth-headed Poppv. Differs from the laft, chieHy in the fhape of the capfule. £. Somniferum. Wild Poppy. Stalk creel:, fmooih, branched, three or four feet high. Leaves bluifh, fmooth, fimple, broad, irregularly indented, fefiile,' embracing the item. F'lowers white, with a pur- plifh tinge. Capfule large, round, fmooth. Seeds white. July. Annual. In wafte eround. o 6. Catnbricum. Yellow Poppy. Stem fmooth, branched. Leaves pinnated, jagged. Flowers yellow. Capfule oblong, fmooth Stigmata five to fix. June — Auguft. perennial. In Wales, Weftmore- land, &c. I I50 POLYANDRIA. MONOCYNIA. ** Petals five. TILIA. Calyx of five fegments, co- loured, deciduous. Petals obtufe, notched. Stamina thirty or more. Berry roqnd, dry, quinquelocular, quin- quevalve, opening at tlie baij?. Seeds fingle. I, Europaea. Lime-tree, A large tall tree. Leaves heart-fhaped, ferrated. Flowers white, odoriferous. July, In woods and hedges. CISTUS. Calyx of five leaves, two of which are lefs than the reft. Petals roundifh, large, fpreading. Capfule. 1. Marifolius. Hoary Dwarf Cijlus. Stems woody, numerous, three or four inches long, procumbent. Leaves oppofite, oblong, pointed, hoary beneath. Flow- ers large, yellow, in clutters. July. In the north of England. 2. Guttatus, Annual Cijlus. Stem herbaceous, about a foot high, branched at the top. Leaves oppofite, launce-fhaped, with thre$ nerves. Flowers pale yellow, with a red fpot on each petal. Stipulae o. June. In fandy meadows. * With ^tipula. 3. Surrcjanus. Narrow-leaved Cijlus. Stalks numerous, woody, procumbent. Leaves oppofite, oblong, fomewhat hairy. Flowers yellow, with narrow petals. July. On heaths, particularly in Surry. a. Hc'j-. POLYANDRIA. T R I C Y N t A. 151 4. Hclianthcmum. Dwarf Ci/hts, or little Sun- flower. Stems numerous, woody, pro- cumbent, about a foot long. Leaves oppofite, oblong, curled, flightly hairy. Stipula; quatern. Flowers yellow, fin- gle, three or four in a loofe clufter j petals intire. July. Particularly on chalk, hills. 5. Polifolius. Mountain Dwarf Cijlus. Stems numerous, woody, procumbent. Leaves very numerous, thick, oblong, feffilc, downy. Flowers white. July. On Brent-downs, Somerfetfh. III. TRIGYNIA. Piftilla 3. DELPHINIUM. Calyx 0. Petals five, unequal. Nectarium bifid, involved in the tube of the horned petal. I. Confolida. Wild Larkfpur. Stem about fix inches long, fubdivided. Leaves in narrow ferments. Flowers in loofe fpikes, blue. Capfule one. June. Annual. In corn-fields. V. PENTAGYNIA. Piftilla 5. AQUILEGIA. Calyx o. Petals five, equal. Nectaria five, between the petals, with each a pofterior horn or tail, obtufe Stamina thirty or more. Cap- fules five, univalve. Seeds feveral. Li i. VuU 15,2 POLYANDRIA. HEXAGYNIA. I. "Vulgaris. Columbines. Stem ercir, branched at the top. Leaves bluifh, iubdivided, lobed, on foot-rtalks. Flowers large, blue, pendulous. Ne&aria curved. June. In woods, &c. a. Alpina. Maintain Columbine!. Leaves biter- nate, jagged. Flowers blue, large ; petal of the neclarium long, launce- ihaped j hern fhort, ftraight. June, In mountainous woods in Weflmore- land, &e. VI. HEXAGYNIA. Piftilla 6. STRATIOTES. Spatha of two leaves. Perianthium trifid. Petals three. Berry fexlocular, below the flower. J, Aloides. Water Aloe, or Frejh-vcater Scldis>\ Root confifts of long fibres tufted at the ends. Leaves thick, triangular, point- ed, prickly at the edges. Flowers white, floating on the water. June. Slow rivers, fens, &c. VII. POLYGYNIA. Piftilla many. ANEMONE. Calyx c. Petals in a double or triple order, three in each. Seeds numerous. \, Pulfatilla. Pafqut Flower. Stem hollow, hairy, eight or ten inches high, with a jatrged POLYANDRIA. POLVGYNIA. 1$% jagged invplucr.um at fome diftance be- low the flower. Leaves bipinnated. Flowers large, purple, fingle. April. In high ground. 2. Nemorofa. Wood Anemone, Stem about feven inches high, with three leave^, in many fegments, at fome diftance from the flower. Radical leaves on long foot- italjcs, and divided like thofe above. Flower fingle, white, frequently with a red tinge. April, In wopds, &c. 3. Apennina. Mountain Wood Anemone. Differs from the lalt chiefly in the petals being purple, numerous, and launce-maped. April. In woods, &c. CLEMATIS. Calyx o. Petals four. Receptacle round, frnall. Seeds feve- ral, with each a ftylc. I. Vitalba. Great Wild Climber ■, or Traveller's Joy. Stem woody, climbing, and twiuS- ing round every thing in its way. Leaves oppofite, pinnated ; p'mnje oval, fer- rated. Flowers white, fmall, in tufts, fragrant. July. In hedges. THALICTRUM. Calyx o. Petals four. Seeds feveral, without ftylc. j. Alpinum. Mountain Msaaszv Rue. Stem weak, firr.ple, naked toward* the top, about a foot high. Leaves tridentate, acute, glofly, dark green above. Flow- ers drooping, terminal, deep red, in loofe clutters. June. In moiii: ground on moun-» 154 p ° LY A N D R I A. POLVGYNIA. mountains. Stamina twelve. Piftilla eight. 2. Minus. Lefs Meadow Rue. Stem leafy, bluifh, fimple, about a foot high, erect. Leaves fexpartite, large, the ends tinged with purple. Flowers yellowifh white, in loole pendulous clufters. July, Auguft. On moift mountains, Sec. 3. Flavum. Meadow Rue. Stem leafy, erect, furrowed, purplifh, about three feet high. Root yellow. Leaves large, dark, bluifh green above, fubdivided, notched. Flowers fmall, whitifh, in ihort fpikes, or clufters. June. In moift ground, banks of rivers, &c. ADONIS. Calyx of five leaves, hol- low, obtufe, deciduous. Petals, five to fifteen, oblong, obtufe, glofly. Nee- tarium 0. Stamina very fhort. Styles 0. Seeds numerous, naked. I. Autumnal is. Adonis, Pheafant's Eye, red Alaithes^ or red Morocco. Stem firm, erect, branched, about one and a half foot high. Leaves in narrow iegments, on foot-ftalks. Flowers fcarlet ; petals eight. July, Auguft. Annual. In corn-fields. RANUNCULUS, Calyx of five leaves (except fp. 4). Petals five (except fp. 4) j nedtarium a cavity or pore in each petal, above the claw. Styles 0. Seeds fcveral. The nediarium is the efiential charadreriitic of this genus, the other parts of fructification being uncertain. 1 * Leaves » POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. ] 55 * Leaves fimplet 1. Flammula. Lefs Spearwort. Stalks leaning. Leaves launce-fhaped, broad, on foot- italks. Flowers deep yellow. June — September. Fens, &c. frequent. 2. Lingua Stalks three feet high, erect, hollow, branched. Leaves lef- file, thick, fmooth, pointed, a foot long, and about an inch broad. Flow- ers large, terminal, deep yellow. May, June. In wet paftures, &c. 3. Ficaria. Pileworty or Lefs Celandine. Calyx generally of three leaves. Petals launce- fhaped, commonly eight. Neclarium fhut by a fcale. Stamina twenty. Stalks fkort, procumbent. Leaves hearr- fhaped, angulated, on foot-ftalks. Fiow- crs yellow. April. In meadows, &c. frequent. * Leaves divided. . 4. Auricomus. Sweet IVood Crowfoot, or Goldi- locks. Radical leaves reniform, notched, divided ; thofe on the frcm deeply di- vided into narrow fegments. Flowers numerous, yellow. April. In woods and hedges frequent. 5. Scelcratus. Round-leaved Water Crowfoot. Stalks about one foot and a half high, branch- ed. Lower leaves divided into broad fegments, the upper into narrow. Leaves fmooth. Flowers fmull, vcilow. May, June. In water frequent. 6. Eulboi";;?. Bulbofe Crowfoot, or Butter Cups. Stalks erect Lea\ cs compofite. Pedi- cles of the fltitvers gr66$6d. Calyx cur.td I56 P6LYAKDRIA. POLYGYRIA. curved downwards. Root a round bulb. May. In meadows frequent. 7. Repens. Creeping Crowfoot Stalks creeping. Leaves dead green, and often fpotted, composite, tcrnate, fomewhat hairy. FJowers numerous. Calyx fpreuding, and pedicles grooved. May. In mea- dows, &c. frequent. S. Acris. Upright Meadow Crowfoot. Stalks erecL Leaves pentangular, tripartite, multifid, acrid. Flowers numerous, on equal branches. Calyx fpreading ; pedicles cylindrical. June, July. In meadows, &c. frequent. 9. Arvenfis. Corn Crowfoot. Stem eredt, about one and a half toot high. Upper leaves decompofite ; fegments narrow. Flow- ers fmall, pale, yellow. Stamina about fixteen. Seeds prickly, about eight. June. Annual. In corn-fields. ID. Parviflorus. Small-flowered Crowfoot. Stem weak, proRrate, dififufe, hairy. Leaves fimple, deeply divided, acute, hairy. Flowers very fmall. May. Annual, In meadows, corn-fields, or Coxcomb. Stalks procumbent, eight or ten inches long, with many f^reading branches. Leaves S1DYNAM1A. ANGI0SPERM1A, I7J Leaves pinnated. Flowers purple, in. loofe fpikes ; calyx oblong, angulated„ Smooth. May, June. in wet mea- dows, &c a. Paluftris. Marjh Red Rattle. Stalks erec~t, branched, above a foot high. Leaves numerous, pinnated, deeply indented, often brown. Flowers purple, on pe- dicles, in the alte of the leaves, form- ing a kind of loofe fpike ; calyx com- prefTed, fomewhat bellying, a little iiairy, dotted, and often bind, June, Wet meadows, &c ANTIRRHINUM. Corolla Went; upper lip bifid, reflex ; under lip tri- fid ; palate convex, clofmg the tube; neclarium extended from the bafe of the corolla in a kind of four. Capfule bilocular. * Leaves angular-. 1. Cymbalaria. hy-kcvedToadf..ix. Stalks pro- cumbent, creeping. Leaves alternate, hcart-fkaped, 5-lobed, fmooth. Flow- ers fingle, on pedicles, from the alte of the leaves, purple and yellow ; calyx purple. Spur {lender, curved, purple. June — October. On eld walls nc^r London frequent. 2. Elatine. Sharp-pointed Fluellbt. Stalks pro- cumbent, branched, about eight inches long. Lower leaves oppofae $ thoie above alternate, arrow-ihaped, haiiv, pale grten. Fiowirs yellow *nd pur- p<\ 174 DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA. pie, final 1. Spur long, fmall, pointed. Auguft. October. In corn-fields. 4 3. Spurium. Round-leaved Fluellin. Stalks pro- cumbent, hairy, numerous. Lower leaves on foot-ftalks, oppofitej thofe above, alternate, hairy, oval, pointed. Flowers yellow and purple, with a long fpur. Auguft. In corn-fields. ** Leaves oppofite. 4. Repens. Creeping Toadflax. Stalks procum- bent. Leaves narrow, four together, ' in whirls. Flowers violet and yellow, with a long fharp fpur, in long loofc leafy fpikes. Auguft. In hedges in Cornwall. 5. Arvcnfe. Blue Corn Toadflax. Stem erecr. Leaves narrow, in whirls. Flowers blue, in fpikes ; calyx hairy, vifcid. July, Auguft. Corn-fields, &c. *** Leaves alternate. 6. MonfpefTulanura. Sweet-fmelling Toadflax. Stalks numerous, flender, erect. Leaves {e(- file, narrow, numerous, thick-fee. Flowers blue, with a very fhort fpur, in fpikes, terminal. July, Auguft. Corn-fields. 7. Linaria. Common Yellov) Toadflax. Stem firm, ere£t, about two feet high. Leaves feflile, launce-fhaped, blue-green, nu- merous. Flowers pale and deep yellow, with a long curved fpur, in fhort fpiltes. July. Meadows, &c. 8. Minus. Leaf Toadflax. Stem much branch- ed, diffufe. Leaves launce-fhaped, ob- tufe, BIDVNAMIA. AN GIO S PE k MI A. I 75 tufe, vifcid. Flowers fmall, with a very fhort fpur, purple and yellowifh white, in the alae of the leaves. * * * * Corolla gaping, without fpur. Leaves alter- nate, intire. 9. Majlis. Great Snapdragon. Stalks erect, near three feet high. Leaves launce-fhaped, on foot-rtalks. Flowers purple, large, in naked fpikes ; calyx fmall, fegments rounded. June. On old walls, &c. 10. Oronticum. Leaji Snapdragon. Stalks erect, about a foot high. Leaves narrow. Flowers few, difperfed, purple, with a little yellow ; calyx longer than the corolla. July, Aug. Corn-fields. SCROPHULARIA. Segments of the calyx unequal. Corolla fomewhat glo- bofe ; tube wide, open ; fegments fmall; upper fegments erect, with a bind fcale at their bafe ; lateral fegment fpreading ; lower fegment reflex. Capfule roundiih, pointed, bivalve, bilocular. 1. Nodofa. Common Figzvort. Root tuberous. Stem fquare, about three feet high, brown. Leaves heart-fhaped, on foot- ilalks, indented, oppofite. Flowers greenifh purple, in bunches, terminal. July. In woods and hedges, &c. 2. Aquatica, Water Figivjrt, or Betony. Root fibrous. Stem erect, iquare, about four feet high. Leaves oppofite, elliptical, pointed, nightly falloped, on decur- rent foot-ftalks. Flowers purple, in loofe, naked, fpikes, terminal. July. Jjn water. 3. Scoro- J76 DID YN AMI A. ANG I OSPERMIA; 3. Scorodonia. Baum leaved Figwort. Stem ered"r, Square, about two feet high. Leaves op- polite, doubly ferrated. Flowers dufky purple, in compofite bunches, termi- nal. Aug. Banks of rivulets, &c. in Cornwall, &c. 4. Vernalis. Tallow Figwort. Stalks fquare, hairy, brown, about two feet high. Leaves heart-fhaped, round ifti, hairy, indented, oppofite. Flowers yellow, on fingle forked pedicles from the alas of the leaves. April, May. In hedges in Surry, &c. DIGITALIS. Calyx of five fegments, permanent. Corolla campanulate, bel- lying on the backfide, quadrifid ; bafe cylindrical, narrow. Capfule oval, bi- locular, bivalve. ]. Purpurea. Foxglove. Stem erect, firm, about four feet high. Leaves, on fhort foot- ftalks, elliptical, pointed, downy, nightly ferrated. Flowers purple, in long, terminal, unilateral fpikes. July. In hedges, &c. SIBTHORPIA. Calyx of five fegments, fpreading. Corolla of five fegments, rounded, fpreading, equal, the length of the calyx. Stamina in pairs, approx- imate. .Capfule comprefied, orbicular, bilocular ; partition tranfverfe. I. Europaea. Bajlard Moneywort. Stalks /len- der, creeping. Leaves final], round, notched round the edges. Flowers in the alae of the leaves, pale red, fmall. Auguft. IMPYNAMIA. ANGIOSPBRMIA. I ]"f Auguft. Banks of rivulets in Corn- wall, &c. LIMOSELLA. Calyx quinquifid, erec~t, acute, permanent. Corolla campanu- late, quinquifid, nearly equal, acute, fmall. Stamina in pairs, approximate. Capfule unilocular, bivalve. Seeds many. Receptacle oval, large. I. Aquatica. Baflard Plantain. Stalks flerider, creeping. Leaves launce-ftiaped, on long foot-ltalks, in tufts, on the ground. Flowers fmall, fingle, white, reddifti within ; ftamina black. Aug. Sent. in pools of itagnant water. 3 Vol. II. N C I A $ 8 ■ . 1/8 T E Tit A DYN AMI A. SI LIC 0LOSA. C L' A S S XV. - TETR ADYNAMIA. Calyx a perianthium of four leaves. Co- rolla of four leaves, equal, cruciform. Stamina fix, two of which are fhorter than the reft. Piftillum one-, germen above the receptacle. I. SILICULOSA. Pericarpium {"mail, round, with the apex of the dilfepiment extended beyond the valves. * Apex of the pad intlre. MYAGRUM. Calyx coloured, deci- duous. Pod fomewhat heart-fhaped ; valves concave ; apex conic, rigid. j. Sativum. Gold of Pleofure. Stem fingle, branched, about two feet high. Leaves oblong, fe/Tile, arrow-fliaped, ferrated. Flowers in tufts, pale yellow. Seeds yel- low, numerous. June. Annual. Among flax frequent. ■ VELLA. Pod globofe, bilocular ; dif- fepiment double the length of the valves, beyond Which it is oval, eredt. I, Annua. Crefs Rocket. Stem erec"t, branched, about a foot high. Leaves pinnatifid, fegments narrow. Flowers pale yel- low, f ETRADYNAMIA. SILICULOSA, 1J<) low, in fpikesj, terminal. Pods pert*, dulous. June. Annual. On high ground. DRABA. Pod oblong-oval, comprefled* bilocular; diflepimeht parallel to the valves* without fcyle; 1. Verna. Common tVJ/itlotu Grafs. Stalks naked» about four inches high. Radical leaves oblong, obtufe, flightly indented, in a tuft on the ground. Flowers fmall, white, in loole panicles. April. On walls, &c. 2. Mural is. Speedwell- leaved IVhitlow Grafs. Stem branched, hairy, eight or ten inches high. Leaves broad, heart-fhaped, hairy, embracing the ftem, ferrated. Flowers fmall, white, in long loofe fpikes. Pods elliptical, pointed at each end. Seeds many, yellow. May. In fiflures of rocks, Sec. 3. Incana. Hoary JVhlilmv Grafs. Stem eighf or ten inches high. Leaves numerous, hoary, indented. Flowers fmall, white. Pod oblong, twifted. May. In fiflures of rocks, high paftures, &c. in the North of England. * * Apex cf the foci notched. LEPIDIILM. Pod heart- fhaped, com- prefled, containing fevej ai feeds.- Valves acutely carinated, contrary- wife. N 2 1. Petraeum. l8o T ET R A DYN A MI A. SILICUL03A. }. Petrxum. Mountain Dittander. Stem fingle, fimple, about four inches high. Leaves pinnated, intire. Petals white, round, notched, lefs than the calyx. Calyx whitifh, tipt with yellow. April, May. On St. Vincent's rock. 2. Latifolium. Dittander, or Pepperwort. Stem firm, much branched, three or four feet high. Leaves on foot-ftalks, ovato- launce-fhaped, ferrated. Flowers fmall, white, numerous, terminal. June, July. In meadows, &c. but rare. 3. Ruderale. Narrow- leaved wild Cre/s, or Dittan- der. Flower diandria, without petals. Radical leaves pinnated, dentated ; the reft intire. June. On the coaft. THLASPI. Pod obcordate, containing feveral feeds. Valves navicular, mar- ginato-carinated. 1. Arvenfe. Treacle Mujiard, or Penny- Cre/s. Stalk firm, about a foot high, branch- ed. Leaves oblong, fmooth, fcallopcd, brqadeft towards the end. Flowers white. Pods round. June, July. In corn-fields, but rare. 2. Hirtum. Perennial Mithridaie Mujlard. Stem fimple, hairy, about a foot high. Ra- dical leaves oval, hairy ; the reft downy, foft, arrow-fhaped, in part embracing the ftalk. Calyx white. Petals white, oval, intire. Pods roundifh, hairy. July. On the mountains in Wales. 3. Cam- TETRAQVNAMIA. SI LI C ULOS A.tiSi 3. Campeftre. Mithridate Mujiard, or Bajlard Crefs, Stem firm, ere&, downy, branch- ed towards the top. Radical leaves linuated, on foot-ftalks j the reft arrow- fhaped, downy, indented, bluifh, feffite. Flowers white. Calyx with brown fpots. Pods roundifh. June, July. Corn- fields, &c. 4. Montanum. Mountain Mithridate Mujiard. Stalks feveral, firm, about fix or eight inches high. Radical leaves ova!, dark bluifh, fmooth, intire, thick, in a round tuft ; the reft embrace theftein. Flowers fmall, white ; corolla longer than the calyx. Pods pear-fhaped. July. On the mountains in Yorkfhire, Sec. 5. Perfoliatum. Perfoliate Treacle Mujiard. Stalk fimple, from four inches to near a foot high. Radical leaves oval, on fhort foot- ftalks ; thofe above heart-fhaped, per- foliate, (lightly indented, tapering to a point. Flower white; corolla icatce longer than the calyx. Stamina whfte, longer than the corolla ; antherae yel- lowiih. Pods like Shepherd's Purje. June. On high limeftone paftures. 6. Burfa Paftoris. Shepherd's Purfe. Stalks branch- ed, firm, about a foot high. Radical leaves- pinnatifid ; thofe above embrace the item. Flowers white. Pods flat, hrart-ihaped. March, April. Very common. N 3 COCPJ- iSi TETR AD YN AMIA. SJLICULOSA. CCCHLEARIA. Pod heart - fhap^J, notched, turgid, rough j valves gib- bous, ob.tufe. i 1. Officinalis. Common, or Garden Scurvy-grafs' Stalks numerous, weak, about a foot high. Radical leaves roundifh ; thofe above, oblong, narrow, oppofite. Flow- ers white, in fmall tufts, terminal. April, May. On the coaft, and on mountains. 2. Anglica. Eng.ijh, ox Common Sea Scurvy-grafs. Stalks fiender. Leaves ovato-launce- fhaped, finu^ted y thofe from the root -flefhy. Ficvvers fmall, white. May. On the coaft. 3. Danica. Dar.lfi) Scurvy-grafs. Stalks nume- rous, about eight inches high. Leaves triangular, reiembling ivy, flefhy, on foot-lfclks. Flowers fmall, white. May. On the Lancaihire coaft. t 4. Groenlandica-. Groenhna l Scurvy-grafs. Stalks numerous, weak, with few branches, about fix inches high. Leaves kidney- fhaped, flefhy, intire ; thofe from the root convex beneath, on long foot- . ftalks. .Flowers white. April, May. On mountains in Wales, &c. 5. Coronopus. Swine's. Crejes. Stalks numerous* branched, procumbent. Leaves pinna- tiftd j fegments narrow, notched on each fide at the end. Flowers white, in the alae of the leaves. June, July. High-roads, &c. frequent. 6. Armoracia. TETR AD Y K AMI A. SILIQUOSA. 1 83 ^. Aimoracia. Horje-radijh. Stem ere£t, near three feet high. Radical leaves a foot and half long, launce-ftiaped, notched in the edges ; thofe on the Item in- dented. Flowers fmall, white, termi- nal. May. Among rubbifh, ditches, &c. in the North. IBERIS. Exterior petals largeft ; the other two reflex. Pod erect, round- i£h, comprefTed, bilocular ; margin acute; valves navicular, carinated. Seeds feveral. I. Nudicaulis. Rock Crefi. Stalks erect, naked, firnple, about four inches high. Leaves pinnatifid. Flowers white, fmall, ter- minal. May. On gravelly foil. IT. SILIQUOSA. Pod long, with a fhort apex. * Calyx dofed, its haves longitudinally connroeni. DENTARIA. Pod cylindrical, bilocular, bivalve, burftingelaftically ; valves roll- ing upward. Stigma notched. I. Bulbifera. Corahyert, Stalks erect, weak, about a foot high. Upper leaves Am- ple ; lower leaves pinnated ; pinnx fe- ven. Black berries jn the alae of the leaves. Flowers white, or reddifh. Aoril. In woods. N 4 ERY- 184 TETR ADYN AMIA. SILIQJJOSA. ERYSIMUM. Pod long, ftraight, qua- drangular, bivalve, bilocular. Seeds feveral, fmall. 1. Officinale. Hedge Mufiard. Stem a little branched, erect, two or three feet high. Leaves harlh, deeply finuated. Flowers yellow, in long fpikes, terminal. Pods prefTed clofe to the ftem. June, July. On. wafte ground. *. Barbarea. Winter Crejfes, or Rocket. Stalks branched, near two feet high. Leaves pinnatifid, with a large roundifh feg- ment at the end. Flowers yellow, terminal. May, June. In ditches. $. Alliaria. Jack by the Hedge, or Sauce alone. Stalks erect., with few branches, yel- lowifh, two or three feet high. Leaves on foot-ftalks, fingle, heart-fhaped, in- dented. Flowers white, terminal. May. Under hedges. Smells like garlick. 4. Cherianthoides. Treacle TVormfeed. Stem erect, firm, branched towards the top. Leaves numerous, feffile, launce-fhaped, intire. Flowers fmall, yellow, terminal. July. In fens frequent. CHEIRANTHUS. Two oppofite leaves of the calyx gibbous at the bafe. Ger- men angular, with a glandular tuber- cle on each fide. Seeds feveral, pen- dulous, alternate, flat. I. Cheiri. Wall-Jlower. Stalk firm, erect, branched. Branches angular. Leaves feffile, launce- ihaped. TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA. 1 8$ fhaped. Flowers yellow, in fpikes, ter- minal. • April, May. On walls, &c. %. Tricufpidatus. ScalVall-flower, ox *July-flovjer. Stalks numerous, weak, branched, fome- what hairy. Leaves narrow, deeply fi- nuated, hairy, pale, feflile. Flowers white, terminal. Pods with a triple apex. June, July. On the coaft of Wales and Cornwall. HESPERIS. Petals bent obliquely. Two oppofite leaves of the calyx gibbous at the bafe. A melliferous gland between the fhorter ftamina. Style o. Stigma forked at the bafe j apex connivent. Pod ftraight. I, Matronalis. Unfavory Dame's Violet. Stem fimple, erecl:. Leaves ovato-launce- fhaped, denticulated. Flowers large, purplifh white ; petals notched at the apex. May. On the banks of rivers in the North. ARABTS. Two oppofite leaves of the calyx larger, and gibbous at the bafe. Four nectariferous glands, like fcales, reflex, between the leaves of the calvx. Stigma fimple. I, Thaliana. Coded Mouje-ear. Stalks numerous, erect, branched, about eight inches high. Radical leaves on foot-ftalks, intire, ovato-launce-maped, hairy, numerous, in a round tuft j thofe on the ftem ki- file, and often fmooth. Flowers white. Mriy. On walls, &c. TURRITIS- |86 TETRAD YN AMI A. SILIQUOSA. TURRITIS. Pod very Jong, ftraighr, angular. Calyx erecl. Corolla erect. j. Glabra. Great Tower Mujlard. Stalks cre£b (imple, about a foot and half high. Ra- dical leaves rough, fometimes intire, fometimes indented, in a round tuft ; the reft, fmooth, arrow-fhaped, embrace the Item. Flower fmall, greeniih white, in a long fpike, terminal. May. In meadows, &c. 2. Hirluta. Hairy Tower Muftard. Stalks ereel, about nine inches high. Radical leaves fefKle, hairy, in a thick tuft ; the reft hairy, embracing the ftem. Flowers fmall, white, in a fpike, terminal. June. On rocks and old walls. BRASSICA. Two nectariferous glands between the fhorter ftamina and pift il- ium ; and two between the longer and the calyx. Seeds globofe. i. Orientalis. Perfoliate Cabbage. Stalk ere<5r, branched, three feet high. Radical leaves rough, intire ; the reft fmooth, h^ait- fhaped, embracing the ftem. Flowers white, fmall, in long fpikes. Pods long, fquare. June. In corn- fields, &c. 2. .Napus. Wild Nevetv. Stem erect, about three feet high. Radical leaves deeply finu- ated, fmooth ; the reft heart-fhaped, ob- long, embracing the ftem, flightly in- dented, Flowers yellow i calyx fpread- ing. ^•ETRADYNAMIA. SILIQJJOSA. 187 ing. Root taper. May. On the banks of ditches, &c. 3. Rapa. Turnip. Stalk erecT:, about three feet high. Radical leaves rough, deep- ly finuated, large. Flowers yellow. Root orbicular, depreffed. April. In fields, &c. 4. Oleracea. Sea Cabbage. Root cylindrical, flefhy. Stem thick and fpungy, about three feet high. Leaves large, thick, fcallopec1. Flowers yellow. Seeds purplilh brown. April. On Dover- cliff, kc. 5.Erucaftrum. Wi 'Id Rocket. Stalks branched, rou^h, 4 about three feet high. Leaves pinnatirid, indented. Flowers yellow. May. On old walls, &c. RAPHANUS. Nectariferous glands like the preceding genus. Pod bunched- . out by the feed, and jointed. 1, Raphaniftrum. Bajlard Radt/h, or white or yellow flowered Charlock. Leaves rou'>h ' finuated, on foot-ftalks. Pods cylindri- cal, fmooth, unilocular. June, Juiy. In co. n -fields. * * Calyx fpr ending. £ARDAMINE. Pod (lender, rcundifh j Valve; hurtling elaltically, and rolling back. Stigma intne. Caivx fpread a 1*1 jjtue. 1. Eel- l88 TETR ADYNAMIA. 3ILIQJJ0SA. 1. Bejlidifotia. Daife- leaved Ladyfmock. Stem fimple, three or four inches high. Ra- dical leaves oval, fimple, intire, on long foot-ftalks j the reft generally fe valves navicular, carinated, deciduous. I. Tinctoria. IVoad. Stem firm, ere£t, about four feet high. Leaves long, pointed, thick, bluifh ; thofe from the root notched, the reft srrow-fhaped. Flow- ers yellow. Seed iingle. July. In the fields between Bath and Briftol, &c. CRAMBE. Four longer ftamina bifid at the apex. Berry dry, unilocular, deciduous. Seed one. I. Maritima, Sea Coleivet't. Stem erect, branch- ed, fmooth, near three feet high. Leaves large, fmooth, bluifh, waved at the edges, heart-fhaped, Hefhy, Flowers whitifh. May. On the coaft. C L A M0NODELPH1 A. DECANDRIA. lt)$ CLASS XVI. MONODELPHIAi Stamina, in one fett united below, I. DECANDRIA. Stamina 5 or 10. GERANIUM. Calyx of five leaves,, permanent. Piftillurn one ; ftyle Tub- ulate, long, permanent ; ftigmata five, reflex. Capfule long, taper, with five, cells, each containing a angle feed. * Stamina 5. I Cicutarium. Hemlock-leaved Cranejb'ill. Stalks branched, weak. Leaves pinnated, in- dented, obtufe. Flowers red, three or mdreoneach pedicle. April June. Wafte ground, Sec. 2. Mofchatum. Mufk Cranrfbill. Differs from the laft in the leaves being broader, and more intire, and in fmelling like mufk. May. In dry meadows, Sec, 3, Maritimum. Sea Cranefbdl. Stem proftrate, branched. Leaves heart - fhaped, cut and notched at the- edges, obtufe, fame- Vol. II, © what 194 MONQDEIPHIA. DE.CANDRIA. what hairy. Flowers pale red, generally two on each pedicle. June, July. On the We'ftern coaft. * * Stamina i o. 4. Phseum. Spotted Cram/bill. Stem erect, two or three feet high, branched. Leaves alternate, downy, five-lobed, ferrated. Flowers dark purple, two on each pe- dicle ; petals waved. Calyx foft, with a fhort fpine. April, May. On high ground. 5. Nodofum. Knotty Cranrjbill. Stem branch- ed, about a foot high, with thick joints, generally red. Leaves trilobed, ferrated. Flowers red, two on each pedicle. July, Auguft. On the mountains in the North. 6. Sylvaticum. Mountain Crane/bill. Stem erect, about two feet high. Leaves round- ifh, multifid, ferrated. Flowers purplifh red, large ; two on each pedicle ; petals notched. July, Aug. On the moun- tains in the North. 7. Pratenfe. Crowfoot Crane/bill. Stern erecr, a foot and half high. Leaves roundifh, quinquifid ; lobes branched, trilobed, pinnated, acute, wrinkled. Flowers blue; petals intire, large ; two flowers on each pedicle. June, July. In moift paftures, &c. 8. Robertiana. Herb Robert. Stem branched, fpreading, jointed, reddilh. Leaves hairy MON.OD ELfcHIA, DECANDRIA. If$ hairy, pentagonal, trifid ; lobes pin— natifid. Flowers red ; calyx hairy, xo-angular. Two flowers on each pedicle. April — June. In hedges, &c. 9. Lucidum. Shining Doveifoot Crane/bill. Stem branched, about a foot high, reddifh, glofly. Leaves of h\e lobes, rounded, i'mooth. Flowers red, two on each pe- dicle; calyx pyramidal, angular, wrin- kled. June, July. On walls, &c. 10. Rotundifolium. Round-leaved Crane/bill. Stem proftrate, about a foot long, branched. Leaves fmall, kidney - fhaped, divided into many fegments. Flowers fmall, blue, two on each pedicle j petals in- tire, the length of the calyx. July. On walls, &c. 11. Molle. Common Dovesfoot Cranefiill. Stem branched, diffufe, weak, about a foot high. Leaves very broad, foft, kidney- fhaped, quinquepartito-multifid ; floral leaves alternate. Petals purple, bi- fid. Capfule hairy. May. Fields and hedges. 12. Diflectum. "Jagged-haved Dove'.foot Granef- bill. Stem branched, leafy, erecl:, above a foot high. Leaves on Jong foot* {talks, in five lobes, multifid ; fegments very narrow. Flowers red, two on each long pedicle ; petals notched. Capfule wooiiy. May," June. In mea- dows, &c. O 2 13. Col- 196 m'onode'lph I A. poIyanm/a. 13. Columbinum. Long-Jialked Dovesfoot Cranef- bill. Stem branched, proftrate. Leaves fomewhat hairy, femicircular, deeply divided into five fegments ; middle lobes trifid, fegments acute. Flowers two, reddifh blue, on very long pe- dicles ; calyx bearded ; capiulc fmooth. July. In corn-fields, &c. J4. Pufiilum. Small-jioivered Dovesfoot Cranejbill. Stem diffuie, about four inches high. Leaves reniform, pal mated ; fegments acute. Flowers blue, two on each foot- ftalk ; petals bifid. June. Jn corn-fields. 15. Sanguincum. Bloody Crane/bill. Stem branched, ere£r, not diffufe, above a foot high. Leaves round, in five or feven lobes, trifid. flowers purplifh red, one on each pedicle, large. June, July. Among rocks, in dry paf hires, he. II. POLYANDRIA. Many Stamina. AL'FHEA. Calyx double ; exterior in nine fegments, unequal ; interior quin- quifid. Corolla of five petals. Capiulc feveral, containing each a iingle round flat feed. ifl Officinalis. Marfimallow, Stem firm, freer, three feet high. Leaves fimple, Woolly j thofe from the root roundifh, the reft fomewhat triangular. Flowers purplifh white, large. Auguit. In •fait marines frequent. MALVA. Calyx double ; exterior of thrcis leaves1; othewife like the iall genus. 7. Ko* MSN OBEIPHI A. POLYANDRIA. 197. j. Rotundifolia. Dwarf Mallow. Stalks pro- ftrate. Leaves heart-lhaped, rounded, in five flight lobes, or rather angles. Flowers white, with a purple tinge. June — November. Annual. High- roads, &c. 2 Parviflora. Small-jtcivercd Mallow. Stem fpread- ing, fomewhat erect, about a foot high. Reaves roundifh, angulated. Flowers purplifh, fmall, ieflile, crowded round the joints j calyx fmooth, fpreading. June. On fandy ground, in Kent, ike. 3. Sylveftris. £ommon Molloiv. Stem creel, firm, about three feet hioh. Leaves waved, in five or feven lobes, obtufe, ferrated, on hairy foot-ftalkcs. Flowers purple, on hairy pedicles, from the ala; of the tip- per leaves ; petals heart-fhaped. May — Nov. On wafte ground frequent. 4. Alcea. Vervain Mallow. Stem firm, erec~r, three feet high. Leaves divided into many narrow figments, fomewhat rough. Flowers purple, more expanded than iu the common mallow, in clufters, termi- nal. July Oct. In hedges, &c. 5. JVTofchata. Jagged-leaved' Vervain A/allow* Radical leaves' kidney-fhaped, cut a Jit*. tie at the edges ; thofe above quinque- partite, pinnato-multifid. Flowers like the lalt. AuguiL Meadows, &c. LAVATERA. Kxterior calyx trifid j otherwifc like the two lart jrcnera, I. Arborea. Sea Tree-Malloiv. Stem woody. Leaves heptangular, folded, downy- Flowers, on pedicles, fingle, from the aiae of the loaveaj in. whirls. Auguft. pn the coaft, I98 DIADELPHIA. HEXANDRIA. CLASS XVII. DIADELPHIA. Flowers papilionaceous, generally of four irregular petals. Stamina, generally, in, two fets, viz. one con filling of nine fila- ments, the other of one. Pericarp; um, generally a Legumen j that i*, a pod, like Our common Garden Pea. I. HEXANDRIA. Stamina 6. FUM ARTA. Calyx of two leaves, equal, erecl, acute, permanent. Corolla rin- gent, monopetalous, with a blunt fpur. Filaments two, with three antherae on, each. Seed fingle, inclofed in a loofe membrane. IT, Officinalis. Fumitory. Stalks numerous, weak, intricate, branched, about a foot high. Leaves doubly pinnated ; pinnae tri- lobed ; lobes bifid, and trifid. Flowers pink and deep purple, in long f ikes, terminal. April — June. In fields and wafte ground frequent. %% Capreolata. Ramping Fumitory. Stalks nu- merous, weak, near two feet high. Leaves of many fegments, terminating in. BIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. 19$ in a tendril. Flowers pale red, in long loofe fpik.es. Auguit. Hedges, &c. 3. Claviculata. Climbing Fumitory. Stalks weak, branched, about a foot high. Leaves broad, bluifh, with tendrils. Flowers purplifh white, in fpikes, terminal. Pods linear. June. Hedges, woods, &c. II. OCTANDRIA. Stamina 8. POJLYGALA. Calyx of five leaves; two of which are like wings, and co- loured. Corolla of four petals. Pod heart-fhaped, bilocular. Seed Tingle, oval. ■ I. Vulgaris. Milkwort. Stalks pro.ftrate, branch- ed, about fix inches long. Leaves nar- row, pointed, entire, feffile, irregular. Flowers crefted, blue, or reddifh, or white, in fpikes, terminal. May, June. Jieaths, &c. III. DECANDRIA. Stamina 10. SPARTIUM. Calyx final], quinqueden- tate, coloured. Corolla papilionaceous, of five petals, the carina confifting of two. Stigma longitudinal, wooly above. Filaments adhering to the ca- rina. O 4 I. Scopa- a©6 DIADELPH1A. D8CANDRIA. l, Scoparium. Common Broom. A fhrub about four feet high. Branches angular, without fpjnes. Leaves ternate and finglc, narrow. Flowers large, yellow. May, June. In dry paftures, &c. GENISTA. Calyx fmall, bilabiate, quin- quedentate. Vexillum bent backward by the piftillurn and ftamina, diftant from the carina, which is longer than the vexillum. % Tiriftoria. Dyers Weed, or Broom. A low fhrub, with many items. Branches ftriated, erect. Leaves launce-fhaped, fingle, fmooth, numerous. Flowers yellow, in clofe fpikes, terminal. July. In paftures, Sec. % Ariglica. Needle Furze, or Petty Whin. A low fhrub, erect, with many branches. Spines fimple, and on the older branches only. Leaves launce-fhaped. Flowers yellow, in fpikes. May, June. On moift heaths, &c. ULEX. Calyx of two leaves, quinque- dentate. Corolla of five leaves. Pod almoft covered by the calyxr 3, Europaius. Common Furze, Whins, or Gcrfe, Leaves narrow, taper, acute, downy. Spines firm, numerous. Flowers yel- low, in fpikes, terminal. April, May, On commons frequent. ONONIS. Calyx in five fegments, al- moft as long as the corolla ; fegments - acute. Vexillum heart-fhaped, ftriated. Pod turgid, feffile. X. Spk DkJADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. 201 •1^ Spinofa. Re/ibarrow. Stalks federal, tough* red, not erect, a foot and half high. Leaves narrow, pointed, ferrated, nu- merous, ternaic. branches fpinous. Flowers purple, on fhort pedicles, from the alae of the leaves. June — Auguft. In barren paftures. 2. Arvenfis. Corn Re/f harrow. Stem about two feet high, much branched, and leafy. Branches without fpines. Leaves oval, fomewhat hairy, ferrated, vifcid, on long foot-ftalks, from long bivalve fheaths. Flowers red, in fpikes, ter- minal. July, Auguft. In barren pat, tures, &c. 3, Repens. Creeping Rejiharroiv. Stem diffufe. Branches ere£t. Leaves numerous, oval, downy, ternate j itipulae oval. Flowers in the alae of the leaves, red, whiiifh. June, July. On the coaft. ANTHILLIS. Calyx' a little infiatec1, hairy, quinquedentatc, unequal. Pod roundifh, fmall, concealed within tfee calyx. \% Vulneraria. Kidney Fetch, or Lady's Finger. Stem near a foot long, generally prof- trate. Leaves pinnated ; pinnze leveral pair, with a larger one at the end. Flowers yellow, fometimes red, on flender pedicles, iu a double head. July. In dry paftures, &c. P1SUM. Calyx quinquifid • two upper. fegments broadeft. Style triangular, downy, carinated above. Pod fixrgei £eeds leveral, rcu;»d. 102 ©IADILPHIA. DECANDRIA. 1, Marinum. Sea Peaje. Root very long. Stalks weak, angular, two or three feet long. Leaves pinnated, terminated by a tendril ; ffipulae arrow-fhaped. Flow- ers pale red and purple, in clufters, on naked pedicles. July. On the Suffex coaft, &c. OROBUS. Calyx quinquedentate, tu-: bular, obtufe at the bafe ; three lower- teeth fhar per ; upper teeth (horter, and deeply divided. §tyle filiform, bent up- ward. Stigma linear, downy. |. Tuberofus. Wood Peafey or Heath Peafe. Root tuberous. Stem ample, creel, about afoot high. Leaves pinnated, fmooth. Flower* purple, three or four in aclufter, Pods black, cylindrical, pendulous. May. In, meadows, wpqds, &c. 2. Sylvaticus. EngJiJh Wood Vetch. Stalks branch- ed, hairy, decumbent, near two feet long. Leaves of about feven pair of pinnae. Flowers red on the out-fidc, purple and white within, five or fix in a clufter. July. In, woods and hedges. LATHYRUS. Galyx campanulate^ quinquihd, two upper fegments fhort- eft. Style plane, downy above. Pod, very long. * A Jingle fiower on each pedicle. I. Aphaca. Yellow Vetchling. Stalk angular, weak, branched, near two feet long. Leaves pIADELPHirA. DECASDRIA. 2© 3 Leaves, or rather flipulre, in pairs, tri- angular, bluifh green, with a iimple naked tendril between. Flowers yel- low. Seeds about ten. June, July. In corn-fields, but rare. 9. Niflbla. Crmfon Grafs Vetch. Stalk erect. Leaves alternate, narrow, like grafs, {triated. Flowers fmal-1, red, on long pedicles, from the ala; of the leaves. Pod three inches long, pendulous, hai- ry. Seeds about twelve, round, fpot- ted. May. In corn-fields, &c. ** Two flowers an each pedicle. 3. Hirfutus. Rough-poded Chickling Vetch. Stalk about two feet long. Leaves in pairs, launce-fhaped, fharp-pointed. Tendrils branched, with two leaves. Flowers crimfon, with yellow lines within, on long pedicles. Pod very hairy. Seeds rough. July. In corn-fields. * * * Many Jlowers on each pedicle. ±. Latifolius. Broad - leaved Peafe - everlofling. Stalks weak, flat, three or four feet long. Leaves in pairs, oval, two inches broad. Clafpers from between two leaves. Flowers pale purple, ten or twelve in a cluffer. Pods three inches long. July. In woods and hedges. r, Sylvcftris. Narrow - leaved Peafe - everlajling. Differs from the laft in the leaves being narrower, 2p^| DIADELPHIA- DEC-ANDRIA. narrower, and the flowers red and white* June, July. §. Pratenfis. Tare-everlajling, or Yellow Vetchling. Stalks weak, quadrangular, about a foot high, with many branches. Leaves, in pairs, elliptical, pointed at each end. Flowers yellow. Clafpers fmall. Pods black, fmooth. June, July. In woods, &c. 7. faluftris. Marfb Chickling Vetch. Stalks branch- ed , edged, weak, about two feet long. Leaves pinnated. Flowers blue and red. Clafpers with feveral leaves. June, July, In moifi meadows, VICIA. Calyx tubular, quinquifid j up- per teeth fhorter, but all of equal breadth. Stigma bearded tranfvcrfely on the under fide. Pod ending in a point. * Flowers en long pedicles* 1. Sylvatica. Tufted Wood Vetch. Stem angular, two feet long or more. Leaves pin- nated ; pinna; about eight pair, oyal. Stipule dentated. Flowers white ftreaked with blue, numerous, pendu- lous,' in long fpikes. June, July. In woods and hedges. 2. Cracca. Tufted Vetch. Stem branched, three or four feet long. Leaves pinnated -% pinnae generally ten or twelve pair, launce-fhaped, downy. Stipulae intire. Flowers purple, numerous, pendulous, ©IA|DEi»PH I A. DSCAKfiRiA. 29^ in imbricated fpikes, June, July, In woods and hedges. ** Flowers in the ela of the haves, fubjtjjile, 3. Sativa. CommonVetcb, or Tare. Stalks round, weak, branched, about two feet long. Pinnne five or fcveti pair, a little hairy, notch- ed at the end. Stipulae dentated. Flow- ers light and dark purple, on fhort pedi- cles, generally two together. Pods creel. Seeds black. 4. Lathyroides. Strangle Tare, or Wild Vetch. Stem not much branched, fcarce two feet high. Leaves pinnated ; pinnae three or four pair, notched at the ends ; thofe below oval, the reft nar- row. Flowers bright red, two toge- ther. Pods erect, fmooth. Seeds about nine, brown. May, June. In dry, fandy paftures. 5. Lutea. Yellow Vetch. Leaves fubfefiile, oval, notched at the end. Flowers yellow. Pods fingle, feflile, hairy, reflex, thick. June, July. In meadows, &c. 6. Sepium. Bujh Vetch. Stem weak, quadran- gular, five or fix feet long. Pinnae feven or eight pair, oval, writh the ends cut off'. Flowers purple, gene- rally four together, on fhort pedicles. Pods fhort, pn pedicles. May. Among feufhes. FRVUM. *06 DUJBELPHIA. DEC AND KI ERVUM. Calyx almoft as long as the corolla, in five fegments, nearly equal. Stigma obtufe, not bearded. 1. Tetrafpermum. S?nocth Tare. Stalks nume-i rous, weak, about a foot iong, angu- lar. Pinnae of ton ten pair, generally alternate. Flowers red. or purple, two or three together* Pods fmooth, con- taining four feeds. June. In corn- fields, &c. 2. Hirfutum. Rough Tan. Stalks weak, very flender, fcarce a foot long. Leaves pinnated. Flowers blue and white, five or fix in a c'lufter, on pedicles. Pods fhort, hairy. Seeds roundj whit- ifh, generally two. June. In corn- fields, &c. 3. &>lonienfe. Spring Tare. Stalk about a foot long. Pinnze three or four pair, obtufe; Flowers purple, generally iingle, on a pedicle, with a tendril. Foot-fralks of the leaves fharp-pointed. Pod {len- der. Seeds angular. April, May. In chalky paftures, Sic. ORNITHOPUS. Calyx qurnquedentatc* Pod taper, round, curved., jointed. Seed fingle in each joint. 1. Perpufiilus. Birdsfoot. Stalks weak, five or fix inches high. Leaves pinnated ; pinnae fmall, roundifih, numerous, with an odd one at the end. Flowers yel- low, purple and white, in a funple umbel. SlADELPHIA. DECA-NDRIA. 207 umbel. Pods refemble a bird's foot. May Auguft. In paftures, &c. HIPPOCREPIS. Calyx quinquedentate, the two upper denticles conjunct. Pod ccmprefled, curved, with one future deeply indented. i.Comofa. Tufted Horfefnoe Vetch. Stalks weak, branched, fcarce a foot long. Pinnae oval, five or fix pair, with an odd one. Flowers yellow, numerous, in fimple umbels, terminal. Pods waved on the outer future, pendulous. July. On chalk hills. HEDYSARUM. Carina tranfverfely ob- tufe, fo as to be almoft triangular. Pod roundifh. Seed fingle. I. Onobrychis. St. Foin, or Cock's-head. Stalks feveral, weak, half a yard long. Leaves pinnated, about kven pair, with an odd one ; pinnae oblong, pointed. Flowers red ; wings of the corolla very fhort. Pods prickly, containing a fingle feed. July. In chalky paftures. ASTRAGALUS. Calyx quinqueden- tate; lower teeth gradually lefs. Vex- illum longeft petal. Pod bilocular, gibbous, rounded. I. Glycyphyllos. JVild Liquorice, or Liquorice Vetch. Stem branched, procumbent. Leaves large, pinnated ; pinnse five or fix pair, with an odd one, oval. Flow- ers pale yellow, in thick bunches. Pods 268 DIADELPHIA. D E C A N fi & I A'. Pods triangular, the upper fide hollow* Seeds numerous, brown. June, July. 2. Arenarius. Purple Mountain Milkwort. Stalks about three inches long, procumbent. Leaves pinnated, downy. Flowers pur- ple, in clutters, ere£t. June, July. On downs, heaths, &c. TRIFOLIUM. Vexillum reflex, and generally longer than the other petals. Pods very fhort, univalve, not burft- ing, deciduous. Leaves three together* Flowers generally in round heads. * Melihti : pods naked, containing more than one feed. 1. Officinalis. Common Melilot. Stalks ere£r, hollow, branched, three feet high. Leaves on foot-ftalks, oblong, ferrated. Flowers yellow, pendulous, on long fpikes. Seeds two. June, July. In corn-fields, hedges, &c. 2. Ornithopoides. Bird's -foot Trefoil. Stalks about five inches long, procumbent. Leaves ferrated. Flowers pale purple. Pods, three on one foot-ftalk, longer than the calyx, eredl:. Seeds eight. June. In fandy meadows, &c. •* Lotoidea : pods covered ; feeds four. 3. Repens. White Trefoil, or Dutch Clover. Stalks creeping. Leaves with a white fpot in the middle. Flowers white, on fhort pedicles, in a roundifh head. May, BIADELPHIA* DECANDR.IA. 200 May — O&ober. In meadows, &c. every where. ** i '"* Lagopoda : Calyx voooly. 4. Subterraneum. Dwarf Trefoil. Leaves heart- ihaped. Flowers white, in wcoly heads, five in each. Central involucrum re- flex', rigid, involving the fruit. Fods frequently under ground. May. la barren paftures near London, &c. 5. Pritenfe. Purple, or Honeyfuckle Trefoil, or Clover. Stalks difF.;fe, about eight in- ches long. Leaves on fhort foot-ftalksj roundifh, often marked with a white fpotj and fomewhat hairy. Flowers red, or purple, or yellowifh white, in longifb. heads, between two membranous iti- pulae ; corolla? monopetalous. Lower tooth of the calyx very long. May- Sept. In meadows, &c. frequent. 6. Arvenfe. Hare's-foot Trefoil. Stalks erecl, branched, downy. Leaves narrow, notched at the end, on very fhort foot- ftalks, and very foft. Flowers pale red, fmall, in oblong, downy, fpikes. Calyx quinquedentate, longer than the flower. June, July. In corn-fields, Sec. 7. Scabrum. Oval-headed, or rough Trefoil. Stalks leaning, branched. Leaves on fhort foot-ftalks, oval, notched. Flowers white, very little longer than the calyx, in oval, rough, heads, feffile, lateral. May, June, On chalk hills. Voi„ II. J P 8. Glome- 210' DfADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. . 8. Glomeratum. Round-headed Trefoil. Stalks decumbent. Leaves fmall, broad, in- dented. Flowers pale red, in round heads, feifile, lateral j calyces itriated, fpreading, with intermediate, rigid feg— merits. June. In meadows, Sec. Oh fandy foil . 9. Striatum. Knotted Trefoil. Flowers fmall, pale purple, in foft, oval, lateral, heads, fefiile j calyces ftriated, rounded. Seed large. Leaves fomewhat hairy. June. In dry palrures. 10. Alpeftre. Long-leaved purpU Trefoil. Stem ere6l. Leaves launce-maped, ferrated. Flowers deep purple, in roundifh, wooly heads, terminal. July. In moun- tainous paiiuies. it. Stellatum. Teafel headed Trefoil. Stalks dif- fufe. Leaves hairy, wedge-fhaped. Flowers fmall, red, in round, wooly fpikes ; calyces fpreading. July. In fait marlhes, Sic. **** Fe ft: aria : Calyces inflated. 12. Fragiferum. Strawberry Trefoil. Stalks creep- ing, about five inches long. Leaves, on long foot-ftalks, oval, obtufe, bluifh, ferrated. Flowers reduiih white, in, roundifh heads ; calyces bidentate, re- flex. Augufi. In moift paliures. ***** Lupulina : Vexillum reflex. 13. Agrarium. Hop Trefoil. Stalks hard, branch- ed, generally erect. Leaves fmooth, , oval, UlAAElPHIA. DECAKDRIA. 2*1 oval, or heart-fhaped, bluifh, on fhort foot-ftalks. Flowers yellow, on naked pedicles, in imbricated heads, refembling hops. June. In meadows, &c. 14. Procumbens. Procumbent Trefoil. Stalks pro- cumbent, near a foot long. Leaves fmall, heart-fhaped. Flo vers fmall, yellow, in oval, imbricated fpikes, or heads. May— Augufh In meadows, &c. 15. Filiforrrie. Small Trefoil. Stalks very {lender, procumbent, about four inches long. Leaves notched, ftriated, fomcwhat heart-fhaped. Flowers fmall, yellow; calyces on fhort pedicles. May, June. In fandy paftures. LOTUS. Calyx cylindrical, quinqui- • fid ; teeth fliarp, equal. Wings of the ' corolla broad, conniyent upwards. Pod cylindrical, iiiff, longer than the calyx. I. Corniculata. Bird's foct Trefoil. Stalks branch- ed, decumbent. Leaves oblong, pointed, three on each foot-ltalk, with two at the bale. Flowers yellow, in cluiters, on pedicles, from the alas of toe leaves. Seeds numerous. June— Auguft. In meadows, hedges, &c. MEDICAGO. Calyx cylindrical, bel- lying a little, quinquihd. Wings of the corolla connivent under the carina, to which they are fixed by a fhort ap- pendix. Carina birid, oblong, obtule, deflex. Pod fpiral, compreiled, con- taining many feeds. P 2 1, SatiVa. 212 DIADELPBIA. D^CANDRIA-. 1. Sativa. Lucern. Stalks ere£t, branched, abois' two feet high. Leaves numerous, fer- rated, three on each foot-ftalk. Flowers purple> in clufters, on pedicles. June, July. In meadows, &c. 2. Fakata. Yellow Medkk. Stalks numerous, branched, proftrate, fomewhat woody. Leaves yellowifh, narrow, three on each foot-ftalk. Flowers yellow, in clufters, terminal. Pods curved. July. In high roads, &c. 3. Lupulina. Melilot Trefoil. Stalks flender, prqeumbent, above a foot long. Leaves fmall, obtufe. Flowers yellow, in oval fpikes. Pods reniform. May — Auguft. In corn-fields, &c. 4. Arabica. Heart Trefoil, or Clover. Stalks flender, diffufe, eight or ten inches long. Leaves heart-fhaped, on foot- ftalks. Flowers yellow, on pedicles, in clufters. Pods prickly, twilled. May. In meadows, corn-fields, &c. CLASS - FOL Y AD EI>11I A. F 0 L V A N D R*I At ^13 CLASS XVItL POLY 'A DELPHI A: r Many fets of united Stamina. POLYANDRIA. 19 Many Stamina in each fet. - HYPERICUM. Calyx quinquepartite ; fegments oval, concave, permanent. Petals five, regular, ' obt.ufe, fpreading. Filaments in five fets. Piftilla three. 1. Androfsemum. Tutfan, or Park-Leaves. Stalks numerous, hard, firm, two-edged. Leaves oppofite, oval, large. Flowers large, yellow, in clufters, terminal. Pericarpium refembles a berry. The leaves generally grow red in autumn. July, in woods and moiit hedges fre- quent. - 2. Quadrangulum. St. Peter's Wort. Stem qua- drangular, herbaceous, branched, about a foot high. Leaves oppofite, fefiile, oval, obtufe. . Flowers yellow, on pe- dicles. July. In moift hedges. 3. Perforatum. St. John's Wort. Stem two- edged, about two feet high, branched towards the top. Leaves elliptical, op- P 3 pofite, - 2i4 polyadeplhia: polyandria. pofite, obtufe, with pellucid fpotsu. Flowers yellow, in clufters, terminal, yielding a red juice when bruifed. July. In hedges, &c. , 4. Humifufum. 'Trailing St. John's Wort. Stalks procumbent, edged, about fix inches long. Leaves oppolite, fmooth, not punctured. Flowers yellow, fingle, axillary and terminal. July, In mea- dows, &c. 5. Montanum. Imperforate St. John's Wort. S.talfc fingle, fimple, near two feet high, erect. Leaves lai^e, broad, not punctured, fmooth. Flowers yellow, large, on pe- di les, terminal; calyces ferrato-glan- dular. In woods not frequent. 6. Hlrfutum. Hairy St. Johns Wort. Stalks round, erect. Leaves oval* hairy. Flowers yellow; caiyces ierrato glandular. July. In hedges, &c. , 7. Pulchrum. Wpttgjjt St. John's Wort. Stem round, naked, erect. Leaves heart- fliapej, fmooth, oppofite, conjugate. Flowers yellow j calyces ferrato-glan- dular. Juiy. In woods, hedges, &c. 8. Elodes. Marjh St. Peter's Wort. Stalks creep, ing, r.;vr a foot long, round. Leaves oppi>;ue, round ifh, wooly. Flowers yellow, terminal. July. On bogs, &c. CLASS fYNOENESIA. POLYGAMIA iEQUAtlS. 2^5 CLASS XIX. SYNGENESIA. Flowers compound, except the laft order : receptacle and calyx common to many feffile, monopetalous florets : antherse five in each floret, collected in a cylin- der : germen monolpermous under each floret. I. POLYGAMIA JEQVALIS. JEQV Florets all hermaphrodite. - * Florets TtzuTdie. TRAGOPOGON. Common calyx of eight leaves united at the h; ie. Recepta- cle naked. Down of the feed feathered, with about thirty radii. i. Pratenfe. Yellow Goat' 's-beard. Root conical, anular, efculcnt. Stem creel:, branched, graffy, about two feet high. Leaves long, carinated, narrow, intire, feffile, grally. Flowers yellow, large, finale, terminal j calyx equal with the florets. Shuts at noon. In meadows. &c. Pi 2. Porri- / 2*6 SYNGENESIA. POLYGAMIC MQVAlli. 2. Porrifolium. Purple Goafs-beard. Root long*, thick, efculent. Stalks jointed, abou£ two feet high. Leaves, long, pointed, bluifh. Flowers large, purple, fmglc, terminal ; caiyx longer than the radius of the flower. In meadows, &c. In gardens called falfafie. PICRIS. Calyx, double ; the interior im- bricated, exterior of live leaves. Re- ceptacle naked. Down of the iezd fea- thered. Seed tranfverfely tu^owed. '2. Echioides. Ox-tongtte. Stalks branched, about eighteen inches high. Leaves long, nar- row, rough. Flowers yellow, in leafy heads ; calyx furrounded by a large in.- volucrum. July, Auguft. Annual. Q. Hieracioides. Yellow Succory, or Rough Hawk- weed, Stalk a foot and a half high, branched, hairy. Leaves embrace the item, hairy, almoft cval ; thefe from the root indented. Flowers large, yellow, on long naked pedicles ; calyx black, with yellow hairs, imbricated. Seeds curved. July. Annual. In corn-fields. SONCHL^S. Calyx imbricated, bellying, conical ; fcales narrow, numerous, un- equal. Receptacle naked. Down of the feed fimple. feffcle, very foft. Seed cval, pointed, |, Pajuftris. Marfn cow Thijile. Stem erecT, fix or eight feet high, branched and hairy towards tjie top. Leaves firm, broad, SYNGENESIA. POLYGAMIA JEQUALIS. ll'J broad, half- pinnated, ferrated, fharp- pointed. Flowers deep yellow, large, difperfed. on the tops of the branches ; calyx rough. Auguft. In marines. 2. Arvenfis. Tree Soiv Thijile. Differs fo little from the laft, that it ought certainly to be confidered only as a variety. In corn-fields, &c. 3. Oleraceus. Common Sozv Thijile. Stalk firm, erect, much branched. Leaves broad, embracing the Item, generally deeply finuated, fmooth or prickly at the edges. Flowers pale yellow, numerous, in a kind of umbel, terminal ; calyx fmooth. June— Sept. In corn-fields, roads, &c. 4. Alpinus. Blue-floivered Soiv Thijile. Stalk erect, purplifh, branched, or fimple, from three to fix feet high. Leaves large, fmooth, finuated ; the extreme fegment large, triangular. Flowers blue, on hairy vifcid pedicles, in long fpikes j calyx brown. Wall'it sjorthumb. LACTUCA. £alyx imbricated, cylin- drical. Receptacle naked. Down fim- ple, connected to the feed by a Item, or ftyle. J. Virofa. Strong-Jcentcd wild Lettuce. Stem firm, hollow, five feet high. Leaves large, indented, with a fpinous middle rib. Flowers fmall, yellow, numerous, ter- minal. Seed black. Juice fmells like opium. July, Auguft. Biennial. In hedges, &C. 2. Sali^na. 4 2i8 S-YN'GJBNESIA. POLYGAMIA JEQUALrs. a. Saligna. Leaji wild Lettuce. Stalk about a foot high. Leaves long, narrow, with prickly ridges j thofe below pinna*, tifid. Flowers yellow, very fmall ; ca- lyx- tubular. Auguft. , On the banjos or ditches. PRENANTHES. Calyx {lender, double, cylindrical, of few fcales, rarely more than five. Receptacle naked. Down of the feed fimple, on a (hort ftyle. Flo- rets in a fmgie feries. ■ I. Muralis. . Ivy-leaved wild Lettuce. Stalk ereft, about two feet high. Leaves deeply cut at the bafe j the extreme fegment large, triangular, trilobed. Flowers fmall, yellow, on naked pedicles ; flof- coles five. July. On walls, and in woods, &c. LEONTODON. Calyx imbricated, ob- long ; interior fcales linear, parallel, equal ; exterior few, generally reflex, Down of thejeed on a pedicle, and fea- thered. Receptacle naked. Perennial. I , Taraxacum, Dandelion. Stalk erect, fimple, hollow, eight or ten inches high. Leaves in a circle, on the ground, deeply in';ent"d, foft ; fegments triangular, the ext -e. one larger!. Flower yellow, targe, fingle, terminate ; calyx reflex beneath. The whole plant full of bit- ter milk. April July. Meadows, Ov'c. common. 2. Hifpidum, . SYNGENESIA. POLYGAMIA iEQUALIS. 219 2. Hifpidum. Rough Dandelion. Calyx intirely ered"t, rough, brown. Leaves rough; otherwife like the laft. May — July. 2 Autumnale. Yellow Devifs-bit. Stem branched, leaning, about eight inches high. Leaves fmooth, launce-fhaped, intire, dentated. Flowers Tingle, yellow, on fcaly pedi- cles ; fcales of the calyx fmooth, erect. Root bitten off; Auguft. In meadows, &c. HIERACIUM. Calyx imbricated, oval > fcales ereit, unequal. Receptacle naked, Down of the feed fimple, ieffile. Seed fhort, almoft cylindrical, or conic, fur- rowed. * Stalk naked> bearing a Jingle fewer. .. . I. Alpinum. Mountain Hawkweed. Stalk fix or eight inches high, naked, fomewhat fcaly. Leaves oblong, dentated, hairy. Flower fingle, large ; calyx black, hairy. In Wales. July. ■ a, Pilofella. Common creeping Mouje-ear. Stalks creeping ; that which bears the flower eredt, befet with black hairs, and fuel- ling towards the top. Leaves oval, in- tire, downy white beneath. Flower pale yellow; calyx cylindrical, rough, black. May. Annual. In meadows, &c. * * Stalk naked, bearing fiver al fewer s. % Dubium. Moufe-ear Hawkweed. Stalks fim- ple, about a foot long, creeping ; that which 110 SYNG^KESIA'. FOLYGAAlJA ^Qt'ALIS. which hears the .flowers ered. Leases . green on both iidss, befet with long hairs, latince-fhapeSi, fiigtatlv ferrated. FJowers four 01 .. vc, ("mall, pale yel- low. July, Augult. Perennial. Weft- -mcrehnd, &c. 4. Auricula. Narrow -uaved Hqwkyjccd. Differs very little frcm the laft, unlefs the flower- bearing ftalk.be constantly forked near the middle, of which I am not certain. * * * Stalks leafy. 5. Murorum. French, or golden Lungwort. Stalk branched, about two feet long, hairy, with one or two narrow leaves. Radi- cal leaves oval, hairy, dentated. Flowers yellow, in a kind of umbel. July. On walls, in woods, &c. 6. Paludofum. Succory-leaved Hawkweed. Leaves embrace the ftem, gradually tapering to a point,' fmooth, minutely dentated. Flowers large, yellow, in a panicle, ter- minal; calyx black, rough. July. In moiit meadows. f, Sabaudum. Eroad-lenved lifcy Haivkweed. Stalk firm, erect, about a yard high, purplifh. Leaves elliptical, pointed, ■firm, hairy, dentated. Flowers yellow, numerous, from the aflse of the upper leaves. July, Auguft. In woods and hedges, &c. 8. Umbellatum. Narrow-leaved lujhy Hawkweed. Stalk firm, ereel, three or four feet "high. Leaves numerous, narrow, fliarply den- ' tated SYNGENE5IA. FOLYCAMIA JEQVALIS. ill tated, or intire. Flowers yellow, on long pedicles, in umbels, terminal ; ca~ Ivx livid, ftnooth. Seed purple. July, Auguft. In woods and hedges. CREPIS. Calyx double- the exterior expanded, very fliort, deciduous ; inte- rior iimple. Down of the feed feather- ed, and railed on a long pedicle. 1. Fcetida. Stinking Hawkwced. Stalk branched, about a foot high. Leaves pinnated ; pinrias alternately lefs, fharp-pointed. Flowers yellow, purplifh on the outfide, drooping before they blow. Smells like bitter almonds. June, July. In paf- tures, but rare. 2. Tc&orum. Smooth Succory Hawkweed, Stalk hard, firm, ftriuted, much branched, a foot high. Leaves fmooth, fertile ; thofe from the root pinnato-dentate ; the reft Jaunce-fhaped, intire, or fiightly dentate. Flowers yellow, very fmall ; calyx fomewhat hairy, clammy. Seed very fong. June. Annual. In paftures, on walls, tkc. every where. 3. Biennis. Rough Succory Hawkweed. Stalk thick, angular, rough, three or four feet high, branched, fragile. Leaves deeply finuated, rough beneath. Flowers yel- low, not large, on long pedicles, from the alse; of the leaves ; calyx furrowed,- befet with foft fpines. July, Auguft. In meadows, hedges, &c. HYOSERIS 222 SYNGENESIA. POLYGAMIA JEQUAL1S. HYPOSERIS. Receptacle naked. Ca- lyx of ten leaves, imbricated ; fcales erect, equal. Down of the feed fimple, capillary, or obfolete. l. Minima. Small Swine's Succory. Stalk naked, divided, about fix inches high. Leaves narrow, intire. Flowers yellow, on fork- ed pedicles, enlarging towards the top. May, June. In meadows and corn-fielda about London. HYPOCrL&RIS. Receptacle fcaly. Ca- lyx roundifh, imbricated, bellying at the bafe. Down of the feed raifed on a pedicle, and feathered. 1. Maculata. Spotted Hawkweed. Stalk generally fimple, almoft naked, near two feet 5 high. Leaves hairy, oval, dentated, often with brown fpots. Flower yel- low, large, fingle, generally doled ; calyx black, hairy, of large fcales. July. On high ground. 2. Glabra. Smooth Hawkweed. Stalk branched, fmooth, naked. Leaves fmuated, den- tated, frnooth. Flower yellow, fmall j calyx oblong ; down partly feffile. July, in high paftures : about Briltol frequent. 3. Radicata. Long-rooted Hawkweed. Stalk naked, branched, near two feet high. Leaves finuated, dentated, rough ; den- ticles rectangular. Flower yellow, full, purplifh on the outfide ; pedicles thick- eft near the flower ; calyx a little hairy. May, June. In meadows, &c. : LAPSANA. 5YNGENESIA. POLYGAMIA XQV ALIS. 2.2$ LAPSANA. Receptacle naked. Calyx imb.\".t.d, double, angular, with a few additional feales at the baje ; inte- rior icales channelled. Seeds naked, oblong, itriated. i. Communis Nipphtvort. Stalk erect, from two to five feet high, branched at the top. Buitom leaves on long fuotfialis, . deeply iiuuated near the bale ; upper leaves launce-fhaped, ferrated. Flowers fmall, yellow, in umbels, terminal. June, July. In hedges, &c. frequent. CICHORIUM. Receptacle fcaly. Ca- lyx double j the interior of eight feales forming a cylinder; exterior of five. Seeds without down, or very little. j. Intybus. llnld Succory. Stalk about two feet high, fimple, or fometimes branched. Leaves finuated, dentated. Flowers blue, feiTile, lateral. Scaler of the exte- rior calyx fringed. July, Auguit. On wafte ground frequent. * * Florets tubular, equal, collected in a roundifn head. ARCTIUM. Calyx globofe, imbricated i feales refiex, hooked. I. Lappa. Burdock, or Clot- bur. Leaves heart- fhaped, not prickly, on foot-ftalks. July, Augud. Biennial. In high roads, vvalte ground, &c. . SERRATULA. Calyx cylindrical, im- bricated ; feales pointed, but not hooked nor fpinous. I. Tinctoria. 224 SYNGENESIA. POLYGAMIA JEQUALIS; i» Tinaoria. Saw-wort. Stalk erea, flender, branched at the top, three feet high. Leaves fmooth, pinnatifidj ferrated. Flowers purple, in umbels, terminal. Down of the feed glofly, with a brown or gold tinge. July. In woods, mea- dows, &C 2. Alpina. Mountain Saxv-wort. Root and ftem woody ; the latter from one to two feet high. Leaves numerous, triangular, long-pointeds fubftantial, dark green above, white beneath » ferrated, with round intervals between the teeth, on foot-ftalks. Flowers purple. Scales of the calyx very fhort, downy. July. On high mountains in Wales, and in the North of England. i. Arvenfis. Corn Saivwort, or Way Tbijlle. Stem generally erea, branched, two or three feet high. Leaves finuated, fer- rated, fpinous j thofe above almoft in- tire. Flowers pale purple ; down very lon°\ July. In high roads and corn- fields frequent. CARDUUS. Calyx oval, imbricated; fcales numerous, fpinous, itraight. Re- ceptacle hairy. Down of the feed kf- file, long. * Leaves deciirrcnt. 1* Lanceolatus. Spear Thi/ile. Stem branched, two feet high. Leaves pinnatifid, rough, fpinous; fegments divaricated. Flowers purple; heads feflilej terminal. Calyx i hairy, SYNGENESIA. POLYGAMIA iEQ^UALIS. 225 fiairy, fpinous. July. In high roads frequent. 2. Nutans. Mv.fk Tlv/tle. Stalk branched, two or three feet high, fpinous, winged and downy., Leaves firm, giofiy, deeply finuated, waved;, fpinous, with a white rib. Flower large, purple, generally fingle, terminal, pendulous. Spines of the calyx yellow, itiiF. Seed brown, gioily. Smells like mufk. July. . In dry pail u res, &c. 3. Acanthoides. Welted Tbijlie. Stalk two or three feet high, with downy fpinous wings. Leaves. deeply finuated, waved, fpinous, downy beneath. Flowers pale red, fmall, feliile. Spines of the calyx yellow. June, July. Annual. In roads, ditch-banks, &c. 4. Crifpus. Thi/lle upon Thijile. Stalk brittle, branched, erecl:, three feet high, with long, narrow, fpinous wings. Leaves finuated, fringed, fpinous, downy on the under fide. Flowers fmall, aggre- gated, terminal, purple. Spines of the calyx foft. June. Roads, ditches, &c. 5. Paluftris. MarfnThlfile. Stalk five or fix feet high. Leaver narrow, dentated, fpi- nous. FloWtrs purple, in bunches, erecl, terminal. Caiyx fmooth. July. In fenny ground. 6. DilTecru;. Ek.!:JJj f.p, or Gentle Thi/lle. Sfajk erect, two ortnree feet high. Leaves ijnce-fhapcd, hoary, without fpines, 4fAtated. •. lowers purple, large, gene- Vol. II. Q, rally 226 SYNGENESIA. PO LYGAMIA JEQUALIS. rally Tingle ; calyx fpinous. June, July. In tens frequent. * * Leaves fejfile. 7. Marianus. Milk Th>Jile, or Ladys ThtftU. Stalk five feet high, firm, branched. Leaves very large, pinnatifid, fpinous, waved, indented, ftreaked with white veins. Flowers large, purple; calyx fpinous. July, in ditches, &c. 8. Eriophorus. Woolly-headedThiftle. Stalk about fix feet high, firm, branched. Leaves a foot long, rough, downy beneath, doubly pinnatifid ; fegments alternately ere<5r, fpinous. Flowers purple, in large round heads ; fcales of the calyx ered:, covered with filky down, and termi- nated by a yellow fpine. July. In mountainous pafturcs, &c. 9. Helenioides. Melancholy Tbijlle. Stalk erect, firm, five or fix feet high, furrowed, downy. Leaves numerous, launce- fhaped, white beneath, dentated, fringed with foft fpines. Flower fingle, large, purple, terminal. June, July. in Wales and the North of England. 10. Acaulis. DivarfCarline Tbijlle. Stemfcarce an inch long. Leaves fpread on the ground, large, deeply divided, waved, fpinous. Flower purple, very large, clofing at night, and in rainy weather. Root woody, branched, black. July. In dry paltures. !.• ONOFOR- SYNGENESIA. POLYGAMIA JEQUAL1S. 21f ONOPORDUM. Calyx imbricated, bellying ; fcales numerous, fpinous, prominent, downy. Receptacle naked. Down of the feed capillary. I. Acanthidum. Cotton *Thi/lle. Stalk five or fix feet high, branched, winged, with den- tated membranes. Leaves feflile, oval- oblong, varioufly finuated ; fpines rigid, fharp. Flowers purple, large, terminal ; fpines on the lower part of the calyx, reflex. July. On wafte ground, ditches, &c. CARLINA. Calyx imbricated, radiate; interior fcales long, coloured. Down of the feed branched, feathered. I. Vulgaris. Wild Car line Thijile. Stalk erect, branched, purple,Hrom three inches to a foot and half high. Leaves feflile, itrong, downy, dentated, with two yellow fpines to each denticle. Flowers purple, in a kind of umbel, terminal. The inner fcales of the calyx yellowifh. June. In dry paflures, &c. *** Flowers difcoide. Florets tubular. BIDENS. Calyx imbricated. Corol- lula; quinquifid. Seed with two long, rough, ariitae. Sometimes there are a few ligulate radiant flofcules. Recep- tacle fcaiy. I. Tripartita. Trifid Water -Hemp Jgrimony. Stalk much branched, two feet high. Leaves three or five on each foot-lcalk, deeply ferrated. Flowers yellow, terminal. Q_ 2 Seeds 228 SYNGEN.ESIA. POLVGAMIA JEQV ALIS. Seeds erect. July, Auguft. In fens, &c. 2. Cernua. IVhale-kaved Water-Hemp Airhnony. Differs from the laft in the leaves being feflile, fing-le, and the flower drooping, and larger. EUPATORIUM. Calyx imbricated; feales few, ereii. Florets quinquifid, five in each calyx. Style very long, deeply divided. Receptacle naked. Down of the feed feathered. • i. Canabinutn. Hemp Agrimony. Stalk hairy, quadrangular, from three to feven feet high. Leaves ferrated, launce-fhaped, three on each foot-ifalk. Flowers paje red, fmall, in large flat-topped clutters, terminal. June September. Near rivers, fcc. ATHANASIA. Calyx imbricated, oval ; icales compact. Receptacle fcaly. Flo- rets uniform, numerous.- I, Maritima. Sea Cudweed. Stalks numerous, white, a foot high. Leaves launce- fhaped, intire, obtufe, notched, downy. Flowers yellow and white, in cluftcrs, terminal. June, July. On the coaft. II. POLY- SYffCENESIA. POLYGAMIA SUPEIFLUA. 22^ II. POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Florets of the dilk hermaphrodite j thole of the radius female. * Difcide. TANACETUM. Calyx imbricated, hemifpherical ; fcaTes acute. RaJii ob- folete, trifid . Receptacle convex, naked, fced riaked. I. Vulgare. Common Tanfy . Stem erec>, branch- ed, three or four feet high. Leaves bi- pinnated, ferrated.. Flowers yellow- in riaked plane clufters, terminal. \\\ mountainous pafr,urej> in the North. ARTEMESIA. Cafy* imbricated ; fcaJes rounded, connivenc. Seeds naked. Ra- dii o. Receptacle plane, naked, or downy. * Procumbent b'fore fkxve irrg. - ■ 1. Campeftris. Field Souther mvood. Stems feve- ral, branched, wood), near two feet high. Leaves grey-grccn, mukihd, on Jong foot-ftalks. Flowers fmall, brown, in lhort fpikes, on ftrai^lit, lateral twigs. Augult. In mouniainous paituies, &c. 2. Maritima. Sea Wormwood. Stem branched,- about two feet high. Leaves multipar- tite, downy. Flowers brown, in droop- ing duller-, terminal ; t'tmale flofcuies ternate. Attgult. On the 'coafr. Q_3 ** Ereci : 230 SYNGENESIA. POLYGAMIA SUFERFLUA. ** Ere SI : leaves compete. 3. Abfinthium. Common Wormwood. Stem hard, branched, from one to three feet high. Leaves dark green above, white, downy on the under fide, multifid, compofite. Flowers Jingle, on pedicles, in unilate- ral fpikes, pendulous. Receptacle woolly. Auguft. On wafte ground. 4. Vulgaris. Mugwort. Stalk firm, erect, three or four feet high, purple. Leaves pin- natifid ; fegments long, pointed, cut in the edges, white, downy on the un- der fide. Flowers purplifh, ere<5t, oval, feffile, in long fpikes, on the tops of the branches. Auguft, In hedges, Sec. GNAPHALIUM. Calyx imbricated; fcales rounded, membranous, coloured, after flowering expanded. Down of the feed as long as the flofcules, capil- lary, or feathered. Female flowers without corolla. Receptacle naked. 1. Margaritaceum. American Cudweed. Stem thick, branched at the top, downy, three or four feet high. Leaves long, narrow, pointed, downy beneath, al- ternate, flowers terminal, in a loofe kind of umbel. Scales of the calyx partly white, without glofs. Florets yellowifh green. Auguft. In meadows, &c. 2. Sylvaticum. Upright Cudweed. Stalks ere<5r, fimple, or rather thick fet with very fhort branches, two feet high. Leaves very narrow, acute, downy beneath, erect. Flowers yellowifh s females molt nurae SYNGENESIA. POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 231 numerous, on fhort branches all along the upper part of the (tern. Calyx whitifh, fhining. Auguft. In woods, heaths, &c. 3. Ulfginofum. Black-headed Cudweed. Stem diffufe, branched, about eight inches high. Leaves long, narrow. Flowers yellowifh, in black heads, terminal. Auguft. In ftagnant water, Sec. CONYZA. Calyx imbricated, oblong j fcales acute, reflex. Receptacle naked. Down fimple. Female flofcules trifid, marginal. I. Squarrofa. Plowman's Spikenard. Stalk firm, erect, brancheJ, two feet high. Leaves launce-fhaped, dark green, wrinkled, downy beneath. Flowers purpliih dead yellow, in loofe clufters, terminal. Scales of the calyx purple-pointed. Fe- male flowers numerous. July, Auguft. In dry paftures, &c. ** Radiate. ER1GERON. Calyx oblong, imbrica- ted ; fcales long, narrow, ere£t. Fe- male florets ligulate, erect, very nar- row. Receptacle naked. Down of the feed Ample, long. I. Canadenfe. Canada Fleahane. Stem erect, hairy, from two to four feet high, much branched. Leaves long, narrow, in- tire, pale green. Ligulate florets nu- merous, reddifh white ; tubular yellow. Flowers ieveral on each fhort pedicle, Q_ 4 from Ill SY/NGENESIA. POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. from the alae of the leaves, furrounding erecvt branches, in long loofe fpik.es. Auguft. In wafte ground about Lon- don frequent. 2. Acre. Blue- flowered Bleabane. Stalk from three inches to two feet high, rough, purplifh. Leaves long, narrow, waved, a little hairy. Flowers on alternate pedicles, fingle. Difk yellow ; florets of the radius blue, about forty in number. July, Aug-uft. , TUSSILAGO. Calyx cylindrical ; fcales equal, fifteen or twenty, equal with the difk. Receptacle naked, down fimple. Corolla various.' 1. Farfara, Common Coltsfoot. Sfc^lk fcaly, about eight inches high, fupporting a fingle, yellow, radiate flower. Leaves heart-, fhaped, angular, dentated, radical, ap- pearing after the 'flower. March. In moift ground. 2. Kybrida. Low-jltdked Butter-bur. Stalk two or three feet high. Leaves very large. Flowers reddifh, on veiy long branched pedicles, pendulous, in long loofe fpikes, Scales of the calyx in a double feries, downy. Female florets numerous, fmall, tubular; piftillum long, horned ; her- maphrodites one or two. April. In moift meadows, &c. gt Patafites. Common Butter Lur. Stalks fimple, purple, fcaly. about a foot high, riling before the leaves. Florets pale red, tu- bular, all hermaphrodite, regular, from ter\ gYNG£N£SIA. fOLYQAMIA SUPERFLUA. 233 ten to twenty in number. Scales of the calyx in four feries, reddifti. Leaves, on long foot-ftalks, hearL-fhaped, den- tated, fomewhat downy beneath, in May. Flowers in oval fpikes. March, April. In moift meadows, &c. SENECIO. Calyx cylindrical, double ; fcales equal and contiguous, fo as to feem intire; thofe at the bafe few; apices dead. Receptacle naked. Flofcules of the difk tubular ; thofe of the radius, if there be any, Jigulate, 1. Vulgaris. Common Groundfel^ov Simfsn. Stalk erec~t, thick, much branched, a foot high. Leaves feflile, fmooth, finuated ; fegrpents fhort, broad, minutely ferrated. Flowers fmall, yellow, numerous, ter- minal, without radii. May. In cul- tivated ground, &c. every where. * Radii revolute. 2. Vifcofus. Coiton.Groundfel) or Stinking Ground- fcl. Stalk ere£t, branched at the top, two. feet high, Leaves felHle, pinna- tifid, vifcid, downy. Flowers yellow, in umbels, terminal ; radii very fnort ; fcales of the calyx converge at the top. June. On fandy ground frequent. 3. Sylvaticus. Mountain Groundfel. Stalk erecl, :.■-., lit a foot high. Leaves pinnatifid, dentated, fomewhat hairy. Flowers fiKal!, yellow, on feparate pedicles, in clutters, terminal. July. In woodb, heaths, &c. frequent. * * Rad 234 SVNGENESIA. POLYGAMIA SUPERPLUA. * * Radii flraight : leaves pinnatijid. 4. Erucifolius. Hoary perennial Ragwort. Stalk erect, downy, white, two feet high. Segments of the leaves narrow, divided at the ends, downy beneath. Flowers yellow, in clufters, terminal. July. In woods', hedges, &c. 5. Jacobaea. Common Ragwort. Stalks eredl:, thick, branched towards the top, three feet high. Leaves pinnatifid, or regu- larly dentated. Flowers yellow, on branched' pedicles, in large clufters, ter- minal. July. In paftures frequent. * * * Radii Jlraigbt : leaves not divided. 6. Paludofus. Marjh Ragworty or Bird's Tongue. Stalks ere&, branched towards the top, four or five feet high. Leaves long, narrow, ferrated, downy beneath. Flowers yellow, large. Auguft. Irj fens, ditches, &c. 7. Saracenicus. Broad-leaved Ragwort. Stalk ere<5t, fimple, four or five feet high. Leaves numerous, firm, elliptical, dark green, ferrated. Flowers feveral on each pedicle, erect, yellow, in clufters, terminal. July, Auguft. In moiit paftures, &c. ASTER. Calyx imbricated ; lower fcales reflex. Radii more than ten, triden- tate. Receptacle naked. Down fim- ple. I. Tri- SYNGENESIA. POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 235 I, Tripolium. Sea Starivort. Stalk firm, two or three feet high, branched at the top. Leaves launce-fhaped, thick, intire, fmooth. Flowers large, in cl niter,, ter- minal ; difk yellow, radius blue. Attn guft. On the coafi. SOLIDAGO. Calyx imbricated ; fc^cs curved inward Radii about live. Re- ceptacle naked. Down hmple. Flowers loofe, in (pikes parallel to the ftem. I, Virgaurea. Golden Rod. Stalks two or ihree feet high, branched. Leaves ovato- launce-ihapcd, ferrated, on foot-ltulks. Flowers yellow, numerous, in fpikes from the aire of the leaves, cr^ci, dter- nate ; radii trinervate, conuaJ.ed at the* apex. July« I11 woods, hedges, Lc. INULA. Calyx imbricated ; fcales loofe, fpreading, of equal length. Radii nu- merous, linear, intire. Antherze with ten briltles at the bafe. Down fimple. 1. Helenium. Elecampane. Root very large. . Stalk five or fix feet high, firm, erecl. Leaves numerous, very large, embracing the Hem, oval, downy beneath, ferrated. Flowers large, yell .wifh-grecn ; leaks of the calyx very broad. July, Auguit:. In moilt meadows, &c. 2. Dvfenrerica. Middle Fleabane. Stalk hairy, about two feet high. Leaves cordato- oblong, embracing the (tern, downy, pointed, waved at the edge. Flowers yellow, numerous, fingle, on pedicles ; icalcs 236 SYNGENESIA. POLYGAMIA SUPERFtUA. fcales of the calyx very numerous, hairy. Radii tridentate. Smell and tafte acrid. Auguft. Banks of rivers, ditches, &c. 3. Pulicaria. Stnall Fleabane. Stalk much branched, purple, near two feet, long, often proftrate. Leaves waved, cm- bracing the ftem, fcetid. Flowers yel- lowifh, terminal and lateral, often without radii. Calyx very hairy. Au- guft, September, in ftagnant water. 4. Crithmoides. Golden Sampire. Stalk firm, ere&. Leaves linear, thick, three-point- ed. Flower fingle, yellow, terminal. Auguft. In meadows near the coaft. CINERARIA. Calyx fimple, of many equal leaves. Radii ligulate, equal in number with the leaves of the calyx. Receptacle naked. Down iimple. I. Paluftris. Marjh Fleabane. Stalk erecl, branched, woolly. Leaves feflile, cover- ing the ftalk, finuated, ferrated, launce- fhaped. Flowers yellow,. numerous* terminal. Auguft. In fens, &c. 0,: Alpina. Mountain Ragwort. Stalk erect, branched at the top, a foot high. Leaves. intire, woolly, ieffile, launce-fhaped. Flowers yellow, large, in umbels, ter- minal. ' June. In mountainous paf- tures, &c. EELLIS. Calyx fimple, hemifpherical ; fcales in a double ieries„ equal. Recep- tacle SYNGENESIA. POLYGAMJA SUPERFLUA. '237 taclc conic, naked. Down o. Radii numerous, intire. Seed oval. I. Perennis. Common Daify. Stalks naked, three or four inches high. Leaves oblong, obtufe, notched, fpread upon the ground. P'lowers fingle, yellow and white. March — O&ober. In meadows, &c, every where. CHRYSANTHEMUM.- Receptacle naked. Down o. Calyx hemiipheri- cal, imbricated; fcales compadt ; the in- terior ones gradually larger, and thole in the margin membranous. Radii more than twelve, tridentate. 1. Leucanthemum. Great Daify, or Ox eye. Stalk eredt, about a foot and a half hio-h. Leaves embrace the ftcm, oblong, fer- rated. Flowers like the common daify, but larger, one at the extremity of each branch. May. In paftures, &c. 2, Segetum. Corn Marygold. Stalk about two feet high, branched. Leaves embrace the item, numerous, deeply laciniated. Flowers yellow, large, terminal. June, July. In corn-fields. MATRICARIA. Calyx hemifphericai, imbricated ; fcales linear, fub-equal, margin folid. Down 0. Receatacle naked. Radii tridentate. U Parthenium. Feverfew. Stalks branched, erect, two or three ftet high. Leaves compofite, folioli oval, and deeply cut at the edges. Flowers white, with a vellow 238 SYNGENESIA. POLYGAMIA SUPERELUA. yellow, difk, on naked branched pedicles, in cluiters, terminal. June. On waltc ground. 2. Maritima. Sea Feverfeiv. Receptacle hemi- fpherical. Leaves bipinnatui, fubltan- tial, fhort, convex above, car mated be- neath, dark green. July. On the coaft. 3. Chamomilla. Corn Feverfew, or Common Cha- momile. Stalks (lender, branched, near two feet high. Leaves fupradecompo- fite, fegments narrow. Flowers white, with a yellow difk. Receptacle coni- cal ; fcales of the calyx equal at the margin. June. In corn-fields. 4. Suaveolens. Sweei-fcented Feverfew. Recep- tacle conic. Radii deflex. Scales of the calyx equal at the margin. Leaves in narrow fegments, fragrant. May. On fandy ground frequent. ANTHEMIS. Calyx hemifpherical ; fcales linear, fub-c;qual. Receptacle fcaly, conic. Down o. Radii more than five. X. Maritima. Sea Chamomile. Stalks proftrate, branched, purplifh. Leaves pinnated, dentated, iubitantial, punclured, pur- plifh. Flowers white, with a yellow difk, fmgie, terminal j pedicles fome- what downy, and thicker towards the end. Auguft. On the coaft. 2. Nobilis. Swect-jcented Chamomile. Stalks pro- cumbent, much branched, about a foot long. 3YNGENESIA. POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 239 long. Leaves pinnato-compofite, linear, acute, fomewhat downy. Flowers white, with a yellow diflc, angle, terminal j radii defiex. July, Auguit. In paf- tures, radii not more than eleven. Auguft. In rhoHl woods, &c. '■> ^ III. POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA. .... Florets of the difk hermaphrodite •> thofe of the radius neuter. CENTAUREA. Calyx imbricated. Flof- cules tubular ; thofe in the radius larger, and irregularly divided. Receptacle briftly. Down fimple. * Scales of the calyx fringed. 1. Cyanus. Blue-lotths. Stalk firm, erec~r, (len- der, ribbed, fomewhat downy, about a foot and half hirrh, branched towards the top, with long, narrow, feffile leaves ; thofe below are dentated. Flowers blue, large, terminal. July. Annual. In corn-fields. 2. Scabiofa. Great Knapweed, or Matfellon. Stalk hard, erect, branched, two or. three feet high. Leaves alternate, pinnatifid ; fegments launce-fhaped. Flowers pur- ple, in roundifh compact heads ; fingle, on long naked pedicles ; fringe of the fcales brown. June, July. in corn- fields, &c. 3. Jacea. ZYVCF.SF.SIA. TOLYGAMIA NECESSARIA. 24I 3. Jacea. Common Krapzveed. Stalk erect, about a foot high, with angular branches. Leaves launce-fhaped; thoC: below firma- ted, dentated. Flowers purple, in rou rid ifii heads ; fcales femicircular, with a black fringe. July, Ajjguft. In meadows, &c. * * Scales of the calyx fpincus. 4. Calcitrapa. StarThiftle. Stalk branched, about two feet long, not erect. Leaves foft, hairy, pinnatihd, dentated, feffile. Flowers purple, in feflile, lateral heads ; external iiorets form a regular radiated circle. July. In meadows, &c. 5. Solftitialis. St. BarnalfsTbiflle. Stalk creel, nbout two feet high. Leaves on the item pinnatihd ; thofe on the branches decurrent, launce-fhnped. Flowers yel- low, in fmall heads, terminal ; fcales of the calyx with double ipines. July, In hedges, not common. IV. POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA. Florets of the difk male; thofe of the radius female. FILAGO. Calyx imbricated. Herma- phrodite florets in the difk numerous ; icmin He fcarce viiiblc, among the fcalc* of the calyx. Receptacle naked. Down o. I, Germanica. Common Cudweed. Stein ere.fr , forked, branched, v. ith many leave?, V-efc. II. R near 242 SY AGENESIA. MONOGAMIA. near a foot high. Leaves long, narrow downy. Flowers brown, in round downy heads, at the divifion of the branches. Calyx pentagonal ; fcales glofly, acute. June, July. In mea- dows, dec. 2. Montana. Leafl Cudiveed. Stalk erect, forked, branched, from three to fix inches high. Leaves numerous, downy, very narrow, half an inch long. Flowers in conical heads, axillary and lateral. June, July. In fandy meadows, he. 3. Gallica. Corn Cudiveed. Stalk forked, erect, much branched, three inches high. Leaves very narrow. Flowers pyrami- . dal, axillary, numerous. June, July. In corn-fields. VI. MONOGAMIA. Flowers fimple. JASIONE. Calyx of ten leaves. Co- rolla of five petals, regular. Capfule pentagonal, below the germen, bilo- cular. U Montana. Hairy Sheep's Scabious. Stalks fe- veral, branched, not quite erect, about a foot high. Leaves on the ground nu- merous, long, narrow, obtufe, waved, fcrrated, hairy. Flowers blue, on pedi- cles, in roundifh heads, on long naked branches. June, July. Heaths, pai- tures, &w LOBELIA. SY tfC 2. \<1 SI A. MONOCAMIA. 244 LOBELIA. Calyx quinquifid. Corol- la monopetaloas, irregular. Capfulc below the germen, bilocular. I. Dortmanna. Water Glacl'iole. StalS; naked, or with few leaves, about two feet high. Leaves from the root twelve or fourteen in number, narrow, bilocular, intire. Flowers pale purple, in loofe fpilces, pendulous. July, Auguit. In the lakes in the North. VIOLA. Calyx of five leaves, fliort. Coro'.la of five petals, irregular ; the upper one notched, and ending in a fpur behind;, the lateral pair obtufe j the two under petals broader. Stamina 5. Style 1 . Capfule above the germen, unilocular, trivalve. * Without fi cm. 1. Hirta. Hairy Violet. Leaves heart-fhaped, hairy. Without fcions. Flowers pale blue, large, inodorous. April. la hedges, &c. 2. Paluftris. Mar/b Violet. Leaves fmooth, re- niform, two or three on each foot ftaHc. Flowers pale blue, fmall, inodorous. June. In marl hy ground. 3. Odorata. Purple fujeet Violet. Leaves h;0 DIOECIA. TETRANDRIA. It Nigrum. Black-lerried Heatb, Crow, or Crake Berries. A low weak fhrub, much branched. Leaves numerous, fhort, ob- tufe. Flowers green or reddifh, in the alae of the leaves. CAREX. For the generic character, fee Monoecia Triandria. I. Dioeca. Small Carex. Spike fingle, fimple, oblong. Culm and leaves {lender, tri- angular. June. On bogs, &c. VALERIANA. See Triandria Mono- gynia. I. Dioica. Small Wild or Marftj Valerian. Ro6t creeping. Stalk ftriated, a foot high. Radical leaves fingle, oval ; thofe above pinnated, intire. Flowers reddifh white, in large tufts, terminal, and in the alze of the leaves. June. In moiff. meadows. III. TETRANDRIA. Male flowers with four {lamina.. VISCUM. Male: Calyx quadripartite. Corolla o. Filaments o. Antheras ad- hering to the calyx. Female : Calyx of four leaves, above the germen. Style o. Stigma obtufe. Corolla o. Berry with one feed. i. Album. White Mifel, or Mijfeltoe. A fhrub, growing on the bark of feveral trees. Leaves conjugate, elliptical. Stem fork- ed. DIOECIA. HEXANDRIA. 271 ed. Flowers whitifh, in the alas of the leaves. May. RHAMNUS. See Pentandria Monogynia. I. Catharticus. Buckthorn. A tall fhrub. Branches terminate in afpine. Leaves oval, point- ed, ferrated. Flowers fmall, greenifh, quadrifid. Berry round, black. URTIC A. See Monoecia Tetrandrla. I. Dioica. Common Nettle. Stalk fquare, firm, three or four feet high. Leaves heart- fhaped, long-pointed, ferrated, befet with flings. Flowers in long catkins. July. In hedges, &c. IV. PENTANDRIA. Male flowers with five ftamina. HUMULUS. Male: Calyx of five leaves, oblong, obtufe. Corolla o. Fe- male ; Calyx of one leaf, oval, large, in- tire. Styles two. Seed one. 1. Lupulus. Hops. A tall, {lender, voluble fhrub. Leaves lobed, ferrated, fomewhat refem- bling thofe of the vine. June. In hedges frequent. V. HEXANDRIA. Male flowers with fix ftamina. TAMUS. Calyx of fix fegments. Co- rolla o. Style trifid. Berry oval, tn- locular. Seeds two. 1. Com- 272 D I O E C I A. OCTANDRIA. i. Communis. Black Briony. Root large. Stalks fevcral, Jong, {lender, voluble. Leaves large, heart-ihaped, glofly, dark green, on long footftalks. Flowers greeniih. Berry red. June. In hedges. RUMEX. See Hexandria Trigynia. 1. Acetofa. Common Sorrel. Stalks fimple, above a foot high. Leaves oblong, arrow- fnaped, acid, on reddifh footftalks. Flowers fmall, reddifn. June. In paftures. 2. Acetofella. Sheep's Sorrel. Stalk fix or eight inches high. Leaves launce-fhaped, ge- nerally hooked at the bafe. May —July. In paitures, &c. VI. OCTANDRIA. Male flowers with eight ftamina. POPULUS. Catkin oblong, loofely im- bricated j fcales lacerated at the edge. Filaments very fhort ; antherse large. Stigma quadrifid. Capfule bivalve, bi- locular. Seeds numerous, downy. i. Alba. White Poplar. A tall tree. Leaves large, dentato-angulated, white and woolly beneath. March. 2. Tremula. Trembling Poplar, or Jfp. Leaves roundifh, fmooth on both fides, on long footitalks, with a double gland at the bafe. March. 3. Nigra. Black Poplar. Leaves rhomboidal, fmooth, fcrrated, pointed, dark green, on »I0ECIA. EN'iv F. ANDRI A. 2^3 on yellow foctdalks. March. Near rivers. RHODIOLA. Calyx quadripartite. Petals four. Ne<5taria four. Piitilla four* Capfules four. Seeds many. t; Rofea. Roftvjort. Root white, branched) fhietling like a rofe. Stalk, timple, erect, covered with leaves, which are elliptical, fharply ferrated. Flowers (mall, yellow, in umbels, terminal. .June, July. On the mountains in the north of England. VII. ENNEANDRIA. Male flowers with nine ftamina. MERCURIAL-IS. Calyx tripartite. Corolla o. Stamina 9 or 12 ; anthera? double. Styles two, reflex, cornuted. Capfule fcrotiform, bilccular. Seeds fingle* 1. Perennis. Dog's Mercury. Stalk. Ample, about a fofit high. Leaves oppolite, ferrated, pointed, rough, harih. Catk ns erect. April, May. Perennial. In hedges, &c. 2. Annua. Frfhclj Mercury. Stalk branched, two h.ct high. 'Leaves oppofite, oblong, pointed, lenated, finooth. Catkin* erect. October. Annual. On waite ground frequent. HYDROCHARIS. Mak: Spathaof two leaves, trifloral. Calyx trihd. Petals Vox. II. T three. >74 BiCSeiA. DECANDRIA. three. Stamina in three fetts. Female: Calyx trifid. Petals three. Styles fix. Capfule lexlocular. Seeds numerous. T. Morfus Ranre. Frog-bit, or fmall water Lilly. Leaves reniform, with their foot-ftalk in the pelvis, thick, fmooth, brown-green, an inch in breadth, fwimming on the water. Flower white. June. In ditches frequent. VIII. DECANDRIA. Male flowers with ten ftamina. CUCUB ALUS . See Decandna Trigynia. I. Otites. Spanijh Campion, or Catchfly. Stalk two feet high. Radical leaves on broad fuot- flalks, in a circle on the ground ; thofe ©n the ftem lei's, oppofite, few. Flower* greenifh ; petals narrow, pointed, intire. July, Auguil. In paftuies, &c. LYCHNIS. See Decandria Pentagynia. I, Dioica. Red, White Campion. Stalk three feet highT hairy, branched, fwoln at the joints. Leaves oval, fharp-pointed, hairy, waved. Flowers numerous, ter- minal, red in the male, white in the fe- male plant. May — July. Woods arwl hedges frequent. IX, I c o DlQECIA. MONADS LPHl A. £75 IX. ICOSA'NDRIA. Male' flowers with twenty or more framina, in- ferted in the calyx. RUBUS. Sec Icofandria Polyopia. I. Caamsemorus. Cloud Berry. Stalk fimple, brown, fcarce a foot high. Leaves fim- ple, on long foot- {talks* large, lobed, indented, alternate, 4 or 5 in number. Flower fingle, purple,, terminal. Fruit red, refembJing a rafpberry. May, June. On bog^s in the north. X. M O N A 0 E L P K I A. Male flowers with one fett of united flamina. JUNIPERUS. Male: Calyx the fcale of a catkin. Corolla 0. Stamina three. Female : Calyx tripartite. Petals three. Styles three. Berry containing three feeds. *. Communis. Cmmm Jun'per. A (hrub, or tree. Bark redd ill*. Leave* final], nar- row, fharp -pointed, three together, nu- merous, concave and blitiih beneath. Ivlay. On heaths>&c« TAXUS. Calyx the fcales of a bud. Corolla 0. Stamina numerous. Style o ; ftigma obtuie. Fruit a fingular kind of berry, v/itli a fingie feed, its apex prominent. T % 1. Bac- 2^6 DIOECIA. SYNGENESIA. l. Baccata. Tew-tree. Bark reddifh. Leaves ' deep green, long, narrow, clofe, as if pinnated, ever-green. April, May. XI. SYNGENESIA. Male flowers with united antherae. RUSCUS. Calyx of fix leaves. Corolla o. Ne£tarium oval, large as the calyx, inflated, perforated. Filaments o ; an- therae three. Style fingle. Berry trilo- cular. Seeds two. I. Aculeatus. Knee Holly^ or Butchers Broom. Stalk near two feet high, tough, woody, branched, filiated. Leaves numerous, dark-green, elliptical, very fliarp point- ed, half an inch long. Flowers on the back of the upper leaves, greenifh. Ber- ries red, large. March, April. In woods, heaths, &c. BRYONIA. Calyx eampanujate, quin- quedentate. Corolla campanulate, quin- quepartite. Filaments three, very fhort. Style trifid. Berry oval, fmooth. Seeds feveral. I. Alba. White Br'ior.y. Root white, very large. Stalk fiender, angular, voluble, branch- ed. Leaves palmated, or pentangular, with triangular lobes, ferrated, hard and rough. Flowers whitifh green, fmall, numerous.' Berry red. May. In hedges, &c. GNA- 0IOECIA, SYNCENESIA. 277 GNAPHALIUM. See Syngenefta Polyga- mia Superjiua, I. Dioicum. Mountain Cudweed, or Cat's Foot. Stalk fnnple, four or five inches long, with feveral creeping {hoots. Leaves in thick tufts on the ground, oblong, point- ed, indented, downy beneath, flowers in clufters, terminal, white, or reddifh. May. J.n dry mountainous paftures. T3 CLASS I?8 POLYCAMIA. MONOECIA. CLASS XXIII. POLYGAMIA. Flowers hermaphrodite, and alfo male qr female flowers. I. MONOECIA. Polygamy on the fame plant. HOLCUS. Hermaphrodite: Calyx a. hulk, bivalve, rigid, beardlefs. Corolla ahufk, tender, hairy, bearded, lefs thai} the calyx. Stamina three. Styles two. Seed one. Mai?: Calyx a hulk, bi- valve. Stamina three. Corolla 0. j. Lanatiis. Meadow Soft-Grafs. Culm a foot and a half high. Leaves downy. Kufk bifloral, downy; beard of the male curved. Panicle not cjffufe. June. In, meadows, &c. 2. Mollis. Creeping Soft-Grafs. Culm procum- bent. Leaves lefs downy, and panicle more diffufe than {he laf£. ^GILOPS. Hermaphrodite: Calyx a hufk, cartilaginous. Corolla a hufk. Stamina three. Styles two. Seed one. Male: Calyx, corolla and hufk like the Jiermaphrcditc. I. In- POLY CAM I A. MO NO EC I A. 279 i. Incurva. Sea Hard-Grafs. Culm fix inches high. Spike very flender, cylindrical, beardlefs, jointed, fmooth, curved. Ca- lyx unifloral. Valves of the corolla placed contrary to the calyx. VALANTIA. Calyx O. Corolla qua- dripartite. Stamina four. Style bifid. Seed one. 1. Cruciara. Croffwort^ or Mugwced. Stalk in part procumbent, hairy. Leaves oval, pointed, hairy, four together. Flower* fmaJJ, yellow, on fhort pedicles, in the als of the leaves, generally eight on each pedicle. May, June, in hedges. PARIETARIA. Calyx quadrind. Co- rolla o. Stamina four. Style one. Seed one. The hermaphrodite flowers two in each involucrum, with a femalg between. Involucrum of iix leaves. |„ OfHcinalis. PelUtory of the Wall. Stalks red- difh, jointed, numerous, a foot high. Leaves numerous, alternate, ovato-lan- ceolate, hairy. Flowers imall, greeniih, in the alas of the leaves, IVJay — Sept. On walls, Sec. ATRIPLEX. Hermnpbrodke jj Calyx of five leaves. Corolla o. Stamina five. Style bipartite. Seed one. Female : Ca- lyx of two leaves. Corolla o. Style bipartite. Seed one. I, Portulacoides. Sea Purflane. Stalks procum- bent, woody, purpliiTi, hairy, a foot T 4 long. 2$0 PDLYGAMTA. MONOECIA. long. Leaves long, narrow, thick* whitifh. Flowers fefftle, greenifh pur- ple, on fpikes. Auguft. Qnthecoaft. 2. Lacinita. Jigged Sea Orach. Stalk erect, cylindrical leaves above alternate, del- toide, dentate, hoary beneath. Termr- ml fpikes bear hermaphrodite flowers; lateral frikes female. Calyx of the fruit quinquedentate. Auguft. On the coafr. 3. Maftata. Wild Orach, Female valves large, dcitpide, fjnuated. Leaves deltoide, haf- tate, finuated. Flowers fmall, whitifh, " on long fpikes. On wafte ground, &c. 4. Patula. Narrow-leaved Orach. Stalk much branched, fpicading. Leaves long, narrow, intire, pointed, broadeft at the bafe. Valves of the feed dentated. Flowers whitifh, on fpikes. On wafte ground. Auguft. 5. Littoral is. Grafs-leaved Orach. Stalk erect, Leaves very long, narrow, linear, in- tire. Auguft, September. On the coaft, and on wafte ground. 6. Pcdunculata. Pediculated Sea Orach. Stalk forked, erect. Leaves launce-fhaped, obtufe, intire. Female calyx on a long pedicle. Auguft, September. On the coaft. ACER. Hermaphrodite : Calyx qu inqui- red. Corolla of five petals. Stamina eight. Piftijlum one. Capfiilcs twp or three. Seed fingle, winged. Male: Calyx POLYGAMIA. MONOECIA. 28 1 Calyx quinquifid. Corolla of five petals. Stamina eight. j. Pfeudo-Platanus. Sycamore-tree, or greater Maple. A tall tree. Leaves large, of five lobes, irregularly ferrated, whitifh beneath. Flowers yellowiih green, in clufters. May, June. 2. Campeftre. Common Maple, A fmall tree. Bark rough, furrowed. Leaves lobed, notched, fmooth on both fides. Flow- ers in clufters, on conjugate pedicles, terminal. May, June. In hedges. II. D I O E C I A. Polygamy on feparate plants. FRAX1NUS. Calyx quadripartite, or o. Corolla o. Stamina two. Pif- tillurn 1. Seed 1. |, Excelfior. Ajh-tree. Leaves pinnated, fer- rated. March, April. CLASS 282 CRYPTOGAMlA. FILICfeS. CLASS XXIV. CRYPTOGAMlA. Fructification concealed. I. F I L I C E S, Ferns. fruit generally on the back, of the leaf. EQUISETUM. Fructifications terminal, peltate, orbicular, of many valves, burfting at the bale, arranged in ovato- oblong fpikes. Stalk and leaves com- pofed of tubes infer ted into each other at the joints. f. Sylvaticum. Wood Horfetail. Stem near two feet high, fpicate. Leaves, or rather hriftlesj very {lender, and numerous, with eight or ten whirls on each. April, May. In woods, &c. 2, Arvcnfe. Corn Horfttail. Proliferous ftems, without leaves ; thofe on the reft long and angular. April. In wet corn-fields, 3. Paluftrc. Marjh liorfetail. Stem a foot high, with four or five deep furrows, fo as to feem angular. Leaves long, fnnple, often confiiting of ten or twelve joints, Spikes brown. June. 4. Flu, CRYPTOCAMIA. FILICES. 283 4. Fluviatilc. River Horfetail. Stem ftriated, three or four feet high, an inch in dia- meter. Brifllcs very numerous, gene- rally fimple, above twenty in each whirl, deeply furrowed. May. On the banks of lakes and rivers. 5. Limofum. Smooth Horfetail. Stem fmooth, a foot and half high, naked in the fpring, but afterwards producing twelve to eighteen leaves. June. In fens, &c. b, Hyemale. Rough Horfetail or Shave-grofs. Stem two to three feet high, without leaves or branches, furrowed, terminated by a brown fpike. It has fometimes a branch or two at the bottom. July, Augufl. In fens, £cc. OPHIOGLOSSUM. Spike jointed, diftich ; joints buriting tranfverfely. j, Vulgatum. Aider's tongue. A fingle leaf, oval, thick, without rib, or veins, on a foot-italic four inches long. Spike an inch or more in length, extremely flender, on a pedicle. May. In mea- dows, &c. OSMUNDA. Spike branched. Cap- fuies globofe, diftinct, opening hori- zontally, collected in clutters. Seeds numerous. f, Lunaria. Moonwort. A fingle, radical, pinnated, leaf, near two inches long, on a foot itaik of four inches or more ; pinna' lunateu, Z&4 ' CRYPT OC AMI A. Fit ICES. lunatcd, five or fix pair. From the iny fertion grows a fhort italic, with many pedicles, covered with yellowifh capfules, May. In mountainous paftures, &c. 2u Regalis. Flowering Fern, or Ofmund RoyaL Root fibrous, implicated, blackifh. Stalks feveral, four feet high, bipirtr nat?d, not dentated. Capfules nume- rous, on bufhy, terminal ramifications, July, Auguft. On bogs. %. Spicans. Rough Spleenwort. Leaves feveral, launce-fhaped, reclining, pinnatifid; fegments intire, parallel. Seeds on the middle leaves only, which are more erect, hrown, with two reddifh lines parallel to the middle rib. 4. Crifpa. Stom Fern. Leaves fupradecompofite ; pinnae alternate, fii~ft deeply notched, afterwards intire. On the under fide two yellow lines parallel to the middle rib. Some leaves without feeds. Au- guft. Among rocks in the north. ACROSTICUM. Fruftincations co- vering the entire difk of the leaf. 1. Septentrionale. Horned, or forked, or naked Fern. Leaf (imply divided, naked, linear, la- cjniated and curved at the top, three inches high, numerous. Augult. In the fiflures of rqeks in Wales, &c. 2. Ilvenfe. Hairy Fern. Leaf fub-bipinnated ; pinnuke oppolite, united, hairy be- neath, about three inches long. In the allures of rocks in Wales. 3, The- ■CRY P TOG A MI A, FILICE*. 28$ 3. Thelypteris. Marjh Fern. Leaf fix in-obes long, pinnated ; pinnae pinnatifiid, en- tire. Orbiculae of iced ten pair orm'tare, regularly dilpofed. Hall. Heh. 139, Auguft. In fens, in the northern counties. PTERIS. Seeds in lines near and paral- lel to the margin of the leaf. U Aquilina. Female Fern ox Brakes. Leaf thT« or four feet high, fupra-decompoute; Foliols pinnated; pinns iaunce-ihaped^ obtufe, entire. Auguft. In woods, oa commons, A3PLENIUM. Seeds in right lines, converging towards the middle. 2. Scolopendrium. Hart's-Ungue. Leaves nu- merous, near a foot long, fimple, pointed hcart-fhaped at the bafe, ilittie ; ftalfc hairy. Among ftones, Sec. 2. Ceterach. Splecnivort. Leaf four inches hh\ without ftalk, pinnatifid ; lobes alter* nate, confluent, harfh, pale green, tally on the back. On old walls, tillures <* rocks, Sec. * Leaves pinnated. 3. Trichomanes, Common Maiden hnh\ R^ofc black, fibrous. Stalk glofly, black., Leaves fix inches high, pinnated, nume- rous; pinna? roundilh, notched. Row* of feed 3—5. On old walls, &©» frequent. 4, M*- 286 CRYPTOGAM I A. PILICES. 4. Marinum. Sea Maiden-hairy or Fern. Leaves three inches high, pinnated ; pinna* obliquely triangular, ferrated j italic ihining, blackiih. On rocks on tke coafi. * * Leaves dccompcfite* 5. Ruta muraria. White Maiden-hair. Leaves two inches high, alternately decompo- fite ; pinnulae rbomboidal, obtufe, notched. Rows of feed two or three. In the fiflures of rocks. 6. Adiantum nigrum. Black Mai den- hair. Stalk black, glofty. Firlt branches long, gra- dually decrcafing to a point, generally with three pair of pinnae, alternate j pinnulae oval, ferrated, deep green above. Seeds white, in 3^-7 rows. POLYPODIUM. Seeds in roundifh fpots, difpofed in lines on thedifk of the leaf, parallel to the nerve. * Leaf pinnati fid y lobes united. I. V. Jungermania. Purple Mnium. Stalk fimple, procumbent. Leaves imbricated, alter- nate, intire, append iculate, diftich. Or* mountains and in rivulets. BR YUM. CRY P TOG A MIA. MUSCI. 295 BRYUM. Anthera with a conic cover. Calyptra fmooth. Filament or pedicle from the central or terminal tubercle of the item or branch. * Anthera fejjile. 1. Apocarpium. Hairy Bryutn. Branched. Leaves imbricated, deep green, termi- nating in a hair. Anthera? dark red, feilile. December. On {tones and trees in the north. * * Anthera on pedicles^ erecl. 2. Pomifcrme. Round-headed Bryum. Stalks not quite an inch long, in thick tufts. Leaves generally pale, undulated, {lender. Pe- dicle from the fummit, reddi{h. An- thera fpherical, fulcated, brown, with a red cover. March. On Hampftead heath, &c. 3. Pyriforme. Pear-headed Bryum. Leaves pale vellovv, carinated, feffile, pellucid, broad. Anthers turgid. Calyptra with a long horn. Marcn. Common. 4. Extinclorium. Conic Bryutn. Stalk an inch long. Leaves capillary, hooked. An- thera? erccl, oblong. Calyptra loofe, {haped like an extinguimer. 5. Subulatum. Sululated Bryum. Branched from the root, without {talk. Leaves capillary, pellucid. Antheras ere<£t, long, fubu- late, curved. Calyptra brown, in woods, &c. U 4 6. Ru- 296 cryptogamia. musci. 6. Rurale. Grey Bryum. Erect. Leaves re- curved, with a grey hair at, the apex. Antherae long, acute, curved like a bird's claw. March. On walls, &c. 7. Murale. Wall Bryum. Differs from the laft only in being lefs, and the leaves and bill lefs curved. March. On walls, &c. 8,# Scoparium. Broom Bryum. Stalks reclining. Leaves fubulate, curved, on one fide. Antherae almoft erect ■> pedicles aggre- gated. March, April. On old trees, heaths, &c. g. Undulatum. Curled Bryum. Leaves launce- fhaped, car-r.ated, undulated, fpreading, ferrated. Antherae a little curved, red- dim. December, January. 10. Glaucum. Write Br\um. Branched Leaves erect, imbricated, numerous. Antheras a little curved, on very fhort pedicles. Operculum arched. October, Novem- ber. On moors. 1 1. Pellucidum. Pellucid Bryum. Stalk hairy, branched. Leaves pellucid, flendcr, curved, acute. Antherae not quite erect. On bogs, &c. 22. Aciculare. Mountain Bryum. Leaves fine green, erect, chiefly turned to one fide. Antherae erect, cylindrical. Brittle;; yellow. Calyptra very acute. Oper- culum long, like a needle. Auguft. On mountains in Wales, and North of England. 13, Fkxuofurr, CRY F TOG AMI A. MUSCI. 297 ^3. Flexuofum. Soft Bryum. Leaves like hair. Pedicles twifted. Antherae erect. On rocks near Llanberris. 14. Heteromallum. Heath Bryum. Leaves like hair, turned one way. Antherae erect. 15. Tortuofum. Twifted Bryum. Leaves long, narrow, curled, yellow when old. Pe- dicles, from the extremity of the ftalk, purpleifh, an inch long. Antherae erect, almoft cylindrical j operculum crefted, with a few red hairs. 1 6. Truncatulum. Brown Bryum. One of the lealt. Stalks numerous, very fhort. Leaves narrow, taper, curled. Pedi- cles, from the center of the tufts, yel- low. Antherae erect, red, much trun- cated when without its cap. On ditch- banks, &c. Februarv. 17. Viridulum. Green Bryum, Differs from the laft in being of a liner green. Antherae oval, yellow, and fringed. December, January. Hedge- bottoms, &c. j 8. Paludofum. Dwarf Br\um. Amon£ the leaft. Without ftalk. Leaves narrow, taper. Antherae very obtufe, fpreading, brown, on very fhort pedicles. March. On bogs, &c, 1 9. Hypnoides. Worfly Bryum. Stalk not quite erect. Lateral branches lhort. Leaves acute, carmated, woolly. Antherae, on fhort lateral pedicles, erect, but foon pendulous, oval. December. On moun- tains in Wales, and in the north. 20. Vcr-s 198 CRYPTOG AMI A. MUSCI. 20. Verticillatum. Verticillqted Bryum. Antherae erect. Pedicles twifted when dry. Leaves hairy. On mountains. 21. iEftivum. Water Bryum. Leaves Tubulate, diftant. Antherce erect, roundiih, from the alae. March. In fens. * * * Anther a pendulous. 22. Argenteum. Silver Bryum. Stalks cylindri- cal, imbricated, fmooth, filvery. Leaves minute, numerous, triangular, compact. Anthera fhort, oval, blackifh. Oper- culum fhort, conic. December. On walls, &c. 2?. Pulvinatum. Grey Bryum. Leaves hairy. Antherze round ifii, pendulous, on fhort pedicles. April. On walls. 24. Cefpiticium. Matted Bryum. Leaves fubu- late, brifliy. Antherae pendulous, fmall; pedicle very long, red below, green- yellow above. On walls, &c. March. 25. Capillare. Capil'ary Bryum. Differs from the laft in the antherae beinr pie. Margin of the cups denticulated, proliferous. In woods, Sec. 48. Gracilis. Tall Liverwort. Branched, den- ticulated, Header, fmooth, bright brown, two inches long. On heaths, Sec. 49. Digitatus. Lingered Liverwort. Branches numerous, irregular, like coral. Cups intire; tubercles fcarlet. Height one inch. 50. Cornutus. Simple Cup Liverwort. Generally fimple, fometimes bifid. Cup intire, often obfolete. Afh-colour. Nov. — Feb. On heaths, Sec. 51. DifFormis. Serrated Livenuort. Firft ereel:, then curved, thicknefs of a quill, fim- ple, flendereft at the bafe, a Jittle downy. Cup dentated. On heaths, Sec. Bujhy. 31 8 CRYPTOGAM I A. ALGJE. ******** Bufljy. 52. Rr.ngifermus. Rhen-deer Liverwort. Much branched, tubular, white, (oft when young; horns drooping, reddifh. Fruc- tification feldom viiible. In woods, heaths, he. 53. Uncialis. Short Liverwort. Tubular; branches fhort, acute, foft, flender. On heaths. 54. Subulatus. Homed Liverwort. Tubular. Grey. Branches few, fimple, fubulate. Length three inches. Fructification on the tips, fmall, round, brown. On heaths, &c. 55. Pafchalis. Woody Liverwort. Solid, branch- ed, two inches high, covered with cru- ilaceous leaves, grey. On mountains in Wales and in the north of England. 56. Fragilis. Brittle Liverwort. Solid. Branches cylindrical, obtufe. Greyifh brown. Height one inch. Tubercles black, cre'fted, terminal. On mountains in Wales and in the north. 57. Globiferus. Cyprefs Liverwort. Much branch- ed, folid, without leaves, afh-colour, fmooth. Tubercles terminal, hollow, with a fmall aperture, black within. Syjl. Nat. Mantijf. />. 133. ********* Filamentous '. 58. Plicatus. Common Hairy Liverwort. Pendu- lous, implicated, long. Scutella radi- ated. On trees. 59. Bar- CRYPT OGAM I A. ALGA. 319 59. Barbatus. Bearded Liverwort. Long, pen- dulous, afh - colour, fub-articulated. Branches fprcading, very flender. In woods, Sec. 60. Jubatus. Fennel Liverwort. Pendulous; alas comprefled. Blackifh grey. On trees and ftones. 61. Lanatus. Woolly Liverwort. Decumbent, implicated, opaque. Like black wool. On rocks. 62. Chalybeiformis. Wiry Liverivori. Decum- bent, implicated, twirled, rigid. On trees. 63. Hirtus. Rough Lherxvort. Erect, much branched, iprinkled with farinaceous tuberales. In woods. 64. Vulpinus. Gold Liverzvort. Erect, much branched, yellow. In woods frequent. "65. Articulatus. Jointed Liverwort. Jointed. Branches very flender, punctured. In woods, but rare. 66. Floridus. Flowering Liverwort. ErecSt, branched. Scutella radiated. In woods, &c. CHARA. Calyx of two leaves, fmall. Anthera globofe. Stigmata three. Seed one. Habit: lmmerlcd. Leaves ver- ticillate, linear, rough, fub-articulate. Fructification, in form of feiHle globules, in the alae. 1 Tomentofa. Brittle Chara. Afh-colour, a foot cr more in height. Root fibrous. Stalks 320 CRY P TOG AMI A. ALG£. Stalks feveral, flat, with fpines at the joints. Very brittle, and gritty in the mouth. In ponds and ditches. 2. Vulgaris. Common Chara. Stalk fix or eight inches long, round, fmooth, ftriated, jointed, branched, procumbent. Leaves long, narrow, dentated on the inner fide. Colour yellowifh or reddifh green. Fructification in the alse generally four, orange. Foetid. In ftagnant water fre- quent. 3. Hifpida. Prickly Chara. Stalks numerous, procumbent, jointed, round, about eight inches long, thick fet with fpines. Leaves long, flender, pointed, whitifh green. In ftagnant water in Weirmore- land, &c. 4.. Flcxilis. Smooth Chara. Flexile, diaphanous, without fpines. Leaves long, flender, in tire. Globules in the alae generally eight. In ponds and ditches. TREMELLA. Gelatinous, membra- nous fubftance : Fructification fcarce vifible. 1. Noftoc. Jelly Tremella. Green or yellowifh, plicated, undulated. On the ground generally after rain. Suppofed by the country-people to be that meteor which they call a falling ftar. 2. Auricula. Jew's Ear. Seffile, greenifh afh- icolour, wrinkled, fomewhat refembling the human ear, covered with fhort down. On old trees, &c, frequent. 3. Li- CRYPTOCAMIA. ALGJE. g2I g. Lichehoides. Tranfparer.t Trcrnclla.. Erect, plane, margin curled, lacinuiated, brown. On heaths, in woods, &c. 4. Verrucofa. Warty Trerr.clk.. Tubercular, jfolid, wrinkled, roundifh, refombling a bladder, biackilh yellow. On itones in rivulets. 5. Hemiipherica. SeaTremella.. Scattered among ConfervcCy Furi, &c. 6. Purpurea. Purple TremeUa. Globular, Cef- file, folitary, fmooth. On ditch-banks about London. FUCUS. M*&: Veficies interwoven ( with hairs. Female : Veficies full of gelatinous matter, and covered with perforated granule. Se?d fmgle. Ha- bit : Immeried, coriaceous, without root, fefJUg. * Leaves fiat-, rficBoicmcus. 1. Serratus. Serrated Fucus, or Sea Wrack. Broad, tubercles at the apex. On rocks fre- quent. 2. Veficulofus. Common Fucus, or Sea Oat. ;Jn- tire, with a ftalk in the middle, and vehcles at the extremities. On rocks and ftones on the fhore every where. 3. Ceranoides. Buckjhcrn Fucus, Launee-fhaped, intire, bifid, and tuberculated at the apex. -On the fea-fhore frequent. 4. Spiralis. Tun 'fled } Fucus.- Intire, punctated, membranous, -channeled- beneath. Fruc- Vol. II. Y tification 32.1 CEYPTOCAMIA, ALCiE. tification terminal, geminate, on pedi- cles, oblong. 5, Divaricatus. Shrubby Fucus. Membranaceous, linear, intire, divaricated at the axillae. Vehicles axillary, two together, but fometimes fingie. On the coaft. * * Leaves cylindrical, dichalsmsus. 6. Exciflus. Furrowed Fucus. Linear, fmall, dotted. Axillae divaricated. Segments on one fide gibbous, on the other hol- low. Yellowifh green. On the ftiore. 7. Nodofus. Knotted Fucus. Stalk comprefled. Leaves fmall, oppofite. A large oval veficle on the middle of each branch. On rocks on the fhore. *** Branched, cylindrical. 8. Siliquofus. Padded Fucus, Much branched, flexile, comprefled. Leaves diftich, al- ternate, intire. Fructification alternate, pointed, taper, on a pedicle, larger than the leaf. On the fea-fhore. 9. Fceniculaceus. Fennel-leavtd Fucus. Filiform, much branched. Veficles oval, termi- nated by fmall leaves with many feg- ments, often with tubercles at the ends. On the coaft of Yorkfhire and Lanca- shire. JC. Abrotanifolius. "Jointed Fucus. Filiform, compreiTed, bipinnated. Apices dilated, veficulax. On the SiuTex coaft. Fruc- CRYPTOGAMIA. A L G J£. ^2^ * * * * Ft unification not veficular. it. Confervoides. Reddijh Fucus. Filiform, cy- lindrical, comprefled, much branched ; branches unequal, fetaceous. Tuber- cles difperfed, roundifh. On the north- ern coaft. 12. Mufcoides. Thorny Fucus. Cylindrical, much branched -3 branches irregular, with fhort, alternate, foft fpines. Dark- brown, diaphanous. On the Yorkfhire coaft. 13. Cartilagineus. Scarlet Fucus. Much branch- ed, fupra-decompofite, pinnated j feg- ments linear, fcarlet. Fruit globular, lateral. On the coaft frequent. 14. Saccharinus. Sweet Fucus. Stalk cylindri- cal, very fhort. Leaf long, enfiform, fimple, thick. On the coaft. 15. Palmatus. Handed Fucus. Leaf plane, re- fembling a hand. On the coaft frequent. 16. Rubens. Red Fucus. Stalk branched, cylin- drical. Leaves oblong, undulated, finu- ated. On the Cornifh coaft. 17. Furcellatus. Sharp-pointed Fucus. Cylindri- cal, dichotomous. Branches equal, long, acute. On the coaft frequent. 18. Filum. Thread Fucus. Simple, filiform, opake, brittle. On rocks on the coaft. 19. Hirfutus. Hairy Fucus. Filiform, much branched, intirely covered with hairs fcarce vifrble to the naked eye. Y 2 20. Acu- v?4 | C RY P TO C A Id I A. ALG.I. 20. Aculeatus. Prickly Fucus. Linear, filiform, with many branches, compreired ; late- ral margins, with teeth ere~->.n tubercu- lar, unequal, difperfed, on ! >ng capil- lary fibres, either feMfe or fldath -. * Filaments fur.pTe, equal, zviihut joints. 1. Rivularis. River Conferva. Very long, (len- der,, deep-green. . 2. Fontinalis. Spring Conferva. Brown, foft, not quite a ringer's length. In the Nc\y River, near Korniey. ■ * * Filament s branch ed, equal. 3. Bullofa. CAton .Conferva. Filaments (lender,* green, huncate, including air-bubbles. In fl'agnant waler frequent. 4. Canalicuhiris. Mill Conferva. Slender, green, _ molt branched towards the bafe. In p'.'rc ifrcam^aiid mill-troughs or ipouts. 5. Amphibia. Amphibibus Conferva^ I'Yorillous, ibongy, fowning w\^n dried into Ipuies. On the banks of the Thames. Y 3 6. ,£ni« 326 CRYPTOGAMTA, ALGJB. 6# ^Eruginofa. Sea-green Conferva. Capillary, about two inches long, foft, fine green. On the coaft. J, Dichotoma. Brijile Conferva. Like briftles, forked. In ditches. 8. Scoparia. Broom Conferva. Filaments proli- ferous, faftigiate, pinnated. On the coaft* g, Cancellata. Latticed Conferva. Filaments al- ternate, fhort, multipartite, fingered,. On the coaft. * * * Filaments anajlomofmg. ' J*0. Reticulata. JVi?* Conferva. Soft ; filaments uniting like a net. In rivulets, on Hounflow-Heath, &c. * * * * Filaments knotted. fl. Fluviatilis. Horfe-tail Conferva. Simple, lubricous, flender, taper, ftraight, with joints angular, or knots. In a rivulet near Bangor in Wales. $2, Gelatinofa. Frog- [pawn Conferva. Branch- ed, fpindle-fhaped, with globofe, gelan tinous knots. In clear fprings. ***** Filaments jointed, ?3« Capillaris. Thread Conferva. Simple, with joints alternately comprefled. In fait ditches. |4. Corallinoides. Coralline Conferva. Dichoto- mous, gelatinous, reddifh. On the coaft frequent, 15. Po]y- CRYPTOGAMIA. ALC£. $lj 15. JPolymorpha. Palmated Conferva. Lubricous, black, with fhort palmated branches. On the coaft. 16. Vagabunda. Spreading Conferva. Branches fhort, expanded like wool. In fait marfhes or bo»s. 17. Glomerata. Clufter Conferva. Much branch- ed ; branches ihort, multifid, rough. On the coaft. 18. Rupeftris. Rock Conferva* or Sea Bread, Branches alternate branched again, green. On the coaft, and in rivers on rocks frequent. 19. iEgagropi'a. Globe Conferva, or Moor-Bails. With many branches from the centre, forming a globe. In lakes on moun- tains in the north. EYSSUS. Simple down or powder. * Filamentous, 1. Flos Aquse. Paper ByJTus. Filaments feather- ed, expanded. On ftagnant water, like paper. 2. Phofphorea. Violet-coloured Byffus. Like down on old trees. 3. Velutina. Velvet Byffus. Like green velvet, on the bark of trees and old gravel walks. 4. Aurca. Saffron-coloured Byffus. Capillary, dufty ; filaments fome branched, others iimple. On rocks. Y 4 Powdry. 32? CRYPT-OGAMIA. FUNGf. * * Poiudry. 5. Antiquitatis. Black Powder Byjfus, On old 1 walls frequent. 6. Saxatilis'. Stone Byjfus. Grey or afh-colour. On all ftones long expofed to the air. 7. Candelaris. Yelhvj ByJJiis. On trees and old walls every where. S, Kotryoides. Great Byjfus. On the bark of trees and wet ground. g. Incana, Mealy Byjfus. Like meal, on gravelly ground, ditch-banks, &:c. JO. Laftea. White Byjfus. Cruftaceous, like Jime. On trees and moiles. IV. FUNGI, Ahjlrrooms. ■ AGARICUS. Horizontal, with himelte or gills beneath. * With a J] em 3 head orbicular. I. Chantarellus. Ytllsw Agaric, or Champignon. Lamellae, or rather vein?, branched, decurrenr. Pale-yellow, contorted. Head dcprcilcd in the centre, deformed. Stem {hoit.. Of an agreeable taitc. In paf* tures, woods, &c. 2- Integer. IVliie Akiric. Head a little concave at -the top, purplilh. Stalk and gills white 5 liuiidiaj equal. . In w.oods. 3. Muf- CRYPTOGAM I A. FUNGI. 329 3. Mufcarius. Red Agaric. Stalk white, very long, from a large buLb, with an annu- lar membrane, which loon difappears. Head firft campanulate, then plane, fometimes neana foot in diameter,blood- red, warty, ftriated at the edge. Gills white i lamellae (lender, white, nume- rous, foetid, faid to be poisonous. In the meadows between Ha,mpltead and Highgate. 4. Ladlifluus. Milky Agaric. Stem long, flefli- colour. Head Hem-colour, a little con- cave, raifed at the edge. Gills reddifh brown. Contains a fweetifh milk:. Tafte agreeable, and not pernicious. In woods. Piperatus. Pepper- Agaric. Large. Head al- moft flat, firft white, then brown, con- taining a very acsid milk. Gills pale flefh-colour. In woods. Campeftris. Common Mufnroom. Head con- vex, fcaly. Giijs deep Hem-colour. In pafturcs frequent. Violaceus. Violet Agaric. Stem fhort, thick, downy, bulbous. Head very large, pale purple, convex. Efculent. Near woods, in meadows, &c. ,, .11 .*.v-<*u^*,o, 8. Cinnamomeus. Brown Agaric. Head flat, brownifh-yeilow. Gills ycllowifh- brown. In woods frequent. 9. Vifcklus. Gatmny Agaric. Stem white, thick. Head convex, purpliih-brown, vifcid. In woods, 10. Equi- 33© JCHTFTOGAMIA. FUNGI. 10. Equeftris. Starry Agaric. Small. Head convex, pallid ; dilk ftarred with yel- low. Gills pale-yellow. On heaths frequent, J I. Georgii. St. George' s MuJhroo?n. Stalk firm, folid, with white down. Head broad, flat, powdry, white, growing gradually reddifh, ftriated and downy at the mar- gin. Gills white. Efculent. In woods. J2. Mammofus. Grey Agaric. Stalk long. Head conical, grey. Gills convex, grey, notched. In woods. 13. Clypeatus. Long-Jlalked Agaric. Root bul- bous, long, hooked at the end. Stalk white or grey. Head hemifpherical, pointed, clammy, ftriated. Gills white. |n woods. 14. Extinftorius. Conic Agaric, Stalk long, fubulate. Head conic, torn, white. Gills white. In meadows, &c. 15. Fimetarius. Egg Agaric. Stalk long, hol- low. Head campanulate, torn. Gills black. On dunghills frequent. 16. Campanulatus. Bell Agaric. Stalk long. Head campanulate, ftriated, pellucid, grey. Gills white. In paftures. 17. Separatus. Blackijh Agaric. Stalk bulbous. Head fmall, fmooth, livid. Gills blackifh. On dunghills. J 8. Fragilis. Brittle Agaric. Small. Head con- vex, clammy, pellucid, yellow. Gills deep-yellow. On heaths. 19. Uni- CRYPTQGAMIA. FUNGI. 331 fq. Umbelliferus. Wood Agaric. Small, white. Head convex, membranous, plicated, pellucid. Stalk long, flender. Among old leaves in woods. J 20. Androfaceus. Black-Jialked Agaric. Differ* from the laft in having a black ftem. On rotten wood. * * Parajitic, without Jlem, with half a head. %l. Quercinus. Oak Agaric. Large, convex, hairy, colour various. Gills generally- white, ftiff, labyrinthiform. On the, trunks of oak and other trees. 22. Betulinus. Birch Agaric. Coriaceous, hairy, margin obtufe; lamellae branched, com- municating with each other. On the trunks of various trees. 23. Alneus. Alder Agaric. Hairy, grey ; la- mellae thick, bifid, powdry. On the trunks of trees. BOLETUS. Horizontal ; porous be- neath j foft and elaftic, ^ike a cufhion, above. * Parafitic, without Jl em. 1. Suberofus. Cork Boletus. White, fmooth ; pores acute, difformed. On birch and afh-trees, &c. 2. Fomentarius. Spongy Boletus. Unequal, ob- tufe j pores cylindrical, equal, bluifh. On birch-trees, &c. 3. Ver- 332 C-kYPTOGAMIA. F'UN-GlJ 3. Verlicolor. Striped Boletus. Convex, with concentric flxipes of various colours -y pores white, fmall. On trees. 4. Igniarius. Hard Boletus^ or Touchwood, Smooth 3 pores very fmall. On the. trunks of trees. * * With a Jlem. 5. Luteus. Yellozv Boletus. Stem annulated, grey. Head livid or brown, a little- clammy ; pores convex, yellow. In woods frequent. 6. Bovinus. Brown Boietus. Stem not annulated. Head fmooth, brown ; pores large, com- pofite, acute, grcyiih or greenifh yel- low. July- iH woods. HYDNUM. Horizontal, prickly be- neath. J. Imbricatum. Common Hydnnm. Withaftem. Head convex, imbricated, white, thick. In woods, PHALLUS. Reticular above, fmooth beneath. 1. Efculentus. Efculent Morel. ' Stalk naked. Head oval, cellular, naked, wrinkled, vvhitifh, Under the fh.ide of alh and beech-trees, in the fpring. 2. Impudicus.; Stinking Morel. White. Root, a Dulb. Stem long. Head conic, co- vered at inir. with reticular film. In woods. HEL- CRYPTOGAiMI A. FUNGI. HELVELLA. Turbinated. 333 I. Mitra. Mitre Mujhroom. Stem thick, wrin- kled, hftulous. Head curled, lobed, difformed. In damp woods. PEZIZA. Campanulate, without flem. 1. Lentifera. Black Peziza. Afh-colour, fmooth, containing many feeds. On woods, in field?, &c. 2. Pun&ata. Spotted Peziza. Truncated, white, with black fpots. On horfedung. 3. Cornucopoides. Cornucopia Peziza. Dark- grey, difk expanded, finuated, (potted, membranous, two inches high. In woods. 4. Acetabulum. Cup Peziza. Afh-colour. An- gular on the outfide, with branched veins. On rotten wood. 5. Cyathoides. Smooth Peziza. Small, cup- fafhioned. Margin obtufe, erecl. in woods. 6. Scutellata. Hairy Peziza. Small, plane. Margin convex, hairy. On rotten wood. CLAVARIA. Smooth, oblong. * Undivided. I. Piflillaris. Simple Clavaria. Whitifh, firr.p'e, like a nail. In woods, «3cc. 2. Ophi- 334 Cryptogamia. fungi. i. OphioglofToides. Black Clavaria. Black, intire, comprefled, obtufe. * * Branched. 3. Digitata. Fingered Clavaria. Black, woody'. On rotten wood. 4. Hypoxylon. Flat Clavaria. Cornutcd, black, fmall. 5. Coralloides. Yellow Clavaria. Branches nu- merous, clofe, Unequal. In woods, &c. 6. Faftigiata. Stinking Clavaria. Branches faiti- giate. ^ ellow. In woods, &c. 7. Mufcoides. PointedClavoria. Yellow. Branches re-branched, pointed, unequal. In woods, &c. LYCOPERDON. Roundifh, replete with farinaceous feeds. * Solid, fuiterraneouSy without root. j. Tuber. Truffle. Round, prickly. In Rufh- ton-Park, Northamptonfliire. 7. Cervinum. Branny Puff-ball. Yellow. Skid hard, thick, granular j pulp purplilh, with black feeds. In woods. ** Dujly, root above ground. 3. Bovifta. Common Puff-ball. Dull flies off on breaking the (kin. In paftures, Sec. 4. Stellatum. Star Puff-ball. Stalk an inch and half long. Head large, white, dentated, ijnoothj CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI, 335 fmoothj volva multifid. In paftures, &c. 5. Pedunculatum. Stalked Puff-ball. Stalk, long. Head round, fmooth. Margin intire. In paftures frequent. MUCOR. Veficles on pedicles. * Permanent, 1. Sphaerocephalus. Round-headed Mucor >ov Mould. Stem filiform, black. Head grey. On rotten wood. 2. Lichenoides. Grey-headed Mucor. Stem black, fubulate. Head lenticular. On rotteri wood. 3. Embolus. Black Mucor. A black brittle, befet with brown hairs. On rotten wood. ** Fugitive, 4. Mucedo. Cotton Mucor. Grey, pellucid^ Capfule globular. On ftale bread, &c. 5. Leprofus. Yellowijh Mucor. Setaceous. Seeds radical. In vaults, &c. 6. Glaucus. Greenijh Mucor. Head round, zg~. gregated. On apples, &c. 7. Cruftaceus. Fingered Mucor. White. Spikej digitated. Head and briftles watry. On putrid meats. FINIS, • INDEX. GENERA. ABIES Acer Achillea — Acorus — Aclaea — Adiantum Adonis — Adoxa — ^Egilops i — ^gopodium vEthufa - Agaricus Agrimor.ia — Agroltemma- Agrofticum - Agroflis «— Aira — Ajuga Alchemilla Alifma — Allium — Alopecurus Alfine — Althea Amaranthus Anajallis — Anchufa Andromeda — Vol, 11. 266 280 239 93 H7 288 '54 j 10 r7S 76 82 328 •32 -1^7 284 »7 18 39 ioi 94 16 85 106 260 S3 47 Anemone — — Anethum Angelica Anthemis Anthericum Anthoceros — Anihoxanthum Anthills Antirrhinum — Aphanes — Apium — — Aquilegia ■ Arabis Arbutus — — Arciium — — Arenaria • — Artemefia Arum Arundo — " Alarum Afparagus — Aiperu^o — Afperula - — AfpltMium After — Allragalus — - Athamun'.a Athanafia — Z 152 • 75 - 73 ■ 23S " 97 3 10 - 8 201 - 173 4* 7'J 'S* 18; 114 2-i 123 229 252 27 »*' ' 91 49 55 285 234 207 79 228 Arri- [ 338 ] Atrlplcx Atropa Arena Ballota — Bartfia Bellis Berberis Beta Betonic3 •- Betula — Bjdens Blafia — Boletus — Borrago - Braffica — Briza — Bromus Bryonia Bryum Bufonia Bunias — Bunium Bupleurum Butomus — Buxus Byffus — CalHtriche Caltha — Campanula Card a mine Carduus — Carex — Carlina Carpinus Carum — Cafianea Caucalis 279 55 26 165 169 236 ' 95 ■ 67 164 261 227 310 33i 49 186 22 25 X76 295 4' 191 7» 70 1 12 261 327 - 2 158 ' 57 187 224 256 227 265 75 264 •:8 Centaurea - Centunculus Ceraftium Cerafus Ceratophyllum — Cha±rophyllum — Chama^drys ■ Chara — — Cheiranthus — — — Chenopodium Chelidonium — — Cherophyllum Chryfanthemum — Chryfofplenium — Cichorium Cicota — — Cineraria ■ ■ Circea Ciftus Clavaria Clematis ■ Clynopodium — — Cochlearia ■ Colchicum Comarum Conferva — — Conium ■ > Convallaria — — Convolvulus Conyza Coriandrum — — Cornus Corylus — Cotyledon ■ Cram be ■ — Crataegus Crep s Crithmurn. Crocus . — — 240 38 128 '37 262 i6d 319 184 • 64 148 - 83 237 "5 223 81 ' 236 3 - 150 333 153 - 166 182 - 101 J45 - 325 79 - 92 - 54 231 • 82 38 265 - 124 192 i33 221 - 72 7 9 [ 339 } Cucubalus — — 1 20 Filago 211 Cufcuta — 41 Fontinalis . 292. Cynogloflum 47 Fragaria 142 Cvnofurus — 23 Frankenia — »— qo Cyperus ■ ■ ■ il Fraxinus — 281 Fritillaria • 95 Da2 Gna^halium ■ — ■ 230 Echium ■ 50 Echinophora — 77 Hedera 62 Elatine — III Hcrdyfarum — 207 Elymus 28 Helleborus — 1-7 Empetrum — 269 Helvella 333 Epilobium ■ 104 Her?c*eiim 79 Equifetum 282 Hern i ma 64 Erica • 106 Helper's 1^5 Erigeron 2 "51 Hieracium 219 Eriophorum — 13 Hippocrepis . 207 Ervum — — — — • 206 Hippuris . 1 Eryngium 69 Holcus 278 Ervfimum • — 184 Hordeum 79 Euonymus — 59 Hottonia 52 Enpatonum — 228 Humulus <»r .. 2jt Euphorbia — 133 Hyacintbus — 02 Euphrafia • 170 Hydnum 332 ITydrocham • 273 Fngus -— T&4 Hydrocotyle — 69 rc-iluca — — — — 2j Hyofeyamiis — bi 2 Z Hyo. [ 340 ] Hyoferis — Hypericum — — Hypnum Hypochjeris — Jafione » Iberis ■ Ilex - Illecebrum Impatiens ■ Inula Iris . Ifatis Ifoetes . . Juncus — . . -. Jungernvannia — Juniperus ■ Kali Ladtuca -■ Lamium Lampfana — — Lap fan a . Lathrasa ■ — Lathyrus — — — Lavatera ■ — Lemna — — LeontodoH Leonurus Lepidium ■ Lichen ■ Ligufticum — Liguflrum — Limofella — Linum — Lithofpermum Lithrum — Lobelia -— . 222 2<3 299 222 242 183 42 62 244 IO I9I 289 90 3°4 - 275 - 67 217 163 - 223 - 223 - 172 202 - 197 254 - 218 - 166 - '79 - 3»i - 72 3 - 177 45» 87 - 46 99» J3» 243 Lolium Lonicera Lotus — Lychnis Lycoperdon Lycopodium Lycopfis — Lycopus Lyfimachia Ly thrum Malva ■ Marchantia — Marrubium — — Matricaria — Medicago — Melampyrum — Melica ' — — — Meliffa ■ Melittis — Mentha — — Meniamhes — Mercurialis Mefpilus . Milium Mnium ■ Monotropa . Montia • Mucor Myagrum « ■ Myofotis ' Myofurus ■ Myriophyllum — NarciiTus Nardus Nepeta Nymphsea 28 59 211 127 334 290 5° 7 5* 99 196 3°9 165 237 211 17* 20 167 168 161 51 273 *39 17 294 "3 3«> 335 178 46 89 263 93 H 160 M7 Oenan- [ 34i ] Oenanthe • Ononis Onopordum - OuhiogicfTum Ophrys . — Orciiis — Origanum ■ - OrnKhopus Ornithogalom — Orobaiiche Orobus ■ OfmunJa ■ — Oxdis — » Padus ■ P.nicum - Papaver ■ Parietaria ■ Paris . Parnaflia ■ Paftinaca ■ Pedicularis ■■ Peplis ■ Peucedanum — — Peziza ■ Phalaris ■ • Phallus i Phafcum — * Phellandrium — Phleum <— Phyteuma - Picris ■ Pilularia Pimpinclla ■ — Pinguicula .- Pinui — Pifum Plantago So Foa Polemonium — 20 ■ 54 200 Poly gal a — 199 227 Polygonum •— 63»99 283 Polypodium — 286 250 Polytricum — — 293 246 - *.-]*> 167 Potamogeton — - 4* 206 Potentilla — — ■ H3 96 Poterium 264 169 Prenanthes 218 202 Primula ■■ 5* 283 Prunella — 169 126 Prunus ■ ■ 137 Pteris — — 285 *37 Pulmonaria — - 48 *5 Pyrola — 114 148 Pyrus — 140 279 1 10 Qoercus — — 264 86 74 Ranunculus — — > 154 172 Raphanus — 187 95 Refeda — 132 71 Rnamnus • • &3 33 3 Rhinanthus — 170 H Rhodiola — • 273 $32 Ribcs — hi 291 Riccia — 310 81 14k 36 15 59 14^ 216 Rumex • 98> c9 289 Ruppia ■ 44 76 R ulcus •' ■ 2-,b 6 265 Sagina — — 44 20J *JU J V Salicornia .— — t Z ; S; UX [ 342 ] 267 Sphag.. S.liola 67 Spirea Sa x — 267 Sphagnum 2qi Salola 6? Spirea * Salvia 8 Splachnum — 2q* bambucus g4 Suchys — j6i S.nguiforba 35 Statyce — 8£ S.tucula 7q Staphylea — 8c baponana — ll8 Stdlaria — i22 Satyrium - 249 Stipa . 26 Saxifrasa , II5 Suatiotes — ,r2 Swbiofa 32 Swertia __ .£8 ucdndix 82 Symphytum 48 ochoenus — — iQ ^!1Ia 97 Tamus — 271 barpus n Tanocetum — 22g Sderanthus _ Il8 Targionia - ,08 Sprophularia 175 Taxus — 27c Scutellaria — ,68 Teucrium — 160 oecale , 2g Thaliftrum -- in Sedum I2J Thefium 63 bernpeivivum — 135 Thlafpi j8o Senecio 233 Thymus j6 berapias . 252 Tilia , co Serratula, — zz3 TurdyJium — 77 .Snerardia - 33 Tormentilla 144. Siboald.a — 88 Tr,goprgon Jc S.blhorpia 176 TrcmeJla 320 bilene ,20 Trichomanes - — 280 Sinapu , . i90 Tiisntahs — ,03 Slfon 74 Tritoh'um ■ 208 Sisymbrium ,89 T.jglcchin 100 Sjum _ — ?3 Trjticurn zq Smyrnium ~ ls Tiolliai 157 SoUnum 56 Turritis 186 Solidago ~ 235 Tuffilago ••• So/clius — Sorbus — Typha . ■ ■ 255 Spaig.-irum 2\6 Vaccinium 10c Sparuum _ ,99 Vaiamia 279 S^ergula — 88, 129 Valeriana • 9, 270 Veifa Vella — Verbafcum Verbena Veronica Viburnum Vicia - Vinca Vioia Vifcum [ 343 ] 178 60 31 4 84 204. 56 243 270 Ulex Ulmus Ulva Urtica Ucricularia Xanthium Zannichellia Zoflera 200 67 324 261 7 262 254 2>3 SPECIES. A Dder's Tongue 283' Agaric 328, 329 Agrimony — 132 - - wacer-hemp 228 AHer-tree ■ 261 Aider, common 261 • ■ blackberry-bear- ing — 63 Alexanders — Alkanet, baflard All-heal — — — . — clowns, — feed 4 J, Apple-rofe-tree — thorny — good — Al-e-watsr Angelica Anthoceros Anemone — 75 47 163 165 66 64 152 73 310 '53 - *4r - 55 Arbutus, pcrennial-leaved E 14 A"changel — 163 Arrow-head — 263 Arfmart — 63, 99, tog Afarabacca — — 131 A!h-tree — 281 .... mountain 139 A (h- weed — 76 Afp — 272 Afphodel — 98 Avens — — 145 Bane-berries Barbsrrv Bazil Z4 — 140 — 95 166 Ba- [ 344 ] Bafil, wild — Baum, baftard — Beam-tree, white Bears-fcot — Kcdftraw • — Beech-tree — Bell-flower ~— Beet — 57 Betony, Paul's — — water — • WCod ' Bilberries Bind-weed — black — Birch -tree — Birds-cherry — , eye — — — foot — ■ r.cil 78,113,249, 167 1 63 138 ■57 3 + 265 > S9 67 4 '75 164 105 54 109 261 '37 206 ■■ ' ■ tongue Biftorr — B lail a — Biite — Blood wort B.uebottlcs boletus ~- Borage - — flox-tree Bramble Brank *- Briar, common ■ ftveec BrockHme Broom — ■ rape Briony, black ■■ ■ while Brvum — 64, 250 ~.?4 icS, JC9 5;o 6, 260 ico 240 33 » 4-9 2jfll / 43 1 IO - '4' 141 '0 200 169 - 272 276 ;98 Buck-bean — thorn — wheat — ■ Bugle ■ Buglofs — ■■' cowflip — fmall wild Bullace-tree — Burdock lefs Burnet 52 271 no 159 47 48 5° 138 223- 262 •rofe Bur-reed — Butchers- broom — Butter-bur — ■ cups — — - — wort — Byfius — Cabbage -—— fea — 276 232 »S5 6 327 186 ,87 Ca'ainint — ■ ■■ 167 Cakrops — 43 Campion 120,121 Canterbury bells — 58 Carex — 257 — 260 Carrot, wild Caraways Cat-mint — Cats tsil — Catchfly ~V: 78 75 160 255 red German 128 Cshndine, g'eater 148 lefs 155 Centaury, maifh — 40 Iefs — 68 yellow — 188 Chamomile — 238, 239 Champignon — }ni Char- [ 345 ] Charlock — 187, 191 Cha^a 319, 32c Cheefe-rcnning — 35 Cherry-tree 137 Chervil, wild £3 Chefnat-tr?e — - 764 Chickweed, baftard 41 . berry bearing 120 ■ breakftone 44 . corr.mon 85 . moufe-ear 1 ;8, 129 ■ fea, plantain- leaved 123 " larch - leaved, &c. 124 ■ ftar he?ded 2 < 1 water — 30 — — — winter-green 103 Cicely, wild 83 Cinquefoil 143 baftard 88, 143 ■ marfli — 146 — — — filver - leaved, Sec. 143, 144 Ciftus, dwarf, &c. 150, >'3 8 333 3? *53 -3 27S 212 I27 Clary Clavaria Cleavers Climber Clot-bur marfli Cloud-berry — — Clover 2c5 Cockle Cock's-comb Cock's-head Colewort Co1 ts foot Columbines Comfrey Conferva - Corn I -wort Coriander Cornel Cows-weed wheat — -— crefted L .flips « L'rane berries — ■ Crab tree Cranefbill — 193, Crefs, baftard — ■■ penny » rocket •■ ■ rock ■ fwines — - water — winter — Crofswort — Crowfoot — 155, 156 berries — 270 mufk-wood no Cuckow- flower 128, 1 88 Cudweed 228, 230 — 231, 241, 242 6t 10 n 207 192 232 152 49 325 82 38 83 173 171 106 140 196 181 180 178 183 182 189 184 279 Currants — Cyperus, baftard — ■ faeet — Daffodil, pale — Englifh — chequered Daify Dandelion 93 9i 96 237 218 Dine- [ 346 ] Danewort — Darnel -■ ■■ Deptford-pink Devil's bit — 85 28 119 yellow — 219 Dew-berry — Dittander Dock • ~ " Dodder Dog-berry -~ role — white Drop -wort water — — hemlock — — pimpernel — Ducks meat Dwale Dyers-weed 1 323 Eglantine Elder — water — — « Elecampane — Elm Eryngo — Eyebrght 142 180 100 42 38 141 ibid 140 80 ibid 81 255 55 200 141 84 84 235 67 69 171 cow-wheat 170 Flixweed Fiuellin — — » Fox-glove Frog bit Fucus — - Fumitory Furze — Galingale Garlick Gentian . ■ marfh 173 = 190 174 176 274 321 198'' 200 ' 1 1 94 40 68 160 85 Fellwort Fennel — _ hogs Fern 284 237 Feverfew — Figwort Fir V Flag, fweet fm tiling Flax Fieabane 231, 252, 69 75 - 71 ,28c ,238 •75 266 93 87 235» 236 Germander ■ Gillyflower, fea — Glaodon, ftinking — ■ 10 Gla.'iole — 112, 243 Glafswort — 1 ., white — 1 66 prickly — 67 '57 215 294 178 235 91 65 34 200 ■ 76 101 29 '7 25 H '5 22 '3 28 23 Globe-flower — Goats-beard — Goldilocks — 155, Gold of pleafure — Golden rod — Goofe corn — foot — Grafs — Gorfe — Gout weed — Grafs, arrow-headed barley — bent — — — broom — — Canary — Cats-tail — cocks-foot — . cotton — darnel — — dogs-tail Grafs, [ 347 ] Grafs, feather ■ fefcue fox-tail — hair knot — lime — — — meadow melic quaking quick 22 Hemlock rye reed foft — fpring ■ fea — — — fea hard fcurvy - fea fpiked vetch - wheat whitlow • wrack Gromwell — Ground-ivy ■ pine — G round fel — 26 24 16 18 109 28 20 20 H 17 26 15 86 99 22 28 29 27 278 8 4+ 279 iSz 101 '79 253 46 163 160 -3j Hawthorn ■ ■■ ■ 138 Hearts-eafe ■ 244 Heath, common 106 — berried — 270 — — — fmooth fea — go — — - broad-leavedfea ib. fine leaved — 106 ■ ' crol's-leaved, &c. 107 99 ,6c Hedge-hyflbp nettle - muftard 184,190 Hellebore, baftard 157, 252 Henbane Henbit water great Herb Bennet — ■ Chriftopher Gerrard — Paris ■ Robert Holly- tree — — — knee ■ fea ■ ' 79 - 8i 61 6 163 i4> 148 76 110 Hare-bells Hares-ear, Ieaft Harts-tongue Hafel-nut-iree Hawkweed 216, — 9? 70 — 38$ 265 219, 222 I94 42 276 69 Honey fuckle 59 — dwarf 39 Honeywort — ■ 74 Hops -~ 271 Hcarhound, bafe — 165 {linking 165 » water — 7 white — i65 Horn- beam 26c Horferadilh 183 tail — -Sz Houfe* [ 348 ] Houfeleek ■ ■ 136 Hounds tongue — 48 Hyacinth 93 ■ vernal liar 97 Hydnum — 332 Hypnum 299 — 304 Irifh worts -■■ 107 Jack-by-the-hedge 1S4 Jacob's ladder 5 5 ]ews-ear - ■ 3Z0 July flower 185 Jungermannia 304 — 308 Juniper ■ 275 Ivy 62 — . ground 163 Kidney- wort vetch hairy Knapweed Knawel - Knot-grafs ... German — verticillate • Ladies finger — *- mantle -■ fmock ■ traces Lambs lettuce Lsrkfpur Laver Laurel, fpurge — Lavender, fea - ■ Lettuce — 217, Lilly of the valley ■ water - 124 116 201 240 118 109 118 62 — — 20 T — 39 188, 189 - 250 9 iSt 3*4 108 86 218 92 — vellcw water \xn Lime-tree ■ 150 wort ■ 1 1 9 Ling — — — — 106 Liquorice 207 Live-long — — - 125 Liver- wort 311— 319 Lizard-flower — 249 Locker-go wlons — 157 Lookingglafs, Venues 58 Loofeftnie, purple- fpiked yellow — 52 Lucern — *■ 212 Lungwort — 311 ■ golden 220 Madder, baftard ■ c roll wort field — — wild Mad wort • Maidenhair golden fea — true — white 35 ' 35 33 36 49 285 293 286 288 286 197 281 Mallow — Maple — — — — Marcrnrtia 309 Maijoram, wild — 167 Mares- tail 1 Marigold, marlh — 158 — •' corn 237 Marfh-mallow -- 196 Matfellon — — — - -40 Mayweed Meadowfweet Medic — — Meilar •— ~ 140 212 139 Mc- [ 349 3 Melilot Mercury Milfoil trefoil 64, Milkwort water, 208 212 273 239 263 199 . 62 Mint Miffel or Miffeltoe Mnium Money- wort tail Mug-wort ■ weed Mullein - Mufliroom - ■ fea «— • purple — 208 161, 162 270 294 53 J76 53 283 327 332 1 10 291 291 -293 167 166 335 185 219 grais 46 . 89 230 279 60 1 33° • 33i 191 baflard ————— purple Moonwort - ■ Moorballs . Morel Mofchatel « Mofs, bog — — —club 2c,o -■ water 292; Mother of thyme ■ wort — Mucor — — Moufe-ear, codded • creeping — fcorpion 329 mitre Muftard, common ■ ... , - hedge 184, 190 mitnrjdate J 80, 181 ■ tower — i So Muftard, treacle 180, 181 white wild Nap . 1 Navelwort Needle, fhepherds ■ furze — Nettle, common dead — — hemp ■ hedge — — Roman Nevew Nightfhade - Nipplewort Nut, earth bladder ■ 191 191 160 124 - 8a - 200 - 271 - 163 « 164 - 165 ^- 262 186 enchanters 5 ■ 225 • 7* 8> Oak Tea Orach .. , wild, &c Orpine Orchis Ofier Ofmund Ox-eye — tongue — Oyfter- green >-' 264 321 66 280 izc 237,239 — 216 — 3*4 Panfies — ■ Park-leaves Parfley, purple flowered, great baflard — - 77 244 213 corn fine leaved baftard 73 Par- [ 35° ] Parfley, fools ' 82 ■ hedge — — 78 . knotted 78 .,.,,,. mountain-done 79 h piert <■ 41 ■ fea — — 72 ■ ■ ■ ftone — 74 Parfnep, cow 74, 80 _ fea ■ 77 ftone i 74 water 73, 74 Pafque flower Pearlwort — Pear-tree 152 44 140 203 202 202 wort — — everlafting — — Peafe- heath — — wood, &c. ibid 203 Pellitory of the wall 279 Pennyroyal - - 162 .. wort, marfh 70 — wall — 124 Pepper-grafs 289 . _ water » 99 180 56 200 333 292 154 155 38 54 S3 119 128 160 266 37 Periwinkle P«ttv-whin Peziza Phafcum — Pheafant's eye Pilewort Pimpernel, baftard < ■ male — — — yellow — Pink, Deptford, &c. » meadow — ■ Pine, ground » Pitch-tree ■ Plantain ■ " ■ Plantain, baftard 177 ■ water 101, 102 Plowman's fpikenard 231 Polypody — 286—288 Polytrichum 293 Pond weed ■ 42 horned Poplar Poppy , Prick-madam ■ wood Prim Piimrofe •— Privet ■ Puff- balls Purflane, water 1 1 fea Quicken-tree ■ Quill-wort •— Raddifh, bafiard ■ horfe ■ ' ' water Ragwort — Kampions ■ ■ home Ramfon Rafpberry-bufh Rattle, yellow - red — Reed-mace ■ — Reft- harrow Riccia Rocket, bafe ; wall — fea — . water [ 35 Rocket, wild > winter — yellow — Rofewort Rofemary, wild — Rue, me.-dow Rupture-wort — 45 ■ leafl — Rufh bog • bull — club — flowering grafs hares-tail — hard fea round-headed, 187 184 190 273 113 *54 ,64 45 10 12 1 1 112 1 1 »3 90 &c. 9* Sage-wood Saffron — mountain Saintfoin St. John's wort 21 St. Peter's wort 21 Sallow . Saltwort black Sampire — 7 Sanicle ■ Yorkfhire Satyricn Sauce alone — — Saw-wcrt Saxifrage, burnet . Cornwall Englifh ■ — ' golden meadow , — white - - 160 10 97 - 207 3> 214 3,214 269 1 - 62 2, 236 70 - 7 249 • 184 224 - /6 - 72 - 130 - 115 — -1 ■ 117 I ] Scabious fheeps Scurvygrafs Self heal • Sea bread Sergreen • Septfoil Service tree Setterwort 116, true J* 242 182 169 3*7 '17 144 138 *39 '>7 Shepherd's needle — 82 purfe — Sicklewort Silverweed Sloe-tree Smallage Snakeweed Snapdrngon Sneeze wort Soapwort Soldier, frefh water Solomon's feal . — 1S1 M9 '43 76 118 9z Sorrel, common and flicep's mountain 272 Q3 wood — 126,127 Southernwood 22.J Sow-thiftle - — bane — Sparagus Spearwort . Speedwell Spcgnel . — Spikenard Spindle- tree Splachnum Spleenwort — 284, 286 Spurge laurel — to8 — — — olive — ■ 107 Spurge, 216, 2 tj 1 6$ - 98 ' '55 4 67 231 39 293 f. 352 ] Spurge, fea, &c. 133,134, (mail 89 124 130 33 Star of Bethlehem — 96 Spurrey — . — corn Squinancy wort thiflie . — wort — — fea Stichwort Stitchwort Stonecrop Strawberry "5. tree 241 2 235 44 122 126 142 114 22Z 223 2l6 Succory, fwines — — — — wild «— — — — yellow — Sun-dew, round-leaved 88 ■ — long-leaved 88 Sycomore — 281 Tanfey — wild Tare Targionia Teafel - Thiftle, cow ■ fpear, &c. — 224 — 227 St. Barnaby's 241 229 143 204 — 206 308 32 — 216 Thorn-apple Thorn, black ■ buck ■ » white Thorough-wax Thrift — — Throar,wort «~ Thyme 55 138 271 138 70 86 53 167 Toadflax, baftard — yellow, &c. — ivy-leaved Toothwort —— Touch me not -— — Touchwood — — Tormentil — 63 >74 173 172 245 332 144 153 &c. Traveller's Jcy — Trefoil, bird's foot, 208 — 212 — marfh — 52 Tremella — 320 Trichomenes — 289 True-love — 1 10 Tiuffle — 334 Turnip — 187 Tutfsn — 213 Twy blade ~ 250 Valerian — 9, 270 Greek — 55 Venus's comb — 82 looking-glafs 58 Vervain 31 Vetch — 202, 205 tufted horfeflioe 207 Vetchling — 202, 203 Violet — 243, 244 calathian — 68 — — corn — 58 — —dame's — 185 — —water 52 Wake- robin — 253 Wall-flower 184, 185 wort — — — • 85 Water-crefTes — 189 dock — 100 — — • wort .1 ■ — in Way- [ 353 ] Way-bread . 37 Winter-green, common, — — faringtree — 84 &c. — — 114,115 thiltle 224 Woad J92 Whins ■- 200 - ■ wild — — 132 White-root 70 Wood-bind 59 Whitlow-grafs — 179 root «■ 33 Whortle- berries 105, 106 rum - 92 Willow herb 104,105 Worm -feed, treacle 184 Willow 267, 268 wood 229, 230 herb podded i£i Worts, Irifh 107 hooded — 168 Wrack, grafs — — 253 rofe-bay — 104 . fea 32* 53 - tufted ■ yellow ■ 52 Yarrow 239 Winter. green 103 Yew-tree ■■ 276 Vol If, A a M§ m t UN m ■ lMHi Ml US I ■ ■ m HUM I H ifff ■ m : i. Iff? 1 Bffii nftltiu UN asm f ■MP I !uiUIiUHllti» Hittlflfflfi MiailnfUtflW H Huh ii