ileus 
ty i 


pear ete ts 


Seaseate 
5 


> 


tet. 
es 


Seetes 
a 


pie Se eeee 


4 Pp yee ity 
Pye Sua tie 
ety) aA 


bine 


Se 
lie xeree Fast tet 
Sle Saha ttt neds 
A S 


a 


2, eat e Ne 


pent 
tei 
#7). ig 


~ 


se 


AMERICAN 


VETERINARY REVIEW 


EDITED BY 


PROF. A. LIAUTARD, 


Member Central Society of Veterinary Medicine (Paris). 


Surgeons (England). 


Honorary Fellow Royal College of Veterinary 


Foreign Corresponding Member Academy of Medicine Brucelles (Belgique). 


ROSCOE R. BELL, D.V.S., and 
; . ROBERT W. ELLIS, D.V.S. 


WITH THE COLLABORATION OF 


oe 


Prof. W. J. COATES, M.D.. D.V.S., New York- 
American Veterinary College. 

Prof. O. SCHWARZKOPF, D. V. M., U.S. Army, 
Camp Stotsenburg, Philippine Islands. 

Prof. W. L WILLIAMS, V. S., President New 
York State V. M. Society, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Prof. S. STEWART, Kansas City Veterinary Col- 
lege, Kansas City, Mo. 

M. H. McKILtiiP, M.D., V.S., of McKillip Veteri- 
nary College, Chicago, Ill. 

WM. HERBERT LOWE, D.V.S., Pres’t. N. J. 
State Board Vet. Med. Ex., Paterson, N J. 

Prof. M. H. REYNOLDS, University of Minnesota, 
St. Anthony Park, Minn. 

WM. H. DALRYMPLE, M R.C.V.S., Veterinarian 
Louisiana Ag Exp. Sta , Batun Rouge, La. 


D. ARTHUR HUGHES. PH. 2., D. V. M., Veteri- 
hary Inspector Commissary Dept., U. S. 
Army, Army Building, Omaha, Neb. 

Prof. LEONARD PEARSON, Dean Vet. Dept., 
University of Penn., etc., Philadelphia, Pa. 


| L. A. MERILLAT, V.S.,Chicago Veterinary Col- 


lege, Chicago, II. 

D. E. SALMON, D. VY. M., former Chief U. S. Bu- 
reau of Animal Industry, Washington, D C. 

Prof. VERANUS A. MOORE. New York State 
Veterinary College, Ithaca, N. Y. 

RICHARD P. I.YMAN (Harvard), Sec’y A. V. 
M, A., Hartford, Conn. 

C. J. MARSHALL, V. M. D., Sec. Pa. S. V. M. A., 
Philadelphia, Pa. 


And several others. 


VOLUME XXX. 


NEW YORK: 


PUBLISHED BY AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, 


509 WEST 152d STREET. 


~ 


ea = 4 ee ee ate oneal 
— hy PTS Groen iia hgaaniaa ios we 


a AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. 


APRIL, Eee 


EDITORIAL. 


EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. 
PARIS, FRANCE, February 15, 1905. 

‘‘ PROCEEDINGS” OF THE A. V. M. A.—When I mailed my 
‘“‘ Chronicles” for March, I had not yet received the printed pro- 
ceedings of the A. V. M. Association for 1904. They only 
came three days later—and it is with pleasure that in this my 
first ‘‘ Chronicles” for our Volume X XIX, I can notice it—only 
notice it, for certainly later on I will ask permission to say a 
word or two more in behalf of that part of it relating to 
‘‘ Needed Reforms in Veterinary Education.” 

The “ Proceedings” of the forty-first meeting—[how far 
these figures bring some of us back ]—formsa handsome volume 
and the Committee on Publication and its Chairman, Dr. Rich- 
ard P. Lyman, deserve credit for the prompt manner with. 
which the work has been accomplished and the neat manner in 
which it has been presented to our confréres. Iam sure that all 
the members of the Association have read it over and over 
again, thus refreshing their minds upon the treat they had in 
St. Louis. It is unnecessary for me to review the work, as its 
contents are already known to our readers. 

I must, however, ask one question. The Association does 
good work; it meets regularly once a year. It records its labor 
in a neat form and issues a valuable book; but does it let the 
world know of it? Are those proceedings to remain only for 
us? or will others be allowed to know of them? In other 


I 


2 EDITORIAL. 


words, would it not be proper tosend some of these proceedings, 
as complimentary from the Association, to the libraries of some 
veterinary schools and societies of Europe ? 

It may be objected that proceedings of similar organizations 
of Europe are not sent to our Librarian. The reason may be 
that our existence being unknown, it is not possible for them 
to do so. 


Anvhow, this is only a suggestion I make! 


* 
* * 


THE EXPERIMENTS WITH VON BEHRING’S VIRUS.—In the 
January “ Chronicles” (No. 10 of our last volume), I was tell- 
ing you of the experiments which were to be organized by the 
Société de Médecine Vétérinaire Pratique to test the value of 
von Behring’s antituberculous Jennerisation. To-day I will tell 
of the work so far done. Prevented from being present by ill- 
ness, I did not assist in the first part of the experiment which 
took place December 11 last. ‘There were 21 calves, aged be- 
tween 4 and 6 months, and belonging to various breeds. They 
had been all submitted to the tuberculin test a few days prev- 
ious and on December 11, before a large representation of the 
veterinary profession, they were injected in the left jugular by 
Prof. Vallée, with an emulsion containing 4 milligrammes of 
dried vaccine, which had been sent from von Behring’s labora- 
tory. 

After the operation, Prof. Vallée held a conference on the 
subject, and on the object of the vaccination, in which he gave 
the history of the discovery claimed by von Behring, who uses 
as vaccine cultures of human bacilli, dried in vacuum. ‘The 
first inoculation made, twelve weeks after another injection of 
bacilli, five times stronger, shall be made. In this experiment 
all the precautions are taken to prevent any possible infection, 
and if any of the calves react to the injections of tuberculin 
which shall be made several weeks after each vaccination, the 
nocicity of this could not be contested. Should this occur, the 
infected animals shall be kept to watch the development of the 
lesions promoted by the vaccination. Several weeks after the 


EDITORIAL. 3: 


second vaccination—therefore about June, 1905—all the vaccina- 
ted subjects shall be submitted to severe tests of infection, of 
various nature, and exposures to bovine tuberculous virus at 
the same time with an equal number of healthy witnesses. 
That date-:in June will be looked forward to with inter- 
est. 

= * 

THE DANGERS AND DIFFICULTIES OF VON BEHRING’S METH- 
op.—To read this description of the modus operandi seems to 
show how simple all the manipulations are. But, nevertheless, 
they are not, and Prof. Vallée, as others have already done, points 
out some difficulties which, on account of their being rather 
serious, will have to be overcome before the operation can enter 
daily practice. Indeed, every one who has experimented with 
the vaccine agrees in saying that the preparations and the vac- 
cination are not exempt from the greatest danger. According 
to some German writers, the manipulations preceding the opera- 
tion are very dangerous. For instance, the veterinarian must pre- 
pare the emulsion himself, at the time it is to be used. He must 
crush the virulent powder into a mortar with sterilized water, 
added little by little, and, says Vallée, ‘this manipulation is 
most certainly dangerous, made as it will be in open air and from 
which minute dust of the dangerous bacilli will be spread 
more or less.” While doing it one must protect himself by cov- 
ering his nose and month with a regular mask of wadding, and 
even then will that be sufficient ? It is reported that the manipu- 
lations of preparing the dried virus have already been followed 
with infection among the working class at Marbourg, where 
this powder is prepared. I must, however, say that Prof. 
Vallée has already found a way to render the making of the 
emulsion almost harmless. One must bear in mind that it is 
very essential that the emulsion be as thorough and perfect as 
possible, or the quality of the vaccine will be defectuous by the 
deficiency in the number of bacilli introduced. This first 
objection is very important, even if it can be overcome. The 
second, which is attributed to Prof. Vallée by Mr. Pion, in the 


4 EDITORIAL. 


Semaine Veterinaire, says that the method of immunization of 
von Behring remains, scientifically speaking, very uncertain. 
I have attentively read Prof. Vallée’s remarks and failed to find 


this expression. 
* 


ok * 

ProF. LIGNIERE’S METHOD.—Of course the discovery of a 
vaccine is the object of many investigators to-day, and it is not 
surprising if some one would not take advantage of the experi- 
ments now carried out by the Société de Médicine Vétérinaire 
Pratique. Indeed, at the stables where the 21 calves were in- 
oculated (method von Behring), there were two others. These 
had been submitted to the same minute tests of tuberculin and 
were also on December 11 injected under the skin of the left 
side of the neck with an antituberculous vaccine sent from Bu- 
enos Ayres by Prof. Ligniére. What the vaccine is, I do not 
know ; and if it succeeds it will certainly take the lead over 
that of von Behring, as it demands only one vaccination. 
These two Ligniére calves will be submitted to the same ex- 
posure of infection. ‘The result will certainly be very interest- 


ing, even if it has to be waited for so long. 


* 
* > 


OTHER EXPERIMENTS ALONG SIMILAR LINES.—If the 
method of von Behring is to-day in France the object of a 
practical test, in other parts of the world it has been experi- 
mented with more or less largely. Bang’s method was sur- 
rounded with great difficulties; that of Ostertag also, besides 
being too long in its results ; that of von Behring was from the 
start accepted by many with enthusiasm; experimeuts were 
started, and already reports are coming in telling us of the value 
of Jennerisation, and giving us the opinions of those who have 
resorted toit. In the Revue de Leclainche of December 15 
there is a general review of all that has been done, which is 
concise and interesting. 

After reviewing the investigations of de Schweinitz, Schroe- 
der, McFadyean, and Thomassen, the writer arrives at the ex- 
perimental test of von Behring’s method. 


EDITORIAL. 5 


Pearson and Gilliland, recognizing the immunizing value of 
inoculations of cultures of human bacilli, are carrying on ex- 
periments to test the duration of the immunity they confer. 
Schlegel, Lorenz, and Eber receive bovines immunized by von 
Behring with the object of controlling the immunization ; but 
the experiments that follow have but a limited significance, as 
they were not placed in the conditions of practical value, and 
the results, about the same by all, are yet doubtful. Hutyra 
experiments also, but his works, interesting as they were, do 
not bring a direct demonstration of the efficiency of vaccina- 
tion. They show that it increases the existence of the organ- 
ism, but that the vaccinated subjects do not resist intravenous 
virulent injection. All the previous experiments in the labo- 
ratory are of little value, as no eventual condition of a useful 
vaccination has been looked for. 

ra ea 

VON BEHRING’S METHOD IN PRACTICE.—The method has 
received a wide application in central Europe. Thousands.of 
animals have been vaccinated, and in a short time von aie 
will publish the results of ten thousand inoculations.  ‘ 

Some of the inoculated have tuberculous lesions that can- 
not be explained except by the vaccine.” ‘The supposition of 
Roemer that the lesions found were due to infection previous to 
the vaccination cannot be entertained; the animals had been 
tuberculined before vaccination. There is no doubt that Jen- 
nerisation, at least with the vaccines that were used in some 
cases, is liable to give rise to a chronic tuberculous evolution- 
As very rightly remarked, by de Schweinitz and Schroeder, it is 
important to know exactly the duration of the surode of the 
human bacilli thrown into the cattle. Even when the vaccina- 
tion would give only mild lesions, limited and harmless for the 
health of the animals, there would be an enormous objection to 
promote in an animal which furnishes man with meat and milk 
the development of a human bacillus much more dangerous for 
man than the normal bacillus of cattle.” 

Of course, the statistics will give the frequency of accidents, 


6 EDITORIAL. 


the duration of the provoked infections, that of the conferred im- 
munity . . . . let us wait and hope for their correctness, 
and in the meanwhile assume the conclusions generally arrived 
at by Casper and others: 

(1.) Young bovines can be vaccinated against bovine tuber- 
culosis. ‘The vaccination is realized experimentally by various 
processes, and principally by the intravenous injection of human 
bacilli. 

(2.) The practical value of the vaccination cannot be estab- 
lished until the results of the experiments made in various 
places shall be known. 

(3.) Von Behring’s vaccination is not always harmless even 
for young animals. 

(4.) The technic of the vaccination must be considerably 


improved. 


* 
> ok 


Dr. PHYSALIX’S DISTEMPER PROPHYLAXIS.—In the same 
‘““Chronicles” of January I thought I would complete my com- 
munication relating to the Physalix prophylactic treatment of 
distemper in dogs, and I sent you the report made by the 
commission appointed in England to test its value. This 
report, signed by veterinary authorities in England, among 
them Prof. McFadyean, was that of the majority. But it seems 
that there was a minority inthe commission. The Veterznary 
News has in several numbers given the report of the minority, 
signed by two members, Mr. H. Gray and E. Lionel Shoud. It 
is nothing but justice that I should give you the conclusions of 
the report of the two gentlemen. They read as follows: 

“From what we know of the facts of the whole of the case 
we conclude that these investigations, although of great inter- 
est from a clinical point of view, have not by any means solved 
the question, viz., to prove or disprove the utility of the vaccine 
introduced by Dr. Physalix to prevent distemper. 

‘We also believe that the common source of infection was 

, . We consider that the evidence obtained should not 
be aitimed to be buried, but published, and that further inves- 


EDITORIAL. yi 


tigations should be undertaken for the benefit of the veterinary 
profession and dog-owning public.” 

The criticisms of the report of the minority have been rather 
severe, if I can judge by some of the letters which have ap- 
peared, but certainly those who are very desirous of knowing 
the whole truth of the preventive inoculations of Dr. Physalix 
would be glad to see further investigations carried out. The 
subject is sufficiently important and offers sufficient interest to 
support the suggestion. Time will tell if more experiments 
will be undertaken. Iam in doubt of it. Those who know of 
the peculiarities and conditions of distemper will readily appre- 
ciate the reasons which will render such experiments entirely 


exempt of possible causes of failures. 
* 


* * 

TROPICAL DISEASES AT THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS.— 
In a previous issue the attention of our readers has already been 
called to the Eighth International Veterinary Congress which is 
to be held from the 3d to the oth of September, 1905, at Buda- 
pest. I have received lately documents which will bring new 
interest to this great gathering, viz., the information of an in- 
ternational conference on tropical animal diseases. In 1904 
delegates of the South African colonies of Great Britain held a 
meeting at Capetown, where prophylactic measures to be taken 
against the contagious diseases of meridional Africa were dis- 
cussed. After the meeting the question was agitated to bring 
the subject before the Eighth International Congress, and final- 
ly an organization was made up of all the members and dele- 
gates of the States and colonies of meridional Africa, of Austra- 
lia, India, Egypt, United States of America, of South American 
States, and in general of all countries and colonies where 
domestic animals are suffering with diseases analogous to those 
prevailing in South Africa, with the object to have the ques- 
tions relating to them discussed in a scientific manner. Although 
in its programme, the Eighth International Congress had al- 
ready included the consideration of tropical diseases, the organ- 
ization of the committee at Capetown and the object of its 


8 EDITORIAL. 


labors were fully taken into consideration, and measures taken 
to facilitate its labors. Those of our friends who in South Af- 
rica, in Philippines, etc., may have had opportunities to witness 
some of the diseases in question will no doubt find much inter- 


est in following the work of the Congress. 


* 
* 


* 

THE NOCARD MONUMENT, AND AMERICA’S SHARE IN IT.— 
I believe that the generous gift of the American Veterinary 
Medical Association, which was handed in a short time since, 
was about closing the subscription which was open to the world 
for the erection of a monument to the memory of Prof. E. 
Nocard. The total amount received is in the neighborhood of 
$10,000, of which veterinarians of North America gave a good 
share—nearly $500. Truly, it is but a twentieth of the whole 
amount, but when one takes into consideration the difficulties 
that were present, I find and the committee in sending their 
thanks agrees with me, that our American brethren have done 
well. The monument will be simply grand, and will be placed 
in the Alfort School. It is said that the inauguration will take 
place in the second half of October, 1905. A. In 


“THE VETERINARIAN AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY.” 


In our editorial remarks in the January number, citing in- 
stances where a number of veterinarians in Pennsylvania and 
New York had attended and addressed meetings of stock breed- 
ers and farmers upon subjects connected with the diseases of 
domestic animals, as well as other questions relating to animal 
husbandry, the point sought to be impressed was the great good 
which might thus be caused to flow to our profession through 
this cooperation, since a better understanding of our worth and 
needs could be produced upon the minds of stockmen. It was 
shown how by this means protective laws and measures for the 
betterment of live-stock interests could be secured if agricultur- 
ists understood us more thoroughly and were hence more in 
sympathy with our ambitions and necessities. The article did 
not have for its object an enumeration of those veterinarians of 


EDITORIAL. 9 


the country who have labored in this:direction. Had this been 
attempted there are many men inevery quarter who should have 
been included. Indeed, the pioneer workers in this field were 
not mentioned, because our object was merely to draw attention 
to a conspicuous succession of meetings along the Northern 
Seaboard which were distinguished by the presence of veterina- 
rians, whose activity was deemed most commendable. Had we 
striven to give a list of such missionaries, there is one veterina- 
tian in the South whom we should have placed in the first line, 
for he has done more to make his profession understood and re- 
spected in a land where the term ‘“‘ veterinarian’ was unknown 
but a short time ago, than any man in this country. Dr. Wm. 
H. Dalrymple, of Louisiana, has for the past nine years been 
Secretary of the Louisiana State Agricultural Society and the 
Louisiana Stock-breeders’ Association, and for several years past 
has represented his State on the Executive Committee of the 
National Live Stock Association. ‘There is scarcely a conven- 
tion of breeders and agriculturists in that section where his 
voice is not sought as a feature of the meeting, and in his edi- 
torial work upon the agricultural press he never loses an oppor- 
tunity to draw attention to the achievements of his profes-. 
sion. 

His is not the only instance of such services to the veterinary 
profession and to the live-stock interests. Our members are 
taking advantage of their opportunities in all sections, and we 
simply here wish to urge them on in their great work. Whats 
to the interest of the one is the concern of the other, and this 
mutual spirit cannot fail to be to the benefit and to the honor 
of both. 


pine HVOLUTION OF THE HORSE.”’ 


That the better element of the general public is keenly in- 
terested in “ the affairs of the horse,” was demonstrated during 
the first three weeks in February, when Professor Henry Fair- 
field Osborn, LL.D., Sc.D., Professor of Zodlogy at Columbia 
University, delivered six beautifully illustrated lectures on the 


10 EDITORIAL. 


evolution of the horse in the great North Hall of the American 
Museum of Natural History in Central Park, New York. ‘The 
lectures were as follows: (1) The horse as an- animal mechan- 
ism. (2) The horse in relation to the idea of evolution. (3) 
The fossil history of the horse (especially in North America). 
(4) The fossil history of the horse continued (contrast between 
Miocene horses of Europe and North America). (5) Existing 
races of horses, asses and zebras. (6) Probable origin of the 
domesticated breeds of horses. 

When it is considered that the subjects of the above lectures, 
illustrated by the most up-to-date stereopticon outfit, presenting 
the subjects life size, some idea of the treat that was enjoyed by 
those attending the course can be obtained. 

A goodly number of the veterinarians of Gotham (accom- 
panied in many instances by their wives), were seen each lec- 
ture-night listening with deep interest to the learned professor’s 
remarks ; going away each night fully satisfied, and expressing 
a determination to be present on the next occasion. 

It is gratifying to see the public outside of the veterinary 
profession, ladies as well as gentlemen, display the interest that 
was shown in this subject, and it is doubly gratifying to have a 
man such as Professor Osborn present the subject to the public, 
and thus arouse their interest in the wonderful adaptability of 
the different structures of the horse to their peculiar function, 
and of the horse as a whole, to his work in man’s service; at 
the same time enlisting their sympathy, and adding recruits to 
the army of horse-lovers. (R. W. E.) 


THE veterinarians of Pennsylvania are leaving not a stone 
unturned in their effort to secure an appropriation of $100,000 
from the Legislature of that State for the Veterinary Department 
of the University of Pennsylvania, and when they unite ina 
common cause the Keystone veterinarians usually succeed. 
With the recent endowment of a similar sum, the school will 
have a fund sufficient to place it at the very front of veterinary 
educational] institutions in America. 


EDITORIAL. pee 


‘GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR OR Not? The Government 
Inspectorship in the United States Department of Agriculture 
dspeeeareer. iby Dr. D. Arthur Hughes, East.St- Louis, IIL, 
will be published in the REviEw for May, and will be a fitting 
continuation of the fascinating story appearing in the present 
number by the same author. 


Ir is believed by the publishers of the REVIEW that this 
journal has now reached the largest doa fide circulation among 
the veterinarians of this country and its dependencies. that was 
ever given to a similar publication. There are probably certain 
foreign professional periodicals with a greater c/ventcé/e, but they 
may be counted upon the fingers of the right hand, and the 
thumb and index finger can be-omitted. 


PRESIDENT KNOWLES, of the A. V. M. A., has secured a 
representative body of Cleveland veterinarians as a local com- 
mittee of arrangements for the approaching meeting in that 
city. and all who know them will at once be assured of success 
when their names are read. The Cleveland meeting will sur- 
pass all previous ones, if the signs of the times are worth any- 
thing. Interesting data concerning the national organization 
will be found elsewhere in this number. 


FOR UNIFORM AMERICAN VETERINARY TITLE.—In a paper 
contributed tothe lowa-Nebraska Veterinary Medical Association 
meeting, at Omaha, Neb., Oct. 4 last, Dr. H. Jensen, of Weeping 
‘Water, Neb., says : ‘‘There is one more subject that lies very close 
to my heart that we ought to take some action upon, and that is 
the question of veterinary degrees. We have in this country no 
less than a half dozen different degrees attached to the veteri- 
nary profession, thereby puzzling the public as to what these 
degrees really stand for. And to me it seems idiotic that such 
a state of affairs should exist. Resolutions should be made at 
this meeting and forwarded to the Secretary of the American 
Veterinary Medical Association, so that they may take some ac- 
tion upon this question at the next National meeting, that we 
may secure a uniform degree in the United States.” 


12 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


ORIGINAL ARTICLES. 


THE VALUE OF MEAT INSPECTION TO THE PUBLIC 
HEAUTH: 


THE DANGERS FROM ANIMAL DISEASES—METHODS OF MEET- 
ING THE DANGER—WHAT MEAT INSPECTION ASSURES TO 
THE PEOPLE. ILLUSTRATED WITH PHOTOGRAPHS. 


By D. ARTHUR HUGHES, PH. D., D. V. M., CORNELL UNIVERSITY, 
GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR, EasT ST. LOUIS. 


I. THE DANGERS OF ANIMAL DISEASE TO THE PUBIIC HEALTH. 


The relation of animal disease to human disease—Animal d1s- 
eases a menace to man—WNecessity for government control. 


Grave as are the dangers which may arise from the consump- 
tion of meats in any degree unwholesome, people are apt to use 
meats and meat products, seemingly fresh and wholesome, 
without fear and due precaution. The close relationship of 
animal diseases to human diseases is well known to the scien- 
tist; but the great American public does not know the care and 
caution which is necessary to prevent the direct transmission to 
man of diseases common to animals, or to prevent the setting 
up of diseased condition in man arising from the consump- 
tion of meats from unhealthy animals. Yet in these days of ab- 
sorbing interest in preventive medicine and dissemination broad- 
cast of knowledge on means of prevention of disease, it is well 
that the people should have explained to them the danger and 
means of avoidance. ‘That certain frightful dieases can be, and 
have been, transmitted from animals to man as infections: that 
certain other non-infectious diseases, nevertheless almost equally 
destructive to man, are started unknowingly by those who eat 
such meats, point to an undoubted danger. How great the 
danger is from this single source of disease it is impossible to 
measure. Still its gravity is indubitable. 


THE VALUE OF MEAT INSPECTION TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH. 13 


There are many means by which animal ills may become 
hurtful to man. The chief means may be very well illustrated 
by reference to several animal maladies. Most important of all 
are, firstly, the infections likely to be directly carried from ani- 
mal to man and becoming, when so carried, equally destructive 
to the human body. Of all the infections certainly the most 
dreaded and surely the most destructive is tuberculosis—com- 
monly called ‘‘consumption”’ when it attacks the lungs of man. 
Everyone remembers the view of Robert Koch expressed at the 
British Tuberculosis Congress in Igor: that he believed this 
infection in cattle was not transmissible to man. Nevertheless 
the same congress, in which were gathered distinguished stu- 
dents of infections from all lands, by a great majority, said, “in 
the opinion of this congress medical health officers should use 
the powers at their disposal and relax no effort to prevent the 
spread of tuberculosis by milk and meat.” This infection car- 
ries off one-seventh of the human race; in some European coun- 
tries, twenty, forty, and even sixty per cent. of the cattle are 
infected by it. With the facts so alarming, the people wili not 
tolerate flesh from an animal infected with tuberculosis for food. 
In still a second group must be placed diseases like Texas fever 
in cattle and cholera in swine which render the meats, if not 
dangerous, at least decidedly harmful to man and valueless for 
food ; for, far from containing nourishment, they are the cause 
of chronic diarrhoea and prolonged indigestion. Third, the 
flesh of animals often enough contains parasites in such a form 
as to be dangerous to man. For instance, the people do not 
usually know that the only means to become infested with tape 
worm is to eat the improperly cooked meat of swine or cattle in- 
fested with the cystic or second form of the worm’s life found 
only in the meats of those animals. Gradual emaciation, de- 
bility and even death in man ensue from being infested with 
these parasites. 

The United States government, thoroughly aware of the 
danger of animal diseases to the public health, has devised an 
elaborate plan to meet the danger. 


14 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


IIl.—METHODS OF MEETING THE DANGER. 
Summary of the first few paragraphs of the Federal law— 
Growth and present extent of government inspection—The 
diseases covered in the inspection—Description of work 
at official abattotrs. 

By virtue of an act of Congress, approved March 3, 1891, 
and an amendment approved March 2, 1895, the Secretary of 
Agriculture was empowered to form, set in motion and promul- 
gate the requirements of a system of inspection of live cattle, 
hogs and other animals and the carcasses and products thereof 
which are the subjects of interstate and foreign trade. With 
authority resting in the acts of 1891 and 1895 the Department 
of Agriculture has originated a system of Federal inspection of 
animals, their parts and their products, which embraces in its 
workings the whole live-stock trade of the country in so far as 
it has the least to do with interstate or foreign commerce. The 
law explicitly designates the persons who are concerned in its 
provisions: “proprietors of slaughter houses, canning, salting. 
packing or rendering establishments engaged in the slaughter 
of cattle, sheep or swine, or the packing of any of their pro- 
ducts, the carcasses or products of which are to become the sub- 
ject of interstate or foreign commerce.” ‘These proprietors 
must do three things: must make application for Federal in- 
spection ; must state in detail the work anticipated ; and must 
agree to strictly comply with the regulations of the inspection. 

Since 1891, when government inspection of all animals en- 
tering the great abattoirs was begun, the extension of the in- 
spection to the limits of the country has been rapid. In 1891, 
on the initiation of the movement, government inspection of 
animals coveredonly nine establishments in six cities. Now it 
embraces the majority of the packing establishments—in all 
one hundred and fifty-five establishments in fifty cities, and it is 
still extending. Not only are all the packing houses and all 
the yards in Chicago—that great centre of the packing trades— 
rigorously supervised by the Federal eye, but the work has 
radiated everywhere even to the remotest points of the conti- 


~ 


THE VALUE OF MEAT INSPECTION TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH. 15 


nent, Boston, New York, Philadelphia; Fort Worth, Texas ; 
Monterey, San Francisco, Portland on the Western coast. The 
astonishing thing is so much has been done, so well done, and 
there has been such a ready compliance with the law. The 
mind reading the figures reels with the magnitude of the trade 
in live-stock ; for, from official report, the inspection last year 
reached 839,227 for calves; 9,796,450 for cattle; 12,556,729 
for sheep; and, wonderful to relate, 35,964,530 for hogs—a 
total of over fifty-nine millions of animals. 

There is considerable difficulty involved in an attempt to ex- 
plain to those not intimately acquainted with medical terms 
the reasons for which animals arecondemned. ‘The chief point 
in question is: is a particular disease found in an animal hurt- 
ful or destructive to man if the meat should be eaten? ‘The 
answer to the question is left to the inspector; and his judg- 
ment is final. However, his judgment is guided by reference to 
the printed regulations for inspectors. By the consensus of 
opinion of medical men, animals having an infection like hog 
cholera, swine plague, anthrax, rabies, pycemia, septiceemia, 
black-leg, tuberculosis or Texas fever should be condemned ; 
and animals so infected are condemned by government regula- 
tion. Those with virulent and aggravated inflammations of 
vital portions of the body like the lungs, pleurze, walls of the 
intestines, the peritoneal covering of the intestines, or the 
uterus are condemned and destroyed. A third kind of diseases 
for which an inspector rejects animals and often condemns 
them are parasitic ailments like mange, scab (scabies), tape 
worm, trichinze. Too young or immature animals, those in 
advanced pregnancy, the badly bruised, the badly injured, those 
showing tumors or suppurative sores are mentioned as con- 
demnable. However, the inspector’s code of regulations does 
not shackle his judgment; nor is it meant to shackle it; for 
the officer may cast aside an animal or carcass for ‘‘any disease 
or injury, which causing elevation of temperature or affecting 
the system of the animal, will make the flesh unfit for food.” 

The government supervision of the live-stock trade in its 


16 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


relation to the packing houses takes three forms: an inspection 
of the animals before death ; an inspection of the carcasses after 
death ; an oversight of the carcasses. parts of carcasses or edible 
products as they pass into the trade. 

Inasmuch as conditions met with in an animal before death 
are an index to what may be expected post-mortem, all animals 
are subjected to a sufficiently close examination in the stock 
yards before being driven into the abattoirs. In packing-house 
towns a group of abattoirs, belonging of course to rival com- 
panies, is surrounded by stock yards divided off into numerous 
pens. Commonly a single yard, with the pens, cover a mile or 
several miles square, with railroads running in from every di- 
rection. It is in the yards when the animals are landing from 
trains, after they are in the pens, or are passing to a pen the 
floor of which is the scales or weighing platform, that the gov- 
ernment inspection of animals, while they are alive, occurs. As 
the chief object is to separate animals fit for food from the unfit, 
a sharp eye must be kept on all animals while they are in the 
yards. In all instances the unfit animals are turned aside into 
government pens ; eacli animal so penned has a metal tag placed 
in an ear containing the words “U. S. Rejected,” and a serial 
number. Such an animal cannot pass out from the yards where 
it was rejected, must be sold and killed in some one of the abat- 
toirs in the particular yard where the ante-mortem inspection 
occurred. When it is to be killed a notice is sent to the gov- 
ernment inspector of the floor in the abattoir where its slaughter 
is to occur, in order that he may make a final examination of it 
and dispose of it according to his judgment based on his knowl- 
edge of ante-mortem conditions and post-mortem findings. Thus 
cattle are inspected before death three times: at the train land- 
ing where inspectors look for infectious diseases among them, 
and for the bruised or injured ; in the pen just before the cattle 
are to step on the scales platform, where men look for actino- 
mycosis (lumpy jaw), obvious advanced pregnancy, tumors or 
suppurative conditions ; in the common pens where men look 
for emaciation whether from tuberculosis or any other cause. 


THE VALUE OF MEAT INSPECTION TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH. aL 


Hogs must pass, before death, in front of the eyes of the gov- 
ernment officials at least twice—though usually they are in- 
spected oftener; they are inspected at the train landing for in- 
fectious diseases or any marked illness or weakness observable ; 
they are inspected in the pens just before passing to the weigh- 
ing-scale platform for advanced pregnancy, tumors, suppurative 
conditions or other symptoms of diseases. Sheep, likewise, are 
inspected in the sheep folds for any seriously objectionable con- 
ditions, though notably for scabies, advanced pregnancy, in- 
juries or emaciation. 

Not at all satisfied with a mere inspection of animals before 
death, the government places inspectors on the killing floors of 
each abattoir in constant attendance while carcasses are on the 
rails. Not only must these inspectors examine carefully the 
carcasses of animals which have been individually reported to 
them as rejected for cause in the yards, or examine after death 
rigorously lots or herds which have been reported to them by 
the yard inspectors as suspicious for any reason, they must also 
inspect every other carcass closely, duteously, for the presence 
of any disease likely to make it unfit for human food. Thus, 
when each carcass is eviscerated on the cattle-killing floor an 
officer is ready to watch carefully the abdominal organs and 
organs of the chest for condemnable diseases ; an officer stands 
at the place of evisceration of calves and sheep where each car- 
cass is seen as it passes and is carried by the chain along the 
hanging rail; and two officers are always on duty to inspect 
the carcasses of pigs—one to examine the severed head and 
neck for readily observable signs of cholera and tuberculosis ; 
the other to examine either the viscera or the internal appear- 
ance of the carcass. In many of the official abattoirs also the 
government carries on a microscopic inspection of pork for 
trichinosis, one of the worst of animal diseases communicable 
to man. For this diseass alone 5,136 pigs were condemned last 
year. The number of parts of carcasses, of all kinds, con- 
demned was over 64,000; in addition the number of whole car- 
casses was I13,000. 


— 
D 


D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


Neither will the inspection of animals and carcasses suffice. 
The people must have undoubted evidence that the carcasses, 
parts of carcasses and animal edible products they purchase are 
wholesome. Accordingly the government places indelible 
marks and serial numbers on carcasses and their parts inspected ; 
and it superintends the work of placing government stamps on 
all boxes, barrels, sacks, firkins or other package whatsoever, 
containing inspected meats or edible products. Over twenty- 
two millions of these packages were stamped last year; while 
over thirty million carcasses or their parts were marked or 
numbered. 


TE WHA MEAS INSPECLION “ASSURES 20> DHE PEORDE- 


The kind of men desired as tnspectors—How these things affect 
the Service and enhance the value of the inspectton—Why 
there ts an elaborate system of labelling and stamping— 
General statement on the value of meat inspection to the 
public health. 


If the United States government wishes to assure the people 
that its inspection of meats is indeed valuable to them, it must 
choose men to inspect, under its order, who are fit for the work 
by reason of character and intellectual attainments. The gov- 
ernment does this. Candidates for an inspectorship must be 
American citizens who prove by sworn statement and vouchers 
to the United States Civil Service Commission, that they are 
physically, mentally and morally worthy of the responsibilities of 
public office ; they must be graduates of recognized veterinary 
colleges, must have had at least three years study of veterinary 
science; must pass the examinations under the Civil Service 
Commission, on basal and professional subjects ; and must stand 
well up in the list of passmen to receive an appointment. ‘The 
tendency of the Commission is to make the examinations stiffer 
and to add new professional subjects to the list. In a word the 
standard is high; and tends to be higher. Retention in the 
Service, advancement from an assistant-inspectorship to a full 
inspectorship with higher salary, depends upon fidelity and 


THE VALUE OF MEAT INSPECTION TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH, 19 


trustworthiness shown in three or more years duty. High 
standard in professional training, proven character and usefulness 
by length of service, breeds confidence of the people in the class 
of public servants. The fact that the inspectors are unshackled 
makes them independent in their judgments and pronounce- 
ments. Their judgment on meats is final; they do not need to 
truckle to the packers—though they must be prudent and just ; 
they need not fear political changes. Nor can they be lacka- 
daisical in their work ; for, so to speak, there are inspectors of 
inspectors—chief inspectors at the stations who direct the in- 
spectors, and travelling inspectors who may appear in the 
shadow at any time. 

The question may be-asked how these things affect the Ser- 
vice and enhance the value of meat inspection? ‘The answers 
are: we have, not an ignorant, superficial and inconsequential, 
but an expert examination of live-stock and carcasses ; we have 
an assurance that each carcass is examined—which would not 
happen in case there were knuckling and dependent inspectors ; 
we have a rejection or condemnation of carcasses without fear 
or favor; we have not a listless inattention to the disposition of 
diseased meats, but an assurance that these condemned meats 
will be disposed of under the very eye of the inspector—a pre- 
vention of frand. For in truth the inspector is required to hold 
condemned meats in a cage fastened with a government lock ; 
on a given day to follow the condemned meats to the tank, to 
see to the tankage and to seal the tank with official seal until 
he is sure the diseased meats are destroyed. 

Notwithstanding the fact that meat passed by the govern- 
ment officers was free from diseases, the people could not rest 
if unassured that all packages of meats coming from a govern- 
ment-inspected abattoir were not stamped by the officers of the 
Jaw. Hence the elaborate system of stamping all packages and 
labelling meats. ‘These Federal labels and stamps identify car- 
casses, their parts and packages of meats; are proof of inspec- 
sion ; and are an assurance of the health of the meats. 

If we were asked to give a summary statement of the value 


20 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


of meat inspection to the public health, we would say : 

1. Government inspection gives certification to the peo- 
ple that careasses passed, their parts or edible parts thereof, 
are free from disease and the meat is therefore wholesome. 

2. It protects the public against the purveyors and ven- 
dors of meats which are diseased and contaminated. Means 
are used to make it an incrimination to use government 
stamps or labels over again. ‘This is a Federal offence, the 
penalty for which is a heavy fine, or imprisonment, or 
both. 

3. .By far the largest part of the meats used as foods 
come from the meat-packing centres. The total number 
of live, meat-producing animals in the United States last 
year was 159,688,826. Of these fifty-nine millions were 
examined before death by Federal inspectors at the packing 
centres and thirty-eight millions after death. Hence the 
Federal government undertakes to protect the public at the 
places where protection is most needed. 

At present the only way for people to protect themselves 
against diseases communicable from animals and to guard them- 
selves against diseased animals sold into the local markets, 
killed, prepared for the trade without expert government inspec- 
tion and foisted upon them as wholesome, is to take advantage 
of the wisdom of the Federal law. If they refuse to purchase 
meats which have not passed the government inspection, their 
protection is assured. The government has recognized the 
danger arising from diseased meats ; it has devised methods to 
meet the danger; it assures the people of safety provided they 
consume meats guaranteed to be free from disease. 


‘NIVHD ONIDNVH NO SSOP, ‘SONIMG IHHHM STAday 


“INIMOILS 


i 
} 
$ 
| 


xine 


ES tia. 22. ee 


“NOILOHANISIC! YOA UV AO NOILNTOS V DNINIVINOD YALVM ONITIOG NI ONIG1VOS 


35 
=. EREROT POM EL ace 


seman 


i Ce ee ee 
at tee 


‘ANVdUWO,.) LHIMG—HHAG HO NOILOHASNI INHWNUYAAOS) WALYOW-LSOd 


\ 
‘ 
f 
i 
: 
’ 


pe 
ee ee 
Atta 
Pen Ae 
oe 


SCALDING HoGs. 


IN THIS PROCESS THE TAR IN THE BOILING WATER ACTS AS AN EXCELLENT PURIFIER 
AND DISINFECTANT. 


HUNDREDS OF PIGS ON THE RAILS AFTER INSPECTION. 


> 


“MUOM LV HISIY HHL HO HALNAD AHL NI YOLOAdSN] LNHWNUHAO*) 


‘AANLIIG AHL AO LHAT HHL NO AU 'SYATINAVT YO ‘SYMOOV], AHL ‘NOILOWdSN] AHL YALAV SHSSVOYVD NO SIHAV] LNAWNUYHAOS ONIOVIG 


THE IMMENSE COOLERS WHERE THE PIGS ARE PLACED AFTER INSPECTION. 


WHERE HEAD AND NECK IS OFTEN INSPECTED FOR DISEASE. 


EXAMINATION OF HEAD AND NECK OF HOGS FOR SIGNS OF CHOLERA AND TUBERCULOSIS. 


WEIGHING AND PUSHING INTO COOLERS AFTER INSPECTION. 


ARMOUR &CO..- 


INSPECTORS OFTEN STAND AT POINT WHERE THE CARCASSES OF HOGS ARE SPLIT 
To WATCH FOR DISEASES OF PLEURA AND PERITONEUM. 


Hocs READY FOR INSPECTION OF HEAD AND NECK FOR CHOLERA AND TUBERCULOSIS. 


DRESSING PIGS FOR FOREIGN TRADE. 
THE GREATEST CARE IS EXERCISED IN THE INSPECTION OF THIS CLASS OF PIGS. 


STUFFING AND PACKING SAUSAGE FROM INSPECTED PORK 


4 7 
Neo 
Siti 1'* 


bec — ere 
* ; } Sy .S. Govt 


GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR WATCHING AT THE TIME oF EVISCERATION OF HOGs. 


E AMT AEN pene 


SAUSAGE READY FOR SHIPMENT. 


“NVA OL ATHVOINAWWOD SHSVASIC(| LSYOM AHL AO ANO ‘SISONIHOINL AOA SHAAOTAWY INHWNUYHAOD Af AYO AO NOILONASN] 


IIdODSOADIP 


VASOGEN COMPOUNDS. 21 


CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF 
PARASITIC SKIN DISEASES AND FISTULOUS 
LESIONS IN THE HORSE WITH THE 
VASOGEN COMPOUNDS. 


By E. STANTON Murr, PH.G., V: M. D., INSTRUCTOR IN COMP. 
PHARMACOLOGY, UNIV. OF PENNSYLVANIA. 


My attention was first directed to Vasogen by some publica- 
tions which I noticed in German veterinary journals. I learned 
upon investigation that the Vasogen preparations are used ex- 
tensively in human medicine, in this country as well as abroad, 
and that they owe their popularity to Vasogen’s remarkable 
power of rapidly penetrating the epidermis, carrying the remedy 
incorporated with it to the underlying tissues, where it is quick- 
ly absorbed. 

Therefore, Vasogen, which is an oxygenated hydrocarbon, is 
a base, vehicle or solvent for many of the important remedies in 
daily use, whose action is greatly enhanced when combined 
with it, while their application is made easy and convenient. 

Thus the Vasogen preparations find extensive application for 
inunction upon the skin and mucous membrane, also for inter- 
nal administration, and general surgical uses. Through the 
courtesy of Lehn & Fink, of New York, I was enabled to obtain 
a quantity of the Vasogen preparations, and the results I derived 
through their use warrant me in presenting the following ob- 
servations to the veterinary profession : 

The compounds used in my experiments were 

Iodine Vasogen, containing Io per cent. iodine. 


lodoform ‘ uh 3 5 iodoform. 
Creosote ‘ S 20 i$ creosote. 
Pyoktanin ‘“ ‘ 2 pyoktanin. 


With the action and source of the first three drugs, viz. : 
Iodine, iodoform, and creosote, the profession is well acquainted. 
The latter drug, however (pyoktanin or methyl violet), is not 
in common use, and practitioners are not so familiar with its 


22 E. STANTON MUIR. 


source, action and therapeutic indications. It is a coal-tar de- 
rivative, and is one of the most powerful and yet one of the least 
irritant antiseptics and pus-destroyers in use to-day. A 1-to-1000 
aqueous solution will destroy the bacillus of anthrax, and a 
t-to-2000 solution will arrest the development of pyogenic or- 
ganisms. ‘This powerful antiseptic property makes it an inval- 
uable drug for veterinary use. 

I have been able to substantiate the claims made regarding 
the rapid absorption of the Vasogen compounds, and have also 
found that there is less irritation attending its use than when 
the above remedies are combined with other vehicles. 

In sixteen cases of erythematous dermatitis (scratches), ecze- 
matous dermatitis (mud fever), and gangrenous dermatitis (cu- 
taneous quittor), I have had invariably good results from the 
application of iodoform Vasogen. The treatment consists of 
first cleansing the part thoroughly with carbolized flaxseed poul- 
tices, applied hot, after clipping the hair as closely as possible. 
Then painting the part affected once, or better twice, daily with 
the preparation, and keeping the part closely bandaged. The 
oily nature of the Vasogen compound keeps the part soft, pre- 
vents the formation of the dry scales which are so troublesome, 
besides facilitating the action of iodoform. 

A case in which iodoform Vasogen gave me good results 
was ina pacing mare that ran away and kicked herself free 
from the runabout to which she was hitched, her hindquarters 
being badly lacerated. I counted 14 places where the skin was 
broken, most of them severe, one particularly so, as it was located 
about half way between the point of the hock and the fetlock on 
the posterior face of the cannon. The ligaments were badly 
lacerated and I had a fight with her each time I dressed it. I 
cleansed the abrasions as well as possible and made application 
of iodoform Vasogen twice daily, bandaging the laceration on 
the cannon after each application. The healing was rapid, with 
very little pus formation (none after the fifth day) and only a 
slight enlargement was left after it healed. 

The application of the iodine and the creosote Vasogen prep- 


VASOGEN COMPOUNDS. 23 


arations in the various forms of mange and other cutaneous 
diseases of parasitic origin that I treated, has resulted in prompt 
and permanent cure. One case in particular is that of a bay 
pacing gelding, that had been suffering with sarcoptic mange 
(that form which occurs along the crest of the neck and under 
the mane). This case had been treated by several veterinarians 
and pronounced cured, myself among the rest, but in a few 
weeks at the most the denuded spots reappeared and he would 
be as bad as before treatment. When the Vasogen compounds 
were brought to my notice I concluded to try the 20 per cent. 
creosote preparation on him, more for the sake of doing some- 
thing than from any hope of success, I having come to the con- 
clusion that the case was incurable. Much to my surprise, there 
was a decided change for the better in ten days, the parts kept 
soft, did not become covered with loose epithelium and the hair 
began to grow and to assume a decidedly healthy look. After 
three weeks I changed the treatment toa simple one of anti- 
septic oils and sulphur. In six weeks no one could have 
told that he had ever been afflicted with the disease. I should 
state that when I commenced treatment with this preparation 
his face was almost bare and the crest of the neck and the in- 
side of his front legs from the body to the knees was in the 
same condition. After three months I stopped all treatment 
and shortly afterward two or three spots appeared on the neck 
and under the mane. ‘These, however, disappeared in a short 
time, under the daily application of the creosote compound. 
This treatment was carried on during the best season of the year 
for the growth of skin parasites, viz., June, July and August. I 
see the horse every few days and watch him closely, but up to 
the present time see no recurrence of the trouble. 

Another case worth recording is that of a Great Dane dog 
afflicted with mange which had resisted treatment for a long 
time, and was in such a condition that the owner thought seri- 
ously of having him destroyed. I persuaded him to let me try 
creosote Vasogen ; the results:were surprising. Inside of two 
months no one could have told that the dog had ever had skin 


24 E. STANTON MUIR. 

trouble, and from a poor emaciated brute hardly able to get 
around, he developed into a strong, healthy dog with a beautiful 
coat of glossy hair. The other cases were simple ones of mange 
and eczema. The former I treated with creosote Vasogen, and 
the latter with the iodine preparation. In all cases it is neces- 
sary to watch the animal closely for a possible recurrence of the 
disease, because some parasites or eggs may remain which will 
hatch out and multiply, causing a fresh breaking out; but if 
the spots are painted with the preparation as they appear, the 
disease will surely be overcome. 

Even if I had had no good results from any of the other Vaso- 
gen preparations, 1 would feel amply repaid for all my trouble in 
the results obtained from the use of pyoktanin Vasogen. We 
all know that poll-evil, fistulous withers, and cartilaginous quit- 
tor are three of the most troublesome lesions that the veterina- 
rian has to deal with. In poll-evil, or fistula of the poll, I have 
never had a chance to try this preparation, but from the results 
I have had with it in fistula of the withers and cartilaginous 
quittor I feel sure that the results would be satisfactory on ac- 
count of the similarity of the lesions. In dealing with the last 
two troubles I never have to keep the animal away from work 
more than a week, no matter how serious the lesion. In the 
case of fistulee of the withers it is of course necessary to open 
the tracks sufficiently to clean them out with hydrogen dioxide 
or any other convenient solution, then pack the track with cot- 
ton saturated with pyoktanin Vasogen, being careful to get the 
cotton to the bottom of the pockets. J have been surprised to see 
how quickly the formation of pus is stopped and healthy non- 
suppurating tissue will fill the cavities. In necrosis of the lat- 
eral cartilage it is only necessary to open the fistulous tracks 
sufficient to introduce the saturated cotton. This may be done 
quickly with the pointed quittor-iron heated to a white heat, 
then pack it tightly to the bottom, packing the track every day 
or every second day, keeping the part covered with a suitable 
bandage. ‘Three horses with cartilaginous quittor belonging to 
an ice company were treated in this way by myself during the 


VASOGEN COMPOUNDS. 25 


past summer, all resulting in quick cures, the animals being 
away from work in no case over four days. 

I have recently treated an interesting case of an abscess on 
the zygomatic crest, complicated with necrosis of the superior 
maxillary bone, by making a free opening into the abscess, scrap- 
ing off the necrosed bone and packing the cavity with cotton 
saturated with pyoktanin Vasogen. After dressing it once daily 
in this way for a week, I then used iodoform Vasogen, packing 
the cavity once daily. The healing process was rapid and com- 
plete in about three weeks. The pus which was running from 
the nostrils before treatment was started and the odor (that of 
necrosed bone) could not be detected after the third day. The 
only disadvantage, if it could be called such, that I found, was 
that when applied to a part for a length of time, the hair would 
come out, although new hair would grow quickly when the ap- 
plication ceased. This was noticed only after the application 
of pyoktanin and iodoform Vasogen. 

The various Vasogen componnds are used extensively in 
human medicine with very satisfactory results (as is evident 
from the literature), and in my opinion no veterinarian’s case is 
complete without having at least the four preparations, the sat- 
isfying use of which caused me to write this article. 


HorskE SENSE.—The person who advertised for ‘‘A man 
who speaks German and understands horses ” was satisfied with 
the wording of his advertisement until the first applicant ar- 
rived. ‘ Vell,” said the would-be stableman, soberly, scratch- 
ing his head, “I schpeaks Chairman all righdt, but I don’t 
know dot I can understand dose horses. Vat langquiches do 
tey schpeak ?” 

A Pair OF OsTRICHES, ‘Black Diamond” and *“ Whirl- 
wind,” owned by Thomas A. Cockburn, of Arkansas, have 
trotted a half mile, driven to pneumatic speeding wagon, in 1:05. 
In single harness each of them has been speeded against many 
noted trotting horses, and though occasionally beaten, have won 
more frequently than they have lost. The larger bird stands 
9 feet 8 inches high, and weighs 300 pounds. Both are first- 
class plumage birds, and are valued at $20,000. 


26 E. R. VOORHEES. 


NUCLEIN CONSIDERED AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT 
IN VETERINARY PRACTICE. 


By E. R. VOORHEES, SOMERVILLE, NEW JERSEY. 


Ever since Metschnikoff’s phagocytosis was first brought to 
the attention of the medical profession, the substance that was 
first called nuclein by Germain See, of Paris, has been looked 
upon as the most prominent substance in the complex chemis- 
try of the subject accounting for the increase of the phagocytic 
action of the blood. While this substance is old to the medical 
profession, the writer is of the opinion that it has never been 
used to any extent by veterinarians. 

Nuclein belongs to that class of substances known as the 
defensive proteids, and is obtained from various animal and 
vegetable sources. Reliable specimens contain large amounts 
of phosphorous and nucleinic acid. It has been found by man- 
ufacturing chemists that the most reliable sources from which 
to obtain it is from the vegetable kingdom, especially from 
yeast. 

Nuclein is a non-poisonous germicide. Its administration 
increases the number of leucocytes, and this in consequence 
produces an increase in the disease-resisting power of the blood. 

Nuclein, therefore, influences a morbid condition of the 
blood by bringing about a reactionary state through its power- 
fully germicidal action. 

Nuclein has come to us from a source to which we are deep- 
ly indebted for many other good things, viz., the medical pro- 
fession. It came without the blare of trumpets by a gradual 
evolutional process, and it is the basic principle of all serum 
and cellular therapy. Recent and much advertised additions 
to this mode of therapy have no claim to priority, as nuclein 
has been used to produce leucocytosis for many years. All 
diseased conditions due to bacterial invasion or to a hypoleuco- 
cytosis are rationally, scientifically and successfully treated by 
this mode of therapy. 

It is not the writer’s object to impress veterinarians with the 


NUCLEIN AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT. QT 


idea that nuclein is a specific for all diseased conditions where 
such a remedy is indicated, but as a-‘most potent and reliable 
addition to our list of therapeutic agents. 

The writer’s attention was first directed to neclein by the 
published reports in medical journals, of its action and uses in 
a variety of diseases, and it occurred to him that it should prove 
a valuable remedy in the treatment of distemper in dogs. Ob- 
taining a supply, it was first given a trial in this disease and 
_with very gratifying results. A 5 per cent. solution was used 
hypodermatically, the maximum dose being 20 minims. It 
was next used intravenously in horses in purpura hemorrhagica, 
pneumonia, influenza, etc., with such good results that all other 
forms of anti-toxin and serum have been discarded as possess- 
ing no curative action that cannot be secured by the intrave- 
nous adniinistration of nuclein. Veterinarians need have no 
fear of using this remedy in the manner indicated, as experi- 
ments conducted by Doctors Vaughn and McClintock showed 
that such amounts could be introduced in the jugular that the 
blood of the animal contained 1.8 per cent. of pure nuclein 
without any toxic effect. 

The largest dose used by the writer at any one injection has 
been 20c.c. This is usually followed by to c.c. doses once or 
twice daily. 

The only rules to be observed in its administration are to be 
careful that you have a reliable preparation in the first place ; 
next, to observe the ordinary rules of cleanliness as to syringe, 
which should be sterilized either by boiling or immersion in 
pure alcohol before each injection, and see that the container is 
kept free from contamination. The writer puts 20 c. c. in ster- 
ilized vials and so obviates the danger that may follow from fre- 
quently uncorking a larger retainer in the contaminated air of 
the stable. The firm of Parke, Davis & Co. have promised to 
put the remedy in hermetically sealed tubes as soon as a suf- 
ficient demand is created. 

The record of cases treated by this mode of therapy will be 
reserved for a subsequent communication. 


REPORTS OF CASES. 


REPORTS OF CASES. 


ra] 
(o 8) 


** Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him. Byre- 
cording his observations, he adds tothe knowledge of his profession, and assists by his facts 
in building up the solid edifice of pathological science.”’ 


INTERESTING CASES OCCURRING IN A NEBRASKA PRACTICE.* 
By H. JENSEN, Weeping Water, Neb. 
Concretion of the Guttural Pouch. 


In the spring of 1899, Mr. J. brought to my infirmary a 
dun-colored mare, six years old, presenting the following symp- 
toms: A saneous unilateral nasal discharge and a slight cough, 
temperature and pulse normal. After making a thorough ex-' 
amination of the sinuses of the head and also examining the 
teeth, I concluded it was simply acase of catarrh and prescribed 
a tonic and requested the owner to let me see the animal again 
in a few weeks. 

Mr J. living quite a distance from my place, it was nearly 
five weeks before I saw the patient again; at this time all the 
above mentioned symptoms were intensely aggravated, the 
cough much worse, and the nasal discharge quite profuse, but 
worse, so the owner observed, when the animal lowered its head 
to eat or drink—a very valuable observation toward makinga 
correct diagnosis. A very marked dyspnoea had now ensued, 
and it was so bad that she could not stand a slow trot; alsoa 
very slight swelling in the left parotid region. By this time I 
knew what I had to deal with, and informed the owner that an 
operation would be necessary, and as I had some business in 
Mr. J.’s neighborhood the following week, I promised to call 
and operate on the animal. I went to Mr. J.’s place the follow- 
ing week prepared to operate ; the animal was cast on the right 
side and the operative field rendered thoroughly aseptic ; an in- 
cision was made in the triangle through the skin, a passage 
was forced into the guttural pouch with the index finger, a 
small amount of offensive pus escaped, but I could feel some 
hard movable object within the cavity. I enlarged the opening 
carefully with a probe-pointed bistoury, and with a teaspoon 
(the only suitable instrument available), I removed nearly two 
quarts of hard concretions. After thoroughly cleansing the 
cavity and providing drainage, the animal was allowed to get 


- * Presented to the lowa-Nebraska Veterinary Medical Association, at Omaha, Neb., 
October 4, 1904. 


REPORTS OF CASES. 29 


up. I noted upon rising that the breathing was perfectly nor- 
mal, and taking into consideration the great amount of concre- 
tions removed and the slight exterior swelling ; the dyspncea 
must have been caused by the partial collapse of the trachea. 
The after-treatment was exceedingly tedious. I used every- 
thing indicated, new and old, including the new silver prepara- 
tion, but all failed to do any good. I became absolutely dis- 
gusted with the old mare, and when Mr. J. called for some more 
medicine, in sheer desperation I gave him some powdered alum 
and directed him to put a tablespoonful toa pint of water and 
inject in the cavity twice a day. In a week’s time he returned, 
all of a smile, and asked why I did not give him that stuff in 
the first place, as that healed it right up. The question is, did 
the alum doit? Five years later, at this writing, the horse is 
well. 
Canker of the Foot. 

Last March, a gentleman brought to my place a nine-year- 
old gray horse for treatment. The foot had been treated by 
different parties for over a year for thrush. On examination, I 
found almost the entire sole covered with papillary enlargements, 
secreting a very offensive fluid ; the heel was also badly cracked, 
from which also exuded a very offensive fluid. Upon the least 
touch these papillary enlargements bled very profusely and 
seemed very sensitive. The foot was put in acreoline foot-bath 
for 24 hours, after which I removed those papillary enlarge- 
ments with the actual cautery, taking care not to penetrate too 
deeply ; after having these removed I discovered they extended 
under the portion of the sole not detached; this portion of the 
sole was all removed and the underlying papillary growth cau- 
terized in a strong solution of zinc chloride applied on cotton to 
the foot and the entire foot bandaged. This foot gave me con- 
siderable trouble. I applied everything imaginable; iodine, 
mercury bichloride, zinc chloride, etc., to check the papillo- 
matous growth, but nothing seemed to check it until I painted 
the entire surface with pure formaldehyde covered with a large 
ball of oakum, so as to get direct pressure on the sole, which, 
by the way, I consider very essential. To sum up the following 
points in the treatment of canker of the foot: First, thorough 
cleansing ; second, effective removal of papillary enlargements 
with the actual cautery to prevent loss of blood; third, removal 
of every vestige of the sole under which the pododerm is dis- 
eased ; fourth, apply formaldehyde to destroy papillary growth, 
follow with a dressing of lead nitrate and direct pressure. 


30 REPORTS OF CASES. 


flabitual Luxation of the Patella. 

This condition has, no doubt, to those of you who have had 
them to handle, become a source of considerable annoyance and 
disappointment. When such a case has been presented to you 
for treatment perhaps you have blistered or used the actual 
cautery—yes, even had ashoe of a peculiar construction made 
and applied to the sound foot so as to compel the animal to bear 
weight on the afflicted leg. Expecting to accomplish some- 
thing, and I will truly say that, personally, I have not in one 
instance had any success by the above mentioned proceedings. 
About a year and a half ago I bought a two-year-old Clyde colt 
thus afflicted, with the intention of operating at once, when 
upon consulting different old operators, I was in every instance 
discouraged—‘‘it’s too risky,” ‘“‘too great danger of infection,” 
‘““danger of puncturing the capsular ligiment.” Having this 
animal on my hands, I decided to operate anyway. The animal 
was prepared by shaving the interior and anterior surfaces of the 
femoro-tibial articulation, and a system of disinfection was com- 
menced 24 hours before operation. The animal was then cast 
and the operation done according to Merillat (as described in 
the Chicago Veterinary College Quarterly of June, 1903), which 
is as follows: Animal cast as for castration. I, however, found 
that I could not do anything in this way, as I could not get at 
it, so I rolled the animal over on the afflicted side, unfastening 
the afflicted leg and extending it backwards. I did not chloro- 
form, but used local anzesthesia of cocaine-adrenalin, and thor- 
oughly disinfected the operative field ; located the ligament by 
palpation, made an incision through the skin from the middle 
of ligament to tibial attachment, arrested all hamorrhage, con- 
tinued incision through fascia lata, dissected fascia to each bor- 
der of ligament until its outlines were plainly brought to view. 
Placed neurotomy hook under the ligament as near to the tibia 
as possible and as close against the ligament as possible, avoid- 
ing injury to the structures beneath; lifted up the ligament 
gently and divided it by cutting downward to the hook ; disin- 
fected thoroughly and closed wound with interrupted sutures, 
covered with bichloride collodion; tied up animal for eight 
days, so it could not lie down, and when wound was closed ex- 
ercised. A perfect recovery took place. 

I operated on one this fall, but got a slight infection, but it 
seems to get along all right now. 

In writing on this subject I have offered nothing new, but 
from my conversation with other operators, the general opinion 


REPORTS OF CASES. 31 


seems to prevail that it is quite a formidable operation. Such 
is not the case, however, and I heartily commend you all to try 
it, thereby enabling you to win more laurels and more dollars. 


RADICAL TREATMENT IN A CASE OF TETANUS. 
By ErneEsT I. Smitu, D. V. M. (Cornell University), Cherry Creek, N. Y. 

During the past two years the writer has not noticed any 
lengthy and detailed reports concerning tetanus in the pages of 
the REviEW. There has been a slight allusion to it in the edi- 
torial and also several reports of cases, both of which are lack- 
ing notably in detail. Fortunately, in one sense, a typical case 
presents itself for treatment, and an effort will be made to set 
forth three of the most striking points, z. e.; 1. The depth of the 
wound. 2. Being a well-developed case of tetanus. 3. The 
antitoxin and iodine treatment. The antitoxin method in these 
cases will bear out the old homeopathic dictum of sz7zlca stm- 
zlibus curantur, but so far as infinitesimal doses are concerned, 
the writer is not one of its votaries. 

Subject.—A broodmare, about seven years of age, in excel- 
lent working condition ; weight approximately 1,150. By all 
objective symptoms she appeared to be a mare well advanced in 
pregnancy and would very likely foal within the next thirty days. 

Fitstory, Observations and Symptoms.—During her work 
upon a small truck farm she was reported to have come in con- 
tact with a horseshoe used as a gate hook. Now, July 23, 1904, 
three days after the accident, she was presented for examination 
and treatment, and at the same time the history was given as 
stated above. The hook was found to have entered the triceps 
muscles of the forearm, making a deep puncture wound, that 
severely lacerated the muscles, but left the skin intact, save the 
exterior abrasion, which was about 4 centimetres long. No at- 
tention had been paid to it prior to this, for to the layman the 
wound presented no dangerous appearances. The limb was 
somewhat stiffened and the inflammation was intense. Suppu- 
ration was freely going on, but to remedy this free openings were 
made for drainage and the parts dealt with on general surgical 
principles. The mare was then discharged and the owner re- 
quested to return her the following day. 

During the same day in the afternoon July 23, 1904, she 
was returned on account of the excessive hzemorrhage induced 
by the morning’s surgical wound and constant exercise. At the 
second dressing tonic spasms of the triceps muscles and those in 
close proximity were observed. ‘This called forth further obser- 


») 


32 REPORTS OF CASES. 


vations, which noted the train of symptoms that were just com- 
ing on. The mare when turned around would turn the whole 
body at once as if the entire spinal vertebree were ankylosed. 
General stiffness in the neck and hardness of the cervical mus- 
cles were noticeable, tail elevated, and in three hours’ time the 
jaws were partially set. Salivation profuse, and if patient was 
moved the membrana nictitans would cover one-half of the cor- 
neal surface. Great difficulty was manifested in attempting to 
eat and only accomplished after several trials with continual 
grinding of the molars, which would finally separate sufficient 
to admit food between them. The mare could not lower the 
head to drink, and when water was offered she would drink a 
little, but would not refuse to drink minute quantities at any 
time of the day. If grain was given she would take one hour 
to consume it and then toaid the consumption of it in that time 
it had to be kept stirred up in order to assist prehension. The 
facial muscles were hard and firm and when touched would be- 
come rigid. The muscular rigidity in the course of three days 
became more marked over the body, passing posteriorly. She 
would not attempt to lie down, but stood constantly in one posi- 
tion. ‘The feeces were hard and coated with mucus, urine scanty 
in amount. The temperature and pulse were not taken, the 
writer believing them to be only of secondary importance. In 
the meantime the fore limb became swollen twice the normal size. 

To assist the reader, following is a tabulated report, giving 
date, hour, dose, agent used and method of administering. 


Date. Hour. Dose. Agent used. Method. 
July 23 8 P. M. AOiC: Cc; Tetanus antitoxin (H) | Hypodermic 
eS. 12) 279M, 2ZOICAC: tS a oe 
ee WOH 7 A.M. LO"C;C. a a (V) oe 
Sse ey) 8 P. M. LOC; C. As Bo (V) af 
ees SP. M. EOC.C; 4 a (V) He 
Sey ge Io A. M. LOC IE. i KS (V) a 
IO STO: ALM, LOLC.C, Tr. iodine es 
in 20)|". LOF AGM, ZOE, Lugol’s sol. es 
TE AO IO A. M. ZO1CC: e SE ie 
ae 0 IO A. M. SOVes Cou « uy Ries 


~ H=Human antitoxin. 

V=Veterinary antitoxin. 

The morning of July 24, no change was noted for the bet- 
ter, but on the other hand, advanced symptoms. Up to this 
time notice that 6oc.c. of (H) antitoxin had been given. Not 
until 20¢.c. (V) antitoxin had been given had the symptoms 


REPORTS OF CASES. 33 


abated any and the antitoxin showed that it was checking the 
progress of the absorbed toxin. During all the time up to July 
27, when the last antitoxin was given, the patient had shown no 
nervous symptoms. She took one firm standing position and 
refused to change. The food had to be kept within easy reach 
of her in order to aid prehension; still it was taken with diffi- 
culty ; water was drunk in very moderate quantities. 

On the morning of July 28,a change for the better was 
noticeable for the first time during the treatment. Not desir- 
ing to administer any more antitoxin, but at the same time 
feeling that further medicinal agents would not be out-of order 
so long as the case manifested any gain, the iodine solutions 
were substituted, as shown in the table. 

On July 31, the mare was making a rapid stride toward re- 
covery, indicated by relaxation of the muscles, giving a chance 
to turn the head, allowing the jaws to open wider. The caudal 
muscles were relaxing and the tail resumed its natural position. 
Food was being eaten in one-half the time as at the onset of the 
disease. "The wound, in the meantime, had received daily at- 
tention, being flushed out with strong and penetrating antisep- 
tics, but the depth of it necessitated a slow recovery in that part. 

On Aug. 2 the patient was discharged cured. In about one 
week the owner found her lying down and able to handle her- 
self with ease, and a fortnight later she was found with a nice, 
vigorous, growing foal and both doing well. 

Conclustons.—One hundred c.c. tetanus antitoxin seems a 
latge amount, but it is evident that the (H) antitoxin is not so vir- 
ulent as the (V) serum. Following this, 110 c.c. of iodine solu- 
tion was used, which is not contraindicated with tetanus anti- 
toxin, although the case might have made just as fine recovery 
in its absence. The writer believes that stronger treatment could 
have been resorted to and that the physician should give the 
maximum dose in such serious cases, and especially in tetanus, 
where the mortality isso high. ‘As timidity is the cause of 
the death of a great deal of talent,” so ‘‘ timidity is the cause 
of the death of a great many lives.” 


‘A. CASE OF TETANUS.” * 
By Dr. J. N. Goutp, Minnesota. 
Patient, brown gelding, 5 years old, weight 1,500 lbs.; en- 
tered hospital September 3, 1904. Gait stiff, membrana nicti- 


* Read at 8th Annual Meeting of the Minnesota State Veterinary Medical Asso- 
ciation, at St. Paul, January 12-13, 1905. 


34 REPORTS OF CASES. 


tans covering nearly the anterior half of the eye ; gluteal, lumbar, 
and cervical muscles very hard and tense. A small abscess in 
the sacral region had appeared about August 20; this dis- 
charged pus for a few days and apparently started to granulate 
in a healthy manner. The abscess was evidently due to a 
puncture froma fork-tine. At the time of entry the animal 
was still able to eat, but with difficulty. A diagnosis of tetanus 
was made and the prognosis very unfavorable. 

Treatment.—Patient was placed in a box-stall, somewhat 
dark, but not free from noise and other disturbances. ‘The seat 
of the abscess near the sacrum was incised freely, the wound 
and surrounding region saturated with tr. iodine and oil tere- 
binth, equal parts, and the treatment continued twice daily for 
a week. A three-gallon pail of 1 per cent. solution of carbolic 
acid was placed in front of the patient and kept there most of 
the time throughout the treatment. At first the animal took 
but very little of this solution voluntarily, but later drank of it 
freely. The neck, back, and hips were bathed six or seven 
times daily with a 3 per cent. solution of crude carbolic acid. 
In the bathing process the skin was thoroughly soaked, nearly 
the whole surface of the body becoming wet in the process. 
After wetting the skin a woolen blanket was used to prevent 
the animal chilling. For the most part at the start the solution 
was applied cold, but later warm water, and, instead of crude 
acid, the white crystals and an equal quantity of glycerine was 
used. The last few days the strength of the solution was in- 
creased to 5 percent. and applied three times a day. 

The tetanic symptoms grew steadily more pronounced up to 
the night of the 5th, when the patient laid down and stayed 
down several hours. The animal was placed on his feet again 
with some help, but seemed much excited. 

From the 5th to the 8th the patient grew rapidly worse, and 
was entirely unable to eat or drink on the morning of the latter 
date. In the afternoon of the 8th the animal received, through 
a nasal stomach tube, three gallons of water containing three 
ounces of carbolic acid and the same quantity of glycerine. 
This mixture was allowed to stand for an hour to insure solu- 
tion. In about ten minutes after the administration of the 
solution the patient became greatly excited and sweated pro- 
fusely. This excitement lasted possibly two hours and then 
gradually subsided ; the patient seemed much relieved later in 
the evening. 

About 8 o’clock a. M., September gth, the injection was re- 


REPORTS OF CASES. 35 


peated ; the same symptoms were presented as after the previous 
one, but did not last for so long a time and were less pro- 
nounced. 

Four o’clock Pp. M., September 9, a third injection was given 
containing the same amount of acid and glycerine, but less wa- 
ter. The solution was administered warm and a common cath- 
eter with a bell-shaped end was used instead of the stomach 
tube. The excitement manifested after this injection was de- 
cidedly less severe and lasted not over 45 minutes; the sweating 
was profuse, however. September roth, the patient was able 
to eat some cut d/we grass,a small quantity of oats and drank 
some of the acid solution. 

The bathing and acid in the drinking water was continued 
up to and including the 14th. At this time the treatment was 
discontinued, as I thought the animal had absorbed all that it 
was safe to give. The hardness of the muscles was disappear- 
ing noticeably and the patient could eat and drink quite well. 

September 15th.—At ten o’clock the patient either fell or 
laid down and remained quiet for about an hour ; later becom- 
ing quite restless he was placed on his feet with a sling. The 
excitement caused by being down caused a relapse and a great 
deal of the muscular hardness returned; the patient ate with 
great difficulty but drank fairly well. 

The bathing and acid in drinking water was again resumed, 
the bathing up to and including September 21st, and the drink- 
ing solution to the 24th; on those dates they were dispensed 
with. 

September 2oth the patient ate and drank freely. From the 
20th to the 22d inclusive, the patient took nine ounces of acid 
in the solution. The patient was kept in sling from the rsth 
of September until October 18th. 

On the 18th the sling was entirely dispensed with; the pa- 
tient, however, had been allowed to lie down several times be- 
fore that date. Legs were badly swollen and quite tender at 
this time (Sept. 25th). Animal could slip around in the sling 
and did not show excitement when legs were brushed. 

Patient received at this time a ration of cut blue grass, oats, 
bran, and hay. October 3d the animal moved from box stall 
to an openone. From the 3d convalesence was not seriously 
interrupted and the patient was sent home October 31st, recov- 
ery being complete. 

Concluston.—Solution should be given warm when injected. 
A large quantity of glycerine can be used to insure more com- 


36 REPORTS OF CASES. 


plete solution. A catheter should be used instead of stomach 
tube, as it causes less irritation and consequently less excite- 
ment. 

Patient should be, placed in the sling at the start to prevent 
accidents. During the treatment of the case 26 ounces of acid 
were consumed. In this case the dose of acid was irregular as I 
had no data to refer to as to the amount of acid that a horse 
could take with safety. 


ACUTE INDIGESTION, WITH UNUSUAL SEQUELA.* 
By G. L. BUFFINGTON, Brooklyn, Iowa. 


The subject of this wasa fine young mare of about 1,100 
pounds weight, and used for light driving occasionally, but did 
no hard work ; was in good flesh and always received the best 
of care. When not in use she was turned out in a small field 
near town in the day time and taken to the stable and fed hay 
and grain night and morning. ‘The pasture was eaten almost 
bare at the time she was taken sick, so she received very little 
food from that source. The feed was all of good quality. 

On the evening of November 2ist last, when the owner 
went to the pasture to bring her in for the night, he found her 
in much pain, lying down and rolling some. He brought her 
to the stable, gave a dose of belladonna and aconite, but as she 
continued to grow worse I was called tosee her about 7 o’clock. 

Found the mare presenting the most distressed appearance, 
suffering intense pain, lying down, stretching out, but not roll- 
ing much. Mucous membranes injected, pulse at 60, rather 
feeble, abdomen much distended by accumulation of gas. Tem- 
perature about normal, respiration not much altered. She was 
given 4 grs. morphine, hypodermically, a diffusible stimulant 
and a pint of oil. The distension of the abdomen soon began. 
to disappear and in two hours was all gone. However, this did 
not relieve her condition. On the contrary, she continued to 
grow worse. ‘The pulsations were rapidly becoming faster and 
more feeble, and all the symptoms indicated a fatal termina- 
tion. 

On one side of the stable was an elevated floor used to stand 
a cow on, and the mare persisted in standing with front feet on 
this floor and hind feet down on the ground. When led to her 
own stall and given her freedom she would immediately return 
and resume the same position by elevating her front parts. 


* Presented to the Meeting of the Iowa State V. M. A., January 25-26, 1905. 


REPORTS OF CASES. By 


There was observed a rattling noise in the throat and a slight 
discharge of blood from the nostrils. The pulse had now be- 
come imperceptible. I left her at 10 o’clock, expecting death 
to occur in the morning or before. 

However, she was still alive in the morning, but presented 
avery dejected appearance. Pulse imperceptible, eyes staring 
and occasionally she would arch the neck and make retching 
movements as though attempting to vomit, or as a choked horse 
will do. - 

There was a discharge of a dirty colored thin fluid issuing 
from the nostrils, and was coming from the stomach. It was 
running a small stream and had been for some time, as the 
trough and manger were soaked with the liquid. The oil which 
had been given the previous evening was mixed with the dis- 
charge. The smell from this was very offensive. The liquid 
material continued to run from the nostrils in a small stream up 
to the time of death, which occurred about 6 o’clock that evening. 

Expecting to find some lesion or condition in or near the 
stomach to account for this peculiar phenomenon, I proceeded 
to make a post-mortem examination the next afternoon, but to 
my surprise the stomach and whole intestinal canal presented a 
normal appearance, except that they were pale and bloodless 
and contents were fluid, except the rectum and colon, which 
was of normal consistency. The muscles of the inferior cervi- 
cal region were very dark colored, in places black, looking much 
like the affected muscles of a calf with the black-leg. Consid- 
erable blood had accumulated in the pleural cavity, but the heart 
and lungs werenormal. ‘There was a very little serous exudate 
on a portion of the pleura. All other organs were normal. 

The peculiarity of this case to me was the continuous dis- 
charge of the liquid material from the stomach, which continued 
in an uninterrupted stream for 8 or 10 hours, and yet after death 
the stomach and intestines were apparently filled to repletion 
with thesame material. Also the congested condition of the in- 
ferior cervical muscles. Was that associated in any way with 
the gastric disturbance? 


GASTROPHILUS H42MORRHOIDALIS IN THE PHARYNX OF A 
HORSE.* 
By G. L. BUFFINGTON, Brooklyn, Iowa. 
On Nov. 26, 1903, I was called to see a 1,200-pound bay mare 
that had been slowly starving. She had had difficulty in eating 


* Presented to the Meeting of the Iowa State V. M. A., January 25-26, 1905. 


38 REPORTS OF CASES. 


for a month or more,|but only for the past week was she unable 
to take any food at all. She could drink a little, but with diffi- 
culty. Would take food into the mouth, masticate it a very 
little, then drop it out. The symptoms were those of paralysis 
of the muscles of deglutition. "There was a very offensive odor 
about the head. 

Suspecting some obstruction in mouth or throat I applied 
the mouth speculum, but a careful examination revealed noth- 
ing in the way of a satisfactory explanation of the cause of the 
difficulty. 

The condition of the animal was such that a fatal termina- 
tion was looked for at any time, and such was my prognosis. I, 
however, used throat washes and left same to be used, with re- 
quest that I be notified if the animal died. Four days later I 
received telephone message that she had died and proceeded at 
once to the farm, which was nine miles out, with the following 
result: Very offensive odor coming from head. The nasal, 
pharyngeal, laryngeal and upper portion of cesophageal mucous 
membranes were gangrenous. This was the source of the of- 
fensive odor. On opening the pharynx I found attached to its 
walls 12 or 15 larvee of what I have classified as Gastrophilus 
hemorrhoidalis, and these I considered as the source of this 
peculiar affection and death of mare. 


ENCEPHALOID CANCER OF THE EYE.* 
By Dr. C. A. Mack, Stillwater, Minnesota. 


On September 27, 1904, a grey gelding, weighing about*1250 
pounds, was brought to me, the owner requesting something to 
put on one of its eyes. On making an examination, I found a 
soft friable tumor, situated on the internal aspect of the left eye, 
involving part of the cornea and sclerotic coat. The eye, from 
pressure or otherwise, was much destroyed; the aqueous and 
vitreous fluids having escaped, causing the globe to collapse ; 
the tumor, filling the remaining portion, protruded somewhat 
over the internal canthus. It presented a reddish appearance 
and was a soft and fluctuating mass, unencapsulated, and gave 
out rathera pronounced foul odor. An operation being decided 
upon, the horse was cast, the part cleansed, antiseptics applied 
and a ro per cent. solution of cocaine injected. The operation 
was simple, merely consisting in cutting with a pair of curved 


* Presented to the St. Paul Meeting of the Minnesota State Veterinary Medical Asso- 
ciation, Jan, 12-13, 1905. 


REPORTS OF CASES. 39 
scissors the orbital membrane, ocular muscles, and optic nerve, 
thus allowing the tumor, with the eyeball, to be removed ez 
masse. An antiseptic dressing was applied and the animal al- 
lowed to rise. After the part had healed sufficiently I placed a 
hard rubber false eve z2 sztz, which served the double purpose 
of improving the animal’s appearance and prevented the eye- 
lashes turning inward and irritating the mucous membrane. 


FOREIGN SUBSTANCE IN THE BLADDER OF A MARE.* 
By J.J. RicHARDSON, V.S., Marcus, Iowa. 


Some time ago I was called to see a mare, six years old, that 
had difficulty in passing her urine. I made an examination by 
passing the hand into the vagina and pressing with the open 
hand down over the bladder. I discovered a rod-like substance. 
I then inserted the finger into the meatus and found that one 
end was embedded near the neck of the bladder, the other end 
was free. I passed in a pair of forceps, got hold of it, worked 
it loose and pulled it out. It was a piece of an apple limb, coat- 
ed over with carbonate of lime, and measured 71% inches in 
length. ; 

On making inquiry, I was informed that about six months 
previous the owner had found some boys in the barn teasing 
the mare with some brush that had been cut from the orchard. 

Treatment consisted in washing out the bladder with a di- 
lute acid for a few days. In about ten days the owner reported 
the animal as all right and as having no symptoms of any trouble 
in passing her urine. 


PUNCTURED WOUND.* 
By J. J. RICHARDSON, V.S., Marcus, Iowa. 

I was called by telephone on Nov. 18th, ten miles east of 
Marcus, to see a valuable grey mare that had been injured in a 
runaway. Imagine my surprise on my arrival at the farm to 
see my patient standing in the yard. Twenty-six inches of the 
buggy shaft had passed clear through the right hind quarter; it 
entered on the inside of the thigh and passed up through the 
obturator foramen, and came out on top of the rump beside the 
sacrum. It was so firmly embedded that it required the com- 
bined strength of two strong men to pull it out. 

Treatment consisted in flushing out the wound daily with 
an enema pump, keeping up drainage with iodoform gauze, and 


*Presented to the Meeting of the Iowa State V. M, A., Jan. 25-26, 1905. 


40 REPORTS OF CASES. 


of giving eucamphol internally. On December 23 the wound 
was healed and the animal returned to her usual work. 


STRANGE DISEASE IN SHEEP.* 
By R. W. McDona tp, V. S., Flint, Mich. 


About March 25 last, I received a call to go and seea flock 
of sheep that were showing peculiar symptoms, and in fact at 
that time some 12 or 15 had died. On my arrival there I found 
somewhere about 300 Montana lambs that had been purchased 
in Chicago and had been unloaded the day previous to my visit. 
At night they were apparently all right; but about noon the 
following day some of them were noticed to be acting strangely 
and this continued so during the day. The symptoms shown 
were: a lamb would be noticed to elevate its head, and upon 
the least excitement would run against any of the others or 
over them and possibly striking against the wall or any other 
object that it came in contact with, falling in a paroxymal con- 
dition, breathing rapidly and frothing at the mouth. After a 
few minutes the animal would become composed and remain so 
for a considerable time, or until some person should go through 
the pens and arouse their nervous system. Usually three 
or four such spasms rendered them helpless and they would 
continue in an unconscious condition from three or four up to 
twelve or sixteen hours before death ensued. 

Being fully satisfied the trouble was a nervous one I held a 
midnight post-mortem, and found all the internal organs appar- 
ently ina healthy condition, but upon exposing the brain I 
found slightly more than ordinary serous effusion in the brain 
cavity. 

The total number of deaths were 47, the later cases termi- 
nating almost a week after the first appearance of the disease. 
One peculiarity I noticed was that in choosing a subject for 
post-mortem I selected some already dead, others those that 
were almost lifeless, and after having bled them they still re- 
tained life for an unusually long time. While in conversation 
two weeks ago with the man who had those sheep in charge he 
informed me that a similar outbreak occurred a short time later 
some distance from him with equally fatal results. 

My object in bringing this before the meeting is simply to 
draw out information, as I am at a loss to know what is either 
the true cause or the exact nature of the disease. 


* Read before the Michigan State V. M. A., at Lansing, February 7-8, 1905. 


REPORTS OF CASES. 41 


A DOG WITH ‘A. YELLOW STREAK.”’ 
By WM. HERBERT LOWE, D. V. S., Paterson, N. J. 


Owner brought bull terrier dog, 6 years old, to office, Feb- 
ruary 3d, with the statement that he had 
killed 500 rats ‘‘on the dump”? in eight 
days ; had killed 105 rats in an hour and 
a half six days previous. 

Upon examination I found dog with 
swelling of throat, neck and head, with 
marks on side of face and throat where 
the rats had evidently bitten and infected 
him. Theanimal’s skinand mucous mem- 
branes were yellow as gold; urine and 
vomit were also yellow. ‘The character- 
istic symptom seemed to be a yellow.color 
to all the tissues. Constipation, loss of 
appetite, inability to drink. Tempera- 
ture 103° F., slight acceleration of pulse 
and respiration. Animal stiff and weak. 
Unfavorable prognosis. Dog died two 
days afterwards. 


AROAWE WADE LES VHB ART IN (LES NECK. 
By Drs. HAGYARD, BRYAN, and SHANNON, Lexington, Ky. 


At the farm of Mr. Daniel Combs, a shorthorn breeder of 
this county, one of his finest shorthorn cows gave birth to a 
large, well-developed bull calf, Feb. 21, 1905. 

On the under surface of the neck midway between the atlas 
and sternum, there was a large swelling. On making an exam- 
ination you could see and feel something move. It was a well- 
developed heart. The calf could nurse, but slowly, was very 
active and of large size. 

It died on March 1. At the autopsy the heart was found 
located in the neck, as described above. The right lung was 
congested and atrophied. Other organs normal. Weight of 
heart, one pound. 


THE Austrian city of Vienna is about to put into operation a 
novel scheme. It proposes on a co-partnership basis to provide 
meat for city consumers, selling it 5 cents under prices charged 
by Vienna butchers. 


42 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
GERMAN REVIEW. 


By ADOLPH EICHHoRN, D. V. S., Bureau of Animal Industry, Kansas City, Mo. 


E. VON BEHRING’S COMMUNICATIONS ON THE MORTALITY 
OF SUCKLINGS AND ON THE MILK TAKEN BY THEM (FORM- 
ALIN MILK, A NEW REMEDY FoR “ WHITE Scour.”) [Dr. 
Khmmer|.—Behring in his publication on “Sucklings’ Milk, 
and the Mortality of Sucklings” (dze Therapie der Gegenwart, 
7904), gave his opinion that cows which acquired a high grade 
of resistance against tuberculosis through protective inocula- 
tions will secrete with their milk immuning agents, and that 
people, especially children at breast, when ‘partaking of such 
milk will also take those immuning agents into their system, 
through which they receive a certain amount of resistance 
against tuberculosis. The utilization of such milk will, how- 
ever, necessitate an adaptable milk preservation method, through 
which the immuning agents will not be destroyed or diminished. 
The usual sterilization or pasteurization, through heating to 
60° C., is for this purpose unsatisfactory, as in this process the 
protective agents are greatly reduced. ‘The only method which 
v. Behring found practicable consists in the addition of formal- 
dehyd (formalin) to the milk. While the presence of formaiin 
in the milk in quantities of 2% was harmless in all applications 
for test animals, it does, however, disagreeably change its taste ; 
only in quantities of 1:4,000 is the formalin undetectable to the 
taste and odor. Behring states that formalin, even in extraordi- 
nary high dilutions, prevents a decomposition of the milk, and is 
therefore recommendable for preserving purposes. Milk which 
without the addition of formalin coagulated in 48 hours, when 
exposed to a temperature of 18° C. will with the addition of 
1:10,000 on the 6th day, and in 1:5,000 not before the 8th day, 
become sour. Such small quantities of formalin have no effect 
on the immuning agents of the milk. Formalin milk of 1:10,000 
as proved, is for test animals very becoming ; in fact, experiments 
carried out on the estates of the Grand Duke Frederic, in Tes- 
chen, proved that it was more beneficial for newly born calves 
than the milk free from formalin; an average gain of 10 klg. 
was the result from the former, against 7-8 kig. from the latter. 
Above all, however, the formalin milk proved itself as a great 
remedy against the mortality of calves. On one farm, where the 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 43 


calves succumbed to such an extent that 48 hours after birth 
most every newly-born calf died, from the time the formalin 
milk was given not a single case of death could be recorded. 
The plague disappeared. To obtain the best results the form- 
alin milk should be fed raw, as, according to Behring, not only 
the immuning agents of tuberculosis, but also those against 
‘“‘ white scour,” are preserved. He states that cows’ milk alw ays 
contains protective agents against the Bacterzwm col, which is 
the principal cause of that affection. Experiments in this di- 
rection are very simple and cheap, so that they can be carried 
out everywhere. The first administration is to be given imme- 
diately or soon after birth, with a sucking bottle. Cattle owners 
and veterinarians have both a great interest in this matter; 
therefore, to work!! Should the hopes as given above prove 
facts, the formalin preservation of the milk will revolutionize 
the dairy industry.—(Zeztschr. f, Thiermed.) 

THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY WITH THYROID GLAND 
Compounps [Dr. A. Zimmerman]|.—The thyroid gland con- 
tains two albumen compounds, the thyreoproteid and the thy- 
reoidin. ‘The thyreoproteid is the product of material changes, 
while the thyreoidin is produced by the specific activity of the 
thyroid gland cells and it acts principally on the thyreoproteid. 
When this action is absent, as for instance after extirpation of the 
gland, then the accumulation of thyreoproteid produces an 
acute intoxication, the so-called kachexis strumipriva. In hu- 
man medicine the thyroid gland compounds are applied for 
myxodemas, for Basedow’s disease, for psoriasis and various ner- 
vous diseases. The veterinarians chiefly apply it for obesity. 
The influence of the thyroid gland on the organism manifests 
itself in the increase of nitrogenic changes. The consequence 
of this action is a considerable reduction of the body weight. 
The effect is quite rapid. The author treated seven dogs for 
obesity with thyroid compounds. ‘The dose of the thyreoidin 
was 0.15 gim., with which exercise was given. The patients 
were house and pet dogs. ‘Their ages varied from 3 to 
Io years. Iwo patients were males, three females and two 
were castrated. The duration of the treatment extended from 
eight days up to five weeks. The average reduction of weight 
amounted from 26 to 143 gm.; the average for the seven regis- 
tered cases being 97 gm. Unpleasant effects from the thyreoidin, 
as inappetence, depression, dizziness, tremors, diarrhcea, albu- 
minuria, diabetes, as reported by some, were never observed by 
the author. The thyreoidin as a remedy for obesity of dogs is 


44 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


given with three times the amount of pulv. rad. liquirit. As it 
easily decomposes, only small quantities should be ordered, and 
instructions given to keep the drug from light, heat and moist- 
ure. Should its application per os not agree with the patient, 
the same good results may be obtained from a 2 per cent. thy- 
reoidin-lanolin salve, or with the thyreoidinum depuratum 
(0.0I—0.05) subcutaneously.—(Zeztschr f. Thiermed.) 


ENGLISH REVIEW. 


By Prof. A. LrAuTARD, M. D., V. M. 

CLINICAL NOTES OF CANINE PRACTICE [F. R. C. V. S.].— 
It is not always easy to state what is the cause of ascites, al- 
though it is a symptom quite frequently observed. Sometimes 
it reappears after it has been removed by puncture of the abdo- 
men or by other treatment. And there are also cases of recovery 
where the cause of the trouble remains unknown. Example /. 
—A terrier dog, six years old, is ailing ; he has pined away for 
some time ; has a cough; urinates little. The abdomen is dis- 
tended ; there is abdominal dropsy; the animal moves with 
difficulty. Heis operated upon, and 1% pints of fluid removed. 
Iodide of potassium and digitalis are prescribed. The cough 
improves, but after ten days the dropsical condition has returned 
as bad as ever. Operated upon again, 1% pints of fluid are taken 
off. The dog is taken away by the owner, and lost sight of for 
several months, when he is seen again in perfect health. x- 
ample [7.—Valuable thoroughbred bull dog has had eczema for 
some time, and has been treated for it. All ofa sudden he loses 
flesh, coughs and ascites appears. The abdomen is so distended 
that puncture is decided upon. The trocar is introduced in three 
different places and only a small quantity of fluid extracted. 
Iodide and digitalis are prescribed. For a few days there is no 
change, but then the abdomen gradually diminishes and final 
radical recovery follows in a short time.—(Vez. Rec., Nov. 12, 
1904.) 

A CASE OF ‘TUBERCULOSIS IN THE Horse [£. A. Batt, 
R.C. V.S.|.—Bought in April, examined and passed sound, this 
horse worked regularly up to June 15, when he is observed to 
be dull, refusing his food, with slight nasal discharge anda 
temperature of 103°. He is able to resume work on the roth, 
but only for a short time, as on the 24th he presents again the 
saine symptoms and has a temperature of 106°. He then be- 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 45 
comes greatly emaciated, eats well one day and nothing the 
next; now and then he looks at his flank ; he has no polyuria. 
Auscultation and percussion reveal nothing abnormal towards 
the lung. As his temperature is too high, the tuberculin test 
cannot be applied, and the animal is turned out to wait until 
he has less fever. After two weeks, however, he is much worse. 
Rectal examination reveals the presence of a tumor as big asa 
hen’s egg and attached to the intestine. This growth or some 
other is also felt on palpation of the left flank, when it seems 
as large as a cricket ball. The animal was destroyed. At the 
post-mortem the lymphatic glands of the caecum and colon 
were found greatly enlarged,—many being as big as a ball. and 
along the groove of the colon they formed a continuous mass ; 
the bronchial glands were also enlarged and miliary tubercles 
were scattered through both lungs; the other organs were 
healthy. Examination of the glands under the microscope re- 
vealed the presence of large numbers of tubercle bacilli. Tak- 
ing in consideration the condition of the abdominal lesions, 
it is quite evident that the disease existed previous to the pur- 
chase of the animal.—(Vez. Rec., Nov. 19, 1904.) 

FISTULA BEHIND THE SHOULDER [£. W. Turner, M. R. C. 
V. S.|.—Among several cases reported by the author at a vet- 
erinary association, the following presents an unusual interest : 
An aged cart horse turned out to grass with a few bullocks was 
found one morning lame on the near fore leg. He could not 
get his shoulder forward and had a small puncture back of the 
shoulder about six inches above the cap of the elbow. ‘This 
puncture looked as if it had been made with a nail and ran up- 
wards for two inches. Hot fomentations were prescribed. About 
a week later a large abscess was found at the posterior border 
of the shoulder, from which an abundant discharge of pus was 
extracted. Warm water and antiseptic lotions failed to relieve 
entirely, and the discharge of pus continued, always copious. 
After a long trial, seeing no improvement, the owner ordered 
the horse destroyed. At the post-mortem the scapula was 
found enclosed in a semi-osseous case for two-thirds up towards 
the top and the cavity was full of pus, with no chance of a de- 
pending counter opening.—(Ve?. Rec., Nov. 79, 1904.) 

HERNIA OF THE UTERUS—REDUCTION—OPERATION [Guy 
Sutton; M. R. C. V. S.).—A small toy bull bitch has vomited 
all night ; by the vulva she has a bloody discharge, and in the 
groina large tumor. It is formed by hernia of the uterus, which 
contains a foetus at term, and it has one of its paws engaged 


46 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


in the vagina. The size of the foetus is such that it cannot be 
extracted by the vagina, neither does it allow the reduction of 
the hernia. To realize this last, laparotomy has to be per- 
formed, and even yet it is only after much care and precaution 
that this mass is returned into the abdomen. But even then, re- 
moval of the foetuses, as there were two in the uterus, is impos- 
sible on account of their size. Amputation of the uterus is im- 
posed. After thorough cleaning and antiseptic care, ligatures 
are applied above the ovaries and as near the vagina as possible, 
and the tissues between are resected. After minute disinfection 
the wound was closed and dressed with collodion and boric acid. 
There were no complications, and in a few days the little bitch 
was well. She only had a small hernial sac, which did not in- 
terfere with her.—(Vet. Rec., Nov. 26, 1904.) 

VITALITY OF A CaLF [F. Norton Wallis M. R. C. V. S.|.— 
A Saturday evening as a farmer was bringing his cows home 
from the field he noticed that one was missing. She was ad- 
vanced in calf and expected to deliver in a few days. Searches 
were made for her all night and all the day following, but she 
could not be found. In the evening, however, she was brought 
home with her calf, which was very small and puny, yet appar- 
ently in good health. The following Saturday, as the farmer 
was out, he found in the woods, close where the cow had been 
seen a week before, another calf, very thin and weak. It was 
taken home, and after a few days of care, became as well as the 
other, although he was not as big nor as robust.—(Vet. Rec., 
Nov. 26, 1904.) 

THREE CASES OF LACERATION OF THE VAGINA [£. A. Wes- 
ton, G. M. V. C., V. S.|.—The first is that of a mare which at 
the time when she was served was so terribly injured that she 
died in a few hours. The superior wall of the vagina was torn 
on a large surface, and through the laceration the intestines had 
escaped and come out by the vulva. It seems that during the 
act of copulation, the mare remained perfectly quiet and it was 
only shortly after that she was taken with pains, strained vio- 
lently, with the fatal result which occurred so rapidly. 

The second case is that of a mare which was expected to foal in 
about a month. In good health one evening by 7 o’clock, she 
was taken with labor pains at 10, made violent expulsive efforts 
and when the author arrived he found her laying down with 
several yards of intestine hanging from her vulva and upon 
which she laid. She was killed immediately. There was a 
laceration of the floor of the vagina close to the os uteri. The 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 47 


foetus was in anterior presentation with both front legs in good 
position and the neck bent backwards with the head tnrned to 
the right. . . . Inthe third case, a mare in foal was found 
one morning with one fore foot of the colt protruding through 
the anus. This was pushed back in place and the mare deliv- 
ered. She had a laceration of the upper wall of the vagina ex- 
tending through the rectum. The perineum, vulva and anus 
were much swollen, but there were no general disturbances. 
The parts were well disinfected, the edges of the rectal wound 
brought together with sterilized catgut and the wound of the 
vagina left open to serve as a drain. ‘The treatment consisted 
in creolin injections, severe diet, opium and aconite internally. 
Recovery was complete.—(Vez. Rec., Dec. 3, 1904.) 

SEXUAL PRECOCITY IN FOALS [Ez A. Weston, G. M.V. C.,, 
V. S.|.—At the age of six weeks a colt began to tease his 
mother, and before it was known he mounted and covered her 
like a stallion. He performed the act as an old horse would. 
It was not observed whether he ejaculated or not. When three 
months old he was running after heifers and fillies and became 
so annoying that he had to be castrated. From his early life he 
showed lack of natural affection, coming to his mother only to 
suck her and then leaving her to run after heifers and fillies. 
‘ Another case is that of a well-bred colt which when 
only two months old began to masturbate and has kept up this 
bad habit ever since. He was fed only on grass and had no 
stimulating food of any kind. During the act of masturbation, 
he stands with his back arched, his hind legs well under him 
and he squeals with pleasure. His general condition does not 
seem to suffer from his bad habit, although he does not look as 
well as he ought to.—(Vet. Rec., Dec. 3, 1904.) 

TUBERCULEUSE Mare [Vi R. Davis, M. R. C. V. S.|.—A 
mare, four years old, after being broken to harness, is turned out. 
She is in fine condition. A few months later she is taken in, 
as she does not look so well. She is thin, scarcely eats, her 
mucous membranes are pale, yet her temperature and pulse are 
normal. She is in foal, having probably been covered by a 
colt turned out with her. ‘Ten days later she has a foal, small 
but in good health. The mare continues getting thin; she 
has no cough; nothing abnormal can be detected at ausculta- 
tion. She has a swelling, rather firm and not painful, in front 
of the arm, running up to the point of the shoulder and seem- 
ing to push into the chest. An injection of tuberculin gives 
no reaction. ‘The mare is killed. When the knacker, to bleed 


io 8) 


4 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


her, dips his knife at the base of the neck, no blood escapes. 
In removing the skin that covers the swelling of the arm, the 
tumor appears with a pearl white color and is continued to the 
prescapular glands. At the opening of the abdomen, the en- 
larged liver is found with lots of tuberculous masses of - various 
sizes. The colic mesentery presents a long chain of tubercu- 
lous glands and a big mass, weighing 7 pounds, is hanging 
from the lumbar region. ‘The right ovary is full of tuberculous 
pus. No tubercles in the lungs. These removed with the 
heart, an enormous mass is exposed at the entrance of the chest, 
which it closes, and is compressing the trachea, cesophagus, 
bloodvessels and nerves, which enter the chest. Tubercle ba- 
cilli were found in quantities on examination of scrapings from 
the lesions. By the extent of the lesions Prof. McFadyean ex- 
plains the failure of the tuberculin test.—(Ve¢. Rec., Dec. ro, 
904.) 

CASTRATION OF A SMALL CRYPTORCHID [Z. Suarry, M. R. 
C. V. S.].—It is certainly a case worth recording. The author 
was called to examine a small pony, five years old, zzze hands 
high, which lately has become vicious, does not allow children 
to approach him and acts as a stallion. It is a cryptorchid. In- 
deed, when cast and secured one cicatrix only is observed on the 
left side of the scrotum ; there is none onthe right. With much 
care and difficulty the left testicle was removed ; it was about 
fully developed. In three weeks recovery was perfect, and the 
littie fellow behaved well.—( Vet. Rec., Dec. 10, 1904.) 


‘‘ PREVENTABLE AND CURABLE DISEASES OF ANIMALS” 
was the theme presented by Dr. M. H. Reynolds, of the Univer- 
sity of Minnesota, before the Minnesota State Dairyman’s Asso- 
ciation, held at Albert Lea, December 13-15. 

HORSES FOR THE PHILIPPINES.— Just now a big order for 
cavalry horses for Uncle Sam’s account is being filled in the 
Chicago market. A peculiar feature of this contract is that most 
of the animals must be mares, whereas ordinarily the Govern- 
ment buys only geldings forarmy uses. The bunch now being 
purchased is intended for service in the Philippines, and after a 
time the mares will be drafted out and sold for breeding pur- 
poses. The insular authorities have announced their intention 
of doing all they can to encourage horse breeding in the Philip- 
pines with a view to obtaining continually troop horses native- 
bred, and so less liable to attacks by disease in the strange land 
and climate.—( Breeder's Gazette.) 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 49 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


Pan yRINDERPHSE AND THE EFFECT OF KOCH’S 
BILE INOCULATION. 
( Continued from Vol. XXVIII, page 1184.) 


The diseased cattle were kept in a separate barn and their 
temperatures taken twice daily. Although the temperature 
charts vary greatly, they nevertheless give certain common in- 
dications of value to the prognosis. This is particularly so 
with cases that will terminate fatally. They show after the 
fourth day of inoculation fever, and diarrhcea develops soon 
afterwards, which in another day turns bloody. Death occurs 
in about seven days, in spite of the bile-inoculation. But other 
animals of the same herd, inoculated with the same quantity of 
the same bile, although they also became il], recovered on about 
the seventh day. The cause of this unfavorable result in the 
disease in certain animals cannot be explained in any other way 
but that they naturally possess a lesser resistance towards the 
infectious agent, as will be shown later on. 

The height of the fever alone does not indicate an unfavor- 
able turn in the disease, as none of the oxen with a temperature 
of 41° C. died. Neither does bloody discharge alone indicate a 
fatal termination. But both symptoms taken together, if they 
follow each other quickly, give always an unfavorable progno- 
sis. 

From the post-mortem examinations it was further learned 
that there existed no particular difference in the extent and 
character of the local pathological affections of those animals 
that died early in an acute attack, or those that died after the 
acute attack had passed, or those few cases that finally died 
without having shown marked clinical symptoms and that 
promised recovery. “hus the specific clinical picture of the 
disease and its final termination is not so much dependent upon 
the anatomical-pathological alterations produced, as from a more 
or less quick and intensive biological effect of the organized 
poison of the pest. 

The last day of fever of those animals which recovered was 
four times the fourth day, twice the first day, and only once the 
seventh day. Two oxen which still had fever on the eighth 
day died. This observation coincides with those made by Koch 
and Kalle, who maintain that the immunization is completed on 
the seventh day. If the bile has not effected its favorable result 


50 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


up to that day, it is a sign that it has been destroyed and the 
animal succumbs to the pest-poison as if it had not been inocu- 
lated. 

As regards the effect of the bile itself, we cannot agree with 
the opinion advanced that it contains the pest-poison in a viru- 
lent or attenuated form, and that its inoculation leads to an ac- 
tive immunization. It cannot be so, for bile taken under asep- 
tic precautions is not infectious, and the duration of its protec- 
tive action extends only over a short period of three to five 
months. But the immunization effected by inoculation of vir- 
ulent pest-blood extends over years, and most likely for a life- 
time. The protective bile-inoculation according to Koch’s 
method is merely a passiveimmunization, brought about by the 
injection of bile that contains antibodies which become bound 
to the pest-toxines in the blood. The pest-toxine is produced by 
the local morbid processes of the intestines (ulcers), which en- 
ters into the circulation as soon as formed, and produces the 
pest-fever. The development of the pest-antitoxines after. injec- 
tion of bile soon shows itself by a perceptible fall in body-tem- 
perature, followed by a decline or cessation of diarrhoea, effects 
which were so markedly observed in those many cases that re- 
covered from the rinderpest. 

But it is possible that the pest-toxines remain predominant 
in the course of the disease. If the introduced bile-antitoxines 
were not of sufficient quantity to counteract larger quantities of 
pest-toxines as are occasionally produced in several affections of 
rinderpest, then the remaining surplus of the pest-toxine finally 
kills the animal. Such cases were observed in several animals 
of herd C. Their temperatures remained continually high after 
inoculation, the diarrhoea did not desist, and the animals died. 

It is further prescribed that the bile-antitoxines may at first 
produce beneficial results as seen by a reduced fever, etc., but 
they are finally overcome by a continued production of pest-tox- 
ines newly developing in intestinal ulcers. Examples of such 
cases we had in two oxen which still had normal temperatures 
on the fourth day after the inoculation, but they finally showed 
a rise in temperature on the seventh day. Late on the same day 
bloody diarrhoea developed and death occurred on the ninth 
day. 

If the unfavorable termination in these cases was dependent 
upon an insufficient amount of bile-antitoxine injected, then it 
should be possible to prevent it by a larger dose of bile. That 
this contention is correct was proven by the course and termi- 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 51 


nation of a case which from want of bile could not be inoculated 
before the third day after a visible affection of rinderpest. The 
animal received a double dose of bile of 20 c. c., with the result 
that the body temperature fell on the next evening and became 
normal on the second day after the injection. The diarrhcea re- 
mained bloodless and the animal recovered. 

To sum up the result of this protective inoculation it must 
be stated that 41 oxen were more or less affected by the disease 
when inoculated, yet the herds only showed a mortality of 10 
per cent. against a mortality of 90 per cent. without bile inocu- 
lation. That this percentage can be still further reduced, so 
that almost every diseased animal may be saved, if good bile 
in sufficient quantity can be promptly injected, is most prob- 
able from our observations. 

But such favorable result of Koch’s bile-inoculation cannot 
be expected in practice, because its procedure is only possible 
if a certain number of animals have already succumbed to the 
disease and continue to die so that a supply of bile of sufficient 
quantity and good quality may be uninterruptedly secured. 
This method cannot, therefore, be sufficient to save all or nearly 
all animals of an infected herd. 

Another drawback of Koch’s inoculation is that it only pro- 
duces a passive immunity for a comparatively short period. As 
far as infected herds of beef-cattle in an army in the field are 
concerned, this disadvantage is of little consequence, because the 
animals are gradually slaughtered as soon as fit for butchering 
after recovery of the disease. But the conditions in Africa de- 
manded a larger period of immunity, and a method producing 
such was devised by Koch by the injection of 2 c. c. of virulent 
pest-blood between the 40-50 days after inoculation with bile, a 
method which produces an active immunization lasting during 
the lifetime of the animal. 

Still, even this more complicated method depends primarily 
on previous death of certain numbers of animals, and it requires 
a longer time to complete the immunization. It was, therefore, 
a decided progress when Kalle introduced the szmultaneous in- 
jection of highly-virulent pest-blood and of immunized rinder- 
pest serum on both sides of the neck of an animal. By this 
method over a million of cattle were saved from rinderpest in 
Africa. 

Inasmuch as Kalle’s method depends upon the production 
of rinderpest-serum in a laboratory, it is not applicable to in- 
fected cattle-herds of an army in the field, because no labora- 


52 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


tories can be maintained with a moving army. ‘Thus, in spite 
of its shortcomings, Koch’s bile-inoculation will again be resort- 
ed to in future wars in countries where rinderpest is indigenous 
ot likely to be introduced, because it is a ready method that 
consumes little time. Its success, however, depends in no small 
measure upon prompt establishment of a quarantine-station for 
beef-cattle, the immediate isolation of the well from the sick 
and infected, and the prompt injection of bile as soon as a good 
quality of bile can be procured by the death of an animal. 


NAIL PUNCTURES OF THE HOOF. 
NOTHING ORIGINAL, BUT A NEW WAY OF EMPLOYING AN OLD 
REMEDY. 
By L. E. WILLYOUNG, bee peg ee Artillery Corps, Fort Sam Houston, 
exas. 

Diversification in treatment and clinical methods are found, 
perhaps, more common in this form of injury than in any other 
part of equine pathology. 

The Southern States have always enjoyed the unfortunate 
reputation of reporting numerically more cases of tetanus due 
to hoof injury than those of colder latitude; the same may be 
said of the extreme tropical possessions. 

Punctures of the sole are common in any locality, of course 
depending on the careless manner in which nails are dropped 
by mechanics during the construction of buildings ; ashes con- 
taining nails strewn on the ground are also a common source of 
injury. It may bea fact that tetanus bacilli exist in abundance 
in the South, but if this be true, its manifestations have not 
been apparent during my experietce of over two years in this 
State. 

The top-soil in this immediate vicinity consists of a black 
gumbo, which when dry hardens like cement, and this accounts, 
no doubt, for the frequent punctures we encounter among our 
horses of the Artillery. It is a common sight to see nails em- 
bedded, point upwards, ready to penetrate the inoffensive hoof. 

Army horses at this post are not stabled on wood floors; the 
stalls are in most instances dry from early morn until night; 
hence we do not have the same tendency to infection which 
arises from urine-soaked wood floors that exist in most cities. 
Nail pricks here, especially if the offending agent still remains 
in the frog or sole, are in nearly all cases, discovered the day on 
which the injury occurs, due to the rigorous system of thorough- 
ly examining and cleaning the bottom surface of the hoof twice 


, ey ticker) Vee eee ere 


SP ROE La lye te rittinttrcanea a 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 53 


daily, it being rare that suppuration is manifest—in fact, sup- 
purative puncture wounds are the exception. 

Since April, 1903, our records show nail pricks as follows: 
April, 1903, 3; May, 5; June, 2; July, 3; August, 3; Sept., 3; 
@eb, 4, Nov, 6; Dec:, 10; Jan., 1904, 7; Feb., 8; March, 7; 
april a5) May, 2;  June,10; july,6; August, 2; Sept., 7; 
Oct, 2; Nov.,.6;: Deéc., 5 ; total 103. 

These punctures occurred among 208 horses of this batallion ; 
all animals were lame; all punctures reached the sensitive struc- 
tures; the major portion were punctures through the frog; all 
were treated alike, and all recovered inside of two weeks with- 
out permanent lameness or navicular complication. It may be 
further stated that with but two exceptions, the injuries occurred 
among different horses, showing that nearly 50 per cent. were 
affected in this manner. 

Our method of treatment is as follows: Removal of the shoe 
and the offending agent, thorough cleansing of the entire hoof 
with soap and hot water, a funnel shaped opening is pared 
through the sole to the sensitive structures ; pure carbolic acid 
is then either forced into the wound its entire length or depth, 
or is poured into the wound and probed to its bottom. 

Several years ago the subcutaneous injection of carbolic acid 
was advocated in the treatment of tetanus; the results were in 
a measure successful. This acid employed in tetanus, subcutem, 
even in the extreme dose of one drachm, diluted with water or 
glycerine, or undiluted, injected at intervals of two to four hours, 
appears to manifest a specific influence toward mitigating tonic 
spasm, relaxation of muscular tension, producing some intesti- 
nal peristalsis, and an appreciable reduction of temperature. In 
two cases I have administered one ounce inside of 24 hours in 
drachm doses, at intervals of two to four hours, with recovery 
from trismus, and other voluntary muscles. This relaxation 
usually follows at the end of 36 to 48 hours. 

I will state here that in both cases laxative medicine was ad- 
ministered before trismus was pronounced. 

In nail pricks, ‘assuming that infective matter has been car- 
ried into the wound by means of the nail,”’as Dr. Van Es writes 
in his well-directed article in the March REVIEW, it may be 
mentioned here that our method of irrigating the entire wound 
with pure carbolic acid will and does destroy, in nearly all cases, 
any infection of microbian origin and render the wound a clean 
self-draining one. 

The application to sensitive tissue of pure carbolic acid gives 


54 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


rise to but a slight irritative sensation. ‘Try it. If water is 
added to the acid, the pain is much moresevere. Pure carbolic 
acid applied to human skin and allowed to remain there, pro- 
duces an eschar, with desquamation in two or three days. If, 
however, the acid be diluted with asmall quantity of water, the 
results are different, aud theinjury becomes more extensive. In 
applying the acid to the puncture we do no harm to surrounding 
tissue, and a moment after it is forced into the wound its anal- 
gesic effects are noticed. Usually but one application of the 
acid is sufficient. If, however, the wound does suppurate, we 
employ its use again. 

Our next step in the clinical treatment is to apply an anti- 
septic poultice, consisting of a hot preparation of flax-seed meal, 
mixed with a solution of creolin (1 to 100), enclosing the entire 
hoof for 24 hours. ‘This is always followed by hot soak of per- 
manganate of potash solution, one ounce to four gallons of wa- 
ter, until lameness subsides. ‘This is done daily for about four 
hours. During the intervals between soaking, a dry gauze or 
cotton dressing is kept closely applied, and when the wound is 
dry and healed a shoe is applied, having leather, oakum, and 
pine tar placed between it and the hoof. Our experience here 
has shown that an animal treated in this manner will be ready 
for the harness in from four to six days. 

While continued poultices are conducive to microbic life, it 
is an undisputed fact that an antiseptic poultice affords capillary 
attractions, its emolient properties act beneficially to an unyield- 
ing dense horn, if judicially applied for a short time, and my 
experience has led me to believe that in all such cases “ they 
do more good than harm.” ‘The above record is the result of 
21 months’ experience in treating Artillery horses, and, while 
we may be in a position to exercise authority in the treatment 
of public animals under our care, we are still handicapped by 
lack of facilities, proper attendants and hospitals. 


PERSONAL. 

Dr. SAMUEL GLASSON, veterinarian 9th Cavalry, who has re- 
cently been on a two-month’s furlough, has left San Fran- 
cisco to join his regiment at Fort Riley, Kansas, where it is 
thought he will be assigned to a chair in the United States 
Army School of Farriery. 

Dr. ALEXANDER PLUMMER, veterinarian 4th Cavalry, has 
been placed at the head of the examining board for veterinarians 
about to enter the service. 


Or 
Or 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


VACCINATIONS AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS—REPLY TO DR. PEAR- 
SON’S CHARGES. 
NEw York, March 16, 1905. 
Editors Amertcan Veterinary Review : 

DEAR SirS:—In the March issue of your valuable journal 
we notice a letter from Dr. Leonard Pearson, in regard to. Prof. 
von Behring’s Bovovaccine for immunizing cattle against tuber- 
culosis, in which letter Dr. Pearson sets forth certain reasons as 
to why this method should not be taken up. Asa matter of 
fairness to all parties around, as well as to the readers of your 
paper, we herewith beg leave to enclose you our answer to these 
entirely unfounded charges, and we hope that you will give this 
letter space in your paper. ‘There is no doubt whatever that 
this question is of interest to the majority of your readers, who 
certainly will be more than interested to hear our view and side 
of this matter. Very truly yours, C. BISCHOFF & Co. 

* 


* * 

Our attention. has been called toa circular letter that has 
been sent out by Dr. Leonard Pearson, the State Veterinarian of 
Pennsylvania, in which he belittles and decries the work of von 
Behring, in regard to immunization against cattle tuberculosis. 
The matter is certainly of such great importance, that, while we 
are fully in a position to answer these entirely unfounded charges 
made by Dr. Pearson, we think it advisable, that his letter shall 
be brought to the attention of Prof. von Behring himself, who, 
we have no doubt whatever, will answer direct to them. 

At this time, however, we think it not out of place to bring 
to the notice of all parties interested, that notwithstanding all 
the claims made to the contrary by Dr. Pearson, facts on record 
prove beyond any question whatever, that Prof. von Behring’s 
experiments with immunization against tuberculosis date back 
a great many years, and from our knowledge we believe even 
before 1895, and that the practical application of those experi- 
ments was started in 1901; consequently the statement of Dr. 
Pearson, that Behring only recently adopted the method of in- 
oculation, is entirely without foundation. While there might 
have been some changes as to the mode of application, the prin- 
ciple, nevertheless, remained the same during all those years. 

Facts on record positively prove, that animals vaccinated 
after the von Behring method have not responded to the tuber- 


56 CORRESPONDENCE. 


culin test and show no reaction whatever, which entirely re- 
futes the charge made by Pearson, that those animals developed 
tuberculosis in an excessively severe form. 

Most complete and minute researches during post-mortem 
examinations failed to reveal the presence of any tubercle bacilli 
in any of the animals that were thus immunized. We do ad- 
mit, that a few cases did result in failures, but as you knowsuch 
things happen to the most scientific men and to the most tried 
and known methods, and if any one with an unprejudiced mind 
will consider those few failures in the 15,000 cattle that have 
been inoculated, it isonly one possible conclusion that he can 
come to, and that is, that the process is a success. 

As to vaccinating older cattle, as well as cows in milk; or 
cows carrying calves, we have stated distinctly, that Behring 
does not recommend the immunization of any animals but those 
that come within the limited age of from three weeks to three 

months, and it is certainly but natural and within the under- 
standing of anybody, even with an ordinary education, that milk 
cows, or cows carrying calves, or unhealthy animals in general, 
should not be inoculated, and we call your special attention to 
the advice laid down by Behring, where he says distinctly, that 
older animals must first undergo the tuberculin test, so as to 
prove the absence of the disease before they can be inoculated. 

Literature pertaining to these different points is on record ; 
the number of failures out of the 15,000 cattle immunized are 
also on record; consequently it is easy to prove the entire ques- 
tionable value of the charges made against this method. 

We are certainly aware, and did expect some sort of oppo- 
sition to the introduction of Prof. von Behring’s Bovovaccine, 
as we know that all great discoveries, in medicine especially, 
bring forth protests and opposition from inferior minds, and if 
any one will recollect the storm of abuse that was heaped upon - 
Prof. von Behring, the discoverer of anti-toxin for diphtheria, 
and which, by the way, has proved such a great boon to human- 
ity, in saving hundreds and hundreds of children’s lives from 
the clasps of diphtheria, we are not at all surprised at some of 
the opposition that was called forth on this occasion, but we 
would like to have everything on a fair and square ground. 

We note that the final conclusion arrived at by Dr. Pearson 
is, that the production and sale of vaccines, anti-toxines, etc., 
for animals as well as for man, should be under more stringent 
State control, and in regard to this particular point we beg 
leave to say, that we should only be too pleased to have the 


CORRESPONDENCE. 57 


State assume charge and control of this matter, and see that the 
inoculations should be done properly, and we would be willing 
and pleased to supply the Bovovaccine free of charge, on the 
first few occasions, in order to prove to the country at large, 
that in this Bovovaccine the world has received finally its an- 
swer to this great problem of bovine tuberculosis. 

Any impartial man, who has been reading our correspon- 
dence and literature which has been sent out in regard to Prof. 
von Behring’s Bovovaccine, will certainly agree, that we have 
been perfectly ethical in every possible way, and we strongly 
protest against Dr. Pearson’s term, that our letter and claims 
are of the patent medicine variety. 

We merely ask from you, dear sir, an impartial vated fair 
trial for the Behring method, and are perfectly willing to stand 
and abide by results as obtained after the inoculations. 

Very truly yours, C. BiscHorFr & Co. 


PARTURIENT PARESIS IN A PRIMIPARA. 
DAYTON, OHIO, March, 6, 1904. 
Editors American Veterinary Review: 

DEAR SiRS :—I noticed in the February number of the RE- 
VIEW, in the report of the meeting of the Ontario Veterinary 
Association, a paragraph which I will quote: 

“Dr. Barnes gave a short address, showing deep thought, on 
the actual cause of parturient toxicosis (parturient apoplexy). 
He asked why does it not occur at the first calving? An inter- 
esting discussion ensued, in which Drs. Reed, Mole, and others 
participated.” 

I should like to answer Dr. Barnes’ question. It has oc- 
curred at first calving, and it was not in a deep milking breed. 
The case I will refer to was a full-blooded Shorthorn heifer of 
the Crookshank family,a few days over eighteen months old, 
the property of Mr. C. L. Gerlaugh, of Osborn, Ohio, an im- 
porter and breeder of Shorthorns of the Crookshank family. 
This was a very fine show heifer and was accidentally bred by 
a young bull breaking into her paddock. At the time of calv- 
ing she had very little more udder development than any other 
heifer of her breed kept iri show condition, which she was. Her 
owner intended to wean the calf, dry up the small secretion of 
milk, and exhibit her at the State fairs asa yearling heifer, 
with others of his herd. In the afternoon of June 23, 1904, Mr. 
Gerlaugh telephoned to me to come on the train to Osborn, 


o8 CORRESPONDENCE. 


where he could meet me and take me to his farm to treat a case 
of milk fever. When we met at Osborn, he informed me that 
the heifer had calved the day before and had become paralyzed 
the afternoon he called me. He had ordered broken ice kept 
on her head. When we arrived at the farm, we found broken 
ice and sait on her head, which was slightly frozen to the hair. 
The ice was removed at once. An examination showed the 
heifer to be in a comatose condition, eyes amaurotic, tempera- 
ture subnormal, and unable torise. I gave her the Schmidt 
treatment, left instructions for her care and treatment, and then 
left for home. I visited her the next day, arriving at the farm 
about 10 A.M. ‘The patient was reported to have been on her 
feet about an hour before and drank a bucket of water. When 
we went into the stable, she got up and stayed on her feet un- 
til after I left for home ; she was weak and unsteady in her move- 
ments, temperature was normal, bowels and kidneys were act- 
ing, and a favorable recovery was expected. On the morning 
of the 25th, Mr. Gerlaugh telephoned me that he considered 
her out of all danger. He said she was drinking well and eat- 
ing the little bran mash I had ordered. The bowels and kid- 
neys were acting freely. WALTER SHAW. 


THE INTERNATIONAL VETERINARY CONGRESS. 
Kansas City, March g, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review : 

DEAR SrRS :—There will be in connection with the Eighth 
International Veterinary Congress at Budapest, Hungary, an In- 
ternational Conference on tropical diseases. At the meeting at 
Capetown, the representatives of the English Colonies of South 
Africa discussed the animal diseases prevalent there, and at the 
closing meeting of this Conference it was decided to take steps 
to have in connection with the International Veterinary Con- 
gress, which will be held this year at Budapest, a special con- 
ference, to which the South African States and Colonies, the 
English Colonies of Australia and New Zeeland, India, Egypt, 
the United States of America, the South American States, 
in fact the representation of all those States and Colonies 
shall be invited in which the same or similar diseases as those 
of South Africa are prevalent among’ the domesticated animals. 
The Executive Committee of the Congress had already pre- 
viously to this action placed on its programme the discussion 
of the tropical disease. However, the conclusion of the Cape- 
town conference will considerably add to the interest taken by 


CORRESPONDENCE, 59 


the most eminent scientists in all parts of the world towards 
the approaching International Veterinary Congress at Budapest. 
Recently, Dr. S. de Ratz, General Secretary of the Congress, 
was notified of the organization of local committees from the fol- 
lowing places: Dr. Ludtin of Baden-Baden, Binder of Vienna, 
Dr. Bang of Copenhagen, A. Cope of London, Dr. Nogneira of 
Lisbon, Prof. Dr. Thomassen of the Utrecht University, A. 
Malm of Norway, and A. Popovits of Belgrade. These, with 
the committees already announced of Prussia, Saxony, Italy, 
France, Belgique and Hessen (in most of the European States 
the local committees are organized), which undoubtedly proves 
the great interest taken towards the Congress. Should members 
of the veterinary profession of America desire to attend the Con- 
gress, I will gladly furnish all information regarding the trip, 
traveling, and expenses connected with the same. 


Dr. ADOLPH EICHHORN. 
Room 328, Live Stock Exchange, Kansas City, Mo. 


CHEERING NEWS FROM FLORIDA. 
TAMPA, FLA., March 17, 1905. 


Editors American Veterinary Review : 

DEAR Sirs :—I have just read Dr. Dawson’s letter in the 
current REVIEW entitled “The Florida Variety.” It is very 
true, but there is a chance that it will not always be so. Under 
the direction of State Senator Crane I am even now circulating 
a petition that will result in the introduction of a bill at the 
coming session of the State Legislature, for a law governing the 
practice of veterinary medicine. 

I have met no one who has not regarded it in a favorable 
light ; I have endorsement from the State Board of Health, and 
Senator Crane, who will take care of the measure for me, says 
he believes it will go. As there is no veterinary medical asso- 
Ciation in this State, and the few of us here are widely scattered, 
I must needs work alone. If the law goes through IJ shall feel 
proud of it. If not, I have at least started something that will 
materialize sometime. Very truly yours, 

FRED W. PoRTER,-D. V. M. 


THE LITERATURE OF PROTARGOL. 
NEw YorK, March 17, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review - 
DEAR SIRS :—Our attention has been called to the fact that 
in the March issue of your journal it is stated that no literature 


60 CORRESPONDENCE. 


on protargol exists. This is certainly an error in view of the 
immense number of articles which have appeared on this prep- 
aration both in European and American journals. We presume, 
however, that this remark referred only to veterinary reports, 
but even of these there are several, three of which were pub- 
lished in your journal. Among the more important contribu- 
tions we would refer you to the following : AMERICAN VETER- 
INARY REVIEW, May, Igo! (p. 143), by Dr. T. Hendrickx ; Aug., 
1902, by Dr. W. E. A. Wyman; and Jan., 1901, by Dr. Wm. 
Petrie. Journal of Comparat. Med. and Vet. Arch., Aug., 1901, 
by Dr. W. H. Wheeler; July, 1902, by Dr. Albrecht; May, 
1902, by Dr. W. E. A. Wyman; July, 1902, by Dr. G. M. Boon; 
June, 1900, by Dr. W. T. Campbell. 
With kindest regards, believe us, Yours very truly, 
FARBENFABRIKEN OF ELBERFELD CO. 


MISSOURI SECURES A PRACTICE ACT—KANSAS FAILS. 
KANSAS City, Mo., March 24, 1905. 
Editors American Veterianry Review: 

DEAR SrRS:—On March 23d the Governor of Missouri 
approved a bill enacted by the legislature regulating the prac- 
tice of veterinary science in the State of Missouri. It pro- 
vides for the registration of practitioners who have gained a 
livelihood by veterinary practice for three years prior to Janu- 
ary 1, 1906. It also provides for a Board of Veterinary Exami- 
ners, and that persons seeking certificates to. practice, after Jan- 
uary I, 1906, shall be veterinary graduates, and shall pass an 
examination before a license shall be issued. 

Efforts to secure veterinary legislation in the State of Kan- 
sas proved a failure for want of hearty and general support by 
the veterinarians of the State. Very sincerely yours, 

S. STEWART. 


THE TRANSMISSION OF MUTILATION MARKS TO OFFSPRING. 
DENVER, COLO., Feb. 24, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review : 

DEAR Sirs :—I note with much interest in last issue of the 
REVIEW Dr. Thomas Farmer’s remarks on “‘ Heredity.” The 
doctor goes on to say that the effects of mutilation are open to 
serious objection; for instance, circumcision of the Jews and 
the dehorning of cattle not being transmitted to offspring. 

I beg to call the doctor’s attention, as well as the profession 


CORRESPONDENCE. 61 


at large, to an experience I met with in my practice since com- 
ing to Denver which was entirely new to me and perhaps to all 
or most of the profession. 

I was called Nov. 30th, 1904, to aid and assist a fox terrier 
bitch during labor. ‘There was born three puppies, all having 
their tails perfectly bobbed. 

This I consider is ample proof of the possibility of mutila- 
tion being inherited, since it has been the custom for many 
generations to cut the fox terrier’s tail. 

Yours truly, MarK WHITE, JR., V. M. D. 


HUMAN AND BOVINE TUBERCULOUS DISEASE.—In a recent 
contribution to the casuistics of the relations of human and bo- 
‘vine tuberculous disease (Archiv. fir pathologische Anatomie 
und Physiologie und fiir klinische Medicin, clxxvii, 3; Berliner 
klinische Wochenschri/t, January 23d) Ipsen records the case of 
a child, ten months old, in which there was found post-mortem 
ordinary tuberculous disease of the lungs, the intestines, and 
other organs, together with an affection of the intestinal perito- 
neum corresponding to one of the forms of the disease in cattle, 
in both its gross and its microscopical appearance. Such cases, 
it is remarked, are very rare in literature. 

LICENSED TO PRACTICE IN NEW JERSEY.— Lhe following 
persons passed the January examination of the State Board of 
Veterinary Medical Examiners at Trention and have been duly 
licensed to practice veterinary medicine, surgery, and dentistry 
in the State of New Jersey: Edward A. Durner, D. V. S., New 
York University (N. Y.-A. V.C.), 1904, New York City ; Chas. 
S. Thompson, D. V. S., New York University (N. Y.-A. V.C.), 
1904, Newark, N. J. ; Ralph Lee Thompson, V. M. D., University 
of Pennsylvania (Vet. Dept.), 1904, Haddonfield, N. J.; Otis H. 
Downs, D. V. S., Kansas City Veterinary College, Englewood, 
Nic: 
‘SPECIAL REPORT ON DISEASES OF CATTLE.”—The re- 
vised edition of the Government work on the “‘ Diseases of Cat- 
tle,” issued by the Bureau of Animal Industry, Department of 
Agriculture, Washington, D. C., is now out and can be pro- 
cured by application to members of Congress or U. S. Senators. 
The various chapters of the work have been prepared by differ- 
ent veterinarians of national reputation, including Drs. D. E. 
Salmon, Theobald Smith, Leonard Pearson, William Herbert 
Lowe, James Law, Ch. Wardell Stiles and John R. Mohler. 


62 NEBRASKA VETERINARY LAW. 


NEBRASKA VETERINARY LAW. 


The Nebraska Veterinary Medical Association has caused 
to be introduced in the Legislature the following bill (Senate 
File 165), and Dr. A. T. Peters, of Lincoln, under date of March 
10, says: “ This bill has passed the Senate unanimously, and 
at this writing is already on general filein the House, and if 
nothing unforeseen happens, will pass that body.” 


ASBLET 


For an act to establish a State Board of Veterinary Medicine, 
to Regulate the Practice of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary 
Surgery, Veterinary Dentistry, or any Branch Thereof, 
and to provide for the Appointment of Examiners and 
Secretaries thereof, to Protect the Title of those engaged in 
the practice thereof, and to provide penalties for the vtola- 
tion thereof. 

Be ut enacted by the Legislature of the State of Nebraska : 


SECTION I. There shall be established in the State of Ne- 
braska a Board styled The Nebraska State Board of Veterinary 
Medicine. Said Board shall consist of the Governor, Secretary 
of State and State Auditor and said Board shall appoint three 
qualified veterinarians as examiners or secretaries, each of whom 
shall be a graduate of a recognized veterinary college or uni- 
versity, one of whom shall be appointed for the term of one 
year, one for the term of two years, and one for the term of 
three years, and thereafter it shall be the duty of said Board to 
appoint or reappoint one secretary or examiner each year who 
shall hold said office for the term of three years and until his 
successor shall be appointed and qualified. 

SECTION 2. Said Board of Examiners or Secretaries shall 
within thirty days after their appointment meet and organize 
by the election of a president, secretary and treasurer from its 
own members who shall be elected for the term of one year and 
serve until their successors are elected and qualified, and shall 
perform the duties prescribed by the Board. It shall be the 
duty of said Board of Examiners to examine all applicants for 
license to practice veterinary medicine, surgery, or dentistry in 
the State of Nebraska, and to grant certificates to such persons 
as may be entitled to the same under the provisions of this act. 
Said Board shall hold meetings for examination at the Capitol 


NEBRASKA VETERINARY LAW. 63 


on the second Wednesday of April and October of each year, 
and such other meetings as may be necessary, each session not 
to exceed three days. It shall have a common seal and the 
president shall have the power to administer oaths. All cer- 
tificates issued by said Board shall be signed by the president 
and secretary and attested with its seal. Said certificates when 
so issued shall be conclusive as to the rights of the lawful hold- 
er of the same and shall entitle holder to practice veterinary 
medicine, surgery, and dentistry in this State, under such title 
as he may deem fit, until revoked. Two of said Board shall 
constitute a quorum, and said Board may make and adopt all 
necessary rules, regulations and by-laws not contrary to law, to 
enable it to perform its duties under the provisions of this act. 

SECTION 3. Said Board shall keep a record of all its pro- 
ceedings and also a record or register of all applicants for li- 
cense and licenses issued together with name, age, and residence 
of applicant, the time spent in the study and practice of veter- 
inary medicine, surgery, and dentistry, and location, and the 
name of location of the college or university of which said ap- 
plicant isa graduate, in which he has pursued such studies. 
Said books and records shall be competent evidence of all mat- 
ters therein contained. 

SECTION 4. No person engaged in the practice of veteri- 
nary medicine, veterinary surgery, veterinary dentistry, or any 
branch thereof, shall assume or use the title of veterinary sur- 
geon or analogous or the title of any degree or part of a degree 
conferred by any recognized veterinary college or university 
unless he shall be the lawful holder of a certificate or license 
issued in accordance with the provisions of this act. 

SECTION 5. All applicants for certificates as aforesaid shall 
be required to pass satisfactory examination in such subjects 
and topics, a knowledge of which is commonly and generally 
required of candidates for degrees in reputable veterinary col- 
leges or universities in the United States. All examinations 
provided for in this act shall be conducted under rules and reg- 
ulations prescribed by the Board, which shall provide for fair 
and wholly impartial methods of examination. 

SECTION 6. Every applicant for examination and certificate 
under the provisions of this act shall pay to the Board of Ex- 
aminers prior to his examination the sum of $5.00 and said 
Board of Examiners shall receive no fee or salary from the State 
but the fees received from applicants shall defray all expenses 
of said Board. 


64 NEBRASKA VETERINARY LAW. 


SECTION 7. The Board may refuse to issue a certificate or 
may revoke or cancel one already issued for any of the follow- 
ing causes ; to wit; the employment of fraud or deception in 
applying for said license or certificate, or in passing examina- 
tion provided for in this act; conviction of crime involving im- 
moral turpitude; habitual intemperance in the use of ardent 
spirits, narcotics, or stimulants. 

SECTION 8. Any person violating any of the provisions of 
this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon con- 
viction shall be punished bya fine not less than $25.00 nor 
more than $100.00, or by imprisonment in the county jail for a 
term of not less than thirty days, nor more than ninety days, 
for each and every offense, and cost of prosecution, and shall 
stand committed until such fine and costs are paid. 

SECTION 9. Nothing in this act shall prevent any person 
practicing veterinary medicine, veterinary surgery, or veteri- 
nary detistry in the state, provided, said person shall not as- 
sume or use the title veterinarian or analogous title, or that of 
any degree or part thereof conferred by a recognized veterinary 
college or university. 

SECTION 10. Whereas, an emergency exists, this act shall 
take effect and be in force from and after its passage and ap- 
proval as provided by law. | 


NEW JERSEY VETERINARY REGISTER.—Dr. Wm. Herbert 
Lowe is now completing the work of the revision of the ‘ Vet- 
erinary Medical Register of the State of New Jersey,” issued in 
1900, and would appreciate any data that will make the Regis- 
ter more accurate and complete. Veterinarians are reminded 
not to neglect to notify the compiler of removals, changes of 
address, etc. 

BULLETIN No. go from the Utah Experiment Station deals 
with the fattening of animals on beet pulp and refuse beet mo- 
lasses to cattle and sheep fed with alfalfa in all and grain in 
some instances. Steers fed pulp and alfalfa alone made a net 
profit of $11.56 per head in 107 days and the gain cost only 
$2.80 per cwt. The daily gain was 1.48 pounds. A gain of 
2.65 pounds per day was made when grain was added to the for- 
mer ration and the net profit was $7.03 in 107 days. Good net 
profits are also reported from pulp-fed sheep. The bulletin may 
be obtained on application to the Utah Experiment Station, 
Logan, Utah. 


pe he ae 


A COMEDY. 65 


A COMEDY.* 


By MAvupDE MIRIAM MILLER. 


A horse that tried to jump a fence 

' Got worsted at his own expense, 
Without a witness of defence, 
He was a horse of indolence 

Not noted for his abstinence 

But famed for his circumference 
And heavy weight magnificence. 
His breadth was certainly immense, 
Small his supply of commonsense ; 
You should have seen this horse commence 
To learn to jump a barbed wire fence, 
It was the greatest evidence 

Of his half witted innocence, 

To jump a fence this horse was bent 
But he was destined to repent— 
This animal intelligent 

Learned pride must have a swift descent 
After a fall so violent 

As that one which he underwent. 
When torn in every ligament 

He spoke in language vehement 

At his ill timed experiment 

Which ended in the accident. 
He moved his body corpulent 

And groaned in sorrow evident 
Because of the illstarred event. 
Intending not to mope and pine 
And thinking it was time to dine, 
He stopped the peevish little whine 
And tried his forces to combine 
And rise from the unwished decline. 
He slowly accomplished his design, 
Then calmly nibbled pumpkin vine; 
And with an intuition fine 
And very plainly masculine 
This lesson of grave discipline 
The old plug could no more define 
Than could a silly porcupine— 
But then he had an awful chill 
And felt extremely stiff and ill. 
A pompous man of stubborn will 
With V. S. for a codicil 
Was called to give this horse a pill. 
His sense was smaller than his bill 
For he allowed that horse to swill 


* Read by President Miller at the Meeting of the Iowa State V. M. A., Jan. 25-26, 
1905. 


66 COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. 


Of whiskey more than half a gill— 

But then, you know this pompous wight 
Was really a little tight, 

This horse, trom brandy mixed with spite 
Kicked that vet higher than a kite, 

And sent him nearly out of sight, 

For o’er the fence he fell in fright, 

Much to the nags inward delight 

Who thought it keened his appetite 

More than a dose of aconite. 


COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. 


KANSAS CITY VETERINARY COLLEGE. 


The commencement exercises were held Tuesday evening, 
March 14, in the college building and the following large class 
was graduated: R. Logan Allen, Lloyd Ashlock, Joseph G. 
Beattie, George W. E. Bromell, Edward A. Bundy, George E. 
Butin, Leroy M. Chambers, Lloyd Champlain, Roy R. Clark, 
Charles B. Clement, Gardner W. Closson, Charles C. Conley, 
Alva G. Coppenbarger, Lewis Cravens, T. Byron Cracroft, Hugh 
T. Doak, Jaroslav J. Drasky, Robert B. Grimes, George A. Han- 
vey, Jr., Clarence E. Hart, Robert H. Hayes, Thomas S. Hick- 
man, Walter F. Holbrook, Mearl W. Hughes, Frank Jelen, Roy 
Jones, Edward H. Kilian, Christopher C. Kinsley, R. W. C. 
Lowry, Will E. McClure, Ira W. McEachran, George A. Meixel, 
George J. Mutziger, John H. Oesterhaus, Ole C. Olsen, Benja- 
min P. Rainey, George A. Revercomb, R. Lee Rhea, James D. 
Rinker, Fred W. Roach, William H. Saylor, D. Clark Scott, 
Fred LL. Schneider, Emry C. Sheumaker, Peter Simonson, 
Charles R. Treadway, William H. Tuck, Frank H. Tucker, 
Benjamin F. Webster, Benjamin H. Yenner, William Yenner. 
Special Course—Samuel E. Hershey, V. S., Orange V. Phillips, 
Vo. Héeury J Sebauch DB) Vis. | 


WESTERN VETERINARY COLLEGE. 
The eighth annual commencement exercises of the above 
. school were held in the College Auditorium, 1123 Holmes 
Street, Kansas City, Mo., on Tuesday, March 7, at 8 p.m. The 
following received diplomas on this occasion: George Allen 
Abbott, Medford, Wis.; Elza E. Bell, Athens, Ohio; George H. 
Atkinson, Oshkosh, Wis.; Ernest G. L. Harbour, Overbrook, 
Kans.; William W. Thomas, Jr., Wichita, Kans.; Earle A. Bow- 


COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. 67 


man, Overbrook, Kans.; Arthur M. Haushalter, Menomonee 
Falls, Wis.; Albert C. Dunlap, Cadiz, Ohio; John J. Streng, 
Melrose, Kans.; Frank F. Schmidt, Deepwater, Mo.; George H. 
Scheuer, Manchester, Mo.; Wilbur N. Mateer, Syracuse, Kans.; 
Thomas A. Long, Mound City, Mo.; Willis T. Christison, Lebo, 
Kans.; William F. Jones, Jefferson, Oreg.; Anton E. Byron, 
Bristol, S. Dak.; George D. Byerley, Overbrook, Kans.; Harry 
PeCtay, Cole Camp, Mo.; J..W. Rossiter, Alden, Mich.; D. 
Albert’ Yowell, Monroe City, Mo.; Morton F. Hutton, Canton, 
Tis eAl bert: Je Erickson, Tustin, Mich.; sy olin Pe Jones, Beattie, 
Kans.; Clement Kelnhofer, Medford, ’ Wis.: James H. Sterett, 
Paris, “Mo.; Fred Gilgen, Highland, Tih: Harry 1S Thomas, 
Wichita, Kans.; S. Charles Lode Cokeville, Wyo.; William C. 
Shikles, Plattsburg, Mo. 


SAN FRANCISCO VETERINARY COLLEGE. 

The following gentlemen graduated from the college on 
Deerey too, = irederick Segsworth, Colusa, Cal.; -L. H. 
Mathers, San Francisco, Cal.; Norman Neilsen, City of Mexico, 
Mexico; Hudson Chadwick, Jackson, Miss.; George Gor- 
don, Merced, Cal.; George Waddell, Modesta, Cal.; Ward Ou- 
théer, Salinas, Cal.; Robert B. Boyle, Concord, Cal. ; ey 
Re Ward, San Francisco, Cals; Oliver B: Shipman, Hilo, Hi. 
Five students of the Senior Class failed to qualify. 


C. J. HAMLIN, of Village Farm fame, is said to have left an 
estate valued at $20,000,000. 

WE acknowledge receipt of a reprint of the splendid paper 
upon “ The Clinical Examination of the Blood of the Horse and 
Its Value to the Veterinarian,” by Veranus A. Moore, Clarence 
M. Haring, and Bert J. Cady, read at the St. Louis meeting of 
che AL V2 M.A. 

HAD NO FaITH IN AUTOMOBILES.—An action for damages 
alleged to have been received in an automobile accident was re- 
cently brought in an adjoining county. A woman had been 
thrown from a carriage, the horse attached to which was fright- 
ened by an automobile. She landed in a ditch and was not 
dangerously injured. Upon being assisted to her feet, it is re- 
lated, some one spoke of calling a doctor, aud suggested a phy- 
sician who visits his patients in an automobile. The injured 
woman protested, saying: “‘ No, don’t call him. I don’t want 
an automobile doctor. Get mea horse doctor.”—(U¢zca Odser- 
ver.) 


68 OBITUARY. 


OBITUARY. 


WM. B. E. MILLER, D. V. S. 


It becomes our sad duty to record, in the columns of the 
REVIEW, that on the 2d ult. one of New Jersey’s best known 
veterinarians, Dr. Wm. B. E. Miller, of Camden, departed this 
life at the age of 65 years, at the 
home of his brother-in-law, Hon. J. 
V. D. Beekman, Hightstown, N. J. 
A wife and a daughter survive Dr. 
Miller. ‘The funeral services were 
held at Hightstown on the 4th. 
The Veterinary Medical Association 
of New Jersey, of which organiza- 
tion Dr. Miller had been an active 
and influential member ever since 
its sogee aa in 1884, sent a beauti- 
ful floral piece, besides being repre- 
sented at the last sad rites by a 
committee of five of his fellow 
members, consisting of Dr. Albert 
Brown, of Hightstown; Dr. B. F. King, of Little Silver ; Dr. 
Geo. F. Harker, of Trenton; Dr. John P. Mathews, of Prince- 
ton, and Dr. Wm. Herbert Lowe, of Paterson. 

Dr. Miller’s career has been a notable one in his chosen pro- 
fession. He was graduated from the American Veterinary Col- 
lege in 1879 and rapidly gained a wide reputation as a practi- 
tioner and surgeon. He often traveled hundreds of miles by 
train and has been known to have journeyed half way across 
the continent to perform some difficult operation. His success 
was phenomenal and his reputation as a surgeon soon extended 
far and wide. 

Dr. Miller was among the first who attempted the standing 
operation for castration, and was celebrated for the castration of 
the cryptorchid horse. 

Dr. Miller served in a number at important positions and 
was highly honored in various ways by the profession of his 
State and in the nation. 

He was for some time a Trustee of the American Veterinary 
College; one of the State Veterinary Inspectors of New Jersey 
for a number of years; one of the first inspectors of the Bureau 
of Animal Industry, and served said Bureau for many years in 


OBITUARY. 69 


various capacities. Until rheumatism and serious illness over- 
come him, he was always an earnest and active member of the 
Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey, and in its early 
history wasits honored President. More than twenty years ago 
he was also working for the upbuilding of the United States 
Veterinary Medical Association, and had the honor of being its 
President from 1883 to 1885. 

He was also a member of the Pennsylvania State V. M. As- 
sociation, at the recent meeting of which touching resolutions 
in acknowledgment of his worth were unanimously adopted. 

(W. H. L.) 


CHARLES K. GRESWELL, M. R. C. V. 5S. 

Dr. Charles K. Greswell, for several terms State veterinary 
surgeon and one of the best known veterinary surgeons in the 
United States, died at Mercy Hospital at 8 o’clock yesterday 
morning, from the effects of an operation for perforation of the 
duodenum. 

Dr. Greswell was on the witness stand two days in the 
Hindry-Globe smelter case, and it is the opinion of the physi- 
cians that the laborious work as witness aggravated the attack 
that resulted in his death. He suffered his first attack late Wed- 
nesday night, in his rooms in the Denver Athletic Club, and 
was hurriedly taken to the hospital. 

Dr. E. P. Hershey, an old friend, was called, and pronounced 
his case serious. The patient steadily grew worse and, when it 
was seen that, even though Dr. Greswell was in no condition to 
withstand an operation, it was his only chance for life, Dr. Leon- 
ard Freeman was called into consultation. The operation was 
performed at 2.30 o’clock Thursday afternoon. Dr. Greswell 
_ never rallied. He became weaker and weaker, until at 8 o’clock 
life had fled. 

While being wheeled into the operating room, Dr. Greswell 
said to William A. Rose, a friend: “ Bill, it is a hundred to one 
shot that I croak.” 
~: Mr. Rose attempted to comfort him, but Dr. Greswell was 
too much of a surgeon not to know that the operation he was 
about to undergo was an exceptionally delicate one, and that the 
chances were much against his recovery. 

He directed Mr. Rose to “settle things up as soon as possi- 
ble.” And asked that hisremains becremated. This was done 
at Riverside crematory yesterday afternoon. The ashes ‘will be 
given to Mr. Rose next Tuesday, who will forward them by 


70 OBITUARY. 


express to Mrs. Greswell, who is in a critical condition in a sani- 
torium in San Jose, Cal. 

Dr. Greswell was born in-London, Eng., 47 years ago. He 
was graduated from the Royal Veterinary College of London, of 
which institution his father was a professor. He came to Den- 
ver 20 years ago and was in active practice from 1885 to 1895. 
He was first appointed State veterinary surgeon under Gov. Job 
Cooper, and served in the same capacity under Governors John 
L. Routt and Waite. 

He removed to California three years ago because of the poor 
health of Mrs. Greswell. He came to Denver a week ago to 
testify in the Hindry-Globe case at the solicitation of Charles 
Hughes, Jr., leading counsel for Mr. Hindry. 

Mr. Rose has taken charge of Dr. Greswell’s effects. He 
telegraphed to friends of Mrs. Greswell telling of the sad death, 
but because of her critical condition, the news has been with- 
held from Mrs. Greswell. Besides Mrs. Greswell, a son, Rich- 
ard, aged 16 years, and a daughter, Betty, aged 3 years, sur- 
vive. 

By request of Dr. Greswell before his death, the funeral 
service was from the undertaking parlors of W. P. Horan, and 
consisted of no ceremony other than the gathering of a few old 
friends to take a last look at the form cold in death.—(Denver, 
Col., Republican, March 17.) 


MRS. H. D. GILL. 

Dr. Harry D. Gill, of New York City, has suffered the irre- 
parable loss of his estimable wife, which occurred on March 23, 
after a painful and lingering illness. She was before her mar- 
triage Miss Adelaide Florence Hasty, of Brooklyn, and was a 
most devoted, congenial and helpful wife, always taking a keen 
interest in her husband’s affairs, and adding no little to his suc- 
cessful career. Dr. Gill has the sympathy of his large circle of 
professional and other friends in his great bereavement. The 
funeral took place on Sunday, March 26, in the chapel of the 
Stephen Merritt Burial Company, Eighth Ave. and Nineteenth 
St., New York, and the interment was in Greenwood Cemetery. 


Dr. OLOF SCHWARZKOPF has been on temporary duty at 
Fort Yellowstone, Wyoming. In a note he says: “The Na- 
tional Park here is grand beyond description. I have seen a 
good many of the wonders of the world in Europe, Asia and 
America, but the phenomena of nature here are marvellous.”’ 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 1 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


MINNESOTA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- 
CIATION. 


The eighth annual meeting was held at the Metropolitan 
Hotel, St. Paul, Minn., January 12-13, 1905. 

The meeting was called to order at 2 0’clock pP. M. by Dr. 
L. Hay. Roll-call shoWed 29 members present. 

The minutes of the seventh semi-annual meeting were read, 
and, after a small correction, approved. 

Report of the Treasurer was given, and showed the Associa- 
tion in fine financial condition. The report was accepted by 
the Finance Committee and Association. 


REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 


Dr. Reynolds, as Chairman of Committee on Colleges, reecom- 
mended that the colleges should elevate the standard of their 
matriculants and lengthen the term. 

Dr. Ward gave the following report of Infectious Diseases, 
which covers a period from July 1, 1904, to January I, 1905: 
“Tuberculosis :—Number tested, 3,342 ; No. killed, 333. Gland- 
ers, No. tested, 267; No. killed, 197. Hog Cholera; during the 
past six months hog cholera has been reported to exist on but 
28 farms.” 

Committees on Bacteriology, Surgery, and Medicine, gave 
no reports. 

Dr. Ward, Chairman of Committee on Legislation and Em- 
pirics, gave a lengthy report as follows: 


REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON EMPIRICS AND LEGISLATION. 

“As chairman of the Committee on Empirics and Legisla- 
tion, I have nothing to report in the way of legislation beyond 
calling your attention to the fact that it has been customary in 
the last three or four sessions of the Legislature for some mem- 
ber to introduce a bill looking to the creating of a breach 
whereby unqualified men may crawl through into the ranks of 
the profession. I would therefore advise that the committee 
of one be increased to five members and that the chairman of 
the same, if possible, be a resident of the Twin Cities. The 
reason for this is obvious. The chairman is ina better position 
to ascertain immediately through the public press any contem- 
plated legislation, and at any time his attention is called to any 
bill which has been introduced he will be in a position to in- 


72 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


vestigate and ascertain its nature. Communication can then 
be had by him with the different members of the committee, 
whom I believe it would be advisable to have from different 
sections of the State, stating the nature of the proposed bill, 
whether it is derogatory or otherwise to the profession, request- 
ing their support or opposition by direct communication with 
their representatives. Opposition or assistance coming from 
different sections of the country, with the sarne from the Twin 
Cities, would make an apparent showing of strength. If any 
measure is introduced reopening or modifying the practice act 
it will be from the country districts. 

“ Empirics.—I have nothing to report in the way of prose- 
cution of quacks during the last six months. I recently re- 
ceived a communication from Dr. Eckles, of St. Charles, asking 
if a certain man was registered. If not, he intended to prosecute 
him for practicing. The letter was referred to Dr. C. C. Ly- 
ford, Secretary of the Examining Board, in order that any 
communication from him might have more weight in the 
prosecution. 

‘“Quacks may be divided into three classes : those who delib- 
erately set themselves up as veterinarians; those who confine 
themselves directly to dental work and advice as veterinary 
dentists; and the castrator. Convictions are only possible in 
class one. ‘The veterinary dentists as a rule travel from place 
to place and before we are aware of their doing work ina town- 
ship they may be miles away, and therefore impossible for any- 
thing to be done in the matter. Those in class three are allowed 
to perform such work under the old act, castrating and dehorn- 
ing not being counted as scientific work. It is a matter of 
great difficulty to obtain evidence that a quack is making a 
living by practicing. We find men answering calls and admin- 
istering to the wants of animals free of charge. heir action, 
it seems to me, is governed by advice of some attorney, for they 
treat an animal free of charge, asking from the owner the price 
of the medicine used in the case. If the owner pleases they 
are willing to receive a present of an amount which he may 
think the services are worth. This method of doing business 
is one which is hard to combat and an impossibility to geta 
conviction. It is a curious fact, but nevertheless true, that 
there are four times the number of empirics in the northern 
than in the southern section of the State. ‘The only reason I 
can give for this is that the southern part of the State has more 
veterinarians with a reputation extending over their entire 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. "3 


counties and oftentimes adjoining ones, for the good work 
which they perform, making it impossible for a quack to do 
any business. The people in the southern section havea better 
class of stock, are older settlers and value the services of a qual- 
ified man. In the northern section of the State there are fewer 
veterinarians, the people are in poorer circumstances, and their 
stock by no means up to the standard of excellence. There- 
fore, there is little inducement for a qualified man in such sec- 
tions. Of course we will understand that there are exceptions. 
‘In the counties bordering on North Dakota, in that part known 
as the Red River Valley, the people are practically independent 
and the veterinarians are prosperous. I do not consider that 
the profession has very much to fear regarding any increase in 
competition by quacks. One prosecution a year given wide 
publication would work a wholesome fear upon these men. In 
my opinion our profession is not as badly situated in the way 
of competition from these men as our sister, the medical pro- 
fession. "The medical profession has a large bugbear in the 
proprietary remedies which are flooding the market and which 
are so extensively advertised as to appear before the public eye 
upon all occasions. It is impossible to pick up a paper without 
glaring type meeting the eye pronouncing Ward’s liniment 
(outlawed from my family when the cure-all first appeared), 
Peruna, or some pain paint as an infallible cure for everything 
under the sun. The advertisements are couched in the most 
suggestive language, after reading which one fancies that they 
are the host of every malignant disease that is heir to mankind. 
The advertisers are, I consider, the worst parasites on the face 
of the earth. The higher priced ones, like Perunaand some 
others that could be mentioned, have little virtue except for the 
alcohol they contain. 

“Tn conclusion, I desire to-call the attention of this Associa- 
tion to the fact that this is the sixth year which I have served 
upon this committee, and I would respectfully suggest to the 
incoming President that there are gentlemen in the Association 
more capable and more deserving of recognition than I. It 
would seem to an outsider that a few of the older members of 
the Association monopolize every office. This is by no means 
right. New members deserve recoguition and newer blood 
should be infused into the services of the Association. The 
services of the older members have been in constant action 
from the time the Association was first formed, and it is there- 
fore time for such members to retire from active services, allow- 


V4 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


ing the younger ones to take up this work, the experience of the 
older ones being at their service if required. You will under- 
stand that work along one continual line year after year is apt 
to make one somewhat careless, and for the good of the profes- 
sion it is advisable to stimulate the younger members. ”’ 

Dr. J. W. Golden, Redwood Falls; Dr. W. L. Bebee, St. 
Anthony Park; Dr. M. F. Leffingwell of Austin; Dr. C. E. 
Cotton, Minneapolis ; were elected and admitted as new mem- 
bers. 

Under the head of ‘‘ Unfinished Business” came delinquent 
members. After some discussion, it was moved by Dr. Lyons, 
seconded by Dr. J. N. Gould, that all members who are in ar- 
rears to the amount of three yearly dues, be suspended. Car- 
ried. 

It was moved and seconded that the Secretary notify all 
members who are in arrears to the amount of three yearly dues, 
that they are suspended. Carried. 

Moved by Dr. Reynolds, seconded by Dr. Eckles, that the 
‘Treasurer pay to the Treasurer of the Minnesota State Veteri- 
nary Examining Board the sum of $40 to apply to the fund for 
the prosecution of empirics. Carried. 

It was the vote of the meeting that a non-graduate, with a 
State license to practice, and later becoming a graduate, must 
pass the State Veterinary Examining Board before his name 
will appear under the head of “‘ Graduates” in the ‘‘ Directory 
of Veterinary Practitioners.” 

Moved by Dr. Keyes, seconded by Dr. McKinzie, that the 
federal inspectors of South St. Paul and Austin be made hon- 
orary members of this Association, and that the Secretary notify 
them to that effect. Carried. 

The advisability of having a shorthand report of the pro- 
ceedings of our meeting was the next subject that demanded 
the attention of the Association. After some discussion, it was 
moved and seconded that the Secretary be authorized to employ 
a stenographer to report our next meeting’s proceedings, and to 
pay for such report not to exceed $20. Carried. 

Moved by Dr. Price, seconded by Dr. Lyons, that the Secre- 
tary and Local Committee be authorized to purchase a clinical 
subject for our next meeting, and the price to be nominal. Car- 
ried. 

Next in order was the election of officers, which resulted as 
follows: 

President—Dr. A. F. Lees, Red Wing. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 115) 


First Vice-President—Dr. E. L. Kalb, of Rochester. 

Second Vice-President—Dr. C. A. Mack, Stillwater. 

Secretary and Treasurer—Dr. J. G. Annand, Minneapolis. 

’ Board of Trustees—Dr. J. W. Cook, Dr. H. C. Peters, and 
Dr. J. N. Gould. 

The following committees were appointed by Dr. Lees, 
President : 

Colleges—Dr. M. H. Reynolds, Dr. S. H. Ward, and Dr. J. 
P. Foster. J/xfectious Diseases—Dr. M.S. Whitcomb. /zzan- 
ces—Dr. G. Ed. Leech. Legzslation and Empirics—Drs. C. C. 
¥ yford, C. T. Eckles, L. Hay, A. Youngberg, J. N. Gould, J. 
Mekeay, © i Cotton, R. Price, IT. Lambrecht, H. C. Peters. 
Bactertology—Dr. R. Price. .Surgery—Dr. J. P. Foster. MZedz- 
cine—Dr. J. W. Cook. Press Reports—Drs. J. G. Annand, D. 
McDonald, K. J. McKinzie. Resolutions—Drs. H. C. Lyon, O. 
W. Stanley, G. Ed. Leech. 

Meeting adjourned until 7.30 Pp. M., when the papers and 
discussions were taken up. 

Dr. Ward’s paper on “‘ Radial Paralysis ’’ created quite a dis- 
cussion. Dr. J. N. Gould gave a very interesting report of ‘A 
Case of Tetanus, with Treatment.”* Dr. J. T. Lambrecht’s 
paper on “Abuse of Repulsion of Teeth” was read by the 
Secretary, Dr. Lambrecht being absent. Dr. J. W. Cook’s paper 
on ‘‘ Examination for Soundness,” was not a paper, but a talk. 
He laid special stress on examination for corns and sidebones 
and high splints, also the teeth. 

Dr. E. L. Kalb gave a very interesting paper on colic. Dr. 
C. A. Mack gave a report of a case of ‘‘ Encephaloma of the 
Eye,”* with treatment. The Board of Directors selected Min- 
neapolis for our next meeting place in July. 


PDEGE = CEINIC? 


Meeting adjourned until 9 a. M. January 13, and assembled 
at Dr. R. Price’s Infirmary, to witness a very interesting clinic. 

No. 7.—Bay horse, draft, sick two months, very much ema- 
ciated, sweats profusely on exercise, abnorinal appetite. Diag- 
nosis, diabetes. ‘Treatment, iodine and iron. Dr. Price has 
had several of these cases this winter and all have made good 
recoveries under the iron and iodine treatment. 

No. 2.—Dog, sick two or three weeks, very much emaciated; 
refuses food and drink, nohistory. Diagnosis, poisoning. 


*Published in this number in ‘‘ Reports of Cases.”’ 
+ Will be published in a later number of the REVIEW, 


wR 


’ SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


Vo. 3.—Bay mare that fell and on arising was partially par- 
alyzed on left side, and had no control of the voluntary move- 
ments; head tilted to one side, unable to back up, later an 
eruption of the skin on the left side. Diagnosis, clot at base 
of brain. Treatment, iodide of potash and bi-chloride of mercury 
for eight weeks. Nearly recovered. 

No. 4.—Bay horse that had fallen in the street and when he 
was got up had lost partial control of his hind parts. At the clinic, 
he was quite lame in the left hind limb. Hip had been blistered 
with some beneficial results. When driven would lose control 
of that limb ; quite sensitive along the spine. Diagnosis, con- 
cussion of the spine. 

No. 5.—Grey horse, became suddenly lame, difficulty in plac- 
ing carpus. Diagnosis, fracture of the trapezium. ‘Treatment, 
rest and blister ; recovery, a little knee sprung. 

No. 6.—Black gelding, operated on by Dr. L. Hay for neu- 
roma of external plantar nerve, following a previous low opera- 
tion. At the end of eight days Dr. Price reported healing by 
first intention. J,ameness has almost completely disappeared. 

No. 7.—Sorrel mare, plantar neurectomy, performed by Dr. 
Annand for the relief of lameness following removal of lateral 
cartilage six months previous on account of a quittor. Dr. 
Price reports later, saying, primary healing, no suppuration, 
lameness completely gone. 

, Vo. 8.—Black gelding, suppuration and fistulous wound dis- 
charging above the coronet at the inner quarter of the left front 
foot ; threatened quittor; Dr. Hay, operator. Removed the wall 
of the quarter affected, making a free opening under the coro- 
nary band connecting with the supra-coronary abscess in order 
to secure drainage ; it was then thoroughly curetted. Dr. Price 
reports, January 23, that the case has done splendidly; the 
supra-coronary abscess healed rapidly and suppuration from both 
wounds is only that from the surface of the granulations of re- 
pair. The sinuses were healed without suppuration, when the 
bandages were removed three days later; the lameness eight 
days later, had completely disappeared at a walking gait. 

No. 9.—Female dog, umbilical hernia ; Dr. Price, operator ; 
the hernial sac being laid bare by incisions through the skin 
and abdominal tunic. ‘The sac itself was incised and adhesions 
looked for, but, none being present, the sac was excised, the per- 
itoneum, abdominal tunic and skin were brought together with 
wire sutures. Dr. Price reports at the end of eight days the su- 
tures were removed, healing being completed and the hernia 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. eT 


found to be removed. The patient is rapidly gaining in flesh. 
Previous to the operation she was poor and unthrifty. 
No. 10.—Dr. K. J. McKinzie passed the Miller stomach tube 
successfully and washed out the stomach of the horse. 
J. G. ANNAND, Secretary. 


MICHIGAN STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- 
CYACTION. 


The 23d annual meeting of this Association convened in 
Parlor “‘ A,” Downey House, Lansing, Feb. 7, at 1.30 P. M., Dr. 
H. M. Gohn, President, in the chair. 

Roll-cali showed the following members present: Drs. S. 
Brenton, J. Black, G. H. Carter, James Drury, William Jopling, 
Geo. C. Moody, J. C. Whitney, H. S. Smith, Robertson Muir, 
Hal L. Bellinger, J. S. Donald, F. M. Blachford, C. L. Jones, T. 
G. Duff, H. M. Gohn, James Harrison, J. J. Joy, R. W. McDon- 
ald, W. H. Erwin, D. G. Sutherland, C. A. Waldron, Thomas 
Palmer, W.S. Hamilton, C.-C. Slight, S. M. Mizer, J. B. Stev- 
ens (27). Honorary members present: Drs. Jos. Hawkins, and 
W. A. Giffin (2). Visitors present: Drs. Fred. F. Consaul, Mt. 
Pleasant; A. B. Sexmith, South Lyons; C. C. Dauber, Sturgis ; 
C. C. Mix, Coldwater ; William M. Morris, Cass City ; Prof. D. 
King Smith, O. V. C., Toronto (6). 

The President delivered his address, which was attentively 
listened to. The following is the full text of 


PRESIDENT GOHN’S ADDRESS. 


“Jt is not my purpose at the present time to inflict upon 
you any lengthy address. I have appreciated the honor you 
conferred upon mea year ago by electing me to fill this office 
for a second time. 

““I hope the Legislative Committee will not think I have 
attempted to interfere with their duties, but I feel that this is a 
proper time for me to make a statement to the membership of 
this Association with regard to the success of our past legisla- 
tion and our needs for future. 

“Six years ago we succeeded in placing on the statute 
books a law governing the use of the title ‘ Veterinary Surgeon,’ 
‘Veterinarian,’ etc. This law was solely to prevent the use of 
such titles by any person who either did not hold a diploma 
from a regular veterinary college having a course of two ses- 
sions of six months each or did not pass an examination before 


ad 
‘ 


io 8) 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


the State E Board. This ae has not been enforced as it should be. 

‘““Tnasmuch as this Association was the author of the exist- 
ing law, it seems that it should have long ago taken steps to 
provide for its enforcement. A committee on prosecutions 
should be appointed or some officer of the Association should 
be empowered to draw on the treasury to pay expenses of pros- 
ecution and authorize some agent to act. ‘The law has been 
effective in preventing the use of the title by many non-gradu- 
ates, but many complaints yet reach me of violations of the law 
by such. The Board has never considered it a part of their duties 
to prosecute offenders, but have held that this was the duty of 
local officials on complaint being made to them. On this point 
I would like to read a circular letter issued to the profession in 
New Jersey by the State Board [see AM. VET. REVIEW, Sef- 
tember, 1904, page 618). 

“When I received my appointment to the State Board, Aug. 
10, 1902, some applications of graduates of the Grand Rapids 
Veterinary College were being held up subject to inquiry. An 
examination into the methods of this institution having been 
asked for, Hon. Delos Fall appointed a Visiting Committee, as 
provided for by law, to conduct a thorough investigation of its 
courses of study, corps of instructors and everything that would 
throw any light on its standing as compared with other institu- 
tions. This was done and the report is on file in the Depart- 
ment of Public Instruction. 

‘The State Board called on Attorney-General Blair for an 
opinion as to whether or not they had discretionary power to de- 
termine whether this institution was entitled to be classed as 
regular. Hesaid we had. ‘The Board basing its action on the 
report spoken of, and the Attorney-General’s opinion, decided to 
refuse to register graduates of the Grand Rapids Veterinary 
College. 

“ During last summer a complaint was made against one of 
their graduates for illegal advertising, whereupon mandamus 
proceedings were commenced to compel us to register him and 
to admit Grand Rapids graduates to register without exam- 
ination. Our attorney contended that we had discretionary 
power, but the Supreme Court ruled to the contrary. (Extract 
from ruling of Supreme Court read at this point. ) 

“This is a point in the present law that should be amended 
to give the Board this discretionary power and the opinion of 
the Supreme Court makes it quite plain just what change is 
needed to do this. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 79 


“This is only one of many cases of institutions which the 
Board has had to pass on. 

“ Our experiences with attempts at legislation in the past 
have convinced me that legislators will neither ignore the rights 
of such non-graduates nor the wishes of their constituents who 
cannot secure the services of a registered veterinarian, and Iam 
informed that there are many sections in this State where such 
a condition exists. 

“T realize that my views may not meet with the approval of 
all, but I have been ina position to give the matter considerable 
thought, and deem it a duty to express my conclusions here. 

“Tt has been suggested at one or two previous meetings that 
a press committee be appointed by this Association. Reporters 
generally visit us during our meetings and the advantage of 
such a committee must be evident. Reporters would receive 
from the committee authentic information instead of having to 
inquire of individual members and perhaps missing entirely the 
most important matters before us. The published reports of 
our proceedings would be made to convey a more correct idea of 
the objects and methods of our Association. 

“‘T have here an ‘ad’ of a Veterinary Correspondence School : 
‘Veterinary Course at Home. $1,200 year and upwards can 
be made taking our Veterinary Course at home during spare 
time; taught in simplest English; Diploma granted, positions 
obtained for successful students ; cost within reach of all ; satis- - 
faction guaranteed ; particulars free. Ontario Veterinary Cor- 
respondence Schoo!, Dept. 9, London, Canada.’ 

‘We have had several applications for registration on their 
diplomas. 

“Many interesting things relating to the institutions grant- 
ing veterinary degrees in America may be found by reading 
Dr. Lyford’s ‘Report on Colleges and Education,’ published in 
the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW of October, 1903 ; report 
of the Committee on Intelligence and Education of the A. V. 
M. A., 1904, detailing the results of investigations of 20 institu- 
tions, to all of which acircular letter was addressed to secure in- 
formation as to their courses. One significant feature of this 
was that many, probably for reasons satisfactory to themselves, 
had no information to give. Dr. Liautard, in a paper on 
‘Needed Reforms in Veterinary Education,’ discusses very thor- 
oughly the standing of different colleges. I have mentioned 
these things to show that there is a general awakening to the 
need of more uniformity in veterinary colleges, as well as rea- 


80 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


~« 


son to scrutinize closely the advertised and actual courses of such 
institutions and to give an idea of trials of veterinary boards 
without having added to them that of prosecuting committee. 

“Tt might not be out of place at this time to state that the 
able report of Dr. Jopling, as Chairman of the Committee of In- 
telligence and Education, a year ago, while calling forth criti- 
cism from some interested parties whom he scored, has been com- 
mended by the Committee on Intelligence and Education of the 
A. V. M. A. in their report to that body. 

‘“ Further changes in the present law for registration that I 
believe would prove to be for the good of the profession are: 

“7, An applicant for registration must be a graduate of a 
school with a three-year course. 

“2, Men, not graduates, who have been practising say I0 
years, should be exempted from the penalty for practising, but 
I would not want this exemption to go so far as to give them 
the right to use the title V. S., which should belong only to col- 
lege graduates or those passing an examination before the State 
Board. 

“The first change suggested may sound strange—coming 
from a graduate of a two-year school and being addressed to 
many other such graduates, but all will agree with me that the 
last few years have broadened the scope of veterinary work, par- 
ticularly since the proper position of the veterinarian as a sani- 
tarian isrecognized. The study of bacteriology and its proper 
application to sanitary work calls for more laboratory work than 
is possible to get in a two-year course. All graduates of two- 
year institutions holding front rank in the profession have done 
so by persistent and hard study since graduation. Michigan 
should not be the last to demand higher qualifications, since, with 
advanced legislation in other States, ours will become the mecca 
for those crowded out of others. I can assure you the Board 
has already seen signs of such a pilgrimage. When we go to 
the legislators let us not handicap ourselves by trying to legis- 
late out of business many men who perhaps have for years been 
the only ones in their respective communities who could be 
reached when assistance was needed. If such a clause had been 
incorporated into a bill ten years ago it might have passed, and 
we would not now have so large a class to exempt, and the po- 
sition of the registered veterinarian would have: gained much 
from it. I believe our Legislative Committee will take some 
steps along these lines, and I appeal to the members to aid them 
in every way possible. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 81 


‘Many of you have no doubt noticed how much time in all 
is occupied at our different sessions in calling the roll of mem- 
bership. It would not only save time, but would aid our Sec- 
retary if we should adopt a system of registering by card or in 
a book provided for that purpose. Such a system is in use in 
the AYN .M.: A. 

‘‘ While the papers read at our meetings are of great value, 
we frequently obtain the most benefit from the practical discus- 
sions. Our Secretary has made a start in the right direction in 
arranging for short talks on practical topics, to be followed by 
discussions. Might we not do weil to also set aside a portion 
of our time for members to bring before us matters of interest 
which would not properly come under the head of any set pa- 
per or practical talk?” 

Minutes of the meetings of Feb. 2 and 3, 1904, were read 
and approved, after correction. 

Applications accompanied by the required fees were received 
from the following gentlemen : Wim. Coxe, Mayville (O. V. C., 
1888), vouchers, T. G. Duff, J. Black. Fred F. Consaul, Mt. 
Pleasant (O. V. C., 1904), vouchers, W. E. Adams, J. J. Walk- 
ington. A. B. Sexmith, South Lyons (O. V. C., 1904), vouch- 
ers, 5. Brenton, W. L. Brenton. C.C. Dauber, Strugis, (O. V. 
C. 1904), vouchers, P. Radebaugh, M. D., S. Brenton. C. C. 
Mix, Coldwater, (O. V. C. 1904), vouchers, W. L. Brenton, S. 
Brenton. Wm. M. Morris, Cass City, (O. V. C. 1895), vouch- 
ets, D: G. Sutherland; J. Black. 

The applications were referred to the Executive Committee, 
who immediately had a session. The Secretary reported for 
the Committee, who recommended the admission of all of the 
above named applicants. It was moved and supported that the 
rules be suppended and the Secretary cast the vote of the Asso- 
ciation in favor of the applicants. The Secretary then cast the 
ballot as ordered, and the President announced that Drs. Coxe, 
Consaul, Sexmith, Dauber, Mix and Morris were now members 
of the M.S. V. M. A. 

Correspondence was read from absent members, and from 
others upon business matters. Upon motion they were received 
and filed. 

Dr. F. C. Wells, Chairman of Legislative Committee, being 
absent, the members of the Committee present requested more 
time in which to make a report. Request granted. 

Moved and supported that the Chair appoint a Press Com- 
mittee whose duties shall be to censor newspaper reports of this 


2 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


Dp 


meeting. Carried. The President appointed Drs. Giffin, Jop- 
ling and Whitney, as such committee. 

Dr. Jopling, Chairman of Committee on Intelligence and 
Education, said that there was not much to add to his report of 
last year. 

Dr. H. F. Palmer, Chairman, being absent in the Western 
States for P., D. & Co., the Committee on Diseases made‘no re- 
port. 

Dr. S. Brenton, Chairman of the Finance Committee, report- 
ing upon the Secretary-Treasurer’s annual report said that the 
books of that officer were found to be correct and showed a bal- 
ance on hand of $36.83. 

Moved and supported that the Finance Committee’s report 
be accepted and that orders be drawn on the Treasurer for the 
amounts due. Carried. 

Drs. Joy, Dunphy, Sutherland and Black reported for the 
Legislative Committee and recommended that the question of 
the insertion of a time clause be left to the Chairman of the 
Committee. Also that instead of our whole committee appear- 
ing before the Committee on State Affairs, that the Chairman 
be authorized to appear and spend what time he deemed neces- 
sary among the members of the Legislature, and that he be paid 
for his time and expenses. Also that the bill providing for the 
appointment of a State Veterinarian (House Bill No. 154) had 
been introduced by Rep. Morrice and urged the membership to 
put forth every effort with their Representatives to have this 
bill become a law. 

Discussing the Committee’s report Dr. J. B. Stevens gave 
an excellent talk upon the advisability of doing our utmost to 
have the latter bill passed. Others advised the same bill be 
pushed, and some others thought our practice bill should have 
the precedence, but the major portion of the membership 
thought the most important measure before the Legislature 
was the Bill affecting the Sanitary Commission (House Bill 
No. 154). 

Evening Session.—Dr. G. W. Dunphy’s subject ‘The Ben- 
efit of Changing the Constituents of the Blood in Certain Dis- 
eases by Intravenous Injections,” created much interest. He 
said among other things that an animal in a state of complete 
collapse from hzemorrhage received an intravenous injection of 
a saline solution and in the course of 20 minutes was lying up- 
on its sternum, and ina little while afterwards was on its feet. 
In certain diseases, ptomaines that were found in the blood be- 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 83 


fore treatment, were nearly absent after the taking of about six 
quarts of blood, and injection of a gallon of saline solution. In 
diseases such as purpura, influenza, and diseases where altera- 
tions of the blood are known to occur, bleed, and then inject 
saline solution. He predicted that this would become a very 
beneficial addition to our veterinary therapeutics. On accouut 
of shortage of material experiments are not yet fully developed. 

Dr. Jopling : 1 would like to ask the Doctor how he injects 
the solution ? 

Dr. Dunphy: At P., D. & Co’s. we have special appliances 
for injections, but a simple method that can be used and which 
is always at hand is an ordinary canula which can be inserted 
in the jugular and can be connected by a rubber tube 12 to 18 
inches long with a glass funnel into which the solution can be 
carefully poured. We use a teaspoonful of salt to a gallon of 
sterilized water. 

Dr. Whitney: What has been your success in treating pur- 
pura with this treatment ? 

Dr. Dunphy: Vhave only treated two cases in this way, one 
of which was considered hopeless, and proved to be so. ‘The 
other made the quickest aud perhaps most satisfactory recovery 
I ever saw. 

Dr. Black: You would consider this ¢ke treatment in cases 
of collapse from accidental or other hzemorrhage? 

Dr. Dunphy : 1 consider it a sheet anchor in those cases. 

Dr. Nobles reported excellent results in the treatment of 
parturient paresis with the saline injection. 

Dr. Ward : 1 would like to ask Dr. Dunphy if he would ad- 
vise the injections in tetanus ? 

Dr. Dunphy: I think it would be a good thing in addition 
to the antitetanic serum. 

Dr. Waldron reported a rapid cure from tetanus by antite- 
tanic serum. 

Dr. Nobles reported a cure by hypodermatic injection of 
carbolic acid solution. 

Dr. Armour a cure in a cow by the same method. 

Dr. Gohn also reported a cure, one-drachm doses of a 50 
per cent. solution (carbolic acid). 

Dr. Dunphy said that some individuals can stand much 
stronger doses of the antitetanic serum than others, owing toa 
stronger resistance. He stated that it was much cheaper than 
formerly. 

Dr. Bellinger reported two fatal cases of tetanus, one treated 


84 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


with a 50 per cent. solution of carbolic acid and glycerine and 
water and the other with the serum. 

Dr. Gohn ; Gentlemen, you have wandered from the subject, 
but your discussion has been very instructive. 

Dr. Giffin moved and Dr. Harrison supported that we as an 
Association condemn the antagonistic attitude of the Live Stock 
Sanitary Commission towards the farmers and owners of stock. 
Carried after a spirited discussion. 

Moved and supported that a Committee on Resolutions be 
appointed. Carried. 

Prof. Marshall, of the M. A. C., delivered his paper at this 
time upon the ‘‘ Hygienic Side of Breeding,” which was well 
received and much appreciated. 

Moved and supported that Prof. Marshall be extended a vote 
of thanks for his able paper. Carried. 

Dr. McDonald then read his paper on ‘ Peculiar Diseases of 
Sheep.” Drs. Dunphy, Gohn and Waldron discussed the feed- 
ing problem which was brought out in the paper. Dr. Mix re- 
ported cases similar to McDonald’s which were attributed to 
feeding. 

Dr. Giffin’s paper on “Veterinary Dentistry ” came next. 
The Doctor, who is now practicing human dentistry, was per- 
fectly familiar with his subject. 

Prof. D. King Smith extended greetings from the Ontario 
Veterinary Association and the O. V. C. In the course of his 
talk he said that the college was endeavoring to get Government 
protection for extending its term to three years, as they were 
unable to do under the present conditions, as it would practical- 
ly put them out of business, and would give opportunities to 
start two-year schools that would not be reputable. 

Moved and supported that the President appoint a committee 
to confer with Gov. Warner relative to the appointment of a 
State Veterinarian to succeed Dr. Wells, who has resigned his 
position. Carried. Drs. S. Brenton, Smith and Morris were 
named. 


WEDNESDAY, FEB. 8TH, 1905—9.30 A. M. 


Roll-call showed the following present, in addition to those 
present on the 7th inst.: Drs. C. C. Petty, H. M. Armour, W. 
L. Brenton, Wm. J. Rook, J. E. Ward, D. Cummings, H. Wynn 
Nobles, Geo. D. Gibson, John Russel, G. W. Dunphy, A. Mc- 
Kercher. Honorary member: Prof. Marshall. 

Dr. Giffin spoke of the deficiency in the State law regarding 


Or 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 8 


——~s 


the docking of horses. The question was referred to the Com- 
mittee on Resolutions, who reported as follows : 

‘WHEREAS, The present law in force in the State of Michi- 
gan in relation to the docking of horses is very stringent, there- 
fore, be it 

“« Resolved, That this Association in regular session assembled 
do hereby request the Legislature to so amend said law so as to 
allow the docking of horses in cases deemed necessary by a quali- 
fied veterinarian on account of accidents, disease or vicious 
habits.” 

Moved and supported that the above resolution be adopted. 
Carried. 

_ Dr.. Hawkins spoke of the indiscriminate indorsing of patent 
nostrums by members of the veterinary profession. The condi- 
tion was deplored, but no further action was taken. 

J. C. Whitney’s talk upon ‘‘ Some of Those Cases of Alleged 
Malpractice that Come Occasionally to Every Medical Practi- 
tioner,” brought out a very good discussion. He recommended 
that every veterinarian keep a record of cases as protection 
against malpractice suits. Mistakes were often made by hasty 
diagnosis and carelessness. The censure usually comes from 
outsiders, but it is not always the case. 

Dr. D. King Smith said that veterinarians should when they 
see a mistake being made or that has been made, to try and pro- 
tect their fellow practitioner instead of stabbing him, as is very 
often done. 

Dr. Muir spoke of a fracture as the result of casting. 

Dr. Harrison spoke of a case of laceration of the tongue re- 
sulting from the use of a gag in a case of choke, which was the 
cause of much annoyance and worry. 

Drs. Hawkins, Armour, Stevens and others participated in 
this discussion. 

Dr. D. King Smith spoke of a society organized among the 
medical men of Ontario, for the protection of each in cases of 
alleged malpractice. 

Representative Morrice, who introduced and is pushing our 
sanitary bill, was a welcome guest. He spoke of the chances of 
our bill and of the character of the House, and said that he saw 
no reason, at this time, why it should not pass the House. 

Mrs. Austin, widow of a member of our Association, was 
requested to send her deceased husband’s instruments to our 
meeting for disposal. She did so, and Dr. Joy auctioned them 
off toa good advantage and procured for them a sum really 


6 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


io 8) 


more than was anticipated, which was turned over to the Sec- 
retary to send to Mrs. Austin. 

Drs. S. Brenton and H. S. Smith, two of the committee who 
were requested to call on the Governor, reported that Gov. War- 
ner wished the Association to send him three names from which 
he would select a State Veterinarian. Moved and supported 
that the report of the committee be accepted. Carried. 

Dr. Hawkins was selected for first choice, Dr. Duff for sec- 
ond, Dr. Waldron for third. 

Moved and supported that Dr. Wells’s fees as representative 
of this Association in behalf of our bills at the Legislature be 
paid from the general fund. Carried. Moved and supported 
that a special assessment of $2.00 upon each member be levied 
to reimburse the general fund from which our legislative ex- 
penses are to be paid. Carried. 

Moved and supported that the election of officers be proceed- 
ed with. Carried. Drs. Joy and Harrison were appointed tell- 
ers. Dr. H. S. Smith, of Albion, was nominated for the office 
of President. 

As there were no further nominations it was moved and sup- 
ported that the rules be suspended and that the Secretary cast 
the ballot of the Association for Dr. H. S. Smith for President. 
The Secretary cast the ballot as directed and the President de- 
clared Dr. Smith elected. 

Drs. James Harrison and J. B. Stevens were nominated for 
First Vice-President. The tellers passed the ballot with the re- 
sult that Dr. Harrison received 18 votes, Dr. Stevens 13. The 
President declared Dr. Harrison elected. 

Dr. J. B. Stevens being the only nominee for the office of 
Second Vice-President, the Secretary was ordered to cast the 
ballot for him. This was done. The President then declared 
Dr. Stevens elected. 

Dr. TI. G. Duff being the only nominee for the office of Third 
Vice-President, the Secretary was ordered to cast the ballot for 
him. The President declared Dr. Duff elected. 

The same procedure was followed and Dr. J. Black was 
elected Secretary-Treasurer. 

Dr. W. S. Hamilton gave a very instructive talk on the sub- 
ject of ‘‘ How to Treat a Prolonged Case of Colic,” which was 
followed by an interesting discussion, especially upon the rela- 
tive merits of barium chloride and eserin, the former being very 
highly spoken of by Drs. Stevens and Carter. Dr. Stevens had 
P., D. & Co. put up the barium in tablet form, which he said 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 8% 


was much more soluble than the crystals and more pleasant to 
handle. The Doctor will send a number of these tablets to any 
one who may desire it, as he had forgotten the number when at 
the meeting. 

On account of a lack of time, Dr. S. Brenton’s and Dr. H. S. 
Smith’s papers had to be dispensed with. 

President H. S. Smith, after a neat little speech, thanking 
the Association for the honor they conferred upon him, an- 
nounced the following committees : 

Intelligence and Educatton—Drs. Wm. Jopling, S. M. Mizer, 
Thos. Farmer. 

Diseases—Drs. Geo. W. Dunphy, W. S. Hamilton, Prof. 
Chas. E. Marshall. 

Finance—Dts. H. Wynn Nobles, Fred F. Consaul, C. C. 


Petty. 
Legislatton—Drs. F. C. Wells, H. M. Gohn, J. Black. 
Adjournment. J. BLack, Secretary. 


CALIFORNIA SLATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- 
CIATION. 
( Abstracted from the Western Veterinarian, ) 

The annual meeting was held on Wednesday, December 14, 
1904, in San Francisco, and was called to order by the Presi- 
dent, Dr. Chas. H. Blemer. Roll-call showed the following 
members present: Drs. Spencer, Sr., Browning, Blemer, Spen- 
cer, Jr., Keane, Fox, Faulkner, Creely, Williams, Haring, Quin- 
lan, McMurray, Ward, Somers, Hoffman, Brady, McLain, Mc- 
Carthy, Defoe, Jackson, Eddy, Danielsen, Welsh, Archibald, 
Shaw, Hogarty, Kracker, Egan, Donnelly, Locke, Boomer, 
Steers, Sorenson, Sullivan, Galvin, Boyle, Carroll and Fisher. 
Honorary members: Mr. Fred J. Sinclair and I. B. Dalziel. 
Visitors: Drs. Glassen, Nielsen, Gordon, Halton and Gresswell. 

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and ap- 
proved. 

Reports from the Secretary and Treasurer showed the Asso- 
ciation to be in a very prosperous condition, not only as re- 
gards its membership, but also financially. 

The Board of Examiners reported favorably on the applica- 
tions of Drs. Robert B. Boyle, E. M. Haring, and J. C. Quinlan. 
After considerable discussion regarding the report of the Board, 
it was finally adopted as read, and the above-named gentlemen 
were elected to membership. 

The Chairman of the Committee on Judiciary, after a few 


be 


io 8) 
io 6) 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


preliminary remarks, read the following financial statement and 
suggestions : 

“ Vr. President and Members of the California State Vet- 
erinary Medical Association: Your Committee on Judiciary 
beg leave to report as follows: The financial statement attached 
shows that $530 was subscribed, of which sum $410 was col- 
lected ; $324.05 was expended for various purposes, leaving a 
balance of $85.95 in the hands of the committee. 

‘“‘ We presume it is unnecessary to goover, in detail, the work 
accomplished by the committee, as the minutes of your meetings 
for the past year and the pages of the Western Veterinarian 
will show what has been done. 

“As this may be the final report of the present committee, 
we deem it timely to make a few suggestions. 

“We would suggest that the members of the profession, 
more particularly of this Association, show less apathy in mat- 
ters pertaining to the prosecution of illegal practitioners. We 
would also suggest that in taking an interest in such matters it 
is much better to ventilate their ideas in open meeting than it 
is to hold secret conclaves, where innuendoes, insinuations, and 
serious accusations are freely indulged in regarding the action 
or lack of action on the part of your committee. 

“ Your committee has at all times invited open criticism 
and suggestions on the part of the members of the Association, 
but we suggest that the interests of the Association and the vet- 
erinary profession at large are not subserved by secret caucus- 
ing and attendant vilification on the part of a few members (ac- 
tive and honorary), against the members of your judiciary 
committee, whose work has been arduous, disagreeable and at 
the same time of a very thankless nature. 

‘“‘ Your committee realizes with some satisfaction that adverse 
criticism is only indulged in by a few members of the Associa- 
tion and others not members, but claiming to have the interests 
of the profession at heart, who have never been identified with 
any movement for the benefit or the betterment of the profession 
and their fellow-members, but rather individuals who may at 
all times be depended upon to go around in a secret, sneaking, 
and underhand way, endeavoring to besmirch the character of 
those who. have and are always laboring for the elevation and 
advancement of the veterinary profession. 

“ The committee do not wish it understood that it is depressed 
or discouraged by these adverse criticisms, but only desire to 
make passing mention of the same in order to give you some 


SOCIETY MEETINGS, 89 
idea of the obstacles it has had to contend with in the perform- 
ance of its duties. Such handicaps must be and always have 
been a prominent feature of any work or movement in behalf of 
the profession, and usually arises in the jealous imaginations of 
some individuals who are neither a credit to themselves, the vet- 
erinary profession, nor the communities in which they are loca- 
ted. 

“The committee has one apology to offer, and that is the 
lack of results obtained; but when you gentlemen take into 
consideration the fact that all the members of your committee 
are busy and successful practitioners, and the further fact that 
the law regulating any profession is difficult to enforce, it can be 
readily understood by those whose minds are not prejudiced by 
malice and emulation that the results obtained have been, un- 
der the circumstances, generous indeed. 

“Tn conclusion, as chairman of your Committee on Judici- 
ary, I wish to thank the members of the profession who have 
given us their financial and moral support, and to especially ex- 
press my appreciation of the noble assistance afforded me by 
each and every member of the committee. I further wish to 
state that while I have served in the past on many committees 
for this Association, I have never yet had the honor of serving 
on acommittee in which individual members have worked more 
harmoniously, in spite of some of the unpleasant features al- 
ready referred to. 

“ Trusting that our efforts on your behalf have met with the 
approval and endorsement of the decent element of the profes- 
sion in this State, I have the honor to be, Yours most respect- 
fully, R. A. ARCHIBALD, 

‘< Chairman of Committee on Judiciary,” 

After some discussion, in which one or two members en- 
deavored to deal in personalities, the report of the Committee 
on Judiciary was adopted. 

The following applications for membership were read and 
referred to the Board of Examiners for investigation: Dr. G. 
F. Gordan, graduate of the San Francisco Veterinary College, 
and Dr. S. Glasson, graduate of the American Veterinary Col- 
lege. 

Dr. H. A. Spencer took the floor, and stated that as the 
election of officers for the ensuing year was the next order of 
business, he thought that those who were in arrears for dues 
should not be permitted to vote; consequently he would move 
that a recess be taken to allow those who were in arrears to 


90 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


place themselves in good standing with the Secretary. The 
motion was duly seconded and carried, and resulted in the ad- 
dition of about fifty dollars to the treasury. 

Following the recess, the President declared election of off- 
cers in order, and resulted as follows: 

President—Dr. R. A. Archibald. 

Vice-President—Dr. Faulkner. 

Secretary—Dr. P. H. Browning. 

Treasurer—Dr. W. F. Egan. 

Board of Examiners—Drs. H. A. Spencer, Sr., D. F. Fox, 
and 3. J. Creely. 

Upon taking the chair, Dr. Archibald made a few remarks, 
‘ in which he thanked the members for the honor done him. He 
stated that as the hour was getting late, he would put off mak- 
ing any address until the next meeting. 

The President called upon Dr. Carroll, who responded by 
reading a very interesting and instructive essay upon ‘“‘ Mallein 
asa Curative Agent in the Treatment of Glanders.” The hour 
being too late to permit the subject being discussed, the Presi- 
dent appointed Drs. Keane, Welsh and Defoe to discuss the 
subject matter at the next meeting. 

Drs. Keane, Boomer and Shaw being the only other mem- 
bers present who were down on the programme for papers, were 
called upon in turn, but excused themselves on the plea that 
press of business matters, etc., prevented them preven any- 
thing for the meeting. 

Dr. H. A. Spencer, as usual, had something good ae his 
sleeve, which he sprung under the head of “ What Queer 
Things We See When We Haven’t Got a Gun,” and which 
contained several suggestions which might be seriously consid- 
ered by some of the members with considerable advantage to 
themselves and their fellow-members. The discussion of Dr. 
Spencer’s paper was also postponed until the next meeting. 

The President brought up the subject matter of a meeting 
place and the most favorable time for holding meetings. He 
stated that the matter should be decided by the Association as 
a body and should not be left to one or two officers who could 
hardly be expected to make arrangements that would be satis- 
factory to all who attended the meetings. After considerable 
discussion, in which Drs. Gresswell, Carroll, Danielsen, Fox, 
and others joined, it was finally moved that hereafter the meet- 
ings be called for 2 Pp. M. at such quarters as could be suitably 
obtained by the President and Secretary. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 91 


Charges of unprofessional conduct were preferred against 
Dr. Ward B. Rowland by Dr. Charles H. Blemer. They were 
referred by the President to the Board of Directors for investiga- 
tion. 

The President appointed the following as essayists for the 
next meeting: Drs. Shaw, Dawdy, Boomer and Danielsen. 

There being no further business, the meeting adjourned to 
meet in San Francisco on Wednesday, March 8, 1905, at 2 P.M. 


*K * 

The regular quarterly meeting was held in San Francisco, 
March 8th, 1905, in Room 1000, Palace Hotel, with the follow- 
ing members present: Drs. Haring, Hoffman, Shaw, Boyle, 
Dawdy, Spencer, Sr., Hogarty, Creely, Blemer, Archibald, Fox, 
Keane, Somers, Sinclair, Faulkner, Quinlan, Jackson, Fisher, 
Williams, and Browning. 

The meeting was called to order by President Archibald, 
and the minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. 

The Board of Examiners reported favorably on the applica- 
tions of Drs. Glasson and Gordon. 

Dr. Archibald, as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, 
gave areport of the work, which was very creditably accepted, 
and a special vote of thanks was tendered Drs. Fox and Keane, 
of Sacramento, for their efforts in defeating the ‘“‘ Drew Bill” 
and successfully carrying the ‘‘ County Bill.” 

Drs. Segsworth, Brady, Mathers and Outhier made applica- 
tion for membership in the Association. 

At the last meeting Dr. T. A. Carroll read a paper on “ Mal- 
lein as a Curative Agent,” and for lack of time discuSsion was 
deferred to next meeting, and as Dr. Carroll was absent Dr. 
Keane was appointed to defend the essay, which he did ina 
very able manner, and after a very interesting discussion it was 
the opinion of every member present that there is “ nothing to 
1 

Dr. C. A. Dawdy next read a thoroughly practical and very 
instructive paper on “‘ Verminous Bronchitis,” as he found it in 
practice, and an interesting discussion followed. 

Dr. J. W. Shaw, after ten years’ practice in Honolulu, but 
now of San Francisco, read a most interesting paper entitled 
“ Comparative Conditions of Veterinary Practice in Hawaiian Is- 
lands,” which was well received by the members present. 

Dr. L. A. Danielson, who was next on the programme, was 
conspicuous by his absence, but sent a carefully prepared paper 
on “ Tuberculin,’ which was read by the Secretary, and this 


92 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


being a subject of most vital importance and one that every vet- 
erinarian is more or less (less) familiar with, brought forth a 
long and heated discussion, but no blows were struck except from 
the mouth. 

The following essayists were appointed for the next meeting, 
which will be held June 14th, 1905: Drs. Haring, Hogarty, 
Welsh and Faulkner. 

After transacting some routine business, the meeting ad- 
journed. P. H. BROWNING, Secretary. 


IOWA-NEBRASKA VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- 
CEM iN: 


The meeting was called to order by the Chairman, H. E. Tal- 
bot, on October 4, at 4 P. M.,in the Board of Education Rooms, 
City Hall, Omaha, Nebr., with a large attendance of members. 

After the reading of the minutes the President favored the 
Association with the annual address, which was listened to with 
great interest, and was as follows : 


PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. 
“ Gentlemen and Fellow-Practitioners : 7 

‘Upon this, the occasion of the sixth annual meeting of the 
Iowa-Nebraska Veterinary Association, I wish to welcome you 
as you gather again to our council halls and tocommend in you 
that spirit of advancement which brings you together year after 
year for your own betterment and for the good of the dumb 
beast which suffereth, but complaineth not. ° 

‘Rach year seems but to strengthen your determination to 
seek for those qualities which ennoble and which lift the exist- 
ence of the veterinarian above the ievel which his kind has so 
long occupied. In this tendency I see the light of the future 
salvation which awaits our noble profession, the guiding star 
which shall lead us out of darkness into light. 

‘Tn this section of the country, at least, the time has long 
since passed when a man could give a horse a dose of colic med- 
icine and pose as a first-class practitioner. Advancement in the 
line of medical and scientific research has carried with it added 
requirements, and the man who to-day ministers to the welfare 
of the dumb brute is usually a man who has spent years in the 
study of his needs and whose earnest desire is to relieve the suf- 
fering and better the condition of the animals which are placed 
under his care. : 

‘In ages past society was prone to regard the man who ad- 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 93 


ministered to its beasts as nothing better than a menial, a man 
fit only for the association of servants, and the fact that it was 
a vocation so regarded doubtless kept many of the best minds 
from embarking in its study. 

‘To-day, however, the scene has changed and in the near 
future I can see the skilled veterinarian a man of consequence in 
his community, whose opinion is eagerly sought and heeded 
and whose abilities will be appreciated at their true worth. 

“For this change we have first to thank the veterinarian 
who has realized the added requirements which better breeding 
and the increased value of stock have imposed upon him and 
who has risen to the occasion and fitted himself to meet these 
requirements. 

‘“‘In the second place we must thank the great leaders of our 
profession, men whose lives have been one never-ending cain- 
_paign of education for the masses, an education which is teach- 
ing them the need of better conditions and is impressing upon 
them the fact that the skilled veterinary practitioner of to-day 
no more resembles the common ‘ hoss-doctor’ of yesterday than 
the Kentucky thoroughbred resembles a broken-down cart 
horse. 

“I wish, however, to call your attention to a phase of the 
veterinarian’s practice which is seldom referred to, but which, in 
my opinion, overshadows all others. First, a veterinarian should 
be a man, and, second, a good fellow. Too much emphasis can- 
not be given this latter admonition if you would be a success 
and a power in your community. The community wants its 
servant to be a man, and in addition to that he must thoroughly 
understand his business, but here let me say that in my opinion 
the man who the most thoroughly understands his business is 
the man who treats the owner as well as the patient. To use a 
slang phrase, often heard, ‘Be a Mixer!’ Make it your busi- 
ness to be agreeable, always remembering that if the stock-own- 
er likes you the chances are ten to one that he will like your 
treatment. Remember that a mixture of manliness, good humor 
and common-sense is often more efficient than your most valued 
prescription. 

“With reference to veterinary legislation, I would urge upon 
you the necessity of being, to a limited extent at least, a polli- 
tician. Form the acquaintance, and, if possible, cultivate the 
friendship of men high in the public service, as it is only through 
them that we can hope for the legislation which all thoughtful, 
progressive veterinarians realize is necessary to the welfare of 


94 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


our profession. Make yourself valuable to your senator or rep- 
resentative and thus have a claim upon his consideration, should 
the future make it necessary for you to try to enforce the claim. 

‘“T wish, upon behalf of the Association, to thank all those 
who have given us their aid in making these meetings a success, 
but above all I would thank our eminent Secretary, Dr. A. T. 
Peters, whose splendid efforts have resulted in the material 
growth of our Association and in greatly strengthening and ex- 
tending its field of usefulness. 

‘‘ And, now, in conclusion, let me urge you to foster that 
spirit of friendship and mutual helpfulness which is of itself so 
great an essential toa solution of our difficulties. Bury the 
bickerings and prejudices which have characterized the work of 
our profession in years past and let the progress which has been 
made be but the dawn of a better day for the profession, a pro- 
fession than which there is none more noble or more deserving 
of the success which the future surely holds in store for it.” 

Next came the unfinished business and the 

SECRETARY’S REPORT. 

The Secretary made a very brief report, emphasizing the 
fact that it was a very laborious task for the Secretary to keep 
an organization together, that so many practitioners did not an- 
swer the correspondence which was voluminous, and that very 
few attended the meetings. The Secretary therefore suggested 
that possibly a news bulletin, giving news items concerning 
practitioners in the West, may stir up interest among the mem- 
bers. Healsomentioned that the use of the University Library 
should be thought of by the practitioners. It was discussed as 
to whether plans could not be devised whereby books could be 
loaned to the practitioners of the State. The Secretery offered 
to have a list printed of the books available at the University 
Library and consummate some plan whereby they could be 
loaned to the members. The discussion that followed was 
unanimonsly favorable to try to inaugurate a bulletin for the 
Iowa-Nebraska Veterinary Medical Association. Most every 
member present took part in the discussion. Finally a com- 
mittee was appointed by the Chairman, consisting of Drs. V. 
Schaefer, S. H. Kingery, and A. T. Peters, to have full power 
to act in the matter of publishing a bulletin. The meeting 
then adjourned for lunch. 

The first paper for the evening was that of Dr. Bostrom on 
the cornstalk disease. The Doctor read a very interesting 
paper on this mysterious disease. Most every one took part in 


a” 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 95 


the discussion. Following this paper was an old time expe- 
rience meeting conducted by Dr. H. L. Ramacciotti. Drs. King- 
ery, Stewart, Haxby, and Parslow took part. 

The following morning Dr. J. H. Gain gave a demonstration 
in judging horses at the Union Stock Yards Pavilion. ‘lhis 
was very much appreciated by all who were present. After the 
judging was over the Doctor requested those present to guess on | 
the weight of the three animals present. It was a surprise to all 
those who participated in this guessing contest to know how 
very far they were off from this weight. The one who carried 
off the prize was Dr. Dan Miller. They were also very much 
surprised that they had not estimated the value of these animals 
any where near correct. 

Following this demonstration the meeting was again called 
to order by the Chairman, and the first order of business was the 
election of officers. Dr. Geo. P. Tucker was placed in nomina- 
tion for President and was elected by acclamation. Likewise 
were the rules suspended for C. E. Stewart for Vice-President. 
Dr. Peters, who protested against being re-elected for Secretary, 
but which was of no avail, was again elected. 

Dr. Stewart brought up the question regarding mycotic 
stomatitis of cattle, which was discussed freely by all those pres- 
ent. It was suggested that those who have trouble of this kind 
should read Circular No. 51 of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 
which describes this disease very minutely and gives a number 
of causes that may produce this disease. 

At 4 o’clock in the afternoon the meeting was again called 
to order and Dr. R. C. Moore, of the Kansas City Veterinary 
College, gave a very interesting paper on the indications for the 
different neurectomies, which was highly appreciated. 

Following this Dr. A. T. Peters read a paper entitled “A 
Study of Clinical Lameness,”? which he translated from the Ger- 
man. He also reported an article by Dr. A. Zehl on ‘“‘ Adrena- 
lin,” in the Berliner Thierarztliche Wochenschrift. The Doctor 
stated that he had used adrenalin with good success in cows af- 
fected with bloody urine, and he thinks it is a specific for this 
trouble. He hasalso used it for lumbago in horses, and on this 
account it was suggested that it could be used for azoturia. The 
Doctor uses a I-10,000 solution and gives subcutaneous injec- 
tions, giving from I5 to 25 c.c. three times daily to horses, and 
from 20 to 30 c.c. to cows. From the very gratifying results 
reported this drug should be given more extensive trials. 

After a liberal discussson on both of these papers the Asso- 


96 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


ciation adjourned to meet again during the week of the horse 
show if rates can be secured. 
A. T. PETERS, Secretary. 


CONNECTICUT VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIA- 
LOIN: 


The annual meeting was held at Drs. Colton and Lyman’s 


Hospital, Hartford, Feb. 7. From ro a. M. to 12 M. the veterina- 


rians were shown through the various wards of the new hospital. 
Several cases of sickness and lameness were exhibited. Dr. 
Whitney performed an operation on fistula of the shoulder. 

At 1 o’clock p. M. the members adjourned to Hotel Hartford 
for dinner. 

At 2.15 the meeting was called to order, in the hospital, with 


Dr. H. E. Bates in the chair. The following responded to roll-. 


call: Drs. E. C. Ross, Thos. Bland, J. H. Gardner, H. Whitney, 
H. ©. Bates, R. D. Martin, J. E. Underhill, L. B. Judson} Gav: 
Towne, F. F. Bushnell, Chas. L. Colton, G. W. Loveland, J. H. 
Kelley,.R: P. Lyman;H:.L. Lower, G., TP Eihott,-C. Pa Adams 
and B. K. Dow. Visitors: J. S. Schofield, Greenwich, Ct.; 
H. L. Switzer, Hartford, Ct.; B. D. Pierce, Springfield, Mass., 
and T. S. Childs, Saratoga, N. Y. 

Minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. 

Reports of the Secretary and Treasurer were read and ac- 
cepted. One of the Board of Censors being absent, it was voted 
to instruct the President to appoint a member to fill the va- 
cancy. ‘The President appointed Dr. Bland. 

The Board of Censors reported favorably on the applications 
of Drs. J. S. Schofield and W. L Fowler. A _ ballot was taken 
on the applications of Drs. Schofield and Fowler, which resulted 
in their being elected to membership in the Association. 

The following applications for membership were presented : 
A. C. Knapp, D. V. S., Bridgeport, vouchers, Drs. H. E. Bates 
and R. D. Martin; W. J. Southey, D. V. S., A. V. C., Bridge- 
port, vouchers, Drs. R. P. Lyman and R. D. Martin; H. L. 
Switzer, V. S. (O. V. C.), Hartford, vouchers, Drs. R. P. Lyman 
and G. V. Towne. ‘These applications were referred to the 
Board of Censors. 

The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: 

President—Dr. J. H. Gardner, Norwich. 

First Vice-President—Dr. G. W. Loveland, Torrington. 

Second Vice-President—Dr. J. H. Kelley, New Haven. 


a 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 97 


Secretary—Dr. B. K. Dow, Willimantic. 

Treasurer—Dr. EK. C. Ross, New Haven. 

Board of Censors—Drs. Thos. Bland, Waterbury; C. L. 
Adams, Danielson; H. L. Tower, Norwich; H. E. Bates, So. 
Norwalk ; and L. B. Judson, Winsted. 

Dr. R. P. Lyman, Chairman of the Committee on Legisla- 
tion, reported that the bill which the committee drafted had 
been modified and presented to the Legislature. Dr. Lyman 
also read a copy of the bill which the Connecticut Humane So- 
ciety had introduced in the Legislature. This bill is to give 
the Humane Society better and more control of glanders and 
contagious diseases. 

Several of the members reported peculiar and interesting 
cases which had occurred in their practices. 

Dr. Martin invited the members to hold the semi-annual 
meeting in Bridgeport at his hospital. He promised a good 
clinic and entertainment. It was voted to accept Dr. Martin’s 
invitation and hold the semi-annual meeting the first Tuesday 
in August at his hospital in Bridgeport. 

At 5.30 it was voted to adjourn. B. K. Dow, Secretary. 


AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 


RESIDENT STATE SECRETARIES, 1904-1905. 
United States. 


Alabama—A. Gibson, 412 N. Twentieth St., Birmingham. 
Arizona and New Mexico—J. C. Norton, Phoenix, Arizona. 
Arkansas—R. R. Dinwiddie, Fayetteville. 
Californta—Archibald R. Ward, Berkeley. 
Colorado and Utah—Geo. H. Glover, Fort Collins, Colorado. 
Connecticut—F. F. Bushnell, Winsted. 
North Dakota and Montana—W. F. Crewe, Devil’s Lake, 
No. Dakota. 

District of Columbta—A. D. Melvin, Dept. of Agr., Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

Florida—J. G. Hill, 324 Forsythe St., Jacksonville. 

Flawaw Territory—W. 'T. Monsarrat, Honolulu. 

Lllinois—Jos. Hughes, 2537 State St., Chicago. 

Indiana—J. O. Greeson, Kokomo. 

Towa—H. C. Simpson, Denison. 

Kansas—E. Makins, Jr., Topeka. 

Kentucky—D. A. Piatt, Lexington. 

Loutstana—Jos. L,. Drexler, Thibodaux, 


98 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


Maine—A. Joly, Waterville. 

Maryland—F. H. Mackie, Baltimore. 

Massachusetts—Ben}. D. Pierce, Springfield. 

Michigan—S. Brenton, Detroit. 

Minnesota—D. M. McDonald, Brainerd. 

Missouri—W. F. Heyde, 1215 S. Jefferson Ave., St. Louis. 

Mississippi—J. C. Robert, Agricultural College. 

Nebraska—W. A. Thomas, Omaha. 

New Jersey—Jas. T. Glennon, 146 Sumner Ave., Newark. 

New York—J. E. Ryder, 1634 Broadway, New York. 

Nevada and Idaho—J. Otis Jacobs, Reno, Nevada. 

North Carolina—A. S. Wheeler, Biltinore. 

Ohzo—Paul Fischer, Columbus. 

Oregon—J. H. Creamer, Portland. 

Pennsylvania—C. J. Marshall, 2004 Pine St., Philadelphia. 

Rhode Island—Thos. E Robinson, Westerly. 

South Carolina and Georgia—A. S. Shealy, Clemson Col- 
lege, S. C. 

South Dakota—¥E. 1, Moore, Brookings. 

Tennessee—Geo. R. White, Nashville. 

Texas—W. A. Knight, Houston. 

Vermont and New Hampshire—F. A. Rich, Burlington, 
Vermont. 

Virginia—John Spencer, Blacksburg. 

Washington—James Bullivant, Spokane. 

West Virginia—F. P. Ruhl, Fairmont. 

Wisconstn—Chas. Schmitt, Dodgeville. 


Canada. 

British Columbta—Johnson Gibbons, 1003 Granville St., 
Vancouver. 

Manitoba—F. ‘Torrance, Winnipeg. 

Northwest Territory—J. F. Burnett, Macleod. 

Nova Scotia—Wm. Jakeman, Halifax. 

Ontarto—Thos. Thacker, Renfrew. 

Ouebec—A. A. Etienne, St. Hyacinthe. 


Colontes. 
Philippine Islands—G. E. Nesom, Manila. 
Cuba and Porto Rico—N. S. Mayo, Santiago de las Vegas, 
Cuba. 
South America. 
Argentine Republic—Pedro L. del Carril, La Plata. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 99 


Australia. 
South Australia—J. Desmond, Adelaide. 


COMMITTEES, 1904-1905. 


Executive—C. E. Cotton, Chairman ; D. E. Salmon, Ros- 
coe R. Bell, W. H. Hoskins, W. H. Dalrymple, J. R. Mitchell. 
Ex-Officto—M. E. Knowles, J. G. Rutherford, E. M. Ranck, 
Ga R= Voune, G. W.:Duuphy, R. P. Lyman, J. J. Repp, Wm. 
Herbert Lowe. 

Finance—Thos. E. Smith, Chazrman; A. H. Baker, J. F. 
Roub. 

Publication—Richard P. Lyman, Chazrman ,; T. E. Robin- 
son, E. M. Ranck, W. H. Dalrymple, J. J. Repp. 

Intelligence and Education—C. J. Marshall, Chazrman; E. 
B. Ackerman, M. H. Reynolds, N. S. Mayo, G. R. White. 

Diseases—Chas. H. Higgins, Chazrman ,; 1, Pearson, V. A. 
Moore, J. R. Mohler, A. R. Ward, S. H. Ward. 

Resolutions—James Law, Chairman, §. H. Gilliland, J. L. 
Robertson, Wm. Dougherty, J. C. Norton. 

Necrology—¥. Torrance, Chairman; J. F. Winchester, S. 
H. Ward, J. F. Burnett, J. G. Rutherford. 

Programme—sS. Stewart, Chairyman ; A. M. Farrington, J. 
G. Rutherford, A. Plummer, S. Brenton. 

Army Legislation—Wm. H. Lowe, Chairman; Roscoe R. 

Bell, W. Horace Hoskins, W. H. Kelly, J. H. McNeall. 
Local Arrangements—E. H. Shepard, Chazrman ,; E. P. 
Schaffter, A. S. Cooley, A. E. Cunningham, S. Burrows. 


SOU LHERN “AUXILIARY OF THE CALIFORNIA 
STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 


(From the Western Veterinarian.) 


We held our regular quarterly meeting on January 11th, at 
8p. M., at my infirmary. The meeting was called for 6.30 P. 
M. by the Secretary, Dr. Fenimore, but it was impossible to get 
the members together at such an untimely hour. 

. Dr. W. E. D. Morrison entertained Dr. Keane and the writer 
at dinner at the Broadway Van Noyse, and of course it was out 
of the question to leave there before 7.30 P. M. 

After the meeting was called to order Dr. Ion W. Parks, of 
Pasadena, read a very interesting paper which had been ripen- 
ing in cold storage for the past nine months. The paper 
consisted of an account of his experience in the treatment of 


106 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


deep wounds by the use of air irrigation, the curette and the 
application of a normal salt solution followed by injections of 
a solution of formalin, one-half ounce tothe gallon. He claimed 
that the action of the saline solution prevented the hardening 
of the tissues which occurs following the use of the formalin 
solution alone. 

The paper stimulated a lengthy discussion on the action of 
formalin. Some of the members had had good results follow- 
ing its use, while others did not like it at all. 

The writer stated that he had employed the agent for two 
years and had nothing but praise for it ; at the same time he real- 
ized that it must be used with the greatest care and judgment, 
as too strong a solution is the tendency in its use. 

Some members had used it so strong that the hardened tis- 
sues could be pulled out like raw-hide strings, and of course 
they did not, for that reason, favor it. 

Dr. R. T. Whittlesey, of Los Angeles, was then called upon 
and responded by reading a paper upon infected wounds, nail 
pricks, etc., of the foot; and in connection presented a horse 
that he had operated on a few days before, performing resection 
of the perforans tendon, exposing the navicular bone and bursa 
for an inch and one-half above it. 

The paper, while a disjointed affair, was far better than he 
could have produced out of whole cloth. It commenced with 
a resume of an article on the subject by Dr. W. L. Williams, 
published in the November issue of the VETERINARY REVIEW, 
and followed by reports of cases by the same author which were 
published in the December issue of said journal; also reports 
of cases and extracts from Cadiot’s Clinical Veterinary Medi- 
cine and Surgery, Liautard’s Veterinary Surgery and Liautard’s 
translation of Zundel on the Horse’s Foot. At the conclusion 
of the reading of the paper the above-mentioned horse was 
placed upon the operating table and his foot exposed for obser- 
vation. The history of the case was that the horse, while haul- 
ing a delivery wagon, picked up a large wire nail during the 
last week of December. On January 2 the writer was called in 
and found, upon examination, exfoliation of the entire frog, 
which was removed, and a punctured wound situated about the 
center of the foot, which was discharging purulent synovia. 
The horse, not being very gentle, it was impossible to thor- 
oughly investigate the depth of the puncture without throwing 
him down. Peroxide of hydrogen was injected and the wound 
packed with cotton saturated with formalin solution. This 


lip 1" 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 101 


treatment was continued for several days without benefit. The 
owner was requested to allow the animal to be brought to the 
writer’s infirmary, but declined on the ground that he believed 
it to be less expensive to have treatment carried on at his own 
stable. 

On January 6th the horse was cast and a thorough exami- 
nation made, revealing a diseased condition of the bone and an 
abscess above and posterior to the puncture. Upon completing 
the examination the horse was allowed to regain his feet and 
the owner was informed that the patient must be removed to 
some place where he could receive proper attention, otherwise 
he might just as well be destroyed. The owner finally con- 
sented and the animal was removed to the hospital and was 
placed on the operating table. The leg was cocainized and a 
tourniquet applied. With a probe-pointed bistoury the punc- 
ture was enlarged by an incision three-quarters of an inch 
toward the heel. There followed quite a flow of pus and upon 
exploring the cavity it was found that the abscess extended up 
the tendon nearly to the skin. All the frog on the side of the 
puncture and about one-half of the other side was removed as 
well as all the tissues down to the sheath of the tendon, a por- 
tion of which was also removed, exposing the navicular bone, 
making complete drainage. 

The wound was thoroughly cleansed and packed with gauze, 
which, in turn, was covered with cotton saturated with a forma- 
lin solution. On account of curiosity and desiring to watch the 
progress made by the wound, the dressing was not allowed to 
remain on eight or ten days as recommended by Dr. Williams, 
but was removed every day. 

The relief to the animal was immediate; he stood up, ate 
hay and appeared to suffer very little. 

At the conclusion of Dr. Whittlesey’s remarks and demon- 
stration, in which all present were very much interested, a gen- 
eral discussion followed. 

Many inquiries have been made since the meeting regarding 
the progress of this case, which has been all that possibly could 
be expected. No pus formed in the wound and only a slight 
serous discharge was noticed, this being barely sufficient to wet 
the gauze packing. The greatest difficulty in the after treat- 
ment of the wound was experienced in keeping the ragged 
fringes of the tendon trimmed from around the edges of the open- 
ing through the perforans, but this difficulty soon ceased. 

The conclusions of the writer are that the operation is a prac- 


102 , SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


tical one and not very difficult to perform if the operator has 
proper facilities for handling cases during and after operating. 
The after dressing of the wound must becarefully done by some 
one who thoroughly appreciates the necessity of asepsis. 

Dr. Chas. Keane presented to the meeting a draft of a bill 
he intends to introduce at the present Legislature, relating to 
county veterinarians. The bill received the unanimous endorse- 
ment of the Association. 

The meeting lasted until after midnight and was such a suc- 
cess that some of the members suggested monthly meetings. 
This suggestion, however, failed to find favor with the majority. 

The meeting then adjourned to meet on Wednesday, April 
12, 1905. R. T.. WHITTLESEY,;: D:) Vi) S: 


MASSACHUSETTS VETERINARY ASSOCIATION. 


The regular monthly meeting was held at the Boston Vet- 
erinary Hospital, Wednesday evening, February 22d, at 8 P. M. 
There were six members present. Minutes of previous meeting 
accepted as read. . It was voted that Dr. Langdon Frothingham 
be authorized as representative of this Association, at the hear- 
ing of the antivivisectionists, as opposed to passage of this bill. 
On receipt of notice of time of the hearing on the ‘‘ Compensa- 
tion bill for glandered horses,” the Secretary was instructed, by 
vote, to send notices to all members requesting their presence 
at the State House. It was voted that the Association have a 
‘“‘ question box,” as mentioned in the editorial section of the 
ReEviEW. Adjourned 9.45 P. M. 

F. J. BaBBITT, Secretary. 


LOUISIANA VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 


In response to a cal] issued by Dr. R. A. Phillips, of Plaque- 
mine, La.,a number of veterinarians met, on February 18, 1905, 
in the veterinary class room of the Louisiana State University 
and A. & M. College, at Baton Rouge, for the purpose of organ- 
izing the State Veterinary Medical Association. 

After a few words of welcome from.Dr. W. H. Dalrymple, 
and a few remarks on the great importance of organization, the 
meeting went into permanent organization. Dr. Dalrymple, in 
moving the nomination of Dr. R. A. Phillips for President of 
the Louisiana Veterinary Medical Association, which was duly 
seconded by Dr. E. Pegram Flower, of Baton Rouge, stated 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 103 


that it was through the persistent effort of Dr. Phillips this or- 
ganization had become, at this time, a reality, for which he was 
very much to be congratulated, and, therefore, it seemed to him 
only right that the Doctor should be made the first President 
of the Association. Dr. Phillips was unanimously elected Pres- 
ident, and he thanked the Association for the honor conferred. 
Dr. Flower proposed the name of Dr. M. M. White, of Shreve- 
port, for Vice-President. Dr. Dalrymple seconded the nomina- 


LITTLE BUNCH OF ORGANIZERS OF THE LOUISIANA VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 
FEBRUARY 18, 1905. 


tion, which was unanimously carried, and Dr. White thanked 
the members for his election. On motion of Dr. Phillips, sec- 
onded by Dr. Bailey E. Chaney, of Monroe, Dr. Flower, of Baton 
Rouge, was elected Secretary-Treasurer of the Association. 


104 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


A Constitution and By-Laws were adopted, and it was de- 
cided that meetings of the Association be held semi-annually 
(September and February). 

Honorary membership was conferred upon the following 
gentlemen: Prof. James Law, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.; 
Dr. Roscoe R. Bell, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Dr. Leonard Pearson, 
University of Pennsylvania, Pa. 

EK. PEGRAM FLOWER, Secretary. 


MISSISSIPPI VALLEY VETERINARY MEDICAL AS- 
SOCIATION. 


The above Association was organized at Monmouth, IIl., 
the first week of the new year. It will hold meetings at least 
every three months, perhaps oftener during the winter months. 
We are very enthusiastic over our little Society, and are hav- 
ing some very interesting meetings. 

W. C. HANAWALT, Galesburg, 111. 


— 


THE essay on “ Forging” by Dr. F. C. Grenside, of New 
York, which won the Dougherty prize and was published in 
the REVIEW some time ago, was reproduced in the Sporting 
Record of February 23,—the official organ of the Maryland 
Jockey Club. 

Wirs all the mechanical devices before the public to take 
the place of horses, it is rather suggestive that, according to the 
report of the Illinois State Board of Agriculture, there are now 
more horses in Illinois than ever. The assessors reported 1,224,- 
487 in the State in the year Ig04. Evidently the horseless age 
has not arrived. Not only are there more horses than ever, but 
the average price is larger than at any time. 

THE SOUNDNESS OF HACKNEYS.—The exceptional sound- 
ness of the breed may be judged by the following figures. At 
the London Hackney Shows, from 1890 to 1904, inclusive, 
4,946 stallions, mares and geldings have been thoroughly ex- 
amined by the veterinary inspectors, and of this number 4,704 
have been passed as sound, only 242 being rejected, the larger 
proportion of these being horses entered in the half-bred and 
harness classes. The examination is a most stringent one. 
Since the 1896 show every animal present in the show has been 
submitted to the vets. Such a favorable result needs no com- 
ment. ‘This general soundness is frequently quoted by Conti- 
nental buyers as one of the most prominent characteristics of 
the breed.—(Farmer’s Advocate.) 


ve 


NEWS AND ITEMS. 105 


NEWS AND ITEMS. 


WITH a milk trust’on one end and a beef trust on the other, 
who can blame the poor old cow for being sour-tempered. 

Dr. F. H. P. Epwarps, of Iowa City, Iowa, with his wife 
and two daughters, spent four months in Europe during the 
fall and early winter. 

THOUGH but four years old, Evarts, S. D., claims to be the 
largest primary stock market in the world, vast herds of cattle 
on the range being taken there for shipment to the Chicago 
market. 

Dr. W. T. MONSARRAT, of Honolulu, Hawaiian Territory, 
has made application for a practice license in California. Is our 
genial friend and loyal confrére coming to the States to live, so 
that he can attend all the meetings of the A. V. M. A.? 

I WOULD not enter on my list of friends, 

Though graced with polished manners and fine sense, 
Yet wanting sensibility, the man 

Who needlessly sets foot upon a worm.—Cowfer. 

Drs. EK. B. ACKERMAN, Elishu Hanshew, and Roscoe R. 
Bell, of Brooklyn, N. Y., attended the annual meeting of the 
Pennsylvania Veterinary Medical Association, at Philadelphia, 
on March 8th. 

Dr. W. L. WILLIAMS of the New York State Veterinary 
College, stopped over in New York on the 18th ult., on his way 
home from Florida, where he spent several weeks in a success- 
ful effort to throw off a cold which had clung to him for the 
major portion of the winter. The doctor looked remarkably 
well, and made a pleasant call upon the REVIEW. 

“CORNELL ALUMNI NEws” of February 15, devotes the 
major part of its space to an article entitled ‘‘ Cornell Veterina- 
rians : Some Cornell Men Who Have Achieved National Dis- 
tinction in Comparative Medicine,” by D. Arthur Hughes, ’98. 
After giving a history of the University in its relation to vet- 
erinary science, sketches of the following well-known graduates 
are given: Daniel Elmer Salmon, ’72; Arthur Manly Farring- 
ton, ’79; Leonard Pearson, °88; Veranus Alva Moore, ’87. 
Excellent half-tones of the biographical subjects are given. 

Dr. GEORGE R. WuHirs, of Nashville, Tenn., favored the 
REVIEW with an exquisitely engraved invitation to attend the 
commencement exercises of the Medical Department of the 
University of Nashville, which took place on the 31st ult., and 
on looking over the class-roll we find the name of George Ran- 


106 NEWS AND ITEMS. 


som White, D. V.S. We congratulate the Doctor, and feel as- 
sured that his added laurels and opportunities will be utilized 
in the advancement of veterinary science, rather than employ- 
ing his new degree to forsake his first love. 

A WoMAN WoRKER.—Miss Clara Medlin, of Pilot Oak, 
bears the distinction of being the only female blacksmith on 
record. Miss Medlin isa very handsome young lady, with a 
wealth of dark brown hair and a pair of bewitching brown eyes. 
She can shoe a horse or weld a tire as quickly as any smith in 
this section, and as for neatness no other smith will dare to com- 
pete with her. She is also an expert carriage painter. This is 
really her specialty, she having painted over seventy buggies 
the past season. Notwithstanding all of this, Miss Medlin has 
not neglected to educate herself in housekeeping and cooking. 
As an all round, useful girl she cannot be excelled anywhere in 
‘© Old Kaintuck.”—(forseshoers’ Journal.) 

Dr. Gay GOES TO OHIo.—The animal husbandry depart- 
ment of the Ohio State University at Columbus has recently 
been strengthened by the election to its staff of Dr. Carl W. 
Gay, who is to be Prof. C. S. Plumb’s assistant. Dr. Gay is a 
graduate in veterinary medicine, receiving his degree at Cornell 
University. For three years he held a professorship in the vet- 
erinary department of the Iowa Agricultural College at Ames. 
In 1903 he abandoned veterinary work to take a course in ani- 
mal husbandry at that institution, where for the past six months 
he has been assisting in the instructional work of that depart- 
ment. Dr. Gay will assume his duties at Columbus April 1.— 
(Breeder's Gazette.) 

GEORGE FLEMING AS A HORSESHOER.—July, 1869, the com- 
mittee of the Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
Animals offered a series of prizes for ‘‘the best and most practi- 
cal essay on horseshoeing in connection with the soundness and 
comfort of the horse.”? The limits to which the contest was con- 
fined embraced the British Isles, and by August, 1870, forty 
papers had been received from those in the contest. A commit- - 
tee consisting of the leading veterinarians of England and Scot- 
land passed upon the merits of the papers, and the result was 
the tendering of first prize to a man who at the time was a prac- 
tical horseshoer only, though he afterwards became a master in 
the different degrees of veterinary science. He was Mr. George 
Fleming. Atthe time mentioned Mr. Fleming was an instructor 
in farriery in the British army, and was, therefore, recognized 
as a man amply fitted in theory and practice to deal with his 


NEWS AND ITEMS. 107 


subject. His lengthy paper on the subject embraced in the title 
covers the ground clearly. The essay of Fleming was turned 
to good use, being printed in book form and thousands of copies 
of it sold to horseshoers and others in all parts of the world. To 
the average man it might appear strange that a hard-working 
horseshoer could successfully compete with finely educated men 
in a contest of this kind, for of the forty who submitted papers 
for competition there were few, if any, who had not given their 
lives to the study of the horse in all his relations, the foot and 
its shoeing being points which must certainly have engaged 
their attention along with those of other parts of the anatomy. 
But it was the horseshoer who won first honors, and thus the 
name of Fleming became known world wide among his fellow- 
practitioners, for, though he had previously been a writer as 
well as practitioner in horseshoeing, and afterwards became rec- 
ognized as a leading veterinary medical man, this essay of his 
did more to make him noted in his own particular sphere than 
anything he ever did. A suggestion: Suppose the American 
Veterinary Medical Association follow the lead of the Scottish 
Society in offering encouragement to men toengage in the same 
pursuit as that which brought fame to both Fleming and the 
society itself ?—(/Yorseshoers’ Journal.) 

A VETERINARY HOSPITAL FOR UNION STOCK YARDS, 
Cuicaco.—Dr. W. Arthur Young, of Chicago, Ill., in a letter 
dated March 3, after telling of a delightful evening he spent at 
a well-attended meeting of the Chicago Veterinary Society, at 
which the subject of ‘Influenza, or Stock Yards Fever” was 
thoroughly discussed, says: ‘It was given out at this meeting 
that the Union Stock Yards and Transit Company are contem- 
plating the erection of a very large veterinary hospital at the 
Yards for the accommodation of all animals that arrive at the 
Yards sick or crippled, and that it will be compulsatory to place 
all such animals in the hospital until discharged by the attend- 
ing veterinary surgeon. ‘The main object is to try and lessen 
the amount of influenza at the U. S. Yards, as the prevalency 
of the disease is injuring the horse market.” 

THE HABIT OF TONGUE-LOLLING.—As a contribution to 
the discussion of tongue-lolling which has recently appeared in the 
REVIEW, we find the following letter in the B7eeder’s Gazette 
of recent issue from Dr. F. C. Grenside, of New York City: 
“Tn recent issues of the Gaze¢te I have seen two or three refer- 
ences to the subject of tongue-lolling in horses and suggestions 
as to remedies. ‘The habit can be cured in some cases and pal- 


108 NEWS AND ITEMS. 


liated in others, but there are some subjects in which it has not 
only become a confirmed habit, but in which there is also spe- 
cial predisposition, owing to the length and flaccidity of the 
tongue. In such cases there is only one radical cure, and that 
is amputation of a small portion of the organ. The suggestion 
of thisremedy to some owners causes them to hold up their 
hands in holy horror and stigmatise it as a barbarous idea. 
This, however, is only due to lack of experience, as this method 
is absolutely effective, the operation itself causes no pain if 
properly performed and sensation destroyed by the use of a local 
anzesthetic and it does not impair the horse’s ability to eat, drink, 
and thrive. Of course for a few days after the operation there 
is some slobbering and irritability of the mouth shown, but it 
soon passes off and we are rid of the unsightliness of a lolled 
tongue. In addition the subject is apparently more comforta- 
ble about his mouth, and is at least rid of the discomfort of hav- 
ing a parched tongue to draw into his mouth after the bit is 
taken out. Some horses have five or six inches of the tongue 
out of their mouth, but in the worst cases it is not necessary to 
take off more than three inches. ‘Two inches is usually enough, 
as it appears to cause contraction and retraction of the organ 
and at any rate suffices to prevent lolling. In many cases 
horses that loll their tongues put them over the bit first, but in 
others this is not done, and particularly with those that project 
the tongue from between the front teeth. Although there is no 
doubt a special predisposition in some horses to develop this 
habit and show an aggravated form of it, an exciting cause is 
always brought into operation in order to develop it. The 
whole trouble starts with the bitting. Owners as a rule do not 
seem to realize that the ability of the tongue to stand pressure 
from the bit has to be cultivated by degrees. The ignoring of 
this principle is the cause of many of the troubles in connection 
with the mouth and particularly tongue-lolling. What is called 
“hiding the tongue” or drawing it up in the mouth to avoid 
pressure on it by the bit is another bad habit resulting from the 
same cause. It must not be understood that it is advisable to 
resort to amputation in all cases of tongue-lolling. First, try 
to determine the cause, and if possible remove it. Try differ- 
ent kinds of bits and find the place in the mouth for the bit to 
rest that is most comfortable to the horse. In some articles I 
wrote in the Gazette last year about bitting measures were sug- 
gested for training the tongue to stand a reasonable amount of 
pressure from the bit. This is the key to the whole process of 


NEWS AND ITEMS. 109 


proper bitting and the means of preventing some of the most dis- 
agreeable habits in connection with the mouth. Ina horse that 
puts his tongue over the bit, before lolling it, measures that pre- 
vent this will of course stop lolling. Port bits, spoon bits, a 
rubber band or strap for keeping the tongue under the bit are 
used, with more or less success both as temporary devices and 
some claim curative agents. One kind of bit may be comfort- 
able for one horse that is not suitable foranother. Some horses 
will keep their tongues in position better with a thick snaffle, 
while others do better with a very fine one. In using an un- 
broken or stiff mouthpiece in horses that are at all fussy about 
their tongues, it should be made “half-moon ” shaped, as this 
distributes the pressure more to the sides as well asthe centre of 
the tongue, while the branches of the jaw bear their quota. In 
speaking of getting the tongue habituated to pressure it is not 
intended to convey the idea that unresponsiveness to it is to be 
encouraged, in fact a non-sensitive tongue is sure to be associ- 
ated with an unresponsive mouth, which is one of the predispos- 
ing causes of injury to that organ, and the consequent tendency 
to lolling. Whatit is desirable to avoid is what we have desig- 
nated as “fussing”? with the tongue. While the non-sensitive 
tongue lies motionless in the groove Nature has provided for it, 
ready to be bruised, cut or abraded by its passiveness, or its cir- 
culation interfered with by its non-resistance to pressure, the 
organ that has not been trained to stand reasonable pressure from 
the bit is constantly on the move, leading to an unsteady mouth, 
and by getting out of the way of the bit, by retraction or by put- 
ting it over the bit, exposes the branches of the lower jaw to in- 
jury. What we should aim at then is to cultivate the ability of 
the tongue to stand reasonable pressure without showing irrita- 
bility. Horses’ tongues vary a great deal in size, form and sen- 
sitiveness. The narrow firm tongue, usually associated with a 
lower jaw with narrow sharp-ridged branches, is apt to consti- 
tute a very sensitive mouth but one that in patient and skilful 
hands can be made the perfection of responsiveness. What is 
designated the beefy tongue is bulky, usually lacking a high de- 
gree of sensitiveness and is apt to lie quiet under the bit. If 
possessed by a free, courageous horse there is great danger of 
his becoming a pullerin thoughtless unskilful hands. If the bit 
is placed high in such a mouth we will usually find the tongue 
conjested, after a drive. Then, there is the long, flaccid tongue, 
seemingly lacking in sensitiveness and power of retraction and 
very apt to be the subject of lolling.”’ 


110 WHAT REVIEW SUBSCRIBERS SAY. 


WHAT REVIEW SUBSCRIBERS SAY. 

“THE REVIEW improves every year in bright, crisp news. 
Iam a thirteen-year-old subscriber."—(W. B. Lewin, D. V.S., 
Russell, Il.) 

‘“ ACCEPT my congratulations upon your success in publish- 
ing such an interesting periodical.”—(/mmanuel Pfeiffer, Jr., 
Bedford, Mass.) 

‘““T Look upon the REVIEW as my ‘ companion dear, sterling 
in worth, in friendship most sincere.’ ”’—(S. Rk. Howard, V.S., 
fFiillsboro, Ohio.) 

‘““ALLOW me to congratulate you in your endeavor to keep 
before us amodern scientific veterinary journal.”—(George Hii- 
ton, Portage la Prairie, Manztoba.) 

‘““T CONSIDER THE REVIEW worthy of the library of any 
veterinarian. I look for it at the first of every month with en- 
thusiasm.”—(/. .S. Leslie, Sedalia, Mo.) 

‘‘ ANYONE who assumes the title of veterinarian and does 
not take the REVIEW, will soon become a ‘has-been,’ and is to 
be censured, not pitied."—(/. H. P. Edwards, Iowa City, Towa.) 

I FIND THE REVIEW an ever-increasing source of pleasure 
and profit. I trust its scope of usefulness shall become even 
greater to the practical veterinarian.”—(/. £. Assing, New York 
City.) 

‘“T CONGRATULATE YOU on the ever-progressive, up-to-date, 
extremely interesting, and valuable volume just completed, and 
wish your future endeavors even greater success.” —(W. C. Han- 
awalt, Galesburg, Ill.) 

I HAVE been practicing nearly seventeen years, and now I 
don’t see how I got along without the AMERICAN VETERINARY 
REVIEW. I expect to always take it while it remains as good 
as it is, and think every practitioner should subscribe for it.”— 
(J. B. L. Terrell, Dresden, Tenn.) 

“THE REVIEW is very highly appreciated by me, and I 
would not want to do without it foranything. It is an ever- 
ready helper to a new practitioner, as I am, as the suggestions 
and treatment for different diseases given in it are very beneficial. 
A long life and prosperity to the REVIEw is the wish of a sub- 
scriber and friend.”—(W.. W. Talbot, M. D. C., Oskaloosa, Towa.) 


THE usual plan for preparing horse meat in Europe is in 
stews, but for that matter steaks are not rare in the old country. 
They believe in getting all the good there is in meat, and this 
comes through the slow stew. 


VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION MEETINGS. 


LUE 


VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION MEETINGS. 


In the accompanying table will be found the dates, places of meet- 
ing, and Secretaries’ names and addresses of all the Veterinary Medical 
Associations of the United States and Canada. 
quested to see that their organizations are properly included in the list. 


Name of Organization. 


Secretaries are re- 


Place of 
Meeting 


Date of Next 
Meeting. 


American V. M. Ass’n........ 
Vet. Med. Ass’n of N. J 


see eee 


Connecticut V. M. Ass’n...... 


New York S. V. M. Soc’y.. 
Schuylkill Valley V. M. A 


Michigan State V. M. Ass’n 
Alumni Ass’n N, Y.-A. V.C.. 
Illinois State V. M. Ass’n 
Wisconsin Soc. Vet, Grad 
Illinois V. M. and Surg. A... 
Vet. Ass’n of Manitoba 


Ohio State V. M. Ass’n....... 
Western Penn, V. M. Ass’n. 
Missouri Vet. Med. Ass’n 
Genesee Valley V. M. Ass’n... 
Towa State V. M. Ass’n 
Minnesota State V. M. Ass’n.. 
Pennsylvania State V. M. A... 
Keystone V. M. Ass’n 


ee ene ee 


Colorado State V. M. Ass’n, 
Missouri Valley V. Ass’n ..... 
Rhode Island V. M. Ass’n.... 
North Dakota V. M. Ass’n.... 
California State V. M. Ass’n... 
Southern Auxiliary of Califor- 
nia State V. M. Ass’n... 
South Dakota V. M. A 
Nebraska V. 


eee ence 
eee eee ne 


Ass’n Médécale Veternaire 

Francaise ‘‘ Laval,”’....... 
Alumni Association A. V. Col.. 
Province of Quebec V. M. A... 
Beentucky V. M. Ass’n....... 
Wolverine State V. M. Ass’n 


Ohio Valley V. M. Ass’n.... 
Iowa-Nebraska V. M. Aceon. 
Louisiana State V. M. Ass’n 


. ./September, 1905 
.| June 21, 1905. 
EassaiciCos Vio Me Ass'n... . . April 
_ Texas V. M. Ass’n 


sees 


ee eee 
ee ee ewe 


Sip ieyere (a 678 (0) 6: 


__ V.M. Ass’n New York Co... .|Ist Wed.ea,mo./141 W. 54thSt 


Soeb oan aCaoes Columbus, 
..|Ist Wed.ea.mo.| Pittsburgh. 
.| August, 1905 | Kansas City. | 
July, 1905. |Roch’ter,N.Y 
January, 1906, Ames. 
July, 1905. | Minneapolis 


Name and Address Secretary. 


August 15-18. |Cleveland, O. 
July 13-14, 1905}Wash’gton Pk 
Ist Tues. Aug.| Bridgeport. 
Ithaca, 
Reading, Pa. 
Paterson, N.J. 


3, 1905. 


| 


Monthly. Boston 
April, 1905 Waterville. 
sgUIT Ose pole Ottawa. 


SOC) SBC Oe Osu at PORN ORI Mc Bourne) | 


April, 1905. |141 W. 54thSt 


Feb, 15, 1905. Decatur. 
Call of Pres’t, Racine. 
Call of Com, | Champaign. 
July, 1905. | Not determ’ed 
...[ July, 1905. |London, Ont, 


stetalwteiule Ss) a ele'ell, Lele:s)'e ) ale) ae lao 


2d Tuesday of Philadelphia. | 
each month. 


..|Ist Mon, in June Denver. 
Se gawate ier stetsseted: Kansas City. 
January, 1906.| Fargo. 


Mch. Je.Sep, Dc|San Francisco 


ee he Jy, Oct. | 


Los Angeles, 


S edule © 6 ple vlere cl vee cece ences 


Topeka. 
|Lect. R’m La- 


1st & 3d Thur, 


ele. (Repp, bhilas Pa: 
W. H. Lowe, Paterson. 

B, K. Dow, Willimantic. 
W. H. Kelly, Albany, N.Y. 
W. G, Huyett, Wernersville. 
H. K. Berry, Paterson, N. J. 
A. E, Flowers, Dallas. 

F, J. Babbitt, Lynn, Mass. 
C, L. Blakely, Augusta, 

A, E. James, Ottawa. 
Judson Black, Richmond. 
Wis.C., Maller; Ns oY. Gity. 
W. H. Welch, Lexington, Ill 


|S. Beattie, Madison, 


J. M. Reed, Mattoon, 
F. Torrance, Winnipeg. 


'T, B. Carroll, Wilmington, 
'C. H. Sweetapple, Toronto, 
|D. J. Mangan, N., Y. City. 


W. H. Gribble, Wash’n C.H. 


F, Weitzell, Allegheny. 


\F. F. Brown, Kansas City. 

iJ. H. Taylor, Henrietta, N.Y. 

H, C. Simpson, Denison, Ia. 

J. G. Annand, Minneapolis, 

C, J. Marshall, Phila. 

C. J. Marshall, 2004 Pine 
St., Phila 

M. J. Woodlifte, Denver, 


|B. F. Kaupp, Kansas City. 


T.E. Robinson, Westerly, R.I 
E. J. Davidson, Grand Forks 
P. H. Browning, San Jose. 


H.D. Fenimore, Los Angeles 
E. L. Moore, Brookings, 
A. T. Peters, Lincoln, 
Hugh S. Maxwell, Salina. 
J. P. A. Houde, Montreal. 


Washington State Col. V. M. A.) 


eel 


val Un’y Mon.| 
New York. IF. R. Hanson, N. Y. City. 
Mon, & Que. |Gustave Boyer, Rigand, IEA). 
DwAe Piatt, Lexington. 
POPS eee wlevecdts dis essitie iW. W. Thorburn. 
Ist & 2d Friday Pullman, Wa.|Wm. D. Mason, Pullman, 
April, 1905. | Ev: ansville, I’d|J. W. Moses, Mt. Vernon, Ind. 
i000 ES REE ooe eet | Ha T. Peters, Lincoln, Neb. 
. P. Flower, Baton Rouge. 


of each month, 
April each yr. 


PUBLISHERS’? DEPARTMENT. 


Subscription price, $3 per annum, invariably in advance; foreign countries, $3.60; 
students while attending college, $2; single copies, 25 cents. 

Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage is forwarded. 

Subscribers are earnestly requested to notify the Business Manager immediately upon 
changing their address. Make all checks or P. 0. orders payable to American 
Veterinary Review. ; 


THE PASTEUR VACCINE Co., LIMITED, with headquarters in Chica- 
go, and offices all over the world; the New York office being operated 
by T. W. Stemmler & Co., No. 366 West rith Street, offer a very inter- 
esting and attractive list of vaccines, serums, antitoxins, etc., on page 
24 (adv. dept.), and invite veterinarians to write them for literature on 
their various products. 


NOTICE OF REMOVAL. 


WE wish to announce the removal of The Norwich Pharmacal Com- 
pany from 64 to 70-72 Fulton Street, New York. In these large and 
commodious offices this enterprising company will be better prepared 
to supply the wants of the busy veterinarian. 

About two years ago The Norwich Pharmacal Co. after several years 
of careful study and clinical tests placed before the veterinary profession 
a line of specialties, some of which are advertised in this paper. The 
success of these preparations was assured from their inception, and a 
large and lucrative trade, not only on these specialties, but also on stan- 
dard U. S. P. fluid extracts, tinctures, tablets and other pharmaceuti- 
cal preparations is now enjoyed by this company, who conduct their 
business on ethical principles and always extend prompt and courteous 
attention to all patrons. If you are not on their list of customers it 
would be to your advantage to write for their catalogue and price list of 
pharmaceutical preparations and specialties. They also make a spec- . 
ialty of packaging stock and special formulas with buyer’s name on 
‘labels and no extra charge is made for special name printing. 

The New York branch office is in charge of Mr. H. Noonan, who 
will be pleased to receive communications relative to your wants. 


DISINFECTANTS FOR LIVE STOCK. 

Gers are found to be responsible for a large number of the diseases 
to which animals are liable. These germs of which we hear so much 
nowadays are very small living organisms, much smaller than the 
smallest particles of dust. Certain kinds of germs when taken into the 
animal body with food, air, or through wounds are capable of producing 
disease. The great preventive of germs is cleanliness. Decaying or- 
ganic material, dirt and refuse matter constantly poison the air and 
food It is here that a disinfectant is valuable. There are many chem- 
icals which will destroy germs, but many of them are poisonous, inflam- 
mable or explosive. Zenvleum is prepared with the express idea of 
avoiding these difficulties. It is so absolutely non-poisonous, that it is 
often given internally by veterinarians. It will not burn or explode. 
Its effectiveness as a germ destroyer is proved and certified to by some 
of the best physicians and veterinarians in the country. Send for 
‘Veterinary Adviser ’’ and ‘‘ Piggies’ Troubles.’’ These booklets give 
detailed information. They are free. Write the ZENNER DISINFECTANT 
CoMPANY, 24 Bates Street, Detroit, Michigan, for them. 


Tue busy ‘‘Spratt’s Patent (America) Ltd.’’ firm, have just penned 
the Westminster Kennel Club and Pittsburg ‘‘shows,’’ and are this 
week (March 25) benching and feeding the Rochester Dog Show, and 
have contracted to do the same work at Chicago, Brooklyn, Boston Col- 
lie Club, Atlantic City, and others in rapid succession. 


AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. 


MAY, 1905. 


EDITORIAL. 


EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. 
PARIS, FRANCE, March I5, 1905. 

DIAGNosis AND TREATMENT OF CoLics.—Some time ago 
there appeared in the Zeztschrift fiir Veterinarkunde an article 
by Klingberg of which an extract appeared later in the Rezze 
Générale, and which related to ‘‘the diagnosis and the treat- 
ment of colics in the horse.” On the considerations of the vari- 
ous methods of exploration likely to give precise information on 
the nature of the affection were mentioned: the feeling of the 
pulse, the examination of the mucous membranes, the study of 
the respiration, of the temperature of the body, that of the 
skin, the size of the abdomen, the palpation, auscultation 
and percussion of the abdominal walls, and the rectal explora- 
tion. ‘This last is most important and alone can give sound in- 
formation on the nature of the feeces, the position of the intes- 
tinal circumvolutions, their condition of repletion, the condi- 
tion of the bladder, and the presence of calculi, volvulus, 
tumors, etc. By methodic manipulations one can always arrive 
at a positive diagnosis and classify the trouble in one of the fol- 
lowing categories : overloaded stomach, obstruction of the large 
intestine, intestinal tympanites, etc. 

In relation to the treatment, the author recommends the 
following hygienic measures: walking exercise at the onset of 
the disease, as after injection of arecoline, eserine, chloride of 
barium ; turned loose in a box with plenty of straw. . . . Mas- 


113 


114 EDITORIAL. 


sage of the abdominal walls and massage of the rectum with 
closed fist so as to act upon the pelvic curvature of the large in- 
testine and upon the bladder ; rectal injections with long tube 
and a good quantity of liquid—to which a strong dose of ether 
can be added. ‘The medical treatment consists in aloes, sul- 
phate of soda, or castor oil, and milk with calomel; eserine ; 
puncture, etc. 
* i * 

The principal part of the paper relates evidently to the ap- 
plication of the internal massage for some special cases, such as 
those where it is necessary to act on the pelvic curvature of the 
colon or on the bladder. Inthe Revue Générale I find from 
Dr. P. Ferrett another indication in which this massage had 
given him excellent results, viz., in cases where there is an ab- 
normal production of gases, and in which the internal massage 
was performed by the intromission of the arm, almost in whole, 
the object of which is to facilitate the propulsion of those gases 
through the intestines and thus expulsion through the rectum 
and anus. 

To substantiate the value of his modification of the manipu- 
lations of the ordinary massage, Mr. Ferrett relates six cases 
where in a comparatively short time he gave immediate relief 
to animals suffering with severe colics. The massage has some- 
times to be renewed two or three times. One instance is men- 
tioned where the operation had to be renewed daily for six days 
for colics more or less severe alternating with periods of quiet- 
ness. In this case the colon was filled with softened feces, and 
while the massage did not give rise to great expulsion of gases, 
it nevertheless facilitated the propulsion of the feeces and their 
ultimate movement towards the rectum. 


* 
*K *K 


The modus operandi is resumed as follows: Asepsy of the 
hand, forearm and arm; uails cut short; the arm oiled to facil- 
itate its intromission. First the hand is rested on the floor of 
the rectum, its condition made out, the organ is submitted to 
massage. ‘The arm is then pushed in as far as the deltoid mus- 


EDITORIAL. eS 


cle. Most ordinarily, the last portion of the floating colon con- 
tracts over the hand and may arrest its progress. But soon the 
muscular coat relaxes and the massage of the colon, of the cz- 
cum and of intestinal circumvolutions can be proceeded with. 
Soon the peristaltic movements of the intestines are felt after 
some fifteen to twenty minutes of manipulations, and with them 
the gases begin to travel. The arm can then be gradually with- 
drawn to facilitate the escape. After five or ten minutes, the 
arm is pushed again and the massage continued. 

The intromissions must be done without great force. Some- 
times an expulsive effort from the animal may bring on slight 
prolapsus, which is readily controlled afterwards. 

In conclusion, Dr. Ferrett says: The phenomena of pains 
in colics of horses are often the result of the abnormal produc- 
tion of gases. The evacuation of these gases can be obtained by 
massage of the intestines through the rectum ; massage which 
promotes or stimulates the peristaltic action, facilitates the dis- 
placement of excrementitial products and stimulates vesical con- 
tractions. it is easy in its application, without the danger of 
serious complications and is deserving the attention of practi- 
tioners. 

* : * 

INFECTIOUS AN24MrIA.—In a previous article I related the 
investigations in which Profs. Vallée and Carré were engaged 
in the study of “infectious anzemia.” Iam able to-day to add 
some new facts which were the subject of a communication be- 
fore the Academie des Sciences, relating to the inoculability of 
the virus of the disease, its nature and the etiological conditions 
which give rise to it. 

Indeed, we are informed that it is easy to preserve the virus 
of anzemia by successive passages in the horse and that each pas- 
sage is accompanied with an increased virulency. We also are 
told that the anzemia is only one form of the disease, which is 
an infectious one, often revealing itself under other aspects, 
which permit its recognition in three forms: (1) Acute, de- 
veloping in three or four weeks, oftener quicker, and character- 


116 EDITORIAL. 


ized by constant hyperthermia, more or less marked loss of 
flesh, cedematous infiltration, special coloration of the conjunc- 
tiva, albuminuria, cardiac and locomotory troubles. (2) Sub- 
acute, lasting about two months, characterized at the onset by 
the symptoms of the acute type, but slightly milder, and end 
with the characteristic anemia. (3) Chronic form, in which, 
after an initial high elevation of temperature, is followed only 
by very slight anzemia, dullness and thermic manifestations 
more or less separated, which sometimes are the only signs of 
the infection. These three clinical types belong undoubtedly 
to only one affection ; they are experimentally reversible. In- 
oculation of one may produce either of the three. The name 
‘anemia’? does not really apply to the nature of the disease. 

The disease has been transmitted experimentally to don- 
keys. It is transmissible by the digestive tract, and an important 
observation is that animals which seem to have recovered from 
the chronic form of the disease retain still an infecting power. 

Unfortunately, however, the microbe, cause of the whole 
trouble, remains among the large class of the zzwvzszdles. 

* i = 

THE CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS.—Un- 
der the heading of ‘‘ Studies on the Clinical Diagnosis of Tuber- 
culosis in Bovines,’”’ Mr. J. Hamoir has presented inthe Azzales 
de Bruxelles the results of observations which are of good value 
and treated the subject under two principal points of view. 

The first considered is vertebral tuberculosis. From all 
opinions, if osseous tuberculosis is rare, that of the vertebre is 
rather exceptional, at least the recorded observations are very few. 
Alone Mr. Hamoir has been more fortunate than any other prac- 
titioner, as in a few years he has witnessed four cases, has ob- 
served the same symptoms and found similar lesions. 

It is in the dorsal region that the disease seenis more spe- 
cially localized, the lesion affecting exclusively or principally 
the body of the bone, although the annular portion has been 
found diseased by Morot. A fact, important to the point of 
view of inspection of meat, is that the alteration on the’ bone is 


EDITORIAL. TR; 


not visible on the compact tissue—it is only the spongy struc- 
ture, and the longitudinal section of the bone is necessary to ex- 
pose it. 

The symptoms by which one might suspect tuberculosis 
during life can be briefly resumed as follows: ‘‘ Disturbance in 
locomotory actions, not characteristic at first; the animal is 
stiff, the hind-quarters seem to be badly attached to the fore 
parts of the animal, during the execution of the movements 
propelling the’ body forward. In some cases there is only a dif- 
ficulty in turning. Later on, in walking, the dorso-lumbar col- 
umn has lateral and supero-inferior flexions, which are abnor- 
mal. The animal waddles in walking.” There is a difference 
between this pztchzng of the body and the rolling of the men- 
ingo-spinal tuberculosis. The dorso-lumbar column is very 
sensitive to pressure, and as the disease progresses the animal 
has difficulty to get up, the walk becomes staggering and dec- 
ubitus is frequent and long. While urinating, the animal lit- 
erally drops down on his hocks and assumes the position of 
young dogs micturating. After a month or six weeks the ani- 
mal remains constantly lying down, bed sores take place, and 
the general condition breaks dowa. Anyhow, during that time, 
other symptoms have developed which assists the conclusion of 
a diagnosis. But at the beginning that is impossible, the 
manifestations being attributed to a violent biow on the back, a 
fall or any other traumatic cause. 

Such was the case in the first that Mr. Hamoir observed. In 
the second case he hesitated in his diagnosis. In the third he 
was positive. In the fourth he was doubtful. Tuberculosis, 
however, was found in all. 

* c * 

The second part of the work of Mr. Hamoir has for object 
chronic meteorism, which according to many is a syndrome of 
great signification in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and which is 
attributed to the tubercular hypertrophy of the lymphatic glands 
situated between the two pleural sheaths of the posterior medi- 
astinum. ‘The symptomatic tympanites of mediastinal adeno- 


118 EDITORIAL. 


tuberculosis is typical and the characters specific. ‘It occurs 
suddenly, without known alimentary cause. The swelling at 
the flank is remittent, or more rarely intermittent. There is 
absence of all other digestive troubles, rapid dropping of the 
rumen after puncture or cesophageal catheterism. Complete 
inefficacy of medical treatment.” Those symptoms are seldom 
deceitful. The opinion of Guittard differs from that of Hamoir. 
Guittard says: ‘‘Tympanites which is not accompanied with 
arrest of rumination or with characteristic symptoms of diseases 
of the digestive tract, belong to tuberculosis. When tympani- 
tes is great and rumination takes place but sometime after a 
meal, tuberculosis is principally thoracic. When tympanites is 
well marked and rumination is neither disturbed nor arrested 
tuberculosis is principally abdominal. In all cases where the 
diagnosis is doubtful, the symptom tympanites, not belonging to 
any gastro-intestinal affection, is characteristic.” 

In conclusion of his remarks, Hamoir relates seven cases 
confirming the data of his clinical studies, and among which 
there is one where the glandular tuberculosis had produced 
such hypertrophy of the glands that the animal died by suffoca- 
tion. He also relates one where the chronic tympanites gave 
rise to an error of diagnosis, that of tuberculosis, which was 
complicated by diaphragmatic hernia of the reticulum. 

* ii * 

TRANSMISSION OF SYPHILIS TO HorsEs.—In December 
last, before the Medical Society of Berlin, Mr. Piorkowski made 
a communication on the results he has obtained on the trans- 
mission of syphilis to animals and principally to horses. He 
has operated by injections into the veins and in the subcutaneous 
cellular tissue. The doses he employed varied between 5 and 
10 c.c. for each injection. In one horse, four weeks after inoc- 
ulation, and without having had any primary accident, he ob- 
served the appearance of some hundred papulz over different 
parts of the body. These little nodosities which looked like 
““summer sores’? were covered with thin scabs, which were 
scraped off, followed by crusts. Several weeks later, the sub- 


EDITORIAL. 119 


glossal lymphatic glands showed a marked swelling, not pain- 
ful. Outside of this, there was nothing, the animal was in per- 
fect health and its blood inoculated to other animals to control 
its virulency, gave rise to no results. 

Does this prove that syphilis can be transmitted to the 
horse? Notwithstanding their clinical and histological resem- 
blance to the pimples of the summer season, the cutaneous 
papula: in this observation existed, at least not in a warm sea- 
son, and their bloodvessels showed in their adventitious wall 
a marked infiltration of small cells, without alteration of the 
endothelium. On the other side, the absence of an initial chan- 
croid lesion at the point of inoculation seems to upset the pos- 
sibility of a syphilitic infection. 

In operating in the same manner with the rabbit, Mr. 
Piorkowski has obtained on the inoculated spot, at the ear, an 
eruption and an adenopathy of the maxilliary glands, while a 
witness inoculated with normal human blood had only given 
negative results. 

The question is still being studied. 

VETERINARY LITERATURE.—A little bibliography to finish. 
The “ Veterinary Encyclopcedia” of Prof. Cadéac, of which I 
have in these pages so often spoken, has had recently a new 
addition. ‘‘The Surgical] Pathology of the Skin and of the 
Bloodvessels,” by Prof. Cadéac, has just been issued. Published 
by the house of Baillére et fils, the work is presented in the 
same neat aspect as the previous volumes and forms another 
good addition to the collection. Under the heading of “Skin 
and Subcutaneous Tissue,” we find, first, solipeds, with the va- 
rious traumatisms; then the erythemas, microbian dermatitis, 
the foreign bodies, epithelial growths, tumors and parasitic der- 
matosis. In a second chapter the similar affections in cattle 
are alluded to, and ina third chapter those in dogs and birds. 
The consideration of the pathology of the bloodvessels treats of 
veins first, with their traumatic lesions and varicous conditions ; 
afterwards arteries and finally lymphatics. Under a chapter of 


120 EDITORIAL. 


lymphatic glands, adenitis is considered. Written without pre- 
tention and exceedingly practical, this excellent little volume 
of a little over goo pages will no doubt be welcome in the li- 
brary of veterinarians. All of it for the modest sumof 5 fs. 
(one dollar). 

Speaking of communications I received from the States, I 
mentioned lately that I had found in one of my mails the an- 
nual catalogue of the publishing house of Mr. A. Eger. To-day 
while I am speaking of ‘‘ Cadéac’s Encyclopedia,” I cannot re- 
frain from asking how the house of A. Eger can advertise as 
‘“‘in preparation,” “to be ready very soon,” a work translated 
byD> Fo Hannigan, B.. Ac: LB. and: A, a "Baker Verse 
Dean of the Chicago Veterinary College, when translators and 
publishers have not received the authorization from the origi- 
nal authors nor from the French editor. The work is adver- 
tised at four dollars. Is that the excuse? 

xs OS 

I have also received from P.~A. Fish, D. Sc., D. V. M., Pro: 
fessor of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology at the New 
York State Veterinary College, Cornell University, two little 
souvenirs. One is entitled ‘“‘ Veterinary Doses and Prescription 
Writing,” the other ‘‘Abstracts of the Work Done in My Labo- 
ratory.” 

First of all, I must congratulate the Doctor. If Iam not 
mistaken, he is the first one who claims this title, ‘‘ professor of 
veterinary physiology.” A veterinarian himself, I am sure he 
is the fitted person for such a chair. He is the only one in all 
my catalogues, and I have plenty who are entered as such. Of 
course, many of the gentlemen who fill that chair in our veteri- 
nary schools teach physiology, but do they teach veterinary 
physiology, is another question. 

To return to the souvenirs of Prof. Fish, I will say that his 
little ‘‘ Veterinary Doses”’ is a neat attempt, a bashful entrance 
for a much more important and valuable work. Yet, small as 
it is, many interesting points will be found in it, and as a means 
to get ready and quick information upon the doses of drugs to 


aia apt EO 


EDITORIAL. 121 


be given to a horse or a cow, a sheep or a swine, a dog and of 
course a cat, the busy practitioner will find it necessary to 
always carry it in his pocket. 

The abstracts contain the programme of the department of 
Physiology and Pharmacology of which Dr. Fish is the profes- 
sor, with articles of work carried out in his laboratory. Oneon 
echinacea in veterinary practice, another on the digestive action 
of bile in some domestic animals, a third on the use of calcium 
sulphide in the treatment of poll-evil and fistulous withers, and 
finally one on the effect of certain drugs upon blood pressure 
and cardiac inhibition in the horse. We are promised by the 
Doctor the publication of other abstracts. We all will welcome 
them, Iam sure. At last veterinary physiology has a represen- 
tative in America. ere, 


THE EDUCATIONAL PROBLEM. 


The burning question before the veterinary profession to- 
day is the harmonizing of the institutions granting diplomas in 
this country. Looked at from whatever viewpoint, the convic- 
tion is forced upon the observer that substantial progress is 
difficult and delusive under the system which prevails at pres- 
ent upon the North American continent. The profession has 
successfully met every problem in the past; it will find a way 
to circumvent the present crisis in our march toward the higher 
plane which we are entitled to occupy by virtue of the impor- 
tance of the science and its relation to other learned professions. 
To accomplish this readily and with as few errors and hinderances 
as possible it must receive from the representatives of the or- 
ganized profession constant thought and agitation. The logi- 
cal forum for the consideration of this matter is the convention 
hall of the American Veterinary Medical Association. All other 
channels are either contributary or the result of the action ta- 
ken there. For instance, the discussion in the professional 
journals, or by contributed theses before State or local veteri- 
nary associations but mould sentiment and stimulate activity in 
the members of the National Association. The suggested reor- 


122 EDITORIAL. 


ganization of the Association of Faculties to deal directly with 
the schools is secondary and a result of the action taken by the 
central body, which includes upon its roll the great majority of 
the men who do things in this country. It must, therefore, be 
regarded as the source from which all real national reforms in 
the educational, legal and inoral status of the veterinary medi- 

cal profession must be derived. : 

An impetus of considerable magnitude was given this prob- 
lem at the St. Louis meeting Jast August. The report of the 
Committee on Intelligence and Education reviewed each school 
and analyzed its announcement in the light of the fulfilment 
of its claims. Dr. Liautard in his contributed paper, ‘‘ Needed 
Reforms in Veterinary Education,” made a somewhat extended 
journey among the catalogues of the various colleges, and 
his inquiries as he travelled from school to school convine- 
ingly demonstrated that there was little in common between 
many which claimed a place in the galaxy of American veteri- 
nary colleges. In the discussion which followed the reading of 
these two important documents, it was shown that all of the 
members were not of one mind as to what could and should be 
done to bring the divergent conditions into a more harmonious 
state—to the end that a man seeking his professional education 
shall receive a definite technical training whether the school be 
located on the Atlantic Seaboard or the Pacific Slope, in the Ca- 
nadian Dominion or in the Southern States, or elsewhere, and 
thus insure that the title of ‘‘ veterinarian” will stand for a 
known quantity without reference to the school which conferred 
the degree. No real reform can maintain which fails to grasp 
this consummation. ‘The means of arriving at that end consti- 
tutes in our judgment the greatest problem which has yet con- 
fronted us. 

To meet it will require the best thoughts of the best minds 
in the profession. It will require magnanimity, self-abnega- 
tion, conservatisin, liberal mindedness, and diplomacy. It can- 
not be accomplished all at once. A little this year, more the 
next. The first turn in the wheel was given at St. Louis; an- 


EDITORIAL. 123 


other cog must click at Cleveland. It behooves every member 
of the A. V. M. A. to give the subject earnest thought, so that 
when thesubject is approached he may have well-matured ideas 
to contribute to the discussion. 


TENNESSEE IN LINE. 

Just before the REVIEW forms closed for this number word 
reached us that the veterinarians of Tennessee have succeeded 
in placing upon the statute books a law “regulating the prac- 
tice of veterinary medicine and veterinary surgery in the State 
of Tennessee, and to define and punish offenses committed in 
violation of this Act.” 

To those acquainted with conditions in the South, the work 
of the very small and scattered profession in Andrew Jackson’s 
home appears most stupendous, reflecting the greatest credit 
upon our Southern confréres, and speaking volumes for their 
energy and influence. Dr. George R. White, of Nashville, who 
framed the bill, and was its recognized champion, worked inces- 
santly for it night and day for more than a month, never relax- 
ing until the Governor’s signature was affixed to the document. 
Taken inconnection with his M. D. degree from the University 
of Nashville, and his extensive practice, he has evidently had a 
strenuous winter’s work. 

Missouri! Maine!! Tennessee!!! 

Next ! 

Will it be Nebraska ? 


A YEAR OR MorRE AGO we predicted that the persistency 
of the Maine Veterinary Medical Association in its struggle to 
secure a law regulating the practice of veterinary medicine in 
that State could not fail to be rewarded by success. Just a little 
bunch of devoted men, but with the courage born of abiding 
faith in the justice of their cause, they forced respect and secured 
recognition, by gradually enlisting the aid of influential legis- 
lators, until finally this winter they bent every energy and rest- 
ed not until they placed on the statute books a registration bill 


124 EDITORIAL. 


which is quite satisfactory to them. What has been done in 
Maine, can be duplicated in every State not already in possess- 
ion of a veterinary law, if only the Maine spirit prevails. Full 
details will be found elsewhere in this number. 


“ RUPTURE OF THE PRE-PUBIAN TENDON IN THE PREG- 
NANT MARE” is the title of an illustrated article in course of 
preparation by Dr. W. L. Williams for REVIEw readers, and will 
be ready for the June number. 


MARYLAND BEGINS VON BEHRING’S VACCINATION AGAINST 
TUBERCULOSIS.—The following special dispatch to the Balti- 
more Suz explains itself: .‘ College Park, Ma., April 12.— 
The Veterinary Department of the Maryland Agricultural Ex- 
periment Station began the practical application on Monday of 
the method of immunization of cattle against tuberculosis known 
as the von Behring method. Prof. E. von Behring, the origi- 
nator of this method, is director of the Marbourg Institute for 
Research Against Infectious Diseases, of Marbourg, Germany, 
and originator of the method of treatment of diphtheria by anti- 
toxin in human beings. At this time no claim is made for it as 
a curative means, but exclusively as a preventive, through 
the production of an increased resistance to tubercular infection. 
Calves under 12 weeks old receive a small amount of the im- 
munizing substance directly into the circulating blood and 12 
weeks later receive a second dose five times larger than the first. 
These two inoculations increase the resistance and cattle are 
said to be immune for the rest of their lives to tubercular infec- 
tion. The immunizing substance is living bacilli of human 
origin and nonvirulent for cattle. In Europe over 15,000 head 
have been treated by this method and the results have been 
highly satisfactory. Dr. S. S. Buckley, veterinarian of the Ex- 
periment Station, and Dr. Wilfried Lellman, professor of path- 
ology at the New York-American Veterinary College, began the 
work on five calves of the Maryland Experiment Station herd 
on Monday, and others will receive the first inoculation this 
week. It is intended to extend this method as far as possible 
and closely observe its influence upon the eradication of the dis- 
ease. Although the method has been in use for some years, it 
is only recently that its application has become widespread, and 
years, of course, must elapse before its bearing on human tuber- 
culosis will be apparent.” 


GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR OR NOT? 125 


ORIGINAL ARTICLES. 


GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR OR NOT? 


THE GOVERNMENT INSPECTORSHIP IN THE UNITED STATES 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AS A CAREER. 


By D. ARTHUR HUGHES, PH. D., D. V. M., CORNELL UNIVERSITY, 
GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR, East St. Louls. 


There has never yet been, as far as I am aware, a complete 
exposition of the theme: the government inspectorship in the 
United States Department of Agriculture asa career. At the 
outset I wish to disclaim any intention to be an advocate of this 
or any other sphere of activity. In my reflection on this sub- 
ject I have attempted in every turn of my thought to apply the 
rules of scientific investigation in a rigorous analysis of every 
phase of the subject which has occurred to me in my contem- 
plation, in the hope that a dispassionate and disinterested treat- 
ment of the theme may appeal to those who love the truth for 
its own sake and who wish to look into the subject sagely and 
calmly. Advocates are apt to distort the truth for personal 
ends. ‘The office of the scientific mind is to search for the 
truth regardless of consequences. The scientific man investi- 
gating even this kind of a subject must, in the process of his 
inquiry, examine every nook and cranny that no points which 
may illumine the theme as a whole may be lost. 

Let us make an examination then, first, of the complete 
meaning of the phrase ‘‘ Government Inspector”; second, let us 
see what there is of importance or dignity in the work of in- 
spection ; third, let us inquire what the advantages of an inspec- 
torship are ; fourth, what its disadvantages are. 


I. INTERPRETATION OF THE PHRASE, GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR : 
WHAT THE PHRASE EMBRACES. 


A. Why the term “ meat inspectcr”’ does not suffice. 


There is nothing more disquieting to the temper nor more 
deluding to the intelligence than the loose use of a term or 


126 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


phrase. From year to year the veterinary colleges and the stu- 
dents thereof go on speaking of ‘‘meat inspection” and “ meat 
inspector ’’ without any clear understanding of the phrases they 
are using and with confused notions of what inspection, as it is 
understood by the Department of Agriculture, really means. The 
truth is, the phrase ‘‘ meat inspector’? had best be abandoned 
altogether and the longer, but clear and more inclusive term, 
Federal veterinary inspector, be substituted for it. Meat inspec- 
tion, the examination of carcasses or parts of carcasses intended 
for food for diseases which make them condemnable, is, as we 
shall soon see, only a small part of the work that may be re- 
quired of a Federal veterinary inspector. Many forms of the 
work of a Federal veterinary inspector are in no sense meat in- 
spection. [he common people in the packing centres and else- 
where speak of the Federal veterinary inspector simply as “ gov- 
ernment inspector,” which contradistinguishes him from mer- 
cantile inspectors employed by the packing firms in various 
branches of their work. In this paper for convenience we have 
adopted the same term ; for in the places and at the times when 
it is used it is sufficiently suggestive and does not mislead those 
who use it. On analysis we will find that the phrase ‘‘ Federal 
veterinary inspector,’ or ‘‘ government inspector”? may mean: 
1. An inspector, ante-mortem, of animals in stock yards at a 
packing centre ; 2. An inspector of carcasses or their parts, that is 
post-mortem inspection in a packing house; 3. the assistant chief- 
ship or chiefship of the government work in a packing centre ; 4. 
A higher official in the Inspection Division of,the Department of 
Agriculture; 5. A U.S. animal quarantine officer in the inte- 
rior of the country, on the coast or abroad; 6. Under a slight 
change of name,a worker in the pathologic, biochemic, zodlogic 
laboratories at Washington ; 7. A dairy inspector. 
B. The government inspector in a packing centre. What the 
term government inspector may mean in a packing town. 
First of all the term government inspector may mean a vet- 
erinarian who inspects animals before death in the stock yards 
of a packing town. ‘The Federal law reads: ‘‘an ante-mortem 


ae 


GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR OR NOT? 127 


examination shall be made of all animals arriving at the public 
stock yards and intended for slaughter at abattoirs at which 
this Department has established inspection when said animals 
are weighed; or, if not weighed, this inspection shall be made 
in the pens.” Of course under the necessities of trade not all 
animals which come into a public stock yard at which inspec- 
tion has been established are sold and slaughtered in the adjoin- 
ing abattoirs. The stock yards are always considered by the 
Department infected so that the interpretation of the law has 
come to mean that all animals whatsoever, that come into the 
public stock yards and are placed in the pens, whether they are 
sold or not, are to be inspected. The ante-mortem inspection of 
animals by government inspectors for diseases other than those 
which are infectious for animals or man isa valuable part of the 
Federal veterinary work, inasmuch as it eliminates the effects 
upon man’s physical organism of diseased condition arising from 
the consumption of meats from sick animals or animals in ex- 
tremely low condition. But the ante-mortem inspector of ani- 
mals is more than a guardian from such diseases; he is a quar- 
antine officer as well. He hasin mind two things: infections 
coming into the yards; the prevention of infections spreading 
from the yards. The rule that all animals which alight in the 
yards should and must be inspected is necessary for several rea- 
sons: it being granted that the yards are infected, the precau- 
tions which the ante-mortem inspector must take are that no 
animal found infected with a contagion shall be allowed to pass 
from the yards upon further travel to other points or markets ; 
that it shall be sold and killed subject to inspection after death. 
Thus in the case of a herd of swine coming into the yards in- 
fected with hog cholerait is the duty of the ante-mortem inspec- 
tor : to detect the dtsease when the animals land, to report the 
lot, to forbid the passage of the lot from the yards, to require 
slaughter under post-mortem inspection at the adjoining abat- 
toirs, to order the disinfection of the cars in which the lot came. 


In the same way when Texas fever is found in cattle coming 


into the yards the same process obtains. 


12 


D 


D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


In the second place the term government inspector may have 
the simple meaning of meat inspector. ‘The government in- 
spector here has one function, to wit: the inspection of carcasses 
or their parts that he may separate meats, which, under the 
Federal regulations, are unfit for food from those fit for food and 
to see to the disposal of the unfit according to law. Roughly 
speaking the diseases sought for may be placed in two groups: 
meats containing diseases transmissible to man; meats in such 
a state of disease, which, though the disease is not of microbian 
origin, make them unfit for food. The chief difficulty a post- 
mortem inspector has is to decide just what is fit for food and 
what is unfit. Much good sense and calm judgment is needed. 
A careless and wilful condemnation of a carcass that is only in 
an incipient state of a disease which is on the condemnation 
list is considered an unwarranted destruction of property and 
subject to protest from the owners. Consequently in recent years 
there has been added to reprints and revisements of the original 
inspection law a large body of interpretative details to which 
the inspector must refer to settle his judgment as to whether a 
particular carcass he has tagged is condemnable or non-condem- 
nable. The chief business details of the day’s work for a post- 
mortem inspector are: the singling out carcasses to be con- 
demned ; tagging the condemnable and sealing tags on such car- 
casses ; locking offal carcasses in the government cage; tanking 
carcasses which are condemned either for offal or lard; keeping 
notes on the amounts killed, the number condemned, what for, 
with account of lesions found and nightly reporting these de- 
tails to Washington. 

The chief and assistant chief of the government inspection 
in a packing town are also government inspectors. 

The function of the assistant chief should be clear. He is 
an administrative officer or assistant to the government chief of 
a station, the latter called officially the inspector in charge. 
The assistant chief of a station is commissioned direct from 
Washington, and may be appointed from any station—set of 
stock yards and abattoirs ina packing town—which has Federal 


GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR OR NOT? 129 


inspection at any point in the country. ‘The basis of choice is: 
length of service, the man’s record during his service as assis- 
tant inspector or full inspector under assistant chiefs of stations 
and chiefs of stations elsewhere. His work is extensive and 
his path often a thorny one. With the counsel and agreement 
of the chief, or inspector in charge, he has: 1. directive power, 
that is he gives orders where inspectors, stock examiners or 
taggers are to work, or, in other words, states what work ina 
station each is to undertake. 2. He has the right of supervis- 
ion of the work, that is he goes around to all parts of the stock 
yards and all parts of the abattoirs at times unknown to gov- 
ernment employés and studies the efficiency of the government 
inspectors, stock examiners and taggers; he looks to the 
promptitude of the men; he guards against carelessness on 
their part ; he gives notice of the new orders from Washington ; 
he passes upon carcasses condemned. 3. He has the right of 
transfer. ‘Transference of the inspectors at a station by a sys- 
tem of rotation back and forth from inspection before death to 
after death, or vice versa, or from one kind of post-mortem work 
to another is part of the regular system of the management of 
the employés. Thus a man may be a month or two inspect- 
ing cattle post-mortem, a month or two on sheep or hogs, or in 
the yards on ante-mortem work. Constant rotation of the in- 
spectors is the rule. The reasons for the system are: it trains 
the men in all forms of inspection and gives them experience 
in each kind of work; it prevents monotony, for a change 
sharpens and energizes the mind; it gives an opportunity for 
the inspector to study a variety of diseases and the details of 
the law as it is applied to them, in other words the inspector 
becomes familiar with the diseases to be looked for as required 
by law; rotation of the men also keeps them independent of 
the packers or whomsoever may desire to get an inspector un- 
der his wing by concessions or favors, for by rotation the in- 
spector cannot become too friendly or too well acquainted ;_ ro- 
tation also teaches policy and finesse in dealing with men, for 
he sees the methods and schemes of men and their ways and 


130 D. AKTHUR HUGHES. 


dealings, learns how often silence is golden and the wisdom of 
prudence ; lastly the system of rotation serves the people’s in- 
terests by tending. to clear up false impressions and enabling 
the inspector to be sane on points where, in his work, the large 
interests of the public are at stake. The transfer of the men 
from place to place in a station is at the will of the assistant 
chief after counsel and agreement of the chief. 

In the station there is only one officer who is above him, the 
chief or inspector in charge of a station. The function of the 
chief must be obvious from the name: he is the officer in com- 
plete charge of all the government work at a station. What 
kind of men are chiefs, may be asked. They are the older and 
wiser heads among the men in the Inspection Division of the 
Department of Agriculture. A chief usually has had from five 
to fifteen years of actual experience in the civil service work of 
the line in which he is working; he has seen every side and 
phase of the work; knows the prudence with which the law is 
interpreted ; has learned the necessity of policy in dealing with 
the various sorts and conditions of men in the business ; in years 
he is older than his fellow-inspectors ; he is a veterinarian with 
considerable knowledge of what may be called applied pathol- 
ogy, or knowledge of pathology in its application to industrial 
needs. He is commissioned from Washington and is appointed 
from among the civil service men strictly on length of service, 
actual adjudged merit, and on a study of his known character- 
istics which assure success. 

The official capacity and duties of a chief must be explained. 
The chief is the government’s autocrat or charge d’affaires at an 
official station. He is charged with the application and enforce- 
ment of the law. ‘The only place to which he looks for orders 
is Washington, with which he is in constant communication. 
His word is unquestionably final; in all matters pertaining to 
the placement and transfer of all government officers under him 
in the official station; in all questions of dispute whether given 
carcasses should be condemned or whether certain animals are 
condemnable ; in all questions raised by commission men, pack- 


GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR OR NOT ? 131 


ing house authorities or inspectors as to the interpretation of the 
law. Some of his duties, therefore, are: direction of all gov- 
ernment employés in a station ; to act as intermediary and spokes- 
man for Washington from which all mandates come; to in- 
terpret and administer the regulations. He gives direction on 
the proper meaning and understanding of the regulations. He 
studies inspection methods, notes down improvements possible, 
recommends changes in methods of inspection when they seem 
to be for the good of the service. Moreover he is an executor 
of the law. He sees to the enforcement of the ante-mortem reg- 
ulations. He enforces the post-mortem regulations. He is re- 
sponsible for the labelling of all carcasses and their parts which 
have passed post-mortem and for the stamping of all parcels con- 
taining inspected meats. He is executor of the law with regard 
to shipments of meat interstate or export, for he is responsible 
for the sealing of cars containing inspected meats which are 
making for other pointsin the States or for the coast. Further- 
more he sees to the enforcement of the animal quarantine laws. 
He gives notices of the movements of animals from his station 
by letter or telegram to inspectors in charge of stations for which 
animals have embarked. He has charge of the disinfection of 
cars coming into the yards which have contained animals pos- 
sessed of contagion. He settles questions of required sale, for 
example in cases of scabies and Texas fever. When animals 
are dipped in his station he sends out notices of the movements 
of such animals, if they are to be transmitted elsewhere, to in- 
spectors in charge. 

A summary of the points thus far covered reveals the large 
meaning of the phrase government inspector as opposed to the 
phrase meat inspector. We have found that a government in- 
spector in the employ of the Department of Agriculture may be 
an examiner of animals ante-mortem or post-mortem, an officer 
supervising this work in all its phases or an officer in charge of 
all government men in the Department of Agriculture at the 
station. 


132 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


C. The government inspector as a higher official in the Inspec- 
tion Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry. 

The rule of transfer whereby men are kept in rotation in a 
station that the value of the men may be studied and that they 
may see all sides of the work applies in other ways besides those 
I have already mentioned. Besides being rotated from one kill- 
ing floor to another or from one abattoir to another or from an 
abattoir to the yards, the men may ask for and receive transfer 
to another official station, East or West, as the case may be. It 
is seen by the authorities who grant such transfers that allow- 
ing the transfer of individuals to other parts of the country: 
tends to make them more satisfied ; sometimes improves their 
health, gives them a chance to study, breeds contentment and 
in the aggregate tends to the good of the service. Again, the 
rule of transfer applies in yet another way. Men may be asked 
to go to such and such a place or they may be given orders to 
go to such and such a place because they have been found fit 
and the change would be for the good of the service. 

In this way the rule of transfer applies to higher officialdom. 
Men who show efficiency and aptitude by reason: of faculty ; 
of knowledge of the work as a result of college training and its 
application in experience; of policy in dealing with men and 
ability to get along with men; of fidelity, trustworthiness and 
obedience ; of business capacity ; of years which ripen the judg- 
ment; ofa desire to excel, of a desire to lead, of a desire to give 
play toambition—such men are marked for higher office. It is 
this kind of a man who has seen all sides of the work, who has 
gained the confidence of the chiefs by reason of real worth, who 
has had a long stretch of experience, the reports of the efficiency 
of whom'by the chiefs have always been high—it is this kind of 


a man who, when an opening comes, will be asked to take © 


charge of a station somewhere. 

Where are such men found and where are they placed? 
Such ambitious spirits live in hope and expectancy of being 
made inspector in charge of a station. Because of the oppor- 
tunities for ample experience this caste is usually found in the 


ee ee ee 


GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR OR NOT? 133 


stations at the great packing centres. Obviously men of the 
tight kind at such stations stand the best chance of promotion. 
In this way a man of five to seven years’ experience may be 
given charge of one of the smaller stations like some of the sta- 
tions in Iowa. Later with increasing efficiency and proven 
ability as a chief he may be sent toa larger station. The De- 
partment reserves the right of transfer of eficient men, of what- 
ever grade, from one station to another. Thus, in the move- 
ment upward, a man may be transferred to the chiefship ofa 
small station, of a larger one—and so on, whenever and 
wherever the good of the service seems to call for a certain kind 
of man. 

Higher officialdom embraces many kinds of positions, all in 
their way important and deemed desirable by the ambitious. 
There is, first, the chiefship of an important packing centre. 
Many of the by cities like New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, 
Boston, St. Louis, and others which are cardinal points in the 
export or interstate live-stock or meat trade, are official stations 
with corps of officers of the Bureau of Animal Industry, De- 
partment of Agriculture, in them. Each corps must be headed 
by a chief. These are the berths desired by the ambitious. 
There is, second, the officials in charge of export animals at the 
sea ports. The government, at ports of embarkation like New 
York and Baltimore, has stationed officers whose duty is the 
supervision of the export trade in live animals. The provis- 
ions of the law are definite on points with regard to air space, 
head stalls, spacing or distance between animals. The provis- 
ion is for the safety, healthfulness and comfort of the animals; 
it is the enemy of cruelty and the safeguard against loss of ani- 
mals on the high seas. Capable veterinary officers are there- 
fore necessary at the sea ports to attend to obedience to the law 
on the part of captains and owners of sea-going vessels carrying 
live stock. There are, third, some foreign employés of the 
Bureau of Animal Industry. Some government veterinary in-— 
spectors are needed at foreign ports like Liverpool and London 
_ and Glasgow to inspect high-bred animals intended for Ameri- 


134 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


can import. Such animals must be strictly examined for infec- 
tious disease as a preventive measure. A desirable position 
this, thinks the ambitious man. Fourth, government inspec- 
tors are needed near our Canadian and Mexican borders. There 
is a constant influx of animals from these countries. The great 
American packing companies are opening immense plants in 
Mexico and absorbing the Mexican live-stock trade. Animals 
are crossing the Canadian boundaries so that there and on the 
Mexican frontier the administration of the animal quarantine 
laws must be attended to: but by whom? By trusty men 
whom the Federal government has learned by experience can be 
depended upon to take charge. Fifth, all animals entering sea- 
ports to enter tht American live-stock trade must be quaran- 
tined at the port fora period that they may be watched and 
that importation of foreign infection may be prevented. Men 
of excellence in character, experience and mentality are needed 
and are used as government inspectors in charge of these quar- 
antine stations, notably that of Athenia, N. J., which is the 
quarantine station for the port of New York. ‘There is, sixth, 
an opportunity for the ambitious and the capable to rise to the 
position of travelling inspector with duty to study the methods 
of application of the inspection regulations, search for improve- 
ments, supervise, under Washington, the corps of government 
inspectors of the Inspection Division throughout the country. 
D. The government inspector as a United States quarantine 
officer ; tnspector, Quarantine Division, Department of Ag- 
riculture. 

First of all what is the Quarantine Division, what is its func- 
tion and from whence does it obtain its men? The Quarantine 
Division is a separate division of the Bureau of Animal Indus- 
try, though of course part of its organic unity, supported by the 
bounty of Congress by especial appropriations. The conduct of 
the division is vested in a separate officer or chief whose function, 
under the Chief of the Bureau and the Secretary of Agriculture, 
is to execute the United States animal quarantine laws pertain- 
ing to the prevention and suppression of contagious diseases 


i ie ie a el el I ll, ee ee 


GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR OR NOT? foe 


among animals. The chief of this division, as is true of all his 
subordinates, is a veterinarian. The mento do the work of this 
division are obtained chiefly from among the government in- 
spectors of the Inspection Division, and they are chosen on the 
basis of experience in .packing houses ; the choice favors un- 
married men; older men, who because of years, experience and 
presentation of a dignified bearing can command respect ; men 
with a taste for the work. 

Secondly, what is the work of this division? Its work aims 
at the control and diminution of contagious diseases already ex- 
isting in animals, with the purpose of final eradication. A mo- 
ment’s reflection will discover how extensive its work must be. 
There is the Texas fever quarantine, sometimes called the 
South-eastern and South-western quarantine, the purpose of 
which is the prevention of the spread of Texas fever above, that 
is north of, the Texas fever line; to push the Texas fever line 
further south ; to work for the ultimate suppression of the dis- 
ease in America. The government inspection which works for 
these ends is carried on through the aid of travelling quarantine 
government inspectors who work near, either above or below, 
the Texas fever line, investigating the extent of the disease near 
the line. The inspectors make complete canvass for the disease 
in counties, districts or townships under orders from Washing- 
ton, report in full the minutize of these canvasses. From knowl- 
edge thus obtained quarantine orders are sent out to the agricul- 
tural regions. The line is thus pushed continually southward. 
For the purpose of further aid towards this end, U. S. quaran- 
tine stations are established on or near the Texas fever line 
where government inspectors are permanently stationed. These 
stations are, as it were, centres of circles, the circle being the 
region round about a station; from the station the inspector 
keeps in touch with pathologic conditions in the region and 
reports his findings to Washington. There is, again, the quar- 
antine against scabies in sheep, the object of which is to collect 
information on the extent of the disease among sheep in the in- 
fested regions, to keep watch for its appearance in new places ; 


136 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


to scatter information among the owners in the region; to pre- 
vent the movemert of scabby sheep except under U. S. regula- 
tions ; to attend to the dipping of sheep for the destruction of 
the mites. The work is carried on chiefly in the Central and 
Western States by government inspectors sent to reside in 
the infested regions and by the aid of government travelling 
quarantine inspectors. ‘There is, further, the quarantine against 
scabies in horses carried on along the same lines among solipeds 
in the Northwest and West. ‘There is, furthermore, the great 
work of the quarantine against cattle mange, the interest in 
which has recently been heightened by the Federal government’s 
determination to take hold of the work of fighting against it. 
The might of the arm of the Federal government is now being 
exercised for the control of the disease because it was found 
that the lack of unanimity among the States where the pest ex- 
isted dissipated whatever energies they did put forth against the ~ 
disease. A study of the place and extent of this disease, the 
comparative futility of the confederated efforts of the State quar- 
antine associations where the disease prevailed to attend to it, 
reveals the necessity of powerful exercise of Federal authority in 
these cases. ‘There seemed to be an incapacity of individual 
States to control the disease; no united effort of a similar kind 
without a possibility of overlapping somewhere, and interfering 
with rights and authority of other States. Under a single lead- 
ership and acommand looking towards definite control there 
could be exercised by the Federal arm a might which is impos- 
sible under State quarantine. ‘The Federal authority has there- 
fore assumed charge of the work for its authority granted by 
Congress in the national animal quarantine laws gives it the 
qualities and the strength which no confederated efforts of the 
States can possibly have. The method of the Quarantine Di- 
vision of the Bureau of Animal Industry in this case has been to 
send United States quarantine inspectors to aid and abet the 
work of the States, to study the conditions, to watch for new 
outbreaks of the disease, to report all details, to dip cattle for 
destruction of the parasites, to exercise every effort for control 


GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR OR NOT? 137 


of the disease. The new Federal quarantine law of February, 
1905, tends further to overcome the difficulties experienced 
under State quarantine in the Northwest. 

But the Quarantine Division has another sphere: for the 
United States animal quarantine inspector may become either 
an emergency quarantine officer of the Department of Agricul- 
ture in the case new infections get a foothold in this country or 
he may be a quarantine officer empowered to prevent the introduc- 
tion of new diseases among animals from Europe. ‘That was a 
grave experience the nation had when pleuro-pneumonia was 
running riot among the cattle of the country in the seventies. 
More than anything else it was the astonishing value of veteri- 
nary inspectors employed by the Commissioner of Agriculture 
in that emergency, shown in the intelligent action against that 
disease which led to the foundation of the Bureau of Animal 
Industry in the early eighties. The experience was not for- 
gotten so that when foot-and-mouth disease broke out in New 
Engiand in 1902-1903 there were in the employ of the Fed- 
eral government seasoned quarantine inspectors ready to take 
up the work at once of stamping out the disease. The ra- 
pidity and the ease with which the work was done was due 
to the employed intelligence of the Bureau. Besides being an 
emergency officer the quarantine inspector may be stationed 
on the coast to watch animals landing at the haven for im- 
‘portation of infection. The dread, for example, of rinderpest 
from the Philippines on one side and from Europe on the other 
impresses us with the usefulness of such a quarantine. 
£. The government inspector's opportunities for entrance into 

other Divistons of the Bureau of Animal Industry, Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, aside from the purely Inspection and 
Quarantine Divisions. 

The Bureau of Animal Industry, Department of Agriculture, 
-in common with other departments of the government, is con- 
stantly, no doubt, on the lookout for men of marked ability 
to occupy positions of trust. Men with high scientific training; 
with the widened training in the application of the veterinary 


138 D. ARTHUkK HUGHES. 


sciences to the animal industries by reason of aptitude for this 
side of scientific work and long experience, or at least marked 
efficiency in the application of the veterinary sciences to agri- 
cultural conditions and interests, with knowledge of the work 
and how to deal with men shown in sagacity—a control of im- 
pulse—the calmness and discreetness of the sagacious man ; with 
dignity of deportment which adds weight to the effectiveness of 
a public character ; with elder years, for every one knows the im- 
potency of the scientific opinion of youth upon the general public 
—for such men there is the opportunity of calls: to be heads of 
government work in the great packing centres: to take charge 
of important posts in the animal quarantine work in the South- 
west, Southeast, West or Northwest. Yea, more, they are in 
line of progress and may be marked for choice; as chiefs of 
the Quarantine Division at Washington, of the Inspection Di- 
vision at Washington, or, as time goes on and men leave the 
work, as we must all leave it sooner or later, may be chief of 
the Bureau of Animal Industry itself. 

It is the policy of the Department, a wise policy too, to 
choose nen with some of these characteristics and experiences 
for office in other Divisions as well as the Inspection and Quar- 
antine Divisions. The investigations of the Pathological Divi- 
sion at Washington, for instance, can better be carried on by 
men with actual experience in the field in quarantine work or 
at least capable of conducting independent research and inquiry 
into conditions on the spot when an infection may appear or a 
supposed infection terrorizes a region. Dr. Norgaard for exam- 
ple at one time chief of the Pathological Division had had in- 
spection experience in Chicago; the present chief, Dr. Mohler, 
has had experience in other Divisions of the Bureau where ap- 
plied science is desirable. Experience in inspection work, 
knowledge of field work, invokes inquisitiveness in questions 
of practical scientific value. Experience with field problems 
makes a man more useful when the same man attempts to ap- 
ply laboratory methods to the application of problems in infec- 
tious disease. Similarly men in the Bio-Chemic Division have 


GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR OR NOT? 139 


been called and are apt to be called in the future from among 
men in other Divisions. In the Zodlogical Division at Wash- 
ington in the same way men with knowledge of parasitisms 
gained by experience amongst domesticated animals, particu- 
larly men of long observation in American parasitisms, can find 
place. The Dairy Division likewise has expert dairy inspectors 
in different portions of the country where knowledge of dairy 
bacteriology, bovine pathology, a mercantile knowledge of va- 
rieties of dairy products, domestic and foreign, and dairy stand- 
ards are of weight. 

Some things in the world which are perfectly obvious are 
not thought of at all. It is perfectly obvious that in a system 
of civil service, where the basis of promotion is solely that of 
merit, that any position in a Bureau like that of animal indus- 
try must be open tothe meritorious character and mind—a mere 
truism. Somehow or other, though, this truism has not suffi- 
ciently impressed men interested in veterinary sciences. Letters 
have come to me constantly inquiring about the opportunities 
in the Bureau of Animal Industry fur a career. After this calm 
consideration of the term ‘‘ government inspector” or “ Federal 
veterinary inspector,” it must be clear that the term in the De- 
partment of Agriculture has a wideapplication. Indeed it covers 
most of the “ berths’ (as one of my old history masters, with a 
sense of humor, used to call all positions) in the Bureau of Ani- 
mal Industry. When a man enters the Department as a civil 
servant he is required by law to wear a silver badge upon which 
is his number and title: ‘U.S. Inspector, Bureau of Animal 
Industry, number » This is his title, and the title covers 
most phases of the work. 

II. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE OFFICE AND ITS DIGNITY. 

The importance of the office of government inspector has a 
bearing of which the thoughtless are not aware. What, for in- 
stance, is the relation of the government inspector to the gen- 
eral public? He isa civil servant, yet he is a civilian himself 
and an integral part of the general public. To the general pub- 
lic as a civil servant he has a specific duty, namely to serve the 


140 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


interests of the people as a guardian of the public health. He 
must do this: by exercising every energy in duteous watchful- 
ness for those diseases in animals which are dangerous to man 
by reason of transmissibility or hurtfulness ; by scrupulous con- 
scientiousness in the disposal of such animals under regulation 
of the Department set down as the law of the land. 

Again the government inspector has a relation to the trade 
and to the animal industries. ‘The packers, for instance, have 
rights which are to be considered in questions of condemnation, 
as do commission men, shippers, the agricultural folk. The 
packers have their side of each question. They too are part of 
the people. Their business is to sell such carcasses or their 
parts as the people desire for food. Animals and all meat pro- 
ducts are property. The duty of the inspector to these commer- 
cial people is: to use his discrimination and good judgment in 
the exercise of the prerogative of condemnation ; to remember 
that the interest of the trade at home and abroad is served by 
the inspection, for the certification of the wholesomeness of the 
meats increases money value of meats as property. The inspec- 
tor in this. sense, or in this economic light, is an abettor of 
money values of property. Moreover to the animal industries 
of the country the government inspector is of inestimable value 
for his work tends to increase the national wealth: by prevent- 
ing the introduction of exotic plagues from Europe through the 
government agency of seaboard quarantine; by preventing the 
spread of disease along the quarantine lines ; by diminishing 
the parasitisms and infections in the regions under Federal quar- 
antine ; by stamping out infections like lung plague and foot- 
and-mouth disease. These effects of the duteousness of the gov- 
ernment inspectors in the prevention, diminution and suppres- 
sion of disease enlivens the industry and tends to the rapid mul- 
tiplication of property values. 

Furthermore the government inspector has a relationship to 
the government which appointed him. Besides the twofold 
relationship to the people and the industries the inspector has 
obligations to the government he represents. Behind him is 


“2 ee a ee, 


Pie 


GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR OR NOT? 141 


the might of the Federal arm: he represents the majesty of the 
law. When he takes his oath of office he swears obedience to 
the law and willingness to enforce its enactments. As a repre- 
sentative of the sovereign power of the state he is to expect and 
to receive a ready compliance with his behests and his judg- 
ments in so far as they relate to the regulations the enforcement 
of which is his duty. 

There isa certain dignity expected of a representative of 
the government. Since 1891 when the regular inspection ser- 
vice was started the work has grown in popularity. The rea- 
sons seem to be that there is a popular realization that animal 
inspection isa good thing in itself; that the people believe 
that their reliance in the inspection is based upon the wise con- 
ducting of the work. The policy of the Bureau is clear. By 
the wisdom of caution, by conservatism of statement and action, 
by steady persistence in the education of the people in the value 
of its work the Bureau of Animal Industry, Department of Ag- 
riculture, has contrived, successfully, to impress the great 
American public of its high value to national wealth and public 
health. This is illustrated in its policy in the choice of inspec- 
tors. The earliest inspectors of the Department of Agriculture 
were political appointees and astonishing tales are told at this 
late date in the trade of their ignorance and unfitness: their 
position was graft; they were well-nigh useless. Early in the 
nineties came in the civil service appointees. Nothing was 
known of meat inspection or animal inspection of the kind de- 
sired by the government in those days by the veterinary profes- 
sion. Many of the poorest political appointees were still in 
office. To them were added men with no experience in the 
work at a time when an inspection service had to receive its 
upbuilding. Since 1891 there has been a gradual increase in 
the qualifications desired and further increase is expected. The 
policy of the Department in regard to inspectors has been to 
choose the best possible men for office through vouchers and 
civil service examination. The men, when appointed are: 
taised to higher position after proven usefulness ascertained 


142 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


from chiefs under whom they worked ; are supplied with all 
the newest literature of the Bureau as soon as it is published 
that they may become acquainted with the newest thought and 
the latest scientific work in their line accomplished by the gov- 
ernment. In other words the government looks upon the office 
of government inspector as a dignified calling. It therefore ex- 
pects its inspectors to increase their knowledge and make them- 
selves of more value to the people through their experience in 
abattoir or field work, through their experience of the ways of 
the world and the wisdom it gives, through actual study of 
books furnished. The inspector is not a lord over the people, 
but a servant of the people. An educated gentleman, the rep- 
resentative of the people, should be dignified. The army phrase 
applies tohim: the government inspector’s acts should be those 
becoming an officer and a gentleman. 
III. THE ADVANTAGES OF THE POSITION OF GOVERNMENT 
INSPECTOR. 

The advantages of the position of government inspector may 
be discussed under six headings: 1. The pay; 2. The security 
of office; 3. Time allowances; 4. The advantages of transfer ; 
5. The work; 6. The treatment. 

The pay for every inspector alike, in whatever division he 
works, at the start, is twelve hundred dollars per annum paid in 
monthly installments of one hundred dollars regardless of the 
number of days in a month. From this start there isa slow 
grading up system. After three years of service, providing ef- 
ficiency reports of a man to Washington have all been satisfac- 
tory, on recommendation of the local chief of station, with the 
approval of Washington, the pay is likely to be raised to four- 
teen hundred per annum and the title of the man changed from 
assistant inspector to inspector. After that there may be an in- 
crease in pay to fifteen, sixteen, eighteen or even two thousand 
two hundred dollars a year depending on the usefulness of the 
man and the position he holds as assistant chief of station, chief 
of smaller or larger station or higher office. No money is paid for 
a man’s travelling expense when he first takes office. After that, 


GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR OR NOT? 143 


however, when he is transferred, his full expenses, railroad, hotel 
and incidentals are paid in full. The latter is an important 
item, for example, when a man is transferred, as has happened, 
from St. Louis to New York, or St. Louis to Portland, Oregon. 
In the Quarantine Division all railroad and incidental expenses 
are always paid. In addition after six months’ service the pay 
is likely to be raised to fourteen hundred a year whether a man 
has served three years in the service or not. The regulations 
under the quarantine law also speak in detail of the allowance 
expense for railroad: conveyance by vehicle or other convey- 
ance, hotel fees and the like. Whenever a man is travelling on 
quarantine service, be the distance ever so short, his expenses 
are paid in full. The pay of the men entering upon scientific 
work of the Bureau at Washington is the same as for those out- 
side of Washington, the difference being that these men get, as 
we shall see, greater time allowance. 

The matter of the sureness of pay and promptness of pay- 
ment is an advantage. Another advantage is the security of 
office. Ina world so full of sudden and violent changes in for- 
tune and circumstances it is an advantage to be reasonably sure 
that your tenure of office is secure. A man, of course, can 
never tell what Congress maydo. So radical a motion as that 
to do away with the whole of the civil service by one ‘‘ dread 
swoop” (as Thomas Carlyle’s phrase has it) has been before 
Congress within memory. But the Department of Agriculture 
and its work is so knit into the warp and woof of the people’s 
favor that the wise say there is little chance that such sweeping 
measures will prevail. With the ever increasing growth of the 
trade hardly any position can be more secure than that of gov- 
ernment inspector in the Department of Agriculture. A man, 
however, is removable: on proof by chief of constant induteous- 
ness; unfitness for office by reason of loss of faculties ; chronic 
complaint causing entire incapacity for duty ; complete inadapt- 
ability for the work. 

The time allowances to an inspector are a great advantage: 
they consist in leisure allowances, holidays, furlough. During 


144 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


the course of the year much leisure time—when there is com- 
paratively little killing in the packing towns or where climatic 
conditions or season reduce disease conditions in the quarantine 
—is left at the discretion of the inspector. Of course at times 
his hours are very long, sometimes from very early morning to 
very late at night; at other times less. The off hours are 
at the disposal of the chief for direction to other inspection duty 
and he often enough may sodirect. There is much time, though, 
left to the inspector which he may use as he pleases. Packing 
houses are usually in or near great cities where by virture of 
the abundance of the pathological material constantly before 
his eyes, by reason of the libraries and laboratories a man’s 
knowledge of science may be greatly increased. The govern- 
ment rightly frowns on practice because through it, while in 
the service, men may lose that complete independence of all men 
which is indispensable for a government official in the civil ser- 
vice. In addition to leisure two weeks a year, or more exactly 
a day and a quarter a month, is allowed by law under full pay 
to each inspector at such time as the head inspector may spare 
aman. But holidaysare not cumulative asin the army. Again, 
without losing his position, a man may ask for a furlough with- 
out pay. In this way he can have a chance to study and travel 
abroad with impunity. 

The rule of transfer is also advantageous. When a man be- 
comes tired of a region he may ask to be transferred to another 
region. ‘The government is willing, as far as possible, to be ac- 
commodating and give contentment. In case of illness, also, a 
man may, at his own request, be transferred to some region where 
government work is carried on and where climatic conditions 
may favor physical improvement. Thus certain tuberculous 
civil servants have been transferred to Colorado or New Mexico. 
Certain southerners after a period of experience in a packing 
town have been transferred by request to the southern quaran- 
tine. ‘There is, for one reason and another, a constant migration 
of the men. 

The work may or may not be difficult. Granted physical 


GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR OR NOT? 145 


capacity, willingness to bear with little difficulties that may 
arise, a desire and a determination to do the work consigned 
with obedience to directions of superior officers of the station, 
there is no insurmountable difficulty in the work. A good train- 
ing coupled with affability to all under all circumstances, an 
unruffled temper and desire to serve all without sacrificing the 
sense of duty, shuts out great difficulties. The work is done 
tapidly ; the diseases to be sought for are readily detected by 
the well trained. Experience increases the usefulness of the in- 
spector and makes his work simple and easy. 

The treatment a man receives depends upon himself. The 
man with self respect ; the man who is conscientious yet who 
measures his words ; who is extremely careful that his judgment 
on animals can be surely shown to have basis in sufficient facts, 
which may condemn or pass animals, has no trouble with any- 
body. Commission men, packers, stockmen, are very generally 
disposed to respect the government inspector. There is a dis- 
position everywhere to obey the law providing facts can be 
shown in the case of each animal upon which judgment is pro- 
nounced. Courteous treatment is always given, as of course it 
should be expected. 


IV. THE DISADVANTAGES OF THE POSITION OF GOVERNMENT 
INSPECTOR. 


The disadvantages of the position of government inspector 
may also be written of under six heads: 1. Smallness of pay ; 
2. Tendency to sloth and loss of ambition ; 3. Disadvantages of 
transfer ; 4. Disadvantages of environment; 5. Lack of freedom ; 
6. Deadening influence of routine. 

The smallness of the pay of a government inspector must at 
once be apparent. The rising scale, or the grading up, of a 
man on the pay roll is slow. While the pay for an unmarried 
man of character—thrift, frugality, temperauce—is satisfactory, 
leaving a margin for saving or investment, the pay for a married 
man is only a pittance or a competency. Certainly little is left 
for luxury, still less for the commendable ambition of every man 


146 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


to acquire personal property for wife or children. For several 
years beginning with the probationary period the pay permits 
only of closest economy for the married man. Compared with 
the large financial opportunities for those in what is called gen- 
eral practice, with the financial accounts of those who can com- 
bine teaching with practice the pay of a government inspector 
is a small reward for his efforts. Human nature is very curi- 
ously fashioned in some respects; for instance, the financial 
standing of a practitioner is never exactly Known. If he seems 
to be progressing and isspoken of favorably ina community the 
imaginations of people run wild as to his possible credit. But 
the pay of a government inspector is exactly tallied and known. 
To the question: “How much does he get?” the answer can 
bes sis:thateall??? 

The tendency to sloth and loss of ambition is unquestiona- 
bly possible in the government service. The very security of 
office and sureness of pay together with time aplenty on one’s 
hands leads to great temptations. Among unmarried men the 
tendency would be in a great city to spend every cent they 
have, to be heedless of new things in the science, new books, 
discoveries. The tendency would be to make a man a mere 
time server, to care only for momentary or temporary pleasures, 
to forget all knowledge except that necessary for daily tasks. 
This, it is true, is a sad comment on the weakness of human 
nature. The spark of ambition may go out. "Thoughtlessness 
and heedlessness of everything except the bare necessities of the 
daily task may be the only concern. 

There are certain disadvantages also in the rule of transfer. 
A man can never be sure of remaining in the place where he is 
first sent. He is subject to transfer to any point in the country 
where the stress of the work requires the authorities to direct 
him. It does not therefore do for him to become too closely 
knit to a locality for there is always a chance that his presence 
may be desired by the government at some distant point. En- 
tire freedom of choice is not his. 

Moreover there are disadvantages in the environment in 


GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR OR NOT? 147 


which the lot of an inspector is cast. Strong men may, do al- 
ways, rise above the disadvantages of their environment. Yet 
the fact remains that in many cases the environment in which 
an inspector finds himself is not in itself stimulating to mental 
life, to ambition nor to character. Does constant association 
with butchers kindle intellectual ardor? Can the intellectual 


life, can the moral realities, find place among evil associations ? 


Yes, they can. But the tendency is the other way. Does the 
isolation of the quarantine service stimulate the intellectual 
life? Yes, it should. But the tendency seems to be the other 
way. 

There is also lack of freedom in the inspector’s life. His 
will is largely under the control of the burocracy. A man 
when he is working fora bureau cannot come and goas he 
pleases. His time is bought by the government. His duty is 
to do strictly and unquestioningly as he is directed by his su- 
periors. Work and hours change constantly ; he cannot grum- 
ble. A return word to an order is insubordination and may 
countagainst him. He comes and goes as he is directed. ‘‘ Go, 
and he goeth ; come, and he cometh ; do this, and he doeth it.” 

Lastly there is the deadening influence of routine. To be 
at the same place at pretty nearly the same time; to do the 
very same unvarying kind of work, tends to deaden the facul- 
ties. ‘There is here, as in every case where sameness marks the 
work, the deadening influence of routine. Those who cannot 
rise above it may go into mental torpor. 

With candor, with scientific calmness and conscientious re- 
gard for truth, I have now gone over the whole ground of the 
topic: the government inspectorship in the Department of Ag- 
riculture as a career. No one more than I recognizes the high 
value of this scientific branch of the public service. There is 
no necessity fora passionate appeal in its behalf. The work 
stands, and will always stand, on its merits. Robust character; 
mind lit up with intelligence; ambition which does and which 
dares to do, are in place here as in the formation of any career. 
Let men choose for themselves, government inspector or not? 


148 M. FRANCIS. 
ENZOOTIC CEREBRITIS OF HORSES. 
By Dr. M. FRANCIS, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, COLLEGE STA- 
TION, TEXAS. 


During the late fall of 1903 and the early spring of 1904, 
there occurred a very fatal disease among horses and mules 
called ‘“ blind staggers.” In the valleys of the Brazos and Col- 
orado Rivers the losses have been very great. No accurate 
data can be obtained, but we estimate the deaths at 4000 to 
5000 head. It is a nervous disorder, characterized by structur- 
al changes in the brain, which cause incoordination, delirium, 
coma, and usually death. 

The disease attacks horses and mules that are highly fed. 
No cases have been observed among the old, emaciated horses 
belonging to negroes, nor among cattle, hogs or other animals. 
The greatest losses have occurred on the cotton plantations. It 
is the custom of the planters to have long, open feed troughs 
which they keep filled with corn, and permit the animals to eat 
as much or as little as they choose. Large racksare kept filled 
with alfalfa and sorghum hays. ‘The water is usually from ar- 
tesian wells. Hogs are kept in the pens with the mules. 

There is a popular notion that the disease results from feed- 
ing mouldy corn. Another is that it is caused from inhaling 
the dust which occurs on mouldy, worm-eaten or weevil-eaten 
corn. If we examine the corn, we find several moulds, viz., a 
black one, which is probably Aspergillus niger; a green one, 
probably Aspergillus glaucus, and an undetermined pink one. 
We cultivated these three moulds on potatoes, and having se- 
cured pure cultures, we grew a large quantity of each in moist 
chambers on a sterile corumeal-mush medium, at room temper- 
ature. After a dense growth had formed which required eight 
weeks, we gave them to horses. 

Horse ‘‘ A’ received 200 grammes daily of the black mould. 
It was simply crushed in a mortar into a thin gruel and given 
as a drench for five consecutive days. No effects whatever re- 
sulted from it. 


se 


ENZOOTIC CEREBRITIS OF HORSES. 149 


Horse “‘B” received in a similar manner the same quantity 
of the green mould, from which no sickness resulted. 

Horse ‘‘C” received in a similar manner 200 grammes daily 
of the pink mould for three days, without result. 

Mule ‘‘D” received 23 c.c. of the amber-colored water of 


_ condensation, which occurred in the moist chambers containing 


the black mould. No sickness resulted from this. 

A guinea-pig received I c.c. of the same liquid subcutane- 
ously without sickness resulting. 

These results harmonize with those obtained by the experi- 
ment stations of Arkansas and Delaware some years ago. 

The conclusion arrived at from our work is that the disease 
is not caused by the moulds described, but is very likely the re- 
sult of the animals having free access to a labor diet when kept 
in idleness. When spring opened and all of the animals were 
put to work, the disease died out, though no change occurred in 
the food or the method of feeding. 

Another theory is that the trouble is due toa germ. This 
view is somewhat strengthened by the report of Wilson and 
Brimhall, of the Minnesota Board of Health, who found in the 
cerebro-spinal fluid of horses, cattle, sheep and hogs, which had 
died of meningitis, an organism which they regarded.as the 
specific cause of the disease. This is known as Dzflococcus 
pueumonie. Our search for such an organism was fruitless. 
We were unable to find bacteria in the blood, before or after 
death ; or in the cerebro-spinal fluid; or in smears from the 
lungs, liver, kidneys, or brain substance. Every examination 
was negative. 

The symptoms vary with the severity of the attack and 
cause us to recognize three types. In the acute type the attack 
is sudden and an animal that appeared in health a few hours be- 
fore may be found dead. Asa rule there have been no violent 
symptoms, no wounds on the body and no evidence of a death 
struggle. The animal is simply found dead. This suddenness 
of the attack and result in death has caused some suspicion to 
arise that the disease may be anthrax, but the bacteriological 


150 M. FRANCIS. 


examination of the blood and the inoculation experiments, re- 
ported below, show this to be impossible. 

If we examine these dead ones we find nothing abnormal in 
the blood or viscera. In the brain, however, we find broken 
down areas in the white matter of BOTH hemispheres. ‘The sur- 
face of the brain appears normal, but the lesions are some dis- 
tance from the cortex and frequently communicate with the 
lateral ventricles. Smears from these broken-down areas show 
no bacteria or fungi, and the brcken-down substance itself may 
be injected subcutaneously into horses, rabbits and guinea-pigs 
without result. No macroscopic lesions were observed in other 
parts of the brain. 

In the semi-acute type the animals live from two to six days. 
They are usually found in a partially blind condition stumbling 
about in the yard. Hence the name ‘blind staggers.” Some 
of them become violent and run at full speed in any direction, 
dashing blindly against fences or buildings. Others are not so 
violent, but walk in a circle, or wander aimlessly about, striking 
the blind side of the head against posts or buildings. These 
may stumble over wood piles, agricultural implements, or push 
blindly through wire fences regardless of the injnries received. 
At times they stop walking for a few minutes and stand with 
the head held sidewise, the eye- half closed, the ear drooping, 
the lower lip pendulous, and with perhaps unmasticated food 
protruding from the mouth. No slobbering was observed. After 
some time, say five minutes, they walk as before, and finally 
come to rest in some awkward position, viz., the fore legs may 
be crossed ; one may be extended forward and the other back- 
ward. There may be trembling of the muscles of the elbow or 
flank. They usually refuse to be led by the halter, and will 
pull back if some force is applied to the halter rope. 

In the hindquarters we observe less trouble. The legs are 
controlled quite well, the tail may brush flies away, the anus is 
closed and sensitive, and the dung and urine are voided in a 
normal manner. Ina word, we have not observed that early 
posterior paralysis which occurs in cerebro-spinal meningitis of 


ENZOOTIC CEREBRITIS OF HORSES. 151 


horses in the cities of the North and East. The temperature 
may be sub-normal, normal or somewhat elevated. The high- 
est we have observed was 103°. Asarule no attention was paid 
to food or water. The violent stage is succeeded by one of stu- 
por. The animal remains standing with the legs immovable and 
serving as props, the head hanging low, the eyes closed, the ears 
drooping, the tail motionless, until he falls from exhaustion. 
He may make some attempts torise, but seldom succeeds. He 
lies on the ground some hours and dies. 

If we examine the brain of these cases we usually finda 
broken-down area in ONE of the hemispheres. If the animal 
walked in a circle turning to the left, the lesion will be found 
in the right hemisphere ; and if he turned tothe right it will be 
found in the left hemisphere. Probably 95 per cent. of these 
die. 

In the mild type, the animal is noticed to be partially blind 
in one eye, but from some distance does not appear sick. It 
may eat fairly well from the manger, but is not disposed to walk 
about much in search of food. They remain quiet, somewhat 
stupid for about a week, then slowly regain their senses. Some 
will be stupid and dull a month or so and may have what ap- 
pears to be a relapse, but they eventually recover without treat- 
ment. 

No remedy is known for this disease. As we have remarked, 
some of the mild cases recover spontaneously and others manage 
to survive ‘‘treatmert” of various sorts. We have given vio- 
lent cathartics with some success. We have given a half gallon 
of raw linseed oil with an ounce of aloes, mixed. This was fol- 
lowed by subcutaneous injections of eserine-pilocarpine every 
two or three hours. Those in which we secured a prompt vig- 
orous cathartic action recovered, while in those in which the 
action was indifferent, died. 

We have tried bleeding from the jugular vein, say 4 to 6 
quarts, but none of them recovered. 

Various impossible remedies have been proposed and tried. 
We may mention large doses of quinine and whisky. strong 


152 M. FRANCIS. 


blisters applied between the ears, filling the ears with turpentine, 
applying irritants to the nostrils, such as ammonia, croton oil, 
snuff, hot smoke, ete., splitting the skin between the eyes and 
introducing saltpetre into the wound. We have even seen the 
frontal sinus bored with a gimlet to “let the water off the 
brain.’ It is unnecessary to say that these have all been worth- 
less. 
SOME TYPICAL CASES IN DETAIL. 

Acute Type, Case I.—Dec. 15, 1903. Went to Mr. Carr’s 
plantation near Beckham. His mules had been dying one and 
two at atime until fifteen have been lost. The food consisted 
of corn, alfalfa, and sugar cane tops, all of which were sound and 
good. ‘They found a large fat mule dead in the pen this morn- 
ing. He was apparently well last night. There were no bruises 
on the head or body and no evidences of struggling. The body 
was opened and all the viscera examined with care, but nothing 
abnormal was found. ‘The brain was removed and large broken- 
down areas were found in both hemispheres. ‘These contained 
a yellowish fluid with broken-down white nerve tissue mixed 
with it. One cavity had a capacity of 5 c.c., the other about 8 
Ol LO: e.¢: 

Smears of this broken-down tissue were made and examined 
for bacteria, with negative results. 

Semzi-acute Type,Case [/.—A large horse mule named “ Bill” 
on the Smith and Carson plantation was found sick on the morn- 
ing of January 12,1904. He has been fed on corn, alfalfa and 
sorghum. He was driven about ro miles during the forenoon, 
but about noon he became worse and could not be led. He 
walked in a circle, turning to the left, and bruised the left side 
of the head against posts and buildings. He was ‘‘smoked ” 
with burning cotton, but became worse, got down about 2 P. M., 
and died about dark. The next morning the brain was removed 
and fixed in formalin. March 2, the brain was cut open. A 
transverse section at the optic chiasma showed the left hemi- 
sphere normal. The right one is larger than the left and shows 
a ragged cavity of about 10 c.c. capacity, which was above and- 


ENZOOTIC CEREBRITIS OF HORSES. 153 


to the outside of the lateral ventricle. It extended to the ven- 
tricle and seemed to have discharged its contents into it. The 
diseased area extended to the surface of the hemisphere, but the 
brain substance was not actually broken down. See photograph. 

Case [I7.—A brown mare owned by Mr. H., of Bryan, was 
noticed sick on Feb. 13. Shedesired to turn to the left, so that 
it required considerable effort to keep herin the road. The next 
day she was blind in the left eye, would stumble over obstacles 
and became dull and stupid. Several remedies were tried with- 
out benefit and the animal gradually became worse and died 
Feb. 15. Soon after death the head was cut off. There was 
some hzemorrhage in the spinal canal outside of the dura mater. 
Inside the dura we found a yellowish fluid containing white 
flocculent masses. This was collected ina syringe and 1% c.c. 
injected subcutaneously into a horse, % c.c. into a rabbit, and 
Y% c.c. into a guinea-pig. No sickness followed in either case. 
‘he brain was removed and fixed in formalin. Some weeks 
later it was examined and revealed the following lesions: 

Left hemisphere was normal ; the right one was larger than 
the left. Section of it at the optic chiasma presented no exten- 
sive lesions, but from here forward there was a diseased area one 
inch in diameter in the middle of the hemisphere, which showed 
a tendency to extend to the lateral ventricle. The tissue is not 
fluid, but seems to be held together by coagulated blood into a 
jelly-like mass. The surface of the hemisphere is firm and 
shows nothing abnormal. The cerebellum, pons, and medulla 
were normal. 

Case IV.—A black mare, owned by the A. & M. College, was 
found on the morning of Dec. 21, 1903, stumbling about the 
yard in a partially blind condition in the right eye. She had 
been fed on corn and sorghum hay exactly like the work mules. 
The water is artesian. She turns to the right, is not violent, and 
from some distance nothing abnormal would be noticed. About 
9 A.M. we gave her % gallon of linseed oil and 1 oz. of aloes, 
which she swallowed without difficulty. 8 P. M. mare is quiet, 
stupid, won’t eat or drink, and nothing has passed from the 


154 M. FRANCIS. 


BRAIN OF A MULE WHICH DIED OF ENZOOTIC CEREBRITIS. TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH 
THE HEMISPHERES AT THE Opric CHIASMA, SEEN FROM IN FRONT. NOTICE ABSCESS 
IN THE RIGHT HEMISPHERE AND DISEASED AREA EXTENDING TO THE SURFACE. 
See description of Case I, 


Case IV. SEMI-ACUTE TYPE. 


ENZOOTIC CEREBRITIS OF HORSES. 


Case IV. SEMI-ACUTE TYPE. 


CASE IV. SEMI-ACUTE TYPE. 


156 M. FRANCIS. 


CASE V¥. HoRSE STANDING MOTIONLESS FOR Hours. NoTicE MARKS OF VIOLENCE ABOUT 
THE Eyes. PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN A FEW Hours BEFORE DEATH. 


CASE VI. NoTICE THAT THE HORSE STANDS WITH THE FORE LEGS CROSSED. DIED ON THE 
SIXTH Day. 


LS ee See ee 


ENZOOTIC CEREBRITIS OF HORSES. 157 


bowels. 2 A. M. gave her eserine, mare is becoming violent, 
has been pawing and putting forefeet intothe manger. 8 A. M. 
Dec. 22, mare quiet, has passed urine twice during the night, 
nothing from bowels, and has not eaten. Gave 3 grains eser- 
ine-pilocarpine. In 30 minutes bowels have acted. Loud peri- 
staltic sounds audible 6 feet away. Temperature ro1°. Will 
walk against the fence, bruising the head and body. 

IO A.M. Standing quietly in the corner. Head held high 
over the top of the fence. Loud sounds from the abdomen, but 


- no passage. 


Ir A.M. More violent. Broke out of the pen. Staggering. 
Gave three grains eserine-pilocarpine again. Some bowel dis- 
charges, but scanty. 

12 Noon. Mare fell. 

12.30. Mare got up, stumbled about and fell again. 

1p. M. Mare lies quietly from Io to 15 minutes. Will 
then struggle and perhaps fall or roll over, then become quiet 


again. 


_4P.M. Drew toc.c. of blood from the mare’s jugular vein 
and immediately injected it into the vein of an old horse, drew 
Io c.c. more blood from the jugular vein and injected it subcu- 
taneously into an old mare. 

Both of these animals remained well. 

7 P.M. Mare alive, but will die in a few hours. 

Dec. 23, 8 A.M. Found mare dead—cold—probably died 
about midnight. 

g A.M. Removed brain, and fixed it in formalin. 

Examination of the brain: Right hemisphere normal. Left 
one is much larger than the right. A section at the optic chi. 
asma shows a diseased area near the outer surface of the brain. 
From here forwards there is little or no change, but backwards 
the lesions become more conspicuous. There is no actual cav- 
ity, but in this case the brain substance is so soft as to be read- 
ily detected by pressure on the surface. The diseased area ex- 
tends inwards about one inch and has a vertical diameter of 1% 
inches. In the extreme posterior part of the left hemisphere 


158 M. FRANCIS. 


there is a small cavity about 3g of an inchin diameter. The 
remainder of the brain was examined, but nothing abnormal 
was found. 

Case V.—Mr. D. lives in Bryan and has a farm a short dis- 
tance from town. His two-year-old colt follows the team to the 
farm and browses around and returns at night. On arriving at 
home Feb. 15th, the colt was noticed to be stumbling. In about 
half an hour the colt became violent and escaped from the lot, 
dashed down an alley at full speed and ran against a telephone 
pole, breaking it off at the top of the ground, then ran in an- 
other direction and through the side of a shed. It was secured 
with ropes to a tree until morning. It attempted to turn to the 
left, and walked around the tree at full length of the rope, pro- 
ducing a circular path. 

Feb. 16, 11 A.M. The colt has been bled one gallon from 
the jugular vein and a strong blister has been applied to the 
forehead and poll. 

4p.M. Colt still walking around thetree. Temperature 
103. Respiration labored, trembling of the muscles of the el- 
bow. Colt stumbled, fell, attempted to rise, which was finally 
accomplished by getting on the hind feet first, then remained on 
the knees some % minute with the left side of the head flat on 
the ground, and after several awkward attempts, regained his 
feet. 

5p. M. Colt stands with fore legs crossed. The action of 
the hind legs is quite natural. The tail is active, anus closed 
and sensitive, passed one gallon of urine in a normal manner, 
followed by erections of the clitoris. 

6p.M. Bored agimlet hole in the frontal sinus “‘to let the 
water off the brain.” Colt is down and motionless. 

7p. M. Colt is up, seems better. 

Feb. 17. The colt has been restless all night. 10 A. M. 
drank freely. Won’t eat. Respiration normal. ‘Temperature 
102.  Bowels have acted recently. Flank muscles tremble. 
Uses hind legs and tail naturally, but “steps high ” with fore 
legs 


ENZOOTIC CEREBRITIS OF HORSES. 159 


2.30 P. M. ‘Temperature 102.6. Pulse 60. Respiration 20. 
Colt quiet. Head very low, eyes closed and blind, left ear lops 
down, stands as if simply propped up by the legs. 

3P.M. Coltstaggered and fell on right side. At intervals of 
10 seconds or so makes some meaningless motions with the legs. 

5 P.M. Colt dead. 

5-30 P. M. Cut off head. There is blood inside the dura 
mater, probably from injuries received while violent. Injected 
25 c.c. of this blood from base of brain under the skin of a mare. 
No sickness resulted from it. 

Removed the brain and fixed it in formalin. The left hem1- 
sphere appears normal. Theright one is much larger. Section 
at the optic chiasma passes through a diseased area 34 of an inch 
in diameter. This is quite soft but not actually broken down. 
The cerebellum, pons, and medulla were normal. 

Case V7.—March 12, 1904. Mr. B.’s gray horse has stag- 
gers this morning. He has been working the animal at the 
plow for a week and feeding him with corn and sorghum. The 
corn is somewhat weevil-eaten, but is average corn for this time 
of the vear. The horse is quiet, but stands with fore legs cross- 
ed. He refuses to be led and will pull back and break the hal- 
ter. He is blind in the right eye this morning and turns to the 
right. The muscles of the right side of the face seem paralyzed, 
as the nostrils and lips are drawn to the left side. His respira- 
tion is heavy. 

g A.M. In passing through a stable door he bumped the 
tight side of the head and body. We tried to give him oil and 
aloes, but he would pull back and became unmanageable. He 
seemed unable to swallow and some of the medicine probably 
went down the trachea and the reimainder was wasted. 

10.30 A.M. Gave 3 grains of eserine-pilocarpine subcuta- 
neously. The horse paid no attention to the introduction of the 
needle. Temperature 97.4. Pulse 48. Respiration 32. 

2 P.M. We repeated the eserine-pilocarpine. Bowels have 
acted four times since 10.30 and he has passed urinetwice. He 
is entirely blind in the right eye. 


160 M. FRANCIS. 


5.30 P. M. Temperature 100.6. Pulse 56. Respiration 52. 
Bowels have acted twice since 2 P. M. We repeated the eserine. 

March 13, 9 A.M. Horse is quiet but shows some muscu- 
lar trembling. Bowels have acted twice during the night. We 
repeated the eserine and the horse flinches at the insertion of 
the needle. 

12M. The horse is standing quiet, but the trembling is in- 
creasing. The anus is relaxed and the bowels have acted twice 
recently. 

3p. M. Animal tried to drink water, nibbled alfalfa when 
offered him and later ate some from the manger. 

6p. M. Animal quiet. Walked around the stall. Tem- 
perature 98. Penis hanging out. Has normal use of the tail. 

March 14, 9 A. M. Horse drank half a gallon of water 
with difficulty and ate some alfalfa. Temperature go. 

11.30 A.M. The right eye is becoming sensitive and he 
probably sees some with it. Draak some water and ate bran 
mash. 

2.30 P. M. Horse standing quietly with the right fore leg 
held backwards under the body. Penis hanging out. Will not 
eat, but will chew a little on hay in a mechanical way. 

5 P.M. Standing quiet with head low and fore legs far 
apart. ‘Temperature 103. 

Marcn 15, 8.30 A. M. Horse seems brighter this morning. 
He notices visitors and attendants. Temperature ror. Ate 
some hay and drank some water voluntarily. 

12M. Standing quiet, but some muscular twitchings. Kid- 
neys have acted recently. 

2.30 P. M. Brushes away flies with the tail. Drank one 
gallon of water and ate hay. Temperature 103.4. 

5 P.M. Standing quiet with a bunch of unchewed hay be- 
tween the lips; drank two gallons of water. Temperature 
103.8. Anus closed and sensitive. 

March 16, 8.30 A. M. Animal quiet with head hanging 
low in the manger. Temperature 102. Responded when spoken 
to. 


a — 
. 


ENZOOTIC CEREBRITIS OF HORSES. 161 


12M. Standing quiet with head very low. Penis hanging 
out. Temperature 102.2. 

5 P.M. Standing quiet, head low. Raised the head when 
spoken to and noticed attendant. There is a bunch of hay pro- 
truding from the mouth. 

March 17,9 A. M. Horse seems much better this morning. 
He walked out of the stable voluntarily and notices grass and 
other horses. ‘Temperature t01.2. He allows the unchewed 
grass to protrude from the right side of the mouth. 

4.30. Walks about the stall. The respiration is accelerated, 
a muco-purulent discharge comes from the nostrils. Drank well 
and ate one gallon of bran mash. Temperature 104.4. 

March 18, 8.30 A.M. ‘Temperature 102. Nasal discharge 
continues. 

4.30. Nasal discharge has a very offensive odor. Respira- 
tion disturbed and indicates pneumonia, probably from the med- 
icines having gone down the trachea. 

March 19, 8 A. M. Animal standing with the forehead 
against side of the barn and pushing like a horse drawing a 
heavy load. Pulse very rapid, 120 per minute. 

9g A.M. Pushing more violently, and after some minutes 
fell and expired. 

10 A.M. Removed the brain, and found an abscess in the 
left hemisphere the size of a hen’s egg. 

We made bouillon cultures from this abscess which were kept 
at 37° several days. All remained sterile but one which con- 
tained a streptococcus. 

We also made twenty-five smears from the abscess, but found 
no bacteria. 

We made an emulsion of the abscess with sterile water and 
injected 2 c.c. of it into two horses, two rabbits and two guinea- 
pigs. No sickness followed this. 

Further examination of the body was made and the lungs 
were found inflamed. Probably due to the medicines. 

MILD NON-FATAL TYPE. 
Case VII7.—Mr. Smith has a bay mare, seven years old. 


162 M. FRANCIS. 


He feeds corn. The mare isin good flesh and is somewhat 
spirited. Nov. 8, 1903, the man in charge noticed that her vis- 
ion was imperfect, but nothing was done until 5 p.m. The 
mare was dull, partially blind, and showed some confusion in 
the use of her fore legs. We gave half a gallon of raw linseed 
oil and one ounce of aloes mixed. The next morning the mare 
began walking ina circle. About noon, we gave eserine-pilo- 
carpine subcutaneously, and secured prompt cathartic action. 
We observed some slobbering and muscular trembling, which 
was evidently due to the eserine. A marked improvement fol- 
lowed. The next day the mare was brighter, ate some bran 
and drank some water from a bucket set in a manger. She 
would occasionally leave the food and walk in a circle awhile, 
then return to it. She improved daily, but was somewhat stu- 
pid for several weeks. Finally, she made a perfect recovery. 


APPLICATION FOR LICENSE TO PRACTICE IN SOUTH DAKO- 
TA.—Dr. J. P. Foster, State Veterinarian, Huron, S. D., sends 
the following verbatzm letter, which forms a running mate for 
the Florida appeal for the legal right to open a “ veterinary 
stable,” published in the March number (name of writer omit- 
ted): ‘“MarCh 14 1903 Mr. Foster sir as I have found out 
What your adress is I Will drop you a few Lines Can you give 
mea horse Dr permitt as I have had Lots of praCtis in this 
line and maBy Iam CapiBle of having a diploma for as far as I 
know But I Want to get a permitt any Way send me your 
Blanks to fill out and I Will fill it out and send it BaCk to you 
to see how I Stand I have Dr horses and had good suCCess in 
most all Cases I undertake and I have had some as Bad Cases 
When yours state depty give them up and Cured them I Cuta 
No of Colts Last Year and some With Clamps and some With 
out and I had good Luck With I took up one Case that 3 Cut- 
ters Would not touCh and Castarated him and Wasall Right So 
Good By So I dont see Why I Cant stand high enough for one or 
the other and I undertake nothing What I dont understand But 
I dont have to Pass many Cases up and I tell the peple Just What 
I know and I think in Regard to ther horses and What people 
I Dr for Likes my Dr. Very Well So ansWer this as soon as 
you ReCeive this letter So I remain Yours Truly, ....” 


THE STOMACH TUBE IN VETERINARY PRACTICE. 163 


THE STOMACH TUBE IN VETERINARY PRACTICE. 


Bye bs Jo 11SS, Vo. EARLVILLE, [yy. 


Read before the Illinois Veterinary Medical and Surgical Association. 


It will be remembered that at the August meeting of this 
Association in 1903, by some of the members present, that I 
exhibited a PhillipsStomach Tube. ‘The society was asked to 
express their opinion fro and coz, as to what they considered 
its possible claims to recognition in our practice. I recollect it 
did not appeal very strongly to those present, and was com- 
mented on, if at all, adversely. As I myself had only had an 
opportunity to use it on two occasions I was not’prepared to 
say very much in its defence, but I was determined to give it a 
fair and impartial trial, being satisfied in my own mind that the 
principle was right, for it brought to mind the axiom that if 
you succeed you must get at the seat of the trouble. Now there 
you are at the seat of the trouble with your stomach tube, or 
near enough to it to do business. And I want to be understood 
as claiming that more can be done in five minutes to relieve a 
case of colic than you can do with the whole gamut of remedies 
that we have been using for the past fifty years. The mere in- 
troduction of the tube and the results you get are only the start- 
ing point. What can be accomplished only a long list of ex- 
periments will verify. 

With these prefatory remarks I will give such of my expe- 
riences as I think will interest you. The introduction of the 
tube is not at all difficult. The modus operand? is as follows: 
Coil your tube in a pail of warm water, have a quantity of pow- 
dered ulma cortes ready for use, let your assistant stand on the 
left side of the patient, grasp the mane with the right hand and 
with the left lay hold of the nose well up toward the eyes, then 
enter the right nostril with the tube, using your right hand with 
the index finger extended to keep the tube well pressed down 
on the floor of the fossa, using your left to pass the tube up- 
wards. When the entrance to the cesophagus is reached wait 
a moment and the animal will swallow and your tube wi!l pass 


164 F. J. BLISS. 


easily. As your tube is marked the arrival at this point is easily 
approximated. Keep the tube well lubricated, using nothing 
but that advised above. If, as is sometimes the case, the cesoph- 
agus contracts and further progress is interfered with, syringe 
into the tube a little water, and all goes well again. Your en- 
trance into the stomach will be announced by some sort of an 
exhibition, usually by a rush of gas, followed by a flow of in- 
gesta of different character. It is just as easy to reach the stom- 
ach through either nostril. Choose the one which comes the 
handiest for you to operate through. 

I have selected four cases that differ so much in character 
and symptoms to illustrate from, I think the details will better 
show the effectiveness of the tube and its wide field of useful- 
ness : 

Case /.—Bay pacing gelding, aged, of considerable local 
notoriety ; informed on my return from a call by my assistant 
that the case was undoubtedly a fatal one. He had been tapped 
three times, with no results, extremities deathly cold, head hang- 
ing pendulous, body covered with a cold sweat, pulse hard and 
thready and almost imperceptible, breathing labored, staggered 
if moved, no peristalsis. History of case: Had been driven hard 
for two days, animal had not eaten much, breath noticed to 
smell badly, but had been attributed to other causes. There 
was a discharge of a bluish color from both nostrils. The tube 
was introduced and the stomach relieved of several gallons of 
a thick clay-colored fluid that gave out such a stench as to drive 
the spectators to a distance. As the flow ceased about ten quarts 
of salt water was slowly passed into the stomach and then sy- 
phoned out, until twelve gallons had been used. At times the 
stomach contracted violently and quantities of the same fluid 
noticed at first would be expelled. After the water was re- 
turned clear, eight quarts of water and one ounce of Creogen- 
Martin, ata temperature of 125° F., was passed into the stomach 
and allowed to remain, and the tube was removed. ‘The patient 
was much improved. ‘The time occupied was about 65 min- 
utes, and the patient had not moved a foot. He was put away 


THE STOMACH TUBE IN VETERINARY PRACTICE. 165 


for the night and watched. No bad symptoms were noted. 
In the morning at 8 A. M., the tube was again passed and 
eight quarts of oatmeal gruel and six ounces of rye whiskey, 
with one ounce of aromatic spirits of ammonia and half an 
ounce of tr. ginger were introduced. Great improvement was 
apparent. A short walk was given and the patient picked some 
grass, then made away with all the hay given. Recovery was 
complete. 

Case /7,—Black mare of draft breed, four years old. Driven 
30 miles to buggy by a lady; diet, straw and new corn. All 
that could be learned of interest was that the mare never had 
been driven more than Io miles at one time before, and had been 
very sluggish all day and frequently laid down the last 10 miles of 
the journey. The animal showed results of severe, punishment. 
Condition: Body bathed in a cold clammy sweat, ears lopped, 
head down, braced against wall of stable, breathing short and 
difficult, pulse could not be felt, showed extreme exhaustion, 
bloated badly, no results from tapping, anus and vulva enormous- 
ly swollen, stumbled to knees several times and recovered with 
difficulty. Expected death at any moment from the general ap- 
pearance of the animal. The tube was passed easily. As it 
reached the stomach a rush of gas took place such as I have 
never witnessed in all my experience with the instrument. 
Death was imminent from suffocation, the distended stomach 
pressing the diaphragm and encroaching on the lung space. Re- 
lief was apparent at once; some particles of corn were noticed 
that looked and felt dry. Ten quarts of Creogen-Martin solu- 
tion pumped into the stomach brought away about a peck of 
partially masticated corn. The stomach was then again washed 
out and ten quarts of hot Creogen solution allowed to pass into 
the intestines and remain. ‘The patient was afterwards turned 
out into a small pasture and allowed to remain until the next 
morning, when she was found to be all right. Nothing else was 
given. I got to thinking during my ride home that here was 
a case that nothing that I had ever been fortunate enough to 
find out would have saved. I also concluded that Creogen-Martin 


166 EF.) Jz BLISS? 


was the greatest bowel antiseptic and antiferment when used in 
this way that has ever been discovered. I attribute the great 
success of this method of treatment to the fact that we are at the 
seat of the disease in a moment, and the patient can be, as it 
were, snatched from the jaws of death, for I firmly believe that 
in a few moments more suffocation would have taken place, or 
if the animal had ever fallen down the stomach would have been 
ruptured. 

Case ///.—Gray draft mare, had been sick all night and in 
the care of another veterinarian. The history was that she had 
ploughed the day previous, had scoured badly, eaten nothing at 
noon, but little of morning feed, as was discovered later ; diet 
was corn fodder with corn’on. When seen was in great pain, 
lying down and getting up and dropping quickly again. I gave 
as an experiment about 20 quarts of hot Creogen solution and 
oatmeal gruel mixed ; this was given through the tube. In the 
space of two hours the last quart contained one ounce each of 
tr. opii and sulphuric ether, after 30 minutes a hypodermic of 
morphia was given and the patient warmly blanketed. She 
rested easily, lying on a bed of straw, until 3 P. M., when she got 
on her feet and made aslow recovery. Nothing else was given. 
This mare resisted every attempt to administer medicine per os, 
and while she had the best of attention the previous night noth- 
ing was accomplished until the tube was passed. 

Case [V.—Five-year-old stag, castrated only a short time. 
Diagnosis, impaction and inflammation of the bowels of five 
days standing. Patient very restless, pawing, anxious expres- 
sion of countenance, muscles of abdomen hard and tense, witha 
tucked-up appearance of the flanks, slight amount of fzeces 
passed in the form of dry hard pellets. The diet had been straw 
and corn, was watered whenever the owner happened to think 
of it. Had but little exercise for a long time past. Treat- 
ment: Rectum emptied by an enema of hot soap and water, a 
large sponge with a rubber tube stitched fast through the centre 
was carried as far into the intestine as possible, and was then 
thoroughly irrigated with a warm solution of Creogen. The 


THE STOMACH TUBE IN VETERINARY PRACTICE. 167 


tail was held down and the fluid allowed to absorb. This was 
repeated several times and hot water foments were applied to 
abdomen. ‘The stomach tube was passed and in 10 hours 52 
quarts of hot water with a little Creogen were given. In 24 
hours a soft passage was noticed, followed in short order by 
others. A diet of mashes with sweet apples and grass complet- 
ed a cure. 

I have selected these cases out of many others because they 
represented the extremes of their types, and were widely differ- 
ent in character, and I do not think that without the tube any 
one of them could have been saved. Iam not claiming infalli- 
bility, but in extreme cases the tube has proven invaluable to 
me. One thing more in conclusion, I will say that I have had 
only three cases of hemorrhage of the nostril. A little caution 
in removing the tube from the stomach and this can be avoided. 
Do not allow the patient to shake his head, raise the tube up, 
and do not allow it to drag on the floor of the nasal fossa. The 
tube can remain 27 sztu for several hours and do no harm. I 
have never had a patient resist it in any way. 


THE GOVERNMENT BREEDING FarM.—While sitting in 
Secretary Wilson’s office the other day, I overheard some inter- 
esting conversation with an old friend. The latter was an Iowa 
farmer who has bred many fine horses. The talk naturally 
turned on horses. The Secretary said: ‘‘ We are importing con- 
siderable blooded stock for breeding purposes. In my judg- 
ment we have some of the finest breeding animals right here in 
the United States. Our horse people here in the Department 
are going to try to develop a twelve or thirteen-hundred-pound 
roadster for the American stock, which should take the place 
and better our importations. We are going to start in in Colo- 
rado and breed up some colts with this purpose in view. And 
I am going to have my own way about feeding these colts and 
making them the finest animals possible. I am going to have 
their feeding commence while they are still suckling. The 
hackneys will oppose this, but we have natural advantages here 
for horse-raising which are ahead of those of any other country 
in the world.”—(/zazana Farmer.) 


168 W. A. GIFFEN. 


VETERINARY DENTISTRY. 
By W. A. GIFFEN, V. S., D. D. S., DETROIT, MicH. 
Read before the Meeting of the Michigan State Veterinary Medical Association at 
Lansing, Feb, 7, 1905. 


In this paper I have confined myself to the practical side of 
veterinary dentistry, as it would take up too much time—in fact, 
it would be impossible in a paper of this kind to take up in de- 
tail the phenomena of tooth formation and eruption, their 
growth, histology, anatomy and nourishment. 

These phenomena are very interesting and very important 
to the veterinarian, especially the histology and anatomy. A 
number of very good text-books have been written on horses’ 
teeth, although I don’t know of any that has been written in the 
last ten or twelve years, and I think some of them might be re- 
vised with advantage to the profession, especially in regard to 
the prophylactic treatment of the teeth and mouth; by that I 
mean the keeping the oral cavity in as nearly an aseptic con- 
dition as possible during and until the recovery of an attack of 
any constitutional disease; also the cleaning of the teeth in all 
horses from time to time and the correcting of irregularities be- 
fore they are bad enough to interfere with the health or use of 
the animal. 

DENTITION. ; 

The absorption of bone, and of the roots of the temporary 
teeth by pressure of the developing teeth is frequently attended 
by constitutional disturbances, such as loss of appetite, sluggish- 
ness, etc. It is afact that the period of the eruption of the per- 
manent teeth predisposes the animal to the contraction of in- 
fectious fevers. 

The physiological and pathological changes which take 
place in the tissues surrounding the teeth during this period is 
always attended with more or less disturbance of the circula- 
tory and nervous systems, hinderance to the normal mastication 
of food, and the absorption of the putrid materials and accom- 
panying septic microorganisms with which the mouth abounds. 


VETERINARY DENTISTRY. 169 


At this time all contribute to lower the vitality of the animal, 
thereby making it more susceptible to contract disease and less 
able to withstand the debilitating effects of disease. 


TREATMENT. 


First remove all temporary teeth which are loose, broken, 
or interfering with the eruption of permanent teeth, also any 
foreign materials or food which may be lodged around the teeth, 
and thoroughly wash out any lacerations of the soft tissues with 
a mild antiseptic solution, and until they are healed or at least 
for a few days give small doses of potassium chlorate dissolved 
in drinking water, also feed on food which does not require 
much mastication and which is easily digested. If there is ele- 
vation of temperature give quinine on account of its antiseptic 
qualities. In extreme cases where there is much irritation of 
the nervous system a sedative would be indicated. 


EFFECTS OF WEAR OF THE TEETH. 


Owing to the nature of the food of the horse the teeth must 
wear to a certain extent upon their grinding surfaces ; however, 
it would take a great deal of wear to cause serious inconven- 
ience if it was distributed over the entire table of the tooth, 
as it would wear down evenly ; but as you know the lower jaw 
is not so wide as the upper jaw, the inner edge of the lower 
molars and the outer edge of the upper molars do not get so 
much wear as.the remainder of the grinding surface, conse- 
quently they become elongated, in time forming projections 
which may damage the surrounding soft tissues. Another rea- 
son why the teeth do not wear evenly is because there is not so 
much lateral motion of the jaws in the domesticated and artifi- 
cially fed horse. I think some horses have more of a choppy 
action of the jaws than others; this fact probably accounts for 
the difference of wear in different horses. Some horses may 
become quite old and the grinding surfaces remain normal in 
shape. 


TREATMENT. 
The only treatment is to remove these projections and re- 


i7O W. A. GIFFEN., 


duce the grinding surfaces to as near a normal condition as 
possible. I think the best method of doing this is either by 
grinding or filing first by a coarse file if the projections are 
long, but always finish with a fine file. Don’t round off the 
edges ; always leave them sharp as the horse must have them 
so in order to cut its fodder. I don’t favor the use of chisel or 
bone forceps for the reason that as the enamel is not evenly dis- 
tributed you are very liable to split it or break it off unevenly, 
exposing the dentine, which would make the tooth sensitive for 
a long time and almost sure to decay. 

The same thing may be said in regard to cutting off teeth 
which have become elongated in their sockets as a result of 
loss of opposing teeth. I think it is wrong to attempt to cut 
them short enough to correspond with the adjoining teeth as 
you are so apt to split the tooth or encroach upon the dentine 
too much and possibly open up the pulp canals; while if you 
only file or grind off enough to prevent the tooth from injuring 
the opposing tissues, you overcome the trouble just the same. 
You do not endanger the life of the pulp in this way, and while 
you may expose some sensitive dentine, nature will overcome 
this by the pulp receding from the grinding surface of the tooth 
and the formation of secondary dentine. 

CARIES OR DECAY OF THE TEETH. 

Owing to the fact that it has been demonstrated that caries 
of the teeth is caused by certain microorganisms and the action 
of their ptomaines upon the enamel or exposed dentine, the 
value of prophylactic treatment has been recognized. 

A comparatively small percentage of horses suffer from ca- 
ries of the teeth, the principal reasons being, I believe, the 
short life of the horse, the thickness of the enamel, and the food 
of the horse does not decompose so readily as the food of the 
human being. 

Caries generally attacks the horse’s molars in the approxi- 
mate spaces at the free margin of the gums where the enamel is 
very thin or at any point where the enamel may be split or 
cracked off, as the dentine is so porous that it affords a good lodg- 


VETERINARY DENTISTRY. lly sik 


ing place for bacteria and they make rapid progress towards the 
pulp, the death of which finally takes place. Death of the pulp 
is also caused by blows or kicks, and when this happens serious 
trouble usually follows as the pulp tissue decomposes and the 
gases formed by this process force some of the putrid material 
through the apical foramen of the roots, causing what is known 
as alveolar abscess. In those cases the pus usually escapes into 
the nasal or maxillary sinuses, or if in a lower jaw it may bur- 
row through the tissues and forma fistulous opening externally. 

Extraction of the offending tooth is the treatment, as it is 
impossible to thoroughly sterilize and fill the root canals of the 
horse’s molars with a reasonable hope of success. It is also 
practically impossible to fill cavities in crowns of molars, as the 
flow of saliva interferes with the proper insertion of plastic fill- 
ings, and, again, the difficulty of cavity preparation. 

Broken incisors could be treated satisfactorily and crowned 
with gold or platinum crowns. 

The teeth of the dog can be treated, filled and crowned sat- 
isfactorily provided the roots of the teeth and surrounding tis- 
sues are healthy. 

In extracting molars in lower jaw use forceps if possible, 
while in the upper jaw if the floor of the sinuses has been per- 
forated I think trephining the best method, as the sinuses or a 
part of them over the roots of offending tooth will require cu- 
retting. The insertion of a gutta-percha plug in the tooth socket 
has been attended with considerable success, I believe. 


HorsEs imported into the Argentine Republic are detained 
in quarantine for eight days and are tested with mallein. 
Should there be any signs of reaction to the test the animal is 
condemned and slaughtered. 

THE OHIO STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE, of which W. 
W. Miller, Columbus, Ohio, is Secretary, has begun the issuance 
of press bulletins. The first one is written by Dr. Paul Fischer, 
the State Veterinarian of Ohio, and the title is ‘‘ Rabies (Hydro- 
phobia) Among Live Stock.” It is stated that during the past 
year rabies has become quite prevalent among live stock in 
Ohio. 


172 Foal eecAbes 


By Dr. E. L. KALB, ROCHESTER, MINN, 
Presented to the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Minnesota State Veterinary Medical 
Association at St. Paul, Jan, 12-13, 1905. 


When our worthy Secretary invited me to present a paper 
for your consideration, I was at a loss for a subject. I decided 
on ‘‘ Colics,” because perhaps in no cases is there such a wide 
range of treatments used, and because they cause more worry 
and loss of sleep, and are on the whole the most unsatisfactory 
for the “country vet.’ to handle. They are often unsatisfac- 
tory and cause us worry, because we do not have a fair chance 
at them, for, to the average farmer’s mind, any one ought to treat 
“ belly-ache ” successfully ; and they all look alike to them, and 
any evidence of abdominal pain is “‘ belly-ache ” or “ stoppage 
of the water,’ and each one of them hasa pet remedy; this, 
and the neighbor’s, are tried before sending for the ‘‘ vet.” 

Then, along about midnight your ’phone will ring and you 
pull yourself out of bed, probably have to have your wife kick 
you out, phone ringing merrily in the meantime, and all this 
disturbance wakes up the baby, who sets up a howl just to let 
you know he’s alive, and you fall over a chair or two getting to 
the ’phone, and this is the usual dialogue: ‘‘ Hello.” ‘“ Hello, 
is this Doc. So-and-So?” ‘ Yes.” ‘ Well, I want you to come 
right out.” ‘Yes, whois this?” ‘So-and-So.” ‘ What’s the 
trouble?” ‘Got a sick horse; can you come right out?” 
‘Yes, What seems to be wrong with him?” ‘Oh, its his 
water; bring your instruments along.” ‘ Yes, how long has 
he been sick?” “All day; hurry right out, Doc.; he’s awful 
bad.” ‘ Yes; good-bye,” and you hang up the receiver and 
cuss a little while you dress ; you hitch up and drive out any old 
distance, and find the patient oftentimes worse off for the . 
dope he has received than from any disease, and it will take an 
hour of explanation to convince your client that the trouble is 
in the bowels and not in the urinary apparatus; and if the pa- 
tient dies, why ““A man convinced against his will is of the 


——— 


oo = 


COLICS IN HORSES. ive 


same opinion still,” and if you had drawn his water he’d have 


got well, and you have lost prestige in that neighborhood. 

Colics cause us worry also, because it is a serious thing to 
have anything of an acute nature go amiss with a horse’s diges- 
tion. 

The construction of the digestive organs. and the amount 
of work they perform every twenty-four hours, make them ex- 
tremely liable to inactions and fermentations of the bowel’s 
contents, which are followed quickly by paralysis more or less 
complete, congestion, inflammation, gangrene or rupture, and 
the quickness in which any of these conditions can kill a horse 
is astonishing. 

I have taken the term “colic” as a general one, and as the 
causes and symptoms of the different colics are too well known 
to you all to require mention here, I shall only mention those 
treatments which in my hands have been the most successful, 
and invite a thorough discussion of each one. 

Gastric Tympany.—This is one of the most rapidly fatal of 
colics. The small size of the organ, and the horse’s inability 
to vomit make it so, and unless the fermentation is stopped 
and the gases absorbed, the patient soon dies of suffocation and 
impaired heart’s action or of a ruptured stomach or diaphragm. 
What is to be done? First stop the fermentation, and absorb 
the gases. Aqua ammonia fort. has always been the best agent 
in my hands for this (3 ij-iv in a quart of warm water), repeated 
in half an hour if need be, and as soon as the organ begins to 
regain its normal size give a good big stimulant and stomachic 
(strychnine gr. ij-iv, and alcohol and sulphuric or nitrous ether, 
each 2ss-3j, and tr. zingiber 3 1}). 

Spasmodic Colic.—True spasmodic colic is confined to the 
small intestines and is of short duration usually, though the 
patient suffers terrible pains, and asa rule before the country 
“vet.” is called he has recovered, or is quite beyond hope, or 


is already dead of pain and exhaustion. This condition is one 


of the easiest colics to treat, to my mind. A good big diffusi- 
ble stimulant, with full dose of chloral hydrate, and if peristal- 


174 ETS eALBE 


sis is dull a small dose of physic. My favorite physic in this 
case is castor oil with a little turpentine added. If the pains 
persist crowd the chloral and stimulants. 

Impaction of the Double Colon.—In all cases of impaction, 
the first thought is to rid the bowel of its load of ingesta, but 
often we can not wait for the slow-moving oils or aloes, and 
more prompt remedies must be employed. Here is where eserin 
or barium chloride reign supreme. Stimulants, both nerve 
and diffusible, should be given and plenty of them. Strychnine 
(gr.ss-gr.j) subcutaneously or gr.iij-gr.v. combined with alcohol 
and ether, or ammonia carbonate, in a drench, followed bya sub- 
cutaneous injection of eserin (gr.j-gr.ij) with or without pilocar- 
pine added. Barium chloride (gt.v- -xv) intravenously. Now, 
leave the patient alone for five or six hours, unless the pains are 
very severe, when a full dose of chloral hydrate (2 ss- 3 j) may 
be given. Repeat the stimulants in somewhat smaller doses 
after five or six hours, and if something must be given to sat- 
isfy your client give more diffusible ees if a physic 
must be given, let it be a small one. 

Impaction of the Single Colon and Rectum.—These bowels 
may become impacted, either one or the other, or both together ; 
the same treatment suffices for both. Here physics should be 
used with caution, for they often increase the trouble by crowd- 
ing into the already dormant and overloaded howel more ma- 
terial from the double colon, and here we have, to my mind, 
the only form of colic where the benefits derived from enemas 
justify the trouble taken in giving them, but to be effectual the 
water should be carried as far into the bowel as possible and 
large quantities should be used and often. I have about 12 feet 
of %4-inch garden hose on my injection pump, and by gently 
pushing it in while the water is being pumped through I have 
been able to insert three or four and sometimes five or six feet 
of hose into the bowel, and this repeated at intervals of half an 
hour will relieve the condition alone ofttimes. But it would not 
do to treat a case with only injections, for the next time your 
client had a case of colic in any form—they all look alike to 


COLICS IN HORSES. 17d 


them—he would rush around the neighborhood until he found 
a syringe of some kind, and would spend the best part of the 
next 24 hours in giving the patient injections, that would be 
worse than useless, and about the time the poor animal was 
ready to die would send post-haste for you to come, regardless 
of time, weather, or roads, and would expect you to straighten 
him out regardless of his condition. 

For remedies I can only repeat what I have said in re- 
gard to impaction of the double colon, only go slow with the 
physics. | 

Flatulent Colic.—Here we have a fermenting mass to con- 
tend with, with all the dangers of suffocation and rupture found 
in a distended stomach and also great danger of absorption into 
the blood stream of the poisonous gases. If the distention is 
great use the trocar and canula at. once, thus relieving the 
bowels of the distention. Administer the stimulants and a dose 
of eserin or barium, or a physic, either of aloes or oils and tur- 
pentine. Should the fermentation continue in spite of this, 
puticture the bowel and inject through the canula into the 
bowel a warm, weak solution of carbolic acid, about one ounce 
to the quart, a pint of this may be introduced directly into the 
bowel. 

In conclusion, I will say that about the only remedies I use 
in treatment of colic are: First, stimulants and lots of them, 
strychnine in doses from 2 to 5 grs., not to be repeated in less 
than five or six hours. Alcohol, sulphuric and nitrous ether 
or ammon. carbonate, given in I or 2 ounce doses every hour ; 
tr. zingiber and tr. capsicum, given with the stimulants in I to 
2 drachm doses ; aqua ammonia fort. given in plenty of water in 
2 to 4 drachm doses ; aloes in doses of 6 to 8 drachms ; castor oil 
in doses of 1 to 1% pints, with 1 oz. of turpentine added ; eserin 
subcutaneously in 1 to 2 gr. doses, and barium chlor. 5 to 15 
gr. in warm solution, intravenously. 


A suiT brought in St. Louis for the value of a colt estimated 
to be worth $18, cost $1,500, including the attorneys’ fees on 
both sides. While the suit was pending the colt died. 


176 J. T. LAMBRECHT. 


ABUSE OF REPULSION OF TEETH. 


By Dr. J. T. LAMBRECHT, MINNESOTA. 


Read before 8th Annual Meeting of the Minnesota State Veterinary Medical Association, 
at St. Paul, Jan. 12 13, 1905. 


Repulsion of teeth scientifically performed accomplishes 
some grand results which no one can deny, but this paper is 
more particularly intended to elucidate some practical points, 
not as to how the operation should be performed, but more es- 
pecially as to how to differentiate between necrosed teeth pro- 
ducing disease (not masticatory), but disease of the sinuses from 
those (necrosed teeth) having no effect upon the sinuses. 

In this last respect we can divide the clinical cases into two 
classes, namely: 

First Class.—Those cases having a nasal discharge, existing 
for some time, from one or both nostrils and with or without en- 
largement of the superior maxillary or frontal sinuses, on one 
or both sides, and having a necrosed tooth or teeth (especially the 
fourth superior molar). Mention is made of the superior fourth 
molar or molars because it is the one most frequently affected 
and having direct effect upon the sinus (inferior maxillary), 
but having no enlargement directly over the fang of the respec- 
tive tooth or teeth, is not the clinical case for repulsion of the 
diseased tooth, for in these cases the necrosed tooth is but an ex- 
isting condition and not a primary factor in producing disease 
of the sinuses. 

Second Class.—Those cases having a nasal discharge exist- 
ing for some time from one or both nostrils, with or without en- 
largement of the superior maxillary or frontal sinuses on one or 
both sides, but having an enlargement directly over the necrosed 
tooth; or in other words enlargement of the inferior maxillary 
sinus is the clinical subject for repulsion of the necrosed tooth. 

As to surgical interference, in the First Class: 

I would operate on the sinuses, but would not interfere with 
the necrosed tooth unless it caused masticatory trouble and very 
often necrosed teeth do not interfere with mastication. 


ABUSE OF REPULSION OF TEETH. Li4 


In the Second Class repulsion of the tooth becomes of prim- 
ary importance, and sometimes this has to be followed with 
operation on the sinuses. 

I specially want to emphasize that I believe that there can 
be necrosis of the fourth upper molar co-existing with disease of 
the sinuses and the tooth having had no effect in producing the 
disease. 

In order to substantiate this, one invariably finds when oper- 
ating on cases belonging to clinical class No. 1, that there is no 
pus to be found in connection with the root of the diseased 
tooth, but pus is found in the sinuses (superior maxillary or 
frontal), therefore, remote from the root of the diseased tooth ; 
but in operating on cases belonging to clinical class No. 2, one 
always finds pus in connection with the root of the diseased 
tooth, but with one exception, z. ¢., in young horses where the 
3d molar is retained and, therefore, enlargement at its fang, but 
in these cases the tooth is not necrosed. 

Therefore, it is my opinion, that if the tooth is so diseased as 
to be the cause of pus production in the frontal or superior maxil- 
lary sinuses, remote as they are, there must first be pus in con- 
nection with its root or inferior maxillary sinus. 


“THERE is nothing I feel like paying more freely than my 
yearly subscription to the REVIEW. I consider it indispensable 
to a veterinarian and appreciate your efforts to make it the suc- 
cessful journal that it is."—(G. ZL. Buffington, Brooklyn, Lowa.) 

MeEpaL For Dr. J. C. McCKENzIE, OF ROCHESTER, N. Y. 
—President J. B. Y. Warner, in behalf of the Society ‘for the 
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, presented to J. C. McKenzie, 
veterinary surgeon of the society, this afternoon, a finely en- 
graved gold medal with the seal of the society on one side and 
the following inscription on the other: ‘‘ Presented to James C. 
McKenzie by the Humane Society in grateful recognition of his 
professional services, freely rendered to that society. and the cause 
of humanity for a quarter of a century. On the bar which sup- 
ports the chain, to which the medal is attached, are the dates of 
Dr. McKenzie’s connection with the society, 1880 and 1905. 
During this period he has served the society without compensa- 
tion.—(Rochester Post, April 13.) 


178 D. Ra LUCKEY. 


AN EPIZOOTIC OF QUITTOR AMONG HORSES AND 
MULES. 
By Dr. D. F. Luckry, KANSAS Ciry, Mo. 


Read before the Missouri Valley Veterinary Association, Jan. II-12, 1905. 


The occurrence of 200 cases of quittor in different forms in 
one neighborhood seems so unusual that I thought it might be 
well to bring up the subject for discussion at this meeting. 
The disease was so prevalent in a locality in the southern part 
of Madison county that it amounted almost to a contagion. In 
fact, there was much evidence pointing to the contagious nature 
of the outbreak. ‘The disease affected horses and mules alike, 
and showed no partiality as to size or weight. It attacked work 
horses and mules that were used for hauling lumber upon the 
public highways, as well as the horses kept in lots about the 
town of Marquand, some of which were at rest most of the time. 
The quittor was noticed ina two year-old mule running on 
pasture. 

The country in which this outbreak occurred is hilly and 
rocky. Nearly all of the public roads are naturally covered 
with more or less gravel, but no extremely rough and rocky 
places. Horses and mules have been used over these same 
roads for years without anything of the kind ever being ob- 
served before. The examination of horses, however, showed 
that there were quite a number of chronic cases of scratches, 
and it has not been uncommon heretofore for a horse to crush a 
piece of gravel through the sole of the foot and have it work 
out at the top of the hoof. On the first appearance of these 
cases of quittor the affected horses were supposed to be what is 
commonly known as “ graveled.” 

There were cases scattered over quite a territory surround- 
ing Marquand, Missouri, but the greatest number of cases oc- 
curred in Marquand and Gravelton, 12 miles away, and among 
the horses along the road between these two places. Some of 


the horses were used in farming, but a majority of them were 


used in logging camps, and in hauling lumber to the railroad 


AN EPIZOOTIC OF QUITTOR. 179 


’ 


at Marquand. During the past summer there was considerable 
rain, and the above mentioned road in particular, being trav- 
eled a great deal, got very muddy. After the rains ceased the 
road dried up fairly well except in places. Along the course 
of this road some eight or ten large mud holes were left and 
these became very filthy. It was said by the drivers that the 
odor from these mud holes after the water became stagnant was 
very offensive, and I believe that some of these cases of quittor 
at least may be attributed to infection from the filth of these 
mud holes. The cases were noticed about the time the roads 
began drying out, and have been very prevalent since. 
SYMPTOMS. 

The symptoms were by no means uniform in all of these 
cases. However, there was generally noticed the formation of 
an abscess in the beginning, which ina majority of the cases was 
located in the hoof. When the abscess was iocated in the hoof 
the pain was intense until the pus was evacuated, and the ani- 
mal was oftentimes unable to put its foot to the ground. In 
cases where the abscess formed above the hoof there seemed to 
be little or no pain in the beginning. When the abscess broke 
or was opened and the pus discharged there was left a fistulous 
tract showing no tendency to heal. In fact, the tendency was 
for the disease to spread, and in some cases the ulceration ex- 
tended around the coronary band, entirely separating it from the 
hoof, and in a few cases resulted in the hoof slipping off. In 
many cases the pus burrowed in different directions in the hoof 
separating the entire horny portion from the sensitive sole, and 
part or all of the sensitive from the insensitive lamine. In as 
many as ten cases the infection spread to the fetlock joint, and 
within ten days from the beginning caused the joint to slough 
off, making it necessary to destroy the animal. In these cases 
the pain was intense. In the beginning the fetlock was badly 
swollen. Ina few days the swollen fetlock broke, discharging 
an oily substance from many different openings to such an 
extent that it, with the blood that escaped, was sufficient to 
work up a considerable lot of mud on the ground beneath the 


180 Dee he LUCKEY 


affected limb. In two cases that came under my notice a bunch 
of skin and connective tissue about like half of a hen’s egg 
sloughed out of the foot just above the coronary band, and the 
lesion left showed no tendency whatever to heal. These cases 
were healed with the greatest difficulty after applying different 
remedies for over two months. Ina few cases the lesions were 
located in the hollow of the heel. The whole area usually af- 
fected by scratches being in an extremely unhealthy state pour- 
ed out an oily exudate which on drying accumulated in the 
hair in considerable quantities. In a few other cases a very un- 
healthy crack appeared transversely across the leg just above the 
fetlock. These cracks were almost as obstinate about healing 
as an ordinary case of ‘grease heel.” In some cases there was 
simply gangrenous patches upon the skin of the leg in different 
places up as high as the knee and hock. Although the hair 
was carefully clipped off of these patches, and all filth removed, 
they were as unyielding to the application of the ordinary anti- 
septic dressings as an ordinary case of “‘ grease heel.” ‘These 
patches varied in size from a copper cent or less to the size of a 
silver dollar, and presented an angry looking gangrenous sur- 
face. From this there exuded the same sort of material as came 
from other superficial lesions, and was discharged from the fis- 
tulous openings in the hoof. The pus discharged from the ab- 
scesses when they were first opened was thick and almost white 
in color. 
TREATMENT. 

As has been indicated before, treatment in most of these 
cases was very unsatisfactory indeed, requiring considerable 
time and patience to heal the simplest lesion on the skin. 
There were almost as many remedies used by the laymen as there 
were individual cases, and one treatment seemed to be about as 
efficient as another. 

In a few cases I removed all of the hoof from over the dis- 
eased areas, thoroughly cleansing the parts, then applied differ- 
ent dressings as I thought advisable. To my great surprise in 
some of the cases that were fixed up, as I thought in perfect 


dire Wadiw. 


eaay 


’ 


AN EPIZOOTIC OF QUITTOR. 181 


order, the most adverse results were obtained. The poison ex- 
uding from the wound seemed to reinfect the healthy tissue 
surrounding, and again burrowed under the hoof, causing a 
further separation of the horny and sensitive structures. It 
seems that nothing but the actual cautery would be successful 
in rendering the diseased tissues, wherever they were located 
in a healthy condition. In one case where the abscess developed 
in the hollow of the frog, and was noticed more on account of 
the protuberance than of any pain it was causing the horse, 
ood results were obtained by making a small opening, squeez- 
ing out the pus and injecting the cavity with full strength car- 
bolic acid, which I confined in the cavity by plugging up the 
opening. ‘This treatment checked the disease in this place and 
in a few days the foot was ina good shape. In the latter part 
of the siege one party made a practice of opening the abscess as 
soon as its presence could be detected and injecting boiling tar 
in this cavity. This treatment, although apparently somewhat 
heroic, appeared to have the desired effect, and mules treated in 
this way were not hindered from work for more than a few days’ 
time. 

As a preventive I advised that the legs of the horses and 
mules worked inthe mud should be thoroughly washed off every 
night before stabling and bathed with a bichloride solution, 
I-1000. 


ANTITETANIC DUSTING POWDER is a mixture of equal 
parts of chloretone and dried antitetanic serum, which is used 
as a local application as a prophylactle against tetanus. 

A “COLLEGE” in Detroit, Mich., advertises a correspon- 
dence course in veterinary dentistry. An elaborate circular de- 
Sctibes the course in detail. ‘“ Lecture No. 10” is said to de- 
scribe the muscles of the head, the following sentence giving a 


good example of the dense intelligence of the ‘‘dean”’: ‘‘ For 
example, the large muscle on the side of the jaw, known as the 
Master Muscle, when it contracts closes the mouth.” Is the 


Michigan Practice Act sufficiently strenuous to contract the 
“dean’s’’ Master Muscle, thus closing both his mouth and his 
Ecollese >” 


182 , REPORTS OF CASES. 
REPORTS OF CASES. 


** Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him. By re- 
cording his observations, he adds tothe knowledge of his profession, and assists by his facts 
in building up the solid edifice of pathological science.’’ 


PARTURIENT PARESIS—A SOMEWHAT SPEEDY RECOVERY. 
By W. H. DALRYMPLE, M. R. C. V. S., Louisiana State University, 
Baton Rouge, La. 
On Wednesday morning, the 5th of April, while on the way 
to my class-room, I was asked by one of the professors of our 


State University, living on the campus, to look at his Jersey 


cow, as he was afraid there was something very radically wrong 
with her. 

He afterwards told me that, although he had asked me to 
see the cow, he thought it was useless, as the animal appeared 
to him to be about dead then. ‘To satisfy the professor, I ex- 
amined the cow, which, at her previous parturition, had given 
something like 4o lbs. of milk per day. So that she was really 
a valuable animal, and the family cow, at that. 

When I saw her, she was comatose, and as I saw I had a 
typical case to deal with, I had the veterinary class (seniors) of 
the Agricultural Course, come and try their hand at diagnosis. 

The owner had given the history of the case, and with the 
patient before them, they all managed to ‘“‘spot ”? parturient pa- 
resis without very much trouble. So much for the boys. Of 
course I was pleased to see that veterinary instruction given, 
even in an agricultural course, was not all in vain. 

Not having a regulation air-pump—more from procrastina- 
tion than anything else—I “rigged up” my thermo-cautery- 
bulb with a three-inch plated canula belonging to a hypoder- 
mic case, and immediately started one of the students to inflate 
the udder. I should have stated that the cow had a calf (the 
4th) the day previous, and that the gland was emptied of milk 
and disinfected before commencing operations. After each 
quarter was inflated and tense, I passed a small piece of cotton 
tape round each teat, to prevent the possible escape of any at- 
mospheric air. Kneading or massage was then vigorously be- 
gun, and was continued for some little time. The ‘ veterinary 
medical staff’ then left the patient, at 9.30 A. M., in the care of 
the owner, who seemed to think that if a little of that treat- 
ment was good, a little more might be better. Seeing how the 
operation was performed, which seemed very easy, and having 


i a. eee 


Oi a. 


= REPORTS OF CASES. 183 


left the pump with him, he, on his own responsibility, made 
another inflation, and again went through the kneading process. 
This was about 10.30 A.M. At about Ir A. M., the professor 
noticed signs of brain-activity, with returning consciousness ; 
and at 12 noon, the cow wason her feet eating hay. I had told 
him, that, if she got over the attack, recovery would be quick. 
But, I presume he thought I was saying this merely to con- 
sole him; for, according to his own statement, he could not 
see how any power on earth could bring his cow back to a nor- 
mal state. 

An interval of two-and-a-half hours from a state of pro- 
found coma to being up and eating, with the calf nursing, 
seems to me a very short one. This is, really, my chief object 
in recording the case, which may be of interest to readers of the 
REVIEW engaged in cattle practice. The atmospheric air treat- 
ment is undoubtedly accomplishing very satisfactory results. 


A PECULIAR CASE OF LUXATION OF THE PATELLA.* 
By S. H. BAUMAN, Birmingham, Iowa. 


Dec. 30, 1904, received a phone call and upon arrival found 
mare with right hind leg extended in a forward position and 
unable to touch foot to ground. Owner made the statement 
that mare had been in this condition for about seven days. 
That he had called in other advice and that it had been pro- 
nounced anchylosis of the hock; that no treatment would ben- 
efit and advised destruction of mare. Owner stated he had re- 
cently paid $150 for the animal and wanted more light on the 
subject before he extinguished the little spark. Upon exami- 
nation found leg perfectly rigid and held against side of abdo- 
men. Part of time it would remain to outside and other times 
between front legs, change occurring as animal moved and 
changed position of front legs. Also found that mare had a 
barbed wire cut in front hock, which was almost healed. Owing 
to this think parties made diagnosis of anchylosis of joint. 
Upon examination found patella displaced and in outer groove. 
The patella was replaced after considerable effort, when leg as- 
sumed normal position and action. In movement of animal or 
by drawing leg forward patella would easily be displaced and 
limb would assume its former position, that is, point forward and 
become rigid. I examined and studied case closely, but found 
nothing different from any other case of luxation except posi- 


* Presented to the Meeting of the Iowa State V. M. A., Jan, 25-26, 1905. 


184 REPORTS OF CASES. 


tion leg would assume while pateila was displaced. There was 
considerable atrophy of the gluteal muscles caused from disuse 
of limb owing to wire cut. By placing hopples on hind feet 
limb would remain normal. Why should this case upset all 
my cherished traditions by assuming a contrary position? It is 
one on me. 


THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANTE AND POST-MORTEM DIAG- 
NOSES. 
By FRANCIS ABELE, JR., Quincy, Mass. 


Our old professor used to say: ‘‘ When you have located 
your lameness, look for a nail in his foot.” I appreciate more 
and more his idea. 

Two horses were in a trolley accident. Both thrown down. 
On one, off shoulder and side were very sore; would pull ina 
circle or not at all; would flinch on pressure to side; would 
not be curried. In a few days was all right. 

- The other was also sore and stiff, with more stiffness and 
less soreness. Near hock swelled hard and hot and flexed. 
Was quite lame in that leg, which I attributed to hock. Horse 
was boarded away from home. ‘Two veterinarians diagnosed 
stifle lameness. Two horse dealers claimed dropped hip. Horse 
died of colic. Capsule of hock had purplish red membrane, 
and synovia, while articular surfaces had same dark color. Sti- 
fle joint was healthy. Arch of pelvis was complete, no drop, 
but ischial tuberosity was shattered. A double crippleis de- 
ceiving. 


CASAREAN SECTION IN A SOW. 
By G. W. BUTLER, V. S., Inspector, B. A. I., Eau Claire, Wis. 


A young sow that I had condemned at the abattoir about 
three weeks before on account of pregnancy gave birth to one pig, 
which was found dead on the morning of March 6. Upon exami- 
nation another dead pig was found wedged in the pelvis. This 
I delivered by the aid of a strong twine slipped over its head. 
In a short time another was forced back and delivered in a sim- 
ilar way. Then alive one was born without assistance, fol- 
lowed soon by a fifth, which I brought to light by getting hold 
of its hind feet. These both died, however, in a short time. 
Upon further examination I could feel the tail of another, and 
after waiting some time for a change in position without results 
I decided to operate. 


- 


REPORTS OF CASES. 185 


Cut hair from right flank, washed skin with soap and water 
and thoroughly soaked with sublimate sol. r-1ooo. Anesthet- 
ized sow completely with chloroform ; placed her on a box; 
made incision about five inches long through skin, muscles and 
peritoneum ; placed a cloth previously soaked in a solution of 
carbolic acid over the wound, having made an opening through 
it a little larger and corresponding to the incision. Introduced 
left hand, grasped head of pig contained in uterus and drew it 
well outside of incision ; incised uterus, withdrew pig and en- 
veloping membranes and closed incision in uterus with inter- 
rupted silk-worm gut sutures. A second pig was removed in a 
similar manner by making a second incision in the opposite 
horn. Closed the outside wound by one set of deep interrupted 
sutures, using heavy linen twine and including skin, muscles 
and peritoneum. Afterward smeared the outside over with pine 
tar. During operation instruments and suture material were 
in a solution of carbolic acid, and sublimate solution was freely 
used on hands and wounds. 

The sow took some fresh milk that night and continued to 
eat each day. About the third day she expelled a foetal mem- 
brane which must have belonged to one of the pigs born by na- 
tural passage. The incision through the abdominal wall with 
the exception of a little at the lower part healed by first inten- 
tion. At the lower part, however, there was pus formation and 
a little burrowing between the skin and muscles, which gave a 
little trouble. There was also a discharge of pus from the va- 
gina for some time, probably due to mechanical injury in deliver- 
ing the pigs from that passage. Notwithstanding this the sow 
has done well and is now in excellent condition. 

I used the pine tar dressing not from preference, but because 
I had nothing else at hand. 

There is nothing remarkable about this case or operation, 
but it shows what may be done, with reasonable care, even in 
an old barn where both dust and cobwebs are abundant. 

Out of six operations of this kind in the sow I have lost 
three and bad three recover. 

I think one should always operate under a general anzsthe- 
tic, not only from a humane standpoint, but one can do much 
better and safer work when the animal is quiet. 


PECULIAR SYMPTOMS IN A MULE. 
By A. JASME, Savannah, Ga. 
On October 17th last, I was requested to visit a mule, being 


186 REPORTS OF CASES. 


told that it couldn’t stand up, except by leaning against the 
wall of the stable, with the right side of the body: would have 
fallen if made to rest against left side. I was then told that al- 
though the Ze/¢ eye was perfectly normal in appearance, the pa- 
tient, who had been sick two days, could not see with the left 
eye; this information, of course, enabled me to make a diagno- 
sis before reaching the patient. At my arrival the foregoing 
was found correct and no injury could be found on the head, no 
aistory of a fall, mule eating, no fever, unable to stand without 
being against the stall, when it could walk around (right side 
touching). Of course I had to say indigestion caused it, as we 
are supposed to give a cause for everything under the sun. In 
about three or four days, the first improvement was noticed, pa- 
tient being able to work in two weeks, and can see all right. 

Now, I am sure there was no injury. What was the cause? 

I read with interest the cases reported through the REVIEw, 
but it seems to me that we should profit by reading about un- 
successful treatments as well as about successful ones: the first 
being very conspicuous by their absence. 


TWO EYELESS PUPS. 
By A. JASME, Savannah, Ga. 

Two six-months-old pointers, one male and one female, were 
brought to my office with the statement that they had never 
opened their eyes. Upon examination, I found the opening be- 
tween the lids to be free from all adhesions, and about one 
third of the usual size in such dogs, they being large and fat. 
Further examination revealed the fact that they have no eye- 
balls. In one of the dogs there appears protruding through the 
eyelid, a small bunch of hair; this, being pulled on, has the 
appearance of a skin with hair disposed in such manner as to 
appear to be another eyelid in the place of the eyeball. More 
thorough examination of the deeper parts could not be had on 
account of the size of the opening between the lids. On fur- 
ther inquiry, I found that the litter consisted of four, two dying 
a few days after birth, and two, now living, and as well grown 
and happy as any pup of six months of age. It is probable 
that the owner will consent to keep and breed them, and if that 
can be arranged you may hear from me again in the near fu- 
ture. 


THIRTY-SEVEN VETERINARIANS took the civil service ex- 
amination for meat inspector at Kansas City last month. 


Beets Send te 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 187 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
FRENCH REVIEW. 


By Prof. A. LiauTARD, M. D., V. M. 


OSSIFYING SARCOMA OF THE TURBINATED BONES IN A 
MARE— OPERATION — RECOVERY [Prof Coguot|.—Tumors 
of the nasal cavities are not as rare as might be sup- 
posed by the number of recorded observations. A _half-bred 
filly, of three years, for several weeks has been roaring. 
She has a yellowish grey discharge on the right side. The 
face on that side is the seat of a swelling that extends up- 
wards on a level with the eye, it is hard and not painful 
on percussion. Examination of the inside of the nostril re- 
veals an elongated mass, rosy in color, hard to the touch and 
filling the whole extent of the nasal cavity. The animal cast, 
it is seen that this mass is immovable and united to the turbi- 
nated bones. The animal after preparation was thrown and se- 
cured, and as the growth could not be removed, on account of 
its size, through the nostril, the operation of Ruini was per- 
formed, by incision of the false nostril. But after entrance into 
the anterior part of the nasal cavity, it was found that the oper- 
ation of Sind, the trephining through the- nasal bone, was nec- 
essary. This was done by making four holes through that bone, 
leveling the spaces between them with shears and gauge and 
the tumor was then exposed in its whole extent. Its form was 
conical and its base resting on the ethmoid. It was made up of 
the two turbinated bones found in a compact mass, as hard as 
bone. It was removed. The abundant hemorrhage was stopped 
by plugging. The cicatrization went on without complication, 
and was completed in a week. The roaring had all gone. The 
histological study of the mass showed it to be an ossifying sar- 
coma of the turbinated bones.—(Rec. de Med. Vet., Oct. 15, 1904.) 

RELATING TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF GLANDERS [J/r. Necho- 
las|.—May 3, 1904, a horse was brought to the Lyons School 
Clinic as a suspect of glanders. He had the gland, the unilat- 
eral discharge, both characteristic, but nothing abnormal in 
the nasal cavities. The animal was malleined. The thermic 
reaction was 0.3°; therefore there was no reaction. With an 
emulsion of the discharge in distilled water, three guinea-pigs 
received an intraperitoneal injection. Two of those,a few days 
later, had double orchitis, which soon diminished in severity. 


188 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


One of the little sick animals was destroyed. It had all the le- 
sions characteristic of vaginitis of glanders. The bacteriologi- 
cal examination by LOoffler’s method gave negative results, while 
the Gram process revealed numerous microbes. With the tes- 
ticular lesions another injection was made on three other guinea- 
pigs. There was no orchitis following, but at post-mortem 
there were found caseified tubercles in the liver, spleen and 
lungs, with some little lesions on the testicular cords. Other 
inoculations made with the virulent products obtained from the 
lesions or from cultures were followed in some cases by orchitis, 
in others only by lesions of internal organs. Intravenous in- 
jections killed rabbits ; scarifications on dogs gave slight cedema 
but no ulceration. Conclusions, besides the microbes which 
can give rise to orchitis analogous to that of glanders, the au- 
thor has found in the discharge of a horse which has no glan- 
ders, another microbe likely to produce testicular changes.— 
(Journ. de Zo0t-Bulletin Veter., Aug., 1904.) 

FORTY-EIGHT Hours’ STABULATION FOLLOWED BY DOUBLE 
RaptaL PARALYSIS [J/r. Cheret].—Under this heading the 
author relates the case of a stallion which after two days of rest 
was put to work, and after a short distance, 1,500 metres, was 
taken sick. He laid down twice and then his fore legs were 
taken with convulsive tremblings, frequent and sudden contrac- 
tion, which threaten to make him fall. He was taken home 
with difficulty. He laid down and had much difficulty in ris- 
ing, the hind legs only acting. The animal cannot walk, and 
is always on the verge of dropping on his knees. The urine 
taken from the bladder is perfectly clear, light yellow and 
without settlement. Treatment, counter-irritation on both 
shoulders and forearms; diuretics. The next day no change. 
The day after improvement is manifest. The fourth day, still 
better. The sixth, everything is normal.—(2Bzdlet. de la Soc. 
Cent., Nov. 30, 1904.) [Is it not likely for this case to be one 
of azoturia with manifestations on the anterior instead of the 
posterior legs? Of course, the urine seems to answer no—but !!! 
BeeL| 

UPON FRACTURES FOLLOWING DIAGNOSTIC INJECTIONS OF 
CocaInE [MW/r. Drouin|.—German writers have warned practi- 
tioners of the danger that those injections present by being fol- 
lowed with fractures of the phalanges. Similar cases have also 
been observed in France. But there is, in the interpretation 
given by the German, an error, and such accidents must not 
prevent the use of the injections in cases of lameness with doubt- 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 189 


ful location. The author presents a case which illustrates the 
pathogeny of those accidents. A horse was taken suddenly very 
lame, the foot merely touches the ground by the toe. A 
diagnosis of interphalangeal fracture is made and the animal 
destroyed as he is of little value and not worth treatment. At 
post-mortem the examination of the first phalanx shows that 
there is a longitudinal fracture. This injury is incomplete and 
the fragments are kept together by a bony piece measuring two 
centimetres. Let us suppose that on such wounded animals, 
the injection of cocaine is used ; the lameness is removed. But 
if to show the positive result, the animal is made to trot again 
and again, the fracture will become completed and then the co- 
caine is accused of it, while the case was perfectly amenable to 
treatment. Moral: Be prudent in the test; do not repeat the 
examination in action; be specially careful when the lameness 
is sudden, acute and very great, and always remember that there 
may be a severe lesion that an untimely exercise may render 
irremediable, when the indication (pain) is no longer there to 
make the animal take the necessary precautions.—(Pudlet. de la 
Soc. Cent., Nov. 30, 1904.) 

WOUND OF THE RECTUM—PROLAPSUS AND LIMITED DRY 
GANGRENE—RECOVERY [£. Mouzlleron|.—The prognosis of 
wounds of the rectum is generally rather serious, on account of 
the facility of infection by the many pathogenous microérgan- 
isms which surround them. Some cases, however, are on record 
showing the comparatively great resistance of the tissues in- 
volved. The following illustrates it.. While having his tem- 
perature taken, a horse is frightened, makes a sudden move, 
the thermometer escaped the fingers of the assistant, drops in 
the rectum and when it is looked for, it is found broken with 
one end -tearing the mucous and muscular coats. The wound, 
although superficial, is accompanied the next day with a pro- 
lapsus recti as big asa child’s head, which cannot be reduced, as 
the membranes are very soft and there is danger of tearing them. 
In raising the hernied mass, a superficial gangrenous spot of 
the mucosa is found, measuring the sizeof asilver dollar. Not- 
withstanding this complication, the general condition is good. 
The next day the growth is larger, dark in color, and the slough 
of the gangrenous surface well outlined. It is eliminated the 
next day, the muscular coat is exposed, cicatrizing; the tumor 
has diminished. In a few days recovery is completed.—( Rec. de 
Med. Vet., Nov. 15, 1904.) 

DIAGNOSIS OF VOLVULUS AND INVAGINATION IN CATTLE 


190 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


[ Detroye|.—Rather frequent, the occlusion of the intestine fol- 
lowing these conditions is always serious. ‘The treatment that 
the author has followed has given him some success. Colza oil 2 
litres, castor oil 500 grammes, sulphate of eserin gramme 0.10, 
given in two doses, and with that forced exercise on a very in- 
clined plane. After considering the various symptoms which have 
been observed and appreciating them to the diagnostic point of 
view, the author gives a minute description of those which are 
present in the two first days, and which permit a diagnosis. 
After that time the case is doomed to die. /7rst day.—Refuses 
food and drink; no rumination; has had or has yet colics; 
dejections rare; intestinal sounds, so characteristic of enteritis, 
are absolutely absent in volvulus and invagination. After 
colics, the animal lays on the left side, hind legs extended, 
often with head turned towards the flank. When he is up or 
is taken out he assumes the position to defecate, keeps it for 
awhile and expels very little faeces. By external palpation of 
the right flank, a sore spot may be detected. By internal ex- 
ploration the obstruction may be felt. By auscultation of the 
abdomen no noise is detected, pathognomonic sign of the oc- 
clusion; should this be imperfect, slight glou-glou noise is 
heard. Second day.—Still refuses food and drink ; no rumina- 
tion; almost no defecation ; no more colics; animal always lays 
down with legs extended. Urination more or less. Efforts at 
defecation are followed only with the escape of a small ball of 
excrements, coated or mixed with grayish and at times bloody 
mucus. Sudden pressure of the right flank is almost always 
followed by more or less sharp pain. Jerked palpation below 
the right flank gives sensation of liquid or semi-liquid matters 
in the intestines. Internal palpation reveals a lump, more or 
less voluminous, hard, painful when pressed upon and at times 
crepitating. The pain makes the animal move or promotes the 
sudden raising of one hind leg. If the lump, seat of the twist- 
ing or of the invagination, is not detected, the abnormal reple- 
tion of a portion of the intestine is readily felt. By ascultation, 
one observes the entire absence of noise, and by pushing with 
the head at the inferior part of the right flank, the intestinal 
chopping noise is heard. To resume :—On the second day there 
can be no doubt in the diagnosis on account of the real value of 
the history of the case, the precision of the signs obtained by 
observation and the easy detection of several symptoms on ex- 
ploration which are absolutely pathognomonic.—(Rev. Gen. de 
Med. Vet., Dec. 1, 1904.) 


are. 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 191 


PRESENCE OF GLUCOSE IN THE URINE OF A STALLION 
WITH DourRINE [ /. Roger|.—Although this is only a single 
case, which needs others to confirm it, it is valuable in the dif- 
ferential diagnosis of dourine. A stallion was affected with the 
disease ; diagnosis positive by clinical manifestations, bacteri- 
ology and experiments. His urine obtained in normal quan- 
tity is amber-colored, cloudy, sticky, reducing Fehling’s solu- 
tion and giving positive results when treated by Gmelin reac- 
tion. The presence of sugar and of the biliary pigments have 
always been constant. The quantity of glucose varied between 
2.04 gram. and 10.75 gram. to each litre of urine. The in- 
tensity of the glycosuria was in direct proportion with the 
weight of the animal.—( Revue Veter., Dec. 1, 1904.) 

GENERALIZED MELANOSIS IN A HEIFER [Z£. Bru].—A 
heifer, 20 months old, was slaughtered. When examined, the 
carcass was cut in quarters. The aspect of the medullary canal 
is peculiar. A black cord extends from the first cervical verti- 
bra to the coccygeal region. It is the largest in the dorsal and 
lumbar regions and extends with the nervous and vascular 
ramifications. On a level with the intercostal spaces, on the 
parietal pleura, black spots are observed ; they are of various 
sizes. The liver is infiltrated with melanine; the heart and 
lungs are also filled with them. The cerebral meninges are 
covered with black mush, the brain is impregnated with similar 
substance. ‘The melanotic infiltration exists also in the masse- 
ter and the pterygoid muscles, the inferior maxillary, the glu- 
teal aponeurosis, The tongue, the parotids, and submaxillary 
glands are not so badly affected. The spleen, pancreas, thyroids, 
kidneys, and lymphatic glands are free from any lesion. While 
alive the animal was in apparently perfect health and showed 
nothing to make it supposed that she had such an affection. 
For an animal of that age, the lesions were unusually interest- 
ing.—(Revue Veter., Dec. 1, 1904.) 

PHENOLINE [£zg. Bass].—A preparation of creosote which 
has been tried by the author at the veterinary school of Tou- 
louse. After giving the results of his experiments in the treat- 
ment of wounds of all kinds, in obstetrical cases and diseases of 
the genital organs of females, in skin diseases and parasitic af- 
fections, Mr. Bass concludes: (1) Phenoline is a good disinfec- 
tant, which may be used with advantage in the treatment of 
wounds and diseases of the genital organs. (2) By its antipara- 
sitic properties, it proves itself an excellent agent in the treat- 
ment of cutaneous diseases due to vegetable or animal origin. 


192 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


é 
(3) When freely applied externally, it does not have any toxic 
effects. (4) It is far superior to creoline, lysol and the like.— 
(Revue Veterin., Oct. 7, 1904.) 


ENGLISH REVIEW. 


By Prof. A. LiauTarp, M. D., V. M. 

A PECULIAR CASE OF CARCINOMA IN THE HORSE [Prof 
McFadyean|.—Fven in cases that are frequent, there are some 
which run out of the ordinary, and on that account deserve at- 
tention. Such isthe following. ‘The nature of the trouble was 
confirmed by microscopic examination. In June last a horse 
was observed having a submaxillary enlargement. Tapped, 


no pus escaped, but it kept enlarging until finally it extended | 


upwards towards the parotid and downwards along the neck, 
so as to reach the entrance of the chest. The horse had a dis- 
charge from the eyes for years; there are some new growths on 
the membrana nictitans. As the animal kept growing worse 
and his case being considered hopeless he was destroyed in No- 
vember. Now comes the interest, in the post-mortem. The 
general condition is good. The third eyelid is covered on its 
anterior face by a layer of new growths. The swelling of the 
maxillary space, mostly on the left side, is extending upwards 
towards the ear and downwards along the neck as far as the front 
of the chest. The skin that covers it is firmly adherent to it and its 
dissection isaccompanied with an abundant flow of yellow clear 
fluid. On isolating the left submaxillary lymphatic gland, which 
forms the tumor, the anterior lobes appear normal, but the pos- 
terior lobes are enlarged and blended with a mass of new forma- 
tion extending under the parotid. The swelling of the neck 
seems to be made up of diffused thickening of the subcutaneous 
and intermuscular cellular tissue. On the left side of the 
pharynx there is an irregular tumor as big as a man’s fist. The 
right lymphatic glands are not diseased, neither is the mucous 
membrane of the mouth, soft palate, pharynx and larnynx. At 
the entrance to the chest is found a large irregular tumor, pro- 
truding three or four inches outside of the chest, passing between 
the front ribs into the thorax so as to reach near the heart. 
This tumor, which has taken the place of the prepectoral lymph- 
atic glands, surrounds closely the large vessels of the anterior 
mediastinum and is in contact with the trachea and cesophagus. 
All the other organs are normal. ‘The nature of the intermax- 


2 te ote Fay 


—" 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 193 


illary growth, that of the pharynx, of the chest, as well as of 
the granulations of the eyelid, were that of typical squamous- 
celled carcinoma.—(/ourn. of Comp. Patho. and Therap., Dec., 
1904.) 

NICOTINE AND BELLADONNA POISONING IN A Doc [G. #. 
Livesey, M. R. C. V. S.|.—A fox terrier is reported dying in a 
fit. When seen all its muscles are in a state of clonic spasm, 
especially the masseters and the muscles of the neck and abdo- 
men. ‘The membrana nictitans covers the eyes almost entirely ; 


_the eyes are retracted in the orbits; his mouth is very moist; 


the mucous membranes rather pale; pulse quick and full; res- 
piration not accelerated, extremities are cold, nose cold and dry. 
Deglutition seems impossible. The history is obscure; he is 
said to have had worms, for which he was treated. Bromide of 
potassium is given. New inquiries about how the dog became 
sick brings out the fact that previous to the fit he had vom- 
ited. On examining the rejected massa big lump of about half 
an ounce of plug tobacco is found. The diagnosis is then posi- 
tive—poisoning by nicotine. The dog has now become quiet, 
but shows signs of collapse. Strychnine is prescribed and dilu- 
ted alcohol given. The next day he is well. Comparing this 
case with poisoning by belladonna, the author points out that 
in this last, there are no convulsions, that the pupil is dilated, 
etc. In cases of doubt, however, conclusive evidence is offered 
by the mouth, which in belladonna poisoning is dry or gummy, 
whereas with nicotine the mouth remains moist, containing sa- 
liva and mucus with probably smell of tobacco.—(/ourn. of 
Comp. Patho. and Therap., Dec., 1904.) 

DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA.—An entire pony, of great value, 
after an ordinary day of work, although he sweated more than 
usual, is found the next day in his box, lying down and refus- 
ing his food. Towards 11 o’clock he has some slight colics, 
which, however, are not relieved by an opiate drench. At 3 
o’clock the colics continue. The temperature is normal, the 
pulse is 70. Diagnosis, intestinal obstruction. Appropriate 
treatment is prescribed. At 7 o’clock the pulse has gone up to 
65, then to 80. The horse has no great acute pains. Now he 
stands up perfectly quiet, then he lies down on his back, rest- 
ing against the wall. Bromide of potassium and chloral are ad- 
ministered, but without result. During the night the tempera- 
ture rises to 102°, the pulse to go, and soonit counts 112. The 
conjunctival coatings are much injected. The horse sits on his 
haunches. The condition grows worse little by little and the 


194 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


horse dies in the evening. At the post-mortem there was found 
a rupture of the diaphragm, measuring I % inches in length and 
through this small opening 2% feet of small intestine had 
passed, entered the thoracic cavity and became strangulated. 
The principal interest of the case, says the author, is the absence 
of any acute manifestations during life which might suggest the 
presence of the lesions found at the autopsy.—(Vefer. Record, 
Jan. 14, 1905.) 

DISTEMPER IN DoGS—PHYSALIX VACCINE | A. Spicer, F. R. 
C. V..S.|.—On August 16, 1902, a young retriever, three months 
old, received the first vaccine. The third day following he had 
a swelling at the point of inoculation, as big as a pigeon’s egg. 
On the sixth day he had characteristic eczema, and discharge 
from the eyes. The same day four other dogs were inoculated ; 
they also had a similar swelling. Ten days later all the dogs 


received the second vaccine. Since the author has vaccinated ~ 


six other dogs; three had no reaction, two had a small swel- 
ling, the sixth one also only after the first inoculation. On Jan- 
uary 20, the first retriever was taken sick; he had a tempera- 
ture of 1052°, and the symptoms of distemper, although in mild 
form, but would have been very sick had he not received good 
care and been kept in a warm place. May 25, 1903, the author 
vaccinated another retriever, which received the second injec- 
tion June 3. On both occasions the animal had a swelling; 
the vaccine seemed to have taken well. October 13 this same 
dog had diarrhcea, ran at the eyes, his temperature raised, he 
had bloody feeces, pneumonia and finally recovered. Another 
fox terrier was inoculated about the same time. ‘The two vac- 
cinations reacted well. Four months later he developed a typ- 
ical case of distemper.—( Vet. Record, Jan. 21, 1905.) 

RUPTURE OF THE STOMACH WITH PECULIAR CLINICAL HIs- 
tory [Z. W. Hoare, F. R. C. V. .S.|.—An eight-year-old horse 
received for his morning meal a small quantity of ‘‘chop.” He 
did slight work afterwards, but worked without his usual energy. 
When he goes back to the stable he refuses his food and begins 
to salivate abundantly. From time to time he looks at his flanks, 
groans, but shows no symptoms of abdominal pains. The 
pulse is accelerated, but not weak ; temperature 101 ; respiration 
normal ; salivation very abundant; teeth irregular and sharp. 
Gargle for the mouth is prescribed and a drench of chloral left 
to be given if the horse gets uneasy. Suddenly he is taken very 
sick, lays down, breaks out in perspiration, trembles all over his 
body, and as the stableman gives him the drench, he dies. At 


| 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 195 


the post-mortem the abdomen was found to contain a large 
quantity of food. ‘There was a large rupture of the stomach, in- 
volving the whole great curvature of the organ. It is certainly 
very interesting to observe that during his illness the animal 
did not manifest any symptoms of colic. He did not vomit 
either.—(Vet. Record, Jan. 28, 1905.) 

PRACTICAL VALUE OF LAPAROTOMY FOR SOME ABDOMINAL 
DISEASES AND A NEW METHOD OF TREATING PROLAPSUS 
Recti [Frederick Hobday, F. R. C. V. S.|.—The author has 
performed the operation 473 times; 123 in horses, more than 
300 in dogs and cats, the remaining in cattle and other animals. 
Among the indications for laparotomy are mentioned: explora- 
tory purposes to detect obscure disease of the internal organs, 
for the removal of foreign body or reduction of hernia ; for dis- 
tokia, removal of obstructions of all natures, twist of the bowel, 
intussusception, prolapse of the bowel through the anus. For 
this trouble there are three modes of treatment: The first is to 
return the prolapsed bowel and keep it in place by means of in- 
terrupted or tobacco-pouch sutures. The second is that of ampu- 
tation. For the third, technically termed a “ proctopexia,”’ 
laparotomy is performed, the prolapsed bowel withdrawn and 
sutured to the abdomen. The fourth method resorted to by the 
author is new in veterinary medicine, and consists in the nar- 
rowing of the lumen of the relaxed anus by the subcutaneous 
and submucous injections of sterilized paraffin wax; the wax 
placed in one basin containing boiling water, is thus melted and 
kept in that condition ; another basin is at hand containing 
cold water; hypodermic syringe with a fair lumen needle; cot- 
ton wool swabs are necessary. The modus operandi is tius de- 
scribed : The patient placed on the table, in abdominal position, 
the anal region is shaved, washed with etherial soap, rendered 
surgically clean, and cocained. ‘The rectum, usually empty, is 
swabbed with antiseptics. ‘‘ The needle is then inserted, being 
guided by a finger placed into the rectum, and a certain amount 
of wax sufficient to form an artificial pillar, is inserted between 
the coats of the bowel. During this process, hot swabs are held 
over the needle to prevent consolidation of the wax, and as soon 
as it is completed, water as cold as possible is used in the same 
way to make the wax set in the tissues. In mild cases it is 
only necessary to insert the needle a little distance, and thus 
make the injections only subcutaneous. This injection is repeat- 
ed either at two or four places, as the case may be.” This oper- 
ation, performed by Mr. F. H. in two cases, where other treat- 


196 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


ment had failed, has given permanent results.—(Vet. Record, 
Feb. 4, 1905.) 

INTERNAL ADMINISTRATION OF FORMALDEHYDE BY INTRA- 
VENOUS INJECTION [Harry Lomas, M. R. C. V. S.].—The au- 
thor was induced to use formaldehyde on account of its power- 
ful antiseptic properties, and he has used it in connection with 
diseases which are fairly recognized as of microbic origin. He 
records three cases of purpura treated by this method. ‘The dose 
in each case has been 3i of a 4o per cent. solution of formal- 
dehyde in water, one injection only being required. The solu- 
tion in the three cases seemed to be strong, but it is perfectly 
harmless if the injection is made directly into the vein and not 
in the subcutaneous tissue. If any of the injection fails to reach 
the lumen of the vein, which is rather an unfortunate common 
occurrence, the result is a swelling, of various sizes, which, how- 
ever, subsides gradually without any complication. The first 
case received 31 of the solution in 3xx of water. He had a 
pulse of 72, temperature of 102.2. Swelling of the head, legs, 
etc. On the 7th day the pulse was down to 48, temperature 
100, and in a few days had entirely recovered. ‘The second 
animal in a marked condition of purpura, swellings, blotches, 
etc., pulse 60, temperature 103, received the first day the same 
injection (3iin 3xx). On the 4th day he had so much im- 
proved that most swelling was gone, his pulse 48, the tempera- 
ture 100. ‘The third case, also one of purpura (after strangles) 
received the first day 3i1in 3v. The pulse, from 56 and temper- 
ature 102, were on the fourth day down to 44 and 1oo and the 
animal in full convalescence. In each case there was a swell- 
ing following at the point of injection, which passed off without 
trouble.—(Vet. Rec., Feb. 11, 1905.) 

A URETHRAL Catcuuus [ Retractor |.—Some while ago the 
author had operated on this dog, a greyhound of six years old, 
and as the animal had shown no complication.or return of the 


trouble for nearly three months, it was, hoped that a radical re- ~ 


covery was obtained. After that length of time, however, the 
dog, which had appeared in good health all the while, became 
uneasy and made ineffectual attempts at micturation. He sud- 
denly disappeared and was found only two days after, when he 
showed a dull and stupid appearance and with enlarged abdo- 
men, as if suffering with ascites, the size of the abdomen being 
due to an enormously distended bladder. On passing a probe 
in the urethra, a calculus was detected. It was removed by an 
incision of the canal, and with it came out a quantity of sandy 


aii ts — 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, 197 


deposit. The bladder was then emptied of a large quantity of 
coffee-colored urine. But the condition of the dog was such 
and there was such probability of another attack that the ani- 
mal was destroyed. At the post-mortem the bladder was found 
of a deep crimson color. The mucous membrane was studded 
with numerous shiny crystals of various sizes, from that of a 
pin’s head to that of a small pea. ‘There was also a great deal 
of sabulous material.—(Vez. Record, March 4, 1905.) 


THE late Marcus Daly’s horse stock, at the Bitter Root 
Ranch, in Montana, embraced more than one thousand animals 
in addition to the thoroughbreds and trotters. Five hundred 
of them were draught horses used in working the ranch. 

VETERINARIANS OF WESTERN CANADA.—That excellent 
agricultural and stock journal, the Farmers Advocate, of Win- 
nipeg, Manitoba, is publishing weekly sketches of prominent 
veterinarians of Western Canada. In the introductory article 
the following preamble occurs: ‘“‘ Recognizing the importance 
to agriculture of the up-to-date, scientific, practical, educated 
veterinarian, we, from time to time, purpose introducing to our 
readers, by means of illustration and punctuated line, represen- 
tative veterinarians of Western Canada, whose great work lies 
in being custodians of Western live-stock interests, by reason of 
looking after and preserving the health of animals. A great 
trade in live stock or live-stock products cannot be built up un- 
less the animals from which such products are obtained are ~ 
healthy. ‘The standard of the profession is getting to bea 
higher one all the time. Modern agriculture has said, ‘ Fare- 
well, horse-doctor; welcome veterinarian’; for the trained 
man’s services are needed to inspect the meat, to stamp out con- 
tagious diseases dangerous to mankind, and by ensuring a‘pure 
article of milk to enable the country to grow healthy children.” 

VALUE OF MILK.—A dairyman says: ‘“ There is nothing, 
aside from the milk of human kindness, so necessary to the 
comfort of any family as the milk of a good cow. It is like oil 
poured upon the waters of life, it is a perfect food for the baby ; 
it is an excellent beverage for the children ; it furnishes cream 
for the coffee, butter for the bread, and cheese for the lunch. 
It shortens the pie-crust and raises the johnny-cake ; even the 
cat and the dog cry for it. With the farmer it goes still fur- 
ther. It raises the calf, it feeds the pig, it pleases the colt, and 
it delights the chicken. Yes, and if we will only give hera 
fair chance, the cow will clothe the children, buy comforts for 
the wife, pay the taxes, and help lift the mortgage.” 


— 
To) 
(o6) 


EXTRACTS FROM MEDICAL LITERATURE. 


EXTRACTS FROM MEDICAL LITERATURE. 


By E. M. RANcCK, V. M. D., Natchez, Miss. 


ANTHRAX.—Legge, in the third of his Milroy lectures, dis- 
cusses anthrax in relation to the wool and worsted trades, to 
hides and skins, and to horse hair. Woolsorter’s disease, or in- 
ternal anthrax, is certainly much less prevalent than formerly. 
This is due to the regulations requiring care in the opening of 
the bales and removal of the damaged wool or hair, fallen 
fleeces, etc. Further, none of the dangerous specified wools, 
alpaca, pelotage, Persian, camel’s hair, and mohair may be 
opened or sorted, except at a place where a constant draught 
of air maintained by a fan carries the dust away downwards. 
Cases are now more frequent in the rooms where carding and 
combing processes are carried on. ‘The most dangerous foreign 
wool at present is Persian, followed next by camel’s hair. Steam 
sterilization, were it possible, would be the best method of dis- 
infection of wool. More careful and thorough washing of the 
wool would be the next best thing. Of hides and skins, those 
from China are the most dangerous. It is doubtful if there is 
any way in which hides to be afterwards tanned could be effec- 
tively disinfected. There seems to be no reason for doubt that 
anthrax can be conveyed by completely tanned material. As 
regards horse hair steam disinfection is the only effective means 
- of removing the danger from manipulation of dangerous horse 
hair ; but even here, absolute reliance cannot be placed on the 
destruction of all anthrax spores. Steam cannot be used for 
white hair, as it turns it yellow.—(4retzsh Medical Journal, 
Mar. 25.) 

INDUSTRIAL ANTHRAX.—Legge, in the first of the Milroy 
lectures, deals with the 261 cases of anthrax reported in Great 
Britain from 1899 to 1904. Of these 88 occurred in worsted 
and wool workers, and 23 proved fatal: the bulk of the cases 
occurred in the processes of wool sorting, combing, and spin- 
ning. Fifty-three cases occurred among workers in horsehair 
and bristles, 17 proving fatal; the patients were principally 
hair curlers and brush makers. Eighty-six cases were among 
workers in hides and skins, at the docks, in warehouses, and in 
tanyards ; 21 died. ‘The cases among wool workers are confined 
almost entirely to places where dangerous classes of wool are 
used—those from Persia, Turkey, and Switzerland. No cases 
have been traced to the use of Australian wool. The infected 
horsehair may come from China or Russia: the hides and skins 


a 


EXTRACTS FROM MEDICAL LITERATURE. 199 


from Italy or South America. The characteristic of anthrax 
to infect certain districts has been known for years.—(Zrztish 
Med. Journal, March 11.) 

THE MILK QUESTION IN CHICAGO.—The milk situation is 
very satisfactory at an unsatisfactory season. Of the 820 sam- 
ples of milk and cream analyzed in the laboratory during the 
week only 14 of milk and 30 of cream were found below grade, 
a proportion of 5.8 percent. This is I per cent. better than 
the yearly average of 1904 and at the most unfavorable season 
of the year. The director of the laboratory reports that the 
solitary dairy inspector notified the department that a number 
of shippers at Hinsdale, Downer’s Grove, and Lisle, IIl., were 
feeding wet malt and refused to comply with the department’s 
regulations. As a result of this notification inspectors were 
sent to the railway receiving platforms with orders to return all 
slop and malt fed milk to the shipper. They returned 89 cans 
in one day to the stations named. These shippers then sent 
their milk to a creamery in Lisle and upon learning this the 
department rejected all milk and cream from this creamery un- 
til every shipper who supplied the creamery with milk had 
placed his affidavit on file in the laboratory that he would not 
feed malt or brewery slops to his milch cows. Asa result of 
this action the creamery and the department have arrived at an 
agreement with the railroad, by which the company agrees not 
to ship any more malt to these towns. Wet malt and brewery 
slops milk will soon be unknown in Chicago.—(W. Y.-Phzl. Med. 
Jour., April 7.) 

BILL TO PERMIT THE CASTRATION OF HOPELESS IMBE- 
CILES.—The legislature of the State of Pennsylvania passed a bill 
on March a2tst, by 105 ayes to 28 noes, providing that it shall 
be compulsory for institutions in the State, interested exclu- 
sively or especially with the care of idiots and imbecile children 
to appoint upon their staffs at least one skilled neurologist and 
one skilled surgeon of recognized ability, whose duty it shall be, 
in conjunction with the chief physician of the institution, to 
examine the mental and physical condition of the inmates. — If 
in their judgment deemed advisable, it shall be lawful for the 
surgeon to perform such operation as shall be decided safest and 
most effective to prevent procreation. The operation shall not 
be performed except in cases that have been pronounced non- 
improvable after one year’s residence in the institution.—(V. Y.- 
Phil. Med. Jour., April 1.) 

EXAMINATION OF MILK.—Stewart describes a centrifuge in 


200 EXTRACTS FROM MEDICAL LITERATURE. 


which twenty milk tubes can be sedimented at once. This ma- 
chine is used as a matter of routine by the Philadelphia health 
board. The method of making tests follows: Milk is sedi- 
mented and a smear is made with the sediment. This is stained 
with Jenner’s stain, and the number of bacteria, red blood cells, 
and white blood cells per cubic centimetre are estimated’ If a 
specimen shows 100,000 or more cells per cubic centimetre it 
means that the cow from which the milk came has diseased ud- 
ders or teats. The particular dairy from which the milk came 
is at once notified and the sick cow excluded. This method of 
guarding the purity of the milk supply is said to give very good 
satisfaction, both to the health authorities and to the dairymen. 
—(American Medicine, March 25.) 


THE USE OF MALLEIN AND TUBERCULIN AS CURATIVE 
AGENTs.—It is to be hoped that writers for veterinary journals 
and stock papers will discontinue advocating the idea that the 
use of mallein and tuberculin may cure either of those dreadful 
diseases—glanders or tuberculosis. As it is, those engaged in 
sanitary science and police duty find it sufficiently difficult to 
prevail upon those who are unfortunate enough to possess glan- 
derous or tuberculous animals to destroy the sameas a safeguard 
against possible infection to human beings and the probable in- 
fection of other domestic animals. It is easy for a man who 
owns no diseased animals to claim that he would not hesitate to 
destroy one if he knew it was diseased; but let the same man 
possess a diseased animal and he will fight its destruction to 
the bitter end. More especially will this be the case if he has 
lately read in some journal or paper that there is a possibility 
of its being cured. 

Even if it could be positively shown that these or other 
agents could cure cases of glanders or tuberculosis, it is unques- 
tionably a fact that the menace to human life maintained by 
the presence of such diseased animals makes, in our estimation, 
the attempted treatment, other than for scientific purposes, a 
criminal procedure. We do not believe that the use of mallein 
or tuberculin will, respectively, cure cases of glanders or tuber- 
culosis, but even if such were the case our opinion would not 
change one iota from that recorded above.—( Western Vet.) 

WE acknowledge a courteous invitation to be present at the 
annual banquet of the Iowa State College Veterinary Medical 
Society, in honor of the alumni and graduating class, at the 
Savery House, Des Moines, Iowa, May 5. ‘The Governor of 
Iowa and prominent speakers will be present. 


— ars Tt) 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 201 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI. 
By D. E. Houmes, M. A., M. R. C. V.S., MUKTESAR, INDIA. 
(Translated from the German by Olof Schwarzkopf, Vet. U. S. Army.) 

The study of the biology and morphology of the different 
trypanosomide is rendered difficult by their multiplicity of 
forms. As the results of the researches of the various investi- 
gators do not always agree, even as regards one particular variety 
of trypanosomidz, Holmes tried to investigate more closely the 


_ question of the propagation of trypanosoma Evansi. He com- 


pared carefully the modifications of form in numerous stained 
specimens taken from the superficial bloodvessels of ponies in 
the different stages of the disease, as also from the liver, spleen, 
and bone-marrow shortly after the death of animals. Simulta- 
neously he examined blood of diseased animals in the hanging 
drop. As stains he employed various methods, but that of 
Nocht-Romanowsky gave him the clearest pictures. 

Holmes was particularly interested in the question whether 
a sexual conjugation precedes the multiplication of the parasite, 
an assumption which had been contradicted by the majority of 
investigators. ‘The forms of conjugation described by Plimmer 
and Bradford were explained by others as phases of a longitudi- 
nal division, but Holmes again maintains that they constitute 
conjugation. He closely observed the various forms of the pos- 
terior end of matured parasites and found that this presents 
three different forms. Some parasites possess a prolongated end 
which runs out into a sharp point, in others it is stump and 
short, and in still others it is more or less oval and resembles 
somewhat the head of a snake. 

There is every reason to look upon the first form as male par- 
asites, the second as females and the third also as females but of 
a younger age. It is not seldom to observe two parasites united 
with their ends, so that the centrosomas lie together. In almost 
every such case it could be determined that the united par- 
asites are not of the same kind, but that one showed the first 
type and the other was of the second or third type. It was also 
ascertained that the trypanosome which are under process of di- 
vision belong without exception to the second type. Holmes 
further observed that in fresh blood the parasites often approached 
each other with their posterior ends, remaining together for a 
few minutes and then separating. But the agglomeration of 


202 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


larger numbers of parasites by close contact with their posterior 
ends is the first sign of beginning degeneration. 

After conjugation the division of the centrosoma of the fe- 
male is first noticed, next the division of the nucleus. Fre- 
quently two centrosomas and two. flagelle develop before the 
division of the nucleus takes place; then follows the complete 
division, either by longitudinal division or by transverse seg- 
mentation. In the first case after the development of two cen- 
trosomas and two nuclei, the protoplasm gradually divides and 
two new parasites with flagellee appear. It is doubtful if more 
than two parasites are formed by the longitudinal division of 
the parent. In the case of transverse segmentation, however, 
two to four centrosomas or nuclei appear, and the protoplasm 
divides in equally numerous segments which separate as amece- 
boid corpuscles. These either develop gradually into mature 
parasites or they undergo further segmentation with a slow, pi- 
nal growth into maturity. 

The longitudinal division takes place more quickly, is ac- 
complished in the circulating blood and leads to a direct devel- 
opment of a mature tympanosoma. This kind of multiplication 
is found in all stages of surra. The forms of transverse seg- 
mentation, however, are greatly more difficult to ascertain. 
They are observed in blood taken during the fever period when 
the parasites are numerous. ‘The amoeboid corpuscles are found 
plentifully in the spleen, liver and marrow of killed animals or 
those that have just died. They are found in all stages in these 
organs, whereas mature parasites are few. It is thus probable 
that the amoeboid corpuscles, after segmentation of the parent 
organism, are carried by the circulation into the liver, spleen 
and marrow, here to remain until they grow into mature para- 
sites, 

Yet there seems to be still another mode of multiplication 
of trypanosoma Evansi, the existence of which is difficult to 
prove directly. In almost every preparation of blood, liver, 
spleen and ,marrow Holmes noticed numerous free nuclei. 
They take up the stain well and are by no means in a state of 
decay. Some of these nuclei are naked, others are enveloped 
in a thin coat of protoplasm. Holmes has observed them in all 
stages from the free nucleus to the amoeboid corpuscles. On 
the other hand he has frequently observed well-stained parasites 
in which the nucleus is about to leave the protoplasm of the 
organism. ‘Thus it appears as if the nuclei which escape from 
the body of the organism, as also those which escape from the 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 203 


body of dying parasites, have the faculty to transform them- 
selves into new parasitic elements.—(Berlin Thwerarztliche 
Wochenschrijt, Dec. 22, 1904.) 

Remarks.—This concise article is not only interesting but 
valuable. Little new has been added of late to our knowledge 
of the trypanosoma Evansi. The latest contribution fiom Amer- 
ican sources, the report of the Biological Laboratory in Manila, 
is little more than a rehearsal of former experiments. A great 
deal of work has been done there in a short time, and the result 
is superficiality. Some conclusions reached, as for instance the 
recommendation to destroy the deer and other wild animals 
which are supposed to harbor the parasite, are so far fetched as 
almost to be devoid of common sense. One can draw faulty 
conclusions from correct premises, and the absence of veterinary 
counsel, if not in the purely bacteriological work at least in 
clinical veterinary control, is very apparent in many pages of the 
report. It is not sufficient to scan the veterinary literature and 
record veterinary publications on surra, but a live veterinarian 
attached to the Biological Laboratory in Manila would have saved 
the authors of the report from many errors which they have un- 
consciously perpetrated from want of the most elementary vet- 
erinary knowledge. 

The merit of Dr. Holmes’ investigation lies in its specific 
object. We know none too much of the life history of trypano- 
soma Evansi, and while some of his observations were already 
hinted at by previous investigators, he has greatly cleared up 
some doubtful points. If the results of his investigations are 
confirmed by others who have the opportunity to follow them 
up, a new field of vision as regards the propagation of surra may 
open before us. The theory of the propagation by flies alone 
has never deeply penetrated into the conviction of those veter- 
inarians who have clinically observed the spread of surra. We 
were stunned at first by the newness of the theory, but gradually 
our doubts were strengthened. Dr. Nockolds, first cavalry, in 
his last two articles on surra (A. V. R., Dec., 1902, and May, 
1903,) speaks strongly against this theory, and he has seen a 
great deal of surra. I myself had never seen surra until the 
spring of 1902, when I went to the Pasay Cavalry Barracks near 
Manila, where Dr. Ernst, that earnest, unpretending and thor- 
ough-going veterinarian of the Quartermaster Dept. there, 
showed me the first horse dying from surra under awful agony. 
I observed the poor animal for a while and then, looking about 
me, asked him: Where are the flies? With a gentle, sarcastic 


204 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


smile he replied: We have had no flies so far this season ! Vet, 


new horses were constantly coming down with surra in the ab- 
sence of flies. At another station, later on, I noticed untold 
numbers of flies of different varieties, so many as to be almost 
unbearable to men and horses, but there was no surra and there 
had not been any surra. When I invited the attention of this 
fact to a would-be bacteriologist, he explained to me by saying : 
They are not the right kind of flies! But the fact remains with 
me up to this day, that I never had the good fortune to see the 
right kind ofa fly, although I closely observed many cases of 
surra before I left the Philippine Islands. 

No one doubts the transmission of surra by biting flies as ove 
mode of the propagation of the disease. The scientific proof is 


overwhelmingly for this theory. But there must be another 


more common mode of propagation, although any reference to 
such is sneered at by the fly theorists. I have the greatest re- 
spect for laboratory research and a like respect for the workers 
in this field of arduous labor, principally because I have done 
considerable bacteriological work myself in former years. But 
I also know from personal experience that nothing is so liable 
to make one a confirmed fanatic on theoretical issues as con- 
tinued and exclusive laboratory work, and I am pretty certain 
that the fly theorists belong to this class, because they will not 
listen to clinical evidence which is to the contrary. I earnestly 
desire to encourage our young army veterinarians to pursue vet- 
erinary bacteriology in its true spirit, never forgetting that lab- 
oratory work must be controlled by clinical work if it is to 
lead to broad-minded conceptions and if it is to bear applicable 
results. While we have no veterinary laboratory in our army, 
we may have one in the future, and it is to the younger col- 
leagues that we must look for practical results. 

As far as surra is concerned we.army veterinarians have all 
reason to long for practical results. The usefulness of the army 
horse is almost put to question if surra should ever appear 
among the cavalry and artillery in a future war of any magni- 
tude. It would hinder, if not stop, all forward movement which 
underlies the gospel of offensive tactics so dear to our strategists. 
While the English army veterinarians have succeeded in stop- 
ping surra in India by recognizing infected districts and forbid- 
ding the feeding of the grass and the drinking of water in such 
districts, the prevention of surra by the fly theory in the Philip- 
pines by smearing all abrasions on horses with ointments, etc., 
etc., has born no fruit, and if we trust the reports of our veter- 


hae ae 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 205 


inarians there, the gradual confinement of surra into certain lo- 
calities is wholly due to an enforcement of hygienic measures. 
What is needed, therefore, is just such research as this of Dr. 
Holmes diving deep into one question at atime, and not at- 
tempting the solution of many simultaneously. We need more 
light on the parasite if we want to unravel the true causation of 
sutra. What hinders the assumption that the amceboid corpus- 
cles and the liberated nuclei of Holmes aré carried outward by 
the emissions of the horse, say by the urine, and lay dormant un- 
til-a rainy season brings forth the impetus to the completion of 
their lifecycle. Do we not have similar instances in the spores 
of bacilli? Do we not find amceba in water, in fact is not 
stagnant water their natural habitat? Of course, this is only a 
hypothesis, but one worthy of following up by investigation, 
and if it is proven that the flight of my mind has been running 
into a wrong direction, we shall have learned one more point 


worth knowing in the causation of surra. (O. 8.) 
* i * 

AMERICAN HORSES AS SEEN THROUGH ENGLISH 
EYES. 


‘“ Major James Moore, of the veterinary department of the 
British army, in the course.of a recent lecture on the horse sup- 
ply of various countries with relation to military service, esti- 
mated the equine population of the world at 80,000,000, which 
iS 5,000,000 more than the estimate of the United States De- 
partment of Agriculture. He estimates the horses in the West- 
ern hemisphere number 25,000,000, of which the United States 
and Canada have 19,000,000 and 2,750,000 mules. Major Moore 
has a high opinion of the value of American horses and mules 
for military uses and believes that the quality of the animals is 
steadily improving. He considers that the 107,511 horses and 
80,524 mules purchased in America by the British government 
during the Boer War were worth all they cost, even though 
prices were high. To the American mule, that modest, patient, 
potential servitor of our military institutions, Major Moore pays 
this well-deserved tribute: ‘Though my paper relates only to 
horses, I am loth to’ close my altogether inadequate remarks 
without mention of the American mule—peer of mule kind— 
the most handsome, hardy, useful, and satisfactory animal ex- 
tant, and of greater average value than horses in his own coun- 
try. From the small miner, 12.3 to 13 hands, to the magnifi- 
cent heavy sugar mule, 16.2, he is bred in Missouri and contig- 


206 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


uous States, alsoin Texas, and his market is for mines, lumber 
trade, and the cotton and sugar fields of the south. I take off 
my hat to the St. Louis mule that was regularly hunted with 
one of our best English packs some few years ago. ‘Truly, he 
was worthy of the honor of a pink coat.’ ”"—(dArmy and Navy 
Journal, April 8, 1905.) 

This testimony of our English army colleague as regards 
the American horses and mules which have served the English 
army so well in their warfare against the ever-mounted Boer is, 
indeed, very pleasing. According to the above statement, the 
English army must have purchased over 200,000 of our horses 
and mules, and they had, therefore, good opportunity to test 
them and compare them with their own horses and those which 
came from Europe, South America and Australia. 

No doubt, many officers and veterinarians of our army would 
ask : How and where did the English find these highly praised 
American horses? For several years past the increasing infe- 
riority of horses adapted for cavalry service has been noted in 
our military journals, particularly in the Journal of the U.S. 
Cavalry Association. ‘This censure has come from different 
regiments, widely scattered throughout the United States, and 
the complaint seems, therefore, to be universal. 

It will not be amiss, at this time, to chronicle how the Eng- 
lish purchased their horses in this country, as observed by the 
writer. Early in 1898 I happened to be in the New York horse 
marts with an intending purchaser, when I noticed two gentle- 
men, evidenly foreigners, examining some horses in a manner 
different from ours. Inquiring who they were, I was told that 
they were English officers purchasing horses for South Africa. 
My curiosity was aroused, and I observed their proceeding. 
They evidently had a predilection for a bunch of Canadian 
horses of the hunter type, strapping, big horses with plenty of 
bone and muscle and with more daylight under them than our 
own officers and men would like. One gentleman, perhaps an 
officer, was taking notes of the results of the examination, while 
the other, evidently a veterinarian, performed the examination. 
He rolled up a long tape-measure and proceeded leisurely to take 
the lengths of the shoulder, back and croup, and the circumfer- 
ences of the forearm, carpus, tarsus, etc. I could keep still no 
longer and veutured to ask: Do you take these measures of all 
the horses you examine? ‘To which he replied in real English : 
Bless your soul, Sir, no! Then why do you take them on this 
horse, I inquired further, to which came the answer: ‘To get 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 207 


the measures of your American horses, Sir. There was some 
emphasis in this reply as if this was all of the conversation he 
wanted to have with me, and remembering that a bystander is a 
nuisance to all examining veterinarians, I started to go, saluting 
him with the American ‘ bye-bye,” in which he pleasantly 
joined saying: ‘‘ Bye-bye, Doctor.” As I had not introduced 
“myself, I was rather pleased to know that I looked like a vet- 
erinarian in the eyes of an English colleague. 

There were two reasons why the English found and secured 
suitable horses for theircavalry. Firstly, they knew what they 
wanted, they have come down to a certain type of horse, where- 
as in our army no two officers agree on the question of what 
type constitutes the best cavalry horse. Secondly, the English 
government paid prices ranging from $150 to $200 for troopers, 
and up to $250 for officers’ chargers, and this at a time when 
horses were plentiful and very low in value. Our government, 
however, pays an average of $85 to $115, seldom more, even to- 
day, when horses are few and again high in value. 

There are some other reasons why we don’t get the right 
class of horses into our cavalry, one of which is the growing 
tendency of the farmer-breeder to raise grade draft stock. Where 
formerly we found stallions of trotting stock, and in the range 
countries now and then a thoroughbred producing with the In- 
dian pony some light, wiry horses, suitable for saddle purpose, we 
see now nothing but Percheron and Shire stallions. | Whether 
this change is going to be more profitable for the breeder and 
better for the country I shall not venture to say, but it certainly 
does away with the production of horses suitable for cavalry 
purpose. ‘The time is, therefore, nearing fast when our Govern- 
ment will have to take the initiative in securing saddie-bred 
stallions for distribution among such breeders as have a suitable 
foundation stock to grade up a serviceable cavalry horse, or by 
entering into a campaign of education among those breeders 
who are willing to cast their lot in the breeding of horses for 
our army. (O. S.) 


Dr. CHARLES E. CoTron of Minneapolis, is about to begin 
the erection of a modern hospital. It will be a two-story brick 
structure, 45125, supplied with the American Sanitary Stall 
System, and the King system of ventilation. ‘There will be 
wards on the second floor for small animals, operating room 
with table on the lower floor, and every appliance that is known 
to modern veterinary surgery. 


~ 
ec 
BD 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


RECURRENT PARTURIENT PARESIS. 
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, Miss., April 9, 1905. 


Editors American Veterinary Review : 

DEAR SIRS :—In continuation of the discussion found in re- 
cent issues of your journal, I beg leave to submit the following 
Cases : ; 

No. 7.—A four-gallon Jersey cow, fourth calf, cow calved 
night of March 18, 1905, and during the day following seem- 
ed to be doing well. At 4 P. M. owner carefuliy examined cow, 
as he was to leave for a few days absence, and remarked that 
she was getting along as well as he could wish. At about 4.45 
p. M. the first symptoms of the fever developed. At 5.30) she 
was down, unable to rise. I wascalled to treat the case and ar- 
rived at 6.30 p. M. I had left my oxygen outfit some miles in 
the country, so hurriedly made a sterilized air arrangement from 
an ordinary household, soft rubber, enema, bulb syringe. I 
cut rubber tube between bulb and milk tube and inserted a 10 
c.c. pipette after packing it with antiseptic cotton. Cow was 
in state of complete paralysis, but had not lost reflexes. Udder 
was properly prepared for operation, milk tube sterilized, and | 
air injected. Each quarter was moderately filled with air and 
teat tied with soft woolen string. Cow was catheterized, prop- 
ped on sternum with sacks of cotton seed hulls, and left with 
instructions to remove the strings at 11 p. M. and milk out all 
air at same time. The instructions were followed. Ati1I P.M. 
cow was up and, evidently, much improved. At 6 o’clock the 
next morning, she seemed entirely recovered. However, on 
the evening of the same day, March 2oth, a recurrent attack 
took place and this seemed more severe than the first. The 
saine treatment was used at 7 P. M., and instructions given to 
remove the pieces of woolen tape from teats at 11 Pp. M. but not 
to remove the air from udder until 6 A. M. the next day (21st). 
Result, a complete and rapid recovery. 

No. 2.—Jersey cow, third calf, calved March 30th. On after- 
noon of 31st cow went down, complete paralysis of extremities. 
She suffered more than any similar case I have ever seen. There 
were recurrent spasms of muscles of neck and head. Owner had 
tried to drench her, but she refused to swallow, he said. I ar- 
rived 8 p. M., prepared udder for operation and injected steriliz- 


CORRESPONDENCE. 209 


ed air into each quarter. Tied teats with soft strips of cloth. 
Owner said spasms had started about an hour previous to my 
arrival. They lasted from one-half to one minute and recurred 
about every three minutes. After treating the udder, I gave 
hypodermic of 4 1% grains morphine, abstracted four quarts blood 
from neck, and tried to prop animal up. She would make no 
effort to remain on sternum. A straw bed was arranged and 
cow blanketed. The cloth strings were removed at II P. M., 
when she was found up in her natural recumbent position. Air 
removed from udder at 6 o’clock the next morning, when cow 
seemed as well as ever. 

No. 7.—Grade Jersey cow—calved April 3d, 1905; went 
down with milk fever the morning of the 5th. I did not get to 
see her until 12 M. of the sth, at which time she had passed 
almost beyond hopes of recovery. The same treatment was fol- 
lowed asin preceding cases. At 2 Pp. M. she was lying in nat- 
ural position and at 4 was walking around. The pieces of tape 
were removed at 4 P.M. and air removed at 6 o’clock. On the 
following day cow was inclined to remain down, but could read- 
ily move around normally. Had I left the air in udder longer 
am inclined to believe complete recovery would have been more 
rapid. From my experience with this treatment, it appears to 
me that the udder should not be relieved of air under eight to 
ten hours. 

No. 4.—Grade Jersey cow, about 5 years old, calved 
April 8th, went down the night of 8th. I was called early 
morning of oth, but cow died before I could inflate the ud- 
der. 

No. 5.—Jersey cow, six years of age, fourth calf ; calf dropped 
afternoon of April 14th; cow became affected during the fol- 
lowing night. On morning of 15th was found lying in the 
mud, as she had managed to get out of the barn. She had, evi- 
dently, been down the greater part of the night, judging from 
the manner in which she had moved around. She was also ex- 
posed to the drizzling rain that occurred during latter half of 
the night. When found she had lost entire use of her legs, and 
was unable to remain on sternum. Before I arrived, at 8.30 A. 
M., reflexes were almost lost. Treatment :—Prepared udder for 
injection. Inflated with air, and tied teats. Removed the cloth 
strings from teatsat 2 P.M. Cow upat about 4.15 P. M., and 
was lying in natural position at 10 A. M. Milked out air at 5 
P. M. Yours very truly, 

JC. ROBERT. 


210 CORRESPONDENCE. 


EXPERIENCES WITH MALLEIN—REPLY TO DR. ACKERMAN. 


MANILA, P. I., Feb. 24, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review : 

DEAR Sirs:—Upon reading the questions asked by Dr. 
Ackerman in regard to mallein as a test for glanders, it induces 
me to express my views on some of the many points asked, tak- 
ing into account a considerable experience I have had with 
glanders and mallein. At one time I could only obtain the 
commercial product brought from the States, and with such I 
lost all faith, but later I obtained some from the serum labora- 
tory in Manila and the results were highly gratifying. 

My experience has been that in acute cases the mallein 
helped to bring the disease to an early crisis and development 
of the visible lesions, but with chronic cases I have not had any 
experience. 

Asa curative agent I have not seen any results in cases 
which were pronounced, and it is only claimed as such in cases 
which show no visible lesions, but show reaction. These cases 
are, in my opinion, not proven to be glanders by the mallein 
reaction, since we often find animals which show some of the 
signs of a xeaction, such as rise of temperature and slight 
swelling at seat of injection, which never develop any further 
symptoms after the first reaction, but continue at work and keep 
in a good healthy condition. These cases, as a rule, havea sud- 
den or possibly gradual rise of temperature, but this may drop 
suddenly, and the animal does not show any prostration from 
the test, whereas one with a true reaction shows great prostra- 
tion, stiffness, and a large swelling at seat of injection. The 
high temperature falls gradually, taking two or three days be- 
fore going down to normal, animal refuses food for the same 
time and the local swelling subsides as gradually as the temper- 
ature. 

I have had under observation for about 18 months an animal 
which apparently reacted, but did not show the symptoms of a 
typical reaction, so continued the animal at his duty, that of a 
cavalry horse. The animal has never been sick or shown any 
rise of temperature and remains fat and in fine condition. From 
my observations I have concluded that there are other causes 
than glanders which may produce a reaction, but cannot explain. 
I think one must take into consideration the temperature chart, 
general appearance and clinical signs with the mallein test, be- 


fore pronouncing the death sentence upon suspects. 


Mi 


CORRESPONDENCE. 211 


I do not wish any one to believe that I am opposed to the 
mallein test, as I am not, and always use it on animals showing 
symptoms of glanders, and use it as an aid to further my diag- 
nosis. One should always be supplied with a reliable product 
and if possible apply the test to all animals before giving a posi- 
tive diagnosis. 

I trust that we may hear from others, who have had a long 
experience with the test. It is in this manner that these knotty 
questions may be settled for the good of all in the profession. 

Cuas. H. JEWELL, 


Veterinarian 13th Cav., U.S. Army. 


A GOOD WORD FOR ESERINE AND STRYCHNINE. 
CRESTLINE, OHIO, March 21, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review : 

DEAR SIRS :—With only four years of practice and only two 
years of experience with eserine and strychnine, and with the good 
results that it has given me, I can hardly resist the temptation 
of reporting it to my brother practitioners. These two remedies 
have repeatedly saved many a good horse for me, and have saved 
many a good hour of sleep where otherwise we stay in cold barns 
waiting for hours on results of other treatments on those pro- 
longed cases of so-called colic. 

I find in my country practice that eight out of every ten 
cases of those so-called cases of colic are the result of an impact- 
ed bowel or acute indigestion. In either case, if my patient has 
a good strong heart, I never hesitate a minute to give a hypo- 
dermic injection of eserine, and with gratifying results. I always 
give eserine either intratracheally or subcutaneously, and in 
twenty minutes I follow the eserine injections with strychnine 
(gr. j) hypodermically. Then I give some good antispasmodic 
to keep the patient quiet till the eserine works, which I find it 
does in from forty minutes to one hour. My idea of this treat- 
ment in these cases is to throw the secretions into the bowels 
and to cause a quick and active purgation. Usually when the 
bowels are emptied my patient has relief, and increased peristal- 
sis. Thestrychnine I give to keep up the heart and to rouse up 
the nervous system. I have some failures, but usually in cases 
above mentioned when I get them in due time, I find I am able 
to save 85 per cent. of them. My solution of eserine is made as 
follows: I always use Merck’s eserine sulphate in hermetically 
sealed tubes. I use a 5 ¢.c. syringe. I sterilize a small bottle 
and put in 25 c.c. of boiled water and add 5 gr. eserine sulphate ; 


212 CORRESPONDENCE. 


then add 5 minims of pure carbolic acid, and cork the bottle 
tight, never removing the cork tillempty. Then I draw the 
solution out of the bottle by inserting the needle through the 
cork, and every time I fillthe syringe by so doing I get 5 c.c. of 
solution, or I grain of eserine. If the solution remains in the 
bottle for any length of time it will become red in color. Some 
writers think when this becomes red it looses its strength, but 
my experience is that it is better. This solution can be used 
-either intratracheally or subcutaneously, just as desired. We 
get quicker action from tracheal injections, but I prefer the in- 
jection under the skin just back of the scapula. 

I do not claim this treatment to be perfect ; neither do I 
think it to be imperfect ; but I think it is far superior to any 
other treatment for these cases. . 

I do think veterinarians should unite in an effort to create a 
more practical and scientific principle in handling these cases, 
and if found satisfactory we should endorse the work of any new 
methods that may come up, and show that an effort is being 
made in this line. Z. W. SEIBER TS Werse 


EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 


The following letter to the veterinary profession has been 
issued by the General Secretary : 

The interest manifested in every country in the Congress to 
be held at Budapest increases from day to day. In addition to 
the local committees already formed another has just been con- 
stituted at Dresden under the presidencey of Prof. Dr. Ellenberger, 
and includes among others M. Noack and M. Reimann, Presi- 
dent of the Union of Veterinary Societies of Saxony. This 
committee has issued a warm appeal to all our coz/reres in the 
Kingdom. ‘The local committee at Belgrade includes M. Popo- 
vits, President, and MM. Sava Voukosavlyovits, Veterinary re- 
porter to the Minister for War. Pierre Theodorovits, Veterina- 
rian of the Prefecture of Belgrade, and Dr. Georges Mitrovits, 
Military Veterinarian. The Servian Committee has received 
31 acceptances up to now. At Sofia the president of the local 
committee is M. Tuleff, Ministerial reporter. 

Dr. Salmon, of Washington, and Dr. Liautard, in Paris, have 
written the General Secretary to the Congress that they will call 
the attention of all interested through the societies and the 
AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. 

Very recently Dr. Hagemann, professor at the Agricultural 
Academy at Bonn ; Piot Bey, reporter to the Egyptian Govern- 


CORRESPONDENCE. 213 


ment ; MM. Lienaux, professor at the Higher School of Veteri- 
nary Medicine at Brussels, and Tokishige, professor at the Uni- 
versity of Tokio, have undertaken to edit reports on several sub- 
jects. | 

The Secretariat will do its best to send as soon as possible 
to the Members of Congress the original text of the reports with 
a résumé in several languages. ‘Twenty-two have already come 
to hand and will be issued shortly. It is greatly to be desired 
that the other papers promised may be sent in by the end of 
’ March at the latest, so that they may reach the members in time 
to be of use at the Congress. E. DE RATZ, Gen. Sec. 


FLEAS AND DISEASE. 
SANTIAGO DE LAS VEGAS, CuBA, April 4, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review: 

DEAR S1RS:—No less epoch-marking than the announce- 
nients first made of the connection of mosquitoes with malaria 
and yellow fever, is the news which now comes through Dr. 
Ashmead, the leprosy expert of New York, that Dr. Carras- 
quillo, of Bogota, has found the Baczllus of Hansen in the in- 
testinal canal of fleas. The rapid progress of leprosy after in- 
troduction into some of our flea-infested southern cities, from 
local endemicity to alarming epidemicity, is, according to Dr. 
Ashmead, probably to be credited to inoculation by flea bites. 

In connection with the investigation of the relation of fleas 
to bubonic plague, it has already been shown by the writer 
(Proc. U. S. Natl. Museum, Vol. X XVII, 1904) that the fleas of 
rats in the warmer regions of the earth are close relatives of the 
flea specific to human beings, and thus far more likely to bite 
human beings than are the fleas of rats in the colder regions, 
which are only distantly related to Pulex irritans. It is now 
necessary to know if any of these southern rat fleas—of which 
there are a number of species—voluntarily bite human beings. 

These investigations, and now the new lines brought into 
striking prominence by Dr. Ashmead’s announcement, make it 
of first importance that a complete study be made of all the 
species of fleas occurring on rats, mice, dogs, cats, and human 
beings throughout the United States and tropical America, since 
any well-founded medical and bacteriological investigations of 
the subject must be based on a thorough scientific knowledge 
of the fleas themselves, just as in the case of the mosquitoes in 
their relation to yellow fever. The utmost gravity of the possi- 


214 CORRESPONDENCE. 


bilities involved not only justify but render imperative a care- 
ful and complete survey. The writer has in progress sucha 
work, in continuation of extensive papers on the fleas already 
published. Residence in the tropics and in a leprosy centre, 
together with the hearty cooperation of Dr. Howard, of Washing- 
ton; Dr. Lutz, of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Dr. Carter, of the Univer- 
sity of Texas, at Galveston, and others, has made possible a 
good beginning. It is hard to see how anything like a com- 
plete survey could be made without also the active coéperation 
of college and medical men in every part af these regions, the 
Hawaiian Islands, and the tropical regions of the Far East. 
The simplicity of the apparatus needed (tweezers, small home- 
pathic vials of alcohol, and several rat traps), and the ease with 
which material can be gathered from rats, dogs, cats, and human 
beings, should make possible the ready cooperation of all biolo- 
gists and medical men, and a hearty invitation is herewith ex- 
tended to all such and to any other persons interested. As large 
series as possible of specimens should be taken and full data as 
to locality, host, etc., should be inserted in every vial. A direct 
report will be immediately returned for all specimens sent either 
to the writer or to Dr. Howard, Government Entomologist in 
Washington, D.C., U. S. A., and full published credit will later 
be given for every sending. 

It will greatly facilitate the rapid progress of the work if en- 
tomological, zoological, medical, and pharmaceutical journals 
the world over will kindly copy this notice. C. F. BAKER, 


Estacion Agronomica, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, 


MONTANA MEAT AND MILK INSPECTION LAW INOPERATIVE. 
HELENA, Mont., March 28, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review : 

DEAR Sirs :—I send you under separate cover a pamphlet 
containing Governor Toole’s vetoes, in which on page 15 you 
will find his veto on the so-called Cow Bill or a bill introduced 
to provide for the payment of cattle slaughtered by my depart- 
ment on account of tuberculosis. 

Our sanitary law provides that three appraisers shall be ap- 
pointed to determine the value of these animals, and in nearly 
every case the appraisements were so excessive as to make it 
impossible for any State to pay them. They ran from $25.00 to 
$72.25 for common cattle. The Governor very properly vetoed 
this bill and gives his reasons on page I5. 


OBITUARY. 215 


On page 30 you will find his veto of the Meat and Milk In- 
spection Bill that was introduced by disgruntled dairymen 
throughout the State for the sole purpose of repealing our State 
inspection law. You will see from the Governor’s veto of this 
bill, that he certainly had very excelient reasons for so doing. 

Since House Bill 176 has been vetoed, it leaves our old State 
law in force without any appropriation, however, to pay the in- 
spectors. 

Some of our inspectors are going to continue the work, de- 
pending upon the next Legislature to reimburse them. 

We had a very interesting fight during our past session of 
the Legislature, the dairy lobby being much in evidence. The 
only thing they accomplished, however, was to prevent our ob- 
taining an appropriation for the continuance of the meat and 
milk inspection. 

I presume you received a copy of the Meat and Milk Inspec- 
tion Report. If so, you know that the dairymen had good cause 
to fight any inspection, since we had an enormous number of 
prosecutions. Yours truly, M. EK. KNOWLES. 


OPERATION FOR EMPYEMA. 
Quincy, MAss., April 2, 1904. 
Editors American Veterinary Review : 
DEAR S1RS:—I would like to know if you can refer me to 


any veterinarian who has successfully operated for empyema. 
Very truly, FRANCIS ABELE, JR. 


OBITUARY. 


A. D. EISENMAN, V. S. 

This well-known veterinarian died March 28, at his resi- 
dence, 313 East Jacob Street, Louisville, Kentucky, after a lin- 
gering illness from pulmonary trouble. He had been in bad 
health for two years, being confined to his room for two months. 
He was born in Louisville in 1863 and spent his entire life in 
that city. He graduated from the Ontario Veterinary College, 
when only twenty years of age, and was a successful practition- 
er, race-horses being his specialty. He was unmarried, and 
was a business partner of his brother, Dr. Frank T. Eisenman, 
who survives him. He was a member of the Kentucky Veter- 
inary Medical Association. 


216 COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS, 


COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. 


ONTARIO VETERINARY COLLEGE. 


The 39th annual commencement exercises of the above col- 
lege were held March 30. ‘There were ninety-one in the grad- 
uating class, from every part of the Canadian Dominion, many 
States of the Union, the West Indies, Argentine, and Great 
Britain. The following constitute the long list of graduates for 
the session of 1904-5: 

F. J., Anderson, Thompson, North Dakota, U. S.; Francis 
W. Anderson, Highland, New Jersey, U. S.; H. Howard Blair, 
Belvidere, New Jersey, U. S.; W. E. Baker, Demorestville, Ont.; 
Clyde F. Beamer, West Union, Iowa, U. S.; Geo. W. Benjamin, 
Rushford, New York, U. S.; James W. Broadfoot, Russell, 
Man.; A. H. Brother, Toronto Junction, Ont.; E. A. B. Bruce, 
Cheltenham, England; Frank A. Bunnell, Waverly, N. Y., U. 
S.; Reuben A. Byer, Markham, Ont.; Edward Bailey, Ux- 
bridge, Ont.; Geo. A. Campbell, Mohawk, Ont.; Ralph W. Car- 
mack, Dana, Ind:, U.S.;,W. F: Carr, Buffalo, N> Woe 
Frederick Chapple, Barline, Ont.; Ernest E. Chase, La Forge, 
Wis., U.'S.;'Geo. L...Clatk, Columbia: City, Ind:, U. Si2e= 
Crooks, Scotland, Ont.; Henry A. Coxe. Milton, Ont.; Benj. 
Matt. Deavenport, Starkville, Miss., U.S.; John A. De Cow, 
Middlemiss, Ont.; George H. Dedolph, Tigerton, Wis., U. S.; 


J. D. Delaney, Independence, Iowa, U. S.; Fred H. Dettman, . 


Pigua, Ohio, U. S.; Thomas Drown, Mitchell, Ont.; Cyren B. 
Estey, St. Cloud, Minn., U. S.; John F. Fulcher, Forest, Ont., 
W. H. Galbraith, Brampton, Ont.; H. J. Gordon, Teeswater, 
Ont.; Nathan G. Gray, Ledyard, Conn., U. S.; Edwardiiss 
Greenwood, Douglas, Man.; Archie L. Haggerty, West Win- 
field, N. Y:, U. S.; Henry J. Hendrickson, Syracuse, No aaa 
S.; William Hilton, Winnipeg, Man.; Robt. Lee Humphrey, 
Blueimont, Va., U. S.; Mell Frazer Jackson, Auburn, Ala., U. 
S.; Conrad J. Johannes, New Dundee, Ont.; Micajah J. Jones, 
jun., Blanchester, Ohio, U. S.; A. Star. Keeler, Ottawa, IIl., U. 
S.; Harmon R. Kidder, North Warren, Pa., U. S.; William 
Kime, Chatham, Ont.; Anson Knight, Sardis, B. C.; J. Frank- 
lin Lavery, Sunderland, Ont.; Andrew N. Lawton, St. Thomas, 
Ont.; Wilfrid Lenton, Wawanesa, Man.; Albert M. Lloyd, Kes- 
wick, Ont.; F. H. S. Lowrey, Picton, Ont.; James D. McCarten, 
South Bend, Ind., U. S.; Harry C. McCartney, Ellenville, N. 
Y., U. S.; Robert A. McCartney, Ellenville, N. Y., U. 5.; James 


COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. pan lie 


A. McCreight, Brandon, Man.; James T. McFadden, Woon- 
Speketwikwsl., U.,o.; Donald W. McLeish; Parkhill, Ont.; F. A. 
MeNally, Toronto, Ont.; J. C. MeNeill, Walkerton, Ont.; George 
Ulius Marchand, Mt. Eaton, Ohio, U. S.; C. A. Matthew, Coal- 
pected Urs.>, Wim. A: Meiser, Meiserville, Pa. U. S.; James 
T.Molison, Natick, Mass., U. S.; Fred. J. Montague, Caro, Mich., 
ioe. &.) Moore, Lumsden, N. W. “I; David B. Morgan; 
Fayetteville, Ark., U. S.; Harry E. Myers, Sycamore, Ohio, U. 
S.; G. Wyndham Newton, Cheltenham, England; N. Peter Ol- 
sen, London Junction, Ont.; David R. Philp, Rochester, Mon- 
tana, U. S.; Walter W. Pugh, Toronto, Ont.; David H. Pyke, 
Elmwood, Ont.; H. H. Ross, Burford, Ont.; Robert K. Russell, 
ioronta Ont. Frank A. Scott, Traverse City, Mich., U. S.; 
W. A. Scott, Rockford, Nicola Valley, B. C.; Harry B. Sears, 
Pittsfield, Mass., U. S.; Charles H. Solt, Arlington, Ohio, U. S.; 
©. L. Spidell, Wilmot, Ohio, U. S.; Chas. B. Stirling; Mt. 
Pleasant, Mich., U. S.; Oliver C. Stoner, Fernhill, Ont.; Cecil 
L. Thompson, Newton, Kansas, U. S.; Henry N. Thompson, 
Boissevain, Man.; John Thompson, Strathroy, Ont.; Milton R. 
Miiyaiee Voarton, No Y., U..5.; A. La Verne Tiffany, Dimock; 
Payee; Oscar H. ‘Llitterud, Coistance, Minn., U. S.; Juan 
C. Tornguist, Buenos Ayres, Argentina; Geo. W. Valentine, 
Waterville, N. Y., U. S.; John C. Wainright, Strathcona, N. W. 
weeberey. Walter, Pincher Creek, Alta., N. W. T.; Carr. W. 
Watson, Hapswell, Maine, U. S.; Milton B. West, Elsie, Mich., 
U. S.; Hugh W. Young, Petrolia, Ont. 

First prize in diseases and treatment was won by Cecil L. 
Thompson, second to H. H. Ross, third to F. A. McNally and 
W. Lenton. In materia medica, first prize to R. A. Byer, sec- 
ond to Cecil L. Thompson, third to Alfred H. Brother. In 
chemistry, first prize to C. F. Moore, second to A. Knight, third 
to F. A. McNally. In pathology, first prize to W. Lenton, sec- 
ond to N. Peter Olsen, third to C. F. Moore. In physiology, 
first prize to W. Lenton, second to N. Peter Olsen, third to F. 
A. McNally. In anatomy, first prize to N. P. Olsen, second to 
W. Lenton, third to M. J. Jones, Jr. In entozoa, first prize to 
H. A. B. Bruce. A gold medal given by Toronto Industrial 
Association for the best dissected specimen, was awarded to D. 
B. Morgan, second prize to A. L. Tiffany, third to C. E. Call 
and W. A. Meiser. The gold medal of the Ontario Veterinary 
Association for the best general examination was awarded to | 
W. Lenton. There.was a long list of honor men and prize- 
winning juniors. 


218 COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. 


McKILLIP VETERINARY COLLEGE. 

The commencement exercises of this college were held on 
March 24th, at Steinway Hall, Chicago, and many friends of 
the faculty and graduating class attended. 

The address to the class was delivered by Dr. George S. 
Butler, professor of materia medica at the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons, Chicago. Dr. M. H. McKillip conferred the de- 
gree of M. D. V. upon the following : H. S. Cawsey, W. P. Col- 
lins, V. F. Colson, G. Casper, W. S. Eddy, E. English, J.-C 
Exline, C: H: Herrold, A. N. Hughes, E.. H. Humphrey, age 
Leppla, G. D. Little, A. A. Lochard, O. C. Mayer, D. A.) Me 
Arthur, D. McKenzie, R. R. Ramsey, G. W. Reynolds, P. Me- 
Donald, J. Scott, J. Sevenster, E. Swim, M. S. Suttle, R. Don- 
aldson, R. R. ‘Teidt, W: Thompson, L. J. Topmiller Seay 
Trafton, M. S. Kennedy, A. J. Williams, A. E. Winsor, and 
G. Z. Woods. 


“]T APPRECIATE very much the improvement in the litera- 
ture of the REVIEW and think it compares well with the best 
medical literature.’—({ Francis Abele. Jr.. Quincy, Mass.) 

It is said that upon what appears to be reliable authority, a 
gang of horse thieves operating in certain of the Western States 
have adopted the ingenious plan of bleaching the hair of stolen 
horses. The bleaching is done by means of rubber blankets 
and sulphur vapor. 

LITERATURE FROM BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.—We 
acknowledge receipt of the following bulletins and circulars 
from the Department of Agricuiture: ‘“‘ Experiments Concern- 
ing Tuberculosis—Part Il: The Comparative Virulence of Hu- 
man and Bovine Tubercle Bacilli for Some Large Animals,” by 
E. A. «de. Schweinitz, Ph. D., M. D., and M.- Dersela irae 
“ Etiology of Hog Cholera,’ by Drs. Dorset, Bolton and Mc- 
Bryde; ‘‘Foot Rot of Sheep,’ by John R. Mohler, V. M. D., 
and H. J. Washburn, D.-V. S.; ‘‘ The Gid Parasite (Coenurus 
Cerebralis): Its Presence in American Sheep,” by B. H. Ran- 
som, B. Sc., A. M.; “‘ Tuberculosis in Cattle,” by Drs. Salmon 
and Theobald Smith; ‘‘ Diseases of the Stomach and Bowels 
of *Cattle)”’-by A: J. Murray, M. R. C. V.cS.;"' Texas Revers 
by Drs. Salmon and Smith; ‘“‘ Anthrax in Horses, Cattle and 
Men,” by Drs. Salmon and Smith; ‘ Abortion,” by Jas. Law, 
BL R. €. V. S.;°“ Osteomalacia, or Creeps, in Cattle? hy Vo 
Atkinson, V. S.; “‘ Ophthalmia in Cattle,” by M. R. Trumbower, 
D: VAS: 


POSSIBILITIES OF HYBRIDISING. 219 


POSSIBILITIES OF HYBRIDISING. 


(From the ‘‘ Veterinary Record,’ through courtesy of Benj. D, Pierce. M. R. C. V. 
S., Springfield, Mass.) 

Enclosed are three photos depicting a most remarkable case 
of hybridisation in the second generation and presenting to us 
an altogether unique case from the scientific point of view. 
The snapshots were taken at the Ghezerch Agricultural Show, 
Cairo, and forwarded to a gentleman in this neighborhood (a M. 
F. H.), to whom I am indebted for the information, by a friend 
of his in the Agricultural Section of the Department of Techni- 
cal Education, Egypt. The dam is a Spanish mare, sire an 
Egyptian made, while the twins are respectively a horse and a 
mule. 


SIRE. TWIN FOALS. Dam. 
EGYPTIAN MULE. Pony. MARE. SPANISH MARE. 


The fact of bringing forth at a birth two foals of a different 
species is a very peculiar occurrence, even if the sire had been 
a donkey, but when we take into consideration the fact that the 
father was a hybrid, which learned men tell us will not breed, 
owing to unequal division of the chromosomes in the karyo- 
kinesis of the nucleus in the embryonic cell, the case consti- 
tutes something of a marvel. 

JOHN ForRBES, M. R. C. V. S. 


ONE of the principal horse commission sales firms in New 
York City is reported to have said that it has sold 2,000 horses 
more this spring so far than ever before in the same month. 


220 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


THE REVIEW presents its compliments to Secretaries of 
Veterinary Medical Associations throughout the United States 
and Canada, and begs to again remind them that this journal 
earnestly desires to publisn the transactions of every meeting 
held within that large territory. It points with pride to this 
department in Volume XXVIII, which includes mos¢ of them ; 
but two or three have failed to avail themselves of our oft-re- 
peated invitation to give the profession at large the benefit of 
their deliberations. We want a closed volume of ‘the REVIEW 
to constitute a complete record of everything of interest and 
value ina veterinary sense occurring in all the Americas during 
that period. 


AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 
PHILADELPHIA, Pa., April 27, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review : 

DEAR Sirs :—The programme for the Cleveland meeting is 
taking shape. The Headquarters will be at the Hollenden 
House. Papers lave been offered by Drs. R. H. Harrison, Louis 
A. Klein, R. C. Moore, M. H. Reynolds, L. A. Merillat, and a 
joint paper by Drs. R. P. Lyman and C. E. Colton. Through 
the solicitation of President Knowles a paper upon ‘“‘ Meat and 
Milk Inspection ” will be offered by Prof. Dr. Robert Ostertag, 
of Berlin, Germany ; also one by Professor K. Tsuno, of Tokio, 
Japan. 

The Local Committee of Arrangements have been very ac- 
tive and have outlined in part the entertainment as follows : 

Tuesday, August 15—Informal reception at headquarters, 
music, etc. 

Wednesday, August 16—Park ride and visit to points of in- 
terest for the ladies during the forenoon. 

Thursday, August 17—-Take ride from 2 to 5 P. M. for all 
members, ladies and invited guests. 

Banquet in the evening at the Hollenden House. 

On Friday, August 18, the clinic will be held, beginning at 
8 A.M. ‘The committee will provide an excellent place for the 
clinic and see that proper seating facilities are arranged so that 
all may see the demonstrations. They will provide all subjects 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. . 221 


needed, prepare for the operations, sterilize the instruments, and 
administer the anzesthetics thus, leaving the operator free for the 
actual work of making the demonstration and speaking about 
its important features. The clinic will be held within walking 
distance of headquarters. 

Dr. S. Stewart, Chairman of the Programme Committee, 
and his associates are urgent in their solicitation of papers, but 
the Chairman informs me that the desired number has not yet 
been obtained. The committee suggest papers especially upon 
surgical procedures and surgical technique and hope that there 
will be offered a good quota of papers upon these subjects. Con- 
tributors, are, however, free to select any topic upon which they 
may care to write. Those who have something to offer will 
please communicate with Chairman Stewart at as early a date 
as possible. As the dates of the meeting are August 15-18, it 
will be observed that the time for preparation is growing short. 
The value and influence of the annual meetings have been pro- ° 
gressing by such great strides each year as to encourage the 
prophecy that the Cleveland meeting will in its turn bea record- 
breaker, but hard work and cooperation are necessary to ensure 
it. Let each one lend a hand. Respectfully, 

JOHN J. Repp, Secrezary. 


MAINE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 


After several years of hard, conscientious work upon the 
part of members of the M. V. M. A., success has at last crowned 
our efforts, and Maine takes her place among the States hav- 
ing a veterinary registration law. During the early part of 
the fall of 1904, the Association appointed a Legislative Com- 
mittee consisting of Drs. Salley, Pope, and Joly, to frame a Vet- 
erinary Registration Bill to present to the Legislature of 1g04- 
o5. The bill was drawn up and each and every member was 
instructed to make special efforts by personal solicitation to ob- 
tain the support of every senator and representative from his 
county in favor of the bill. 

In the early part of the session, during the second week of Jan- 
uagy, 1905, the bill was presented before the House of Represen- 
tatives by the Hon. F. G. Kinsman, of Augusta, and was finally 
referred to the Committee on Agriculture. Nowcame the real 
work of the campaign, and the Association, ably assisted by 
Hon. W. C. Philbrook, of Waterville, worked hard to gain a fa- 
vorable impression for the bill. The bill came before the com- 
mittee on February 8th, and was championed by Hon. W. C. 


Q22 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


Philbrook, who carefully and clearly defined our position and 
made it plain to the committee that our claim for recognition 
was a just and righteous one and that the passage of such a bill 
was certain to elevate the standard of veterinary science in the 
State and thereby increase the value of the veterinarian’s ser- 
vices to the stock-raiser. Hon. Frank S. Adams and Hon. John 
M. Deering, members of the Maine State Board of Cattle Com- 
missioners, spoke heartily in favor of the bill and urged the Com- 
mittee on Agriculture to give the bill full consideration. As a 
result the bill was favorably reported and went to the House and 
Senate and passed the several readings and was passed, to be 
enacted in the early part of February. On February 2d Gov- 
ernor W. T. Cobb signed the bill and it became a law. 

Much credit is due the above-named gentlemen for their 
able assistance and to all the members of the Association for 
their untiring efforts. On the whole, we consider that we have 
a liberal, but nevertheless a just law, and the veterinarians of 
the State of Maine should feel gratified at the passage of such a 
law. 

During the campaign the Association has been strengthened 
by the addition of several new members and the payment of 
considerable money into the treasury, and to-day the Associa- 
tion stands on a firmer base, has a veterinary registration law 
to boast of, is prosperous and flourishing and a source of pride 
to its members. 

I enclose a copy of the Veterinary Registration Bill as pass- 
ed by Maine Legislature, which is as follows : 


[Approved February 22, 1905.] 
CHAPTER 17. 


An Act to regulate the practice of Veterinary Surgery, Medicine 
and Dentistry. 

SECTION 1. A board is hereby established to be known as 
the state board of veterinary examiners; said board shall be 
composed of three veterinary surgeons, residents in the state, 
who are graduates from some legally chartered veterinary col- 
lege or university having the power to confer degrees in veter- 
inary surgery, and who shall have been actively employed in 
the practice of their profession for a period of at least five years. 
On or before May first, nineteen hundred five, the governor 
shall appoint the members of said board to serve as follows: one 
for one year, one for two years, and one for three years, and 
thereafter he shall annually appoint one member of said board 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 223 


for the term of three years. Any vacancy in said board shall 
be filled by appointment by the governor, within thirty days 
after such vacancy shall arise, of a person, qualified as aforesaid, 
to hold office during the unexpired term of the member whose 
place he fills) Any member of said board may be removed from 
office, for cause, by the governor, with the advice and consent 
of the council. 

SECTION 2. Said board shall organize annually in the 
month of May by the election of one of its members as presi- 
dent, one as secretary, and another as treasurer, and may adopt 
such rules, not in conflict with the laws of the state, as they 
may deem proper to carry into effect the provisions of this act. 
They shall also adopt a seal which shall be affixed to all certifi- 
cates issued by them in accordance with the provisions of this 
act, which certificate shall be signed by the president and sec- 
retary. No member of the board shall receive any fee, compen- 
sation, or remuneration for the performance of any duty re- 
quired of him by the provisions of this act, except for actual 
disbursements and expenses incurred by reason of the perform- 
ance of the duties herein required, which disbursements and 
expenses shall be paid out of fees received by the treasurer of 
said board under the provisions of section five of thisact. The 
treasurer shall annually, on the first day of April, make written 
report to the governor and council of all receipts and expendi- 
tures of said board. If any balance should -then appear in his 
hands in excess of one hundred dollars, after paying all dis- 
bursements and expenses then incurred by the members of the 
board, he shall pay such balance to the treasurer of state, who 
shall apply the same to the permanent school fund. 

SECTION 3. Onand after September first, nineteen hundred 
and five, it shall be unlawful for any person to practice veteri- 
nary surgery, medicine, or dentistry, or any branch thereof, 
within the state, without having previously obtained a certifi- 
cate from the state board of veterinary examiners and being 
registered as herein provided. 

SECTION 4. Any person who shall be engaged in-the prac- 
tice of veterinary surgery, medicine, or dentistry, or any branch 
thereof in this state, on the date of the approval of this act, 
may lawfully continue such practice upon condition that he 
shall, on or before September first, nineteen hundred and five, 
register his name and address with said state board of veteri- 
nary examiners, and give satisfactory proof to said board that 
he was so in practice on said date of approval. Any person shall 


224 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


be regarded as practicing veterinary surgery, medicine, or den- 
tistry, or any branch thereof, within the meaning of this act, 
who has publicly professed to be a veterinary surgeon, or has 
prescribed for sick or injured animals and accepted fees for 
such services, or who has attached to his name the title “ V. S.” 

‘Veterinary Surgeon,’ or any veterinary title ordinarily 
used. Nothing in this act shall be construed as prohibiting 
the performance of gratuitous services rendered by any one in 
case of emergency, nor prohibiting any person from practicing 
veterinary medicine, surgery, or dentistry, on any animal belong- 
ing to himself; nor shall this act be construed as prohibiting 
castration of animals by any resident of this State. 

SECTION 5. All persons who shall commence the practice 
of veterinary surgery, medicine, or dentistry, or any branch 
thereof, within the state after May first, nineteen hundred five, 
shall be graduates of a legally chartered veterinary school, col- 
lege, or university, having the power to confer degrees in veter- 
inary surgery, and shall pass an examination to the satisfaction 
of said board of examiners. Applicants for examination as here- 
in provided, shall file with the secretary of the board their writ- 
ten request for such examination, and pay to the treasurer of 
said board a fee of five dollars before being permitted to take 
such examination. 

SECTION 6. The board of examiners shall issue certificates 
to all persons qualified to receive them under the provisions 
of section four and to all persons passing the examination re- 
quired under section five, authorizing the holder to practice vet- 
erinary surgery, medicine, or dentistry, or any branch thereof, 
within the state. Said certificate shall be recorded in the office 
of the clerk of the supreme judicial court in the county wherein 
the holder resides at the time of passing said examination. Said 
clerk shall be entitled toa fee of fifty cents for making such 
record and in the absence of the original certificate an attested 
copy of such record shall be received as evidence in all courts 
within the state of the right of the person therein named to 
practice veterinary surgery, medicine, or dentistry, or any 
branch thereof, within the state. 

SECTION 7. It shall be the duty of said board of examiners 
to keep a record of all practitioners who shall qualify under the 
provisions of this act, and to register therein the name, age, and 
time spent in the study and practice of veterinary surgery, medi- 
cine and dentistry, and, if a graduate, the name and location of 
the school or college granting his diploma. Such record shall 


ia ee 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 225 


be open to public inspection at all times, within reasonable hours, 
at the office of the secretary of the board. 

SECTION 8. The president of said board shall have power to 
administer oaths and to take testimony for the proper enforce- 
ment of this act and the rules established by said board. 

SECTION 9. Any person who shall practice veterinary sur- 
gery, medicine or dentistry, or any branch thereof, in the state 
of Maine, after September first, nineteen hundred five, with- 
out complying with the provisions of this act, shall be deemed 
guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be 
punished by a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars, or by im- 
prisonment in the county jail for not more than thirty days. 

SECTION 10. Said board shall meet as a board of examin- 
ers in the city of Augusta, on the second Monday in January 
and July of each and every year, when there are applicants for 
examination, and at such other times and places as they may 
find necessary for the performance of their duties. 

* 


The regular meeting of the M. V. M. A. was held in Water- 
ville, April 5, 1905, at the Hospital of Dr. A. Joly. Meeting 
called to order by Dr. F. L. Russell, as President Arvo ¢em., in 
the absence of President Pope. Drs. Salley, Russell,-Joly, Dar- 
ling, and Blakely answered roll-call. 

Reports of previous meetings were read and approved. 

Dr. R. E. Freeman, of Dexter; Dr. H. T. Potter, of Calais, 
Dr. Chas. H. McGiliicuddy, of Bath, and Dr. H. S. Usher, of 
Bonny Eagle, were approved by the Executive Committee and 
admitted to membership. A committee consisting of Drs. Joly, 
Salley and Blakely was appointed to draw up a suitable ‘‘ Cer- 
tificate? as a sign of membership in our Association, with in- 
struction to report at next meeting. 

An interesting talk by Dr. Joly on “ Milk Inspection” was 
given. 

Voted to meet in Augusta, July 12, 1905. 

Meeting adjourned at a late hour. 

Papers are to be read at the next meeting by Drs. Pope, 
Salley and Blakely. 

C. L. BLAKELY, M. D. V., Secretary. 


KEYSTONE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 


A regular stated meeting was held at Donaidson’s Hall, 
Broad and Filbert Sts., Philadelphia, Pa., Tuesday evening, 


226 SOCIETY M¥EETINGS. 


April 11, 1905. The meeting was convened at 8.30, Dr. James 
T. McAnulty in the chair. The following members were pres- 
ent: Drs. W. Horace Hoskins, G. R. Hartman, C. J. Marshall, 
Adam W. Ormeston, W. L. Rhoads, A. T. Sellers, B. M. Under- 
hill, and Joseph W. Vansant. Among the visitors were Drs. 
Richard H. Wisdom and Charles Schaufler. 

Minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. 

A letter was read by the Secretary from Mrs. James B. Ray- 
ner in reference to the illness of her husband. Dr. Rayner is 
one of the charter members of the Keystone and one of its best 
workers. He has been confined to his bed for about three months 
and is just able, at the present time, to get around his room. 
His trouble was caused by a stroke of paralysis. 

A notice of the International Veterinary Congress, to be 
held in Budapest in September, was read by the Secretary. 

The programme for the evening was ‘“ Recent Legislation ” 
and ‘‘ Reports of Cases”? by the members. 

In speaking of recent legislation, Dr. W. Horace Hoskins re- 
viewed some of the work done by the Legislature, especially 
matters that were of interest to our profession. He stated that 
the $100,000 asked for by the Veterinary Department of the 
University of Pennsylvania had passed the Senate this afternoon 
and is now in the hands of the Governor. The Registration 
Bill is in the same condition. Dr. Hoskins read a copy of the 
law as it is presented to the Governor. 

A bill is also in the hands of the Governor making it com- 
pulsory for veterinarians to report contagious diseases of animals 
to the State Live Stock Sanitary Board. 

Dr. Schaufler asked about the case of springhalt reported by 
Dr. Ridge at the last meeting. He stated that recently his own 
driving horse had fallen when driving and on several occasions 
since the fall had showed this aggravated form of springhalt. 
It showed only by spells. No lesions were found to account for 
the condition. 

Drs. McAnulty and Hoskins reported that a large number 
of cases of mange had recently been found in one section of the 
city among horses. It was principally found among a cheap 
class of horses that are kept in unsanitary conditions. The cases 
had been reported to the State Live Stock Sanitary Board and 
at the precent time were quarantined. 

Dr. W. L. Rhoads reported a case of forage poisoning that 
had recently come under his observation. 

C. J. Marshall reported a case of Hodgkin’s disease in a St. 


rere s 


ny 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 227 


Bernard dog. This dog was about six years old and in very 
good condition till about three months ago. At that time a swel- 
ling was noticed on the neck and the dog did not seem as lively 
as common. On examining the case it was found that the 
swelling was hard but not painful. A priesnitz dressing was 
recommended. ‘This was followed for three days, when the dog 
was seen again. The swelling was much larger; covered the 
whole left side of the face. The temperature was 106°, respira- 
tion and pulse were accelerated, appetite was impaired and the 
animal constipated. An opening was made into the enlarged 
gland. A cavity was found, but no pus. A bloody serum was 
all that was found. The incision was packed with iodoform 
gauze. A calomel purge and quinine were given. The next 
day the swelling was considerably reduced. Temperature, pulse 
and respirations were nearly normal. ‘The dog had eaten and 
the calomel had operated. In about a week another attack sim- 
ilar to the first developed. Other superficial glands were ob- 
served to be enlarged. Hodgkin’s disease was diagnosed. 
Treatment discontinued except the X-ray recommended. ‘The 
dog was taken to the laboratory twice each week for treatment. 
He lost weight rapidly, glands became more enlarged, and the 
dog died. Post-mortem revealed an enlargement of internal as 
well as external glands. _The spleen weighed two pounds and 
five ounces. No other organs except the glands were affected. 
The enlarged glands when opened were gray and a deep red, 
but not cheesy ; a prune juice exudate when opened. No known 
cause was discovered. The diagnosis and post-mortem were 
verified by Dr. Henry W. Cattell, the pathologist. 

Dr. Hoskins reported a similar case about three years since 
to this Association. The case described by Dr. Hoskins was in 
a collie. 

Dr. Hoskins exhibited a valuable Jacabin pigeon that died 
with about four hundred other birds in a baggage car from Bos- 
ton to New York City. It was supposed that these birds were 
killed by too much heat in the car. The birds were placed too 
near the steam pipes. An autopsy was made on this bird by 
Drs. Schaufler and Hoskins and the autopsy verified the diag- 
nosis. 

Dr. Sellers spoke of the interest that had been stimulated 
by the introduction of a question box in the New York City 
Veterinary Medical Association, as reported in a recent number 
of the REVIEW. He suggested that this plan be adopted in our 
Association. Several members spoke in favor of the plan. It 


228 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 
was decided that a question box, would be introduced at the 
meeting in May. 
The meeting was adjourned at eleven o’clock to meet at the 
same place Tuesday evening, May 9. 
C. J. MARSHALL, Secretary. 


ESSEX COUNTY (N. J.) VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- 
CIATION. 

I take pleasure in announcing that the Essex County Vet- 
erinary Medical Association of New Jersey came into existence 
through the invitation of Dr. T. E. Budd, of Orange, N. J., 
President of the Veterinary Medical Association of the State of 
New Jersey, on Monday evening, April 17, at 8 Pp. M., at Achtel 
Stetter’s Hotel, Broad Street, Newark. In response to Dr. Budd’s 
invitation a goodly number of the representative veterinarians 
of the county were present, they being Drs. T. Earle Budd, 
Orange; J.T. Glennon, H.° Vauderoest, W. Runge,) Pi je mic 
Guinnis, W. H. Bellman, B. K. Baldwin, and E. D. Bachman, 
Newark; F.C. A. Artopeous, Brookdale; Wm. Herbert Lowe, 
Paterson, guest. 

Dr. T. E. Budd, acting as Chairman, called the meeting to 
order at 8.15 Pp. M., with a few well-chosen remarks as to the 
objects and benefits generally which he thought would result 
from the formation of a county veterinary medical association 
socially, insomuch as ‘it would tend to bring local veterina- 
rians into closer touch with each other, thus engendering a bet- 
ter feeling ; the reading and discussion of cases and reports on 
the employment of new drugs and combinations of drugs and re- 
sults obtained ; also the advisability of raising the charges for 
veterinarians’ services rendered at this time. Dr. Budd very 
significantly remarked apropos of establishing a uniform fee 
that all professions and trades had advanced and remuneration 
along all lines of skilled work had increased ; therefore why 
should not the veterinarian, who has to undertake a much more 
extended and scientific course than his predecessors ? This, with 
a few general remarks, closed Dr. Budd’s opening address. 

The Chairman then called upon Dr. Wm. Herbert -Lowe, 
President of the Passaic County Veterinary Medical Associa- 
tion, an invited guest, for a partial history and results obtained 
by organization in his county. In response Dr. Lowe said 
that by the formation of an association in Passaic County good 
results had followed ; that primarily there was a better feeling 
among the men of the profession and that they all as an organi- 


a 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 229 


zation felt stronger to act upon such measures as should come 
up that might need legislation or otherwise, in unison rather 
than as individuals. ‘That they had agreed upon a schedule of 
prices instead of a fixed fee, etc. Dr. Lowe’s remarks gener- 
ally were most interesting and gave those present a goud work- 
ing outline as to the methods that should be pursued to make 
the prospective association a success. 

After some discussion as to the eligibility of certain local 
practitioners to join owing to their unscientific methods and 
particularly as to their unprofessional tactics, it was decided 
that admission to membership was to be controlled by ballot, 
and that unless great objection was raised against any one in 
particular that any practitioner, be he an existing practitioner 
(having come in before the establishment of the State law), or 
those who are graduates of a standard institution and regularly 
registered, having passed the State Board of Veterinary Medical 
Examiners of the State of New Jersey, were eligible if they 
were already members of the State Association. 

It was then decided to organize to this end. 

Dr. T. C. A. Artopeous made a motion that the new associa- 
tion be organized, and be known as the Veterinary Medical 
Association of Essex County, New Jersey. Promptly seconded 
by Dr. J. T. Glennon. Motion was put by Chairman, and was 
carried. 

The election of officers then followed, resulting as follows: 

President—Dr. T. Earle Budd. 

Vice-President—Dr. J. T. Glennon. 

‘Treasurer—Dr. H. Vanderoest. 

Secretary—Dr. B. K. Baldwin. 

Dr. Vanderoest moved that a committee be appointed to 
draft resolutions and by-laws, the same being seconded and 
carried. The President appointed Dr. P. J. McGuinnis, Chair- 
man, assisted by Drs. Runge and Artopeous. 

A committee was also appointed by the Chair to advise the 
Veterinary Medical Association of the State of New Jersey of the 
organization of the Essex County Veterinary Medical Associa- 
tion, and asking for recognition. 

Dr. Budd called another meeting of the new association to 
take place in Newark, two weeks from to-night, and owing to 
the absence of so many veterinarians of the county who had 
been invited, all present were asked to act as a committee to 
interview the absentees and bring them in at the next meeting. 

Before closing, Dr. Wm. Herbert Lowe, of Paterson, Presi- 


230 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


dent of the Passaic County Veterinary Medical Association, was 
unanimously elected to honorary membership. 
B. K. BALDWIN, D. V. S., Secretary. 


KENTUCKY VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 


The next meeting of this Association will be held in Louis- 
ville, May 30, when the following papers will be presented : 

“Tetanus,” Dr. R. M. Bryan, Lexington. 

“Anthrax, Black-leg, and Texas Fever,” Dr: FT. Eisen 
man, Louisville. 

“Tuberculosis,” Dr. L. M. Land, Lexington. 

‘“‘Parturient Paresis,’? Dr. R. W. Deets, Bardstown. 

‘‘ Shoeing,” Dr. M. M. Leach, Lexington. 

“Effects of High Altitude on Diseases of Respiration,” Dr. 
EH. W. Hagyard, Lexington. 

(Subject to be announced), Dr. M. A. Purdy, Shelbyville. 

‘Ergot in Pneumonia,” Dr. D. A. Piatt, Lexington. 

We expect a large attendance of both active and honorary 
members. ‘The programme will insure good instructive papers, 
and I am confident no one will regret going to the second meet- 
ing of the K. V. M. A. D. Aj PIATT; ‘Secrezarg 


THE TWIN City VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION was 
organized at Minneapolis, Minn., April 11, with a large num- 
ber of the local practitioners in attendance. It will hold 
monthly meetings alternately at Minneapolis and St. Paul. We 
suggest the “ Question Box ” (explained in the March REVIEW) 
to our Minnesota friends as contributing much to the interest 
and value of its monthly gatherings, as it is extremely difficult 
to have sufficient essays and case reports for meetings held so 
frequently. We would also suggest the regular transmission of 
a report of each meeting to the REVIEW for publication, so that 
the profession at large may profit by its deliberations. 


THE NEW ENGLAND ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF THE AMERI- 
CAN VETERINARY COLLEGE held its annual reunion and ban- 
quet at the Copley Square Hotel, Boston, Wednesday evening, 
April 19, and a goodly number of the loyal sons of the ‘old 
school” gathered around the board to enjoy a fine repast and to 
indulge in loving reminiscences of their alma mater. Dr. James 
L. Robertson, of New York, represented the faculty, and, judg- 
ing by the enthusiastic terms in which he described his trip to 
the Hub, the “boys ” were glad to see him. 


NEWS AND ITEMS. 2a1 


NEWS AND ITEMS. 


A. D. GALBRAITH, D. V. S., has located at Asheville, N. C., 
to which place he was drawn in search of health. 

ELIsHU HANSHEW, D. V.S., Brooklyn, N. Y., has installed 
a McGee operating table in his hospital at 125 Carlton Avenue. 

“T am only sorry the REVIEW does not come oftener. It is 
just like getting a letter from home.”—(A. O. Kennedy, Col- 
umbia, Tenn.) 

In the thirty-nine years the Ontario Veterinary College has 
been established it has issued 2858 diplomas, an average of al- 
most 75 a year. 

“JT musT agree that the REVIEW is constantly improving, 
and the best friend of the busy practitioner.”.—(A. /asme, 
Savannah, Ga.) 

Dr. G. Ep. LEECH, of Winona, Minn., had the misfortune to 
lose by fire his library, diploma and all his belongings on the 
night of April 12. 

Dr. W. N. ARMSTRONG, of Concord, Mich., was reélected 
alderman for two years in his city this spring, without opposi- 
tion. ‘This is the doctor’s sixth year as an alderman. 

Dr. S. STEWART, of Kansas City, writes: ‘‘ Veterinarians of 
the West are all very busy, there being demand for the services 
of every one who is capable of rendering service of any value.” 

Dr. W. F. HEYDE, of St. Louis, Mo., sustained the sad 
bereavement of the loss of his estimable wife (nee Cora C. Daues) 
on March 20. She was 26 years old, and left two small child- 
ren, Mira and Florence May. 

‘“T TAKE PLEASURE in sending you check for subscription to 
Vol. XXIX of the REVIEW, and congratulate you upon your 
unbounded success, the natural result of healthy development.” 
—(Peter F. Bahnsen, V. S., Americus, Ga.) 

J. B. CaucHery, D. V. S., Columbiana, Ohio, sustained a 
fracture of the tuberosity of the tibia of the ‘‘ off ” leg on Dec. 
24,in arunaway. Having a weak ankle on the opposite leg, 
he is still forced to use crutches while attending to his practice. 

Dr. AND Mrs. ERNEST I. Smiru, of Cherry Creek, N. Y., 
were blessed with a little daughter on April 4, weighing eight 
pounds, which they have named Virginia Irene. Dr. Smith 
graduated from the New York State Veterinary Coilege, class 
of 1903. 

C: D. McGiivray,'V. S., M. D. V., Binscarth, Manitoba, 
has been appointed by the Canadian Minister of Agriculture, 


232 NEWS AND ITEMS. 


chief veterinary inspector for Manitoba, at a salary of $1500 
perannum. He isa native Scotchman, a graduate of Ontario 
and MckKillip. 

THOMAS ROBERTSON, M. R. C. V. S., of Brooklyn, N. Y., 
died the early part of April in the county jail, where he was 
temporarily confined for reformatory purposes. Some years ago 
he was a prosperous practitioner, but through family difficulties 
had become discouraged and resorted to drink, which reduced 
him to the condition of a pauper. 

“THE ErioLlocy oF Hoc CHOLERA” is the title of Bulletin 
No. 74, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, and is by Drs. Dorset, 
Bolton and McBryde, of the Biochemic Division. The autopsies 
were performed under the supervision of Dr. E. C. Schroeder, 
Superintendent of the Bureau Experiment Station, while the 
inspections in Iowa were made by Inspector W. B. Niles. 

AN action was once brought before Judge Morris against a 
veterinary surgeon for killing a man’s horse. Lord Morris 
knew something of medicine, as he did of most things, and 
asked whether the dose given would not have killed the devil 
himself. The veterinary drew himself up, pompously, and said : 
‘““T never had the honor of attending that gentleman.” ‘‘’That’s 
a pity, doctor,” replied Morris, ‘‘ for he’s alive still.”—(Farmers’ 
Advocate.) 

WE acknowledge receipt of the annual report for 1904 of 
the “ Health of Animals” of the Canadian Departinent of Agri- 
culture. It consists of a full vészmé of the subject by Veteri- 
nary Director General Rutherford, the report of Pathologist Dr. 
Chas. H. Higgins, those of the various inspectors throughout 
the Dominion, while special reports on ‘‘ Actinobacillosis,” 
“Mange,” “Dipping Plants,” ‘Quarantine Regulations,” and 
the ‘“ Breeding of Remounts ”’ follow. 

A Press DISPATCH states that an epidemic of mange is rag- 
ing among the horses in Cincinnati. ‘The malady is represented 
as being of such a virulent type that several horses have already 
died from it and others are not likely to recover. It is alleged 
that the disease first broke out at a fashionable winter boarding 
farm to which a horse was led in the first of December heavily 
blanketed. ‘The man in charge told the owner of the farm that 
the blankets should not be removed as the horse was threatened 
with pneumonia. After some hours the horse becoming very un- 
easy, the blankets were removed and the mange discovered. Since 
then every horse on the farm has been attacked and many law- 
suits are threatened. 


VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION MEETINGS. 


233 


VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION MEETINGS. 


In the accompanying table will be found the dates, places of meet- 
ing, and Secretaries’ names and addresses of all the Veterinary Medical 


Associations of the United States and Canada. 


Secretaries are re- 


quested to see that their organizations are properly included in the list. 


Name of Organization. 


Date of Next 
Meeting. 


American V, M. Ass’n........ 
Vet. Med. Ass’n of N. J 
Connecticut V. M. Ass’n...... 
New York S. V. M. Soc’y... 
Schuylkill Valley V. M. A.... 
Passaic Co V, M. Ass’n 


siaie e« 
ee tee ae 


Michigan State V. M, Ass’n... 
Alumni Ass’n N, Y.-A. V.C.. 
Illinois State V. M. Ass’n 
Wisconsin Soc, Vet. Grad..... 
Illinois V. M. and Surg. A... 

Vet. Ass’n of Manitoba....... 
North Carolina V. M. Ass’n... 
OuntariomViet- ASssin=- 2... <:. 
V.M. Ass’n New York Co... 
Ohio State-V. M. Ass’n:...... 
Western Penn. V. M. Ass’n.. 
Missouri Vet. Med. Ass’n..... 
Genesee Valley V. M. Ass’n... 
Towa State V. M. Ass’n,...... 
Minnesota State V. M. Ass’n.. 
Pennsylvania State V. M. A... 
Keystone V. M. Ass’n 


Colorado State V. M. Ass’n... 
Missouri Valley V. Ass’n ..... 
Rhode Island V. M. Ass’n.... 
North Dakota V. M. Ass’n.. 


August 15-18. 


July 13 14,1905 
Ist Tues. Aug. 


. |September, 1905 


June 21, 1905. 
May I, 1905. 


Monthly. 
July 12, 1905. 
April, 1906. 
Feb, 15, 1905. 
Call of Pres’t. 
Call of Com, 
July, 1905. 


July, 1905. 


.|Ist Wed. ea, mo. 


.|Ist Wed, ea. mo. 


August, 1905 
July, 1905. 
January, 1906. 
July, 1905. 
2d Tuesday of 
each month. 
Ist Mon, in June 
June 26-27 


January, 1906. 


California State V. M. Ass’n., .| Mch.Je.Sep, Dc 


Southern Auxiliary of Califor- 
nia State V. M. Ass’n.. 
South Dakota V. M. A 


..|Jan.Apl. Jy, Oct.) Los Angeles, 


Place of 


Meeting Name and Address Secretary. 


Cleveland, O. 


je txepp, -ehilas Pay 
Wash’'gton Pk 


W. H. Lowe, Paterson. 
Bridgeport. |B. K. Dow, Willimantic. 

Ithaca. W. H. Kelly, Albany, N.Y. 
Reading, Pa, |W. G. Huyett, Wernersville. 
Paterson, N.J.|H. K. Berry, Paterson, N, J. 
A. E, Flowers, Dallas. 


Boston. |F, J. Babbitt, Lynn, Mass. 
Augusta, |C, L. Blakely, Augusta. 
Ottawa. |A, E. James, Ottawa. 


Judson Black, Richmond, 
W. C, Miller, NY. City. 


1141 W. 54thSt 


Decatur, - |W. H. Welch, Lexington, II] 
Racine, |S. Beattie, Madison, 
Champaign. |J. M. Reed, Mattoon. 
Not determ’ed|F. Torrance, Winnipeg. 


Sat adoR ose T. B. Carroll, Wilmington. 
London, Ont.!C. H. Sweetapple, Toronto, 
141 W. 54thSt/D. J. Mangan, N. Y. City. 
Columbus. |W. H. Gribble, Wash’n C.H. 
Pittsburgh. |F, Weitzell, Allegheny, 
Kansas City. |F. F. Brown, Kansas City. 
Roch’ter, N.Y |]. H. Taylor, Henrietta,N.Y. 
Ames. __|H. C. Simpson, Denison, Ia. 
Minneapolis |J. G. Annand, Minneapolis. 


Ais Shar ooUs |C, J. Marshall, Phila, 
Philadelphia. |C, J. Marshall, 2004 Pine 
St., Phila 


Denver. /M, J. Woodliffe, Denver, 
Omaha, Neb. |B. F. Kaupp, Kansas City 
sia sla tin |T.E, Robinson, Westerly, R I 

Fargo. E. J. Davidson, Grand Forks 
San Francisco P, H. Browning, San Jose. 


H.D. Fenimore, Los Angeles 
E. L. Moore. Brookings. 


MehiasKeim Ves Mew ASS Niet |) ce. tie ceases [eect Se een A. T. Peters, Lincoln, 


Kansas State V. M. Ass’n..... 
Ass’n Médécale Veternaire 
Francaise ‘‘ Laval,”’ 


Topeka. Hugh S. Maxwell, Salina, 


st & 3d Thur, |Lect. R’m La- J, P. A. Houde, Montreal. 
of each month, jval Un’y Mon. | 


Alumni Association A. V. Col,.| April each yr 


Province of Quebec V. M.A... 
Kentucky V. M. Ass’n....... 
Wolverine State V. M. Ass’n. . 
Washington State Col. V. M. A. 


ee 


| May 30, 1905. 


| 
Ist & 2d Friday| Pullman, Wa.|Wm. D. Mason. Pullman. 


New York, |F, R. Hanson, N, Y. City. 
Mon, & Que. |Gustave Boyer, Rigand,P.Q. 

Louisville. |D, A. Piatt, Lexington. 
eiahsiere erations et W. W. Thorburn. 


Ohio Valley V. M. Ass’n..... OS eae ae pees Evansville, l’d)J. W. Moses, Mt. Vernon, Ind. 


Iowa Nebraska V. M. Ass’n.. 
Louisiana State V. M. Ass’n.. 


Essex Co. (N. J ) V. M. Ass’n| May 1, 1905. | 


eine \A. T. Peters, Lincoln, Neb. 


lersstieie sects as |E. P. Flower, Baton Rouge. 


Newark. |B. K. Baldwin, Newark, 


PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT. 


Subscription price, $7 per annum, invariably in advance, foreign countries, $3.60; 
students while attending college, $2, single copies, 25 cents. 

Rejected manuscripts will not be returned unless postage is forwarded. 

Subscribers are earnestly requested to notify the Business Manager immediately upon 
changing their address. Make all checks or P. 0. orders payable to American 
Veterinary Review. 


James F. McCune, the well-known manufacturer of tooth rasps and 
other veterinary instruments of Brooklyn, N. Y., has removed his fac- 
tory and office from 1651 Fulton Street, to the more commodious build- 
ing at 855 DeKalb Ave. His increased facilities will enable him to 
more promptly serve his patrons. His telephone is 86 W. Bedford. 


MERCK’S 1905 MANUAL OF THE MATERIA MEpIcA. A Ready-Refer- 
ence Pocket Book for the Physician and Surgeon. (Published by Merck 
& Co., University Place, New York.) 

The third, or 1905, edition of MERCK’s MANUAL is a compact little 
volume, stored with such information—revised to date—as gained for 
its predecessors the title ‘‘a valuable pocket reference-book for the ac- 
tive practitioner.’’ The publishers sought the aid and suggestion of 
many physicians in compiling the MANUAL, which contains some nota- 
ble departures from and additions to the previous issue. The section 
devoted to Prescription Formulz, for instance, has been replaced by a 
list of Therapeutic Indications for the use of the materia medica. A 
table giving the dosage of frequently used drugs, chemicals and galeni- 
cal preparations has been added, and also a comprehensive chapter on 
urinalysis, dealing with the examination of pathological urine and 
urinary deposits. Throughout the work the Apothecaries’ system is 
supplemented by metric equivalents. Other features are: Names of the 
chemicals and drugs usual in modern medical practice, with their chief 
synonyms, physical form and appearance, solubilities, percentage 
strengths and physiological effects, therapeutic uses, modes of adminis- 
tration and application, regular and maximum dosage, incompatibles, 
antidotes, precautionary requirements ; poisoning and its treatment, etc. 


WE would call our readers’ attention to page 13 (adv. dept.) where, 
under the heading ‘‘ VASOGEN,’’ they will find something of interest ; 
and their interest will increase, after a suitable application of some of 
the preparations there designated. 


ASSISTANT WANTED. 
WANTED. —Veterinary surgeon as assistant. Dr. J. J. Hayes, 416 East 14th St., 
IN) Ye City: 


EXPERIENCED ANATOMIST WANTED. 
WANTED, — By the McKillip Veterinary College, an experienced instructor in Anatomy. 
Address the Secretary, Dr. Geo. A. ScoTT, 1639 Wabash Ave., Chicago, Il. 


ASSISTANTSHIP WANTED. 

WANTED.—By a Cornell graduate with N. Y. State Veterinary License and one year 
graduate work, a position in an extensive practice, chiefly for improvement. Address W, 
L. WrLitaMs, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 

VETERINARIAN WANTED. 

VETERINARIAN of high education to do detail work among cattle and dairymen. 
Must be fluent and convincing talker, and be able to produce first class references. State 
age, education and salary expected. N. M., Box 1816, New York City. 


AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. 


| JUNE, 1905. 


EDITORIAL. 


EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. 
PARIS, FRANCE, April 20, 1905. 

THE TICK THEORY HANDLED BY AN ACARIOLOGIST.—My 
knowledge of the great science of biology is limited, and, in 
fact, it is not in my competency to judge of any question where 
biological conditions are called upon to decide important prob- 
lems. On account of my deficiency I have been willing to ac- 
cept theories which after all might find afterwards their adver- 
saries, and then I was obliged to change my opinion also. I 
suppose Iam not the only one who in that position has been 
obliged to modify his ideas. I have just fallen again into one 
of those peculiar situations, but this time I will not come to any 
decision until I get more light on the subject. 

We all know in America the amount of work that Texas 
fever has given rise to, and all of us, evenif not specialists, have 
followed the many controversies which have taken place and 
the various opinions which were advanced. Among all the dif- 
_ ferent expressions of opinion as to the principal means of con- 
tagion, there is one which has prevailed ever since the first ap- 
pearance of the disease—that was the tick theory. It held fast, 
ridiculed by many, or again half and half fairly admitted by 
others; at last Dr. Curtice, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 
gave the last blow to all the varieties of pro and con, and by his 


235 


236 EDITORIAL. 


observations and his researches, by his biological studies and 
his experiments, proved that the tick theory was the correct 
one ; that it was by the ticks thatsthe disease was transmitted ; 
that where there was no tick there was no disease, etc., etc. 

Of course, it was great sensational news; Curtice’s work was 
taken hold of by others, and such authorities as Theobald 
Smith, F. L. Kilborne, and E. C. Schroeder, of the Bureau of 
Animal Industry, made known their conclusions in a report of 
£893, Viz.: . . . . ‘“(5) Texas fever in nature 1s tramcueee 
ted from cattle which come from the permanently infected ter- 
ritory to cattle outside of this territory by the cattle tick (Bo. 
Ophilus bovis). (6) The infection is carried by the progeny of 
the ticks which matured on infected cattle, and is inoculated by 
them directly into the blood of susceptible cattle . . . ” 

In transmitting his report to the Secretary of Agriculture, 
Dr. Salmon said: ‘‘ Another significant discovery, not less mar- 
vellous, is that the microorganism which constitutes the con- 
tagion of the disease is transmitted through the egg to the young 
tick, and it is this, and not the adult tick carried by the South- 
ern cattle, which finds its way upon susceptible animals and 


eanses the’disease: i) 32 i 
* 


* * 

Advanced and supported by such authorities as those from 
the scientific staff of the Bureau of Animal Industry, the tick 
theory was soon endorsed by European investigators and other 
diseases were soon found and classified with Texas fever, as far 
as the original means of transmission—the ticks and their varie- 
ties. Nocard was perhaps among some of the first to proclaim 
and to endorse the discovery of the American scientists. 

One man, however, was rebellious to the idea. Thorough 
biologist, close observer, and well acquainted with ticks and 
their mischiefs, Pierre Megnin, retired army veterinarian and 
member of the Academy of Medicine, will not admit the tick 
theory, and in Number 6 of the /ournal de [ Anatomie et de 
la Phystologie has presented his arguments against it: 

“Tt has not been sufficient,” he says, ‘‘to incriminate the 


EDITORIAL. 237 


flies which can prick and are blood-suckers, but other wingless 
insects have been accused of acting the same part of transmit- 
ting diseases from one animal to another.” ‘‘ These insects (the 
ticks) are great blood-suckers, it is true, but having no wings 
and being entirely unable to move from one animal to another, 
as flies or even some fleas do, how can they transmit a disease, 
although their belly is full of its germs, when they cannot pass 
from one to another animal ?”’ 

For Megnin the theory presented is all fancy and he rather 
severely says could be admitted by learned people, even accom- 
plished bacteriologists, but not at all by acariologists. 

In this article Mr. P. M. enters into a long and very scien- 
tific biological history of all ticks, in which I do not wish to 
follow him. Iread these parts that, however, are interesting to 
the question: ‘“‘To resume, fecundated females only attach 
themselves on animals to make a large provision of blood nec- 
essary for their very large progeny. It is impossible for them 
to pass upon two animals in succession. Males are perfectly 
harmless. Nymphz are sometimes found on dogs, but in astage 
of freedom which excludes all relation with the females. Larve 
are never seen on dogs or other large animals whose skin their 
weak buccal weapon could not pierce. . . . If it has been 
supposed that there were, it is because they were mistaken for 
young females unfed, which are 60 times smaller in size than 
females gorged with blood.” 

The conclusions of the author are: ‘“ At any rate it is for- 
bidden to the tick to passfrom one animal to another. Whenit 
is fixed on an animal it is for a given number of days (15), and 
when it drops it is to lay its thousands of eggs anddie. The 
larvee which come out of the eggs require months to complete 
their organization and when they become hungry they go on 
small mammalia with thin skins that they can pierce, and 
never on large animals astheir mothers do. If larvz have been 
placed on the skin of healthy animals, they have not transmitted 
the disease themselves as they could not pierce the skin, but it 
is probable that in the glass tube where they were born, there 


238 EDITORIAL. ' 


remained still the cadaver of their mother, which contained 
spores of pyrosomes or piroplasmoses.”’ 

I wonder how a profane not posted on biology can answer 
Mr. P. Megnin. I leave my friends of the Bureau to do it. 

ee HE 

THE EFFECT OF PILOCARPINE IN RABIES.—As long as I 
am on the subject of that interesting branch of science, biology, 
I may be allowed to record a little of what I have gathered at 
some of the meetings of the Society of Biology here, which 
may interest some of our readers, and in fact all veterinarians, 
as the subject is rabies. The remarks came from Prof. Remlinger. 

The first communication was on the use of pilocarpine in 
the treatment of rabies and of other infectious diseases. The 
experiments which were related had for object to find out if ex- 
cessive sudation and supersecretion of saliva, due to the admin- 
istration of pilocarpine, would have some effect on the course 
of infectious diseases, and especially in rabies, whose virus is 
thrown off by the saliva. Experiments were made on rabbits 
and guinea-pigs inoculated with fixed virus, and upon two chil- 
dren suffering with rabies while submitted to the antirabic 
treatment. The result was entirely negative. The absolute 
inefficacity of the drug was proved. It also failed in reducing 
the infection of chicken cholera. 

There was, however, some results obtained by these experi- 
ments, viz., it was found that the saliva obtained from rabid 
animals, after they had received an injection of pilocarpine, was 
not virulent. Other experiments were made on rabbits, dogs, 
and sheep which had been infected with fixed virus. Anabun- 
dant salivation was promoted by a subcutaneous injection of 
pilocarpine, and the saliva, gathered as aseptically as possible, 
was inoculated in the muscles of 26 guinea-pigs and 37 rabbits. 
Some of these, 10 of each class, died from premature death two 
or three days after the inoculation, but 43 animals survived and 
were kept under observation for three and four months. None 
became rabid. The absence of virulency in the saliva existed 
whether the salivation had been produced at the beginning or 


EDITORIAL. 239 


at the end of the disease. It was also present no matter what 
the dose of pilocarpine injected and the time the saliva was 
gathered—beginning, middle, or end of the salivation. 


* 
< = 


TRAVELLING VETERINARY SCHOLARSHIPS.—In my chronicle 
of July, 1903, I made allusion to a new departure originated in 
England by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons creating 
travelling studentships, offered to recent graduates desirous of at- 
tending one continental school, Alfort or Berlin, so as to take a 
post-graduate course. At that time I said, repeating Prof. 
Crookshank’s words: ‘‘ Travelling scholarships would be of quite 
as much advantage to veterinary as to medical students,” and I 
concluded: ‘Why could not such prize be offered by our col- 
leges instead of the free scholarship at home?” and again: 
“Why could not some gererous benefactor be found to defray 
at least part of the expense?” 

To-day I learn that not only England has followed Prof. 
Crookshank’s suggestion and sent a student to Alfort, but that 
the Italian Veterinary Association offers for competition between 
the graduates of 1903 and 1904 the sum of one thousand francs 
to be given for the successful competitor under the condition 
that he will stay five months at either the veterinary school of 
Alfort or of Berlin, and attend the lectures on bovine path- 
ology, contagious diseases and laboratory work attached to it, 
zootechny, bacteriology and clinics. 

I wonder if the A. V. M. Association could be induced to 
follow the step inaugurated by England and Italy. 

x 


* =x 

ABLATION OF THE FETLOCK HyGRromMaA.—In most of the 
works on operative surgery, the tendinous windgall of the an- 
terior face of the fetlock, also known as hygroma of that region, 
occupies but little space and the treatment which is recommended 
against it seems to be confined to comparatively simple methods. 
Cold applications and compresses for the recent and small tu- 
mors, or for more serious cases actual cauterization, puncture with 
trocar, seton,free incision, and finally the more successful and also 


240 EDITORIAL. 


more severe resource of the injection of iodine. And yet with 
that arsenal there are cases where the prospect of success is very 
doubtful. It is evident that with the advantages that are of- 
fered by antisepsy, more radical means might be resorted to and 
more satisfactory results obtained. Such, indeed, were the facts 
in the records of two cases which I have found in the Revue 
Générale. 

The first relates to an animal that had on the fetlock of one 
hind-leg, a soft fluctuating tumor, divided by the tendon of the 
anterior extensor of the phalanges in two unequal lobes, the ex- 
ternal being as big as a hen’s egg and the internal as a large 
pear. Operating as aseptically as possible, a flap of skin was xe- 
moved, the synovial sac was freely opened and emptied of its 
contents. The borders of the incision were excised, about one 
centimetre on each side, and the wound closed by sutures and 
protected by am iodoformed collodion and wadding dressing. 
No suppuration occurred, cicatrization was perfect in a few days 
and the size of the fetlock reduced to four centimetres in diam- 
eter. It was a successful case of resection. 

The second case, however, is yet more interesting. It is one 
of complete ablation of a large dropsical synovial sac of the fet- 
lock of the left hind-leg, which formed a tumor measuring 
17 centimetres in length and 8 in width. The operation was 
performed with all antiseptic measures. Incision of the skin, 
opening of the synovial sac with a long incision, escape of a 
reddish thick synovia, disinfection of the sac, excision of the 
side pieces of the membrane on each border, sutures of the 
serous coat and then that of the skin. The operation was per- 
formed under a fine stream of tepid solution. Semi-plastic 
dressing covered the whole region. ‘T'wo months later the ani- 
mal returned to work with the hygroma entirely removed. 

While this affection seldom unfits a horse for work, there 
are many cases where such treatment as resection or even abla- 
tion of the sac is perfectly justified—even with the danger that 
may present the close connection with the articular synovial 
membrane of the fetlock joint. 


EDITORIAL. 241 


ADRENALINE.—Our friends know well all that has been 
written about adrenaline, therefore it is not necessary to say 
more about it, and yet in the Berliner Thterarztliche Wochen- 
schrift 1 find such a concise résumé, not only of all the proper- 
ties of adrenaline, but also of the conclusions derived from ex- 
periments by Dr. Zehl, who tested them in hemoglobinuria, in 
paraplegia, in diseases of the eye, in the diagnosis of lameness, 
in laminitis, etc., that I must present them here. 

The conclusions of Dr. Zehl are as follows: 

‘“‘ Adrenaline is a powerful anesthetic and a strong hamos- 
tatic. 

“The anzesthetic properties are manifested rapidly and last 
from 4 to 6 hours without toxic effects. 

“The best way to administer it, in our domestic animals, is 
by hypodermic injections. The dose is 20 to 30 c.c. of a solu- 
tion at I-100° for cattle and 15 to 30 c.c. for horses. This dose 
can be repeated during the day. 

‘“‘ For diagnosis, it can be used at the dose of 5 to 7 c.c.—5 
on each side of the lame leg. 

“ Adrenaline is a specific against hemoglobinuria of bo- 
vines. 

“Tt gives good effects in paraplegia of horses. It is effica- 
cious in the treatment of external and internal inflammations 
of the eye. 

“It is to be preferred to cocaine in the diagnosis of lame- 
ness. 

“Tt may be useful in the treatment of laminitis. 

‘On account of its anzesthetic and hemostatic properties, 


its use is imposed in all operations of minor surgery.” 


* 
* * 


EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL VETERINARY CONGRESS.—The 
Executive Committee of the Congress, which will take place at 
Budapest next September, has recently held a meeting under 
the presidency of Dr. F. Hutyra, rector of the Superior School 
of Veterinary Medicine, in which important resolutions were 
taken. 


242 EDITORIAL. 


After the report of Prof. Dr. Stefan de Ratz, the General 
Secretary, it was decided that the opening session would take 
place on Sunday, September 3. The sessions of sanitary police 
will take place the 4th, 6th and 8th. The other meetings of 
biology, pathology and the special section of tropical diseases 
shall be held on the 5th and 7th. The last session shall be 
held on September oth. 

Everything relating to the arrangements and distractions for 
the members have been prepared by a special committee, and 
nothing will be spared to add to the comforts of those who will 
be present. A special committee has been appointed to make 
preparations for the comfort and pleasure of the ladies who will 
accompany the members. A large attendance is expected, as 
the reports of the various foreign committees announce it. The 
conference which is to be held on tropical diseases is bound to 
be a great success. It will call special representatives from 
England and from the English colonies. 

On the petition of the Committee of Management, His Royal 
and Imperial Highness the Archduke Joseph Augustus has 
graciously accepted the Patronage of the VIII International 
Congress of Veterinary Medicine. His Highness has also an- 
nounced that he will assist willingly at the opening ceremonial, 
and that he will open in person the work of the Congress. On 
the evening of the first day the Archduke will hold a reception 
at the Royal Palace for the representatives of Foreign Govern- 


ments and the Bureau of the Congress. 


* 
* * 


GOTTHEIL’s HistoLoGy.—My bibliographical notice this 
month must be very short. I do not know if new books are 
not published or if they do not reach my office, but of late I have 
on my desk only one. I am afraid it is one of the kind that my 
friend Prof. Williams calls a reprint, and yet, no; it isnot a re- 
print, as there is an addition to the text of the first edition, 
which, short as it is, may be sufficient to justify the ‘‘ second 
edition, revised ”’ of the title page. 

The book is the ‘‘ Manual of General Histology ” that Prof. 


EDITORIAL. 243 


W. S. Gottheil, M. D., wrote when he was teaching at the Amer- 
ican Veterinary College. There is little to add to what was 
said of it when the work was published. It is aconcise treatise, 
well fitted for the students. 

In this second edition a few lines tell us in the preface of 
the addition of the few pages which are found at the end of the 
book and which tell the student of the readiest methods of ex- 
amining tissues underthe microscope. The book is sold by the 
same old house of Jenkins, of New York. Vara be 


THE VETERINARIAN, STOCKMAN AND PHYSICIAN. 


In recent numbers of the REVIEW have appeared several ed- 
itorials urging veterinarians to identify themselves more actively 
with agricultural organizations. There is a growing tendency in 
this direction and it should be encouraged. Those editorials de- 
serve to be reread and thought over, as the realization of their ob- 
ject (closer relations with agricultural organizations) will further 
our mutual interests and give us increased legislative power. 
It has been a rather general experience that where veterinarians, 
unaided, have attempted to secure important legislation that was 
opposed, or have attempted to prevent vicious legislation that 
was supported ; the struggle has very often been disappointing in 
results. It has also held true that in States where veterinarians 
could secure the support of stock-breeders and general agricul- 
tural interests, legislative work has been more effective. It may 
be set down as an unpleasant, but nevertheless bit of demon- 
strated truth, that medical men, either physicians or veterina- 
rians, and particularly the latter, have relatively but little polit- 
ical power unless they can secure the backing of powerful finan- 
cial or agricultural interests. 

Such cooperative work as the REVIEW articles have noted 
and approved not only tend toward added political influence, 
but are distinctly educational for both the veterinarian and 
stockman. Not only should the veterinarian work in and with 
the stock-breeders’ associations for the reasons already given, but 
for the more selfish and smaller reason of financial gain. 


244 EDITORIAL. 


In the case of agricultural society work of any kind, the vet- 
erinarian’s paper must be first of all practical, and have an im- 
mediate bearing on practical things. It may easily be made so 
interesting and helpful, that other papers will be wanted at the 
next and subsequent meetings. 

For years the writer has been anxious to see veterinarians 
take a more prominent partin local and State and even national 
medica] association work, and thus more rapidly gain the full 
respect and rank which is clearly a just due. The modern vet- 
erinarian has received good medical training and should deserve 
recognition as a medical gentleman, and be welcomed on any 
medical programme. Iknow of no way of gaining these impor- 
tant ends so easily and rapidly as by getting acquainted with 
neighboring physicians and by taking an active part in their 
various lines of association work. 

Veterinarians should join medical societies wherever they 
are eligible, and they should not only join but take an active 
part in the work, present papers and take part in discussions. 
And by all means, when attending such conventions, veterina- 
tians should be as well and neatly dressed as any man in the 
room. ‘There is no question but that physicians are always 
ready to respect the intelligent and well-informed veterinarian, 
and take an active interest in his lines of work, whether they 
bear directly upon human practice or not. The ideas of the 
average physician concerning hog cholera, actinomycosis, gland- 
ers and bovine tuberculosis are crude and indistinct, to put it 
mildly. They need us on their programmes, and, by the way, 
we need them. ‘There is no reason why there should not bea 
veterinary paper on the programme of every State medical so- 
ciety meeting, and upon a great many county and other local 
medical association programmes, and conversely medical papers 
on veterinary programmes. 

When veterinarians are approached in private conversation 
with this argument, they are very apt to say, Yes, these things 
are all right, but how can we do them? Why, simply get ac- 
guainted with the secretaries of the agricultural and medical 


EDITORIAL. 245 


societies ; learn something about good stock, take an interest in 
agricultural matters, be ready to discuss subjects of immediate 
practical importance that will appeal to the practical stockman. 
Take a good medical journal, read it; be ready to discuss credit- 
ably questions of comparative medicine that often arise in medi- 
cal society meetings, and furnish papers for their programmes. 
Veterinarians in public positions, either State or Federal, have 
abundant opportunities to become acquainted with secretaries 
of these associations, and while they may not care to take active 
steps to secure places on programmes for themselves, they may 
usually work in some capable friend who can present a valuable 
paper or discussion, and so do credit to the profession. 
Unquestionably great good may be obtained by the individ- 
ual veterinarian and great good be done the profession if more 
of us will take an active interest and a more active part in these 
allied association lines of work. (M. H. R.) 


A PRINCELY ENDOWMENT TO VETERINARY 
EDUCATION. 


We publish elsewhere a letter from Dean Leonard Pearson, 
of the Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, in which he announces some important results of recent 
legislation in the Keystone State. The most important item, 
possibly, is the signing by the Governor of the bill appropriat- 
ing $100,000 to the Veterinary Department of the State Uni- 
versity, and which, with a similar sum recently donated by an 
unnamed philanthropist, places the honored school in the very 
front rank of veterinary educational institutions of the country. 
The Dean intimates in his letter that further windfalls are in 
sight, and thus the possibilities multiply, for it is not nearly so 
difficult to obtain additional contributions as it is to secure the 
first recognition. We trust that the Keystone philanthropists 
and legislative solons may get the habit of bestowing endow- 
ments and appropriations upon that long-waiting and worthy 
departinent. 

Aside from the munificence above referred to, the State of 


246 EDITORIAL. 


Pennsylvania has taken the initiative in the establishment of an 
experiment farm for the investigation of infectious animal dis- 
eases, by appropriating sufficient funds to purchase and equip 
it, thus placing before the eyes of its sister States an example 
of progressive economy which may prove but the pioneer of 
such helpful adjuncts to preventive medicine. 

These splendid results of the efforts of our con/réres in 
Pennsylvania are not only gratifying in the extreme, but they 
point an important moral: which is that in unity there is 
strength; and in the case of the veterinarian, it could be 
stated more strongly: without unity, there is no strength. In 
the present instance, the members of the profession in Pennsyl- 
vania worked in perfect harmony, with a singleness of purpose 
which brought every influence into line for the one object; and 
their insistence was convincing because they were sincere 
believers in the righteousness of their cause. This method of 
operation has recently been successful in a number of States, 
and the opposite condition has as uniformly been unsuccessful. 

The REVIEW, in its own behalf, and voicing the sentiment 
of the profession of the entire country, tenders its sincere con- 
gratulations to the veterinarians of the Keystone State, and 
hopes that their dearest anticipations may be realized in the 
benefits which will flow from their exceptional opportunities. 

Next ! 


ARE YOU READY FOR CLEVELAND? 


The time elapsing before the 1905 meeting of the American 
Veterinary Medical Association, which takes place in Cleve- 
land, Ohio, August 18, 19, 20, 21, is growing very short, and 
there will be only two more numbers of this magazine in which 
to urge its readers (whether members of the Association or not) 
to arrange their affairs so that they may reap the great advan- 
tages to be derived from attendance upon its sessions. 

For the past decade these gatherings have been growing in 
interest and importance, each year’s transactions marking a dis- 
tinct advance over its predecessor, and Secretary Repp assures 


EDITORIAL. 247 


us that this habit is not to be deviated from on this occasion. 
Questions having the greatest influence upon the welfare of the 
profession, particularly iu its relation to its educational institu- 
tions, will press for elucidation at this meeting, and it is the duty 
of every earnest veterinarian to contribute to the discussion the 
results of his thoughts upon this great problem. Papers will 
be presented for consideration by some of the leading scientific 
veterinarians of this and several foreign countries (including 
Germany, France, Japan, Australia and the Far Eastern depen- 
dencies of this country), upon all phases of veterinary medicine, 
while practical subjects will receive not only the benefits of 
discussion, but many will be illustrated in the clinical demon- 
strations. 

There is no substitute for attendance: a verbatzm reproduc- 
tion of what occurs by means of descriptive writing and the use 
of the kodak does not compensate for all that is lost. ‘Those 
who have indulged in these delightful yearly pilgrimages know 
how and why this is so. To all others, the REVIEW strongly 
advises that they make 1905 their initiative convention, and, 
unless they be professional adamants, they too will understand 
the reasons why attendance cannot be substituted. 

Get ready for Cleveland ! 


THE original illustrated article by Dr. W. L. Williams, en- 
titled “Rupture of the Pre-Pubian Tendon in the Pregnant 
Mare,” announced to appear in this number of the REVIEW, 
has been delayed through failure of the artist to complete the 
drawings. The author assures us that it will certainly be ready 
for the July issue. 


THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE BOARD OF VETERINARY MEDI- 
CAL EXAMINERS have succeeded in securing a law requiring all 
veterinary practitioners in that State to register annually ina reg- 
istration book kept by the Board. To isolate and control iilegal 
practitioners this act simplifies and minimizes the difficulties 
which beset the profession in States having practice acts. 


248 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


ORTCINAT errs 


WHAT INVESTIGATION IS. 
AN INQUIRY INTO THE MEANING OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGA- 
TION IN THE VETERINARY SCIENCES. 


By D. ARTHUR HUGHES, PH. D., D. V. M., CORNELL UNIVERSITY, 
GOVERNMENT INSPECTOR, EAST ST. Lovulis. 


‘‘Good gentlemen, givé hima further edge, 
And drive his purpose on to these delights.’’ 
Hamlet, Act III. 


‘“The other day an emphatic friend of mine committed himself to 
the opinion that, in England, it is better for a man’s worldly prospects 
to be a drunkard, than to be smitten with the divine dipsomania of the 
original investigator. I am inclined to think he was not far wrong.’’ 

T. H. Huxley, ‘‘ Universities : Actual and Ideal.’’ (1874. ) 

If it were not that human nature tends to err and to forget 
there would never be any necessity to reflect upon the full 
meaning of scientific investigation in the veterinary sciences. 
Unfortunately there are two things which foster this forgetful- 
ness, the one is, strange to say, the enthusiasm of specialists in 
a single science ; the other, an outgrowth of the first, is the ab- 
sence of profound reflection on the interfusion and co-relation 
of all the sciences. 

What could be more common than the judgment that spe- 
cialization tends to narrow-mindedness: what, indeed, is more 
true. It may be every day observed that the mental twist a 
man has from the personal conviction of the importance of the 
science in which he is a worker almost invariably makes his 
judgment on other sciences, and on other scientific workers, 
both because of his ignorance and because of his bias, worthless. 
We may with gratitude rely upon such a man’s conclusions in 
his own science; but we may well turn away and smile when 
he attempts to speak ex cathedra on other sciences. Of what 
value, for example, are the judgments of a specialist, exclusive- 
ly, insurgery on the work and conclusions on a strictly medical 


WHAT INVESTIGATION IS. 249 


case attended to by a specialist, exclusively, in medicine? Of 
what value is the judgment of a deep specialist in a branch of 
geology—like palzeontology—on the methods of investigation 
and conclusions of a deep specialist in pathology? Nay, we 
need not go outside our own sciences: of what value is the 
judgment of an exclusive student of histology on the methods 
of investigation and conclusions of a man who is exclusively a 
specialist in abnormal histology. The two sciences are closely 
related, yet the dicta of the one can hardly be questioned by 
the specialist in the other. Respect, as we may, the knowledge 
of specialists in veterinary sciences; as a rule we must be 
amused, perhaps sometimes chagrined, at their limitations of 
knowledge exposed in their judgments on what constitutes in- 
vestigation, on what is scientific method of investigation, on 
what the scientific spirit is, on what are scientific conclusions 
in other specialties than their own. 

It is a commonplace of educational theory that no man can 
be a great specialist until he is first well read in many special- 
ties besides the one of his choice. Fortunately we have some 
men in the profession to-day, and we will have more in the 
future as the demands become greater amongst us for profun- 
dity of learning, who are acquainted with the whole circle of 
the natural sciences, whose scholarship in the kith and kin of 
the natural sciences which constitutes the sum of those we 
should know is wide; men, who, while their faculties may be 
mainly exercised in one branch of medicine, are sufficiently ac- 
quainted with the others to be awake to the advantages of 
scholarship in the other branches. Unfortunately, except in 
these few, the stream of tendency has been for men particularly 
learned in a specialty to betray, in their judgments on investi- 
gations, perhaps related to but likely not in the line of their 
thinking, an ignorance born of incapacity to understand other 
points of view, or an ignorance of other methods of scientific 
procedure than their own. ‘Though the family of the natural 
sciences which are enclosed in our own particular circle—vet- 
efinary medicine—are few in number they overlap one another 


250 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


and are so interfused as sometimes almost to be inextricable. 
Here is a man attempting to discover the etiology of a certain 
set of phenomena—an obscure disease, let us say—can he fail to 
have his mind set to thinking upon the many consequences of 
the disease to the organism if the disease is systemic? Hardly, 
we would think. We are too apt to think a disease has one 
cause when it may have many: we are too apt to have the 
mind set on a single cause and to forget the many effects on the 
organism. In our concentration of mind on the investigation 
of a point in pathology we are apt to overlook other methods 
of investigation of the same point, to eschew other theories 
which might explain the phenomena found. Rabid with a 
worthy enthusiasm for a favorite method in a favorite specialty, 
we are likely to depend too much upon it and to expect too 
much of it. Failing to find our etiological factor to explain 
the disease, we are likely to find fault with our method ; where- 
as we should find fault with ourselves. There may be many 
causes. Our point of view may be wrong. We expect our 
method to explain too much. Ina word, by too great concen- 
tration on one point, on one method, in one specialty, we lose 
our hold on the many relationships a single group of phenomena 
may have to the organism; we have none of that profound re- 
flection which would make us see these relationships. The 
great men in veterinary medicine, as in human medicine in the 
past, must be those who do not expect to solve the mysteries of 
nature by laying too great weight on a single method or a single 
theory. Scientific investigation may take a multitude of meth- 
ods to come to conclusion on one point, to explain one mys- 
tery. 

In order to ascertain what the true scientific spirit is, what 
should be the characteristic attitude of the broad-minded scien- 
tist to the work of othersin his own science or in other sciences, 
we may well consider, first of all, the relationship of science to 
culture, or science as culture: for, if we can determine this, we 
can understand the spirit which gives birth to investigation and 
its products. 


WHAT INVESTIGATION IS. 251 


Science as culture: the relationship of science to culture. 
Perhaps there has been in modern times no man in Great 
Britain who understood the meaning of culture so well, nor 
whose views on culture were so readily accepted, as Matthew 
Arnold. In his famous essay, 7he Function of Criticism at the 
Present Time, he has laid down the doctrine that culture is ‘‘ to 
know the best that has been thought and said in the world,” 
and he adds that this can only be obtained by constant reading 
and association with ancient and modern literatures. His first 
proposition we can readily accept for perfect culture ‘‘ implies 
the possession of an ideal and the habit of critically estimating 
the value of things by comparison with a theoretic standard. 
Perfect culture should imply a complete theory of life, based on 
a clear knowledge alike of. its possibilities and its limitations.” 
But when we turn to his second proposition, that this perfect 
culture can only be obtained by exclusive and habitual imbib- 
ing of literature, all scientists who know their work and its 
values must demur. In the same way, in America, there has 
been no greater exponent of literature as the invariable channel 
for those who would possess perfect culture than Ralph Waldo 
Emerson. In his celebrated address before the Phi Beta Kappa 
Society at Harvard called ‘‘The American Scholar ’’—and its 
tone is in marked contrast in spirit and substance to the ad- 
dresses delivered before the Honorary Scientific Society of Sig- 
ma Xi at Cornell—he has said substantiaily that the office of 
the American scholar is to receive a personal inspiration from 
a kind of uncritical, unanalytical adoration of Nature, from im- 
bibition of the spirit of the past—by implication through litera- 
ture. These are to give the American scholar his insight into 
the present. Both of these men had a true catholicity of spirit 
and a true sympathy with scientific thought, though both lacked 
appreciation of the weight of modern scientific thought and work 
in the sustenance and formation of culture in their times and 
since. The errorinto which both have fallen is the same. Both 
were among the most remarkable literary men of the past gen- 
eration. Yet both, in a time which was distinctly a period of 


252 D. AkKTHUR HUGHES. 


scientific work and aspiration, missed true valuation of its pur- 
poses and its endeavors. ‘The progress of science has been such 
that at present we are unwilling to admit that neither a nation 
nor an individual can really advance whose common outfit 
draws nothing from the natural sciences. Reliance upon liter- 
ature alone as a means of cultivation of the faculties, or as an 
inspiration to intellectual endeavor, has been supplanted by the 
idea that the study of sciences has equal place with literature 
for discipline or for cultivation of keenness of mind. 

This idea in modern education admirably vindicates itself 
by furthering scientific progress. We may therefore inquire 
now in what the scientific spirit, which furthers knowledge of 
nature and insures the new form of culture, consists. Grand as 
the conception of the means for finding culture, as espoused by 
men like Arnold and Emerson, is—the reliance in the inspira- 
tion of literary seers—the conception of the means of culture 
which obtains amongst: men of natural science is grander: for 
it neither trammels nor bewilders the intellect. Note, first, the 
only place authority can hold in science; note, second, the 
right and the happiest pleasure the scientific mind at work has, 
to convince itself of natural truths; note, third, the purpose the 
scientific mind has when at work ; note, fourth, the atmosphere 
in which the scientific spirit has its play and its being. 

First, the only place authority can hold in science. At any 
moment in the history of any single science there is always a 
body of facts or principles or laws pertaining to that science 
which have been put through the fire of tests in continued ex- 
periment or observation and as a result of the ordeal scientific 
men have come to the united conviction that they are truths in 
that science. The eminent bacteriologist, Dr. Veranus Alva 
Moore, has given the term ‘‘ dead-wood ” to such facts, meaning 
that the facts are settled as facts. ‘This is the only meaning 
that the term authority can hold inscience. Yet the statement 
of fact even here is not unalterable; nor, on the last analysis, 
can it be said that any fact or body of facts is beyond dispute ; 
for everything in science can be questioned by any other inves- 


WHAT INVESTIGATION IS. 253 


tigator who works them over, and the discovery of new facts 
often requires that old facts be re-stated in the light of later dis- 
coveries. Second, the right and the happiest pleasure the sci- 
entific mind at work can have, to convince itself of truths of 
nature. Science holds it as a cardinal doctrine that everything 
in its store of truth, known or unknown, can be questioned and 
inquired into by any investigator. Its fondest hopeis that each 
of its votaries will try old truths and prove them for themselves 
if they so desire; or that they will beat out new paths for 
themselves in the world of nature, that we may have a larger 
heritage of knowledge. It is the duty and the delight of the 
scientific mind to prove all things and hold fast that which is 
good. The right of personal inquiry until conviction is reached 
is never called in question. ‘Third, the purpose the scientific 
mind has when at work. The scientist, young or old, can try 
all things in the crucible of his own mind. But the purpose, 
mainly, of the scientific mind is the noble ambition to enlarge 
the boundaries of knowledge of nature, either by following in 
the footsteps of the explorers of new fields of knowledge or else 
to find out new paths for themselves. Exploitation of new 
fields of nature ; exploration of all her realms, this is the pur- 
pose of the scientist. Fourth, the atmosphere in which the 
scientific spirit has its play and its being. As the moral nature 
of man is greater than the intellectual, even so the moral spirit, 
which has governance of the scientist at work, marks him in 
his every effort. The very atmosphere he breathes, therefore, 
is charged with exhilaration for truth for its own sake. This 
power is a greater possession than much knowledge, as the 
moral incentives transcend the intellectual aspiration. 

This spirit which governs the scientist, this atmosphere in 
which he lives, moves and has his being, keeps him in roads 
which lead to true culture. The value of science as a study 
which leads to perfect culture of manhood, whether on the in- 
tellectual or the moral side, is now obvious. John Stuart Mill, 
whose fame as a logician and political economist has gone 
abroad through many lands, and who was himself an ardent ad- 


254 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


vocate of classical study, though his spirit was really character- 
istically scientific, has written a passage which, with some little 
change, applies equally, at least as strongly in scientific study 
and investigations, as it may in classical study, in which he 
meant it to apply, that it would be apropos to quote it here: 
‘To question all things ;—never to turn away from any difficulty ; 
to accept no doctrine either from ourselves or from other people 
without a rigid scrutiny by negative criticism; letting no fal- 
lacy or incoherence, or, confusion of thought step by unper- 
ceived ; above all to insist upon having the meaning of a word 
clearly understood before using it, and the meaning of a propo- 
sition before assenting to it; these are the lessons we learn,” 
‘from workers in Science.” ‘‘ With all this vigorous manage- 
ment of the negative element, they inspire no scepticism about 
the reality of truth, or indifference to its pursuit. The noblest 
enthusiasm, both for the search after truth and for applying it 
to its highest uses, pervades those writers.” ‘In cultivating, 
therefore,” ‘science as an essential ingredient in education,” 
“‘ we are all the while laying an admirable foundation for ethical 
and philosophical culture.” The habitual attitude of the worker 
in natural science towards truths new and old keeps his mind in 
a state of flux towards all new truth, opens his mind to all new 
enlightenment from whatever source. Sucha mind with a ready 
wakefulness for new truth must of necessity be called cultivated 
as readiness to weigh and consider all truth is characteristic of 
the cultivated mind. 
The error of narrowing down the meaning of the word Science. 
Probably I will be considered venturesome by members of 
my own profession, and by scholars in natural science, when I 
attempt to point out the danger of a limited interpretation of 
the meaning of the word Science. In the older days there used 
to be a phrase bandied about—oazum theologicum, the hatred of 
one school of theology for another—similarly is there not some- 
times an odium professorium, a dislike, a mild dislike if you like, 
of a professor of one kind of science for another? A certain nar- 
' rowness creeps in sometimes as to what true scientific work is, 


WHAT INVESTIGATION IS. 255 


of what science is. We may then consider, first of all, what is 
the really limited, though apparently broad, interpretation of 
the word science as it is used by workers in natural science ; 
then come to a just and comprehensive idea of what is meant by 
science. 

Science, according to the meaning used ordinarily by stu- 
dents and investigators in natural science, and particularly by 
the students of the biological sciences which come under the 
heads of veterinary and human medicine, may perhaps be said 
to be something as follows: ‘“‘a knowledge of the phenomena 
of the Universe, as that which lies about the individual man: 
and of the rules which those phenomena are observed to follow 
in the order of their occurrence, which we term the laws of Na- 
ture.” In a word, science is an exact knowledge of natural 
fact. The knowledge of the facts of natural science is obtained 
by the individual, not from bookishness, but from a direct per- 
ception of the facts and the practical exercise of the observing 
and reasoning faculties upon them. But actual knowledge of 
natural fact may, and often is, confounded with the process by 
which the facts are obtained: we should, therefore, inquire 
what is the process of obtainment. The secret of the acquisi- 
tion of knowledge of natural science consists in proceeding from 
the easy to the difficult, from concrete items of knowledge to 
abstractions or conclusions based upon it. The secret of the 
process consists in the examination of natural phenomena one 
after another to discover their underlying facts and to reduce 
all new facts, all new powers, to their class and their law. So 
in the process of examination of things in nature the student of 
natural science sees the last fibre of organization in nature and 
infers its meaning by his insight. By observation and experi- 
ment the investigator in natural science comes to induction, or 
conclusion, and discovers causation. 

The fault or error of this interpretation of the word science 
and of the scientific process consists in its limitation to natural 
science : so, it may be asked, what is the more just and compre- 
hensive meaning of the word science. From itsetymology, and 


7 


56 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


| 


in its simplest interpretation, the word science means knowl- 
edge. But to be scientific, as now understood, the knowledge 
must have orderly arrangement. The word science cannot now 
be confined to absolute and provable knowledge of natural fact 
systematically arranged, for example it cannot be limited to 
facts in the biological sciences. The word and the process 
have been carried into every sphere of activity where exact 
knowledge is obtainable. The word science, the scientific 
process, the scientific spirit, have been carried into every field 
of activity where the mind of man ranges, so that a myriad of 
sciences, thoroughly as searching in their methods and in their 
call for exact knowledge, have appeared, where the word is used 
quite apart from its limited meaning in the natural sciences. 
Scholars in natural science are apt to forget that in economics, 
in the branches of sociology, to use but two illustrations, the 
stern satisfaction of truth for its own sake equally obtains. 

Scientific progress: meaning of the expansion of knowledge : 

the law of progress. 

If the word science has taken such a large meaning and if 
the scientific spirit has been carried into so many fields of knowl- 
edge—which cannot be denied—we may well reflect upon the 
cause of the change which has permeated all modern thought 
with the scientific spirit : for one aspect of this scientific move- 
ment was the foundation of veterinary colleges and the multi- 
plication of courses of study in them. Mr. Herbert Spencer, 
in his essay: ‘‘ Progress, its Law and Cause,” has expounded 
and laboriously defended this statement of the law of progress. 
“Every active force produces more than one change—every 
cause produces more than one effect.”” We may take this dic- 
tum for granted, for it is everywhere, in natural sciences at 
least, scientifically defensible. The foundation of veterinary 
colleges and the differentiation of the veterinary sciences into a 
variety of studies was only another instance of the appearance 
of the scientific spirit in a comparatively new realm. The cause 
of the change is found in the law of progress. But intellectual 
progress in this, as in all the sciences, will depend upon two 


WHAT INVESTIGATION IS. 257 


things—freedom of thought and a hearty desire for the advance- 
ment of knowledge. No constrained view of what scientific 
work is, of what science is, can do anything but deter either the 
one or the other. In this science, as in all the sciences, it will 
be found that advances will be made by just those men who 
dare to doubt and who stoutly believe in the scientifically incul- 
cated maxim that no statement has a right to be believed until 
it can be maintained beyond all refutation. As every rightful 
pleasure honorably exercised increases vitality, and as the ex- 
ercise of the faculties for the advancement of knowledge is the 
most exhilarating of mental pleasures, scientific progress in vet- 
erinary medicine is assured in America to-day by this form of 
vitality exhibited in the profession. 

The false notion that possession of the screntific spirit excludes 
the possession of other gifts of a high order by the same 
person. 

Nor does the possession of scientific energy and a nature in- 
stinct with the scientific spirit exclude the possession and the 
exercise of other gifts of a high order by the same person. 
There has been at times much odium and rancor aroused by 
the combat of men intensely scientific in their longings and as- 
pirations with men who stood stoutly for classical scholarship 
alone, that the result has been that these very scientists have 
failed to see that both the scientific and the literary gifts often 
enough co-exist in the same persons. Yea, more, have co-exis- 
ted in the very persons who have, as scientists, entered most 
strongly into controversialism with men in literary camps. 
Some of these men have been almost equally eminent in Sci- 
ence and Letters. If the godlike gift of literary expression is 
possessed by a man fraught with the scientific temper his zeal 
in science gives edge to his literary gifts and arouses and dilates 
these faculties to their highest and noblest activity. Who of 
us has forgotten the strenuous life of Professor T. H. Huxley 
of the Royal Society, whose vindication of the cause of Science 
as opposed to Letters, by a sort of irony, won for him an equal 
place in both Science and Letters. He, a great Professor of 


258 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


Comparative Anatomy, and by all odds an investigator of 
the highest gifts, has not lived to-day to see his scientific essays 
studied for literary excellence in the Universities. Herbert 
Spencer, also, who carried the habit of scientific research into 
the abstruse field of speculative philosophy, though his style is 
diffuse, has been turned to by literary scholars for points begot- 
ten of his scientific research in rhetoric: for his scientific essay 
on The Philosophy of Style touched the foundation principles 
of the rhetorical power which is both a science and an art. In 
America, also, was not the autocrat of American Letters, Oliver 
Wendell Holmes, all his life a Professor of Human Anatomy 
in the great Harvard Medical School. Is not David Starr Jor- 
dan, President of Stanford University, alike a scientific investi- 
gator, heart of the heart of Louis Agassiz, as shown in his three 
volumes on North American fishes, and also a writer with many 
graces of expression. Does Dr. James Law of our own profes- 
sion lose any of his zeal for scientific research by his power to 
command respect as a writer? 

We do not need to envy these men who possess the literary 
gift ; rather we should be proud that these men who possess it 
possess also scientific gifts, scientific purposes and bear all 
towards scientific ends; who can patiently seek the truth in the 
science into which they bend their energies, and finding it, can 
speak of it truthfully and yet eloquently. A scientific truth is 
twice a truth when it can be so spoken of that it impresses men. 
We should be all the more on our guard against this false notion 
that the possession of the strongest scientific purposes and the 
instinct of research forbids the possession of a high power of 
expression : for scientific methods of research have had exten- 
sion to all branches of learning in some of which literary power 
is absolutely necessary, in which also the spirit of scientific re- 
search has demonstrated its place. In History :—the Oxford 
Historical School calls itself rightly scientific in its methods for 
it applies the strictest scientific rules for weighing evidence to 
support historical fact. In Literature :—Scientific method 
largely has its sway. In Philosophy :—psychology has become 


WHAT INVESTIGATION IS. 259 


a study of mental phenomena through ingenious scientifically 
devised machines. Conversely renown as a philosopher and 
literary man does not necessarily viciate a man’s habits of pa- 
tient scientific discovery. Huxley was noted both as a man of 
no mean powers asa metaphysician and as a literary man ; yet, 
at the height of his power, when he was honored by the Rec- 
torship of Aberdeen University, he confessed himself nothing 
but a patient researcher in Comparative Anatomy. Huxley 
was not an anatomist of the domesticated animals, but largely 
of the anthropoid apes and of lower marine fauna. Neverthe- 
less his work was the same in kind with our own in veterinary 
anatomy and the eminence to which he arose should have its 
bearing upon our judgment. 

The scientific spirit at work: the methods of science. 

As what holds in investigations in the natural sciences in 
general is true of investigations in veterinary medicine, I shall, 
first of all, propound five axioms which obtain in the natural 
sciences ; then go on to speak in sequence of :—first, the place 
of reason in investigation; second, the place of observation ; 
third, the place of experiment ; fourth, the place of imagination ; 
fifth, the course the intellect passes through in the formation of 
scientific theory ; sixth, the way unanimity is reached by scien- 
tists upon scientific facts. 

The scientific spirit at work has as confines these maxims or 
axioms. First, science must be cultivated not for love of money, 
applause, notoriety or continued fame, but for love of truth: 
knowledge alone is the end. Second, investigation is to be car- 
ried on for precise knowledge of natural fact. Third, the ap- 
peal in every case is not to authority, what anybody may have 
thought or said, but to nature. Fourth, wordings in statements 
of natural fact in all cases are imperfect. The truth is not to 
be sought in the language used to express it; but in the things, 
facts. Fifth, mere assertion outstepping evidence educible from 
nature is criminal. 

The methods employed in scientific research are multiform ; 
nevertheless advances are sought through the channels or meth- 


260 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


ods now to be discussed. First, the employment of reason ; rea- 
son unrestrained and ample in its operation must be allowed if 
the goal of truth is to be reached. Second, observation, ex- 
haustive, detailed, painstaking, is an element in the success of 
all scientific investigation. The original observer is he who 
notices relationships which others have overlooked. Third, ex- 
periment, which is really only artificial observation, is a favor- 
ite method to make nature give voice to her truths. Bnt this 
method has its limitations. The knowledge obtained may be 
scanty and the data obtained insufficient. There may be two 
reasons why experiment may be unsatisfactory ; for the reason 
that the experimenter lacks ingeniousness in devising experi- 
ments ; for the reason that the experimenter may lack appre- 
hension what experiments to try and to what end. But by this 
method of testing nature discoveries may be made, and, when 
made, can always be demonstrated by return to the same meth- 
od devised. Fourthly, there is no boldness necessary to say that 
imagination is necessary in research. This, in science, is that 
power of the mind, well-ordered and disciplined by reason, which 
never turns away from the cold facts found, whereby we form 
conceptions of things in nature which we are investigating and 
proceed to see if the conception tallies with the facts, or the 
facts with the conception. This idea of the scientific imagina- 
tion is far and away from the riotous and capricious exercise of 
the faculty in the sense sometimes used. 

What now, fifthly, is the course the intellect passes through 
in the formation and vindication of scientific theory; and, 
sixthly, how is unanimous agreement reached by scientists on 
scientific facts. A scientific theory is a conception of the human 
mind which, to find force amongst scientific workers, must re- 
ceive verification in the world of nature. When a scientific 
theory has been conceived the theorist proceeds in his thought, 
by a vigorous analysis, to make out what phenomena in the ac- 
tual world must be present and found, if the theory is to be sub- 
stantiated. If, after a vigorous study of phenomena in the ac- 
tual world he finds the phenomena in every case tally with the 


WHAT INVESTIGATION IS. 261 


theory, the presumption is strong in its favor. If in every case 
phenomena in the actual world observed by all other workers 
agree with the theory, its support grows still stronger. When, 
under siniilar conditions, by everyone and everywhere the phe- 
nomena are found to tally with the conception, the theory as- 
sumes the dignity of law and we rightly call it natural law. 

Though the effort of the human mind in the formation and 
substantiation of a scientific theory represents a great exhibition 
of intellectual power; though the course the intellect passes 
through is a difficult one, the difficulty is enhanced by what 
must occur before there can be perfect agreement of scientists 
upon its truthfulness. Usually many theories are presented to 
substantiate a set of phenomena. Numerous independent seekers 
for truth carry out their researches according to varied methods. 
Each has zeal for his own theory. The theory which more 
nearly covers the truths must gradually enforce its own adop- 
tion. By a process of elimination of error and a more and more 
wide substantiation of a single theory, agreement is reached at 
last. 

Science and the applications of science: the relationship of scten- 
tific discovery to practical usefulness. 

Upon nothing has there been such a mass of footless talk 
and silly writing as upon what is called ‘‘ pure and applied sci- 
ence.’? There is something of a sneer implied by the so-called 
practical people, who take advantage of the discoveries of pa- 
tient investigators for private fortune, in their babble about 
“pure science,” which is exasperating. In the profession of 
veterinary medicine who has not heard the remark, ‘‘ he is very 
good in science; but no good in practice.” The opinion seems 
to prevail amongst the shallow-minded that the greatest stock 
of scientific knowledge isa bar to personal, practical usefulness. 
Moreover, if the veterinary scholar has a particular penchant 
for research and pursues it at his leisure, let us say, with a 
furious ardor the zest is thought to be all the more disastrous 
to his practical utility.. The worst of it is it sometimes turns 
out to be true, in which case there is reason for a smile. How- 


262 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


ever were it not that in France, Germany, England and Ameri- 
ca the famous practitioners have all been avowedly men of wide 
knowledge of the facts of the veterinary sciences for which they 
are largely under obligation to researchers, and are themselves 
always seeking the newest facts from the latest researchers and 
themselves carry on many private researches, the stigma would 
be excruciating. We may now, therefore, with wisdom, point 
out the obligations of the appliers of scientific fact to the dis- 
coverers of scientific fact. 

There are three classes of workers in science: those who 
aim to discover truths of nature, who make it their vocation by 
patience and persistence to unfold the truths of nature for the 
truth’s own sake; those who lay hold of and disseminate these 
truths, whose vocation is to teach the truths obtained by the 
investigators ; those who lay hold of the truths and apply them 
in the trades, in the manufactures, in the mercantile arts, in the 
scientific professions for personal aggrandizement, for the safety, 
the comfort or the luxury of mankind. 

We in America are so carried away with joy in our material 
progress, largely obtained by the application of scientific knowl- 
edge to practical utility that we are apt to forget the obligations 
we owe to the patient, unselfish toilers in scientific research, 
whose labors, carried on through centuries, anteceded the ap- 
plication of the knowledge they accumulated and without which 
no application would have been thought of or would have been 
possible. We boast the invention of the electric telegraph, for- 
getting the accumulated facts obtained in silent research which 
allowed their application to invention, of Volto who discovered 
the source of electricity, of Faraday who discovered the relation 
of magnetism to electricity, of Ohm who discovered the voltaic 
circuit, of Ampére who discovered means of measuring electric 
power. We ignore the work of the quiet, silent researchers at 
our peril: for any advances in the ascertainment of scientific 
fact must always antedate their application in practical utility. 
Similarly in the profession of medicine we talk loudly of sepsis 
and are careful to show ourselves scientific by utilizing our 


WHAT INVESTIGATION IS. 263 


knowledge of it, forgetting Lister and his discoveries, forgetting 
the observations, the researches which led to the adoption of the 
principle of antiseptic surgery and gaged the antiseptic value of 
drugs. We talk loudly of infection, forgetting that the very 
word has wrapped up in it the whole history of bacteriology, the 
youngest and mightiest biological science applied in medicine. 
It has taken thousands of researches to insure exact knowledge 
at every step this science has made in discovery of an etiologi- 
cal factor in a bacterial disease : yet medicine has had to halt 
and wait until bacteriology had decided upon the truth of each 
specific factor before it could adopt the truth and apply it pro- 
fessionally. You who forget how those who apply the truths 
which patient research obtains have labored, should listen to 
the words of Cuvier, himself a comparative anatomist, than 
-whom no greater scientist has arisen in France: ‘‘ These grand 
practical innovations are the mere applications of trnths of a 
higher order, not sought witha practical intent, but which were 
pursued for their own sake and solely through an ardor for 
knowledge. Those who applied them could not have discovered 
them ; those who discovered them had no inclination to pursue 
them to a practical end. Engaged in the high regions whither 
their thoughts had carried them, they hardly perceived these 
practical issues, though born of their own deeds. These rising 
workshops, these peopled colonies, those ships which furrow the 
seas—this abundance, this luxury, this tumult—all this comes 
from the discoveries of science, and it all remains strange to 
them. At the point where science merges into practice, they 
abandon it, it concerns them no more.” 

Investigation a question of motive. 

The question of whether a piece of work undertaken is 
scientific or not simmers down into a question of motive ; and 
the truth of this is brought out strongly by contrasting the ob. 
jects of studying science of the medizevals and moderns respec- 
tively. 

The whole strength, such as it was, of the medieval mind 
was directed to using the objects of external nature in support 


264 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


of theological dogma. The only thought the medizeval scholar 
had in directing attention to the actual world was to illustrate 
some doctrine of the Church and enforce it for the advantage of 
discipline and control of the faithful. Strange freaks did their 
riotous imaginations make of external objects. At once pitiable 
and amusing is this exhibition of their motive displayed in their 
religious books. Curiosity, the desire to pry into things, was 
the devil working in men for the ruin of their souls. Andrew 
Dickson White, in his Warfare of Science with Theology, Chap. 
XIX, Pt. 2, says: ‘‘Asa matter of course in the early Church 
and throughout the Middle Ages all such studies in nature were 
cast in a theologic mould. Without some purpose of biblical 
illustration or spiritual edification they were considered futile ; 
too much prying into the secrets of Nature was very generally 
held to be dangerous both to body and soul.” ‘In place of re- 
search came authority—the authority of the Scriptures as inter- 
preted by the Physiologus and the Bestiaries—and these re- 
mained the principal source of thought on animated Nature for 
over a thousand years.” ‘ Like all else in the Middle Ages this 
sacred science. was developed purely by theological methods. 
Neglecting the wonders which the dissection of the commonest 
animals would have afforded them, these naturalists attempted 
to throw light into nature by ingenious use of scriptural texts, 
by research among the lives of the saints, and by the plentiful 
application of metaphysics. Hence even such strong men as St. 
Isodore of Seville treasured up accounts of the unicorn and 
dragons mentioned in the Scriptures and of the phoenix and basi- 
lisk in profane writings. Hence such contributions to knowl- 
edge as that the basilisk kills serpents by its breath and men by 
its glance, that the lion when pursued effaces his tracks with 
the ends of his tail, that the pelican nourishes her young with 
her own blood, that serpents lay aside their venom before drink- 
ing, that the salamander quenches fire, that the hyena can talk 
with shepherds, that certain birds are born of the fruit of a cer- 
tain tree when it happens to fall into the water, with other 
masses of science equally valuable.”’ 


WHAT INVESTIGATION IS. 265 


What a contrast is the modern motive for questioning Na- 
ture. The motive for studying natural science is solely to 
question Nature, to find out her secret, hidden, elusive work- 
ings. The purpose is a faultless regard for and search for truth 
and examination for the truth only. The motive of the inqui- 
rer is tested by the following criteria: 1, has the inquirer hu- 
mility of spirit “gladly would he learn and gladly teach ;”’ for 
the quiet submissiveness is characteristic of the learner, the 
searcher; 2, freedom from bigotry, willingness to change his 
mind unhesitatingly under new light; 3, earnestness, a noble 
enthusiasm for enlightenment; 4, fearlessness which proclaims 
the truth when found and stands for it come what may ; 5, self- 
sacrifice, for he of proper motive is willing to endure all and do 
all for the truth’s sake; 6, doubt, honest doubt, freedom from 
gullibility at any turn. 

The right of free inquiry in Science now unquestioned both at 

‘the Universities and outside of them. 

The Universities must be the places where the free inquiry 
into the truths of Nature must be encouraged. The spirit of 
the place, the spirit of the men, the books, the laboratories, the 
appliances all are a spur and an encouragement to investigation. 
But it must not be forgotten that the Universities have not an 
embargo on science; that truth is not entrenched there, nor 
there to be sought alone. Nor must it be forgotten that the 
tight of free inquiry in Science at the Universities, now un- 
questioned, is of recent origin. Men like Huxley and Spencer, 
who have but recently passed from amongst us, had to fight 
royal battles in support of this right which now goes unques- 
tioned, and to plead with gifts of tongue and pen for the ad- 
mission of natural science and its methods to the Universities. 
Andrew Dickson White, who is still amongst us, hed to fight 
for two decades after the foundation of Cornell University that 
free inquiry in science be unopposed, and was in constant im- 
broglio with fanatics on this question. The right of free in- 
quiry in science has prevailed, the time-spirit accords with this 
principle alike outside the Universities and within them. This 


266 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


is a great concession to science. How great a concession it is 
will not be seen by all. Ability to comprehend scientific truth 
depends upon possession of scientific gifts and their develop- 
ment. Those who are not scientifically disposed are scientifi- 
cally blind: eyes have they and see not; ears have they and 
hear not, neither do they understand. But to those who have 
the scientific spirit and who are capable of exercising scientific 
faculty enough to see the truth as it is, the right of free inquiry 
in Science, now unquestioned, is a great battle won. 

How the frée play of the scientific spirit has influenced the de- 

velopment of the veterinary sciences. 

A science remains undeveloped in proportion to its inde- 
pendence: as soon as it is perceived that sciences have inter- 
dependence at that moment their development begins. This 
has been true of the relation discovered of the veterinary sciences 
to medicine. ‘The study of veterinary medicine in America as a 
branch of natural science is hardly more than forty years old. 
At that time, forty years ago, there was gross ignorance among 
the people on infections ; that was before the formation of the 
Bureau of Animal Industry, when hardly a veterinary college 
was to be found in the land. With the recognition of the 
tights of research and the free play of the scientific spirit every- 
where came the recognition of the value of the veterinary sci- 
ences to national wealth and public health. Shortly there 
came an alliance of veterinary faculties with State institutions 
for the furtherance of these State interests. This alliance 
brought about a further consummation which was devoutly to 
be wished, a change in conditions of veterinary study. The 
alliance of veterinary faculties with State institutions and the 
foundation of veterinary chairs at State institutions allows the 
pursuance of veterinary training at places where the freest sci- 
entific inquiry is fostered: it has brought to light the multi- 
plicity of the veterinary sciences as biological studies and their 
necessary coordination into a single profession. ‘The scientific 
atmosphere in which a student is placed at such institutions, 
therefore inspires him, if that capacity is within him, with the 


— Se ee TC, 


WHAT INVESTIGATION IS. 267 


spirit of research. Again, if the expansion of intelligence is 

possible in him, by virtue of the multiplicity of studies, in the 

course through which he has to pass, his scientific horizon is 

widened so that he cannot help but recognize the value and ne- 

cessity of research. 

The question “what investigation 1s,” which looks simple, is 
really complex. 

The question, ‘ what investigation is,” which seems so sim- 
ple, is, on analysis, not so simple as it seems. Like many 
another simple question its answer involves great complexity. 
The other question, ‘the meaning of scientific investigation in 
the veterinary sciences” is equally as involved. The answers 
to both resolve themselves into a question of motive. What is 
the motive of the investigator? What spirit animates him? 
What are his purposes? We judge these things by the outcome 
of the work, by the product. The word science can hardly be 
confined to the natural sciences, nor the scientific spirit confined 
to labor in natural science. If the purpose of the investigator 
is a faultless regard for truth, then the scientific spirit, beyond 
all refutation, is present. If the outcome of the investigation, 
or the result of the faultless pursuit of truth, is fact undoubted 
by all men of sufficient intelligence to recognize the validity 
of the truth obtained, the investigation has been a scientific one, 
and the conclusion is scientific knowledge. 

At least everyone will grant this is the interpretation of the 
meaning of investigation in the natural sciences. Let us carry 
this interpretation into the veterinary sciences which are all 
branches of natural science. Now will appear the reason why 


_I have, in this paper, taken this circuitous route to come to my 


conclusions. The object of any investigation in any branch of 
natural science, including any branch of veterinary science, is 
the advancement of knowledge or the ascertainment of new 
facts in that science. How is this advancement of knowledge 
to be made? How are the new facts to be obtained? In my 
discussion of the methods of science and the process the scientific 
mind passes through I treated, tentatively, of the construction 


26 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


io 6) 


of theories in science as a means of explanation of phenomena. 
We may now analyze scientific theory in another way, or at 
least look at it from another viewpoint. 
The changeableness of scientific theory. 

The late Professor Henry Drummond of Glasgow University 
used to say that, at least at the end of every five years, the great 
majority of scientific papers and books should be relegated to 
the top shelf or the dust heap: for so rapid are the advances in 
science and so changeable is scientific theory that constant re- 
adjustment must be made of statement to suit new facts. Since 
the removal of the ban upon curiosity there has been a constant 
reformation of theory to suit newly ascertained facts. Much of 
the explanation of ascertained facts in natural science is hypoth- 
esis or theory which may be upset by new facts to-morrow. 
Theory is so changeable as to seldom reach the dignity and un- 
questionableness of natural law. Yet the ascertainment of sci- 
entific fact and its theoretical explanation constitutes an impor- 
tant part of scientific work. In the work of natural science the 
theory formed to explain ascertained facts may not only be over- 
turned by new knowledge but, in scientific discussion, it may 
be adjudged unsound as explanation of facts originally obtained. 
A variety of theories may be advanced to explain scientific facts. 
To-day one theory may prevail: to-morrow another. Hence we 
find Robert Koch in the seventies obtaining the agreement, ap- 
parently, of the scientific world, that bovine tuberculosis and 
human tuberculosis are caused by one and the same germ, in no 
way to be differentiated in bacteriological appearance ; hence, 
in 1901, we find him taking the opposite view and advancing 
the theory that the bacilli of each disease are differentiable from 
one another, and there is no danger from intercommunicability. 

As many theories may be advanced to explain scientific fact 
are not the men who advance these theories, which to them 
suitably explain facts they obtain, original investigators? Cer- 
tainly! Following Koch’s statements in 1901 came a whole 
snowstorm of pamphlets containing the results of innumerable 
investigations carried on by scientific men the world over which 


WHAT INVESTIGATION IS. 269 


tended to disprove his new theory. Are not all these independ- 
ent workers original investigators? All are ardently studying 
facts or reaching forth for new ones. All are investigating and 
theorizing. Various facts are discovered. Various theories are 
raised to explain facts. Hence the babble. From the midst of 
the babble will be produced, as a result of the ardor of the in- 
vestigators with varied theories, a body of facts regarding the 
disease, agreeable or not agreeable to the notion of transmission 
of the disease from animals to man, which, in statement com- 
pletely corroborated, will assume the dignity of natural 
law. 

What shall we judge to be scientific tnvestigation tn the veter- 
tnary sciences: In what shall the subject matter consist ; 
What form shall it take. 

Scientific investigation in a branch of veterinary science is 
the ardent pursuit by whatever method of new facts in that 
science. This definition needs explanation, perhaps emenda- 
tion. The results may be positive or negative. The emphasis 
should be placed on the words ardent pursuzt. For, eveu though 
the results of a piece of research, carried out with ardor, may be 
negative, the work was none the less an investigation while the 
scientific temper prevailed. Think of the disease tuberculosis 
as a subject for investigation at the present time. Consider for 
a moment some of the unsettled questions pertaining to the dis- 
ease, and some of the methods which must be employed by 
scientific investigators before these questions are settled. 

The two main questions upon which it is vain to think there 
is agreement are: Can bovine tuberculosis be transmitted to 
man with a probable result that he will eventually die of the 
disease ; Can human tuberculosis be transmitted to cattle with 
a probable result that the disease transmitted will be fatal? The 
second question is largely a matter of observation and experi- 
ment. But the first question is largely a matter of observation 
alone. To experiment in this case would be a crime punish- 
able as murder. The reliance must be in statistics. Agree- 
ment of scientists on these questions, how shall it be brought 


270 D. ARTHUR HUGHES. 


about. In the second question the course is easy, corroborative 
experiments will bring agreement. Mark, though, that the 
work of each man in experimentation and observation, whether 
or not the evidence he produces is corroborative, is originai in- 
vestigation. In the first question the observations of physicians 
and other scientists of cases of supposed transmission of the dis- 
ease from animals to man must be collected. The work of col- 
lectors of such data, the criticism of it and of conclusions drawn, 
is in the strictest way scientific investigation and the conclusions 
are in the strictest sense scientific conclusions. For no other 
method in this case can be devised by science to form the con- 
clusions. This illustrates the multiplicity of methods which 
may be employed in investigations in natural science to come 
to valid scientific conclusions. 

In what shall the subject-matter of an investigation in vet- 
erinary science consist? If we turn to my favorite subject of 
pathology we may see that the answer to even this is not sim- 
ple. Consider the question of rabies. What is the etiological 
factor (cause) of rabies? How are the changes in the nervous 
system in rabies caused? What, histologically, are these 
changes? In each of these questions which will be ultimately 
investigated and answers determined, various branches of vet- 
erinary medicine :—physiology, histology, bacteriology, are in- 
extricably interfused. The subject-matter of each question may 
take many phases according to the personality of the investiga- 
tor, the phase of each question which may appeal to him. Each 
phase reveals problem beneath problem, though the young in- 
vestigator does not realize this until he is at work. The search 
for new facts may involve only a part of each question. The 
solution of any of the questions will likely come from the work- 
ing over, research, in each phase of the subject-matter by many 
hands and many minds before a settlement will be made of any 
question. 

Where shall investigation tn the veterinary sciences be done ? 
By whom shall ct be done ? 
In my discussion of the place the colleges and universities 


WHAT INVESTIGATION IS. 271 


hold in the fostering and continuation of research, it may ap- 
pear that I believe them to be a sort of repository of truth, or 
the one place where the truths of nature may be sought out. 
No conclusion could be more ridiculous. Research may be car- 
tied on outside the university as well as in it. Galileo’s dis- 
covery of the moons of Jupiter, the investigations of Coper- 
nicus and Kepleroverthrowing the Ptolemaic theory in astrono- 
my, were done away from colleges and without the aid of costly 
apparatus. In our day inventions, which are applications of 
facts of science to mechanical utility, are, almost to the last one, 
done away from colleges. The new facts in infections must be 
observed by investigators who cannot be in touch with labora- 
tory appliances. The work of Jenner, in his simple and imme- 
diate observations as a physician, was the beginning of our pres- 
ent elaborate knowledge of toxins and antitoxins. 

The wide application of the term scientific investigation. 

The term scientific investigation has a far wider meaning 
than is commonly put forth forit. Students of natural science, 
and particularly students of the veterinary sciences, should be 
on their guard against narrowing the meaning of scientific in- 
vestigation toa meagre portion of laboratory work. The term 
hasa far grander meaning thanthat. Multitudes of observations 
leading to the most important conclusions in natural science 
have been made without the aid of any laboratory appliances 
whatever. The observations of Charles Darwin which are re- 
vealed in his works, The Origin of Species, and The Descent of 
Man and his conclusions on natural selection were made with- 
out any such artificial aids. Agree or not agree, as we may, on 
what are the mental or moral characteristics of the investigator, 
in natural science, or in any other science where exact knowl- 
edge is to be looked for and found—in manufactures, in the in- 
dustries, as well as in more abstruse subjects like philosophy, 
where the scientific mind of Herbert Spencer successfully had 
its play, in all, what crownsa man an investigator is love of truth 
for its own sake, the pursuit of exact knowledge unflinchingly. 
We look only for ‘‘ things as they are.” The investigator’s ideal 


272 L. PEARSON AND S. H. GILLILAND. 


is aptly expressed by Rudyard Kipling in the last lines of 
L‘Envoi : 
‘Only the master shall praise us, 

And only the master shall blame ; 

And no one shall work for money, 

And no one shall work for fame ; 

But all for the joy of the working, 

Each in his particular star ; 

We shall paint the things as we see them, 

For the God of things as they are.”’ 


THE EFFECT OF TUBERCULOSIS VACCINATION UPON 
CATTLE INFECTED WITH TUBERCULOSIS.* 
By LEONARD PEARSON, B. S., V. M. D., 
State Veterinarian of Pennsylvania, 
Sy Jal ee Wie MIDs AWE 1D 


Bacteriologist of the State Livestock Sanitary Board of Pennsylvania. 


During recent years a large amount of work has been done 
by Koch, Trudeau, de Schweinitz, von Behring, Maragliano, 
Fraenkel, and others, for the purpose of discovering and develop- 
ing a specific treatment for tuberculosis. This work has taken 
various directions, and has included experiments wherein the 
toxins of tubercle bacilli have been administered and experiments 
wherein antitoxins found in the blood of animals that have been 
treated with toxins have been used. ‘Toxins of various kinds 
have been employed ; from the original and new tuberculin of 
Koch to the toxalbumin, the watery tuberculin, the tubercle 
bacilli deprived of fat of Maragliano, and bacillary pulp. 

The antitoxins that have been used have been developed as 
a result of the injection of the various toxins mentioned above, 
and also living tubercle bacilli of low virulence. 

The reports of the therapeutic experiments made upon in- 
fected animals with tuberculosis toxins and antitoxins are 


1 Read before the Pathological Society of Philadelphia, Dec. 22, 1904. 


EFFECT OF TUBERCULOSIS VACCINATION UPON CATTLE. pay i} 


numerous, but cannot be regarded as convincing. Most of these 
experiments have been made upon rabbits and guinea-pigs. 
Neither rabbits nor guinea-pigs are altogether satisfactory for 
experiments of this kind ; the former because of their compara- 
tive immunity to tubercle bacilli of the human type, the latter 
on account of their excessive vulnerability to.inoculation tuber- 
culosis of either of the mammalian types. Enough work has 
been done to denote that the progress of a tuberculous infection 
may be controlled in some degree by specific means. It is im- 
portant that these various methods shall be compared and meas- 
ured both quantitatively and qualitatively. There is here a 
large and important field of labor for the critical experimen- 
talist. 

Among the means that have been proposed for controlling 
the spread of tuberculosis among cattle is vaccination, or the 
inoculation of animals with living cultures of tubercle bacilli of 
low virulence for the animals upon which they are inoculated. 
This method of producing artificial immunity has been the sub- 
ject of considerable study both in this country and in Europe, 
and has been reported upon to this Society by the writers of 
this paper. 

In connection with some tuberculosis vaccination experi- 
ments made by the writers, the opportunity occurred to test the 
effect of vaccination upon some young cattle already infected 
with tuberculosis. As this treatment appears to have had a de- 
cided effect upon the course of the disease in the infected ani- 
mals treated, it is considered that our observations should be 
placed upon record, especially since the work covered nearly 
two years, long enough to show definite results, and is the first 
of the sort of which we have knowledge. 

In testing with tuberculin a large herd of shorthorn and 
grade shorthorn cattle in December, 1902, that was known to 
have been infected with tuberculosis for a number of years, it 
was found that practically all of the members of the herd re- 
sponded affirmatively to the test. Among the animals so respond- 
ing were twelve calves from six to eight months old. As these 


274 L. PEARSON AND S. H. GILLILAND. 


calves had mingled rather freely with the members of the herd, 
and as they had been reared on the milk of extensively tuber- 
culous cows, it was not surprising to find that they responded 
to the tuberculin test. These twelve calves were obtained for 
use in this experiment. They were shipped to Philadelphia 
and were placed in a temporary building on the grounds of the 
veterinary school, where they were kept apart from other cattle. 

The twelves calves were again tested with tuberculin Feb- 
ruary 2, 3, 1903. All responded to this test. They were then 
weighed and divided into two lots, of six each, as nearly equal 
as possible in respect to age, size, weight, and condition. One 
of these lots was subdivided into two groups of three each. 

The three calves of one of the sub-groups were given seven 
intravenous injections of a standard suspension’ in water of tu- 
bercle bacilli of human type (culture M). The dosage began 
at I c.c. and was increased to 6c.c. The intervals between in- 
jections were from six to twenty days, and the period covered 
was from February 9 to May 1, 1903, as is shown by the proto- 
cols. ‘These same calves received another and final intravenous 
injection of 5 c.c. of a standard suspension of living tubercle 
bacilli (culture M) about a year later, March 29, 1904. 

The three calves of the second sub-group were given sub- 
cutaneous injections of tuberculin at intervals of from two to 
ten days. The injections of tuberculin were repeated until the 
hypersensitiveness of the animal to tuberculin had disappeared, 
after which the calves received an intravenous injection of a 
suspension of tubercle bacilli (culture M) in water. Following 
each intravenous injection of living tubercle bacilli, the animal 
was again given tuberculin a number of times until its hyper- 
sensitiveness to tuberculin again disappeared. The procedure 
in these cases in respect to the order of the injections of tuber- 


1 By a standard suspension is here meant a suspension of tubercle bacilli in water, in 
such quantity as to give an opacity equal to that of a twenty-four-hour culture of typhoid 
bacilli in bouillon ; 1 c.c. of such a suspension is estimated to contain the equivalent of 
0.0013 gram of tubercle bacilli dried ten days in a desiccating chamber over calcium 
chloride. 


EFFECT OF TUBERCULOSIS VACCINATION UPON CATTLE. 275 


culin bacilli was as follows: Two subcutaneous injections of 
tuberculin, an intravenous injection of tubercle bacilli, six in- 
jections of tuberculin, an injection of tubercle bacilli, six injec- 
tions of tuberculin, an injection of tubercle bacilli, three injec- 
tions of tuberculin. The period of treatment extended from 
February 9 to April 30, 1903, inclusive ; the exact times of ad- 
ministration and the doses are shown by the protocols. The 
calves of this group, as of the first group described, were given 
an intravenous injection of 5 c.c. of standard suspension of liv- 
ing tubercle bacilli (culture M) March 29, 1904. Following 
this, tuberculin was administered five tines at intervals of three 
or four days. 

The remaining six calves were given no treatment what- 
ever, but were, at all times, kept with the six calves under 
treatment; so that all of the twelve calves in this experiment 
were subjected to the same conditions of life and subsisted upon 
the same kind and quantity of food. 

All of the calves were kept in a stable until May 29, 1903, 
when they were placed upon pasture, which became very scanty 
during the latter part of the season. During the winter of 1903- 
04 the cattle were fed mixed hay, corn fodder, and a grain mix- 
ture of bran and corn meal. Only a little grain was fed. About 
the middle of May, 1904, the cattle (now about two years old) 
were again placed on pasture, where they remained until they 
were killed at the close of the experiment. 

Two cattle, both controls, died; the first one May 5, 1903; 
the second September 13, 1904; two, one control and one 
treated, were killed April 4, 1904, and the rest were killed in 
September, 1904. 

When the cattle in this experiment died or were killed they 
were submitted to careful post-mortem examination. Material 
was stained for examination for tubercle bacilli and guinea-pigs 
were inoculated from the lesions of some of them. Histologi- 
cal examinations of the lesions were made by Dr. C. Y. White, 
to whom we are greatly indebted for reports upon his examina- 
tions. 


276 L. PEARSON AND S. H. GILLILAND. 


The treatments and post-mortems are summarized in the fol- 
lowing protocols : 
First Group.—TZhree calves that received intravenous in- 
jections of tubercle bacilli alone. 
Fic. 1.—Red Bull (16,013). 


1902. December 1g. 0.1 c.c. tuberculin ; reaction. 


1903. February 2. 0.8 c.c. ot oe to 106,2° F. 

: se 9. 0.0013 grm. human tubercle bacilli, intravenously. 

«6 1s 0.0032 3 6 «e as a3 

«¢ March 2.=0:00390) +5 a ne ‘ ut 

ae ile 0.0039 ae oe ce oe ae 

a April 4. 0.0052 a as ay 66 3 

“ec Io 0.0065 a ve a v6 oe 

ce May Th 0.0078 ce “6 oe oe ce 


1904. March 29...0,0005) 4. a ek ait ai 
‘«  Septemberrs5. Killed 


FIG. I. 
Right lung. Left bronchial gland. 


Necropsy.—Weight 643 pounds ; fair condition. The lesions 
of tuberculosis found in this animal were as follows; At the 
lower border of the middle lobe of the right lung was a 
slightly depressed area about one-half inch in diameter contain- 
ing a collecton of thick yellow pus filling a cavity the size of a 
large pea. The walls of this cavity are one-eighth of an inch 
thick, white, and of firm, dense texture. In one of the left 
peribronchial glands there is a caseocalcareous nodule about the 
size of a pea and having the appearance of a wholly closed pro- 
cess. Guinea-pigs inoculated from a lesion in the lung became 
tuberculous. 

Fic. 2.—Ked-and-white Bull (16,017). 


1902. December Ig. 0.1 ¢c.c. tuberculin; reaction. 
1903. February 2. 0.8 c.c. a a to 105.6° F. 


EFFECT OF TUBERCULOSIS VACCINATION UPON CATTLE. 20% 


1903. February 9g. 0.0013 grm. human tubercle bacilli, intravenously. 
ce ae ihee 0.00325 a3 “cc ee of ay 


te March. 2... 9.0026,“ ES Ke 

< oe Zit O-0029~ ~< 

Si Aprit Ae O.0052" - e 

cs «s 10. 0.0065 ‘ “s os of “e 
~~ May ¥. 0.0078: ‘ ay 


1904. March 29. 0.0065 ‘' 
‘« September 15. Killed. 


FIG. 2. 
Postpharyngeal gland. 
Left bronchial! gland. 
Mediastinal gland, middle and posterior. 


Necropsy.—Weight 467 pounds ; good condition. The fol- 
lowing lesions of tuberculosis were found: In one of the left 
peribronchial glands a yellow, caseous area one-tenth of an inch 
in diameter. Inthe posterior mediastinal gland there is an area 
the size of a pea, yellow in color and quite calcareous, sur- 
rounded by a white, dense capsule. In the middle mediastinal 
gland there is a similar area, though much smaller, being but 
one-twelfth of an inch in diameter. In one of the postpharyn- 
geal glands there is a caseocalcareous area one-half of an inch 
in diameter, surrounded by an unusually thick, dense, white 
fibrous wall. The caseous collection contains many calcareous 
grains. ‘There are also in this gland three other similar areas, 
much smaller, about one-eighth of an inch in diameter, and 
each is surrounded by a dense capsule. In addition to this evi- 
dence of tuberculosis it was observed that both lungs, although 
generally well inflated, were heavy, soggy, somewhat leathery 
and without elasticity. There were some small areas where the 
tissues were contracted and dense. Histologically these areas 
show numerous dense bands of connective tissue. The blood- 
vessels are very much thickened. In limited areas some of the 


78 L. PEARSON AND S. H. GILLILAND. 


2 


smaller ones are almost obliterated. Some of the smaller sub- 
lobules show the lung tissue to be collapsed or organized. ‘The 
peribronchial lymphatic tissue is increased and the pleura is 
thickened. There is no caseation or evidence of a tubercular 
process excepting as above noted. Guinea-pigs inoculated with 
the caseocalcareous material from the thoroughly encapsulated 
lesions in the postpharyngeal glands became tuberculous. 


Fic. 3.—Roan Heifer (16,021). 


1902. December Ig. 0.1 c.c. tuberculin ; reaction. 
1903. February 2. 0.08 c.c. oS Ee to 106° F. 
g. 0.0013 grm. human tubercle bacilli, intravenously. 


“ [3:2 ©:0020)) us oe as a SAS 
March 2. OF0026" <' as oe Bs 
e 2 O%OO2 ON ts. 7 ss a 
April A. o,0052. -“ es ef “S mo 
v LO; 10;0052,.5. iS de 
‘¢ May i OL OO65% HE" Be sit Y 
1904. March 29:10400605, : : : ot 


ss september 15.) Killed: 


e Py ¢ 

aS mt Y hm Y a ———e ¢ = 

ed ; | | 

Fe fe i | 

‘ } i 

jem, Ay: wa Be gy / i 

{= 4 f aa \ 

fit { 1/\ / \ i\| )\ ft 

st I {i EN 
BN en ow: 7 To ay 

FIG. 3. Left lung. 


Left bronchial gland. 

Necropsy.—Weight 465 pounds; good condition. The evi- 
dence of tuberculosis here consists in a very dense condition of 
the lower half of the posterior flap of the anterior lobe of the 
left lung, which is attached to the posterior lobe and to the peri- 
cardium and the diaphragm. ‘This dense mass consists of a 
very thick wall of fibrous tissue surrounding a sequestrum of 
lung tissue, about one and a half inches in its anteroposterior 
and two and a half inches in its vertical diameter. Above this 
mass the lung tissue of the anterior lobe contains an excessive 
quantity of fibrous tissue appearing as white bands between the 
lobules. These bands are quite firm and are from one-eighth to 


EFFECT OF TUBERCULOSIS VACCINATION UPON CATTLE. 279 


one-quarter of an inch wide. The parenchyma surrounded by 
these bands is studded with fine dots and lines of white, consist- 
ing of fibrous tissue. Above this sclerotic zone the lung tissue 
is elastic and pink. There are nowhere nodules or caseous 
areas, excepting in one of the left peribronchial glands which 
contains a caseocalcareous nodule the size of a pea. 

There is reason to believe that in this animal there has been 
an extensive area of tuberculous tissue in the lower portion of 
the anterior lobe of the left lung. This area appears to have 
become encysted and the lung tissue above to have been the seat 
of numerous small tubercles which were transformed into scar 
tissue and appear now very much hardened and contracted. 

SECOND GRouP.—Three calves which received intravenous 


injections of tubercle bacilli alternating with repeated subcu- 


taneous ~njections of tuberculin. 


Fic. 4.—Red-and-white Heifer (16,015). 
1902. December Ig. 0.1 c.c. tuberculin; reaction. 
1903. February 2. 0.8 c.c. - es to 105.8° F. 


= - Oael-O:.e.C; ee “s to 102.8° F. 
of ES ce h. 5 C:¢: oe me to 103.0° BE: 

a 18. 0.0026 grm. human tubercle bacilli, intravenously. 
ee 222 f_ore.c> tuberculin ; reaction to 103.0° F. 
a 2A, T55 C.C. MG se to: £02.62 FE. 
March Be 2-0) Cxe. Us oC to 104.6° F. 
“ 2. esc; &f cs to 102.8° F. 
ae eieee3e Ore: CG; Zf eS £0.103.0° F. 
sf Tit seals OLE ae ns £0 103.02 F: 

rs 21. 0.0039 grm. human tubercle bacilli, intravenously. 
ee 27 t.o.c.c. tuberculin ; reaction to 103.0° F-. 
20. 985 e.c. ch a to £03-/02°E: 
1903. April 5. 2.0¢c.c. tuberculin; reaction to 102.6° F. 
Le O.725-C.C. 4 gi ton 10232 °F. 
ae LOoe3-Oe:C: “s oF to 104.0° F. 
f: Fors 5 Cc: as “8 to’ 1023-60578. 

ie 18. 0.0052 grm. human tubercle bacilli, intravenously. 

cp 23. 0.5 c.c. tuberculin ; reaction to 104.6° F. 
ot 2 EeOie.C: 2 ae to’ 1O2.625E" 
*f BOs 220: C.C: ve ee to 103.6" F. 


1904. March 29. 0.0065 grm. human tubercle bacilli, intravenously. 


280 


L. 


PEARSON AND S. H. 


GILLILAND. 


1904. April 


ae 


‘* September 


Necropsy.—Weight 566 pounds ; good condition. 


1.0 c.c. tuberculin ; 
2.0 C.Cc. 
BO 'esC; AS 


= 4.02: a 
5 52O1C.ce 7 


Killed. 


FIG. 4. 


reaction to 
ss to 

sf to 
to 
PENA JOS EEO 


Left bronchial gland. 


The only 


evidence of tuberculosis in this animal is a calcareous nodule 
one-eighth of an inch in diameter situated in one of the left 


peribronchial glands. 


This nodule is sharply differentiated 


from the surrounding adjacent, quite normal glandular tissue, 
and has the appearance of a completely closed process. Guinea- 
pigs inoculated with an emulsion of this nodule developed tu- 


berculosis. 
Fic. 5.—Red-and-white Heifer (16,0109). 
1902. December 1g. 0.1 c.c. tuberculin ; reaction. 
1903. February 2. 0.8 c.c. oe ‘ to 105.6° F. 
“5 ie 9-2 L-Oree: e to 103.4° F. 
Ze ‘i 1A El Ey cao uf as to 102.8° F. 
aS of 18. 0.0026 grm. human tubercle bacilli, intravenously. 
ae ae 22. 1.0 c.c. tuberculin; reaction to 104.0° F. 
43 as 2a 5 e. of v 1O°103.82eke 
as March Ae 2- 0 1Cse: pe re to 103.8° F. 
se os O52 O1Cre: ke i £0) 7102 one 
Re is ie 350 CC: e e to 104.2° F. 
PEARSON AND GILLILAND 
1903. March 14. 3.5 c.c. tuberculin; reaction to 103.8° F. 
ne be 21. 0.0039 grm. human tubercle bacilli, intravenously. 
a ee 27. 1.0c.c. tuberculin; reaction to 104.6° F. 
fe He ZOE hee ZS ft to 102.6° F. 
“Apri ea 2. OC5e * a to 102.8° F. 
af a 77225, ¢.¢ ef h TOMLO2: 2. ae 
oe bis LO; 53).0)¢.C - A £0) TO2'G che 


— = = 


oe a a 


a. ee 7) 


EFFECT OF TUBERCULOSIS VACCINATION UPON CATTLE. 281 


rooa, April 16. 3.5 c.c. tuberculin; reaction to 103.0° F. ‘ 
es 18. 0.0052 grm. human tubercle bacilli, intravenously. 
si S 23. 0.5 c.c. tuberculin ; reaction to 102.8° F. 


ss gs 27a L.Orcse sf a LON TO2. 4 oer. 
cs ue 20) 2:0)C-¢ ee ue tO 10325o. 2. 
1904. March 29. 0.0065 grm. human tubercle bacilli, intravenously. 
fee ho April i tO G.c. tuperculim:; reaction to’ 10219° F: 
ut .s Ann 2-O.e-Cs uc “s £0; 103-07 F 
“s uf mise ONezc: a es EOY 10320 E. 
e es This WBOnteyes Sy ut to) 103.6°. EF. 
ct e Tee5-Ole.C ce ot to 102.4° F 
‘« September 15. Killed. 

TR A phot ees Ue ne SL 

2 Ss ea te Jad é < > 

Nee ee tg ra eee Ged) 

Jf Neat h 

1\ F \\ ay 

h / fe} i ee (| 

A\ 4 } \ } ey) 

W\(\\ | \{ /\ i 

ACN ~ aN Awe & uy ; 

FIG. 5. 


Left bronchial gland. 


Necropsy.—Weight 580 pounds; good condition. One of 
the left peribronchial glands contained two nodules, each about 
one-tenth of an inch in diameter. Both are distinctly calcare- 
ous and are sharply differentiated from the immediately adja- 
cent, quite normal gland tissue. 

The right lung is rather dense and leathery and contains 
some collapsed areas. In such a collapsed area there is found 
an infiltration of round cells surrounding the bronchial walls. 
The lymphatic nodes in the same region are greatly increased, 
The alveoli are cedematous and in some places the exudate has 
undergone organization. 

There is no evidence of caseation or of tuberculosis in the 
lungs or elsewhere, excepting as noted in the left peribronchial 
gland. 

Fic. 6.—Red Hetfer (16,022). 
1902. December 1g. 0.1 c.c. tuberculin ; reaction. 


1903. February 2. 0.8 c.c. £0 105.2° BP. 
* a. 9s 1.01C.C ay to 103.0° F. 
oe is eet SECs C, as EOP LOA. Aone 


282 L. PEARSON AND S. H. GILLILAND. 


1903. February 18. 0.0013 grm. human tubercle bacilli, intravenously. 
ae AE 22. 1.0c.c. tuberculin ; reaction to 103.2° F. 


“i 7Y, ee ee Oye oie - to 104.0° F. 
March A. 2-0 Cre, ue oe to 105.6° F. 
“ 6." 2551C7c! A ss to 103.8° F. 
Dies COLCe EN cx 180) sWoyees TEV 

TAT Se Giese ay re to 104.0° F. 


es 4 21. 0.0039 grm. human tubercle bacilli, intravenously. 
27->.1.0 c.c. tuberculin ;, reaction to 103.4° FE: 


20; etic (se. 4 2 tO;r02 8h, 
April 5. i 2yOuese: 2; 3 to 102.6° F. 
f 87235 C:C. ed me to202.8° iy 
LON AIO 1eG- id a tO 102,52°5R3 
: HOt sa iGaCiey ei Ss to 103.4° F. 
18. 0.0039 grm, human tubercle bacilli, intravenously. 
23. 0.5 c.c. tubetculin; reaction to 103/6° FB. 
ae 2p et Ones: * pe tO°L02.22 7h: 
as BOK ALOMOe oe JC LO 104225 oki 
1904. March. 29. 0.0065 grm. human tubercle bacilli, intravenously. 
April i, 1,0.¢c.c. tuberculin... réaction £0 103-0287 
Je As 32-0 5C5C; ge oe LOLTO2 25, 
a 8. 220 GC ee “is to 103.8° F: 
as es TST ARONCAC, o us to 103.1° F. 
Af £5 G2 Obese: af oS LOO2: 2 ay be 


30. Killed. 


Fic. 6. 
Left bronchial gland. 


Necropsy.—Weight 421 pounds; unthrifty condition. The 
only distinct evidence of tuberculosis in this animal is a cal- 
careous nodule the size of a peain the left bronchial gland. 
The pleura and peritoneum were more or less opaque and 
showed films or flakes of fibrin partly or wholly organized and 
in some places evidently of considerable age. Guinea-pigs in- 
oculated from the calcareous nodule in the bronchial gland be- 
came tuberculous. — 


EFFECT OF TUBERCULOSIS VACCINATION UPON CATTLE. 283 


It isevident that thisanimal had suffered with a widespread 
inflammation of the serous membranes from which it had prac- 
tically recovered. Such a diffuse inflammation of the serous 
membranes of both visceral cavities occurs in tuberculosis of 
cattle of the type of pearl disease. But in this case there were 
no tubercles or evidence of tuberculosis. One must consider 
the possibility that in this animal there was a healed, fresh tu- 
berculosis of the pleura and peritoneum. 

- Tuirp Grovup.—Szx calves which recetved no treatment and 
were kept as controls fer the purpose of comparison. 
Fic. 7.—Red-and-white Bull (16,014). 


1902. December 1g. 0.1 c.c. tuberculin; reaction. 


1903. February 2. 0.8 c.c. os os to 105.6° F 
May 4. Died. 
— _ 
————— € > } a 
(4 ra G } 
ih . a? Lee oc j 
H\\ \ “sae / 
1 \ f 
was Z 
j , NN A 
{ ¥ \ 
ws BA LSS Z 
Fic. 7. : 
Right bronchial gland. Left bronchial gland. 


Mediastinal glands. 


Necropsy.—Weight 430 pounds. This bull died suddenly, 
apparently of acute indigestion. The only evidence of tuber- 
culosis in this animal consisted in the presence of several case- 
ous nodules in both bronchial and in the mediastinal lymphatic 


glands. 
Fic. 8.—Red-and-white Heifer (16,016). 
1902. December Ig. 0.1 c.c. tuberculin ; reaction. 


1903. February 2. 0.8c.c. as to 106.0° F. 
1904. September17. Killed. 
ee ok fi ee eee Fe 
« be, { % NA \ 2 
\ . f > a4 ce 
1 | y ¥ ee aie. ‘ 
\\ 2- if \ fe 
y, (Ge | {/ ~ a | 
Ki |. pn 
by > eke oa <a = 2s 
Fic. 8 
Left lung. 


Mediastinal gland. 


L. PEARSON AND S, H. GILLILAND. 


7 
PD 
ro 


Necropsy.—Weight 578 pounds; poor condition. In the 
left lung at the bottom of the posterior lobe there is an area con- 
taining numerous tubercles, some of which have undergone case- 
ation. Two similar areas are found in the tip of the lung. The 
surrounding lung tissue is red and dense and is infiltrated with 
small gray tubercles of pinhead size, some of which have cheesy 
centres. The posterior mediastinal gland is five inches long and 
two inchesin diameter. ‘This gland is filled with dense nodules, 
most of which have undergone caseation, and some of which 
contain calcareous deposits. Guinea-pigs inoculated with infil- 
trated lung tissue developed tuberculosis. 


Fic. 9.—Red-and-white Heifer (16,018). 


1902. December Ig. 0.1 c.c. tuberculin ; reaction, 
1903. February 2. 0.8 c.c. aS es to 106.4° F. 
1904. September 1g. Killed. 


FIG. g. 
Right lung. Left lung. 
Bronchial glands. 
Mediastinal glands. 

Necropsy.—Weight 415 pounds; poor condition. Both the 
anterior and middle lobes of the right lung are attached to the 
chest wall; the anterior lobe is also attached to the pericardium. 
There are numerous tuberculous areas of all ages and up to one 
and a half inches in diameter scattered rather thickly through 
both lungs. Both bronchial and the mediastinal glands are en- 
larged and contain numerous caseous and caseocalcareous no- 
dules. 

Fic. 10.—Red-and-white Bull (16,020). 
1902. December 1g. 0.1 c.c. tuberculin ; reaction. | 
1903. February 2. 0.8 c.c. os + to 105° F 
1904. September 13. Died. 


EFFECT OF TUBERCULOSIS VACCINATION UPON CATTLE. 285 


ee ae oes Se 

( J S » Ce } 
\e ie Fe Sn - 

1 \\ 

| x lo / \ 7 

| / — —— ee 

BA ( ¥ TAY \ f 7 h 
1/\ 4 \ A 4\\§ 
; \\ 

4A \ we K Lae Le ea 

Fic. 10. 

Bronchial glands. Postpharyngeal glands. 

Mediastinal glands. Bronchial glands. 


Postpharyngeal glands. 

Necropsy.—Weight 480 pounds; fair condition. This bull 
was apparently quite healthy on the r2th of September, and was 
found dead in the stable the next day. It was found that there 
was a great collection of gas in the paunch and this appears to 
have been the cause of death, through interference with respira- 
tion by pressure upon the diaphragm. ‘The evidence of tuber- 
culosis in this animal consisted in the presence of several caseous 
nodules in both bronchial glands; the posterior mediastinal 
gland is six inches long and quite thick. The entire structure 
of this gland has undergone degeneration. Both postpharyn- 
geal lymphatic glands are slightly enlarged and contain caseous 
areas. 

It is quite possible that in this case the enlarged medias- 
tinal lymphatic gland was a contributing cause of death 
through pressing upon the cesophagus and tending to interfere 
with the regurgitation of gas. 

Fic. 11.—Red-and-white Heifer (16,023). 
1902. December Ig. 0.1 c.c. tuberculin ; reaction. 


1903. February 2. 0.8 c.c. me - to 106.4° F. 
1904. April 30. Killed. 


=) > 
a ee ee = ? 
ZA 7 AY C—O 
\ 62 0,2, 22% »> p ogee { 
ies ost 
\ Mae Pd, 
S| [/ : \ 
\ ‘ 
) 
uM >» iS a ore a 
Fic. Ir. 
Postpharyngeal gland. Mediastinal glands. Left lung, etc. 
Right lung. Omentun. 


Right pleura. Spleen. 
Bronchial glands. Liver. 


286 L. PEARSON AND S. H. GILLILAND. 


Necropsy.—Weight 313 pounds ; very poor condition. This 
heifer was killed because it was in such bad condition that it 
could not live long. 

The costal pleurze of both sides are coated with masses of 
round and flattened nodules occurring singly and in patches. 
The largest patch is nearly a foot in diameter and about two 
inches thick. Both lungs are covered with round and flattened 
nodules, some of which are closely attached to the pleura and 
some of which hang from the pleura singly and in clusters. 
There is a fringe around the borders of the lungs about two inches 
wide and very thickly studded with hard nodules, the centres of 
which have undergone caseation. Both lungs contain a large 
number of caseous areas. The bronchial and mediastinal lym- 
phatic glands are considerably enlarged and caseous. The post- 
pharyngeal glands are in similar condition. The omentum, the 
walls of the stomachs, the abdominal walls, the spleen and liver 
are coated with nodular masses that are characteristic of pearl 
disease. ‘There are numerous caseous areas in the substance of 
the liver. The bronchial lymphatic glands are enlarged to sev- 
eral times their natural size and are caseous. 

This a case of ‘‘ pearl disease”’ in the most advanced form 
and of widest distribution. 


Fic. 12.—Red-and-white Bull (16,024). 


1902. December 19. 0,1 c.c. tuberculin ; reaction. 
1go3-. February ; 22) 0:8'¢C.c; oe ae to 106° F. 
1904. September17. Killed. 


ey” 


Ss 


“ | 


Right lung. 
Right bronchial gland. 


Necropsy.—Weight 524 pounds; good condition. The right 
bronchial gland is somewhat enlarged and contains a calcareous 


» 


EFFECT OF TUBERCULOSIS VACCINATION UPON CATTLE. 287 


nodule. In the anterior lobe of the right lung there are nu- 
merous nodules containing pus. These are surrounded by firm, 
fibrous walls. The intervening lung tissue is collapsed. 

The observations here recorded show a decided difference 
between the lot of six young cattle that were treated and the 
six that were not treated. Since the two lots of animals were 
in all respects as nearly equal as possible at the beginning of 
the experiment, and since they were cared for all together and 
in precisely the same way, excepting in respect to specific 
treatment, it is but fair to conclude that the six treated animals 
were favorably influenced by the treatment. 

We believe that we have sufficient evidence to justifiy the 
statement that the treatment to which six of the animals were 
subjected had the effect not only of keeping in check the pro- 
gress of the tuberculous process, but in causing a distinct and 
in some cases (Nos. 2, 3, and 6)a great retrogression of the 
lesions. In other words, the treatment had a distinct curative 
effect. 

In all of the treated animals the lesions were quiescent and 
encapsulated. But they contained living tubercle bacilli. 
There is room for difference of opinion as to whether an animal 
or a person in which there isa tuberculous lesion containing 
living bacilli may be regarded as cured. If the lesion is wholly 
cut off by a thick fibrous wall from living tissue and if it is in- 
capable of again becoming active, it would appear that a claim 
for a cure might fairly be entered. But how is one to know 
that activity may not be re-established? If there is resistance 
enough to cause the complete encapsulation of all tuberculous 
lesions in the body, it is evidence that a considerable degree of 
immunity had been developed. If the bacilli in the lesions are 
of such low virulence that they cannot infect an animal of the 
species of the one in which they are found, renewed activity is 
not to be expected. De Schweinitz found living tubercle bacilli 
in minute nodules in the lungs of a cow inoculated intraven- 
ously a year before with bacilli of human type that appear to 
have been incapable of producing progressive disease. Nodules 


288 L. PEARSON AND S. H. GILLILAND. 


may occur from intravenous injections of dead tubercle bacilli. 
Fraenkel and von Behring have found in lesions of tuberculosis 
of cattle tubercle bacilli that are not pathogenic for cattle. 

Unfortunately, in these experiments, the virulence for cattle 
of the tubercle bacilli in the lesions in the treated animals was 
not determined. 

These experiments which were made on a few young cattle 
in the earlier stage of tuberculosis do not justify conclusions or 
inferences as to the probable effect of similar treatment on older 
and more extensively diseased animals. Experiments must be 
made on a larger and broader scale. We have at this time a 
number of animals under treatment which we hope will give us 
more knowledge on this subject. 

But we hold that the experiments that have been made show 
clearly that under such treatment as was given tuberculous 
lesions do not extend; on the contrary, that they recede and 
that new implantations do not occur even upon prolonged con- 
tact with tuberculous herd mates. 


TENNESSEE’S NEW EXAMINING BOARD.—Governor John I. 
Cox, of Tennessee, has appointed the following veterinarians to 
constitute the State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners: 
Drs. Geo. R. White, Nashville; J. W. Scheibler, Memphis; M. 
Jacob, Knoxville; Geo. B. Blackman, Chattanooga. 


A STATEMENT in the daily press has it that in the city of 
Boston, Mass., there were reported during the twelve months 
ending January 31 last, 327 “‘ suspicious” cases of glanders, of 
which 246 were found to be glanders. During the previous 
year 253 ‘‘suspicious”’ cases were reported and 188 cases were 
found actually to exist. 


THE REPUBLIC OF CuBA has started out, through its Agri- 
cultural Department, to investigate the diseases of the horse 
common on the island. Circular No. 12 from the Central Agri- 
cultural Station at Santiago de las Vegas deals with mange and 
bots. The frontispiece showing an old white plug horse suffer- 
ing from mange in an advanced stage is very lifelike. Dr. N. 
S. Mayo is in charge of the Department of Animal Industry in 
Cuba. 


BENEFIT OF CHANGING THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE BLOOD. 289 


THE BENEFIT OF CHANGING THE CONSTITUENTS 
OF THE BLOOD IN CERTAIN DISEASES BY 
INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS. 


By Dr. G. W. DUNPHY, LANSING, MICH. 


Read before the Annual Meeting of the Michigan State V. M. A., at Lansing, 
February 7, 1905. 


Mr. President and Gentlemen : 

In bringing this matter before you it is only with the idea 
that a field is opened for experimentation along certain lines, 
from which I believe good results can be obtained in the treat- 
ment of those diseases where the blood is charged with toxins 
or where the bacteria of certain diseases are carried to a consid- 
erable extent in the circulation. Reports from veterinarians in 
many different parts of the country indicate that good results are 
obtained from intravenous injections of saline solution in various 
amounts, from two litres in some cases to six in others. 

Let us consider for a moment how these results are obtained. 
In the first place, in many febrile diseases water is badly needed 
in the tissues ; in the second place, advantages are gained by di- 
lution of the toxins and again by the increase of elimination. 
A special effect of loss of water in the tissues under pathologic 
conditions is the irritability of the nerve centres which naturally 
wear out the vitality of the animal. Another important factor 
in this method of treatment is the fact that saline solution may 
in this way be made a means of conveying oxygen to the blood 
directly as well as stimulating the action of the heart in cases 
where the circulation is weakened. There is little doubt in my 
own mind in regard to the chance of a change in the constit- 
uents of the blood preventing the toleration and probable in- 
crease of ptomains and other toxic elements in the circulation. 

We know that certain bacteria grow and flourish in a media 
of a particular kind, while the least change in the media will 
either retard the growth toa great extent or prevent any growth 
whatever. This being the case, may we not reasonably assume 
that beneficial results may be obtained from changing the con- 


290 G. W. DUNPHY. 


dition of the blood? In order to make a change of sufficient 
importance to dilute the toxin, it would seem to be necessary 
to draw a portion of the blood from the animal to avoid conges- 
tion of the circulatory organs by adding to the volume of fluid 
carried by the bloodvessels throughout the circulation. By 
withdrawing from four to six litres of blood from the circula- 
tion, you not only avoid any congestion of the heart and blood- 
vessels, but remove much deleterious matter that may be circu- 
lating in the blood, and, by injecting the same quantity of nor- 
mal saline solution, we have a chance of changing the constit- 
uents of the blood, of diluting the toxin if such is present, and 
changing the media in which the bacteria are produced if any 
such condition exists. I might mention here a few experiments 
that we have tried in my practice along these lines. 

On Sept. 25th, 1904, horse, which we will designate as No.. 
1, showed well-marked symptoms of purpura following an at- 
tack of influenza. My attention was called to the animal after 
the symptoms were fairly well marked. The usual abrupt 
swelling of the limbs had taken place, and the temperature had 
risen about 104° to 105° F. We decided to try the intravenous 
injection of normal salt solution, but concluded to first take a 
reasonable amount of blood, consequently we introduced a trocar 
and canula into the jugular vein, and, after drawing off about 
five litres of blood, injected six litres of normal salt solution at 
a temperature of about 100° F. The temperature remained 
about stationary for the next four hours, after which there was 
a gradual decline until it reached 102°—a drop of 2.5° in eigh- 
teen hours. We repeated the injection in twenty-four hours, 
removing about two litres of blood and injecting three litres of 
saline solution. Mild tonics of nux vomica, iron and quinine 
were given and rapid recovery ensued. 

Horse No. 2 showed well-marked symptoms of purpura on 
the morning of Nov. 4th, 1904, these symptoms having devel- 
oped quickly, the temperature rising from 1o1” to 105° during 
the night. This horse received the same treatment, making a 
certain and speedy recovery. 


— “ 


BENEFIT OF CHANGING THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE BLOOD. 291 


These two experiments cannot be considered as convincing 
evidence that this line of treatment will prove valuable in gen- 
eral practice, but I feel that there is at least a field for experi- 
mentation here that shows a possibility of good results. 

To illustrate the restorative value of saline solution, we made 
an experiment on a case, of which I will give a brief report. 
The subject, a small bay mare weighing about goo lbs., in good 
health and fair condition, was bled on September 12th—6 litres ; 
on the 13th the same quantity was withdrawn, and on the 14th 
thirteen litres were taken. ‘The animal had reached the point 
where no more blood would flow through the canula from the 
jugular vein, was lying down in a comatose condition, the eyes 
perfectly amaurotic and insensible to light and touch; pulse 
imperceptible and all conditions pointing to a speedy death. 
We then reversed the direction of the canula, and proceeded to 
inject normal saline solution, gradually pumping the fluid into 
the vein until we had given six litres. In twenty minutes af- 
ter the injection the animal began to show signs of recovery ; 
the pulsation in the submaxillary artery being perceptible to 
the touch and the breathing more regular. In thirty minutes 
from the time of injection she had raised her head and rolled 
up on the sternum. In one hour from the time of operation 
she had risen to her feet and walked a distance of 300 feet to her 
stall. She gradually gained strength and appetite until at the 
end of a week she was in normal condition. 

I merely mention this case to show the apparent restorative 
power of the saline solution, and to emphasize the fact that 
there is little danger to be feared from withdrawing a limited 


amount of blood before making the injection, as it removes any 


danger of congesting the circulation, and no doubt carries away 
a considerable amount of deleterious matter, which must nat- 
urally accumulate in the blood as the waste material from tissue 
metamorphosis are not readily carried from the system, owing 
to the inactivity of the excretory organs in many of these cases. 

I donot wish it understood that I feel warranted in drawing 
a definite conclusion in regard to this line of treatment, but my 


292 G. W. DUNPHY. 


experiments have been sufficiently encouraging to suggest to 
my fellow practitioners the advisability of trying out this 
method of treatment. I hope to be able to carry on these ex- 
periments to a greater extent, and trust that I may have the 
pleasure of comparing notes with some of my brother practi- 
tioners who are present this evening, and that our experiments 
along these lines may be of mutual benefit. 


NEws comes from El] Reno, Okla., of the summary destruc- 
tion of a jack found by the officials to be suffering from mal- 
adie du coit. It is stated that this one was the third jack to be 
ordered destroyed for the same reason this year. 

THE New York State Legislature has voted down a bill to 
prohibit docking, or the importation of docked horses, except 
for temporary exhibition purposes. The Horse World de- 
nounces the practice of docking horses’ tails as barbarous, and 
says it exists only by the support of the fashionable and wealthy 
classes. 

Our genial friend, Dr. W. T. Monsarrat, of Honolulu, H. T., 
is without question the most versatile veterinarian that we 
know of. Besides doing regular practice, occupying every offi- 
cial veterinary position iu the city of Honolulu and territory of 
Hawaii, a recent copy of the Pacific Commercial Advertiser 
prints the photo of his pleasing face in the rdle and garb of 
captain of the Punahou Base Ball Club. 

TUBERCULOSIS IN THE DAIRY HERDS OF MASSACHUSETTS.— 
The State Board of Health has just completed its inspection of 
the milk farms in Acton, Shirley, Carlisle, Billerica, Bedford, 
Harvard, Maynard, Westford, Concord and Chelmsford. Out of 
the 414 milk farms inspected in these small towns no less than 
307 are under the ban. The proprietors have been told that 
they must carry out the board’s orders if any more milk is to be 
sold from these places. On these 414 milk farms no less than 100 
diseased cattle have been found. In many of the cases the cows 
are so far gone that they had to be killed at once, for the pro- 
tection of the community. The showing is so appalling that 
some of the health officials are staggered. Only a reckless disre- 
gard of the public health could induce milk producers to allow 
such unhealthy and dangerous conditions. ‘The farmers near the 
border, across in New Hampshire, are already frightened by the 
raids. —They insist that they will not allow an exposure of their 
practices.—(Boston Advertiser, May 5.) 


PROBLEMS RELATING TO THE VALUE OF IN-AND-OUT BREEDING. 293 


SOME PROBLEMS RELATING TO THE VALUE OF IN- 
AND-OUT BREEDING. 
By W. R. CoorEerR, D. V. M., Kansas City, Mo. 


Read before the Missouri Valley Veterinary Association, Jan. II-I2, 1905. 


The question of the practicability of mating closely related 
individuals or the opposite, has confronted the breeder and stu- 
dent of heredity for centuries, and will continue to bea problem 
for the succeeding centuries. 

That in many instances, phenomenal animals have been 
produced from closely related parents, is admitted by all stu- 
dents. It is also an admitted fact that many phenomenal ani- 
mals appear whose parents are very remotely related, or of no 
traceable relationship. The latter where the pediyree can be 
traced for eight generations are extremely rare. Of the exam- 
ples of incestuous breeding the English setter bitch Countess 
is a remarkable example. Her paternal grandsire, Sting, be- 
ing the product of four generations of full brothers and sisters 
mating without an out-cross. Her paternal grandam being 
produced by two generations of full brothers and sisters names 
appearing in the pedigree of Sting, her grandsire; in fact 
Dash I and Belle I are names appearing 42 times, and in no in- 
stance more than six generations away. In other words, there is 
no other name in the pedigree of Countess except as descend- 
ants of those two dogs. Stonehenge says ‘‘ She was an extraor- 
dinary animal, both in appearance and at work, a prominent 
winner in the field trials of Englandin her time. Her faults 
were being unsteady when fresh and too keen for her work, but 
her pace was phenomenal.” ; 

A study of the pedigree of most classes of live stock shows 
a remarkable recurrence of familiar names of famous individuals 
in the pedigree of every exceptional animal, thus showing re- 
lationship in parentage. 

A study of the natural habits of all gregarious animals show 
that incestuous breeding is very common among them. Tak- 
ing the horse as an example, a vigorous and fleet stallion may 


294 W. R. COOPER. 


retain his band of mares for several years or perhaps until he 
is Afteen or more years of age; driving out all the colts and re- 
taining the fillies, also perhaps capturing a few strange mares ; 
he will have been practicing incestuous breeding on the young- 
er mares of the band, z. e., his daughters and granddaughters. 
By that time his infirmities will probably cause his defeat by a 
younger and more vigorous stallion, perhaps his own son. This 
will relieve the incestuous breeding with a strong out-cross and 
arrest the tendency to deterioration, but retain the intensity of 
blood caused by the inbreeding. Almost a parallel example of 
this kind is the mating of Betty Leeds and the Darley Ara- 
bian who produced Bartlett’s Childers, brother to Flying 
Childers, the most remarkable racer produced in England up 
to his time, also a remarkable prepotent sire. Betty Leeds, 
sire Careless, was by Spanker. Her grandam was by Spanker, 
out of Spanker’s own dam. The sister to Old Country Wench, 
by Lister’s Snake, whose dam was by Hautboy, had as a 
dam a daughter of Hautboy, whose dam was by Hautboy. © 
Here Hautboy bred to one of his own fillies, produced a filly, 
which bred to a son of one of his fillies, produced the dam 
of Squirt, by Childers (above mentioned). Squirt was the grand- 
sire of Eclipse. It would seem that with the incestuously bred 
Betty Leeds as a grandam and the sister to Old Country 
Wench as a dam, that Squirt was incestuously enough bred. 
The dam of Marske, sire of Eclipse, was a daughter of Hutton’s 
Blacklegs whose dam was by Coneyskins, by Lister’s Turk, 
sire of Lister’s Snake. (See above.) Coneyskin’s dam was a 
daughter of Jig, by The Byerly Turk. Jig’s dam was by 
Spanker. (See above.) Hutton’s Blackleg’s dam was a ma- 
ternal granddaughter of Hautboy. The Blackleg mare’s dam 
was by a grandson of Hautboy,and out of Betty Leeds, dam 
(above), whosedam also was by Coneyskins (above), out of a 
great granddaughter of Byerly Turk. Such was the in- 
breeding of Marske, the sire of Eclipse. Spiletta, the dam of 
Eclipse, was by Regulus, by Godolphin’s Barb. Regulus’s gran- 
dam was Squirt’s dam, sister to Old Country Wench (above). 


” 


PROBLEMS RELATING TO THE VALUE OF IN-AND-OUT BREEDING. 295 


Spiletta has Hautboy only 5 removes away in her sire’s pedi- 
gree and 4 removes away in her dam’s pedigree. 

The dam and both grandams of Old Country Wench were 
by Hautboy; z. e., Hautboy appeared once at 2 removes and 
twice at 3 removes from Old Country Wench. 

Old Country Wench was 3 removes from Eclipse in his sire 
line and 4 removes away in hisdam line. Sister to Leeds, whose 
dam was by Spanker, bred to: his own dam, is 5 removes away 
from his grandsire Squirt and 6 removes through his sire’s 
(Marske’s) dam, and Hautboy also appearing 4 times in other 
strains than by Old Country Wench at—once 5 removes, twice 
at 6 removes, and once at 7 removes, while Spanker only ap- 
pears thrice in other lines than Sister to Leeds ; once at 6 re- 
moves through his son bred to Sister to Leeds, and once at g re- 
moves, and once at Ir removes. It would appear that Hautboy 
exerted a much stronger influence on Eclipse than did Spanker, 
to credit Eclipse’s greatness to Darley Arabian, when he only car- 
tied 16.256 of the blood of Darley, while he carried 9.256 of the 
blood of Spanker intensified by incestuous breeding in Betty 
Leeds, once on the Sister to Leeds, twice and 31.256 of the blood 
of Hautboy, twice through the incestuously bred Old Country 
Wench, lacking but 1.256 of carrying twice as much as Haut- 
boy or Darley and through the incestuously bred O. W. C. at 
lesser removes than Darley, indicates that Eclipse is more Haut- 
boy than Darley Arabian, and from cuts or engravings Eclipse 
resembles Hautboy in size and muscular development more than 
in the light fine form of the imported Arabian, being larger, 
heavier bodied and much stronger made than the typical Arabian 
of which Darley was an example. 

Such was the inbreeding of Eclipse. The question then 
arises what manner of horse as a race horse, individual, and sire 
was Eclipse? 

The name Eclipse was and is considered as the most mascu- 
line in type, probably second to Gladiateur as a racer, but as a 
sire the most prominent name in the English stud book and is 
gradually driving all other names of its time to the wall. Horses 


296 W. R. COOPER. 


strongly inbred to Eclipse through his strongest lines have al- 
ways been great sires. He was a direct male descendant of the 
Darley Arabian, the greatest of all the oriental importations as 
a male line or sire producing strain. 

It must be remembered that all stock is divided into male, or 
sire lines; and female, dam or running lines, and that because 
an animal is a male does not necessarily signify that he will be 
of a masculine type or that a female must be effeminate in type, 
it often being the reverse, hence such effeminate males will not 
produce strong inales unless mated to very masculine females 
in type. This condition is often very noticeable in the human 
species. 

The English runner or thoroughbred is a very good animal 
to study as an example of the effect of in-and-out breeding, or- 
iginating during the reign of Charles and James II by importa- 
tion of Arab, Turkish and Barbary horses, including 100 mares 
and 25 stallions. ‘There are at present represented but about 
42 mares and to or 12 stallions in the record of the classic win- 
ners, of which 9 mares and 3 stallions are considered necessary 
in a pedigree to get a winner. Out of the mares represented as 
classic winners, z. ¢., whose blood was the strongest in the indi- 
vidual, Tregonwell’s Natural Barb mare stands first with 75 
classic winners, 14 Derbies, 16 Oaks, 12 St. Ledgers and 33 
times in the 1000 or 2000 Guineas. 

Burton’s Barb mare is second with 59 classic races to the 
credit of her descendants ; 9 Derbies, 16 Oaks, 19 St. Ledgers, 
I5 times in 1000 and 2000 Guineas. 

The dam of the Two True Blues is third with 61 classic 
winners ; 15 Derbies, 14 Oaks, 13 St. Ledgers, and 19 1000 and 
2000 Guineas. 

The three families above named have almost as many classic 
winners to their credit as all the rest of the 42 found as classic 
wiuners. 

The first 5 in the list are classed as dam, or running lines, 
z. €., produce great sprinters or great brood mares, with the ex- 
ception of No. 3, which is regarded as equally good as male or 


PROBLEMS RELATING TO THE VALUE OF IN-AND-OUT BREEDING. 297 


female producing lines and is probably the most useful of all 
the families in the stud book. 

The male lines stand out relatively as Nos. 3, 8, 11, 12 and 
14 in the record of classic wins and needs to be crossed on the 
first 5 of the list to produce phenomenal results, especially if the 
first 5 lines or any part of them have been closely inbred to each 
other. The other line which will allow inbreeding to itself 
alone is the line responsible for Eclipse of No. 12, and his best 
produce were from the first 5 lines mentioned. These numbers 
refer to mares who were either feminine or masculine in their 
type. 

Of the stallions regarded as indispensable at the present time 
are Darley Arabian, a strong masculine or sire line to which 
Eclipse belongs. The Byerly Turk and Godolphin’s Barb, 
both prominent as dam lines or more effeminate than Darley 
_ Arabian. They were imported, Byerly Turk 1690, Darley 
Arabian 1700, and Godolphin’s Barb 1704, Eclipse was foaled 
1764. The Byerly Turk traces to the present time through 
Herod as a producing line. Herod was foaled 1758. The Go- 
dolphin’s Barb was perpetuated by Matchem, foaled 1748. 

Herod was a great grandson of Byerly Turk. His dam was 
by grandson of Darley Arabian through Bartlett’s Childers, great 
grandsire of Eclipse, carrying nearly the same crosses of Haut- 
boy that Eclipse had, through his paternal grandam. 

Matchem was a grandson of Godolphin’s Barb. His pater- 
nal grandam was a granddaughter of the dam of Betty Leeds 
(Childers? dam). His dam was a great granddaughter of Byer- 
ly Turk and a mare by Spanker. Other lines were strongly 
bred in the 5 running or female lines. 

A close study of the blood of the three named horses, Eclipse, 
Herod and Matchem, the three names that dominated the pedi- 
gree of the winners of the English turf of their time and whose 
blood is still potent, shows, in each of the three, the Sister to 
Leeds or her daughter Betty Leeds, the incestuously bred 
Spanker mare, while Eclipse gets the sister to Old Country 
Wench, a remarkably masculine strain on both sides of his ped- 


29 


D 


W. R. COOPER, 


igree, by his sire at the third remove, and his dam at the fourth, 
also Clumsy, brother to the grandam of Old Country Wench 
through his sire. 

By a short study of the pedigree of Stockwell, the most suc- 
cessful sire of modern times and considered a necessity in a first 
class pedigree at the present time, one finds that he traces 14 
times to Eclipse, within 7 removes, through Whalebone and 
Whisker, brothers, and their sister Web; descending through 
Sir Hercules, Bird Catcher and Glencoe, backed up by Wander- 
er; inbred to the 3, Eclipse, Herod and Matchem and the No. 
3 family or dam of the Two True Blues. 

Isonomy, dam by Stockwell, another phenomenal sire of 
masculine type, has Bird Catcher at 3 and 4 removes. His (Bird 
Catcher’s) sire, Sir Hercules, 4 times at 4 and 5 removes. 

Salvator is a great grandson of Stockwell, both of which 
trace strongly to Eclipse, whom Salvator resembles very much. 

A short study of the origin of the American trotting horse 
reveals very similar conditions and results. Beginning with 
Messenger, foaled 1780, imported here about 1788, a direct de- 
scendant in the male line from the Darley Arabian through 
Childers, whose exploits sound even fabulous at the present time, 
whose (Childers’) dam was the incestuously bred Betty Leeds. 
Godolphins’ Barb appears in Messenger’s pedigree 3 times 
through Matchem, and Regulus, sire of dam of Eclipse. Mes- 
senger was a thoroughbred, a descendant of a line of the best 
winners on the English turf. He sired the dam of Am. Eclipse, 
the most successful racer of his day. His strongest lines were 
those that were capable of learning to trot or to make good road- 
sters. Abdallah, through his son Mambrino; and Mambrino 
Chief, by Mambrino Paymaster, by Mambrino. 

A question has arisen concerning Sampson, the great grand- 
sire of Messenger, he being a black, very large and coarse. 
Though able to beat all the crack racers of his day, no black 
horse of that style could be traced in his pedigree, which has 
led many to believe that Sampson was sired by a coach horse. 
‘The coarse build has descended through Messenger and through 


PROBLEMS RELATING TO THE VALUE OF IN-AND-OUT BREEDING. 299 


Abdallah, whose dam was undoubtedly by a son or grandson 
of Messenger, Abdallah being a blood bay with coarse head, 
ears, and lips, a rat tail and a very positive disposition. His 
feet and legs were remarkably fine and strong and his gait at 
the trot very reaching and enduring. His best sons, z. e. (Ham- 
bletonian’s) dam was by old Bellfounder, a Norfolk trotter. The 
dam known as the Chas. Kent mare was a daughter of Old One 
Eye, whose dam was Old Silver Tail, by a son of Messenger. 
One Eye was sired by Bishop’s Hambletonian, inbred son of 
Messenger. Most of the above Messenger’s descendants had a 
reputation of being of bad temper but remarkably enduring as 
roadsters, Old Silver Tail frequently carrying her owner, Mr. 
John Seely, of Orange Co., to Albany, 100 miles, ina day under 
saddle and once carried the owner and son, a lad of I0 years, 
home from New York, 75 miles, in a day. Such was the inbred 
maternal line of Hambletonian, son of Abdallah. At the pres- 
ent time Hambletonian blood is the controlling male line of 
about 95 percent. of the 2.30 trotters. He sired over 1300 
colts, many of which were kept for service, and it is said never 
sired a sorrel or chestnut colt. Of his sons, about 4 are consid- 
ered necessarily the predominating element in a high-class ped- 
igree. His best crosses have been with Mambrino Chief mares 
or descendants through Mambrino Patchen and Henry Clay 
mares. Hambletonian lines will not bear inbreeding upon 
themselves. Other lines which mix well with Hambletonian 
are American Star with Messenger on the dam’s side; Clays 
and Patchens, Messenger on the dam’s side; Royal George 
lines, also a Messenger, Bashaw’s, Messenger on dam’s side ; 
Ethan Allen, Messenger on dam’s side; all of which an- 
cestral blood did not trot until Messenger blood became a part 
of the pedigree. The combination of blood found in Ameri- 
can trotters indicates that Messenger blood would bear strong 
and even incestuous inbreeding to itself provided it came 
through Abdallah asa sire line or Mambrino asa dam line, 
backed up by the minor strains previously mentioned. Many 
of the strains I have mentioned are not authentically or abso- 


300 W. R. COOPER. 


lutely proven, but the measurements and other characteristics 
stamp the individuals so unmistakably that there is very little 
doubt, and iu each instance descendants of Messenger stood for 
service at the time and place the colts were foaled, while in 
some instances where the pedigree is officially credited charac- 
teristics indicate conditions otherwise. As of Sampson, the 
question has arisen regarding the sire of Mambrino Patchen in 
a similar manner. Mambrino Chief, his recorded sire, and 
Gaines’ Denmark were both in the same stable when the dam 
of Mambrino Patchen was sent for service, her former foal (by 
Mambrino Chief), Lady Thorn, was a bay not like Mambrino 
Patchen in any particular, who was black. Mambrino Chief 
had never sired a black colt. until then. Gaines’ Denmark was 
black and Mambrino Patchen was black and in form and gait 
resembled Gaines’ Denmark much more than he did Mambrino 
Chief. Gaines’ Denmark was a favorite of the colored groom, 
Mambrino Chief wasnot. ‘The paternity of Mambrino Patchen 
has thus been raised by one of Kentucky’s most prominent 
breeders recently. 

The history of turf performances and pedigrees indicate that 
all horses are somewhat inbred, some incestuously, others re- 
motely, but that the inbreeding must be from two to four or five 
removes away to cause the best results and should be on the 
dam’s side witha cross of the same blood in the dam of the sire 
to nick well in the offspring, or if the dam being of a strong 
masculine strain and the sire of a feminine strain the opposite, 
or, in short, outbred sires to inbred dams, and that but approxi- 
mately, two horses or families in the turf history will stand in- 
cestuous inbreeding to themselves and not suffer from weakened 
constitution as sires or become effeminate, viz.: English Eclipse 
and Messenger, both direct male descendants of Darley Arabian 
and both intensely masculine and vigorous, even their daugh- 
ters having a masculine disposition. Eclipse, the greatest name 
in the English stud book; Messenger, the greatest horse from 
point of value to the public ever landed on American soil. An 
anecdote of Messenger which records that when imported with 


PROBLEMS RELATING TO THE VALUE OF IN-AND-OUT BREEDING. 301 


three others, all of which had to be supported from the ship to 
the dock on account of exhaustion incident to a rough voyage, 
Messenger raced down the gang plank with a groom on each 
side who were unable to check him until he had run nearly 
a quarter of a mile, is sufficient indication of his vigor and 
courage. 


Dr. J. R. MITCHELL, Evansville, Ind., recommends the 
swinging stall partition to cure horses of kicking in the stable. 

Dr. WILLIAM DIMOND, of Newark, N. J., at one time an In- 
spector of the Bureau of Animal Industry, is now warden of the 
Essex County Prison at Newark. 

A RECENT LAw of Pennsylvania is that requiring veteri- 
“nary surgeons to report all cases of contagious diseases in ani- 
mals to the State Live Stock Sanitary Board. 

AT the annual meeting of the Colorado Kennel Club, held 
May ota, Di. Mark White, Jr. (U. Ps ’o4),,0f Denver, was 
elected to act as veterinarian at the coming dog show. 

ONE of the handsomest publications which comes to the 
REVIEW office is the Quarterly Bulletin of the San Franczisco 
Veterinary College, the number for March being a fine example 
of high art in printing. 

BESIDES his many duties in his profession Dr. T. Earle Budd, 
of Orange, N. J., finds time to give attention to the important 
duties of a member of the Board of Education of his city. Dr. 
John B. Hopper serves the publicin asimilar capacity at Ridge- 
wood, N. J. 

THE report of the Government Entomologist of the Cape of 
Good Hope, for the half-year ended June 30, 1904, is a very 
neat document containing much valuable information concern- 
ing the African diseases of live stock. We have also received 
some special reports from the same source, of interest to veteri- 
narians. 

EXAMINATION FOR LICENSE TO PRACTICE IN NEW JERSEY. 
—The New Jersey State Board of Veterinary Medical Exami- 
ners will meet at the State House, Trenton, N. J., June 27th 
and 28th for the examination of veterinarians for license to 
practice veterinary medicine, surgery and dentistry in that State. 
Applications may now be made to President William Herbert 
Lowe in writing and mailed to the office of the Board, 169 Pat- 
’ erson Street, Paterson, N. J. 


302 REPORTS OF CASES. 


REPORTS OF CASES. 


** Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him. Byre- 
cording his observations, he adds tothe knowledg reof his profession, and assists by his facts 
in building up the solid edific ¢ of patholog vical science.’ 


STRONGYLUS PARADOXUS OR LUNG WORM IN SWINE. * 
By J. HARVEY SLATER, V. S., Richmond, Mo. 


September 6th, 1904, I was called to see a herd of sick hogs 
(Chester White). The owner stated that the neighbors had lost | 
nearly all their hogs from apparently the same disease and sup- 
posed it was cholera. Mr. Barker (my client), being a close ob- 
server, thought it different from any case of cholera he had ever 
seen ; therefore he called me to investigate the malady. 

The following symptoms were evident: spasmodic cough, 
after a few days’ refusal of food, elevation of temperature, dysp- 
noea, aneemia, animal gaunt very suddenly, great weakness es- 
pecially of hind parts, frequent discolorization of the skin, espe- 
cially of the ears and over the ventral surface. 

Post-mortem examination revealed pneumonia due to the 
presence of a worm in the lungs, which proved to be Strongylus 
paradoxus. I sent asample of these worms to Dr. B. F. Kaupp, 
of Kansas City, who is recognized as authority on parasitology. 
He verified my diagnosis. 

I shall quote freely from Mehlis, Law, and others in giving 
a description of this little ravager which bears so pretentious a 
name. It is a delicate filiform worm, white or brownish. Mouth 
terminal, round, with six papilla. Male % to 34 inch; female 
1 to rf inch long; caudal bursa of male deeply bilobed, each 
lobe supported by five rays. T'wo long, delicate spicula. Tail of 
female curved with sharp point; vulva on a pre-oval tubercle. 
Oviparous or ovoviviparous. Ova elliptical with contained em- 
bryo folded several times. 

In fatal cases of young pigs I found balls of worms coated 
with mucus and pus in the bronchia; in older ones they are 
found in the air sacules. The development of the parasite 
has not been traced but is probably similar to that of the Strougy- 
lus filaria and is favored by similar local conditions, allowance 
being made for the fact that the ravages of the worm are con- 
fined to swine only. 

Symptoms are often obscure; unthriftiness, lack of condi- 


* Read before tne Missouri Valley Veterinary Association, Jan. II-I2, 1905. 


REPORTS OF CASES. 303 


tion, anzemia and emaciation are shown especially in young pigs 
and if associated with a paroxysmal cough—hard at first and later 
moist and rattling or even suffocating—and if this shows in a 
large proportion of the herd independently of any change of 
weather, damp bed, or other cause, there is a strong presump- 
tion of lung worms. This worm was found more than a hun- 
dred years ago in different parts of Southern Europe. In the 
beginning of the nineteenth century Bellingham and others 
found it in the abattoirs of Parisand Dublin. Law has frequently 
found them in unthrifty pigs and shoats in Central New York. 
However, it is rare in this section of the country. Several au- 
thors claim that in the majority of cases the disease subsides and 
the patient recovers so that its true nature is never discovered. 
Death may be from suffocation or from progressive emaciation 
or marasmus. ‘The lesions are essentially the same as those of 
verminous bronchitis in sheep, a number of parasites determin- 
ing the extent and violence of the morbid process. 

In the outbreak I have chronicled here the disease proved 
fatal to 80 per cent. of the herd. Duration being from a few 
days to four or five weeks. Among the farmers and fancy hog 
breeders in the vicinity of my client the average loss in each 
herd was about 85 percent. If no one in the infected neigh- 
borhood had consulted a veterinarian the heavy loss sustained 
would have been attributed to cholera, and the reai mischief- 
maker, Strongylus paradoxus, would thus have escaped suspic- 
ion. 

I recommended dipping, change of pig pen and range, also 
careful avoidance of pond, running or well water which might 
have become contaminated by the affected herd ; or better still 
to boil all water before it was supplied to the hogs. Such 
measures are very necessary in the case of young pigs, which 
almost always furnish fatal cases; or if the sows are affected 
the food should be moderately salted and the pigs should be re- 
moved from the sow and all mature swine as soon as they are 
weaned. After taking precautionary measures to prevent the 
spread of the disease to the unaffected herd I turned my atten- 
tion to the sick hogs. I was ambitious tosave them if possible. 
Black recommends intratracheal injections of benzine or oil 
turpentine. Owing to the inaccessibility of the trachea in the 
pig I administered oil turpentine and oil eucalyptus by inhala- 
tion. I secured a pig by means of a crate and over its head I 
slipped a noose-bag which was connected by means of a rubber 
hose with a large tin vessel shaped like an inverted funnel. 


304 REPORTS OF CASES. 


The vessel was filled =e dice water and placed upon a 
gasoline stove. Each pig was,steamed five minutes, then dipped 
and turned into an orchard 150 yards from the regular feed lot. 
The steaming was continued four consecutive days, but the 
method was unsatisfactory for the reason that too much time 
was consumed in medicating a large herd, and, besides, it seemed 
necessary to put more medicine in the steaming can each time 
after steaming a pig, as the first pig seemed to get the benefit 
of all the medicine. There is no doubt but that this treatment 
was beneficial, as far as it was carried. We lacked proper ap- 
paratus to carry out treatment as I wished, thus I can report 
only partial success. With suitable facilities the steaming pro- 
cess undoubtedly would be entirely satisfactory. 

[An interesting discussion followed, which was participated 
in by Drs. Brown, Goode, Kaupp, Norton and Stewart. Dr. 
Goode stated that he had treated a bunch of calves by placing 
them in a closed building and burning alcohol and sulphur, re- 
maining in the building as long as possible, then opening the 
doors. This was repeated several times with curative effect. | 


A TUBERCULAR CASE.* 
By L. U. SHIPLEY, V. S., Sheldon, Iowa. 

On July 15, 1904, I was requested to examine a Shorthorn 
cow, property of a stockman of Inwood, Iowa. ‘The history as 
given by the owner was that this cow ‘had been apparently i in 
the best of health and had given birth to a fine calf in April and 
had given a plentiful flow of milk, much more than the calf 
could take care of, but for about a month previous to my visit 
had not acted as lively as usual, although her appetite and di- 
gestion were perfect. She showed lack of codrdination of the 
posterior extremities, especially when assuming a standing po- 
sition after being down. After moving off a few steps, to all ap- 
pearance the movements were normal. Pulse and temperature 
were normal. Auscultation and percussion revealed nothing 
abnormal. Without making any definite diagnosis, prescribed 
a tonic. On Oct. 3, 1904, or 78 days after my first visit, was 
again called to see this cow. Found her down, unable to rise, 
the owner stating that she had been in this condition for about 
one week. When ina natural position upon the sternum she 
ate and drank heartily, but if’ she got down upon her side she 
evinced much distress and moaned until helped back upon the 
sternum. Found temperature and pulse normal, and as before 


- * Presented to the Meeting of the Iowa State V. M. A., Jan. 25-26, 1905. 


biiiand i pid 


REPORTS OF CASES. 305 


percussion and auscultation revealed nothing abnormal, having 
previously expressed the belief of some tubercular lesion. It 
was the owner’s intention to have the tuberculin test applied, 
but not being prepared to do so and the apparent indications of 
a fatal termination caused me to advise destruction and a post- 
mortem, which was consented to. The village butcher was sent 
for, who did the killing and removed the hide, and who volun- 
teered the information that the carcass was a perfectly healthy 
one; in fact, in was a fatter looking beef than one often sees 
upon the average country butcher block. 

The above information and appearance caused the owner to 
regret destruction, remarking that he would bet we could not 
find anything. After removing the digestive organs found them 
in a normal condition excepting a few slight tubercular nodules 
in the liver; kidneys and genital organs normal; then proceed- 
ed to the thoracic organs; found lungs and heart normal, ex- 
cepting a few milliary tubercles in the superior border of the 
tight lung, but found several large tubercular nodules in the 
anterior mediastinum and thymus glands, from the size of a hen’s 
ege to as large as a base ball, but irregular and nodulated. After 
removing the contents of the thorax, observed a soft swelling 
protruding from between the articulating ends of the right fifth 
and sixth ribs. Upon incision a large quantity of creamy pus 
escaped. Further inspection showed this abscess extended be- 
tween the transverse processes and articular facets through the 
posterior notch of the fifth vertebra into the spinal foramen. 
The character of this irregular fistulous tract and its contents 
showed its existence for a considerable length of time and that 
it was without doubt the original tubercular lesion. The his- 
tory and symptoms of this case also proved this lesion had ex- 
isted for at least three months, and no doubt the pressure of the 
pus upon the spinal cord when lying upon the side caused the 
distress, which was relieved when in an upright position and 
the pressure was downward or away from the cord. 


AMPUTATION OF THE PENIS.* 
By C. E. STEWART, Chariton, Iowa. 

About one year ago I was called to see a ten-year-old Ham- 
bletonian gelding affected with phymosis, and the penis greatly 
swollen and painful to the touch, but animal was in good ‘health 
in other ways. 


* Presented to the Meeting of the Iowa State V. M. A., Jaa. 25-26, 1905. 


306 REPORTS OF CASES. 


The ordinary treatment was used to reduce the swelling, 
which slowly disappeared, but the animal was never able to re- 
tract his penis. However, he was used a little on a dray, but 
was too obscene to be driven only after night. 

About three months ago the organ was again injured, sup- 
posed to be due to another horse stepping on it, as it bore the 
mark of a toe-calk, and as the animal was not of much value he 
was turned out in a pasture to struggle for himself and the penis 
swelled to enormons size and was very painful, followed by a 
gangrenous condition, with considerable sloughing and such 
rapid emaciation of the animal that it was seen he would sur-: 
vive only a few days, and the animal was brought to me for 
treatment. I advised the owner that the only thing to do was 
to amputate the organ, which he readily consented to, saying 
he had gotten tired of seeing it and he said he had thought for 
along time that he was troubled with an over-production of 
penis. 

Operation.—The. animal was cast and tied as we would for 
castrating a ridgling, the penis was withdrawn as far as possible 
and the parts thoroughly washed with a solution of creolin, 1 
to 100. 

A catheter was then passed and a stitch taken in the distal 
end of the penis and tied to the catheter to prevent it from com- 
ing out during the operation. An incision was then made with 
the scalpel through the skin and about three-fourths of the cir- 
cumference of the penis and about four inches above the end of 
the prepuce, then other incisions were made in a transverse 
manner until the dorsal artery was severed, which was then 
twisted with hemostatic forceps. ‘The urethra was then dis- 
sected out and severed about an inch and a half from the stump, 
and the mass that was removed weighed five pounds. 

By severing the urethra about an inch and a half from the 
stump makes the stump very similar to the natural apex of the 
penis, aside from the fact that the meatus urinarius does not 
project into the natural deep fossa at the apex of the penis. 

The animal did not resist the operation very much, and 
when released got up and went to eating. After-treatment con- 
sisted of flushing the sheath once a day for a few days witha 
solution of creolin, 1 to 150, and allowing the animal to run at 
pasture. 

Animal did not lose more than three gills of blood, and but 
little swelling followed, and he gained in flesh every day after 
the operation until he was well, which was but a short time. 


REPORTS OF CASES. 307 


By this way of operating there is the least possible surface to 
heal, and I am inclined to the opinion that we are prone to con- 
sider this a far more difficult and dangerous operation than we 
should. 


A PELVIC HERNIA WITH POSTERIOR DISPLACEMENT OF THE 


C4CUM.* 
By L. U. SHIPLEY, V. S., Sheldon, Iowa. 


Was called to attend a small gray mare with the following 
history and symptoms: Had been bred to a heavy draft stallion, 
two or three days previous and immediately turned out to pas- 
ture. The day following she was found lying down with symp- 
toms of abdominal pains. She was taken up and placed in the 
barn and as her condition did not improve I was called. Found 
her lying down on her side. When made to arise would immedi- 
ately lie down again, but did not seem to suffer acute pain. 
Pulse 72, strong and vibrating, temperature normal; ausculta- 
tion of abdomen denoted the usual borborigmi. Then resorted 
to rectal and vaginal exploration. After passing the hand 
through the vulva, felt a tense body superiorly, which I thought 
was the rectum filled with fecal matter, but when the hand was 
inserted into the rectum was surprised to find it empty, this 
tense body inferior to it. Then with one hand per rectum and 
the other per vagina made a careful manipulation. From the 
tense rebounding character of the body concluded that I had an 
abscess to deal with, so procured a trocar and canula and care- 
fully inserting per rectum punctured the body, and instead of 
pus or serum, the contents of the ceecum flowed out through the 
canula. This gave immediate relief and the mare resumed 
standing position and began eating, and further exploration that 
I was able to make led me to believe that the caecum had re- 
turned into the abdominal cavity. Had the animal placed 
in a narrow stall, elevating the posterior extremities as much as 
possible with instructions to keep her in this position for some 
days, but two days later was called again and found her in the 
same condition as upon the first arrival. Repeating the punct- 
uring operation seemed to give temporary relief as before, but 
the condition soon recurred and as the animal was of little value 
was allowed to die with no further attention, not even giving 
mean opportunity for P. M. My theory is that the broad liga- 
ment must have been lacerated by coition. 


* Presented to the Meeting of the Towa State V. M. A., Jan. 25-26, 1905. 


308 REPORTS OF CASES. 


A RADICAL OPERATION FOR STRANGULATED SCROTAL HERNIA.* 
By L. U. SHIPLEY, V. S., Sheldon, Iowa. 

In August of 1903, during my temporary absence, Dr. H. 
Shipley was called to treat an Irish hunter stallion which had 
been driven in from the country about five miles and upon ar- 
tival showed colicky pains. Was given the ordinary colic treat- 
ment, which appeared to give some relief for a short time. 
Upon my arrival home visited the case and found him in con- 
siderable pain, but exhibiting no other symptoms other than 
those ordinarily observed in a case of spasmodic colic, but after 
some reflection suspected inguinal or scrotal hernia and exami- 
nation verified my suspicion. Found that the intestine was 
not only in the inguinal canal, but the right scrotal sac was 
considerably distended with intestine. I advised the owner of 
the condition and that a radical operation was necessary and 
that immediately. The owner remarked that I would have to 
castrate to operate successfully and that he would as soon have 
the horse die as have him castrated. As ‘necessity is the fa- 
ther of invention,” after some reflection I informed the owner 
that I thought that I could operate successfully without castra- 
ting, or at least try, as the case would surely terminate fatally 
without an operation, so consent wasgiven. After procuring Dr. 
Henry Shipley to assist, the horse was cast and properly se- 
cured upon the back, with the hind limbs drawn well back and 
spread in a similar manner as for cryptorchid castration. Rec- 
tal taxis was first tried without success. We then proceeded 
with an operation as follows: The scrotal and inguinal regions 
were disinfected with a creolin solution. The testicle was 
grasped, tensing the cord, and with the small hook blade of a 
Zigler castrating knife, an incision was made near the inguinal 
ring downward and parallel with the spermatic cord about five 
iaches long through the skin and peritoneal tunic, being care-. 
ful to avoid injury to the intestines. The hand being well dis- 
infected was passed into the incision and the intestines carefully 
pressed back through the inguinal ring. The wound was then 
cleansed with a creolin solution and packed with absorbent cot- 
ton and two or three stitches applied in the skin to retain the 
packing in position. The horse was then released and assumed 
a standing position and seemed to be relieved of pain. He was 
placed in a box-stall and givena stimulant. The next morn- 
ing the temperature was 104 and some pain present. Drank 


* Presented to the Meeting of the Iowa State V. M. A., Jan. 25-26, Ig05. 


REPORTS OF CASES. 309 


water freely, but refused food. Was given febrifuge and tonic 
treatment. On the second day temperature was 102 and the 
bowels moved for the first time. The fzeces were coated with 
mucus. He ate green grass with some relish. On the morn- 
ing of the first day the stitches were removed and part of the 
cotton taken out, leaving a small portion up next the inguinal 
ring. The latter was removed on thesecond day. The wound 
was left open and treated asa simple wound. ‘Treatment con- 
sisted of washing with creolin solution and dressing with dust- 
ing powder ; there was some suppuration for a few days, but the 
wound healed rapidly. The case made good recovery. ‘There 
was never any extensive swelling of the testicle. It was car- 
ried drawn up a little higher than its mate for a time, but soon 
was carried in a normal position. ‘This horse has been in stud 
service throughout the season of 1904. 


CHRONIC CRURAL PARALYSIS FOLLOWING AZOTURIA.* 
By JOHN THOompson, Iowa. 

It has been my lot every year for the past eight or nine 
years to meet with a few of the above cases, and while they are 
without doubt familiar to nearly every practitioner, it has never 
been my good fortune to learn as to experience and views of 
others in the matter. 

With various methods of treatment I have employed so far, 
all cases treated, with three receiving no treatment, have ter- 
minated alike—an apparent spontaneous recovery at the end of 
from seven to ten months following time of attack, and in no 
case has my interference seemed able to shorten the period. 

When the time for recovery has arrived the muscle structure 
apparently develops fully, or nearly so, within about six weeks. 
The improvement, though of course gradual, is rapid and re- 
covery complete. 

Among the agents I have used are such irritants as tinct. 
iodine, strong soda chloride solution, turpentine, etc., injected 
intramuscularly, or rather in and around muscle sheath, over 
affected parts, at intervals of a couple of weeks. Slight tume- 
faction would follow such injections, but within a few days the 
region would resume its characteristic hollow appearance, with 
limb as useless as ever. Deep puncture firing, using thermo- 
cautery, along course of atrophied muscles, repeated every 
month, has given the same results. 


* Read before the Iowa State V. M. A., Jan. 25-26, 1905. 


310 REPORTS OF CASES. 


LUXATIO SUPRA COTYLOIDEA. 
By E. M. Weston, G. M. V. C., Launceston, Tasmania. 

The accompanying photos may prove of interest to you, as 
they illustrate a somewhat unusual condition, z e., luxation of 
the femur. The cow was very restless and got a bit out of 
focus, which renders one of the photos a trifle misty, while I also 
happened to snap the camera just when her tail was curling 
over her back. ‘The second photo shows her in motion, when 
the upward displacement of the trochantor major is most 
marked. 


T.M. in normal Trochantor Major 
position, displaced upwards. 


Cow in motion. Trochantor Major nearly ona 
level with point of hip. 


The history of the case is as follows: The cow had calved 
away in the bush and was being brought home when she fell 
into a deep ditch, from which she was extracted only after con- 
siderable trouble. When put on her feet she was seen to be 
very lame, and on endeavoring to turn fell heavily. She 
was taken home, placed in a sling, and a day or two after I was 
sent for. On arrival I found the trochantor major of the femur 
very prominent on the affected side, but the joint could be freely 
flexed and extended, and weight placed on the limb, which did 


REPORTS OF CASES. oil 


not appear to be shortened. My diagnosis was strain and rup- 
ture of the deep adductors and stretching of ligaments of the 
articulation, but I did not think the head of the femur had left 
the acetabular cavity. I applied a good stiff pitch plaster over the 
region of the joint, the cow remained in the slings eating, and 
milking well for about two months. When let out slight short- 
ening of the leg, with upward displacement of the head of the 
femur was evident. The forward stride was shortened, and the 
leg swung outwards as in human patients recovering from a par- 
alytic stroke. I have in my employ an old partially paralyzed 
sailor, and the resemblance between his gait and that of the cow 
was so conspicuous as to immediately attract the attention of 
the children on the farm. For some time after being let out 
of the slings the cow required a lift when getting up, but now 
she gets up and down herself, and hobbles about without much 
trouble. In anatomical language the luxation would be classi- 
fied as ‘‘ Luxatio Supra Cotyloidea.”’ 


A CURIOUS CASE OF BROKEN BACK. 
By E. A. WESTON, G. M. V. C., Launceston, Tasmania. 

The subject was an old grey trotting mare, who had staked 
her hoof. Upon examining it I decided to throw and chloroform 
her before operating. Accordingly she was taken onto a level 
patch of grass and thrown with the neck-collar and sidelines. 
I had plenty of strength, and she went down easily without 
trouble, coming first onto her haunches, and then rolling over 
onto her side. She groaned, however, as though in pain, but 
took the chloroform well and lay quietly during the operation. 
Upon coming round she proved unable to either sit up or stand, 
and I was reluctantly compelled to tell her owner that I feared 
she had broken her back. He could not credit my statement, as 
he had been present during the throwing; so to satisfy him I 
tigged a triangle, and sent away for the slings. When we slung 
her she was quite unable to use the hind-quarters, and subse- 
quently she was let down and shot. Post-mortem revealed mel- 
anosis (which I had previously noticed round the anus) of the 
sublumbar prepectoral, bronchial, and small glands lying under 
the longissimus dorsi; extensive rupture of the diaphragm, 
probably due to lying in the slings with the bowels full of grass 
and fracture of the tenth dorsal vertebra. The spine of this 
bone was intact, but the body and pillars were shattered into 
fifteen separate pieces, which I have vainly endeavored to put 
together. Unfortunately it was boiled previous to examination, 


312 REPORTS OF CASES. 


but there is no doubt that the cancellated tissue was affected 
with melanosis, only the outside shell being left. When the 
spine was bent in throwing, the bone was crushed between the 
two adjoining vertebre like an egg between two boards. This 
is proved by the weight, the broken bone weighing 2 ounces 5 
drachmis, and a healthy adjoining vertebra 4 ounces. ‘The can- 
cellated tissue which remains is softened, and open in structure, 
having evidently been the seat of a rarefying ostitis. Melanotic 
growths are usually classified as sarcomata, but a sarcoma is 
stated by pathologists to have no lymphatics, and to be spread 
by the bloodvessels. Now in this case the secondary infection 
seemed to be confined to the lymphatic glands, which would 
probably be infected from the lymphatic vessels, so that the 
growth approximated more nearly to the carcinomata in that 
respect. 


A CASE OF TETANUS AS A SEQUEL TO PARTURITION.* 
By L. U. SHIPLEY, V.S., Sheldon, Iowa. 


On April 30, 1904, was called to attend a mare that had 
foaled about one week or ten days previous. Founda well- 
marked case of tetanus with tonic spasms of all the muscles, but 
this mare was able to masticate and continued so throughout 
the course of the disease, but when she laid down had to be 
helped up. As the disease was so well marked did not consider 
there would be any benefit derived from antitetanic serum, so 
advised isolation and good care. The colt was left with her and 
suckled and apparently obtained sufficient nourishment. The 
case made a good recovery and the foal remained healthy. The 
two interesting features of this case were, first, the probable 
source of infection per the genital tract, and, second, the non- 
transmissibility of the disease to the foal. 


Dr. JOSEPH HUGHES, Chicago, II]., spent the last week of 
April in Nashville, Tenn., attending the race meeting at Cum- 
berland Park and visiting professional friends in that section of 
the South. 

Dr. JOHN B. HOPPER, of Ridgewood, N. J., is a man who 
puts his scientific knowledge to serve practicalends. He is the 
ptoprietor of the Ridgewood Veterinary Forge, where horseshoe- 
ing, pathological or otherwise, is scientifically done. 


* Presented to the Meeting of the Iowa State V. M. A., Jan, 25-26, 1905. 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 313 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


EPIZOOTIC LYMPHANGITIS. 


There has just been published a ‘ Treatise on Epizootic 
Lymphangitis,” by Captain W. A. Pallin, F. R. C. V. S., of the 
Veterinary Department, British Army,* which comes in good 
time and renders the first comprehensive account of this recent- 
ly recognized disease. While primarily intended for the veteri- 
nary officers of the English Army and Civil Department, it is 
none the less interesting, instructive and valuable for American 
veterinarians, particularly those of the Army. As the subject 
is of such importance we shall review the book more fully, in- 
vite attention to our own experiences, and make some sugges- 
tions which will enhance the international value of the book in 
its next edition. 

In the “Zterature of the disease” the author records fully the 
English contributions, but only those of Nocard and Leclainche 
in French, and that of Tokishige, Japan. Yet, Mosselman and 
Liénaux in their ‘(Manuel de Microbiologie Vétérinaire,” give a 
very accurate description of the ‘‘cryptococcus of Rivolta,” with 
other valuable notes, and “ Joly,” in ‘“‘Les Maladies du Cheval 
de troupe,” devotes a whole chapter to this disease, giving enter- 
tainingly its history, cause, symptoms, diagnosis, differential 
diagnosis, treatment, and the statistics of the disease in the 
French army since 1887. He mentions as early writers such 
known names as Tixier and Delamotte, Chénier, Jacoulet and 
Froissard, Wiart, Auiclet, Barrier and others, and altogether it 
is apparent that the early literature on this disease must be 
found in France. As to other countries there is no doubt that 
the Italian and Russian veterinarians have extensively written 
on the disease, although their accounts are only known to me 
from references and reports in German veterinary journals. The 
Germans themselves have no experience with the disease.  Fi- 
nally several of our American veterinarians have published ar- 
ticles on the disease as observed in the Philippine Islands, to 
which we shall allude later on. In a monograph of a disease 
like this the “literature” is an important part, not because it 
records names of authors, but because it greatly helps to com- 
prehend its history, geostaphical distribution, variety of symp- 
toms observed, experiments conducted, different methods of 
treatment applied, mortality recorded, etc. 


* William R. Jenkins, 851 Sixth Ave., New York. Price, $1.25 


o14 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


The ‘ zature of the disease” is thus defined by the author : 
‘“Epizootic lymphangitis is a virulent inoculable disease, char- 
acterized by suppuration of the superficial and subcutaneous 
lymphatic vessels, due tothe presence of a specific organism.” 
From our observation in the Philippines we would define it as 
‘“an infectious disease of solipeds, caused by the cryptococcus of 
Rivolta, characterized by the formation of specific ulcers of the 
skin, more rarely of the mucous membranes, and complicated in 
severe cases by suppurative inflammation of the superficial 
lymphatic vessels.” There are ample reasons for this wording 
of the definition.. The spread of the disease is ordinarily main- 
tained by infection with grooming brushes, etc., its Arzmary 
symptom surely ts the formation of ulcers, lymphangitis rarely 
develops if the case is promptly taken under treatment, and sup- 
puration of lymphatic vessels takes place only in exceptionally 
severe cases. At least this was our experience in the Philippines. 
It is also proper that the specific organism should be named ir- 
respective of whether future researches will confirm it to be 
saccharomyces or cryptococcus. 

The “history and geographical distribution” of the disease 
are most interesting and well compiled, and give a vivid picture 
of the struggles in observation and investigation during two dec- 
ades which were needed to have the disease finally recognized 
as specific. Of this the author says: ‘‘ The disease has from time 
immemorial been invariably confounded with glanders-farcy and 
ulcerative lymphangitis, in whatever part of the world it has ap- 
peared, and even with the assistance of mallein and modern sci- 
ence, veterinarians of nearly every nationality still continue to 
make the same mistakes.” There is little doubt that this is true, 
but the reasons for confounding the true farcy and this pseudo- 
farcy, as the disease has been formerly called, are near at hand and 
amply explained by its newness and scanty literature. As far as 
American veterinarians inthe Philippines were concerned they 
were quick to recognize the specific nature of the disease, and 
myself and a few others have only blundered as regards the correct 
name, which is by no means a happy choice. The author seems 
to believe that when glandeis-farcy and epizootic lymphangitis 
are co-existing, the danger of confounding the two diseases isgreat 
(page 25), but our experience in the Philippines leads us to think 
that this very co-existence of the two diseases saved us from error 
and greatly helped us to differentiate the two. 

A most interesting retrospect is opened up before us if we 
scan the short history of epizootic lymphangitis and then let it 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. OLD 


glide into the remote history of glanders. Both the author of 
the treatise and our French army colleague Joly, come to the 
conclusion that the prolonged and heated differences of opinion 
about the malign or benign nature of glanders-farcy of the 
early French veterinary authors can now be explained by the 
presence of epizootic lymphangitis in France as early as 1800 
and before. To the student of the history of glanders, outside 
of France, these fierce combats of our historic French confréres 
were always fascinating, but unexplainable. The older Ger- 
man veterinarians, for instance, who only knew the true farcy, 
never ceased to wonder how their French colleagues could have 
invented such terms as “ benign farcy, curable farcy, river-farcy,”’ 
etc. We can now see that these few offtimes were not and 
could not have been ripe for a finer differential diagnosis, and 
it needed not only the advent of the microscope but the ad- 
vanced knowledge of bacteriology of our last decade to finally 
distinguish these two diseases one from the other. 

Most of us will be surprised to learn that the disease extends 
over many widely scattered countries. It has longest been 
known in Algiers, France and Italy, but is now known to exist 
in Egypt, Turkey, Russia, Sweden, and recently imported into 
England and Ireland. It has long existed in Japan, also pre- 
sumably long in India, Java and Bali, to which we must now 
add the Philippines. It is unknown in the United States, Ger- 
many, Austria. That a disease of such wide geographical dis- 
tribution is threatening to those countries that do not as yet 
harbor it is evident, and we shall be lucky if we can keep this 
annoying newcomer from our shores. 

The.“ bacteriology” of the disease, including the different 
methods of staining and the developing of cultures, constitutes 
a highly instructive chapter, brought together with diligence 
and apparent practical acquaintance with the subjects treated. 
These chapters must be studied, and while perhaps our army 
colleagues at present stationed in the Philippines have had more 
time and better opportunities to study the cryptococcus of Rivolta 
than we had during the war-time, yet I feel certain that the in- 
formation given in the treatise will be a welcome guide to them. 

The “‘ zzcubative period” of the disease is given by the au- 
thor as “ varying from three weeks to three months, and even to 
six, eight or ten months or more.’? ‘hese observations made 
from experimental inoculations of the author are new to us, as 
we have not noticed any reference to this important point in the 
publications of our own army veterinarians. The author records 


ARMY VETERINARY 


DEPARTMENT. 


PLaTE I. 


Pseudo-farcy, Vigan P. I. 


1901. (O. Schw.) 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 317 


PLATE II. 


1. Dr. Gelston’s Case. Philippines. 1901. 


2. One of Major B. Mills’ Cases. India. tgor. 


318 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


—- 


also a case in which the disease recurred after being apparently 
cured. I can confirm the recurrence in a case that greatly tried 
the patience of Dr. Gelston; 3d Cavalry, (see photograph, Plate 
II, No. 1) which finally came under my treatment by change of 
horses and which was apparently cured after months of treat- 
ment. Butin about one month ulcers appeared anew and the 
horse was destroyed, having been rendered unserviceable. The 
whole right hind-leg was dotted with cicatrices between which 
new ulcers appeared and the entire skin of the leg had become 
indurated, resembling a case of elephantiasis. 

The “ symptoms” of the disease are very fully described in 
a chapter of twelve pages. The author divides the symptoms 
into the “cutaneous variety’? which more resemble farcy, and 
into the ‘“‘mucous-membrane variety”? which more resemble 
glanders. ‘This classification of symptoms is quite practical for 
purposes of differential diagnosis. In describing the ‘‘ cutaneous 
variety ” the author goes over the regions of the head, neck, 
trunk, fore and hind limbs, giving the favored and more com- 
mon parts of affection, calling attention to the fact that the dis- 
ease is ‘‘ most frequently associated with those parts which are 
most exposed to wounds from kicks, contusions, and harness- 
galls. 

The careful description of the ‘ pustules or nodules,” from 
which later on form the “ ulcers or sores, which very much re- 
semble farcy-buds,” agrees in the main with that given by our 
own army veterinarians. That “the disease is commonest in 
the limbs,” is surely our observation also. But when the author 
says: ‘Ifa limb is the seat of the disease the whole leg may 
suddenly swell up like an ordinary case of lymphangitis, and 
cording and knotting of the adjacent lymphatic vessels may also 
usually be felt so clearly that even from the beginning they 
may be freguently seen from a distance,” we wonder if he has 
not had to deal with severer outbreaks of the disease than we 
had in the Philippines. We have had such cases, but they were 
not as ordinary as the author seems to wish to impress upon us, 
and although the treatise contains thirteen photographs of the 
typical ulcers, just as we have seen them, he fails to give a pic- 
ture of a case with cording and knotting of the lymphatic ves- 
sels, ‘‘ which radiate toward the nearest lymphatic gland.” We 
take the liberty to reproduce one such case of Major Mills, Bom- 
bay, India (Veterznary Journal, London, January, 1904), on the 
shoulder of a horse (see Plate II, No. 2), where we have never 
seen it in the Philippines. 


ARMY VETERINARY\ DEPARTMENT. 319 


In describing the “‘ mucous membrane variety” of the symp- 
toms, the author states ‘‘ that it has been noticed by him in some 
seven to ten per cent. of cases,’ which is unusually large ac- 
cording tu our observation. He found the lesions on the con- 
junctiva, on the membranes lining the alz of the nostrils, sep- 
tum nasi, sinuses of the head, pharynx, larynx and upper thisd of 
trachea, and he bears out his claim by two exceedingly interest- 
ing photographs of sections of the skull of horses. We have 
only observed ulcers in the lower nostrils from autoinfection of 
animals nosing their affected legs. There was no time for us to 
make searching post-mortem examination, but it seems as if 
there is a general scarcity of post-mortem records of this disease. 
This is evidenced in the chapter on ‘ Post-mortem Jlestons,” 
which only covers one and one-half pages, and yet it is only by 
a thorough study of the pathological anatomy of the disease that 
the various dark points, which the author himself points out 
throughout the treatise, can be explained and accurate knowl- 
edge be obtained 

In the “azfferentzal diagnosis,” the author enumerates as 
diseases likely to be confounded with epizootic lymphangitis: 
(1) glanders-farcy, (2) wlcerative lymphangitis (Nocard), (3) szm- 
ple lymphangitis and its sequele, z. ¢., suppurative lymphangi- 
tis, (4) tubercular lymphangitis, (5) bursatti, (6) botryomycosis, 
and (7) a number of other diseases ordinarily named in the dif- 
ferential diagnosis of glanders in text-books. There can be no 
doubt. that the similarity of this disease with the several other 
diseases mentioned above can be close. But it seems rather un- 
fortunate that we must sharply distinguish between such like 
names as epizootic, ulcerative, suppurative and tubercular lym- 
phangitis, and wefear that the danger of confounding these diseases 
lies not so much in the diseases themselves as in the similarity 
of their names. Perhaps the author has felt this himself when 
he particularly mentions that Marcone was anxious to change 
the name of epizootic lymphangitis to ‘‘Saccharomycosis farci- 
minosis (Rivolta).” This latter term may not be a phonetic 
improvement over the former, but it will certainly be more ap- 
propriate if investigators can only agree on the question whether 
the cryptococcus of Rivolta is a saccharomyces. The author of 
the treatise has already adopted this nomenclature in presenting 
the pictures of the vegetable parasite. Moreover, as far as the 
clinical symptoms of the disease ordinarily have shown them- 
selves to us, it is hardly an epizodtic and seldom a lymphangitis, 
but an infection carried around in ordinary ways, resulting in 


320 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


the formation of sfeczfic ulcers as the common symptom. It is 
only in neglected cases and in those aggravated cases which have 
a tendency to run beyond control under treatment, that we see 
the development of lymphangitis, of cording and knotting of 
lymphatic vessels, etc. I think it would be wise, from the rea- 
sons indicated, to officially adopt the term ‘‘ Saccharomycosis far- 
ciminosis,” retaining as synonyms: epizootic lymphangitis, A fri- 
can farcy, pseudo-farcy, the names under which the disease be- 
came first known. 

This would leave us free to distinguish more easily the 
“ulcerative lymphangitis of Nocard,” which, according to our 
author, “is due to a Jacz//us discovered by Nocard in 1899. It 
is an ordinary saprophyte, easily stained by Gram’s method. As 
far as the author could gather from the literature on the sub- 
ject, it is a disease that has only been recognized in France.” 
But even in France this disease cannot be much known, because 
Joly* does not mention it anywhere. This disease also ‘ vesem- 
bles very much farcy, but there 1s an absence of the induration of 
the lymphatic glands, and the ulcers and sores easily yteld to 
treatment.’ I regret that the author makes here the mistake 
to conclude that the ‘“ tropical ulcers’ described by me (AMER- 
ICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, May, 1902,) may be nothing but 
‘“bursatti or a vesicular eruption as seen amongst horses run- 
ning at grass during the rainy season in India.” Of course, we 
know bursatti in America, and as our horses were daily under 
saddle chasing insurrectos, they had no time to run at grass. I 
admit that my description is not as readable as I could write it 
to-day in my comfortable study, and my failure to recognize the 
cryptococcus of Rivolta is explained by the conditions under 
which I was working; a field-microscope, badly battered by 
transport in wagon or on a pack-mule, and an upturned cracker- 
box serving as a table. However, I gave a good photograph 
(see Plate I) and even if this first account of the disease from 
the Philippines was inadequate, there have been since other ar- 
ticles published by our army veterinarians. Dr. Nockolds, 1st 
Cavalry, contributed two descriptions of the disease (A. V. RE- 
viEW, November, 1902, and May, 1903), and Dr. Jewell, 13th 
Cavalry, one article in the A. V. Review, (April, 1904), with 
two good photographs of an affected Filipino pony, and a 
second article in the “ Proceedings of the A. V. M. Association, 
1904.) Both veterinarians describe the symptoms of the dis- 
ease, varying only inconsiderably, and while they used the terms 


* Joly, Les maladies du cheval de troupe. 


— ss 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 32] 


“ulcerative lymphangitis’”’ (Nockolds) and ‘‘ Contagious ulcer- 
ative lymphangitis” (Jewell), and while Dr. Jewell even sug- 
gests that the disease would be more properly termed ‘‘ Cov/a- 
gious ulcerative dermatitis,” yet there is unfortunately no doubt 
that the disease present in the Philippines is the epizootic lym- 
phangitis as described by the author. These vaccilations in 
naming the disease and describing its symptoms, lead one to 
think that there may be differences in the character of the dis- 
ease at different times and in different localities. The author 
of the treatise himself generously admits that during his stay 
“772 China in 1900 he observed cases of so-called glanders, but 
there was no submaxillary glandular enlargement, no reaction 
of mallein, and no glanders lesions could be detected in the lungs 
or other internal organs on post-mortem examination, and that 
for want of a better name he considered that they were a form 
of pseudo-glanders. Whatever the disease was, it caused many 


- differences of option, especially amongst the German vetert- 


nary officers. Mallein was blamed for so-called unsatisfactory 
results, but few seem to have considered the possibility of two dts- 
eases being present and co-existing in many cases.” ‘Thus it is 
clear that. we do not as yet stand on firm ground as regards the 
best name and the true characteristics of the disease, but time, 
continued study and publications of veterinarians from different 
countries affected will ultimately straighten out all these dis- 
crepauicies. 

In the chapter on “ Experimental inoculation and susceptt- 
ble spectes,” the author states that according to ‘‘ Tokishige’s ex- 
periments the disease may also affect cattle, but that he is in- 
clined to think that this requires further corroboration.” Nocard 
and the author reproduced the disease by inoculation in horses, 
mules, and donkeys, but failed in cattle, goats, and guinea-pigs. 
Dr. Jewell, 13th Cavalry, states that the disease does not affect 
cattle in the Philippines, and my own experience is that we 
used many hundreds of native trotting oxen for light transpor- 
tation, whica mingled with affected horses, but I never observed 
infection of cattle during twoyears. The author further men- 
tions that a man inoculated himself with the disease in Banga- 
lore, India, in 1899, numerous bubos forming along the course 
of the lymphatics, right up to the armpit, but that after suffer- 
ing severely for several weeks a cure was effected. 

Under “ Jmmunity”? Tokishige is quoted as stating that the 
popular idea among farmers in Japan is that one attack reduces 
the predisposition of the animal to the disease, but that this 


322 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


appears as questionable. Other writers on the subject have sel- 
dom omitted to point out the likelihood of the disease recurring. 

The chapter on “ 7veatment,” which is divided by the au- 
thor into external and internal treatment, enumerates different 
drugs applied and the results obtained, and recommends “ the 
complete extirpation of the tissues invaded, followed by the 
actual cautery and antiseptic dressing.” Our own treatment, 
particularly during the earlier Philippine campaign, consisted 
only of the use of Creolin (Pearson) with dressings, which is 
all we had, and the results obtained were generally satisfactory 
if the disease could be taken under treatment at once. There 
were several obstinaceous cases that tried one’s patience, and I 
particularly remember two cases that ran beyond control, in 
spite of treatment and the condition of the horses became such 
that they had to be destroyed. As internal treatment the au- 
thor recommends ‘administering compounds of iodine and 
mercury, both of which seem to have more or less specific effect 
on the disease, particularly mercury.” 

The treatise finishes in considering the ‘“* Prophylaxzs,” in 
which are given fifteen rules for preventing the spread of the 
disease. ‘These rules are thoughtfully brought together and are 
evidently the result of an extended practical acquaintance with 
the disease. 

Altogether the treatise on ‘“‘ Epizootic lymphangitis” is a 
very valuable contribution to our knowledge of this disease, and 
Captain Pallin should be thanked for its laborious preparation 
and publication. OLOF SCHWARZKOPF. 


VETERINARY Hisrory.—Dr. A. S. Alexander, replying to 
an inquiry by a correspondent of the Breeder's Gazette of May 
24, as to the “Origin of Veterinary Science,” dates its incep- 
tion back to the writings of Homer and Xenophon, but says the 
true founder was Vegetius, who wrote ‘‘ De Arte Veterinaria,” 
300 A. D. Coming down to more modern data, he credits the 
first veterinary school to France, where the Lyons School was 
established under royal patronage in 1761, quickly followed by 
Alfort in 1766. ‘Then the Veterinary College of London, Eng., 
was opened in 1791. Bringing the history to America, he as- 
serts that the first school to open its doors in this country was 
the Ontario Veterinary College (Toronto) in 1863. Dr. Alex- 
ander in this last statement has failed to observe that the New 
York College of Veterinary Surgeons had been in operation six 
years when Prof. Smith started his school. 


eee | te ee 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 323 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


GERMAN REVIEW. 
By ADOLPH EICHHORN, D., V. S., Bureau of Animal Industry, Great Bend, Kansas, 


SALIVATION IN A HORSE—CURE WITH PILOCARPIN.—The 
horse salivated to such a degree that the saliva flowed in great 
quantities from the mouth; the appetite remained good; in 
general condition, however, tlhe animal has somewhat fallen off. 
Parotid hard and swollen. The duration of this condition 
about three months. After numerous and unsuccessful . treat- 
ments, the author injected the horse with pilocarpin hydro- 
chlorate, to irritate the gland; at first 0.3 gm., which was fol- 
lowed bya diminishing in the flow of saliva. On the following 
day, 0.4 gm., and on the next day 0.5 gm. were injected. Fur- 
ther diminishing of salivation was noticeable. This treatment 
was followed by the application of iodine and iodide of potas- 
sium ointment to the gland. Recovery took place.—(Wochen- 
schr. f. Thierhewlk.) 

Two CASES OF UTERINE RUPTURES IN Cows |/. AKukule- 
vic|.—Case [.—A five-year-old cow manifested great labor 
pains, at the same time gradually the abdomen becanie greatly 
enlarged. After two days, the cow was found lying on the left 
side, without any labor pains. In palpating the greatly dis- 
tended abdomen on the right side the foetus and its movements 
were felt. The right half of the perineal region was greatly 
distended. The outside of the thigh, and anteriorly to this the 
parts of the abdomen, were considerably swollen, and inside of 
this swelling the foetus was palpable with its head in the region 
of the stifle; also the edges of the rupture of the abdominal 
muscles were felt. Efforts to bring the foetus into the birth 
passage were fruitless. The cow was slaughtered, and at the 
same time Czesarean section was performed, so that the calf was 
saved and brought up. On the right abdominal wall a rupture 
of about 60 cm. was present, also a rupture of the right horn of 
the uterus was found. Case //.—Clinically this was just the 
same as the previously described case. As here also the efforts 
to bring the calf into the right passage remained unsuccessful, 
the cow was slaughtered, and the calf saved by performing 
Czesarean section at the right time. The author believes 


324 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


that the uterine ruptures during the act of parturition were 
caused by the extraordinary size of the calves, as traumatic 
interference could positively be excluded. — (AJ/atorvost 
Capok.) 

A CASE OF CARCINOMA OF THE Ca4icuM IN A Doc [ Prof. 
de Mets and Prof. Parascandolo|.—A bull dog refuses all nour- 
ishment, becomes noticeably emaciated and vomits bile con- 
stantly and violently, writhes from pain, and passes feeces only . 
every 3 or 4 days. Collapse, general debility, complete ces- 
sation of defecation and urination. Meteorism of the abdomen, 
especially so on the sides. The cause of the constipation is es- 
tablished through laparotomy. After isolating and removing 
the head of the ceecum, a large portion of this was found to be 
covered with a tough new formation, which was removed by re- 
secting the head of the cecum. The distal end of the caecum 
and the end of the small intestines were united with the aid of a 
Murphy button, the peritoneum and the wound closed with su- 
tures. Antiseptically bandaged. The tumor qualified itself as 
a carcinoma annulare. The pulse increased in two hours from 
78 to 120; temperature after 6 hours 36°C. The patient com- 
plains and passes a small quantity of urine, receives caffein, 
camphor, tinct. valerian, ether. The temperature rises in two 
days to 39°; pulse unchanged, high. Endovenous injections of 
artificial serum was given. Cessation of vomiting; milk and 
egg is retained by the stomach. After four days the pulse is 
thready and hardly perceptible; respiration is accelerated. On 
the fifth day exztus letalis. At the autopsy no sign of bleed- 
ing can be noticed. The serous covering of the intestines at 
the place where brought together was found completely united. 
No signs of peritonitis. As the cause of death the authors 
suspect an autointoxication. — (Arch. fi Wissen. u. prakt. 
Thierh.) 

CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE HISTOLOGICAL 
CHANGES OF THE PANCREAS, IN PANCREATIC DIABETES [A. 
fTalasz|.—Although the connection between the affections of 
the pancreas and diabetes mellitus was brought to attention 
by Cowley as early as 1788, and also mentions were made of 
this possibility by Bright, Lloyd, Fredrichs and Lanceraux, the 
teaching of pancreatic diabetes, however, had not won a sound 
basis until Mehring and Munkowski succeeded in producing a 
severe pronounced diabetes through extirpation of the pancreas 
in dogs. However, positive pathological conditions were not re- 
corded, as on one side the pancreas failed to reveal lesions in 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 325 


men succumbed from severe diabetes, or were only present to a 
very slight extent, and on the other, severe affections of the 
pancreas were found without the accompaniment of diabetes. 
The pathology of pancreatic diabetes was not based on positive 
grounds until the attention was directed to the conditions of 
the islands of‘ Langerhan in diabetes. Said islands are present 
in every pancreas and are representing 0.07.-0.03 mm. large, 
round masses of cells of irregular formations. They remain in- 
tact in case of ligation of the pancreatic duct, and also in dis- 
eased conditions of the pancreas; however, in cases of diabetes 
mellitus, will show an affection by themselves or in a prepon- 
derating degree. Ebner was the first who attributed carbohy- 
drate changes to these islands of Langerhan; their diseased 
condition in diabetes mellitus was first proved by Scobelen, 
then Opic, Weichselbaum, Stangel, etc. Weichselbaum and 
Stangel differentiated three forms of affections, namely, the sim- 
ple atrophy, the vacuol formations, and the hydropic degenera- 
tion, also the new formation of the connective tissue. ‘The au- 
thor examined histologically the pancreas in 15 cases of diabetes 
mellitus, and found in every case the changes in the islands of 
Langerhan. ‘he changes were not the same in every case; 
they showed sometimes simple atrophy, while in other cases 
sclerosis, still in others they transformed in a homogenous 
colloidal mass, sometimes again showed a change in the walls 
of the vessels or of the epithelial cells. The atrophied islands 
are in most cases elongated, the cells contain little plasma and 
are irregular ; their nucleus takes stain intensely; the islands 
are sometimes surrounded by a capsule of strong connective tis- 
sue. In other cases a swelling, and in every case a colloidal 
degeneration of the epithelial cells was noticeable. In several 
cases, the vessels of the islands proved a hyaline degeneration. 
In the majority of cases, the changes of the islands caused a 
primary diseased condition of the vessels, through which the 
connection of arterial sclerosis in diabetes mellitus can be ex- 
plained.—(Orvosz hetilap.) 

ARSENIC-CANTHARIDES OINTMENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF 
SKIN Warts [/ecus].—The author recommends the following 
formula: RB Arsenici albi, pulveris cantharidum, aa 1.0; olei 
terebinthinae venalis, 2.0; olei lini, cerae flavae, aa 5.0. M. 
ft. unguentum. Sig. Externally. The warts to be rubbed 
twice with this ointment at intervals of several days. The oint- 
ment is of a somewhat hard consistence, and should be warmed 
on the fire before use.—(Schweztz. Arch. f, Threrh.) 


326 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


FRENCH REVIEW. 
By Prof. A. LIAUTARD, M. D., V. M. 


OSSEOUS AND CARTILAGINOUS MELANOSIS [Pra. /. Nico- 
/as|.—This affection has not been frequently observed. With 
the exception of Bru, Spooner, Lenat, Frohner, Cadeac, and 
Cunningham, who related cases of it, the literature is poor. 
The following case adds to the history: At an abattoir the car- 
cass of a white horse was seized because of generalized melano- 
sis and the following were observed: it existed principally in 
the bony marrow and the bony tissue itself. There were 
melanotic infiltrations and tumors. The pericardium was slight- 
ly affected. The myocardium and vascular trunks were not. 
All the lymphatic glands were diseased, although not exten- 
sively. The lungs had a few blackish spots, the pleura also. 
There were deposits in the trachea; the liver contained many, 
the spleen very few. If the general mass of the organism 
showed only slight lesions, it was not so with the skeleton. In 
the head, the maxillaries presented in the spongy structure me- 
lanotic deposits; they were small. ‘There were some also in 
the occipital and the temporal. In the trunk all the bones were 
more or less affected. The vertebrz, cervical, dorsal, lumbar, 
and even caudal, presented in their spongy structure marks of 
melanosis, very extensive in the cervical, somewhat less in the 
dorsal and gradually diminishing in the others. The sternum 
was extensively affected. The ribs more or less. It was no- 
ticed that for the bones of the trunk, those of the anterior part 
were less affected than the posterior. In the extremities also 
all: the bones were extensively diseased. In the scapula the 
spongy tissue was black, the periosteum slightly diseased, the 
cartilages of prolongation free from it. The humerus, radius 
aud cubitus, the coxe, the femur, the patella, the tibias were 
also more or less affected, not only in the spongy tissue, but on 
the periosteum and on the articular cartilages. In the digital 
regions no trace of pigment was found; from the carpus and 
tarsus down every one was normal.—(/ourz. de Zodtechnie, Jan., 
1905.) 

TORSION OF THE UTERUS—ABNORMAL RETENTION OF 
Fa:TusEs IN A SLut [J/r. Bonnet|.—This slut was seven years 
old. For three days she had been dull, refusing her food. Some 
two week previous she acted as if she was going to have pups, 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 327 


although she was not suspected to be pregnant. The genital 
organs examined revealed nothing ; the os uteri was well con- 
tracted and the vaginal walls felt perfectly normal. However, 
in examining the abdomen, her condition was readily made out ; 
several foetuses were felt in the uterus. Surgical interference 
was decided upon and the Ceesarean operation adopted as the one 
indicated. The animal well prepared with all precautions of 
anzesthesia, asepsy and antisepsy, the abdomen was opened. A 
large quantity of rosy, semi-purulent fluid escaped. It was use- 
less to continue the operation ; the animal was killed. At the 
post-mortem five dead foetuses, in an advanced state of putrefac- 
tion were found ; one floating among the intestinal mass and sur- 
rounded by its placenta, one engaged ina laceration of the 
right horn; the others were still attached to the walls of the 
uterus in the left horn. The uterus was entirely twisted, the 
right horn having turned round the left, which acted as an axis 
while the other was going round it. The borders of the uterine 
wound were thickened and purple in color. The bladder had 
also been displaced, was largely distended and filled with fluid 
having a strong odor of fermentation. All the other organs were 
sound. (Journ. de Zobtechnte, Jan., 1905.) 
TUBERCULOUS PERICARDITIS IN A DoG [Prof G. Leblanc]. 

A large sized Danish slut. has lately acted sick, and gets large. 
She still eats well. She shows evidence of Beeites: “the abdo- 
men contains an enormous quantity of liquid. She has no cough 
and has no indications of having been exposed to tuberculosis. 
However, this is suspected. On percussion of the chest, when 
the animal is lying, dullness is perceived in the cardiac region. 
When she is standing, there is also dullness, but on both sides 
and not horizontal, asin case of pleurisy or hydrothorax. On 
auscultation the respiratory murmur is not heard on either side, 
except near the vertebral groove and a little on the middle and 
superior part on the right. The beatings of the heart are en- 
tirely unheard on either side. Pulse is accelerated and strong. 
An intra-pericardiac collection is suspected. After a few days 
of treatment, the animal is destroyed. Post-mortem: about 10 
litres of serosity are taken from the abdomen; the liver is en- 
larged, a true cardiac liver ; kidneys congested. In the chest a 
large quantity of fluid in the pleural cavity, no inflammation of 
the pleura ; lungs pushed upwards ; pericardium forms an enor- 
mous sac, filling the three quarters of the thoracic cavity; the 
serous coat is thick and fibrous, and contains two litres of seros- 
ity. In opening the pericardial sac, the dilated heart is ex- 


328 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


posed and numerous tuberculiform growths are found on the 
sutface of the pericardium and in the structure of the heart. 
The endocardium and the valves are sound. No tuberculosis in 
the lungs ; lymphatic glands are healthy.—(/ourn. de Zo0technie, 
Feb., 1905.) 

PARALYSIS OF THE LOWER JAW IN A DoG—SLOow RECOv- 
ERY [_/. Necolas|.—This affection is considered in dogs as one 
of the most characteristic of dumb rabies ; however, it is not 
pathognomonic of this disease. It has indeed been observed 
with other affections and numerous are cases on record, such as 
those of Moller, Galtier, Waltrup, Caussé, Youatt, and many 
others. Whatever may be the causes, which are sometimes diffi- 
cult to demonstrate, there are cases of recovery of the paralysis 
which seem to exclude the idea of its being essentially a symp- 
tom of rabies. The following is another. For four days this 
dog is dull, has lost his appetite, has paralysis of the lower jaw, 
saliva escapes from the mouth. ‘‘ Evidently,” says the owner, 
who has had other dogs affected with rabies, ‘‘this dog has the 
same trouble.” Besides this, the dog walks staggeringly. Dur- 
ing three days that he is under observation, he does not become 
aggressive, not even excited; he remains always laying down 
and refuses all food. On the fourth day, it was expected that 
he would be found dead; he is not, but is next to it, as he is so 
thin and has lost so much flesh that he has the aspect of a dog 
in the advanced stage of paralytic rabies. But it is observed 
that when the dogkeeper is to take hold of him, the dog wags his 
tail. Is he suffering with rabies? is the question. An examination 
of the mouth, which was not made at first, is carried out with- 
out result. The next day the dog begins to eat; meat placed 
in his mouth is swallowed. He digs his whole nose in the pail 
containing his food and succeeds in taking most of his meal. 
From this day, he becomes more gay, more coaxing; by degrees 
the general symptoms subside ; locomotion becomes firmer ; in 
a week he is returned to his master in good health. He had re- 
ceived no treatment whatsoever.—(/ourn. de Zootechnie, Feb., 
905.) 

UMBILICAL HERNIA IN A FILLY—RADICAL OPERATION— 
RECOVERY [ Prof. Coguot|.—This filly is thoroughbred and two- 
and-half years old. Born with the hernia, this has grown grad- 
ually and is now as big as the fist. She has been submitted to 
several treatments. Not liking nitric acid applications, the use 
of the clamp was resorted to, but failed, as two months after the 
tumor was as large as before. "The use of the forceps of Benaud 


PIS es 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 329 


was not any more successful. Finally, as the hernia was enlarg- 
ing, as the animal was becoming subject to repeated attacks of 
colics, from failure of the alimentary masses to pass, and finally 
as there was danger of strangulation, it was decided to resort to 
the operation for radical recovery, viz., the surgical closing of 
the umbilical ring with sutures. After preparation, the animal 
was secured and the parts thoroughly aseptized. An incision 
of the skin made on the median line exposed the hernial sac. 
The hernial tract was found cylindrical, six centimetres long 
and with the walls indurated. The edges of the ting were 
excised slightly and scraped with the bistoury and brought to- 
gether with four strong sutures of silk. The flaps of skin were 
trimmed and sutured with Florence hair. Salol dressing was 
put on and kept with adhesive plaster. The whole was covered 
with a pad of pasteboard held in place by a bandage. There 
were no serious complications.—(Rec. de Med. Vet., March 15, 
1905.) 

A SURPRISE OF POST-MORTEM [//. Lenjamin|.—Calling 
at a stable to visit a lame animal, the author had his attention 
called to a ten-year-old horse which has been ailing for a week. 
There is nothing particular, except that he refuses his oats, eat- 
ing only hay and mashes. For better opportunity to examine 
him, he is sent to the hospital of Mr. B., where it is proposed to 
purge him ; but as he eats that day some six litres of oats, the 
purgation is not given. During the night the horse is heard 
kicking in his stall and when looked at he is found suffering 
with paralysis of the right hind-leg. His urine is clear and 
normal in appearance. ‘The next day he is put in slings, but 
hangs down in them-; he is let down and dies during the night. 
At the post-mortem lesions of very acute peritonitis are found, 
and (here is the surprise): ‘‘ The left kidney is the seat and the 
centre of an enormous tumor, extending to the right beyond the 
median line, and which is filled with white grumulous pus. 
Both kidneys were enlarged. On section, their parenchyma is 
purplish and wine colored.” It is regrettable that rectal exam- 
ination had not been made, as it might have given some indica- 
tion of the condition, which during life had never been mani- 
fested by the animal.—(Bwdlet. de la Soc. Cent., March, 
1905.) 

STRANGLES—ABSCESS OF THE SUPERIOR MOLAR GLAND 
EXTENDING TO THE MENINGES [JZ. JZ. Augustin].—Aged four 
years, this mare is ailing. She is dull, is rather feverish. ‘The 
next day she is found with an enormous swelling of the entire 


330 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


left side of the head. It has invaded all the region of the mas- 
seter, spreading to the parotid, and the eyelids are kept closed. 
The whole region is warm, painful, hard ; mastication is diffi- 
cult; no appetite; abundant diarrhcea. Temperature 4o° C. 
The diagnosis of purpura is set aside, and a deep abscess is sus- 
pected. Treatment is prescribed accordingly. No improve- 
ment is shown. Slight deep fluctuation is detected and puncture 
made with the thermo-cautery, but without result. General 
weakness becomes more and more marked. ‘The animal can 
scarcely stand up. Another puncture is made and bloody red- 
dish pus with the typical aspect of salivary pus, escapes in small 
quantity. The condition continues to get worse ; the weakness 
is more marked ; diarrhcea continues ; hepatized spots are dis- 
covered on auscultation of the lungs. Death occurred on the 
fourth day. Post-mortem: The masseter, removed by slices, 
covers a small abscess, which in the deep layer communicates 
with a larger accumulation in the molar gland. The pus macer- 
ated the surrounding tissues of the masseter muscles, the alve- 
olo-labialis and the pterygoideus. Not collected into one pouch, 
it runs backwards, deeply inwards, round the temporo-maxillary 
joint, which is the seat of inflammation. A larger collection 
of pus exists in the spterygoideus muscies, which extends up- 
wards under the sphenoid, and finally enters the cranial cavity 
through the occipito-spheno-temporal hiatus. The meninges 
are gorged with blood, inflamed, thickened. In the abdominal 
cavity there were lesions of enteritis and in the thorax those 
of diffused pulmonary gangrene.—(Rev. Gener. de Med. Vet, 
March, 1905.) 


THE chairman of the Army Legislation Committee of the 
American Veterinary Medical Association, Dr. William Herbert 
Lowe, of New Jersey, attended a conference in Philadelphia on 
May 13 relative to proposed army legislation. 

PLAGUE IN CaTs.—W. Hunter’s conclusions as to the occur- 
rence of plague in cats, are as follows: 1: Cats suffer from 
plague. 2. The disease may beacute or chronic. 3. The type 
of the disease is septiceemic. 4. These animals may occasion- 
ally play a part in the dissemination of plague. 5. In plague 
infected districts possible plague infection in cats is of great im- 
portance from a domestic point of view. 6. In plague infected 
areas cats probably become infected through plague rats and 
mice which they devour as food.—(London Lancet, April 22.) 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


YY 
Go 
= 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


VETERINARY INTERESTS IN CUBA—SOME NATIVE CHARACTER- 
ISLICS: 


SANTIAGO DE LAS VEGAS, CUBA, May 3, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review : 


DEAR Sirs:—Possibly some notes from a ‘ tenderfoot”’ in 
this tropical country may be of interest to American veterina- 
rians. 

In the investigation of animal diseases very little original 
work has been done in the Latin American countries, and there 
is very little modern veterinary literature in the Spanish lan- 
guage. 

One of the first difficulties to be overcome in the study of 
animal diseases here is to recognize the well-known diseases from 
the common Spanish names. I have found a number of famil- 
iar diseases and some that are new to me. 

As would be expected, parasitic diseases are common and 
quite serious. Cattle are troubled a great deal with ticks (B. 
Australis), and other varieties are found on other domestic ani- 
mals. A remedy used here for ticks and one of the most effh- 
cient I have ever tried is a drug called Cebadzlla, evidently the 
ground seeds and leaves of one or more species of Schano cau- 
lon, which is imported from Mexico. One pound of Cedadzla 


_ is putin five gallons of strong alcohol (Agwardzente) and allowed 


to stand a few days. It is applied by hand dressing with a rag. 
It is also a much more efficient insecticide than the emulsions 
that are commonly used. As alcohol can be purchased for twelve 
cents per gallon it is not a very expensive remedy. Calves 
and sometimes older cattle suffer seriously in some localities 
from lung worms (S. mzcrurus) and also from liver flukes (7. 
hepatica). Scabies is occasionally seen in horses, but I have not 
seen it in cattle. Black-leg is common in calves, and outbreaks 
of anthrax also occur in cattle. Bovine tuberculosis is rare, 
although human tuberculosis is common. Tetanus is very fre- 
quent, and wounds must be carefully treated to guard against 
this infection and to prevent invasion of ‘‘ screw flies.” 

There are very few qualified veterinarians in Cuba, and 
most of them are graduates of Spanish or French veterinary 
schools. In the country districts most of the veterinary work 
is performed by farmers and blacksmiths, and as most of them 


332 CORRESPONDENCE. 


can neither read nor write their work is very crude. Actual 
cautery in a severe form is common. Bulls are castrated by 
twisting the scrotum over a forked stick and striking the 
“ cord”? several times with another stick until it is severed, no 
incision being made in the skin. Many ridiculous superstitious 
forms are also practiced for curing diseases in animals. The 
writer prescribed for a case of acute indigestion, only to learn 
later that the horse was cured by getting a small twin girl to 
make the sign of the cross over it—a remedy that is believed to 
be infallible. N.S. Mayo. 
TO REGULATE THE PUBLIC SERVICE OF STALLIONS IN WIS- 
CONSIN. 

MADISON, WIs., May 9, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review - 

DEAR S1rs :—Please find enclosed copy of our new stallion 
service act, which should prove of great interest to veterina- 
rians as well as horse-breeders. 

The bill was drafted by me and is the first step in a propa- 
ganda we have started for the advancement of horse-breeding 
in Wisconsin. 

Note the clause relative to soundness of stallions. We could 
not compel the owners to employ a veterinarian to make exam- 
ination of stallions—or could not get such a provision through 
the legislature, but the clause as it stands will practically make 
it certain that veterinarians will be called in to examine the 
stallions, for I conclude that an owner will be afraid to make 
affidavit as to soundness of his horse without having a veteri- 
narian’s opinion on the matter. 


Sincerely yours, A. S. ALEXANDER, MCD SE. 
Prof. Vet. Science and Horse breeding, Wis. Agrl. College, 
Prof, Vet. Hygiene, Breeding, etc., C. V. C. 


* 


* * 
Senate Bill No, 216, approved April 22, 1905. 
A BILL: TO REGULATE THE PUBLIC SERVICE OF STALLIONS IN 
WISCONSIN. 
The people of the State of Wisconsin, represented in Senate and 
Assembly, do enact as follows : 

SECTION I. Every person, firm or company standing or 
traveling any stallion for profit or gain in this state shall cause 
the name, description, and pedigree of such stallion to be en- 
roled by the department of horse breeding of the college of 


4 (aban a ~ 


CORRESPONDENCE. Jan 


agriculture, university of Wisconsin, and procure a certificate of 
such enrolment, from said department, which shall thereupon 
be presented to and recorded by the register of deeds of the 
county in which said stallion is used for public service. 

SECTION 2. In order to obtain the license certificate herein 
provided for, the owner of each stallion shall make oath before 
a notary public that such stallion is, to the best of his knowl- 
edge, free from hereditary, contagious or transmissible unsound- 
ness or disease, or, in lieu thereof, may file a certificate of sound- 
ness signed by a duly qualified veterinarian, who shall be a 
regular graduate of a recognized veterinary college, and shall 
forward this affidavit, or veterinarian’s certificate, together with 
the stud book certificate of registry of the pedigree of the said 
stallion and other necessary papers relating to his breeding and 
ownership to the department of horse breeding of the college of 
agriculture. 

SECTION 3. The officers of the department or horse breed- 
ing of the said college of agriculture, whose duty it shall be to 
examine and pass upon the merits of each pedigree submitted, 
shall use as their standard for action the stud books and signa- 
tures of the duly authorized presidents and secretaries respect- 
ively of the various horse pedigree registry associations, socie- 
ties or companies recognized by the department of agriculture, 
Washington, D. C., and shall accept as pure-bred, and entitled 
to a license certificate as such, each stallion for which a pedi- 
gtee registry certificate isfurnished bearing the signature of the 
president and secretary of a government-recognized and ap- 
proved stud book. 

* 

SECTION 4. ‘The owner of any stallion standing for public 
service in this state shall post and keep affixed, during the en- 
tire breeding season, copies of the license certificate of such 
stallion, issued under the provisions of the next succeeding sec- 
tion, in aconspicuous place both within and upon the outside 
of the main door leading into every stable or building where 
the said stallion stands for public service. 

SECTION 5. ‘The license certificate issued for a stallion 
whose sire and dam are of pure breeding and the pedigree of 
which is registered in a stud book recognized by the govern- 
ment department of agriculture, shall be in following form : 

University of Wisconsin, 
College of Agriculture, 
Department of Horse Breeding. 


334 CORRESPONDENCE. 


CERTIFICATE OF PURE-BRED STALLION NO. ——. 

The pedigree of the stallion (name) . 

Owned by . . se: 

Described as follows : 

(lon) sehen. vg ae cake GD teed ae : 

Foaled in the year , has been examined at the Col- 
lege of Agriculture, and it is hereby certified that the said stal- 
lion is of pure breeding and is registered in a stud book recog- 
nized by the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 

(Signature)... , 
Dean of the College of Agriculture. 
The license certificate issued for astallion whose sire or dam 
is not of pure breeding shall be in the following form : 
University of Wisconsin, 
College of Agriculture, 
Department of Horse Breeding. 
CERTIFICATE OF GRADE STALT,ION NO. ——. 

The pedigree of the stallion (name) . 

Owned by. . ha say Gap aad & 

Described as follows : 

(Color) . veg ts Pia bee lien, eee 

Foaled in the year — , has been examined at the College 
of Agriculture, and it is found that the said stallion is not of 
pure breeding and is, therefore, not eligible for registration in 
any stud book recognized by the Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C. 


(Signature). . : 
Dean of the College of Agriculture. 
The license certificate issued for a stallion whose sire and 
dam are pure bred, but not of the same breed, shall be in the 
following form : 
University of Wisconsin, 
College of Agriculture, 
Department of Horse Breeding. 
CERTIFICATE OF CROSS-BRED STALLION NO.——— 
The pedigree of the stallion Seiten’ 
Owned by... 
Described as follows: 
Color . Parle Sete cee So helg i eee 
Foaled in the year. , has been examined at the college 
of agriculture, and it is found that his sire is registered in the 
and: Wisidasmyansthe). 2... 
Such being the case, the said stallion is not eligible for 1 reg- 


ia ae 


CORRESPONDENCE. 335 


istration in any stud book recognized by the Department of 
Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 
(Stonatnne). icae an lnbisiye sce skh 44 
Dean of the College of Agriculture. 

SECTION 6. Every bill, poster, or advertisement issued by 
the owner of any stallion enroled under this act, or used by him 
for advertising such stallion, shall contain a copy of its certifi- 
cate of enrolment. 

SECTION 7. A fee of $2.00 shall be paid to the horse breed- 
ing department of the college of agriculture, university of Wis- 
consin, for the examination and enrolment of each pedigree and 
for the issuance of a license certificate in accordance with the 
breeding of the stallion, as above provided. 

SECTION 8. Upon a transfer of the ownership of any stal- 
lion enroled under the provisions of this act, the certificate of 
enrolment may be transferred to the transferee by the depart- 
ment of horse breeding of the college of agriculture upon sub- 
mittal of satisfactory proof of such transfer and upon payment 
of the fee of 50 cents. 

SECTION g. Violation of any of the provisions of this act 
shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding fifty dollars. 

SECTION 10. This act shall take effect and be in force from 
and after January 1, 1906. 


LAUREL AS A POISON FOR DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 


The following letter from the Bureau of Plant Industry, De- 
partment of Agriculture, in reply to a private inquiry by Dr. 
Bell, is published, as it is deemed of importance to the profession 
at large: 


U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 
BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, 
WASHINGTON, D. C., May 9, 1905. 
Dr. Roscoe R. Bell, Brooklyn, N. Y.: 

DEAR SIR :—Your letter of the 4th inst., addressed to Dr. 
D. E. Salmon, Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry, making 
inquiry relative to the poisonous properties of the laurel, has 
been referred to this office for attention. 

In reply I beg to state that in the latter part of the eighteenth 
century, Peter Kalm described cases of poisoning in animals— 
horses, sheep, and cattle—from eating the laurel, and since then 
at intervals cases have been reported in the literature. It seems 
that these animals will eat laurel leaves, especially if they have 


336 CORRESPONDENCE. 


been deprived of green food for some time. The symptoms pro- 
duced by laurel poisoning are nausea, frothing at the mouth, 
dullness, inability to stand, drowsiness, stupor, disinclination to 
move, irregularity in breathing, and even paralysis and death. 
In one case of poisoning of a sheep which occurred under our 
observation, the symptoms were marked, but it is thought that 
the animal was probably saved by the persistent diarrhoea, so 
that it would seem advisable to aid nature by the administration 
of saline purgatives. In 1802 Thomas published some experi- 
ments in which he mixed lard with the laurel preparation, and 
he found that these preparations were very much less poisonous 
than controls in which no lard was used. The administration 
of lard in cases of poisoning by laurel is still popular among the 
farmers. 

We would certainly advise against pasturing animals in a 
field in which laurel is present. The subject of laurel poisoning 
is now under investigation in this laboratory, and it is hoped 
that more detailed information concerning the active principle 
and physiological action of this plant will be available in the 
near future. Very truly yours, 

ALBERT C. CRAWFORD, Pharmacologist. 


APPRECIATION OF TIMELY HELP. 
NASHVILLE, TENN., May 4, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review: 

DEAR SIRS :—State Senator H. E. Howse, a prominent 
merchant-politician of Nashville, championed the cause of the 
veterinary profession of Tennessee at the last session of the 
legislature of that State by introducing and having successfully 
passed Senate Bill No. 38. This legislative act regulates the 
practice of veterinary medicine by creating a Board of Veteri- 
nary Medical Examiners, etc. 

After the Senate had passed the Bill it was introduced in 
the Lower House by Hon. W. P. McClure and successfully 
passed that body. These two law-makers deserve the plaudits 
not only of the veterinarians of Tennessee and the South, but 
of the United States and America; in fact, each and every vet- 
erinarian should appreciate to the fullest extent the interest 
that a layman and friend takes in the development and protec- 
tion of our profession. 

Senator Howse and Representative McClure enjoy the 
unique distinction and honor of fathering the first veterinary 


CORRESPONDENCE. a By 


practice act which adorns the statute books of a Southern 
State. Yours very truly, 
GEORGE R. WHITE. 

[NoTEe.—In the statement that the recent law secured in 
Tennessee is the first practice act passed by a Southern State, 
our correspondent overlooks the fact that Virginia has had such 
a statute law for about ten years and North Carolina for at least 
three years.—R. R. B.] 


WANTED—SOME INFORMATION. 
LAUNCESTON, TASMANIA, April 3, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review ; 

DEAR Sirs :—While writing I would like to know if any 
of your readers, who have had a large practical experience of 
metritis, septic metritis, retention of the placenta, and peritoni- 
tis following parturition in the mare, can give me any hints re- 
garding the successful treatment of these affections. I have 
met with them a good deal in my practice, but cannot say that 
they have brought me much credit or satisfaction. Another 
point I would like some light on is the hypodermic dose of ci- 
trate of ergotine for the mare, and the toxic dose of liquor ex- 
tractum ergotze B. P. The doses advised in most works on 
therapeutics are quite useless. I am yours, etc., 

E. A. WESTON, G. M. V. C. 


UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA GETS $100,000 MORE—APPRO- 
_PRIATION FOR AN EXPERIMENT FARM FOR PENNSYLVANIA. 

PHILADELPHIA, May 15, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review : 

DEAR Sirs :—I hasten to inform you that the Governor has 
approved the act passed by the legislature of Pennsylvania ap- 
propriating $100,000 to the Veterinary Department of the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania. ‘This, together with the gift of $100,- 
000 received last fall, and other contributions in prospect, will 
enable us to establish the sort of institution that we have for 
many years been working and longing for. 

I am sure that the veterinary profession will also be inter- 
ested to know that the Governor has approved another act of 
assembly under which funds will be furnished for purchasing a 
farm and for providing equipment for the study of infectious 
diseases of animals. We will probably purchase a farm of 150 
acres in Delaware County that we have been using for the past 
year and a half in connection with our investigations in rela- 


338 CORRESPONDENCE. 


tion to the vaccination of cattle against tuberculosis. Dr. Gil- 
liland and I have 128 cattle in experiments on this subject. 
Ample funds are also provided for meeting the expenses inci- 
dent to the management of this work. 

While the Bureau of Animal Industry has a nice piece of 
ground in the country near Washington, for use in connection 
with its experimental work, and while some very good research 
work has been carried on at some of the agricultural experi- 
ment stations, this is the first instance in America, of which I 
have knowledge, in which a State has purchased and set aside a 
fairly well-equipped farm for use as an experiment station for 
the study of infectious diseases of animals. 

In Germany there are a few Seuchen Versuchsstationen, and 
there are some in other countries of Europe. It is strange that 
the States of the United States with their vastly greater live- 
stock possessions have not before this made more ample provis- 
ion for investigations concerning diseases of animals and for 
veterinary education. 

The veterinary profession of Pennsylvania has, as usual, 
worked as a unit for the attainment of these objects and is to be 
congratulated on its success in this, its greatest undertaking. 
A very heavy responsibility has been placed on those who have 
to plan and execute the work thus provided for and it is a 
source of great satisfaction to them.to know that they may de- 
pend on having the help and codperation of the veterinarians of 
the State. Very sincerely yours, 

LEONARD PEARSON. 


BECAUSE a horse is blind does not seem to be any reason 
why owners of good trotting-bred mares should not mate them 
with him at a high fee. There is a blind stallion now in the 
blue-grass district, which is getting all the stud business he can 
do ata fee of $100. 

For a long time it was popularly supposed that to obtain a 
large yield of rich milk from the cow was only a question of 
feeding. That idea is now very properly discredited by all who 
have studied the matter, and it is generally admitted that we 
cannot, under normal conditions, feed fat into milk to any ap- 
preciable extent, or for any length of time. The quality of 
richness of milk in butter-fat depends almost entirely on the 
breed and individuality of the cow, and no amount of feeding 
will ever convert a three-per-cent. cow into a four-per-cent. one. 
—(Robb.) 


. 
F 
; . 
. 
‘ 
4 
; 


7 


COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. 339 


COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. 


GRAND RAPIDS VETERINARY COLLEGE. 


The eighth annual commencement was held in the College 
Auditorium at 8 o’clock on the evening of March 30, 1905, when 
the following gentlemen received the degree of Doctor of Veter- 
inary Science: Charles H. Bay, Cambridge, Ohio; Levi P. 
Bailey, McBride, Mich.; N. D. Baldwin, Ludington, Mich. ; 
Amma Biddison, Viroqua, Wis. ; N. L. Boilore, Alpena, Mich. ; 
A. C. Branson, West Branch, Iowa; L. P. Conkey, Prairie De- 
pot, Ohio; T. F. Curtin, Pittsfield, Mass. ; J. A. Culbert, Grand 
Rapids, Mich.; R. G. Dingman, Prophetstown, Ill.; A. F. El- 
kin, Rossmoyne, Pa.; J. H. Elkin, Smicksburg, Pa.; E. L. 
Ferguson, Lyons, Mich.; Wm. H. Ferguson, Ionia, Mich. ; E. 
H. Fletcher, Belding, Mich.; W. D. Garratt, Marietta, Ohio ; 
P. S. Kingston, Madison, Wis.; C. C. Lane, Unadilla, Mich. ; 
George H. Lape, Albany, N. Y.; J. M. McMichael, Dowagiac, 
Mich.; Kenneth A. Miller, Kynston, Victoria, Australia; V. P. 
Norton, Grand Rapids, Wis.; Emmitt Otto, Clarksville, Mich.; E. 
A. Pettit, Ionia, Mich. ; Wm. E. Price, Milford, Ind. ; L. B. Rine- 
hart, Ludington, Mich. ; August F. Sauer, Grand Rapids, Mich. ; 
F. D. Seed, Wallaceburg, Ont., Canada; C. E. Steinburg, Ben- 
ton Harbor, Mich.; A. B. Warrener, Portsmouth, Ohio; R. E. 
Wise, Royal Center, Ind.; James P. Young, Pewee, W. Va. 

Dr. A. F. Elkin of Rossmoyne, Pa., received the gold medal, 
having passed the best general examination on all branches of 
the profession ; Dr. Emmitt Otto, of Lansing, Mich., received the 
silver medal for second place, and Dr. J. H. Elkin of Smicks- 
burg, Pa., was awarded the third prize. ‘The special prize of- 
fered by Dr. Armstrong for the best paper on materia medica 
went to Dr. R. E. Wise, of Royal City, Ind. 


MAN’s NOBLE FRIEND.—The barking of a Scotch terrier 
belonging to John McCarthy, of No. 66 South 2d St., Williams- 
burg, led to the discovery of a fire and was probably responsible 
for the saving of many of the lives of the sixteen persons asleep 
in the house at the time. Shortly before 5 o’clock McCarthy 
was awakened by the barking of the dog, which then jumped 
on the bed and began to paw at the bed covering. McCarthy 
found, when fully aroused, that the room was filled with smoke, 
and quickly warned the inmates of the house, who reached the 
street in safety.—(. Y. 7rzbuze.) 


340 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 
SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


THE REVIEW presents its compliments to Secretaries of 
Veterinary Medical Associations threughout the United States 
and Canada, and begs to again remind them that this journal 
earnestly desires to publish the transactions of every meeting 
held within that large territory. It points with pride to this 
department in Volume XXVIII, which include sos¢ of them ; 
but two or three have failed to avail themselves of our oft-re- 
peated invitation to give the profession at large the benefit of 
their deliberations. We want a closed volume of the REVIEW 
to constitute a complete record of everything of interest and 
value in a veterinary sense occurring in all the Americas during 
that period. 


MASSACHUSETTS VETERINARY ASSOCIATION: 


The twenty-first annual meeting and banquet of this Asso- 
ciation was held at Young’s Hotel, Boston, Wednesday evening, 
April 26. Members present were Drs. Beckett, Burr, Black- 
wood, Bunker, Babson, Babbitt, Cleaves, Emerson, Frothing- 
ham, Howard, Lee, Lewis, May, Maloney, Peters, Perry, Pierce, 
Playdon, Peterson, Winchester, Winslow and White. 

Dr. J. F. Ryder, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, was the 
guest of the evening. 

On motion of Dr. Perry, seconded by Dr. Thayer, the min- 
utes of the previous meeting were accepted as read. 

The name of Dr. Daniel D. Lee was read, to be voted upon 
for membership. 

On motion of Dr. Howard, seconded by Dr. Winslow, No. 5 
on the order of business was deferred to the next meeting. It 
was a tie vote and decided by the Chair that the motion should 
not prevail. 

On motion of Dr. Frothingham, seconded by Dr. Thayer, it 
was voted that the Secretary cast one ballot for the election of 
Dr. Lee. Dr. Daniel D. Lee was thereby elected a member. 

Dr. Winchester moved that the meetings of the ensuing 
year be held at Young’s Hotel or some central location agreeable 
to the Executive Committee. Seconded by Dr. Winslow. 
Carried. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 341 


The applications of Dr. John H. Meaney, of Athol, and Dr. 
Jacob G. Pfersick, of Greenfield, were received and were referred 
to the Executive Committee to be acted upon. 

On motion of Dr. Winchester, seconded by Dr. Bunker, it 
was voted to appoint a committee of three to submit a list of 
names for officers for the ensuing year. The committee then 
retired and in a short time returned, submitting their report. Dr. 
Winchester moved that the report be accepted, seconded by Dr. 
Lewis. Carried. 

On motion of Dr. Winchester, seconded by Dr. Babson, it 
was voted that the Secretary cast one ballot for the election of 
names submitted. 

The following were the officers chosen for the year 1905- 
1906: 

President—Daniel Emerson, M. D. V. 

First Vice-President—Aug. S. Cleaves, D. V. S. (reélected). 

Second Vice-President—Calvert H. Playdon, M. D. V. 

Secretary-Treasurer—Frank J. Babbitt, M. D. V. (reélected.) 

Executive Committee—Edward C..Beckett, M. D. V., Benj. 
Dkierce, D: V. 5. (reclected), L. H. Howard, D. V. S., Charles 
MViaslow. 19: VY. 5., and Chas: H. Perry, M. D. V. 

On motion of Dr. Bunker, seconded by Dr. Lewis, it was 
voted to adjourn the meeting, fvo tem. Next in order was the 
banquet, which was enjoyed by all. After dinner President 
Beckett again called the meeting to order. 

The report of the Secretary-Treasurer was then read. 

Dr. Frothingham moved that the report be accepted as read, 
seconded by Dr. Perry. Carried. 

Dr. Howard acted as toastmaster. Dr. Beckett was first 
called upon and responded in a genial manner, and at the con- 
clusion of his remarks surrendered the chair to President-elect 
Dr. Emerson. Dr. Emerson was then called upon and responded 
in a fitting manner, thanking the members for the honor be- 
stowed upon him. 

Dr. Ryder, of the B. A. I., was next called upon and spoke 
in an interesting manner, also having some statistics which were 
food for thought. 

Dr. Daniel D. Lee was next called upon as representing the 
B. A. I. atthis port in former years and told some interesting 
experiences. 

Dr. Frothingham was called upon as representative of the 
State Board of Registration and gave an interesting account of 
the work done by the board since its being established. 


342 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


Dr. Maloney was then called upon as a representative of the 
New York College of Veterinary Surgeons, and responded ina 
fitting manner. 

Dr. Aug. S. Cleaves responded as a graduate of McGill Uni- 
versity. 

Dr. Babson was next called upon as a representative of the 
Harvard Medical Alumni Association and State Board of Regis- 
tration, the toastmaster laying stress on the fact that he is one 
of our best workers for the advanceinent of the veterinary pro- 
fession. Dr. Babson responded in a fitting manner and answered 
many questions regarding registration. 

Dr. Winchester was last called upon asa representative of 
the American Veterinary College, and replied in a genial man- 
ner. 
Adjourned at 11 o’clock P. M. 

FRANK J. BABBITT, Secretary. 


THE Alumni Association of the Veterinary Department of 
the University of Pennsylvania will hold its annual banquet at 
Boothby’s, 1235 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, on the evening 
of June 14th. It will this year embrace the celebration of the 
Department’s recent good fortune in being the recipient ofa 
princely endowment and a generous appropriation from the 
State, and a number of prominent veterinarians of the country 
have been invited to attend and aid in the festivities of the joy- 
ous occasion. 


THE TENNESSEE STATE BOARD OF VETERINARY MEDICAL 
EXAMINERS held their first meeting in Knoxille, May 13th, at 
which time they organized and adopted rules and regulations 
for the government of the Board. The following officers were 
elected: President, Dr. Geo. R. White, Nashville; Vice-Presi- 
dent, Dr. J. W. Scheibler, Memphis; Secretary, Dr. M.. Jacob, 
Knoxville ; Treasurer, Dr. G. B. Blackman, Chattanooga. The 
above members hold commissions of appointment by Governor 
Toni, LoCox 


PREPARATIONS are well under way for the semi-annual meet- 
ing of the Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey, to be 
held at Washington Park, N. J., July 13th andr4th. Veterina- 
Tians, sanitarians and others interested are invited to at- 
tend. 


OUR NEW LABORATORIES 


replacing those destroyed by fire some months ago, are of fire- 
proof brick construction and thoroughly equipped with the latest 
and best machinery and apparatus. With nearly two acres 
of floor space and improved facilities throughout, our plant is 
now one of the largest devoted exclusively to the manufacture of 


STANDARD PHARMACEUTICALS, 


such as, U. S. P. Assayed and Standardized Fluid Extracts, 
Tinctures, Medicinal Syrups, Elixirs, Spirits, Wines, Cordials, 
Powders, Pastes, Embrocations, Lozenges, Hypodermic and 
Compressed Tablets, Surgical Dressings and Bandages, etc. 


SPECIALTIES used in VETERINARY and CANINE PRACTICE. 


VETRINOL (Veterinary Unguentine). 


Ideal antiseptic astringent ointment for Burns, Sores and Inflammatory Skin diseases. 
VETRINOL DUSTING POWDER. 


A dry dressing for Saddle and Collar Galls and all open sores on animals. 


ZEMACOL (Eczema Colloid). 


A specific for all eczematous conditions of cutaneous surfaces. 


CAPSICOL (Solidified Embrocation). 


The best and handiest counter-irritant. 
Takes the place of liniments, blisters, etc. 


KAODERMA. 


A soothing, antiphlogistic topical application. 


SYR. EUCALYPTUS CO/IP. 


For Coughs, Bronchitis, Laryngitis, Pneumonia, etc. 


THE NORWICH PHARMACAL COMPANY 


Main Offices: NORWICH, NEW YORK. NEW YORK OFFICE: 70 and 72 Fulton St. 
Branches: NEW YORK and CHICAGO. "Phone 3028 John. 

§@s> We make a specialty of preparing Private Formulas. Send yours 
in and get our prices. Write us for complete price catalogue, listing all 
goods of our make. 


CREOGEN-=-MARTIN 


(The Veterinarians Antiseptic.) 
The Busy Springtime Is Coming. 


You should see to it now that an abundant sup- 
ply of Creogen-Martin is in your drug cabinet. You 
will need it in every one of your parturition cases. 
It is unsurpassed for plain or cryptorchid castration, 
ovariotomy in the mare, cow and bitch. It covers 
the field of antiseptic veterinary surgery fully, from 
the simplest to the most complex and delicate opera- 
tions. Success in surgery depends almost entirely 
upon the reliability of the antiseptic agent used in 
the after-dressing of surgical wounds. Creogen does 
this, because it was designed to meet the everyday 
requirements of actual veterinary practice. 

Creogen can also be administered internally with 
marked benefit in gastric flatulence, or indigestion, 
contagious febrile fevers, eradication of internal para- 
sites, etc. There is no other preparation “just as 
good” order the genuine now. We are busy night 
and day filling orders for members of the profession 
all over the country. 1 gallon, $1.50, 5 gallons, $6.50, 
10 gallons, $12.00, prepaid. Special discount for 50 
gallon lots. 


Samples free to members of the profession. 


W. J. MARTIN CHEMICAL CO., 


KANKAKEE, ILLINOIS. 


-SANMETTO | 


A POSITIVE REMEDY 


DISEASES OF THE GENITO-URINARY ORGANS 


——Or— 


meen > BORSH AND DOG. 


Doctor, when you have a Horse or Dog suffering from 


KIDNEY, BLADDER OR URETHRAL TROUBLE 
—Nephritis, Cystitis, Urethritis— 

—OR FROM 

ANY IRRITATION or INFLAMMATION of the URINARY TRACT 


—Frequent, Scant or Bloody Urine— 


ORDER SANMETTO 


Sanmetto is largely used in Veterinary Practice for the above troubles and has been 
found Worthy and Reliable. It is also strongly endorsed and much used in AZOTURIA— 
many cases reported cured with it. Sanmetto acts as a vitalizing tonic to the Genito- 
Urinary Organs. It is eliminated from the System almost entirely through the Kidneys 
and Bladder—hence its soothing, healing and tonic power upon the entire Urinary Tract. 


To avoid substitution, order in original package, thus: 
R SANMETTO—one bottle—original package. 
Dost :—For Horse, one half to one ounce three times a day. 
For Dog, one teaspoonful three times a day. 
Price One Bottle, $1.00. Case of One Dozen Bottles, $8.00. Sold by all Reliable Druggista, 
Pamphlet on application. 


OD CHEM. CO., New York. 
11 


WILLIAM R. JENKINS, 


851 and 853 SIXTH AVENUE, NEW YORK. 


New Books for Veterinarians. 
The greatest book on the subject ever published in ANY language. 


HANDBOOK OF MEAT INSPECTION 


Dr. ROBERT OSTERTAG, Professor in the Veterinary High School at Berlin. 
AUTHORIZED TRANSLATION BY r 


Earley Vernon Wilcox, A.M.,Ph.D., Veterinary Editor, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Experiment 
Station Record. 


WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY 
John R. Mohler, A.I1.,V.11.D., Chief of Pathological Division U. S. Bureau Animal Industry. 
One vol., cloth, 634x934, 920 pages, 260 illustrations and one colored plate, $7.50. 


It describes minutely the normal appearances of parts and organs, and contains an elaborate 
account of all pathological conditions and processes with which the meat inspector comes in 
elt aaa This work contains not only the common conditions, but the unusual and puzzling as 
well. 

The discussion of the best methods of procedure with the meat of diseased animals is 
thorough, scientific and conservative. The chapters on methods of preservation and steriliza- 
tion of meat are up-to-date and of great value to packers and meat-dealers; and the chapters on 
meat poisoning and adulteration are of special interest to food chemists and Boards of Health. 

The work is exhaustive and authoritative because of Dr. Ostertag’s extended and excep- 
tional experience. It is a book greatly needed. The illustrations are very fine and the book 
altogether handsomely printed. 


By far the best work yet published on the subject, and is, I believe, destined to occupy an 
important place in veterinary literature.—George Lytle, M.D., Local Office of the Bureau of 
Animal Industry of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Chicago, Il. 

The work is a monumental one, and we are confident will hold its own in years to come.— 
The Veterinary Journal, London. 


Catechism of the Principles of Veterinary | The Veterinarian’s Call Book ( Perpetual.) 


Surgery. By W. E. A. Wyman, M.D.V., 
V.S., author of ‘‘ The Clinical Diagnosis 
of Lameness in the Horse,” “ Tibio-Pero- 
neal Neurectomy,’’ translator of DeBruin’s 
‘** Bovine Obstetrics,’’ etc. Cloth, size 6x9, 
317 pages, $3.50. Concerning this new 
work attention is called to the following 
points: 1.—It discusses the subject upon 
the basis of veterinary investigations. 2.— 
It does away with works on human path- 
ology, histology, etc. 3.—It explains each 
question thoroughly both from a scientific 
as well as a practical point of view. 4.— 
It is written by one knowing the needs of 
the student. 5.—It deals exhaustively 
with a chapter on tumors, heretofore 
utterly neglected in veterinary pathology. 
6.—The only work in English specializing 
the subject. 7.—The only work thorough- 
ly taking into consideration American as 
well as European investigations. 8 —Of- 
fering practical hints which have not ap- 
peared in print, the result of large city and 
country practice, 


A Treatise on Epizootic Lymphangitis. By 


Captain W. A. PALLIN, F.R.C.V.S. Cloth, 
5% x84, 90 pages, with 17 fine full page 
illustrations, $1.25 postpaid. The author 
has endeavored to combine his own ex- 
perience with that of other writers and so 
attempts to give a clear and complete ac- 
count of a subject about which there is 
little at present in English veterinary lit- 
erature. 


A Manual of General Histology. 


Horses’ Teeth. 


By RoscoE R. BELL, D.V.S., (Editor AMER- 
ICAN VETERINARY REVIEW.) Besides 206 
pages for keeping accounts of patients, it 
contains 41 pages of valuable information. 
Full flexible leather, with fap and pocket, 
$1.25. 


Anatomical and Physiological Model of the 


Cow and Model of the Horse. By GEORGE 
A. BANHAM, F.R.C.V S. Price of each 
Model, including Explanatory Text, $7 50. 
These Models, colored to nature, show all 
the Skeleton, Muscles, Internal Organs, 
etc., in their relative positions. Opened, 
they measure to feet by 3 feet. They show 
three different phases of the horse a# once, 
and fold up into a flat compass, measuring 
only 3% feet by 1% feet. 


By WIL- 
LIAM S. GOTTHEIL, M.D.. Professor of 
Pathology in the American Veterinary 
College, etc. Second edition, revised, 
cloth, size 5%4x8, 152 pages, 68 illustra- 
tions, $1.00. 


By WILLIAM H. CLARKE, 
Fourth edition, revised, cloth, size5%4x7%4, 
322 pages, illustrated, $2.50. A treatise on 
their mode of development, anatomy, mi- 
croscopy, pathology and dentistry; com- 
pared with the teeth of many other land 
and marine animals both living and ex- 
tinct. 


Any of the above books sent prepaid for the price. 
A new complete and illustrated Catalogue of all our books for Veterinarians, giving full de- 


scriptions, and in many cases specimen pages, is in course of publication. It will be one of the 
handsomest catalogues of its kind ever published. Wh 
sending a copy, as soon as it is ready, to any Veterinarian. 


When requested, we shall have pleasure in 


WILLIAM R: JENKINS, 
851 and 853 Sixth Avenue, cor. 48th Street, New York. 


* 


AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. 


WILY, T905. 


EDITORIAL. 


EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. 
PARIS, FRANCE, May 15, 1905. 

TICKS SURELY TRANSMITTORS OF PIROPLASMOSES.—I am 
in hope that what I wrote on the etiology of Texas fever in my 
last chronicle, and on the biology of the causal transmittor, have 
not been misunderstood, as advanced to upset the tick theory 
and to substantiate the objections presented by Mr. Megnin. 
The subject did appear to me interesting, and as a chronicler I 
ventured to use it for my purpose, reserving to myself the right 
to call the attention of my readers to anything that might come 
under my notice in relation to the subject. My chronicle for 
June was scarcely mailed when the Archiva Veterinara, of Bucha- 
rest, comes to me with an article from Prof. C. S. Motas on 
the subject, and which relates to experimental transmission of 
bovine piroplasmoses by ticks. 

To begin, Prof. Motas gives credit to the experiments made 
first of all in America by Smith, Kilborne and others, and then 
by Pound in Australia, Koch in Africa, Lignierés in Argentine, 
and which demonstrated the undoubted part played by ticks in 
the etiology of the disease, and proved also that the larve are 
capable of transmitting the infection. 

Later on, said Motas, Weber, Kossel, Schultz and Miesner 
demonstrated also that unsexually mature nymphe were also 
capable of infecting bovines. Therefore, it is to-day admitted 
by all and all over the world that ticks under their various 
stages of evolution are the means of transmitting bovine piro- 
plasmose. 

349 


350 EDITORIAL. 


Prof. Motas then remarks that in Roumania the disease is 
also propagated by ticks, and his experiments prove it. The 
bovine piroplasmose of Roumania is absolutely identical to that 
of other countries, to the point of view of the parasite as well as 
to that of the clinical aspect of the disease. The ticks that are 
intermediate belong to the gender RAzpicephalus annulatus. 
The experiments were carried on three animals, two belonging 
to the grey breed, the third a Schwitz cow. 

Larvee were obtained from female adult ticks, taken from 
diseased animals, in various parts of the country. 50 were 
placed on the Schwitz cow, between 250 and 300 on the others. 
The experiment was made in summer; the blood of the ani- 
mals had been examined several days before the experimeut. 
The result was the same on the three animals. The disease ap- 
peared between 12 and 14 days after the infection by the larve, 
and then hzematozoa could be found in the blood, although they 
were then rare. The animals recovered quickly. The hzp7- 
cephalus annulatus goes through all its stages of development 
on the same animal. The first stage of the larvee takes place in 
four days; in these conditions it is not very probable that the 
larve would be able to produce the infection, and as long as 
hzematozoa cannot be found in the blood unless after 12 or 14 
days. The experiments made by Prof. Motas on sheep, those 
of Loungsbury on dogs, in the piroplasmoses of those animals 
demonstrate obviously that sexually matured ticks only are able 
to produce infection. It is then natural that the same condition 


occurs in bovine piroplasmose. 


* 
* * 


Doc DISTEMPER.—For some time back I have been writing 
much on dog distemper and the prevention of that troublesome 
scourge of one of the most interesting among our domestic ani- 
mals. In fact, several of my colleagues in journalism have 
done the same. The question which occupies their attention is 
that of prophylaxy by the vaccination of Dr. Physalix. For one 
among others I recorded the trials through which the vaccine 
had passed—first the experiments made at the suggestion of 


EDITORIAL. 351 


the Société de Médecine Vétérinaire Pratique, which ended by 
the sudden withdrawing of the interested party ; then came the 
report of a prospective extensive test in England, followed after 
along time by the report of Prof. McFadyean, a majority re- 
port which was unfavorable, and finally the minority appeal, 
which, without endorsing the prophylactic test, did not reject 
it, and recommended other experiments. 

It is certain that under such circumstances, those who are 
looking for news will feel rather tired of seeing so much said 
and written and so little accomplished. But unfortunately the 
question, I fear, is not yet near solution. It is true the gentle- 
men who first worked on distemper, Ligniéres and Physalix, 
are men of high authority, and the advance that they have 
made of their discovery of the germ cause of the disease is one 
that cannot be ignored. And yet others disbelieved them. And 
as long as this state of affairs exists, the question of the prepa- 
ration of a true vaccine remains doubtful ! 


* =* 

Prof. Carré, the worthy assistant of Prof. Vallée, has lately 
given the publication of some researches which he has made on 
dog distemper, and which are likely to give a new direction to 
what has been done already. 

I may be here allowed to resume the communication of 
Prof. Carré as he made it to the Société Centrale. 

The reading of the numerous works relating to the etiology 
of dog distemper, the negative or unsatisfactory results of the 
inoculation of the various microbes described as specific agents 
of the disease, the comparisons of some of the lesions of this af- 
fection with those that are sometimes observed during diseases 
produced by ultra-microscopical microbes passing through fil- 
ters, all these have decided Mr. Carré to take back again the 
bacteriological study of dog distemper. 

At the beginning of the disease, the nasal discharge is often 
virulent, sometimes very much so; inoculated in doses of two 
drops to a young dog, it kills him in five or six days without 
lesions at the point of inoculation. 


352 EDITORIAL. 


Filtration through a very porous filter of discharge diluted 
in sterilized water, gives a liquid which, inoculated in several 
media, fails to cultivate, and yet if inoculated to young dogs 
this liquid gives rise to the development of very interesting 
manifestations. 

After four days the temperature rises ; rapidly it reaches 40° 
and 40.5° and remains high for two or three days. Soon the 
animal has coryza, more or less severe, the eyes are running 
tears and pus. Inflammation spreads more or less rapidly to 
the dog’s respiratory organs. Finally after six to ten days, 
handsome pustules appear on the abdomen, in the groins, the 
thighs, the axille. The discharge, first serous, becomes sero- 
purulent and muco-purulent. The animal looses flesh rapidly 


and dies with broncho-pneumonia. 


* 
* * 


This experiment has been repeated several timesand always 
with the same results. According to the age and the breed of 
the dog and probably, also, according to the quantity of the virus 
inoculated, the progress of the disease is more or less rapid and 
severe and the reaction more or less active. 

The rising of the temperature is never missing; the coryza 
and the eruption of the pustules are frequently observed ; the 
fatal termination is exceptional. 

If at the time of the elevation of temperature blood is taken 
from the animal infected with the filtrated fluid and this blood 
defibrinated is injected into a healthy animal, the same symp- 
toms will be observed, viz.: elevation of temperature, coryza, 
pustules. But this same blood sown in various media fails to 
give any culture. 

The conclusions of those experiments made with the great- 
est care by Prof. Carré, justify him in classifying the virus of 
dog distemper among the filtering microbes. [So far among 
the invisibles and as yet undiscovered.| These conclusions have 
since been confirmed by another biologist, Mr. F. J. Bose, who 
says that ‘‘the viruses which pass through filters are minimal 
forms of protozoa, and by its symptomatology and the charac- 


EDITORIAL. Be: 


ters of its lesions, distemper must be placed among the bryocy- 
tic diseases, protozoar diseases, with acute evolution, alongside 
variola, aphthous fever and rabies. 

* i * 

A NEw GENERAL ANAISTHETIC.—While the use of general 
anzesthesia is not as extensive in veterinary as in human sur- 
gery, it is certain that in our day, ether and chloroform are 
more frequently resorted to than some years ago, and it is prob- 
able that general anzesthesia would be used still more generally 
if great improvements were applied in the technique of the 
administration of the preparations which produce it ; in other 
words, if a method of general anzesthesia, less difficult to obtain, 
less dangerous and as sure of success, was found. 

Rachicocainization was recently tried in human medicine, 
and at first seemed to realize the desired object. But some fail- 
ures of importance soon set it aside. I do not know of its hav- 
ing been tried in veterinary medicine. 

In a journal of therapeutics I find, however, the announce- 
ment of a new preparation, which, if all that is said of it is true, 
will replace with advantage old ether andchloroform. Svofola- 
mine is of German discovery and was used as an anesthetic in 
1900 in Germany. 

With it, it is claimed, no more alarming preparations, no 
more anxiety about respiratory or cardiac troubles. Three in- 
jections of one milligramme of scopolamine and of one centi- 
gramme of its antidote, morphine, are made in succession four, 
two, and one hour before the operation. An irresistible, very 
calm sleep follows which resembles in every point natural 
sound sleep. The patient may be awakened by shaking him, 
by loud talking to him, but the anzlgesy is complete and re- 
mains such, even a long time after awakening. 

* ‘4 * 

Evidently all those qualities are very tempting, and sur- 
geons of both branches of medicine will no doubt set to work 
to try it. : 

In Germany, where nearly 1500 injections have already 


354 EDITORIAL. 


been done, there are some advocates which, while acknowl- 
edging the advantages, point out also its inconveniences. 

First of all, it seems that scopolamine alters very rapidly at 
the contact of air and light; it must be thoroughly pure and 
recently prepared. There are individual cases where its mode 
of action has shown itself variable, and on that account studies 
are required to establish the correct dose to use. In some cases, 
again, it has been necessary to assist the complete anzesthesia 
by the use of a few inhalations of chloroform. 

Unfortunately the use of scopolamine has not been without 
serious danger, as 12 cases of death have been recorded: if 
such prove frequent, it is certain that the old methods will 


have to be considered as the best, even with their objections. 


* 
* * 


PROFESSIONAL ADVERTISING.—In that little sheet, known 
as the Veterinary News, which, only in its second year of life, 
yet seems to have accepted for motto of its publication, “‘ better 
and better,’ I find a leading article on the ‘Gentle Art of Ad- 
vertising,” where with much spirit the rules of the Royal Col- 
lege of Veterinary Surgeons in relation to advertising are the ob- 
ject of mild criticism. Indeed, the article says: ‘“‘ The by-laws 
of the R. C. of V. S. contain some alarming restrictions as to 
advertising, strung together in a loose manner, and are applied 
at the sweet will of the powers that be, or rather put in force on 
occasions when it is thought safe to do so”—and so on does the 
article continue in showing the restrictions as scarecrows, that 
only ‘‘the poor trembling creature who has been hauled up be- 
fore the august tribunal for advertising his penny-worth of phy- 
sic has bowed down before the bogey and promised to be a good 
boy and not do it again;” and, again, that “‘summonses to an- 
swer are only sent to those offenders who, from ignorance or 
timidity, are likely to obey.”’ Consequently I may infer that 
those who are not ignorant or timid continue to advertise, not- 
withstanding the regulations. 

Then the writer tells how things are done in France, 
where “veterinarians are scientific and are recognized by the 


EDITORIAL. oo 


Republic.” There they advertise freely. For instance: 


(1) Percheron Horses and Mares.—M. * * *, veterinary sur- 
geon, Chevalier of the Order of Agricultural Merit, Saint Calais 
(Sarthe), will purchase direct from the breeder Percheron horses 
and mares for all purposes. Description and photographs sent 
on application. 

(2) M. * * * , veterinary surgeon of Lusignan (Vienne), 
breeder of donkeys for mule breeding purposes, will purchase 
on commission male and female donkeys for all purposes, milch 
donkeys and mules. 

(3) Breton Cows. Morbihan and Finistere cows and bulls, 
heifers and steers. Genuine Bretons. Special terms to veter- 
inary surgeons and purchasers introduced by them. Stock war- 
ranted, payment on delivery. * * * , veterinary surgeon and 
professor, Agricultural School, Hennebont, Morbihan. 

(4) Wether Ewes and Rams. M.* * * , veterinary sur- 
geon, Chateau Roux (Indre), offers his services to his confréres 
to purchase pure-bred stud sheep. 

(5) Sporting dogs, pointers, setters, laveracks and cockers, 
well-bred, and by well-known sires, for sale. Address M. * * *, 
veterinary surgeon, Saint Leonard (Haute Vienne). 

(6) Do you require natural and pure Chablis? If so, apply 
to M. * * * , veterinary surgeon and wine grower, Chablis, 
Yonne. 

(7) Olive Oil. M. * * * , veterinary surgeon and olive 
garden proprietor, Draguignan (Var), will send free to railway 
station, olive oil, warranted pure, at 1 franc 90 the litre. Sam- 
ples sent free on application. 

(8) Coffee and Rum. M. * * * , Government veterinary 
surgeon, Saint Denis (Island of Réunion), offers to his confréres 
Réunion coffee and rum at moderate prices. 

All these are correct. The conclusions are evident. Ad- 
vertising exists more or less in France and also in England, 
perhaps also in other countries. But if my memory is not 
wrong and unless things are changed very much, advertising as 
it is considered here, from a professional man, is not admitted 


in America, which is the country of advertising ; or, if itis done 
by some, you can be sure that he will soon have to account for 
it or stop all connection with the profession and its representa- 


tive, the National Association. It is certainly to be regretted 


356 EDITORIAL. 


that members of an honorable profession should take advantage 
of their scientific title, of their honorary or governmental situa- 
tion, to ask patronage. I believe that those who do join trade 
to their profession have aright to do it; that they can sell 
horses, mares, donkeys, mules, cows, ewes and rams, dogs or 
even wine, oil, coffee and rum, but I hold that in due respect to 
their profession they have no right to advertise their profes- 
sional capacity. There is certainly in the laws of professional 
deontology an important point which in Europe remains to be 


reconsidered. 


* 
* * 


‘“MANUALE DI ANATOMIA DESCRITTIVA COMPARATA DEG- 
LI ANIMALI DOMESTICI”’ is the title of a little work on the 
comparative descriptive anatomy of the domestic animals, 
which was sent to me by the author, Doctor Teresio Mongiar- 
dino, Professor of that branch at the Royal Superior Veterinary 
School of Turin. ‘This is the first volume only. It gives first 
in an introduction a general and concise review of embryology 
and then enters into the consideration of the whole work. In 
the first part, the apparatus of locomotion, osteology, arthrol- 
ogy, and myology occupy the greatest part of the book. In the 
second part splanchnology presents to the reader the apparatus 
of digestion and its annexes. The entire subject is illustrated 
with 210 plates, many of which are original. 

Taking in consideration that probably ¢#e work of veteri- 
nary anatomy all over the world is Chauveau, and that it is 
found in all French and English speaking countries, and there- 
fore probably aiso in Italian veterinary schools, it may seem 
that there is no necessity for such a manual as that of Dr. 
Mongiardino. ‘That is a question of appreciation. But know- 
ing as I do how students appreciate résumé, manual and vade 
mecum, and knowing also the good such little books do, when 
they are well written and correct, I must say that the ‘‘ Manu- 
ale di Anatomia descrittiva”’ is one which I believe will render 
great services to the students of veterinary medicine, those of 
agricultural schools and also practitioners. 


EDITORIAL. 357 


‘DISEASES OF CATTLE.”—As I entered the hall where the 
Société Centrale de Médecine Vétérinaire was to hold one of its 
last meetings, I noticed several members gathered together and 
looking with exclamations over a work which had been sent by 
one of the foreign corresponding members, my friend, Dr. D. E. 
Salmon. The book was the revised edition of ‘‘ Diseases of Cat- 
tle,” published by the Department of Agriculture. I cannot 
say how the whole work was praised, but only repeat what has 
already been told so often by those who notice those books 
here: ‘‘ When will we have such publications?” That says 
much about the revised American work. 

To conclude my acknowledgments of the receipt of Ameri- 
can works, I will mention the excellent report on health of ani- 
mals in Canada by Dr. J. G. Rutherford, Veterinary Director 
General, and the annual report of Dr. L. Van Es, State Veteri- 
narian of North Dakota. eles 


THE PRACTICAL VALUE OF MALLEIN. 


The REVIEW is beginning to feel satisfied with its efforts 
to precipitate a “row” among the members of the veterinary 
profession over the much mooted question as to the reliability 
of the glanderous serum for the various purposes for which it 
is employed in connection with that most insidious, loathsome, 
and peristent bane of our principal patient, glanders-farcy of the 
horse: as a diagnostic, prophylactic and curative. The striking 
absence of unity in ‘professional judgment upon these points, 
as expressed by veterinarians through the journals, in theses 
presented at meetings of medical associations, and in debate, 
is a standing menace to our scientific progress. We are cer- 
tain that it is possible to arrive at more definite conclusions 
concerning the value of the serum for these purposes if the 
men who mould professional sentiment will but take the 
question up in an intelligent manner, and pursue it until its 
irregularities are smoothed out, exaggerated claims modified, 
irrational condemnations displaced, and its merits and de- 
merits made to stand boldly out by indisputable evidence and 


355 EDITORIAL. 


records. One of the REVIEW’s most versatile and gifted col- 
laborators, Dr. Schwarzkopf, in the present number, strikes 
a good many large nails squarely upon their heads in his re- 
ply to an article republished in a recent number of this jour- 
nal from our Western contemporary. His plea for rationality 
in the use of mallein is characteristic and commendable. He 
lays particular stress upon “the man behind the syringe,” 
claiming that he must pursue his investigations in a scientific 
manner, must have education, discernment, and discretion to 
give him the power to make reliable deductions. Medicine is 
an inexact science, and there are modifying circumstances in 
each individual case where the serum may be used; in the rdle 
of a diagnostic, for instance, what might be regarded as con- 
firmative symptoms in one individual would not be considered 
as such in another. This, then, is where the scientific veteri- 
narian may utilize his greater attainments and demonstrate 
his superiority over persons lacking such qualifications. 
Without here entering into a discussion of the many-sided- 
ness of the question, we jump to the object of these remarks, 
which is to impress REVIEW readers with our conviction that it 
is only through a liberal interchange of opinions among those 
who have had large experience and who have been ardent stu- 
dents of the investigations of the veterinary authorities of all 
lands, that we may hope to attain a rational guide to the exact 
truth. We have no other desire than to serve the profession as 
a means to that end, and to accomplish that object we reiterate 
our invitation to the profession to make this journal the medium 
through which the present chaotic state of the subject may 
receive the brightening influence of intelligent discussion. 


CONNECTICUT IN LINE. 


After a most persistent and stubborn fight by the Connecti- 
cut Veterinary Medical Association, a bill regulating the prac- 
tice of veterinary medicine has passed both houses of the Con- 
necticut Legislature, received the signature of the Governor, 
and thus become a statute law. The bill, while not all that was 


EDITORIAL. 359 


asked for, nor entirely satisfactory to the profession, yet, in 
view of the great opposition which had to be overcome, it is a 
great victory for our colleagues in the Nutmeg State, and we 
heartily congratulate them. It is expected that the personnel 
of the Board of Examiners will be known in a few days, and 
the REVIEW will in the August number publish the text of the 
bill and the names of the veterinarians appointed to carry out 
its provisions. 


ERRATUM.—In last month’s REVIEW the statement was 
made on page 246, that the dates of the coming meeting of the 
American Veterinary Medical Association at Cleveland are 
August 18 to 21, which of course is an error. While we have 
no doubt that ng one will be misled by this misstatement, since 
the date has been and is being constantly advertised through 
this journal and otherwise, we wish to impress every reader 
with the correct days—Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and 
Friday, August 15, 16, 17 and 18—tthat no one may suffer dis- 
appointment. 


Apropos of the discussion recently indulged in through 
the REVIEW as to the advisability of the veterinarian forming 
closer relationship with the stockman and agriculturist, the 
paper by Prof. Charles E. Marshall, of Michigan, which was 
read at the last annual meeting of the Michigan State Veteri- 
nary Medical Association, at Lansing, and published elsewhere 
in this number, is a valuable contribution to the subject, and 
we commend it to our readers. 


AN ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE REVIEW, entitled 
“The Medical Man and Who He Is: A plea as to whether the 
man that practices veterinary medicine is a medical man and 
physician, or does the term belong exclusively to the man that 
practices human medicine.” By Ernest I. Smith, D. V. M., 
Cornell University, Cherry Creek, N. Y., will appear in the 
August number. 


360 W. L. WILLIAMS. 


ORIGINAL ART ICES: 


RUPTURE OF THE PREPUBIAN TENDON” IN> Tae 
PREGNANT MARE. 


By W. L. WILLIAMS, PROFESSOR OF SURGERY IN THE NEW YORE 
STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE, ITHACA, N. Y. 


Writers on veterinary surgery and obstetrics generally in- 
clude rupture of the prepubian tendon among the ventral her- 
nize without directing special attention to this characteristic 
and very serious lesion. 

Because of its surgical importance as well as its essential 
difference from other ruptures in its etiology, symptoms and 
morbid anatomy we venture to describe it separately, hoping 
thereby to direct to it the attention which we feel it deserves. 

The lesion consists of a transverse rupture of the prepubian 
tendon immediately in front of the pubis, between the two ab- 
dominal rings, both of which are involved and, when the rup- 
ture becomes complete, obliterated, all tissues between the two 
openings being torn asunder. 

The accident is practically confined to the mare; we have 
seen one instance in the cow, and have found no record of its 
occurrence in other animals. 

So far as known the rupture takes place only in advanced 
pregnancy, rarely prior to the close of the tenth, usually during, 
or after the completion of the eleventh month. 

The causes so far as determined are: ; 

1. The increased strain upon the abdominal floor from the 
presence of the gravid uterus, which represents at the close of 
pregnancy probably 30 to 4o per cent. of the total weight of 
the abdominal contents. 

2 Degenerative changes in the tissues of the abdominal 
floor, including the prepubian tendon, and closely associated 
with, or expressed externally by, profuse cedema of this region. 

3. Very rarely, the author having known but one case, un- 
accompanied by cedema, there is a definite history of violence, 


je 3) rie eer 


on 


ETE 


apes > 


RUPTURE OF THE PREPUBIAN TENDON. 361 


consisting in this one instance of the mare becoming mired in 
deep mud with her hind-feet, and over-exerting herself in gain- 
ing the bank of the stream, thus pulling the hind limbs forcibly 
backwards, and with them the pelvis, causing its chief anterior 
stay, the prepubian tendon, to give way. 

Almost always there can be no reasonable presumption of 
accident, the rupture being what we may rather designate as 
spontaneous and is usually comparatively gradual, frequently 
being preceded for days by premonitory warnings. 

It may be more common in draft mares than in those of | 
lighter breed, but our experience having been largely with the 
former class the grounds for comparison are not conclusive. 
We have observed the lesion more frequently in idle mares 
which were well fed, and have not seen it in badly nourished 
animals. 

The first symptom usually noticed is an extensive cedema 
beginning just in front of the mammary gland and extending 
thence forwards and backwards until it reaches from anterior 
pectoral region to the perineum covering the entire floor of the 
body for a depth of 2 to 4 inches. The cedema presents the 
usual clinical characters except it is possibly somewhat firmer 
than generally seen and somewhat more painful to the 
touch. ye 
The exact relationship of the cedema to the rupture of the 
tendon is undetermined, our observations leading us to believe 
that it is an expression of serious degenerative changes which 
are taking place in the deeper parts. The cedema, probably af- 
fects the tendon itself at the same time and diminishes the re- 
sisting powers by forcing the fibres apart as well as weakening 
them directly. 

The movements of the patient soon become restricted to 
such locomotion as is essential and this is marked by care and 
deliberation. The restriction of movement may be partly due 
to the mechanical impediment of the cedema but it appears 
rather to result from pain anda premonition of injury were 


rapid motion attempted. 


362 W. L. WILLIAMS. 


This restriction of motion precedes the rupture of the tendon - 
and is increased as the rupture proceeds. 

Should the tendon remain intact until relieved of its great 
load through parturition the cedema quickly disappears and the 
parts become normal, but in many cases the tendon gives way 
before the foal is born and the mare succumbs, or recovering, is 
ruined in value and the foal generally perishes. 

As the tendon begins to part between the two abdominal 
tings characteristic symptoms arise which serve to distinguish 
this from all other lesions, not alone asa rupture, but differ- 
entiating it from all other ruptures by the displacement of parts 


Fic. 1.—RUPTURED PREPUBIAN TENDON, ‘‘ RECOVERED’ CASE. 
_A. Line drawn through the ilial and ischial tuberosities. B Estimated position of line 
prior to rupture of the prepubian tendon. C. Estimated normal line of the back. T. Teat dis- 
place1 downwards and forwards 


— 


RUPTURE OF THE PREPUBIAN TENDON. 363° 


or organs. ‘The spinal column of the horse forms an arch from 
the first dorsal vertebra to the sacrum which is chiefly main- 
tained by the linea alba, ending on the pubis in the prepubian 
tendon behind and on the sternal cartilage in front, thus acting 
as a powerful tie. If the prepubian tendon parts at the abdom- 
inal rings, the arch of the spine can be no longer maintained 


—— 


ig 3 bea NS 
Pika 


A siiesey gis 
a win es 


r 


FIG. 2.—D1SSECTION OF THE ABDOMINAL FLOOR OF FIG. 1, THE SKIN AND SKIN MUSCLE HAVING 
BEEN REMOVED. 


TA. Tunica abdominalis extending barely half way from the sternum towards the pubis, 
having parted with the tendon and become displaced forwards. M. Straight muscle of the ab- 
domen after the removal of the abdominal tunic. C. New formed connective tissue serving to 
réenforce the weakened abdoininal walls where the abdominal tunic and rectus muscles are 
wanting. C!. Ditto, the anterior portions of which have been partly cut away, affording some 
suggestion of thickness. U. Umbilicus displaced forwards approximately one-half the dis- 
tance from its normal position to the sternal cartilage. T. Teats displaced forwards, 


364 W. L. WILLIAMS. 


and the back drops downwards, as is shown at C in Fig. 1, pro- 
ducing lordosis or ‘‘sway back,’ while the pubis becomes dis- 
placed backwards, causing the external ilial tuberosity to de- 
‘scend and the ischial tuberosity to become displaced upwards, 
decreasing the normal slant of the hip which we have estimated 
in Fig. t as B to the abnormal slant as found at A. 

The rupture occurring between the abdominal rings, oblit- 
erates these and relaxes the fixation of the mamme in them, 
and the abdominal tunic being ruptured on the same level, 
while the skin becomes greatly stretched, the milk glands be- 
come greatly displaced downwards and forwards as indicated 
by the position of the teat at Tin Figs. 1, 2 and 3, and the 
glands themselves become less conspicuous because of the com- 
pression upon them from the stretching of their capsule derived 
from the ruptured abdominal tunic. 

In the illustration the displacement is comparatively mild 
and is usually greater, somewhat like the illustration of this 
condition as copied from St. Cyr by Fleming in his “‘ Text-Book 
of Veterinary Obstetrics.” No other form of rupture could well 
cause such displacement of the mammary gland, as it is firmly 
fixed to the abdominal ring so long as that remains intact. 

The umbilicus is also necessarily displaced forwards and 
downwards as shown at U in Figs. 2 and 3. The rupture hav- 
ing involved the entire diameter of the prepubian tendon, 
and the abdominal tunic having given way, the rupture may 
extend on either side outwardly from the external side of the 
abdominal ring until it includes the entire abdominal floor. 
Through this great rent the gravid uterus and other viscera 
drop down upon the skin and skin muscle and pushing the ab- 
dominal tunic and musculo-tendinous abdominal floor forwards, ~ 
bears the skin and skin muscle downwards until it may reach 
the hocks or even lower. Early in the progress of the lesion 
firm upward pressure in the premammary region with the hand, 
discloses a tense hernial touch without a distinct boundary ; as 
the rupture progresses the hernial touch becomes more pro- 
nounced. 


ees 


a 


om 


RUPTURE OF THE PREPUBIAN TENDON. 365 


The downward displacement of the abdominal viscera with 
the backward displacement of the pubis, causes the flanks to 
sink in and greatly reduces the transverse diameter of the body 
at this point. 

The skin and skin muscle tend by their elasticity to check 
or stop the progress of the rupture, in which they are aided 


-somewhat by the resistance of the uterine ligaments and the 


mesentery, which support much of the visceral weight when the 
organs have become displaced downwards. In some cases in 


, ' Fic. 3. 

I, Sagittal section of the abdominal floor of Fig. 1. II. Enlarged anterior portion of I to 
show detail. III. Posterior portion of I to show detail. 

A. Adipose tissue. C. Fragments of the prepubian tendon extending from the os pubis to 
the regionof the inguinal ring. C’. New formed connective tissue taking the placeof the rectus 
abdominis muscles and abdominal tunic. P. Peritoneum resting upon a thick layer of adipose 
tissue, A. E. Area devoid of peritoneum, adipose tissue. rectus abdominis muscle and abdomi- 
nal tunic and representing the extent of separation between the margins of the ruptured parts. 
St. Sternal cartilage. M. Rectus abdominis muscle. TA. Tunica abdominalis. F. Skin and 
skin muscle. U. Displaced umbilicus. T. Displaced teat. 


366 W. L. WILLIAMS. 


our practice, the skin and its muscle did not suffice to stay the 
progress of the rupture, but gave way, causing eventration and 
necessitating immediate destruction of the patient. 

In those very rare instances where violence has played an 
essential part there need be no premonitory cedema, the symp: 
toms appear very suddenly, the tumor is large, the pain intense, 
the expression anxious, the body bedewed with cold sweat, the 
respiration hurried, the pulse rapid and weak and the patient 
tends to quickly collapse from shock or hemorrhage. 

The character and extent of the lesions, with the reparative 
efforts in a surviving case, are well shown in Figs. 2 and 3, in 
which it is seen that the peritoneum, prepubian tendon and ab- 
dominal tunic have all parted just anterior to the pubis and 
passed forwards about half way to the sternum, dragging with 
them for a part of the way the teats. Posterior to these and 
occupying the area previously filled by them, is an extensive 
expansion of dense connective tissue, C’, which has served in- 
stead of the ruptured parts. 

In Fig. 3 it is shown that the subperitoneal fat, A, does not 
invade the ruptured area, E, but seems to depend for its forma- 
tion upon the presence of the peritoneum itself. 

The prognosis of complete rupture of the prepubian tendon 
is very grave, most mares, along with their foals, perishing be- 
fore the conclusion of the pregnancy during which the rupture 
occurred. 

If parturition is safely passed the animal is likely thereafter 
to breed without danger or difficulty, but is so unsightly that 
her value for this purpose is seriously diminished, or she may do 
ordinary slow work, but here the unsightliness becomes still 
more serious and few persons are willing to use such an animal. 
The foal in the uterus at the time of the rupture usually perishes, 
but if the mare survive, succeeding foals are born with the same 
safety as though the lesion did not exist. 

When a threatened or beginning rupture is promptly recog- 
nized and appropriate measures for prevention or relief applied, 
the prognosis is highly favorable. 


RUPTURE OF THE PREPUBIAN TENDON. 367 


The opinion of Fleming that extensive cedema of the ab- 
dominal floor in pregnant mares is unimportant and will quickly 
disappear after parturition with little or no attention, has led to 
serious disaster in our hands, when followed. 

Edema in advanced pregnancy tn the mare ts a serious con- 
dition, and should be regarded as a precursor of rupture of the 
prepubran tendon, which calls for prompt and energetic handling. 
If left without attention many of the mares will succumb from 
rupture; if proper attention is rendered the danger will be 
almost wholly averted. 

In the handling of threatened rupture of the prepubian ten- 
don, mechanical support of the greatly overloaded and weakened 
abdominal floor should receive our first consideration. When- 


Fic. 4. 


Emergency bandage for rupture of the prepubian tendon, illustrating method of so crossing 
the bandage tails as to secure adaptation to the form of the abdomen. 


368 W. L. WILLIAMS. 


ever extensive cedema along the floor of the abdomen occurs 
in a mare far advanced in pregnancy, and which cannot clearly 
be referred to other causes, we advise the immediate ap- 
plication of an abdominal bandage of canvas or other strong 
material. The bandage should be constructed with 8 or Io 
strong buckles and billets and fitted to the oval form of the ab- 
domen by means of a gore placed in the centre of the canvas. 
We do not at all times have the required time for properly con- 
structing the bandage, but in order to avert immediately threat- 
ening disaster an emergency, many-tailed bandage should be 
quickly applied. In order to adapt this to the oval of the abdo- 
men the tails should be crossed so that the most posterior lower 
tail shall be tied to one of the most anterior upper tails, as is 
shown in Fig. 4, and the remaining tails united upon a similar 
plan as indicated in Fig. 4. The spine and the position where 
the ends of the bandages meet should be amply padded to avoid 
pressure necrosis of the skin from the buckles or knots, and 
should be carefully readjusted daily or as often as conditions 
may dictate. 

In applying the emergency bandage to cases where the ten- 
don has already parted or seems very imminent, it is important 
to get it quite tight, and in order to facilitate this it is best to 
tie a solid loop on each upper tail through which the lower tails 
may run as through a pulley. A given tail cannot be properly 
tightened at the first effort, but one after another tightened as 
well as convenient at the first tying, and as soon as all are 
fastened go back to the first ones and tie them over again and 
continue the process until the desired support for the abdominal 
floor is secured, and the great weight of the viscera lifted from 
the abdominal floor and largely transferred to the spine through 
the bandage. ‘The decrease of the weight of the abdominal vis- 
cera is also of very great importance. We should lessen the 
weight of the digestive viscera by withdrawing all bulky food 
and replacing it with limited quantities of concentrated aliment. 
We might hurry the unloading of the intestinal tract by the aid 
of small doses of eserine sulphate, half grain every half hour. 


RUPTURE OF THE PREPUBIAN TENDON. 369 


If the tendon has parted the induction of premature labor 
should receive careful consideration. 

As a rule the foal perishes unless aid is given. Even under 
close watching the uterine contractions go on unobserved and 
cause the death of the foal through separation of the placentze 
before adequate expulsive force is brought into play, most of 
which was destroyed when the abdominal floor gave way, leav- 
ing the uterus almost alone to expel the fcetus. It therefore 
seems desirable to anticipate this danger to the fcetus by bring- 
ing about artificial delivery not later than the completion of the 
11th month and by close attention bring about a prompt deliv- 
ery in a way to best safeguard the life of the foetus. The pre- 
mature delivery is best effected by carefully dilating the os 
uteri with the hand, grasping, and, if necessary, cording the parts 
presenting, and applying moderate traction to compensate for 
the lost expulsive power of the abdominal muscles. It is to be 
remembered that it is best to have the patient in lateral recum- 
bency during delivery as this raises the foetus approximately to 
a level with the pelvic inlet, while in the standing position the 
foetus drops down below the pelvis and rests upon inert parts. 

If premature delivery is not decided upon the mare should 
be closely watched and prompt aid given on the first sign of labor. 

After delivery the bandage may be removed at once and the 
case dismissed if the tendon has not ruptured ; if it has rup- 
tured the bandage should be readjusted and retained until such 
time as we may believe that the ruptured tissues have healed 
and the weakened abdominal floor has been reénforced by the 
new formation of connective tissue as indicated at C’ in Fig. 3. 

The mare may be retained merely until the foal is ready to 
wean, if she is not desired in her condition; but she may read- 
ily be retained permanently as a brood mare with reasonable as- 
surance that thereafter she will foal unaided, or she may be 
used at moderate work without noticeable discomfort. 

In the very severe cases, where the skin and skin muscles 
are giving way so that eventration is imminent, or where accom- 
panied by shock and serious internal hemorrhages, the mare 
should be promptly destroyed, after performing Czesarian section. 


370 CHARLES E. MARSHALL. 


THE VETERINARIAN IN HIS RELATION TO THE HY- 
GIENE AND SANITATION OF THE FARM. 


By CHARLES E. MARSHALL, PH.D., PROFESSOR OF BACTERIOLOGY 
AND HYGIENE, MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, 
LANSING, MICH. 

A Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the Michigan State Veterinary Medical 
Association, Lansing, February, 1905. 


It may not bein my province to appear before. you this even- 
ing for the purpose of advocating greater attention or a closer 
relationship to those conditions existing on the farm, which 
make for health and soundness in domestic animals. The posi- 
tion which I occupy brings me, on the one hand, in intimate re- 
lation with the veterinarian, and on the other, with the farmer. 
I serve both, and from my point of view, am able to detect a 
manifest need of a unity of these two factors, both of whom have 
many common interests. In a recent review of the literature 
covering the hygienic phase of breeding, I have been able to 
note how, elsewhere, the veterinarians have united with breeders 
and stockmen in the studies of various questions important to 
both. Such united effort and harmonious cooperation in this 
country, so far as I am able to ascertain, is wanting, and veter- 
inarians find it difficult to define and establish very definitely 
their rights and privileges. They seem constantly beset with 
troubles and obstacles, which are apparently sometimes insur- 
mountable in our present condition of organized society. The 
stockman assumes the attitude of antagonism toward the veter- 
inarian, thinking, I suppose, that his is a professional graft, 
without allowing the farmer his due. Iam led to think, there- 
fore, that this state of affairs is in no small part brought about 
by an unsympathetic relation existing between the veterinarian 
and his agricultural patron. 

An apology perhaps may be necessary in raising this sub- 
ject, but I assure you that I find my excuses in the fact that I 
have heard so much from both sides; I have considered it so 
often; and I have seen the need of codperative sympathy so 


HYGIENE AND SANITATION OF THE FARM. 371 


many times. Accordingly, it is not strange that I am led to 
suggest some adjustment in hygienic and similar matters; and, 
further, to state that it is my opinion that the veterinarian is in 
a better position, or may put himself in a better position, to of- 
fer necessary advice and counsel than any one else, in all of 
those relations which he may bear towards the farmer, and es- 
pecially those matters which pertain to stock-raising. It is a 
common matter to hear that the practice of the veterinarian will 
be interferred with by a too close relationship existing between 
the farmer and himself concerning hygiene and sanitary prac- 
tices, but this seems chimerical. The veterinarian, on the one 
hand, contends that if certain procedures could be simplified 
sufficiently for the farmer, the former would suffer professionally 
and financially because the farmer would not call upon him for 
his aid; and, on the other hand, the farmer contends that all 
the veterinarian seeks is his professional fee. 

It is patent that the veterinarian is not sufficiently foresighted 
in this matter, and the farmer is altogether too suspicious, to 
avoid this state of affairs. There can be no doubt that before 
the veterinarian lies a very broad field in action and influence. 
By giving simple facts and treatment to the farmer, the veteri- 
marian, in return for his services, secures the confidence and 
good-will of the farmer, which will return many-fold to him. 
Physicians have learned this, for they are not so zealous about 
professional rights, and they maintain that diseases are bet- 
ter handled from the standpoint of prevention or prophylaxis 
than from that of cure, and that simple remedies and treatment 
belong to the home and not necessarily to the professional class. 
They believe, too, that they are progressing more rapidly by so 
viewing the situation in a broad and charitable manner, than by 
urging professional claims or technicalities to that extent which 
will necessitate a call from a physician. As an illustration, it 
does not seem that veterinarians would suffer in the least if they 
could recommend the use of the simple device for milk fever, 
which has already come before your notice, rather than to attempt 
to confuse the farmer to the extent that professional treatment be 


372 CHARLES E. MARSHALL. 


required. Professional trickery is practiced in good faith, but 
the layman, although conscious of it, never knows when it ap- 
plies to him. ‘The farmer, however, is shrewd enough to ascer- 
tain sooner or later whether the veterinarian has been working 
for his interests or simply making a professional bluff. It is ad- 
visable to be honest at all times. perfectly frank when it is pos- 
sible, for in the end benefits will accrue. Therefore, instead of 
trying to hoodwink the farmer into the necessity of treatment 
for his animals, it appears that it. would be far better to make 
the veterinarian so essential to success that the matter of treat- 
nient of animals will come naturally and satisfactorily, for treat- 
ment will always be required, whether desirable or not. 

It must be said for the veterinarian that he has much to con- 
tend with in the matter of treatment of domestic animals, be- 
cause it is not a financial gain to the farmer to pay fifteen dollars 
for treatment of a ten dollar pig. On the other hand, the farmer 
would learn to utilize professionali services in such a manner as 
to place his relation with the veterinarian upon a business basis, 
the same as he has learned to assume in treating with an archi- 
tect whom he has engaged in the construction of some build- 
ing. Inthe architect he recognizes skilled services, which he 
himself does not possess, and he has learned by experience that 
what the architect gives him he is obliged to pay for. The 
sooner, therefore, that the farmer learns that in the veterinarian 
he is securing services which stand for so much money value, 
and that he is simply doing his part in enabling society to main- 
tain a professional man of this character, the sooner he will be 
in a position to fully appreciate the services rendered. He 
should further realize that every professional man has expended 
much time and money in acquiring his professional skill, and that 
after securing the skill, he should not be asked to give it to society 
without proper remuneration. When each party is able to 
see the correct position of the other, then it will be possible to 
get together in closer union. It is not this relationship, 
however, that I wish to dwell upon to such an extent as to 
consume all my time, but, rather, to delineate a scheme and 


HYGIENE AND SANITATION OF THE FARM. 373 


the factors of a scheme which will help to establish harmony. 

The field that I should like to emphasize, and one in which 
I believe the veterinarian can be made very useful, and, in fact, 
as time goes on, can become indispensable to the farmer, is that 
of farm hygiene and sanitation, as they pertain to the manage- 
ment and health of domestic animals. It extends farther, be- 
cause the management of health is fundamental to financial 
success on the part of the farmer. This means that the veteri- 
narian should be conversant in matters of breeding, rearing, 
and feeding animals, as he is conversant with diseases and their 
treatment. He should not only be able toapproach it from the 
veterinarian’s standpoint, which should be thoroughly scien- 
tific, but should be well posted from the standpoint of a suc- 
cessful stock-grower. These two sides exist, and will always 
exist, because what the scientist advocates is not always the 
most desirable thing for the farmer to practice. This is neither 
the fault of the scientist nor the fault of the farmer; it is the 
failure of both to provide a middle man, and this middle man 
should be the veterinarian who can take the middle ground and 
make himself a necessary and useful consultant. In addition 
to the studies already mentioned, in which the veterinarian can 
post himself, and keep thoroughly posted, there are the ques- 
tions of water supply, stabling, ventilation, drainage, and va- 
tious other factors which enter in the handling of livestock. 
So far as I have been able to ascertain, at the present time the 
veterinarian and the farmer do not come together in these mat- 
ters, and if the farmer asks advice of the veterinarian, he never 
feels certain that the latter’s advice is wholesome and desirable ; 
or, in other words, founded upon up-to-date practices. This 
comes from a lack of preparation on the part of the veterinarian 
who would doubtless be in a better position to handle the far- 
mer with reference to diseases, sanitation and hygiene if he 
could make an early start from the side of prevention in the 
foregoing matters of breeding, rearing, and feeding, rather than 
from the side of cure, and also would be just as able to secure 
his fees in consultation over the proper location for a well, as 


374 CHARLES E. MARSHALL. 


he would to secure them after an animal has died from drink- 
ing the water from the well. 

Let us look at the matter a little more closely, and by more 
detailed analysis of the situation. Not one farmer in ten knows 
the ins-and-outs in breeding. What knowledge he has is that 
which has been picked up haphazard from his neighbors, who 
know little more, and probably less than he does, but possess 
more positive notions about things. He little realizes that in 
the matter of breeding there is a hygienic transmission of points, 
as well as a physical contour transmission, in which he is so 
much interested. He has been unable to study the methods in 
detail of great breeders. He either omits one essential in breed- 
ing in order to arrive at another, or falls flat by failing in both. 
The results, therefore,are usually disastrous. If the farmer knows 
that a certain veterinarian is a man of repute, is scientifically 
and practically familiar with breeding, can give him knowledge 
where he fails, can advise him ina useful, intelligent manner, 
he will not hesitate to pay that veterinarian a fee which he 
could not possibly secure by the treatment of one or two ani- 
mals, when the farmer is discouraged and almost ready to go 
out of business. The farmer, in seeking advice, wili soon learn 
whether this advice is wholesome, or not, and whether he is 
getting anything from it. If such advice is proving satisfactory, 
has won money for him, and improved his conditions, that far- 
mer will recommend the veterinarian to his neighbors, who, in 
turn, will be willing to seek in detail the counsel which has 
served so beneficially in one case. It is true, that in the matter 
of breeding, this advice may be peddled from one neighbor to 
another, and the veterinarian would receive nothing from what 
he has given so freely to one stock-grower, yet the conditions of 
one farmer are not the conditions of another, and the advice to 
one man will not necessarily be that which should be given to 
the next. There are always new questions arising concerning 
developments in breeding processes, which must be answered, 
and answered by an expert. This expert may be the veteri- 
narian. There is just as much danger in scattering methods of 


HYGIENE AND SANITATION OF THE FARM. 3 


treatment and diagnosis as anything pertaining to breeding. 
Many farmers need and want an overseer. It will not do for 
the veterinarian to pose for a breeder or an expert in breeding 
unless he can back it up with evidence so overwhelming that 
the farmer is obliged to accept it. This means study and per- 
sistence on the part of the veterinarian. In other words, it is 
the advice of a family physician. This should be the function 
of the veterinarian. 

Rearing of animals also means more than the ordinary me- 
chanical handling which is so commonly indulged in by the 
ignorant farmer. Of five men put in charge of animals, it-would 
be exceptional to find one capable of handling them. In short, 
the experiences of farmers who raise many animals demonstrate 
that herdsmen true to their calling are rare. The veterinarian 
who is making a success of his profession knows, or should 
know, how to handle animals ; for although he is not actually 
engaged in the management of sound animals, he is constantly 
brought in contact with sick animals as patients, and these de- 
mand more of his skill in handling than would sound ones ; 
consequently, if he is able to successfully handle sick animals, 
he should be sufficiently familiar with sound ones to give good 
advice, and advice that may be applied. 

Feeding is a large subject to treat. It is one that is discussed 
to a great extent at the present time at our institute colleges, 
and universities, and it requires close study to keep in actual 
touch with its progress. The farmer usually does not. Many 
a man who has attempted to raise animals, has failed largely be- 
cause of his inability to handle the feeding question. He may 
have the material on the farm, raise it successfully, provide it 
in abundance, but when it comes to giving it to the animals, he 
is a complete failure. To feed successfully, one must be familiar 
with the values of every crop grown, and the bearing of each 
crop upon the food ration, as well as the cost of the crop pro- 
duced. He must be able to use rations which yield good re- 
sults, not only to the herd as a whole, but be actually competent 
to adapt rations to suit individual idiosyncrasies. He must be 


376 CHARLES E. MARSHALL. 


able to run over a list of animal foods, select those which will 
be least expensive to the farmer, and if the farmer does not pos- 
sess them, know where to procure them, how much they will 
cost, and how much they will return to the purchaser in the 
end. Inasmuch as our animal foods keep increasing year by 
year, in varieties, and inasmuch as chemical analyses of these 
foods are made, it means that the veterinarian, if he is to be 
posted, not by mere whim or fancy regarding food, but upon 
actual values of foods as they are represented, must work hard. 
While he may not be possessed of much experience in the rais- 
ing of crops, it would not come amiss if he should be able to in- 
dicate at times what crops are adapted to certain soils. The 
family physician does this; the veterinarian could occupy a 
wider range. 

Again there is the subject of stable construction,—what the 
floor should be, the character of the lighting, what should be 
the nature of the stalls, and the system of ventilation. Sound 
advice concerning these matters will always be welcome, be- 
cause no farmer is desirous of spending hundreds of dollars 
without some knowledge of what he is doing or trying to do. 
Usually he would feel better satisfied if he could taik the new 
building over with some one, its arrangements, its contents, 
etc., provided he had the utmost faith in that person, and he 
would be perfectly willing to pay a fair price for this service. 

The water supply, the location of the barn, elevation of the 
ground, the drainage, the handling of contagious diseases, 1so- 
lation, etc., all should aim at control, rather than at treatment. 
The farmer who has succeeded in securing good counsel from 
his veterinarian concerning proper rearing, stabling, feeding, 
and other matters, will be not only willing, but anxious to have 
the same veterinarian on hand if there is any treating in sick- 
ness. He has learned to have confidence in his opinions, he 
has learned to depend upon him, and when it comes to sickness, 
it is the same man that he seeks to help him out. If he fails 
to restore health, he rests assured that the veterinarian has done 
all in his power to help him; he has stood by him in every 


HYGIENE AND SANITATION OF THE FARM. 3 


other respect, even if he has failed in bringing health out of 
sickness. 

It is this field, so crudely indicated, it seems possible to 
open up; and the veterinarian, if he can in one way or another 
secure the cooperation of the farmer, can do more good by 
warding off disease than by treating it, in the case of domestic 
animals. A competent veterinarian will be able to produce 
more satisfaction, will establish himself more firmly in the heart 
of the farmer through such efforts than through any efforts in 
treatment of diseased animals. It is this confidence that makes 
one veterinarian better than another. Of course, veterinarians 
who live in cities will not be interested in the discussion of the 
relationships existing between farmers and veterinarians, but 
those living in small towns or in country places, depend largely 
upon the farmer for their practice. The pertinency of what I 
have said may be illustrated by considering many of our old 
quack horse-doctors, without diplomas, without training, who 
have maintained the confidence of the farmers by their common 
sense, by their interest, and by their help; who have increased 
their sphere of influence, if it may be so called, in their efforts 
to do their best for the farmers. I do not refer to the ordinary 
quack, who is a parasite on society, but to those good old souls 
who are willing to go miles to help their neighbor in an emer- 
gency because their neighbor may want them to go, without 
remuneration, unless this neighbor is willing to repay them in 
some way or other. It is such men who win out, who gain the 
confidence of the farmers, and, without diplomas, without train- 
ing, have a firmer hold upon the farmers than a host of veteri- 
narians, well trained, and some of them experienced, could pos- 
sibly have. 


IT is announced in the press dispatches from the West that 
Japan intends to send several representatives to study closely 
the horses shown at the Lewis and Clark Exposition in Portland 
this fall. It is also stated that China will be officially repre- 
sented in this regard. Much hope is held out that the Island 
Empire may make large purchases of breeding animals. 


~ 
‘ 


9 
oO 


DISEASES PREVALENT IN THE PHILIPPINE ARCHI- 
PELAGO. 


By M. J. MYERS, VETERINARIAN, BOARD OF HEALTH, MANILA, P. I. 


3 M. J. MYERS. 


We have in these islands almost every known disease that 
animals are heir to. 

Many obstacles that exist at present will have to be over- 
come before a successful campaign can be conducted against 
them. The native is not much in favor of reforms, especially 
when it becomes necessary to destroy animals that he may pos- 
sess. My experience of two years has been that instead of help 
from them they will do everything in their power to hinder our 
work. During the Spanish days when an animal was found 
affected with some communicable disease it was sent to the 
country and usually turned at large, thereby coming in contact 
with the animals of that section. By such methods it is only 
reasonable to expect that infection of the whole Archipelago 
will follow. 

The diseases below enumerated are found in every section of 
the islands. 

Glanders—farcy. 

Surra. 

Rinderpest. 

Foot-and-mouth disease. 

Hemorrhagic septicemia. 

Hog cholera and swine plague. 

Measles of the pig. 

Lymphangitis contagioso. 

Cholera of fowls, etc. 

We also have other infectious diseases comnion in the United. 
States, viz.: Tetanus, strangles, pneumonias, anthrax, Texas 
fever, etc. 

Practically all of the energy that has been expended 
toward eradicating them has been directed against rinderpest, 
while the others received but passing notice. To me, at 


DISEASES PREVALENT IN THE PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO. 379 


least, some of them are equally as destructive as rinderpest. 
The cases of surra, glanders, foot-and-mouth disease, and 
lymphangitis contagioso can be counted in the thousands. 
Glanders in these islands is so common that one would not 
speak of how many cases are to be found in a certain locality, 
but of what percentage of the whole equine race is affected. 
Under the present conditions this disease is becoming more 
prevalent from year to year; it will require energetic and syste- 
matic measures to ever suppress or controlit. Glanders in man 
is not an uncommon happening here. | 
Surra is also very prevalent, and now has such a foothold 
that Iam of the opinion that all animals (wild and domestic) 
would have to be destroyed in order to eradicate it entirely. I 
have had several lots of horses and mules under observation in 
which the mortality reached 100 per cent. Imported animals 
appear to be more susceptible to surra than those that are natives 
of this country. In some few cases among the equine race tliere 
is a spontaneous healing, but they are very rare after they have 
become infected. Cattle and carabao do not seem to be incon- 
venienced a great deal on account of the trypanosoma in the cir- 
culation, for they will work every day and thrive as if under 
normal conditions; for this reason cattle and carabao are espec- 
ially dangerous, as they can spread the infection to a large num- 
ber of animals and themselves not even be suspected. 
Rinderpest is present at all times, but the outbreaks since 
the epizootic one of 1900 have been of an enzootic nature. 
The serum treatment has been used for the purpose of produc- 
ing an immunity in animals that have been only exposed to 
the disease, and also in animals that are actually diseased (show- 
ing clinical symptoms) as a curative agent ; in the latter case 
it is given in large doses of 200 or 300 c.c. The serum inoct- 
lations have been but partially successful, so it is difficult 
to say just what amount of benefit has been obtained from 
the serum treatment towards producing an immunity. Rinder- 
pest is very prevalent in China, and as nearly all of the cattle 
consumed in these islands are imported from that country, 


380 M. J.. MYERS. 


rinderpest is introduced with nearly every ship-load of animals. 

Foot-and-mouth disease is of little importance here when 
compared with some of the other diseases, so very little atten- 
tion is given to it. 

Hog cholera, swine plague and measles are found on a post- 
mortem examination daily at the abattoir in Manila, all of 
which are condemned and cremated. There have been a few 
reports from the provinces where hogs were dying in large 
numbers. An investigation was made and the disease found 
to be cholera. Hog cholera here seems to be of a sporadic 
nature. 

Lymphangitis contagioso, is very prevalent, but usually 
yields to proper treatment, although some cases persist for 
months. The rate of mortality is very low if the animal re- 
ceives treatment. This disease may be mistaken for the cuta- 
neous form of glanders (farcy), but one soon learns to differen- 
tiate one from the other. Surgical treatment is usually all that 
is required. 

Texas fever made its appearance in a small shipment of cat- 
tle coming from the United States, which originated from north 
of the Federal Quarantine Line; all died with but one excep- 
tion a few days after landing, as a result of an inoculation of 
1 c.c. of blood from a China steer (Texas fever immune). All 
importations of cattle to these islands should come from a coun- 
try that is infested with ticks (Bodphzlus annulatus or Boophilus 
australts), as all of this country is infested with the Bodphzlus 
australis. 

Tuberculosis is practically unknown among animals in these 
islands, but is very common in man. ‘The animals here are not 
kept confined in close stables as in the States. If I remember 
correctly, there was but one case of tuberculosis found on post- 
mortem at the abattoir since American occupation. 

Actinomycosis was found ina bullimported from the United 
States for breeding purposes, and died shortly after arrival. 

Anthrax has been reported from the north central portion of 
the Island of Luzon. 


we) 
CO 
e 


FOOT ROT IN SHEEP. 


FOOT ROT IN SHEEP. 


By S. H. BAUMAN, V. S., SHELDON, IOWA. 


Read before the Meeting of the Iowa State V. M. A., Jan. 25-26, 1905. 


In selecting this subject my object is simply to give you a 
few observations I have made in actual practice on a very trou- 
blesome disease among sheep, and one that when it makes its 
appearance on the farms under the methods that have usually 
been in vogue, seems very difficult to eradicate, much more so 
than scab, owing to its persistency to keep recurring where the 
farmers are positive they have fully gotten rid of it, and a farm 
once infected seemis to retain this infection for years. 

There seems to be a great tendency to confuse it with 
thrush, mud fever, closing of biflex gland, bruises, punctures, 
due to pricks from hedge thorns, especially after trimming the 
hedge, and punctures from closely trimmed brushland are all 
classed as foot rot by some writers in the agricultural papers, 
but they are simply mistaken. 

Low and swampy ground has nothing to do with true foot 
rot, as some of the worst cases seem to be on the dryest and 
most rolling ground, where water was procured from tanks. The 
first synptom noticed is lameness in one front foot, at first not 
very marked, but gradually increasing and in many cases ex- 
tending to all the feet, but usually the front feet are the ones 
most seriously affected. It is very common to see half or even 
a larger percentage of a flock affected in many stages, some only 
slightly lame, others grazing while on their knees, and keeping 
this position much, if not all the time. One peculiar thing is the 
severity of the case and the remarkably good condition the affect- 
ed animal will keep in while in the worst stages of the disease. I 
do not mean to say that there is no shrinkage of flesh, but 
what surprises me is that there is not more. The disease 
will continue in a flock during one entire season, and from one 
year to another, with little or no abatement. Warm and damp 
weather seem the most favorable for its development, but think 
this is due to the action of magots and other parasites that prey 


382 S. H. BAUMAN. 


on the diseased parts during the time that flies are prevalent. 

There is a very offensive and characteristic odor that is a 
true diagnostic symptom in recognizing this disease. A person 
can easily detect this odor without examination, and can pro- 
nounce with safety cause of trouble in flock. 

In the earlier stages there is moisture between the toes, ex- 
tending from heel up into the hair in front of foot, and to a cas- 
ual observer resembles quite closely thrush in a horse. The 
micodrganism that causes the trouble seems to burrow through 
the sole and forms cells between the sensitive portion and bot- 
tom of the hoof, leaving in some cases quite pronounced 
chambers of broken loose sole. It much resembles the action 
of a borer in a fruit tree in the work it does. 

After the disease runs for a time the foot very often swells 
around the coronary zone. ‘The moisture disappears and 
in its place we have a discharge of a thin starchy fluid, evident- 
ly pus. The appearance and discharge seem to be of a fistulous 
nature, somewhat resembling the condition we find in a quittor, 
and indicates a necrotic area of considerable extent, and when 
not treated seems to keep on burrowing without any disposition 
to abate. 

Foot rot is contagious by inoculation and the germ is very 
tenacious and hard to get rid of, and lives quite a long time 
when protected from severe weather. What the germ is I do 
not pretend to say, but think it is of the same nature as fistula 
or poll-evil or perhaps the Baczllus necrosis. ‘The disease is 
read#ty transmissible from one animal to another, by coming in 
contact with an affected animal, by being driven over a public 
road where affected sheep have been driven, by an affected sheep 
getting through fence into a neighboring pasture, or by buying 
a ram that had been affected and supposed to have been cured, 
and probably the worst outbreak that came under my observa- 
tion was by using a pair of hoof trimmers that had been used 
on affected sheep, which were then used ona healthy flock. 
In a very short time every sheep in the flock contracted the dis- 
ease. Many owners become frightened or do not care to take 


FOOT ROT IN SHEEP. 383 


chances, so they treat the sheep until they show no lameuess, 
and then sell or ship them where they are almost sure to break 
out again, and in this manner the disease is spread into new 
fields and innocent parties suffer. The tendency among farmers 
is to unload on someone else and handle other stock for a time. 
There is practically no danger from death, but loss is due to 
shrinkage. Farmers are very much inclined to say nothing 
about having the disease, so a person in practice has very little 
chance to investigate, but it would surprise many of us were we 
to know the extent of the disease. Were our laws different so 
that a veterinary inspector could have the power to investigate 
and order proper treatment, it would be but a short time until 
foot rot and many other contagious diseases could be eradicated. 
The main trouble is with the “don’t care” farmers. They 
will do nothing unless they are compelled, and must be watched 
until they follow instructions or it will not be done. 

As to treatment, the only sure way to eradicate the disease 
in my experience is hand dipping. Do not rely on tank dip- 
ping. ‘The first step is to go over the whole flock and trim the 
feet of every sheep quite closely, and the diseased ones in par- 
ticular; cut out the sole until you find every sinew and particle 
of detached sole or wall. Use heroic measures, and never mind 
a little blood should it be necessary to cut into the sensitive 
tissues. Almost any antiseptic will cure if all the diseased parts 
are exposed and properly treated. I have known parties to use 
undiluted muriatic acid, 90 per cent., solution carbolic acid, 
turpentine, coal oil or a saturated solution of sulphate of cop- 
per, without proper trimming, with practically no results. My 
method is to trim very close, as advised above, hand dip with 
quite a strong antiseptic and repeat every day for several days. 
Separate the diseased from the well ones in a pasture not con- 
taminated and watch closely. The diseased ones should be gone 
over every day until all signs of lameness and disease have dis- 
appeared. In these cases think I have had best success with a 
20 per cent. solution of formalin, then covering the feet with 
tar and placing a pack of cotton and a bandage over the feet. 


384 S. H. BAUMAN, 


To eradicate the disease the owner must give up everything 
else and tend to the sheep, and he will succeed. I would also 
prohibit turning sheep into pastures where diseased sheep had 
run for ten months oreven one year. Haul out all manure and 
some of the clay from tke yards and scatter over the farm land. 
Keep out all sheep and scatter quicklime and other antiseptics 
over the lots. Be sure to have the ends of wool clipped from 
sides where feet come in contact while they lie down, and use 
a good dip over these parts. Burn all clippings of wool and 
hoofs. Commence early and persist and you will succeed. The 
period of incubation seems to be very short. I know of one 
case reported to me in which parties claim disease developed in 
five days after exposure. In talking with a sheep man from 
the West he said he had seen the disease in the highest altitudes 
of the Rocky Mountains, so location and: climate seem to have 
nothing to do with true foot rot. 


“A veterinary surgeon cannot practice without the RE- 
view.”—(/. 7. Nattress, V. S., Delavan, [llinovs.) 

Wuat WILL Not a Cow SwaLLow.—The following news- 
paper clipping 1s forwarded to the REviEw by Dr. H. J. Her- 
rington, Dunlap, Iowa, who vouches for the facts stated in it: 
‘A cow belonging to Ed Lehan and Ben Rose, who occupy the 
Lehan farm north of town, exhibited signs of sickness about the 
first of March. In a short time Dr. Herrington, the veterina- 
rian, was called, and after a diagnosis of the case, pronounced 
the animal suffering with some foreign substance in the stom- 
ach. A short time ago the cow died, and at the request of Dr. 
Herrington, who was unable to be present, Mr. Rose made an 
examination of the stomach, which disclosed a miniature roll- 
ing mill. The following articles were preserved for exhibition 
and turned over to Dr. Herrington: Five rivets ranging in size 
from one-fourth of an inch to an inch and one-fourth, three riv- 
et washers, four shingle nails, one small screw-eye, four ordinary 
carpet tacks, and two fence staples averaging about one and 
one-fourth inches in length. In addition to this Mr. Rose found 
a quantity of solder which had been melted from tin cans and 
which the cow had lapped up with ashes and salt, and this ac- 
counts for the other articles in the stomach, as well.” 


NOTES ON STRONGYLUS CONTORTUS. 385 


NOTES ON STRONGYLUS CONTORTUS. 
By Louis A. KLEIN, V. M. D., PROFESSOR OF VETERINARY SCIENCE IN 
CLEMSON COLLEGE, S. C., AND STATE VETERINARIAN OF 
SouTH CAROLINA. 


In the course of an investigation into several outbreaks of 
verminous gastritis in calves and young cattle, one case was met 
with in which the parasites (S¢rongylus contortus) were discovered 
in an unusual location. In this animal, a heifer 18 months 
old, only a few of the worms were found in the abomasum and 
afew in the duodenum, but in the czecum there were a large 
number. None of the worms were attached to the mucous mem- 
brane. Those in the abomasum and duodenum were lying in 
the thick, tenacious mucus which covered the surface of the 
membrane, while those in the ceecum were floating in the dark- 
brown watery fluid with which that reservoir was filled. The 
abomasum and small intestines were entirely empty. The ani- 
mal had been too weak to stand for four days previous to death, 
and during this time there had prevailed a severe diarrhea. 
From these circumstances, it would appear that the animal had 
reached such a low condition that the blood did not afford suf- 
ficient nourishment for the worms and they were leaving the 
body—those in the cecum and duodenum being on their way 
out, and those in the abomasum having detached themselves 
from the mucous membrane preparatory to leaving. 

This case shows that it is not always sufficient to look in the 
abomasum for the worms. It also shows that it is not always 
safe to exclude the worms as the cause of the diseased condition 
merely because they are few in number. 

Friedberger and Frohner’ say that unless the autopsy is made 
soon after death the worms may not be found, as they are quick- 
ly destroyed by digestion in the stomach of the cadaver. In the 
case referred to above the animal had been dead 30 hours when 
the examination was made, and yet numerous worms were found 
unharmed by the digestive fluids. The circumstances in this 
case would seem to justify the conclusion that had the life 


386 LOUIS A. KLEIN. 


functions continued a little while longer, the worms would have 
all passed out of the stomach and intestines and this hypothesis 
would also explain the absence of the worms from animals that 
had apparently died of the disease. 

Friedberger and Frohner’ and Neumann’, referring es- 
pecially to the disease in sheep, and Law’, writing of Szron- 
gylus contortus in ruminants in general, state that the disease 
usually appears in the spring and summer, but in all the cases 
observed by the writer in South Carolina the first symptoms did 
not appear until late in August and early in September and the 
deaths occurred in October, November and December. The 
cases reported by Falsetter, Knight* and Stiles® in Texas also 
occurred in the same seasons of the year. 

Only the young cattle suffered from the parasite—those 
under 14 years old which were not suckling or being fed by 
hand. None of the grown cattle exhibited any of the symptoms 
of the disease, although on most of the infested farnis, they used 
the same pastures during the day and, in some cases, the same 
stalls at night. This absence of visible symptoms, however, 
can not be accepted as positive evidence that the adult cattle 
are not infested with the worms, for there is reason to believe 
that grown cattle can carry the parasite in considerable numbers 
without apparently suffering from its presence. This point 
must always be considered in treating an infested herd. 

The coal-tar creosote treatment recommended by Stiles® 
was advised and proved quite efficacious. The drug was pre- 
scribed in the following doses, shaken up in a pint of water: 
calves 3 to 8 months old, 25 to 50 minims; yearlings, 75 min- 
ims; I to 1% years old, 2 drachms. The owners were advised 
to give the medicine to all the young cattle, the exposed as well 
as the sick, and to withhold feed for 12 hours before and water 
for 6 hours after giving the dose. The treatment was to be 
given once a week for 3 or 4 weeks and the animals were to be 
kept out of the infected pastures and to have clean drinking 
water. 

On one farm, where all the young cattle but one had been 


NOTES ON STRONGYLUS CONTORTUS. 387 


lost for three years and where ten had died last fall, the medi- 
cine was given to twelve “ long-yearlings” which had been in 
the infected pasture since spring. They were in poor condition, 
thin and hide-bound, but all improved rapidly after the treat- 
ment was given four times. 

‘On another farm, where eleven calves had died during the 
fall, the treatment was given to twenty-one calves, several of 
which exhibited pronounced symptoms of the disease—cedem- 
atous swelling in the sublingual region and diarrhcea—and all 
showed loss of condition. All recovered, the treatment being 
given four times. 

Three affected heifers on another farm, where two yearlings 
had been lost from the disease, also received the treatment and 
recovered. 

The treatment was recommended to the owners of two other 
herds of cattle in which the presence of the parasite was estab- 
lished by post-mortem examination, but no report as to the ap- 
plication of the treatment or the results obtained has been re- 
ceived from them. 

REFERENCES. 


1. Friedberger and Frohner. Pathology and Therapeutics of the 
Domestic Animals (Zuili’s translation), Vol. I, pp. 269-270. 

2. Neumann, Prof. Ll. G. Parasites and Parasitic Diseases of the 
Domesticated Animals (Fleming’s translation), p. 364. 

3. Law, Prof. J. Text-Book of Veterinary Medicine, Vol. V, p. 254. 

4. Knight, Dr. W. A. AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, Vol. 
XXVIII, pp. 522-525. 

5. Stiles, Dr. Ch. Wardell. Seventeenth Annual Report, Bureau of 
Animal Industry, p. 371. 


PRESIDENT KNOWLES, of the A. V. M. A., is quite sanguine 
that the attendance at the Cleveland meeting will be the largest 
in the history of the Association. More members and visitors 
were present at St. Louis than at any former meeting, many of 
them being attracted, no doubt, by the added interest of the 
World’s Fair. Should this year’s gathering exceed that of 1904 
it will indeed mean interest and progress. The programme 
justifies the best attendance ever. 


io) 
is 6) 
ie 6) 


REPORTS OF CASES. 
REPORTS OF CASES. 


** Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him. By re- 
cording his observations, he adds tothe knowledge of his profession, and assists by his facts 
in building up the solid edifice of pathological science.”’ 


OUTBREAK IN SHEEP. 
By A. W. WHITEHOUSE, V. S., Laramie, Wyoming. 


I send some notes of work done on a disease which attacked 
a band of sheep running near Laramie. ‘The investigation re- 
sulted negatively, and I forward the description in the hope that 
some one may have seen a similar outbreak and have succeeded 
in determining the cause. 

The band affected numbered about 2,500, all very good ewes, 
mostly two and three years old, with a sprinkling of old ones; 
they were in capital condition. They had wintered on the range 
about seven miles northwest of Laramie, getting snow most of 
the time instead of water, and being fed baled hay during storms. 
This range is covered with grass, there being very few weeds, a 
little greasewood, and very little other brush. 

During the whole of March the weather was mild (for this 
climate), light snow storms alternating with thaws, the frost 
was out of the ground, and on the 15th there was grass from 
one to two inches high, and a few early spring weeds peeping 
up. 

On March 15 7 sheep died, on March 16 6, on March 17 1, 
on, March 18 3; total, 17. ‘After this there were no more 
deaths or sickness, though the sheep were not moved. 

I only saw one sick one alive, and with the exception of the 
herder, an unusually intelligent Mexican, no one had the oppor- 
tunity of observing the others during life. 

This herder stated that when he first noticed them they 
would be dropping back from the bunch as the rest fed along, 
and that they would seldom live many minutes after he reached 
them. He said that they acted likea man with pneumonia, and 
also described convulsions. All were fat, and those he had 
opened were pregnant two-year-olds, the lungs being affected, 
the bronchi and trachea full of mucus, and the other organs, par- 
ticularly the kidneys, apparently healthy. 

I was called in on March 17, together with Dr. A. L. Bailey, 
the Federal stock inspector. On arrival at the camp we found 
about 10 skinned carcassesthere. The pelts and external mus- 


REPORTS OF CASES. 389 


cular appearances were in all cases normal. Opened three. 

No. 1.—Ewe, two years old, very fat, pregnant. Lungs, dark 
purplish red ; appeared consolidated through entire area—one 
slight adhesion on right side. Bronchi, bright scarlet, and con- 
tained white frothy mucus. Trachea, scarlet and inflamed, 
gradually improving towards larynx, which was normal; much 
of the white frothy mucus. Pericardium filled with dark red 
fluid. Small intestines, one or two slight areas of inflammation. 
Kidneys broken down; acute nephritis; air under capsule of 
one; urine tubes dry and white, probably occluded, in this one. 
Bladder empty and slightly inflamed. Spleen, dark reddish 
brown externally, grumous. Gall-bladder empty, orange colored, 
distended with gas. Feeces normal to soft. Paunch normal. 
Blood coagulates normally. From this case we preserved part 
of a lung, the heart, kidneys and spleen. 

No. 2.—Ewe, two years old, fat, pregnant. Lungs, small 
areas of hepatization ; areas of scarlet congestion, shading to 
purple ; areas apparently healthy. Both lungs about equally 
affected. Bronchi filled with white frothy mucus, scarlet. Kid- 
neys apparently normal. Bladder empty. Spleen normal. Di- 
gestive tract normal. Gall-bladder empty, gaseous, yellowish. 
From this case we preserved the kidneys. 

No. 3.—Ewe, two years old, very fat, pregnant. Both lungs 
severely congested, but not extensively hepatized. Bronchi 
scarlet and full of white frothy mucus. Some nephritis. Gall- 
bladder full and normal. From this case we preserved the 
paunch. 

We then drove to where the bunch was feeding and were 
fortunate enough to see one alive. When at some little dis- 
tance we saw a sheep separated by about a quarter of a mile 
from the bunch and coughing most violently, with its whole 
body. Before we reached it it was lying down, and did not 
cough again while we observed it. It proved to be a two-year- 
old fat ewe, and went into convulsions as we arrived, having a 
most violent spasm of the diaphragm, shaking the whole body, 
and audible at a distance of several feet. "This spasm accom- 
panied expiration, and occurred about 25 to the minute. The 
ewe very nearly died at this time. Heart fluttering and irregu- 
lar. Crowing sound in upper third of lungs, bubbling rale in 
middle third, silence in lower third ; great bubbling in larynx, 
considerable in trachea. Bled her at noseand ear. Left her to 
drive through the bunch. On our return in, say, half an hour 
she seemed much better, but on laying her down the spasm re- 


390 REPORTS OF CASES. 


turned, though less violently than before. Temperature 104° F. 
Her breathing in the intervals of spasm was distressed, but not 
markedly so. 

This sheep never rejoined the herd, but her carcass was not 
found. No doubt she died that night. The herder stated that 
when we saw her she had been sick two hours, longer than any 
of the others had lived. 

On March 19 I again went to camp and opened all the other 
carcasses. All showed frothy mucus in the bronchi except one, 
which was full of clear mucus. All showed scarlet stain of 
bronchi and most showed scarlet stain of lower third of trachea. 
All bladders were empty. Found no more diseased kidneys. 
The brains of two appeared healthy. Examined no other brains. 
All gall-bladders contained bile, but they were not full. Took 
blood from the heart of one, and mucus mixed with blood from 
the bronchi of another, and forwarded these to the Bureau of 
Animal Industry for microscopic and bacterial examination. 

Dr. Bailey forwarded to the Kansas City Veterinary College 
the heart, part of the lung, the kidneys and spleen of No. 1 and 
the kidneys of No. 2. These were preserved in a 4o per cent. 
formaldehyde solution. The results were as follows: 

“Dr. Kinsley has completed examination of specimens re- 
ceived from you and finds the blood free from any known patho- 
genic microorganisms, neither did he find any such organisms 
in the solid tissues. The tissues from case No. 1 showed most 
marked lesions, the kidney and spleen being in a state of acute 
inflammation, the heart only showing cloudy swelling. The 
kidney in case No. 2 showed very little modification other than 
some congestion. Specimens from the solid tissues as well as 
the blood specimens were carefully examined for microbes and, 
as stated before, no pathogenic organisms were found.” 

The paunch of No. 3 was chemically examined by Prof. H. 
S. Knight, Chemist of the University of Wyoming. He reports: 

‘‘Examination and analysis of contents of a sheep’s stomach 
received March 19.—-Stomach seems to be normal. Arsenic, no 
test. Saltpetre, no test. Alkaloids, no test. Made a life test 
with a guinea-pig, also for alkaloids, and got negative results. 
HENRY S. KNIGHT, Chemzst.” 

Profs. B. C. Buffum, of the Experiment Station, and Aven 
Nelson, State Botanist, examined the balance of the contents of 
this paunch and found only grasses and harmless weeds. 

The blood and mucus sent to Washington also yielded nega- © 
tive results. Dr. Salmon reports : 


REPORTS OF CASES. 391 


‘“A bacteriological examination and cultural test of this 
blood revealed the presence of numerous bacilli, cocci and sap- 
rophytic bacteria, which were plated and obtained in pure cul- 
ture. Inoculations were made with these cultures into various 
experimental animals, but with negative results, indicating that 
the cause of the disease was not located in the blood. From the 
symptoms and post-mortem lesions you have described it seems 
probable that the sheep died of cerebritis, which is not infre- 
quently observed in very fat ewes at the lambing season. It 
may result from food of a too stimulating nature, or an excess 
of coarse innutritious foodstuffs. Grazing the flock early in the 
morning while hoarfrost is still on the ground, is also said to be 
a cause, and accounts for this affection usually breaking out 
among sheep in the early spring and late fall, when they are 
thriving and in good condition.” 

The common factors in the disease appear to be the short 
duration (about two hours), the invariable fatality, the bronchi- 
tis with frothy mucus, the fact that though the appearance of 
the lungs vary in different cases each lung in the same case is 
equally affected, and the empty bladders. These last are ac- 
counted for by the convulsions. 

A curious feature is that the sheep died for four days, after 
which no cases occurred, though the band remained on the 
same grazing ground till two weeks ago. There are no reports 
of similar losses from other camps. 

In poisoning by the Death Camas (Zygadenus venenosus), as 
described in Bulletin 26, U. S. Dept. of Ag., Div. of Botany, 
‘““The Stock Poisoning Plants of Montana,” the spasms and la- 
bored breathing are described, and also the congestion and he- 
patization of the lungs, but the Death Camas does not appear 
above ground here till the first or second week in May, and the 
bulbs are four or five inches underground. The stem is very 
weak, and it seems incredible that the sheep should be able to 
pull them up at that time of year. 

Every trail when followed up seems to lead into a cul-de-sac. 


' 
AZOTURIA. 


By ROBERT DicKSON, D. V. S., Seabright, N. J. 


On Thursday, March 23, at 7 A. M., a gray mare, 15.2 hands 
high, five years old, was working in a team, and on their way 
to work about two miles from home the driver noticed her act- 
ing peculiarly, knuckling and faltering in her gait, and began 


392 REPORTS OF CASES. 


to sweat profusely. He turned back for home, and I was tele- 
phoned for. When I arrived found her up, trembling and 
nervous. ‘Took her temperature, 102; respiration, 24; pulse, 
56. I put her on salines, sent my slings over and told them to 
try and get her to stand in them; but right after I left she got 
down. I did not give ball, as is my custom, neither did I cath- 
eterize her. As I had seen so many die, I thought to do some- 
thing different and let nature take its course. 

Friday, 24th, I called and found her still down and thrash- 
ing, head all bruised and cut; temperature, 104; respiration, 
60; pulse, 80. I applied mustard to her back and loins, and 
found no change. 

Saturday, 25th, still down and thrashing; kept up same 
treatment; temperature, 103; respiration, 40; pulse, 60; ravenous 
appetite and very thirsty ; no urine nor feeces had passed to date. 

Sunday, 26th, the fourth day, appeared to be worse; added 
sedatives along with salines; temperature, 102 ; respiration, 60; 
pulse, 40; still kept thrashing ; head and shoulders all cut and 
bruised, so that she could not see out of one eye. 

Monday, 27th, at 7 A. M., she made a plunge and struggled 
to get up on her feet, just as the drivers in the stable were pre- 
paring to go out with their teams. They saw her and all ran 
to help her to get up and steadied her while she was on her feet. 
They got her in the slings as quickly as possible ; she urinated 
and passed feeces and began toeat. When I arrived I found her 
very weak and trembling. This was at 9 A.M. Front legs 
were swollen to twice their normal size; temperature, 102; 
respiration, 60; pulse, 4o. I gave her a stimulant and put the 
men to rub her dry and bathe the legs and do her up with cold 
bandages. | 

Tuesday, 28th, found her still weak and trembling, but do- 
ing well under the conditions ; temperature, 103; respiration, 
24; pulse, 60. 

Wednesday, 29th, found her still improving, eating well, urine 
and faeces regular; temperature, 102; respiration, 20; pulse, 56. 

Thursday, 30th, recovering fast, appetite good, urine and 
feeces regular; temperature, 102; respiration, 12; pulse, 50. 
Was taken out of the sling, walked about fifty feet and put back 
in the slings again. She acted well, with the exception of her 
near fore-leg, which she did not use so well, as it was stiff and 
stocked, with considerable cedema, and looked like a case. of 
purpura, and I treated her accordingly. 

Friday, 31st, still improving ; temperature, 1012; respira- 


REPORTS OF CASES. 393 


tion, 12; pulse, 50. Front leg still swollen and very large at 
knee ; had them rubbed down one way well with cold lotions 
and walked for five minutes. Seeing no bad effects, left her out 
of the slings. 

Saturday, April 1st, temperature, respiration and pulse nor- 
mal. Eating well, urine and feces regular; ordered her turned 
out ina paddock and taken in at night. Did not see her then 
for five days, and on my next visit they were giving her light 
exercise in harness. I discharged her as cured. 

I saw this mare a month after I discharged her, and she was 
working in team and carting heavy loads and appeared to be in 
perfect health. 


PROTRUSION OF INTESTINES FOLLOWING CASTRATION.* 
. By JOHN THOompson, Iowa. 

In June, 1904, I was asked by a stock raiser near this place 
to castrate some colts, and among them was a large, fine appear- 
ing three-year-old horse of trotting breed, that had been used 
some in the stud the previous spring. The horse mentioned 
was led out first, an ordinary casting harness applied, and secur- 
ed in the usual way. ‘The scrotal and inguinal regions were, to 
all appearances and manipulations, normal, testicles and sper- 
matic cords well developed. The testicles, and probably about 
three inches of each cord, were removed by the emasculator. 
The only unusual occurrence noticed during operation was that 
there was no retraction of cords at time of scrotal incision and 
following the manipulations of testicles, nor the slightest strug- 
gle on the part of the animal. The horse on being released im- 
mediately jumped to his feet, pranced about, apparently as gay 
as ever, and was led back and tied in his stall—a single stall at 
one end of stable. 

About one hour later, having finished other work, we re- 
turned to the barn to find the horse in great agony, struggling 
violently, balanced partly on his back with one hind foot forced 
through the barn wall, and profuse perspiration all over his 
body. Closer investigation revealed a mass of small intestines, 
about the size of a small bucket, protruding through each scrotal 
incision. ‘The protruded mass had a congested and tumefied ap- 
pearance, having been bruised by the animal during his strug- 
gles, and was covered with all sorts of dirt from the stable floor. 
Immediate destruction was advised and carriedinto effect. Ac- 
cording to the owner a scrotal hernia had at no time existed. 


* Read before the Meeting of the Iowa State V, M. A., Jan. 25-26, 1905. 


394 REPORTS OF CASES. 


COLLINSONIA (HARDHACK) POISONING. 
By G. E. Corwin, Jr., D. V. S., Lakeville, Conn. 


One evening in the spring (April) I was called to attend a 
cow which was in great agony, suffering with the following 
symptoms: head swollen, especially marked about the eyes and 
throat ; tremulous condition of the whole body ; a profuse dis- 
charge, which was watery, from the eyes and mouth; intense 
itching of all parts of the body ; mucous membrane of the eyes, 
nose, mouth and vagina, congested ; frequent micturation ; tem- 
perature 103.4° F.; lienteric diarrhcea, and in a semi-delirious 
condition. 

At first it looked as though one might diagnose it as malig- 
nant catarrh, but surrounding conditions and history of the case 
put one on the guard. 

The cow had been turned out to pasture for the first time, 
and returned to the stable apparently all right, until it was no- 
ticed that she wouldn’t put her head through the stantion. 
Upon examination it was found that her head was swollen, and 
following this came the quick development of the other symp- 
toms. 

I examined the cow carefully, and by questioning got a 
very good history. 

Did not give any diagnosis, but told the owner that I would 
call early next morning and left the following treatment: Po- 
tassi nitratis, 2ij, in a pint of water, and had her bathed every 
two hours with a solution of acid boracic and fl, ext. belladonna 
folia, in warm water. 

On my arrival next morning I found the cow in as good 
condition as she ever was, chewing her cud and abatement of 
all symptoms. 

A little trip about the pasture revealed the presence of the 
new sprouts of hardhack which, as could be seen, had been 
nipped off, and no doubt the cow was the victim of enough to 
cause a general poisoning from its irritant effects. 


Nore.—Common names of collinsonia, other than hardhack: stone- 
root, house-weed, horse-balm, heal-all, etc. 


POTASSIUM IODIDE IN A CASE OF NASAL OBSTRUCTION.* 
By JoHN THompson, Iowa. 
A twelve-year-old, 1400-pound, chestnut gelding, used for 
heavy work, is brought for treatment. History shows that dif- 


* Read before the Meeting of the Iowa State V. M. A., Jan, 25-26, 1905. 


—_ 


REPORTS OF CASES. 395 


ficulty in respiration on severe exertion had been noticed some 
two weeks previously, a roaring sound at both inspiration and 
expiration. This condition had increased in severity day by 
day, and at this time, though being kept in stable and fed well, 
emaciation was considerable. The horse can be made to walk 
only at a very slow gait, and even when quiet loud roaring 
sounds accompany each respiratory act. Examination of the 
head proves one nasal passage to be partially, and the other 
completely obstructed. Anterior parts of nasal chambers show 
nothing abnormal. With the aid of a mouth speculum an at- 
tempt is made to examine posteriorly. 

Animal struggles some, falls to floor and suffocation seems 
threatened. He soon, however, regains standing position, ap- 
parently no worse for his tumble. Tracheotomy is advised, but 
this step objected to by owner, he having no faith in the case, 
nor in me perhaps. Prescribed pot. iodide in two drachm doses 
three times a day given in moist feed, and lost sight of case. 

Later I have learned that owner in order to get rid of ani- 
mal gave it toa farmer on the same day, to take out of town 
and destroy. The latter took the prescription with the horse 
and commenced treatment. Within one week slight improve- 
ment was said to be detected. The treatment being continued 
at intervals for over six weeks resulted in thorough recovery. 


CYSTIC MAMMARY TUMOR. 
By HERMANN Kock, D. V.S., Brooklyn, N. Y. 


The patient, a fox terrier, was first seen Sept. 3, 1903. The 
tumor then was about the size of a pigeon’s egg. Advised re- 
moval, but client (a young 
lady) could not be induced 
to have it done. So pre- 
scribed kali iodidi, crystal 
iodine, and adeps, the oint- 
ment to be applied several 
times daily. 

The next time I saw 
patient was June 20, 1904. 
Tumor was as large as a 
goose’s egg and suppurating. 
Ordered wound flushed with 
hot water, and injections of 


hydrogen peroxide ; wound healing very readily. 


396 REPORTS OF CASES. 

The last time I saw patient was April 14, 1905. Animal 
was then 15 years old, emaciated, debilitated, totally blind from 
cataracts in both eyes, and tumor of enormous size, as seen in 
photos. Patient chloroformed. 

Tumor weighed 1 pound 12% ounces, and had small cysts 
all through it. Animal had never been bred, and the only in- 
jury received was a deep barbwire cut in the region of the mam- 
mary gland when two years old. 


A DEVICE TO PREVENT DOGS INTERFERING WITH DRESSINGS. 
By Drs. WHITE and PLASKETT, Nashville, Tenn. 
We send you a photograph of fox-hound dog which suffered 
from fracture of the femur at the junction of its middle and up- 


per thirds. The parts were immobilized by the application of 
a heavy plaster cast. A wooden collar was applied to prevent 
tearing of bandage, and dog made good recovery. 


STERILIZED AIR TREATMENT FOR PARTURIENT PARESIS. 
By E. C. THurRSTON D. V. S., Sydney, N. S. 

With reference to treatment of parturient paresis by inflating 
the udder with atmospheric air, the following may be of inter- 
est. On May 17 I was called to North Sydney Mines, a dis- 
tance of 16 miles; before leaving I put the current number of 


REPORTS OF CASES. 397 


the REVIEW in my pocket to read on the trip across the harbor ; 
becoming very much interested in the case reports of paresis 
therein cited, I made up my mind to follow the line of treat- 
ment at the first opportunity. 

On my return I received a message by telephone to one of 
our largest dairies. The proprietor told me he had a valuable 
Guernsey cow which, to use his own expression, was ‘‘ down and 
out with paralysis,” at the same time saying he did not think 
anything could be done as he had lost two cows a short time 
previous under similar circumstances. However, I went out to 
see the patient, which I treated in a similar manner to the case 
reported by Dr. Dalrymple, using the bulb from my thermo- 
cautery with a teat syphon instead of a hypodermic canula. 

The following morning the patient was up and feeding—ap- 
parently as well as ever. Needless to say the owner was most 
agreeably surprised, and considered the treatment little short of 
miraculous. 


AMONG the distinguished foreigners who will honor the A. 
V. M. A. by presenting papers at the coming meeting are Drs. 
Robert Ostertag, of Germany; K. Tsuno, of Jepen' and James 
Desmond, of Australia. 

Amonc other valuable contributions to ie 1905 meeting of 
the A. V. M. A. will be one of particular interest by Dr. Leo- 
nard Pearson on ‘“‘ The Vaccination of Cattle against Tuberculo- 
sis.” Dr. Pearson and his staff have done sufficient work along 
this line to justify him in taking a definite position. In addi- 
tion to this a particularly instructive exhibit will be made by 
Pearson and Gilliland of specimens showing the different lesions 
of tuberculosis in domestic animals, and, above all, of specimens 
showing the results of vaccination against this disease. 

THE HorsE— HERE’s TO H1m.”’—“ Here’s to that bundle 
of sentient nerves, with the heart of a woman, the eye of a 
gazelle, the courage of a gladiator, the docility of a slave, the 
proud carriage of a king, and the blind obedience of a soldier ; 
the companion of the desert plain, that turns the moist furrows 
in the spring in order that all the world may have abundant 
harvest, that furnishes the sport of kings, that with blazing eye 
and distended nostril fearlessly leads our greatest generals 
through carnage and renown, whose blood forms one of the in- 
gredients that go to make the ink in which all history is writ- 
ten, and who finally, in black trappings, pulls the humblest of 
us to the newly sodded threshold of eternity.” 


398 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


ITALIAN REVIEW. 


By Prof. A. LIAUTARD, M. D., V. M. 


NECROSIS OF THE CARTILAGE OF PROLONGATION OF THE 
SCAPULA IN A BovINE [Dr. Pietro Ghisleni|.—Described more 
as a sequelze of diseases of the withers, specially in solipeds, 
necrosis does also present itself as localized and limited to itself 
as a consequence of direct traumatism. A four-year-old cow re- 
ceived a severe injury on the supero-anterior border of the right 
shoulder, which gave rise to a swelling warm and painful. This 
has existed for some twenty days and lately from the centre of 
the swelling a slight quantity of pus escapes. The introduc- 
tion of a small probe into the opening from which the pus 
oozes out, reveals a fistulous tract, running towards the cervical 
angle of the cartilage, which is felt rough and grating. There 
is also a small subcutaneous tract running forward toward the 
superior third of the anterior border of the bone. As there is 
no difficulty in the function of locomotion, no other diagnosis 
can be made but abscess of the cervical angle of the scapula with 
necrosis of the corresponding part of the cartilage. The animal 
was secured, the fistulous tract freely opened, a large piece of 
necrosed cartilage was removed, all infiltrated tissue surround- 
ing was cut away, curetting of all diseased tissues made and 
antiseptic dressing with drainage, etc., applied. In five and 
twenty days after the cow had entirely recovered. Conclusions 
of the author : Once more is demonstrated the advantage of the 
radical mode of treatment of similar injuries rather than to re- 
sort to the injection of irritating or cauterizing substances, 
which are so frequently followed by failures.—(Clznzca Vetert- 
naria, fanuary, 1905.) 

SUPRA-COTYLOID LUXATION, DISEASED HEAD OF THE 
RIGHT FEMUR, FRACTURE OF THE ILIUM AND OF THE COSTAL 
CARTILAGES OF THE CORRESPONDING SIDE IN A FILLY [Dr. 
Pietro Ghislent|.—A very interesting history of an animal 
which had injured herself by being cast in day time while at 
liberty in her stall and was left unobserved struggling for some 
time. When removed from her position she showed she was very 
lame, had bruises and wounds on the right hind-leg. She was 
left in her box, but as noimprovement was observed the author 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 399 


was consulted to say if recovery was possible, if the animal 
could ever do slow work, or if she could be used for breeding. 
As it was three months since the animal had been hurt, it was 
rather late to inquire. At any rate,a minute examination soon 
settled the question. Thedeformity, the lameness, the atrophy 
of the muscles, the presence of a large callous by rectal examina- 
tion, the detection of slight motion within the rectum of the 
fragments of bone, etc., all were sufficient to give an unfavor- 
able opinion, and the filly was killed. At the post-mortem the 
characteristic lesions of the injury of the coxo-femoral joint, the 
presence of the osseous deposits on the femur, on the ilium, 
around the cortyloid cavity, the callous on the ribs, all confirmed 
the diagnosis of lesions which had been made out, described 
and illustrated.—(Clznzca Veterinaria, Jan. and Feb., 1905.) 
EXTENSIVE LACERATED WOUND OF THE WHOLE RIGHT 
AXILLARY REGION, INVOLVING ALSO PART OF THE EXTEN- 
SOR MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM OF THE LEG OF THE SAME 
SIDE IN A Cow, WITH RECOVERY [Dr. Pretro Ghislent].— 
Frightened by her keeper, while she was turned out, a cow started 
running and attempted to jump over the door which had an 
iron lance. She failed in her attempt and caught on the iron 
lance, was finally gotten loose, bleeding profusely. Were her 
injuries curable? was the question the author had to settle. 
When the animal was seen the hemorrhage had stopped, but 
her condition was serious. There was excessive subcutaneous 
emphysema, which made the animal look monstrous. ‘The ster- 
nal region was the seat of a large wound, from which hung two 
large flaps of skin and muscle. The right anterior leg, held in 
flexion, was resting on the ground by the anterior face of the 
foot. There was a wound which from the posterior border of 
the shoulder extending forward into the axilla to join the point 
of the scapulo-humeral joint and which allowed the introduc- 
tion of the two fists between the leg and the lateral wall of the 
chest. In fact, the hand and half of the forearm could be in- 
troduced into the axilla, the lez being almost entirely severed 
from the trunk. There was alsoa laceration of the extensors 
of the forearm, from the external to the internal side of the re- 
gion. The hand within the axilla could feel another applied 
in this last wound, the extensor muscles being lacerated by 
an irregularly horizontal cut, right across their length and 
some four fingers about the cubitus. The prognosis was doubt- 
ful. The treatment consisted in removing all loose torn struc- 
tures, suture of the edges of the wound after being cut smooth 


400 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


and even, the application of drainage tubes to facilitate the in- 
jection of repeated washing with creolin solution at 3 per cent. 
The animal was kept in slings for a certain length of time and 
after 39 days of treatment was considered as cured, having only 
a long cicatricial mark as evidence of her severe injury.—(C/zz- 
2ca Veterinaria, February, 1905.) 

A CASE OF PRIMARY TUBERCULOSIS OF THE MAMMa# [Dr. 
Giuseppe ad’ Alexandro|.—On October 25th the author was called 
to a farm where several cows were kept. One was shown to 
him. A handsome Dutch animal, aged eight years, with a 
splendid coat of hair, the skin supple and fine, the temperature 
38.2°, and the functions, digestive and respiratory, normal. But 
the posterior quarters of the mamme, the right one specially, 
areswollen. On palpation they feel hard, their sensibility is 
increased, and they give the sensation of being nodulous and 
bossilated. It is a month since this condition was noticed, and 
notwithstanding the milk has not changed in aspect, it looks 
quite normal, but the quantity has diminished. The supra- 
mammary lymphatic glands are swollen, hard and suspicious of 
tubercular nature. Yet the exploration of all the other glands 
is negative and nothing can be found in the submaxillary, the 
parotids, prescapular, axillary, prepectorals, or even retro- 
pharyngeal and sublumbar, as far as they can be examined ; all 
seem to be perfectly normal. The bacteriological examination 
of the milk reveals the condition of affairs, and by the various 
methods used by the author the bacillus of Koch is revealed. 
The cow is evidently suffering with tuberculosis. She is 
slaughtered. At the most minute examination not the slight- 
est alteration could be found except those of the mamme. All 
the lymphatic glands were found normal, the lungs, the pleura, 
the pericardium, peritoneum, meninges, synovial membranes, 
genito-urinary apparatus, everything was normal. The right 
mamme only was the seat of the lesions detected by external ex- 
amination. The glandular lobes were greyish, of lardaceous 
aspect. Softening had taken place already in some. For a 
few tubercles the central caseous degeneration had taken place, 
in others calcification. ‘The mammary tissue had lost its elas- 
ticity and presented on section a condition of softening, with 
more or less caseous degeneration in the centre. From all these 
conditions of the udder and the absence of lesions in any other 
organs the author considers that there is no possible doubt as to 
the correctness of his diagnosis.—(Clinzca Veterinaria, Feb- 


vuary, 1905). 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 401 


LACERATED WOUND OF THE ENTIRE LEFT AXILLARY 
REGION IN A MARE, WITH PARTIAL SEPARATION OF THE 
CORRESPONDING SHOULDER AND ARM FROM THE THORAX— 
RECOVERY [Dr. Pietro Ghislent|.—This mare, turned loose 
in a field, while trying to jump a ditch fell upon the point of a 
niece of wood and inflicted upon herself a large wound of the 
left axilla. Seen some fifteen minutes after the accident, the 
atimal was found with a laceration which from a few centime- 
tyes of the point of the shoulder extended along the line of the 

_“axilla as far back as the posterior border of the scapula. Air 

- was sucking into the cellular tissue at each movement of the 
animal and the leg was held in marked adduction. A veteri- 
narian was called, who after disinfection and arrest of the hem- 
otrhage had attempted by sutures to keep the parts together, 
but with the irritability of the patient, its repeated motions, 
the stitches had given away, and, notwithstanding the greatest 
care, the case was not progressing. The author was called. He 
found the solution of continuity with lacerated borders and an 
abundant suppuration. The leg was carried freely in adduc- 
tion at each motion. ‘The animal was then cast and the parts 
thoroughly washed. It was then that it was observed that the 
axilla was so far injured that almost the whole leg was separa- 
ted from the trunk. After a minute examination of the parts, 
taking in consideration the impossibility of bringing the edges 
of the parts together and that of keeping them together, the 
author prescribed the injection, within the cavity of the separa- 
ted leg, of a liquid blistering preparation and a friction of the 
same mixture over the whole surface of the shoulder and of the 
arm of the left side, with the double object of giving rise to a 
uniform process of inflammation over the two surfaces of the 
injured region (inner face of the shoulder and inner face of the 
axilla) and again to develop in that region a cause of immobili- 
zation which would facilitate the cicatrization by suppuration. 
The animal was sold some weeks after and at a later date was 
reported doing well and with prospect of complete recovery. 
—(Chinica Veterinaria, March, 1905). 

EPITHELIOMA OF THE PENIS IN A Horse [Dr. Pretro 
Ghislent|.—This horse for two years has had an enlargement: 
at the inferior face of the glans penis, which gradually has 
grown, become ulcerated, and finally interfered with urination 
which was frequently accompanied with hemorrhage. Attempt 
has been made to remove the growth with a ligature without 
success. And now there is an enormous paraphymosis; a 


402 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


very large cauliflower mass protruding from the sheath pre- 
vents the retraction of the penis. The organ above it is infil- 
trated, cedematous and hangs out of the sheath. When the an- 
imal is to micturate, he stretches with his hind-legs apart, the 
neck is extended and the back arched, and after a few minutes 
the urine escapes from several openings. The diagnosis of ma- 
lignant tumor imposes an operation, which is performed May 
24th. Amputation of the whole diseased mass with the ecraseur 
of Chassaignac. It weighed 147 grammes. The animal was 
returned to the owner the next day. Towards the end of July 
he was brought back to the writer for lameness and for diseased 
withers. An-examination of the penis showed that there was a 
return of the old trouble with fistulous tracts, and escape of abun- 
dant suppuration of bad aspect. The owner gave the horse up 
and he was destroyed. At the post-mortem examination of the 
penis, the preputial sac was found with its walls like fibrous 
tissue and the end of the penis was representing a large cauli- 
flower, with five openings communicating with an urethra more 
or less diseased. The microscopic examination of the tumor 
proved it to be cancer of the epithelial covering of the penis.— 
(Clinica Veterinaria, March, 1905). 

FIBROMAS IN MULES AND HorssEs [Dr. Felice Cinottt].— 
These are taken among many others observed by the author: 
Case 7.—A mule, six years of age, has a growth on the superior 
lid of the right eye. Three months before it made its appear- 
ance, then very small, hard, and only recently it has begun to 
enlarge rapidly. To-day it prevents the eye from opening and 
the lid covers much of the globe. The external aspect is bos- 
selated; the skin is rosy, the eyelashes are few. ‘The mass is 
hard, with the skin intimately adherent. It is movable on the 
tarsal cartilage, which is not involved in the diseased process. 
The diagnosis of fibroma of the upper eyelid is made, and an 
operation is prescribed. The animal cast, securedand the parts 
thoroughly disinfected, an incision is made from the internal 
commissure of the eye, and running upwards and inwards so as 
to form with the median line an angle of 50 degrees. A second 
incision almost parallel to it is made, starting from the palpebral 
border on the other side of thetumor. A third is made parallel 
and close to the palpebral border, unites the lower extremity of 
the first two ones. And finally a fourth parallel to this passes 
immediately behind and close to the tumor, which is thus iso- 
lated. These manipulations allow the dissection of the growth, 
which is carefully made to save the tarsal cartilage. The flap of 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 403 


skin surrounded by the first, second, and fourth incisions is dis- 
sected and brought to the border of the eyelid, to which it is 
sewed. An aseptic dressing was put on and in Io days union 
by first intention was compiete. Case // is that of a fibrous 
tumor which he removed from another mule and which was 
situated in the right inguinal region. Its extraction was per- 
formed with difficulty. Case ///, similar to the preceding even 
in the location of the growth, but in a horse this time. ‘The 
tumor was also in the right inguinal region. The growth of 
the eyelid weighed 26 grammes, that of the groin of the mule 
205, that of the last case 320.—(// Nuovo Ercolani, March, 


1905.) 


BELGIAN REVIEW. 


By Prof. A. LIAUTARD, M. D., V. M. 


TUBERCULOSIS OF THE UPPER JAW IN A HEIFER—PSEUDO- 
PERICARDITIS [Prof Lienaux].—Tuberculosis of the maxillary 
bones have not been described, and on that account this case 
offers a special interest. The case was that of a two-year-old 
heifer, which is in very poor condition. Her previous history 
is unknown. Her pulse is quick, the mucous membranes are 
pale, the jugular veins are largely filled and raised in the jugu- 
lar groove, suggesting the suspicion of pericarditis with effusion. 
There is no veinous pulse, no swelling. The subglossal and 
guttural lymphatic glands are swollen and harder than usual. 
Temperature remains about 38.5°. The nose is wider ; the 
mouth being open the anterior part of the palate seems swollen, 
regularly convex; the incisive pad is also deformed and en- 
larged. The mucous membrane that covers the bone is ad- 
herent to it, has lost its smooth aspect; it is red, ulcerated su- 
perficially and shows here and there yellowish granulations. 
The respiration is accelerated and loud ; there is frequent cough 
and discharge from both nostrils of muco-purulent and rather 
abundant fluid. The visible portion of the floor of the nasal 
cavities shows that it is bulging also and has an ulceration on 
each side. Nothing abnormal is detected at the examination of 
the chest ; lungs and heart seem normal. After eluding the pos- 
sible diagnosis of actinomycosis and of actinobacillosis, the sus- 
pected diagnosis of tuberculosis is made certain by the examin- 
ation of the tissue and discharge from the ulceration of the 


404 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


mouth and by the use of tuberculin. At the post-mortem it 
was found that in the chest the anterior lobes of the heart and 
the parts corresponding to the heart are occupied with masses 
of tubercles. In sawing the head across the condition of the 
incisive bones is exposed. The substance of the bone contained 
a characteristic yellowish grey tissue-—(Aznales de Bruxelles, 
Jan., 1905). 

ZONA IN THE Doc [Prof. Hibrant|.—In human medicine 
this name is used to designate the circular eczema or herpes 
zoster. Its definition can be given : an herpetic eruption on the 
tract of a sensitive nerve, in connection with a neuralgia of the 
same. This affection is clinically characterized by three mani- 
festations : (1) fever and its symptoms, (2) pain, indicated by 
violent itching, (3) an eruption of vesico-pustules lasting some 
ten days and disappearing afterwards. Zona may appearon the 
course of all sensitive nerves, and, according to the diseased re- 
gion, various names have been given, such as sciatic zona, 
crural, lumbo-abdominal, etc. The etiology is little known. Its 
cause may be a neuritis or a neuralgia of rhumatoid nature. It 
may be infectious. It is an analogous affection that the author 
believes he has seen ina dog. It presented circular plates of 
eczema on the left flank, and extending under the belly. This 
region was the seat of a violent itching sensation, as the dog 
would bite the diseased region and bark furiously. Repeated 
applications of a zinc preparation did not give much relief. To 
calm the local irritation, which was always very great, oint- 
ment of belladonna was resorted to. Baths and anthelmintic 
treatment were prescribed, but allin vain. A short time after, 
the dog was noticed biting the right flank as he had done the 
left: there was no lesion yet, and the itching feeling could only 
be attributed to a primary nervous trouble. Two days later an 
eruption of vesico-pustules was observed on the right flank, 
covering patches exactly similar to those of the left side: the 
itching had preceded their apparition. It is then that the au- 
thor had the idea to assimilate the troubles to the lumbo-ab- 
dominal of man. ‘The treatment consisted in local applications 
of salicylate of methyl, in an alcoholic solution, with slightly 
irritating frictions on the vertebral column. From that time 
the disease improved ; the lesions of the left side healed first, 
that of the right followed; but it is hard to affirm that the 


treatment had a real curative effect.—(Azmnales de Bruxelles, 


January, 1905). 
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PARAPHYMOSIS IN THE HORSE. 


‘<" 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES, 405 


[ Prof. Hendricks|.—A stallion had a paraphymosis of long 
standing, resulting from a blow the brutal driver had inflicted 
on the penis while it was in erection. ‘Treated unsuccessfully 
in several ways, there remained a large tumor which prevented 
the penis from returning to its position; it remained hanging 
swollen and more or less ulcerated. The removal of the tumor 
was necessary, as amputation of the penis would ruin the value 
of the stallion. The following method was resorted to, so as to 
avoid the possibility of tearing of stitches, had the growth been 
simply dissected out and the skin sewed up. Using a curved 
needle, carrying an open notch at the eye, the Professor intro- 
duced it from backwards forwards through the base of the 
tumor. He then passed a strong thread through the eye of 
the needle and drew it through backwards, leaving the thread 
through the tract of the needle. Reintroducing the instrument 
a little distance off and again from backwards forwards, he took 
the end of the thread hanging, passed it through the notch of 
the instrument and drew it through the tract of the needle, and 
he thus continued until he had surrounded the base of the 
tumor with a series of loops, on its two sides, posterior and 
anterior. Then, through the loops of one side, the anterior one, 
he passed a flat rubber thread three millimetres thick; he cut 
each loop of the other side in the middle and one of the ends 
of the loop was tied up with the corresponding one of the pre- 
ceding or following ones. By pulling on these ends and tying 
them tight, the elastic band was stretched also and the base of 
the tumor divided and surrounded by a number of points of 
sutures and as many elastic ligatures as were necessary to ob- 
tain aresult. The following day the effects were manifested 
by the cold condition of the growth. In six days the slough 
was beginning. In nine, the tumor sloughed off, leaving a 
small wound that healed rapidly. The penis required some 
little time and massage before it resumed its normal size and its 
normal position.—(Axnales de Bruxelles, January, 1905.) 
Four CALVES FOR A COW—WONDERFUL CASE OF MULTI- 
PARITY IN THE BOVINE SPECIES [ Prof. A. Reul].—She is an or- 
dinary cow, bred and raised in rather a poor country ; she is small 
and has always been poor and thin. At her first gestation she 
had one calf. The following year she was covered by a bull of 
her breed and in due time delivered four calves, full of life, nor- 
mally built and comparatively large, taking into consideration 
their number and the fact that the mother had but little room 
to carry them. Seven days after birth the little fellows weighed 


406 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


17, 15, 16, and 18 kilogs. 500 grammes—a total of 66 kilogs., and 
half that the little mother had to carry, besides the weight of 
the foetal envelopes, etc. Five months later they had so well 
grown and developed that their weight had raised from 17 
kilogs. to 70 for the first, from 15 to 82 for the second, from 16 
to 86 for the third and from 18% kilogs. to 87 for the fourth. 
Having not enough milk to be fed with they ate all they could 
take hold of. Since that wonderful event the mother has not 
been in heat.—(Azmales de Bruxelles, January, 1905). 

PRESIDENT Dr. M. E. KNOWLES, of the A. V. M. A., wishes 
the REVIEW to ask the members who have or can obtain inter- 
esting pathological specimens to exhibit them, together with 
their brief histories, at the Cleveland meeting. 

THE President of the Board of Agriculture of Great Britain 
has appointed a committee to inquire into the general question 
of epizootic abortion and to consider remedial or preventive 
measures. Professor John McFadyean, Royal Veterinary College, 
London, is chairman and the Very Rev. Dr. John Gillespie is 
one of the other five members. 

So VERY SUCCESSFUL was the horse show held in Toronto 
toward the end of last month that the society holding it has de- 
termined to erect a mammoth structure and in future house its 
own exhibitions rather than have them in the Repository. It 
is also proposed to have the show next year last through the 
entire week. 

VETERINARY SURGEON DESMOND, who holds several im- 
portant positions in the Government service of South Australia, 
has lately spent a large part of his time at the Bacteriological 
Institute of Brisbane, Queensland, where he has been assisting 
in the work of the Institute in the investigation of dengue fever 
and bubonic plague. 

AN EASTERN PARTY intending to attend the Cleveland 
meeting of the A. V. M. A., expect to take the No. 3 Limited 
train on the Lackawanna Railroad at 10 o’clock on Monday 
morning, August 14, reaching Buffalo at 7.55 p.M. ‘Then they 
will board a steamer of the Cleveland and Buffalo Transit Com- 
pany, leaving Buffalo at 9 P. M., reaching the convention city 
at 6.30 Tuesday morning, having passed a restful night aboard 
the boat, and ready for the business of the first day’s session. 
The transportation charges by this route are as follows: New 
York to Buffalo, $8.50; Pullman car, $2 extra; steamer fare 
about $2.50. 


EXTRACTS FROM MEDICAL LITERATURE. 407 


EXTRACTS FROM MEDICAL LITERATURE. 


By E. M. Rancx, V. M. D., Natchez, Miss. 


TETANUS.—Stoney reports two cases of tetanus treated with 
antitetanic serum, which presented a marked contrast to each 
other. In both the incubation period was long, in the first case 
17 days and in the second case probably 18 days. In both the 
temperature was normal on the first appearance of the symp- 
toms, in the second case it remained normal throughout the 
course of the disease ; but in the first case after a preliminary 
fall it rose rapidly throvgh 10.2° F. in twenty hours. In both 
cases the treatment was the same—~z. ¢., injection of serum and 
the administration of large doses of bromide of sodium and 
chloral by the rectum. In the one case death occurred within 
sixty hours of the onset of the first symptoms, whereas the 
second patient recovered. In the first case the spasms were fre- 
quent and severe, while in the second only one was observed. 
The result was due to the degree of infection and was not ma- 
terially influenced by the treatment.—(London Lancet, April 24, 
1905.) 

ADAPTATION AND TUBERCULOSIS.— Adami discusses (1) the 
adaptation of the organism tothe tubercle bacillus and (2) the 
adaptation of the tubercle bacillus to the organism. What he 
says of the tubercle bacillus can be said of any other form of 
microorganism. ‘The theory is this: When a microdrganism 
invades the body and is not immediately destroyed, it produces 
certain toxines which produce local and general disturbances. 
The body reacts to the toxines and produces antitoxines and 
substances which are inimical to the further growth of the in- 
vading germs. ‘The offending microorganisms in turn produce 
defensive substances. Disease of microbic origin reduces itself, 
therefore, to a struggle between the invaded organism and the 
invader. Under certain conditions the end result is an increased 
resistance on the part of the organism toa specific infection 
and an increased virulence on the part of the invading germ 
for a like organism.—(American Medicine, April 27, 1905.) 

CONSUMPTION.—Hutchinson asserts that pulmonary tuber- 
culosis is a general disease with localized lesions in the lungs. 
It is therefore irrational to devote our attention too exclusively 
to the pulmonary lesions. The author is inclined to accept the 
conclusions of Robin and Binet as correct, and to believe that 
the predisposition to tuberculosis is dependent upon and exag- 


408 EXTRACTS FROM MEDICAL LITERATURE. 


gerated tendency on the part of an individual organism to fit 
oxygen and form carbonic acid, that is, to consume itself. Treat- 
ment must therefore be directed so as to overcome this tendency. 
Rest and overfeeding are the best measures at our command.— 
(Medical Record, April 29, 1905.) 

THE COMPARATIVE VIRULENCE OF HUMAN AND BOVINE 
TUBERCLE BACILLI.—The comparative behavior of human and 
bovine tubercle bacilli was lately made the subject of a number 
of experiments upon various large animals by three of the medi- 
cal officers of the Burean of Animal Industry, the late Dr. E. A. 
de Schweinitz, Dr. Marion Dorset, and Dr. E. C. Schroeder. A 
report of the experiments has recently been issued by the De- 
partment of Agriculture in the forin of a brochure of 100 pages, 
very handsomely illustrated, largely in colors. The authors re- 
gard some of Koch’s experimental requirements as unnecessary 
and unreasonable, and it is their opinion that the intertrans- 
missibility of human and bovine tuberculous disease is support- 
ed by so much indirect evidence of an overwhelming character 
that we are justified in looking upon it as practically established. 
—(N. Y. Phil. Med. Jour.) 


Dr. T. J. SULLIVAN, meat and milk inspector of the most 
populous county in Montana (Silver Bow), will present a paper 
at the Cleveland meeting of the A. V. M. A., on “ The History 
of Meat and Milk Inspection in Montana,” in which there will 
doubtless be interesting data. 

To Cure A BaLky Horse.—A crowd blocked a Chicago 
street, and the horse doctor joined in to see what was up. “ Ah, 
a balky horse,” he murmured. Then he worked his way 
through the crowd, saying in an authoritative voice, ‘‘ Let me 
pass, friends, I am a veterinary surgeon.”’ Reaching the horse, 
he said to the master of the animal: ‘“‘ Put up your whip. It 
will do no good. Iam a veterinarian. I'll cure your horse of 
the balks. Watch me.” He took hold of the horse’s front leg 
at the fetlock, bent it at the knee joint and held it in that posi- 
tion for three minutes. Then he put the leg down again and 
chirruped to the animal. It started off as though it had never 
balked in its life. ‘An old remedy for the balks, but an infal- 
lible one,” said the doctor. ‘It has never failed me. Any 
balky horse, if you hold one of its fore legs up for three min- 
utes, will be over its balkiness by the time the legis lowered to 
the ground again.” —(Lzve-stock World.) 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 409 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


IS THE USE OF MALLEIN AS A CURATIVE AGENT A CRIMINAL 
PROCEDURE ? 


The REVIEW of May contains a reprint from the Western 
Veterinarian which answers the above question in the affirma- 
tive. The anonymous writer starts out by expressing the hope 
that veterinarians will discontinue advocating the use of mal- 
lein and tuberculin as curative agents, because those engaged 
in sanitary science and police duty find it difficult to carry out 
their work in suppressing these diseases by destroying infected 
animals owned by people who have read about mallein treat- 
ment, etc., in agricultural papers. He concludes with this ar- 
gument: ‘‘ Even if it could be positively shown that these or 
other agents could cure cases of glanders or tuberculosis, the 
menace to human life maintained by the presence of such dis- 
eased animals makes the attempted treatment, other than for 
scientific purposes, a criminal procedure. We do not believe 
that mallein or tuberculin will cure cases of glanders or tuber- 
culosis, but even if such were the case, our opinion would not 
change one iota from that recorded above.” 

For the sake of those among us who are swayed back and 
forth by opinions like this, I shall try to show wherein this 
anonymous writer errs. He himself may not be converted, be- 
cause his “ de/zef” about mallein is strong and deep and such 
may no more be shaken in medicine than in religion. But 
medicine has long since discarded belief and, fortunately, knowl- 
edge has taken its place. We do not know much about the 
curative properties of mallein and tuberculin, but enough to 
permit to formulate some facts. One known fact is that tuber- 
culin has proven zo¢ to possess curative action, and accordingly 
it has long since been relegated to the more modest réle asa 
diagnostic agent in man and animals. The other known fact, 
as elicited by Nocard in 1897, is that ‘repeated injections of 
mallein produce cessation of reaction in infected horses, and 
that such horses remain apparently healthy and fit for work.” 
This discovery was against all expectation, because tuberculin 
and mallein, apparently so much alike from their mode of prep- 
aration, were until then supposed to act nearly alike, and it had 
previously been proven that repeated injections of tuberculin 
continue to produce reaction in infected cows. 

This discovery of Nocard has been subjected to trial by a 


410 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


number of investigators and practicing veterinarians, and in 
the main, has been confirmed. They have gone farther and 
have applied the repeated injections of mallein as a treatment 
of infected horses. ‘The result indicates that mallein treatment 
produces a tendency to recovery, which can be accelerated by 
periodical doses increased progressively. A number of recover- 
ies, apparently shown to be such by post-mortem examinations, 
have been recorded.* All investigators, however, agree on cer- 
tain conditions of safety in the practical application of the mal- 
lein treatment. In the main they are as follows: 

1. That the mallein used must be of good quality. 

2. That the veterinarian applying it must have discern- 
ment. 

3. That only z7fected horses should be subjected to the mal- 
lein treatment supported by judicious hygienic treatment. 

4. That horses so treated must be periodically inspected. 

5. That the value of the horses treated should warrant the 
expense of the treatment. 

A great deal could be said in explanation of these condi- 
tions. To be brief: Point 1 requires that the veterinarian 
should have studied bacteriology and worked in a laboratory pre- 
paring mallein, or at least he should have studiously witnessed 
its preparation. As to point 2 it is simply ‘the man behind 
the gun,” who will either hit or miss the happy medium in ap- 
plying safely and effectively the mallein treatment. He should 
have discernment, z. ¢., he should not be a mechanically manu- 
factured veterinarian, but one born to understand “ horse na- 
ture,” as the physician, in certain diseases, must know human 
nature. If mallein treatment were only an automatic veterinary 
treatment such as the prescribing and selling of a cough mixture 
or colic mixture, we need not require deeper study or higher in- 
telligence of the man applying it. But to place mallein in the 
hands of the half-educated veterinarian, who, parrot-like, has 
acquired a rudimentary and fragmentary knowledge of the or- 
dinary branches of veterinary science ; who does not understand 
the horse as an animal; who can neither follow nor formulate 
a scientific idea; but who merely possesses the commercial in- 
stinct to practice successfully in a financial sense; to such a 
veterinarian we should not intrust the mallein treatment. But 


* (See AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, May, 1904, Editorial: The curability of 
glanders with mallein, A. L., Paris; Aug., 1904, Editorial: Babés’ conclusions upon 
malleination, A. L., Paris; Berlin Thterarztliche Wochenschrift, Nos. 10 and 15, 1904; 
Vet. Journal, London, Jan., 1905. 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 411 


the well-educated, sober, earnest, studiously inclined and plod- 
ding veterinarian, even if he cannot earn three square meais a 
day in ordinary practice, can safely carry out this treatment, 
because he will find pleasure and satisfaction in it regardless of 
time and money. Unfortunately (in my opinion) such men are 
rare anywhere, and particularly in this country, where the com- 
mercial instinct predominates. 

As to points 3-5, it is high time that it be understood that 
horses with visible lesions of glanders or farcy, z. é., with typi- 
cal, discharging glanders ulcers in the nostrils, or with opened- 
up discharging farcy buds, should be promptly destroyed, be- 
cause they are spreaders of the disease, even if quarantined in 
the ordinary manner possible in ‘cities or on the farm. But the 
horse proven only zz/ected by a mallein test, whether the reac- 
tion is light, typical or severe, as long as he does not show any 
outward signs of the disease, may safely be subjected to the mal- 
lein treatment. Of course, discernment should rule here as to 
circumstances surrounding the patient, whether the value of the 
animal warrants the high expense of the repeated injections and 
periodical inspections, and whether proper hygienic treatment 
can be applied and relied upon or not. This latter is seldom 
procurable in the poor, run-down brute of the peddler, but it is 
nearly always possible in the valuable, well-kept horse, that may 
otherwise be sent to the bone yard for a trifling rise in tempera- 
ture. 

Discernment should also reign in the interpretation of the 
reaction to malleinas to kind and degree. Mallein does not 
nearly act as wzzformly on the horse as does tuberculin on the 
cow, and even in that stolid animal we observe peculiar vacilla- 
tions. Beware of the mechanical reading of the temperature- 
charts in the horse. The degree of morbid affection may have 
something to do with these vacillations, but the character and 
temperament of the horse certainly has. Heavy-weight horses 
react differently from light-weight, nervous horses different from 
lazy, well-bred, high-strung horses different from the cold- 
blooded, quiet animal with the thick skin that can hardly be 
pierced by the needle. Even personal acquaintance with the 
horse, or the gentle or brutal manner of handling the thermom- 
eter, all have more or less influence on the internal temperature 
of sensitive horses and are recorded as finely as in the most del- 
icate barometer. Inability to perceive these facts have led vet- 
erinarians the world over to error, and have helped to doubt 
the reliability of mallein. 


412 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


But while all this is so, and while cautious reserve should 
be observed in condemning horses merely on temperature- 
records, there is on the other hand no doubt that good mallein, 
intelligently applied, will tell the truth nearly as straight as 
tuberculin. For more than five years following the discovery 
of mallein, the leading veterinary journals of Europe and Amer- 
ica were teeming with reports of mallein records with post-mor- 
tem results, and the conclusion has been that it is generally re- 
liable as a diagnostic agent, that is: infected horses react and 
uninfected horses do not react. There were failures both ways, 
but they should now largely be ascribed to the “ veterinarian 
behind the syringe.” Failures in tuberculin tests have been 
counted as one-half per cent. as proven by an immense amount 
of statistics, and failures in mallein-tests as between one-half 
per cent. from much less statistics, because glanders is rare in 
comparison to tuberculosis. If these are the facts as brought 
out by years of labor of renowned investigators and intelligent 
veterinarians of all civilized countries, how can one of my es- 
teemed army colleagues assert in the pages of this journal of 
last month that ‘“‘slight cases of reaction are not proven to be 
glanders infection, since we often find animals which show 
some of the signs of the reaction, such as a rise in temperature 
and slight swelling at seat of injection, which never develop 
any further symptoms after the first reaction, but continue at 
work and keep in a good healthy condition.” Surely, this is 
an unconscious twisting of facts and logic. Granted that good 
mallein had been properly applied—which I do not doubt, as I 
know this veterinarian—it would have been more reasonable to 
conclude that these cases of ‘apparent reaction ” were cases of 
true reaction in 98-99 per cent. (statistics), and that the mal- 
lein injection had helped on a tendency to recovery, which 
showed itself by apparent health and fitness for continued work. 
(Nocard.) The possibility of a spontaneous recovery must be 
eliminated from this equation as a false quantity, because mal- 
lein had been applied. 

As regards new points in mallein treatment, I can add noth- 
ing to what I have reported in this journal in May, June, July 
and August, 1904, but I hope new facts will be brought out by 
some of our colleagues. I have had no renewed experiences, 
because we have completely eradicated the glander-infection at 
this Post by that method. Of the eight horses quarantined in 
1902, four have since been sold at auction for unsoundness of 
limb, while the four others still remain here in service. The 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 413 


horse that reacted most severely, a grey of B Troop, 3d Cav- 
alry, has been used in the annual practice marches of 1903 and 
1904, which entail hard manceuvering of troops, and he has not 
shown the least sign of illness. No one could detect to-day the 
slightest sign that this horse had once been infected with glan- 
ders. ‘That he was infected of this I am sure, even if I would 
not have had the proof of the mallein test, because I had been 
early trained to diagnosticate such cases by careful physical ex- 
amination long before mallein was known. I hope that nobody 
will think that I am trying to figure as an authority on the 
mallein treatment, and my object to-day simply is to refute some 
wrong opinions and set aright some matters that have been 
mixed up by the confusionists among us. 

It is very difficult for me to perceive at the present time of 
any scientific arguments or facts against the mallein treatment, 
still I do not advocate its general adoption and have expressly 
stated soin my article in 1904. ‘This was not written for the 
half-educated veterinarian, but for the able men which fortu- 
nately we have among us also. In the hands of these the mal- 
lein treatment can never be “a criminal procedure,” but will 
work as a blessing bestowed upon our profession and .the civil- 
ized world by our immortal French colleague. 

OLOF SCHWARZKOPF. 


“THE REVIEW comes as a welcome visitor tome. To the 
veterinarian who is beginning a practice and needs help and 
light, as such an one does, it comes as a message of hope and 
cheer.”—(B. R. Wilbur, Randolph, N. Y.) 

Dr. SEPTIMUS SISSON, Professor of Comparative Anatomy 
in the Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
has been granted a year’s leave of absence. He sailed June 
14th for Bremen and contemplates spending most of the time 
in study and observation of anatomy and anatomical methods 
in a number of the leading universities and veterinary 
schools. 

ON June roth, Waterville, Me., had for the first time a horse 
show, which proved to be a great success, and was organized by 
Dr. A. Joly. There were four classes—class 1, composed of 
double hitches; class 2, of single hitches, driven by ladies ; 
class 3, single hitches, driven by gentlemen, and class 4, com- 
posed of ponies. Two silver cups were given as sweepstakes. 
Dr. W. S. Lord, of Portland, Dr. I. L. Salley, of Skowhegan, 
and L, H. Soper, of Waterville, acted as judges. 


_ 414 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


VETERINARY SURGERY. By Louis A. Merillat, V.S., Professor of Veterinary Surgery 
inthe Chicago Veterinary College, etc. Volume J.—Animal Dentistry and Diseases 

of the Mouth. Illustrated. Chicago; Alexander Eger, Publisher, 1905. 

In a small volume of 250 pages one of the foremost veteri- 
nary surgeons in this country has in the intervals of active 
practice given to his colleagues the benefit of his close study 
and large experience in the treatment of the organs concerned 
in the mastication of the food as well as being the host of the 
driving bit in solipeds, and the many diseases occurring to 
them as a resuit of natural causes and accidental injuries. Prof. 
Merillat has not in the comparatively few pages devoted to this 
volume sought to cover the subject as fully as it is possible to 
do, but he has rationally excluded all obscure, rare, and imagi- 
nary conditions and included only those conditions encountered 
in the routine of practice, thus placing those who will most fre- 
quently consult his work under many obligations. Animal 
dentistry has proven to the author a very fascinating portion of 
his practice, and he has bestowed upon that branch of surgery a 
great deal of intelligent study and practice, a result of which is 
embraced in the following summary of his conception of the scope 
of the subject: (1) The cutting and floating of the enamel points 
of the horse and ox ; (2) the removal of projections which prevent 
perfect apposition of the dental arcades of the horse, ox and hog ; 
(3) the treatment of secondary nasal catarrh resulting from dis- 
eased teeth; (4) the extraction of all diseased teeth of all ani- 
mals; (5) the removal of tumors related to the teeth, in all an- 
imals; (6) the treatment of stomatitis caused by the bit or by 
dental projections; (7) the amelioration of driving defects re- 
sulting from dental irregularities in the horse; (8) the treat- 
ment of faulty eruptions of the permanent or temporary den- 
tures in the dog, the horse, the ox and the cat ; (9) improving 
the appearanee of the incisors of the horse. Merillat has al- 
ways been an advocate of the merits of this branch of surgery, 
and he well says: ‘‘ When dentistry in animals is more gener- 
ally recognized as an important if not essential feature of ani- 
mal therapeutics, and when dental operations by reason of 
greater skill are made easier, the veterinarian will then treat 
the art of dentistry with the same dignity as the other branches 
of surgery.” 

After a comprehensive introduction he takes up the subject 
in a systematic manner and treats it in a plain, terse style, easily 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 415 


followed, and well calculated to impress the reader in a practi- 
cal way, so that he feels his own competency to undertake any 
of the operations described where the technic is given. 

The illustrations are well executed and well chosen to assist 
in the comprehension of the subject, and Eger has given a finish 
to the mechanical part of the book which reflects credit upon 
the young publisher. 

Two more volumes are in preparation to complete his “‘ Vet- 
erinary Surgery’’: Vol. II, Diseases of the Digestive, Respira- 
tory, and Urino-Generative Organs; Vol. III, General Surgery 
and Operative Technique. Representing as Dr. Merillat does 
the modern school of surgeons, we anticipate great pleasure 
from a perusal of the promised volumes. In the meantime, no 
veterinary surgeon in this country should fail to secure the ex- 
cellent first volume upon “ Animal Dentistry.” 


A Rat KILLED A Horse.—Marysville, O., June 17.—As 
the result of swallowing a live rat while eating oats out of his 
trough, the noted trotting horse, Corintho, son of Orntorio, 2:13, 
died in Plain City. The windpipe of the horse was lacerated 
by the rat.—(Reprinted from the Daily Press without comment.) 


THE LATE DR. R. S. HUIDEKOPER’S WIDOW TO MARRY 
GEN. NELSON A. MILES.—Pihzladelphia, June 23.—Cupid has 
conquered General Nelson A. Miles, hero of 100 battles and half 
a dozen Indian wars, according to society gossip here. The Gen- 
eral will capitulate in the Fall) it is said, to Mrs. Rush Shippen 
Huidekoper, the little god’s representative. Mrs. Huidekoper 
has gone abroad, it is authoritatively stated, to purchase her 
trousseau. Aiding in this task is Mrs. Henry Huidekoper, her 
sister-in-law. Since last Summer General Miles has been quietly 
making frequent trips to this city, and his presence has been 
known only toa few intimate friends of Mrs. Huidekoper. They 
seldom were seen in public places together, owing to General 
Miles’s prominence and the fear of his being recognized by one of 
his many friends here. Mrs. Huidekoper, who is forty-two 
years old and very attractive, has been a widow for a little more 
than three years. Mrs. Huidekoper lives at No. 2301 De Lan- 
cey Street, and her house is closed during her trip abroad. 
Mrs. Henry Huidekoper lives at No. 1704 Pine Street. They 
will be gone until the latter part of August or September I. 
Upon their return, it is said, preparations will be begun fot the 
wedding.—(.Special Despatch to the New York Evening Journal.) 


416 CORRESPONDENCE. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


“THE TICK THEORY HANDLED BY AN ACARIOLOGIST.” 


BATON ROUGE, LA., June 13, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review : 

DEAR SIRS:—Readers of the REVIEW, on this side of the 
Western Ocean, are, I feel sure, very grateful to the Senior Edi- 
tor for his most interesting ‘‘ European Chronicles,” which ap- 
pear with monthly regularity in our valuable home journal, as 
they give us, in succinct and most readable form, the gist of 
what is going on, professionally, in the great veterinary field of 
Continental Europe. 

I must say, for one, that I was not a little surprised at the 
stand taken by that eminent authority, Pierre Megnin, against 
the tick theory of transmission of disease, as quoted by Dr. Liau- 
tard in his ‘‘ Chronicles,” which appeared in the June issue of 
the REVIEW. It seems almost sacrilege to question the opinion 
of such a scientist, and yet one is forced to the impression that 
he cannot possibly have made any very careful investigation 
into the life history and habits of, at least, one species of tick, 
the Bodphilus annulatus, otherwise he could not have made the 
statement accredited to him in the “Chronicles” referred 
to. 

True, Dr. Liautard “ leaves his friends of the Bureau to an- 
swer Mr. Megnin,” which doubtless they will, and it may savor 
of presumption on my part to make the attempt to do so, and 
yet I have no doubt the Doctor will pardon a few remarks from 
one living below the Federal Texas Fever Quarantine Line, and 
who has been the victim, more than once, of ‘‘ tick infestation,” 
to his considerable bodily discomfort. 

Under the caption which I have borrowed to head this arti- 
cle, Megnin is quoted as having said, that, ‘‘ These insects 
(ticks) are great blood-suckers, it is true, but having no wings, 
and being entirely unable to move from one animal to another, 
as flies, or even some fleas do, how can they transmit a disease, 
although their belly is full of its germs, when they cannot pass 
from one animal to another animal?” It is this question, em- 
bodied in the latter half of the above quotation, which makes 
me venture the expression, that Megnin cannot possibly be per- 
fectly familiar with the life cycle of our North American Texas 
fever tick, and that he must have based his statement on the 
habits of other species, which are by no means similar. Then, 


CORRESPONDENCE. 417 


again, he is evidently not aware that, in the case of “ piroplas- 
mosis,” or our Southern cattle fever, the infective organism 
(Piroplasma bigeminum) passes from the infected mother tick, 
through the ovum, to the seed-tick (larva), and is, through this 
latter form, conveyed to the susceptible bovine animal. 

Megnin is further quoted as saying, in his conclusions, that 
“The larvee which come out of the eggs require months to com- 
plete their organization, and when they become hungry they go 
on small mammalia with thin skins that they can pierce, and 
never on large animals as their mothers do.” 

Those who have made a study of the tick theory of trans- 
mission of Texas fever in the Southern States of North Amer- 
ica are quite familiar with the fact that the protozoan of this 
disease is not transmitted by adult ticks passing from one ani- 
mal to another, but by seed-ticks (larva), the progeny of the en- 
gorged female parasite after the latter has dropped from off its 
infected bovine host, the eggs deposited upon the ground have 
hatched, and the larve have attached themselves to a passing 
animal coming in contact with them. 

A few further remarks on the life history of the Bodphzlus 
annulatus here may be of interest, and may, to some extent, 
clear away some of the difficulties under which Megnin may 
have been laboring. I quote from the results of Professor H. 
A. Morgan, entomologist of the Louisiana Agricultural Experi- 
ment Station, and published as Bulletin No. 51 of that Station 
in 1898. I may incidentally mention that Professor Morgan has 
done as much individual work with ticks, in their economic re- 
lation to the Texas fever problem, as any investigator in this 
country, if not more. He says: “In the seed-tick condition, 
this parasite is gregarious, collecting or bunching in great num- 
bers upon grass, weeds, or, in fact, any elevated object near the 
‘ place of hatching. The passing animal (bovine) coming in con- 
tact with a bunch of these minute ticks becomes thoroughly in- 
fested, the young ticks soon becoming fixed by their mouth- 
parts to the skin of the host. In from twelve to fifteen days, 
the young hexapodous form molts, after which it possesses four 
pairs of legs instead of six. Another shedding of the skin takes 
place in from four to six days, after the first, up to which time 
no sexual characteristics are apparent, except that the extreme 
size of the adult female now seems to be foreshadowed. After 
the second molt, the large size, and the dorsal shield of the fe- 
male; the ventral bands and the pointed shoulders of the male, 
become characters easily distinguishable. At this period mating 


418 CORRESPONDENCE. 


takes place, and in a few days the ‘ round of life’ is complete; 
the females, filled with blood, drop to the ground, lay their eggs, 
and another generation begins. From the time the seed-ticks 
(the hexapodous forms) attach themselves to the animal, until 
maturity is reached, there is very little disposition on their part 
to change their point of location. None, in fact, except at the 
very beginning of their parasitic life, or perhaps, immediately 
after each molt, or, in the case of males, to some extent, during 
their adult existence. Practically, it means death to the cattle 
tick if removed from its host when once it has been well © 
located.” 

During the summer of 1898, while engaged with the con- 
duct of experiments looking to the immunization of susceptible 
cattle to Texas fever, a series of tests were made with several 
varieties of ticks with the view of ascertaining whether those, 
other than the Lodphilus annulatus were capable of transmit- 
ting the Prroplasma bigeminum. Experiments with the ‘lone 
star tick” (Amblyomma unipunctata) were begun on suscepti- 
ble cattle on July 2, 1898. Mature ticks were collected from 
three sources, viz :—from deer, from a dog, and from native cat- 
tle. Applications of seed-ticks, the progeny of those collected 
from deer, were made in great numbers on July 2d. The pro- 
duct of those collected from a dog were placed in large numbers 
upon a susceptible animal on July oth, and again on August 
17th of the same year; while seed-ticks, the young of those col- 
lected from native cattle, were applied to a susceptible animal 
on July 16th, July 25th, and again on August 9th. No signs 
of fever appeared during all of the experiments, the animals re- 
maining in perfect health until the test of their susceptibility 
was made by infesting them with cattle tick larvee (Bodphilus 
annulatus) on the 23d of September, after which they suffered 
from a vigorous attack of Texas fever. 

The conclusion that the lone star tick does not convey the 
fever organism was further borne out, when, during March, 
1899, this species was collected in the third stage (just after 
molting the second time) from native immune cattle, and per- 
mitted to develop on susceptible animals. 

On July rgth, 1898, mature females of the wood, or dog 
tick (Dermacentor americanus) were collected from a dog. 
Eggs were deposited, and on August 29th, thousands of seed- 
ticks were placed upon an animal susceptible to Texas fever. 
Another liberal application was made on September 5th. The 
animal remained in good condition, showing no signs of fever 


CORRESPONDENCE. 419 


until it had placed upon it a liberal number of the larve of 
Boobphilus annulatus. 

It is worthy of remark here, that all of the seed-ticks (lar- 
vee) used in these experiments were artificially hatched in the 
breeding cages of the entomiological laboratory from the mature 
female ticks collected, which goes to prove that, in the case of 
the ‘‘cattle tick,” the Prroplasma bigeminum, or Texas fever 
protozoan, must have passed from the infected mother tick, 
through the ovum, to the seed-tick. 

From the results of these investigations, then, it may be in- 
ferred (1) that the Bodphilus annulatus, at least, does not re- 
quire wings, or be able to move from one animal to another, in 
order to transmit the organism of Texas fever, but that it, in 
the hexapodous form, becomes attached to the bovine host ani- 
mal; remains, in the case of the female, until engorged with 
blood ; drops to the ground after having molted twice ; oviposits ; 
the larvee are then hatched ; attain (in clusters or bunches) some 
elevated position, such as stalks of grass or weeds, etc., and 
ultimately attach themselves to the first passing host that comes 
in contact with them, to again commence their life cycle; and 
(2) that the infective agent must be conveyed to the seed-tick, 
through the ovum, from the infected mother tick. 

I can only repeat, that this eminent acariologist must have 
had in mind the life history and habits of other varieties of 
ticks than the Bodphilus annulatus, the North American Texas 
fever-conveying parasite. And that if Mr. Megnin could have 
had the good fortune to carry on investigations in Louisiana, or 
other of the Southern tick-areas in this country, he would soon 
have become convinced that, not only is the Prroplasma bigem- 
zmunt of ‘Texas fever transmitted from immune to susceptible 
cattle, through the medium of our cattle-tick, but that the or- 
ganism is conveyed from the infected female tick, through the 
egg, to the larva, all of which has been abundantly proven by 
quite a number of careful research workers, on this side of the 
Atlantic, whose records are beyond question. 

W. HH. DALRYMPLE, M. R.C: V. S. 

Loutstana State University. 


NASO-CESOPHAGEAL INTUBATION—PERFECTED APPARATUS VS. 
; SUBSTITUTION. 
St. Louis, Mo., May 22, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review: 
DEAR Sirs :—It has been two years and four months since 


420 CORRESPONDENCE. 


I demonstrated the operation of syphoning the stomach of the 
horse before classes in two veterinary colleges. Though I had 
considered it a necessary and successful operation for more than 
eight years, as it had proven so in my private practice, it was 
even considered by many as a doubtful expediency in any case. 

The effect on the classes was varied, grading from the men 
who said, “ Phillips, get me one like yours at any price,” to 
the men who looked, measured and squeezed between their fin- 
gers to get the characteristics of my instrument that they might 
order one and get it cheaper than I could buy them; tothe men 
who thonght any old tube will do as well; to the men who be- 
lieved that nothing would do in a real case of stomach trouble— 
that it was an experimental operation. 

It was evident to me that the operation was now launched, 
and the above experience with professional men looking for 
something cheap with which to perform this operation actually 
startled me, that I would eventually be put in a bad light for 
ever presenting this operation as being so practical. ‘To save 
my reputation I at this time decided to standardize the opera- 
tion by introducing a tube that might be termed a standard 
tube, one that an experience of eight years had proven to me 
to be the most practical. 

It has been one year since I wrote a short article in your 
most valuable journal, stating facts of the possibilities of the 
operation, describing the procedure, and calling attention to 
the characteristics of a tube that would prove most practical. 
In the same issue I placed before the profession an advertise- 
ment calling attention to the Phillips “‘ Perfected” Tube. 

Since that time hundreds of veterinary surgeons over the 
United States and Canada are practicing the operation success- 
fully. Many letters attest the merits of the Phillips ‘“ Perfec- 
fede iube: 

The general success and adoption of this method of treatment 
in acute stomach disorders is due to, first, drawing the attention 
of the profession to the rationality of the treatment ; second, to 
the practical method of passing the tube ; third, to the thorough 
syphoning of the stomach after the tube is in position, by lique- 
fying the contents with a saline solution, thereby removing all 
irritative and fermentive matter ; fourth, to presenting a practi- 
cal tube whereby this work is possible. 

The buyer of every tube sent out was urged to report any 
failure in passing the tube, that I might aid him by personal 
suggestions to make it practical to him. Not 2 per cent. of the 


CORRESPONDENCE. 421 


hundreds who have received the tubes have reported failure to 
pass the tube, and not 5 per cent. have reported no benefit in 
their first attempts. All were urged to not become discouraged 
in their first attempts to pass the tube. Is it not quite phenom- 
enal for both the operation and instrument when we consider 
that the operation is learned from written instructions only, by 
surgeons of all grades and dispositions as diagnosticians and 
operators ? 

It was two years before I could have manufactured for me a 
glass-moulded tube of proper measurements and consistency, 
and I have upwards of two dozen samples and rejected tubes of 
fine finish and appearance that I could sell at a very low price. 
I would not recommend or sell them for stomach tubes, how- 
ever, though they are made for that purpose, according to the 
minute description that my present glass-moulded tubes, the 
Phillips ‘“‘ Acme,” are made. 

Since I introduced the operation and have shown it to be so 
practical, individuals and firms have rushed in to supply the 
trade, some adopting deceptive methods to obtain it. The en- 
closed circular will explain. They are advertising a Phzl’zps 
Nasal Tube. They know that the profession generally are not 
familiar enough with the spelling of /z/izps to know whether 
one or two Z’s are in it, or whether the phrase Phzizps Nasal 
Tube is not the same as Phzllips “ Perfected” Stomach Tube, 
which was introduced as an instrument to be passed through 
the nasal chamber. 

No doubt some will buy of such dealers. I admit their 
privilege to do so, but I wish to take this opportunity to caution 
the profession against any dealer who claims to sell or have for 
sale a Phillips Tube at a price that is less than that quoted in 
your journal, for they are not my goods. I shall inspect and 
have stamped every tube that is worthy my name. 

Yours respectfully, J. M. PHILLIPS. 


AS TO SPANISH VETERINARY LITERATURE. 


121 SOUTH CORONA STREET, COLORADO SPRINGS, June 16, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review : 

DEAR Sirs :—Do you know of any veterinary journal, etc., 
published in the Spanish language. If so, please answer in 
the columns of the REvIEw. Yours truly, 

Wm. SCHUMACHER. 

[Can any reader of the REVIEW give Dr. Schumacher the 
information he seeks ?—EDITOR. | 


COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES.—OBITUARY. 


COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES. 


to 
ras) 
PS) 


WASHINGTON STATE COLLEGE (VET. DEPT.) 

The commencement exercises of the School of Veterinary 
Science, Washington State College, Pullman, Washington, 
took place June 22, at 10 o’clock in the College Auditorium. 
There were four graduates: Dudley Niles Clark, William 
Henry Cumming, Arthur J. Damman, and Daniel Wallace 
Harrington. 


OBITUARY. 


ROBERT WARD) b. RaC. Vacs: 

The following minute records the loss of a brilliant member 
of the veterinary profession in Maryland: ‘Ata meeting of the 
Maryland State Veterinary Medical Society the death of our late 
fellow-member, Robert Ward, F. R. C. V. S., former State Vet- 
erinarian of Maryland, and the following minute ordered pub- 
lished: Divine Providence having separated from us our late 
member, Dr. Robert Ward, who by his intellectual attainments, 
had arrived at an honored position in the veterinary medical 
profession, and had by a most genial disposition endeared him- 
self to a wide circle of friends, we record with sorrow his death 
and realize that his course of life in this State, resulted in the 
betterment of his chosen profession and all those who had the 
pleasure of his friendship.” 


AMONG the graduates of the Medical Department of the 
University of Pennsylvania at the spring examinations was 
John J. Repp, V. M. D., the efficient Secretary of the American 
Veterinary Medical Association, who, we understand, does not 
anticipate abandoning veterinary medicine, but has acquired 
his second degree in order to prepare himself for work in the 
higher conception of his chosen profession. 

THE investigation into effects of the loco weed on cattle and 
horses by the Department of Agriculture and the Colorado State 
Experiment Station has thus far been without results. The 
post-mortem performed last week by Dr. Glover of the station 
and Dr. Lamb, State Veterinarian, and Dr. March, in charge of 
the Government experiment at Hugo, developed nothing pecu- 
liar.—(Breeder’s Gazette, June 28.) 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 423 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


THE REVIEW presents its compliments to Secretaries of 
Veterinary Medical Associations throughout the United States 
and Canada, and begs to again remind them that this journal 
earnestly desires to publish the transactions of every meeting 
held within that large territory. It points with pride to this 
department in Volume XXVIII, which include mos¢ of them ; 
but two or three have failed to avail themselves of our oft-re- 
peated invitation to give the profession at large the benefit of 
their deliberations. We want a closed volume of the REVIEW 
to constitute a complete record of everything of interest and 
value in a veterinary sense occurring in all the Americas during 
that period. 


AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, 
Dr. JOHN J. REPP., 5246 OSAGE AVENUE, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA., June 27, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review: 

DEAR Sirs :—Although it is necessary to report for the July 
REVIEW the progress of preparation for the Cleveland meeting 
at a time when the expectancy of the profession is high, it is, 
nevertheless, a time when all the details are in the most active 
stage of formation, hence it is impossible to give an adequate 
idea of what the meeting will really be. 

The Local Committee of Arrangements has its plans well 
advanced, and, while it is not yet in a position to announce the 
items in reference to the entertainment and the clinic, some- 
thing more than the ordinary can be vouchsafed. The possi- 
bilities for entertainment in Cleveland and vicinity are unlim- 
ited, and the committee may safely be trusted to select that 
which is best. As for the clinic, both the Committee on Pro- 
gramme and the Local Committee have pledged themselves to 
see that it shall be a model, far excelling any the Association 
has yet had, and making a feature which alone will repay the 
outlay for the trip. Eminent clinicians will conduct the dem- 
onstrations, and an amphitheatre will be provided, so that all 
'may profit by what is saidanddone. The clinic will be no idle 
affair. 

Chairman Shepard, of the Local Committee, writes that the 


424 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


Hollenden House, which will be our headquarters, is the largest 
and finest in the city, and that the Association will have the 
best meeting-place it has ever had. ‘The rates are $1.00 upward 
per day. There are plenty of other hotels, a list of which will 
be furnished later, where first-class accommodations can be had 
at suitable rates. 

Negotiations are in progress with the various passenger as- 
sociations for reduced rates, and, as we have always heretofore 
obtained a rate of one and one-third fare for the round trip, there 
is every reason to think that such a rate will again be granted. 

The literary part of the programme to date, is as follows : 

Prof. Robt. Ostertag, Berlin, Germany, ‘‘ Meat and Milk In- 
spection under Federal and State Control.” 

Prof. K. Tsuno, Tokio, Japan (subject not given). 

Dr. J. Desmond, Chief Inspector, Central Board of Health, 
Adelaide, So. Australia (subject not given). 

Dr. M. H. Reynolds, St. Anthony Park, Minn., “ Stable 
Ventilation.” 

Dr. R. P. Lyman and Dr. C. L. Colton, Hartiord,, Conny 
“ Callous Fibromas.” 

Dr. W. L. Williams, Ithaca, N, Y., ‘‘Spavin Group of Lame- 
nesses.” 

Dr. C. W. Fisher, San Mateo, Cal.,and Dr. D. H. Udall, 
Columbus, O. (subject not given). 

Dr. R. C. Moore, Kansas City, Mo., ‘‘ Neurectomies of the 
Pelvic Limb.” 

Dr. L. A. Merillat, Chicago, Ill., ‘‘ Accidents and Sequelz 
of Surgical Operations.” 

Dr. L. Frothingham, Boston, Mass., ‘‘ Negri Bodies and the 
Diagnosis of Rabies.” 

Dr. R. H. Harrison, St. Paul, Minn., ‘‘ Unusual Lesions of 
Tuberculosis found in Abattoir Inspection.” 

Dr. J. W. Adams, Philadelphia, Pa. (subject not given). 

Dr. L. A. Klein, and Dr. Haven Metcalf, Clemson College. 
S. C., “ A Contribution to the Study of Epizootic Abortion.” 

Dr. W. A. Stuhr, Ames, Iowa (subject not given). 

Dr. George B. Jones, Sidell, Ill., “‘ Hydrothorax.” 

Dr. A. Youngberg, Lake Park, Minn., “Swamp Fever of 
the Horse.” 

Dr. E. V. Wilcox, Washington, D. C., ‘‘Some Poisonous 
Plants in Utah.” 

Dr. Chas. Schulin, Billings, Mont., ‘‘ Pathology of Tubercu- 
losis.” 


AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. 


AUGUST, 1905. 


EDITORIAL. 


HUROPEAN CHRONICLES. 
PARIS, FRANCE, June I5, 1905. 

TUBERCULIN ACCOUTUMANCY.—Several months ago I made 
allusions to a work which had been carried on by Prof. Val- 
lée, and which he had presented to the scientific world. It 
related to the accoutumancy of cattle to tuberculin and to the 
means to overcome it by a modification in the technic of tuber- 
culination. Our friends remember that it was suggested to in- 
crease the dose of tuberculin, to double it, and to take the tem- 
perature every two hours from the time of the injection; as 
then, the hyperthermy occurs sooner than in the tuberculous 
animals tuberculined for the first time. 

For Prof. Vallée, the first injection of tuberculin would, so 
to speak, render the animals more sensitive, and, thanks to this 
impression, the hyperthermy following a second injection would 
be quicker and last a shorter time ; and, to detect it, it is neces- 
sary to take the temperature earlier than it is done ordinarily. 

The problem presented by Prof. Vallée has a great impor- 
tance, coming as it does to the assistance of the veterinarian 
who has to examine an animal where previous tuberculination 
may be suspected. 


* * 
Prof. Arloing, of the Lyon School, who is also an investiga- 
tor on all that relates to tuberculosis and to tuberculin, has con- 
trolled the experiments of Vallée, and, while he admits that the 


437 


438 EDITORIAL. 


thermic reaction is incontestably manifested earlier after the 
second tuberculination, he asked the question: Is the animal 
rendered more sensitive by a first dose of tuberculin? In the 
numerous cases where he has resorted to tuberculin in thie ex- 
periments that he has made, he often observed that the thermic 
reaction, sufficient for a diagnosis, was sometimes observed be- 
fore the time fixed for the record, and accepted by classical reg- 
ulations, and that after the first tuberculination. A similar 
observation has also been made by Prof. Malm, who has pub- 
lished curves of temperature after tuberculination where the 
maxima were observed very early, after the fifth and even the 
fourth hour. Consequently, the essential cause of the early 
reactions is not the previous injection of a first dose of tubercu- 
lin. Is it not more likely due to the large dose of tuberculin 
used in the second injection ? 

For Arloing the subject remains to be inquired into and two 
questions must be solved, viz. : (1) If, after an ordinary dose of 
tuberculin, the thermic reaction does not sometimes precede the 
times fixed in classical directions? and (2) if, by doubling the 
dose of tuberculin, the time of apparition of the thermic dose, 
in most of the tuberculous animals, is not made to appear 
sooner ? 

* S x 

After all and whatever may be the explanation of the obser- 
vations of Vallée and the objections of Arloing, the first has cer- 
tainly given a good way, on general principles, to upset the ef- 
fects of a first tuberculination. But with all that, the question 
of tuberculin may have to be studied again. 

Such has been the impressions of Dr. L. Stubbe and G. Nul- 
lie, who as inspectors to the veterinary department of the Secre- 
tary of Agriculture in Belgium, made experiments on the sub- 
ject which they record in the Anxwales de Bruxelles. For them 
the test was easy, some 1,400 or 1,500 milk cows monthly pass- . 
ing the frontiers, which no doubt have been tuberculined previous 
to being brought there. A large number of cows were submit- 
ted to the Vallée test with the object of solving the three follow- 


EDITORIAL. 439 


ing points: (1) Does the reaction in imported bovines, which 
react to tuberculin, begin sooner than indicated by the classical 
data? (2) Is this reaction sometimes temporary, of short du- 
ration and disappearing before the twelfth hour? (3) After 
reacting manifestly to tuberculin, will some animals tuberculined 
shortly after, give again a typical or at least suspicious reaction ? 

The answers to these questions are positive. The method 
of Vallée applied to animals which have been tuberculined gives 
always a reaction which appears early and is of short duration, 
existing sometimes before the 12th hour and having disappeared 
after the rath, 15th and 18th, or even earlier. In conclusion 
the other parts of the problems that were proposed to be solved, 
Dr. Stubbe and Nullie are of the opinion that there are yet some 
questions which remain unanswered, and, like Arloing, they 
suggest the propriety of a new study of the tuberculination 
of tuberculous bovines. It is fortunate, however, that the effi- 
cacity and the value of tuberculin as a means of diagnosis of 
tuberculosis remain as strong, yes, even stronger, than ever. 

* ¥ * 

THE STRAUSS METHOD OF DIAGNOSING GLANDERS.—A 
number of years ago, shortly after Strauss had made known the 
rapid means of diagnosis of glanders that bears his name, viz.: 
the effects of the inoculation of glanderous products in the per- 
itoneum of male guinea-pigs, and the development of specific 
orchitis, and being desirous to test the new discovery, I injected 
some of the discharge of one of my patients in the abdomen of 
a guinea-pig, and watched. The result was negative, and I was 
much disappointed, as I could not get from any one an explan- 
ation of my failures. Since, however, other works have been 
published that this manifestation of orchitis does not belong 
exclusively to glanderous products, and yet, notwithstanding 
them, this mode of diagnosis of glanders is considered of such 
value that a veterinarian might be justified in not making a 
diognosis of glanders if the sign of Strauss was absent. 

In the Revue Générale of May ist, Prof. L. Panisset, of Al- 
fort, writes an article which gives me the explanation I have 


440 EDITORIAL. 


been so desirous to get. He shows that a veterinarian might 
make an error in excluding the presence of glanders because of 
failure to test with the method of Strauss. 

Prof. L. Panisset had inoculated five guinea-pigs, in the per- 
itoneum. ‘'wo died with septic peritonitis, the three others sur- 
vived, but failed in having anything towards the testicular re- 
gion. Killed three weeks after, they presented no lesion what- 
ever, and it would have been justifiable to conclude the ab- 
sence of glanders; and, yet, the subject from which the inocu- 
lated matter had been taken reacted to mallein, and when killed 
revealed glanderous lesions. Was the sign of Strauss at fault? 

* = 

The explanation is given by Prof. Panisset as follows: ‘‘ As 
we had inoculated an impure product (the discharge from the 
nostrils), we have thought that the microbes present in it, with 
the glanderous bacilli, had protected the organism against the 
pathogenous action of these last, and that the immunity that 
we observed was an example of bacterian antagonism zz vzdo. 

“When the post-mortem was made of the guinea-pigs that 
died rapidly after the inoculation, we had planted some of their 
peritoneal liquid on potatoes. A pure cuiture almost exclusive-- 
ly of Staphylococcus albus took place. Its great abundance in 
the peritoneal exudate made me suppose that it might be the 
preventing agent. Our following experiments have confirmed 
our suspicions in an almost absolute manner.”’ 

* fi k 

Without entering into the series of interesting experiments 
related by Prof. Panisset, his conclusions read: ‘* From observa- 
tion and the experiments that we have made, the indication can 
be derived that guinea-pigs inoculated in the peritoneum with 
products from glanderous horses may, in some conditions, fail 
in presenting the orchitis or the ordinary manifestations of 
the process of glanders. These conditions may be realized 
naturally, and in view of these difficulties, a diagnosis cannot 
be advanced, based on this single element.” 


EDITORIAL. 44] 


Therefore, in cases of doubtful diagnosis at the same time as 
intraperitoneal inoculations shall be made, one must also resort 
to subeutaneous inoculations. In this way one will guard 
himself against secondary infections; and again the develop- 
ment of the glanderous abscess, and of the subsequent lesions, 
although more slow to appear than the orchitis, will be con- 
stant. 

Of course, besides these inoculations to guinea-pigs, it is al- 
ways advantageous to resort to the other means of diagnosis 
which are in general practice. Cultures of the products, in- 
oculation to dogs, all of those will serve to confirm and complete 
the results obtained by malleination. Injection of mallein made 
in proper conditions remains always not only the most practi- 
cal and most general method of diagnosis, but also the one that 
furnishes the most precise indications. 


*K * 

PROTESTS By STUDENTS.—Decidedly students of medical 
sciences in Europe, whether veterinary or medical, do some- 
thing else than merely attend lectures and conferences at the 
schools where they have matriculated. They have privileges, 
they know them, and use, sometimes abuse them. Indeed, they 
not only have the right to appreciate, discuss, approve or disap- 
prove the teachings of the professors, but, besides, they do not 
hesitate to make known their impressions and in some cases, in 
a more or less proper manner, their dislikes. 

It is but a short time since the students of the Veterinary 
School of Milan complained quite loudly of the conduct of a 
professor who failed in his duty by not delivering his lectures. 
The complaint found its way to the Secretary of Agriculture or 
of Public Instruction, I do not remember which, and the faulty 
professor had to submit or to resign. 

On this occasion, the reform was obtained quietly. 

It has been different in the troubles which occurred lately 
at the School of Medicine in Paris. For some reason or another, 
a professor was disliked—first, his lectures were not listened to; 
then when he entered the lecture room he was received with 


442 EDITORIAL. 


whistling, feet stamping, loud cries, etc.; then, these being with- 
out results, street manifestations at his house, public protesta- 
tions to the dean, etc., etc. Finally as the students were not 
willing to submit and as the authorities did not want to remove 
the disliked cause of the trouble, the School of Medicine was 


closed for a certain length of time. 


* 
* 


These, however, merely show that students have the right 
of protesting—with calmness and dignity, when their demands 
will have a better show of being granted, specially if they are 
just; or ina rather rough and undignified manner, when they 
ate resisted by higher powers, especially if the requests are un- 
just. 

In the Revue Générale 1 find a résumé of the second con- 
gress held by the German veterinary students of Austria, which 
shows how questions of schools and students are treated in that 
country, so as to prepare them for consideration at the hands of 
the authorities at the proper time. 

At this congress, none of the professors of the veterinary 
school were present, but their assistants, and those with dele- 
gates of the association of Austrian veterinarians and of other 
organizations took part in the discussion. 

Student Frauenberger made a report on reforms in veteri- 
nary education. ‘The actual system isan anachronism and non- 
sense. [he school depends upon the Secretary of War—every- 
thing is military. Students with the entire veterinary profes- 
sion demand that the school he made a department of the Sec- 
retary of Public Instruction. 

Student Sattleger treats of reform in the studies; and the 
following resolutions are adopted: (1) Postponement of the 
theoretical shoeing demonstrations; (2) organization of a 
course on dairies ; (3) creation of a chair on rural economy, cat- 
tle insurance and bovine pathology ; (4) improvement in clin- 
ical work and scientific excursions; (5) wording of the di- 
ploma in Latin only; (6) doctors and students of medicine 
shall not recetve privileges while attending veterinary schools 


EDITORIAL. 443 


unless similar privileges shall be granted to veterinarians at- 
tending schools of human medicine. 

Student Schuster asks that all graduates should receive the 
degree of ‘“ Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.” 

This congress of students closed after expressing the wish 
for a law regulating the practice of the veterinary profession ; 
of one forbidding the sale of veterinary drugs except by a pre- 
scription from a veterinarian; of one preventing agricultural 
schools from delivering certificates inducing their students to 
practice veterinary medicine. 


* 
* K 


I have written the preceding as a complementary appen- 
dix to previous remarks made by me in the REVIEW on the 
subject of veterinary education and reforms, and I will here 
add the very words that Prof. Leclainche uses after review- 
ing the work of this congress as embodying the sense I 
would convey if I were making a comparison with the ques- 
tion in America. 

‘Notwithstanding my resolution to leave to the reader the 
task of commenting upon these documentary chronicles, I may 
be allowed to point out—but without making comparison—the 
maturity of spirit of the German students, perfectly instructed 
with professional questions, discussing them quietly, with full 
conscience of their duties and of their rights. And this takes 
place in the oldest and most conservative of European monarch- 
ies.” 

* - * 

Corics.—The subject of colics is always interesting and is 
always fecund in giving material for information and discussion. 
This fact was well illustrated recently by the repeated discus- 
sions which were held at the Société Centrale, as I alluded to in 
my chronicle of September last, and, notwithstanding what took 
place at that time, paper after paper on the subject continue to 
be sent to the said society, and as the rédacteur of the Semazné 
Vétérinaire says: Since so many horses have bellyache now, it 
has been necessary to establish a special commission to which all 


444 EDITORIAL. 


the papers written of late on this eternal question will be re- 
ferred and from which a general report will be expected. This 
will be curious to read. In the meanwhile I find an extract from 
the Monatshrift fiir praktische Thierhetlkunde on the differential 
diagnosis of some forms of colics in the horse written by Dr. 
Mitzschke and where he reviews a number of colics and classi- 
fies them as follows: 

Colics from Obstruction—the most frequent, located general- 
ly in the large intestine or cecum and sometimes in the rectum. 
The history of the case or the nature of the food gives a first 
indication, which is confirmed by the changes in defecation and 
the nature of the feeces. At first the indications given by the 
pain, the pulse and the mucous membranes are vague. Abdom- 
inal exploration by the rectum is a sure method to obtain in- 
formation as to the nature and exact seat of the lesion. If the 
obstruction is in the small intestine, the diagnosis is more diff- 
cult. Attimes there are gastric symptoms. The obstructions 
are often made and by the immobilization of some parts of the 
intestines by torsion, volvulus or invagination. This may be 
difficult to locate, but the severity of the symptoms, profuse 
perspiration, rapidity of the pulse, failure in the treatment, may 
render it suspicious. Rectal examination may permit a sure 
diagnosis. Ectopias of the czecum, in the pelvis, turning of the 
large colon, will also be detected by it. Inguinal hernia is easily 
detected in stallions. 

Dyspneeic symptoms are observed in diaphragmatic her- 
nias. 

* if * 

Colics of Indigestion, due to overloaded stomach, give rise to 
various symptoms. ‘The history of the case is important with 
these for a diagnosis, which may be confirmed in a more or less 
complete manner by the peculiarity of the symptoms, the rest- 
lessness of the animal, the frequent decubitus, dog sitting down, 
the localized perspiration at the forearm, the efforts at evacua- 
tion or vomiting. 

Spasmodic Colics, rheumatismal or resulting from exposure, 


EDITORIAL. 445 


are characterized by the intermitternce of symptom, pain and 
peristaltism. 

Gaseous Colics, due to fermentation or cribbing, are easily 
diagnosed. 

Thrombo-embolic Coltcs have very poorly marked characters, 
which resemble somewhat those of culics from obstruction. 

The prognosis of colics is always very uncertain. If the 
pulse is not much altered, the conjunctiva remains rosy in color 
and the intestinal peristaltism continues, a favorable termina- 
tion is probable. 

A horse that drinks normally, as ordinarily, most often re- 
covers; on the contrary, the one who swallows with avidity or 
drinks by small sucks or which dips his whole nose in the water 
is generally very sick and in serious condition. 


* 
* * 


Favors RECEIVED.—Although there is lots of material 
which I would like to speak of to-day, I must close, for fear that 
I will trespass on the space allowed for these chronicles. I may, 
however, be allowed to occupy a little more space to acknowl- 
edge the receipt of the last communications that I owe to the 
kindness of the Bureau of Animal Industry, and which have al- 
ready been noticed in the May issue of the REVIEW by my co- 
editor in New York. 

I am also thankful to the gentleman who has sent me from 
Cornell University the catalogue of the New York State Vet- 
erinary College and several most interesting pamphlets contain- 
ing various works from Prof. Veranus A. Moore and some of 
his assistants. As one of them contained a card with the com- 
pliments of the Doctor, I suppose it is he who has done me this 
kindness ; it is he, therefore, that I must thank. I do so with 
great pleasure, for the pamphlets, which I will enjoy and profit 
by. The announcement of the State Veterinary College is neat, 
well gotten up, essentially professional and tells well of the op- 
portunities that are offered, which, however, are proportional to 
the enormous financial support that the State has granted to the 
institution. Au Ty 


446 EDITORIAL. 


ALL READY FOR CLEVELAND. 

Before another issue of the REVIEW reaches its readers the 
forty-second annual meeting of the American Veterinary Medi- 
cal Association will be a matter of history, and we expect to be 
the medium through which that history will be transmitted to 
the profession throughout the world, for in the September num- 
ber of the REVIEW we will give a faithful account of all that 
occurs at that busy centre of veterinary activity—at least, all 
that is of consuming interest to the profession, leaving the 
minor details of the programme to the official chroniclers. 

At the present writing every sign points to the largest gath- 
ering and most successful meeting from every viewpoint, ever 
held by the great national organization. 

The splendid programme printed elsewhere covers every 
branch of veterinary science; no matter in what field of com- 
parative medicine you may labor, you will find something upon 
the programme which will appeal to you through its relation- 
ship with your work. If engaged in private practice, there will 
be found material directly bearing upon the subjects which ab- 
sorb your daily thoughts, problems which perplex you and upon 
which you need consultation and an interchange of experience 
with those best capable of appreciating your difficulties. If you 
are engaged in the Government service, inspecting in the abat- 
toir or in the field, papers are announced dealing directly with 
your work by men following similar lines, while there are in- 
structing pathological exhibits illustrating many of the subjects 
treated of. If you are delving into the complications of bacteri- 
ological research or applying the practical principles of prevent- 
ive medicine on behalf of commonwealths or municipalities, 
you will find the latest advances in these rapidly developing 
branches brought under the enlightening influences of public 
discussion. If your energies are exerted in the teaching of com- 
parative medicine in veterinary or agricultural colleges, the 
present occasion will offer the best opportunity to institute 
needed reforms in the educational problem, which is pressing 
with such force for solution. And so, it matters not what lines 


EDITORIAL. 447 


you are working along, Cleveland is the place for you from the 
15th to the 18th of the present month. 

The practitioner is especially appealed to through this com- 
posite programme, for not only will instruction be afforded 
through the papers to be read and discussed, but the surgical 
and medical clinic bids fair to excel anything yet offered ata 
meeting of this Association, particularly with respect to technic 
and details ; and it does seem as though this section of the pro- 
gramme is finally to be made worthy of the occasion, silencing 
the criticism which has hitherto been so generously bestowed 
upon it, principally by those who have contributed the mini- 
mum towards its successful management, either by personal ex- 
ertion or pertinent suggestion. Any amount of descriptive 
writing will not compensate for failure to witness the surgical 
exercises or the other events of the clinic. Illustrating this re- 
mark, attention is called to the excellent report of the Secretary 
of the Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey, in this 
number of the REVIEW, where in reporting the clinic held in 
connection with the Washington Park meeting, he simply refers 
to the operations and remarks that their description is impos- 
sible. 

Thus the student must see that Cleveland offers him the 
greatest inducements in intellectual returns ; but much more at- 
tractive does it all seem when it is taken into consideration that 
all of this is accomplished with the halo of a glorious holiday 
surrounding it. Whether accompanied by the members of one’s 
family or journeying alone, the occasion will be a round of 
pleasurable, healthful, and restful recreation, among friends of 
other days, acquaintances newly formed of the kind that most 
interests one, and resulting in a renewed vigor and equipment 
for the work that lies before us through the years that are to 
come. 

Verily, we say, do not miss Cleveland ! 


Dr. ADOLPH EICHHORN, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 
Great Bend, Indiana, will sail for Europe on the 2d inst., to at- 
tend the International Veterinary Congress at Budapest. 


448 EDITORIAL. 


CHEERING WORDS FROM TEXAS. 


In the department of ‘Society Meetings” in this number 
of the REVIEW will be found a record of the third annual meet- 
ing of the Texas Veterinary Medical Association, and Secretary 
Lewis’ account of it indicates that the veterinarians of the Lone 
Star State are a progressive, enthusiastic and profession-loving 
body of men who are certain to place their State among the 
large number having laws recognizing and regulating the prac- 
tice of veterinary medicine. In the minutes furnished by the 
Secretary for publication we find the following reference to this 
publication : 


‘By a unanimous vote, strong 
praise was accorded the REVIEw for 
its able work along lines of mutual 
interest, for its maintainance of a 
high standard among professional 
publications, and its staunch and un- 
swerving championship of all that 
pertains to our professional welfare.” 


Such words from our colleagues are indeed gratifying, and 
go a long way toward lightening the burdens which necessarily 
fall upon the editors, who are busy practitioners, and give up 
many hours which should properly belong to recreation for the 
good which they are striving to do for their beloved profession. 


NEBRASKA SECURES RECOGNITION. 


In the April REVIEw the full text of the Veterinary Bill in- 
troduced in the Legislature by the Nebraska Veterinary Medi- 
cal Association was published and its successful issue fore- 
shadowed. We are pleased to announce that the bill became a 
law without any amendments, and the Governor has appointed 
a Veterinary Board consisting of Drs. H. L. Ramacciotti, J. S. 
Anderson, and A. T. Peters to carry out its provisions. 


EDITORIAL. 449 


The past winter has been marked by successful activity 
among the veterinarians of many States, and at the rate the 
laws are being placed upon the statute books it will be but a 
short time before there will be no place for the man without a 
license. 


THE SECRETARYSHIP of the State Veterinary Medical Asso- 
ciation, it would appear, is becoming a popular stepping-stone | 
to political preferment, and it is likely that candidates for this 
position will be very numerous at coming elections. Two of 
such officers have recently found favor with the citizens of their 
respective towns and have been elected to the high office of 
mayor. Veterinarian Stanley Smith, former Secretary of the 
Missouri State Association, is now the Chief Magistrate of Co- 
Jumbia, Mo., while Secretary W. H. Welch, of the Illinois Asso- 
ciation, occupies a similar post of honor in his home city of 
Lexington. 


DOES your practice embrace much surgery? If so, Cleve- 
land is the place for you from the 15th tothe 18th of this month. 
You can discuss it in the meeting and witness it in the clinic. 

THE Ohio State Association has worked hard to bring every 
veterinarian in the State to Cleveland on the 15th to 18th inst. 
The Secretary had the dates in red ink on every envelope sent 
out by him. 

THE MINNESOTA STATE LIVE STOCK SANITARY BOARD at 
its recent meeting added another field veterinarian on full time 
to its working force. This board work now gives very credit- 
able positions to six veterinarians, who must by law be gradu- 
ates of reputable colleges. The new field veterinarian is Dr. D. 
M. McDonald, formerly of Brainerd, Minn., and a member of 
the A. V. M. A. Minnesota veterinarians must surely be real- 
izing that Dr. Reynolds knew what he was doing when he 
worked hard to help establish this Board, and put the State live- 
stock sanitary work directly under veterinary control. We un- 
derstand that the last Minnesota State legislature appropriated an 
additional $30,000 for the work of this Board, and that the pros- 
pect is good for further additional appropriations from the next 
legislature. 


450 CHAS. H. HIGGINS. 


ORIGINAL ARTICLES. 
HUMAN AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. 


BY. ‘CHAS. H: ENIGGINS -Bu Ss, De Veee.. 
Pathologist, Dominion Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada. 


Read at the Meeting of the Medical Society of Ottawa, held at the Water Street General 
Hospital, February 12th, 1904. 


In selecting the title of my paper, I little realized how broad 
the subject which I had taken would prove to be, although I 
knew that the interdependence of the one profession on the 
other was greater than is generally supposed. Had I antici- 
pated that there would be sucha vast amount of material at hand 
I would have confined myself to a less comprehensive statement, 
that details might be given more prominence than is here pos- 
sible. However, in dealing with the subject, the desire will be 
to present in a different light some of the more common facts 
concerning the relationship existing between human and com- 
parative medicine. 

As a rule, medical practitioners are accustomed to look upon 
the practitioner of comparative medicine as lacking in many of 
the essential qualifications necessary to place him on an equal 
footing with his confréres in human medicine. In this, I will 
not attempt to deny what is a well-known fact, namely, that 
men presenting themselves for the study of comparative medi- 
cine have not been required to show qualifications equal to those 
necessary to enter the modern school of human medicine; nor, 
has it in many instances been sufficient to place them in a posi- 
tion to easily assimilate the knowledge imparted to them or to 
use to best advantage the educational facilities placed at their 
disposal during their college course. This statement while true, 
is, however, not without its exceptions, for there are men en- 
gaged in the practice of comparative medicine who, previous 
to their professional studies, had pursued college courses. Also, 
there are men who have from choice taken up its practice after 
pursuing courses and obtaining with honors both degrees. 


HUMAN AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. 451 


The men themselves, however, are not to blame for-this lack 
of educational qualifications, nor can we say that the institu- 
tions where this branch of the one great profession, that of 
medicine, is taught, are wholly responsible ; for in many in- 
stances the teaching staff has worked unceasingly with little or 
no remuneration for their services. 

On the other hand, the majority of institutions at present 
engaged in the teaching of human medicine are richly en- 
dowed, the teaching staff is as a rule well paid and applicants 
are required to undergo strict examination to determine their 
fitness before they are allowed to pursue their course. 

Comparative medicine, I am happy to say, is awakening 
from its lethargic state, and is also, in certain instances, receiv- 
ing the needed financial aid. At the present time almost all of 
the colleges have increased their curriculum from two to three 
years; and now we note a further advance in some cases from 
three to four years, with a corresponding increase in the qualifi- 
cations necessary for elegibility to pursue its study. This 
lengthening of the course is not without reason ; for, is it not 
much more difficult to learn, not only the anatomy but also the 
physiology, together with the therapeutic action of the various 
drugs, on, not a single specie, as is the case in human medicine, 
but upon a large number which are in no way related ? 

Take, for instance, the horse, with a single stomach, relative- 
ly small for the size of the animal, indicating that he must be fed 
little and often to supply the necessary material for the repair 
of broken-down tissue: compare him with the dog, an animal 
that can live comfortably on one mealaday. Also consider the 
ruminants, with their four stomachs, the first of which acts as a 
huge storehouse, the second preparing the food for remastication 
at the leisure of the animal, after which, in its return down the 
cesophagus it passes these two stomachs and enters the third, 
from thence to the fourth or true digestive organ. 

In the physiological action of drugs we have as wide a dis- 
similarity as has been noted in connection with the very brief 
mention of the digestive apparatus. For example, under the 


452 CHAS. H. HIGGINS. 


influence of opium the pupil of the eye of the horse dilates, 
while that of the dog contracts. Strychnine may be used in 
large amounts with horses or cattle, while dogs are very suscep- 
tible to its poisonous effects. One might indefinitely discuss va- 
Tiations similar to those already mentioned. 

In disorders affecting the lower animals, diagnosis is de- 
pendent on two factors, the history of the case, which in the 
majority of instances is given by incompetent persons, and: upon 
the physical examination of the subject. Since the historical 
speech of Balaam’s Ass, the lower animals have been deprived 
of the ability to communicate with man, consequently we are 
obliged to depend almost wholly upon the development of the 
reflexes to locate their disorders. 

Thus, we are very forcibly impressed that the individual 
adaptability and the educational qualifications necessary to 
prepare practitioners of comparative medicine for their life work, 
should be equal if not superior to those accorded the student of 
human medicine. In comparative medicine, as well as in 
human medicine, the personality of the individual plays an im- 
portant part in his successful career, it being as necessary in 
many instances to treat the peculiar whims of the owner of an 
animal, as it is equally necessary for the human practitioner to 
treat the patient and not the disorder. ; 

Surgery, in its present state of perfection, has only been 
made possible through animal experimentation and the develop- 
ment of that specialty, bacteriology. To as great an extent as 
any specialty, surgery has been investigated by practitioners of 
comparative medicine, and, indeed, some of the more common 
operations of to-day were originated and first performed by men 
who made their living ministering to the ills of the lower ani- 
mals. To be sure, many of these would to-day be termed 
“quacks,” but they were nevertheless very skilful considering 
their work from the knowledge of their time. 

To cite an instance, the following extract from Baas ('), being 


(1) ‘‘ Outlines of the History of Medicine and the Medical Profession.’’ Joh. Her- 
man Baas, M.D. 1889. Page 403. 


HUMAN AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. 453 


a portion of an article by Gould (*), in the Journal of the Amer- 
zcan Medical Association. 

“The first caesarean section on the living and parturient 
woman was practiced by the sow-gelder, Jacob Nufer, of Siegers- 
hausen in Thurgau, on his own wife, about the year 1500. 
After thirteen midwives and several lithotomists had endeav- 
ored in vain to relieve her, her husband, having invoked the 
assistance of God and obtained special permission of the gov- 
ernor of Fruenfeld, operated, ‘just as on a sow,’ with such good 
fortune that the mother survived to the age of 77, and was able 
subsequently to bear several children—and even twins—in the 
usual way. Undoubtedly, therefore, the operation was unnec- 
essary, and the same was true of many of the operations which 
soon followed; for caesarean section became the fashion for a 
short time. A sow-gelder is said to have removed the ovaries 
from his daughter in consequence of her lasciviousness, during 
the 16th century (Weyer tells the story), so that such fellows as 
_ operative gynzecologists are to be considered the predecessors of 
Hegar, and to be praised accordingly. 

“ Asa result of this enrichment of the technic of operative 
midwifery by a simple sow-gelder, the caesarean section seems in 
the course of the 16th century to have been practiced repeat- 
edly, e. g., in Italy in 1540 by Christof. Bain; 1531, in Neusse ; 
1549 by Paul Dirlewany, on Marie Volscer, in Vienna, etc. 
Now it was performed in a somewhat more becoming fashion, 
and chiefly by barbers, though some will admit as the first ce- 
sarean section only the one performed by the surgeon Trautman 
in Wittenburg in 1610.” 

In more recent years we have the operation ‘“‘ tenotomy ” 
first performed on the horse by a veterinary surgeon, Mr. Dick, 
father of the late Professor Dick, of the Edinburgh Veterinary 
College. Since that time the operation has been repeatedly per- 
formed in the relief of certain forms of lameness, particularly in 
horses. So successful has this operation proven in the hands of 


(2) ‘‘ Medical Discoveries by the Non-Medical.’’ Geo. M. Gould, M. D., Journal 
of the Amer. Meu. Asso., May 30, 1903. Page 1477. 


454 CHAS. H. HIGGINS. 


veterinarians that surgeons have taken it up in the repair of 
certain deformities of the human being, and it is frequently 
practiced in the majority of hospitals. 

A further consideration of the relationship of the two pro- 
fessions may be considered by a brief mention of public health 
matters. It is the duty of the practitioner of human medicine 
to take precautions with a view to preventing the communica- 
bility of the infectious diseases common to man. It is as well 
the duty of the practitioner of comparative medicine to guard 
against the spread of contagious diseases among the loweraniinals, 
more particularly those which would, if allowed to take their 
course unchecked, jeopardize the live-stock interests of the coun- 
try; also those which are communicable to the human being, 
and as well such diseases as would render the food products 
from animals unwholesome for human consumption. Both pro- 
fessions are concerned in the wholesomeness of our food pro- 
ducts, and, as they are each educated on distinct special lines, 
their combined knowledge is invaluable to any country. 

It is even necessary, in this age of specialization, to go 
further than a mere division of the work among the two profes- 
sions, for the general practitioner of either branch, is neither 
able nor capable of making a complete study of the various 
questions which enter this great problem. 

In the matter of milk supply, which no doubt is of more 
concern to you as individual practitioners, experimenters have 
shown the conditions it is necessary to maintain to make it pure 
and wholesome. Veterinarians, cranks on ventilation and gen- 
eral sanitation, indicate the conditions best suited to maintain 
the health of the animals. Chemical analyses of the various 
foods aud also of the water given to the animals, as well as analy- 
ses of the material excreted by the system have given the pro- 
portion which furnishes nourishment to the body of the animal 
as well as that entering the milk. Breeding claims its share of 
attention and has been studied by practitioners of both professions 
with the result that it has been shown that the fat globules of cer- 
tain breeds possess certain mechanical characteristics of value in 


HUMAN AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. 455 


the artificial feeding of infants and invalids. The bacteriologist de- 
termines whether the water supplied the animals is free from 
injurious germs. ‘The bacteriological examination of the milk 
itself has shown us that it is possible to have it so drawn that it 
will keep almost indefinitely under certain conditions without 
the addition of preservatives. It has also shown that milk con- 
taining a large number of bacteria is more to be feared, and is 
also a more potent cause of intestinal disorders in infants than 
has generally been supposed. Physiological chemistry has 
taught us that the heating of the milk above a certain point 
renders its assimilation more difficult, and also that milk highly 
impregnated with bacteria, even after pasteurization, contains, not 
the living bacteria but the ptomaines manufactured by them, 
which are in many instances more dangerous than the bacteria 
themselves. 

‘Comparative physiological chemistry has shown us that the 
maternal milk of the lower animals is suited to the peculiar con- 
ditions under which the young are reared, and to the anatom- 
ical and physiological capabilities of the particular organism 
studied. What is true of the lower animals is also true in the 
case of man andin modifying milk for use in infant feeding the 
peculiar anatomical and physiological requirements should be 
uppermost in the mind of the physician. 

In this matter of milk supply, the veterinarian has been to 
the fore and the modern dairy should be under his supervision 
that the advanced knowledge of scientific experts and medical 
practitioners may be made use of in producing a more whole- 
some food for the infants and invalids who are wholly depend- 
ent on others for this one article of diet. 

‘The subject of ‘‘ milk supply” is a very broad one, modern 
science having shown us the fallacy of the older ideas as to the 
reguiations which should be enforced in its control. 

The further discussion of foods will have to be passed over 
on account of the time that would be consumed by going into 
details in a matter of such importance, pointing out the respon- 
sibilities of each profession in their supervision and control. 


456 CHAS. H. HIGGINS. 


In pathology and bacteriology we see the greatest evidence of 
the relationship of the two professions. Comparative pathology 
has within the past few years taken immense strides and it has 
indicated many facts, with the result that the treatment of com- 
mon affections met with by the practitioner of human medicine 
has been completely revolutionized by the production of anti- 
toxic serums which are almost specific against the disease for 
which they are prepared. 

In the discovery of the cause of diseases exhibiting a mala- 
rial character we find that the parasite of “malaria ” in the human 
and “surra”’ in horses were described by Laveran and Griffeth 
Evans, respectively, in 1880, but it remained for Theobald 
Smith, one of the greatest living comparative pathologists, to 
demonstrate that ‘‘ Texas fever,’ a cattle disease of malarial 
character, was transmitted by an external parasite, the cattle 
tick (Bodphilus bovis). Not only wasit shown by him that the 
disease could be carried from one animal to another by an 
infected tick, but, that the active virus could be trans- 
mitted through the egg to the young nymph, which was it- 
self capable of infecting susceptible cattle. Of such practical 
importance was this discovery that there now exists in the 
United States an imaginary line north of which Southern, or 
“tick infested” cattle, are forbidden, during certain portions of 
the year. This work stimulated other investigators and it has 
been proven that not only animal diseases exhibiting a malarial 
character are capable of being transmitted from animal to ani- 
mal by an intermediary bearer, but also that certain diseases of 
the human race can be propagated in a similar way. Among 
the diseases affecting the human being carried in this manner 
are bubonic plague, yellow fever, dengue fever, the spotted 
fever of the Bitter Root Valley of Montana, and many 
others. 

Other special lines could be taken up and it would be found 
that no great scientific advance had been made without recourse 
to the lower animals, and that practitioners of both professions 
are taking advantage of facts gained during such experimenta- 


HUMAN AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE. 45? 


tion which have been but side issues in a long series of carefully 
conducted investigations. 

In summing up, it is found that no matter to which profes- 
sion we have allied ourselves, we are engaged in that praise- 
worthy occupation of saving life, and should therefore work 
hand in hand, each taking advantage of discoveries made by 
the other that our efforts may produce more beneficial and fruit- 
ful results in the usefulness and prolongation of life, whether it 
be of the human race or of the more unfortunate animals which 
they control. 


“WHAT is the foot-and-mouth disease?” It is an ailment 
much prevalent among a certain class of public men, who have 
a bad mouth and every time they open it they put their foot in 
it. Next time you can ask a harder one.”—(Loston Transcript.) 

A TELEGRAM from Lethbridge, in the Canadian Northwest, 
states that at that point 200 horses are being held in quarantine 
on account of some of them being afflicted with maladie du coit. 
The Canadian claim is that the disease was imported into Can- 
ada by a stallion brought from Montana. 

THE MAINE STATE BOARD OF VETERINARY EXAMINERS 
met July roth and registered 29 veterinarians, and will meet 
again August 31st at the State House, at Io A. M., and will 
register those who are entitled to be and who appear person- 
ally before the Board. After September 1st it will be unlawful 
to practice medicine without being registered. 

MILES OF RIDING TO GET EDUCATED.—Frederick Morse, 
son of Park Morse, a farmer, was recently graduated from the 
College of Emporia, Kan. During the four years he was in 
college he rode horseback more than eight miles every day, go- 
ing to college and home again, and was not absent a day, says 
an Emporia dispatch. Morse is twenty years of age. He esti- 
mates that he rode 10,000 miles. 

AN attempt was made in the last hours of the Illinois Legis- 
lature to pass a bill repealing the law regulating the practice of 
veterinary medicine. The profession, ably assisted by influen- 
tial stockmen, put the atrocious measure to sleep in committee. 
Veterinarians of the various States which have recently secured 
recognition will find that it is necessary to watch their interests 
while the legislature is in session. 


455 ERNEST I. SMITH. 


THE MEDICAL MAN AND WHO HE IS. 


A PLEA AS TO WHETHER THE MAN THAT PRACTICES VETER- 
INARY MEDICINE IS A MEDICAL MAN AND PHYSICIAN, 
OR DOES THE TERM BELONG EXCLUSIVELY 
TO THE MAN THAT PRACTICES 
HUMAN MEDICINE. 
By ERNEST I. SmitH, D. V. M., CORNELL UNIVERSITY, CHERRY 
CREEK, N. Y. 


At this time of the year when so many young men have just 
completed their veterinary medical education, received their di- 
plomas, earned their license to practice and finally entered into 
their chosen field of labor, there is no more fitting season to dis- 
cuss who the medical man is. Never before was there a more 
opportune time for the study of veterinary science than there is 
to-day. Scientific inquiry is increasing to such a magnitude 
that in consequence the fields of research must correspondingly 
grow in number, therefore we have the great field of veterinary 
medicine and surgery opened up for those who desire to pursue 
a scientific course. 

Within the last decade of years the empiric has lost what 
was once for him an excellent reputation as a veterinary medi- 
cal adviser ; but now his services and advice are seldom solicited 
except in certain and remote localities where his prestige has 
been handed down to him from his forefathers and in which vi- 
cinity the college trained student has never attempted to gain a 
foothold. The charlatan’s pharmacopceia is limited to a dozen or 
so domestic remedies and a few patent medicines; the constitu- 
ents of the latter he has no idea of nor does he have any knowl- 
edge of their therapeutic action. He enjoys no literary educa- 
tion that would give him a decent command of language, his 
morals, attitude and appearance before the public are not at all 
becoming to a gentleman. The personality that he maintains 
is often very convincing to those of his own class, but to the 
more refined it is extremely disgusting and offensive. Yet this 


THE MEDICAL MAN AND WHO HE IS. 459 


very man is duly licensed to practice veterinary medicine and 
surgery in this State of New York and many other States of the 
Union. He and his colleagues are generally spoken of by the 
people throughout the country as “‘ horse doctors.” Should they 
desire to refine their expression at all they might pleasantly call 
them “ veterinaries,” but they are not veterinarians and it is not 
proper for the veterinary medical profession to either term them 
as ‘horse doctors”’ or as veterinarians, but civilly speak of them 
as they are, ignoring their claim to any knowledge of medicine. 
We must live down the reputation that the empiric has estab- 
lished, not that we ourselves have committed the error, but to 
show the commouwealth that the error was injudicially made by 
a fraudulent class of people, and that the profession they tried to 
represent is far different in morals, education and personage than 
they. 

The standard of both American and European universities 
have attained such a high degree of excellence and uniformity 
that no-one profession can look over the other ; if that were so it 
would be a very serious charge against the university in ques- 
tion. ‘The directors of our universities are not so short-sighted 
as to allow any such state of affairs to exist, they arrange each | 
course upon an equal basis, show partiality to none, and so es- 
tablish each curriculum that they will stand the test and beara 
search. It is true that there are advanced degrees in many of 
the courses, but that does not underestimate the student who has 
simply secured the one degree. Fortunately there are no ad- 
vanced degrees in medicine, either human or comparative. 

Upon two scientific subjects that have come to full view 
only within the last decade of years depends the practice of med- 
icine. Before the full completion of these, the physician was 
groping in the dark. Many of these brilliant discoveries have 
been made by men who have devoted their entire lives to 
the study or practice of comparative medicine. Of none the 
less importance are these researches if they are made in the 
actual fields of practice, yet they are fewer in number and slower 
to reach the profession in general. In our college laboratories 


460 ERNEST I. SMITH. 


of research is where the sciences of bacteriology and pathology 
are nearing their full completion. It is there that they have 
every convenience and apparatus and, moreover, the full oppor- 
tunity for beginning and completing the work. It is safe to 
say that the largest scope of these researchers are ardent stu- 
dents of comparative medicine and, consequently, held a degree 
from a veterinary medical college. If it be, on the other hand, 
that they hold only the degree of M. D. they are none the less 
handicapped or no better fitted for their work. The secret of 
the successful part of it is to possess a broad scientific education, 
a liberal view of the laws of nature and an intense desire and 
love for the work ; so it is in actual practice, the spirit must be 
to perform the services wholly to the advantage of the patient 
with less regard for the one paltry dollar. If the services are 
conscientiously and judiciously performed by one who is prop- 
erly educated and duly licensed for the profession the financial 
part will reward the physician twofold and his reputation will 
stand upon a solid foundation of sound principle. 

The up-to-date veterinarian of to-day has his shelves lined 
with a complete supply of drugs, and is constantly watching 
the profession and the medical chemist for new therapeutic 
agents. No practitioner of comparative medicine stands well 
equipped unless his supply of hypodermic tablets and intrave- 
nous compounds are requisite in number and kind to combat 
against the most acute and critical diseases. To do this one 
thing does it not require that a man shall be an exceilent stu- 
dent of pharmacology, materia medica and of the practice of 
medicine? Our universities are supporting colleges that will 
put a man to the front in both branches of medicine. It is true 
that there are inferior schools presuming to grant a medical 
degree within the limited time of eighteen months or even 
less, and worse than that there are correspondence schools sow- 
ing their diplomas broadcast throughout the country. The 
American Veterinary Medical Association has no business to 
recognize a veternary medical college that does not lay out a 
course to cover three years of nine months each. Institutions 


THE MEDICAL MAN AND WHO HE JIS. 461 


that cannot maintain this order of excellence, should, out of re- 
spect for American progression, step down and out. May the 
time speedily come that a course of four years of nine months 
each be required before the student can secure the degree of 
Doctor of Veterinary Medicine. 

Our educators of veterinary science have done their part and 
are still laboring incessantly and it remains now with the grad- 
uates of veterinary colleges to show the people with whom they 
have to deal that they are not horsemen, stockmen nor agricul- 
turists, but are strictly medical men, physicians for the intelli- 
gent practice of veterinary medicine. Although we have a 
close connection with the stockman and the like, yet at the 
same time be a medical man and let our profession stand apart 
-and independent from sucli vocations; such an action will win 
the highest respect and esteem of the people. A strict adher- 
ence to the scientific side will bring us in closer touch with the 
entire medical circle. ‘Those who practice human medicine 
will invite our names upon their society rolls. Our advice will 
be sought after concerning contagious diseases that affect the 
animal kingdom and are transmissible to mankind. The two 
professions should travel together and in perfect harmony with 
one another; this, however, can never be accomplished unless 
the veterinarian mingles in the best society and maintains a 
dignity, reserve and respect before men becoming to a profes- 
sional man. ‘The same will bring him before the people and 
the press as a medical man. 

What is a veterinarian? Gould defines the term as belong- 
ing to one who practices veterinary medicine. Well, what do 
we mean by the adjective veterinary? Gould defines that as 
pertaining to domestic animals. The prefix forming the word 
veterinary is of Latin origin, meaning beasts of burden. 
What is a physician? Gould defines that term as belonging to 
the one who practices medicine. He does not limit the specie 
of patients that the man practices upon, but infers directly that 
if one practices medicine at all, he is undeniably a physician, 
and if he is a physician is he not a medical man beyond any 


462 ERNEST I. SMITH. 


~ 


doubt? Gould is referred to in this article because he is sup- 
posed to be the standard authority in medical terms. 

So many writers in the pages of the REVIEW speak of the 
medical man and physician as the term belonging exclusively 
tothe M.D. What are they thinking of, to ignore their own 
claim to a medical education? What we all want is a higher 
standard in civil life and in professional life. In other words, 
be men among men. If we are not physicians, then we had 
better create. a stirring revolution in the study of veterinary 
medicine. | 

For the beginner who is just starting out in practice there 
is one thing that will greatly tempt the integrity of his profes- 
sion, and that is for a good responsible client to offer a generous 
fee if he will only cure a certain ailment and, on the other hand, 
‘““no cure, no pay.” Any such offer as that accepted by the 
physician is a disgrace to him and the profession, and is not 
only well nigh empirical, but is emphatically empirical within 
itself. Moreover, to accept such an offer throws one off the 
honest list of physicians and places him among the men of 
doubt and of those who support institutions of lottery. Nature’s 
course is so intricate that we cannot guarantee with safety the 
simple insertion of the hypodermic needle. 

Some time ago the writer overheard a patron ask one of the 
foremost educators of veterinary science if he was sure he could 
cure a simple case of indigestion and the professor candidly re- 
marked that he did not know, but he would try. Could a man 
of integrity and honesty give a more brilliant answer? To the 
students who were under the doctor’s jurisdiction, that reply 
should be their watchword throughout each of their careers. No 
practitioner of human medicine of any worth at all will ever be 
so absurd as to attempt to guarantee his services to be a success. 

It requires no small amount of anatomical knowledge to be 
able to undertake one of the major surgical operations and do it 
intelligently. Along with the operation undertaken, the oper- 
ator must be skilled and practiced in the administering of an- 
cesthesia, then at the conclusion of the operation comes again 


THE MEDICAL MAN AND WHO HE IS. 463 


those two important subjects, bacteriology and pathology. The 
attendant is expected to be able to foresee and take a perspective 
view of the field in order to be qualified to prophesy what the 
result may be, to know the nature of the bacteriological part 
and the organs affected, and last but not least, to know the ex- 
tent the pathological lesions must reach before the critical pe- 
riod is approached. Who is going to know all of this, the 
“quack”? The answer to this interrogation will come at once 
and remain sure. No, the operator must be a physician and 
surgeon, and it is of little importance scientifically whether the 
subject operated upon was one of the human family or a domes- 
ticated animal, but if it was upon the latter, the only modifica- 
tion we can rightfully give to the terms physician and surgeon, 
is to modify them with the word veterinary, but that does not 
in any way destroy the full meaning of the word or words 
modified. 

The State of New York, one of the leading educational 
States of the Union, specifies on the license diplomas for veteri- 
narians ‘‘ Veterinary Medicine and Surgery,” and upon the 
same registration certificate for county purposes they particu- 
larly mention ‘“‘ Veterinary Physician and Surgeon.” If vet- 
efinarians are not physicians, why does not the State of New 
York cancel the word physician from their official papers? 

None the less important is the splendid tribute from the 
Breeder's Gazette, recorded in the REVIEW, March No., Vol. 
XXVIII, p. 1225. A paragraph of it reads as follows: “ There 
was a time when the so-called veterinarian was so very gener- 
ally a quack that the public had little faith in him, but veteri- 
nary science and education have progressed so far now that this 
prejudice, reasonable or unreasonable as it may have been once, 
has been for the most part removed. Indeed, the veterinarian 
properly educated nowadays stands on a complete professional 
equality with the M. D., providing he is alive to the demands 
of the hour and deports himself accordingly.” 

It is a fact beyond any argument that the man of to-day 
who holds a degree from a recognized veterinary medical col- 


464 ERNEST I. SMITH. 


lege has established the very foundation of medicine, and upon 
the foundation any additional medical education afterward re- 
ceived must stand. The veterinarian’s field of bacteriology and 
pathology is increased as his specie of patients are numbered, 
and above this comes another added responsibility in the way 
of susceptibility to infection of one patient over another. 

The practitioner of medicine has two classes of symptoms to 
deal with, z. 2., subjective and objective. The human physician 
has the advantage that he can use both classes whereby he can 
safely arrive at a diagnosis, but the veterinary physician is con- 
fined exclusively to the objective symptoms and a little history, 
which of course is objective. One that has so educated his facul- 
ties that he may recognize every objective symptom and intelli- 
gently translate its meaning, is a physician to be feared by a few 
and lauded by many. 

A brief summary and my task is done. We are public ser- 
vants subject to variable criticism and many of our patrons look 
for us to be almost if not wholly infallible in our treatment, 
that we certainly fall far short of, but let us come nearer perfec- 
tion in our dealings with men. Be honest and observe the 
Golden Rule in an effort to pronounce the prognosis of a doubt- 
ful case, educate the people that you are not a “horse doctor,” 
but a physician strictly for the practice of veterinary medicine. 
The veterinarian will gain prestige, friends and patronage if he 
will maintain that dignity in every action of life. Fail to dis- 
cuss the affairs of the horseman and strive to scientifically frame 
your language, not ambiguous, but straightforward, plain and 
simple to the mark. Our professorsin the best veterinary med- 
ical schools do not ever presume to teach the student horseman- 
ship, nor do they make an extra effort to apply a mode of treat- 
ment to any one animal unless it is strictly applicable toa 
named disease and patient, but on the other hand they are stren- 
uous to broaden the student’s mind, make him a thorough man 
of comparative medicine by educating him in all the necessary 
branches of medical science so that he may be able to treat medi- 
cal and surgical cases on liberal and scientific principles. 


ANATOMICAL NOTES. 465 


ANATOMICAL NOTES. 


By Dr. SCHMALTZ. 
Translated by Dr. A. T. PETERS, the Untversity of Nebraska. 


For some years I have found it no longer possible to publish 
an anatomical article of my own in the Berliner Trerarztliche 
Wochenschrift, although several of these have awaited publica- 
tion. The space available for original articles has constantly 
been very urgently claimed, and the editor as well as the anato- 
my must therefore wait. The latter, however, must finally come 
to light in a periodical, since what is given in books, perhaps in 
small reports, is not noted in proportion to its practical impor- 
tance. To make this possible for me in the Berliner Trerirzt- 
liche Wochenschrift, | will, now and then, discuss an anatomi- 
cal subject, not as a study, but in the form of short notices, 
omitting everything introductory, secondary in importance and 
not essential. It is these anatomical details which have found 
no place in the descriptions of the text-books and thus are not 
generally known. This does not exclude the possibility that 
concerning one thing or another something may have already 
been written in some place. I will not trouble myself with the 
literature, as I expressly remark, in these small articles, which 
make no claim to the rank of studies. 

I. NEUROTOMY ON THE PERONEAL NERVE. 

Dr. Topper, staff veterinarian of the Royal Stables, said to 
me recently that the place which is now chosen for finding and 
cutting through the peroneal nerve for the purpose of treating 
spavin has various objections. The question arises as to 
whether the nerve could not be better found at a higher place. 
This is the case, and it is perhaps valuable, even to the practi- 
tioner, to follow the course of this nerve and to observe its ram- 
ifications. 

The outer side of the tibia and of the knee in the horse is cov- 
ered by the biceps muscle, which with three fleshy slips radi- 
ates to the patella, to the tuberosity of the tibia and into the 
crural fascia, which is continuous and blends into the tendon of 


466 DR. SCHMALTZ. 


Achilles. Below the fleshy border of the biceps muscle the 
peroneal nerve arises and here its trunk is easy to find. It is 
covered only by the crural fascia, which here consists of two 
divided plates or laminz, the lamina superficialis and the lam- 
ina profunda. (Fig. 3, f, c, s, and f,c, p.) The deep, stronger 
lamina is the aponeurosis of the biceps and passes in the direc- 
tion of its principal fibre strands, corresponding to the muscle, 
from behind and above forward and downward. The superficial 
lamina, among others, arises from the fascia of the biceps and 
shows fibres running in various directions. For practical pur- 
poses the flexed position of the knee will best correspond. The 
directions the fibers of the deep lamina or layer of the crural 
fascia have in this flexion of the knee (almost at right angles) 
are shown in figure 2; the superficial lamina or layer of fascia 
as well as the skin has here been removed. 

The peroneal nerve, arising under the fleshy border of the 
biceps, lies on the strong extensor digitalis lateralis muscle, © 
which it crosses obliquely, at a finger’s breadth below the tu- 
berosity on the fibula. In thissecure situation it is easy to find 
and here it divides very constantly into four branches. 

They first branch off together or closely side by side the 
muscular twig for the extensor digitalis lateralis (II in the fig- 
ures) and the long superficial branch to the foot (III in the fig- 
ures). They lie midway on the fleshy belly of the extensor lat- 
eralis muscle, the superficial branch to the foot runs along this 
muscle and then goes superficially over the flexor surface of the 
tarsus to the metatarsus (see fig. I). 

After giving off these two branches, the peroneal nerve 
reaches the groove or sulcus (obvious without a preparation) 
between the lateral and common extensor of the toe and divides, 
just before gaining this, into two branches. ‘The one superior 
(IV in the figures) goes shortly and obliquely into the muscular 
groove to supply the common extensor [M. extensor dig. com- 
munis seu pedis longus] and the m. tibialis anterior, the other 
(V in the figures) is the deep branch to the foot of the peronzeus 
wanted. This turns downward and likewise disappears in the 


ANATOMICAL NOTES. 467 


ETGare 


X a, patella; X b-c, tuberosity of the 

tibia (highest and lowest points); 
d, tuberosity of the fibula. I, nervus 
peronzeus ; II, its twig for the m. exten- 
sor digitalis lateralis ; III, its superficial 
branch to the foot ; IV, muscular twigs 
for the extensor digitorum pedis longus 
and the m. tibialis; V, the deep branch 
to the foot, the object of the operation. 

I, attachment of the biceps; 2, musc. 
vastus ; 3, condylus femoris ; 4, art. pop- 
litea; 5, lateral ligament of the patella ; 
6, eal straight ligament of the patella: 
7, lateral ligament of the knee or stifle 
joint (it ends below on the fibula and on 
this corresponds to the m. ext. digitalis 
lateralis); 8, m. popliteus; 9, m. tibi- 
alis ; Io, m. extensor digitorum pedis lon- 
gus and 11, m. ext. digitalis lateralis (the 
two extensors of the toe touch each other 
and have only a deep groove or sulcus 
between them ; in the figure, 10 is drawn 
down somewhat forward, so that between 
Io and II an interspace arises, in which 
the muse. tibialis, the vena tibialis ante- 
rior and on this the nerve sought for, be- 
come visible); 12, m. soleus; T3511 
flexor dig. profundus (the light stria be- 
tween it and 11 is an intermuscular liga- 
ment); 14, the superior transverse liga- 
ment ; 15, vena tibialis anterior; 16, mid- 
dle, and 17, inferior transverse ligament ; 
18, art. metatarsea magna; Ig, tibia : 
20 long and short lateral ligament of the 
tarsus ; 21, tendon of the flexor of the 
coffin boneand tendon sheath, the opened 
articular capsule in front; 22, talus or 
astragalus. 


468 DR. SCHMALTZ. 


ANATOMICAL NOTES. 469 


groove between the two extensors of the toe, in which it runs 
downward on the vena tibialis anterior, as figure 1 shows. 
Above the superior annular ligament (fig. 1, 14) it sinks deeply, 
passes over the flexor surface of the tarsus, while giving off a 
twig to it and goes below this, passing beneath the extensor 
tendon of the toe (medially, hence not visible in fig. 1) again to 
view on the metatarsus, 

I know that it is customary to look for this last mentioned 
deep branch to the foot of the peronzeus, for the purpose of cut- 
ting through it, in the muscular groove between the two exten- 
sors of the toe. It lies deeply here and is concealed, since in 
figure 1 the two extensors of the toe (10 and 11) are drawn 
apart ; in normal position, however, they touch each other and 
cover the nerve, which here lies closely in contact with the 
great vein. Hence it is not easy to find the nerve here, aside 
from the surgical disadvantages with which the cutting through 
of the crural fascia parallel to the muscular groove might often 
be attended. 

On this account it is more desirable to undertake the neurot- 
omy of the deep branch to the foot of the peronzeus higher or 
closer to the knee and indeed directly after it branches off from 
the muscular branch (1V), before it disappears in the groove be- 
tween the extensors of the toe. The place is indicated in all 
the figures by the V indicating the nerve (above). 

The nerve is without doubt easiest to find here, since it shows 
itself immediately after cutting through the fascia. The ob- 
liquely lying nerve trunk is seen on the firm support of the 
lateral extensor of the toe. A mistake in regard to the branches 
is not possible. Midway on the lateral extensor of the toe is 
given off the noteworthy superficial branch (III) without further 
complications (the small muscular branch II arises near it 
whether one sees it or not). Then the nerve trunk goes directly 
into the muscular groove (between the two extensors of the toe) 
and goes deeply into this. Just before it passes deeply (in case 
the groove is easy to lay open) one finds the division into the 
two terminal branches. The muscular branch continues in the 


470 DR. SCHMALTZ. 


direction of the trunk, of which the branch turning downward 
toward the foot is the one sought. 

The cut for finding the nerve (in the knee, flexed almost to 
a tight angle, see the figures) is to be made obliquely to the axis 
of the leg (or tibia). It thus becomes not only parallel to the 
nerve trunk, but lies also in the direction taken by the fibres of 
the biceps muscle and of the deep (strong) lamina or layer of 
the crural fascia (which, as is known, is the aponeurosis of the 
biceps). The contraction of the muscle will thus not tear apart 
the cut edges in the fascia, but will draw them together. 

The nerve is seen immediately after cutting through the 
skin and the fascia, it appears through the deep lamina or layer 
of this, no vessels lie near here; the two lamine of fascia are 
here completely divided from each other and offer themselves 
separately to the knife, since the cut must naturally be made 
very superficially. 

The place for the operation may be determined easily and 
with absolute certainty. The points of orientation are marked 
in the three figures by crosses and corresponding letters, the 
proportionate distances also are to be learned from the figures, 
which are one-third of the natural size. If one goes on the 
flexed knee from the patella (a) downward on the anterior sur- 
face of the knee, he finds the tuberosity of the tibia (b-c), which 
naturally also is directly recognized. This bony tuberosity has 
a certain length and we may feel its superior (b) and its inferior 
(c) end. If one palpates from the lower end (c) transversely 
over the leg toward the hock, he will feel, situated a little higher 
(toward the patella) than c, a distinct process through the skin, 
the tuberosity of the fibula d. A finger’s breadth below (toward 
the foot) this tuberosity d, lies the nervus peronzeus and here 
one may cut in on it. The cut is made about parallel to the 
line connecting c and d (a little less, so that the two converge 
toward the hollow of the knee). Since the branches of the pe- 
ronzeus turn downward toward the foot, the incision can better 
fall a few millimetres above than below the nerve trunk; the 
“ finger’s breadth below d” is correct therefore in any case. 


a eer ee A eS ee 


TRE TS 


REPORTS OF CASES. 471 


REPORTS OF CASES. 


‘* Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him. Byre- 
cording his observations, he adds tothe knowledge of his profession, and assists by his facts 
in building up the solid edifice of pathological science.”’ 


VALVULAR DISEASE OF THE HEART IN A YEARLING FILLY. 
By E. A. Weston, G. M. V. C., Launceston, Tasmania. 


The subject of this note was a bay yearling draft filly. I 
happened to see her when out attending another draft horse in 
the same stable, but she was evidently dying, and her owner did 
not desire her treated. She was unable to rise, and being in a 
narrow stall, I did not sound her, which I much regretted after- 
wards. I, however, requested her owner to inform me should she 
die, and I would conduct a post-mortem. 

The history of the case was that last December the filly be- 
gan to go off her food, mope about the paddock, and lie downa 
good deal. From this out she gradually wasted away, despite 
the best feeding and care, until she died on April 12th. Previous 
to death cedema of the extremities set in, and her owner said her 
heart could be heard beating tumultuously and irregularly. 
Post-mortem revealed general anzemia, extensive cedema of the 


lung, enlargement of the liver, which weighed 17 pounds (nor- 


mal weight in adult horse 7 to 12 pounds), though the structure 
did not appear to be altered and sclerosis of the kidneys, more 
especially affecting the cortical layer. In the circulatory sys- 
tem, however, was found the 
cause of all the other troubles. 
The heart was hypertrophied, 
and extensive vegetations ex- 
isted on the tricuspid valves 
separating the right auricle 
from the right ventricle, while 
no trace of the valves guard- 
ing the entrance to the com- 
mon aorta could be seen, their 
place being filled by extensive 
vegetations, which completely 
obliterated them. At the origin 
of the mesenteric arteries the 
A. VEGETATIONS. B. POSTERIOR AORTA. intima was destroyed, and veg- 


472 REPORTS OF CASES. 


etations took its place, but I could find no trace of the armed 
strongyles usually found here. 


BOVINE UTERUS CONTAINING THE BONES ONLY OF A FCTUS. 
By J. WILLIAM FINK, D. V. S., U. S. Inspector, Harrison, N. J. 


I am sending the REVIEW herewith a photo of the uterus of 
a cow containing all the bones of a foetus, but no soft tissues. 
Evidently this is one of the cases, such as are described in text- 
books, where the retention of the foetus, caused by transverse 
presentation, at the end of gestation, as the envelopes rup- 
tured and air became admitted through the os, there ensued de- 
composition of tlre soft tissues, which are gradually passed off 


or discharged, leaving the bones. Their relation and position 
in the uterus in this case indicate a left cephalo-iliac position of 
the foetus. The bones are all present and well formed, the 
walls of the uterus considerably thickened, as seen in the photo- 
graph; near the horns it is one and a half inches thick. On 
the inner surface the mucous membrane was very badly torn 
and presented a ragged appearance, no doubt due to contact 
with the bones, and causing chronic metritis. 

The uterus measured 18 inches from the bifurcation of the 
horns to the os uteri, and 8 inches across at the widest point. 

The bones were chocolate brown in color, and there was 
about six ounces of the same colored fluid, having a foul odor. 


REPORTS OF CASES. 473 


ORGANS OF AN HERMAPHRODITE SHEEP. 
By E. A. Weston, G. M. V. C., Launceston, Tasmania. 


Enclosed you will find a couple of photographs of the organs 
of an hermaphrodite sheep, which may be of interest to some of 
your readers. The subject was a six-tooth, well-bred merino 
who continually hunted the ewes round and jumped upon them 
in season and out of season without being able to accomplish 
the sexual act. Externally he-she-or-it had the organs of a ewe, 
with the exception of a somewhat enlarged clitoris, lying in a 
pocket under the inferior vulval wall. Anterior to this could 
be felt a thickened fibrous body, about the thickness of one’s 
finger, which appeared to represent the body of the penis, the 
enlarged clitoris resembling the glans penis in structure. On 


EXPLANATION OF PHOTOS, 


A. Kidneys. B. Ureters. 

C. Bloodvessels of bladder. D. Testicles. 

E Uterine horns. F. Bladder. 

G. Vesiculz seminales. - H. Vagina. 

I. Glans penis protruding from vulva. 

In No. 1I shows fibrous body of penis with stick beneath. E. A. W. 


post-mortem a rather curious condition was seen. The animal 
possessed a vagina and uterus, the body being small, and the 
horns long, and at the extremity of the oviducts there existed 
in place of the ovaries two small but complete testicles. At- 


474 REPORTS OF CASES. 


tached to the walls of the vagina were two glandular structures 
representing the vesiculce seminales of the ram. The enlarged 
clitoris lay in a pocket in the inferior wall of the vagina, but 
was not directly attached to the fibrous thickening which rep- 
resented the remainder of the penis. 


RUPTURED STOMACH UNDER PECULIAR CIRCUMSTANCES AND 
WITH LACK OF USUAL SYMPTOMS. 


By HuGcu THomson, V. S., Newman Grove, Nebraska. 


July 7th I was called by telephone to a sick horse about 11 P. 
M., and arrived at 11.30. The horse had worked all day cultivat- 
ing corn, apparently in the best of health ; left the field about 
7p. M. All of the horses went tothe tank and drank what they 
wished. ‘This animal is a mare about 12 years of age, colt of 
three months by her side. After drinking water she laid down 
and rolled on her back against the barn. When she arose she 
began to tremble, but showed no other symptoms. Not getting 
any better I was telephoned for, andI found her trembling all 
over, body and legs cold, breathing heavily, with flapping of 
nostrils; keeps nose continually to the ground ; raises it occa- 
sionally about a foot and drops it immediately; pulse about 60, 
temperature 105%, no bloating and never had been; showed no 
pain except the first roll. Diagnosed stomach trouble, with prob- 
ably arupture. Gave a stimulant and febrifuge drench. She 
showed at no time any of the symptoms of rupture. Animal 
stood up till she died next morning about 5 o’clock. Would 
occasionally press head against manger. I placed two heavy 
blankets over her to try and bring heat to the body, which I 
did with pilocarpine hypodermically. 

Post-Mortem.—Rupture of the greater curvature of the stom- 
ach, muscular and serous coat, over a foot long, about three 
inches wide at widest part. I should judge it had occurred about 
three weeks before as the edges were smooth and glistening, 
and had healed entirely in the centre. There was a hole through 
the mucous coat the size of a 50-cent piece, and a clot of blood. 
The stomach was full of corn and hay, well masticated ; abdom- 
inal cavity full of dark fluid and caked food ; thoracic cavity 
also contained food and fluid. 

Now, to me this case is interesting and may be to the RE- 
VIEW readers. At no time did she vomit nor sit on her haunches, 
symptoms given of rupture. Inquiring further, I found this an- 
imal had been in the pasture and had probably experienced an 


REPORTS OF CASES. ATS 


attack of indigestion, which she undoubtedly had, and recovered, 
rupturing the muscular and serous coats. The stomach being full 
of food on the 7th, and drinking more water than it could hold 
in its weakened condition, the fatal complete rupture took place. 


A PECULIAR CASE OF PLEURISY WITH AN INTERESTING 
HISTORY. 


By M. H. REyNoLDs, University of Minnesota, St. Anthony Park, Minn. 


The case herein described was apparently so unusual in many 
respects, and so important, in view of what seems to. be reason- 
able inferences, that it has been deemed by the writer worthy 
of record. 

The animal involved in this case was an aged Guernsey bull. 
The writer did not make up the history notes of this case, but 
saw the animal several times during the illness. 

History.—This bull was slightly sick sometime during the 
past winter, at least six or eight months ago (exact date cannot 
be given), and very little is known concerning the nature of 
that illness. He showed the first evidence of his recent sick- 
ness on May 20, 1905. At that time he refused to eat and was 
dull. There was marked constipation, with some flatulence, 
lungs apparently sound, but not examined. He was given three 
pints of raw linseed oil and two ounces of turpentine. 

May 23d.—There was no improvement, increasing weakness, 
respiration very short; condition of bowels the same ; tempera- 
ture normal. 

May 24th.—No improvement ; lying down part of the time 
and on his feet part of the time, changing at easy intervals. 
Respiration difficult, painful, very short and abdominal. Slight 
friction sounds could be detected, but there was some un- 
certainty. There was an area of marked dullness over the 
lower portion of the chest cavity; circulation was very poor, 
extremities very cold; some pain on intercostal pressure, but 
not marked. Apparently he disliked to move about much. 
Temperature normal. 

Diagnosis.—Traumatic pleurisy, with possibly pericarditis. 

Prognosts.—Bad. 

May 25th, evening.—Mustard plaster was applied over the 
chest. Constipation persists and the patient was given further 
laxative treatment. This laxative dose was repeated on the 
morning of May 26th, and on the evening of the latter day 
stimulants were given. 


476 REPORTS OF CASES. 

May 27th.—Similar treatment continued ; weakness increas- 
ing, circulation very poor; pulse 120; respiration very shallow. 
Case considered hopeless since the 24th. 

Treatment continued during the 28th; died at 6 A. M., 
May 2oth. 

Temperature during the entire course ranged about 102; 
never more than 102.5, then gradually running down to 100 on 
May 28th. 

Autopsy.—The chest cavity contained three to four gallons 
of thin, light colored dirty fluid with a foul odor. The parietal 
pleura was much thickened, rough, dirty brown color, espe- 
cially on the inferior half, the animal being in normal posi- 
tion. ‘There was an area of congestion on the left costal pleura 
IO or 12 inches in diameter, just below the vertebral column; 
lungs adherent to costal and diaphragmatic pleure. The entire 
visceral pleura very dark; several chocolate colored caseous 
inasses, more or less nearly round, about 2 c.m. in diameter, 
free in the chest cavity. A considerable amount of light col- 
ored gelatinous fibrinous exudate on the right side irregularly 
elongated and measuring 2.5 c.m. by 8 c.m. 

Lungs.—Very much shrunken, dark, heavy, extensively 
filled, apparently no normal lung substances. 

Heart.—Pericardium thick, adherent tothe epicardium very 
extensively. Parts of the heart not adherent were rough and of 
the same dirty color as the costal pleura. There were dark, 
congested areas (possibly heemorrhagic) beneath the epicardium. 
The myocardium was soft, and had a parboiled appearance. 

Liver.—One small area deep in the substance of the liver 
was very peculiar. Possibly a hemorrhagic infarct or angei- 
oma (uncertain). The liver appeared somewhat enlarged ; the 
edges were thickened and the gall-bladder was very much dis- 
tended. There was one old sinus in the reticulum wall, extena- 
mmg to and through the pericardium. 

Note.—The adhesions beneath the pericardium and epicar- 
dium were very firmly organized, apparently several months old. 
There were several other and similar sinuses in the diaphragm, 
some one of which had probably perforated into the pleural 
cavity and set up the recent necrotic, putrefactive pleurisy which 
was the immediate cause of death. 

There were evidently two very distinct stages in the devel- 
opment of this case, with a very considerable interval. In the 
second stomach we found a collection of foreign bodies, includ- 
ing nails, wire, and hard coal cinders. ‘The adhesions between 


REPORTS OF CASES. 477 


the visceral and parietal pleuree were much more recent and 
less firmly organized. 

Here was a very peculiar case—indeed, a very severe pleu- 
tisy, but with no temperature, little pain or soreness evinced. 
The heart lesions were old and of such a nature that they could 
not have materially modified the symptoms that came from the 
recent and active pleurisy. The animal would lie down and 
get up, changing at easy intervals like a healthy animal; there 
was nothing unusual about the attitude. The only available 
evidence of pleurisy was the apparent dullness over the lower 
portion of the chest region, a slight pain on intercostal pres- 
sure, and a general disinclination to move about and the very 
short respiration, which was evidently due to the very little 
amount of useful lung tissue and the very extensive adhesions 
between the parietal and visceral pleuree. And yet here was a 
most intense and extensive inflammation, involving both the 
parietal and visceral pleure. 


ALL roads lead to Cleveland this month. 

Dr. J. L. ROBERTSON, of New York, preceded the Eastern 
delegates to Ohio, to repair the fences on his Buckeye farm. 

PRESIDENT KNOWLES and Secretary Repp, although geo- 
graphically far apart, have throughout the year kept in close 
touch on matters concerning the welfare of the Association, and 
have worked like beavers to make the approaching meeting of 
the A. V. M. A. the great success which it promises to be. 

DUTIES OF PHILADELPHIA POLICE IN REGARD TO PROTECT- 
ING ANIMALS FROM CRUELTY.—The Director of Public Safety 
has issued the following order to the Philadelphia police : “There 
seems to be an utter disregard on the part of some of the officers 
of this bureau of the orders which have been repeatedly issued 
as to the action which must be taken upon complaints when 
made to them. A number of complaints have recently been 
received of wanton cruelty to dumb animals, which, when re- 
ported to officers, have been disregarded on the plea that the of- 
ficer did not see the occurrence and could not make an arrest 
unless he did. When such complaints are made to a patrolman 
it is his plain duty to at once thoroughly investigate the mat- 
ter and to report the facts to the station house, that adequate steps 
may be taken to punish the offenders. When a patrolman sees 
a horse lame and sore and totally unfit for work which a brutal 
driver compels it to perform, it is his plain duty to at once arrest 
the driver, and not instruct a complainant to get a warrant.” 


478 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


VETERINARY EDUCATION AND THE ARMY. 


The Army and Navy Register of June 17, 1905, contains 
the following note: 

No one seems to have heard of the examination for veterinarians, 
which examination has been pending beyond the memory of man almost. 
There are those eternal six vacancies—no moreand no less. At last ac- 
counts there were a number of candidates, one or two of whom promised 
to come out of the ordeal sufficiently unscathed to get onto the list of 
veterinarians. 

With this note as a text, it is timely to inquire into the 
causes that lead to—those eternal six vacancies in the Army. 
Since the Acts of Congress of March, 1899, and February, 1901, 
there are allowed by law for the Army forty-two veterinarians, 
thirty for the fifteen Cavalry regiments and twelve for the Ar- 
tillery Corps. To procure this number of veterinarians, eleven 
examinations have been held in all: one in 1899, one in 1900, 
two in 1902, four in 1903, by which from one to eight veterina- 
rians were passed. In 1904 and 1905, three examinations were 
held, but no candidate passed, leaving still six vacancies. Thus, 
during six years of vacancies and examinations only thirty-six 
veterinarians have been found qualified for the army veteri- 
nary service. 

It has been maintained by colleagues in civil life that this 
condition of affairs is the result of the low inducements offered ° 
for entering the military service, that the position itself—as any 
military position—is not attractive to the young American vet- 
erinarian, and that we shall not fill these vacancies until the 
position is made more proportionate to its rather high require- 
ments. There is some truth in this assertion, as we all know 
that the army veterinary service has been a sore spot in the body 
veterinary of the United States ever since our profession has as- 
serted its own standing and independent professional action— 
some thirty to forty years ago. 

On the other hand, there has never been a dearth of appli- 
cants for the army veterinary service; in fact, they have been 
counted by the hundreds. As an instance, the President of the 
Examining Board that met at Fort Myer, Va., early in 1900, 
stated that there had been more than one hundred and twenty- 
five applicants for that examination; that after hard work in 
sifting the applications, twenty names were finally agreed upon 
as the most promising candidates, of which only five passed 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 479 


the examination. All the other applicants showed more or less 
illiteracy in their applications; or their testimonials, recom- 
mendations, etc., came from ‘‘ prominent” livery-stable meu or 
other persons of ‘‘low social standing,” and that the diplomas 
of many applicants, while gaudy in appearance, did not impress 
the members of the Board as coming ftom colleges on a par 
with “‘ academies,” or universities. 

This is only a general statement, but what causes lead to in- 
dividual failures of candidates, may be judged from one case of 
the writer’s knowledge. About three years ago a young veteri- 
narian asked by letter for the particulars in regard to entering 
the service, and, although I had no faith in the college from 
which he hailed, 1 gave him the benefit of my doubt from per- 
sonal unacquaintance, and advised him what course to pursue. A 
year later I heard that he had failed. Soon afterward I happened 
to meet a member of this Examining Board, and inquired about 
the cause of his failure. The officer stated: ‘‘Dr. X. failed men- 
tally, physically and morally.” ‘ Whoa,’ I said, ‘“‘ may I ask } 
some particulars?” ‘ Well,” he replied, “he failed mentally | 
because he was a veterinarian but not an educated veterinarian ; | 
physically because the surgeon reported that he had some fe- | 
male disease, and morally because we invited him to the club 
and after two drinks he used obscene language. Now, we don’t 
expect saints in the army, but neither do we want the lepers of 
your profession.” 

This may have been an extreme case, and many young men, 
clean in body and strong enough morally, may have failed 
from want of that general and professional education which of- 
ficers, comprising the examining boards, consider necessary for 
the army veterinary career. 

This leads us to the question, what is understood in the 
Army by the term ‘‘ Educated Veterinarian’? Education is a 
broad term and differently interpreted by different classes of 
people. It isa delicate subject to discuss, because the lawyer, 
physician or veterinarian, who has had only a common school 
education and has then. run through some college that makes as 
its principal claim to be “practical,’? considers himself an 
“educated professional man.” He is, perhaps, acknowledged 
as such by people of less education than himself, but not ac- 
knowledged as such by men who have had the advantage of 
higher education, z.2., the graduation from a high school, with 
an additional degree of B. S., ete., from a university, finishing 
with a strict and thorough course of four years in medicine. 


480 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


Similarly high is the standard of education in the Army. There 
is only one military school in the country which bears the title 
of ‘‘ Academy.” Its course has been a strict four years course 
within the memory of living men, and the entrance examina- 
tion has been forced up and up until it is now quite high. Its 
students are selected from the good families of the country, and 
the polite and cultured social life maintained at the academy by 
old tradition, foreshadows the peculiar social life of the Army, 
without which it could not be content in its isolated situation. 
An officer, reared in such surroundings, who happens to be on a 
veterinary examining board, is little impressed by the claims 
of a candidate that he is an “ honor-graduate from an up-to-date 
practical veterinary college”; that he can blister and fire; do 
all sorts of operations; compound medicines scientifically ; give 
capsules with dexterity; kill horses for glanders and surra, etc. 
These things are looked upon by such an officer as akin toa 
trade, because the army farrier has been attending to them for 
a hundred years, and is still attending to them where there is no 
veterinarian. He longs for the ‘educated veterinarian,” a 
young man versed in his profession deeply and broadly ; a man 
with whom he can talk horse, talk conformation of the cavalry 
horse according to mathematics, spending an hour or so in dis- 
cussing the proper position and direction of the pastern accord- 
ing to the parallelogram of forces; a man with whom he can 
talk confidentially over matters of horse of his troop and have 
professional secrecy observed; a man who can talk with him 
about the use of horses by Xenophon, Czsar, Frederic the 
Great and Napoleon, what these horses looked like, how they 
were bred, and what they accomplished in the great wars of his- 
tory; a man who can intelligently explain to him what the ba- 
cillus of glanders is and the parasite of surra; a man with whom 
he can share a tent and a blanket in camp on an equal social 
footing ; with whose family his family can enjoy an evening at 
music or the reading of Shakespeare on a long and dull winter 
evening. Such a man will be acknowledged as an educated 
veterinarian, and he will be treated with due respect and cor- 
diality and made one of the great family that makes up the so- 
cial life of a military post in this country. If he has not these 
accomplishments, he will receive polite indications to find his 
company among the undesirable element in the Army, and he 
may, and often does, get disgruntled with the service, and dissat- 
isfied with his profession, which he wrongly accuses of being 
below that of his sister profession, medicine, which is older and 


ee ee 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 481 


more developed in the Army, and has the lustre of higher rank 
shining about it brightly. 

Let no young veterinarian deceive himself into the belief 
that he can or will be acknowledged in the future as an edu- 
cated veterinarian unless he possesses these and similar accom- 
plishments. But above all, let no professors, deans, directors or 
presidents of veterinary colleges deceive themselves into the be- 
lief that veterinary colleges which exact less than a graduation 
from a high school as entrance, and less than a strict, full and 
complete course of four years in veterinary medicine, will be ac- 
knowledged as on a par with the colleges of the learned profes- 
sions. The Army will not acknowledge them as such, because 
it has a right to specify its own standard of education, and let 
us hope that this same standard be followed in the future by all 
institutions or individuals seeking the services of intelligent, 
capable and responsible veterinarians. Necessity demands, that 
our National Association look this situation squarely in the face, 
and take some steps to even up matters of veterinary education 
in accordance with the lofty spirit of progress and just power of 
action. OLOF SCHWARZKOPE. 

* 
é * * 
EPIZOOTIC LYMPHANGITIS. 
FORT OGLETHORPE, GA., July 20, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review: 

DEAR SirS: The last three lines on page 318 of the June 
number in Dr. Schwarzkopf’s review of Captain Pallin’s treat- 
ise of Epizootic Lymphangitis prompts me to send you the en- 
closed photo of a case I had under my care at Batangas, P. I., 
which I think shows the le- 
sions on the shoulder very dis- 
tinctly. In the large majority 
of American horses that came 
under my care I noticed the 
neck generally showed the first 
manifestation of the disease, 
also on the side of the breast ; 
and in the native ponies nearly 
always severest lesions on the 
hind-legs and sides. The ther- 
mo-cautery locally and hydrarg 
biniodii internally gave me 
goodresults. The mucous 
membrane variety was generally fatal. WurtiaAm P. HILL, 

Veterinarian r2th Cav. 


482 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


FRENCH REVIEW. 


By Prof, A. LrauTaRp, M. D., V. M. 


INTERESTING CASE OF HYGROMA OF THE POLL [Leon Du- 
pas|.—An aged mare has on the poll two cystic tumors, of 18 
months standing. ‘These are separated by the insertion of the 
mane. ‘They are elongated; the left measures 12 centimetres 
in length and is as big as the fist ; the right twice as large (meas- 
ures 25 centimetres). They are painless, hard and prominent 
when the head is flexed, rather soft and fluctuating when it 
is extended. They evidently communicate. The diagnosis is 
easily made out. ‘The treatment was complicated and lasted 
quite long. First deep needle cauterization was resorted to— 
thirty points on the right, fifteen on the left. Large escape of 
fluid followed the operation, and of course reduction of size of 
the tumors. ‘wo days later they were as large asever. A 
second cauterization was followed by the same result. Then 
came in succession free incision of the two lobes at their ex- 
tremities. This was followed by the exit of about a thousand 
small riziform masses. ‘Tents were introduced in the incisions 
of the cysts, to allow antiseptic irrigations. Thus suppuration 
is established. A hard, warm and painful swelling appeared at 
the upper end of the left tumor. Lymphatic cords appeared 
along the neck. Theswelling became fluctuating, and puncture 
with the cautery gave issue to an abundant collection of pus. 
Still the tracts of the cystic tumors did not show tendency to 
close, but assumed the characters of fistulee, which resisted treat- 
ment with oxygenated water, tincture of iodine, nitrate of silver, 
etc. It was then that in despair the four fistulous tracts were 
freely cut open and continued irrigation, night and day, was 
started. With this last attempt recovery was completed in thir- 
teen days. The author regrets that he did not resort to this 
last treatment first of all, and saved the two months during which 
the mare had been laid up.—(Rec. de Med. Vet., Dec. 15, 
1904.) 

CASE OF VOMITING IN A Horse [P. Caste/ ].—It is a Per- 
cheron gelding, 10 years old; he has never been sick in the last 
five years; yet, it has been observed that in a violent pulling 
effort he would show signs of choking. After a day of good 


as aa. 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 483 


work and a good night meal, he refuses his food the next morn- 
ing and rejects alimentary detritus by the nostrils. The animal 
is uneasy, has slight colics, carries the head extended, salivates 
abundantly, the nostrils are dilated and soiled with rejected 
food. He swallows readily a mucilaginous drench given to 
him. Nothing particular about the chest. Diagnosis is not made, 
but the case considered fatal. Treatment of counter-irritation, 
opiates, etc., is prescribed, without expecting results. The 
vomiting is kept up all the time until death, which occurred 
22 hours after. Nothing was found at post-mortem. In- 
testines empty, stomach contained small quantity of food 
with large quantity of water. Ante-mortem clot in the pul- 
monary artery. All other organs normal.—(Revue Veterzn., 
Jan., 1905.) 

‘TREATMENT OF PURPURA WITH INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS 
OF COLLARGOL [JZ A. Mollereau|.—Although serotherapy is 
the treatment now in vogue and gives much satisfaction, there 
are cases where it seems to fail, and no matter what interpreta- 
tion can be given, one is tempted to resort to other forms of 
treatment. Such has been the case with the author, who has 
had opportunity to try the therapeuty inaugurated by Diecker- 
hoff, viz.: the intravenous injection, repeated daily, of 25 c.c. 
of a solution of collargol at 2 per cent. Mr. Mollereau records 
nine cases out of which he has obtained eight recoveries. The 
number of injections has varied according to the relief obtained ; 
some animals required but four, others demanded eleven and 
twelve. The injection is generally followed by a reduction 
of the temperature and an improvement in the swelling. When 
the solution is fresh there is no general disturbance. In one 
case where the solution was several days old, it gave rise to great 
excitation of the animal, generalized muscular twitchings, in- 
creased respiration; these manifestations, however, did not last 
long. In one case a marked reduction in the urinary secretion 
was noticed after several days of treatment. One case is men- 
tioned in which the disease made a second appearance after re- 
covery of the animal, which had been able to work for nearly a 
month after. The urinary disturbances that are observed, read- 
ily subside with the administration of diuretics. The impor- 
tant condition of success, according to Dieckerhoff, was the use 
of fresh solutions only.—(Budletin de la Soc. Cent., Dec. 30, 
1904.) 

SUDDEN DEATH BY RUPTURE OF MESENTERIC VARICOUS 
VEINS IN A Horse [Leon Dupas|.—A skittish mare is brought 


484 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


to the exercising ring, made to trot, turns round the ring once, 
stumbles on both knees, tries to get up and falls on the right 
side; two minutes after she is dead. She had no bad ante- 
cedents, having been laid up from work only fora trifling thing, 
lameness. Post-mortem: The abdomen opened and the cecum 
and colon removed, large masses, of dark red color, soft and 
fluctuating, are found in the left flank. ‘They are situated in 
the mesentery, and well exposed when the small intestine with 
its peritoneal support is taken off from the abdomen and laid on 
the floor. One of the heematomas is situated about three metres 
from the pylorus. Another, much larger, having the aspect of 
a large ox liver, is about three metres and a half from the first. 
The third is situated near the second, in the middle of the mes- 
entery, above the anastomotic arch of the arteries of the small 
intestine. ‘The quantity of blood contained in these tumors 
was estimated to be about ten litres. Besides these three large 
hzemorrhagic centres, there were five others, smaller, situated 
in various points of the mesentery, on a level with the origin of 
the ramifications that form the anastomotic arches. The entire 
venous system of the mesentery is congested. Careful exami- 
nation of the condition of the bloodvessel after the removal of 
the blood, revealed that before death there were eight mesen- 
teric varicous veins, three of which, much larger and older than 
the others, had in breaking open given rise to haemorrhage and 
afterwards to cardiac syncope.—(Budlet. de la Soc. Cent., Dec. 
30, 1904.) 

CEREBRAL TUMORS IN A HorsE [J/IZ. Reoire and For- 
geot|.—The subject was a fifteen-year-old pony, which for some 
time had lost his energy, became difficult to drive and always 
wanted to go to the left. Finally he dropped on the road, 
breathed very slowly, and after half a day of somewhat coma- 
tous condition died, notwithstanding treatment of bleeding and 
mustard applications on the legs. At the post-mortem three 
tumors were found in the cranial cavity—one situated on the 
anterior extremity of the left hemisphere. It was as big asa 
small nut, was not projecting, adhered to the dura mater; it 
was easily pulled away. A second was resting on the anterior 
extremity of the ecto-sylvian circumvolution. Not adherent to 
the dura mater, it is sounded and has the same aspect as the 
first. The third growth, as large as a hazel nut, is in the pos- 
terior part of the same circumvolution; it has the same characters 
as the others. Around these tumors and extending in the right 
hemisphere for some surface, the white substance has assumed 


ss, se ee COP 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 485 


a yellowish hue and seems softer. The cerebellum, isthmus 
and choroid plexuses are normal. To the histological point of 
view these tumors are carcinomatous in nature. It is evident 
that they were secondary and that the primitive growths started 


in the nasal cavities or sinuses. Still, as the post-mortem was 


incomplete, their true original point was not made out.—(Lw/- 
let. Sciences Vet. de Lyon, Oct., 1904.) 

HYSTERECTOMY IN CHRONIC METRITIS OF SLUT [P7ro/. 
Mather|.—After considering the various causes and the mani- 
festations of chronic metritis, the author relates two cases where 
the operation was followed by complete return to health of two 
sluts, which were previous to it unfit to be kept. One 
was an excellent hunting dog, which made a perfect recovery 
in 13 days, and in a short time returned to her master in excel- 
lent condition. The other was an aged little pet animal, deli- 
cate, capricious in her habits, a canine neurasthenic, and very 
fat. She wasin the habit of micturating in one certain place 
and unless there she would not urinate. Such was the case the 
morning of her operation. The result was that on opening her 
abdomen the bladder was found enormously distended and con- 
cealing the uterus. Catheter was used, the urine removed and 
finally the operation completed and followed by no complica- 
tion. In 13 days she was returned to her owner.—(Aullet. 
Sciences Vet. Lyon, Oct. 1904.) 

CHRONIC AND INTERMITTENT PROLAPSUS OF THE VAGINA 
WITH DISPLACEMENT OF THE BLADDER IN A Mare [J/M7. 
Didier and Giraudet, Army Veterinarians|.—This saddle mare 
is five years old. She presents this peculiar series of symp- 
toms: At rest, walking or trotting without being mounted, she 
presents nothing abnormal; on the contrary, when she has a 
man on her back, under the influence of the spurs and of the 
legs of the rider, she struggles violently, arches her back, con- 


‘tracts her abdominal muscles, and then appears through the lips 


of the vulva, a round tumor, strong rose color, about the size of 
a child’s head, which, as soon as the rider gets down gradually 
diminishes and disappears, to return under the same condi- 
tions; also when galloped at liberty to the rope, but then the 
symptoms return more slowly. On examining the tumor, when 
it is protruding, it is observed that on its superior part, a few 
centimetres from the vulvar slit, the os uteri is easily detected. 
If the tumor is raised, it disappears rapidly and the meatus 
urinarius is found in its normal place. If now vaginal explora- 
tion is made, the bladder is readily felt on the floor of the 


486 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


vagina. If the finger is introduced in the meatus, the floor of 
the vagina contracts and both organs return to their place. 
The diagnosis is certain. The pathological conditions promot- 
ing these symptoms are probably due to a loss of adhesion of 
the bladder with the peritoneum as well as of the surrounding 
organs, loss of adhesion which took place during a difficult 
accouchement when violent traction had been applied. It is 
probable also that she has had a prolapsus vaginze after her de- 
livery, judging by the presence of cicatrices on the lips of the 
vulva, marks very suggestive. Admitting this explanation, 
the treatment was simple: Expectation and no more using of 
the mare under the saddle. After four months, she was tried ; 
the symptoms returned, it is true, but so reduced that a radical 
recovery is surely expected if for a while yet the mare is not. 
ridden.—( Bullet. Scien. Vet. Lyon, Oct., 1904.) 

PELVI-RECTAL ABSCESS IN A MARE [ Prof. Coquot|.—This an- 
imal was taken with colic two months before, which was treated 
by oily soaped injection. The syringe used was sharp at the 
end and a little escape of blood had followed a rectal explora- 
tion made at that time. The mare recovered, but some two 
weeks later she manifested new troubles: frequent stretchings, 
violent efforts, groans, expulson of a few small dry fzecal balls. 
This condition grew worse, and, although at times the animal 
seemed in perfeet health, the symptoms became more serious 
and returned frequently. During the expulsive efforts the 
anus and vulva are pushed backwards, and through the vulvar 
lips there appears a round, globular mass, as big as a child’s 
head, which is covered with the vaginal mucous membrane. The 
anus at that moment is dilated and exposes the rectal mucous 
membrane which is congested and to which small, hard, dry and 
flat faecal balls are adherent. Rectal exploration reveals a nar- 
row condition of the rectum and on the floor a globular, fluctu- 
ating mass. Vaginal examination reveals the presence of this 
same mass on the upper wall and on the lower one the bladder 
in its normal condition. The diagnosis is then easily made 
out, the case is an inferior pelvi-rectal abscess. Diagnosis is 
confirmed by an explorative puncture with an aseptic trocar 
through the vagina. Pus escaping, the puncture is enlarged 
freely with a straight bistoury and about five litres of fluid re- 
moved. Injections of permanganate and of oxygenated water 
were made afterwards. The opening of the abscess was fol- 
lowed by immediate relief and recovery was complete in a few 
days.—(Rec. de Med. Vet., Jan. 15, 1905). 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 487 


GERMAN REVIEW. 


By ADOLPH EICHHOoRN, D. V. S., Bureau of Animal Industry, Great Bend, Kansas, 


SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTIONS OF BOVINE TUBERCLE BACILLI 
INTO HEALTHY AND SICK PERSONS [Felix Klemperer |.—As te- 
cent experiments prove that cattle may be immunized against 
tuberculosis with living human tubercle bacilli, and accepting the 
supposition that the bovine tubercle bacilli might have a similar 
effect on human beings, Klemperer, first on himself, and later 
on different sick people, performed several experiments for the 
purpose of establishing the effects of bovine tubercle bacilli on 
the health of human beings. He inoculated subcutaneously 
guinea-pigs with material derived from a tubercular lymph- 
gland. They developed tuberculosis in from three to four weeks, 
and by emulsifying some of their affected lymph glands in salt- 
solution, of which 0.05 c.cm. proved fatal in from three to six 
weeks to guinea-pigs ; he proceeded by injecting 0.25 c.cm. of 
the same subcutaneously in his forearm. At the place of inoc- 
ulation a painful inflammation developed, and a swelling of the 
brachial glands was also noticeable, which, however, disappeared 
in the course of two weeks, while at the place of inoculation a 
slight thickening remained, which was extirpated after ten days, 
and proved to be free of living tubercle bacilli. Considering 
this, it appears that bovine tubercle bacilli, introduced into the 
subcutaneous tissues of human beings, are destroyed in a com- 
paratively short time, without producing tubercular affections. 
Following this, K. inoculated a friend, a practicing physician, 
on his own request, who suffered for the last 14 years from 
phthisis, expectorating frequently blood, and greatly emaciated, 
with 0.25 c.cm., and after three months with 0.5 c.cm. of tuber- 
cular emulsion, prepared as described above, and which con- 
tained numerous bovine tubercle bacilli. After both injections, 
the local painful infammation developed, accompanied by a 
slight elevation in the temperature; however, in the general 
condition of the sickness, there was no improvement noticable, 
unless that his appetite improved, coughed less, and his weight 
increased two pounds. As a consequence of these, the subcu- 
taneous inoculations were continued, and in the following three 
months the patient received 12 more inoculations, each of 0.25 
e.cm. of the emulsion, principally in the abdomen. After some 
of the inoculations suppurative abscesses developed, in which 


488 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


streptococci were present, but in the condition of the sickness 
there was no visible change from his previous state, and after 
six months he took up again his practice. Based on these ex- 
periments K. was convinced to his satisfaction, that bovine tu- 
bercle bacilli inoculated subcutaneously are harmless for healthy 
as well as sick persons, and followed his work by injecting four 
more tubercular patients after receiving their consent, in all 39 
times each of 0.25 c.cm. of virulent bovine tubercular bacilli 
emulsion. Due to the inoculations in four instances abscesses 
formed, which soon healed, in a few cases a slight thickening 
remained at the place of inoculations, while in most instances 
not the slightest mark was noticeable. General constitutional 
symptoms were not observed at any time during the treatment, 
while frequently the patients felt somewhat improved. Based 
on these results, K. brings forward the question, whether it 
would not be possible to immunize people with bovine tubercle 
bacilli before they contract the disease, or in the early stages of 
the disease. Moller also experimented on himself in a similar 
way, by inoculating himself three times intravenously with tu- 
bercle bacilli cultivated from a blind snack, which he followed 
by intravenous injections of human tubercle bacilli. While the 
latter infection has not affected him, it is a question whether 
the first injection produced the immunity. Experiments per- 
formed in this direction on sick people would answer this ques- 
tion to a better satisfaction, as by effectful treatment the im- 
provements on the sick would be controllable.—(Zeztsche f. 
klin. Medec.) 

THE EFFECTS FROM THE ENTRANCE OF AIR INTO THE 
Veins [Dr. Richter, Dresden|.—It is a well-known fact that 
the presence of air in the veins in large quantities often pro- 
duces death, which sometimes destroys apoplecticly people and 
animals. While this fact was well known, up to this time it 
has not been established what the quantity of air is which 
would produce death in such instances. Richter aimed to es- 
tablish through his experiments on horses, dogs and rabbits the 
largest quantity of air in veins that can be endured by the ani- 
mals, without ill effects, and also the quantity which regularly 
produces death ; on the other hand he also aims to explain the 
cause of death. ‘The entrance of air into the veins is always ac- 
companied by a peculiar noise. After a large quantity has al- 
ready passed into the veins, the animal begins to perspire pro- 
fusely, trembles, the inspirations are deeper, sometimes longer 
pauses between theacts of respiration. Soon respiration ceases, 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 489 


the animal suddenly collapses and dies. In other cases again, 
it strikes the animal in an apoplectic way. Horses, as a general 
rule, endure without particular reaction one litre of air; five to 
six litres are sometimes fatal, while eight litres will produce 
death in every instance. Medium sized dogs endure well 20 
c.cm. of air; however, it was observed that in some cases a much 
smaller quantity caused death. Death, excepting the apoplectic 
form, appears as a rule in I, 2, 5 minutes, in rare instances after 
ten minutes. ‘The beating of the heart stops only quite a while 
after the respiration ceases. On autopsy the right auricle and 
ventricle, also the pulmonary artery, contain large quantities of 
air; in fact, in dogs and horses, and sometimes in rabbits, air 
bubbles can be found in the left heart, which proves that the air 
can pass even through the capillary system. The absorption 
of the air is also accomplished quite fast and in large quantities, 
which is proved by the experiments of Muron and Laborde. 
They administered in one and one-half hours, into the veins of 
a dog 1120 c.cm. of air without any marked ill effects. Accord- 
ing to Richter, the cause of death is the air embolism of the 
pulmonary artery, to which cerebral anzemia joins, and is fol- 
lowed by a cessation in respiration. It is not excluded that in 
some cases embolisms are produced in the vessels of the brain 
and heart ; however, these are rare occurrences.—(Arch. 7, Wiss. 
u. prakt. Thierh.) 

CurRING ‘TUBERCULOSIS.—According to reports of foreign 
daily papers, Professor Guiseppe Levi discovered a successful 
treatment for tuberculosis, which consists in injecting the allo- 
tropic iodine solution subcutaneously ; explaining that in this 
form the iodine exercises all its antiseptic properties ; not so with 
the regular iodine, which when coming in contact with blood 
loses almost all these properties. As the experiments conducted 
at the abattoir at Milan proved highly satisfactory, this method 
is now tried on people. According to the information, after 
30-50 injections the broken down lung tissues are replaced by 
new tissues and cicatrization takes place. In this way complete 
recovery is accomplished. G. Levi is of the Milano Veterinary 
High School, in charge of the intern clinic, and he is the origi- 
nator of the administrations of medicines intratracheally. 


SECRETARY W. H. GRIBBLE, of the Ohio State Veterinary 
Medical Association, Washington, C. H., has just recovered from 
a painful attack of carbunculus, affecting the right axillary re- 
gion, there being four successive crops of the phlegmons. 


490 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


FRIEDBERGER AND FROHNER’S VETERINARY PATHOLOGY (Authorized translation). 
Translated and Edited by M. H. Hayes, F. R. C. V. S. (author of ‘* Points of the 
Horse,’’ etc.) With Notes on Bacteriology by G. Newman, D. P. H. Chicago: 
W, T. Keener & Co., go Wabash Avenue. 

Last year Messrs. Keener & Co. put forth Volume I of Cap- 
tain Hayes’ authorized translation of the famous work of Fried- 
berger and Frohner, and it met with a hearty reception. Before 
Volume II was completed the author died, and Mr. John Dun- 
stan, M. R. C. V. S., professor of surgery and therapeutics in 
the Royal (Dick) Veterinary College, completed the task mak- 
ing additions and corrections where recent discoveries have 
made it necessary. Volume I is devoted to ‘‘ Infective Diseases,” 
embracing all those affections of domestic animals which are 
deemed transmissible by infection and contagion. Dr. New- 
man’s chapter on ‘‘ Bacteriology ” is very comprehensive and will 
be found of great service to readers who have never studied the 
subject, being in the nature of a primer, and giving enough plain 
bacteriological information to enable one to understand the ref- 
erences to this subject in the text of the book or in general 
modern medical literature. To many veterinarians who secured 
their education before the subject was generally taught in vet- 
erinary colleges, this chapter of Dr. Newman’s will be found 
very enlightening. To this volume Captain Hayes has contrib- 
uted an ‘‘addenda,” embracing ‘“‘surra,”’ ‘tsetse fly disease,” 
““ South African horse sickness,” ‘“‘ diseases conveyed by ticks,” 
“ulcerative lymphangitis,” with ‘‘ notes on epizootic lymphan- 
gitis.” In this chapter the most recent advancement in the 
study of these diseases is incorporated, and the reader will be 
placed in possession of all that is known in regard to these try- 
panosomes. ‘Thefourth and concluding chapter of this volume 
is a concise résumé of the terms ‘ infection” and ‘conta- 
gion” as applied to the means of transmitting “infective dis- 
eases.”’ 

Volume II treats of ‘“‘ Non-Infective Diseases,” and takes up 
in successive chapters, diseases of the organs of digestion, of the 
cesophagus, of the stomach (very exhaustive), of the liver, of the 
peritoneum, of the spleen, sexual organs, heart and large blood- 
vessels, skin diseases, diseases of the locomotory organs, trich- 
inosis in swine, the measles of domestic animals, Miescher’s 
tubes or Rainey’s corpuscles, diseases of the nervous system, of 
the spinal cord and its membranes, diseases of the peripheral 


a ie ae eal 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 491 
nerves, with an appendix, diseases of the respiratory system, of 
the accessory cavities of the nose, of the larynx, of the trachea 
and bronchi, of the lungs, of the pleura, and an appendix to the 
chapters on diseases of the respiratory organs. 

Friedberger and Frohner’s Pathology has been standard in 
the literature of Germany, France and America for some years, 
its translation by Zuill in this country having had great popu- 
larity, while the present edition is the first translation in Eng- 
land. This work of Captain Hayes is without question the 
most pretentious effort of his active career and has been accom- 
plished with the greatest regard to detail, and a test of the in- 
dex proves that there is scarcely a subject which has not been 
thoroughly considered, yet not in that painfully laborious fash- 
ion which requires the reader to read page after page to get the 
milk out of the cocoanut. It is concise and direct in its state- 
ments, yet sufficiently elaborate to include essentials. 

We are informed by the American publishers, Messrs. 
Keener & Co., of Chicago, that the first volume met with such 
a ready sale that a second edition had to be speedily gotten out, 
and surely Volume II is in every way its equal, though for the 
purposes of the practitioner it excels it in all respects. 

Well printed on good paper, it is a work that should be in 
the hands of every veterinarian who is jealous of a library of 
the best that has been produced in any land. 


AT a meeting of the New Jersey State Board of Veterinary 
Medical Examiners held at the State House, Trenton, June 27th, 
1905, Dr. T. Earle Budd, of Orange, N. J., was elected Treas- 
urer of the Board. 

WITH veterinary practice at high-water mark, and medical 
science developing with the stride of a giant, taxing the alert- 
ness of the best to keep in touch with the progress of the age, is 
it unreasonable for the REVIEW to predict the largest attendance 
on record at the A. V. M. A. annual meeting this month? 

LAMENT OF THE Cow.—A lady who complained to her 
milkman of the quality of milk he sold her received the follow- 
ing explanation: ‘‘ You see, mum, they don’t get enough grass 
feed this time o’ year. Why, them cows o’ mine are just as sorry 
about itasI am. I often see ’em cryin’—regular cryin’, mum 
—because they feel as how their milk don’t do’em credit. Don’t 
you believe it, mum?” ‘Oh, yes, I believe it,” responded the 
customer ;—“ but I wish in future you’d see that they don’t drop 
their tears into our can.” 


492 COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. 


COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. 


CHICAGO VETERINARY COLLEGE. 


The twenty-first annual commencement exercises of the Chi- 
cago Veterinary College were held in the College Auditorium, 
on Wednesday evening, March 29th, 1905, aud the degree of 
Doctor of Comparative Medicine was conferred on the following 
gentlemen: Carl Henry Affeld, Marquette, Wis. ; George A. Al- 
bery, Canton, Ia.; John August Anderson, Lake Park, Minn. ; 
Harry C. Barth, Freeport, Ill.; Edwin W. Barthold, Fort Wayne, 
Ind.; Geo. Henry Baxter, Wilsonville, Neb.; Stehman S. 
Becker, Manheim, Pa.; Elwin B. Bennett, Jr., Chicago, III. ; 
John A. Berg, Shubert, Neb. ; Albert A. Biebel, Belleville, Ill. ; 
F. E. Brazie, Harlan, Ia.;- 1. P’ Brewster, Vermillion; Sage 
Horace M. Britt, La Harpe, Ill.; Charles A. Bucklew, Dallas, 
Ia.; Henry F. Burt, Adams, Mass.; Wm. F. Betzold, Newark, 
N. J.; Geo. L. Cade, Galilee, Pa. ; Harry Caldwell, Peoria, Ill. ; 
Carl Cozier, Oakesdale, Wash. ; Chas. Ed. Crowe, Chicago, I11.; 
George Hoadley Daughtrey, Mount Eaton, O.; Samuel Austin 
Deming, Norwich, N. Y.; Martin D. De ‘Turck, Oley, 
Pa.; Walter S. Drummond, Argos, Ind.; Harry Dumbauld, 
Emporia, Kan.; Will R. Edwards, Vicksburg, Miss. ; Fred. 
J. Erdell, Frankfort, Ind.; Geo. Wm. Evert, Galena, II1. ; 
Archibald Lamont Faunce, Chicago, Ill.; Joseph Henry 
Faust, St. Louis, Mo.; Fred. J. Fawcett, Princeton, III. ; 
Frank J. Fess, Chicago, Ill.; Reed Kilgore Francis, Hilliard, 
O.; Harry H. Freed, Scranton, Pa.; Charles Edward Fidler, 
Canton, I]]l.; Frank L. Gardner, Jamestown, Ind.; Geo. Wm. 
Giese, Neola, Ia.; Robert Fred. Gittings, Terre Haute, Ill. ; 
Henry Joseph Glennon, Newark, N. J.; Gilbert G. Goodrich, 
Lake Park, Minn. ; John William Gray, Salt Lake City, Utah; 
Hubert H. Harz, Chicago, Ill.; Fred. H. Hasenmiller, Dixon, 
Ia.; Louis P. Helm, Baraboo, Wis.; J. William Hull, Chicago, 
Ill.; Benjamin F. Kimball, Pana, Ill.; Leon J. J. Kutzenberger, 
Godfrey, Il].; Louis N. Larson, Howard, S. D.; Michael Law- 
ler, Chicago, Il].; Newton G. Le Gear, V. S., Waco, Tex.; Al- 
vin O. Lundell, Goldfield, Ia.; Fred De Witt Markham, V. S., 
Port Leyden, N. Y.; Frank Vankirk Matthews, McKeesport, 
Pa.; Henry Jacob Mau, Herscher, Ill.; Dominic Benjamin 
Mazza, Santa Rosa, Cal.; W. H. McLain, Ames, Ia.; Andrew 
S. Morris, Glendola, N. J.; Dawson C. Murdock, Carroll, Ia. 
J. Whitmore Murphy, Lincoln, Il].; Wm. Ed. Von Nordheim, 


COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. 493 


Glenville, Neb. ; Clyde B. Oldaker, Iowa City, Ia.; Horace C. 
Peapody, Webster, S. D.; Henry F. Potratz, Chicago, Ill. ; G. 
Mahon Predmore, Avon, Ill.; Lewis J. Proper, Bonaparte, Ia. ; 
Walter G. Raabe, Chicago, Ill.; Theo. W. Riddell, Columbus, 
O.; Frank Rigdon, Wapakoneta, O.; H. M. Rinehart, Colches- 
ter, Ill.; J. Arthur Royce, Lincoln, Neb. ; L. W. Russell, Des 
Moines, Ia.; Vic. L. Schaeffer, Fleetwood, Pa.; Wm. Alb. 
Schaffter, Wooster, O.; Wm. A. Scott, V. S., Baxter Springs, 
Kan, ; John F. Seiter, Chicago, Ill.; Henry C. Singer, Pana, 
Ill.; Wm. D. Staples, Goodwater, Ala.; Wm. H. Stephenson, 
Apple River, Wis. ; Earl F. Stewart, Jamestown, O.; Ed. M. 
Sullivan, Milwaukee, Wis. ; Robt. C. Swallow, Fort Collins, 
Col.; Leo. G. Stickney, Janesville, Wis. ; Jas. A. Thom, Mil- 
burn, Ill. ; Geo. E. Thomas, Seneca, Ill.; David Lee Travis, 
Pana, Ill.; Wm. C. Van Allstyne, Walcott, N. Y.; Clarence F. 
Ward, Norwalk, O.; Wm. H. Weathers, McNabb, Ill.; Jesse H. 
White, Farmington, Ill.; David A. Willey, Jr., Chicago, Ill. ; 
Jos. Clark, Wingert, Reynoldsburg, O.; Geo. W. Wolaver, Jr., 
Edinburg, Ill.; Jerry Wolfe, Lost Nation, Ia. The following 
were the prize winners : 

For highest general average, gold medal, Dr. G. M. Pred- 
more; for highest standing in theory and practice, gold medal, 
Dr. H. F. Potratz ; for highest standing in anatomy, gold medal, 
Dr. G. G. Goodrich ; for highest standing in surgery, gold medal, 
Dr. T. W. Riddell; for highest standing in cattle pathology, 
gold medal, Dr. F. J. Erdell ; for highest standing in materia 
medica, prize, Dr. W. R. Edwards; for highest standing in den- 
tistry, prize, Dr. G. M. Predmore ; for highest standing in phys- 
lology, prize, Dr. F. B. Matthews; for highest standing in meat 
and milk inspection, prize, Dr. A. L. Faunce; for highest stand- 
ing in parasitology, prize, Dr. F. D. Markham; for highest 
standing in canine and feline pathology, prize, Dr. W. C. Van 
Allstyne; for highest standing in pathology and bacteriology, 
prize, Dr. A. O. Lundell; for highest standing in microscopy, 
prize, Dr. N. G. LeGear ; for highest standing in lameness and 
shoeing, prize, Dr. W. R. Edwards; for highest standing in 


_ chemistry, prize, Dr. J. H. White. 


PEARSON AND GILLILAND on ‘Immunization of Cattle 
against Tuberculosis’? will be history making. Their experi- 
ments have progressed sufficiently for some definite statements. 
You can read their paper in the REVIEW, but you cannot seethe 
illustrative pathological exhibits unless you go to Cleveland. 


494 CORRESPONDENCE. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


SPANISH VETERINARY LITERATURE—REPLY TO DR. SCHU- 
MACHER. 
WASHINGTON, D..C., July 14, 1905. 


Editors American Veterinary Review : 

DEAR Sirs :—Replying to the note of Mr. Schumacher in 
the current number of the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, in 
which he requests the names of several Spanish veterinary jour- 
nals; I beg to inform you of the following: Gaceta de Medicina 
Zoologica, Director, Arturo Menéndez, Ronda de Atocha 15, 
Madrid, Spain; Za Veterinaria Espaiola, Director, D. Benito 
Remartinez y Diaz, Jesus y Maria, 223 izquieida, Madrid, 
Spain. Very respectfully, D. E. SALMON, 

Chief of Bureau of Animal Industry, 


* 
* *K 


SANTIAGO DE LAS VEGAS, CUBA, July 17, 1905. 


Editors American Veterinary Review : 

DEAR SrRS:—Replying to Dr. Schumacher’s request in 
your July issue for a veterinary journal in the Spanish lan- 
guage, I would refer him to Za Veterinaria Espanola, “a peri- 
odical,” as the title page says, ‘‘consecrated to the defense of 
the rights and interests of the Spanish veterinary class.” It is 
published on the rst, roth and 30th of each month by the Di- 
rector, D. Benito Remartinez y Diaz calle Jest y Marie, 223, 
izquierda, Madrid, Spain. The foreign price is 18 pesetas per 
year (about $2.70 American currency). It can be ordered 
- through G. E. Stechert, No. 9 East 16th Street, New York. 

N. S. MAyo. 


THE TREATMENT OF SEPTIC METRITIS—REPLY TO DR. WESTON. 
NEWMAN GROVE, NEB., July II, 1905. 


Editors American Veterinary Review ; 

DEAR SiRS:—I see an enquirer through the REVIEW wishes 
treatment for septic metritis. If he will try the following treat- 
ment he will meet with some success: After either colt or calf 
is delivered give extract of ergot 3j and spirits of glonine 
Tl|xxx, at once; leave three doses of ergot and glonine, 120 to 
30, every three hours, or as required. When you are called to 
a case of septic metritis use ergot, drachm doses, every hour, in 


CORRESPONDENCE. 495 


alternation with echinace, ™20. Wash uterus with creolin, 
31, warm milk Ci. Do not use water. I have been very suc- 
cessful with this treatment. I should think the normal saline 
solution, from what I have read in the REVIEW, would be the 
proper treatment, but I have been successful with this; also, 
where prolapsus of the uterus has taken place, after washing 
thoroughly with this solution and using ergot and glonine. 
HuGH THOMSON. 


THE CURATIVE USE OF MALLEIN CONDEMNED BY MINNESOTA 
VETERINARIANS. 


The following preamble, resolution, and recommendation 
adopted at the July meeting of the Minnesota State Veterinary 
Medical Association are self-explanatory, and constitute a valu- 
able contribution to the discussion which has been encouraged 
by this journal with the object of standardizing professional 
opinion upon a vital subject that has occupied such a chaotic 
position among veterinarians generally : 


“WHEREAS, The attention of the Minnesota State Veteri- 
nary Medical Association has been called (through the medium 
of a circular sent out by the Pasteur Vaccine Co.) to the cura- 
tive properties of mallein in glanders, be and it is hereby 

“ Resolved, ‘That we, the Minnesota State Veterinary Medi- 
cal Association, hereby denounce all such suggestions and 
recommendations made by such Pasteur Vaccine Co. as being 
misleading and detrimental to the veterinary profession and also 
interfering with the State control of glanders as existing in this 
State; and, we hereby 

“ Recommend, That all members of the Minnesota State 
Veterinary Medical Society, if any such have been misled by 
such advertisement into using mallein as a curative agent shall 
hereafter desist from using the same, inasmuch as it is detri- 
mental and dangerous, and it is not to be recommended in prac- 
tice. 


“ MINNESOTA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 
“« Per J. G. Annand, Secretary.’ 


KANSAS City is already in the field for the 1906 meeting of 
the A. V. M.A. It is acentrally located, interesting city, with 
large abattoirs, and full of good associationists, and plenty of 
timber out of which to make acceptable new members. 


496 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 
PHILADELPHIA, PA., July 24, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review - 

DEAR SirS:—The following is the programme for the 
forty-second annual meeting of the American Veterinary Medi- 
cal Association to be held in Cleveland, Ohio, August 15th to 
18th, 1905, as arranged by the Committee on Programme: 

Headquarters.—The headquarters of the Association will be 
at the Hollenden Hotel, corner Superior and Bond Streets. 
American and European plans. Rooms $1.00 and upward per 
day. Cafe giving excellent service at moderate rates. Good 
restaurants in immediate vicinity. 

Hotel Euclid,cor- ner Euclidand Brow- 
nell Streets ; rate same as Hollenden 
Hotel. 

Colonial Hotel, 
Erie Street; rooms 
American plan. 

Forest City Ho- 
Street and Public 
per day. 

American House, 
posite Bank Street ; 


Prospect Street near 
$2 to $3.50 per day; 


tel, corner Superior 
Square; $2 to $3.50 


Superior Street, op- 
$2 to $3.50 per day. 

The Local Com- mittee will have a 
list of other hotels and boarding houses 
in which rooms may M. E. KNOWLES. be obtained if de- 
sired. 

Reservation should be made in advance. This can be done 
by writing to the hotels or to Dr. C. W. Eddy, Secretary of the 
Local Committee, 1275 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, O. The 
Local Committee advises that as many as possible patronize the 
headquarters hotel. 

Place of Meeting.—The sessions will be held in the Assem- 
bly Room of the Hollenden Hotel, corner Superior and Bond 
Streets. 

Special Committee Meetings.—Monday, August 14, 1905: 
Executive Committee at 10.00 A. M.; Publication Committee at 
4.00 P. M. 


PATHOLOGICAL EXHIBIT. 
The State Live Stock Sanitary Board of Pennsylvania will 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 497 


make an exhibit of a 
| collection of specimens 
showing the lesions of 
| tuberculosis in various 
| domestic and _labora- 
tory animals. This col- 
lection has been select- 
ed with great care and © 
will be a marked fea- 
ture of the meeting. 
| Numerous pathological 
specimens and _ photo- 
graphs of such speci- 
mens will also be ex- 
of the Association. 
nection with the pa- 
will give our mem- 


E. M. RANCK. 


GEORGE R. YOUNG. 


hibited by members 
This exhibit in con- 
pers and discussions 


bers an unusual op- 
themselves with the 
in the study of sub- 
ance. Specimens 
Hollenden House, in 
Shepard, and at the 
Shepard should be 


dressed to his office 


Cleveland, O. 


PROGRAMME. 
August 


8.00 A. M. 


10.00 A. M. 
tion assembles. 


J. G. RUTHERFORD. 


mittee. 


Associa- | 


portunity toacquaint 
great advances made 
jects of great import- 
should be sent to the 
eare ol, Dre Boa i: 
time of sending Dr. 
notified by letter ad- 
at 1850 Doan Street, 


First Day, Tuesday, 


E55 1905: 


Meeting of 
Executive Com- | 


Address of Wel- ‘aaa 


come — Hon. a 
Tom L. John- | 


son, Mayor of BG 


Cleveland. 


Response —Dr. 


GEORGE W. DUNPHY. 


Roscoe R. Bell, '@ 


of New York. 
President’s address 


RICHARD P. LYMAN, 


498 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


Roll-call. 
Submission of the minutes of the previous meeting 
as presented in the annual report and in the rec- 
ords kept by the Secretary. 
Unfinished business. 
Report of Executive Committee. 
Admission of new members. 
Reports of the Regular Commit- 
tees : — Intel- ligence and Educa- 
tion, Diseases, Finance, Publica- 
tien, Local Arrangements, Ne- 


crology, Reso- lutions. 
12.00 Noon. Ad- journment. 
2.00 P. M.  Asso- ciation assembles. 

Reports of Spec- ial Committees : 
Army Legis- lation. 

Report of Sec- retary. 

Report of Treas- aids urer. 

JOHN J. REPP 


Reports of Resi- dent Secretaries. 
Discussion of Reports. 
Election of Officers. 

5.00P. M. Adjournment. 

8.00 P. M. Reception to all members and visitors in the parlors 


of the Hollenden Hotel. 


Second Day, Wednesday, August 16, 1905. 


10.00 A. M. Association assembles. 
Reports of Committees. 


PAPERS AND DISCUSSIONS. 


“ Tuberculosis, ” Dr. John Ds oe 
chene, Quebec, Can- |iaaEEEEER ma] ada. 

“The Pathology of Tuberculosis,” Dr. 
Chas. Schulin, Bill- ings, Mont. 

“Unusual Le- sions of Tuberculo- 
sis Found in Abat- toir Inspection,” Dr. 
Re Ee Hattrisons St: Paul, Minn. 

“The Immuniza- tion of Cattle 
Against Tuberculo- sis,” Dr. leona 
Pearson, Philadel- phia, Pa., and Dr. S. 
H. Gilliland, Phila- delphia, Pa. 

“Swamp Fever of. the Horse De 
A. Youngberg, De- 4 troit, Minn. 

- “A Contribution W. H. LOWE. to the Study of Epi- 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 499 


zootic Abortion,” Dr. Louis A. Klein, Clemson College, S. C., 
and Dr. Haven Metcalf, Clemson College, S. C. 
12.00 Noon. Adjournment. 
2.00 P. M. Association assembles. 
“The History of Meat and Milk Inspection in Montana,” 
Dr. T. J. Sullivan, Butte, Montana. 
““Meat and Milk Inspection Under Federal and State Con- 
trol,” Prof. Robt. Ostertag, Berlin, Germany. 
‘Some Poisonous Plants in Utah,” Dr. E. V. Wilcox, 
Washington, D. C. 
““Negri Bodies and the Diagnosis of Rabies,” Dr. Langdon 
Frothingham, Boston, Mass. 
“Stable Ventilation,” Dr. M. H. Reynolds. 
Subject not given, Prof. K. Tsuno, Tokio, Japan. 
Subject not given, Dr. J. Desmond, Adelaide, So. Aus- 
tralia. 
5.00 P. M. Adjournment. 
8.00 Pp. M. Association assembles. 
Reports of Committees. 


PAPERS AND DISCUSSIONS. 


‘‘Spavin Group of Lameness, Dr. W. L. Williams, Ithaca, 
Rie re. WwW. Pisher, San Mateo, Cal., and Dr. D. H. Udall, 
Columbus, Ohio. 

‘“Tenotomies of the Horse,” Dr. James A. Waugh, Pittsburg, 
Pa. 

‘“‘ Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Fibromas,” Dr. R. P. Lyman, 
Hartford, Conn., and Dr. C. L. Colton, Hartford, Conn. 

“Technique of Nerve Suturing in Roaring,” Dr. Simon J. 
J. Harger, Philadelphia, Pa. 

‘“* Neurectomies of the Pelvic Limb,’”’ Dr. R. C. Moore, Kan- 
sas City, Mo. 

“ Accidents and Sequel of Surgical Operations,” Dr. L. A. 
Merillat, Chicago, II. 
10.00 Pp. M. Adjournment. 


Third Day, Thursday, August 17, 1905. 


10.00 A. M. Association assembles. 

““General Remarks on Veterinary Therapeutics,” Dr. E. L. 
Quitman, Chicago, III. 

Pues status of Therapeutics,’ Dr. P. A. Fish, Ithaca, 
i re 

‘Adrenalin Chloride and its Uses in Veterinary Practice,” 


500 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


Dr. G. W. Dunphy, Quincy, Mich. 
‘“* Never Slips,” Dr. Francis Abele, Quincy, Mass. 
‘“* Hydrothorax,” Dr. Geo. B. Jones, Sidell, Ill. — 
“Clinical Examination of the Blood of the Dog,” Dr. S. H. 
Burnett, Ithaca, N. Y., and Dr. Jacob Traum, Ithaca, N. Y. 
‘““Twenty-seven Years’ Veterinary Experience,” Dr. J. V. 
Newton, Toledo, Ohio. 
Subject not given, Dr. J. W. Adams, Philadelphia, Pa. 
‘The Profession and the Advancement of Science,” Dr. D. 
Arthur Hughes, East St. Louis, Il. 
12.00 Noon. Adjournment. 


Fourth Day, Friday, August 18, 1905. 
9.00 A. M.—SURGICAL AND MEDICAL CLINIC. 

The clinic will be held at Troop A Riding Academy, corner 
of Curtis and Willson Avenues, which is about twenty minutes 
ride from headquarters. The building is in many ways ideal 
for clinical purposes. Seats will be arranged so that all may 
see and hear. 

The Wade Park Avenue line of cars which passes the Hol- 
lenden Hotel, going east, is the only direct line to the riding 
academy where the clinic will be held. By transferring from 
any of the eastbound cars to the Willson Avenue line the clinic 
can be reached from any of the hotels in about 20 minutes. 

The Committee on Local Arrangements have secured many 
cases requiring surgical operation for relief and numerous med- 
ical cases for diagnosis and treatment. 

The following well-known surgeons expect to be present to 
demonstrate some useful operation: Drs. M. H. McKillip, Chi- 
cago, Il].; Simon J. J. Harger, Philadelphia, Pa.; W. L. Wil- 
liams, Ithaca, N. Y.; L.A. Meritlat, Chicage, Ml: ; Ro Pay 
man, Hartford, Conn. ; S. Brenton, Detroit, Mich. 


ENTERTAINMENT. 


It is the ambition of the Local Committee to make this meet- 
ing an occasion of genuine pleasure as well as one of professional 
labor. They have planned a reception for all members and vis- 
itors, to be held in the parlors of the Hollenden Hotel on Tues- 
day evening, at 8.00 P. M. 

Wednesday: Park ride and street car trips about city for 
ladies and children. 

Thursday: Lake ride on the steamer Czty of Erie from 2.00 
P.M. to 5.00 Pp. M. All members, visitors and their friends are 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 501 


included in this excursion. Banguetat the Hollenden House at 
7.30 P. M. 

Friday: 2.00 Pp. M. to 5.00 P. M. a car ride to interesting 
points about the city. 


TRANSPORTATION, 


I. The Eastern Canadian, the New England, the Trunk Line 
and the Central Passenger Association have granted an excur- 
sion rate, certificate plan, providing for one full first-class, limit- 
ed or unlimited, fare going, and one-third fare returning over 
the same route, provided 100 or more persons holding certificates 
properly viseed are at the meeting. It is almost a certainty 
that the Western Passenger Association has also granted the same 
rate. What action will be taken by the Southwestern, the 
Southeastern and the Western Canadian Passenger Association 
is yet in doubt, but it is hoped that they will comply with the 
reqnest for a special rate of fare. 

2. Those living outside the territory in which these conces- 
sions are made should. purchase a ticket to the nearest point 
-within the territory, and there purchase a ticket to Cleveland 
and take a certificate therefor. 

3. Do not make the mistake of asking for a receipt. Ask 
for a certificate. 

4. Those living in the vicinity of Cleveland should bear in 
mind that a certificate will be of no value unless the going fare 
is above fifty cents. 

5. No reduced return fare can be obtained by those who fail 
to obtain certificates. 

6. Tickets for the going journey may be obtained as early as 
three days (Sunday excluded) before the first day of the meeting 
and during the first two days of the meeting. Tickets for the 
return journey must be purchased within three days (Sunday 
excluded) after the last day of the meeting. The various pas- 
senger associations regard August 14th as the opening and Aug- 
ust 18th as the closing day. Therefore gozwg tickets can be 
purchased as early as August roth and return tickets as late as 
August 22d. 

7. Present yourself at the depot for purchase of ticket with 
certificate at least thirty minutes before advertised time of de- 
parture of train. Certificates are not kept at all stations. 
If your local agent does not keep certificates, he can tell 
you where one may be obtained. You can then purchase 
a ticket to the office where certificates are kept and there 


502 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


purchase a through ticket to Cleveland and obtain a certificate 
for it. 

8. On your arrival at Cleveland hand your certificate to Dr. 
C. W. Eddy, Secretary of the Local Committee, who will see 
that it is properly certified by the joint agent. The joint agent 
will be present at the meeting only on August 16th and 17th, 
so the certificates should get into the hands of Dr. Eddy prior to 
fioon on August 17th, or, at latest, by 3.00 Pp. M.on thatday. There 
is always some difficulty about the return of the certificates to 
their owners because of the difficulty in finding the owners. It 
is requested that each person who hands a certificate to Dr. 
Eddy may come to him for it before the expiration of the meet- 
ing. 
g.' Certificates are mot transferable. A transfer aioe 
misuse of a certificate or ticket will forfeit all privileges 
granted. 

10. The Secretary has guaranteed that the Association will 
redeem at full fares any return tickets procured by persons in 
attendance at this meeting that may be found to have been 
transferred, misused or offered for sale. 

It will be seen from the foregoing that a programme of un- 
usual interest has been arranged. There is a great variety of 
subjects and almost all lines of veterinary work are represented. 
Certain it is that all who are desirous of broadening their view 
of professional work will find an abundance to satisfy them. 
The Local Committee has aimed high in preparing for the clin- 
ical lectures and demonstrations. That their efforts will be 
crowned with success and that the clinic will be worthy of our 
Association can not be doubted. 

Those veterinarians who are not members are cordially in- 
vited to attend the meeting, as are also their friends and fam- 
ilies and the friends and families of the members. The pleas- 
ures and benefits of the meetings have in the past been greatly 
enhanced by the presence of the ladies and children and it is 
desired that the custom of bringing them may continue and 
grow. 

The annual meeting of the Association is the great holli- 
day-time for veterinarians, something they look forward to and 
plan for throughout the entire year. It is hoped that neither 
business nor misfortune will deprive any of the energizing and 
inspiring influence of the Cleveland meeting. 

Respectfully, 
JOHN J. REPP, Secretary. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 503 


VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF NEW 
JERSEY. 


For the first time in the history of the Veterinary Medical 
Association of New Jersey members and guests were invited to 
bring ladies and other members of their families with them to 
the semi-annual meeting of the Association at Washington Park, 
N. J., July 13th and 14th, 1905. Those who took advantage of 
the opportunity were Dr. James M. Mecray, wife, daughter and 
son, Maple Shade, N.J.; Dr. Chas. E. Magill, Haddonfiid, N. J., 
and mother; Dr. B. K. Baldwin, Newark. N. J., and mother ; 
Dr. L. P. Hurley and wife, Hopewell, N. J. ; Dr. Samuel Christy 
and wife, Elmer, N. J.; Dr. Chas. J. Marshall, of Philadelphia, 
wife and Miss Stoot; Dr. W. Horace Hoskins and wife, of Phil- 
adelphia; Dr. George Evans Reading (M. D.) and wife, of Wood- 
bury, N. J.; Dr. James Hunter, Jr. (M. D.), and wife, of West- 
ville, N. J., the two last named gentlemen being delegates from 
the Gloucester County Medical Society; Dr. T. B. Rogers and 
sons, Woodbury, N. J.; Dr. John B. Hopper and wife, Ridge- 
wood, N. J.; Dr. Wm. Herbert Lowe and wife, Paterson, N. J. 

The Association convened July 13th at 11.30 A. M., with Pres- 
ident T. Earle Budd, of Orange, N. J., in the chair. 

Members present :—Baldwin, Budd, Christy, Dilkes, Fetter, 
Forsyth, Harker, Hopper (John B.), Hurley, Horner, Loblein, 
Lowe (Wm. Herbert), Lowe (J. Payne), Magill, Mecray, McCoy, 
Rogers, Smith (T. E.) and Vander Roest. 

Others present -—Dr. W. L.. Williams, Professor of Surgery 
and Obstetrics, N. Y. State Veterinary College, Cornell Univer- 
sity, Ithaca, N. Y.; Dr. John W. Adams, Professor of Surgery 
and Obstetrics, Veterinary Department, University of Pennsyl- 
vania, Philadelphia, Pa.; Dr. W. Horace Hoskins, former Pres- 
ident American Veterinary Medical Association, Philadelphia ; 
Drs. Chas. J. Marshall, M. W. Drake and N. M. Drake, all of 
Philadelphia ; Dr. Otto G. Noack, Reading, Pa.; Dr. Thomas 
J. Mahaffy, Wilmington, Delaware ; Drs. Grover and Krey, of 
New York; Hon. Franklin Dye, Secretary New Jersey State 
Board of Agriculture, Trenton, N.J.; A. Liautard Rogers, Esq., 
Counsel New Jersey State Board of Veterinary Medical Exam- 
mets, Woodbury, N. J.; Dr. W. B. Hille, Salem, N. J.; Dr. 
Bassett Kirby, Woodbury, N. J.; Dr. Carroll T. Rogers, Wood- 
bury, N. J.; Dr. J. Ellis Paulin, Glassboro, N. J.; Dr. Ralph 
L. Clements, Haddonfield, N. J.; Dr. Oscar Nelson, Woodcliffe, 
N. J.; Messrs. Chas. Grauch and Thos. Kelly, veterinary stud- 


o04 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


ents, University of Pennsylvania; Mr. J. H. Phelon, the Nor- 
wich Pharmacal Co., Norwich, N. Y.; Dr. H. L. Wignall (M. 
D.), Washington Park, N. J.; Dr. George Evans Reading (M. 
D.), Woodbury, N. J., and Dr. James Hunter, Jr. (M. D.), West- 
ville, N. J., the last two gentlemen being delegates from the 
Gloucester County Medical Society, and Hon. John Boyd Avis, 
Woodbury, N. J., Speaker of the House of Assembly, New Jer- 
sey Legislature. 

The credentials of Drs. Geo. E. Reading, Luther W. Halsey 
and James Hunter, Jr., as delegates from the Gloucester Coun- 
ty Medical Society, were accepted, as was that of Dr. Richard 
Cole Newton (M. D.), of Montclair, N. J., duly appointed delegate 
of The Medical Society of New Jersey. 

The Secretary presented letters from the following gentle- 
men: Dr. Edward B. Voorhees, Director New Jersey Agricultu- 
ral Experiment Station, New Brunswick, N. J.; Dr. Henry 
Mitchell, Secretary New Jersey State Board of Health, Trenton, 
N. J.; and Ex-Governor David O. Watkins, Trenton, N. J., 
Commissioner of Banking and Insurance, State of New Jersey. 


MINUTES APPROVED. 


On motion the minutes of the January meeting, as published 
in the AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW, February, 1905, were 
approved and the reading of the same dispensed with. 


NEW MEMBERS PROPOSED. 

The following gentlemen were proposed for membership : 
H. 'G.- Black, V. M..D.,°U. of P., Hammonton, N: J... Basser 
Kirby, V. M. D., U. of P.. Woodbury, N. J.; J. Ellis Paulin, V. 
S., registered practitioner, Glassboro, N.J.; Carroll T. Rogers, 
V. M. D., U. of P., Woodbury, N. J. Their applications were 
duly referred to the Executive Committee. 


REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 


Executive Committee.—Chairman Loblein reported that his 
committee had held two meetings since the annual meeting, 
one in Newark and the other in Camden, the special business 
of both meetings being one of cooperation with the Local Com- 
mittee of Arrangements insuring the success of the Washington 
Park meeting. 

Public Health Committee.—Dr. Mecray reported progress. 

Animal Industry Committee.—Secretary read report from 
Chairman Pope. 

Legislation Commitice.—Chairman Lowe reported progress. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 505 


Finance Committee.—Report by Dr. J. Payne Lowe, Chair- 
man. 

Publication Committee.—Report by Secretary. 

Press Commuttee.—Report by President. 

Prosecution Committee.—Chairman T. E. Smith reported in 
regard to the Hafers and Barnett cases. Dr. Smith stated that 
the Committee had been given to understand that Hafers intended 
going to a recognized three-year college next fall and of com- 
plying with the conditions of the State Board of Veterinary 
Medical Examiners. Therefore the Committee recommended 
that Hafers be given this opportunity. In the Barnett case the 
Committee reported progress. Report adopted and Committee 
continued. 

Local Committee of Arrangements.—Report made by Chair- 
man T. B. Rogers showing that everything had been done by 
the Committee for the comfort and entertainment of members 
and guests. 

REPORTS OF DELEGATES. 

Dr. Hurley reported briefly the great meeting of the Penn- 
sylvania State Veterinary Medical Association at Philadelphia 
last March. 

Dr. Smith gave a fallacious report of the exhibition of wo- 
men and horses at the National Horse Show, Madison Square 
Garden, N. Y. A member asked Dr. Smith whether he was re- 
porting the 1904 or the 1905 show, which was the signal for an 
outburst of laughter. 

Dr. Vander Roest reported the Hollywood, Long Branch, 
Horse Show in an interesting manner. 

NEW MEMBERS ELECTED. 

The Executive Committee reported favorably the names of 
Drs. Black, Kirby, Paulin and Carroll T. Rogers. Upon motion, 
the Secretary cast the ballot of the Association for their election. 
President Budd duly declared these gentlemen elected to mem- 
bership and appointed Dr. T. B. Rogers a committee to escort 
the new members before the Association for introduction. 

TREASURER’S REPORT. 
MAPLE SHADE, N. J., July 10, 1905. 


Receipis. 
Balance on hand Jan. rst, 1905 . $156.57 
Initiation fees four new members elected at the Jan- 
uary ee TOQOG i see, eet Ss Sore EEC RT 20.00 
mreseeliected .-..  . . 77-25 


506 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


Disbursements. 


Paid out Jane 22, ToO5R. 22. a Pe oe) eee ey 
lO We FOP! SO UEP aiid ih hip e eRe 28.83 
IAT tyes Se St Spee one ee We coe Seen 2250 
LCV Oo Sr ae er i ere ae iN ea WR She 2.75 
IPAceLSONBETESS) .. Uscctaa ane von gten Lan cree ae kan ee 10.75 
Ed. Sceery—floral piece (Millerfuneral)... ... 10.00 
Banese Bogert 6 0 ate 0S Bae Re eet ee eee 2.00 

79-33 

Gulyero; 1905;, Balance on,and) or: fee... whe eae 183.49 

$253.82 


Respectfully submitted, 
JAMES M. MEcRAy, 7veasurer. 


Upon motion, the Treasurer’s report was received and or- 
dered spread in full upon the minutes. 


DR. MILLER’S DEATH. 


The Secretary reported the death of Former President Wm. 
B. FE. Miller, which occurred at Hightstown, N. J., March 2, 
1905, and stated that a committee consisting of Drs. Albert 
Brown, of Hightstown; B. F. King, of Little Silver; Geo. F. 
Harker, of Trenton; John P. Mathews, of Princeton, and him- 
self, representing the Association, attended the funeral at 
Hightstown, March 4th, and that a suitable floral piece had 
been sent expressing the sympathy of the Association. 

President Budd appointed Drs. Wm. Herbert Lowe, Rogers 
and Harker a committee to draft suitable resolutions, who pre- 
sented the following : 

WHEREAS, In the death of Wm. B. E. Miller, D. V. S., at Hights- 
town, N. J., March 2, 1905, this Association loses one of its charter 
members and its second President, and 

WHEREAS, There was no more earnest, loyal and devoted member of 
this Association than Dr. Miller from the time of its inception in 1884 
until the day of his death, and 

WHEREAS, The members of this Association desire to place a testi- 
monial of their regard for him, and an appreciation of his labors in be- 
half of the upbuilding of the profession, on record in the archives of this 
Association ; therefore, be it 

Resolved, That a page be set apart to his memory and that these 
resolutions be inscribed thereon and that a copy of the same be sent to 
his family. Signed Wm. HERBERT LOWE, D. V.S. 

THos. B. RoGERS, D. V. S. 
Gro. F. HARKER, V. M. D. 


CLEVELAND, AUG. I5TH-I8TH. 


President Budd announced the forthcoming annual conven- 
tion of the American Veterinary Medical Association at Cleve- 


avy 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 507 


land, Ohio, Aug. 15th-18th, and expressed the hope that the 
profession of New Jersey would be well represented by a large 
attendance from this State. 

After the transaction of considerable routine business the 
Association adjourned at 1.30 Pp. M. for luncheon 


SAIL ON THE DELAWARE. 


At 2.30 P. M. members and guests took the steamer Co/um- 
bia for *‘ Fairyland” and enjoyed a delightful afternoon’s sail 
on the Delaware, passing the historic Red Bank battlefield, run- 
ning close under League Island and Fort Mifflin, Marcus Hook, 
etc., arriving back at Washington Park at 7 P. M. 


BANQUET. 


At 7.30 P. M. members and guests, including the ladies, en- 
joyed a banquet at Washington Park. At the conclusion of the 
banquet Hon. John Boyd Avis, Speaker of the House of Assem- 
bly, New Jersey Legislature, delivered a most hearty and cordial 
address of welcome to the Veterinary Medical Association of 
New Jersey to South Jersey, which was responded to by Dr. 
Wm. Herbert Lowe in behalf of the Association. President 
Budd acted as toastmaster and was very happy in his in- 
troduction. Among the other speakers were Dr. Williams, 
Cornell University; Dr. Adams, University of Pennsylvania ; 
Dr. Geo. HE. Reading (M. D.), Dr. James Hunter, Jr. (M. D.), 
Alex. Liautard Rogers, Esq., Dr. W. Horace Hoskins, Hon. 
Franklin Dye and Dr. T. E. Smith. The banqueters viewed 
with interest the special fountain display from the dining hall. 
Thus ended the festivities following the first day’s programme 
of the Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey. 


SECOND DAY’S SESSION. 


Meeting called to order at 9 A. M., July 14th, President T. 
Earle Budd in the chair. 


PAPERS READ. 


Papers as follows were read and discussed : 

1. “The Relation Between Human and Veterinary Medi- 
cine,” George Evans Reading, M. D., Woodbury, N. J. 

2. “The Live-Stock Interest of and Its Relation to Agri- 
culture and Veterinary Science,’’ Hon. Franklin Dye, Secre- 
tary State Board of Agriculture, Trenton, N. J. 

3. ““Canine Surgery,’ B. K. Baldwin, D. V.S., Newark, 
1 ee 


~ 


508 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


4. “Fungi Poisoning,” Wm. Herbert Lowe, D. V. S., Pater- 
son, N. J., and Frank R. Sandt, M. D., Paterson, N. J. 

5. ‘‘ Methods for Improvement in Veterinary Education,” 
T. B. Rogers, D. V. S., Woodbury, N. J. 

The discussion of these papers was most instructive and 
profitable. Among those who took part were Drs. Williams, 
Marshall, Budd, Baldwin, Noack, Vander Roest, Hoskins, Rog- 
ers and Adams. 

Dr. Leonard Pearson, State Veterinarian of Pennsylvania, 
was to have read a paper on ‘‘ Dairy Inspection,” but was pre- 
vented from doing so by being summoned to the State encamp- 
ment of that State to investigate an alleged outbreak of glanders. 
Other papers on the programme were not reached. Meeting ad- 
journed at 1 p. M. for luncheon. 


CLINIC. 


The rest of the afternoon after luncheon was devoted to the 
conduct of a clinic, which was creditable to the Local Committee 
of Arrangements and to the demonstrators and operators who 
took part. Among the operators were Drs. Adams and Wil- 
liams. It would simply be preposterous for me to attempt to 
describe what had to be seen in order to be appreciated. 


TRENTON, JANUARY, 1906. 


The Association voted to hold the annual meeting (January 
II, 1906), at Trenton, and the President appointed Dr. Geo. F. 
Harker, of Trenton, chairman of the Local Committee of Ar- 
rangements. WM. HERBERT LOWE, Secretary. 


MISSOURI VALLEY VETERINARY ASSOCIATION. 


The eleventh annual meeting of the Missouri Valley Veter- 
inary Association was held in the Board of Education Rooms, 
City Hall, Omaha, Nebraska, June 26-27, 1905. The meeting 
was called to order at 9 A. M., by the President, Dr. J. H. Mc- 
Neil. The following members and visiting veterinarians were 
present: Drs. J. S. Anderson, J. A. Berg, C. E. Baxter, A. Bos- 
trom, E. Biart, G. H. Baxter, L. D. Brown, G.-D. Cooper, Aas 
Everett, H. Dell, G. W. Geise, J. H. Gain, J. J. Drasky, J. L. 
Hoylman, J. W. Haxby, J. W. Halley, J. Hart, E. W. Hanson, 
H. Jensen, G. A. Johnston, G. A. Kay, B. F. Kaupp, W. C. 
Langdon, G. A. Meixel, J. H. McNeil, D. H. Miller, S. T. Mal- 
ler, F. E. Johnson, W. R. O'Neil, A. T. Peters, D. F. Stouffer, 


woe fee ee oe 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 509 


M. D. Strong, V. Schaefer, S. Stewart, H. C. Simpson, L. U. 
Shipley, P. Simonson, W. A. Stuhr, W. A. Thomas, G. R. 
Young, L. D. Thurston, S. A. Peck, J. Vincent, I. W. Edwards, 
H. H. Wolf, J. McRoberts. 

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and ap- 
proved. 

Under the head of correspondence, the Secretary read letters 
of regret of inability to attend from Drs. D. F. Lucky, F. M. 
Starr, and A. A. Munn. 

The following applications for membership were favorably 
passed upon by the Board of Censors and dulv elected to mem- 
bership by the Association: Nebraska—P. Simonson, G. H. 
Baxter, J. L. Hoylman, I. W. McEachran, G. A. Johnston, G. 
A. Meixel, W. H. Tuck, J. A. Berg, A. T. Everett, J. Hart, M. 
D. Strong. lIowa—J. Nicholson, J. Vincent, J. W. Haxby, L. 
U. Shipley, E. C. Sheumaker. Missouri—J. S. Leslie, B. P. 
Rainey, R. L. Allen, F. Jellen, T. S. Hickman. Kansas—L,. 
H. Cravens, R. J. Foster, C. B. Clement, A. G. Coppenbarger, 
F. W. Roach. Texas—R. W. C. Lowry. 

The Committee on Legislation reported that during the past 
year Nebraska and Missouri had each-secured a law to regulate 
the practice of veterinary medicine. 

Moved by Dr. V. Schaefer, seconded by Dr. J. J. Drasky, that 
a vote of thanks be extended to the committee. 

The following officers were then elected for the ensuing 
year: 

President—Dr. J. S. Anderson, Seward, Neb. 

First Vice-President—Dr. S. Stewart, Kansas City, Mo. 

Second Vice-President—Dr. H. Jensen, Weeping Water, 
Neb. 

Secretary-Treasurer—Dr. B. F. Kaupp, Kansas City, Mo. 

The following Board of Censors was elected for the ensuing 
year; Drs. D. H. Miller, L. D. Brown, E. Biart, J. J. Drasky, L. 
U. Shipley. 

Moved, seconded, and carried that the Chair appoint a Com- 
mittee on Resolutions. The President then appointed the fol- 
lowing: Drs. S. Stewart, J. S. Anderson, E. Biart. 

A paper was presented by Dr. S. A. Peck, of Oak Grove, Mo., 
upon the subject of ‘“‘ Malignant Growth of the Fetlock of the 
Horse.” This paper brought out a lengthy discussion. Dr. 
Peck stated that he had successfully treated these growths by 
excising all possible, then using dry dressing, consisting of 
powdered bichloride of mercury and charcoal, bound on by 


510 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


means of cotton and bandage, removing twice a week. 

Dr. J. H. Jensen related his treatment of bursatti. He has 
successfully used oil thuja and vaseline over surface and by hy- 
podermic injections of the oil around the circumference of the 
ulcer. 

Dr. S. Stewart reported a case which was presented at the 
clinic of the Kansas City Veterinary College. A small tumor 
appeared on the eyelid of a horse, which was excised. A mi- 
croscopic examination was made, which showed it to be a small 
spindle-celled sarcoma. The neoplasm reappeared; this time 
hypodermic injections of oil thuja around the circumference re- 
sulted in complete recovery. 

An invitation was extended to the Association by the Secre- 
tary of the Ak-Sar-Ben, to attend its iniatory ceremonies at the 
den at 8 Pp. M. 

It was moved, seconded, and carried that the meeting ad- 
journ to attend clinic at 1 Pp. M. and to accept invitation of the 
Ak-Sar-Ben and to again convene the meeting June 27, 9 A. M., 
for the purpose of presentation and discussion of papers. 

At 1 P. M. clinic was held at the hospital of Dr. W. C. Lang- 
don, 2411 North Fifteenth Street. 

Case No. 1.—Resection of the sterno-maxillaris muscle for 
cribbing, by Dr. V. Schaefer. 

Case No. 2.—Cunean tenectomy for relief of spavin lame- 
ness, by Dr. W. C. Langdon. 

Case No. 3.—Arytenoidectomy for relief of roaring, by Dr. 
J. S. Anderson. 

Case No. 4.—There was presented a black gelding, weigh- 
ing 1,100 pounds, 14 years of age, which presented an enlarge- 
ment about eight inches anterior to scapula and about ten 
inches in diameter. Diagnosis: fibro-cartilaginous tumor. 

JUNE 27, 1905. 

Meeting called to order at 9 A. M. by First Vice-President 
Dr. V. Schaefer. 

The first paper was presented by Dr. E. Biart, on “ Ampu- 
tation of Uterus of Bitch.” 

Dr. H. Jensen reported a bitch which showed symptoms of 
pregnancy. Later the bitch was operated upon and pus was 
found in one horn of the uterus. 

Dr. J. J. Drasky reported a case in a mare that showed signs 
of pregnancy, udder produced milk. Sixteen months later a 
rusty colored fluid discharged from the vagina. Upon examina- 


fy, ae ee 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. SH tI 


tion the uterus was found to be filled with a purulent fluid. 

Dr. J. Vincent reported a remarkable case in a mare which 
upon examination the uterus was found to contain effete mate- 
rial, including plum seeds and kernels of corn. The animal be- 
came emaciated and finally died. Upon post-mortem examina- 
tion it was determined that there had been an inflammation 
present involving the rectum and vagina which resulted in ad- 
hesion and the formation of a fistulous opening communicating 
with the two organs, allowing intestinal contents to pass into 
uterus. 

The next case presented was ‘“ Sclerastomiasis vs. Swamp 
Fever,” by Dr. W. A. ‘thomas. The Doctor stated that the au- 
thors state that the Strongylus armatus have been found to in- 
vade all tissues but the nerve and bone, but that Dr. J. S. An- 
derson reports having found them in the femur of a horse. The 
Doctor exhibited some interesting specimens of the family of 
strongylidz. He reported an outbreak in Nebraska, in which 
100 horses were lost in one locality due to the Sclerastoma tetra- 
canthum. ‘The symptoms shown were those of diarrhcea, pale 
visible mucous membranes, weakness, emaciation, paresis in hind 
limbs and cedema of under part of abdomen. ‘This paper 
brought out a lengthy discussion of parasitic diseases of the va- 
rious animals. Dr. L. U. Shipley reported cases of inflammation 
of bowels due to the Sclerastoma tetracanthum. Dr. A. T. Peters 
reported that creosote and gasoline had given good results in the 
treatment of blood-sucking intestinal worms in cattle and sheep. 

Dr. Harry Dell reported having found tape-worms and round 
worms in the intestinal tract and ticks upon the surface of a 
snake, 20 feet in length, found in the Philippine Islands. 

Dr. W. A. Stuhr reports cases of poisoning and death due to 
certain species of fungi that grew upon grass in certain localities 
and seasons in Iowa. In the course of a day or two the feces 
of the affected horse would be thoroughly studded by colonies 
of the peculiar fungi, found fipon the plant, that in many cases 
had produced fatal results. 

It was moved, seconded, and carried that a committee of 
three be appointed by the President to present the beautiful 
gold headed cane, purchased by the members present, to Dr. H. 
L. Ramacciotti. The Doctor, meeting with misfortune which 
resulted in the amputation of his left foot, was unable to attend 
the meeting. He has been a faithful worker in the profession 
and deservingly commands the respect of all. Drs. A. T. Peters, 
S. Stewart, and D. H. Miller were appointed on this committee. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


Or 
— 
cas) 


The Committee on Resolutions made the following report, 
which was accepted and ordered spread on the minutes : 


RESOLUTION OF SYMPATHY. 


‘“ WHEREAS, Our fellow-member and co-worker, Dr. H. L. 
Ramacciotti, has suffered infection even unto the door of death ; 
and 

‘“\WHEREAS, He has met with the irreparable loss of his left 
foot, be it 

“ Resolved, That we, the Missouri Valley Veterinary Asso- 
ciation, congratulate him on his courage and his success in the 
battle for life ; and, be it further 

‘* Resolved, That we extend to him our most heartfelt sym- 
pathy in the physical disability he must hereafter endure ; and, 
be it further 

“ Resolved, That we have fullest expectation of his complete 
restoration to general good health and look forward to many 
years of professional cooperation and goodfellowship.” 


RESOLUTION OF THANKS. 


‘‘ Resolved, That we are under lasting obligations to the local 
committee for their hospitality and attention to our personal 
pleasure and comfort, and extend to them our thanks. 

“ Resolved, That we fully appreciate the faithful labors of 
the outgoing officers in arranging the successful and valuable 
meetings during the Association year just ending and extend to 
them our sincere thanks.” 

It was moved by Dr. G. R. Young and seconded by Dr. J. 
H. McNeil that the Missouri Valley Veterinary Association ex- 
tend an invitation to the American Veterinary Medical Associ- 
ation to meet in Kansas City in 1906, and that this Association 
assume part of the responsibilities of the committee on local ar- 
rangements should Kansas City be chosen. Carried unani- 
mously. 

Moved, seconded, and carried that the President appoint a 
committee of four, one from Nebraska, one from Iowa, one from 
Kansas, and one from Missouri, to present the invitation at the 
coming meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Associa- 
tion. President J. S. Anderson made the following appoint- 
ments on this committee: Dr. S. Stewart, Kansas City, Mo., 
Chairman; Dr. H. Jensen, Weeping Water, Neb.; Dr. J. H. 
McNeil, Ames, Iowa; Dr. A. Plummer, Ft. Riley, Kan. Meet 
ing adjourned to luncheon to meet at I P. M. 


ee a eS 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 513 


r P. M.—Meeting called to order by Dr. J. H. McNeil. 

Dr. L. D. Brown reported a case of tuberculosis in a young 
calf, which was probably congenital. Dr. S. Stewart reported a 
case of tuberculosis in the free extremity of the penis of a bull, 
which would make it possible to transmit the tubercle bacilli 
through the act of coition, and another case in which tubercu- 
Josis was found in the foetus. 

Dr. V. Schaefer then gave an interesting talk upon the sub- 
ject of actinomycosis, reporting a case of actinomycotic polypus 
in the pharynx, which greatly interfered with respiration and 
deglutition. 

Dr. W. A. Stuhr, of Iowa, then read a paper on ‘“‘ Supposed 
Cockle-bur Poisoning in Cattle,” prepared by Dr. D. F. Lucky, 
of Missouri. 

Under reports of cases, Dr. H. Jensen reported an interesting 
case inamule. While standing there would be aspasmodic con- 
traction of the nasalis longus muscles. 

Dr. J. H. McNeil extended an invitation to the members of 
the Missouri Valley Veterinary Association to attend the course 
in stock-judging at Ames, Iowa, which would be conducted in 
January. 

Meeting adjourned. B. F. Kaupp, Secretary. 


TEXAS VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 


Pursuant to a call issued by President Francis, members of 
the Texas Veterinary Medical Association assembled at I P. M. 
in the National Live Stock Exchange Building, Fort Worth, 
Texas, March 24th, for its third annual meeting. The Execu- 
tive Committee having met at 11.30 A. M., and the members of 
the Association having viewed and discussed several interesting 
pathological specimens, collected through the efforts of Drs. 
Blount, Paxson and Ruth, of the B. of A. I, the President 
promptly at 1 p. M. called the meeting to order. 

The following members responded to roll-call: Drs. W. C. 
Bower, Fort Worth; T. A. Bray, El Paso; H. D. Paxson, Fort 
Worth; A. Ruth, Fort Worth; L. E. Warner, Dallas; S. L. 
Blount, Fort Worth; J. H. Rietz, Fort Worth; A. E. Flowers, 
Dallas; W. G. Langley, Dallas; E. L. Lewis, Waxahachie ; 
W. A. Knight, Houston ; M. Francis, College Station. 

The minutes of the last meeting were read by the Secretary, 
and being found correct were approved. The report of the 
Treasurer, after being audited by officers of the Association, 


514 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


was found correct and approved. The election of new members 
being next in order, the following applications were submitted, 
and upon vote the applicants thereof were declared elected 
members of the Association: Drs. C. E. Mauldin, El Paso; 


Wm. M. McKellar, Fort Worth; M. A. Peck, Fort Worth; R. 


Lee Rhea, McKinney; Jas. Lewis, McKinney; S. G. Bittick, 
Fort Worth. 

Through a clerical error in the application of Dr. J. W. Bur- 
by, of San Antonio, action was deferred thereon until the next 
meeting. 

The election of officers to serve for the ensuing term was 
now entered upon, which resulted in the following gentlemen be- 
ing elected to serve: 

President—Dr. A. E. Flowers, Dallas. 

First Vice-President—Dr. T. A. Bray, El Paso. 

Second Vice-President—Dr. S. L. Blount, Ft. Worth. 

Treasurer—W. G. Langley, Dallas. 

Secretary—E. L. Lewis, Waxahachie. 

Dr. W. A. Knight, of Houston, was elected State Secretary 
of the A.V. M. Ac 

It was moved by Dr. Owens and seconded by Dr. Paxson, 
that a new edition of the Constitution and By-Laws, including 
the Code of Ethics, be ordered printed in appropriate style, and 
distributed among the members. Carried. 

The details of the regular order of business having been dis- 
posed of, the reading of papers came next on the programme. 
In the order read and discussed they were as follows : 

“ Behring’s Work on Suppression of Tuberculosis,” by Dr. 
J. H. Rietz, of Fort Worth. 

“ Traumatisms in Beef Animals,” by Dr. H. D. Paxson, Fort 
Worth. 

“ Cattle and Sheep Scab,” Dr. J. W. Parker, San Antonio. 

“ Rood Poisoning,” by Dr. E. L. Lewis, Waxahachie. 

““Bistulous ‘Tracts and ‘Their’ Treatment,” by Dre | West 
Langley, Dallas. 

Extended and interesting discussions of these admirably 
prepared papers were indulged in by the members present. In 
answering and defending themselves the writers evinced a care- 
fulness of preparation and thorough mastering of subject very 
gratifying to all present. Their length forbids reproduction 
here: suffice it to say they were of unusual merit, as was evi- 
denced by the hearty applause that greeted the reading of each 
and by the animated and sustained discussion which followed. 


: 
2 
Pa | 
4 


| 
: 
| 
: 
; 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. ay) Is. 


A vote of appreciation and thanks was tendered the members 
presenting the papers. Under this head, it was moved by Dr. 
Bray and seconded by Dr. Blount, that a vote of thanks be also 
extended the officers of the Association for their untiring and 
successful efforts during the past year in behalf of the Associa- 
tion and in the interests of the profession generally in the State. 
Carried. 

It was with anticipations of the keenest pleasure that the 
members now called upon Dr. M. Francis, Professor of Veteri- 
nary Science in the Texas A. and M. College, and an active 
member of the profession, to relate the story of his visit to Eu- 
rope, upon which occasion he visited some of the renowned vet- 
erinary institutions of the Old World. With a few preliminary 
remarks upon points of interest e7 route, he spoke first of the 
great Government School at Hanover, Germany. He said it 
would be a revelation to an American and to the American stu- 
dent especially. This isa magnificently equipped institution, 
splendidly managed, and perfectly arranged, its cost approxi- 
mating one million dollars. The buildings, all of the most 
modern and approved type, were absolutely fireproof. The dem- 
onstrating, operating, chemical, clinical and hygienic depart- 
ments were marvels in their way; especially does the Doctor 
emphasize the superior and unexcelled method of clinical in- 
struction, together with unlimited clinical material—all so 
perfectly arranged and organized that there is no discord any- 
where. He remarked that the dog and cat clinics as well as 
those for numerous others of the smaller species, would also be 
a revelation. With wonderful care and perseverance, every- 
thing that may serve to lighten erstwhile darkened paths of 
science and enrich the knowledge of human kind, is observed, 
studied, experimented upon, until some definite result is ob- 
tained. He gives the palm to Hanover among the German 
schools as the one which would prove very probably the most 
satisfactory to the foreign student. Technical thoroughness 
is there combined with the principles of practical application. 
He enlarged upon the courteous treatment and attention shown 
him on every hand and of the high character professionally 
and otherwise of the officials and instructors of these schools. 
He said it would make any one feel proud of the profession to 
go through one of such places. His next stop was at Berlin, 
which college he praised highly, but did not regard it as the 
equal of Hanover. The dog clinics and hygiene of the Berlin 
institution, he said, were unsurpassed. A tour of the Dresden 


514A SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


and Munich schools was also made, and he was everywhere 
given every opportunity to see all that was to be seen. In sum- 
marizing the results of his tour, the Doctor said that the main- 
tenance of such extensive institutions under our system of gov- 
ernment was impossible, but that to visit them was an educa- 
tion in itself and would be of incalculable benefit. He thinks 
the German would “tackle.” anything and that their attention to 
minute detail is amazing. In horsemanship he does not regard 
him equal to other nations. For instance, in casting a horse, 
when not using a table, they use sixteen men where we use 
four. But in thoroughness of technique, management and ar- 
raugement, in hygiene and clinical instruction they are un- 
equaled. ‘The Doctor was warmly thanked for his graphic and 
instructive account of a memorable visit. 

It was now moved by Dr. Flowers, seconded by Dr. Warner, 
that Dallas be selected for the next annual meeting. Argu- 
ments pro and coz were indulged in, and a vote being called for, 
Dallas was selected. 

By a unanimous vote strong praise was accorded the RE- 
vIEW for its able work along lines of mutual interest, for its 
maintenance of a high standard among professional publica- 
tions, and its staunch and unswerving championship of all that 
pertains to our professional welfare. 

Although we did not extend our deliberations into several 
morning and evening sessions, with clinics, demonstrations, etc., 
this was nevertheless the most successful meeting ever held of 
the Texas Veterinary Medical Association. Organized only 
three years ago with a handful of men, we have now an active 
membership of 35. Several attempts have been made to obtain 
legislative recognition and protection, but as yet there are no 
results. Texas is on the jump in developing all lines of indus- 
try, the class of stock is grading higher every year, a better class 
of men of our profession are seeking locations in this vast em- 
pire. It is but the proverbial question of time before we will 
be recognized and given that which is but the just dues of men. 

E. L. Lewis, Secretary. 


WISCONSIN SOCIETY OF VETERINARY GRADUATES. 


The fifteenth annual meeting was held at the Hotel Sher- 
lock, Racine, Feb. 21, at 2 P. M., with the following members 
present: H. Arpke, S. Beattie, B. L. Clark, D.-B. Clark, 
CM. Crane;° H. F. Eckert, C.-C.) Evely; By QR. lack a Ree 


RT A bm 


“ee 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 517 


Heer, G. Hd. Leech, E. H. Newton, G. W. Noble, J. F. Raub, 
Chas. Schmitt, L. C. Tasche. Those arriving later were E. D. 
Roberts, E. A. McCullough, H. P. Clute, A. Alexander and A. 
H. Harting. Visitors present were Dr. C. J. Rhodes, Dr. G. H. 
Harland, Dr. H. D. Pattison, Dr. G. W. Minshall, Dr. R. M. 
Thompson and Dr. Stone. 

The minutes of the previous meeting were read by the Sec- 
retary and adopted. The Secretary’s report of accounts was 
tead and adopted. The Treasurer’s report of accounts was read 
and adopted. 

The Censors reported five applications for membership, and 
the following gentlemen were unanimously elected: Drs. C. J. 
Rhodes, Beloit; R. M. Thompson, Darlington; G. H. Harland, 
Sussex ; H. D. Pattison, Beloit,and G. W. Minshall, Viroqua. 

The Legislative Committee reported on new Veterinary 
Bill, which was read by the Secretary. Dr. H. P. Clute moved 
that Drs. Alexander, Roberts and Beattie be appointed as a com- 
mittee to follow the Veterinary Bill and employ a lobbyist to 
assist in trying to get the bill through the Legislature. 
Carried. 

A motion was also laid before the house to empower the 
Secretary to tax each member present a fee of one dollar and 
take the sum of twenty-five dollars from the treasury to use in 
support of the Veterinary Bill. The motion was seconded and 
carried. 

On motion, Dr. Beattie was appointed Secretary of Commit- 
tee on Legislation and was instructed to keep a record of ac- 
counts, which should be reported at our next meeting. 

A motion was made and seconded that the Committee of 
Prosecution be dropped. Motion lost. 

A motion was made and carried that the Chair appoint a new 
Committee on Prosecution, and the following gentlemen were 
appointed: Drs. A. H. Harting, J. M. O’Reilly, G. W. Min- 
shall, L. C. Tasche, A. H. Arpke, and R. M. Thompson. 

Dr. Raub moved that the by-laws be suspended to elect offi- 
cers for the ensuing year. 

Dr. Raub moved that Dr. Schmitt be nominated for Presi- 
dent. Dr. Leech seconded the motion. There being no other 


nominations for President, Dr. Arpke’s motion was seconded by 


Dr. Tasche to declare Dr. Schmitt the unanimous choice of the 
Society, and that the Secretary cast the ballot for Dr. Schmitt 
for President. 

Dr. Schmitt moved that Dr. Arpke be nominated for Vice- 


51 


19 8) 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


President. Motion seconded by Dr. Eckert, and no other nom- 
inations being made the Secretary was authorized to cast the 
ballot for Dr. Arpke for Vice-President. 

Dr. Beattie was declared the unanimous choice of the Society 
for Secretary and elected. Dr. Crane moved to elect the Secre- 
tary as Treasurer, which was voted on by the Society and Dr. 
Beattie was elected Treasurer. 

Drs. Rhodes, Newton and Arpke were nominated for Censors, 
and by motion the Secretary was authorized to cast the ballot 
for the above and they were elected. 

The President-elect now took the chair, and after a short ad- 
dress, the Society adjourned to meet at 7 P. M. 

7.30 P. M.—Dr. Raub reported a case of uremic poisoning in 
a colt three years old while running at pasture, the patient hav- 
ing three different attacks. The patient was treated with potas- 
sium iodide and made a good recovery. Discussion by Drs. 
Crane, Leech, Alexander, Schmitt and Eckert. 

Dr. Alexander reported on a new treatment for barren cows, 
which he says has been quite successful. The treatment con- 
sists of the injection of an aqueous solution of common yeast 
twelve hours before breeding. 

Dr. Schmitt read a paper on ‘‘ Nervous Colics of the Horse,” 
which was discussed by Drs. Alexander, Leech and Arpke. The 
essavist was excused by motion and a vote of thanks was ex- 
tended to Dr. Schmitt. 

Various places were considered, throughout the State, as the 
most suitable place for holding the semi-annual meeting, which 
were voted on, and Sheboygan receiving the largest number of 
votes, was chosen. S. BEATTIE, 

Secretary. 


CONNECTICUT BOARD OF VETERINARY 
EXAMINERS. 

Under the recent law passed by the Connecticut Legislature, 
the Governor has appointed the following veterinarians as mem- 
bers of the Board of Examiners: Dr. Richard P. Lyman, Hart- 
ford, five years; Dr. Frank A. Ingram, Hartford, four years ; 
Dr. B. K. Dow, Willimantic, three years; Dr. J. H. Gardner, 
Norwich, two years; Dr. Thomas Bland, Waterbury, one 
year. 


New YoORKERS who are unable to go to Cleveland should 
keep the Ithaca meeting steadily in mind. 


——— ee 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 519 


THE ALUMNI SOCIETY OF THE VETERINARY DE- 
PARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF 
PENNSYLVANIA 


held its annual banquet on the evening of June 14th. It was 
announced that a friend of the department who wished his iden-: 
tity withheld had given $100,000 for maintenance. ‘The $100,- 
000 appropriated by the State legislature is now available and 
work will shortly be begun on the new buildings for the depart- 
ment. A purse of $500 was presented to Dr. Leonard Pearson, 
dean of the department, and he was appointed a delegate to the 
Eighth International Veterinary Congress, which will be held 
at Budapest in August. The following officers were elected : 
President, Dr. W. H. Ridge; Vice-president, Dr. A. F. Schrei- 
ber; Secretary and Treasurer, Dr. D. T. Woodward. Dr. John 
W. Adams was toastmaster. Toasts were responded to by Dr. B. 
F. Senseman, Dr. W. Horace Hoskins, Dr. S. S. J. Harger, Dr. 
William Herbert Lowe, Dr. Eugene W. Bradley, and Dr. Leonard 
Pearson.—(lV. Y.-Phil. Med. Journal, July 1.) 


MASSACHUSETTS VETERINARY ASSOCIATION. 


The annual outing of the Massachusetts Veterinary Associa- 
tion was held Wednesday afternoon, June 28th, on board the 
tug Comorant down Boston Harbor. 

Members present were: Doctors Emerson, Burr, Boutelle, 
Babbitt, Lewis, Watson, O’Connel, Stratton, Winchester, Rog- 
ers, Pierce, Howard, Winslow, Sherman, Bunker, Thayer, 
Cleaves, La Baw, Paquin, Quinlan and Playdon. 

There were also several guests present. 

A short business meeting was held, at which Dr. R. A. Sib- 
ley was elected-a member, also the name of Dr. John M. Farqu- 
har was proposed for membership. 

All enjoyed the fishing, beautiful sail and, last but not least, 
the excellent dinner provided. Committee, Drs. Rogers, Burr, 
and Lee. F. J. BABBiTt, M. D. V., Secretary. 


DELEGATE TO INTERNATIONAL VETERINARY CONGRESS.— 
Albany, N. Y., July 21—Dr. William H. Kelly, of Albany, 
Chief Veterinarian of the State Department of Agriculture, has 

‘ been appointed by the State Department at Washington as del- 
egate for the United States to the International Veterinary Con- 
_ gress, to be held at Budapest, Hungary, September 3-9. 


or 
7~ 
=) 


NEWS AND ITEMS. 


NEWS AND ITEMS. 


Dr. G. D. NOBLE, of Boise City, Idaho, has been appointed 
State Veterinarian of Idaho. 

THE veterinarian who absents himself from Cleveland on the 
15th to 18th inst. is to be both centured and pitied. 

Drs. HAYNES AND SON, Jackson, Mich., have recently added 
a veterinary horse ambulance to their hospital equipment. 

Dr. W. FRAZER, of Salt Lake City, Utah, has been ap- 
pointed Veterinarian in the U.S. Army, stationed at Manila, 
BE 
Dr. F. C. GRENSIDE, of New York, officiated as a judge 
of heavy harness horses at the recent Plainfield (N. J.) horse 
show. 

Drs. RoscorE R. BELL, of Brooklyn, and E. J. Robbins, of 
Bayshore, will be the veterinary judges at the Bayshore (L. I.) 
horse show, August 3-5. 

Dr. T. BENT Corron, of Mt. Vernon, Ohio, spent nearly a 
week with Dr. Gribble, of Washington, C. H. ‘The latter was 
quite busy and the wooing was done riding about in the buggy. 

Dr. J. V. NEWTON, of Toledo, Ohio, is going to tell of his 
twenty-seven years’ experience in veterinary practice at the 
Cleveland meeting. This item alone is worth twice the cost of 
the trip. 

“Tp gives me great pleasure to send you remittance for an- 
other year of the REVIEW. It has been a very valuable publi- 
cation, and the last year has been the best. I would not be with- 
out it for many times its cost.”—(H. S. Richards, Pittsburgh, 
Pa. i 

| ese HOSPITAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYL- 
VANIA BURNED.—On the evening of July 6th the temporary 
hospital of the veterinary department of the University of Penn- 
sylvania was destroyed by fire. ‘Twenty dogs of more or less 
value were burned. Seven horses and thirty head of cattle were 
rescued. One of the horses, valued at $4,000, had been tre- 
phined a few days before. 

NicHoLas F. Brapy, New York City, son of Anthony J. 
Brady, has opened a home for the superannuated fire horses of 
Gotham. Heretofore it has been the custom to sell off the fire 
horses when they grew too old o1 otherwise were incapacitated 
from active duty, but from this time onward instead of going to 
peddlers’ carts and similar uses they will have comfortable 
homes. 


a 


Eas ee 


NEWS AND ITEMS. 521 


THE profession of the country will learn with great regret 
of the misfortune which befell their colleague, Dr. H. L. Ram- 
acciotti, of Omaha, Neb., recently, occasioned by an infected 
wound of the foot, resulting in amputation of the diseased inem- 
ber. Those who attended the A. V. M. A. meeting in Omaha in 
1898 have pleasant recollections of the many courtesies shown 
them by the Doctor, and will be glad to know that beyond this 
physical disability his health is unimpaired, though for a time 
his life was seriously menaced. The profession, especially of 
the West, needs Ramacciotti, for he is one of the self-sacrific- 
ing, loyal workers who are profession-builders. 

W. C. MILLER, D. V.S., of New York City, late House Sur- 
geon of the American Veterinary Hospital, and clerk of the 
New York-American Veterinary College, at present engaged in 
private practice in Gotham, was married June 14th, to Miss 
Elizabeth F. Murphy, at the Church of the Paulist Fathers, 
59th Street and Columbus Avenue, New York City. The 
wedding tour consisted of a trip to Montreal, Ottawa and other 
Canadian cities, in the first of which he visited the Veterinary 
Department of Lasalle University. Wecongratulate the genial 
young doctor upon the happiness which he so well deserves, and 
trust that now he will settle down and frequently give our read- 
ers an account of some of the interesting cases which come un- 


der his observation, as his opportunities are only exceeded by 


his capacity to transcribe them for publication. 

VETERINARIANS LICENSED TO PRACTICE IN NEW JERSEY. 
—The following gentlemen were successful at the June Exam- 
inations of the New Jersey State Board of Veterinary Medical 
Examiners at Trenton and have been duly licensed to practice 
veterinary medicine, surgery and dentistry in* that State: Ezra 
S. Deubler, V. M. D. (U. of P.) Tankhannock, Pa.; Ernest C. 
Dingley, V. M. D. (U. of P.) Villa Nova, Pa.; William D. How- 
att, V. M. D. (U. of P.) White Plains, N. Y.; Thomas J. Ma- 
haity, V. M. D. (U. of P.) Wilmington, Delaware; Frank V. 
Matthews, M. D. C. (Chicago Veterinary College), McKees- 
port, Pa.; Oscar Nelson, V. M.D. (U. of P.) Woodcliff, N. J. ; 
William H. Paxson, V. M. D. (U. of P.) Solebury, Pa. ; Carroll 
T. Rogers, V. M. D. (U. of P.) Woodbury, N. J. ; and Matthew 
S. Suttle, V. S., M. D. V. (Ontario Veterinary College, also 
McKillip Veterinary College) Paterson, N. J. 

To IMPROVE THE BREED OF HORSES IN AUSTRALIA.—Pro- 
fessor Angus remarked on Tuesday that nothing appealed to a 
stranger in South Australia with a knowledge of horses more 


522 NEWS AND ITEMS. 


forcibly than the number of unsound animals that were being 
used for stud purposes. ‘‘ Efforts are, however, to be made,” 
the professor said, ‘‘ to discourage this practice—or rather to en- 
courage the breeding of sound animals. Arrangements have 
been made by direction from the Minister of Agriculture where- 
by the services of Veterinary Surgeon Desmond will be placed 
at the disposal of all agricultural societies between Port Augusta 
and Mount Gambier. The object is to make an examination of 
all stallions and brood mares that are to be exhibited at shows, 
and to grant certificates to those found to be perfectly sound. If 
entries for shows can only be restricted to those animals which 
pass the test the certificate will have additional value and an 
important bearing on the improvement of horses in this State. 
Strong endeavors have been made in the old country to compel 
the premium horses to possess certificates.” —(Adelazde, Austra- 
lia, Regzster.) 

CANINE PSyCHOLOGY.—It was something that happens every 
once in a while, but there was one little incident connected 
with this fire that might cause John Burrows, naturalist and a 
friend of President Roosevelt, to change his attitude and admit 
that, after all, animals do reason. Anyway, this is what a bright 
and fussy Scotch terrier did early yesterday morning when a 
fire broke out in No. 615 Tenth avenue—which is a factory 
building communicating with the tenement house next door— 
after a late celebrant had set fire tothe factory by sending off a 
misdirected rocket. Pete, the terrier, leaped on the bed of 
Charles Seidler, the janitor, and barked and scratched all the 
bed clothes to shreds in informing the sleeping man there was a 
fire and everybody was in danger of strangling to death. All 
of which, in the eye of Burrows, of animal life fame, simply 
would mean that Pete was locked in the room, and the mere 
instinct of self-preservation would impel him to have somebody 
let him out ; that he had no thought of others. Well, the jan- 
itor and the terrier got out, both half strangled, and the police 
and firemen came and there was a great row when it was discov- 
ered the janitor’s wife and young son were missing. The fire- 
men and policemen made a race for the second story, where the 
woman and boy were found unconscious. And, besides, there 
was Pete skipping about, half scorched and strangled, barking 
like mad and tearing at the clothes of his playmate, the boy. 
Both were saved, all right, but what admirers of singed little 
Pete would like to have the scoffing John Burrows explain is 
why did the terrier return to his playmate’s side after the 


ee 


NEWS AND ITEMS. 523 


animal had got out once safely itself—(New York Press, 
July 6.) 

THE SPAYING OF MARES.—Once more a correspondent 
wants to know if it is practical to spay mares, and if a mare so 
treated is any more valuable than one not operated on. This 
subject has already been dealt with fully in this journal 
in various connections. A skillful veterinarian can perform 
the operation of spaying a mare with very little risk of death 
ensuing and when recovery is complete and the operation has 
been properly done the mare is to all intents and purposes 
the same as a gelding. She does not come in use and in gen- 
eral keeps on the even tenor of her way much the same as the 
gelding. It does not appear, however, that there is anything to 
be gained save among race horses by spaying mares, except on 
rare occasions. Sometimes on account of some physical mal- 
formation or affliction a mare is continually in heat or becomes 
vicious when she is. In such cases the removal of the ovaries 
generally puts an end tothe trouble. A thoroughbred or harness 
racing mare spayed when young knows not the troubles from 
which her sex suffers always in the earlier months of the racing 
season and therefore as a racing tool may be made more useful 
for the time being than her open sisters. But of course the 
future of the spayed racing mare is just as dark as that of 
the gelding, for after she can no longer win on the track she 
must seek some more lowly walk in which to earn her keep. 
That quite a number of thoroughbred fillies are spayed each 
season is well known. We do not think the operation has 
place on the farm unless in cases of deep-seated malady or vice. 
—(Breeder’s Gazette.) 

A DEPARTMENT OF HORSE BREEDING AT WISCONSIN UNI- 


_VERSITY.—At the last meeting of the board of regents of the 


Wisconsin University there was created a department of horse 
breeding, and Dr. A. S. Alexander was placed in charge of it 
with a full professorship. Dr. Alexander has done a vast amount 
of good work during his term at the Badger college and now 
will enjoy greatly enlarged opportunities. In addition to con- 
ducting the new department he will continue his work in veter- 
inary science. It is pleasant to be able to relate that this step 
has finally been taken. As has been pointed out repeatedly in 
these columns the agricultural colleges and experiment stations 
have done much work with cattle, hogs and sheep, but the mat- 
ter of the horse has been shamefully neglected. A farm may 
prosper without meat making stock, for we have instances of 


924 NEWS AND ITEMS. 


that fact at hand, but it cannot get along without teams, even 
though automobile or steam engine power may be used for the 
heavier duties of plowing and the like. It has therefore seemed 
all the stranger that so little attention has been paid to the 
horse. That the example of Wisconsin will quickly be fol- 
lowed is devoutly to be hoped. To be sure, it is not every State 
that has been so munificent in its support of its college of agri- 
culture and station as has Wisconsin, but there is not one of the 
States in the cornbelt that is not amply able to install such a 
department if the powers that be would make the right sort of 
an effort in that direction. It is not necessary that a farmer 
should be a full fledged veterinarian to succeed on the land, but 
it stands to reason that if he understands the equine structure 
and its more common ailments he will many times be able save 
himself time, money and horses. Wisconsin and Dr. Alexander 
are to be congratulated.—(Lreeder’s Gazette.) 

THE PASTEUR PREVENTIVE TREATMENT OF RABIES.— 
The New York Health Department gives the Pasteur preventive 
treatment for rabies at the Research Laboratory at the foot 
of East Sixteenth Street. In addition, the virus is sent out 
mixed with a preservative, to be administered by the attending 
physician to persons desiring to take the treatment at home. 
When sent from the laboratory it is mailed daily by special de- 
livery. The results of treatment given by the latter method 
have been as satisfactory as when administered at the laboratory, 
but it is considered advisable that not more than two days 
should elapse between the mailing of the virus and its injection 
into the patient. The course of treatment lasts from two to 
three weeks. It is strongly recommended that wounds inflicted 
by rabid or suspected animals be thoroughly cauterized with fum- 
ing nitric acid, or, if this is impossible, with the actual cautery. 
Immediate washing out of the wound is also advisable. When 
possible, it is recommended that animals suspected of rabies be 
securely chained and kept under observation for eight days. If 
rabies exists, symptoms will develop so that a definite diagnosis 
is possible within this time. If the animal is killed the carcass 
may be sent to the laboratory for diagnosis. ‘The routine is to 
make an examination of smears and stained sections of the brain 
tissue, and also to make animal inoculations. By the former 
method a positive diagnosis may be reached in from thirty-six 
to forty-eight hours. A faiiure to find the characteristic lesions 
does not, however, exclude rabies. In the event of a failure to 
find the lesions, the animal inoculations are relied on for a diag- 


PA om mn" 


NEWS AND ITEMS. 525. 


nosis, which usually requires from eight to eighteen days. In 
sending animals from a distance it is recommended that, if 
small, the entire body be sent. If this is impossible, the head 
alone should be sent. The animal or head should be securely 
fastened in a box, and packed with a considerable quantity of 
-ice and sawdust; the whole to be shipped to the laboratory ina 
larger box. 

HEREDITARY UNSOUNDNESS IN Horses [/. C. Grenside, 
V. S., i Breeder's Gazette, April 12|.—The question of hered- 
itary unsoundness in all its aspects is by no means an open 
book to the horse breeder, and it is one well worth studying by 
him, if as thorough a knowledge as is possible of this subject 
will tend to lessen the percentage of unsound stock produced. 
Of the various causes which tend to make horse raising disap- 
pointing and unprofitable, this is one of the important ones, if 
not the most important. Literally speaking it is not so much 
the inheritance of a disease itself that we fear, but it is the ten- 
dency to the development of this disease. Comparatively few 
foals are dropped with unsoundness that impairs their value ul- 
timately, but there are many that are foaled with predisposition 
to the development of unsoundness. ‘The study of this stibject, 
then, practically resolves itself into a consideration of what con- 
sfitutes the predisposing causes of unsoundness. They may be 
divided into several heads, viz.: defective formation, defective 
quality and insufficient quantity of tissue and temperament. 
Within certain limits the practised eye of the observant horse- 
man can determine in sire or dam the existence of these defects 
that are transmissible to the offspring and predispose it to the 
development of unsoundness. It is claimed by some authori- 
ties that some horses and mares possess a peculiar habit of body, 
an indefinable something about them which predisposes them 
to the development of some unsoundness and also their progeny. 
Such cases are rare, however, and their supposed existence is 
very frequently the result of the inability of an observer to ap- 
preciate the existence of detectible predisposing causes. If this 
indefinable something is the determining cause of predisposition 
in some cases, then the only positive evidence of its existence is 
the developed unsoundness. ‘This theory presupposes that none 
of the detectible predisposing causes already mentioned exists 
in sufficient degree in such cases so that when subjects of them 
are subjected to more than ordinary exciting ones,*they would 
develop unsoundness unless the peculiar habit of body exists. 
It also is an acknowledgment of the helplessness of breeders in, 


526 NEWS AND ITEMS. 


a considerable degree to prevent breeding colts with an inher- 
ent tendency to unsoundness. No matter how capable and 
careful a breeder is he will produce a certain percentage of un- 
sound stock, due to heredity, but with care it can be reduced to 
a small one. Many breeders use a sire from convenience or 
from some quality that he possesses, such as speed, action, style- 
or disposition, knowing that they are taking a chance of per- 
petuating some tendency to unsoundness that he possesses. Fa- 
vorite mares are also bred with a disregard to the well-estab- 
lished principle that like begets like even when they are the 
victims of hereditary unsoundness or a strong predisposition to 
it. The successful breeder must divest himself of all sentiment 
and be capable of appreciating all defects which constitute pre- 
disposition to unsoundness. Of the predisposing causes defec- 
tive formation is the most fertile one. The predisposition to 
navicular disease is hereditary. Horses with narrow deep heels 
and short hoofs are predisposed to it. Some observer may say: 
‘But look at the large number of horses one sees with narrow 
deep heels and short hoofs that have not got navicular disease.” 
Of course such an argument is fallacious, as there may be many 
compensating conditions that will tend to neutralize the ten- 
dency to this disease in some subjects. A horse with the for- 
mation of foot described, even although he is subjected to the 
exciting causes of hard, fast and steady work and irrational 
and infrequent shoeing, may be endowed by nature with a very 
light step. Nothing tends to prevent wear and tear of the legs 
and feet like light stepping. Here then is an example of an in- 
fluence which tends to counterbalance the ill effects of a defec- 
tive formation, but renders complicated the study of formation 
in predisposing to unsoundness. One then has to weigh the in- 
fluence of compensating conditions in determining the il! conse- 
quences likely to result from defective formations of foot when 
transmitted to offspring. That defective formations of feet are 
handed down to progeny there is no manner of doubt. The pre- 
disposition to ringbone 1 is undoubtedly hereditary, and one sel- 
dom finds it unless it is the result of some extraordinary excit- 
ing cause when the pastern is of good formation. The two 
extremes of long, light, oblique pasterns and the short, straight 
coarse ones, are both predisposed, the former from the tension to 
which the ligaments are subjected and consequent tendency to 
sprain, and’ the latter from the increased tendency to concus- 
sion. As we proceed up the front leg we find defective forma- 
tion in the neighborhood of the knee predisposing to unsound- 


NEWS AND ITEMS. §27 


ness. Many horses that are more or less knee-sprung are 
practically sound. Others become progressively weak and are 
decidedly unsound, so that we are not much amiss in character- 
izing the condition called knee-sprung as an hereditary un- 
soundness. A commission was appointed some years ago in 
England to make out a list of hereditary unsoundnesses, which 
they made as small as possible. The list included navicular 
disease, ringbone, spavin, sidebone, periodic ophthalmia or 
moon-blindness, and roaring. It will be observed that knee- 
sprung was not included. In order not to complicate matters 
they made the list as short as possible and only included the 
most serious forms of unsoundness or those that are very obsti- 
nate in yielding to treatment or are incurable. Unsoundnesses 
such as knee-sprung, curb or splint, though the tendency to 
them is undoubtedly hereditary, were not included. It was be- 
cause these conditions seldom permanently interfere with a 
horse’s practicalsoundness. A horse is what is called ‘tied in” 
below the knee when the leg immediately below the knee is 
narrower from before backwards than it is just above the fetlock. 
In this condition the tendons behind the knee are not well de- 
veloped and are placed too close to the shank-bone at this point. 
This imperfect tendonous development in a front leg is not 
usually confined to the tendons behind the leg, called the flexor 
tendons, as an imperfect development of these tendons is usu- 
ally associated with an impaired development of the tendons 
tunning down the front of the leg called the extensor tendons. 
Such a condition frequently results in shaky knees, if the sub- 
ject experiences hard work, which is likely to become progress- 
ively worse. In some cases the flexor tendons appear to be 
much better developed than the extensors and in an individual 
so formed, particularly if he is inclined to stand with his fore 
feet well back under him, there is inordinate strain on the ex- 
tensors leading to relaxation and a corresponding tendency to 
contraction of the flexors. Here we have a lack of balance be- 
tween the extensors and flexors, and consequently a knee- 
sprung condition. Although shaky-kneed or knee-sprung 
horses are not frequently incapacitated for work the breeder 
should not lose sight of the fact that this condition is apt con- 
siderably to depreciate a horse’s value in the market, particularly 
for some purposes, and the breeder can seldom afford to ignore 
this fact. It is not intended to advise breeders never to breed 
to a sire that stands a little over in the knees, especially if suf- 
ficient cause can be assigned for it, but we would recommend 


528 NEWS AND ITEMS. 


them to be very wary about using sires and dams that show a 
congenital tendency to this defect. Purchasers of horses usually 
look with considerable disfavor on a horse that is at all knee- 
sprung. Personally I wouldrather buy a horse for my own use 
that is a little forward in the knees, than one that stands back 
in the knees or is what is called calf-kneed. A horse with the 
former defect is almost sure to be much more elastic in his step 
than one with the latter and consequently will not suffer to the 
same extent from the ill effects of concussion. A calf-kneed 
horse is also much more likely to suffer from strains. Knee- 
sprung, unlike the other unsoundnesses given in the list of hered- 

itary trouble, is not very infrequently congenital. Swan-necked © 
horses and those with thick, coarse throttles are considered to be 
of the formation most liable to develop the defect of the wind 
called roaring. In Great Britain and Ireland and on the conti- 
nent of Europe breeders are usually very particular about avoid- 
ing roarers for breeding purposes. The climatic conditions 
there seem very favorable to its development, but in this coun- 
try it is not nearly so much to be feared, and I would not hold 
aloof from an otherwise desirable sire on account of his being a 
roarer, though I admit the predisposition to the trouble may be 
transmitted. The predisposition to periodic ophthalmia or 
moon-blindness is handed down from parent to offspring, but it 
is not nearly socommon in this country as it once was when 
the sanitary conditions were not so good; and it may be that 
some care has been exercised in breeding so as to avoid its prop- 
agation. The only appreciable evidence of a predisposition to 
this unsoundness outside of the existence of the disease is the 
small or what is called the “pig eye.’ I knew asire well that had 
‘“pig eyes,” but sound ones, and that remained sound through- 
out his long life. Certainly ten per cent. of his progeny devel- 
oped moon-blindness. The tendency to stringhalt is undoubt- 
edly transmissible from parent to offspring. Horses with snappy 
hock action are most likely to develop it. Nowadays it is not 
feared nearly so much as it formerly was for, if it should develop, 
a very large percentage of cases are curable by nota very difficult 
and by no means dangerous operation which consists in the cut- 
ting of a tendon and the removal of a small portion of it. A 
change has taken place in the generally accepted view as to the 
nature of stringhalt. It was considered a purely nervous malady 
until it was found that the cutting of a tendon would cure it. 
Curb, although not as I remember it included in the list of he- 
reditary unsoundnesses, is decidedly hereditary as well-as the 


NEWS AND ITEMS. 529 


predisposition to it. It is not an infrequent occurrence to find foals 
dropped with curbs, which frequently disappear in a large meas- 
ure, but there is always some trace of them remaining. It is 
the rarest possible occurrence to find a broad hock and one with 
the tendon standing well out behind with any sign of curb. Nar- 
row hocks and those with the point dipped forward towards the 
body of the joint ; a leg with small circumference immediately 
below the hock, or what is commonly called tied-in ; those with 
the back tendon not standing out posterior to the bone at the 
back and outer part of hock, and in addition.to these indications 
of weakness and tendency to curb, if the joint is crooked or 
what is called sickle-shaped, the predisposition is much increased. 
Curb is not so much feared by some breeders as it seldom causes 
permanent lameness. It is, however, a great eye-sore ; it depreci- 
ates a horse’s value very considerably, and it is liable to cause re- 
curring lameness. Crooked hocks, unduly straight hocks, narrow 
hocks, small hocks, those bent inwards or outwards, are all of 
weak formation, and consequently predisposed amongst other 
unsoundnesses to bone spavin. Even though a horse should hap- 
pen to have a bone spavin, providing he has a strongly formed 
hock, I would rather take the chance of breeding to him than 
one with a sound hock, but of weak formation. So far we 
have run over briefly most of the defective formations that pre- 
dispose to serious hereditary unsoundness. We have divided 
the causes into four heads, the second one of which was insuffi- 
cient quantity. The old saying: “ Size is strength, other things 
being equal,” applies to a horse’s extremities. We frequently 
hear it said that such and such a horse has “ plenty of timber 
under him.” By this is meant that the individual in question 
has sufficient substance in the various structures that make up 
his legs and feet to give them strength and ability to stand 
wear and tear. The~practical horseman of experience learns 
that the horse with disproportionately small feet seldom stands 
much work without going sore from some unsoundness of these 
organs. So with the slender-pasterned horse ; he is not only 
subject to strain in that point, but predisposed to ringbone. 
The horse light under the knee is apt to suffer from strains of 
the tendons and ligaments in that situation as well as trouble- 
some splint. Proportionately large joints give great wearing 
ability to the legs. This is well exemplified in the case of hocks 
with plenty of tissue in them. The sire that transmits small 
hocks to his offspring has handed down to him one of the most 
prolific sources of unsoundness in those joints. Defects of for- 


530 NEWS AND ITEMS. 


mation of these joints are often a cause of trouble as has already 
been pointed out, but not so much so in my experience as a lack 
of size. Stating that a horse has plenty of timber under him 
does not cover all cases, as some horses have plenty of tissue in 
their front legs and are deficient in their hind ones. In addition 
to formation and quantity of tissue, quality is of vast importance 
in influencing the wearing ability of the legs and feet. Parents 
transmit with great faithfulness to their progeny defects in the 
quality of the horn of the hoofs. Shelly brittle hoofs are strongly 
predisposed to crack, developing sand and quarter-cracks on 
slight provocation, and giving rise to that very troublesome in- 
ability of being unable to hold the shoes tightly. Brittle hoofs 
are not necessarily coarse in fibre. Hoofs of coarse fibre lack 
the density of structure which generally contributes to tough- 
ness. Undue size of foot, low heels and flat soles, with a ten- 
dency to be easily bruised, are apt to be associated with a lack 
of quality in the horn structure. A horse with bone of aspongy 
character or lacking in density is deficient in quality. Such an 
individual is predisposed to inflammatory diseases of bone, 
such as splints, sure shins, ringbone and spavin. The lack of 
quality in a horse is particularly well shown in the skin of his 
legs. The tendency to the development of cracked heels, 
stocked legs, mud fever and grease is very evident on slight 
provocation. Sires deficient in quality are apt to transmit to 
their progeny the tendency to what are called soft-legs, in which 
there is not only the inclination of the skin to swell up from little 
cause, but windgalls, puffy sheaths of tendonsand boggy hocks are 
easily induced. If then we accept these statements with regard 
to quality, as it would appear that every practical horseman 
must, we must admit that coarseness or lack of quality is by no 
means all unimportant factor in contributing to hereditary pre- 
disposition to unsoundness. Temperament is the last of the four 
heads into which we divided the predisposing causes of heredi- 
tary unsoundness. Although it must be admitted that it has an 
influence we look upon it as the least important of the four. The 
nervous horse that jumps and gets excited on slight provocation, 
the anxious horse that is always upin his collar and against the 
bit are more taxing on the physical mechanism than easier-going 
horses. We perhaps cannot afford quite to ignore this question 
of temperament, in selecting sires and dams, but if the legs and 
feet have sufficient substance and are made up ofa good quality 
of tissue, they will generally stand any taxing that may result 
from a high strung temperament. 


AMERICAN VETERINARY REVIEW. 


SEPTEMBER, 1905. 


EDITORIAL. 


EUROPEAN CHRONICLES. 
BRUNOY, FRANCE, July 15, 1905. 

TUBERCULOSIS CURED BY A NEW SERUM.—Some time ago 
I was glancing through one number of the Progrés Vétérinazre, 
when my eyes were attracted by an article headed ‘“‘ Treatment 
of Bovine Tuberculosis by the Serum Cugwz/lére,” and I read 
the full history of a positive case of tuberculosis cured. The 
description of the symptoms left no doubt. Their clinical sig- 
nification was certain. Tuberculin had confirmed the nature 
of the trouble and the diagnosis of pulmonary and ganglionary 
tuberculosis. Then followed the history of the treatment, 
which consisted at various intervals in subcutaneous injections 
of the serum prepared by a physician, Dr. Cuguillére. After 
receiving 400 cubic centimetres of serum from May 31 to July 
19, the animal, which improved gradually, in which the glandu- 
lar enlargements had resumed their normal aspect, in which aus- 
cultation had failed to detect the manifestations shown at first, 
and with respiration almost normal, and finally in which, to 
confirm the apparent clinical recovery, the test of tuberculin 
was resorted to and gave a negative result. Was it a true case 
of recovery ? The post-mortem answered affirmatively and the 
lesions that were found justified the conclusions of the article, 
viz. : Bovine tuberculosis recognized clinically and scientifically 
has been cured with the Serum Cuguillére. The recovery has 
been established scientifically by the tuberculin and macroscop- 
ically by autopsy. 


x 
* ra 


A month later another article from the same author on the 
same question—a case of generalized tuberculosis. The animal 


534 EDITORIAL. 


was also put under the same treatment, and received over 500 
cubic centimetres of the serum, when for private reasons the 
cow was condemned to be destroyed. However, before being 
killed, she was submitted to the tuberculin test, with the re- 
sult that there was absolute absence of general reaction, while 
the thermic was only of 0.7°.. The symptoms of the animal 
during the last part of the treatment had improved, but not as 
well as in the first case, and the result of the post-mortem was 
not so satisfactory. Some of the lesions were not as much im- 
proved in aspect as others, which were evidently recovered. 
We are told that the histological examination of the speci- 
mens taken from the two animals will be published later on. 
* as * 

These two records, well written and published under the 
signature of a sanitary veterinarian, created quite a sensation, 
and at a meeting of the Society of Application of Medical Sci- 
ences the new treatment was brought up for consideration by 
the author of the treatment himself, Dr. Cuguillére. The se- 
rum is not a secret compound, the Académie of Médecine in 
Paris knows all about it, and for the ordinary martyr all he 
needs to know is that the serum isa yellow liquid, with a strong 
odor of garlic, which gives rise to sharp pain at the point of 
inoculation when introduced under the skin. It has already 
done wonders and cured people. After the meeting three cows 
which had positive tuberculosis, by clinical examination and by 
tuberculin test, received their first dose of serum—z3o cubic 
centimetres of serum—and from that day will receive one dose 
every week. On June 5 they were to be examined and killed 


according to their condition. I have not read of the results. 


* 
* * 


VALLEE’S PREVENTIVE INOCULATIONS.—But to come back 
to the undoubtedly more important and practical part of the 
tuberculous problem, the prevention of the disease, what about 
the test which has been carried on by the Société Médecine 
Vétérinaire Pratique and of which I have already spoken in 
preceding chronicles? 


EDITORIAL. 5385 


The second vaccination took place on March 12 (that was 
three months exactly after the first), in the presence of many 
veterinarians and of others interested. It consisted also in the 
injection of a vaccinal emulsion in the left jugular, the dose, 
however, being four times as high as thefirst. After the oper- 
ation Prof. Vallée held a conference, where among lots of inter- 
esting facts relating to tuberculosis in general and its preven- 
tion, I read the following points: ‘‘ The chances of success in 
our experiments are good. ‘Theanimals that have received the 
first inoculation are presenting the best aspect. ‘Their condi- 
tion is excellent, they have grown in fair proportion to the 
rather unfavorable conditions under which they are kept. Not 
one has a cough; in none can asign of tuberculosis be detected. 
One died accidentally without presenting any tubercular lesion. 
Of the twenty that remained and which were tuberculined in 
February, four at that time had a characteristic reaction to tu- 
berculin. There is nothing in thisto make us feel anxious or to 
surprise us; as the bacilli inoculated in the first vaccination 
not having been resorbed without giving rise to the formation 
of microscopic lesions, these were not yet healed and what re- 
mained was sufficient to promote tuberculin reaction. ‘There is 
no doubt that all the animals would have reacted also had the 
test been applied nearer the time of the first vaccination.” 


* 
* * 


The last stage but one of the experiment—that is, the stage 
of control—took place on Juners5. This had been planned out 
by the Commission, and it was decided that a number of ani- 
mals, among the twenty that remained, should be submitted to 
various modes of infection (subcutaneous and intravenous injec- 
tions), while others would be exposed to infection by cohabita- 
tion with animals affected and carrying open lesions. Indeed, on 
that day, June 15, the Commission and many invited being pres- 
ent, the plan was carried out. Seven vaccinated animals and 
seven healthy témoins received an intravenous injection of a 
tested well-known culture; seven vaccinated and seven healthy 
had one subcutaneous ; two vaccinated and two witnesses were 


536 EDITORIAL. 


placed in a stable by diseased animals, and the four last are to 
be kept to be tested at various epochs, so as to determine the 
length of duration of the immunity. 

Can any conclusion be arrived at sofar? No, says Prof. Val- 
lée, and repeating almost his own words of the last conference 
he held, he says, ‘“everythiug looks favorable. Truly one of 
the subjects has reacted since the second vaccination—it has 
not received the injection of infected culture; it would have 
been useless, and it is not impossible for this reaction to subside 
and disappear. By the post-mortem when it is killed the effects 
of the vaccination will be found out. But at any rate the pro- 


cess of vaccination is perfectly harniless.” 


* 
* 


x 

When is the result likely to be known? ‘Towards the 
end of July or beginning of August something will be known. 
It is certain that the twenty subjects which have been inoc- 
ulated or exposed will manifest some symptoms which will 
leave little doubt as to their condition, while, on the contrary, 
we must hope that the twenty subjects which were vaccinated 
previous to their being infected, will remain in the same good 
condition as they were on June I5. 

I shall witness the post-mortem, and will in my next chron- 
icle, I hope, give my readers the results. 

The experiment above alluded to, however, relates to the 
question of the value of the vaccination of von Behring. But 
it may be remembered that Prof. Lignié¢res had also demanded 
that a mode of vaccination of his should be tried at the same 
time. The Commission consented. I have so far little to say 
about it, as the results seem to be rather unfavorable to this 


mode of vaccination. 


* 
* 


* 

Some of our friends may fancy that I have dwelt on that ex- 
periment rather lengthily. If it is the impression, I regret it. 
But if one would have seen this handsome herd of forty young 
cattle, heifers and bulls, of several kinds of breeds, which for 
many months have been watched and carefully followed with the 


EDITORIAL. 537 


greatest care so as to settle one of the most important questions 
of the day in veterinary science, and realizing the execution of an 
experiment carried on with all possible precautions to avoid de- 
nial or discussion on the result, the first large experiment of 
control after all, certainly I could not say less than I have done, 
and if I am blamed for it I am glad, however, that the remarks 
improperly applied to my friend Prof. Leonard Pearson by Dr. 
Siebert cannot be repeated. Dr. Siebert, who, I believe, is one 
of von Behring’s assistants, wrote: ‘‘ After bovovaccine of 
Behring has been tried scientificaily in the most extensive man- 
ner and introduced in agricultural practice by the summities of 
veterinary art with successes promising the greatest expecta- 
tions, it must seem presumptuous for Pearson in America toad- 
vance detailed divulgations, and with all that speak of the su- 
periority of his (Pearson’s) so-called method, when it seems that 
the existence of bovovaccine is known to him only by what he 
has read.”” We know differently. Dr. Pearson, I am sure, has 
seen the trials of bovovaccine in Germany, and if he does not 
believe in it, there are many Germans like him. 
* ‘ = 

AN HISTORICAL AuTopsy.—Leaving the subject of tubercu- 
losis aside for a moment, I must tell of a post-mortem whose 
lesions I had an opportunity to examine at the Société Centrale 
de Médecine Vétérinaire of Paris, where they were exhibited. 
The history of the case is probably known to many of our 
readers. One day, during the visit that Alphonse XIII, King 
of Spain, made to Paris, a bomb was thrown on his passing the 
Rivoli Street, killing one horse and wounding a number of per- 
sons. The horse belonged toan officer of Cuirassiers, who com- 
manded the escort of the King. Of course, all the details were 
made public and do not belong here. The horse killed on the 
spot was sent to Alfort, where the post-mortem was made by no 
less officials than the Director of the school himself, M. Barrier, 
and Professor Petit. The report made by those gentlemen reads 
as follows: 

Skin and natural openings :-—A circular cutaneous opening 


538 EDITORIAL. 


some 18 millimetres in diameter on the posterior border of the 
left olecranon muscles—on a level with the tuberosity of the 
acromion spine, superficial contused wound ; one also on the su- 
perior part of the neck ; some cutaneous abrasions on the head ; 
blood escaping from the mouth and nostrils, upper lip cut ; 

E-xtrathoracic lesions on the left side after removal of the left 
Jeg -—Under the circular cutaneous opening extensive bloody in- 
filtration and a wide torn space, indicating the course of the wound- 
ing body ; between the shoulder, the pectoral muscles and the left 
thoracic wall cellular tissue contains an enormous infiltration 
of blood; between the fifth and sixth left ribs, costal muscles 
and pleura are torn and posterior border of the fifth rib scratched 
with the projectile ; 

Lesions of the thoracic cavity: —After removing the left costal 
wall it is found that the left pleural sac is filled with an enormous 
clot of blood, extending from the first rib to the diaphragm. 
This clot has surrounded the left lung, which is pressed upon 
and pushed in the right pleural sac in tearing through the 
posterior mediastinum. The left pulmonary lobe, on a level 
with the cardiac notch, is pierced through and through by a 
large hzemorrhagic tear. The pericardium is also torn near its 
base and its cavity filled with blood. ‘The trunk of the pulmo- 
nary artery is pierced through and through and this lesion has 
given rise to the large intrathoracic and intrapericardial hem- 
orrhage. The right pulmonary lobe offers the same lesion as 
the left, and finally the right thoracic wall is identically in- 
jured as the left—perforation between the fifth and sixth ribs, 
scratching off of the posterior border of the fifth. 

Right extrathoracic lesions with right fore-leg taken off: —Ex- 
act repetition of those found on the left side and in the thickness 
of the muscle, large extensor of the forearm, the projectile, cause 
of these fatal lesions, viz.: a bolt of 20 millimetres in diameter 
which was used to cork the bomb after its being loaded. There 


were no other lesions. 


* 
* * 


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND REVIEWS.—I have been favored 


EDITORIAL. 539 


of late with a number of books and communications, coming as 
they have almost from the four cardinal points of the United 
States—from Louisiana by the arrival of the Louzszana Planter, 
with the articles on molasses feeding by our friend Dr. Dal- 
rymple; then from Maine with the Horse Breeder, where Dr. 
G. H. Bailey always defended his theory against the trotting of a 
mile in two minutes. [Poor fellow: it was his last to me; I 
learned of his death a few days after.] From the East and from 
the West I had announcements of colleges [unfortunately they 
show little change from their last year’s aspect], but that of the 
New York State Veterinary College is interesting. I also had 
from Chicago the first volume of ‘“ Veterinary Surgery,” by 
Dr. Louis A. Merillat, which is published by A. Eger, of Chica- 
go. In this volume ‘‘Animal Dentistry and Diseases of the 
- Mouth” are treated. A nice work of 250 pages, well illustrated 
by 160 good plates, which, if I am not mistaken, is the first 
book treating entirely of the subject, and which on that account 
will prove of great interest to all practitioners. The general 
manipulations to obtain the dexterity that American horse den- 
tists alone possess, are very correct. Volume II and III will be 
anxiously looked for. 
. * ¥ * 

A more important book I also had lately—‘ Therapeutique 
Vétérinaire Appliquée”’—otherwise ‘‘ Special or Applied Veter- 
inary Therapeutics,” by Mr. H. J. Gobert. This is again an ad- 
dition to the Cadeac“Encyclopcedia, but forms a complement 
to the one on general therapeutics alluded to ina previous chron- 
icle. The arrangements of the drugs, adopted by the author, 
differ from those generally admitted; he has grouped them ac- 
cording to the changes, to the modifications that they produce 
in the different functions: modifying agents of the digestive ap- 
paratus, of nutrition, of respiration, circulation, nervous system, 
urinary apparatus, genital system, milk secretion and finally 
modifying agents of all the tissues. Exceptionally, in the first 
chapter, the study is found of those agents which act on the 
cause itself of the disease, when this cause is external to the or- 


540 EDITORIAL. 


ganism: such as the antiseptics andthe antiparasitics. This plan 
of the author makes his work essentially practical—it is a ther- 
apeutic of symptoms well made out. For each drug the phy- 
siological effects are given, the indications being derived from 
them, the doses, modes of administration, and when treating of 
toxic substance, the indications for using antidotes. The book 
is like the preceding ones issued by the house of J. B. Bailliere, 
rue Hautefeuille, Paris. Cost 5 fs.—one dollar. Whoever 
reads French will be pleased with the work. A 
A GRAND MEETING OF THE A. V. M. A. 

One of the most potent evidences of professional prosperity 
and progressiveness is the interest taken in the associations for 
advancement in knowledge, and when the meetings are sparsely 
attended and interest lagging they are as certain indications 
that the condition of that profession are unstable and unsatis- 
factory. If this line of reasoning is accepted as reliable law, 
those having the welfare of the profession in this country at 
heart must have a complacent feeling as they read the story of 
the Cleveland meeting of the American Veterinary Medical As- 
sociation, for it was far and away the most valuable as well as 
the largest gathering of veterinarians ever brought together on 
the American Continent. This estimate of the importance of 
the late meeting may sound familiar to REVIEW readers, as the 
same expressions have been used to describe each convention 
for a number of years in succession; but we have no apologies 
to offer for our seeming lack of descriptive English, for the 
statements have always been exactly true to the facts, and we 
sincerely trust that we may be permitted to indulge in the same 
precious tautology next year, and the next, and the next. 

Study the abridged report of that meeting in this journal, 
and supplement it by the official record soon to be published in 
book form; look at it from every viewpoint, and say if it was 
not a great gathering of the profession—one to reflect credit 
upon any scientific organization, and to make one feel a thrill 
of pride to be counted as one of its number. 


EDITORIAL. 541 


The papers read embraced every phase of professional en- 
deavor, from the most advanced thought and research in pesti- 
lential diseases to the every-day problems in surgery and prac- 
tice ; and ina practical sense from the exhibition of pathological 
specimens of infective diseases to the demonstration of simple 
surgical procedures. 

' The educational problem, which has been pressing with 
such force for action that would tend to uniformity in the 
product of the colleges, received a real impetus at Cleveland in 
the reorganization of the Association of Faculties and Examin- 
ing Boards of North America. The A. V. M. A. authorized its 
President to appoint three delegate-members to the Faculties 
Association, to discuss and harmonize the uneven balance in 
the quality of the work being done by the schools, and to report 
back to the Association the minimum requirement which the 
schools agree to conform to. It will then become the business 
of the Association to know whether they violate their agree- 
ment or not. Of course, there are many details to be consid- 
ered, and it is not known how great an advance step can be 
taken by the schools having the lowest grade; but the plan of- 
fers the most promising results of any that have been suggested. 

Failure to attend is not compensated for by the efforts of this 
journal to give a faithful account of all that transpired ; but we 
hope to publish as many of the papers as we are able to obtain. 

We congratulate the Association upon its grand meeting, 
and the profession wpon having such an Association to repre- 
sent if. 


THE NEW YORK STATE MEETING. 


The annual meeting of this society has earned a national 
reputation for the excellence of its clinics, which are acknowl- 
edged to have set the high standard that characterizes the sur- 
gical clinics now universally in vogue. It is but a few years 
since this educational feature of veterinary meetings was intro- 
duced, yet its popularity has increased each year until now a 
meeting with the clinic omitted would be shorn of more than 


42 EDITORIAL. 


Or 


half of its value andinterest. We are not certain just where the 
first one was inaugurated, but we do know that the New York 
State Society has brought it to its highest estate, and in recent 
years its meetings are attended by veterinarians from many 
States, attracted chiefly by the reputation it has acquired along 
this line. Here operations are demonstrated with every detail 
of technique, and with every regard for the principles and prac- 
tice of the highest conception of antisepsy and anzesthesia, and it 
is doing as much benefit to practicing veterinarians asa post- 
graduate course in a good school. 

This year the officers of this Society can be relied upon to 
maintain all the prestige of the past, and to take a step well 
in advance. Not only will the surgical feature be thoroughly 
upheld, but the literary programme is most excellent, and we 
refer our readers to the regular department of “Society Meet- 
ings,” where this section is fully detailed, and which will be 
found to embrace every line of thought—from the intricate 
problems of State medicine to the reports of simple cases met 
with in daily practice. 

If you were in attendance at Cleveland, or were forced to re- 
main away, you cannot afford to be absent from Ithaca, on 


Sept. 12 to 14. 


DRS. MERILLAT AGAIN WITH THE “REVIEW.” 

We are pleased to announce that Drs. Louis A. and Edward 
Merillat, of Chicago, have again assumed direction of a depart- 
ment of the REVIEW devoted to surgery. A few years ago these 
well-known veterinarians edited a pretentious series of surgical 
papers for this journal, which were greatly appreciated by the 
profession. Their present undertaking will aim to supply our 
readers more with the “news” of the surgical world, grouping it 
in paragraphs under the broad heading of ‘Surgical Items.” As 
the senior compiler is engaged in the preparation of a text-book 
upon the subject, he must necessarily keep abreast of all that is 
transpiring, by extensive reading and otherwise; and thus our 
readers are to have the advantage of his great opportunities. 


IMMUNIZATION OF CATTLE AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS. 543 


@RIGINAL ARTICLES. 


THE ARTIFICIAL IMMUNIZATION OF CATTLE 
AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS. 


By LEONARD PEARSON AND S. H. GILLILAND. 


(From the Laboratory of the State Live Stock Santtary Board of Pennsylvania ) 


A Paper presented to the 42d Annual Meeting of the American Veterinary Medical 
Association, at Cleveland, Ohio, Aug. 15-18, 1905. 


Efforts to produce artificial immunity against tuberculosis 
have been conducted for a number of years and along many 
lines. In 1890, Robert Koch announced the discovery of tuber- 
culin. It was claimed at that time that by the use of tubercu- 
lin resistance to tuberculosis could be increased in such a way 
as to assist in withstanding infection, and also that some infec- 
tions already established might under the use of tuberculin be 
overcome. But extensive experimentation has shown that these 
effects are not sufficiently uniform, lasting or powerful to be of 
distinct practical value. | 

Following this pioneer work of Koch came the work of 
many investigators with modified tuberculins and with extracts 
from tubercle bacilli made in a variety of ways. Repeated ex- 
periments with all these substances have shown that it has not 
been possible by their use to render animals immune to tuber- 
culosis permanently, or to a practical degree. Experiments 
have been made by several investigators to test the immunizing 
value of dead tubercle bacilli and of bacillary pulp. The re- 
sults have been about the same as have followed the use of ex- 
tracts from tubercle bacilli. 

It became evident years ago that immunity against tuber- 
culosis, to be of value, must confer protection against the organ- 
ism of tuberculosis as well as against its toxins. There must be 
bacterial as well as toxic immunity. Efforts to immunize ani- 
mals against living and virulent tubercle bacilli by inoculating 
them with living tubercle bacilli of low virulence were made as 
early as 1891 by Granchez and Ledoux-Lebard. In 1892 and 


544 PEARSON AND GILLILAND. 


1893 Trudeau* found that by inoculating rabbits subcutaneous- 
ly with living cultures of avian tubercle bacilli, he was able to 
increase their resistance to infection from mammalian tubercle 
bacilli of a culture known to be virulent for rabbits. De 
Schweinitz? in 1894 discovered that it was possible to very 
greatly increase the resistance of guinea-pigs to inoculations of 
tuberculosis by inoculating them with attenuated tubercle ba- 
cilli of human origin ; the process of attenuation consisting in 
prolonged cultivation (twenty generations) on glycerin beef 
broth of acid reaction. Tubercle bacilli of human origin grown 
in this way lost their virulence for guinea-pigs, but guinea-pigs 
inoculated with this non-virulent culture developed so much re- 
sistance to tuberculosis, that when they were afterwards inocu- 
lated with tuberculous tissue from a cow they remained healthy, 
while other guinea-pigs inoculated with the same material from 
the cow died of tuberculosis in seven weeks. DeSchweinitz in- 
jected very large quantities of human tubercle bacilli into cattle 
subcutaneously, intravenously and intraperitoneally. He found 
that by gradually increasing the dosage enormous quantities 
could be tolerated withoutinjury. He administered as much as 
500 c.c. of a heavy suspension of tubercle bacilli at one time. 

McFadyeant in 1901 and 1902 reported that he had found 
that the resistance of cattle to tuberculosis may be very greatly 
increased by the use of successive inoculations with tuberculous 
material or tubercle cultures of low virulence. Ina paper of 
McFadyean’s entitled ‘‘ Further Experiments Regarding the 
Immunization of Cattle Against Tuberculosis,”’§ the author 
states this conclusion : . 

“Tt appears to be justifiable to conclude that, whatever may 
have been the degree of natural immunity possessed by these 
three experimental animals, it was much increased by the suc- 


* New York Medical Journal. July 23, 1893. 

+ Medical News, New York, December §, 1894. 

t Journal of Comparative Pathology and Therapeutics, Jane, 1901, and March, 
1902, 

& Journal of Comparative Pathology and Therapeutics, March, 1902, 


IMMUNIZATION OF CATTLE AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS. 545 


cessive intravenous inoculations to which they were subjected. 
The immunity was not absolute, but it may be doubted whether 
a degree of resistance that would merit that term is obtainable 
by any method in cattle.” 

Von Behring announced in December in rgor that he was 
engaged in studying the immunization of cattle against tuber- 
culosis, and he has since issued several reports upon his work. 
Von Behring has made a very large number of experiments in 
this field ; he has endeavored to produce immunity by the use 
of tuberculins, by the use of other tuberculosis toxins, by anti- 
toxins, by the use of dead tubercle bacilli, of tubercle bacilli 
weakened by chemical agents and by the use of tubercle cultures 
of low virulence. A method for the vaccination of cattle against 
tuberculosis has been formulated by von Behring, and it is 
based on the use of tubercle bacilli of human origin that are non 
virulent for cattle. In making this “‘ vaccine” the tubercle ba- 
cilli are dried and ground toa powder. The vaccine material 
is sent out in this dried state. It is necessary to make a suspen- 
sion of it in normal salt ‘solution, whereupon it may be admin- 
istered by intravenous injection. A number of investigators as. 
Lorenz, Schlegel, Eber and Hutyra have tested the resistance of 
cattle treated by von Behring or according to von Behring’s 
method. It has been shown that the resistance of these animals 
to tuberculosis has, in most cases, been increased and some- 
times considerably so. 

It.is to be observed, however, that many of the cattle re- 
ported upon by the above authors, were not vaccinated accord- 
ing to the method that von Behring now recommends, and as 
Eber says* ‘“* * * The tuberculin test is not a reliable means 
for determining the freedom of tuberculosis of an animal that 
has been treated with mild bovine or human tubercle bacilli un- 
less a long time (generally more than a half year) has elapsed 
since the last administration of infectious material. * * * Since 
neither of the treated cattle was vaccinated by the two-vaccina- 
tion methods with attenuated human tubercle bacilli according 

* Zeitschrift fur Thiermedicin, Band IX Heft 3-4, 1905. 


546 PEARSON AND GILLILAND. 


to the method now recommended by von Behring, the conclu- 
sions that are reached as a result of my investigations have only 
a relative bearing on an estimation of the value of the method 
now recommended by von Behring. 

“The results of the investigations show, however, that it is 
possible to confer upon cattle by treating them with attenuated 
bovine or human tubercle bacilli a certain degree of resistance 
to artificial tuberculosis infection. 

‘Whether this resistance, as produced by the two-vaccina- 
tion method, with attenuated human tubercle bacilli, that is 
now in use, furnishes protection against natural infection can 
only be determined by years of careful observation and the 
greatest possible number of animals immunized in this way and 
controls at the time of slaughter.” 

Hutyra* has reported some work conducted by him in 1903 
and 1904 at the Royal Veterinary College of Hungary wherein 
he tested the immunity of calves vaccinated according to von 
Behring’s method with material furnished by von Behring and 
also with material prepared from cultures made by himself. 
Hutyra tested the resistance of his vaccinated animals by inoc- 
ulating them with virulent bovine tubercle bacilli and their re- 
sistance was compared to that of unvaccinated animals. He 
found that nearly all of the vaccinated animals had more resis- 
tance than the unvaccinated animals. One animal treated with 
von Behring’s vaccine (No. 3) appeared to have received no 
immunity as a result of vaccination. Hutyra’s own vaccine 
material from different sources appeared to give a noticeably 
higher degree of immunity than that obtained from von Beh- 
ring’s. 

Recently, a large number of cattle, amounting to several 
thousand, have been vaccinated after the von Behring method 
in Germany, Austria and Hungary. The process does not ap- 
pear to be free from danger in every instance, as is shown by the 
reports of Marks, Casper and others. It is as yet impossible to 
draw any conclusions whatever as to the efficacy of vaccinations 


* Bertrage zur Experimentellen Therapie, Heft 9, 1905. 


—— —--™ 


IMMUNIZATION OF CATTLE AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS. D47 


from the results of this great number of vaccinations of cattle 
on farms. ‘The only conclusion at which one may fairly arrive 
is that vaccination appears, 27 most cases, to be unattended by 
danger to the vaccinated animals. Whether immunity is con- 
ferred and, if so, whether it is sufficiently powerful or lasting 
for practical purposes is not yet shown by the practical applica- 
tion of von Behring’s method. Of the animals that have been 
vaccinated on farms and afterwards exposed to infection a 
number have been slaughtered and some have been found to be 
afflicted with tuberculosis, others have been found to be free 
from tuberculosis. The presence of lesions of tuberculosis is 
taken by some of von Behring’s observers to mean that the an- 
imal. was tubercular before it was vaccinated. Of course, this 
may be true. But it must be remembered that the absence of 
lesions of tuberculosis in vaccinated animals cannot fairly be 
taken to signify the existence of a serviceable degree of immu- 
nity unless it is shown that the conditions under which these 
animals were kept were such as to lead to the infection of a 
considerable proportion of unvaccinated animals. And this ev- 
idence is in most cases lacking. 

Klimmer has carried out some very useful investigations 
upon the immunization of cattle against tuberculosis at the 
Royal Veterinary College at Dresden.* Klimmer protests 
against sending out vaccine material in the dry, powdered state 
on account of the great danger to the operator who attempts, in 
the field, to prepare this material for use. Klimmer’s practice 
is to prepare suspensions of tubercle bacilli in the laboratory, 
just as has been done for a number of years at the laboratory of 
the Pennsylvania State Live Stock Sanitary Board. 

The vaccine material that has been prepared in Dresden ap- 
pears to be harmless to the vaccinated animals, and indications 
thus far are that it confers a serviceable degree of immunity, 
but it is not yet possible to draw final conclusions from this 
work for the reason that the vaccinated animals are still living 
and it is impossible to determine positively whether they are 


* Berliner Tierarztliche Wochenschrift, July 5, 1905. 


548 PEARSON AND GILLILAND. 


free from tuberculosis. Klimmer proposes the use of a vaccine 
material made of mammalian tubercle bacilli that have been 
rendered less virulent by passage through a cold blooded ani- 
mal. The advantage from such a culture would lie in the total 
absence of danger to the operator. 

Work upon the vaccination of cattle against tuberculosis at 
the laboratory of the State Live Stock Sanitary Board of Penn- 
sylvania commenced in the year rgoo. It has, therefore, been 
underway for about five years. We were able to show three 
years ago’ that it was possible to increase the resistance of ani- 
mals to tuberculosis to a very high degree by treating them with 
several intravenous inoculations of non-virulent tubercle bacilli 
of human type. ‘Two cattle thus treated were inoculated intra- 
tracheally with a suspension of bovine tubercle bacilli, and both 
of them wholly resisted. the inoculation. The only lesions in 
either of these anima!s was a slight thickening upon the wall of 
the trachea at the place where the hypodermic needle was in- 
serted. ‘Two unvaccinated animals, inoculated at the same 
time, in the same way, with the same quantity of bovine tuber- 
cle bacilli, from the same culture, became extensively infected 
with tuberculosis, showing the lesions on the mucous membrane 
of the trachea and bronchi, in the lungs, and in the bronchial, 
mediastinal and postpharyngeal lymphatic glands. 

The immunity that was obtained in the case of these two 
animals resulted from the administration of seven intravenous 
injections of vaccine material during a period of ten weeks. The 
doses of tubercle bacilli ranged from 13 to 26 mg. While this 
experiment, and other similar experiments, were sufficient to 
lead us to the conclusion that animals may be rendered im- 
mune to tuberculosis, it was at the same time evident that a 
process depending upon the application of vaccine material 
seven different times, would be of comparatively small value in 
general practice. Therefore, we set ourselves to the study of the 
effects of other methods of vaccination and to the development 
of a simple and effective method. During the past three years 


* Philadelphia Medical Journal, November 29, 1902. 


IMMUNIZATION OF CATTLE AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS. 549 


we have attempted to determine the immunizing effects of sev- 
eral strains of tubercle bacilli. We have administered vaccines 
in different doses, at long and short intervals and with varying 
numbers of doses. 

For these experiments we have been supplied by the State 
Live Stock Sanitary Board with a large number of animals. For 
two years we have had the use of a farm where about one hun- 
dred cattle have been kept for experimental purposes. We have 
also had the use of stables at the Veterinary Department of the 
University of Pennsylvania, where from twenty to twenty-five 
cattle have been kept, together with numerous goats and small 
laboratory animals. Through the use of the farm, we have 
been enabled to keep a considerable number of cattle under 
practical farm conditions. 

During the time that they have been under observation in 
our,experiments, the resistance to tuberculosis of vaccinated an- 
imals has been tested through exposure to natural infection and 
by inoculation. When vaccinated animals have been exposed 
to infection and when they have been inoculated, unvaccinated, 
control animals have been equally exposed or inoculated. We 
regard this use of controls of the highest importance, because it 
is only in this way that a definite standard for comparison can 
be provided in order to measure the extent of resistance to a 
given amount of exposure. Moreover, it is only by the use of 
controls that one can ascertain whether exposure under natural 
conditions has been ‘sufficient to lead to the infection of unvac- 
cinated animals. 

It is not enough to associate vaccinated cattle with tubercu- 
lar cattle and then to conclude that the vaccinated cattle were 
immune because, when they were killed, they did not show le- 
sions of tuberculosis. It might readily happen that the expo- 
sure was not sufficient to lead to the infection of unvaccinated 
cattle ; but if, upon equal exposure, we find that the unvacci- 
nated cattle are tuberculous, and the vaccinated cattle are free 
from tuberculosis, then we may safely and justly conclude that 
the vaccinated cattle received immunity from their vaccination. 


550 PEARSON AND GILLILAND. 


Our proof is based upon such clear evidence as this, frequently 
repeated. 

Our experiments have shown that different strains of tuber- 
cle bacilli have different immunizing values. Avian tubercle 
bacilli may produce an intoxication resulting in great emacia- 
tion, but avian cultures do not appear to confer upon animals so 
much immunity as results from the use of mammalian cultures 
that are non virulent for the animals upon which they are used. 
In order to produce artificial immunity in mammals it appears 
to be necessary to vaccinate with an attenuated mammalian cul- 
ture. ; 

We have not found any advantage either in respect to the 
degree of immunity or economy of time in the use of several 
vaccines made from cultures of different and progressive degrees 
of virulence. 

The amount of immunity bears a rather definite proportion 
to the number of vaccinations and the amount of vaccine mate- 
rial used, provided however, that the animal be not “ over vac- 
cinated ;” that is, that the vaccinations are not too close to one 
another, and that an excessive amount of vaccine is not adminis- 
tered. By over vaccination the resistance of an animal to tuber- 
culosis may be reduced to a point below normal, or a fatal tox- 
cemia may be caused. 

Experiments have been made wherein animals vaccinated 
with different doses and different numbers of doses have been 
inoculated at the same time, and in the same way. While the 
resistance ofall of the vaccinated animals to the inoculation has 
been much greater than the resistance of unvaccinated animals, 
it has been possible to observe a marked difference between an- 
imals vaccinated in different ways. For example, an animal 
vaccinated five times has more resistance than an animal vacci- 
nated four times, and other conditions being equal, an animal 
vaccinated four times has more resistance than an animal vacci- 
nated three times. 

From the practical standpoint, it is more important to ascer- 
tain the amount of vaccination that is necessary to protect ani- 


IMMUNIZATION OF CATTLE AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS. 551 


mals under customary conditions of exposure and the shortest 
possible time during which a sufficient degree of immunity may 
be conferred, that it is to determine how great a degree of im- 
munity may be produced. 

Since it has been necessary to try a great number of differ- 
ent methods of vaccination, and since the time required for an 
experiment of this sort is much greater than is usual in experi- 
ments conducted through laboratories of hygiene, it has been 
difficult and time consuming to accumulate evidence upon 
which to base a general method for’the vaccination of cattle. 

It is already clearly evident that different degrees of immu- 
nity, and serviceable degrees of immunity, may be obtained at 
will. Under natural conditions, animals differ in respect to 
their inherited or acquired resistance to tuberculosis. Condi- 
tions of exposure differ, being very much greater upon some 
farms and in some herds than in others. ‘Therefore, it seems to 
be reasonable to conclude that animals will require more artifi- 
cial immunity to tuberculosis under some conditions than under 
others. The case is similar to the protection of cattle against 
anthrax by vaccination. In Pennsylvania we have found by ex- 
perience, extending over a series of years, that the immunity 
conferred by vaccinating with the first and second vaccine of 
Pasteur usually is sufficient. On a few farms, however, the ex- 
posure appears to be more intense and it is found that on such 
farms it is necessary to use the third vaccine of Pasteur. Ex- 
perience may show that it will be necessary to vaccinate differ- 
ent breeds of animals, and animals kept under different condi- 
tions, in slightly different ways. 

The amount of immunity that is conferred by three vacci- 
nations is rather high, and will probably be sufficient in most 
cases. Indeed, two vaccinations may supply a sufficient amount 
of immunity under some conditious. Under other conditions it 
may be necessary to vaccinate four times. 

The subject of the duration of immunity is very important, 
and is one that can be solved only by observations upon a large 
series of vaccinated cattle, some of which may be killed and ex- 


552 PEARSON AND GILLILAND. 


amined post-mortem from time to time during a term of years. 
Of course it is necessary that animals kept for this purpose shall 
constantly be exposed to infection and unvaccinated controls 
must be similarly exposed, and the post-mortem results must 
show that the amount of exposure was sufficient to cause the in- 
fection of the unvaccinated animals. 

Our own experiments indicate that artificial immunity may 
endure at least two years, and there is every reason to expect 
that additional experiments will show that immunity will be of 
longer duration than this. Perhaps it may last throughout the 
entire life of the animal; but conclusions on this point are en- 
tirely premature. 

The effect of tuberculosis vaccination upon cattle already in- 
fected with tuberculosis has also received our attention* ; it has 
been found that intravenous injections of tubercle bacilli of hu- . 
man type, non virulent for cattle, have a very marked influence 
not only in restraining the progress of existing lesions but also 
in causing them to become encapsulated and to recede. In other 
words, such treatment appears to have a marked curative effect 
on some tuberculous animals. But this statement should be ac- 
companied by a note of warning. We do not for a moment 
wish to imply that it is practicable, or even possible, at this 
time, to cure tuberculous cattle. The observations to be made 
in this direction are regarded by us as of importance chiefly as 
tending to throw additional light on the subject of immunity. 
It was shown that the treatment given had the same immuniz- 
ing effect upon infected animals as upon healthy animals. The 
effect of the immunization in these cases was, first, to prevent 
the further dissemination of infection and, second, to cause the 
encapsulation and delimitation of the existing lesions. 

It is probable that this method of treatment may prove to be 
of value with relation to young animals, or animals known to 
be but recently infected with tuberculosis. Such treatment will 
always have to be carried out with the most extreme care and 

* University of Pennsylvania Medical Bulletin, April, 1905. AMERICAN VET- 
ERINARY REVIEW, 1905. 


IMMUNIZATION OF CATTLE AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS. 553 


under conditions that can be very fully controlled. It is not to 
be recommended for general practice. 

As to the application of vaccination against tuberculosis : 
vaccination, properly applied, is effective and we believe that it 
will prove to be of very great practical value. It is not possible 
on most American farms to establish a separate herd of infected 
cattle and to keep the infected cattle as separate and distinct 
from the uninfected cattle as is necessary, if tuberculosis is to 
be treated according to the Bang system. ‘The alternative, if 
tuberculosis is to be eradicated, is to destroy all of the animals 
that react to the tuberculin test. The latter plan involves a 
great deal of waste and loss, which, heretofore, has been un- 
avoidable and which has been amply justified because it has 
been less than that resulting from the continuation of the in- 
fection in the herd. 

But it is important that a better, a less expensive, and, if 
possible, a more effective method shall be devised. It appears 
to be highly probable that vaccination may supply this method. 
It is admittedly impossible to test with tuberculin all of the 
tuberculous herds of a state. Therefore, it is not possible to 
discover and to either destroy or sequester all of the cattle that 
may be distributers of tuberculosis. Herds freed from tubercu- 
losis by the use of the tuberculin test are always exposed to re- 
infection and must be guarded by the double testing of all re- 
cruits and by systematic reinspections of the herd. All of this 
may be, and is, carried through successfully, and should be 
practiced to a much greater extent than it is, unless an equally 
effective and cheaper method can be devised. 

It will be a great step in advance to be able not only to dis- 
cover that an animal is free from tuberculosis, but also to render 
that animal permanently immune to infection. It will bea 
great advantage to beable so totreat young cattle that they may 
resist tuberculosis even though they are continually exposed. 
The advantage to the breeder, of being able, not only, to grow 
a herd free from tuberculosis, but immune to tuberculosis, will 
be very great. We believe that all of this may be looked for- 


d04 PEARSON AND GILLILAND. 


ward to; but until more experiments and observations are com- 
pleted, vaccination should be applied only under such condi- 
tions as will permit exact observations to be made, and each 
vaccination must, for the present, be regarded as a scientific 
experiment. ; 


THE Horse’s FAILING.—Hans, the ruralist, was in search 
of a horse. ‘I’ve got the very thing you want,” said Bill Len- 
nox, the stableman, ‘‘a thorough-going road horse. Five years 
old, sound as a quail, $175 cash down, and he goes ten miles 
without stopping.” Hans threw his hands skyward. ‘ Not 
for me,” he said, ‘‘not for me. I wouldn’t gif you 5 cents for 
him. I live eight miles out in de country, und I’d haf to walk 
back two miles.” —(Norman, Oklahoma, Voice.) 

YEAST TREATMENT FOR BARRENNESS.—Dr. A. S. Alex- 
ander, Chief of the Veterinary Department of Wisconsin Agri- 
cultural College, recommends a trial of the following formula 
for yeast mixture, to be used in case of barrenness of cows, sows 
and mares: Mix an ordinary two-cent cake of yeast to a paste 
with a little warm water, and allow to stand for twelve hours in 
a moderately warm place; then stir in one pint of freshly boiled, 
lukewarm water and allow to,stand for eight to twelve hours. 
Mixture then will be ready for use, and entire quantity should 
be injected into vagina of animals to be bred. Use the mixture, 
when period of heat is first detected, and breed when period is 
about ended. The same treatment is recommended in the case 
of cows which have aborted. 

A NOVEL FEATURE AT A STATE FarR.—A special exhibit 
at the Wisconsin State fair will be made by the Wisconsin State 
Live Stock Sanitary Board. The exhibit will consist of the 
slaughtering of animals diseased with tuberculosis, indicating 
how the disease shows itself, how the symptoms can be detected 
aud other valuable information. The exhibit will be in the 
immediate charge of Dr. H. L. Russell, bacteriologist at the 
State University, and Dr. E. D. Roberts, State Veterinarian, and 
they will have a sufficient number of assistants. Dr. Russell 
will present lectures of popular-scientific character so that the 
demonstrations will be easily understood by all and the lectures 
will be accompanied with practical exhibitions, in which the 
stock shown will be slaughtered and the diseased parts dis- 
sected and explained. 


Or 


REVISION OF THE PHARMACOPCEIA OF THE UNITED STATES. dD 


A REVIEW AND CRITICISM OF THE EIGHTH DECEN- 
NIAL REVISION OF THE PHARMACOPEIA 
OF THE UNITED STATES. 


By E. IL, QUITMAN, V.S., CHICAGO, ILL. 


Read betore the 42d Annual Meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association at 
Cleveland, Ohio, August 15-18, 1905. 


At last, after a lapse of five years (two years longer than us- 
ual) following the meeting of the U.S. P. Convention, the U. S. 
P. of 1900 has made its appearance, a larger, a better and a more 
accurate work than any of its predecessors, yet not entirely free 
from adverse criticism, which, however, is considerably over- 
balanced by the many commendable changes. 

On account of so many radical changes I have assumed that 
an article of this kind, at this time, will be of more value to the 
veterinary profession than if I had held to my originally an- 
nounced subject (‘‘General Remarks on Veterinary Therapeu- 
tics”) inasmuch as the changes are as important to our frater- 
nity as they are to the medical profession, and it matters not 
whether you prescribe or furnish medicine from your own phar- 
macy, it is of the most vital importance that you become con- 
versant with these changes from the U. S. P. of 1890. 

In a number of instances you wil] have to learn entire new 
names for old favorite drugs, in other cases you will have to 
learn new doses, especially as applies to tinctures ; for in this 
condition the very commendable attempts to unify the strength 
_ of tinctures has been carried out. 

It shall be my purpose to give only a very brief review of 
the U. S. P. of 1900, mentioning only the more important 
changes as far as they relate to the veterinary profession, with 
the hope that you will become sufficiently interested to procure 
for yourselves a copy of this most important work, by doing 
which you will save yourselves many grievous errors and at the 
same time encourage a work that has done more than any other 
single line of work, in bringing order out of chaos. Think fora 
moment what a chaotic condition of affairs in medicine there 


556 E. L. QUITMAN, 


would be if there was no book of this kind to define exactly 
by what name and of what strength certain preparations of a 
drug should be—prescription writing would be an impossibility, 
doses would be entirely arbitrary and each drug known by as 
many different names as there were manufacturing druggists— 
writings or conversations on materia medica and therapeutics 
would be almost unintelligible to the practitioners of various 
parts of the country—one manufacturer would make a certain 
tincture or fluid extract of one strength, another of another 
strength, and so on; and, again, the various preparations, ex- 
tracts, fluid extracts, tinctures, etc., would have a variety of 
fantastic names instead of well-defined terms and processes of 
manufacture. 

The U. S. P. of 1900 becomes official from Sept. 1, 1905. 
With these prefatory remarks, I will now proceed with the 
work in hand: 

We first notice that more definiteness has been placed on the 
standard of purity for the purpose of making a dividing line be- 
tween medical and commercial products of the same agent; next 
our attention is called to more thorough alkaloidal assays 
than heretofore existed, as the new Pharmacopceia contains 
a greater number of alkaloidal strengths of the more active 
and important vegetable drugs than the previous editions. This 
is of the utmost importance in medico-legal matters aside from 
its value in the manufacture of the pharmaceutical preparations 
and the study of physiological actions and therapeutics ; then 
an average (human) dose is given, this being the first time that 
such has been done, it is specifically stated, however, that such 
doses are not obligatory nor is the physician forbidden to exceed 
them ; thus it is seen that they, unlike the other matter of the 
book, are not so given as “ law,” but merely as a guide. 

A praiseworthy feature was the readoption of the spelling of 
alkaloids with the final e, which serves to distinguish them 
from glucosides; thus morphine, quinine, etc., will be spelled 
as heretofore, and not morphin, quinin, etc., as advocated by 
Gould and other chemical writers. 


REVISION OF THE PHARMACOPCEIA OF THE UNITED STATES. 557 


An attempt is also made to do away with the innumerable 
synonyms, by omitting them from the text of the book and by 
adding an appeal to the medical profession and pharmacists to 
use only the proper Latin or English titles given. This is a 
feature that we should all join in, as it will do much to avoid 
confusion in prescribing and dispensing and in literature or 
conversation relating to drugs. 

One of the most, or perhaps the most tmportant change, and 
to which I call your special attention, is to the standardizing of 
the strengths of tinctures of the potent drugs to Zen per cent.— 
most notable of which and important to veterinarians on ac- 
count of its extensive use in our practice is the tincture of 
aconite, which is now practically only of 10 per cent. strength 
instead of 35 per cent. as formerly, thus the dose of the new of- 
ficial tincture will be about three and a half times as much as 
the former tincture, also tincture of veratrum is now Io per 
cent. instead of 4o per cent., thus its dose will have to be in- 
creased fourfold; tincture of strophanthus is increased from 5 per 
cent. to 10 percent. Thus its dose will have to be cut in two. 

The less potent tinctures, with but few exceptions, have 
been made of a standard of 20 per cent. strength. 

Inasmuch as the veterinarian uses mostly of the fluid ex- 
tracts and but comparatively few of the tinctures, he will be less 
affected by this change than the practitioner of human medi- 
cine. However, considerable caution will have to be shown for 
some time to come after September 1, 1905, in prescribing, so 
as to know whether the druggist is dispensing the tinctures of 
_ the old or of the new standard—this, of course, will also have 
to be watched in getting drugs from the wholesale dealer. 

These changes will, of course, result in considerable confu- 
sion at first and perhaps some serious errors may occur, which I 
hope will be averted by extensive advertising of the changes. 
However, they are a change in the right direction, as heretofore 
the tinctures varied in strength from 1 to 50 per cent. The 
standard of strength of fluid extracts (100 per cent.) and of the 
liquid arsenical preparations (I per cent.) remain as heretofore. 


or 
or 
io 9) 


E. L. QUITMAN. 


Of the serum products only one was admitted, diphtheria 
antitoxin, under the official title of ‘‘serum antidiphthericum.”’ 

Two of the animal products were admitted, namely “ glan- 
dulze thyroidez siccze”” and “ glandule suprarenales sicce.” 

The titles of a number of the old official articles were altered, 
as stated by the Pharmacopceia, ‘‘ for the purpose of bringing 
them into harmony with the principles of nomenclature fol- 
lowed in other parts of the work, or to make them more expres- 
sive of the character of the article or, preparation which they 
designate.’ One of the most important, and I might say unique, 
among the changes is that of the Latin name for fluzd extracts. 
This, as is well known, was formerly desiguated, for example, as 
“ extractum belladonne fluidum,” which under the new nomen- 
clature becomes “ fluidextractum belladonne,” or, in other words, 
the U. S. Pharmacopceia Convention has coined a new word by 
making one word of what has previous to this time been two 
words, and I fear they have laid themselves open to criticism 
by philologists for compounding a word which is half English 
and half Latin. 

I also fear that it will cause errors by pharmacists in reading 
prescriptions, as it will be by lazy prescribers abbreviated into 
‘“‘Re,”, which if hastily or poorly written may be read as ‘“ Tr.” 
(for tincture) and wvzce versa a poorly written abbreviation for 
tincture (Tr.) may be read for the abbreviation Fe. for fluid ex- 
tracts. Their only excuse is that it renders the indexing of 
drugs easier, clearly separating the fluid extracts from the ex- 
tracts in an alphabetical manner. 

Among other important changes of drug nomenclature may 
be mentioned the changing of acidum arsenosum to arseni tri- 
oxidum ; acidum chromicum to chromii trioxidum ; acidum car- 
bolicum to phenol; chloral to chloralum hydratum ; amy] nitris 
to amylis nitris; apomorphine hydrochloras to apomorphine 
hydrochloridum ; cocainze hydrochloras to cocainz hydrochlori- 
dum ; ferri oxidum dydratum to ferri hydroxidum ; glyceritum 
acidi carbolici to glyceritum phenolis; all salts ending in hy- 
drochloras become hydrochloridum; likewise hydrobromates 


REVISION OF THE PHARMACOPCIA OF THE UNITED STATES, 5d 


ie) 


become hydrobromides ; liquor potassze becomes liquor potassii 
hydroxidi; liquor sodz becomes liquor sodz hydroxidi. Napht- 
alinum is changed in spelling to naphthalenum ; potassii bi- 
chromas is transformed into potassii dichromas ; resorcinum be- 
comes resorcinol ; salol is phenylis salicylas ; sodii hyposulphis 
to sodii thiosulphus; spiritus glonoini to spiritus glycerylis ni- 
tratis; the above and other similar changes in nomenclature are 
changed for “chemical” reasons, the new names being correct 
from a chemical standpoint. 

Aloe barbadensis and aloe socotrina will be considered equal 
under the official title of ‘‘aloe”’ ; colchici radix is changed to 
colchici cormus; veratrum viride to simple “ veratrum.” The 
above mentioned are but a few of one hundred and thirty-nine 
changes and are deemed sufficient to cause the profession to look 
up the matter more thoroughly by reference to the original work. 

One hundred and seventeen (117) new drugs have been added, 
among the better known of which are acetonum, acidum cam- 
phoricum, acidum hydriodicum dilutum, aconitina, adeps lane, 
antipyrina, bismuthi subgallas and subsalicylas, codeine phos- 
phas and sulphas, colchicina, cresol (commonly known as cre- 
sylic acid), elixir ferri, quininze et strychninze phosphatum and a 
glycerite of the same of four times the strength (the syrup has 
been and is still official), acetic acid fluid extract of lobelia, fluid 
extractum staphisagriz, fluid extractum stramonii, guaiacol, 
guaiacolis carbonas, iodolum, liquor antisepticus (similar to lis- 
terine), liquor cresoHs compositus (similar to creolin), liquor 
formaldehydi, oleatum atropine (2 per cent.), cocaine (5 per 
cent.), and quinine (25 per cent.), pelletierince tannas, stroph- 
anthinum, syrupus hypophosphitum compositus, ungnentum 
hydrargyri dilutum, zinci phenolsulphonas (formerly known as 
zinc sulphocarbolate), etc. 

One hundred and fifty-one (151) articles heretofore official 
have been dropped ; among which are twenty-five extracts, sev- 
eral of the drugs or preparations are of undoubted value, more 
so than some remaining official; for instance, tincture arnica 
root is dismissed ; this is more active internally than the tinct- 


560 E. L. QUITMAN. 


ure of the flowers, which remains official ; elixir, oil and spirit 

of phosphorus, carbonate of lead, tincture of bryonia and too 

many others to enumerate here. It might be well to add that 

petrolatum molle and petrolatum spissum have been dropped ; 

one word (‘‘ petrolatum ’’) is now used to embrace both. 
RECAPITULATION. 

Articles official in 1890, 994; articles official in 1g00, 958 
—decrease 36; articles dismissed in 1900, 151; articles added 
in I900, 117; names changed 139. 

It can readily be noticed from the brief outline of the changes 
noted above that the practitioner of medicine, the dispensing 
druggist and the manufacturing druggist, all will be materially 
affected in various ways by the changes, the most dangerous of 
allis the change of strength of tr. aconite. Think what it will 
mean to the patient, either human or veterinary, if the prescriber 
writes for tr. aconite in dosage of the new strength (10 per cent.) 
and a dull brained druggist fills the prescription with some old 
(35 per cent.) tincture. : 

In my opinion all of the tinctures had best be dropped from 
the Pharmacopceia ; they are a useless addition to the long list 
of medicines, their doses do not compare with the crude drug in 
a direct ratio, as does the fluid extracts ; and, again, their action 
is often altered by the large amount of alcohol used as a men- 
struum and occasionally a dangerous concentration occurs due to 
evaporation of the alcoholic solvent, thus concentrating a former 
tincture to nearly a fluid extract strength. 

With the fluid extracts there are no such objections, they 
are more permanent, not sufficient alcohol to alter the physiolog- 
ical actions of the drug used, strength in uniform ratio of drug 
used, dosage is easily reniembered and in every way they are 
superior to tinctures. 

Let us hope that the next or ninth decennial revision of the 
U.S. P. will drop out the tinctures for the good of all concerned. 

If the above random notes have served the purpose of attract- 
ing your attention towards matters new in the U. S. P. of 1900, 
the writer will feel himself amply repaid. 


AZOTURIA, 561 


AZOTURIA. 


By I. A. Rusy, V. S., PLyMouTH, OHIO. 
Read before the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association, January 18, 1905. 


This mysterious and occult disease was not chosen as a sub- 
ject, with the object in view of enlightening the veterinarians 
of this Association. It is only hoped that something may be 
said which will provoke a discussion that will benefit us all ; 
however, this paper has been prepared on the presumption that 
no questions shall by propounded to the writer, and I hope the 
President will defend your servant by indorsing the presump- 
tion. The purpose is to depart to a certain degree from the 
threadbare doctrines found in the old text books, and think a 
little for ourselves. The writer has been accused of ignoring 
text books and “cut and dried” formulz on certain occasions, 
but we must not lose sight of them. They are the snub-posts 
around which we occasionally throw our coil of rope to hold us 
to our moorings. It is pleasant at times to deviate from the 
trodden paths of established science, into the byways of nature’s 
undisturbed fields, and now and then pluck some wild flowers 
that we may carry them back to compare the beauty of their 
petals with those of their cultured relatives. We are inclined 
to do a little speculating if we be able to obtain the necessary 
means without ‘“‘ Chadwicking ”’ any of our fellow practitioners ; 
but hark! while we are, in our imaginations, toying with poet- 
ical fancies, an alarm comes from the great chemical laboratory 
of animated nature. 

The contents of some unlabelled test tube or other recepta- 
cle has escaped, and coming in chemical contact with other ele- 
ments, threatens the destruction of the whole apparatus. Two 
things are obviously necessary, viz.: to devise some means of 
avoiding a present catastrophe, and learn the nature of the cause 
in order to prevent arecurrence of the phenomenon. We shall 
now turn from the fanciful to the real, and note a few obser- 
vations in connection with azoturia, and endeavor to make de- 
ductions therefrom. We note first, that the solidungulous only 


562 I, A. RUBY, 


are susceptible ; second, that the attack follows a season of rest ; 
third, emaciated animals are not attacked; fourth, that the sub- 
ject is an animal that feeds and assimilates readily ; fifth, that 
the first symptoms follow a certain amount of physical exercise. 
The above observations will form a basis for a series of ques- 
tions, first of which is, why is the disease confined to solipeds ? 
Is it not much more than probable that it is due to a peculiar 
feature of angiology in the visceral organs of the horse? For 
some unknown reason, according to Dr. Jas. Law, a part of the 
foetal circulation is not eliminated ; and in consequence a por- 
tion of the new and unprepared blood is carried from the portal 
vein and emptied into the general circulation, skipping the por- 
tal circulation, and thereby lacking the elaboration of some par- 
tially understood function of the liver. The liver may be in 
normal condition, and perfectly able to perform the task, but if 
the work is not brought to its office, it cannot be done. In view 
of the facts that none but solipeds have this disease, and none 
but solipeds have this peculiar freak in the circulation, is it not 
plausible that here is the basis of the pathological process ob- 
served in this disease? This alone, however, will not make 
clear the various conditions which will arise. It will be nee- 
essary to keep in mind the observations above named. 

We will not repeat them, but will takethem up as necessary 
in the process of our discussion. We have already put the liver in 
the sweat box, examined it with reference to its connection with 
the trouble, and have granted it an honorable acquittal. Other 
organs, however, become associated with the existing abnormal 
conditions. ‘The next question to arise is, why will the horse 
not be attacked while standing? Instead of taking this ques- 
tion alone and following with others in their order, we shall call 
a subject into the line of mental vision, and watch the patho- 
logical progress and note the results. The horse now stands be- 
fore you; he is a good feeder ; he is able to absorb the nourish- 
ing elements from the ingesta; he has been standing idle with 
good rich food ; he is in a plethoric condition ; his spirits are 
high and he looks able for fatigue duty; his blood is laden with 


AZOTURIA. 563 


albuminous and nitrogenous matters which are doing no harm, 
for they are not poisons. 

Now bring out the horse. He is hitched, and away he goes 
with more than his ordinary vigor. Asa result he breathes faster 
and more deeply, and the excess of oxygen, coming in contact 
with the crude blood above named, in the process of osmosis in 
the capillary circulation of the pulmonary system, changes 
the previously harmless elements into urea and hippuric acid, 
which are poisons. ‘These being produced in large quantities 
viciate the blood, so that in passing through the ramifications 
of the cerebral circulation, the nerve centres are functionally 
deranged and the large plexi appear to become the storm centres. 
At least the large and powerful muscles which are situated in 
relation to them are the onescommonly affected. These largely 
developed muscles, such as the caput magnum and glutens max- 
imus, having such an abundant blood supply that they may be 
acted upon topically by the viciated blood in passing through 
them. ‘The various poisonous elements in the blood, under nor- 
mal conditions, are excreted by the kidneys, and we find the 
purest blood in the renal vein. In this disease a vast flow of 
blood containing the poisonous elements above named, as well 
as those existing under normal conditions, and perhaps disinte- 
grated blood corpuscles, are forced upon the kidneys and after 
a vain effort to perform the Herculean task, they fail. The 
skin as a dear excretory friend flies to their assistance, and after 
a futile effort and a flood of tears it also gives up in despair, and 
last of all comes the doctor, but it is not always easy to tell how 
many animated agencies have been sandwiched between the skin 
and the doctor. Up to this point nothing has been said with 
reference to the nosology of the disease, but you will more than 
surmise that we classify it as a blood disease. The lymphatic 
system being a part of the vascular system, no doubt has more 
ot less connection with the conditions in azoturia. 

Nature is a rigid economist and makes a vigorous effort to 
prevent any of its material from being wasted. When the ani- 
mal is at work, the excess of albuminous and nitrogenous mat- 


564 I. A. RUBY. 


ter is consumed and no ill results follow ; but when he is idle, 
the rich and nourishing elements are carried to the tissues as 
usual, and what is not needed to support him in idleness, is again 
absorbed by the lymphatic glands and poured into the general 
circulation through the thoracic duct and right lymphatic vein. 
This will do no harm while he is quiet, as before remarked. 
How harmoniously the work is carried on when all the absorb- 
ing and secreting and excreting glands are able to do the work 
set before them. In regard to preventive measures, little need 
be said in addition to what may be implied from the foregoing. 

The horse undoubtedly was given to us as a laboring ser- 
vant, and whenever there is any deviation from nature’s inten- 
tions, a penalty must be paid unless precautionary means are 
practiced. Unless the animal is working, the feeding should be 
moderated and the excretory organs should be kept in active 
condition. One of the principal unwritten laws of nature might 
be expressed in a single word; work. But in order that work 
may be accomplished, the conditions must be favorable. .The 
products of machinery must be taken out of the way that work 
may continue. A ferment will not act in the presence of its 
own product. A full tail-race will stop the mill. The ques- 
tions might be asked—are mares more susceptible to azoturia 
than horses? and isthe subject in more danger of future attacks 
because of his having had it once ortwice? I would answer 
both in the negative. My observation would lead me to answer 
‘“no” to the first, as well as the fact that i do not believe the 
nervous temperament, peculiar to sex, has primarily any connec- 
tion with the pathology of this disease. I have known very few 
subjects to have a second attack. This may be due, in part, to 
the following of advice given as to care in the future, but as I 
do not regard it as an organic disease, I fail to see the necessity 
of a recurrence, if the cause of the first attack is completely re- 
moved from the system. This leads us to the consideration of 
the treatment ; and in respect to this, the general directions 
might be couched in a single word, viz.: Edmznate. 

Stimulate the bowels, the kidneys, and the skin to their full 


—— = 


AZOTURIA, 565 


capacity in ridding the blood of the offensive matter. Take all 
feed away in the early part of the treatment, but allow a plenti- 
ful supply of water. Throw the governor belt, lift the pop- 
valve, open the stop cocks, pull out the fuel, scatter the fire, and 
let the machine run down. Now what shall be said as to spe- 
cific remedies? I would like to see the list of drugs that have 
not been prescribed in treatment of this disease. First, if pos- 
sible, get the patient into comfortable quarters with ample room, 
and if not able to stand give a deep, dry, and clean bed. If there 
is danger of self injury, control him mechanically and by means 
of chloral, or cannabis indica. Give eserine one and one-half 
grains and pilocarpine three grains, and if not followed by 
copious evacuations, follow in two or three hours witha bolus 
of eight drachms of socotrine aloes and a drachm of calomel. 
Give sweet spirits of nitre one ounce, and elixir of acetate of 
potash, juniper and buchu, one ounce every two hours, until the 
kidneys are sufficiently active. Give one ounce of bicarbonate 
of soda three times a day, until the color of the urine approaches 
the normal. When further continuance of the above is no 
longer indicated, finish the treatment with Fowler’s solution, 
one 0z., fluid extract of nux vomica one dr., and fluid extract of 
gentian one dr., given four times a day. Slings may be used to 
advantage in some cases, but in others they are a decided detri- 
ment. The practitioner should be guided by his judgment in 
each individual case. As to the use of the catheter, little need 
be said, as that subject was thoroughly discussed at the last 
meeting of this Association, at which time it was the concensus 
of opinion that the use of the catheter in all cases where it is 
possible should be discarded, and superceded by warm applica- 
tions and digital pressure. Many other points might be men- 
tioned, but no doubt they will come up in the line of discus- 
sion. There are many things yet to learn in connection with 
azoturia, but as in parturient paresis, some one may come up 
with a simple specific. 

In conclusion it might be remarked parenthetically, that, 
should the morning star of science arise above the horizon of the 


566 I, A. RUBY. 


veterinary domain, and shed its rays of light upon this disease, 
discovering and revealing all its intricacies, it is to be hoped 
that in consideration of the interests of all devoted and legally 
qualified veterinarians, no government bureau or editor with 
veterinary proclivities will add further utility to the “bike 
pump” whose appendix of rubber tubing and milk siphon, 
hangs in pendulous protrusion from the trouser pocket of farm- 
ers, charlatans and empirics. 


WILL Secretaries of the State Board of Veterinary Ex- 
aminers please send their names and addresses to the REVIEW, 
as we purpose publishing a list of all such boards and their Sec- 
retaries. Twenty-two States now have laws regulating the 
practice of veterinary medicine. 

AMBULANCE FOR THE EQUINE.—The Veterinary Journal, 
April, 1905, comments editorially upon the fact that notwith- 
standing the enormous number of horses that meet with acci- 
dents upon the streets of London, it is only recently that pro- 
visions have been made whereby maimed or wounded animals 
can be removed instead of being allowed to lie upon the pave- 
ment unable to get up and blocking traffic in many cases for 
several hours. Through the efforts of a philanthropic society 
known as the Dumb Friend’s League, equine ambulances to the 
number of five, are stationed in different parts of London and 
these ambulances are freely placed at the services of the public. 
We are pleased to state that nearly every city of note in the 
United States is supplied with both public and private ambu- 
lances. The public ambulances are in most instances owned 
and operated by Humane Societies at an expense to user only 
sufficient to operate the same. In inmost of our large cities many 
veterinary hospitals are equipped with a modern apparatus for 
the transportation of crippled animals. Ambulances of the 
equine variety are an absolute necessity in all well regulated 
cities, for aside from the humanitarian point of view itis a great 
convenience to be in a position to be able to immediately move 
disabled animals from the crowded streets, where most of the ac- 
cidents to beasts of burden occur. We know of no more pitiful 
sight than that presented by a poor dumb animal unable to rise 
to its feet and in its unavailing struggles bruising and cutting 
itself upon the hard pavement. Hence the great need of some 
appliance that such cases may be removed to some place where 
the proper attention can be given them.—(Western Vet.) 


i ee ee 


OPEN. ARTICULATIONS. 567 


OPEN ARTICULATIONS. 
By Dr. W. A. AxBy, HARRISON, OHIO. 


Read before the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association, January 17, 1905. 


In the veterinary profession, as in all others, there are many 
difficulties that have to be overcome; but by overcoming these 
difficulties they prove to be the conditions of our success. A 
life freed from all its difficulties would be shorn of all its possi- 
bilities of power, for power not called into active exercise lies 
dormant, and, powers suffered long to lie dormant die. 

Difficulties are a spur that awakens and compels us to exert 
our power, this exertion giving us new power. And so out of 
our difficulties is born new strength, not so much to result in 
something modern and startling, but rather the correct and sci- 
entific use of old means toward acquiring a definite end. 

On an occasion of this kind we are prone to recite the treat- 
ment of some rare disease or the performance of an unusual op- 
eration, but the success of the veterinarian is dependent far 
more upon his ability to apply the knowledge at his command 
in a methodical and thorough manner, to the cases in daily 
practice, than in the performance of a major operation. 

Therefore in consenting to read a paper before this Associa- 
tion to-day, I do so, not with the idea of telling you something 
new, but rather with the hope that something old might be said 
in new or differently arranged sentences, concerning a “difficult 
condition,” which will lead to a discussion, from which conclu- 
sions might be drawn that would be beneficial to all. 

This, gentlemen, is the only excuse I have to offer in asking 
your indulgence for a short time, while we relate our conclu- 
‘sions, based on actual experience and observation, on the surgi- 
cal and therapeutical treatment of “Open Articulations,” one of 
the most difficult, serious, and frequent traumatic conditions we 
are called upon to treat in practice; also one given but little 
attention by authors on veterinary surgery, and in the light of 
modern wound treatment a condition that is more often improp- 
erly treated than any with which I am acquainted. Many vet- 


568 W. A, AXBY. 


erinarians of to-day are using the same treatment recommended 
years ago, failing to apply in these cases the rational treatment 
given simple traumata. 

I deem a narration of the symptoms of this condition un- 
necessary, as you are all familiar with them, but a brief perusal 
of its pathogenesis will remind us of the serious nature of the 
trouble. 

An open joint isa wound in which common integument, lig- 
aments, and synovial membrane are ruptured, allowing the es- 
cape of synovia, and a mode of entrance for pathogenic organ- 
isms. These finding an ideal field for development, set up an 
irritation, causing inflammation, with its attendant train of 
symptoms; especially synovitis and often arthritis. 

Soon after the injury to the joint a limited swelling makes 
its appearance, and a small amount of pure synovia is discharged. 
Later, as the inflammation increases we have increased flow of. 
synovia, which coagulates on the wound as an amber colored 
clot. The joint now rapidly enlarges, becomes painful, then 
the temperature rises, the animal is restless, and the limb is 
kept in a constant state of motion; unless it be the elbow or 
stifle joint. There is total inability to bear weight on the 
limb, and should the animal lie down there is difficulty in ris- 
ing. 

Emaciation progresses rapidly, the animal is tucked up, the 
discharge from the joint becomes thin and watery and mixed 
with pus. 

If the case be allowed to progress, the articular cartilage be- 
comes necrotic and ulcerates; allowing the exposed ends of the 
articulation to come in direct contact. The discharge is now 
offensive and streaked with blood. The limb is greatly swollen ; 
multiple abscesses make their appearance around the joint, these 
rupture, terminating in sinuses, which lead into the articula- 
tion. The swelling becomes indurated, all the symptums be- 
come aggravated, and unless the animal be destroyed, death will 
usually ensue in from two to four weeks. 

Should the case assume a milder course, anchylosis of the 


OPEN ARTICULATIONS. 269 


joint may ensue, the parts to remain permanently enlarged, and 
if it be a joint of considerable motion the animal’s usefulness is 
lost unless it be for breeding purposes. 

One of the essentials in the rational treatment of any condi- 
tion is a clear understanding of its etiology. In open joint the 
true cause of the phenomena pzeviously mentioned is sepsis ; 
or the intrusion of bacteria into the joint. 

It would be difficult indeed to imagine a more fertile media 
for germ propagation than such a wound affords; the synovial 
membrane being very sensitive vields readily to their irritating 
influence. 

The germs usually gain entrance into the wound at the time 
of injury. A true knowledge of the cause of the various changes 
taking place in the open joint will avail us little in its success- 
ful treatment, unless we are enabled thereby to adopt a technique 
that will not only destroy this cause, but also protect the wound 
till nature repairs the damage. 

The early, thorough and painstaking application of the prin- 
ciples of antiseptic wound treatment fulfills every requisite of 
an ideal treatment, andthe practitioner who does not care to 
overcome the difficulties attendant upon their proper application 
in injuries of this kind, need not expect to become famous from 
their successful treatment. 

The use of poultices in treating open joint are never indi- 
cated (meaning by this flaxseed, bran, etc.) as they only tend to 
increase the vitality and development of the germs present. 
Blisters are little better ; they increase the pain by producing 
extension of the inflammation to the superficial parts without 
reducing it within the joint. True, this swelling produced 
tends to closure of the external opening, but this has but little 
effect upon the destructive process within the joint, and by 
retaining the germs, increases the liability to abscess forma- 
tion. 

We will now describe to you a line of treatment that has 
given excellent results in our practice. 

As the condition of the wound at the time treatment is re- 


570 W. AY JARBY: 


quested, makes a radical difference in the technique, we shall 
first consider the treatment of a recent case, one in which there 
is little inflammation. First, inquire into the history of the 
case ; then clip or shave the hair from an extensive area around 
the wound, wash with iodide of mercury soap and hot water, 
then with 1-200 Hg. Cl, sol. Now the wound may be thoroughly 
examined without danger of carrying infection into the depths 
of the joint. Removeall shreds of tissue and foreign material if 
present, and irrigate the wound with 1-5000 Hg. Cl, for 30 min., 
using for this purpose a fountain syringe with an extra length 
of tubing fitted with an ordinary milk tube. Should the opening 
into the joint be very small, enlarge sufhciently for thorough 
disinfection. The case is now ready for the occlusive dressing ; 
and as the open joint secretes profusely, apply an abundance of 
absorbent material; first, a quantity of tannoform and boric 
acid (1-8); over this multiple layers of gauze and cotton, the 
whole to be retained by a bandage, as immobility of the part is 
always to be desired. Apply as an external dressing a starch 
bandage, this not only limits motion but acts as a safe barrier 
against the intrusion of germs from without. 

Should there be no indications of sepsis, as indicated by the 
usual symptoms, this dressing may be allowed to remain for four 
or five days; when removed the wound is gently irrigated with 
hot sterile H,O and again protected in the same manner. 

If the progress of the case under this line of treatment should 
prove unsatisfactory, the temperature become elevated, and the 
limb be kept in a constant state of motion, and the wound se- 
crete freely, there has been a failure in rendering the parts asep- 
tic. In this case, remove the dressing, enlarge the original wound 
and irrigate with 1-2000 Hg.Cl, sol. for one hour; then for 30 
min. with 1-5000 same sol. and apply an aseptic pack of gauze 
and oakum, keeping the same saturated with an antiseptic sol. 
for 24 hours. If at the expiration of this period the symptoms 
are improved the dry dressing as previously recommended may 
be employed, this to be changed as necessary and the wound 
kept bandaged until entirely healed. Should the case be one 


OPEN AKTICULATIONS. 571 


of longer duration with severe pain, swelling, unhealthy dis- 
charge, and secondary abscess formation, the treatment should be 
directed first toward thorough disinfection of the joint, and the 
reduction of the inflammation, this being best accomplished by 
freely enlarging the original opening and the bold incision of all 
abscesses. Irrigate freely with antiseptic sol. and inject 5 per cent. 
sol. of protargol ; this non-irritant, penetrates into the tissues and 
has a specific effect against pyogenic bacteria. The joint should 
now be enveloped with gauze and oakum anda stream of hot 
normal salt sol. applied until the inflammation subsides and the 
pain and discharge has improved, when the dry dressing as pre- 
viously mentioned is to be applied and changed daily ; the joint 
to be irrigated and protargol sol. injected until the secretions 
become pure. Should the inflammation in the joint remain to 
any extent as healing progresses, the use of the plastic dress- 
ings, as “‘ Thermofuge” or ‘‘Oxychlorine,” applied to the entire 
joint, will assist materially in its reduction, at the same time 
protecting the wound from further infection. 

Where the application of bandages is not practical, as in the 
shoulder, hip and stifle joint, the swelling is usually excessive ; 
.the wound requiring free incision to allow the escape of secre- 
tions and thorough application of the antiseptic sol. The parts 
should be irrigated three times daily with an antiseptic sol. for 
30 min., protargol injected, packed with the tannoform, a thick 
layer of cotton applied, retained by adhesive strips. This ab- 
sorbs the secretions and effectually excludes all germs. 

As healing progresses and the inflammation subsides, daily 
dressing will be sufficient. 

Open navicular joint due to picked-up nail is a common oc- 
currence and unless given opportune and proper treatment 
either ends in death of the animal or renders it permanently 
lame. If the case is seen early, remove the shoe, pare the insen- 
sitive frog and sole until quite thin, thoroughly disinfect the 
foot, enlarge the wound, and treat as open joint in any other re- 
gion, with the exception that tar bandages should be used in all 
cases of this kind. Where the wound is suppurating freely, the 


572 W. A. AXBY. 


limb swollen, and the pain severe, excellent results may be ex- 
pected from passing a small probe-pointed bistoury into the 
bursee and enlarging the opening one-half inch in each direc- 
tion, the granulations curetted away from the old sinus, and the 
bursa irrigated with 1-1000 Hg.Cl, sol.; this is now removed 
by sterile water and a sol. of iodine and pot. iod. in sterile water 
injected; the foot is now enveloped in oakum and kept saturated 
with a hot creolin sol. The joint should be irrigated twice 
daily and iodine sol. alternated with protargol injected until 
the discharge becomes healthy, when the dry dressings may be 
applied. Should the bone become diseased and the recovery be 
slow, resection of the flexor pedis tendon should be performed. 
Curetting away all diseased parts, the resulting wound thor- 
oughly disinfected and retained in an aseptic condition ; for, 
unless we succeed in thoroughly cleaning the joint the opera- 
tion will prove a failure. 

Open articulations treated in this manner almost invariably 
make complete and prompt recoveries, the inflammation sub- 
sides, the flow of synovia gradually decreases, the wound granu- 
lates and heals without suppuration. Should the joint remain 
enlarged and indurated and lameness persist, the use of blisters 
or the actual cautery may be beneficial. 

The sling should be used in all cases where there is ina- 
bility to bear weight on the limb for any length of time, bear- 
ing in mind the necessity of a properly regulated diet and good 
hygienic surroundings. 

With your permission, gentlemen, I will describe a few cases 
in various conditions, treated by us in practice, with the results 
obtained in each case. 


Case No. 1.—Called at 7 A. M. to attend a bay road mare, 
the property of Mr. Wm. Fowler, City. Found a small wound 
on the supro-internal surface of the hock, due to a kick from 
another horse inflicted during the previous night. The wound 
was discharging synovia freely, parts swollen and very painful, 
with inability to bear weight on the limb. The hair was clip- 
ped from the internal surface of the hock, and the parts thor- 
oughly disinfected. 1-5000 bi-chloride solution was allowed to 
trickle over the wound for four hours, when the pain and swel- 


OPEN ARTICULATIONS. 573 


ling had somewhat diminished. The dry dressing as recom- 
mended in this article was then applied, the animal cross tied 
and kept standing. There being no unfavorable symptoms, this 
dressing was allowed to remain four days; when removed the 
parts were aseptic, inflammation and lameness entirely subsided. 
The wound was again gently irrigated with a normal salt solu- 
tion and protected as before. This line of treatment was per- 
sistently carried out for three weeks, when the wound was en- 
tirely healed and the animal given the freedom of a box stall. 
Gentle driving was begun at four weeks, the mare making a 
complete recovery without scar or filling of hock. 

Case No. 2.—A sorrel] mare, the property of John Bielman, 
Sater. O. Open fetlock joint, due to the animal having fallen 
through a bridge. The wound being located on the antero-in- 
ternal aspect of the joint the size of a silver dollar, with skin 
and underlying structures excoriated, laying bare the articula- 
tion. The patient was led five miles over a dusty road after the 
accident occurred. I saw the case eight hours later. The owner 
had applied lard and turpentine and bandaged the wound, dust 
and all. The pain was great, leg swollen to carpus and wound 
filled with dirt and coagulated synovia. All shreds of tissue and 
the hair around the wound were removed, the part cleaned with 
soap and boiled water, then irrigated for one hour with 1-2000 
Hg. Cl, sol., after which the occlusive dry dressing was applied 
and the mare kept standing. On making the second visit three 
days later, Ifound the lameness and swelling entirely abated, 
and on removal of the dressing parts were clean and the wound 
filled with a firm clot of synovia, which was removed by irriga- 
tion and the dressing applied as before. This wound was again 
dressed in three days, when granulations were making their ap- 
pearance over the wound and discharge of synovia greatly di- 
minished. The dressing was now changed every fourth day and 
at the expiration of 21 days the wound had almost healed and 
the flow of synovia ceased entirely. As there was slight inflam- 
mation in the joint, ‘“Thermofuge”’ was now applied and changed 
every second day until at the end of five weeks, the wound being 
entirely healed, exercise was ordered. There remains but a 
small cicatrix, being due to the destruction of skin. 

Case No. 3.—Bay mare, owned by Dr. J. L. Axby; open 
stifle joint, due toakick. The injury was discovered early in 
the morning, pain was severe, leg swollen, and synovia trick- 
ling down to the hoof. The wound was about one inch in 
length and located antero-inferiorly. This was cleaned as the 


574 W. A. AXBY. 


others and the wound packed with pure ‘‘ Tannoform,” a pad of 
gauze and cotton applied, retained by adhesive strips. This was 
left in position until the following morning, when the limb was 
badly swollen and the pain more severe than on the preceding 
day. After again irrigating, hot sterile water bathing was per- 
sisted in the entire day, which reduced the swelling and pain. 
Tannoform again was used and the wound protected as before. 
This irrigation was used night and morning and the treat- 
ment as outlined continued with the addition of 5 per cent. Pro- 
targol sol. once daily. The inflammation gradually subsided, 
the flow of synovia became less each day, the wound being 
healed on the 20th day. There still remained slight lameness, 
which responded to a mild blister, leaving neither scar nor 
bleinish. 

Case No. 4.—\Warge bay horse, the property of the city of 
Aurora, Ind. The horse had been injured three weeks previous, 
having suffered a nail prick, involving the bursa of the coffin 
joint. The treatment previous to my visit had been removal 
of the shoe and the application of flaxseed poultice at night and 
clay and vinegar during the day. The original opening had 
been slightly enlarged also. This horse was intensely lame, the 
limb was swollen to the elbow, coronary band enlarged and pur- 
ulent synovia discharging from the wound in the foot and from 
an abscess that had ruptured in the hollow of the heel. Tem- 
perature was 105°F., pulse 70, and respirations hurried. 

Treatment : The foot was first thoroughly disinfected and as 
the insensitive frog was detached, this with a portion of the sole 
was removed. The region was again cleaned with Hg.Cl, sol. 
and a probe-pointed bistoury passed into the joint and the orig- 
inal opening enlarged freely, and the granulations curetted away, 
the joint then being irrigated with 1-1000 Hg. Cl, sol., rinsed 
with sterile water and Iodine sol. injected. Tannoform? was 
now inserted into the joint, and the gauze drain applied, bo- 
racic acid was plentifully dusted on the sole, the foot envel- 
oped in oakum and a tar bandage applied. The attendant was 
instructed to remove the bandage in 48 hours and thereafter 
twice daily to soak the foot in hot salt sol. for one hour, then irri- 
gate with Hg.Cl, sol., injecting the iodine sol. in the morning 
and Protargol sol. in the evening, packing the abscess cavity 
and the original wound with Tannoform and bor. acid. Marked 
improvement was noticeable after the third day, pain decreased, 
inflammation subsided, discharge less in amount and healthier in 
color or character. ‘he part was now dressed once daily until at 


OPEN ARTICULATIONS, 75 


Gr 


the expiration of six weeks the wound had entirely healed, a shoe 
was placed on the foot and the animal exercised daily. Lame- 
ness rapidly disappeared, the animal entirely recovering, leav- 
ing only the bulb of the heel slightly enlarged. 


WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS.—Many veterinarians are begin- 
ning to realize that the writing of prescriptions is an exceeding- 
ly bad practice for many reasons. In the first place the druy- 
gist charges 1,009 per cent. profit in almost every instance and it 
is impossible to convince the laity that the veterinarian does not 
get a share of this profit. Then again many druggists will re- 
peat the prescription not only for the original client but for the 
whole neighborhood, and in this way beat the veterinarian out 
of legitimate fees. Many druggists will also give a copy of 
a prescription to the client, a rival practitioner, or any empiric 


that calls for it. If a mistake is made in writing or filling a pre- 


scription the druggist is only too willing to throw the responsi- 
bility on the veterinarian. Every veterinarian should, if possi- 
ble, dispense his own medicines. In this way he will avoid the 
experience of which the following illustration is a good exam- 
ple. In conversation with a practitioner regarding this subject 
he stated that the day before, a good client drove up to his office 
with a horse having a sore back. Having no facilities for dis- 
pensing the proper remedy he took the client into a neighbor- 
ing drug store and wrote him a prescription for a quart of white 
lotion, for which the druggist charged $1.75; yet the cost of 
same, including the bottle, could not have been more than ten 
or fifteen cents. In this case the druggist obtained all the profit 
of the transaction, as the veterinarian did not like charging a fee 
for this simple advice to a good client. On the other hand, 
had the veterinarian been in a position to dispense his own med- 
icines he could easily have handed the client a quart bottle of 
white lotion and have collected a fee of from a dollar and a half 
to two dollars with mutual satisfaction to the client and himself. 
However, if the practitioner has not the facilities for dispensing 
medicines properly, it is better to write prescriptions, even if 
the druggist does reap the profits, than to do as we heard of a 
veterinarian recently, who dispenses medicine in beer bottles, 
wrapped up in old newspapers. Unless the veterinarian can do 
better than this or can exercise the same care as the druggist re- 
garding bottles, corks, labels, and wrappers, it is inadvisable to 
do otherwise than write prescriptions.—(/Vestern Veterinarian.) 


SIDNEY D. MYERS. 


RETAINED AFTER-BIRTH IN COWS. 


By SIDNEY D. MYERS, WILMINGTON, OHIO. 


Read before the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association, January 18, 1905, 


Or 
-~J3 
for) 


It is impossible to say how soon after parturition the presence 
of the foetal membranes ceases to he a natural and leads toa 
pathological condition. 

For practical purposes it is usually safe to assume that, if 
the membranes do not come away in from 24 to 36 hours, they 
should receive attention. 

We have, however, on numerous occasions, found cases that 
have not run over 24 hours where they were in a state of de- 
composition. 

The causes of retained after-birth may be classed as predis- 
posing and exciting. Among the predisposing we have debility, 
resulting from preéxisting disease, or from insufficient nourish- 
ment, protracted or premature labor, and abortion. 

The condition is usually more prevalent in the early spring, 
especially after a severe and protracted winter, when we find 
many cows in an emaciated condition. Exposure to cold, and 
drinking cold water, may also act as factors. 

The exciting causes are not well understood, from the fact 
that the process by which the normal expulsion takes place is 
not definitely known. Some cases are caused by a too rapid 
contraction of the os uteri, which may be caused by drinking 
cold water, or in the case of an animal that has aborted, it may, 
in some instances, be due to ergot. 

Some writers attribute retention to a tardy or suppressed in- 
volution of the uterine walls. We can readily see how this may 
play an important part in some animals, as the mare and the sow, 
but we cannot see how it would have much effect where the 
placenta is attached as it is in the cow. 

Others find a possible cause in an inflammatory exudate 
thrown out of the maternal cotyledons causing them to adhere 
to the foetal cotyledons. This could hardly be true unless the 
condition existed before parturition, as the foetal cotyledon has, 


RETAINED AFTER-BIRTH IN COWS. BY ad 


in reality, become a foreign body, and it does not look reason- 
able that the exudate would cause adhesions between the two. 

The symptoms of retained after-birth are usually plain, the 
condition, as a rule, being diagnosed by the owner or attendant. 

In cases where the membranes are not exposed, some of the 
following symptoms are usually presented: Dullness, partial or 
complete anorexia, elevation of temperature, decubitus, suppres- 
sion of milk, a more or less fcetid discharge from the vulva, 
arched back, and straining. Another prominent and reliable 
syuiptom is the absence of the mucous plug, which, if found in 
the vagina or os uteri, is a good indication that the cow has 
cleaned. 

The treatment prescribed, especially by the older writers, is 
both medicinal and surgical. ‘The former, except as an adjunct 
to the latter, is, in our opinion, worse than useless, as it does not 
seein to be of any benefit, but on the other hand often delays 
rational treatment. 

Among the remedies used for the expulsion of the secun- 
dines are savin, rue, coriander, cumin, parched grains and fat 
meat. 

With the possible exception of ergot, the so-called remedies 
have little or no effect on the uterus. Ergot is advised by some 
to produce contraction of the uterus, but as it causes a contrac- 
tion of the os uteri as well, it is contraindicated. 

In preparing for the removal of the after-birth the surgeon 
should attire himself in a similar manner as for ordinary par- 
turition. The clothing should be as little as is consistent with 
the environinents, and should be such as may be readily steril- 
ized with boiling water. 

We find an old wool sweater with the sleeves entirely re- 


-moved, a pair of stout overalls, and a pair of rubber boots, 


make a good outfit. 

The cow should be placed in a narrow stall or tied up close 
in acorner. An assistant holds the tail out of the way and 
keeps the animal pushed well over against the side of the stall. 

The vulva and surrounding parts should be washed and dis- 


578 SIDNEY D. MYERS, 


infected. The hands and arms should then be washed with 
soap and warm water, to which has been added some good anti- 
septic. 

The hand and arm that are to be introduced should be 
anointed with fresh lard which has been mixed with some reli- 
able non-irritating disinfectant, such as creolin, lysol, zenoleum, 
or such like. 

Lard has several advantages over oil or vaseline. It makes 
a better coating on the arm ; that is, the fluids in the uterus do 
not remove it as quickly as the oil or vaseline, and should it 
get on one’s clothing, as it is very apt to do around the arm 
holes, it may be washed out more readily than the other lubri- 
cants mentioned. 

Dr. Liautard writes of a preparation which he attributes to 
Dr. J. B. Murphy, of Chicago, that may be of service in some 
cases; I quote him as follows: ‘After washing his hands for 
five minutes with tincture of soap, and then rubbing them with 
alcohol, he dries them thoroughly. Then, pouring in the hol- 
low of one hand a solution of one part of gutta-percha in twen- 
ty-five parts of benzine, the whole is spread thoroughly over 
both hands and forearms, with the principal care at the region 
of the nails and in the interdigital spaces. 

‘Keeping the hands open and fingers apart, the coating is 
allowed to dry. This takes two or three minutes. By this pro- 
cess the skin is covered by an isolating, antiseptic, impermea- 
ble, soft, thin and transparent coat, insoluble in water or alcc- 
hol, and, therefore, can be disinfected between the various steps 
of an operation. To remove it only a little friction with ben- 
zine is necessary, and underneath the epidermis remains soft 
and smooth. It has only one objection, which is that when an 
operation lasts too long, it may break off here and there on the 
fingers.” 

However, the application of a little more of the solution of 
gutta-percha will readily remove the trouble. Some practition- 
ers advocate flushing the uterus with several gallons of an anti- 
septic solution before commencing the operation of removing 


— ~—s ——_- 


RETAINED AFTEK-BIRTH IN COWS. 579 


the membranes. We do not do this unless we suspect that sep- 
tic conditions are present, as the cow, in straining, throws the 
fluid out on the operator, which makes the task more disagree- 
able than it otherwise would be. A pail of warm antiseptic so- 
lution should be at hand, in which to wash the hands and arms 
as the operation proceeds. 

As stated before, the animal is held by an assistant. We 
are now ready to proceed with the operation proper. If any part 
of the membranes are on the outside of the vagina, they should 
be grasped with one hand while the other is passed gently into 
the uterus. Light traction should be made by the free hand 
while the other one follows up the membranes until the first 
cotyledon with placenta attached is encountered, which should 
be carefully peeled off, and then to the next and so on until all 
have been removed. ‘The traction on the outside serves to 
steady the cotyledon while this is being done. Ifno part of the 
secundines are exposed, that part which is first encountered 
should be loosened and brought out to be held as described. 

This operation, in some cases, is quite easy, but in others it 
is quite tedious and tiresome, especially where the attachments 
are firm and far down in the horns of the uterus. 

We have found in these difficult cases that it sometimes 
helps matters to inject a quart or a half gallon of warm antisep- 
tic solution. This changes the slimy character of the fluids in 
the uterus so that the cotyledons may be more readily manipu- 
lated with the fingers. This, however, has the disadvantage of 
causing a contraction of the uterus on the hand, which makes 
the operation tiresome. 

Prof. W. L. Williams advises where the placentz are en- 
larged, firm, and rapidly becoming necrotic to twist them off. 
It is admitted that the surface of the cotyledon is much larger 
than the small neck that is twisted off, but, on the other hand, 
we have a fresh wound which is more dangerous than the ne- 
crotic surface that has been removed. 

It is our aim to remove all of the membranes that can be re- 
moved without making any new wounds. We frequently meet 


380 SIDNEY D. MYERS. 


with cases where the os uteri is contracted to such an extent 
that the hand cannot enter without making a laceration. In 
such cases the after-birth is usually loose, so that by gentle trac- 
tion on the outside and with the fingers in the os it can quite 
often be removed in its entirety. 

We never aim to dilate the os to the extent of making a 
new wound, but trust to the after-treatment, which consists in 
thoroughly flushing the uterus and vagina with a warm anti- 
septic solution. The antiseptic which we have found most sat- 
isfactory is zenoleum, one and one-half ounces to the gallon of 
water, which should be injected at a temperature of 100 to 
mo4° FE, 

The injection should be made with a fountain syringe, 
which can be made of galvanized metal. It should be fitted 
with a tight cover and provided with a bail, by which it may 
be suspended from the ceiling. 

The syringe should be made to hold from 8 to 12 pints. 
Should it be much larger, the depth would be such that in the 
ordinary stable it could not be elevated high enough to get the 


desired force. When the syringe is not in use the hose should — 


be detached, washed and placed within the reservoir of the 
syringe, where it will be kept clean. 

In our opinion the common veterinary injection pump is 
not a proper instrument with which to wash out the uterus, as 
it is almost impossible to use it without getting more or less 
filth in the solution. Besides, it is difficult to get a vessel in 
which the solution should be mixed. 

Some advise flushing once or twice daily. This we deem 
unnecessary, besides it would be impossible in a country prac- 
tice. We find that one washing in ordinary, and two or three 
at intervals of two or three days in extreme cases, are usually 
sufficient. 

In irrigating the uterine cavity too much force should not 
be used or too much fluid injected at one time, lest it pass 
through the fallopian tubes into the abdominal cavity and there 
be the cause of peritonitis. 


ae aoe 


— = -— -_—S 


RETAINED AFTER-BIRTH IN COWS. 581 


After the uterus has been irrigated we find it is better to al- 
low the animal to be turned out of doors, when the weather is 


favorable. 


There the cow can move about at will; thus the liability to 
strain is reduced. 

In cold weather the chill should be taken off of the drinking 
water. 

Plethoric animals would, in most cases, be benefited by a 
dose of magnesium sulphate. 

Weak, run down animals should receive stimulants or tonics 
according to the exigency of the case. 

In those cases where there is an elevation of temperature and 
loss of appetite, we find benefit from fluid extract of nux vomica 
3ss, carbolic acid 3ss, given in a pint of water or gruel, three 
times a day. We do not wish to imply that carbolic acid has 
any direct effect on the blood, but it has a tendency toward ren- 
dering the alimentary canal aseptic and thereby having a salu- 
tary effect. 

The sequele are usually of a septic nature, and should be 
treated as soon as they are recognized according to their individ- 
ual requirements. 


THERE are now seventeen graduate veterinarians in Ten- 
nessee ; 26 licenses have been issued by the Board of Examiners. 
The new law goes into Shes on Jan. 1, when only graduates 
can register. 

A SERIOUS OPERA ATION.—A husband came home one even- 
ing to find a note left for him by his wife. Carelessly he opened 
it, but as he read his face blanched. ‘‘ My God!” he exclaimed, 
“how could this have happened so suddenly ?”” and, snatching 
his hat and coat, he rushed to a hospital which was near his 
home. ‘IJ want to see my wife, Mrs. Brown, at once,” he said 
to the head nurse, ‘‘ before she goes under the ether. Please take 
my message to her at once.” ‘“‘ Mrs. Brown ?”’ echoed the nurse. 
“There is no Mrs. Brown here.” ‘Then to which hospital has 
she gone ?”’ asked the distracted husband. ‘I found this note 
from her when I came home,” and he handed the note to the 
nurse, who read: ‘‘ Dear Husband: I have gone to have my 
kimono cut out.” 


or 
(9/6) 
ww 


J. D. FAIR. 


PRACTICAL OBSTETRICS. 


By J. D. Farr, D. V. S., BERLIN, OHIO. 


Read before the 22d Annual Meeting of the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association 
at Columbus, January 18, Ig05. 


I mean to address more particularly the younger members of 
the profession. However, I will be pleased if you will all be 
generous with your past experience, and I hope you will be free 
in making practical suggestions. I consider veterinary obstet- 
rics a very difficult and complex art, and is attended with a great 
deal of danger, exposure and hard labor. To be a successful 


obstetrician it is well to have a thorough understanding of the 


various methods of manipulation of the different authors, to- 
gether with original thoughts, good judgment, persistence, de- 
termination anda great amount of physical strength. I am 
located in an agricultural and stock-raising district and the 
country is rather hilly. The farmers use their mares for all 
kinds of farm work, which, together with the condition of the 
country, I think has a tendency to increase the number of cases 
of dystokia. Making a conservative estimate, I think I have 
twenty-five cases of dystokia each year in mares and cows. In 
eighteen years’ practice it would make a total of four hundred 
and fifty cases. Of this number I delivered only a few living 
colts that matured, but quite a number of calves. I have come 
in contact with all the different presentations described in the 
various text-books and many positions and conditions that. are 
not given in the books, and will continue to find new conditions 
—hence it requires originality, practical knowledge and good 
judgment to deliver special cases. Cases that were very diffi- 
cult for me when I first came in contact with them are now 
comparatively easy. 

First, what are the necessary preparations? How should 
we dress for this kind of work ? 

Some practitioners have a special suit and keep it there in 
readiness, made out of canvas, duck or oil cloth, made like over- 
alls, with a waist attached to it without sleeves, buttoned up in 


hw 


PRACTICAL OBSTETRICS. 583 


front or back, and after they get through some one can scrub 
you off with a broom and water, and can be used again. But 
the suit soon becomes filthy and undesirable. I have adopted 
this plan: I carry a pair of overalls and ask the owner to fur- 
nish me an old undershirt or shirt of some kind. I cut the 
sleeves out and when I get through I rip it up in the back . 
or front and throw it away. I treat the overalls the same 
way. 

There are a great many obstetrical instruments. Nine- 
tenths are not practical in my judgment. I have a great 
many and use but few. When I am called to see a case I 
take with mea pair of French hobbles, a case of embryotomy 
knives, obstetrical saw, a repeller, a few sharp hooks and blunt 
hooks, some strong rope and some soft, pliable rope, and chloro- 
form. When I get through I throw the soiled rope away. I 
avoid the use of all sharp instruments as much as possible. If you 
use them, be very careful. If the case dies the owner and others 
assisting may say: ‘He slashed and cut and with his iron 
hooks he tore her all to pieces.” This may not be just, but for 
policy sake I do as little of it as possible. I rely on my hand 
and arm, smooth rope or cord, to bring the parts into proper 
position. However, if the case demands it, I use and do what- 
ever is necessary to deliver. 

I remember well when J was called to see a black Norman 
mare, with massive quarters, weighing about eighteen hundred 
pounds. She was found in the morning and her condition indi- 
cated that she had been in labor for the greater part of the 
night. I made an examination and found a sterno-abdominal 
presentation, two fore and one hind limb presenting. I could 
see the feet when she had a pain. I could not find the head nor 
the other hind leg. I concluded that I had a very hard case. 
The mare was laying down. I put the hobbles on her and pro- 
ceeded to deliver. I thought of and tried to do a great many 
things, and failed. Finally I corded the three legs. I pushed 
the hind leg back into the uterus behind the pubis, then I or- 
dered them to pull on the one front leg and draw it ovt, and 


584 . ey FAIR. 


with safety I amputated at the knee; this left a nice smooth 
surface. I made traction on the other and amputated at the 
knee. I pushed those stubs back into the uterus. The next 
thing was to secure the missing leg. I brought into the pelvic 
inlet and the other which I had corded was easy to get. Now 
I pushed those amputated legs back and forward ; as far as pos- 
sible push over a point so that when you make traction they 
will extend. I ordered them to pull on the hind limbs, made a 
posterior version and delivered. If you can locate the head 
make anterior version ; be sure to cord all the feet you can find 
first ; bring the head up; deliver as far as you can, then ampu- 
tate ; repel the remaining parts, make posterior version, and de- 
livery will be easy. 

I was called to see a gray Norman mare; I found an ante- 
rior presentation. The head and neck were born and I could 
see three feet. On making an examination I found these to be 
two front feet and one hind foot. I corraled both front feet and 
pushed the hind foot back into the uterus ; I flexed the foot on 
the fetlock and pushed it back as far as I could. I then ordered 
the men to pull on the front legs. They straightened out, but 
they failed to pull the colt. I made an examination and I 
found that the hind leg would not slip back as I expected. The 
ankle apparently moulded itself into the bed of the uterus and 
the hock braced itself against the sacrum ; the shaft was too 
long and I could not move it at all. I tried to rotate the foetus. 
I tried everything, but could do nothing. I worked until I was 
almost exhausted. I concluded to try and deliver some other 
way. I opened the abdominal cavity and removed contents. I 
cut a flap of skin over the spinal column, divided the body in 
the lumbar region with my obstetrical saw. I used the flap of 
skin to cover the divided segment and pushed it back into the 
body of the uterus. I then corded the legs, brought them up 
into the pelvic cavity ; posterior version was quite easy and a 
speedy delivery was accomplished. 

I have had a number of those cases; I have delivered both 
ways, but to divide the body and perform version is the safest 


a 


PRACTICAL OBSTETRICS. 585 


and easiest way to deliver. Those cases you can deliver in 
standing position. 

A posterior presentation with the hind limbs extended 
straight under the body of the foetus, extending forward as far 
as the sternum or elbows, the buttocks entering the inlet of the 
pelvis, is many times a very difficult condition to meet. The 
first thing to dois to put the hobbles on them. Elevate the 
hind parts, then use a repeller (and your arm is the best one to 
use), push the foetus forward and upward as far as possible. By 
this time you may be able to reach the tibia somewhere below 
the stifle ; tuck it back inch by inch until you can reach the 
hock; grasp it and raise it up; bring it up as far as possible, 
then push it forward and in an upward direction and place it 
behind the anterior crest of the ilium. Slip your hand down 
the leg to the foot; flex it on the ankle and with rather a rotary 
movement bring it up over the pubis past the opposite ilium 
into the inlet. Proceed with the other leg the same way. 

I had a case that I was unable to repel. We elevated the 
hind quarters and another very strony man and myself were un- 
able to push it back. I used a repeller and put two men on 
that. We four could not push it back. We made a thorough 
trial, but did not succeed. I located the hip joints, cut the skin 
and muscles, tore the flesh with my fingers, reached the head of 
the femur, fastened a hook to it and ordered them to pull. I cut 
the tendon and they pulled the leg out very easily. I repeated 
the operation on the ofher side. To hook onto the pubis and 
to deliver the remainder was very easy. 

I had a case that caused me considerable trouble. I was 
mistaken, and still not mistaken. This was an anterior presen- 
tation, the head and neck turned back, one front leg entered the 
pelvis. Isoon found what I supposed to be the other front leg; 
I made sure that I had two knees. I straightened the head and 
neck, corded the legs and ordered my assistants to pull, but they 
could not pull it. I made an examination and I found a pecul- 
iarity below one shoulder. I supposed it was an undeveloped 
fifth leg. I took it in my hand and slipped it up over the pubis 


oss J. 2D. BAIR: 


past the ilium, then ordered them to pull; I braced the mare 
and told them to pull hard. They did so, but could not deliver. 
I told them to stop. I ordered them to pull on one front leg 
and bring it up with the other, but they failed. I made another 
examination and found that the one leg was fast toa hind quar- 
ter. I shortened their hold by slipping a rope around the body 
of the foetus, let go of this hind leg and they delivered the colt. 
This was a three-legged colt. The one leg terminated at the 
elbow. On that same side the hind leg was always extended 
forward, over the shoulder and had a perfectly shaped knee. 
This mare had a large shoe boil on the same side corresponding 
with the missing leg of the foetus. 

In conclusion, I willsay : be thorough in your examination ; 
you can frequently locate points and change them per rectum ; 
bring parts within reach in this way. Cast as few mares as 
possible ; use anzesthetics whenever you can with safety; take 
advantage of contractions and relaxations; be careful and con- 
servative with the use of instruments; use plenty of lard; keep 
a steady head ; learn to reason and think well; make haste by 
going slow. Do all this and you will be a practical obstetri- 
cian. 


WuHat’s IN A NAME.—A man with a soft, low voice had 
just completed his purchases in a store. ‘‘ What is thename ?” 
asked the clerk. ‘‘ Jepson,” replied the man. ‘*Chipson?” 
‘“ No, Jepson.” ‘Oh, yes, Jefferson.” ‘No, Jepson ; J-e-p-s-o-n.” 
“Jepson?” ‘ That’s it. You have it. Sixteen eighty-two—” 
“ Your first name; initial, please.” ‘Oh, K.” ““O; Kojepsause 
‘Excuse me, it isn’t O. K. You did not understand me. I said 
‘Oh.?” “©. Jepson.” “No; rub out the ©. anddlet thems 
stand.” ‘The clerk looked annoyed. ‘‘ Will you please give 
me your initials again?” ‘“Isaid K.” “I beg your pardon, 
you said O. K. Perhaps you had better write it yourself.” “I 
said ‘Oh ’—” “Just now you said K.” “Allow me to finish 
what I started to say. I said ‘ Oh,’ because I did not understand 
what you were asking me. I did not mean that it was my in- 
itial. My name is Kirby Jepson.” “Oh!” ‘No, not O., but 
K.” said the man. ‘‘Give me the pencil, and I'll write it down 
for you myself. There, I guess it’s O. K. now.” 


THE LIVE STOCK INTEREST OF AGRICULTURE. 587 


THE LIVE STOCK INTEREST OF AGRICULTURE AND 
ITS RELATION TO VETERINARY SCIENCE. 


By HON. FRANKLIN DYE, SECRETARY STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE, 
TRENTON, N. J. 


A Paper presented to the Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey at its Semi- 
annual Meeting at Washington Park, N. J., July 13-14, 1905. 


An intelligent consideration of this subject requires a 
knowledge of the number and value of our live stock ; the es- 
sential character of this industry to the growth-and prosperity 
of other industries, and the necessity of preserving the health of 
our domestic animals, because of their money value and espe- 
cially lest, through disease, they become a menace to human 
health. 

As reported by the United States Department of Agricul- 
ture, January Ist, 1905, the number, average price and total 
value of farm animals in the United States are as follows: 
The number of horses in the United States is 17,057,702, 
valued at $1,200,310,020 ($70.37 per head). The number of 
mules, 2,888,710, value $251,840,378 ($87.18 per head) ; milch 
cows, 17,572,464, value $482,272,203 ($27.44 per head) ; other 
cattle, 43,669,443, value $661,571,308 ($15.15 per head) ; sheep 
45,170,423, value $127,331,850 ($2.82 per head); swine 47,- 
320,511, value $283,254,978 ($5.99 per head.) 

In the following table for New Jersey please notice the 
higher value per head of the same stock in this State as com- 
pared with the average value for the United States: 


Difference 

Horses ... 94.278 Value $ 9,293,580 Per head $ 98.58 $28.21 
Wemes er Ss 4.074 ss 564,316 A 113.45 26.27 
Milch Cows . 184,618 7,261,026 39.33 11.89 
Other Cattle. 79,599 ey F,591,732 20.00 4.85 
Seep: - 43,344 188,841 4.36 1.54 
Swine... . 150,988 es 1,570,275 10.40 4.41 
557,901 $20.469,770 ‘ 

Here is a money value at a low estimate of twenty and a 


088 FRANKLIN DYE. 


half million of dollars, equal to $590.76 for every farm in New 
Jersey (I take it that the above table does not include horses in 
cities). 

To take care of the health of these animals, we have in 
round numbers three hundred and fifty veterinarians scattered 
here and there throughout the State. This would give one vet- 
erinarian to every ninety-nine farms, if so many of them were 
not located in the cities. Jersey City and Hoboken, Newark 
and the Oranges alone, have over one hundred veterinarians lo- 
cated within them. This leaves for the farms and the other 
cities and towns, about one veterinarian for every one hundred 
and forty farms. However, all of our veterinarians are subject 
to call both in city and country as occasion may require. And 
it is for this Association to determine whether we have enough 
good veterinarians in New Jersey at the present time. 

The fact that such an Association as this exists and that laws 
have been enacted within recent years requiring special educa- 
tion for the practice of veterinary science shows that the profes- 
sion is aspiring to a larger usefulness and a just dignity among 
the other professions. 

Turning now to my second proposition—(the essential char- 
acter of this industry to the growth and prosperity of other in- 
dustries): divested of our live stock, what would our farms be 
worth? They could not all be devoted to truck farming and 
even if they were, the faithful horse would be needed both in 
field work and in transportation. And it is worthy of remark 
in this connection that, notwithstanding the advent of bicycle, 
trolley car and automobile, horses are higher in value per head 
than they have ever been before. Heis not only the beast of 
burden in city and country, but also the motive power, far ex- 
cellence, for pleasure driving. 

Nor can we eliminate the foster mother of humanity, the 
dairy cow and her progeny from our business world. Should 
we do so, the manufacturers of nursing bottles, milk bottles and 
cans would go out of business. Cream in your coffee, at vour ho- 
tel, would be a greater luxury than it now is, and beefsteak and 


————— = Ol 


THE LIVE STOCK INTEREST OF AGRICULTURE. 089 


onions for the hearty veterinarian would be a thing of the past. 
No, we cannot spare the noble horse nor the motherly benevo- 
lent cow. Nor will Jew or Gentile be willing to forego the 
roast lamb from their diet, and most of us Gentiles have a fel- 
low feeling for the hog. 

Without going into detail, the merest reference to the place 
these animals hold in our national economy as food products 
and in other ways, justifies the assertion that without them other 
industries, with which they are not so closely identified as they 
are with agriculture, would be seriously crippled, and the daily 
diet of their workers would of necessity be greatly curtailed. 

The preservation of the health of our domestic animals 
because of their money value is an important consideration. 
What the annual loss by unchecked disease, accident, etc., to 
the domestic animals of New Jersey is, I have no means of 
knowing, but it is no inconsiderable sum. What it would be 
without the checks put upon it by the application of veteri- 
nary science and skill may be suggested, if we ask to what 
extent would anthrax spread and what would be its ravages 
if unmolested. Or suppose we allow glanders free spread 
among our horses, when and where would it stop? 

Or ignoring the possible effects of (the sometimes slow 
working) tuberculosis among our dairy animals, take no inter- 
est in securing those conditions that contribute to health, 
while preventing disease, nor even remove diseased animals from 
our dairy herds. What, in a short time, would be the condi- 
tion of those herds and what the character of their product? 
And with pleuro-pneumonia, foot-and-mouth disease and many 
others. 

It is in this connection that I wish to emphasize the impor- 
tance of my fourth proposition: diseased animals a menace to 
human health. 

While some human lives are not worth much to their gene- 
ration and others an absolute detriment, yet, ordinarily, one 
human life is worth more than many animals; and diseases of 
animals should not be allowed to assail the human race if it is 


590 FRANKLIN DYE. 


possible to prevent it. That it is possible to do so, the investi- 
gations and practice of veterinary science, in the more recent 
years, have clearly demonstrated. 

As we consider this phase of our subject, either by itself or 
in connection with the points previously named, the high mis- 
sion of the veterinary profession appears, and the necessity for 
an education that combines scientific study with practice. Not 
only a money value, but human health and human life are also as- 
sociated in the preservation of the health of our domestic animals. 

The profession should give more attention to poultry. Ac- 
cording to Secretary Wilson, of the United States Department 
of Agriculture, ‘‘ The hens of the country, during their busy 
season, lay enough eggs in two weeks, at the high prices of eggs 
that prevailed during the year, to pay the year’s interest on the 
National debt.” 

The poultry and egg product of New Jersey is more than 
$2,000,000 annually. If the diseases of poultry were under- 
stood so as to be controlled, the above named sum would be 
greatly increased. 

Our veterinarians should also be able to give the farmers 
points on breeding for improvement of farm stock. We need 
now 75,000 well bred cows to take the place of the same num- 
ber in our herds that pay no profit. 

The science of breeding should be better understood by 
stock-breeders, and educated veterinarians are in’‘a position to 
help it on among the farmers. Thus a stronger bond of good 
feeling would prevail between the veterinarian and the farmer. 

The farmers have a pecuniary interest in an efficient veteri- 
nary science, holding as they do 600,000 head of stock, exclusive 
of poultry, with a value of twenty and a half million of dollars. It 
is to their interest, in all cases of serious disease amongst their ani- 
mals, to immediately call for the services of their veterinarian. 
Delay frequently means the loss of valuable stock. 

For this service they are, or should be, willing to pay a fair 
compensation and as promptly, at least, as they pay their family 
physician. 


THE LIVE STOCK INTEREST OF AGRICULTURE. 591 


The consumers of meat and milk also have a deep interest 
in the question of a healthful food supply and, as our intelligent 
veterinarians are associated with the producers of these prod- 
ucts in preventing or curing diseases that may affect their 
healthfulness, they, the consumers, have an indirect interest 
in maintaining a high grade veterinary service. 

Owing to the necessity of preserving the health of our do- 
mestic animals, Jecawse of their money value and especially lest, 
through disease, they become a menace to human health, an effi- 
cient veterinary service is required: and all that can be done to 
taise the standard of efficiency in the profession should be en- 
couraged. 


THE vital statistics for New York for the past year show that 
ten hundred and forty persons (1,040) were killed by automobiles, 
or died from injuries caused by automobile accidents. 

GENERAL consumption of horses in Chicago has this year up 
to the middle of June expanded about 4,000 head as compared 
with last season. This, despite the depressing effects of the 
teamsters’ strike, shows a most satisfactory state of trade. Ar- 
tivals for 1905 total something over twelve per cent. more than 
for the same period of 1904. 

SARCOMATOUS GROWTH OF THE TAIL OF A MARE.—Dr. 
Felice Cinotti, in 77 Nuovo Ercolanz, for April, 1905, reports the 
following interesting case: ‘‘ The history of the various kinds 
of neoplasms met with on the tails of our domestic animals is 
rather extensive, and interesting descriptions of many of them 
may be found in all the veterinary journals, including allusions 
to their appearance. The following came to the clinic of Prof. 
Vachetta, of Turin, and is recorded as a contribution to the lit- 
erature on the subject: In a mare of twelve years a growth be- 
gan four months before the observation, and grew rapidly. The 
mare had a very hairy tail, but it was hairless where the growth 
occurred. ‘This has ulcerated and is as large as a hen’s egg ; it 
is periform in shape, and is on one side of the organ, about fif- 
teen centimetres from the base. Sarcoma was diagnosed, and 
amputation of the tail ordered, which was performed by the flap 
method. An antiseptic dressing was applied, and cicatrization 
was secured by first intention. The growth had not returned 
five months after the operation. The histological examination 
revealed its nature to be one of sarcoma, with small round cells.”’ 


592 WM. R. HOWE. 


PURPURA H4MORRHAGICA. 
By WM. R. Howe, V..S., DAYTON, OHIO. 


Read before the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association, January 18, 1905. 


I am listed to-day for a paper on purpura hzemorrhagica, 
but we will not call this an essay, it is only a suggestion. Pur- 
pura is a disease or morbid condition, well known to all pres- 
ent: so well that it is not necessary to discuss it. There is lit- 
tle said by authorities on the pathology, but we do know that it 
is the condition that usually follows influenza, or some debilitat- 
ing disease; that it is usually recognized by more or less ex- 
tensive swelling in various parts of the body, with more or less 
weeping or oozing of blood or bloodish serum through the skin 
on the site of these swellings; that there is a loss of red blood 
corpuscles, and a lack of coagulating matter in the blood. Also 
petechial spots are shown on the mucous membrane. We 
know that it isa progressive disease, and that it is frequently fatal. 

There are many known and recognized forms of treatment. 
I believe that there is now a toxine treatment that has been 
used with varied success. 

The treatment that I propose is, so far as I know, new. 
With it I have had better success than with any other form of 
treatment I know. I have treated seventeen cases with but two 
deaths. These cases have all made a much more rapid recov- 
ery than I have ever known under any other form of treatment. 
The treatment I suggest is spirits of turpentine in large doses, 
covered with oil. I usually give two ounces of spirits of tur- 
pentine in from four to six ounces of raw linseed oil, followed 
by an ounce or ounce and a half twice a day until swelling and 
hemorrhage are checked,then once a day until complete recovery. 

Turpentine is a stimulant, astringent, diuretic and antisep- 
tic. I believe it is a natural remedy in this condition; I am 
quite confident that if followed will give excellent results. 
Spirits of turpentine is cheap, therefore seldom adulterated, but 
can be improved in its medicinal action by the addition of one- 
eighth of its volume of alcohol. This dissolves any resinous 
bodies that may be left in the solution. 


REPORTS OF CASES. 593 


REPORTS OF CASES. 


** Careful observation makes a skillful practitioner, but his skill dies with him. Byre- 
cording his observations, he adds tothe knowledge of his profession, and assists by his facts 
tn building up the solid edifice of pathological science.”’ 


ANTE-MORTEM BLOOD CLOT IN A HORSE.* 
By Dr. L. L. DILLER, Iowa. 


On March 109, 1904, I was called about five in the afternoon 
to see a sorrel gelding, owned by Dave Lauterman, living four 
miles west of Grundy Center, Iowa. When I arrived I founda 
horse about twelve years old and in good flesh. He had great 
difficulty in breathing, seemed very anxious and uneasy and at 
times he would hold his head low in the manger and close his 
eyes. The jugular pulse was very marked and the jugular looked 
nearly as large as a broom handle and very tense. The legs were 
cold and seemed to have poor circulation in them. 

I diagnosed congestion of the lungs. The history of the 
case was that the horse had never had a sick day before as far 
as the owner knew. He had been hauling shelled corn from a 
neighbor’s place to town the day before, and as the roads were 
very muddy he had pulled the team rather hard, but did not 
think he had hurt them. There was a chilly March wind that 
day and the horse was allowed to stand in it and wait for his 
load of corn. The owner thought there was a puddle of water 
where he stood and believed that standing in the water had 
chilled him. ‘The horse seemed uneasy about noon of the day 
I was called and had not eaten his dinner. 

I had the horse turned loose in his stall, had his legs wrap- 
ped in flannel and putablanket on him. Gave digitalis, bella- 
donna, cannabis indica, and so forth, but got but little results, 
at least only improvement in the lung symptoms. The horse 
seemed to ease up some on the caunabis indica. 

I began to feel that I had made a wrong diagnosis and com- 
menced to figure out why the jugular pulse was so pronounced, 
but could not change my diagnosis, unless there was a stoppage 
in the circulation somewhere. 

I stayed with the horse until eleven o’clock, when he seemed 
a little better and quiet. I left two men with the horse to watch 
him and give medicine. I told the owner it was a bad case and 


*Read before the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Association, Jan, 25-26, 1905, 


594 REPORTS OF CASES. 


I thought a hopeless one, and if they thought he was worse at 
any time to call me again. I was not called again until the 
morning, when the owner of the horse ’phoned me that the horse 
was dead, and that he had died very suddenly in the night. 

He had been quiet for some time and the men attending him 
had spread a bunch of hay behind the horse in the back part of 
the stall, and one had laid down on the hay and gone to sleep, 
while the other sat up watching the horse. The owner said 
the horse seemed better after I left and was comparatively 
quiet, when all of a sudden he raised his head and whinnied, 
aud sat back on his haunches and was dead. The horse in fall- 
ing fell on the man lying behind him, and if he had been a foot 
nearer the horse would have killed him. Let this be a warning 
to us in attending horses in small stalls. 

I was interested in the case and told the man not to bury 
the horse until Icame out. I went out and held a post-mortem 
on him by opening along the median line and up the ribs, so as 
to expose the lungs. They seemed somewhat congested, but 
not so much as J had expected. I then opened the abdomen 
further back and examined the organs init. There seemed to 
be little or no disease in this part of the body, so I removed the 
lungs and made a more careful examination of them. I found 
nothing abnormal except clotted blood and a rather reddened ap- 
pearance. I then removed the heart, which seemed to be con- 
tracted and rather hard. On slitting open the left auricle I found 
a clot of blood walled up in a ball-like mass about the size of a 
hen’s egg. I took this out and placed it in a basin of water and 
found that it unfolded and showed a branched form, and was 
white in color. I looked for other clots, but found none, and 
explained to the owner what had killed the horse and that I 
thought nothing could have been done to save him. I took 
the clot home with me and mounted it and the branch form can 
be easily seen. 


HELPING THE PROFESSION ALONG.—We notice a very 
readable account of the late meeting of the American Veteri- 
nary Medical Association in the Breeder's Gazette of August 
23, and from the initials signed to it we suspect our friend, Dr. 
W. H. Dalrymple, of Louisiana, to be its author. This loyal 
veterinarian never permits an opportunity to escape him where 
it is possible to dignify his profession and to keep it promi- 
nently before the public. May others follow his good ex- 
ample ! 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 595 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


THE VETERINARY BILL AND THE A. V.M. A. 


In the report of the recent meeting of the American Veteri- 
nary Medical Association at Cleveland, Ohio, will be found a 
ringing set of resolutions, praying the President of the United 
States to give an attentive ear to the plea of the veterinarians in 
the Army. The adoption of the resolution carries with it in- 
structions to the President of the Association to appoint a com- 
mittee to seek an audience with President Roosevelt and to de- 
liver the memorial into his hands, and to personally urge him 
to approve the measure. 


ARMY VETERINARY NOTES. 


Cuas. H. JEWELL, Vet. 13th Cav., arrived at Fort Riley, 
Kansas, Aug. 19, from Manila (July 15), where he is detailed as 
Instructor in the Farriers’ and Blacksmiths’ Schools. 

THE months of August and September constitute the season 
of marches, camping and manceuvring in the Army, and our 
military colleagues are nearly all absent from their garrisons, 
either in camps of manceuvre or for target practice of artillery. 


SOME changes of stations of cavalry regiments, just an- 
nounced by the War Department, will bring about an exchange 
of several army veterinarians between the States and the Phil- 
ippines. The 4th Cavalry is to embark for foreign service by 
the end of August, which would take away Drs. Plummer and 
McKibbin, but it-is hoped that Dr. Plummer will be retained at 
Fort Riley, Kan., in his position as senior instructor at the 
school for farriers and horse-shoers, a position which he has 
filled so well during the last three years. The 3d Cavalry will 
embark in November, which takes Dr. Schwarzkopf away from 
the States. With the return of the 14th and 2d Cavalry from 
foreign service, Dr. Peter, 14th Cavalry, and Drs. Lusk and 
English, 2d Cavalry, will arrive home for a well-earned change 
to a more congenial and healthy climate. 

MOVEMENTS OF ARMY VETERINARIANS.—The following 
changes in the stations and duties of veterinarians are ordered 
by the War Department under date of July 18: Veterinarian 
Lester E. Willyoung, A. C., upon the completion of his duties 


096 ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 


with the 2d Provisional Regiment, Field Art., will proceed to 
Fort Riley for duty in the Training School for Farriers and 
Horseshoers and with the Field Artillery batteries at Fort Riley 
for a period of one year, relieving Veterinarian Richard H. 
Power, A. C. Veterinarian Power will proceed to Fort Sam 
Houston, Texas, for duty with the 2d Battalion, Field Art. Vet- 
erinarian Charles H. Jewell, 13th Cav., upon his arrival in San 
Francisco, will proceed to Fort Riley, for duty at the Training 
School for Farriers and Horseshoers for a period of one year, re- 
lieving Veterinarian John H. Gould, 11th Cav., who will join 
his regiment. 

THE STATUS OF THE VETERINARIAN IN THE ARMy.—The 
War Department has received many complaints from contract 
surgeons against the ruling that they are not entitled to cam- 
paign badges to be issued for war service except when they per- 
form service as an officer or enlisted man. The attention of the 
Department is called to the fact that under the orders of the 
Secretary of War veterinarians are, however, entitled to wear 
such badges and it is claimed by the contract surgeons that they 
have been unjustly discriminated against. In some interesting 
opinions on this subject the Judge Advocate General of the 
Army goes extensively into the status of a contract surgeon 
and a veterinarian. Hecalls attention to the fact that the issue 
of campaign badges is restricted in General Orders No. 4, 1905, 
to ‘officers and enlisted men in the Service’ and the right to 
wear them is restricted to the ‘‘officers and enlisted men to 
whom issued,” and it is his opinion that under existing orders a 
contract surgeon would not be authorized to receive, or to wear 
a campaign badge even though his service had been such as to 
entitle him to receive it. ‘‘ Paragraph 61 of the Uniform Reg- 
ulations,” Judge Advocate General Davis says, “is sufficiently 
broad to authorize a contract surgeon to wear the campaign 
badge, but his right to do so is defeated by the restrictive lan- 
guage which is used in General Orders No. 4. If it be thought 
proper that the campaign badge should be issued to and worn 
by contract surgeons whose service has been such as to entitle 
them to it, that end can be obtained by such a modification of 
the requirements of General Orders No. 4 as will bring it into 
harmony with Paragraph 61 of the Uniform Regulations.” 
General Davis, with regard to the status of veterinarians, calls 
attention to Section 2 of the Act of Feb. 2, 1901, which estab- 
lishes the office of veterinarian in each regiment of Cavalry 
therein provided for. ‘‘A subsequent section of the same enact- 


‘Tom gnt 


ARMY VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 597 


ment fixes the pay and allowances of the office so established,” 
he says, ‘“‘by requirement that the veterinarians thereinbefore 
authorized shall receive the pay and allowances of second lieu- 
tenants mounted. ‘The office so established is a military office 
which vests in a particular appointee as the result of an exercise 
of the appointing power; which is vested in the Secretary 
of War by Paragraph 200 of the Army Regulations of Igor. 
Veterinarians are not commissioned officers because their ap- 
pointments are not made by the President with the consent of 
the Senate, and are not evidenced by commissions signed by the 
President ; but they are provided with appointments in writing 
signed by the appointing power, and in all matters relating to 
pay and allowances, including the clothing allowances, they are 
assimilated to commissioned officers. It is therefore the opinion 
of this office that they are entitled to wear the distinctive badge 
for service in campaign and should be furnished with the badge 
at cost price.’ —(Army and Navy Journal.) 


INFECTED WHILE INJECTING TUBERCULIN.—While testing 
some dairy cows recently Dr. Richard P. Lyman, of Hartford, 
Conn., met with an accident that laid him up for ten days or a 
fortnight. Dr. Lyman was injecting a cow with tuberculin 
when she kicked wickedly, driving the needle of the syringe 
through the Doctor’s thumb. It is not certain whether some of 
the tuberculin went into his thumb or not. The wound, how- 
ever, became infected and blood poisoning set in, and the Doc- 
tor was soon a very sick man. We are glad to be able to state 
that he has made a good recovery. 

PROCEEDINGS OF THE CENTRAL CANADA ASSOCIATION.— 
We have received the printed proceedings of the third annual 
meeting of the Central Canada Veterinary Association, held at 
Ottawa, Feb. 8 and 9, 1905. It contains the Constitution and 
By-Laws, the minutes of the meeting, the papers read and the 
discussions thereon, together with a list of the active and hon- 
orary members. It is edited by the Reporter, Dr. Chas. H. 
Higgins, Ottawa. 

Tur NEw EMPIRE STATE EXAMINING BOARD.—Governor 
Higgins has selected the following five gentlemen from the list 
of ten given him by the State Society to act on the Board of Vet- 
erinary Examiners for New York :—E. B. Ackerman and C. E. 
Clayton, of New York City ; Thomas F. O’Dea, of Saugerties ; 
William H. Kelly, of Albany, and A. G. Tegg, of Roches- 
ter. 


Cr 
(le) 
DP 


SURGICAL ITEMS. 


SURGICAL ITEMS. 
By L. A. AND FE. MERILLAT, CHICAGO. 


1. The Merit of Tetanus Antitoxin as a preventive against 
tetanus was recognized by veterinarians as early as eight years 
ago. During the past five or six years it came into general use 
in the veterinary profession, which circumstance gives to us the 
credit of demonstrating its worth, as it is only during the past 
twelve months that the human surgeon has given much atten- 
tion to this valuable prophylactic agent. 

2. Post-Operative Pneumonia, with a wider application of 
surgical operations to the cure of domestic animal diseases, the 
subject of post-operative pneumonia becomes more and more im- 
portant. The susceptibility of animals to pneumonia from surgi- 
cal operations, while not as great as in the “‘weak-lunged” human 
being, is sufficient to give the veterinary surgeon who operates 
a nominal number of cases of this character, and hence warrants 
some attention. Post-operative pneumonia is always serious 
and more often fatal than other forms of the disease. The causes 
leading to the disease are as follows: (1) The aspiration of 
foreign or putrid matter into the air passages; (2) haemorrhage 
into the lower air passages ; (3) the irritation of inhaled anzsthet- 
ics; (4) emboli flowing into the lungs from ligated veins; (5) 
exposure to drafts or cold of animals recently debilitated by an 
operation; (6) exposure of animals to infectious diseases of the 
air passages, prior to or soon after operations. The prevention 
of post-operative pneumonia must vary with the probable cause. 
Aspiration of insulting matter into the lungs must always be 
taken into account as a possible accident of operations perform- 
ed in the recumbent position, and especially when an anesthetic 
is administered. In the ox regurgitated ingesta in large quan- 
tities may find its way down the trachea; the dog may vomit 
and aspirate the mass into the lungs; and the horse is always 
liable to inhale pus, blood, saliva or medicants when operations 
are performed along the course of the air passages ; blood in any 
considerable quantity must in some manner be prevented from 
finding its way downward into the lungs. Anzesthesia must not 
be unnecessarily prolonged and must be avoided in susceptible 
subjects. Animals subjected to the trying ordeal of a painful 
operation must be well cared for by keeping the body warm and 
comfortable, which precaution will also limit, if not prevent, 
pneumonia from emboli. 


pil dik ies 


SURGICAL ITEMS. 599 


3. Appropriate Appliances to Secure Patients should not be 
wanting in a veterinary surgeon’s equipment. A shoemaker 
without a bench or a blacksmith without a forge is no worse off 
than the veterinarian without the standard apparatuses to re- 
strain his patients. What is meant by “standard apparatuses” 
is: (1) An operating table for hospital operations ; (2) a casting 
harness for field work and for operations that cannot be 
performed upon the table, z.e., cryptorchid castration, herniot- 
omy, etc. ; (3) aside-line for ‘‘ standing” operations ; (4) a table 
for canine and feline operations. 

4. The Surgical Clinic at the Cleveland Meeting, thanks to 
the local committee of arrangements, exceeded the highest ex- 
pectations. The roomy place, the various methods of restrain- 
ing patients, the seating arrangement, the variety of instructive 
cases, and the humane and skilful methods of operating, proved 
more than satisfactory to all who were fortunate enough to at- 
tend. ‘Those who are specially interested in the advancement 
of surgery will join with the masses and laud this clinic, but 
will continue to guard against the recommendation of some past 
clinics the A. V. M. A. has stamped with approval. Let us 
hope that future committees may be able to follow the example 
set by the local committee of arrangements at Cleveland. 


A PECULIAR CASE [Andrew E. Donovan, D. V. S., Vetert- 
narian A. C., Vancouver, Barracks, Washington, in “ Western 
Veterinarian” |.—A two-year-old stallion was brought to me on 
the eighth of April, with a discharge of pus from the scrotum. 
About a year before he had been placed at pasture on an old 
logging ground, and when taken up three months later was 
very emaciated. After feeding wel] on a grain ration he took 
on flesh and although the owner noticed a discharge at that 
time he did nothing concerning it. The animal being cast, ex- 
amination revealed a tubular formation in the median line of 
the scrotum between the two testicles. This was about four 
inches long and discharged a large amount of pus. A probe 
inserted stopped at a hard foreign substance. The animal was 
anzsthetised and the tube split with a straight bistoury, mak- 
ing an opening about an inch long through the skin and run- 
ning the entire length of the tube. I inserted forceps and after 
some manipulation removed in two parts a piece of charred 
Oregon fir two inches by one and one-half inches by one-half 
inch. After irrigation with an antiseptic solution the animal 
was released and made a speedy recovery. 


600 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES 


ENGLISH REVIEW. 


By Prof. A. LiAuTARD, M. D., V. M. 


A CALCULUS IN THE SMALL INTESTINE [W. Barling, M. 
R.C. V. S.|.—The presence of a calculus in that portion of the 
intestinal tract is rather a rare occurrence. It was found in a 
stallion which had colicky pains, received colic draughts without 
result, and notwithstanding subsequent treatment of chloridine 
and cannabis indica, of morphia and atropine, chloral administra- 
tions, sedatives, fomentations, etc., finally died. At the post-mor- 
tem the stomach was found distended with fluid and gas. ‘The 
small intestine was inflamed,’and in it there was found a 
calculus weighing 1 lb. 7 oz. The author says: ‘It is difficult 
to imagine the obstruction to have formed there and it is almost 
more difficult to think that it could have moved forward from 
the large intestine. A portion of the jejunum was bulged 
and thin, where no doubt the calculus had rested for some 
time, as it was found some three or four inches posterior to 
this and almost two feet from the stomach.—( Vet. Record, March 
Il. 

contain STROKE IN ANIMALS [/ames Smith, M. R. C. 
V. S.|.—A previous article on the subject suggests to the 
writer the propriety of recording this “‘ outbreak of lightning 
stroke.” One day a severe thunder storm occurred, and after a 
particularly vivid flash of lightning the author said to a friend 
that possibly he would hear of some damage done by it. The 
following morning he was called to a mare, down in a field and 
unable to rise. Her head was enormously swollen as in a bad 
case of purpura, dark colored blood oozed from her nose ; she 
laid with her chin resting on the ground. The mucous mem- 
branes were livid color. The breathing stertorous, pulse imper- 
ceptible. The mane behind the poll was distinctly singed. 
Diagnosis, struck by lightning. The animal was destroyed. An 
hour later, the author was called to see a dead horse on a wide 
‘unprotected pasture, where he had been turned out. He had 
a distinct punctured wound penetrating the chest. about six 
inches behind the shoulder. The wound was the size of a 
florin and its edges distinctly charred. A few minutes after he 


a a a 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 601 


was called to another dead horse. This one had tried to shelter 
himself under a hedge and had been knocked through the hedge 
and across a dyke into the next field. He showed no signs of 
lightning stroke. These three cases were in a direct line from 
north to south, the direction followed by the flash, and about one 
mile and a quarter the distance between the outside cases. In 
a professional point of view, it is to be regretted that no careful 
post-mortem examination was made, but the history of the 
cases, the condition of the bodies and the surroundings seem to 
warrant an opinion as to the cause of death.—(Vet. Record, 
March, 1905.) 

POLYPUS OF UNUSUAL SIZE EASILY REMOVED (/. A. Mere- 
dith).—A black charger, seven years old, is examined, and a 
sloughing growth is detected in the near nostril situated a little 
distance up. Taking hold of the mass it gradually comes down 
and drops in the hands of the writer. A smali hemorrhage 
follows, the animal coughs some, but soon everything returns to 
its normal condition after the use of a few cold douches. The 
mass proved to be a large polypus, which measured 11 inches 
in its peduncle. The horse was not a roaret; he had a queer 
temper previous to the removal of the polypus; now he is per- 
fectly quiet and does his work well.—(Vet. Record, March, 
1905.) 

HAMATURIA IN A BULL FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF RENAL 
VESSELS [H. A. Reed|.—At the Serum Institute of Cairo an 
Egyptian bull was kept to furnish rinderpest serum ; he had 
already furnished forty-four litres of his blood to that effect, 
when one day, as he was going to be bled, it was noticed that 
he passed blood in the urine, blood which coagulated rapidly. 
As he seemed otherwise in good health, no special treatment 
was directed. A few days later the hematuria had ceased and 
_ it was supposed that the animal was well. Two days later blood 
reappeared. As the animal was losing in condition, he was bled 
to death forserum. At the post-mortem it was found that severe 
internal hemorrhage had taken place. The bladder was dis- 
tended and completely filled with blood. On removal of the right’ 
kidney, the capsule was found separated from the organ by a 
blood clot two inches thick. There were small hemorrhages 
in the medulla of the gland. The renal vessels were dissected 
with difficulty, but no definite rupture could be described. 
The right psoas. muscles were also blood stained and softened. 
—(Vet. Record, April, 1905.) 

ABNORMAL INGUINAL OPENING 


ESCAPE OF INTESTINE— 


602 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


RECOVERY [Ad. Maynard, M. R. C. V. S.].—The author has 
castrated about 30 ridglings and has never met with such a con- 
dition. A four-year-old horse is to be operated upon. Cast and 
secured, no testicle is detected on the right side ; that of the left 
is largely developed. The skin is divided and a large quantity 
of fat is found over the right inguinal canal, and instead of the 
ordinary opening with strong pillars formed by the oblique ab- 
dominal’ muscles, nothing is found but a large slit extending 
from one commissure to the other. The hand, introduced in the 
abdomen, feels for the testicle; none is found ; the horse strug- 
gles, and an enormous mass of the single colon escapes. With 
great difficulty it is returned into the abdomen, after careful 
washing, and the opening closed as well as possible with carbo- 
lized catgut. Desirous to finish the operation, the writer looked 
for another opening, and midway between the prepuce and the 
inguinal canal he found another slit, similar to the first, but 
sinaller, and right beside it the testicle, which was removed 
with the ecraseur. The abdominal opening was closed, the 
wounds packed with oakum dipped in creolin solution and the 
skin stitched with silk. ‘The same evening the horse had high 
fever, but the next morning appeared more comfortable. Con- 
valescence followed its course, and the animal recovered in com- 
paratively short time.—(Vez. Record, April, 1905.) 

ACCIDENTS FROM BEING CAST IN STALL.—D0rslocation of 
the Tibio-Astragaloid Joint |W. A. Schofield, Lieut., A. V. 
D.|.—A horse was reported as having broken its leg during 
the night. He was found lying on the off side with the heel of 
the near hind shoe caught fast in the head collar. The collar 
was cut and the leg released, when it was found to be broken. 
There was a complete compound dislocation of the tibio-tarsal 
joint of the near leg with the lower end of the tibia protruding 
through the skin. The animal had no disease of the bony 
structure and must have struggled considerably to produce such 
lestotie eet Dislocation of the Cervical Vertebre—Recovery 
[W. Mole, M. R. C. V. S.|.—Found cast in his stall, early in the 
morning, he is unable to get up by himself, but does so with 
help, when his neck is observed to be twisted in a peculiar posi- 
tion. ‘The head was pendulous and swung from side to side. In 
walking the horse knuckles over on the hind fetlocks. The 
curved condition of the neck indicates that it is due to the fourth 
or fifth cervical vertebra. ‘A thick woollen rug was bound 
round the neck, enclosing a short length of board, and one of 
the attendants instructed to hit a sharp blow at the spot indicat- 


EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 603 


ed,* at the same time pulling firmly on the head by means of 
head stall.” This was done, the blow staggered the horse, he 
fell and a sharp click was heard. The horse laid down for two 
hours, then gradually lifted his head, and got up with a slightly 
sore but straight neck.—(Vet. Record, April, 1905.) 


BELGIAN REVIEW. 
By Prof. A. Liaurarp, M. D. V. M. 


DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA OF THE RETICULUM IN a Cow— 
CHRONIC TYMPANITES AND PSEUDO-PERICARDITIS [ Prof. Lien- 
aux|.—The cow is six years old; for a few weeks she has suf- 
fered constantly with tympanites and eats poorly. She is in- 
deed in very poor condition. The following symptoms are 
observed: pulse weak but normal in frequency ; mucous mem- 
branes pale ; jugular veins at intervals are largely developed and 
prominent; there is no cedema or swelling of the lymphatic 
glands; temperature around 38° C; sublumbar glands normal 
to the touch by rectum ; there is permanent not excessive tym- 
panites ; feces normal. The respiration is very slow; exagger- 
ated sound indicatesemphysema. ‘The heart’s beatings are felt 
on the right but are imperceptible on the left. There is no 
cardiac dullness ; but on the contrary, dullness on the lower 
third of the right costal region. The beatings are absent on 
the left and well heard to the right. These symptoms are 
resumed in chronic tympanites and troubles about the heart. As 
the animal is very low she is destroyed. At the post-mortem 
there was found an infrapericardial tumor, formed by a portion 
of the reticulum, which was protruding in the thorax through 
two circular rings of the diaphragm—one situated on the me- 
dian line immediately above the sternum, the other more on the 
left. The portion of the organ passed through the first opening 
was as big as a child’s head, that through the second ring as 
large as the fist. The fibrous and regular borders of the rings 
were adherent to the protruding organ. The meteorism was 
easily explained and another cause can be added to the list of 
those that give rise to it, viz.: diaphragmatic hernia of the re- 
ticulum.—(Aznales de Bruxelles, March, 1905.) 

THE INFLUENCE OF PREGNANCY UPON THE APPARITION 


* (Where the spot was, is not mentioned by the writer of the article. ) 


604 EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 


oF CHRONIC H#MATURIA IN Bovines [JZ Delcrotx|.—In 
1902 the author was called to visit a ten-year-old cow which was 
urinating blood. She was in good condition, eight months preg- 
nant. The hematuria appeared some six weeks or two months 
before. The same symptom was observed the year before, 
sometime before delivery. At that time the urine was only 
tinted red and the trouble passed away as soon as delivery took 
place, but now the coloration of the urine is much more marked ; 
simple tonics were prescribed, with no result. The cow delivered 
a calf in due time and the hematuria subsided at once. Fear- 
ing another repetition of the trouble the cow was not taken to 
the bull the next year, but in that following, she again became 
pregnant, and the hematuria symptoms reappeared in the fifth 
mouth, and the animal lost condition so fast that she had to be 
destroyed. Since this case the writer has had several others, 
and it is not an uncommon thing for him, when inquiring 
among his clients as to the frequency of this accident, to have 
had the same answer: ‘ This is nothing, our cow makes blood 
when she is in calf, but we pay no attention to it, as it passes 
off as soon as the calf is born.”—(Axnales de Bruxelles, April, 
7905.) 

LARYNGEAL ECCHONDROSIS IN A HORSE THAT HAD HAD 
STRIDULENT LarRyNGITIS [4 Vanden Eeckhout|.—The obser- 
vation was made on an old mare. She suffered some ten years 
ago with stridulent laryngitis characterized by loud roaring. 
When the acute symptoms subsided she remained a roarer, but 
was, however, able to perform a certain amount of work. She 
died by intestinal strangulation. At the post-mortem the larynx 
was carefully examined and presented the following lesions : 
The right arytenoid cartilage is thickened in its whole extent 
aud its internal face is the seat of a hard swelling, elongated and 
having the shape of acone. This swelling is three and a half 
centim. in length and is half a centimetre thick. It forms a 
kind of growth ending by a rough and projecting tubercle, 
which is in contact with the opposite arytenoid. The mucous 
membrane of both cartilages has lost its epithelium and is 
rather roughened. ‘The right vocal cord is more prominent and 
the right lateral ventricle is largely developed. The anterior 
opening of the larynx is irregular. And considered by the sub- 
glottal portion it is observed that this is narrowed and that 
there remains but a small slit, due to the obliquity of the left 
cartilage and the right occupying half the laryngeal canal. In 
the lower part the tubercle is observed passing beyond the me- 


EXTRACTS* FROM EXCHANGES. 605 


dian line. The aspect presented by the glottis and the sub- 
glottal cavity explained the roaring produced by the tumor, which 
on minute examination presented the characters of fibro-carti- 
laginous texture —it was an ecchondrosis. The muscles of the 
larynx were free of lesions and they were not atrophied.—(Az- 
nales de Med. Vet., June, 1905.) 


THORACIC TUBERCULOSIS—SIGNS OF PSEUDOPERICARDITIS 
IN A COW—TUBERCULOUS PERICARDITIS [Z. Lzexaux].—This 
heifer has no clinical history. Her appetite is good and the di- 
gestive functions are perfect. However, minute examination 
revealed respiratory and circulatory troubles. Her respiration 
is accelerated (48), she has a dry and strong cough ; there is no 
nasal discharge. Percussion indicates bilateral dullness in the 
lower part of the chest, a little less marked on the right. Aus- 
cultation gives on both sides loud moist rales. The heart is 
felt beating on the right more than usual; it is not on the left 
side. Jugular veins are dilated; there is no cedema. Prescap- 
ular and mammary lymphatic glands areswollen. ‘Temperature 
varies between 39.5° and 4o° C. Tuberculin gives a negative 
result, but without it there was no doubt of the diagnosis of tu- 
berculosis. At the autopsy were found a massive tuberculosis 
of the anterior and middle lobe of the left lung and pleura, with 
big tubercular products uniting the parietal and visceral layers 
of the serous membrane. There was also an enormous tubercu- 
lous abscess in the lung and pressing against the pericardium, 
which is pushed to the right. The pericardial cavity is filled 
with tuberculous products, forming between the layers a complete 
synechia, two centimetres thick. The heart was small.—(Az- 
nales de Med. Veter., June, 1905.) 


THE color of milk is a poor guide by which to determine its 
richness. In many cases it is very misleading.—(Wagg.) 

Dr. FENIMORE, of Los Angeles, Cal., holds the record for 
colic cases; over thirty in one day.—( Western Veterinarian.) 

Dr. JAMES MCKEE, of Stapleton, S. I., died recently. He 
was a graduate of the New York College of Veterinary Surgeons 
and was a member of the A. V. M. A. 

Dr. R. T. WHITTLESEY, of Los Angeles, Cal., reports that 
he has used spelterine, or white rock hoof packing, in the treat- 
ment of pneumonia with splendid results. He covers the sides 
of the chest an inch thick and over this several layers of cotton 
and a many-tailed bandage. 


606 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 


The forty-second annual meeting convened in the large As- 
sembly Room of the Hollenden Hotel, Cleveland, Ohio, at 10 
o’clock a. M. on Tuesday, Aug. 15, and was called to order by 
President M. E. Knowles, of Montana, who in a few words in- 
troduced Hon. Tom L. Johnson, Mayor of Cleveland. The 
world-wide chief executive welcomed the large gathering to his 
city in the most cordial words, expressing the greatest confidence 
in the future of the profession, though acknowledging that his 
own heart had gone over to the automobile for pleasure riding. 
No meeting of the A. V. M. A. ever occurred with so many 
members and visitors in their seats at the drop of the gavel; a 
large number of ladies and children witnessing the ceremonies. 
At the conclusion of the Mayor’s address, the President called 
upon Dr. Roscoe R. Bell, of New York, who, addressing 
the host on behalf of his colleagues, warmly thanked the 
citizens of Cleveland for their hospitality, and gave a short 
sketch of thestatus, aims and ambitions of the National As- 
sociation. 

President Knowles then read his annual address, which 
was as follows: 

THE PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 
“ Gentlemen ; 

“The field of advice, suggestion for the betterment of 
the veterinary profession of America, even the rapid progress 
of our profession has been so ably covered by my learned 
predecessors that it is extremely difficult to find a new theme 
of even passing interest for discussion. You are all cogni- 
zant of the necessity for improving educational facilities ina 
number of our colleges, and I am pleased to say progress in this 
direction is being slowly but certainly made, largely, if not 
wholly, through the untiring efforts of this Association. The 
general condition of prosperity of the profession in America has 
never been so good as it is to-day, and there is every reason to 
believe that the usefulness of the veterinarian is increasing rap- 
idly as the lay public more fully recognize the value of the ed- 
ucated veterinarian’s services, not merely as a practitioner alle- 
viating the suffering of our domestic animals, but in the still 
higher sphere of the sanitarian. 

“The value of the veterinarian asa sanitarian is inestimable, 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 607 


particularly relative to the prevention of disease, suffering and 
death among the human family by the prevention and repression 
of animal disease communicable to man. While his mission as a 
practitioner is a most noble one, the part he plays in preserving 
human life is far more important. To be better able to be of 
greater service to humanity, every veterinarian should make a 
close study of comparative medicine, and, particularly, inform 
himself as tothe symptoms in man of the various well-known 
communicable animal diseases, notably glanders, since this of 
all animal diseases communicable to man is so infrequently rec- 
ognized by the average practitioner of human medicine. 

“The transmission of milk-born diseases should receive no 
little attention from the veterinarian, to the end that he may be 
the prime factor in the prevention of numerous child-destroying 
diseases. 

“The cultivation of the friendship of the human physician 
in the sphere of your practice, and the frequent discussion of ani- 
mal-born disease, will be of mutual benefit and redound to the 
advantage of public health. Keepalways in mind the necessity 
for and nobleness of preventing the dissemination of animal dis- 
ease communicable to man and the preserving of human life, 
not neglecting the fact that this grand accomplishment has, so 
far as the animal is concerned, both the humanitarian and com- 
mercial view point. 

“ During the past year Pennsylvania has recognized the im- 
portance of the veterinarian as a sanitarian by making our dis- 
tinguished colleague, Dr. Leonard Pearson, a member of the 
State Board of Health. Icongratulate Pennsylvania on the ex- 
ercise of such an excellent selection. 

“Tt is largely within our power to see to it that every State 
in the Union has upon its board of health a capable veterinarian. 
Let us make vigorous efforts in this direction by a strenuous at- 
tempt on the part of each member of our Association, and col- 
lectively, to show the medical profession and the lay public the 
important relation of animal disease to publichealth. Nothing 
will contribute to your success and standing more than to make 
yourself indispensable to your fellow-man. Is there a better 
method of so doing than by protecting his health ? 

“A number of our States now have fairly good live-stock san- 
itary laws that are being intelligently and vigorously enforced, 
which means that much good is being accomplished toward the 
prevention and repression of contagious and infectious animal 
disease. 


‘ SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


o> 
DMD 


0 


“Our Bureau of Animal Industry, under the efficient direction 
of Dr. Salmon, is doing a great work and rapidly increasing its 
scope, giving position and standing to a large number of veter- 
inarians. 

“The veterinary sanitary service of Canada under the direc- 
tion of that most progressive veterinarian, Dr. Rutherford, has 
made wonderful strides during the past few years under his cap- 
able direction, and is giving desirable positions to numbers of 
capable veterinarians. 

“ A connection with the sanitary service of a Federal, State, 
or Municipal government tends to give standing and position to 
the individual and certainly enhances the value of our profes- 
sion as a unit; but the individual practitioner must obtain so- 
cial and commercial position through his own effort, which I 
again say he has within himself to do, largely by convincing 
the public through deeds of worth and value of being necessary 
to their welfare. 

‘Tt is believed some advance has been made toward army leg- 
islation. I certainly trust this is true. We, as an association, 
must continue to make every endeavor in our power to the end 
that the veterinary service in our army at least equals that of 
the armies of England, Germany and France. Itis much to be 
regretted that ours, the most progressive nation in the world to- 
day, is the only one refusing to give rank and properly deserved 
recognition to our veterinary service in the army. 

“Reeling that it was fully the sense of the Association, and 
acting by and with the advice of your Executive Committee, at 
the urgent request of Ex-President Bell and many other mem- 
bers of our Association, I signed a warrant immediately after 
our 1904 meeting, for $100, as a contribution to the Nocard 
Monument Fund. You will remember that Dr. Bell made a 
strong plea for such action on the part of the Association in his an- 
nual address, but unfortunately the matter was overlooked dur- 
ing the rush of business incident to our 1904 meeting, and was 
unfortunately neglected. I fully believe that it was the unani- 
mous opinion of the Association that this slight contribution on 
our part should be made to the memory of this most distin- 
guished member of our profession, not alone because he was an 
honorary member of our Association, but on account of his most 
valuable work and contributions to veterinary literature. I 
trust the Association will sustain my action. 

“T would suggest, upon the recommendation of the Chairman 
of the present Programme Committee and the advice of our ex- 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 609 


cellent Secretary that the Programme Committee be abolished, 
and that the work be, as it was prior to this year, left in the 
hands of our efficient and capable Secretary. 

‘“‘T cannot close this brief address without some reference to 
that distinguished American citizen and patriot, the Mayor of 
this beautiful city. 

‘“« We have the good fortune to meet this year in what is not 
only one of the most beautiful of the many beautiful Amer- 
ican cities, but, what is of far greater importance to the citizen, 
in what a writer who knows says is the best governed city in 
the United States. That writer, Lincoln Steffens, attributes 
the excellent and most honest government of this city to the mag- 
nificent civic spirit of its people, led by Mayor Tom L. Johnson. 
As members of a scientific profession we should take a more 
than passing interest in Mayor Johnson, his methods and his 
position amorg the wealthy men who take an active part in 
what we call politics. 

“We are more than professional men. We are citizens, and 
were citizens before we were veterinarians. As members of a 
scientific profession we owe to the State the duty of standing 
for what is best and most scientific in the great organization 
that we call ‘Government,’ and we may learn a valuable les- 
sou from the career of Mayor Johnson. Possessed to an unusual 
degree with the ability to get money, his civic spirit and his love 
for his fellow-men have prevented him from degenerating into 
that most worthless type of the animal creation, a mere human 
machine for collecting dollars. J am aware that Mr. Johnson is. 
spoken of asa ‘crank’ by many of his fellow-citizens; but 
what man in all history who had ideas for the elevation of the 
human race has not been called a crank? In my State and in 
other States men have been called cranks and fools because they 
refused to sell their votes as citizens or as legislators. 

“‘Of Mayor Johnson it cannot be said that he is content to 
collect dollars, and that having collected them he is indifferent 
to the needs of his city, his State and his fellow-men. So, let 
it not be said of us that we are content to exist as mere collect- 
ors of fees for our professional services, and that having got our 
fees we are indifferent to the welfare of our cities, our States 
and our country. As members of a scientific profession we 
should recognize the fact, as citizens, that there is a Science of 
Government, and that otherwise government would have no 
tight to exist, just as we recognize the fact that Veterinary 
Medicine has no right to exist except as a science. Mayor 


610 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


Johnson had a national reputation before he became mayor of 
Cleveland, but as mayor of this city he has made a new national 
reputation, because in practice as in theory, he refuses to up- 
hold unscientific methods in government. 

‘“ Tet us, then, as workers in our Science, refusing to uphold 
unscientific methods in our profession, stand firmly against un- 
scientific methods in the greater and more important field of 
government. Let us recognize such men as Mayor Johnson as 
our co-workers in science. We will add but little to the prog- 
ress of humanity if we confine our efforts to the prevention and 
cure of the diseases of animals, and neglect the diseases of our 
civil, our political life. We add to the wealth of the Nation by 
preventing and curing the diseases of dumb animals, and 
whether or not we have the same beliefs as Mayor Johnson, let 
us stand with him in his efforts to prevent and cure the ills of 
society, and thereby add still more to the wealth of the Nation 
and to the happiness of mankind, for whatever may be a man’s 
profession, he is the best citizen who follows truth wherever it 
may lead, and in the light of truth recognizes the diseases of 
civil government and insists that scientific methods shall be 
used for the prevention and cure of those diseases. 

‘To not understand me as urging you to become politicians, 
but as members of a scientific profession to take your proper po- 
sition as scientific men among the real benefactors of mankind. 
Your reward may not appear in your bank books, but it will be 
none the less sure, in the greater esteem of your fellow-men and 
‘the approbation of your conscience. By pursuing an entirely 
different course, Mayor Johnson would, I believe, now be counted 
among those who count their wealth in nine figures; but I do 
not believe he would exchange his reputation as the best mayor 
of the best governed city in America for the ability to count his 
wealth in ten figures. 

‘While we are practicing the best methods of dehorning cat- 
tle, let us learn and practice the best methods of dehorning the 
grafters that trouble society. As year after year we practice the 
dipping of cattle to eradicate the parasites that infest them, let 
us learn and practice the art of freeing society from the social 
parasites that feed upon it. Let us keep in mind the fact that 
he is not a good citizen who does not give back to society as 
much as he gets from society, who does not render to his fellow- 
men a full equivalent for every service that they render to him. 
That is one of the valuable lessons that we may learn from the 
mayor of this city, who considers himself merely the chief ser- 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 611 


vant of this great municipality, which has 150,000 more popu- 
lation than the State in which I live. 

“Coming from the State of Montana, the third in area of all 
the States, sparsely populated, and living in a city that has less 
than 15,000 people, very naturally I take an intereat in the 
splendid city in which we meet—in its immense buildings, its 
broad streets teaming with life and business, its beautiful res- 
idences, and all the material things that together make what we 
call a great city. But, after all, the object of most interest to 
me, the chief exhibit of this Queen City of one of the greatest 
and most progressive States in the Union, is Mayor Johnson, who 
is devoting his wealth, his energies and his great business abili- 
ties to the betterment of government, of citizenshipand of human- 
ity. Gibe, jeer and jest do not turn him from his purpose, de- 
feat does not dishearten him, success has not made him auto- 
cratic, scandal has not smirched him, money does not tempt him 
from his purpose, and those who conspire against their fellow- 
men do not ask him into their councils. 

‘“‘T say these things to you, representatives of a scientific pro- 
fession, because what Mayor Johnson is doing for good govern- 
ment in Cleveland will in the end inure to your benefit as citi- 
zens of a great country. You and your children, on the At- 
lantic or the Pacific coast, in the South, in the Mississippi Val- 
ley or in the Rocky Mountains, will in the future reap benefits 
from the seed that Mayor Johnson is sowing in Cleveland. We 
will be benefited by the service he is rendering to good and 
clean government, and we will fall short of our duty if we fail 
to render an equivalent service by standing for what is best in 
government, as we stand for what is best in our chosen profes- 
sion.” 

As has been the custom for a number of years, the calling of 
the roll was dispensed with, and the attendance determined by 
registration cards furnished at the entrance, where badges were 
supplied to all members and visitors. The attendance was the 
largest in the history of the Association, and the list as supplied 
by the Secretary is as follows: 

THE ATTENDANCE. 
Members. 

W. J. Armour, Goshen, Ind. 

F. FE. Anderson, Findlay, O. 

John W. Adams, Philadelphia, Pa. 

F. Abele, Quincy, Mass. 

Francis S. Allen, Philadelphia, Pa. 


612 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


EK. P. Althouse, Philadelphia, Pa. 
S. Burrows, Cleveland, O. 

M. C. Baker, Montreal, Can. 
Tait Butler, Raleigh, N. C. 

S. Brenton, Detroit, Mich. 

W. W. Boucher, Ottawa, Can. 

J. H. Blattenburg, Lima, O. 

J. C. Burneson, Chicago, Il. 
Roscoe R. Bell, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Geo. H. Berns, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
A. H. Baker, Chicago, Il. 

E. C. Beckett, Boston, Mass. 

T. Earle Budd, Orange, N. J. 

J. Black, Richmond, Mich. 

W. L. Beebe, St. Paul, Minn. 
Thos. Bland, Waterbury, Conn. 
E. Burget, Wadsworth, O. 

W. lL. Baker, Buftalo) N- Y. 

G. B. Blackman, Chatanooga, Tenn. 
H. W. Brown, Columbus, O. 

W. S. Cass, St. Louis, Mo. 

T. Bent Cotton, Mt. Vernon, O. 
A. E. Cunningham, Cleveland, O. 
J. H. Crawford, Harvard, Ill. 


Chas. E. Cotton, Minneapolis, Minn. 


A. S. Cooley, Cleveland, O. 

G. W. Cliffe, Upper Sandusky, O. 
G. W. Dunphy, Detroit, Mich. 
Wm. Dougherty, Baltimore, Md. 
W. H. Dodge, Leominster, Mass. 


W. H. Dalrymple, Baton Rouge, La. 


H. Fulstow, Norwalk, O. 

Paul Fischer, Columbus, O. 

J. W Groves, Hamilton, Ont. 

S. H. Gilliland, Philadelphia, Pa. 
G. D. Gibson, Adrian, Mich. 

J. M. Good, Cincinnati, O. 

J. T. Glennon. Newark, N. J. 
D. Gorsuch, Glencoe, Md. 

J. O. Greeson, Kokomo, Ind. 
W. C. Holden, Delphos, O. 

T. B. Hillock, Columbus, O. 

R. H. Harrison, St. Paul, Minn. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


. H. Higgins, Ottawa, Can. 
. H. Howard, Coldwater, Be 

Puede Hoskins, Philadelphia, 

. Hoopes, Forest Hill, Md. 

ce. Hill, Jacksonville, Fla. 

. G. Hollingsworth, Utica, N. Y. 
. A. Jarman, Chestertown, Md. 
. B. Jones, Sidell, Il. 

aj. joy, Detroit, Mich. 

. W. Klotz, Noblesville, Ind. 
Ea Kinsley, Kansas City, Mo. 
mae, Kesler, Holley, N.Y. 

: W. Kenning, Pembroke, Ont. 

. E. Knowles, Helena, Mont. 
wi Kline, Wauseon, O. 

mes Law, ithaea, N.Y. 
. Ed. Leech, Winona, Minn. 
R. P. Lyman, Hartford, Conn. 


Peper et eae 


one 


E. L,. Loblein, New Brunswick, N. J. 


G. W. Loveland, Torrington, Conn. 
W. H. Lowe, Paterson, N. J. 
fee ieewe, Passaic, N. J. 

R. Muir, Grand Rapids, Mich. 
J. C. McNeil, Pittsburg, Pa. 

D. McAlpine, Brockville, Ont. 
W. C. McGuire, Cornwall, Ont. 
M. H. McKillip, Chicago, II. 
R. N. Mead, St. Paul, Minn. 
A. E. Moore, Ottawa, Can. 

R. J. Morrison, Detroit, Mich. 

2 ©. Moore, Kansas City, Mo. 
- Marshall, Philadelphia, Pa. 
. Merillat, pine Ill. 

. Milks, Candor, N Ne 

_ McNeal, Ames, Ta. 

. Myers, Wilmington, O. 

. Nattress, Delavan, Il. 

. Noack, Reading, Pa. 

. Newton, Toledo, O. 

_ O'Leary, Buffalo, Diy. 

i Presler, Fairbury, I]. 

. C. Porter, New Castle, Pa. 

. W. Powell, Bryn Mawr, Pa. 


Sa ean ae eee 
Poors ee 


613 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


Dp; A. Piatt; Lexington, Ky: 

J. M. Phillips, St. Louis, Mo. 

A. T. Peters, Lincoln, Neb. 

I,. Pearson, Philadelphia, Pa. 

C. H. Perry, Worcester, Mass. 

E. L. Quitman, Chicago, Ill. 

J. L. Robertson, New York. 

J. Robertson, Chicago, Ill. 

John J. Repp, Philadelphia, Pa. 

J. G. Rutherford, Ottawa, Can. 

M. H. Reynolds, St. Paul, Minn. 
F. A. Rich, Burlington, Vt. 

J. E. Ryder, New York. 

J. F. Roub, Monroe, Wis. 

G. H. Roberts, Indianapolis, Ind. 
H. E. States, Detroit, Mich. 

J. W. Scheibler, Memphis, Tenn. 
F. H. Schneider, Philadelphia, Pa. 
E. H. Shepard, Cleveland, O. 

E. P. Schaffter, Cleveland, O. 

N. I. Stringer, Watseka, III. 

a ee Smith, Jersey City, N. J. 
W. Shaw, Dayton, O. 

S. Stewart, Kansas City, Mo. 

L. E. Tuttle, Bernardsville, N. J. 
W. J. Tomlinson, Williamsport, Pa. 
T. Thacker, Renfrew, Ont. 

Z. Veldhuis, Fremont, Mich. 

G. B. Vleit, Hackettstown, N. J. 
W. L. Williams, Ithaca, N. Y. 

O. G. Whitestine, Huntingdon, Ind. 
S: He Ward, St; Paul Mann. 

G. R. White, Nashville, Tenn. 
Robert Weir, Rutland, Vt. 

J. F. Winchester, Lawrence, Mass. 
Geo. Waddle, Kalamazoo, Mich. 
D. S. White, Columbus, O. 

W. E. Wight, Pittsburgh, Pa.—(130.) 


Visiting Veterinarians. 


Canada.—S. J. Jupp, Petrola, Ont. 
District of Columbta.—J. D. Robinson, Washington. 
Tillinois.—F. H. Davis, Chicago; Chas. Frazier, Chicago ; 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 615 


G. P. Frost, Chicago; O. M. Goodale, Kewanee; O. F. Butter- 
field, Libertyville; W. J. Martin, Kankakee. 

Indiana.—D. McMahon, Noblesville; W. C. Clevenger, 
Winchester; R. G. George, Union City ; D. C. Smith, Frank- 
[OLE |. >. Wouald, Bay City: 

Michigan.—W. A. Haynes, Jackson; E. E. Patterson, De- 
troit; H. S. Smith, Albion; C. A. Waldron, Tecumseh; J. C. 
Whitney, Hillsdale ; F. O. Nottery, Detroit. 

New Jersey.—W. Runge, Newark. 

New York.—l,. L. Bishop, Delavan; Le Roy Webber, 
Rochester ; H. D. Gill, Theo. F. Krey, New Yorke; R. Perkins, 
Warsaw. 

Ohzo.—W. A. Axby, Harrison ; F. L. Avery, Cleveland ; S. 
H. Bretz, Nevada; O. V. Brumley, Columbus; W. A. Bisbee, 
Cleveland ; J. F. Bluisby, Bellevue ; E. H. Callender, Zanesville ; 
J. B. Caughey, Columbiana; W. E. Clemons, Granville ; Claude 
H. Case, Akron; W. F. Derr, Wooster; M. F. Danee, Marion ; 
ca. Dunn, Cleveland; P. A. Dillahunt, Springfield; R. E. 
Davis, Toledo; W. H. Derr, Mansfield ; N. H. Downs, Cleveland ; 
2 Wellenberser, Akron; A. L. Deal, Wilmot; C. W. Eddy, 
Cleveland; J. D. Fair, Beriin; J. E. Foster, Coshocton; A. D. 
Fitzgerald, Columbus; F. C. Fadner, Berea; C. B. Frederick, 
Canton ; M. P. Freed, Conneaut; W. F. Foust, Bryan; L. W. 
Goss, Ravenna; A. D. Greenville, Celina; W. H. Gribble, 
Washington C. H.; S. W. Gibson, Cleveland; R. F. Holland, 
Wellington ; F. A. Harsh, Minerva; R.C. Hill, W. Alexandria ; 
W. R. Howe, Dayton; E. O. Hess, Elyria; A. L. Hoisington, 
Fremont ; G. A. Harvey, Cleveland ; C. B. Horr, Shelby ; H. N. 
Jeffries, Greenville; W. E. Kreider, Wadsworth ; H. M. Manley, 
Dayton ; W. C. McC]ain, Zanesville; E. L. Metzgar, Louisville; 
F. Miller, Ft. Recovery; H. W. McMillen, Brookville; H. 
Miller, Cleveland ; G. C. Mower, Oak Harbor; S. B. McDougal, 
Youngstown; R. P. Moosteller, Republic; W. H. Turner, N. 
Amherst; H. W. Riley, Akron; F. Rigdon, Kenton; W. H. 
Redhead, Cleveland; W. A. Schaffter, Wooster; E. D. Smith, 
Cleveland; L. A. Severgood, Elyria; W. M. Sprengle, Glen- 
ville; F. F. Sheets, Van Wert; W. B. Scott, Middletown ; Z. 
W. Seibert, Crestline; W. T. Sparhawk, Lakewood; O. G. 
Spidell, Sugarcreek; W. J.. Torrance, Cleveland; M. W. 
Tritschler, Cincinnati; H. L. Williams, Newark; R. W. White- 
head, Youngstown ; G. C. Webb, Akron; I. A. Wyman, Kenton; 
W. B. Washburn, Tiffin ; J. Wingerter, Akron ; C. J. Williamson, 
Bucyrus. 


616 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


Pennsylvania.—E. E. Bittles, New Castle; W. D. Fuller, 
Somerset ; B. M. Freed, Sharon; W. O. McHugh, Pittsburgh ; 
Geo. Magee, Uniontown; J. F. Olweiler, Elizabethtown; H. F. 
Pegan, Cochranton; J. M. Sloan, Jamestown ; L. D. Sloan, Con- 
neautville; W. M. Wilson, Hartstown; A. W. Weir, Green- 
ville. 

West Virginia.—G. W. Kinsey, Wheeling. 

Wisconsin.—T. H. Ferguson, Lake Geneva—(111). 


Ladies. 


Canada.—Mesdames J. W. Groves, Hamilton, Ont.; A. E. 
Moore, Ottawa, Ont. ; Miss Lilian McFarland. 

District of Columbia.—Mrs. J. D. Robinson. 

Lllinois.—Mesdames J. C. Burneson, Chicago; A. H. Baker, 
Chicago; L. A. Merillat, Chicago; N. I. Stringer, Watseka. 

Maryland.—Mrs. Dickinson Gorsuch, Glencoe. 

Massachusetts —Mesdames Chas. H. Perry, Worcester; J. 
F. Winchester, Lawrence. 

Michigan.—Mrs. S. Brenton, Detroit; J. S. Donald, Bay 
City; G. D. Gibson, Adrian; C. H. Howard, Coldwater; H. E. 
States, Detroit ; J. C. Whitney, Hillsdale; Misses Andrews, De- 
troit; Candor, Detroit; Margaret Veldhuis, Overisel; Lena 
Veldhuis, Overisel; R. L. Brenton, Detroit. 

Minnesota.—Mrs. G. Ed. Leech, Winona; Miss Margaret 
Cotton, Minneapolis. 

Missourt.—Mrs. J. M. Phillips, St. Louis. 

New Jersey.—Mrs. Wm. H. Lowe, Paterson. 

New York.—Mesdames Geo. H. Berns, Brooklyn; W. L. 
Baker, Buffalo; Misses Nellie C. Berns, Brooklyn; E. Speed, 
Ithaca; Ethel Williams, Ithaca; May Williams, New York. 

Ohio.—Mesdames F. E. Anderson, Findlay; F. M. Burrows, 
Cleveland; A. S. Cooley, Cleveland ; Paul Fischer, Columbus ; 
L. A. Harsh, Minerva; W. C. Holden, Delphos; S. D. Myers, 
Wilmington ; J. V. Newton, Toledo; L. R. Webber, Cleveland ; 
QO. BE. Cotton, Mt. Vernoi=: DD: Turner, Neo Amberst5 7G.) We 
Cliffe, Upper Sandusky; W. H. Redhead, Cleveland; E. H. 
Callender, Zanesville; H. W. Brown, Columbus; W. B. Wash- 
butn, Tiftin; J. D.;FaireBerlin;: R: Ci WwW Alexanadaae 
H. W. McMillen, Brookville; L. J. Dunn, Cleveland; A. E. 
Cunningham, Cleveland; W. C. Fair, Cleveland; W. H. Grib- 
ble, Washington C. H.; N. H. Downs, Cleveland; Frank Rig- 
don, Kenton; J. E. Foster, Coshocton ; J. A. Wyman, Kenton; 
Miss M. E. Fair, Cleveland. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 617 


Pennsylvantia.—Mesdames F. S. Allen, Philadelphia; John 
W. Adams, Philadelphia; W. H. Hoskins, Philadelphia; C. J. 
Marshall, Philadelphia; E. C. Porter, New Castle; E. W. 
Powell, Bryn Mawr; F. H. Schneider, Philadelphia; A. W. 
Weir, Greenville; W. M. Wilson, Hartstown—(70). 

Other Vsztors. 

Canada.—Gordon Boucher, Ottawa; W. S. Groves, Hamil- 
ton, Ont. 

Illinots.—1. R. Andrews, Chicago; J. P. Dunn, Chicago; 
Hey) Wall, Chicago; D. E. Osgoodby, Chicago; Alex Eger, 
Chicago ; Captain A.C. Merillat, Chicago. 

Indiana.—Geo. Barcus, Wabash. 

Michigan.—R. J. Morrison, Sr., Detroit; L. C. Layson, De- 
troit; C. N. Anderson, Detroit. 

New York.—Bellmont Bell, Brooklyn; Hollingsworth Bell, 
Brooklyn. 

Ohto.—E. Carter, Toledo; W. C. Drake, Cleveland ; Hon. 
Tom L. Johnson, Mayor, Cleveland; O. W. Johnson, Cleve- 
land; W. A. Axby, Harrison; G. Foster, Coshocton; W. E. 
Burneson, Berea; A. L. Palmer, Cleveland.—(22.) 

NEW MEMBERS ELECTED. 


At the various seatings of the Executive Committee the fol- 
lowing applicants were recommended for membership in the 
Association, and they were unanimously elected: 

Waneteeid Blair, D. V.S. (McGill U., ’02), New York City. 
Vouchers, Roscoe R. Bell and Wm. Herbert Lowe. 

Summer burnett; D. V. M. (N.Y. S. V.C., ’o2), Ithaca, 
N. Y. Vouchers, V. A. Moore and P. A Fish. 

W. B. Fleming, ,V. M. D. (U. P., ’05), Montgomery, Ala. 
Vouchers, John J. Repp and C. J. Marshall. 

eorte A. Hanvey, Jr., D. V. S. (K..C. V. C., 05), Clemson 
College, S.C. Vouchers, Louis A. Klein and Benjamin McIn- 
nes. 
Abram H. Metzger, V. M. D. (U. P., ’03), Millersville, Pa. 
Vouchers, John J. Repp and C. J. Marshall. 

Charles S. Moore, V. S. (N. Y. C. V.S., ’91), Danvers, Mass. 
Vouchers, Benj. D. Pierce and Harry Lukes. 

Sidney D. Myers, V. S. (O. V. C., '94), Wilmington, Ohio. 
Vouchers, Walter Shaw and T. B. Hillock. 

Z. Veldhuis, D. V. S. (Vet. Dept., Detroit College of Medi- 
cine, 96, K. C. V. C., ’04), Fremont, Mich. Vouchers, S. Bren- 
ton and George W. Dunphy. 


618 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


Enoch Barnett, V. M. D. (U. P., ’05), Philadelphia, Pa. 
Vouchers, John J. Repp and Clarence J. Marshall. 

Eugene W. Bradley, V. M. D. (U. P., ’05.), Philadelphia, 
Pa. Vouchers, John J. Repp and Clarence J. Marshall. 

H. W. Brown, D. V. M. (O. S. U., 02), Columbus, Ohio: 
Vouchers, T. B. Hillock and John V. Newton. 

G. -W. Cliffe, D: V. S..(Ohio. V.-C:," 92) Upper sanduskas 
Ohio. Vouchers, T. B. Hillock and John V. Newton. 

Charles I,. Colton, V. M..D. (U. P., ’or); “Hartioniyaee 
Vouchers, Richard P. Lyman and Thos. Bland. 

W. R. Edwards, M. D.C. (C. V. C., ’05), Vicksburg, Miss. 
Vouchers, W. H. Dalrymple and M. M. White. 

Charles F. Flocken, D. V. M. (N. Y. S. V. C., ’or), Havana; 
Cuba. Vouchers, Nelson S. Mayo and John S. Buckley. 

G. D. Gibson, V. S. (O. V. C., ’93), Adrian, Mich. Vouch- 
ers, George W. Dunphy and S. Brenton. 

R. R. Hammond, V.S: (O..V. C.,°85); Cherokee silemace 
Vouchers, H. C. Simpson and J. I. Gibson. 

James J. Joy, V. S. (O. V. C., ’89), Detroit, Mich. Vouch- 
ers, S. Brenton and Geo. W. Dunphy. 

AquiJa Mitchell, D. V. S. (A. V. C., ’95), Skaneateles, N. Y. 
Vouchers, W. J. Coates and J. L. Robertson. 

Robertson Muir, M. R. C. V. S. (Glasgow, Scotland, 1875), 
Grand Rapids, Mich. Vouchers, Geo. W. Dunphy and S&S. 
Brenton. 

George B. Vliet, V. S. (O. V. C., ’91), Hackettstown Nag 
Vouchers, William Herbert Lowe and T. E. Smith. 

W. B. Washburn, V. S. (O. V. C., ’93), Tiffin, Ohio. Vouch- 
ers, E. H. Shepard and John V. Newton. 

W. E. Kreider, V. S. (O. V. C., ’94), Wordsworth, Ohio. 
Vouchers, E. Burget and John V. Newton. 

C. W. Springer, V. M. D. (U. P.,’05), Mount Carmel, Pa. 
Vouchers, John J. Repp and C. J. Marshall. 


Reinstatements. 


The following were reinstated to full membership on recom- 
mendation of the Executive Committee : 

G. Allen Jarman, Chestertown; Md. 

D. W. Curtis, Cadillac, Mich. 

David S. White, Columbus, Ohio. 

William R. Howe, Dayton, Ohio. 

J.-D. Fair, Berlin, Ohie: 

George B. Blackman, Chattanooga, Tenn. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 619 


W. E. Wight, Pittsburgh, Pa. 


The reading of the minutes of the 190, meeting was also not 
done, but the printed minutes of the proceedings were submit- 
ted by the Secretary and were approved by the Association. 


REPORTS OF REGULAR COMMITTEES. 


It is not the purpose of the reporter to go deeply into the ex- 
haustive and extremely valuable reports furnished by these com- 
mittees, as they will be published in full in ‘‘ Proceedings,” but 
simply to enumerate the points treated of. 


Intelligence and Education. 


The Committee on Intelligence and Education reported in 
sections, the Chairman having assigned to each member a sub- 
ject for his investigation. 

Chairman Clarence J. Marshall, of Pennsylvania, read the gen- 
eral report in which he reviewed the condition of the profession 
throughout the country. He showed that there was an increase 
everywhere in the investigation of animal diseases, and an im- 
proved nomenclature, particularly parasitic diseases, their causes, 
treatment, etc., and the literature was so rapidly developing that 
it is hard for one to keep abreast of the times. In reference to 
the schools the Chairman said it was very difficult to obtain re- 
liable reports, and the only means he has had of forming a judg- 
ment was through the quality of their graduates as developed 
through the examining boards. ‘These sources of information 
indicate that recent graduates show a decided. improvement 
over those of a few years ago; probably the most conspicuous 
deficiency in the modern graduate is his lack of knowledge of 
horsemanship and upon practical subjects, which they have to 
acquire after graduation, eitherin the capacity of assistant to an 
established practitioner or at the expense of their clients. The 
Chairman recommended that future committees keep in touch 
with the examining boards as affording the best means of know- 
ing the quality of the work being done by the colleges; the 
questions propounded by the boards and the answers obtained 
would show the weak points in the schools. 

Dr. M. H. Reynolds, member of the committee, rendered a 
report of recent literature, and it was a most exhaustive and 
valuable one. He did not give a dry enumeration of the prod- 
uct of veterinary and comparative minds in the past year, but 
he gave a charming review of the salient points in many of the 
more important works, showiug that he had been an extensive 


620 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


reader in all fields that have a bearing upon comparative medi- 
cine. His report, to be published in ‘‘ Proceedings,” should be 
carefully read by every man who wishes to keep in touch with 
all that is transpiring in the busy world, and from his estimate 
of the importance of the various works one can know just what 
is best to read. Few men have the ability to read to the extent 
that Dr. Reynolds does, and his conclusions should be of the 
ereatest value to those who have time for only limited reading. 
Dr. Reynolds thought that it might be better for future com- 
niittees to take up one or two subjects each year (infectious dis- 
eases, surgery, tuberculosis, etc., and thoroughly review every- 
thing in their literature of value, rather than to give a miscel- 
laneous report such as his necessarily was. 

Dr. George R. White, of Tennessee, reported upon the colleges, 
and certainly no committeeman ever went at an investigation 
more thoroughly than he. He sent out to every college heada 
list of pertinent questions which if conscientiously answered 
ought to have placed the Association in possession of intimate 
knowledge of the exact work being done by the various schools. 
The responses from the deans was very full, and if their an- 
swers are to be depended upon every school is doing good work, 
and omitting but little which could add to the sum of knowl- 
edge. For that matter, the announcements lack nothing in this 
direction ; but it is well known that high-sounding platitudes 
are by some substituted for work in the class-room, and these 
weil-printed statements are but a glazing to cover over imper- 
fect and insufficient teaching. Dr. White’s report while dealing 
in cold questions and responses, had many humorous features, 
and his conclusions from the great amount of work which he 
accomplished are worth much to those engaged in standardizing 
education in the different schools. The reorganization of the As- 
sociation of Faculties and Examining Boards in cooperation 
with the A. V.M. A. is treated of elsewhere in this number, 
and has a great bearing on this perplexing problem. 

Committee on Diseases. 

Dr. Charles H. Higgins, of Canada, Chairman of this com- 
mittee, made a report dealing with the subject in general, but 
on account of the absence of other members of the committee, 
gave the absentees the post of honor and read their papers in- 
stead of his own. The paper by Dr. John R. Mohler, in- 
tended as a section of the committee’s work, was really a very 
scientific investigation of a group of diseases caused by the Ba- 
cillus necrophorus, which properly was a thesis and not a report 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 621 


on diseases. It will make extremely interesting reading matter 
in the “ Proceedings.” Dr. Higgins argued that the Committee 
on Diseases has really no province, since the reports of the State 
Secretaries cover the existence of diseases in the various sec- 
tions of the country, and the consideration of special diseases 
not only usurps the work of the secretaries, but encroaches upon 
the ground of the essayist. At his suggestion, the Association 
voted to discharge the committee. ‘Too much praise cannot be 
extended to this committee for its work during the past two 
years, during which time Dr. Higgins has occupied the chair- 
manship. He has done a great deal of hard work and has thor- 
oughly demonstrated that there is really no place for this com- 
mittee. 


The Publication Committee. 


Chairman Lyman rendered a full report of his stewardship, 
showing the gradually increasing cost of publication of the an- 
nual ‘‘ Proceedings” and his efforts to stem the tide. ‘The ad- 
ditional cost is occasioned by the increasing size of the book, 
the greater number of copies required, and the augmented cost 
of work and material. He made some pertinent suggestions 
looking to a lessening of typewriters during the meeting by in- 
sisting upon copy being furnished properly edited by the authors, 
thus doing away with the necessity of furnishing manuscript for 
correction during the meeting. It is proposed to make a greater 
distribution of ‘‘ Proceedings”? among scientific and medical 
bodies, thus giving a broader dissemination of the valuable ma- 
terial presented to the annual meetings of the Association. 


4 Necrology. 

The committee reported four deaths among the membership 
during the year, and offered suitable expressions of regret at the 
loss sustained by the Association. ‘The names of the deceased 
members are Drs. W. B. E. Miller, of New Jersey; George H. 


Bailey, of Maine; James McKee, of Staten Island, N. Y.; and 
Charles Gresswell, of California. 


COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS. 


This committee offered the following important expressions 
of judgment on the part of the Association, which were 
adopted : 

The Army Veterinarian. 


“WHEREAS, Our country continues to be the only one of 


622 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


the leading nations of the world that maintains as civilians 
those who are engaged as veterinarians in our army service, 
and, 

‘“ WHEREAS, The continued faithful loyal service rendered 
our Government for more than two score of years without any 
promise of future reward to those of our number who have en- 
tered our army service, and who in the face of these undesirable 
conditions have enhanced in every way the character of the ser- 
vices rendered, and 

‘“ WHEREAS, The greater need of higher veterinary service 
in the broadening field of sanitary control and skilled profes- 
sional inspection work demand more and more a higher scien- 
tific standard of the educational attainments of those added from 
time to time to this branch of our national service ; therefore, 
be it 

‘“ Resolved, That in convention assembled, with over three 
hundred representatives of the profession present from all parts 
of our country, an appeal be made to our President, our national 
lawmakers, and our Army Department, to approve the measure 
presented by our army veterinarians, to the end that a just re- 
ward may be accorded them, and that our country be placed on 
as high a plane as our sister nations in the matter of army vet- 
erinary service.” 


The Southern Cattle Tick. 


‘“WHEREAS, The Southern cattle tick (Bodphilus annulatus) 
and the resulting Federal quarantine restriction on the move- 
ment of Southern cattle is the greatest obstacle to the growth of 
the cattle industry of the Southern States, and 

““ WHEREAS, The work of tick extermination in some of the 
Southern States demonstrates that it is perfectly feasible to 
eradicate the cattle tick, and 

‘‘ WHEREAS, The Federal Bureau of Animal Industry has 
successfully conducted measures to eradicate other diseases when 
affecting or jeopardizing the cattlé interests of other sections of 
the country ; therefore, be it 

‘* Resolved, That it is the sense of the Association that the 
time has arrived for active and substantial Federal assistance to 
the Southern States in their efforts to exterminate the greatest 
present menace to the cattle interests of a large part of our coun- 
try. JAMES LAW 

“J. L. ROBERTSON ~- Committee.” 
“ WILLIAM DouGHERTY J 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 623 


ARMY LEGISLATION. 


Chairman Lowe reported for this committee, submitting the 
bill now before the Secretary of War, from the veterinarians of 
the Army. The committee felt that, as nothing could be done 
by the army veterinarians themselves, the Association should 
send delegates directly ta President Roosevelt to plead for the 
very modest demands of the members of the service. There will 
be found in the report of the Committee on Resolutions a very 
manly memorial to the President of the United States and Pres- 
ident Lowe purposes appointing on the committee for next year 
men who can and will proceed to the National Capital and deliver 
the memorial to the President on behalf of the Association. It-is 
believed that our Chief Executive must see when his attention is 
thus drawn to the real status of the veterinary service in our 
Army that it is out of all proportion that the great American na- 
tion should be the most niggardly in this regard of any civil- 
ized country in the world. 


THE TREASURER’S REPORT. 


Treasurer Lowe submitted his carefully prepared statement 
of the operation of his office for the year, giving in detail every 
dollar received and accounting for every one expended. The re- 
port showed that the receipts were $2349.51; the expenditures 
$2014.62, leaving a balance on hand of $334.89. 


REPORTS OF RESIDENT STATE SECRETARIES. 


Resident Secretaries in the following States, Colonies, and 
Provinces were received, and either read by the Secretary in 
person, or placed on file with the Association for printing in 
the “ Proceedings:” Arizona and New Mexico, J. C. Norton, 
Phoenix, Arizona; Connecticut, F. F. Bushnell, Winsted ; Flor- 
ida, J. G. Hill, Jacksonville; Kentucky, D. A. Piatt, Lexing- 
ton; Maine, A. Joly, Waterville ; Maryland, F. H. Mackie, Bal- 
timore; Michigan, S. Brenton, Detroit; Minnesota, D. M. Mc- 
Donald, Brainerd; Nebraska, W. A. Thomas, Lincoln; New 
Jersey, james T. Glennon, Newark ; New York, J. E. Ryder, 
New York City ; Ohio, Paul Fischer, Columbus ; Pennsylvania, 
C. J. Marshall, Philadelphia; Tennessee, George R. White, 
Nashville; Vermont and New Hampshire, Ff. A. Rich, Bur- 
lington, Vermont ; Ontario, Canada, Thomas Thacker, Renfrew ; 
Philippine Islands, G. E. Nesom, Manila; Cuba and Porto Rico, 
N.S. Mayo, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba. 

The report of Secretary Fischer, of Ohio, was extremely in- 
teresting and brought out a full and valuable discussion. In the 


624 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


course of the report the statement developed that there were 
$120,000,000 worth of live stock in the Buckeye State, and to 
care for this great wealth there are 200 regular veterinarians. 
Glanders is a rather rare disease in that State, only 25 horses 
affected with it being destroyed during the iast year. These 
were confined to eight counties out of a total of 88 counties in 
the State. 

Secretary Rich, of Vermont, also gave a most interesting ac- 
count of veterinary matters in his State, principally narrating 
the method adopted in dealing with tuberculosis. In the last 
ten years 140,000 head of cattle have been submitted to the tu- 
berculin test, which is applied upon request of owners. When 
destroyed the State pays 80 per cent. of the appraised valuation, 
determined by government appraisers. It has been found that 
about 3 to 5 per cent. of all cattle are affected with the disease. 

Secretary Marshall, of Pennsylvania, contrary to his usual 
custom, did not read his report, which is usually a very inter- 
esting document. He explained that this year it was very long 
and better suited for publication, as it consisted largely of copies 
of the recent important laws secured by the profession in rela- 
tion to veterinary interests. The united profession in the Key- 
stone State was very fortunate during the last session of the leg- 
islature, obtaining appropriations and regulating statutes when- 
ever sought. 

The Librarian, Dr. W. L. Williams, gave a detailed account 
of his stewardship, showing just what has been received and 
disposed of in the Association’s literary archives. 


ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 


In the afternoon of the first day the annual election of off- 
cers occurs, and this year there was but little contest, it seem- 
ing to be the general opinion that the first names presented were 
wholly acceptable and no other nominations were made. The 
only instance where resort to the ballot had to be had was in 
the case of the selection of five Vice-Presidents, there being 
eight placed before the convention. 

Dr. Roscoe R. Bell, of New York, placed the name of Dr. 
Wm. Herbert Lowe, of New Jersey, before the meeting for the 
office of President, the speaker drawing attention to his long 
and unselfish labors in behalf of his profession and the Associa- 
tion, while Dr. T. Earle Budd, President of the Veterinary Med- 
ical Association of New Jersey, paid a glowing tribute to his 
colleague, recounting the almost superhuman work which Dr. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 625 


Lowe did in his native State, uniting a disorganized and demor- 
alized profession into a powerful and harmonious body; and 
then worked by day and by night until he secured the passage 
of excellent laws, governing and protecting practice in that 
State, and afterwards championing these laws by securing the 
conviction of prominent offenders. The speakers thought the 
nominee had every qualification for the office, and he would 
bring to the Chair the ripe experience gained in his past career 
and his great energy and enthusiasm which are a part of his na- 
ture, all insuring a successful administration of the affairs of the 
National Association. The members took the same view of the 
nominee’s merits, for no other name was placed before the meet- 
ing, and his unanimous election followed. 

For Vice-Presidents the following were placed in nomina- 
tion: Drs. J. G. Rutherford, of Canada; A. H. Baker, Illinois ; 
W. H. Dalrymple, Louisiana; Charles E. Cotton, Minnesota ; 
S. H. Ward, Minnesota; Richard P. Lyman, Connecticut ; 
George W. Dunphy, Michigan; E. H. Shepard, Ohio. Drs. 
Rutherford, Dalrymple, Shepard, Cotton, and Lyman were 
elected, taking precedence in the order given, according to the 
number of votes cast for each. 

Secretary Repp succeeded himself for the fourth term, the 
members striking a balance in his favor through the satisfactory 
manner in which he has performed the duties of his office since 
his election at Minneapolis. 

For Treasurer all eyes seemed to turn to the energetic mem- 
ber from Tennessee, and Dr. George R. White was unanimously 
elected to guard the finances of the Association for the coming 
year, replacing Dr. Lowe, who was elevated to the Presidential 
chair. 4 

So that the following gentlemen will fill the offices in the 
Association for the ensuing year: 

President—Wm. Herbert Lowe, of New Jersey. 

Vice-Presidents—J. G. Rutherford, of Canada. 

—W. H. Dalrymple, of Louisiana. 

—E. H. Shepard, of Ohio. 

—Charles E. Cotton, of Minnesota. 

—Richard P. Lyman, of Connecticut. 
Secretary—John J. Repp, of Pennsylvania. 
Treasurer—George R. White, of Tennessee. 


A NOMINATING COMMITTEE. 
Dr. C. J. Marshall proposed an amendment to the By-Laws 


626 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


creating a committeee on nominations to consist of all the ex- 
presidents in attendance upon the annual meetings, such com- 
mittee to place before the meeting not less than three names 
for the office of president, not less than ten from which to select 
the five vice-presidents, and not less than two each for secre- 
tary and treasurer. The names submitted are to be placed in 
alphabetical order so that one will not have a significance over 
another. Nominations may also be made from the floor. By 
this method it is hoped that there will be a better opportunity 
to select the best timber in the Association to fill the offices, thus 
doing away with any wire-pulling and electioneering. It is ar- 
gued by the promoters of the change that ex-presidents have no 
personal ambitions to gratify, and will present only such names 
as they deem most suited to serve the Association best. 

This same motion failed at the St. Louis meeting under a 
misapprehension of its purport. The REVIEW in its account of 
the meeting pointed out that the members had misinterpreted 
the spirit of the suggestion, which was at that time championed 
by Dr. Reynolds, and their present reversal of judgment sub- 
stantiates the REVIEW’s conclusions. 

PAPERS AND DISCUSSIONS. 

“Unusual Lesions of Tuberculosis Found in Abbatoir ib 
spection,”’ was the title of a very interesting paper by Dr. R. H. 
Harrison, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, St. Paul, Minn., 
and was discussed at length by Dr. S. Stewart and others. 

“The Immunization of Cattle Against Tuberculosis,” by 
Drs. Pearson and Gilliland, was read to the members and was 
received with the closest attention and concluded in a storm of 
applause. The discussion was more in the nature of a search 
for more light upon the subject, the essayist being plied with 
queries from Drs. Quitman, Noack, Reynolds, Kinsley and 
others, while Dr. Law made some extended remarks, expressing 
his fears as to the ultimate success of the immunizing efforts 
now being made, but warmly endorsing the conscientious work 
being done by the essayist. The paper is printed in full else- 
where in this numbet. 

Dr. Louis A. Klein, of Clemson College, S. C., was unable 
to present his announced paper on ‘‘ Epizodtic Abortion,” as 
the experiments upon which it was based were not finished, but 
instead he coutributed one on ‘‘A New Treatment for Gastro- 
Intestinal Catarrh or Scours in Milk-Fed Calves,” which was re- 
ferred to the Publication Committee. 

Dr. M. H. Reynolds’ paper on ‘‘Stable Ventilation’ was 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 627 


really the detailing of a number of experiments showing the ef- 
fects of carbonic acid gas upon the constitutions and milk secre- 
tion of cattle, and did not include, as might have been thought 
from -the title, new ideas in the ventilation of stables in general, 
and particularly with reference to the stuffy abodes of hard- 
worked horses in the large cities. It was discussed by Drs. 
Quitman, Tuttle and Higgins. 

‘“Spavin Group of Lameness”’ was the joint product of Drs. 
W. L. Williams, C. W. Fisher and D. H. Udall, but it was not 
hard to recognize the ear-marks of the surgical sage of Ithaca, 
who has taken the subject greatly to heart, and believes that all 
or nearly all spavins, or splints, or ringbones belong to one 
family and have underlying them the ossific diathesis, or a 
something, which needs but an excitant to bring forth the ocu- 
lar evidence of its existence. We hope soon to obtain this 
paper for publication, for there must be something in it when 
Dr. Williams is behind it. The paper was discussed by Drs. J. 
W. Adams, L. A. Merillat, and W. H. Hoskins. 

‘‘Neurectomies of the Pelvic Limb” was a practical review 
of the anatomy of the hind-leg with special reference to the 
nerves which are usually operated upon for lameness, and re- 
ceived very careful consideration at the hands of that excellent 
surgeon, Dr. R. C. Moore, of Kansas City. He further went 
into a rational discussion of the causes of degeneration in the 
tendons and soft tissues with the indications and contraindica- 
_tions for the interference. Drs. Harrison, Quitman, and Adams 
entered into the discussion. 

“Accidents and Sequelle of Surgical Operations,” by Dr. 
L. A. Merillat, of Chicago, followed Dr. Moore’s paper, these 
two forming the programme for the extra session on Wednes- 
day night. Dr. Merillat went at his subject with a rush and 
read rapidly for almost an hour, so exhaustive were the surgical 
procedures which had to be included under his title. Nota 
sound could be heard save the author’s voice, so intent were his 
auditors to catch every word, and when he had concluded there 
ensued a discussion which has probably never been equalled in 
this country. It was a night session, when visitors from abroad 
usually go sight-seeing, but to-night more than two hundred 
are glued to the chairs, and not a man leaves the room until it 
is all over. When the points brought out by the author have 
been submitted to the criticisms of the debaters, they take up 
methods of anzesthetizing and consider the subject from every 
viewpoint—the rapid and the slow method, the modes of death 


628 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


and their frequency, the complications and sequellz, and then 
some astounding statistics. Surgeons of national reputation 
were in debate upon surgical questions, and the time passed 
rapidly. Those taking part (many speaking three or four times) 
were Drs. Williams, Adams, Howe, Moore, Merillat, James Rob- 
ertson, Newton, Quitman, Beckitt, and Rutherford. 

Dr. E. L. Quitman was slated for ‘General Remarks on 
Veterinary Therapeutics,” but explained that he was so impressed 
with some changes in the new United States Pharmacopceia 
that he had thought he could serve the Association best by sub- 
stituting a paper on “A Review and Criticism of the New 
Pharmacopceia,”’ and it proved to be of the utmost value, so 
much so that we begged for a copy of the paper and it is 
crowded into this number of the REVIEW, many articles already 
in type being held for subsequent issues, that Dr. Quitman’s ar- 
ticle might be given to the profession at the earliest moment. 

“ Calculi’? was substituted for ‘“‘ Hydrothorax”’ by Dr. 
George B. Jones, of Sidell, Ill., and he narrated some peculiar 
instances of these formations and exhibited some fine specimens. 

Through the interest of Dr. Liautard, a valuable paper by 
Dr. E. Lavalard, of Paris, was read, by Dr. Bell, the title being 
‘“Glanders During Half a Century, from 1845 to 1905, in a 
Firm Employing a Large Number of Horses,” being the experi- 
ences of Dr. Lavalard in controlling the disease among the horses 
owned by the Omnibus Company of Paris, more than a hundred 
thousand. One of the most general and valuable discussions of 
the meeting was provoked by the reading of this paper, those 
taking part being Drs. Ward, Reynolds, Abele, Lyman, Knowles, 
Butler, Cotton, Bell, Beckitt, Dunphy, Berns, and Rutherford ; 
the last named gentleman going deeply into the methods now 
being carried out in the Dominion of Canada. The system of 
testing and re-testing which was practiced a few years ago, has 
been abandoned, and animals are now destroved on the mallein 
test and paid for by the Government. In the past eight or nine 
months more than $80,000 has been paid for animals thus de- 
troyed, and he believes the disease will be eradicated from the 
Dominion in a few years, repaying tenfold for the cost of its ex- 
termination. 

‘“‘ T'wenty-Seven Years’ Veterinary Experience,” was the title 
of a popular paper by Dr. J. V. Newton, of Toledo, Ohio, being 
a narrative of events in his professional life which pointed a 
moral. Some of his conclusions were in the nature of injunc- 
tions not to neglect a good practice to enter politics, never ac- 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 629 


cept money from dealers, and always read the REVIEW. We 
expect to publish this paper in the October number. 

The following papers were read by title, and will be published 
in ‘‘ Proceedings”: ‘A New Treatment for Scours in Calves”’, 
by Dr. Louis A. Klein, Clemson College, S. C.; “‘ The Status of 
Therapeutics’, by Dr. P. A. Fish, Ithaca, N. Y.; “Hydrothorax”’, 
by Dr. Geo. B. Jones, Sidell, Ill.; ‘Clinical Examination of the 
Blood of the Dog”’, by Drs. S. H. Burnett and Jacob Traum ; 
‘“‘’The Profession and the Advancement of Science”, by Dr. D. 
Arthur Hughes, East St. Louis, Ill.; ‘Trypanosoma Equiper- 
dum”, by Dr. John R: Mohler, Washington, D. C. 

The hour having drawn near for the final adjournment, as 
the afternoon was to be devoted to a sail upon Lake Erie, the 
installing of the newly-elected officers was begun, and each one, 
from the President to the Treasurer, made brief speeches of ac- 
ceptance, pledging their best efforts in behalf of the Association. 
President Lowe read a carefully prepared paper, outlining his 
policy and giving expression to his sense of great responsibility 
in the high office, and stating that all his best energies should 
be put to the test to make his administration count for the 


benefit of the Association. 


* 
* * 


THE SURGICAL AND MEDICAL CLINIC. 

The clinic was held at Troop A Riding Academy, corner of 
Curtiss and Willson Avenues, about twenty minutes’ ride from 
headquarters. The large ring of the Academy, covered with tan- 
bark, was well adapted for the purposes of the clinic, and had 
been supplied by the local committee with every requisite. In 
the centre a series of circular seats, in amphitheatre style, were 
placed, capable of seating two hundred persons, in the centre of 
which was placed an operating table, brought from quite a dis- 
tance, of the pattern used at the Chicago Veterinary College. In 
close proximity were tables on which were various dressing mate- 
rials and drugs to be employed in the operations. The committee 
had thoughtfully provided distilled ice-water for the thirsty 
veterinarians, which was very gratefully partaken of at frequent 
intervals. Over against the wall was arranged a pair of Barcus 
stocks for confining horses for operations. Stable accommoda- 
tions for the patients were provided in the stable department, 
and all in all the arrangements might be said to be ideal. The 
local committee of surgeons were attired in white uniforms 
ready to place the operator in possession of any assistance he 

“might require. 


630 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


Under such favorable conditions, with the most noted sur- 
geons in this country on the programme and on the ground, the 
audience had a right to expect the best demonstrations ever wit- 
nessed in the history of ‘the surgical clinic.” And it came very 
near to being a perfect one; in fact, so near that, we heard a 
prominent opponent of this section of the annual meeting’s pro- 
gramme acknowledge that he was mistaken ; that properly con- 
ducted he believed they were a valuable addition, educational 
and interesting. If one of the committee had been assigned to 
the work of “‘ managing” the events, choking off undue verbosity 
on the part of some of the surgeons, who wandered away from 
the case in hand and gave lectures on elementary surgery, en- 
tirely foreign to the case under consideration, consuming valua- 
ble time which belonged to others, a great mistake would have 
been avoided. The ‘‘ manager” should assign just so much time 
to each one to explain the technique of his operation and for no 
other purpose, and should bring out the next subject promptly. 
Lacking these arrangements, the programme dragged, many 
subjects remained in their stalls when the hour to close had ar- 
rived, and not nearly so much was learned as there would have 
been with a more business-like management. Still the Cleve- 
land clinic stood head and shoulders above any clinic ever held 
under the auspices of the A. V. M. A., and the local clinic com- 
mittee is entitled to much praise for all they did. This criti- 
cism is written in the kindliest spirit, and for the benefit of the 
next committee, rather than as a censure for what the Cleveland 
committee failed to do. Attendance, about two hundred and 
twenty-five. 

Case [.—Arytenectomy. Operator, Prof. M. H. McKillip, 
Chicago. Brown gelding, aged; thrown with side lines and 
placed on back with head extended. Operative field thorough- 
ly disinfected, larynx opened with triangular incision, cartilages 
sawed through, and left vocal cord exposed motionless ; cord 
resected, and wound left to granulate without suturing. Time 
occupied, six minutes. Operator explained his technique at 
length. 

Case 17.—Wameness. Surgeons, Drs. W. R. Howe and W. 
E. Wight. Chestnut driving gelding, 8 years old, lame off front 
for two years. Diagnosis, navicularthritis; injected for low 
plantar neurectomy with Stovaine 15 per cent.; horse stood 40 
minutes, and when trotted to halter lameless had not decreased. 
He was then injected with the same solution as for high plantar 
neurectomy, and in 20 minutes trotted sound. The diagnosis 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 631 


was amended, and the cause of the lameness assigned to low 
ringbone. Advice, high plantar neurectomy. 

Case ///.—\ameness. Surgeons, Drs. George H. Berns and 
BK. L. Quitman. Bay coach gelding, 10 years old, lame near 
front for 1% years. Diagnosis by Dr. Berns, periostitis of os 
pedis, or keraphylocele, or both. Dr. Quitman did not disagree, 
but observed a painful osteophyte just back of the knee and 
would withhold his diagnosis until a local anzesthetic could be 
used. ‘The attending coachman had noauthority to permit this, 
and the question was left open. 

Case /V.—Bone spavin. Operator, Dr. John W. Adams, of 
Philadelphia. Brown draught gelding, 9 years old, lame off hind. 
Has had enlargement for a year, but has only been lame two 
weeks. Spavin located well forward, and cunean tenctomy is 
not really indicated, though the surgeon explained that tenot- 
omy would be performed and the hock well fired. Side line 
was used on opposite leg, 3 drachms of a 4 per cent. solution of 
cocaine were injected at several points on the superior part of 
the internal aspect of the hock and the surface well massaged. 
For the tenotomy he made a very small antero-posterior slit in 
the skin on the lower border of the tendon as found by the 
groove (or the feel of the thumb if there is not much enlarge- 
ment). In some cases he also performs periostotomy, and 
dresses the wound with oakum for two or three days. This 
operation causes a swelling, which results in counter-irritation, 
lasting some time, and he prefers it to firing, as it leaves no 
mark. Absolute rest for six or eight weeks, then walking exer- 
cise. The electric cautery used by Dr. W. R. Howe, of Dayton, 
Ohio, was employed in firing this horse, and was well spoken of. 

Case V.—Stringhalt. Operator, Dr. L. A. Merillat, of Chi- 
cago. Roan light draught gelding, aged, badly stringhalted in 
both hind-legs. Secured in stocks and peroneal tenotomy done 
by resection of a small piece of the tendon. 

Case V7.—Lameness. Surgeons, Drs. Blattenburg and Ar- 
mour. Bay saddle gelding, 10 years old, very lame near front. 
Stovained for low plantar neurectomy, trotted sound. Neurec- 
tomized by Dr. Blattenburg. 

Case V/7/.—\ameness. Surgeons, Drs. James T. Glennon 
and Roscoe R. Bell. Chestnut gelding, 5 years old, lame near 
front. Diagnosis: Strain of the biceps muscle at the bicipital 
groove of the humerus. Advice, cross setons. 

Case V7//.—Fistulous Withers. Operator, Dr. E. C. Beck- 
ett, of Boston. Bay mare, tandem leader, 6 years old. Pro- 


632 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


cess began last fall, and after treatment the wounds healed, 
leaving some thickening, which has recently been enlarging. 
Tissues Stovained and incision made on left side. Considerable 
hyperplasia, but no pus formation found. Advice, removal of 
hypertrophied tissue and treat as for open wound. 

Case /X.—Navicularthritis and Tendonitis. Surgeons, Drs. 
George H. Berns and W. H. Hoskins. Brown gelding, 8 years 
old. Diagnosis, navicularthritis and tendonitis. Advice, me- 
dian and plantar neurectomy. Operations performed by Drs. L. 
A. Merillat and J. H. Blattenburg. 

Case X.—lL,umbago. Surgeon, Dr. Roscoe R. Bell. Dachs- 
hunde dog, 5 years old, unable to stand on hind legs and very 
shaky on near front, temperature 103, tender on pressure over 
loins. Diagnosis, acute rheumatism. Treatment, anti-rheu- 
matic liniment and salophen, gr. iiss, three times a day. 

Case X/.—Bayer Operation for Quittor. Operator, Dr. W. 
L. Williams, Ithaca, N. Y. Bay mare, aged, quittor inside off 
hind coronet of long standing. Excision of the lateral cartilage 
by the Bayer method (described in Williams’ translation of 
Pfeiffer’s ‘Surgical Operations”). Performed on operating ta- 
ble under chloroform anzesthesia, induced by Dr. L. A. Merillat. 
This was one of the best operations for demonstration before a 
large body of surgeons, as it was plainly visible to all, and when 
the laminze had been thrown back the field could be inspected, 
the technique explained, and every step of the operation clearly 
understood. 

Case X/I/.—Chloroform Anzesthesia. Anesthetist, Dr. L. 
A. Merillat, of Chicago. Bay mare (Case XI). Two ounces 
of chloroform, a sponge, and rubber sheet. Animal anzesthe- 
tized and ready for operation in four minutes. ; 

Case X/I7.—Demonstration Humane Power Float. Two 
gray geldings, aged. Float operated satisfactorily by several 
surgeons, requiring about five minutes to properly remove sharp 
points, when in hands of one familiar with the instrument. 

Case X/V.—Demonstration of Passing Phillips’ Stomach 
Tube. Operators, Drs. George R. White and J. M. Phillips. 
Black mare, aged, successfully passed by both surgeons. Mare 
had very narrow head and constricted nasal chamber, causing 
considerable hemorrhage from right nostril, none when passed 
through left nostril. 

Case XV.—Imaginary Choke. Operator, Dr. J. H. Blatten- 
burg, Lima, Ohio. Black mare (same as Case XIV). Probang 
was passed down cesophagus to middle of cervical region against 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 633 


an imaginary obstruction, skin incised and cesophagus drawn 
through incision and ligated, including end of probang. Force 
pump was then used to force fluids against the offending body, 
the ligature preventing the fluid from returning outside of the 
probang. In this way it is hoped to dilute the obstruction and 
drive it into the stomach by the pressure from the fluid. 

Case XlV7.—Oophorectomy. Operator, Dr. R. P. Lyman, 
Hartford, Conn. Pregnant cow. Operated both through flank 


and vagina, as a demonstration. 


* 
* 


THE BANQUET. 

On Thursday evening the annual banquet was held in the 
Assembly Room of the Hollenden, and a large number of the 
members and ladies of their families attended,probably one hun- 
dred and seventy-five. The meu was excellent, though modest 
and devoid of wines save claret punch. The room was taste- 
fully decorated, and a band dispensed some excellent music, 
which was enlivened by the interposition of several well-rend- 
ered songs by a local veterinarian. 

When the plates were removed Dr. M. E. Knowles, the toast- 
master, introduced : 

Dr. J. G. Rutherford, of Canada, and asked him to speak to 
the toast ‘‘ Veterinary Sanitary Control,” but the gifted orator 
from across the border refused to stick to his text and talked 
on every subject save the one assigned to him. But into what- 
ever field he wandered he carried his auditors with him, and 
his wit and wisdom won him generous applause. 

Dr. W. H. Dalrymple spoke to the toast of ‘‘ The Profession 
in the South,” and on account of the great interest in the pest- 
ilence now prevailing at his home in Louisiana, and from a med- 
ical point of view in the infecting mosquito, he gave a half-hour 
talk on the modes of disseminating the disease and of prevent- 
ing it, including the life history of the particular kind of mos- 
quito. His discourse was very instructive and every one felt 
greatly enlightened upon the subject and warmly applauded the 
Doctor. 

Dr. James L.. Robertson gave some ‘‘ Reminiscences of the 
Profession,” telling of the old days when the meetings were held 
twice yearly, one time in New York, and then at Boston, grad- 
ually expanding until in 1884 the Association met in Cincin- 
nati; but it was too much for the little Association, and it con- 
fined itself to the Atlantic Seaboard for the next six years, when 
Chicago secured the meeting, since which time it has gone to 


634 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


many distant points, to meet the requirements of its great growth. 
What a pity that the good Doctor does not undertake the com- 
piling of a history of the Association, or of veterinary medicine 
in this country. No one we know of is so capable of doing so, 
since he possesses both the data and the ability. 

“The Field of Medicine’’ was a scholarly discourse by Dr. 
J. C. Aldrich, a member of the medical profession of Cleveland. 
He had prepared his address carefully, and it was greatly ap- 
preciated by all. 

Then Mr. G. E. Schneider, President of the local Road 
Drivers’ Association and a journalist of repute, paid a glowing 
tribute to the horse, starting from the little boy with his hobby 
horse and carrying him through all the stages of the pony until 
he reaches the fleet roadster, breaking into poetry in his enthu- 
siasm and giving all his hearers a higher and nobler conception 
of the noble animal. 

‘““Our Guests’? was responded to by Dr. J. V. Newton, of 
Toledo, Ohio, explaining that it was his maiden effort, de- 
veloped a high degree of oratorical eloquence as he warmed up, 
and by the time he had finished his journey was trotting sound 
and steady. 

“Our Visitors” was assigned to Dr. Hoskins, and he gave 
great praise to the profession in the Buckeye State, showing 
that it was fully abreast of the times and in position to keep 
right in the front rank as veterinary medicine continues to ad- 
vance. 

“International Veterinary Medicine” was assigned to Dr. 
John W. Adams, but, like Dr. Rutherford, he could not be made 
to stick to his subject, talking on almost every theme save this 
one. But he was glorious in all, and paid a tribute to the sani- 
tary medicine of the ancients, showing that Noah had taker in- 
to his stuffy, ill-ventilated ark animals of every breed, and al- 
though provided with only one window, not a single case of 
disease developed, not even shipping fever. A point made by 
the speaker in considering the immensity of the veterinary field 
was that every veterinarian should know something about every- 
thing, and all about something, which shows that the idea of 
specialization is gradually being forced upon our branch of med- 
ical science. ‘The Doctor is a very charming after-dinner 
speaker, and his ready wit and fund of stories sandwiched nicely 
between his words of wisdom. 

President-elect Lowe was properly assigned as his sentiment 
“The American Veterinary Medical Association,” and he dealt 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 635 


with his subject in serious mood, telling of its early struggles 
and of the victories it has gained, at the same time outlining 
his policies for its improvement and his plans for exterding its 
influence. 

“* Veterinary Education ” was to have been responded to by 
Dr. James Law, but'in his absence Dr. A. H. Baker, of Chi- 
cago, was requested to fill his place, which he did in an accepta- 
blevmatiner. - . 

‘“‘ The Social Feature of the Veterinary Profession”? had Dr. 
T. Earl Budd as its champion, but in his absence Dr. ‘Thomas 
E. Smith, of New Jersey, beamed upon the diners and gave them 
an zmpromptu address of much mirth and full of pleasant 
thoughts. 

When Dr. HE. L. Quitman had spoken to the toast of the 
“* Ladies,” the company sang “ Auld Lang Syne,” and adjourned 
with pleasant memories of the Cleveland banquet. . 


* 
ok * 


NOTES OF THE A. V. M. A.- MEETING. 


Annual meetings come and go; the record is the same: bet- 
ter than ever; Cleveland was no exception to the rule. 

Two candidates for the next meeting-place have already ap- 
peared—Kansas City and Lexington, Ky. 

Ohio far outdid any State that ever held within its borders 
the meeting of the A. V. M. A. Almost a hundred of her sons 
were in attendance. 

The Association added the names of two distinguished vet- 
erinarians to its roll of honorary members—Drs. E. Leclainche 
and EH. Lavalard, of France. 

The practice of having the headquarters and the convention 
hall in close proximity has received another strong endorse- 
ment. Absentees from the sessions were the exception. 

The attendance at the clinic was the best ever. We twice 
counted two hundred and twenty-five persons deeply interested 
in all that was going on. 

The Hollenden was an ideal headquarters; the assembly 
room adequate. It seemed as though the hotel had been built 
for the A. V. M. A. convention, or the convention had been or- 
ganized to fit the hotel. 

There were seven ex-presidents of the A. V. M. A. in attend- 
ance upon the Cleveland meeting: Drs. J. L. Robertson, W. 
Horace Hoskins, Tait Butler, Leonard Pearson, J. F. Winches- 
ter, S. Stewart, and Roscoe R. Bell. 


636 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


One hundred and thirty members were registered as being 
present—not so many as at St. Louis, when there were 175,— 
but the great side attraction of the World’s Fair brought out 
many who otherwise would not have attended. 

New Jersey sent one of the largest delegations of the Eastern ~ 
States, nine being present: Wm. Herbert and J. Payne Lowe, 
T. Earle Budd, Werner Runge, James T.. Glennon, Thomas E. 
Smith, E. L. Loblein, L. E. Tuttle, and Geo. B. Vleit. 

Dr. Leonard Pearson was at Cleveland just long enough to 
read his splendid paper on the “‘ Immunization of Cattle Against 
Tuberculosis,” having to attend to some important matters prior 
to sailing for Furope on the roth, where he will be a delegate 
to the International Veterinary Congress at Budapest. 

Cleveland’s local committee worked as one man—Cooley, 
Shepard, Fair, Cunningham and Eddy deserve the greatest cred- 
it for the smoothest arrangements ever put into operation. This 
comes largely of having men at the head who have been 
regular attendants at previous meetings; they know the weak 
points, and they obviate blunders of the past. 

Six members of the class of ’84 of the American Veterinary 
College were present, and reminiscences were the order of the 
day. They were Drs. J. E. Ryder, of New York; M. E. 
Knowles, of Montana; E. L. Loblein, of New Jersey: J. W. 
Sheibler, of Tennessee; F. S. Allen, of Pennsylvania, and W. 
G. Hollingworth, of Utica, N. Y. 

President Knowles in his annual address wandered off into 
the realm of patriotic laudation of that honest though eccentric 
municipal prodigy, Mayor Tom L. Johnson, of Cleveland. The 
Mayor blushed under the fire of the speaker’s eloquent perora- 
tion, and at its conclusion merely said that he wished he de- 
served it. 

Dr. J. F. Winchester, who has attended meetings of the A. 
V. M. A. almost since the War of the Rebellion, and has occu- 
pied bachelor apartments at the various headquarter hotels, was 
beaming at Cleveland as he presented his bride to his old-time 
friends. He has lost the classic curl of his elegant mustache, 
but it is unlikely that the new conditions have anything to do 
with it. 

The entertainment at Cleveland was very fine. ’[rolley rides, 
tally-ho and carriages, a chartered steamer, receptions, shopping ~ 
excursions, card parties, etc., occupied all the time of the ladies 
and children, and all that could be spared by the delegates. 
The sail on the C7ty of Erie on Thursday afternoon was grand, 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 637 


and much good was accomplished through the organization of 
the Association of Faculties and Examining Boards. 

The Committee on Intelligence and Education recommend- 
ed that, as there seemed to be an undercurrent of desire for a 
niutual aid association, and it having been shown to be not 
feasible, it would be advantageous for the Association to 
have appointed a committee to confer with some of the acci- 
dent insurance companies with the object of securing better 
rates for members of the American Veterinary Medical Asso- 
ciation. 

It was suggested by an enthusiastic reader of this journal at 
Cleveland that there should be an addition to the By-laws of 
the A. V. M.A., that ‘any member who fails ‘to regularly read 
the REVIEW shall be found guilty of a breach of the Code of 
Ethics and shall be deemed an unworthy member,” etc. So 
many kind words were said for the REVIEW at Cleveland, both 
on and off the platform, that we returned to our work with re- 
newed energy. 

New York was rather light in its representation. ‘There 
were three from Manhattan (James L. Robertson, J. E. Ryder, 
and H. D. Gill), two from Brooklyn (George H. Berns and 
Roscoe R. Bell), three from Ithaca (James Law, W. L. Williams, 
and S. H. Burnett), C. R. Perkins, of Warsaw; W. L. Baker, 
and John P. O’Leary, of Buffalo; W. G. Hollingworth, of Utica; 
Dr. Weber, of Rochester; G. C. Kesler, of Holly; and several 
others. 

The local committee displayed much taste in the selection 
of badges for the officers, members and visitors, they being 
quite similar to the beautiful ones furnished at Ottawa, with 
the addition of a surmounting ornament for the pin, which per- 
mitted the badge to hang loosely. This was zo¢ an improve- 
ment, as it prevents the ladies who received them at Cleveland 
and those who fall heir to them on the return of father, hus- 
band, or brother, from wearing them as ornamental pins. 
Many of the ladies at the Cleveland meeting were adorned by 
the badges supplied at the Canadian Capital. 

A telegram was sent to Dr. D. E. Salmon, who could not be 
present on account of important Bureau work in Chicago, ex- 
pressing regret at the newspaper attacks upon him in connec- 
tion with the investigations of the Department of Agriculture, 
and at the same time assuring him of their utmost confidence 
in his ability to pass through the ordeal of the strictest investi- 
gation of his career unscathed. Any one who knows the gifted 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


D 


63 


chief of the Bureau knows that no wrong can possibly attach 
to him where honor and integrity are concerned. His col- 
leagues in the Association simply wished to let him know that 
his good name is safe in their keeping. 

Dr. George R. White, of Tennessee, made an announcement 
of importance to those in attendance upon the clinic, during an 
operation for the cure of stringhalt. He warned the surgeons 
against undertaking similar treatment on mules, saying that he 
had performed peroneal tenotomy on more than twenty of the 
hybrids without a single recovery or marked benefit, although 
90 per cent. of all horses operated upon by him made excellent 
recoveries. He did not attempt to account for the idiosyncrasy, 
but said he had ceased to recommend it in mules altogether. 
His experience with the various neurectomies in the mule was 
also discouraging, as degenerative processes were much more 
frequent and rapid than in the soliped. 

Parke, Davis & Co., of Detroit, tendered an invitation to 
the members to visit their extensive laboratories at the close of the 
meeting on Friday afternoon, and about forty availed themselves 
of the courtesy, staterooms being provided for them on the 
steamer which regularly plies between Cleveland and Detroit. 
Upon arrival at the latter city the guests were taken in automo- 
biles to their wonderful plant, where they were conducted 
. through the entire establishment, witnessing the modern 
methods of manufacturing the various pharmaceutical products. 
When the inspection was completed the veterinarians were 
given a delightful luncheon, and after some further courtesies 
were returned to the point of embarkation. 

Dr. James Robertson, in the course of a discussion upon tet- 
anus on Wednesday evening, narrated a case coming under his 
observation which demonstrated that the immunity conferred 
by tetanus antitoxin is of short duration. It has become the 
custom in some localities in Chicago to administer the serum 
immediately that a valuable horse receives a puncture of a foot 
by a nail, believing that the disease will be prevented from de- 
veloping in consequence of the injection. A valuable horse 
gathered a penetrant nail, received an injection of the prophy- 
lactic serum, and failed to develop tetanus. In two months he 
“picked up” another nail, but this time did not receive the in- 
jection. He developed tetanus in a mild type, from which he 
recovered. 

During the discussion on Dr. Merillat’s paper, Dr. E. L. 
Quitman, of Chicago, gave out his new treatment for tetanus, 


Se 8 Eee re 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 639 


though he explained that his experience with it was so limited 
that he did not by any means vouch for its infallibility; in 
fact, he was not sure that any merit attached to it, though he 
had used it in four cases, all of which recovered, and the 
relaxation of the masseters was so prompt and decisive after its 
administration that the treatment had all the appearances of a 
valuable curative agent. The treatment consists in the subcu- 
taneous injection of one ounce of diphtheria antitoxin daily, 
and in no case has recovery been delayed beyond three weeks, 
while the relief of the trismus follows in a few hours after the 
injection, the rigidity of the muscles of the posterior part of the 
body persisting much longer. 

Several well-known faces were missed from the meeting, all 
of whom are in Europe, either studying or in attendance upon 
the International Veterinary Congress. Among them are Dr. 
V. A. Moore, of the New York State Veterinary College; J. W. 
Connaway, of the University of Missouri; Wm. Henry Kelly, 
of Albany, N. Y., and Adolph Eichhorn, of the Bureau of Ani- 
mal Industry, Dr. Pearson remaining at Cleveland just long 
enough to read his paper and then hurrying to his steamer. 
The REVIEW had achatty letter from Dr. Moore, dated at Han- 
nover, Aug. 7, in which he said that he had been studying 
methods in veterinary education in England and Germany, and 
was on the eve of starting for France. He expected to go to 
Budapest, having received papers from Washington designating 
him as a delegate to the Congress. Dr. Moore said that Dr. 
Connaway was then at Hannover, but expected shortly to re- 
turn to America. The latter has been studying in Europe for 
a year. The REVIEW will endeavor to secure an article 
from him on his “impressions of matters veterinary on the 
Continent. | 

Mr. Alex. Eger, the Chicago publisher of veterinary books, 
presented the REVIEW with a well-preserved copy of the Con- 
stitution and By-laws of the United States Veterinary Medical 
Association, printed by Robert Craighead, New York, 1863, 
which is of course the first one published. It contains a list of 
the members—39 in all, with the officers for the year 1863. 
Seven States were represented, as follows: New York (Long 
Island 3) 14, New Jersey 9, Massachusetts 7, Pennsylvania 5, 
Ohio 1, Maine 1, Delaware 1, and one from England (John 
Arnold). So faras we know, there are only two of these charter 
members now living—Alexander Liautard (now an honorary 
member) and Alfred Large, at present practicing human medi- 


640 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


cine at Great Barrington, Mass. The officers for that year were: 
President—Josiah H. Stickney, Boston. Vice-Presidents—R. H. 
Curtis, New York; Wm. Saunders, Massachusetts; Elias F. 
Ripley, Maine; R. McClure, Pennsylvania; W. A. Wisdom, 
Delaware; G. W. Bowler, Ohio; R. Jennings, New Jersey. 
Recording Secretary—Alexander Liautard, New York. Treas- 
urer—A. S. Copeman, Utica, N. Y. Corresponding Secretaries 
—W. T. McCoun, New York; Rt. Wood, Lowell, Mass. ; J. 
(should be I.) Michener, Pennsylvania; J. C. Walton, New 
Jersey. Censors—A. Large, New York; C. M. Wood, Boston ; 
E. H. Palmer, Pennsylvania; E. F. Thayer, Massachusetts ; 
Jacob Dilts, New Jersey ; J. C. Essenwein, Philadelphia. Mr. 
Eger acquired this copy through the purchase of the library of 
the late Dr. J. H. Stickney, of Boston. 


OHIO STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 


This Association convened for its twenty-second annual ses- 
sion in the new Laboratory Building, Veterinary Department, 
of the Ohio State University, Tuesday, January 17, aud was 
called to order by President Dr. David S. White at 2.30 P. M., 
when the Rev. W. O. Thompson, President of the Ohio State 
University, in a few well-chosen remarks, gave us a hearty and. 
cordial welcome. Dr. Walter Shaw briefly responded, then the 
work of the Association was taken up. 

The President’s annual address was a record breaker—that 
is, for brevity. 

Next followed the reading of the minutes of the previous 
meeting, which with slight correction were duly approved. 

Roll-call showed the following present: W. A. Axby, Har- 
rison; J. L. Axby, Harrison; S. EH. Bretz, Nevada; H.-W. 
Brown, Columbus; O. V. Brumley, Columbus; J. H. Blatten- 
burg, Lima; A. H. Collins, New London; G. W. Cliffe, Upper 
Sandusky ; L. P. Cook, Cincinnati; L. W. Carl, Columbus; W. 
E. Clemons, Granville; E. H. Callender, Zanesville; W. R. 
Clark, Wauseon; J. W. Choates, Columbus; Norton Dock, Co- 
lumbus ; H. E. Dilatush, So. Lebanon; J. D. Fair, Berlin; H. 
Fulstow, Norwalk; J. E. Foster, Coshocton; C. B. Frederick, 
Canton; Geo. L. Frese, Toledo; J. L. Faragher, Lorain; Paul 
Fischer, Columbus; W. H. Gribble, Washington, C. H.; A. D. 
Gemmil, Celina; Frank Griffin, Columbus; W. R. Howe, Day- 
ton; T. B. Hillock, Columbus; W. C. Holden, Delphos; N. 
W. Hillock, Columbus; E. R. Hinckley, Sandusky; E. O. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 641 


Hess, Elyria; R. C. Hill, West Alexandria; C. E. Inskeep, Ur- 
bana; T. E. Jones, Newark; Geo. W. Kinsey, Mt. Pleasant ; 
W. A. Labron, Xenia; C. E. Leist, Columbus; S. D. Myers, 
Wilmington; H. M. Manley, Dayton; L. H. Maynard, Colum- 
.bus; J. A. Meagher, Glendale; Fred. Miller, Ft. Recovery ; E. 
L. Metzger, Clyde; H. W. McMullen, Brookville; J. V. New- 
ton, Toledo; M. C. McClain, Jeromesville; E. L. Price, Circle- 
ville; J. McI. Phillips, Columbus; I. A. Ruby, Plymouth ; 
Walter Shaw, Dayton; E. H. Shepard, Cleveland; F. F. Sheets, 
Van Wert; Sept. Sisson, Columbus; L. A. Severcool, Elyria; 
Z. W. Siebert, Crestline ; EK. R. Stockwell, Mechanicsburg; L. 
Smalley, Londenville; W. J. Torrence, Cleveland; W.H. Tur- 
ner, Norwalk; D. H. Udall, Columbus; D. S. White, Colum- 
bus; I. A. Wynn, Kenton; W. B. Washburn, Tiffin; W. E. 
Wight, Pittsburg, Pa. 

This number, together with the veterinary students of the 
University, made an assembly any State association could be 
proud of. 

Quite a large amount of correspondence was read; but that 
relating to the American Veterinary Medical Association meet- 
ing in Ohio during the present summer, was the only matter 
of real importance. After the reading of letters relating to this 
meeting and discussion vo and com, it was duly moved, sec- 
onded and carried, that at this session we do not follow the reg- 
ular order of business. As soon as this motion was disposed of 
it was moved, seconded and declared carried unanimously, that: 
we invite the American Veterinary Medical Association to meet 
in Ohio for its next annual session. It was then duly carried, 
that we invite them to meet in the city of Cleveland. After 
this last motion had carried, Dr. Newton (who had been delayed) 
arrived ; and stating his regrets at being late, especially as he 
had literature and figures relating to Put-in-Bay as an ideal con- 
vention meeting place, away from city noise, and on a cool lake, 
etc., easy of access for Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland and San- 
dusky, from which cities clinical material could be brought by 
boat, hotel rates very reasonable and all the people would be 
quartered in one hotel. Clinics would be held in a seated amphi- 
theatre in the open air, or under canvass. Entertainment for the 
ladies would be plentiful and of a most enjoyable character. Cleve-. 
land was now withdrawn, but as Dr. Shepard stated that veteri- 
narians of Cleveland had already started to solicit funds for the 
entertainment of the Association and Cleveland having been 
once selected, members hardly knew what to do, and finally 


642 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


compromised by naming both places and allowing the American 
Association committee toselect. A committee was appointed to 
solicit funds and a subscription paper at once started. Motion was 
made, seconded and carried that this Association, independent 
of members’ subscriptions, donate two hundred dollars to the 
committee on entertainment, for use, in case the American Vet- 
erinary Medical Association selects Ohio as its annual meeting 
place for 1905. 

The Special Committee on Legislation rendered its report 
verbally through Dr. Blattenburg, its theme being failure to 
accomplish anything, except expense account and a good sized 
attorney bill, with the knowledge of causes that led to failure, 
which in itself he thought would be valuable on another trial. 

The Committee on Veterinary Progress, composed of Drs. 
Sisson, Sheets and Shaw, next rendered their report. The 
Chairman, Prof. Sisson, reporting on veterinary literature that 
had appeared during the year, and Dr. Sheets reporting on 
therapeutics and preventive medicine. 


DR. SISSON’S REPORT ON VETERINARY LITERATURE. 


“The following is a partial list of the principal veterinary 
works in English, German and French which have appeared 
during the past year: 

“(1) Anatomy of the Horse (J. McFadyean).—This is a 
second edition of Prof. McFadyean’s well-known dissection 
guide. There has been practically no change in the subject 
matter, but a few illustrations, chiefly from Ellenberger and 
Baum’s text-book, have been added, 

“(2) Comparative Anatomy of the Domesticated Animals 
(Chauveau).—A new edition (the 5th, French) of this well- 
known work, with the collaboration of Arloing and Lesbre. 
Just issued and copy has not yet arrived; hence I cannot offer 
a review at this time. 

“(2) Textbook of General Pathology for Veterinarians 
and Students (Prof. Dr. Th. Kitt)—The only thoroughly 
scientific and up-to-date work of the kind in existence, furnish- 
ing a synoptical statement of modern conceptions of disease 
processes. Contents: Introduction defining the scope and 
method of the subject; a brief historical review ; congenital 
and inherited diseases; course and termination of diseases ; 
circulatory disturbances; metabolic disorders; regressive and 
necrotic processes; reparative and neoplastic changes; func- 
tional disorders. It is much to be regretted that we have no 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 643 


work of this kind in English, since it cannot be denied that a 
fair knowledge of general pathology is prerequisite to an under- 
standing of clinical medicine and surgery. Without it the 
clinician is simply groping in the dark much of the time. 

“(5) Handbook of Meat Inspection (Dr. R. Ostertag ; 
translation by Dr. E. V. Wilcox).—This is the first English 
translation of the recent fourth German edition of Ostertag’s 
work, the mosi extensive and authoritative on the subject in 
any language. While written primarily for inspectors, it must 
be remembered that meat inspection consists for the most part 
of applications of pathological anatomy, and as such a work of 
this kind necessarily contains very much of general interest. 
_ Thus 150 pages are devoted to invasion by animal parasites and 
somewhat more space to infection by plant parasites. The gen- 
etal practitioner is often called upon to supply expert informa- 
tion in sanitary matters and is sometimes thereby placed in a 
rather embarrassing position, as these inquiries often involve 
matters not touched upon in the lectures of the curriculum a 
decade ago. Doubtless many of you have found yourselves in 
a somewhat unpleasant predicament in such cases and could 
find no authoritative information to relieve the situation. This 
gap in our bibliography is now filled. 

(6) Outlines of Meat Inspection (R. Ostertag. 7th Ed.). 
—An excellent compendium, showing the master hand of the 
great hygienist in the concise treatment and clear arrangement 
of material carefully selected. One might indeed desire some- 
what further treatment of some differential anatomical features. 
If well translated, edited with judgment, and amplified in some 
directions, it would filfa serious gap in our list of text-books. It 
is very well illustrated. 

“(7) Text-book of Special Pathology and Therapeutics of 
the Domestic Animals (Friedberger and Frohner, 6th Ed., 2 
Vols.).—This work is already too well known to require any ex- 
tended statement. It has been for years the standard authority 
on the theory and practice of veterinary medicine in Europe and 
will soon be available to those who can read English only. It 
was a serious misfortune that its introduction to American read- 
ers was through a wretched translation of the somewhat anti- 
quated French edition. Fortunately we have now Captain 
Hayes’ excellent authorized translation of that part which treats 
of the ‘Infectious Diseases’ and are promised the remainder 
shortly. 

(8) .Zhe Diseases of the Ox (2d Ed. 637 pp. Prof. Dr. 


644 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


Dieckerhoff, one of the greatest veterinary clinicians of recent 
days. )—Contents: General diagnosis with special attention to 
anatomical and physiological peculiarities. Classification of 
diseases : (a) Infections and intoxications ; (b) parasitic diseases ; 
(c) general nutritive diseases ; (d) organic diseases. 

‘“(g) Zhe Common Colics of the Horse (H. Caulton Reeks, 
F. R. C. V. S.).—Itis a source of great satisfaction when a busy 
practitioner who also is a careful observer, finds time to record 
cases and publish the results of his observations. In doing this 
Mr. Reeks has made a valuable addition to our clinical litera- 
ture, and his work should find a place in the library of every 
progressive veterinarian. Without wishing at all to detract from 
the merits of the work, a few minor criticisms may be permis- 
sible. It does not seem likely that general agreement would 
be found in this country with his view that cesophageal intuba- 
tion in gastric tympany is hardly likely to come into general 
use. Nor would most practitioners here indorse the use in such 
cases of eserine in large doses. Some of the anatomical state- 
ments do not agree with the reviewer’s observations, and the 
figure of the stomach on page 12 cannot be considered satisfac- 
tory. The statement that ‘it may be takenas a rule that inany 
case where the pelvis contains other bowels than the last portion 
of the rectum the practitioner has a case of a dangerous nature 
to deal with,’ is surely to say the least a misleading one; since 
it would be rare to find the rectum or bladder sufficiently dis- 
tended to exclude both pelvic flexure andsmall colon. But the 
work deserves careful reading and justice cannot be done it in 
a brief review. 

“(t0) Text-book of Materia Medica for Veterinarians and 
Students, 6th Ed. (Prof. Dr. EK. Frohner).—Probably no one 
knows better than Prof. Frohner how to write a text-book for 
students. In this new edition we have further proof of his skill 
in the fact that he has been able to reduce the work by nearly 
I0O pp. without material loss in its contents. At the same 
time he has carefully sifted the numerous new remedies and has 
included only those of real value—a very genuine service to the 
busy practitioner. 

“(11) Duagnosts of the External Diseases of the Domestic 
Animals, 4th Ed. (Prof. Dr. H. Moller).—Now ten years since 
the third edition was published. Contents: Description of 
handling of animals in diagnosis; diagnostic methods—inspec- 
tion, palpation, auscultation, smell. Clinical aspects of inflam- 
mation—wounds, ulcers, fever. Then follows a brief xésumé of 


- + ~~ —— 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 645 


the symptoms of the diseases of various regions, special atten- 
tion being paid to those of the limbs, which produce lameness. 
This latter section is the most interesting part of the book and 
is of great value to the young practitioner in a field which offers 
so many difficulties in diagnosis. 

“(12) Handbook of Veterinary Surgery and Obstetrics. 
Edited by Bayer and Fréhner. In this international series have 
appeared: 1. Diseases of the foot (exclusive of pododermatitis, 
diseases of the cartilages, and canker). A. Lungwitz. Contents : 
Anatamo-physiological considerations ; hoof mechanism ; forms 
and causes of ring formation ; object and effect of shoeing ; the 
results of open and closed shoes, especially the latter; relation 
of weight of shoe to movement ; deformities. Uses of protective 
applications—solutions of continuity. 2. Diseases of the foot 
of the horse (except those of the hoof). Prof. Dr. Eberlein. 
This treats particularly of pododermatitis, including calk injur- 
ies, nail wounds, burning, frost-bite, balling, stone bruises, ab- 
scess, fistula, prolapse, neoplasms, etc. It would seem that the 
author has laid himself open to the criticism of unnecessary 
repetition of pathological changes and symptoms, yet it must be 
admitted that his treatment of the various topics is very thor- 
ough and on the whole clear and accurate. 

(13) Operative Course for Veterinarians and Students 
(Dr. W. Pfeiffer.) Third Edition.—This new and enlarged edi- 
tion of Pfeiffer’s useful little work will be welcomed by prac- 
titioners as well as students, since it is an excellent epitome of 
the more common surgical operations. It is especially instruct- 
ive in regard to neurectomies and cryptorchid castration and is 
well illustrated. It is known chiefly by Dr. Williams’ transla- 
tion in this country. 

“(14) Surgical Operative Technique for Veterinarians and 
Students (Dr. O. Roder).—A useful compendium of operative 
surgery, written in concise style, giving briefly the necessary 
anatomical facts and instructions for performing the usual opera- 
tions. Contains many practical hiuts gained from the author’s 
long experience. 

“Tt would be an unpardonable omission to neglect to men- 
tion the excellent publications of the Bureau of Animal Indus- 
try, which are a distinct credit to the Bureau and the profes- 
sion. 

“Tt is gratifying to record that such progress has been made 
in a literary way that our book-shelves may now contain most 
of the information desired in English. It may, however, not 


644A SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


be out of place to indicate some gaps still unfilled. The 
most evident are: 1, A text-book of general pathology; 2,a 
work on obstetrics—of the animals other than the cow; 3,a 
text-book of anatomy—descriptive and surgical, amply illus- 
trated. (Remark, Ellenberger and Baum’s atlas promised.) 
4, a text-book of general surgery; 5, a text-book of diseases of 
the foot; 6, a text-book of meat inspection—for the use of stu- 
dents—e. g., like Ostertag’s abridged.” 


DR. F. F. SHEETS’ REPORT ON THERAPEUTICS AND PREVEN- 
TIVE MEDICINE. 


“ Pursuant with the request of the Chairman of your Com- 
mittee on Veterinary Progress, Dr. Sisson, that I take that por- 
tion of the report embraced under therapeutics and preventive 
medicine, I submit what I realize should be prepared with more 
thought and research than I have been able to devote to this 
very important part of the Association work. 

‘To the profession, progress occurs as a most significant 
term, not because it is symbolic of achievements accomplished, 
nor because we are in a field yielding abundantly for the 
labor of trained aud researchful minds, but there is a most ap- 
parent need of acceleration in rate of general progression, in 
bacteriology, in therapeutics, in fact in all branches of profes- 
sional ethics and requirements. 

‘“« When the realization of this fact becomes general among 
the profession, this clamor for military, civil and social recogni- 
tion will cease, as do all movements for which no need exists. 

“As it no doubt occurs to the average practitioner, serum- 
therapy, while it has a field, no doubt, beyond present compre- 
hension, appears to justify our attention rather as a prophy- 
lactic agent than because of what we can accomplish in the pres- 
ence of established disease. 

‘As a diagnostic agent, popular recognition is accorded in 
those dormant and stealthy diseases whose attack could other- 
wise be revealed with difficulty or not at all. Prof. Nocard has 
expressed his belief in the potency of repeated malleinations as 
an agent towards resolution in combatting glanders. His first 
demonstration occurred in 1897. Later he experimented with 
four cases, allowing three to live four years and another three, 
in each case repeating the treatment during those periods from 
four to twelve times. When animals were killed no virulency 
of lesions could be demonstrated either by microscope, by cul- 
ture method in special media, or by inoculation by approved 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 647 


methods of the peritoneum of guinea-pigs, thus proving to No- 
card’s satisfaction the possibility of recovery. Dr. Olof Schwarz- 
kopf, veterinarian of the U. S. Army in the Philippines, reports 
on sixty-seven cases, I believe, which reacted in the initial diag- 
nostic injection in 1901 and 1902. These animals were subject- 
ed to the so-called ‘‘ Nocard Treatment.” Thirteen with symp- 
toms subsequently fully developed of either glanderous or farcy 
character were later destroyed from that total originally infect- 
ed. Fifty-four were returned to their respective troops in ap- 
parent health and all remaining so with a single exception, 
which succumbed later to the disease. Dr. Schwarzkopf, who 
would seem to be a competent man, says in speaking of men who 
are careful and thoughtful inthis kind of work, ‘surely for such 
men a glanderous outbreak has little of its former terrors left.’ 
So much for glanders, and yet withal not sufficient for any sin- 
gle purpose except to stimulate additional resource. 

‘‘ From the Continent comes a theory of tubercular immu- 
nization of cattle by injection of dry culture of human tubercu- 
losis diluted in a physiological solution of sodium chloride into 
jugular vein, the treatment to be an attenuated one. Sucha 
possibility would seem to necessitate the successful contradic- 
tion of Koch’s theory as to the possibility of the communica- 
tion of the infection between man and animal. However, that 
idea would have never gained consideration from men of science 
had it not originated from so eminent a man. ‘Thus far the 
‘Bang System’ seems to have met with popular acceptance for 
the practical eradication of the disease. 

“ Again, we seem to be face to face with tetanus and caught 
again with our armament rusty and so nearly useless that we real- 
ize the importance of research, which we hope may develop 
something that can prove at least some of the potencies of 
what has been claimed for the myriads of therapeutic agents 
which have been’administered heretofore. Nor would we deny 
the prophylactic character for what we already have, but in prac- 
tical use some of us are speculating as to whether the requisite 
amount of care is exercised in the preparation of tetanic anti- 
toxin or why it occurs that we find its action so inconsistent. 

“ A recent London veterinary periodical chronicles the re- 
turn of Dr. Koch from labors in South Africa, by which he claims 
to have produced a serum, which combined with virulent lymph 
acts as a really effective vaccine to be used in combatting that 
disease we vaguely recall as South African horse disease. 

“ Among those things which have attracted attention is the 


648 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


continued success of the oxygen treatment in parturient pare- 
sis; some form of this treatment has come into general use. 
Some appropriating what might be called a normal solution of 
oxygen obtained through a colored bottle and injected into 
mammary gland by means of a bulb syringe. Many find this 
simpler process of inflation for obvious reasons quite as satisfac- 
tory. It has been suggested that there is an analogy existing 
in the pathological condition of this toxic condition and that 
claimed to occur in azoturia, thus giving rise to the hope that 
additional progression may be accomplished in the profession 
with that disease. 

‘“‘ As for the subject of dietetics, as it might be treated by this 
committee ina general way, the experiments with the use of 
molasses and blood-ineal or in some cases a combination of the 
two are at least productive of very favorable reports, but the 
pteparation of much of this character of food stuff has drifted 
into proprietory provinces. Indeed, there is an English firm 
who exhibited ‘before and after’ photographs showing the re- 
construction taking place in a debilitated London cart horse. 
A sort of sanitarium is conducted in London for this purpose. 

‘“‘’The promotion of the sale of a tube of some special design 
has recently revised at least a proprietory interest in cesopha- 
geal intubation. The promoters originally claimed initiatory 
honors in the use of this means of gastric irrigation. However, 
one of our associates has clearly proven priority in the use of 
the tube for such purposes and we are hoping Dr. Gribble will 
demonstrate its introduction at our clinic.” 


REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON DISEASES. 


The Committee on Veterinary Diseases, composed of Drs. 


Fischer, Myers and Ruby, rendered their report through their © 


Chairman, Dr. Fischer. This report was largely in the form of 
charts, which were illustrated and explained by means of a 
stereopticon, and has been published as a State document. 


THE REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON CLINICS AND ARRANGE- 
MENTS 


was rendered verbally by Dr. Brumley, who stated that plenty 
of clinical material was on hand and that a banquet had been 
arranged for, and requested all who intended to partake of this 
latter to subscribe their names; only one or two of those pres- 
ent failed to do this. 


oe 


a 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 649 


REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 


The Secretary next read his report of work done during the 
year, as follows: 


“ Wr President and Fellow-members : 


“The year just passed has been a very busy one, in so far as 
the duties of Secretary of this Association is concerned; in fact, 
many times more than any previous year since we have had the 
honor of holding this office. When we tell you that the Secre- 
tary has sent 1,480 letters since our last meeting, you will have 
some idea of what this work was; we admit some was assumed 
without actual authority of the Association, but which we 
thought would be to its benefit. 

“The expenses for the year have been on somewhat the 
same ratio, for where usually these have been from $35 to $40 
per year, the past year they were over $250, but all readily ac- 
counted for. 

“At your last session you ordered a donation of $15 to the 
Nocard Memorial Fund. ‘The same was forwarded and the re- 
ceipt isin our hands. You also ordered the Constitution and 
By-laws re-codified and 500 copies printed and each member to 
be mailed a copy. ‘That this was done, you all know, and have 
most likely carefully examined your copy. For the printing of 
these By-laws we solicited bids; and they were printed ata 
price which, with the cost of all correspondence and distribution 
added, was less than four cents a copy. While they have some 
minor faults, one thing you will all appreciate, and which to 
bring about caused us plenty of correspondence, is the fact that 
all subjects of like nature come under the same head, that no 
page must be turned to finish any article and that no section is 
split and put parts on different pages. When writing and plac- 
ing the matter for each separate page we fully expected the 
Constitution to have been printed in larger type than the By- 
laws; this explains why those pages do not seem full. You 
also appointed a committee and ordered attempted legislation ; 
and by special resolution added your Secretary to this commit- 
tee and made him secretary of it. Through some oversight this 
fact seems to have been forgotten, and your Secretary did not 
know where, or when, the committee met, until notified of its 
expense account; so as Secretary of the Committee on Legisla- 
tion we have no report to offer; simply call your attention to 
our part of the work. (1st) Every veterinarian we had the ad- 
dress of (graduate or non-graduate), was mailed a copy of the 


650 SOCIETY MEETINGS, 


proposed law, and he was requested to assist in its passage. Im- 
mediately we were swamped with letters, protests against the 
law, the principal being the date of its going into effect. The 
Chairman of your committee was notified and at a later meeting 
they changed this date and then notified us of the change. This 
again necessitated our writing to tell of the change, to be fol- 
lowed by another batch of explanations. This correspondence, 
with such a great number of Ohio veterinarians, with such di- 
versified opinions of what the law should be, revealed to us that 
we had been a little premature and probably foolish in attempt- 
ing any change in legislation without taking considerable time 
in advance, to educate, as it were, those interested in its pass- 
age: while as matters stood, all the work had to be done in less 
than two months. Men, who had they understood the proposed 
law, would have been favorable to it, were the hardest fighters 
against it, while dozens of others, yes, members of the Associa- 
tion, were extremely lukewarm. We must first formulate a - 
law, take time to explain its requirements and expectations ; 
and when so understood, it will not be necessary to coax, or 
cajole, those interested to work for its passage. Let us hope 
that the $150 added to our expense account, was not spent in 
vain; even though our proposed law died in committee. While 
the work on this law was going on, we took the liberty of writ- 
ing to veterinarians, not members of this Association, soliciting 
funds to meet expenses. One reason for doing this, was to as- 
certain how much interest veterinary surgeons of Ohio (outside 
the Association) had in the matter, and this can usually be 
measured financially. Of 116 letters written we received a 
goodly number of replies, mostly containing advzce but in only 
four was there any of the required ammunition, and that in all 
amounted to $10. Gentlemen, I ask you, does that look like 
passing a law; does it look as if they wished one? As soon as 
this proposed law was defeated, and looking into the future, 
we decided that if all eligible veterinarians of Ohio would com- 
ply with the present law and obtain a State certificate, we 
would have that many more favorable fighters in the field next 
time ; so we wrote to all eligible, whose names we could find, 
soliciting them to appear before the State Board of Veterinary 
Examiners and present their credentials or be examined. We 
may be allowed some pardonable pride in the result, as it was a 
success. Some ill-feeling was shown at this meeting, because 
the examiners would not accept diplomas granted since a cer- 
tain date; and some veterinarians having such diplomas refused 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 651 


to comply with an examination. Without argument as to the 
Board’s action, we submit to you a list of the questions asked 
at this particular examination, and ask you is it possible azy 
graduate could be fearful of the result: State Board Exami- 
nation, April 12, 1904. 1. Describe the stomach of the ox. 
2. Give the dose, horse and cow, and use of the following drugs: 
Opium, morphine, aloes, strychnine (subcutaneously), carbolic 
acid (crystals). 3. Give the chemical formule for hydrochloric 
acid, water, saltpetre, silver nitrate,and common salt. 4. Differen- 
tiate between (a) a vesicle, (b) pustule, (c) abscess, (d) heematoma, 
(e) tumor. 5. Give the cause, symptoms, and treatment of hema- 
globinuria in the horse. 6. What is the object of respiration ? 
7. Give the symptoms of rabies in the horse, ox, and dog. 8. 
Describe the stages of croupous (fibrinous, lobar) pneumonia in 
the horse. 9. Give the relationship between the cattle tick 
(Boéphilus bovis) and the disease Texas fever. 10. Give in de- 
tail the operation to reduce a ventral hernia in a colt. 

‘““The American Veterinary Medical Association has not as 
yet decided upon a meeting place for August, 1905; and we 
have reason to believe that Ohio would be an acceptable State 
in which to meet. Let us invite them to some of our cities, 
and not be afraid because of expensive entertainments previ- 
ously seen. If our invitation be accepted, let us give them the 
pleasure of a scientific, professional meeting ; and don’t let us 
invite them to cross the continent for a theatre party or a boat 
ride, so that when they leave us they will say, ‘we hada devil 
of a good time;’ but rather, ‘ we have learned many things at 
this session that will be of benefit to us in our chosen profes- 
sion.’ é, 

“We would call your attention to another matter ; prob- 
ably some one wil! say, ‘it’s none of your business.’ In the 
annual catalogue of a firm who proudly boast that they are ‘the 
oldest veterinary surgical instrument house in the West,’ and 
who cater for your patronage by stating that ‘our stock is by 
far the largest and best assorted in,the country,’ you can find 
considerable else tointerest you. You open the front cover and 
there staring you in the face is ‘take off your hat to a most re- 
markable medicine, its year of jubilee has come; it soaks down 
through the muscles and cures the hurts of anything that 
walks.’ You open the back cover and there ‘save your cows,’ 
it goes to the root of the trouble and cures abortion, barrenness, 
scours, removes retained after-birth and caked udder, etc. You 
notice a bright yellow display page and, lo, your fortune’s made ; 


652 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


you can buy a remedy ‘that isa quick and sure cure for all 
cuts, abrasions and old sores, will heal a cut quicker than any- 
thing else, hazs the skin out and leaves no scar; while it will 
arrest the development of spavins, ring bones, curbs and thor- 
oughpins,’ and the same firm (wonders never cease) will sell you 
‘the only remedy that cures colic and leaves no inflammation ; 
and is guaranteed to cure.’ Turn the page and read ‘ ye choic- 
est product of ye olden time, good for man’ and beast, and see 
also an ‘infallible cure for all ordinary horse afflictions; abso- 
lutely removes curbs, splints, spavins, wind puffs; $1.00 per 
package ;’ see the salve ‘ that cures scratches, galls, sores, bruises, 
cuts, and has been in use by veterinary surgeons for twenty-five 
years ;’ pass on to the great Eastern remedy that ‘ kills a spavin, 
curb or splint, and relieves stiff joints and sore tendons immedi- 
ately,’ then comes that remarkable oil that ‘has been in use for 
half a century and never failed to give relief.’ We have dog 
remedies and hog remedies, balsams and stock foods without 
number, etc.; but to cap the climax is a letter over the firm’s 
own siguature, and used as part of one of these advertisements 
admitting they solicited the advertisement for insertion in that 
catalogue. Gentlemen, ought we not to protest, and if no no- 
tice be taken then adopt other means: these catalogues do not 
go to the general public, and it is unnecessary to flaunt the red 
flag in our faces. 

‘“T hope I have not tired you with my somewhat rambling 
report, and that our session may be an enjoyable one, so as to 
repay those who have striven to make it so.” 


‘6 DOST-MORTEM DIAGNOSIS OF RABIES.’’ 


It was proposed before the election of officers that we listen 
to an illustrated lecture by Dr. J. McI. Phillips, subject : ‘‘ Post- 
Mortem Diagnosis of Rabies.” This lecture was especially in- 
teresting and instructive, more so from the fact that Columbus 
has been lately having quite an epidemic of the disease among 
dogs. Not only was the post-mortem changes of the brain il- 
lustrated by lantern slides, but the cadaver itself was on hand. 
Dr. Phillips is an enthusiast on this subject, and, while many 
questions were asked, he did not tire in his efforts at answering 
them. We regret that his remarks were not in writing so that 
they could be published. 


ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 


Next followed the nomination and election of officers ; but 
as there was but one nominee for each respective office, this was 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 653 


soon disposed of ; and the Chair declared the following to be 
the officers for 1905: 

President—W. E. Clemons, Granville. 

Vice-President—Sept. Sisson, Columbus. 

Treasurer—T. B. Hillock, Columbus. 

Secretary— Wm. H. Gribble, Washington C. H. 

Censor—O. V. Brumley, Columbus. 

The Board of Censors is composed of Drs. O. V. Brumley, 
EH. H. Shepard, J. D. Fair, with the President and Secretary. 

A communication was read from Dr. Burneson asking to 
withdraw his membership, as he now resided in Illinois. Upon 
motion the same was granted with the request that his member- 
ship would be acceptable at any time should he again see fit to 
reside in Ohio. . 

Moved that we now adjourn to meet at the Great Southern 
Hotel at 8 P.M. Banquet. Carried. Met at the hotelin good 
time with only one or two absent. Over sixty sat down to the 
tables, and a most enjoyable inexpensive session was had; for 
session we call it, because after indulging in the several courses 
of good things edible, we listened to an entertaining talk by Dr. 
J. V. Newton, “‘ Twenty-seven Years’ Experience as a Veteri- 
narian.” Then Dr. W. J. Torrence, who never fails to interest 
and instruct, exhibited several novel and original ideas, accom- 
panying each with full description of its uses, etc. Among 
them was a “catheter cover ’—simply a piece of rubber hose of 
the required length and size, into which the catheter is slipped. 
A “common 5-cent tack puller,” to be used as a wolf tooth ele- 
vator. Just ‘“‘ice tongs” to attach to any place when you wish 
to swing a horse and cannot find a place to attach the pulley. 
A “hand drill” as a sinus searcher, instead of using a trephine 
(this surely was practical). Demonstrated the use of “raw hide 
thongs” as a tourniquet where it was almost impossible to make 
anything else stay fast. The doctor has his common cards 
(small) with their reverse printed same as a statement, so that 
he could hand a patron his card and at same time statement of 
account as a reminder. 

This was followed by a paper from Dr. C. B. Frederick.* 
This led to the oft discussed topic of the symptoms of so-called 
colics with their numberless causes and cures; but what a pity 
with cures galore that so many such patients go to make fertil- 
izer; at least mine do. Dr. J. H. Blattenburg read a paper en- 


* Will be published in a later number of the REVIEW. 


654 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


titled ‘‘ The Original Habitat of the Horse,” after which we ad- 
journed to meet at 8 A. M. with not a dissenting voice but that 
our banquet session had beena practical professional success. 


WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 18. 


Met again at the Ohio State University. Meeting called 
to order by President D. S. White at 9.00 a. M. 

Chair called for applications for membership and the same 
were prepared for the Board of Censors, and a recess taken to al- 
low for the collection of dues and for the examination of the 
credentials of the applicants. 

Meeting being called to order, the Secretary reported that 
twelve applications had been received and examined by the 
Board of Censors, ten of which they recommended to member- 
ship, being as follows: Geo. W. Kinsey, C. V. C., ’91, Mt. Pleas- 
ant: L,. Smalley, C. V..C., ’89, Loudonville; W.-C: Holdens Ne 
Y..C.,’80;, Delphos; FE. 1... Price, O5-V...C., 93,5 Circleville 
R. Stockwell, O. V. C., ’98, Mechanicsburg ; W.. H. Turner, 
Q. V. C.;90; North. Amherst; Norton Dock, O.S. U;-o23Cal- 
umbus; E. L. Metzger, O. S. U:, 701, Louisville; 1. Maynard; 
O S. U., ’04, Columbus ; M. C. McClain, O. V. C., ’86, Jeromes- 
ville. Z 
Moved and duly seconded that if there be no objec- 
tions to any of the veterinarians whose names have been read, 
the rules be suspended and the Secretary cast the ballot of 
the Association for their election. Carried. Those of the 
newly elected members who were present each in turn made his 
little maiden association speech. 


READING OF PAPERS. 


Dr. J. D: Fair read a: paper, “ Practical Obstetrics hms 
was an able effort and one backed by inuch experience, as Dr. 
Fair’s home is the centre of a good breeding district. This 
paper was not discussed as much as us country doctors would 
have liked. 

“Dr. I. A. Ruby followed with a paper on “‘ Azoturia,”* and 
if Dr. Ruby is not original, no one is, not in the sense that he 
is original in diagnosis and treatment but in the originality of 
his methods of description of cases, making a dry, threadbare 
subject one of intense interest and some amusement. Of course 
his subject could have been debated until now; and we rather 
guess it is, if two or more gather together. 


* Published elsewhere in this number of the REVIEW. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 655 


Dr. W. A. Axby gave us a very scientific and scholarly es- 
say entitled ‘Open Articulations,” * followed by a record of 
cases bearing directly on his subject. This was a paper appre- 
ciated by all; it showed the writer’s knowledge of his subject, 
as well as his pride of preparation when giving to others a good, 
practical everyday treatment for a difficulty dreaded by most 
veterinarians. This paper was well debated, though several 
present objected to the use of peroxide of hydrogen, as it car- 
ried germs to all parts of a joint. 

Dr. W. E. Clemons gave a little address, subject ‘“ Sterile 

Air for Milk Fever,” and exhibited the instrument he uses, one 
of his own make. It is similar in construction to others, only 
much larger, so allows the use of so much more sterilized cot- 
ton. 
Dr. H. Fulstow exhibited the photograph of a horse with 
large sub-maxillary tumor, and also the tumor itself. It was 
eight or nine inches in diameter and weighed over ten pounds, 
evidently an hematoma. Successfully removed and horse at 
work. 

Dr. W. R. Howe made what he calls a written suggestion on 
“Purpura Heemorrhagica,”* but I assure you the debate was 
longer than the suggestion. 

This was followed by a paper of especial interest to the vet- 
erinarian located in a breeding district, especially so in these 
days of so-called contagious abortion, where this condition is so 
prevalent, viz, “Retained Placenta,” * by Dr. S. D.- Myers. 
This paper was well debated ; opinions varying greatly, as to 
the proper time of removal, as well as the amount of imechani- 
cal force that could Safely be used. 


TREASURER’S REPORT. 


The Treasurer reported receipts of $138.00, with expenses 
of $253.34, leaving a balance ou hand of $360.70. 

It being now long after noon, we adjourned for half an hour 
for lunch, to meet at the veterinary hospital for clinics. 

Reconvened as per adjournment. 


CLINICS. 


Prof. D. H. Udall operated for poll-evil. Dr. W. R. Howe 
used an electro-cautery. Dr. Fulstow performed ovariotomy on 
amare. Dr. W. H. Gribble demonstrated naso-gastric intuba- 
tion. Dr. W. J. Torrence demonstrated the practical use of a 


* Published elsewhere in this number of the REVIEW. 


656 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


small drill in searching for pus in the sinuses, passing the-drill 
in six or seven times before locating pus, and it penetrated as 
easily as a pin into a piece of cloth. 

Different neurectomy operations as well as some minor sur- 
gery were performed and we became so interested that several 
missed the trains they had intended to use. 

The question of a semi-annual meeting was discussed, but in 
view of the American Association meeting in Ohio this matter 
was dropped. 

The newly elected officers were now seated and President 
Dr. W. E. Clemons appointed the following committees : 

Committee on Veterinary Diseases, Paul Fischer, W. A. Ax- 
by, J. H. Blattenburg. 

Committee on Veterinary Progress, ¥. F. Sheets,.F. E. An- 
derson, J. V. Newton. 

Committee on Arrangements, O. V. Brumley, H. W. Brown, 
COE Leist, Low. Cartland Le jiones: 

After votes of thanks to those most instrumental in making 
this session such a success, we adjourned. 

Wo. H. GRIBBLE, Secretary. 


CONNECTICUT VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSO- 
CIATION. 


The semi-annual meeting was held at Bridgeport, Tuesday, 
August Ist, 1905. 

The clinic was held at Dr. R. D. Martin’s hospital, at eleven 
o’clock. 

The first case was an old setter dog, with a large tumefied 
swelling inferior and close to anus. Upon opening and explor- 
ing the enlargement a sarcomatosis development of the prostate 
gland was discovered. ‘The case was found to be inoperable, 
and the animal was destroyed. 

The second case was a large gray horse with a bad case of 
stringhalt. Operated on by Prof. Williams, assisted by Dr. 
Bushnell. The seat of operation was washed, shaved, and dis- 
infected, then anzesthetization was produced with a solution of 
Stovaine, after which the tendon of the peroneus muscle was 
severed near its union with the tendon of the extensor pedis 
muscle. 

The third case was for median neurectomy. ‘The horse was 
placed on the operating table, seat of operation washed, shaved, 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 657 


disinfected, and anzesthetization produced with solution Sto- 
vaine; Prof. Williams, assisted by Dr. Loveland, operated ; here 
Prof. Williams demonstrated his method of inserting a form of 
“stitch,” for securing a bandage or dressing, in difficult places. 

There were several more cases to be operated on, but owing 
to the short time left for the business meeting, after the ban- 
quet, and the members getting anxious for refreshments, it was 
decided to adjourn to “‘ Steeplechase Island,” where the members 
and their friends, numbering forty-one, enjoyed an excellent 
dinner. 

After dinner the tables were removed, and the business 
meeting was called to order by the President, Dr. J. H. Gard- 
ner, at 3.45 P. M. 

The following members responded to roll-call: Drs. C. L. 
Adams, Thomas Bland, H. E. Bates, F. F. Bushnell, H. C. Bal- 
zer, G. IT. Crowley, B. K. Dow, J. L. Devereau, G. ‘IT’. Ellioft, 
J. H. Gardner, F. A. Ingram, L. B. Judson, J. H. Kelley, P. T. 
Keeley, R. P. Lyman, J. F. Laden, G. W. Loveland, R. D. Mar- 
tin, G. F. McGuire, G. H. Parkinson, E. C. Ross, J. S. Scho- 
field, H. L. Tower, J. E. Underhill, H. Whitney, C. R. Witte, A. 
C. Knapp, W. J. Southey. Dr. Wm. Herbert Lowe, Secretary 
Veterinary Medical Association of New Jersey; Dr. R. W. 
Ellis, business manager of the REVIEW, New York City ; Dr. 
Dimock, and veterinary student Mr. Schofield, also three or 
four others, whose names the Secretary was unable to obtain. 

Minutes of the previous meeting were read, corrected and ap- 
re The Secretary had no report to make. ‘The Treasur- 
er’s report was read and accepted. The Board of Censors re- 
ported favorably on the applications of Drs. W. J. Southey and 
A. C. Knapp, and they were elected to membership. The ap- 
plication for membership of Geo. R. Smith was presented, 
vouched for by Drs. Ross and Whitney. The application was 
referred to the Board of Censors, for investigation. 

Under the head of new business, upon the motion of Dr. 
Loveland, it was voted to instruct the Secretary to incorporate 
the names of the members in the programme of the semi-annual 
meetings in the future. 

Dr. Lyman, Chairman of the Committee on Legislation, re- 
ported the work which the committee had done in securing the 
Registration Law. The committee was tendered a rising vote 
of thanks for their labors. It was voted to discharge the com- 
mittee and lay the report on the table. 

Dr. Ingram called the members’ attention to a list of veteri- 


(o6) 


65 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 

ca sie Shane vd ie ie 
natians whose names were registered in the office of the Massa- 
chusetts Cattle Bureau, and whose certificates of the tuberculin 
test would be accepted by that board. Dr. Ingram stated he 
had applied to the Massachusetts Cattle Bureau asking them to 
place his name on the list of veterinarians of this State and ac- 
cept his certificates of tuberculin test, but his request had been 
refused. He read a letter from Dr. Peters, Chief of the Bureau, 
giving a list of the veterinarians in Connecticut whose papers 
would be accepted. Considerable discussion followed Dr. In- 
gram’s remarks. Several of the members thought the Bureau 
was discriminating against some of the members of the Associa- 
tion, others thought the Bureau did not intend to discriminate 
against any members of the Association, but was not posted as 
to all members who were qualified to make the test. Prof. Wil- 
liams was asked to give his opinion on the matter. In his reply 
Prof. Williams said he felt sure the Massachusetts Bureau did 
not mean to discriminate against any veterinarian, or any mem- 
bers of the Connecticut Association, whom the Bureau were 
satisfied were thoroughly competent and reliable. He said the 
Chief of the Bureau must protect the interests of the Bureau, 
and had no better way of doing so than in being careful in des- 
ignating who and who not could test cattle to be shipped into 
that State. He further said he believed that if any veterina- 
rian in Connecticut who wished to have his name on the list 
kept by the Massachusetts Bureau would get some official in the 
State whom he knew to vouch for him, Dr. Peters would gladly 
accept his test and certificates. The matter was finally dis- 
posed of by adopting the following: Resvlved, That the Sec- 
retary send Dr. Peters a list of members of the Association, and 
we, the Association, believe these members competent to perform 
the tuberculin test. And ask him to give this list his consid- 
eration. 

The President inquired of the Chairman if the Board of Cen- 
sors had completed the report on the F. G. Atwood case. Dr. 
Bland, Chairman of the Board, said the Board had given Dr. At- 
wood’s petition careful consideration, and read the finding of the 
Board thereon. With the report the following resolution was rec- 
ommended: “ Resolved, By this Association, that the petition of 
Frank G. Atwood praying for a reconsideration of the vote by 
which he was expelled from this Association, be and the same 
is hereby denied.” The signatures of the full Board were at- 
tached. It was voted unanimously to adopt the report and reso- 
lution of the Board of Censors, and the Secretary was directed 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 659 


to send a copy of same to Dr. Atwood and one to his attorney. 

It was voted to place the following names on the list of hon- 
orary membership in the Association: Dr. N. S. Mayo, Cuba ; 
Dr. William Herbert Lowe, Paterson, N. J.; Prof. W. L. Wil- 
liams, Ithaca, N. Y.; Prof. A. Liautard, Paris, France; Dr. R. 
W. Ellis, New York, N. Y., and Heman O. Averill, Commis- 
sioner on Domestic Animals, Washington Depot, Conn. 

Voted that this Association adopt resolutions thanking 
Judge Walter H. Clark for his services in securing the passage 
of the Veterinary Bill. 

Voted that the President appoint a committee of three, to 
draft suitable resolutions on the death of Dr. N. Tibbals,’a for- 
mer member, and report at the next meeting. President Gard- 
ner appointed Drs. Whitney, Ross, and Bland. 

A vote of thanks was tendered Drs. Lowe, Ellis, Williams 
and Martin for their assistance in making the meeting a suc- 
cess. 

At six o’clock it was voted to adjourn to Dr. Martin’s Hos- 
pital, where Dr. Ellis, at the special request of Dr. Mertin, 
demonstrated his Twentieth Century Dental Float. 

B. K. Dow, Secretary. 


NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL 
SOCIETY. 


The fourteenth annual meeting of this Society will take 
place at Ithaca, September 12, 13, and 14, and the following 
splendid programme has been furnished by Dr. S. H. Burnett, 
who is acting for Secretary Wm. Henry Kelly, now in Europe: 

FIRST DAY—TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER I2TH. 
9.00-10.45 A.M. Clinic in the operating room. 

II.00 A.M. Business session in the amphitheatre. 

2.00 P.M. Clinic in the operating room. 

7.30P.M. Literary programme in the amphitheatre. 

SECOND DAY—WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER I3TH. 


9.00 A.M. Literary programme continued. 

2.00 P.M. Literary programme continued. 

7.30-10.00 P.M. Informal reception at the Veterinary Col- 
lege. Inspection of laboratories and exhibition of specimens. 


THIRD DAY—THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER I4TH. 


9.00 A.M. Clinic in the operating room. 
2.00 P. M. Visit to the University Campus and buildings. 


660 SOCIETY MEETINGS. 


PAPERS AND DISCUSSIONS. 


‘“Glanders and Mallein,” H. D. Gill, New York City. 

“Experiments with Mallein,” E. B. Ackerman, Brooklyn. 

‘Dr. von Behring’s Bovovaccine as an Immunizing Virus,” 
Claude D. Morris, Binghamton. 

‘““The Negri Bodies and the Diagnosis of Rabies,’’ Cassius 
Way, Ithaca. 

‘““Kmpyema of the Facial Sinuses of the Horse,” W. L. Wil- 
liams, Ithaca. 

‘The Action of Chloroform on the Respiratory Tract of the 
Horse,” P. J. Axtell and N. D. Backus. 

‘“A Simple Operation in Minor Surgery,” W. B. Switzer. 

‘““A Case of Dystokia in a Cow—Monstrosity,” Frank J. 
Baker. 

“A Horse with Fractured Skull with Paralysis of Muscles 
of Deglutition,” R. C. Reed. 

“Glycogen in the Muscle of the Horse,” S. H. Gage, Ithaca. 

‘“‘ Arecoline Hydrobromate,” Howard J. Milks. 

‘“‘ A Case of Myxedema in a Dog,” R. C. Reed. 

‘““FHxamination of Horses for Soundness,” J. E. Ryder, New 
York City. 

““ Hydrothorax—Case Report,” Roscoe R. Bell, Brooklyn. 

‘“‘ Urethral Calculus—Case Report,” P. A. Fish, Ithaca. 

‘Clinical Examination of the Blood of the Cow,” M. C. 
Thompson and W. W. Dimock. / 

‘““The Dental Formula of the Horse,” G. S. Hopkins, Ithaca. 

“Clinical Examination of the Blood in Veterinary Prac- 
tice,” S. H. Burnett, Ithaca. 

“A Study of the Burs of the Posterior Limb of the Horse,” 
k. W. Gannett. 

Subject not yet announced, James Law, Ithaca. 


CLINICS. 

Clinics will be held on the morning and afternoon of the 
first and the forenoon of the third days. The exact char- 
acter of the cases cannot be announced at this date; but sur- 
gical operations under anesthesia will constitute a prominent 
feature. The reputation of the Society for excellence of clinic 
will be maintained. There will be plenty of interesting cases for 
operation and an abundance of competent operators. 

HEADQUARTERS. 


Sheldon Court, at Heustis Street entrance to the Campus. 
The Cayuga Heights vza Campus Street cars pass this building. 


SOCIETY MEETINGS. 661 


Meals may be obtained near Sheldon Court. A number of stu- 
dent lodging houses will receive members of the Society for 
lodging. Meals may be obtained nearby. 

The REVIEW is requested by Dr. W. L. Williams, who is in 
charge of the clinic, to invite and urge all veterinarians not 
too distant from Ithaca to contribute interesting cases to the 
clinic. If they will communicate with Dr. Williams he will aid 
in transportation aud other essentials. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


NO MAL DU COIT IN MONTANA—A CORRECTION. 
HELENA MONTANA, Aug. 24, 1905 
Editors American Veterinary Review: 

DEAR Sirs :—On page 457 of the August REvIEw, there 
appears a statement said to be from a telegram dated Lethbridge, 
N. W. T., stating that mal du coit was imported into Canada 
by a stallion brought from Montana. Will you do me the 
kindness to correct this statement? I am in a position to 
authoritatively say that we have never had mal du coit in Mon- 
tana; therefore, it would have been impossible for the Canadian 
North West to have gotten the disease from our State. 

Very truly yours, M. EX. KNOWLES, 

State Veterinarian. 


DR. RAMACCIOTTI SHOWS HIS APPRECIATION OF FRATERNAL 
COURTESIES IN HIS RECENT AFFLICTION. 
OMAHA, NEB., Aug. 29, 1905. 
Editors American Veterinary Review ; 

DEAR Si1rS:—Permit me through the columns of the REVIEW 
to express my heartfelt thanks to the members of the Missouri 
Valley Veterinary Association who so graciously remembered 
me during the meeting held in Omaha in June, by calling to 
inquire concerning my health and offer words of cheer, and who 
so generously gave me a beautiful gold headed cane. The daily 
use of this valuable present serves to constantly remind me of 
the fraternal goodfellowship which prevails among the mem- 
bers of the Association ; it continually deepens my appreciation 
of their thoughtfulness and increases my obligation to them one 
and all. Respectfully yours, H. L. RAMACCIOTTI. 


662 NEWS AND ITEMS. 


NEWS AND ITEMS. 


TREATMENT OF THE OsTRICH.—Dr. J. A. Edmons, veteri- 
narian to the South Pasadena Ostrich Farm, lately treated an 
ostrich for hydrothorax by performing paracentisis thoracis and 
drawing off several pints of fluid. The bird made a nice recov- 
ery. When it becomes necessary to give an ostrich a cathartic, 
the doctor administers two ounces of. aloes and a drachm of 
calomel. He has tried eserine without perceptibie effect, not- 
withstanding he has given as high as five grains in a few hours’ 
time.—(Western Veterinarian.) 

Dr. W. A. CONNOLY, of 1125 South San Pedro Street, Los 
Angeles, Cal., has recently completed and occupied a new and 
complete infirmary. It is two stories high and has a frontage 
of 50 feet ; it contains 11 box stalls and 6 singles, besides a colic 
stall 18 feet square; a fine operating room fitted with the latest 
pattern of table and lighted by both side and sky lights; a fine 
large office and pharmacy, a commodious bedroom for the night 
man, besides bathroom, toilet, and large harness room. It is’ 
floored throughout with cement except in the box stalls, the 
floor of the single stalls being covered with removable plank 
sections which enable flushing of the cement beneath, insuring 
a sanitary place in every particular. 

Dr. SALMON BLAMELESS.—The following special dispatch 
from the regular Washington bureau of the New York Heradd, 
published in its issue of Aug. 31, will be no surprise to the pro- 
fession: ‘Dr. D. E. Salmon, chief of the Bureau of Animal In- 
dustry of the Department of Agriculture, has been exonerated 
by Secretary Wilson in connection with charges that he was in 
pattnership with George E. Howard, a Washington printer, 
who furnishes by contract the government labels used in the in- 
spection of meat. The man who investigated the charges re- 
ported that Mr. Howard paid notes to Dr. Salmon from profits 
which Mr. Howard received from the label company, which 
was organized on the strength of contracts obtained from the 
Bureau of Animal Industry. It is also announced that the 
charge that in his administration of the meat inspection service 
Dr. Salmon favored the packing houses of the Beef Trust as 
against those of independent packers has been officially investi- 
gated. The inquiry has been in charge of G. P. McCabe. so- 
licitor of the Department of Agriculture, who has been nearly a 
month at work on the report, which caused Secretary Wilson to 
make public this official comment to-day :—‘ Inquiry discloses 


NEWS AND ITEMS. 663 


the fact that Dr. Salmon had an unfortunate connection with 
the firm of George E. Howard & Co. While this connection 
was not an ideal relation for a government officer to have with 
a firm doing business with the department, I am convinced that 
Dr. Salmon never intended to profit by work done by Mr. How- 
ard for the Department of Agriculture, and that he has never 
been connected with the Howard Label Company or received 
any benefit from the contract of that company with the depart- 
ment. The action of the department regarding the meat inspec- 
tion service was as fair, considerate and comprehensive as the 
appearance would warrant.” The case does not seem to call for 
further disciplinary action.’ Solicitor McCabe’s report details 
a partnership formed in 1895 between Mr. Howard and Dr. Sal- 
mon, under the name of George E. Howard & Co., to publish a 
poultry paper and to engage ina job printing business. Dr. 
Salmon put in $800 and Mr. Howard contributed the paper. 
Mr. McCabe says the partnership expired in December, 1900, 
but was not formally dissolved until July, r901. Mr. Howard 
gave Dr. Salmon two promisory notes, one of $11,545.46 for his 
interest in the business, and another for $11,934. 83 in payment 
of advances made by Dr. Salmon. On the first note payments 
were made extending over nearly three years until, on August 
10, 1903, Mr. Howard paid to Dr. Salmon $17,787.64 for the 
final payment on both notes. Mr. McCabe reports that Mr. 
Howard, in June, 1902, obtained the contract for meat inspec- 
tion labels of the Bureau of Animal Industry and supplied many 
millions of them at $1 a thousand, which price was subsequent- 
ly reduced to eighty cents, and then to sixty-five cents. ‘ An ex- 
haustive examination of the check books, deposit slips, the 
books of the directors and stockholders and a large proportion 
of the original stock certificates,’ the report says, ‘fails to show 
tat Dr: Salmon now holds, or ever has held, any stock, either 
directly or indirectly, in the Howard Label Company, or that 
he has benefited financially from the organization or business 
of the company, except as stated. Upon the books of the firm 
of George E. Howard & Co., under date of October 14, 1901, 
there appears an item of $230 cash paid by Mr. Howard to Dr. 
Salmon. Neither Mr. Howard nor Dr. Salmon is able to recall 
the circumstances of this transaction.’ ”’ 

FILLING AN ELEPHANT’S TooTH.—Lena, biggest elephant 
of the Hippodrome herd, had a tooth filled yesterday afternoon, 
and she liked the operation no better than a human being does. 
She roared and bellowed until those watching thought the 


664 NEWS AND ITEMS. 


building would fall down, and at intervals she sent a small army 
of men with hooks and ropes sprawling all over the stage of 
the place; but eventually a liberal dose of chloroform had its 
effect, and she lay comparatively quiescent until $43 worth 
of gold had been pounded into defective molar. Lena is nine- 
teen years old, eight feet tall, and weighs a trifle more than two 
and three-quarter tons. It required one pound of chloroform and 
two ounces of chloral to anaesthetize her. W.W. Powers, owner 
of Lena, noticed three weeks ago that there was something 
wrong with her. Ordinarily mild mannered, she became sud- 
denly violent, and often put the lives of her attendants in 
jeopardy. Peter Barlow, an authority on elephants, found that 
Lena was suffering from an ulcerated tooth. She refused to 
take food and showed that she was enduring much pain. Dr. 
Martin G. Potter, of No. 138 East Twenty-fifth street, who 
knows all about the ailments of animals, was called into con- 
ference, and he found that Lena had an ugly and painful abscess 
of a tooth, due chiefly to a cavity about an inch deep. He re- 
commended an operation, and Powers reluctantly consented. 
It was performed on the stage of the Hippodrome yesterday 
afternoon, in the presence of perhaps fifty persons, including 
physicians, animal trainers and newspaper men. Lena knew 
something painful was going to happen. She paced the stage 
like a human being with the toothache, tossing her trunk and 
letting out bellows that could be heard a block away. When 
Dr. Potter and his assistants went for her she fought vigorously. 
After a time, however, Powers and Robert Tyler, her keeper, 
contrived to make her lie down, and half a dozen workmen with 
stout ropes and pulleys fastened her to the floor. Then Dr. 
Potter, assisted by Dr. S. S. Field and Dr. W. E. Young, all of 
whom are skilled veterinarians, framed a funnel of pastebeard, 
covered with absorbent cotton, and through this administered 
the chloroform. [ena fought desperately. Although seemingly 
tied down securely she wriggled out of the ropes with ease and 
rose to her feet, carrying the physicians up with her on her back. 
Another half hour was needed to get her prostrate again, and 
then the doctors pumped the anaesthetic into her as fast as 
they could—so fast, indeed, that several of them were nearly 
overcome themselves. Dr. Potter then, with huge instruments, 
pounded the gold into the tooth, finishing the job in a very few 
minutes. Jena was a little wobbly on her feet after the oper- 
ation, but seemed to be much more at ease.—(New York Herald, 
Aug. 22.) 


VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION MEETINGS. 665 


VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION MEETINGS. 


In the accompanying table will be found the dates, places of meet- 
ing, and Secretaries’ names and addresses of all the Veterinary Medical 
Associations of the United States and Canada. Secretaries are re- 
quested to see that their organizations are properly included in the list. 


Name of Organization. meri | Mee | Name and Address Secretary. 
American VM. Ass'n. .:..5 3% ATIBUSEBEOOUS La meeiis .eiee Js Jes Repp; ehilas Pa: 
Weta WiedteAss myof Ne Jj... .. Jan, 11, 1906. | Trenton. |W. H. Lowe, Paterson. 
ROOM EER PASS IN cr ahe os | lois oc’eicc sa st'c|ecccuieescee B. K. Dow, Willimantic. 
New York S. V. M. Soc’y... | Sept. 12-13-14. Ithaca, |W. H. Kelly, Albany, N.Y. 
SchuylkalliaVeallley Wie Meo Av s o5)| sins cic a ce a c]e wea we a eene wW. G, Huyett, Wernersville. 
Passaic CoV..M. Ass’n...... Vacation, Paterson, N.J.|H. K. Berry, Paterson, N. J. 
GSES Vi 10S JASE 90 Eee | | Dallas. |A. E. Flowers Dallas. 
Massachusetts Vet. Ass’n..... Monthly Boston. |F. J. Babbitt, Lynn, Mass. 
Wlerne Wei, Wile) wal cui, Si alee een ae See ieee rear C. L. Blakely, Augusta, 
Centrala@anadagVvecAss 0 5 cl Sek ce ico ccrece Ottawa. |A, E. James, Ottawa. 


Michigan State V. M. Ass’n...|2d Tu-WedFeb, Lansing Judson Black, Richmond, 
Alumni Ass’n N. Y.-A. V.C..; April, 1906. |141 W. 54thSt;W. C. Miller, IN Yo City- 


Illinois State V M. Ass’n..... Feb, 15,1906.) Decatur, |W. H. Welch, Lexington, II] 
Wisconsin Soc. Vet. Grad..... Call ot Pres't, | Sheboygan. |S. Beattie, Madison. 
Illinois V. M. and Surg. A....} Call of Com, | Champaign. |J. M. Reed, Mattoon. 
Vet. Ass’n of Manitoba....... West syoyaichese; s¥erevays |otovotsrs cee leratecaval| 'F. Torrance, Winnipeg. 
PiiserameaeclinaeN NOVAS MN: oo) 5.5 cere os cue aloes a eeee ee 'T. B.° Carroll, Wilmington. 
Jr! Gijds\ SS) Ee | ROTI | Gaal be Sweetapple, Toronto, 
V. M. Ass’n New York Co....} Ist Wed. Oct. |141 W. sath St|D. J. Mangan, N. Y. City. 
Ohio State V. M. Ass’n....... January, I906.| Columbus, |W. H. Gribble, Wash’nC.H. 
Western Penn. V. M. Ass’n...|1st Wed.ea mo.| Pittsburgh. |F, Weitzell, Allegheny, 
NMISSOnHIENEL ER TedepAssant: - fll Go. cence. eslleecececscces |F, F. Brown, Kansas City. 
Genesee Valley V. M. Ass’n...|...........-. leAAl eee J. H. Taylor, Henrietta,N.Y. 
Iowa State V. M. Ass’n,...... January, 1906. | Ames. H, C. Simpson, Denison, Ia. 
Minnesotan OtarenVen Nee ASSi.. | Sio.c cc sere uss co a] es ere eee we we J. G, Annand, Minneapolis. 
Pennsylvania State V. M.A...) Sept., I9. Ww ilkes-Barre.|C, J. Marshall, Phila. 
Keystone V. M. Ass’n........ 2d Tues, Sept. | Philadelphia. |C, J. Marshall, 2004 Pine 
St., Phila 


Colorado State V. M. Ass’n, ../IstMon.inJune| Denver. |M. J. Woodliffe, Denver. 
leas BS ESS Bee Sanaa jaeoeioncicnn B. F, Kaupp, Kansas City. 
E. 


3d Thursday 
, 3 
ee le ne - June and Dec. | Providence. Robinson, Westerly, R.I 
J. Davidson, Grand Forks 
E 


I, Browning, San Jose. 


il 

North Dakota V. M. Ass’n....| January, 1906. Fargo. E. 

California State V. M. Ass’n...|Mch.Je.Sep, De|San Francisco}P. 
Southern Auxiliary of Califor- 

nia State V. M. Ass’n... a oes Jy, Oct.! Los Angeles, |H. 

South Dakota V. M. A 


D. Fenimore, Los Angeles 
ee 20 | Pe MOTE atest) |<: 6) ecsve «ative a'r E. L. Moore. Brookings, 


INeiisicamViniemAcsn.. Mee 2) mereaemaras «| csisc ose oer A. T. Peters, Lincoln. 
KansasistateaVin Mier Atss’Ns. 2. || Saisie tate - Topeka. |Hugh S. Maxwell, Salina. 
Ass’n Médécale Veternaire | rst & 3d Thur, |Lect. R’m La-|J, P. A. Houde, Montreal. 


Hraneaise <* Waval:?’... 2... of each month, |val Un'y Mon. 
Alumni Association A. V. Col,.| April each yr. | New York. |F. R. Hanson, N. Y. City. 


Brovineeron@ucbee Vi. M. Asc] sccenccic cs sss Mon, & Que. |Gustave Boyer, Rigand, P.Q, 
Merah ie WME ASS MD. 2. . cis icleislsdie = cis + « Pe: os D. A. Piatt, Lexington. 
Wolverine State V. M. Ass’n..]}.....-....... SRE a Sie ore W. W. Thorburn. 
Washington State Col. V. M. A. | Vacation. Pallman. Wa.|Wm. D. Mason, Pullman, 
OhiomVWalley Vi. MiyAss’n. .. ../cgeesccs.-. |E vansville, I’d|J.W. Moses, Mt. Vernon, Ind. 
iwaeNebraska VW. Wis ASS'n : leeremiteisies <2 oe |. sees sinsicise. A. T. Peters, Lincoln, Neb. 
Perera state Vol ASST. Wiemmied. v +. +s (22sec cece seis E. P. Flower, Baton Rouge. 
ton 3 |. eee B. K. Baldwin, Newark, 


Essex Co. (N. J.) V. M. Ass’n 


PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT. 


THE Abbott Alkaloidal Company of Chicago, with New York head- 
quarters at No. 50 West Broadway, who withdrew their advertisement 
from the REVIEW for a few months while preparing for a new one, have 
returned this month with renewed interest in the veterinary field for 
their most excellent and reliable alkaloidal preparations ; and occupy 
the old position at the top of the inside back cover-page, where they 
were first introduced to the veterinary profession, about five years ago. 
If there are any veterinarians who have not practiced ‘‘alkalometry ”’ 
in the field of ‘‘ dog practice,’’ they have missed one of the best things 
at their command. 


COMMERCIAL DISINFECTANTS. 


‘“RAMPANT rides the quack in the fields of both preventive and 
remedial art. Quackery takes a well-known common powder, labels it 
with a grand mystic name. Quackery finds a stink outstinking feebler 
stinks, and gives it forth as a disinfectant.’’—(Medical Times G Ga- 
zette, London.) 

The above, from the Medical Times & Gazette, sets one to thinking 
of the great array of disinfectants of commerce, that are placed upon 
the market, each with a claim greater than its predecessors, that is 
placed beneath the nose of the practitioner with the invitation for him 
to ‘‘smell it and be convinced ’’; and it is here that the practitioner 
must exercise care in his selection, for he can no more be convinced by 
what he smells than by what he reads in the claims that are made for 
the ‘‘ new product,’’ unless he either sees a demonstration of its work, 
or knows the source from which it comes to be responsible. For ex- 
ample, take the list advertised in the REVIEW in alphabetical order, 
Chloro-Naptholeum—Creogen —Creolin—Kreso Dip — Sanitas — Zeno- 
leum ; and the standing of the manufacturer of each is sufficient guar- 
antee to the practitioner of the reliability of the product. 

The REVIEW endeavors to preclude from its list of advertisers, any 
but reliable houses, and in that way protect its readers from the danger 
alluded to by the London paper. 


IN THE LINE OF INSTRUMENTS, Messrs. Walter F. Sykes & Co., have 
probably the most recent improvement to offer the veterinary profes- 
sion, in ‘‘ THE DECHERY AUTO-CAUTERY,’’ see page 16 (adv. dept.) 


BOUND VOLUIMES OF THE REVIEW FOR SALE. 


For Sale. Twenty very clean complete volumes (viii, to xxix.) AMERICAN VETERI- 
NARY REVIEW, bound in handsome black and gilt. Price $60. Ararechance. S.R. 
HOWARD, Hillsboro, Ohio. 


ASSISTANT VETERINARIAN. 


Wanted by an honorary graduate (1905) of the Ontario Veterinary College, a posi- 
tion as an assistant to a veterinarian in or near Chicago. Previous to attending college 
he was superintendent of a racing stable near Boston, Mass., and has had a life long ex- 
perience with animals. Reply, stating terms of engagement, to JAMES T. MOLIsoN, 
128 Seaton Street, Toronto, Canada. 


NON-POISONOUS NON-CAUSTIC —— NON-CORROSIVE 

The success of Chloro-Naptholeum as a disinfectant and antiseptic 
for veterinary purposes has bred a great many similar preparations. 

In their physical appearance, all are more or less identical, but there 
is a vast difference in their chemical and bacteriological properties which 
is due to the raw material used, as well as the process proper. 

The creosote from which Chloro-Naptholeum is made is a genuine 
coal tar oil, carefully selected and specially prepared, so as to contain 
only the highly concentrated antiseptics, and to exclude all carbolic acid. 

These facts cannot be claimed by makers of other preparations; for 
many disinfectants offered receive no chemical care or supervision in 
their manufacture, and most of them use a cheap pine oil in order to 
make up bulk, so that when put to the test, they are at best, merely 
deodorants and have no disinfecting or antiseptic properties. 

The genuine Chloro-Naptholeum is always sold in sealed trade 
marked packages, and in quarts, half gallons, and gallons by representa- 
tive dealers, or direct. 

9 East 59th Street, 


West Disinfecting OMG ine eine 


Branches in all large cities. 


$ 
Lt 
@ 
4 
Rll 
é 
4 
3 
@ 
@ 
4 
4 
2 
@ 
$ 
$ 
4 
e 
Sd 
e 
a 
4 
e 
e 
oa 
5 
4 
¢ 
$ 
e 
@ 
*% 
Sd 


VASOGEN 


A vehicle that penetrates the epidermis with remarkable rapidity 
carrying its incorporated remedial agent to the underlying tissues, where 
it is “immediately absorbed. 


Convenient Application. Quick Results. Non-Irritating. 


Send for literature giving instances of tts 
successful use by prominent veterinarians. 


Vasogen is an oxygenated hydrocarbon that forms a clear solution 
with standard drugs, rendering those which are otherwise insoluble in 
water, freely emulsifiable in it. The penetrating and absorbing qualities 
of Vasogen are demonstrated by its presence in the urine soon after 
application. 


Send twenty-five cents to pay expressage on any of the following 


samples : 
lodine Vasogen containing 107 lodine. 
lodoform Vasogen 66 3% lodoform. 
Creosote Vasogen 66 20% Creosote. 
Pyoktamin Vasogen * 2% Pyoktamin. 


(In four ounce bottles.) 


Manufactured by VASOGENFABRIK PEARSON & CO., 
HATIBURG, GERMANY. 
LEHN & FINK, Sole American Agents, 120 William Street, New York. 


HOSS OSSSSSSHSSSOSSSHSHSHSHSHHSSOSOOOOSOOOOOOOS OFS 
13 


AAA AAAAAADAAAAAAAAAA AAA ied een 
OF 99999999 O00O0006 icckeseseenseeses oe 


Amos! Popular Hypodermic Syringe wilh ine Veterinary Metical Profession. 


———» 


WDRIGLS 


Substantial in Construction. 
"djysuRmysoA, Ul JIIAlIad 


DIMENSIONS OF CASE—6¥ inches in length, 2% inches wide, 2 inches deep. 


VETERINARY HYPODERMIC SYRINGE. 


in Morocco case, velvet lined, containing two straight needles, one-halfcurved needle for intra- 
venous injecticn, one trocar and canula, and twelve tubes for Hypodermic Tablets. 

Our Syringes are substantially made, especially for the use of Veterinary Sur- 
geons, with strong glass barrel of three drachms capacity, protected by fenestrated metal 
cylinder, with rings for thumb and fingers. 

By removal of the lower metal end, one or more tablets may be placed directly in the syringe 
—replacing cap and attaching needle, water can then be drawn in upon the tablets and solution 
effected by shaking the syringe. 

Our syringes are made with needles to attach either by slide or screw-thread. In ordering 
specify which is preferred. 


Price of Syringe and case complete..... Bc 2e200G 4 }OOGS $4.00 (reduced from $5.00., 

Extra Needles, straight (0) °2 22:22 03. cee cleric po6ao6 SOpupSoceceb sons: BO eckks 
Extra Needles: clirved 7: snceee.ocsnies San scemeiace sebtciee FOOOOOUDOO FIO Seeaisteleniere boc ash 
Extta Mrocarand! Canula wens wastes cst ons yacccr een tere spoppesmnosec. wot -50 


BUNTIN DRUG GO’S VETERINARY BULB SYRINGE 


For administering Liquid Medicines to Horses and Cattle by the Mouth or Rectum 
-— Every Syringe has Firm Name Stamped on the Hard Rubber Pipe 
LENGTH 10%2 INCHES 


:» CAPACITY 


Consists of a substantial soft rubber bulb to which is 
attached a very strong, hardrubber pipe. In giving med- 
- =_S= icine or food with this Syringe there is no danger of in- 
juring the animai’s mouth or breaking the Syringe; any quantity, from a teaspoonful 
to two ounces may be given at one injection. 


BUNTIN DRUG CO., TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA 
Manufacturers of Veterinary Hypodermic Tablets and Hypodermic Syringes 


(Length 10% inches.) 
Prices Bulb Syringes, 75c. each; per half doz., $4.00; per doz., $7.50. 


BUNTIN DEW@G COMPANY, 
600 Wabash Avenue TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA 


EIMER & AMEND, Agents, 205-211 Third Ave., New York. 
14 


BUNTIN DRUG hs *S SOLUBLE HYPODERMIC TABLETS. 


VETERINARY. 
Per tube of 
10 tablets. 
Acorn. Gr SEIS aseeoespec scnespdocooscScameoeease se (3 eae Cie $o 12 
PHOS LVS IS 2 - aeive cs lance ccnle -eenici= wesc ee RO eerie 13 
COAT ATIOMESIUSEAIS Jon) seic'e.s vieisivic'onie wis’ os stat oacinisenintee T-2OIS Ps. = eee 15 
Aconitine, Crystals ....... Depo tiamisjas 22a tetris T=l1OjGi. oe) ic seat 17 
Aconitine, Crystals....... .....----- okt, come nder ee T= GiGi swat ete Oe 22 
Aconitine, Crystals . ......... i SR ACDOC ORO Co See Fm yA SER ote ata ee 27 
Arecoline Hydrobrom.......... eked doces~ maeeeeet TA BT ka alee oh I 00 
Areroune El garODIOMl =. 2s.) ---- ---ccnas=-- e+e one TPT sea. oF Ie oe 
Atropine Sulphate... ......-.-----esec---- qo Gaiecc dace Mra 4gpel Wee cieicietes 15 
Atropine Sulphate... «0. «wee eres eee ee eee T2001 eee es 18 
Atrapine;omipnates.- 0) aa. seesereee--- = SACO) 4 See rane 33 
Barium Chloride Comp (CELTS) Sb cakoSsccasaac a Rf eR oak a eee 18 
{ Boritali Chlor.. o Laepe SP RTs. 
DIGILANTI CS eta caiae toc sietne as I-12 gr. 
Re CERONICHE EE ee ee le ae Scone cceeet cies rates oo, \emles vec 25 
: Digitaline, JEN Sepa - ae I-10 gr.) 
Sparteine Sulph .. evoese I=) 5 20 
aaychnine, Nitrate... ... 1- 8 Pete 
eckine Manatees... oc a- 6 W%S+ ae eds ess Se Sw oF 5 Semcone 35 
Cocaine Muriate ...... S0EC eeite lisse nateinc o's sate 1=36 QTSicewac ec . 45 
AC CENEPEIALE Cony CAB eed: plows ce odie evlewevese cee 2 TS a eee s 55 
Cocaine, 4% grs. for Veterinary Meattiesia:...o:: 20: sce I 10 
One tablet dissolved in 1 drachm of water makes an 8-per cent. solution. ) 
PNCRACINE te eacricc wads selene ose r cas 052 satsincuw gales oss I= 'qiptepeens re 4 560 
Colehiewie wy qa. cece. ---<us- SoCo oleE ae ke ae I= 2.20 eee oeee I 00 
EG CRURTIOWIES acer. se Saifeleawas eves beet Pore 54 
Morphine Sulph Bei sreiaiers 2 gIs. 
Atropine Sulph. .. -. ..... I- 4 gr. 
FRCONIG) LYSE o> sence I-20 gt. 
Coniine Hydrobromate.........05.0. - sccces Be er iig eee ap coe 43 
Connell Eydrobromate.. 2: eee - oe. 6s Seas cecness os UB cy one viele ars 60 
DipAr AINE MEMLG Maacdencs Sess i est we SHenaae Ps Gee ta rei: ZO 
UPAR ASO WET e ae ree cis cicielala aie = reais 2s, 9. Sin assis | Ey Wg hae een see 35 
Ereatine 24. 5.c.c52 tees Shindasssit saiecaccis saccsss Sees? 2 QTSieeete. bree eS 
LEN FE UTS 38 ad ae eae Seer A gers os eeercee 27 
tate AeMmIALe Ne eee se nays, ances <=> sivas tig PT Secon 50 
eae EAE VIALE Cire ciate wale sieica sais) ais siee.c ss 6'slee- ss I= ign, ees eee eS 
JESCRING STINE VEO. -SosHee sono OCOdC Stee IecEnrecemnes UOT o CRE ae ae I 25 
Hserine Salicylate...) 65. win. oss SS Ganncae ede 16 Sis) 1 go 
PEG EIAMEMCO MPO UNE See me a vase piee sms Ga aieaicelae es OSs o ss eeee dee ese. me “nn Base I 00 
Eserine Salicylate ........ I- 4 gr.) 
Pilocarpine Muriate...,... I- 2 gr. 
Stryehniness-s-) ss. cceeees I- 8 gr.) 
Eserine and Pilocarpine. . fy SSA ERE ere eS ee eae arr irre: I 50 
| Eserine......--.- shone ce I- 2 gf.) 
PHGCALDING saagsis sae =o sees - © Sprays 
Colic (Forbes)..... oe en GEES 0 a Besoin SaaS One See ae ee 275 
Eserine Salicylate Poe ds ec 5S 
Pilocarpine Mur............- 3% gers. 
Hyoscyamine Sulphate, Crystals.... ..  ........... TaiOipi eens casiaeae 85 
Hyoscyamine Sulphate, Crystals................... Tig eee BSCE 1 30 
Morphine Sulphate.............02000- sialeta’s slaleyareteare/s 16 TS OP PIBABS 55° 19 
Morphine Sulphate......... Be wiasa.catiatenialeice lerentetrcies ROCIPES) cin /nicseisetets 27 
MIGEPHING SIMDNHAIR. . vcccccslcasccesces soc +css sieleretet 7h 2 Reena Gicioe 33 
Morphine Sulphate....... A ERE RASA CG a Ne BRIETS oe score ADC 37 
Morphine Sulphate......-...... .-....00. pieiatelntcletniaiaraie ZU RES 28: S..2 ete 50 
Morphineand Atropine .......... ....... ASA oer aaa ac we eeets 35 
sj! Morphine Sulph tens. «- 14 gts. | 
| Atropine Sulph.............. i gr. § 
Motphineand Atropine = ov... 25. Seen See Re le oe eisiotctale aleieie\ateistee 35 
Gee HID Stee ,ss sss 134 gts. | 
Atropine Sulph Scesqnnoac \Y gr. § 
MIBEBTINeTAnGvAtTOpINe:- os MRE ns actedewecece-scsadties wie 40 
{ Morphine Siinhteres i... 2 grs. | 
Atropine Sulph.............. I-4 gr. } 
Morphine AnawALTODINEN*. CMRP ea cincs ca. is cc cecedeaisioess a ciciss 45 
Dreier Solphee sicose5<<: 2% gts. | 
Atropine Sulph. ............ I-4 gr. 1 
DUEROPIVCOTING 5.0000 anise acca neta nee aia" ESesie a5 T=IO\QTos «ccna 14 
MEASLY CCMINe Sn ...cgee 2 17 
Pilocarpine Muriate, Crystals 55 
Pilocarpine Muriate, Crystals go 
Pilocarpine Muriate, Crystals. 1 10 
Sodinm Arsenite... .-............0 12 
Strychnine Sulphate.......  ...... 12 
Strychnine Sulphate ....... ...... 13 
Strychnine Sulphate........ Sees tee Pe aR: ace. aed 
Werateme Muriate..........c5---t ke, - SOS SSee coe T=4. (Ts. 25. -ceeee 12 
PRPStETATI© MUTIALE oc ce ce cee eas os tense uses I-2 QT.......--0- 14 


Please order by number. 
tvods sent post-paid to any part United States or Canada upon reeeipt of price. 


15 


sg 
<2 
oo 
wis 
SSeS 
Moss 
ass 
~ oo 
Soe et 
Sis gras 
sa 
2ehee 
Suse 
£205 
sohs 
OnmsA 
SS 
a | 
= ae 
o & 
a = 
a 
SS 
we 
ae 
yas 
SS) (a 
So P 
eS: 
> 5 
Soi 
= =e 
< 8 
eee 
Oo Y w 
cae: 
o Of 
23; 
ss 
co 8s 
<= Cs 
Se ae ee 
YY 3 
= 
Ss 
= 
I -3 
coc 
J 
fa’ 
= 
No 
ao 
Dred 
WJ 
ey 
m 
ES 
°° 
0) 
= 


The Dechery Auto-Cautery. 


This is the instrument that was displayed in operation 
at the semi-annual meeting of the Connecticut Veterinary 
[ledical Association, Bridgeport, August I, 1905. 


Simple in operation. Always ready, produc- 
ing the maximum heating effect for this mode 
of treatment. 


NO PUMPING. 


VETERINARY OUTFITS ARE NOT COMPLETE WITHOUT ONE. 


PRICE, $30.00. 


WALTER F. SYKES & CO., 


Sole U. S. Agents, 
85 Water Street, New York City. 


PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO BOSTON 
16 


~TALLIANINE 


(REGISTERED TRADE MARK) 


Diagram showing the increase in the consumption of Tallianine since its 
introduction to the profession in rgor to the end of the first six months of 1905. 


24000 TUBES 


23 “ 
an e iat 
24 Y ie 
20 ie es 
19 metic ay 
18 fe ea 
17 i | & 
16 ” ee 
“ey 1 . Ba 
i ’ a Fe 
13 i; ae % 
12 + es S 
4 ; ay 
9 A Zz 
s i BE 
7 i | 
b : mm & 
a ' BE 
roe. = Be: 
3 2 ml ne 
2 : ada es 
1 ? | a 

1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 

SEND FOR DESCRIPTIVE LITERATURE. 
Address: 
WALTER F. SYKES & CO., 85 Water Street, New York. 
132 Chestnut St. 396 Atlantic Ave. 
Philadelphia, Pa. Boston, Mass. 


Western Agents: R. R. STREET & CO., 184 Washington St., Chicago, Ill. 


17 


NEW YORK UNIVERSITY. 


New York-American Veterinary College. 


(New York College of Veterinary Surgeons, chartered 1857, and the American Veterinary Col- 
lege, chartered 1875.) 


Session 1905-1906 will begin October 2d, 1905, 
Write for new catalogue and all information to 
A. LIAUTARD, M.D., V.I1., DEAN, 
141 West 54th Street, : New York City. 


NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE, 


ESTABLISHED AT / 
COomRWN aL UNIV EBRSiDtS, LEAS ae 
BY CHAPTER 153, LAWS OF 1894. 


The best equipment for scientific and practical instruction, for undergraduates and post- 
graduates. Most varied practice for students in the freeclinics. Regular graded course, three 
years of nine months each. Entrance by Regents’ ‘‘ Veterinary Student Certificate,” or by 
examination, September 15th, 1904. Matriculation September 23d, 1904. 

vw & w Tuition Free to New York State Students. 
For extended announcement address, 


Professor JAMES LAW, F.R.C.V.S., Director. 


ONTARIO VETERINARY COLLEGE, Limited, 


40, 42, 44 and 46 TEMPERANCE STREET, TORONTO, CANADA. 


Patrons.—Governor-General of Canada and Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario. 


SESSION 1905-1906 BEGINS OCTOBER Iith. 


All Experienced Teachers. = - = Fees, $65.00 per Session. 


Prof. SMITH, V.S. (Edin.) F.R.C.V.S., Etc., Principal. 


CHICAGO VETERINARY COLLEGE 


2537 and 2539 State Street, Chicago, IIIs. 
Organized and Incorporated under the Laws of the State of Illinois, 1883. 
4 © os 4 : 
Reqular Session commences the first week in October in each eat. 
For Prospectus giving all information as to curriculum, fees, etc., address 


the Secretary ‘ 
JOSEPH HUGHES, M.R.C.V.S., 
2537 and 2539 State St., Chicago, Ills. 


140 °°49 18 


BINDING SECT. APR 5 1966 


SF American Veterinary Medical 
601 Association Journal 


PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE 
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET 


UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY 


| 
| 


STORAGE 


i 

as 
ay 
es 


yy 
i a 
4) 


i 
it 
Feet hrety i shen 
tetents ties 
Neate shisha) ? 
yi 


Na 
vist 


here 
8 Des 


it 


uel 
: ise \ 
a) Lae ty Se 4 
Casita Servic 


>| j ytstyy Ga\at 
Ne Tet 
iis fy u nu > 


ait 


oy 


rh, 


eee 


r fi 

SUE? 
Rh i 4 

Pt <pe ps 


= 2 i 
“oe z= Poe 


Te 


ib $ 
Paras 


$I ath 

Nh aac 

ey sh 
7 


aia 


as 


Wa