1 18tvz9e0 FOZL € | OINOYO! JO ALISHAAINA AYVYAIT ADOIOOZ oP ae an a oe ee eo EET 8 —- i tert eS a SMETHSONIAN INSTITUTION. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. His. vend Sa THE FISHES NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA: A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE SPECIES OF FISH-LIKE VERTEBRATES FOUND IN THE WATERS OF NORTH AMERICA, NORTH OF THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA, BY DAVID STARR JORDAN, Ph. D., PRESIDENT OF THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY AND OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, AND BARTON WARREN EVERMANN, Ph. D., ICHTHYOLOGIST OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1898, GL 627 Red. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. , UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, THE FISHES OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA: peer sen iIPlivE CATALOGUE OF THE SPECIES OF FISH-LIKE VERTEBRATES FOUND IN THE WATERS OF NORTH AMERICA, NORTH OF THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA. BY DAVID STARR JORDAN, Pu. D., PRESIDENT OF THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY AND OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, AND BARTON WARREN EVERMANN, Pu. D., ICHTHYOLOGIST OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. <> f DEPARTMENT OF : PART Il: WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1898. eo Sn Ss cs ZOOLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS, PART IIL. CLASS III. PISCES—Continued. ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. Family OLXXXIV. Triglide—Continued. : Page. (Gri Duh all ereley teri ee eas, se ey ae er Ona oer OB DAB pce Ia cOtr Onn 2184 Family OLXXX VII. Callionymide ..-...-.-. SI SSR AS OME SeN CE eee ee 2184 Genus 799. Callionymus, Linn2us’..---.---.--- 22 ..ccecescsce-sennes- ene 2185 AD Mine aItLE a OLGA seer ie fee chen fe on hin trem pa asain mechanic atic ne ae 2185 2512. himantophorus, Goode & Bean..-...-..-...-------++-s22-2---00- 2186 2513. calliurus, Eigenmann & Eigenmann.....-----...------.-------- 2187 Peal em SILC ACA GUN s Cella ie vis aida ta nese Toe ima bei aw ian wide seh Se 2188 UTA MAR eRe ReRA CL TL COMMA on oes x2 Se nents san voetlaa< aman Seman rice 2188 EOUNE S00 WOE LOSRUS, OAD pee nem mi coercive sacs news wes enh ea tesnaeanean 2192 BOL KORMIUTUS: SORE cases pales penne cdascosevicnenmateecnesctaccccames'sn 2193 Genus 801. Philypnus, Cuvier & Valenciennes...............--..--..---- 2194 PDL POLIO TON (ACG DOGG) sccm decom ate = suicide case. jsb ans oe hoster eccwes 2194 DU BET ELAM Ont ce oe oo ete aotaiomp (4 galre Sek ace on daate mobs oaenews 2195 (Cys La Brera rye erry cal Oy) ) Bae see ae oe a ee eRe Ce oa ae, 2195 Pa REN ATAU LOGL) a 2aae = cose chaise as bk woinks wns awslseadestcane 2196 Orne UB ee BGG Cay Fe ied 5] Eee) oo ee oe ed a n= Se eS ee ae 2198 2519. guavina, Cuvier & Valenciennes ...-...-...---.....2-----22---- 2198 Genus 804. Eleotris (Gronow) Bloch & Schneider ...........-.......----- 2199 Pe aM DED SENN ONE cis Gee ceed aaa slap ce ota aainisace adeeaa see nae a 2199 PRPANG Hie Pereig ted Mer Che apo Cl Y. 7 1a a re a a ae nr 2200 2A) ep IRONS | CxMMO MINE rea 810 eae iam one mpiin= win since ara wtp hat mote ach teers 2200 Ura LL Ser (OD) io at aceite mas pee seke Ren anne nes mae wainao saan acces 2201 2524. pictus (Kner & Steindachmer) ..--......------...-00---ss0s--ee 2201 EMSS lier A LOSES, teh ONAN Beenie sid sins uci saeco Soe cise wane 2202 2520, armiger, Jordan & Richardson ....----- <2 -22.----0---0-----020- 2203 RSCG me aCOUO LINE OGY o a.4 ae to atnie ee ee ne paw we slo arene in Siete we = 2203 2526. smaragdus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).............-.-----+------ 2204 Gene Ais G VROLODUEINS, DIGOKOL soo accscsletccewsaccscarcwencceenenccoss 2204 ZoxseOMINOUS, (GUNTHOT) <0 06 <6 .iees ss wame caecdnm ace ieee eee 2204 CreHUAIB0s 1G HMIGLODIS; GION. << a5 a7 Asis sn owen mene ace eaeennane tensa es 2205 Pele POET REE eT) DOR ec eens ec ace acie dy aeae matwacencueeus deveome 2205 Geuus 809. Sicydium, Cuvier & Valenciennes............---..----------- 2205 PD aa a ETNIOLN (EOC) ocisee 4 ote ciseite Socom cd tena tame clock wns. waae wn’ 2206 AO a are OMT VIO-O Ranh . 520.425 seateaccnmansamedo cord= docsee 2206 203% vincente, Jordan dT vermiann, 2.222.222 ohec¢ casein ono ees sees 2207 Se LCh) DUNC DALEIN, EORU PIR: 28 )an emmm ain oS sjemwaenisonanenaccccuancem 2867 Genns/810- Cotylopusy Guichonot.< 5... 6. somone nn cnesscncwsawsensce 2207 Subgenus Sicya, Jordan & Evermann ....-.-..-.----02-cee2eeeeeee-eee 2207 2532. gymnogaster (Ogilvie-Grant) -----.-...---.------.------------ 2207 2pae. WALVinG (Opiivie-Gravth)re 22.05 .205- 52% jane awa seeeoeeawnn soo see 2208 Genus Sit. ‘Evorthodus, Gila == 2e.o5c xin0-j- ces oe os poem ssdeenenssscewsr 2208 Z20d4e PLOVICE DA Gol eee at sere 2 Scio nwa cise avarn nee seb eade otdaas 2208 Gems SEZs: op OPO Dis: Cult eee non ca ca saw an reece sae aneaeas 2209 2535. cyprinoides (Pallas) ....-.-- eit nts oan aie eaten ere orate ames 2209 Vv vI CONTENTS. CLASS III. PISCES—Continned. ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. Family CLXXXVIII. Gobiide—Continued. Page. Genus 813. Gebias (Artedi) Linnwue *.:. 2. /-05:2. sc: =o ee ae eee 2210 Subgenus Gobius)2< 2-225. - - 5. 2 oo eae ae =e 2216 2536. soporator, Cuvier & Valenciennes. .......-...---------------<-- 2216 Subgenus Ctenogobius, Gill...:-. -.2.22222-- 22-052. 0 see 2218 2537. nicholsli, Bean. <.2...i.2.-scsce eee ee ee 2219 2540. manglicola, Jordan & Starks:=.--: .-22--..csss ain om a 2265 Tenge eaockeWbnOmiehiiny Ss, Gall beri sage cia soeeee fenwn eee tics cain se 2268 2602. lineatus (Menzies)---..- gt TOA oR ees oS ieee 2268 Genus ‘834. Echeneis (Artedi) Linnzeus.............--...----.--.-------- 2268 AGU ate T AMG IGRUOS ELA OS «ae oa las ee So alae ane ona isa as cae m 2269 2hOL RANGrateoldes:) ZMIGUW.2222~ = fas moe eanoteen~ odes seat oecs ) oon eee ee 9275 2610. -plumieri (Bloch) =~ 22 -- --. - J. s00 sade nose ee 2275 Genus $39. Canlolatilus, Gill... 22 +. 2... ..c06-es0ss66ee- sen 2276 2611. princeps (Je@nyms)<--- 2... oe senece aes a =e eee 2276 2612. microps, Goode & ‘Bean. .- 2225. ceaseees 52 ee eee 2277 2613. cyanops, Pooy.--- 2-6 = = 2 252502 os onan = ee 2278 Genus 840. Lopholatilus, Goode & Bean ...-.-.---........--------------- 2278 2614. chamezleonticeps, Goode & Bean .-.......-..-...-.....----.-<-- 2278 Family OXOL. Opisthognathider - - 22282 oo i neo < owen eine = nee 2279 Genus 841. Opisthopnathus ‘Cuvier’. ---2 5 s2tssc-e eee ee ere 2280 2615.. lonchurum, Jordan &:Gilbert--...2 222 2--=-4-5e ee eee eee 2281 2616 punctatum, Peters.........-..--.-.- novia 2.2 tele a 2281 2617. macrognathum, Poey =... . <2 <2. --=254 sden=2 es ee ee ee?! 2618. ommatum, Jenkins & Evermann.........-.....-..--..--------- 2282 Genus 842. Gnathypops, Gill...) 622 3225 on opens eee eee 2283 2619. scops, Jenkins. & Evermann: 22. 225-222 so==< 26.5 eseeeeeeeeeeee 2283 2620. maxillosa (Poey) ----. 22 Seis -e ose see eee eee 2284 2621. macrops (Poey) == -- = 2.5 sicecsedeccec ewes ea sce ee ee 2284 2622. rhomalea (Jordan & Gilbert)-. - 2-552. .2 2 2s2seecs soe eee 2285 2623. snyderi, Jordan & Everman 2.22 --26-2 se eo eee 2285 2624. mystacina, Jordan, : -- =. 2.2225 - << sseeetene oes ee 2286 Genus 843. Lonchopisthus, Gill. -_..-..: 523.22 555-8 5 oe 2286 2625. micrognathus (Po0ey)- =<. -. + -.605-<555 oneness ee soe ae 2287 Family OXCLT. Bathymuastoridie .22.22 2. =22- 2-- 2asee ee aoe 2287 Genus. 844. Bathymaster ~~. 222.657 2S seen ae ee ace oe Se ee ee 2288 2626. signatus, Cope:.. 32-2 =. 46c0-sascsee asec ee eee eee 2288 Genus 845. Ronquilus, Jordan & Starks ....-.....----..--.--.---.-------- 2289 2627. jordani (Gilbert)....i2-2.- 2. 22 soc gse cee aln oe eee eee ee ee 2289 Genus 846. Rathbunella, Jordan & Evermann ..................------..- 2289 2628. hy poplecta (Gilbert). = ....-2-- 2.2 - 23 ce see eee eee eee 2290 Family CXOIIT. Ohvasmodontide....- 0-2. a-c0c045)-ee See 2291 Genus 847. Chiasmodon, Johnson..-----.. 2... 2222 -2225-e55ese eee 2291 2629. niger, JOWNSON:-... 2-5 200 sosos owe ede 2291 Genus 848: Pseudoscopelus, Littken /2-.- <2. 055 22 5-2 oe ee 2292 2630. sefiptus, Litken...2 22222205 sisen eee 2292 Family CXOLY. Oheenichthytd@.. =.= 3<- = aac eeenind a= ae ee 2293 Genus 849.. Hypsicometes, Goode. 2. ~ 2232. 5 -< seb oe bees eee ee 2293 2631. gobioides, Goode. --.<-...2 5.2. -222> =< acest he eee= ae eae 2294 Family OXOV. Trichodonttdee < 222 .- 0s sed oc oe one wee asa 2295 Genus 850. Trichodon (Steller). Cavier-. 52:25. (25.25 ..25- eee eee 2295 2632. -trichodon (Tilésius)..<- S22s-csese ee eens 6) ooo dae 2295 Genus 851. Arctoscopus, Jordan & Evermann......-.-..-----.---...---- 2297 2633. japonicus (Steindachner): 3.5 - 2c. <5- ae. os sone eee 2297 Family OX OVI. Dactyloscopide <<. <5 6252 severe sos ce pone ee 2297 Genus 852. Gillellus, Gilbert. ---.~ --- 2.525. soe te ee 2298 2634.. semicinetus, Gilbort. .... 2.224 5. 2 Soc 2 a oeeisee ee ee 2298 2635.. arenicola, Gilbert.< <2: -22.022 220 nnie aoe =o sl ee 2299 2636. ornatus, Gilbert: 2... e=<5ce-e eee eee $2 .ne the: alco sn 2299 Genus 853.’ Dactyloscopus, Gill: -) 2. ---22- 5205.4.) sep eee ~--- 2300. Subgenus Dactyloscopus: - <6 -~<.25 (e202 sce see eee 2301 2637. peotoralis, Gill 28.4 -\.2 0.2.2 2252. . 222 aan ae eee 2301 2638.. tridipitatus, Gill. -.222 5... 2s see enee ue . Jan chepid a paeielats aaeenEes 2301 2639. poeyi, Gill... - 22.2 ..5 660 t25. Scan cae eee eee 2302 2640. lunaticus, Gilbert............0..42-Sescces cons Deere 2302 Subgenus Esloscopus, Jordan & Evermann............-.---+.--sesee- 2303 - 2641. zelotes, Jordan. & Evermann.......-..:.-:28.sesss beeen nee 2303 CONTENTS. Ix CLASS III. PISCES—Continued. ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. Family CXCVI. Dactyloscopide—Continued. Page. (Genus S54. Dachylarnnn,, Gill Aer casas doecente and oaesee las paeaee none 2304 Pie Be srr Gi litsy Ga lee ees a ee eee ey Jee <6 ee este Ven See ee 2304 Genusisoo. Why codarnud, Gillesaee senso aa ened en ee ee nonce sense no =o 2305 2643- opereniaris, Gill esos soe se Bask 5 apansseele ees stebe wes ceeass 2305 EO XO VLE. MUP AWOSEOTNAE Ss <= so a aoce ooo 25 i-teeneaedels sf Save scs~ nen 2305 Gens 5b. SA sinexcoplis, DLOvOor t's 24 sxc---ens= esses == ans Sees aes- cee 2306 2644. y-grecum (Cuvier & Valenciennes)..=...---..--..-------.----- 2307 26452 zephyreus, Gilbert &i Starks 22.22 --cssess-cosewseatena=-c-s22-3 2309 2046) ombahus' (ANODE)... -9- - ee =o ae cone inet cee ewes = as 2310 Genus 857, Kathetostoma, Ginther22 =. 5 sack ama se ks oes - 2330 SUES UO Gs A ec Sor Ba nr een eRe ea 2331 2662. gyrinns, Jordan .& Evermann: 22>: 2-22-72 ~ 252-02 2225-22 e enc ose 2331 SiGe Tripinimiia (P Sters)’=-- 25 .2.ces ccs st -wocasastencetseencovee sss 2331 upas Danae. EASGNRNO Aas oo sear ta Siete fee ae eee See sso 2332 Pitas tug Gs viCnAPORON | -— 22+ ooiss Sas coe aestaseeat Ss see set scc cess soe 2333 Ate sen R OR ON ao a ala mee ene Se eades ae bem boa a= 2a 2335 hb Mire ain oP Orda do Gilberts >= 2a Son. 2s-2652-se8es See 's--- = - = 2333 2668) adustus; Jordan é& Gilbert <22s2-s2-2< 22 saeco 52s -ses-tcee-see-e 2334 Beds LANOETION GIIDEEbasess anc ac-as Shs eacneesss ae aera = saan 2334 2670. peecilophthalmus, Jenyms --.-.-..--...---- se ee = a Sse 2335 PAL PEROUOA PHU GHBCNOM of 2: 3960 52 22 assoc ashes ssacacdae scceetes se 2335 2012. nackannthaminis GHnbher 2229. 55.2602. nse cs Seagate as on 2335 BGiS. EPLARINUS /COUG, so-8as2~ - = ono saa = 2. sot eScbewer ee sears -5--cse 2336 Subgenus Sicyases, Miiller & Troschel.---.---.-.,----..--------------- 2336 2674, (erythropn, sore siueiG UbOEb: 52 2< 22s<--- Seca ass eaoe =25seeeee eee 2350 Genus 868(a). Dialommus, Gilbert ---.-.--2--2222-22-22 5 sane 2868 2687 (a). fuscus, Gilbert ---...:--.... 52 5520.8 2-2 Shee 2868 Genus. 869, Heterostichus, Girard... :-22~2 2/222 .2205 sn so2-: ane eee 2350 2688. rostratus, Girard’. 2... 52.2223 22220 -<-- een see eee ee 2351 Genus 870. Gibbonsia, Cooper...--2.- 3. 2c socos ss eset 2s cee ee ee 2351 2689; evides (Jordan ‘&. Gilbert) (226 ---2.-55.2. 222 Jesse 2352; 2869 2690. elegans: (Cooper) 2-2-2. 052 -2s.0se meek === sae ee eee ee 2353 Genus 871. Neoclinus, Girard’.....2.2.0-<<02 232242s- 3: ieee eee 2354 Subgenus Neoclinus ~~~. ---- <2 .222ee6 be-coe soe eases ae ee 2354 2691. blanchardi, Girard’..-- 3... 2... .o3220--s2 bose cose oe 2354 Subgenus Pterognathus, Girard. -----. 2.22 22.22 scces <== eee eee 2355 2692. satiricus, Girard. - 2222 5.-.<.. -- ssc eescc ssa eae ae eee 2355 Genus 872. Malacoctenng, Gill’ ..3.-5225.2% Jscesfoceo: eee ee 2356 2693. ocellatus (Steindachner): - :22.22.-- 2222522254 -oeee eee 2356; 2869 2694. varius (Poey) ---.<.-.-22 2 .cc2-nccacessusny as oe ee 2357 2695. macropus (Poey) ----------- sas e ee pace etd sce oe eer 2357 2696. lugubris'(Poey) -----------.-..-c. s-tssecsos see eee 2357 2697. gillii (Steindachner) .. ...- /2.-=-J2s.2ce- cece gas =o) See 2358 2698. bimaculatus (Steindachner) -=. <<... 22. -<-224- .s6- 452s eee 2358 2699. delalandi (Cuvier & Valenciennes) ---.-.----...-------.---..2-c 2358 2100, versicolor (Poby) 2 <== «--. 202 2= enn eee eee ee 2359 2701. biguttatus:(Cope)'- <.-.-2-.--.- 525222 sce eee ba 2360 Genus 873. Labrisomus; Swainson .....5.=.-: 25-066. -sseds-seeee see 2360 2702. herminier (Le Sueur) =25.2265----sch ee soe ae 2361 2703. nuchipinnis (Quoy & Gaimard) -.--...-.-.----.------ BPE I 2362 2704. xanti, Gill... 3-2. Scone ends cia ae see eee ee =e 2362 2705. buaciferus, Poey . 22-5 22e2 eoee esas nea ee eee sete eee 2363 2706. microlepidotus, Poey-- <2... 22 22. 220. -- 22. = 22 2a ae 2363 Genus 874. Mnierpes, Jordan & Hvermann ..-.---......------s2secessnees 2364 2707. macrocephalus (Gunther). 5.2.5.0. 22220. <5 7-0. see ee 2364 Genus §75. Gobioclinus, ‘Gill. 2.5.22. as2: 5-2 Soe cee 2364 2708. gobig (Cuvier & Valenciennes) .....-.--..------.-----5.-- sens 2365 Genus 876. Starksia, Jordan & Evermann ...........-....----.------<--- 2365 2709. cremnobates (Gilbert) - =. 002.205: ..52. 222 522002 eee 2365 Genus 877. Cryptotrema, Gilbert’)... 22 2.2.2 i. ecco 2366 2710. corallinum, Gilbert? -. <2... 2.28 =~ 52-25 ee eee 1 2366 Genus 878, Exerpes, Jordan & Evermann. ...-2.....--.----2222-sssseeee 2367 2711. asper (Jenkins & Evermann) --.--.- »--5.-2.2.<--p eee 2367 Genus 879. Auchenopterus, Gunther ........:....5.2)--.s00seee eee 2369 Subgenus Corallicola, Jordan & Evermann .......--.--.---...........- 2369 2712. nigripinnis (Steindachner) .........2....csccsunesvaseesewreeee 2369 at ae CONTENTS. xI CLASS IIT. PISCES—Continued. ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. Family CC. Blenniide—Continued. Page. Jilswalhivelisbockine tone. 2 bas sceas eae ol esc ac eee eke. 2370 S2714. marmoratus (Stemdachner) i s--2-.20 2s -ske- cee eee s-coefe-2-e- 2371 SubPemusrAUCGHeENOPLORM Sie anae e tsa oe sae nee aes ae dee cise eee oe 2371 PULSPeALIMIS (tO GACH! hee waa coe eaten socn oxi: Soe clases 2371 ZlOS mono p hitbalmi gen Gel DNOLe 2... con sasageth akon Set ee fane< see 2372 Zl Ue EU IENIS :(FVOS Re SON GH) i an/= since daen eee ce eee. oc we 2372 CM GobanGintits (Sbeurcda Gh nOn) ir. fe: sedan ocean eee ons aan ay case - 2373 PAGO (el OFC aN. Go: Gl POL) a c)2 94 asa ee eee eren tease ete a 2373 Genus S80mEaraclinus; Mocquand <2... 2. s.c+sos ces eteasesee sie nso. 2374 220. chaperio MpedUaAne so. eee een Sense gas a oeeeee cosas 2374 Genus:s8lsbinmniony sOLreane --=sec ase Ses ono sdoees acca caine ae Sars es 2375 2721. bristol, Jordan -.~.22-..<...=-..% ee a mole cas sls soe eee 2375 Genus 882. Atopoclinus, Vaillant... .....-.---..- smiarse Pa ic lass sine miaaetere 2376 ieee ree UE ANU aime ain ae neat one matict s Gea sta a ased soe oe eee 2376 (oenusicsom man pay orden & BOUman, so.-0o. stele cist oSokeeatecdbaent. 2377 Qiaaziles. Kordan de BOllMaAn so nok Secale ons canaceoabenvceaceses< 2377 Genns set.) Blennins: (Artedi): Linn 0s,..2- 2.0.28 eS se cnn eee s sade ens 2 2377 RO Petit Selah Opens Gxt et soe ate oso = ea ase isierenia wetatciss sajaie'slé Joe cls 2 2378 2724. carolinus (Cuvier & Valenciennes) .............-.---.---------- 2378 wi25. tucoraum, Gavier & Valenciennes -. 2-2. i..c65. 2393 2745. bosquianus (Lacépéde).........--.---------- Re anaemia a ate 2394 Genus $89. Homesthes, Gilbert ..-..52....-.2.25. 2.62.2. 2c-0ee Cat asses 2394 eis CTL OM Go 299 iS OS Se a ea, Se ee pC 2394 Genus 890. Scartichthys, Jordan & Evermann.-..........-----.---.------ 2395 2747. rulropunctatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes) ..-..-..--..-.-----.--- 2396 Gents sol pit pascartes, SWAMAOM 255-72... -s si. - 4sesenesge nos 2-55-5256 2396 2748. atlanticus (Cuvier & Valenciennes)..-...--..------------.------ 2397 Genns 8925 Hntomaeratens Gillen nace aoe aos sq tess sonst asmee state ee 2397 2149. chiostictus:(dordansés Gilbert)... J2-205-.5--250--2e2oe>- ee oe 2398 2750.) Mar Pari taceaus) (MOBY ea. oS 55a oe oe een aes. ces oe 2398 ALols COCoraitie;- OGY teases se as bes So acer nee eek ee ya's 2399 XII CONTENTS. CLASS III. PISCES—Continued. ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. Family OC. Blenniide—Continued. Page. 2762; nigricans; Gillec 2.6 cece bec aed ce cel en ase aeee = Rae ee ee 2399 Genus 893. Salariichthys, Guichenot .....- 6.225525 260. cs nioc eos eumeeneaes 2400 2753. textilis (Quoy-& Gaimard) 5... 22.25 eee dence a= oo cee an eee 2400 Genus 894.. Ophioblennius,-Gill 2.-.2. 22-25 25..32528 9215-355 Joo e eee 2400 2754.. webbii (Valenciennés). 2. -....22.¢ 20 se. 92 65 ace ee caue ee eee 2401 2755. steindachneri, Jordan & Evermann...........--.-----..-----+- 2401 Genus 895. Emblemaria, Jordan & Gilbert...-----..--.--..-..------.c00- 2401 2756. atlantica, Jordan & Evermann.-......:---:-2-..cc.scaeenes-cee 2402 2757. nivipes, Jordan, & Gilbert .2--222<. 2 seeeass een eee eee 2402 2758. oculocirris, Jordan.<. 2252.22 -2escd2sss sae eee eee 2403 Genus 896. Chaenopsis, Gill: --..-: 22.2025. 22 5. 05-02058 == pee 2403 2759. .ocellatus, Po6y-- ~~... =. lent. t ns ode ds- bdo sees eee 2403 Genus 897. Lucioblennius, Gilbert... -:-.2-.:2-2-2-022. 2-52-5220 e eee 2404 2760. alepidotus, Gilbert. .-.. 222.20: ssccowssshocecessuce sees eee 2404 Genus'898. Pholidichthys; Bleeker -:::....22250o.% (Wases see eee eee - 2405 2761. anguilliformis, Lockington.<-- 2-22-22. =-2 -- ee eee ae ee 2405 Genus 899. Psednoblennius, Jenkins & Evermann.......-......--..---.- 2406 2762. hypacanthus, Jenkins & Evermann....-......-.-2.------.esse0 2406 Genus 900. Stathmonotus, ‘Beam: --2..-..-.22- 222 sisi sp ebea eeeeee 2407 2763. hemphillii, Bean. << 23. - 2... oo. Sseses so -ee eee ssa eee 2407 Genus 901. Bryostemma, Jordan & Starks. ....--..-...----------2++------ 2408 2764. polyactocephalum (Pallas). .-<-..2..22 222s. ss=ueeeeee eae 2408 2765. nugator, Jordan é& Williams «5-222 2<5,5-: J sec=osee ae 2410 Genus 902:- Apodichthys, Girard...: 2... s...0.0.2 54s a0 een eee ee 2411 2766: flavidus,. Girard <2.-..22s2-2..-12. 5 terete cee ee eee ee ae 24ST 2767. univittatus, Loeckington ~..... -. :-225-5 t2e 2225255 e eee eo. 2412 Genus 903. Xererpes, Jordan & Gilbert: 2. .2. 322222042. oeene ee eee 2413 2768: fucorum (Jordan: & Gilbert) . 22222-4222 -ceeesenesee ae eeee eee 2413 Génus 904. Ulvicola, Gilbert’... {22.522 0.0. coeek ee eee eee ae oe 2413 2769. sanctz-ros~, Gilbert & Starks 225-22: [222 cess eee eee 2413 Genus 905. Pholis (Gronow) Scopoli ~...2. 322.32 -+--.2seae eee eee 2414 Subgenus Urocentrus, Kner-.-2 5.2.5.5 ---2eecseee = 6 aae eee 2415 2770. pictus (Kner); 220222622225 cc.2s Bec osstew eee ede eee 2415 Subgenus Rhodymenichthys, Jordan & Evermann. .--...--.-.-------- 2416 771. dolichogaster>(Pallas) 22524 soaacn cone Cone sae eee 2416 Subgenus’ Pholis..-2 22-22. o cepa. ac tes saeecee aes = <5 eee ee 2417 2772. fasciatus (Bloch & Schneider) see docitset 2428s nee eee 2417 2773.. gunnellus-(Linn2us)s< 5252 5222 1522 aes aoe eee 2419 2774. ornatus: (Girard) 3.62.2. 22st Sot eoce es ebes soe eee eee 2419 Genus 906. Gunnellops; Bleeker = =.:.- 2: - ch. - So sdeeeee sae eee 2420 2775. roseus (Pallas) 2-3. --- 22d secs sosaaea cashes aoe eee ee 2420 Genus 907. Asternopteryx, Ruppell ..-...2.2.. 22-22. 2. 2420 2776. gunnelliformis, Riuppell:.....-- 22.2.2. . s2.es-ss5p ee eee 2420 Genus 908. Anoplarchus, Gill: - 222-220. 220 6280-2 een 3 2421 2777. atroparpureus: (Kittlitz) <..5 52253. -c2 52 sete == eae 2422; 2869 Genus 908(a). Alectrias, Jordan & Evermann..-.---.-.--. 29st eee 2869 2778. alectrolophus (Pallas). --22is22.0220 52000 4s se eee 2421; 2869 Genus 909. Xiphistes, Jordan .& Starks)... 2/202, seco asses ae eee 2423 2779. ulvze, Jordan & Starks--.- 2. -L. 2 5o. 2.2 oe Secees eeece eee 2423 2780. chirus (Jordan & Gilbert)....2..ccoce.ccnse case ce tae a eee 2424 Genus 910. Kiphidion, Giravilt’----- 2.523252 - 24 2 55 ee 2424 2781. mucosum; Girard... 2442 2798. virgatus, Bean ....-------- ee eee ee 2442 Genus 923. Cryptacanthodes, Storer ...---......---.--------------------- 2443 iad ETO S SOG eon sane eee eee = Re ole aw ee nes onan 2443 Genus 924. Lyconectes, Gilbert .----- 2-22-2220. <2ten-neccnmeeen-n--sces 2444 2 URE ay (S90) er GR ie ee IE On ee eee ee ie 2444 ama. O OTT. ATTRA a2 a = 2 o's wna nis a owe nw Moonee cscnecencwccecscas 2445 Genus 925. Anarhichas (Artedi) Linnwus.-.........------.--...-.202---- 2445 2801. latifrons, Steenstrup & Hallgrimsson .-.....-.--..-.--....+.-.-. 2446 PaUo. TREO | OMRON ocean «n> omer hon sine oc aac seman Wa bosoa cee mee 2446 2803. lupus, Linnzeus .-......-.2..0---- +22 - enc eencnc ee cne ween nencenene 2446 DIVE ETO eb G1 32 GS eee a ee ee 2447 BeObBEIGHLANIA bl Spee 2 ear oe eS cect on ob eta atop Mami ene ne 2447 Genus 926, Anarrhichthys; A:yres << - <2. o ss sst aos concen pescensceccesss- 2447 Po remeRee LAGER AUN ROS ete ca one eae ee te sas ooo mes 6 aus = 2448 ROE le OCT OUP. one Sans Spica oe sexe Sab ewenns ene peei=sos veces aie = 2448 Genus 927, Ceardale, Jordan: é& Gilbert .--2-oo2: -caceds 5 osc cacccct ons de- 2448 AG UAE TOSS EG Fry gh oe cad Co Ll pe eke a a gery Oe ee 2449 Genna 925; Microdesmus; Gunther... 9225-25-20 n 52252-20500 cn s=s 0-525 2450 AI SE ND Hii) Go ee ae ee eee Res) Pe Pee ore meee 2450 2809. retropinnis, Jordan & Gilbert....-........2...-2---.--2------: 2450 LTR PLO Vee CCNY ROLE en ee wre aoe ome mann den Saving ss dams sta s anaes 2451 (CUO OS Me ROM YN; ORR am sees aoe eo deo ned ccean ene ceseevoasasenaae se 2452 ANA Sisto SSO ie ite te A/a nie nln ate amare = an a le Se pe aio a 2452 Group O pind eat ae se so soos vee ose cove epnn enna eo vedo geeestasceesaee 2453 RAN OG. SUE EAP ae aaa ons Kn ain sides a2 sae ane emeereer oe 2453 Genus 930. Scytalina, Jordan & Gilbert............--..-----2------------ 2454 2911 CPO ORGAN . GOUDOEY Sic 2 foe cso Samus ocean oocnacerhes os 2454 SOULE OV Le AAT CR Oe et ane ae oe es 3 nae eee oe 2455 Genus 931. Zoarces, Gill ..... BEE RAR Te EE pao e Pe, ee at eee eee 2456 XIV CONTENTS, CLASS III. PISCES—Continued. ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. Family CCVI. Zoarcide—Continued. Page. Subgenus Macrozoarces, Gill... -- 22 cn. 22. Goes ooeusenes 55 see aaa 2457 2812. anguillaris (Peck) ..---------.----2---- +0002 2 +220 + cece ween erenne 2457 Genus 932. Embryx, Jordan & Evermann .....-........-..------------- 2458 2813.crassilabris (Gilbert)... -.. ==.2--22-2420- 3.5 eee 2458 2814. ‘crotalinus (Gilbert) 22... = 2; ><; >-552b4. 22. ee, oe ee .. 2458 Genus 933. Lycodopsis, ‘Colletts--* -- 24.552. 2- 22 ae oe ee 2460 2815. ‘pacificus (Collett) 5.222222. <5 <3 Se ates ag 2 2460 Genus 934. Aprodon, Gilbert.-..........----.. citosieesécu te eee 2460 2816. cortezianus, Gilbert .-.....-.....----/ Malbec dee oe ee 2461 Genus 935. Lycodes, Reinhardt=-. --- <0. 2-2. < =~ -cueecese ee eee eee 2461 Subgenus Lycodes ::...:2 02.0520 22ces0-- - 22 oe ee ee ee 2463 9817: esmarkii- Collett... .....22. 2-0. 4-23 OL eee 2463 9818: vahlit, Reinhardt... <..2..2.6026.250. 25. eee 2463 2819. ‘concolor, Gill’ & Townsend =~: =. 2 --222—- 2 ot 22 oaae seen eee 2463 2820: -zoarchus, Goode & Bean... .:.. 50.25. sea dee we eet ee eee 2464 2821. -reticulatus, Reinhardt -. 21-5 -- 5.2222 eee ee 2465 2822. -perspicillum, Kroyer . -. 222-2 205205 scon a2 oss = ee oe eee 2465 2823. frigidus; Colletty 2-2. . 25-2 cesses sos csene ==] sete eee 2465 2824. terrs-nove, Collett =.-..2- 225 022 io eee 2466 2825; ‘digitatus, Gill & Townsend.----..-2.22-22-2-< 222 eeoeeeeeeeeeee 2466 2826. paloaris, Gilbert 3222-2 25.006 02 foe ce 2s = o> 5 eee 2466 2827. brevipes, Beal ....-2.- 22-2222. 225. 2052-285. eee 2467 Subgenus Lycias, Jordan & Evermann..--- Cons Jones eee ee 2468 2828. nebulosus, Kriyer--. 2: - 22-50-2252 =o bee 2 2 eee 2468 2829:-seminudus, Reinhardt. - -.---24-.-5----- 25 ss ss=-seeeee eee: 2468 Genus 936. Lycodalepis, Bleeker=:2. -0 222: =. 25 cee = =o sae 2468 2830. polaris (Sabine) <: 5-232. 2 2.22250 ose eo ee ee 2468 2831. mucosus (Richardson): - 522-020. bs. cesceee ee eee 2470 Genus 937. Lycenchelys; Gill... .:. 53.22.2526 Jo 50 See eee 2470 2832. verrillii (Goode: & Bean). =.=... 225.522 enee see aoe 2470 2833. paxilius (Goode Bean)... - 2. .-2- 52 ssccee= =e ee 2471 2834. porifer (Gilbert) -+ +>. <--<.<25- 22 222-8. soe eet ee ee 2471; 2869 Genus 938. Furcella, Jordan & Evermann..---....2..--=scscecsccceeseses 2472 2835." diaptera (Gilbert) .-- 2.2220. -. 2-22 oS sca saa ee 2472 Genus 939. Lycodonus, Goode & Bean... ... 5.0220. 0i 2) eee eee 2473 2836. mirabilis, Goode & Bean: .:2-<2 2.22 Soe en oe 2474 Genus 940. Lyconema, Gilbert <<: --2.-- 2-225. 2 5 - sone a a eee 2474 2837. barbatum, Gilbert--<-=<--2:--- 2.52.20. sees 2474 Genus 941. Bothrocara, Bean: - 2... ..cc- 2.0 acces oces = nee ee eee 2475 2838. pusilla (Bean) ;- 222.220.202.525 Se ocaer aneseee eee eee eee 2476 2839. mollis, Bean. :-::<:..22s0s0st.seseece ss ees eee ee score 2476 Genus 942. Gymnelis, Reinhardt-.-.. ....-.-- 2-22 255. 232-0 2477 2840. viridis (Fabricius) .-..:..-- 22522222222... 26 525) 2477 2841. stigma (Lay & Bennett) -.--2. 22-222. --22 02 ee 2477 Genus 943.. Lycocara, Gill...... - 2-5 =o eco. sea eee er 2478 2842. parrii (Ross) .....-..2.0-ic2e sane oeec ee ee 2478 Genus 944. Melanostigma, Gimther..-.22 . 22.22.2222 2k <2 aaa 2478 2843. gelatinosum, Gunther: >. -.: 3222 22-222. <5. 55 -e eee ees 2479 2844. pammelas, Gilbert..........-...--...--. ve cled ot See 2479 Family COVII. Derepodichthyid@---« .-<- 6-2 ios oe <5 == cae ee eee 2480 Genus 945. Derepodichthys, Gilbert .............2.2-- -2. ss sees eee 2480 2845. alepidotus, Gilbert ~-.=---.2--.-2-.-- 222 cree 1 ted ak oddeeeee 2480 Family OCVITI. Ophidtidee..... 22 550-00 ccnsssese cece en eo eee! 2481 Genus'946. Lepophidium, Gill: .-. 5... 2... -..2. 2/250) ease See 2482 . 2846. marmoratum (Goode & Bean)-....--..-52<.-- cic So cce seen meee 2482 2847. emmelas (Gilbert). ...<. <2... 0. .t-ccncceeeed abe en eee 2483 CONTENTS, XV CLASS III. PISCES—Continued. ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. . Family COVIIT. Ophidiide—Continued. Page. 2848 suiomahishiunn (Galbenh) io oa-be=2a 2-an0 2a ele meteeee oe easels 2483 2849. profundorum (Gill).-.-...--.-- eae poe Ne Ate nt. Sched cee 2484 2000s, COLvinn ny (5 00d 665 DEAN), to catia ans sesso vel acoeecss ees}. 2484 Deol ee PLOLBLeS (ed OLAS: Ses HOUINAN)\2 seco 5 hae t censsonk Sees sa ce ualde zee 2485 BB gULavADALOe.CUvIGeirsas22 e122 ccs ainoe eee memee ees ca ccetesscc tes 2485 expo. panamler (Gall NOC). caccscen cde eiesewepaeamhe se ddeaws Set eckcaces 2486 De Pe eRICLOLO DIS) (GllNGLt) aq os stem oasis e ee Ree eae ee = cee sess 2486 Genus 947. Ophidion (Artedi) Linnzus..........---..---.--.-- ete ae 2487 Zoop- Dean, J) ordan) & .Gilbertosca-«-oa5th gillii, ‘Goode iés/Beans. coos. 15 o. ce ene setae ee 2515 2888: -stelliferoidés (Gilbert) =< 2.252520. ¢-2-noe = eee eee eee 2516 Genus 966. Barathrodemus, Goode & Bean .......-...--......-....-- SOT : 2889. manatinus, Goode & Bean: - 2.52... cae. + = sos 2 ete coe us os ese sone Mae cua eae awe anism 2546 Gonna Js eb iy Ssiculus: Kamp s-c-men aoe e ate Beet eee omnes h ma coe nn 2547 DOS ee hk VAS, BEAN saoseas22 os lsscs esse ees os ees peer ts 2547 PUGS MEMALODUS, GUUDSEi. oes acta ee lame wineries aaa male vin in = 2548 O20: Kau pl, POCY q.j2enm cece ceases shane awn mnie semen eine on 2548 Poel etaASsttebi SOF, Kad EE bose ee ee ae eae oe eee = eee 2549 Genus 988. Lota (Cuvier) Oken..-..--.----.----------------+--+-22---0----- 2550 2922. maculosa (Le Sueur).-.-......-...-.--------- ROS age ae see 2550 Crone TBO eM hyve ONIN Oi ee ea ae te aa ee eras aes ann ewes 2551 eae OLY She ExT EIS) ott a= sate ae a eer ia aoe ease nie oe oasis nie main 2551 Genie JU Dep iyCis, Grillo. 2 saeco ee ae eat ae acer enh connec = = 2552 Subgenus Uxrophyeis =. --)1-% fac n2 oss odmew ce cccninscsesesemenanesn=a-= 2553 POrA SPE OTIS (VV NDA )aceae loa anes os it ee ea ie mn ine ei wie 2553 209} WcimatHs.(GO0d6 &.BCAN) 26 ance sana enecse csr bss sae oes encase ocess 2553 DUO aHeadd anne, (Beg CoO ANGl) ote tine as ache S-nianee man wae st oneenes 2554 Subgenus Emphycus, Jordan & Evermann ......-.-------------------- 2554 PAPEETE ASO ee oe Se ee eee PA Bese a pone See ee eae 2554 PUSS SHOWeNAs: (WISE DL) nasa nts oe ake eced osdaseceneis wascerecehescccus 2555 BESO CIESS: (Viel DAI) pete wena tes ances wale ew basa a neesesea=—. 2 /ocso5* Joc aeee osorsese~ calecnsconsean= 2556 Genus)» LdmoneMs,.GuUnthOlooss-snict ses ae = Suseciepes recline s eck castes 2556 203). barbatwiam, Goode & Beane. co... sosocscesegaeecosccebosecsec=- 2556 DOr MBM FEC). COOKE 02 ORD = fot onc sas a de me ap tne ne ve shen 2557 Genus 992. Gaidropsarus, Rafinesque..-..-.-....------2-2--22ce-ceee---- 2557 2933. ensis (Reinhardt)....--.--.--- finn ta naneda Beware toate enon ae ae 2558 2934, argenjatus (Reinhardt) --.-..- -22-2--2-25--.----s-senes-cces ---. 2559 2935. septentrionalis, (Collett) = 2. - ~ 205.2 2 acne co oca ae cose wcce cece ncee 2559 Genus 993. Enchelyopus, Bloch & Schneider ---...-.--..--------------..- 2560 DE ie CUNLSEUIES CLAN YEDUME Cd ccne ela uaieneps socsnes ot chs becca anetwa~ 2560 eat EOSIN GC VACE)) ORO vec « cwic See ve oSitas ale San clde ste accces' 2561 Divi DLOHING (LEED) = oso pink wee tenons’ ape Pe ey ee a See ate 2561 SAAB Rat Cl Ne Vian Ie ACT OUTER? oc a oon anne ee aam= oacia saan oda s so tasenen «soso a 2561 IOUS Oot. aCe eAdOs, GuntnGEs. cus ach anew an wend 5 dase sa eek dane 2563 2938, arcuatus, Goode & Bein. <..--.2.05.4-<2-2--26 cote eaes ama 2564 PS ea POSIN: (x ODOG 65 ARN oo va = Volk ona ape otra coat w tsauet coe 2565 Pa EET ONS 2G GOGO, oo (BERN. 0. <= Sane cae een meee deeiceadvcmasasapems 2566 Pell One lis, GC OOMe a JOAN). 5 ncno ace se ss om tet see teen ss 2566 Genus 996. Steindachneria, Goude & Bean .-...-.--.....-...-......------ 2567 an SERENA, GO0Ne) & Beal a. sss oda seats sjandawscecenw ence 2568 Genus 9972 rach yrine tis) Gloria se le je oe owt eee nos a endo he'e gece 2568 SUS Se PCL GETTER EWU 1 RAE nA eed ey pe ee a 2569 Genus 998. Malacocephalus, Giinther.-..........--.-.-------sescee---se- 2569 ote OCCIOENLALIS, (x 000.0,05 BEAN... 2. .-s5.5s 5255 c cose ponuwe pasacs 2570 Genus 990. Mossleys, Goode do Bean: -.- - 2-22 ons 6 a Soak oa vec ccnecse 2570 Meme DIS Nae DOLh)= tees ns oo epee sie se esne aeenmemedm ase sne 2570 Genus 1000) Nematonuran, Gunther: 2.225.242. s-52)-5 sl od-bbdewee censce 2571 DORE) DION (GIERENOL) vase Sao pe ia hn Acts uo eticed Soot e a euetas acces 2571 2947. suborbitalis (Gills Rownsend) 2.5 « - acon oc on doce sabe seat Cans 2572 Genus 1001. Albatrossia, Jordan & Evermann.-............------:-.---- 2573 2o45-— Secteralin, (GiMPERiee ses sc ico oo sb aie ee oilk lateness eee 2573 Genus 1002. Bogoslovius, Jordan & Evermann..-.--...--.-.....---------- 2574 2949", clarki, Jordan & Gwnents. 5.2 os. SS. ds: sees = eR 2575 3030——II XVIII CONTENTS. CLASS II. PISCES—Continued. ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. Family COXV. Macrouride—Continued. Page. 2950. firmisquamis (Gill & Townsend) ....-.-...-... Bape ciccenics Be ie Genus 1003. Chalinura, Goode & Bean. - <2. --seccenes- sees 2576 2951. serrula, Bean. 22.62.66 6-2 < ences = seem eas sae a 2576 2952, filifera, Gilbert<< 2. 5.2.0. scicec aneeen les oe me vista eee ees 2577 2958. simula, Goode & Bean. -.- 2. -. 22s 6scecenteeae vent case aaege eee 2578 Genus 1004. Coryhnoides, Gunner.--- 5.5525 - - sen eee ee eee 2578 2954. rupestris, Gunner. ..2---o assesses eee eb eases oes 2579 2955. carapinus, Goode & Bean - 2... <2 pe ene ncaa se see 2579 Genus 1005. Hymenocephalus, Giglioli.....------. 250.2. 0cccccecenccnnse 2580 2956. cavernosus (Goode & Bean)... .2.) . 25 25.co5.caessueeeee eee 2580 Genus 1006: Macrourus; Bloch. ....2.......2jocesec ces eees Sees 2581 2957. berglax, Lacépéde........--..+.2.+--=-cccsts<=-== =e see 2582 2958. holotrachys, Gtinther......... 2... cc. eee cee csen eee a eee 2610 2976. hippoglossoides (Walbaum)....-.-..------------sees------0e eee 2611 Genus 1015. Hippoglossus, Cuvier -.....----------------++--++e-++--200- 2611 2977. hippoglossus (Linnieus).-....---.-----+-+++--+- e222 22+ eee eee 2611 Genus 1016. Lyopsetta, Jordan & Goss .--------------------------------- 2612 2978. exilis (Jordan & Gilbert)-.---.- cd aacb on Jccche = aaeee keen 2612 Genus 1017. Eopsetta, Jordan & Gos8.....-----0+------ 002-0222 --- ene 2613 2979. jordani (Lockington) ..-........-26---- 220-0 sees esnensessuseeses 2613 Genus 1018. Hippoglossoides, Gottsche -.....-...-.---+---+++-++2-------- 2614 2980. platessoides (Fabricius) .-..--.-..---------1----+-+++-+++----+---- 2614 2981. elassodon, Jordan & Gilbert. ........-.-.-.---------+-0-------- 2615 2982. robustus, Gill & Townsend ...........---- sa dude ses ee mee ee eee 2983. hamiltoni, Jordan & Gilbert ...-...---.--------eeeennsseeeeeee 2616 CONTENTS. / xIx CLASS III. PISCES—Continued. ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Cuntinued. Family COXIX. Plewronectide—Continued. Page. Genus 1019. Psettichthys, Girard -...-.......-....--.- Boece aoe secownes 2617 20s IM OMMOB TICLES. GAL ARG = 399293 en noon p oedatecas sae ae Semen ene = 2618 Genus 1020. Verasper, Jordan & Gilbert.-.--...--- ee te tae Se oe 2618 BUS MOSCTIi el OFM ali G5) GILL DONG: 22 tae < ee ciemte ot ee eatlotins oes sehen eas 2619 Genus 1021. Hippoglossina, Steindachner-..-.............----.------- ---- 2620 2986. stomata, Eigenmann & Eigenmann ........-.------------------ 2620 2987, IACLOpSs, leindachner =. 5.22505 ease ae eee een ae ae Becyatioe 2621 ose; Dolmant, Gilbert: $222: 52.3 oe ee ee aw cae a eo cennee ee ae a2 2621 (enns 1022. iomlossina Meter. qcsseeae aos eae nem ee ean ee ae = a 2622 2ug9> tesrophihalmng.. Goll Patieess—a- + sawn eee p sa oc een one 2622 Genus 1023. Xystreurys, Jordan & Gilbert .......-.-.--...-..----------- 2623 2990: olepis,, siordan: ds Gilbert -=>-- sss -f2-a-aSeees2-sc esos eee o- 3 2623 Genns 1074 Paraliehthys, Girard 2222. s50.a>secue acne wncccocecnce an sas 2624 Paola OLIN COS CAU TOS) mac « cstscits isla haa anaes ate Set naee sees ae 2625 2991(a). Paralichthys magdalenz, Abbott.........-...-...-...------- 2872 Zoo Ee Sbnaritie, (Gal percice SCONGIE oo oe cl< bee los cotw snare eeaccosew ce 2626 OOS Me PrAsiiensis! (Manali) tons oa lak. soos oo oe even cee wiane oboe soos as cce 2626 PONS = SINBIOM es OLOAT Ge “A DDOUpe = = an < ns J. <2 Sea os oceans wean om 2627, 2872 B99n- woolmanih: FOr alt te /W UN AIIS = 25552520 Sa cence sera wee one nee 2628 2596; dentatus'(Limneus) --2-.----2Sossecess cbse eet Soc ewadec. cee 2629 2997. lethostigmus, Jordan & Gilbert.............--..-.2+----------- 2630 2998. squamilentus, Jordan & Gilbert.....--....---.-....--------- -- 2631 A059: ALDI PULLS, POrOAN ds GNDCEL. on 52252006 c= cect ecw cceemeeancacs2 SOL SA PaALON is (av R Lett) ees a The ate aad awe eee a an oan ana 2632 Genus 1025. Ramularia, Jordan & Evermann ..........--.....-----..---- 2633 ML CHONU Er nIGnG MNCL) 2 ion aes ee ese eae cs acee saa suse oscecce carne 2633 ens 02h. ANC VIONEO LIA, Gil soon ees e samc ~ anna cace nasa anaes ance 2634 Ba UACEOCOM ALI tl 22 oe ewe ta sass cceo eae serk weed ent == sn eann oes 2634 Genus 1027. Notasema, Goode .& Bean-= >. .2. 5.22.6 - 2-22 525-5 ns wenn. sien 2635 S003. dilectom, Goodeiee enn cscohe> alae. sade ates c= caos cee asics owen 2635 Genus 1078 Gastropsehha, eA. BOA = .cnscencss~ coon sade snse ccdece conn se 2636 UEP IN EL? eR on eh eee Sow nes ae suconwsdate soe 2636 Gens iled. EP eneonignunyn, GairaNG) 222 sec sme scsscusc sade csceccueases>>- 2637 J003. decurrens, dOrdan as GiUDErt.- .-2.5-2-. 66s occct ee sce cee se stan sss 2637 SNGGs VeruGalis ad Ordanad: GLLDGEG 02 222- -s20<0 olen ten ccdoc-sssacceness 2638 BOUT A COSNONTIS ModE AO cc es ons dem inewacsee eee Tt Cet OEP Ee 2638 Genus 1030- Peypsopsetus, Gill co5 nono ce ae cae ce neenaennances==~- 2009 AU EEG TPE EN (Bn tN eee eae Oe pea aa Seen 2639 CSYELIDS) UST epee yew Ao) Sa ties tt Me ae ee ae a ee 2640 MEME MLAS? CeItai: soo. acoso 5 oops ose aw co woes wake eet Se nere 2640 Genus 1032. Inopsetta, Jordan & Goss ..--..---..-........--------------- 2641 SOLU Home (Ponda te GILDOrk)s-- > s--2 ence = omens aneanansoencss-- ~~ 2641 Genus 1033. Isopsetia, Lockington.-.....2..-..----------------00-------- 2642 SRS TGS (GLE Teer hey a) Te ae a ee ee 2642 ennstOs47 HO MmaOpsG lity Gulls. 2. -2c-cec econo occ ate cececeen sen cen-n== - 2642 BOM. elimed ad (AVEO) <= -<.- 2 -~ on - no cee ne nec awn or eaneedsoson~amnnes = 2643 (Sear OS are yo ee a eee eee te 2644 AUIS Sherr 9 ST rtd ese ae ee te ea ee Snr ae ee 2644 Snes HRT (CE 12S) Me eS ee ae ine eo eee ea 2615 S0LS a PEGHOsouina tea ROPh) ~~ eae eee nine ono «here mwa wan 2645 STAC gl eT Ger tt hla 2 oe ee Se a el Se ea ae oS 2646 Genus 1036. Pseudopleuronectes, Bleeker-......----.--------------------- 2646 S017. anIerieanun (Wika es o-oo oceee nem e mace mem em mae 2647 S018) DM tAn ea bos CeMOE era an 8 = = coe ele nae oe ee 2647 Genus 1037. Pleuronectes (Artedi) Linnzus -..-.------------------------ 2648 3019. quadrituberculatus, Pallas ...:......----..262see-2--0----------- 2648 xx CONTENTS. CLASS III. PISCES—Continued. ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. Family CCXIX. Pleuronectide —Continued. Page. Genus: 1038. Liopsetta, Gill .- 2. in. ec eee ones eee eee 2649 3020. glacialis (Pallas)... ..-.-..2--02 0 00cs.cs=cses>=e==5s = =ee 2649 3021. putmami (Gill) -.-----.---------- 22-22 nen secre een en nes 2650 3022; obsctira, (Herzenstein) Jo 222. -scercac ss sseee- ee eee eee eee 2651 Genus 1039. Platichthys, Girard): ..< 22. 5-2-0. <6 o.oo «eee ee 2651 3023. stellatus:. (Pallas). 5...-- <<. -.--c-cessceensseseeee =e 2652 Genus 1040. Microstomus, Gottsche: - 2.222.222 722522 occ seen eee 2653 3024. Kitt (Walbaum) ... 2 0o2 < vs seems sae 2657 3028. zachirus, Lockington.-.-.--..--<- sons<0 6 2oo> sone ee 2658 Genus 1043. Lophopsetta, Gill. --... 5... i). oe ene 2659 3029. maculata (Mitebill).. ....2.5.205-sss0cmsec snes c= wile eee et ee 2660 Genus 1044. Platophrys, Swainson.......-....----- 22.022 - ese cneeen=ae 2660 3030> spimosus \(POCY) 22 o-oo a oe ae ee oe ee ee 2662 3031. constellatus, Jordan. ~~... cscs snn6 sence ens see 2663 3032., ocellatus (A: GasBi2Z) a6 csesesncsma snes eee ace pee nee 2663 3033: matulifer (Poey,)) 2 20-5025> dsc sence oe eee Josie coe stoma 2664 3034. ellipticus (Poey)------.-2- 2-25. 6s cceese sss sa5 eee eee ene 2665 3035. lunatus)(Linmdus), << 22 sce ccs <2 oe neo oe eee ee ee 2665 3036: leopardinus (Gtmther)---- 222.02. - (Sessa seen eee ee 2666 Genus 1045. Perissias, Jordan & Evermann.....- EP ee eee 2667 3037.. teniopterus (Gilbert), 5. - 22.2: 2. cece oSoase cone 2667 Genus 1046. Engyophrys, Jordan & Bollman .........-.-.---.----------- 2668 3038. sancti-laurentii, Jordan & Bollman ....:.-.....--.1.......2---. 2668 Genus 1047. Trichopsetta, Gille - 22-22 2on es oo eee ee 2669 3039. ventralis (Goode & Bean)...-..-- 2 oc 22- nea eee ae eee 2669 Genus 1048.-Syacium, Ranzani: -.-. 2.05. < 2s: 20 cee semes eee eee 2670 3040. papillosum: (Linnus) 2. <<. 25.5 oo. 65-0 .cee see =e eee 2671 3041. micrurum, Ranzani---.-.. 2.2.22. sssc-esesose=p== ee =e 2672 3042. latifrons (Jordan & Gilbert) ....... 22% . 2685 3059. gilberti, Jenkins & Evermann ..........---.-- ec ucee~eseeeemaee 2686 CONTENTS. XxI CLASS III. PISCES—Continned. ORDER BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Continued. Family CCXIX. Plenronectide—Continued. Page. Genus 1052. Etropns, Jordan & Gilbert.--.....2.22-.22--c2--csecesccsss- 2687 3060! MNerestomns (Gall) cease eet pp dot ara nis bkee select ane e ce. eee 2687 J0GI. Trimosus \Gooue <7 Gan va 2228 he ie ae ee Seen eaaewoee ns 2688 3062, /Crogsouus, Jordan ds Gilbenhs assac0- ceeds tac he seen dcou sees ae 2689 Genus d0s3-. Monolene.Godes<. =< !44en ete ewes he was Seow we 2690 3063: Sessilicanda: Goode -.2- -< fe soss eee =p Anse te ae kas eecsuc 2691 3064; atrimana, Goode-& Bean:=-.ccoJ2.¢ + Leek Steen. le shoes! Seb 2692 ABT CY NOL XOX. 0 SOLCIUE. ta see con adaeee eS Pe aoe eeeadins eee ete ates wakes. 2692 (eens l0p4.. Achirns, ac6peteesneccm «sense. saan see eee e ee esas ence 2693 Subgenus, balostoma. Dean 55-2 - Saas as aon sc uje se cose cie neweisoe sawiete eee: 2695 BUGa?, AC DICE: (Ia HS) ac eee ac da ela nc ods sa Shae eee sense ee Saas 2695 3066, inseriptus, GOshE-. 2252-2 ---'==e~st PA Acre teecet sa seaerewe ee 2696 3067. klunzingeri (Steindachner) -.--...-----.--.- fe Seas a baie be cw deca ae 2697 SUBS PISA HA CLINIC UME tes =o. So saeutia ts os SaaS bad wed eco des Cok 2697 BUC INSZ7Ab ans (StORMnaC NNEP))2 on eect eee tes caaaeeesicwalcicckicmce 2698 Dit LONSOCONAIE (Gutinet bs. 2-46 Jc emeides den cn dae Soca to lees 2699 a07L fischeri (Stemdachneryies. <= soccc eto encehsn.scih- cee 2S ee ame 2699 BUGe eS ROAIE ID (RONEN) 2 -ncpcamm nn okie ones aalcbanes mnt aaalseS cian ct 2700 Scr ONES ae DINU Sess ae ee las eae es ieee einai e = ete Wine = 2700 3073. fimbriatus (Giinther)......- meee ee = Melee ee Sea e amas dase aie 2700 BVT ie Sven nrigy Were) eG) Gy Ee Es SAREE Ae ea eee cys apace 2700 3075. .panamensis (Stemmdachner):= ~..- <2. 25655 - ade se cere csc concn 2702 Gengsi0ao: AMOmCntn ys, hop). = seen ol soem woes ene tenons se eens ann 2702 SUD LU NECOUIT Gr TENU NOL) | = 25ers eres oe an ciao eclswean = clan mene ane ac ness 2702 Genusuldoh Gymnachinns, Kany .'5.5..s2<<.< cess s-i safer ne awecwescceescae 2703 DISCAL ioe om NUnEM oS 2. tees see Hocus maadwoh pees okt anhem soe 2703 Genvsl0ol, Syimphurds,, WANES QUe-—- cs = a5 2 -c sc ~ edae sare doe soso sess 2704 PS Vetie Shari hors Ge Reese ee Ore Sone Stee Sere aen ae eee 2705 See EOI (Gr OGG, & OS) ae an nan oad eelce a arin Secmena nat ae ai 2705 3079. marginatus (Goode & Bean) ..-.--.......----2---<---00-ccencees 2706 3080:. atramentatas, Jordan & Bollman ..:---.-...-...2.sesecctseneee 2706 BORG ESSE TS 2) ee el a 2707 BUS elOn Os Ga (CNG)! ale oue= aie an eee ae So sen = see eee beeen 2707 DOSao. AUMICHMOIA. (NOrGaAl. Guill POLL) .2- Casas avesencpeencetermecceess 2707 a054, leer, d ordam o BollmMan (ios. sans msec ess nae's sso acsncccnecensas< 2708 3085. plarusia (Bloch & Sohneider) ---- <<... oc cceccecccnccescewescnes 2709 3086. plagiusa (Linnzus) ....-...-----.---- see at ca sae can sacene 2710 Sue. pasiins: (Goode &iBean) o22--5.< 05620 -saseticnctemes se smceneone 3 2710 BUSS. diomedeanns: (Goode BOaN) |. = o= see 25- oc ence on none mcomseascess 2711 3089. williamsi, Jordan & Culver... .-.....2s0:---c-ce--e- See eoncscese 2711 SRR ConA COMI ORGANS ian kA nee pe i tan ai en ee sada sae =< 2712 BUOUs NEDOSHA (GON0R Gs BORN soo oac cco aanis cn mealccwoesnwcancss ccs 2712 BaTiO EEC RLU AIE Es tetas ann) Sa ao oa Seis aha a acincis Semin a seeean sam ewodan see = 2712 LEPTIN OS BONG. BT EGC 17 RNA A ee ee eee eS 2713 Genns0hs.tophins (Artedi)y Linnius. a a> can neo coses-keeacsensoetege ar cara one 2716 S094, aba) CMNIGGHIY eee ae wane onc one wns c a on oseeweccnseccussa nee 2717 Genus 1061. Antennarius, Lacépéde.-...--..-...-....--.--0---.2-25------ 2717 BUGS. BOOTS aL OGy een Eene seeieae aera. aaa cata selene semi ciaees ae oee 2718 3096: principis (Cuvier & Valenciennes) .-......-..------..---------- 2719 BUTE syite) tr Seti ft (RUT a | Ae a te ieee eee 2719 XXII CONTENTS. CLASS III. PISCES—Continued. OrDER CC. PrpicuLATi—Continued. Family OOXXII. Antennariide—Continued. Page. 3098: reticularis, Gilbert .......-0sccsc0<-cencccctevsmesshe ela eee 2719 3099. strigatus, Gill..-.-..--...----0stenese- 0 bee senenese sens aeeeeee 2720 3100. sanguineus, Gill.....--------------.--..--- “(male jn an as oe = 2721 3101. ocellatus (Bloch & Schneider) .<------.-2..-..s00s.c-secemeeeeee 2721 3102. scaber (Cuvier) ----...- >see tele eae ace escent. «k= ee se eee 2722 3103: tigris, Po@y) .--.- - 2. e< c= = oem aaa melee le ee 2723 3104. nuttingil, Garman Osh = ee ee 2867 Alectrias, Jordan & Evermann.-----<<:- 5.5 - sete ene ee ne eee ae 2869 Furcimanus, Jordan & Evermann....-...-..- 62<.--<2 =e 2872 Paralichthys sinaloz, Jordan & Abbott -.. 2.2 -< 22.255 cceccc nse ves eeee eee een eee 2872 THE FISHES OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. BY DAVID STARR JORDAN AND BARTON WARREN EVERMANN. PART LE. PREFATORY NOTE. This volume is the third of a descriptive catalogue of the fishes and fish-like vertebrates of North and Middle America. For the sake of greater completeness the marine fishes of the Galapagos Islands and the ‘South American coast north of the equator have been included, as all of these are sure, sooner or later, to be found within our limits. For the same reason the few species known from Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands are included as a part of the fauna of the Alaskan Sea. The pagination and the numbering of the species, genera, and higher groups are continuous throughont the three parts. Part I, Branchiostomatide to Priacanthide inclusive (pages 1 to 1240), was published October 3, 1896; Part II, Lutianide to Cephalacanthida inclusive (pages 1241 to 2183), was published October 3, 1898; and Part III, Callionymida to Ogcocephalidw appears on November 26, 1898. Parts I, II, and III have each their own table of contents, while in Part IV (the Atlas) is given a table of contents complete for the entire work and cor- rected to include the Addenda. The present part includes also an artificial key to the families of true fishes, an addendum containing species overlooked or described subse- quently to the publication or casting of the part to which they belong, a glossary of scientific terms, and a general index complete for the entire work. A fourth volume, or Atlas of plates, containing illustrations of one or more species of each of the more important genera, will follow within the year. The preparation of the manuscript for this work was begun by the senior author in 1891. In 1893 the junior author became associated with him, and since then both have given to it such of their time and energy as could be spared from engrossing official duties to which systematic ichthyology bears no relation. The insertion of the comma between generic and specific names and the authorities for them, as practiced in this publication, is in accordance with the views held by the authorities of the United States National Museum, and does not express the views of the authors of this work. 21834 2184 Builetin 47, United States National Museum. Class PISCES—Concluded. Subelass TELEOSTOMI—Concluded. Order BB. ACANTHOPTERI—Conciuded. Group GOBIOIDEA. (THE GOBIES.) Body elongate, variously scaled or naked; head usually large, armed or not, the suborbital ring without a bony stay for the preopercle; gill openings reduced, the membranes attached to the isthmus. Gills 4, a slit behind the last; pseudobranchize present. Ventral rays I, 4 or I, 5, inserted below pectoral, the fins close together or united or widely sepa- rated or otherwise peculiar; dorsal fins separate or united, the first of a few weak spines, sometimes wanting; anal rather long, usually with a single weak spine, similar to soft dorsal; caudal rounded. Usually no air bladder nor pyloric cwca. Vertebre 24 to 35. Carnivorous bottom fishes, mostly of small size in warm regions, some marine, others of the fresh waters. Two families. : a. Ventral fins widely separated; preopercle strongly armed; lateral line present. CALLIONYMID, CLXXXVII. aa. Ventral fins close together, usually united; preopercle with a weak spine or none; no lateral-line. GOBUDZ, CLXXXVIII. Family CLXXXVII. CALLIONYMIDA. (THE DRAGONETS.) Body elongate, naked; head usually broad and depressed; the mouth narrow, the upper jaw very protractile; teeth very small, in jaws only; preopercle armed with a strong spine, which is usually branched. Eyes moderate, usually directed upward. Lateral line present, often dupli- cated. Dorsal fins 2, the anterior with 3 or 4 flexible spines; soft dorsal and anal short, the latter without distinct spine; ventrals I, 5, widely separated from each other; pectoral fins large. Gill openings small, the membranes broadly attached to the isthmus; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; pseudobranchie present; no air bladder. Vertebre usually 8+13—21. Small fishes of the shores of warm seas, chiefly of the old world. Allied to the Gobies, but often resembling the Cottide in form. Genera 4, species about 30. (Gobiide Callionymina, Giinther, Cat. Fishes, I1I, 138-152. ) a. Ventrals entire, the outer ray not detached; head depressed; gill opening reduced to a very small foramen on upper surface of head; lateral line single. CALLIONYMts, 799. NTS ans Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2185 799. CALLIONYMUS, Linnzus. Callionymus, LINN2US, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 249, 1758 (lyra). This genus includes Dragonets with the ventral fins entire, without de- tached ray, the gill opening reduced to a small foramen opening upward, and the lateral line single; head triangular, depressed; eyes directed up- ward; preopercular spine very large; sexual differences strongly marked. Species numerous, living on sea bottoms at some depth. (dAAz¢, beauty; oOvoua, name.) : a. Dorsal rays IV, 8 or 9; anal rays 8; some of the dorsal spines filamentous. b. Preopercular spine very long, armed with about 9 hooks or spinules; caudal not filamentous. : BAIRDI, 2511. bb. Preopercular spine strong, bifurcate; caudal fin more or less produced or fila- mentous. HIMANTOPHORUS, 2512, aa. Dorsal rays III, 6 or IV,6; anal rays 4. ec. Preopercular spine with 2 barbs, the anterior turned forward; body with white spots. CALLIURUS, 2513. ec. Preopercular spine with 3 teeth above, ending in an acute point. PAUCIRADIATUS, 2514, 2511. CALLIONYMUS BAIRDI, Jordan. Head 33; depth 94. D.IV,9; A.8. Body long and low, very slender, the head much depressed, the least depth of the caudal peduncle about equal to the diameter of the eye. Head triangular as viewed from above, its breadth } its length, exclusive of the preopercular spine. Snout blunt- ish as seen from above, sharp in profile, its outline straight and moderately steep until above the eyes; profile behind the eyes considerably depressed. Snout 23 in head to gill opening; eye 4; mouth small, inferior, the maxil- lary reaching front of eye, as long as snout; lower lip conspicuous. Teeth slender, in villiform bands in both jaws, none on vomer. Interor- bital area a simple narrow ridge. Bones of head behind eyes rugose; a low rough tubercle of bare bone above the temporal region on each side, somewhat behind each eye. Preopercular spine very long, as long as eye, its exterior ridge with a single antrorse spinule at its base, its posterior edge with 8 conspicuous hooks turned forward and inward, these growing progressively smaller from the second. Gill opening reduced to a pore at upper posterior angle of opercle, its width rather less than that of pupil. Dorsal spines strong, the first ending in a slender filament, the whole as long as head; second and third spines broken (probably each with a short filament in life, as a short filament is still present on the fourth spine) ; fourth spine well behind third (leaving room for another spine, although no trace of such spine is present); soft dorsal high, most of its rays slightly filamentous at tip, the longest about # head; caudal subtruncate, not filamentous, about as long as head to base of preopercular spine; anal fin rather high, the length of its base 3 in body; pectorals about as long as ventrals, each as long as head without preopercular spine. Lateral line single. Color light grayish, mottled or spotted with yellowish and dark brown; cheeks with steel-bluish spots; first dorsal with dusky retic- ulations around pale gray spots; second dorsal and caudal with nar- 3030——60 2186 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. row dusky cross streaks; anal with its posterior half chiefly biack, the anterior pale; ventrals black; pectorals pale. Type, a specimen 44 inches long, in good condition, from the ‘‘spewings” of a Snapper or a Grouper (Neomenis aya or Epinephelus morio), taken on the Snapper Banks, be- tween Pensacola and Tampa; 1 other specimen known. (‘I have named this species for Prof. Spencer F. Baird, to whom I have been indebted for aids of many kinds in connection with my studies of American fishes.” Jordan.) Callionymus bairdi, JORDAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1887, 501, Snapper Banks off Pensa- cola. (Type, No.39300. Coll. Silas Stearns.) 2512. CALLIONYMUS HIMANTOPHORUS, Goode & Bean. Head 34; depth of head equal to length of its postorbital portion or to greatest depth of body. Greatest depth of body at the head and the ante- rior portion of the trunk. D.IV,8; A. 8; P.19; V.1,5. Body slender, moderately elongate, fins all well developed, the tail tapering and with some of its rays produced into a filament. Caudal peduncle very slen- der, the least height of tail scarcely more than } greatest height of body. Profile descending very rapidly at snout. Mouth small and the intermaxil- lary very protractile, but may be almost entirely concealed under the pre- orbitals. Intermaxillary reaching to front of orbit. Maxillary a roundish, slender bone, extending backward to end of intermaxillary. Mandible about as long as eye, extending to vertical through front of pupil. Teeth in villiform bands on intermaxillary and mandible. Interorbital space very narrow, less than } length of eye, which is 14 times as long as snout and nearly 4 of total without caudal. A strong bifurcated spine at angle of the preoperculum extending backward slightly beyond the gill open- ing; length of this spine at its upper articulation } length of eye. Gill opening reduced to a small slit, placed at a distance behind eye about equaling length of eye and above median line of body. Skin naked. Lateral line abruptly arched over gill opening and connected across nape with its fellow of the opposite side. Spinous dorsal somewhat elevated in front, the first spine nearly twice as long as last, its length about } total length of caudal; sixth and seventh rays longest, their length nearly equaling that of base of fin; caudal consisting of 4 simple and 8 divided rays; of the divided rays the fifth and sixth are the longest, the lower portion of the fifth and the upper portion of the sixth being produced into a filament, making these rays as long as the distance from the tip of the intermaxillary to the fourth anal ray. It is worthy of remark that in another example of the same species and of about the same size as the type, the sixth of the divided rays alone contributes to form the filament; and in a young example, about + as large as the type, the first dorsal spine when laid back reaches to the end of soft dorsal. Some of the numerous examples of this species have none of the cau- dal rays much produced, even in large individuals. Anal fin beginning directly under third ray of soft dorsal, its rays increasing in length to the sixth, which is the longest and twicé as long as the first, its length 5} Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2187 in total without caudal. All the rays simple except the last, which is divided. The pectoral beginning under middle of spinous dorsal and extending to below the fifth ray of the soft dorsal, its rays all simple. The ventral base overlapping lower extremity of pectoral base, its origin under the gill opening. The fourth and longest ray equaling } of total length without caudal. A small but distinct anal papilla. Color gener- ally light brown, the back with numerous narrow streaks and blotches of slightly darker brown; a dark blotch on membrane between the third and fourth dorsal spines, in some cases occupying nearly all the mem- brane, in other cases more limited and nearly elliptical in shape; anal with a broad subvertical dark band, the tips of rays and a small area of the membrane behind each ray pale; the lower caudal lobe with a nar- row submarginal dark band; ventral with 2 indistinct narrow dark bands on its outer half. From Blake Station XXX, off Barbados, in 209 fathoms; Station CLXXX, at 137 fathoms; Station XXXIII, off Santa Cruz, at 115 fathoms; Station 2CCXVI, at 119 fathoms; Station CCXXX, at 84 fathoms. (Zuas, whip; ¢opé@, bear.) Callionymus himantophorus,* GOODE & BEAN, Ocean. Ichth., 296, pl. LXxvI, figs. 268, 268a, b, 1896, off Barbados, 2513. CALLIONYMUS CALLIURUS, Eigenmann & Eigenmann. Head 3} to tip of opercular spine (5 in total); depth 7(9). D.IV,6; A. 4. Body flat below, the ventral surface bordered on each side with a fold of skin which is wider than the pupil; a single lateral line; diameter of eye equaling length of snout, 3} in head; maxillary not extending to eye; preopercular spine with 2 barbs above, the anterior one larger and turned forward; gill opening a minute foramen opening upward. The last dorsal ray equaling length of head, and the first dorsal spine reach- ing its tip when the fin is depressed; ventral fins connected by a broad membrane to the middle of the outer pectoral region; pectoral fins as long as the head. Cheeks, opercles, connecting membrane of ventral fins and antepectoral region with milk-white spots; lower jaw black near the rictus; a series of black dots on branchiostegal membranes, 1 or 2 similar dots in front of pectorals, 2 on the cheek forming a series with the second branchiostegal spot; 4 black spots on the marginal membrane of the belly, other black spots above it; lower half of body with numerous dirty white spots; pectorals transparent, ventrals dusky; membrane of anal sprinkled with minute black points aggregated into black spots in places, and with opaque white spots; caudal transparent, having minute points, its upper half with opaque milk-white bars running obliquely downward and backward from ray to ray; lower half with interrupted longitudinal lines of opaque white, alternating with black spots; dorsal transparent, with white and dark dots most conspicuous between last rays; body marbled with light and darker. Key West, Florida; 1 speci- men dredged in 5 fathoms. (xcAAos, beauty; dvpd, tail.) Callionymus calliurus, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 76, South Beach, Key West. (Type, No. 26265. M.C. Z.) * The species was listed by Eigenmann, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 2d ser. 1,78, as ‘‘ Callionymus agassizii, Goode & Bean,” a name only, accompanied by no description. 2188 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2514. CALLIONYMUS PAUCIRADIATUS, Gill. “DP, Ill, 6; A. 4. The preopercular spine is armed with three teeth above and terminates in an acute point.” (Gill.) Matanzas, Cuba; an imperfectly described species, known only from the above note. ( pauci, few; radiatus, rayed.) Callionymus pauciradiatus, GILL, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vit, 1865, 143, Matanzas, Cuba. Family CLXXXVIII. GOBIIDZ. (THE GOBIES.) Body oblong or elongate, naked or covered with ctenoid or cycloid scales. Dentition various, the teeth generally small; premaxillaries pro- tractile; suborbital without bony stay. Skin of head continuous with covering of eyes. Opercle unarmed; preopercle unarmed or with a short spine; pseudobranchie present. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; gill membranes united to the isthmus, the gill openings thus restricted to the sides. No lateral line. Dorsal fins separate or connected, the spinous dorsal least developed, of 2 to 8 flexible spines, rarely wanting; anal usu- ally with a single weak spine, similar to the soft dorsal; ventral fins close together, separate or fully united, each composed of a short spine and 5 (rarely 4) soft rays, the inner rays longest; the ventral fins, when united, form a sucking disk, a cross fold of skin at their base completing the cup; caudal fin convex; anal papilla prominent. No pyloric ceca; usually no air bladder. Carnivorous fishes, mostly of small size, living on the bot- toms near the shores in warm regions. Some inhabit fresh waters, and others live indiscriminately in either fresh or salt water. Many of them bury in the mud of estuaries. Few of them are large enough to be of much value as food. Genera about 80; species nearly 600. The species are for the most part easily recognized, but their arrangement in genera isa matter of extreme difficulty. Until the multitude of Asiatic forms are critically studied, any definition of the American genera must be ten- tative only. (Gobiidw, part; groups Gobiina, Amblyopina, and Trypauche- nina, Giinther, Cat. Fishes, 111, 1-138.) ANALYSIS OF GENERA OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDZE. a. Ventral fins separate; body scaly. OXYMETOPONTINZE: b. Ventral rays I, 4. c. Forehead bluntly rounded, without sharp keel: tongue very slender, sharp; body elongate, compressed, covered with very small scales; head short, compressed, rather broad above; mouth oblique, the lower jaw projecting; teeth in few series, some of them canine-like; isthmus narrow. Dorsals separate, the first of 6 slender spines; soft dorsal and anal elongate; caudal lanceolate. LoGLossvs, 800. ELEOTRIDIN2: bb. Ventral rays I, 5. d. YVomer with a broad patch of villiform teeth; gill openings extending for- ward to below posterior angle of mouth, the isthmus thus very narrow; Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2189 teeth villiform, the outer scarcely enlarged; vertebrae 12+ 13 (dormitor) ; skull above with conspicuous elevated ridges, one of these bounding the orbit above, the orbital ridges connected posteriorly above by a strong cross ridge; a sharp longitudinal ridge on each side of the occipital, the two nearly parallel, the post-temporals being attached to the pos- terior ends. Insertions of post-temporals widely separated, the dis- tance between them greater than the rather narrow interorbital width ; the post-temporal bones little divergent; top of head depressed, both before and behind the cross ridge between eyes; a flattish triangular area between this and the little elevated supraoccipital region; pre- opercle without spines; lower pharyngeals with slender, depressible teeth, and without lamelliform appendages; scales of moderate size, ctenoid. : PHILYPNUs, 801. dd. Vomer without teeth; isthmus broad; gill openings scarcely extending for- ward below to posterior angle of preopercle; skull without crests. e. Body scaly, both anteriorly and posteriorly. Jf. Lower pharyngeal teeth stiff and blunt; the bones with an outer series of broad flexible lamelliform appendages, which are rudimentary gill filaments; body short and elevated; teeth slender, those in the outer row scarcely larger, and movable; top of head without raised crests, flattish, its surface uneven; post-temporal bones rather strongly diverging, the distance between their insertions about 4 the broad flattish interorbital space; no spine on preopercle or branchiostegals; scales large, etenoid. Species herbivorous. DORMITATOR, 802. jf. Lower pharyngeals normal, subtriangular, the teeth stiff, villi- form, no lamelliform appendages; scales of moderate or small size; body oblong or elongate. g- Body moderately robust, the depth 4 to 54 times in the length to base of candal; scales ectenoid; cranium without dis- tinct median keel; a small supraoccipital crest. h. Post-temporal bones little divergent, not inserted close together, the distance between their insertions greater than the moderate interorbital space, or 4 in length of head; top of skull little gibbous; lower pharyngeals narrower than in Lleotris; pre- opercle without spine; scales very small, about 110 in a longitudinal series. Vertebr 11+ 13; teeth moderate, the outer series on lower jaw enlarged. GUAVINA, 803. hh. Post-temporal bones very strongly divergent, their in- sertions close together, the distance between them about 2 the narrow interorbital space, and less than -4+ length of head; top of skull somewhat elevated and declivous; interorbital area somewhat convex transversely ; lower pharyngeals rather broad, the teeth bluntish; preopercle with partly concealed spine directed downwards and forward at its angle; scales moderate, 45 to 60 in a longitudinal series; vertebre (pisonis) 11 + 15; teeth small. ELEOTRIS, 804. gg. Body very slender, elongate, the depth 8 to 9 times in length to base of caudal; scales very small, cycloid. t. Preopercle with a partly concealed antrorse hook at its angle; caudal with numerous accessory rays at base. ALEXURUS, 805. 2190 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, ii. Preopercle without spine; caudal without many acces- sory rays at base; post-temporal hones short, strongly divergent, the distance between their insertions about equal to the narrow interorbital space, or abont 3 length of head; top of head with a strong median keel, which is highest on the occi- pital region; no supraoccipital crest; mouth very oblique; the teeth small. EROTELIS, 806. ee. Body naked onthe anterior part; head naked; lower jaw with 4 larger recurved teeth. GYMNELEOTRIS, 807. eee. Body entirely naked. CHRIOLEPIS, 808. aa. Ventral fins united. j. Dorsal fins separate, free from caudal. ss SICYDIINZ : k. Ventral disk short, adnate to belly; body subcylindrical, covered with ctenoid scales; lips very thick; upper teeth mostly small and movable, lower fixed ; dorsal spines 6. l. Teeth simple; no canines in front of lower jaw. Sicypium, 809. ll. Teeth trifid (or bifid) ; no canines in front of lower jaw. CoTyLopus, 810. GOBIINZ: kk. Ventral disk free from the belly. m. Dorsal spines 4 to 8; eyes well developed. n. Teeth emarginate, uniserial, those of the lower jaw nearly hori- zontal; dorsal spines 6; scales large, ctenoid; gill openings moderate. EVORTHODUS, 811. nn. Teeth simple. o. Body scaly, more or less. p. Maxillary normal, not prolonged behind the rictus; skull of the usual gobioid form, comparatively short and abruptly broadened behind the orbits; occiput depressed; supraoccipital and temporal ridges continuous. q. Dorsal spines 6; scales evidently ctenoid; head naked (the nape scaly as usual.) r. Interorbital area anteriorly elevated, with a large foramen-like depression in front of eye; body short, compressed, formed much as in Dormitator; nape with a fleshy crest; scales large. Vertebrie 11+ 15. LopHoGopsivus, 812. rr. Interorbital area not elevated in front; body more elongate; no fleshy nuchal crest; isthmus broad. s. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without fleshy cirri or papille; cranium anteriorly short; interorbital space narrower, grooved, with a low median ridge or none; median crest on cranium low. t. Body scaly anteriorly and poste- riorly (sometimes a naked strip on back or belly). Vertebrie 12+ 16 to10+15. Goptus, 813. ét. Body entirely naked anteriorly, the posterior halfscaled ; scales moderate or small. GARMANNIA, 814. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2191 ee ee ss. Inner edge of shoulder girdle with 2 or 3 conspicuous dermal flaps; pre- orbital region very long; premax- illary and maxillary strong; inter- orbital groove with a conspicuous median crest; scales rather small (45 to 70.) AWwaous, 815. qq. Dorsal spines 7 or 8 (very rarely 6, especially in Eucyclogobius.) wu. Seales large, ctenoid; shoulder girdle with- out dermal flaps. ». Sides of head scaled; soft dorsal and anal rather short, of 11 to 14 rays each; deep-water species. ; BOLLMANNIA, 816. vv. Sides of head naked; soft dorsal and anal short, of 10 to 12 rays each; shore species. ABOMA, 817. uu. Scales very small, cycloid or nearly so. w. Inner edge of shoulder girdie without fleshy processes; head naked; body more or less compressed ; mouth very oblique ; teeth strong; interorbital groove with or with- out a median ridge. Vertebre 11 +-15o0r 16; soft dorsal and anal long, of 15 to 17 rays each. x. Body chiefly scaly, anteriorly as well as posteriorly. : Microcosivs, 818. zz. Body naked anteriorly, scaled posteriorly. ZALYPNUS, 819. ww. Inner edge of shoulder girdle with 2 or3 dermal flaps, or processes, as in Awaous. y. Head naked, the interorbital groove with the median ridge high, not extending forward to orbit; bedy rather robust; soft dorsal and anal short; fresh-water species. EvucycLoGcosivs, 820. yy. Head scaled like the body; the interorbital groove with the median ridge little developed; soft dor- sal and anal long; body elongate; marine species. LEPIDOGOBItS, 821. pp. Maxillary much produced backward, extending beyond the gill opening in the adult; skull com- paratively long, gradually (not abruptly) broad- ened behind orbits; median crest of cranium well developed; scales small, cycloid; head naked, occipital region narrowed forward; supraorbital and temporal crests not continuous. 2192 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. z. Occiput depressed, with a blunt median keel. a’, Shoulder girdle without dermal flaps; dor- sal spines 6; soft dorsal and anal short; mouth very large; isthmus broad; yer- tebree 14 + 16 (mirabilis). ; GILLICHTHYS, 822. aa’. Shoulder girdle with 1 to 3 small dermal flaps on the inner edge; dorsal spines 3 5; soft dorsal and anal long. QUIETULA, 823. zz. Occiput transversely rounded without median keel. b'. Shoulder girdle with 1 to 3 small dermal flaps on its inner edge; dorsal spines 5; soft dorsaland anallong. ILYPNUs, 824. bb’. Shoulder girdle without dermal flaps; dor- sal spines 4 or 5; soft dorsal and anal long. CLEVELANDIA, 825. oo. Body and head entirely naked. ce’. Dorsal spines 4; body long and slender; mouth large, the lower jaw projecting; no barbels; soft dorsal and anal long; male with ornate colors. EVERMANNIA, 826. cc’. Dorsal spines 7 (rarely 6). d’. Chin without barbels; mouth small, little oblique; body robust, soft dorsal and anal short. GOBIOSOMA, 827. dd’. Chin with a fringe of short barbels; mouth terminal, oblique; soft dorsal and anal very short. BARBULIFER, 828. CRYSTALLOGOBIINZE: mm. Dorsal spines 2 (or 1); body wholly naked. e’. Eyes reduced to small rudiments; interorbital area forming a sharp median range; skull rather abruptly widened behind orbits; anterior portion of skull unusally long; no flaps on shoulder girdle; skull highest at nape, depressed above the eyes; soft dorsal and anal short. TYPHLOGOBIUS, 829. GOBIOIDINZE: jj. Dorsal fin continuous, the soft part and the anal joined to base of candal; eyes minute; body elongate; scales minute or wanting; mouth very oblique, the lower jaw projecting; gill openings moderate. f'. Dorsal rays VI, 16 to 23; anal rays 17 to 23. g'. Teeth small, in a single series; scales present. TYNTLASTES, 830. gg'. Teeth in a band, those of the outer series being very strong; scales present. h'. Body entirely sealed. GOBIOIDES, 831. hh'. Anterior part of body naked. CAYENNIA, 832. 800. IOGLOSSUS, Bean. Toglossus, BEAN, in Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 297 (calliurus). Body elongate, strongly compressed, of equal depth throughout, coy- ered with very small, mostly cycloid, scales. Head short, compressed, not keeled above; mouth large, oblique, the lower jaw projecting; teeth in narrow bands or single series, some of them canine; no teeth on yomer or palatines; tongue very slender, sharp; opercles unarmed, Gill openings Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2193 very wide, the membranes narrowly joined to isthmus on median line. No lateral line. Branchiostegals 5. Dorsals separate, the first of 6 very slender, flexible spines; the second elongate, similar to the anal; caudal long and pointed, free from dorsal and anal; ventrals close together, separate, each of 1 spine and 4 rays, their insertion below or behind pec- torals; anal papilla present. A remarkable type, belonging to the Oxyme- topontine, differing widely from our other Gobioid fishes. Gulf of Mexico, in rather deep water. (cos, arrow; yA@66a, tongue.) “ 2515. TOGLOSSUS CALLIURUS, Bean. _ Head 5; depth 7 to 74. D. VI-22 to 24; A.I,21 to 23. Body very elon- gate, slender, much compressed, of equal depth throughout; head com- pressed, without osseous crest; mouth very oblique, the lower jaw strongly projecting; premaxillaries in front on the level with pupil; maxillary extending to opposite front of pupil, its length 2% in head; upper jaw with a narrow band of about 2 series of conical cardiform teeth, those of the outer row much larger than the others, behind these 2 small conical curved canines; lower jaw with a single row of smaller teeth, behind which are about 4 short canines directed somewhat back- ward; the posterior pair strongly curved; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Tongue narrow, pointed. Eye large, nearly twice length of snout, 34 in head, its diameter considerably more than depth of cheek, about 4 more than interorbital width; opercles unarmed. Pseudobranchiz pres- ent. Gill openings wide, extending forward below, the membranes attached mesially to the very narrow isthmus, across which they do not form a fold. Gill rakers long and slender. Dorsal fins separated by a short interval, the first of very slender somewhat filamentous spines, the longest about as long as head; second dorsal little more than 4 as high as first, apparently nearly uniform, separated from the caudal by an interval nearly 4 length of head; caudal lanceolate, its middle rays filamentous, about 4+ the length of rest of body; anal rather high, similar to soft dorsal; ventrals I, 4, inserted very slightly in advance of base of pectorals, the 2 fins very close together, but apparently quite sepa- rate and without basal fold of skin, the fin little longer than head, the inner rays filamentous; pectoral with broad base, about 14 in head. Anal papilla very short, midway between tip of snout and base of caudal. Body with very small, nonimbricate, embedded scales, these a little larger and imbricate on the tail; cheeks with embedded cycloid scales; scales very weakly ctenoid, most of them appearing cycloid; no lateral line. Color light olive, everywhere densely punctate; dorsals edged with black; middle of caudal reddish, with paler bluish edgings. Length 44 inches. Here described from specimens from off Pensacola. Gulfof Mexico; known only from the Snapper Banks off Pensacola, in rather deep water. (xd@AAos, beauty; ovpda, tail.) Togfossus caliiwrus (BEAN MS.), inJoRDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 297, Pen- sacola, Florida; BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882,419; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 949, 1883; JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 437; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 481. 2194 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 801. PHILYPNUS,* Cuvier & Valenciennes. (GUAVINAS. ) Gobiomorus,t LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poias., 11, 699, 1798, in part (dormitor, etc.) ; restricted to dormitor by JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 571; restricted to Gobiomo- rus taiboa, Lacépéde (Valenciennes’ strigata), by GILL, Proc. U.S, Nat, Mus. 1888, 79, in accordance with the law of exclusion. Philypnus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 255, 1837 (dormitator). Lembus, GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes, 1, 505, 1859 (maculatus). Body elongate, terete anteriorly, compressed behind. Head elongate, depressed above. Mouth large; lower jaw considerably projecting; teeth in jaw rather small, slender, recurved, the outer scarcely enlarged; teeth on vomer villiform, in a broad, crescent-shaped patch; gill openings extend- ing forward to below posterior angle of mouth, the isthmus very narrow. Scales moderate, ctenoid, covering most of the head, 55 to 66 in a longitudi- nal series. Dorsal with 6 spines and 9 or 10 rays; anal rays I, 9 or 10; ven- tralsseparate. No preopercular spine; insertion of post-temporals almost midway between occipital crest and edge of skull; parietals with a crest running from insertion of post-temporal forward to just behind eye, where they are connected by a thin, high, transverse crest; supraocular with a short, high crest, extending from above front of eye back to posterior edge of orbit, thence extending outward parallel with the transverse crest, leay- ing a deep groove between them; bony projections before and behind eye prominent. Vertebre 12+ 13—25; lower pharyngeals triangular, with slender teeth. Largest of the Gobies, some of the species reaching a length of 2 or 3 feet and valued as food. Tropical rivers. (ézAuzvos, slumber-loving; zA0S, loving; tzvos, sleep.) a. Coloration rather obscure, the dark lateral band indistinct or wanting; scales 55 to 57. DORMITOR, 2516. aa. Coloration bright, the black lateral band distinct; scales 52 to 55. LATERALIS, 2517. 2516. PHILYPNUS DORMITOR (Lacépéde). (SLEEPER; GUAVINA.) Head 22 to 2:3; depth 5 to 5%. D.VI-10; A.1,9; scales 55 to 57;. eye 64 to 74 in head; snout 3?; maxillary 22. Body elongate, terete anteri- orly, compressed behind. Head elongate, depressed above. Mouth large; maxillary reaching to middle of pupil. Lower jaw considerably project- ing. Teeth on jaws slender, depressible. Interspace between dorsals slightly greater than interorbital width; dorsal spines slender, the second the longest, 2} in head; length of base of anal about 24 in head; ventrals teaching % of the distance to vent; tips of pectorals reaching ventral. * The Eleotrine have been made the subject of a special paper (A Review of the Ameri- can Eleotridine, in Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1885, 66-80) by Eigenmann & Fordice. The Gobiide of America have been discussed in detail by Jordan & Eigenmann (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 477-518) and later by Eigenmann & Eigenmann (Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 2dser., vol. 1, 1888, 51-78). In this paper are valuable notes on the specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. + For the reasons in favor of the use of the name Gobiomorus for Valenciennea, Bleeker, instead of using it for the present genus, see GILL, Proc, U.S, Nat, Mus. 1888, 69. Se Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2195 Dark brownish or olive, lighter below; an interrupted dark lateral band extending from base of pectoral to base of caudal (not always present) ; fins dusky, and with the exception of the anal and ventrals, all distinctly mottled; spinous dorsal margined with blackish; head often with dark spots. Streams of the West Indies and Atlantic shores of Central America, Mexico, and Surinam; everywhere common, reaching a length of 2 feet ormore. Here described from Cuban specimens. (dormitor, sleeper. ) Guavina, PARRA, Descr. Dif. Piezas Hist. Nat. Cuba, tab. 39, fig. 1, 1787, Havana. Gobiomorus dormitor, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 0, 599, 1798, Martinique ; from a draw- ing by PLUMIER; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 52. Platycephalus dormitator, BLocu, Ichth., 1801, Martinique; after LACEPEDE. Batrachus guavina, BLocu & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 44, 1801; based on Guavina of PARRA. Eleotris longiceps, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond, 1864, 151, Nicaragua; GUNTHER, Fish. Centr. Amer., 440, 1869. Electris dormitatriz, CUVIER, Régne Animal, Ed. U, vol. 2, 246, 1829, Antilles; GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 11, 119, 1861. Gobiomorus dormitator, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 572. Philypnus dormitator, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xu, 255, 1837; Pory, Mem. de Cuba, 1, 381, 1860; GirARD, U. S.and Mexican Boundary Survey, Zool., 27, pl. 12, fig. 13, 1859; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 631, 1883. 2517. PHILYPNUS LATERALIS, Gill. (ABOMA DE MAR.) Head 2,3;; depth 54. D. VI-10; A. I, 10; scales 52 to 55; eye 6 to 64 in head; snout 3} to 33; maxiliary 2} to 23. Brownish, lighter or white below; a distinct dark brown or blackish band extending from base of pectoral to base of caudal; dorsals, pectoral and caudal dusky; ven- trals and anal lighter; dorsals, caudal, and in some specimens the anal, distinctly blotched. The only constant difference between this species and Philypnus dormitor seems to be the brighter coloration of lateralis. Streams of Pacific Coast of Mexico and Central America, from Sonora to Panama, entering the sea; common, reaching a much larger size than any other of our Gobies. Here described from specimens from Rio Pre- sidio, Mazatlan. (lateralis, pertaining to the side.) Philypnus lateralis, GIL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 123, Cape San Lucas (Coll. Xantus); JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 377. Eleotris lateralis, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 122, 1861. 802. DORMITATOR, Gill. (PUNECAS. ) Prochilus, Cuvier, Régne Animal, Ed.1, vol. 1, 294, 1817 (macrolepidota = maculatus) ; name preoccupied. Dormitator, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 240 (gundlachi). Body short, robust; head broad and flat above; mouth little oblique; maxillary reaching to anterior margin of orbit; lower jaw little project- ing; no teeth on vomer; lower pharyngeal teeth stiff and blunt, the bones with an external series broad, flexible, lamelliform, these being rudi- mentary gill filaments; scales large, ctenoid, 30 to 33 in a longitudinal 2196 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. series; skull much as in Eleotris; D. VII-I, 8; A. I, 9 or 10; no spine on preopercle; post-temporals inserted midway between occipital crest and edge of skull; supraoccipital crest low. (dormitator, one who sleeps.) 2518. DORMITATOR MACULATUS (Bloch). (GUAVINA MApPO; PANECA.) Head 3}; depth about 3 in adult. D. VII-I,8 or 9; A.I,9 or 10; lateral line 33. Body short, robust; head broad and flat above; eye small, less than snout; caudal a little shorter than head; mouth little oblique; max- illary reaching to anterior margin of orbit; lower jaw little projecting; no teeth on vomer; interspace between dorsals equaling orbit; highest — anal ray 1% in head; highest dorsal ray 14 in head; skull much as in Eleotris, but everywhere broader; no spine on preopercle; post-temporal inserted midway between occipital crest and edge of skull; supraoccipital crest low; scales large, becoming much smaller on belly, 25 series on median line from base of ventrals to vent; 18 series across breast from pectoral to pectoral; 18 on a median line from posterior border of orbit to dorsal. Dark brown, with lighter bluish spots; a faint dark stripe along sides; a conspicuous large dark blue spot edged with black above base of pectorals; a dark streak from eye to angle of mouth; 2 dark streaks on side of head; branchiostegal membrane blackish; dorsals barred with spots; anal dusky, barred with bluish, and with white margin; a dark bar on base of pectoral. Length 1 to 2 feet. Both coasts of America, ranging from South Carolina through the West Indies to Para, Cape San Lucas, and Panama, in fresh or brackish water; everywhere abundant and used as food. Dr. Eigenmann observes: There seem to be 2 forms of the adult—one with the profile gibbous, the dorsal out- line forming a regular curve; the other having the profile depressed over the eyes, the anterior portion being subhorizontal. The specimens from Gurupa and the Rio Grande have the profile depressed; all the other specimens have a gibbous profile. A comparison in detail of the two forms is appended. Only extreme differences are given. West Indian specimens 5 to 74 inches. Profile regularly curved from first dorsal spine to snout. Head 34 to 4; depth 3 to31; depth always greater than length of head. Highest anal ray 13 to 12 in head. Distance from first dorsal spine to snout greater than distance from first dorsal spine to first anal ray. Scales in median series 29 to 32. Color usually dark brown, a black spot above base of pectoral, a short bar on base of pectoral. Rio Grande specimens 5, 6}, and 74 inches. Profile depressed over eye, becoming hori- zontal anteriorly. Head 3; depth 3 to 34; depth usually less than length of head. Highest anal ray 13 to 2 in head. Distance from first dorsal spine to snout equals distance from first dorsal spine to base of last anal ray. Scales in median series 30 to 34. Color gray, a jet-black spot above base of pectoral; a black bar at base of pectoral; a black line from eye to mouth; longitudinal black lines on cheeks and opercles; dark spots on back; some silvery scales on sides. Among our specimens from Mazatlan are 3 markedly different forms which seem like distinct species. In view of the great variations to which this species is subject we do not, however, regard them as such, especially as none of the three corresponds exactly to the account above given of the 2 Atlantic forms. Jordan and Evermann.—lishes of North America, 2197 I. DEEP-BODIED SPECIMENS (Dormitator latifrons, Richardson), Head 3; depth 3. D. VII-I,8;-A.1,8 or 9; scales 30 to 33; eye 42 to 54 in head; snout 3} to 3} in head; interorbital width 2! in head; ventrals reaching % the distance to vent, 14 to 12 in head; highest anal ray 12 to 2 in head. Body short, robust, the back elevated; head broad and flat above, the anterior profile from first dorsal spine to tip of snout oblique, descending abruptly; mouth oblique, maxillary reaching anterior margin of orbit; lower jaw little projecting. Color greenish, lighter below; body with cross bars of dark brown; fins dusky, the dorsals distinctly blotched with darker; a dark cross bar at base of pectorals; a dark-blue humeral blotch, becoming blackish in spirits; 3 or 4 dark cross bands extending from eye and below eye to posterior margin of preopercle; a dark band extending from below eye to below tip of maxillary. Two specimens from Rio Presidio, Mazatlan. II. ComMon Form, AT MAZATLAN, Head 3}; depth 3} to 33. D. VII-I,7; A.1,8; scales 33 or 34; eye 44 to 43 in head; snout 3} to 4 in head; interorbital width 3 to 3} in head; ventrals reaching about } the distance to vent, 14 in head; highest anal ray 1% to 2 in head. Body short, compressed, the back little elevated; head rather broad and slightly convex above, the anterior profile from first dorsal spine to tip of snout slightly convex; mouth oblique, maxil- lary reaching anterior margin of orbit; lower jaw little projecting. Color dlive brown, with cross bars of darker brown, lighter below; fins dusky, the dorsals with about 3 darker cross bars; pectorals with a darker cross bar at base; a distinct dark-brown humeral spot slightly larger than eye; 3 or 4 dark cross bands extending from eye and below eye to posterior mar- gin of preopercle; a distinct dark-brown bar extending from below eye to below tip of maxillary; a dark lateral band extending from base of pectoral to base of caudal. Many specimens from Mazatlan. Ill. LARGE-HEADED FORM. Head 3}; depth 3}. D.VI-I,8; A.1,9; scales 32 or 33; eye 44 in head; snout 34 in head; interorbital width 2} in head; ventrals reaching + the distance to vent, 14 in head; highest anal ray 2 in head. Body mod- erately compressed, the back little elevated; head very broad above, convex; the anterior profile from first dorsal spine to tip of snout oblique, gently descending; mouth oblique, maxillary reaching anterior margin of orbit; lower jaw little projecting. Color brownish, middle of back darker, lighter below; body with darker cross bands; ventrals yellow- ish; other fins dusky; dorsals with darker blotches; a dark crossbar at base of pectoral; a dark humeral spot; four cross bands extending from eye and below eye to posterior margin of preopercle; a dark band extending from below eye to below top of maxillary; a dark lateral band extending from base of pectoral to base of caudal. One specimen, from near Mazatlan. (maculatus, spotted.) 2198 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Sciceena maculata, BLocH, Ichth., pl. 299, fig. 2, 1790, West Indies. Eleotris mugiloides, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X10, 226, 1837, Martinique; Surinam. : Eleotris sima,* CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 232, 1837, Vera Cruz, Eleotris latifrons, RICHARDSON, Voy. Sulphur, Fishes, 57, pl. 35, figs. 4 and 5, 1837, locality unknown, supposed to be from Pacific coast, Central America. ? Eleotris grandisquama,; CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 229, 1837, Amer- ica; locality unknown. Eleotris somnolentus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 169, near mouth of Rio Grande. Eleotris omocyaneus, PoEY, Memorias, 1, 269, 1860, Havana. Dormitator microphthalmus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci, Phila. 1863, 170, Panama. (Coll. Capt. John M. Dow.) Dormitator gundlachi, POEY, Synopsis, 396, 1868, Cuba. Dormitator lineatus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 271, Savannah. Dormitator maculatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 632, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, 1. c., 482; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci,, 2d series, vol. 1, 1888, 52. 803. GUAVINA, Bleeker. Guavina, BLEEKER, Esquisse d’un Syst. Nat. Gobioid., 302, 1874 (guavina). This genus is allied to Eleotris, differing in having the post-temporal bones little divergent, not inserted close together, the distance between their insertions greater than the moderate interorbital space, or 3% in length of head; top of skull little gibbous; lower pharyngeals narrower than in Lleotris; preopercle without spine; scales very small, ctenoid, about 110 in a longitudinal series. Vertebrie 11+ 13; teeth moderate, the outer series on lower jaw enlarged. Fresh waters of the West Indies and Brazil. Two species known; Guavina brasiliensis (Sauvage) from Bahia, and the following. (Guavina, the Spanish name.) 2519. GUAVINA GUAVINA (Cuvier & Valenciennes). (GUARUBACO; GUAVINA.) Head 34; depth 4} to5}. D. VI, or VII-I. 10; A.I,9or10. Body stontish, oblong; mouth oblique; maxillary reaching opposite middle of eye, its length 24 to 3hin head. Lower jaw little projecting ; teeth in broad bands, the outer ones on lower jaw enlarged. Scales on head embedded; those on body very small, etenoid on sides, cycloid on back and belly, 100 to 110 in a longitudinal series. Isthmus very broad. Pectorals reaching to mid- dle of spinous dorsal. Highest anal ray 14 in head. Post-temporals inserted twice as far from occipital crest as in Lleotris pisonis. Parietals ending * Types, 2 specimens in poor order, from Vera Cruz, 0.09 mm. long. Snout a little more steep and convex than usual in Dormitator maculatus. Head 34 in length; depth3}. Eye 43 in head. D VII,9; A.11; scales 31-11. Soft dorsal very high, with round black spots. Candal and anal plain. This seems to be inseparable from Dormitator maculatus. + We haye the following note on the type of Eleotris grandisyuama: Type specimen in fair condition, 0.14 mm. long, from ‘“‘Amérique Méridionale?’’ Head slenderer than in D. maculatus, and much depressed, its depth at the eyes less than its width, which is less than that of body. Anterior profile almost concave. Caudal fin large; other fins mod- erate. Dorsal V1,9; anal I,9; scales about 29-11. A few dusky spots on dorsal and anal. According to Dr. Eigenmann, specimens of Dormitator maculatus from the Rio Grande agree fairly with this type, and it is not likely that it is different. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2199 in a sharp point behind. Preopercular spine none, a broad, thin exten- sion on the lower limb of preopercle taking its place. Lower pharyngeals triangular, normal, rather narrow; the teethsmall. Vomer without teeth. Length 1 foot. East coast of tropical America, Cuba to Rio Janeiro, in fresh and brackish waters; very common. (guavina, Spanish name.) Eleotris guavina, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xu, 223, 1837, Martinique. Guavina guavina, JORDAN & EIGENMANY, I. c., 483. 804. ELEOTRIS (Gronow) Bloch & Schneider. Eleotris, GRONOW, Zooph., 83, 1763 (nonbinomial). Eleotris, BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 65, 1801 (pisonis). Culius, BLEEKER, Esquisse d’un Syst. Nat. des Gobioid., 303, 1874 ( fuscus). Body long and low, compressed behind. Head long, low, flattened above, without spines or crests, almost everywhere scaly. Mouth large, oblique, lower jaw projecting. Lower pharyngeals rather broad, the teeth small,* bluntish. Preopercle with a small concealed spine below, its tip hooked forward. Branchiostegals unarmed. Eyes small, high, anterior; isthmus broad. Post-temporal bones very strongly divergent, their insertions close together, the distance between them about } the narrow interorbital space, and less than + length of head; top of skull somewhat elevated and declivous; interorbital area slightly convex trans- versely; dorsal fins well apart, the first of 6 or 7 flexible spines; ventrals separate. Scales moderate, ctenoid, 45 to 62 in a longitudinal series; ver- tebre (pisonis) 11+ 15. Tropical seas, entering fresh waters. (7A€0s, bewildered. ) a. Teeth subequal, those of inner or outer series enlarged. b. Cheek entirely scaled. c. Teeth of inner series of each jaw enlarged. d. Scales in a median series 40 to 51, in a cross series 12 to 20. e. Eye large, 5 to 6 in head; scales 40 to 44—12 to 14. AMBLYOPSIS, 2520. ee. Eye small, 8 in head; scales 51-20. ABACURUS, 2521. dd. Scales in a median series 57 to 66; in a cross series 18 to 24. PISONIS, 2522. bb. Lower half of cheek naked; scales 61. PERNIGER, 2523. aa. Teeth all equal;.scales 60. PICTUS, 2524. 2520. ELEOTRIS AMBLYOPSIS (Cope). Head 32; depth 44. D. VI-9; A.I,8; scales 46 (40 to 44-12 to 14 accord- ing to Eigenmann); eye 5} in head, 2 in interorbital width; preoper- cular spine strong, decurved; width of head #2 in its length; chin prominent; premaxillary spines forming a projection in profile. Brown, a black spot above at base of pectoral; first dorsal and anal dusky; sec- ond dorsal and caudal delicately cross-barred with blackish; 3 black lines from orbit behind and below. Surinam. Described from 3 specimens each 3 inches long. (Cope.) Dr. Eigenmann mentions 15 other examples, * The characters of the skeleton are taken from Eleotris pisonis and have not been ver- ified on other species. The hooked preopercular spine supposed to characterize Culius is found on the typical species of Eleotris, as well as in Alexurus. 2200 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. the longest 24} inches long, from Surinam, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. (duPdvs, blunt; dys, face.) Eleotris amblyopsis, CopE, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1870, 473, Surinam (Coll. Dr. Charles Hering); JORDAN & EIGENMANN, 1. c., 483, 1886; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANYN, l. c., 55. 2521. ELEOTRIS ABACURUS, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 3; depth 44. D.VI-9; A.1,8; scales 51-20; eye 8 in head, 24 in interorbital width; pectoral 14; ventral 14; highest dorsal ray 2; highest anal ray 2; caudal 1}. Body slender, compressed, the head depressed, becoming very narrow anteriorly, its width ? its length; a notable depres- sion above orbits, the premaxillary processes protruding before it; lower jaw the longer; maxillary reaching vertical behind pupil, 23 in head. Teeth in jaws in narrow villiform bands, becoming a single series on sides of lower jaw, those of the outer and inner series in each jaw some- what enlarged, the largest being a single series in sides of lower jaw. Preopercular spine as usual in the genus. Scales smooth above and below, ctenoid on sides. Color in spirits, brown, lighter above and below; each scale on middle of sides with a dusky streak, these forming obscure lengthwise lines; back anteriorly with a few small black spots; under parts, including sides of head, very thickly punctulate with black; no dark stripes from orbit; lips black; a dark streak from snout through eye to upper angle of preopercle; 2 dusky streaks from eye downward and backward across cheek; a very conspicuous black blotch as large as eye in front of upper pectoral rays; pectorals and ventrals transparent, dusky; vertical fins all barred with light and dark in fine pattern. Coast of South Carolina. Known from a single specimen, 4 inches long, taken in the harbor of Charleston. This species agrees very well with Cope’s account of Culius amblyopsis, but the scales are larger, the eye is smaller, and there is some difference in color, besides the remote habitat. (a Banos, checker; ovpd, tail.) Culius amblyopsis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 610; not of Cope. Eleotris abacurus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 228, Charleston. (Coll. Dr. C.H. Gilbert. Type, No. 2009, L. 8. Jr. Univ. Mus.) 2522. ELEOTRIS PISONIS (Gmelin). (GUAVINA TETARD; SLEEPER.) Head 3 to 34 in body; depth 4} to 5. D.VI-9; A.I, 8; scales 62; eye 53 to 8 in head; maxillary 2?; pectoral ui; LIS 2; caudal 14. Body not much compressed; head somewhat depressed; mouth rather large, the maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of pupil; lower jaw much projecting, a knob at symphysis; wide bands of villiform teeth in jaws, none on vomer or palatines; interorbital region nearly twice as wide as the horizontal diameter of eye; top of head, cheeks, and opercles covered with small scales; a stout, concealed spine projecting downward on edge of preopercle. Origin of dorsal about midway between tip of snout and end of last dorsal rays; tips of first dorsal spines not reaching front of Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2201 second dorsal when fin is depressed; origin of anal a little behind that of soft dorsal; pectorals reaching to posterior spine of first dorsal; ven- trals inserted very slightly behind base of pectorals; caudal peduncle as wide as length of maxillary. Color brownish; tins with dark spots and wavy lines; ventrals dusky; 2 dark stripes behind the orbit. Here described from specimens, 6 or7 inches long, collected in the Rio Almen- dares, Cuba, by Dr. Jordan. Streams of the West Indies, generally com- mon from southern Florida to Rio Janeiro. Dr. Eigenmann enumerates many specimens from various localities in Brazil. (Named for Dr. William Piso, of the University of Leyden, associate of George Marcgraf and Prince Maurice of Nassau, in 1648, in the study of the natural Listory of Brazil.) Amore pixuma, MARCGRAVE & PIso, Hist. Brasil., Iv, 166, 1648, Brazil. Eleotris capite plagioplateo, GRONOW, Mus. Ichth., 0, 168, 1757; after MARCGRAVE. Gobius pisonis, GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1206, 1788; based on Hleotris of GRONOW. Gobius amorea, WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 111, 205, 1792; based on Eleotris of GRoNOW. Eleotris gyrinus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xu, 220, pl. 356, 1837, Martinique; San Domingo; Surinam. Eleotris (Oulius) belizianus,* SAUVAGE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1879 (1880), 55, Belize (Coll. Morelet), Cayenne (Coll. Mélinon) ; EIGENMANN & FORDICE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1885, 75; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 55. Eleotris pisonis, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. ¢c., 483; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, I. c., 55. 2525, ELEOTRIS PERNIGER (Cope). Head 44; depth 4%. D. VI-I, 9; A.I, 9; scales 61; eye 3 in interorbital width; no vomerine teeth. A strong spine at posterior angle of preoper- culum, directed downward. Premaxillary spines not prominent in pro- file; scaling of vertex extending to their extremities. Longitudinal diameter of orbit § length of head. Color black, abdomen brown, fins dusky; first dorsal with white extremity and 2 longitudinal black bars, lalong the base; other fins with small black bars; [no] maxillary or caudal spot or ocellus. Length 5 inches. West Indies, south to Rio Janeiro. (Cope.) A specimen in our collection from Jamaica. Itis close to EZ. pisonis, but the cheeks are not fully scaled. (perniger, very black.) Culius perniger, Cope, Trans. Am, Philos. Soc. 1870, 473, St. Martins, (Coll. Dr. R. E. van Rijgersma.) Eleotris perniger, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANY, l. ¢., 55. 2524. ELEOTRIS PICTUS, Kner & Steindachner. (GUAVINA.) Head 3 to 3; depth 6. D.VI-I,7 or 8; A.I, 7 or 8; lateral line 60; 24 scales in an oblique series from front of soft dorsal downward and back- * Eleotris belizianus is described as follows: Head4in total; depth5. D.VI-I,9; A.I,8; scales 60; eye 5 in head. Preopercle with a spine turned downward; 16 rows of scales between soft dorsal and anal; scales of top of head a little smaller than those of body, extending forward nearly to front of eyes; cheeks scaly; scales ciliate. Interocular.space flattened, 4 broader than eye; snout depressed a little longer than eye; lower jaw promi- nent; outer teeth enlarged; maxillary reaching front of eye. Dorsals contiguous. Color brownish, faint dark streaks on the fins. Belize; Cayenne. (Sauyage.) Length 100 mm. Evidently not different from Z, pisonis. 3030 61 2202 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. ward to anal; about 20 in a vertical series. Body elongate, depressed anteriorly; head especially very broad and flat; mouth large, broad, very oblique, the maxillary reaching nearly or quite to opposite posterior mar- gin of eye, its length 2} to 2 in head; lower jaw considerably projecting. Teeth in jaws all equal, in broad bands, the outer not at all enlarged. Eye small, anterior, its length in adult 2 in interorbital width, which width is about 3 in head; a conspicuous knob at upper anterior and posterior angles of orbit; preopercular spine well developed, strong, com- pressed, directed downward and forward. Seales on head very small, mostly cycloid, covering cheeks and opercles and upper part of head to the eyes; scales on body smaller and smoother than in most other species, those on belly muck smaller than those on sides; scales on back and belly cycloid, only those on sides distinctly ctenoid. Pectoral fins moderate, reaching to near end of base of first dorsal, 13 in head; ventrals inserted just behind axil, reaching halfway to vent, about 2 in head. Interspace between dorsals about equal to diameter of eye. Soft dorsal and anal short and high, very similar, coterminous; last ray of anal a little longer than 4 length of head; caudal peduncle long, a little shorter than head. Caudal fin rounded, 14 in head. Color* dark, dull olivaceous brown, paler below; younger individuals mottled below with bluish and speckled with dark brown; sides without longitudinal stripes; fins dusky, all of them finely mottled and speckled with darker, the dark markings on dorsal and anal forming undulated longitudinal stripes; on pectorals and ventrals forming dark bars. Distinguished from related species by the larger mouth with small, equal teeth, and the small, smoothish scales. Length about 18 inches. Streams of the Pacific Coast, from Sonora, south to Panama; abundant in Rio Presidio, at Mazatlan, where the types of LF. aquidens were taken; not rare about Panama. (pictus, painted.) Eleotris pictus, KNER & STEINDACHNER, Abh. Ah. Wiss. Wien 1864, 18, pl. 3, f. 1, Rio Bayano, near Panama; depth 6 to 7 in total length; scales 60. Culius equidens, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 461, Rio Presidio, near Mazatlan. (Types, Nos. 28268 and 29240. Coll. Gilbert.) Eleotris equidens JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. ¢., 483. 805. ALEXURUS, Jordan. Alexurus, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sei. 1895, 512 (armiger). Body elongate, covered with small cycloid scales; preopercle with a small, concealed, hooked spine at its angle, as in Eleotris; caudal fin broad, its base with many procurrent rays. In other respects similar to Eleotris. One species known; marine. (GA¢é@, to defend; dvpd, tail, from the caudal fulera.) * A young example shows the following details of coloration in life: Blackish every- where, sides with faint whitish streaks, along rows of scales a broad, blackish lateral band occupying whole of side, back and belly paler, traces of faint dark cross bands; caudal black, with a pale margin and some dark cross shades; pectorals, dorsals, and ventrals more or less barred with black; preopercular spine well developed; a whitish bar at base of caudal with a darker one before it. Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2203 2525. ALEXURUS ARMIGER, Jordan & Richardson. Head 43; depth 8. D. VI-13; A. 11; V. I, 5; scales about 102-30; eye 8 in head; maxillary 23; mandible 24; snout 53; interorbital 44; pectoral 14; caudal equals head; ventral 2; last dorsal ray 17. Body long and low, compressed posteriorly, depressed in front. Head flattish and broad above, the cheeks moderately tumid. Eyes small, high up, separated by a broad, flattish, interorbital space; snout short; mouth moderate, very oblique, the maxillary ceasing below the center of pupil; lower jaw very heavy, oblique, projecting beyond upper, its outline horseshoe-shaped, obtuse in front. Teeth in rather broad bands, the outer enlarged below, but scarcely so above; none of them canine-like. Top of head with very small scales; cheeks and opercles with rudimentary scales above; pre- opercle with a concealed antrorse hook below, as in Lleotris; scales on body very small, perfectly smooth, partially embedded; scales on nape and throat minute. Gill membranes extending a little forward below, so that the branchiostegals are free from the isthmus. Insertion of dorsal twice as far from middle of base of caudal as from tip of snout; the fin low, its slender rays slightly filamentous; soft dorsal low, its last ray highest; anal similar, beginning under second dorsal ray; caudal long, bluntly pointed behind, with strongly procurrent base above and below, the base above ; length of head, formed of 14 short rays, that below a little shorter, of 12 rays, this procurrent portion forming an angle with the caudal proper where it joins it; pectorals and ventrals short, the ven- trals inserted under pectorals. Color olive green, dusky above, paler below, but everywhere covered with fine black dots; both dorsals with the membranes pale, the rays each barred with black; caudal mesially blackish, all the rays barred or checkered in fine pattern; pectoral and anal pale,’ similarly speckled, base of pectoral dusky; ventral finely speckled. La Paz, Lower California; 1 specimen, 64 inches long, taken by Mr. James A. Richardson. (armiger, bearing arms, from the concealed spine.) Alexurus armiger, JORDAN & RICHARDSON, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 511, pl. 48, La Paz. (Type in L.S.Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. James A. Richardson.) 806. EROTELIS, Poey. (ESMERALDAS DE MAR.) Erotelis, PoEY, Memorias, 11, 273, 1861 (valenciennesi=smaragdus). Body very slender, elongate, covered with minute cycloid scales. Ven- trals separate, the rays I, 5. No teeth on vomer. Lower pharyngeals subtriangular, the teeth stiff, villiform, none of them lamelliform. Post- temporal bones short, strongly divergent, the distance between their insertions about equal to the narrow interorbital space; top of head with a strong median keel, highest on the occipital region; no supraoccipital crest; no preopercular spine. Mouth very oblique. One species known; strictly marine. (Name an anagram of Eleotris.) 2204 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2526. EROTELIS SMARAGDUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). (ESMERALDA NEGRA; ESMERALDA DE MAR.) Head 44 to 54; depth 8 to12. D. VI-I, 10; A.1,9; V. I, 5; scales 100. Body very long and slender, compressed behind, the form much as in Gobius oceanicus. Head depressed, flattish above, the eyes mostly supe- rior, not } the width of the interorbital area, which has a knob near its middle. Mouth very oblique, the lower jaw much projecting, the maxil- lary about reaching front of eyes; teeth rather small, in bands. Fins rather high; dorsal spines slender, lower than the highest soft rays, which are 1} in head; caudal lanceolate, + longer than head; ventrals mod- erate, 2in head. Scales very small, cycloid. Color very dark green, almost black; the fins mostly bluish, the dorsal with brown lines; some dark markings about eye and on base of pectoral above. Length 8 inches. Coral shores among green algw; known from Key West and Cuba; not common; not entering rivers. Here described from Key West specimens. (Guapay6os, emerald.) Eleotris smaragdus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 231, 1887, Cuba; Jor- DAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 143. Erotelis valenciennesi, PoEY, Memorias, I, 273, 1861, Cuba, Erotelis smaragdus, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l, ¢., 484. 807. GYMNELEOTRIS, Bleeker. Gymneleotris, BLEEKER, Esquisse d’un Syst. Nat. des Gobioid., 304, 1874 (seminuda). Body scaled only posteriorly, the anterior half and the head naked. Ven- trals separate, I,5. Vomer without teeth. Isthmus broad; skull without crests. Lower jaw with 4 large recurved teeth. Otherwise essentially as in Eleotris, the preopercle probably without spine. (yuuvds, naked; Eleotris.) 2527. GYMNELEOTRIS SEMINUDUS (Gunther). Head 34. D. VII-11; A. 9. Head depressed, broader than high, flat above. Snout rather obtuse, longer than eye, lower jaw somewhat promi- nent; cleft of mouth extending to below anterior margin of orbit. Teeth in upper jaw in a narrow band, the lower having 4 somewhat larger and recurved teeth in front, appearing to form a single series; palate tooth- less. None of the fin rays prolonged; pectoral not quite extending to origin of second dorsal; ventral much shorter than pectoral, its inner ray the longest, the others gradually decreasing in length outward; caudal fin rounded. Head and trunk naked; tail covered with small scales. Brown, with numerous well-defined white cross stripes on head as well as on body; vertical fins black. Panama. (Giinther); known from the type only, a young example, 13 inches long; not seen by us. (seminudus, half- naked.) Eleotris seminuda, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1864, 24, pl. 4, figs. 2, 2a, Panama; GUNTHER, Fish. Centr. Amer., 441, 1869. Gymneleotris seminuda, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 484. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2205 808. CHRIOLEPIS, Gilbert. Chriolepis, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 557 (minutillus). This genus differs from Gymneleotris, Bleeker, in the total absence of scales, and the absence of enlarged canines in the front of the mandible. Head and body compressed, the former as deep as wide. Ventrals sepa- rate, near together, the inner rays longest, each with 1 spine and 5 soft rays. Teeth in a rather wide band in upper jaw, the outer series some- what enlarged. Teeth in mandible in a single series, similar to outer row in upper jaw, none of them canine-like. Gill slits narrow; no dermal flaps oninner edge of shoulder girdle, Size small. (ypeza, want; Aemis, scale.) 2528. CHRIOLEPIS MINUTILLUS, Gilbert. Head 34; depth 44 in length. D. VII-12; A. 11. Mouth oblique, the maxillary reaching to below middle of orbit, 2} in head; eyes high up, but with lateral range, separated by a narrow interorbital space less than diameter of pupil; diameter of orbit nearly twice length of snout, 34 in head; dorsal spines high and slender, but not filamentous, the longest 4 length of head; soft dorsal rays higher, nearly } length of head; the anal lower; caudal short, broadly rounded, the depth of peduncle } length of head; length of pectoral equaling that of head without snout. Color uniform light brown on head and body, above and below; fins dusky, the anal blackish. A single specimen, 1 inch long, from Albatross Station 2825, off the east coast of Lower California. (minuwtillus, very small.) Chriolepis minutillus, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 558, Albatross Station 2825, Gulf of California, in 79 fathoms. 809. SICYDIUM, Cuvier & Valenciennes. Sicydiwm, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 168, 1837 (ylwmieri). Body subcylindrical, covered with rather small ctenoid scales; head oblong and broad, with cleft of mouth nearly horizontal; upper jaw prominent; snout obtusely rounded; lips very thick, the lower with a series of numerous slender horizontal teeth, of which sometimes only the extremities are visible; upper jaw with a single uniform series of numer- ous moyable small teeth attached by ligament to edge of maxillary; behind this outer visible series lie numerous other parallel series of young teeth hidden in the gum, which succeed the former as they become worn out or broken; lower jaw with a series of widely set conical teeth; teeth all simple, slender, the distal half bent inward nearly at a right angle; eyes of moderate size; 2 dorsal fins, the anterior with 6 (5 or 7) flexible spines; caudal quite free; ventrals united into a short cup-shaped disk; gill openings of moderate width; 4 branchiostegals. Species few in the streams of the West Indies. (62%Udz0v, diminutive of 61xva, a gourd, or gourd-shaped cupping glass, from the ventral disk.) a. Body covered with small scales. b. Seales very small, about, 84. PLUMIERI, 2529. bb. Scales moderate, about 68. ANTILLARUM, 2530. aa. Body nearly naked. VINCENTE, 2531. 2206 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2529. SICYDIUM PLUMIERI (Bloch). (SIRAJO.) Head 4 to 42; depth 44; eye 6 to 7 in head, 2 to 3 in interorbital width. D. VI-I, 10; A.I,10; scales 84. Teeth in upper jaw long, slender, bent inward at right angles, only the lips protruding from the gums. Front teeth of lower jaw not larger than those behind; a single row of incon- spicuous papillie on the gum beneath the upper lip, a large median papilla above the maxillary suture; a median cleft in the upper lip. Pectorals longer than head; third, fourth, and fifth dorsal spines produced into long ribbons, the fourth, which is the longest, being 2 to 3 times height of body. Body usually covered with small scales, reduced in size on neck and belly ; frequently almost naked, the scales present only on posterior part of body. Caudal deeply emarginate. Color olive or violet brown, with about 7 more or less distinct dark vertical bars; a dark bar at base of pectoral; dorsal with irregular dark markings; anal fin with a dark marginal band, sometimes edged with white; an H-shaped figure on base of caudal fin, and a black bar on its posterior half. Fresh waters of the West Indies. (Named for Pere Charles Plumier, who discovered the species at Martinique.) Gobins plumieri, BLocu, Ichth., 125, pl. 178, fig. 3, 1786, Martinique; on a drawing by PLUMIER. ; Sicydium siragus, POEY, Memorias, I, 278, 1861, Santiago de Cuba. Sicydium plumierti, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 168, 1837; GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 101; GUNTHER, Cat., 01, 92, 1861; OGILVIE-GRANT, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884, 156, pl. 11, fig.1; JoRDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 484; EIGENMANN & EIGEN- MANN, l, c., 56. 2530. SICYDIUM ANTILLARUM, Ogilvie-Grant. Head 42; depth 6; width of head 3 length. D.VI-I,10; A.I,10; scales 68. Teeth in upper jaw long, slender, and bent inward over the gum at right angles. A row of small lamelliform transverse papillz on the gum beneath upper lip, with a larger median lamelliform papilla above maxil- lary suture; aslight median cleft in upper lip; maxille at right angles to one another; horizontal teeth conspicuous. Scales on body and tail subequal and larger than those on neck and belly. Maxilla not extending to vertical from posterior margin of eye, the diameter of which is con- tained 6} times in length of head and twice in interorbital space. Length of pectoral greater than that of head. The third, fourth, and fifth dorsal spines produced into long narrow ribands; the fourth, which is longest, nearly 3 times height of body; second dorsal considerably higher than body. Color uniform violet brown; dorsal fins with irregular wavy dark markings; anal with a black and white marginal band; caudal witha dark band on upper margin. One specimen, 4% inches long, from Barba- dos (Ogilvie-Grant); not seen by us. (antillarum of the Antilles.) Sicydium antillarum, OGILVIE-GRANT, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884, 157, Barbados. Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2207 2531. SICYDIUM VINCENTE, Jordan & Evermann, new species. Another species of Sicydiwm or of some related genus is thus mentioned by Dr. Eigenmann: ‘ Mr. Samuel Garman collected several hundred speci- mens of this species at Kingston, St. Vincent. Most of these specimens are less than an inch in length, the longest 14 inches; they differ consid- erably in coloration from the adult; most are entirely naked, a few of those examined having scales only on the posterior part of the body. Caudal deeply emarginate. There are traces of about 7 dark vertical bars; a black bar at base of pectoral; dorsals with several series of black spots; an H-shaped figure on base of caudal, a black bar on the posterior half of caudal fin; belly and lower part of body plain; everywhere else with black points. The specimens collected by Mr. Garman may be the types of a new species. No large specimens were collected at the Island of St. Vincent. Specimens 1} inches in length from Hayti have the fins plain and a series of blotches along the middle of the posterior part of the body; the body, except the belly, is entirely covered with scales which are plainly ctenoid.” (Kigenmann.) (Named for St. Vincent.) Sicydiwm vincente, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 456, 1896, St. Vincent Island; name only. 810. COTYLOPUS, Guichenot. Cotylopus, GUICHENOT, in Maillard, Notes sur 1’ Isle de la Réunion, 11, Addendum 9, 1864 (aculipinnis). Sicya, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 456, 1896 (gymnogaster). This genus is closely allied to Sicydium, agreeing closely with the latter in external characters and in the absence of larger teeth in front of lower jaw; it differs chiefly in the form of the upper teeth which are curved, tricuspid, and trident-shaped, the middle cusp either permanent (Cotylo- pus) or else worn away leaving the tooth apparently bicuspid (Sicya). (xotTvAn cup; zovs, foot.) SICYA (ovxva, a gourd, or gourd-shaped cup): a. Teeth in upper jaw curved, tricuspid, trident-shaped, the lateral lobes long, the middle short and suspended between the outer lobes, and soon wearing away leaving the tooth apparently bicuspid. b. Neck and belly naked; a double or triple row of small papille on the gum be- neath the upper lip. GYMNOGASTER, 2532. bb. Neck and belly covered with small scales; gum beneath the upper lip smooth. SALVINI, 2533. Subgenus SICYA, Jordan & Evermann. 2532. COTYLOPUS GYMNOGASTER (Ogilvie-Grant). Head 44 to 5; depth 54 to 6. D. VI-I, 10; A. I, 10; scales 60 to 64; eye 6 in head, twice in interorbital space. Teeth in the upper jaw tri- cuspid, the middle cusp, which is situated at the anterior end of tooth, is very soft and soon becomes worn away. A double or treble row of small papille on the gum beneath the upper lip, without a larger median papilla; upper lip with a very slight median notch; maxille containing an angle of about 75°; horizontal teeth more or less inconspicuous. Scales strongly ctenoid; neck and belly naked. Length of pectoral greater than 2208 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. that of head. Second, third, and fourth dorsal spines produced into fila- ments; the third, which is the longest, twice height of body; second dor- sal higher than body. Color violet brown, yellowish in young specimens, shaded with indistinct transverse bands of darker; irregular brown spots on axis of pectoral, and a broad dark band from base of pectoral to root of caudal, both more or less indistinct in adult specimens; fins violet, clouded with darker. Length 4? inches. Streams about Mazatlan (Ogilvie-Grant); not seen by us. (yvusv0s, naked; yaornp, belly.) Sicydium gymnogaster, OGILYIE-GRANT, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884, 158, pl. 11, fig. 2, and pl. 12, fig. 6, Mazatlan. Sicyopterus gymnogaster, JORDAN & EIGENMANY, l. c., 485. 2533. COTYLOPUS SALVINI (Ogilvie-Grant). Head 43; depth 6}. D.VI-9 or 10; A.I, 10; scales 78; eye 54 in head, twice in interorbital space. Teeth in upper jaw tricuspid; the middle cusp, which is situated at anterior end of tooth, very soft and soon becomes worn away. Gum beneath upper lip smooth; a median papillose tubercle above maxillary suture; upper lip with a small median notch; maxille containing an angle of about 75°; horizontal teeth conspicuous. Scales ctenoid, those on neck and belly smaller than those on body and tail. Length of pectoral rather greater than that of head. Second and third dorsal spines subequal and produced into short filaments, 14 times height of body; second dorsal not so high as body. Color olive brown; anal yel- low, with a black and white band along margin; membrane of second dorsal clear, spotted with brown; caudal with a dark and yellow band round the extremity. Length 43 inches. Streams near Panama; 1 speci- men known. (Ogilvie-Grant.) (Named for Osbert Salvin, who collected largely in Central America for the British Museum.) Sicydium salvini, OGILVIE-GRANT, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884, 159, pl. 12, fig. 2, Panama. Sicyopterus salvini, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, I. c., 485. 811. EVORTHODUS, Gill. Evorthodus, GiLu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 195 (breviceps). Body elongate, covered with ctenoid scales of moderate size. Head thick, short, naked. Isthmus moderate. Teeth in a single series, with the crown emarginate, those of the lower jaw horizontal; no canines. First dorsal of 6 spines; ventral fins united, not adherent to the belly, otherwise as in Gobius, so far as known. (ev, well; dp%ds, straight; 060US, tooth.) 2534. EVORTHODUS BREVICEPS, Gill. Head 44, about as deep as wide; depth 4}. D. VI-I,10; A.I,11; eye 3. Teeth emarginate, uniserial, those of lower jaw nearly horizontal. Snout blunt, profile evenly decurved; caudal rounded, 3 in length of body; some of the dorsal rays filamentous. Color light brown, with irregular black- ish blotches along sides; 2 black spots at base of caudal fin, 1 above the other, alternating with 1 more anterior on the peduncle; first dorsal Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2209 with 2 bands parallel with its upper margin; second dorsal with 3 nar- row longitudinal bands. (Gill.) Fresh waters of Trinidad and Surinam; not seen by us. (brevis, short; -ceps, head.) Evorthodus breviceps, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 195, Trinidad; JORDAN & EIGEN- MANN, J. c., 486. 812. LOPHOGOBIUS, Gill. (CRESTED GOBIES.) « Lophogobius, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 240 (cristagalli=eyprinotdes). Dorsal spines 6; scales evidently ctenoid. Body short, compressed, form much as in Dormitator; nape with fleshy crest; scales large. Vertebre 11+ 15. Interorbital area of cranium anteriorly elevated, with a large foramen-like depression in front of eye. One species, differing consider- ably in form from the other Gobies. The study of its skeletou shows no distinction of much importance unless the peculiar form of its interorbital area be regarded as such. (Addos, crest; Gobius.) 2535. LOPHOGOBIUS CYPRINOIDES (Pallas). Head 32; depth 32; greatest width 54 to 64. D.VI or VII-10 or 11; A. 9or10; scales 26 to30; vertebre 11+15; eye3}to4. Body short and deep, little compressed, formed much as in Cyprinodon; head naked, a prominent naked dermal crest extending from above middle of eye to near front of spinous dorsal; interorbital width slightly less than diameter of eye; profile convex; snout short, bluntish, about as long as eye; mouth very oblique, the gape slightly curved; front of upper lip on level of lower border of eye; lower jaw somewhat projecting; teeth in both jaws in bands, the outer series erect and somewhat enlarged, those of the inner series small; scales large, reduced on breast and nape; a few scales on upper part of opercle; median line before dorsal naked; dorsal spines produced in short filaments; last rays of soft dorsal reaching caudal; caudal rounded; pectorals lanceolate, reaching beyond insertion of anal, the upper rays not silk-like; skull very broad and short, with low, median crest, highest behind; double crests of temporal region joining at the upper posterior angles of the eyes and forming a bridge over the interorbital area, the crests ending abruptly above the anterior part of the orbit, forming a decided angle, the bridged interorbital leaving a large foramen in front of this angle. Color blackish green in life; spinous dorsal black; soft dorsal, ventrals, and anal dark, plain; pectorals lightish, plain; caudal finely mottled. Length 2 inches. West Indies, north to southern Florida; generally common in the streams and brackish waters of Cuba and other islands. Recently taken by Dr. Evermann in brackish water at Biscayne Bay, Florida. (xvzpivos, carp; é7d0s, resemblance. ) Gobius cyprinoides, PALLAS, Spicilegia, Zool., vul, 17, pl. 1. fig. 5, 1770, Amboina; CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 129, 1837; GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., m1, 8, 1861. Gobius cristagalli, VALENCIENNES, in CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 130, 1837, Havana; GUICHENOT, in Ramon de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, 128, pl. 3, fig. 3, 1850. Lophogobius cyprinoides, POEY, Repertorio, I, 335, 1867; Pory, Synopsis, 393, 1868; Pory, Enumeratio, 125, 1876; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 487; EvEr- MANN & KENDALL, Bull. U.S, Fish Comm. 1897, 131, plate 9, fig, 13. 2210 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 813. GOBIUS (Artedi) Linnzus. (GOBIES. ) Gobius, ARTEDI, Genera, 28, 1738 (Gobius ex nigricante varius, etc.,—niger). Gobius, LINN2XUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 262, 1758 (niger, etc.), and of authors generally. Gobionellus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 168 (hastatus = oceanicus). Ctenogobius, GILL, Fish. Trinidad, 374, 1858 ( fasciatus). Buctenogobius, GILL, Annals Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York 1859, 45 (badius). Smaragdus, PoEY, Memorias, UU, 279, 1861 (smaragdus). ? Pomatoschistus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 263, footnote (minutus). Coryphopterus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 263 (glawcofrenum). ? Deltentosteus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 263, footnote (quadrimaculatus). ?Gobiichthys, KLUNZINGER, Fisch. Rothen Meeres, 479, 1871 ( petersii). ? Mesogobius, BLEEKER, Esquisse d’un Syst. Nat. Gobioid., 317, 1874 (guavina). 2? Stenogobius, BLEEKER, l. c.,317 (gymnopomus). ? Oligolepis, BLEEKER, l. c., 318 (melanostigma). ?Gnatholepis, BLEEKER, l. c., 318 (anjerensis). ? Callogobius, BLEEKER, l. c.,318 (hasselti). ? Hypogymnogobius, BLEEKER, l. c., 318 (canthozona). ? Hemigobius, BLEEKER, l. c., 318 (melanurus). ? Cephalogobius, BLEEKER, l. c., 320 (sublitus). ? Acentrogobius, BLEEKER, l. c., 321 (chlorostigma). ? Porogobius, BLEEKER, l. c., 321 (schlegeli). 2Amblygobius, BLEEKER, l. c., 322 (sphinz). Zonogobius, BLEEKER, l. c., 323 (semifasciatus). ? Odontogobius, BLEEKER, l. c., 323 (bynoénsia). ? Stigmatogobius, BLEEKER, l. c., 323 (pleurostigma). 2Oxyurichthys, BLEEKER, l. c., 324 (belosgo). Lythrypnus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 458, 1896 (dallii). Body oblong or elongate, compressed behind. Head oblong, more or less depressed. Eyes high, anterior, close together; opercles unarmed. Mouth moderate. Teeth on jaws only, conical, in several series, those in the outer row enlarged; no canines. Isthmus broad. Shoulder girdle without fleshy flaps or papille. Skull depressed, abruptly widened behind the eyes and without distinct median keel. Scales moderate, ctenoid, permanently covering the body; ckeeks usually naked; belly generally scaly. Dorsal with 6 rather weak spines; pectorals well devel- oped, the upper rays sometimes very slender and silky; ventrals com- pletely united, not adnate to the belly; caudal fin usually obtuse. Species very numerous. The genus Gobius, as here understood, comprises a very large number of species more or less closely related to the European type of the genus, Gobius niger, and its American relative, Gobius soporator. An examination of skulls or skeletons of numerous European and American species shows a remarkable uniformity in most respects. The general form and structure of the cranium is the same in all, the only differences being very minor ones in the height of certain crests. Gobius oceanicus seems the most aberrant, but seems to be inseparable generically on account of intermediate forms. Probably several of the many genera indicated by Bleeker will prove valid, but only a thorough study of skele- tons can establish them. It is not unlikely that’ Ctenogobius, to which group most of our species belong, may be separable from Gobius. (09/3165; Latin, Gobius or Gobio, a name applied to the gudgeon (Gobio gobio) and Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2211 to other small fishes; allied to Cobitis, chub, etc. -According to Aposto- lides x@165 and yw/f1ds are common names in modern Greek for all species of the genus Gobius. Aristotle xw/sz0s, 610b, 4, 598a 11 16, 508b 16, 569b 23, 621b 13 19, 567b 11, 591b 13, 601b 22, 8356 14. The xw/sz0s has many pyloric appendages above the stomach, spawns near the land on the rocks, the bunches of eggs are flat and crumbling; it feeds on mud, sea- weed, sea moss, etc.; lives near the land, gets fat in the rivers, and is found in schools. The white xw/zds, found in the Euripus of Lesbos, never leaves that lagoon for the open sea as the other fishes found there do. Latin Gobio and Cobio, Plin. Gobius, Ovid., Hal. 12,8. Martial 13, 88. Horace A. Hoffman.) GOBIUS: a. Upper rays of pectoral fin silk-like; i.e., short and very slender and flexible, free for nearly their whole length. b. Body robust, compressed posteriorly ; depth 42 to 54 in length; head broad, low, rounded in profile, its length 3, to 32 in body; eye 4 to5in head; mouth large, little oblique; lips thick; teeth in both jaws in bands, the outer series enlarged; those on lower jaw subequal; scales large, strongly ctenoid, smaller on nape and belly ; dorsal spines short, none filamentous. Color oliva- ceous, light or dark, varying from sand color to greenish black, every- where mottled and marbled with dark and paler; a faint dusky spot behind eye. D. VI-9o0r10; A.I,7to9. Scales 36 to 41. SOPORATOR, 2536. CTENOGOBIUS (xtecs, comb; Gobius): aa. Upper rays of pectoral normal, not silk-like, similar to the others. c. Scales large, 25 to 33. d. Color in life olivaceous, more or less spotted, never red. e. Dorsal soft rays 12 to 14; vertex and nape with a slight median fold of skin. Jf. Body compressed, its depth 5in length; head 3} to 32; eye 3 to 34 in head; vertex and nape with a slight median fold of skin; maxillary reaching about to front of pupil; lower jaw very slightly produced; teeth in bands, the outer slightly enlarged. Olivaceous; spinous dorsal black at tip; second dorsal finely checkered in adult. D. VI-14; A.I,11. Scales 25 or 26-10. NICHOLSII, 2537. jf. Body long. not much compressed; head 3}; eye 3 in head; no median fold on vertex and nape; a dark spot on first dorsal. EIGENMANNI, 2538. ee. Dorsal soft rays 10 to 12; no median fold of skin on vertex and nape. g- Caudal with 2 spots at its base; jaws unequal, the lower slightly produced; body robust, compressed behind, the depth 5 in total length; head 44; eye longer than snout, 34 in head; maxillary reaching pupil; teeth in a band, the outer enlarged and distant, the inner enlarged and bent back- ward. Brownish; a faint blue spot on each scale; six spots along middle of back; similar spots on scapular region and middle of sides; 2 spots on base of caudal; a dark spot above opercle; blue dots on head; a straight blue line crossing cheek above and continued on opercle; dorsals faintly spot- ted. D.VI-10; A.10. Scales 25-7. (Gill) GLAUCOFRENUM, 2539. gg- Caudal plain or with but a single spot at its base. h. Dorsal spines low, the highest little longer than head. t. Region from nape to dorsal entirely scaled. j. Pores on preopercle not very conspicuous; no canine teeth. 2212 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. k. Body very slender, compressed, the depth 5% in length; caudal much longer than head; mouth rather large, the lower jaw pro- jecting; teeth unequal, rather strong; yellowish, much spotted with darker. D. VI-12; A.12. Scales 35. : MANGLICOLA, 2540. kk. Body subfusiform, little compressed; depth 44 in length; head blunt, 4 in length, rounded in profile; eye equal to snout, 4 in head. Mouth small, horizontal, the lower jaw included; maxillary 3 in head, reaching to below eye. Teeth small, in bands in both jaws, the outer enlarged, those of the upper jaw very slender. Scales large, ctenoid, those of nape and belly little reduced. Longest dorsal spine shorter than head. Caudal scarce- ly pointed, about as long as head. Color whitish gray, middle of sides with 4 or 5 dark blotches, from each of which a narrow dark bar extends downward and forward; alarge black blotch above pectorals, obsolete in female; a small black spot at base of caudal; a dark mark below eye; vertical fins barred. D. VI-12; A.11 or12. Scales 33. STIGMATURUS, 2541, jj. Pores on preopercle very conspicuous; lower jaw with small canies. D. VI-I,9; A.1I,9. QUADRIPORUS, 2542. #%. Region between nape and dorsal with anarrow naked median strip. Body moderately elongate, sub- fusiform, the depth 54 in length. Head large, not so blunt as in G. boleosoma, its length 32 to 33 in length; anterior profile gently decurved; snout 3} to 34 in head; eye4; mouth large, slightly ob- lique; maxillary entending to front of pupil, 24 in head. Teeth small, slender and curved, in moder- ate bands. Scales moderate, ctenoid, those in front much reduced in size; breastnaked. Long- est dorsal spine1}in head. Caudalaslongas head, somewhat pointed. Olivaceous, mottled with gray; about 5 rounded dark blotches along middle of sides, the last forming a spot at base of caudal; no dark spot on side of nape; some dark marks on head; vertical fins barred. D. VI-12; A. 13. Scales 33 to 35. SHUFELDTI, 2543. tii. Region between nape and dorsal entirely naked. l, Highest rays of second dorsal little more than 4 head, none of them reaching base of caudal. m. Profile much decurved, skull rounded be- hind, without distinct median ridge; mouth horizontal. Body elongate, deepest below front of dorsal, tapering regularly backward, the greatest depth 54 in length. Head short, blunt, pro- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2218 file anteriorly abruptly decurved, cheek somewhat swollen. Length of head 34 in body. Snout about equal eye, 33 in head. Mouth horizontal, maxillary reaching to below pupil (in male); lower jaw included. Teeth in each jaw in a band, the outer row of the upper jaw large, recurved. Scales large, ctenoid, somewhat reduced an- teriorly. Nape, breast, and belly na- ked. Dorsal spines about 3 of head. Caudal pointed, 23 to 34 in body. Color olivaceous, with numerous dark re- ticulations on the back; 5 black spots along the sides, the last forming a spot on base of caudal, sometimes with V-shaped dark bars extending from them to dorsal; breast and sides of belly with numerous dark specks in male; adark line between eyes; a dark line from eye to middle of premaxillary, some dark spots be- low eye, sometimes forming bars, sometimes a stripe; a large oblique spot above pectorals, continued on opercle; a black spot at base of pecto- ral; dorsals and caudal barred, anal uniform dusky, ventrals and pectorals black in male, white in female. D. VI-11; A.10to12. Scales 25 to 30. BOLEOSOMA, 2544, mm. Profile moderately decurved; eye longer than snout, 3%in head. Color yellow- ish, oblong dark blotches on middle of sides; dorsal and caudal barred. Head 4; depth 6. D. VI-12; A. 10. FASCIATUS, 2545. ll. Highest rays of second dorsal as long as head, i the last reaching base of caudal. Body elongate, the back not arched; depth 6 in length; head 4, not compressed, the cheeks tumid. Profile abruptly decurved, the snout 3} in head. Mouth large, nearly horizontal, the maxillary reaching poste- rior edge of eye in males, middle of eye in females. Teeth in narrow bands in each jaw, the outer somewhat enlarged, the outer in some (males?) much enlarged above and recurved, the enlarged teeth fixed, the others movable. Scales large, etenoid, reduced anteriorly; belly naked. Dorsal spines little filamentous, the long- est about equal to head; caudal 24 to 3 in body. Males dark olive, with 4 oblong dark blotches along middle of sides; a dark caudal spot; a black blotch larger than eye on each side of shoulder; dorsal spotted; 2216 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, u. Scales 55 to 60; eye longer than snout, 4in head; mouth slightly oblique, the jaws equal, the maxillary not reaching center of eye; teeth in a narrow band, the outer much enlarged and separated from the others by a narrow interspace. Second dorsal spine not equal to depth of body. Caudal 33 in body. Scales on nape and axil very small, those on posterior part of body much larger. Light olive green; a series of brown spots along middle of tail; sides of head with dusky blotches, vertical fins dotted with black. D. VI-13; A.14. Scales 58-20. SAGITTULA, 2556. uu. Scales very small (60 to 90); caudal more than twice as long as headin adult. Body compressed, extremely elongate, the depth 6 to 9 in length; head higher than wide, short, compressed, 43 to 5in length; mouth wide, oblique; maxillary in adult reaching to below posterior border of eye. Lower jaw very thin and flat; teeth in both jaws small, subequal, those in the upper jaw ina single series, those of the lower in a narrow band; outer teeth somewhatmovable. Scales anteriorly small, cycloid, embedded, those behind larger and ctenoid; a few scales on upper anterior corner of opercle; dorsal fins high, some of the spines filamentous, longer than head. Caudal very long filamentous, 2 to 23in body. Lightolive; fins dusky in male; a round, black spot on side, a little larger than eye, below spinous dorsal; first dorsal spine with 2 or 3 black spots; a small dusky spot at base of caudal; emerald spot on tongue conspicuous, fad- ing in spirits. D. VI-14; A.14 or 15. v. Head 53 to 6 in length; scales 60 to 70; patch of scales on opercle obsolete. HASTATUS, 2557. vv. Head 7 to 8 in length; scales about 90; patch of scales on opercle well developed. OCEANICUS, 2558. LYTHRYPNUS (AvOpor, gore; vrvds, slumberer; a red sleeper) : oo. Soft dorsal and anal very long; D. VI-17; A.14. Body short, compressed; mouth very oblique; jaws with distant canine-like teeth. Coral red, with bluish crossbands and markings. Scales 40. DALLII, 2559. Subgenus GOBIUS. 2536. GOBIUS SOPORATOR,* Cuvier & Valenciennes. (SLEEPER; MApo; CAIMAN.) Head 3,1; to 33; depth 423 to 54; eye 4to 5. D. VI-I, 9 or10; A. I, 7 to 9; scales 35 to 41—13 to 15. Vert. 11+16. Body robust, compressed pos- *The specimens examined are from Panama, Barbados, Parad, Itapuana, Cuba, Gala- agos, Sambara, Bahia, Orange Key, Bahamas, Pernambuco, St. Thomas, Tortugas, Florida oe Martinique, Sao Matheas, Curuca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Doce. ‘‘ The color varia- tions among examples of this species are very great, specimens from one locality varying from plain sand color, or gray, to greenish black; some dark brown specimens have light bars across the back; in others the scales have light centers forming horizontal series of light lines; sometimes there are light spots on sides of head and cheek; some speci- mens are conspicuously marbled with light and dark brown, and white spots occur in the centers of some of the scales on specimens of any ground color, these white spots being brighter on some of the scales than on the others, forming interrupted longitudinal lines. If any value could be placed upon the coloration, almost every specimen would be a distinct species. The color variation is irrespective of locality, some localities having all the above-described variations. The types of Poey's mapo, lacertus, and brunneus prove to be color varieties of Gobius soporator,”’ (Eigenmann.) _——_—— oe Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2217 teriorly; head broad, low, rounded in profile; mouth large, little oblique; lips thick; teeth on upper jaw in a broad band, those of outer series en- larged, the inner ones minute; teeth on lower jaw in a broad band, the outer row enlarged, but not quite as large as the outer series on upper jaw. Anterior half of trunk scaled, head naked; scales large, strongly etenoid, smaller on nape and belly. Dorsal spines short, not filamentous; upper rays of pectoral fin silk-like, short, and very slender and flexible, free for nearly their whole length; caudal short. Skull posteriorly much as in Lophogobius cyprinoides, but the median crest reduced to a slight ridge. Lateral crests very high and closely approximated, rising obliquely outward; the inner crests meeting behind eye, the outer ones forming a very high border about the orbit. Interorbital very narrow and deep, with a median ridge. Coloration that of the rocks, usually granite gray or olivaceous, light or dark, varying from sand color to greenish black, everywhere mottled and marbled with darker and paler, often with brassy or greenish; a faint dusky spot behind eye; coloration varying indefinitely with the surroundings; pectorals, dorsals, and caudal generally mottled ; anal and ventrals usually plain. Length 3 to6 inches. Specimens from Pensacola show the following characters: Head 3} (4in total); depth4 (5). D. VI-10; A. I, 9; scales 30 to 38; 12 rows of scales from first dorsal down- ward and backward to anal. Scales on nape extremely small, those on sides firm, ctenoid; first dorsal with an oblique median shade of blackish, the base in front and the distal part light orange; second dorsal dusky at the base, with some spots, its margin light orange; caudal reddish, with dusky cross lines or spots; anal and ventral dusky, yellowish at base in the female; pectoral olivaceous, yellowish at base, reddish at tip, 2 dark spots on base of pectorals. Form robust. Head rather blunt and heavy, the snout less abruptly decurved than in G. lyricus. Mouth moderate, the jaws equal, the maxillary reaching about to front of pupil, 2} in head. Teeth in moderate bands, the outer series somewhat enlarged. Cheeks full, tumid. Eyes moderate, placed rather high, much broader than the interorbital space. Dorsal spines slender, the first longer than the other, but not filamentous, 1? in head; caudal rounded, 14 in head; upper rays of pectorals silk-like, the fin somewhat longer than the ventral, 14 in head. Color in life, very deep olive green, the back and sides obscurely barred and much marbled with different shades of olive green; cheeks with dark mark- ings, forming reticulations around pale spots; whole under part of head blackish in the males, yellowish in the females. Tropicalseas; universally distributed and almost everywhere common, lurking among stones or on sand in shallow water, or in rock pools, moving very quickly when dis- turbed; north on our coast to Carolina and Gulf of California. The commonest of all shore fishes in tropical America. Among our species it seems to be the one most nearly related to the European Gobius niger, and it may, therefore, be held to represent the subgenus Gobius, if our other species be placed in different subgenera. Perhaps all the others will ultimately be removed from Gobius. Gobius soporator, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 56, 1837, Martinique; GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., m1, 26, 549, 1861; Pory, Enumeratio, 124, 1876; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 634, 1883. 3030-——62 2218 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Gobius lineatus, JENYNS, Zool. Voy. Beagle, 95, pl. 19. fig. 2, 1842, Galapagos Archipelago. (Coll. Charles Darwin.) Gobius catulus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 169, St. Joseph Island, Texas; GirRARD, U.S.and Mex. Bound. Survey, Zool., 26, pl. 12, figs.9 and 10,1859; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l.c., 493. Gobius mapo, Pory, Memorias, I, 277, 1861,Cuba; Pory, Synopsis, 392, 1868. Gobius lacertus, PoEY, Memorias, U, 278, 1861, Cuba; PorEyY, Synopsis, 392, 1868; Pory, Enu- meratio, 125, 1876. Gobius andrei, SAUVAGE, Bull. Soc. Philom., Ser. 7, Iv, 44, 1880, Rio Guayas, Ecuador. (Coll. André.) Gobius carolinensis, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 268, Charleston, South Carolina; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 634, 1883. Gobius brunneus, Pory, Synopsis, 393, 1868, Havana; name preoccupied. Evorthodus catulus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 632, 1883. According to Dr. Eigenmann, Gobius albopunctatus of the Western Pacific can not be separated from Gobius soporator. In this case several other synonyms should be added. Subgenus CTENOGOBIUS, Gill. 2537. GOBIUS NICHOLSII, Bean. Head 3} to 32; depth 5 to 54. D. VI-I, 12 to 14; A. I, 11; seales 25 or 26-10. Body compressed; width of head about twice in its length. Mouth oblique, the maxillary reaching to front of pupil, 2} to 3 in head; lower jaw very slightly produced. Teeth present on both jaws; the outer series of long, conical teeth, placed at a considerable distance apart; the enlarged teeth on lower jaw not extending on the sides; the inner series of a band of small teeth. Interorbital space very narrow, equaling pupil. Snout 4 to 44 in head. Eyes large, placed high, 3 to 3}in head. Caudal peduncle 2? to 3} in head. Scales large, caducous, ctenoid; lacking on head, nape, and fins. Dorsal spines slender, flexible; base of first dorsal 12 to 2 in head; soft dorsal and anal similar; base of anal 1} to 14 in base of soft dorsal, and 1} to 14 in head; ventrals 1} to 1} in head, inserted below or slightly behind origin of pectorals; pectorals reaching a con- siderable distance beyond ventrals, 1,4; to 14 in head; caudal rounded, not equaling head. Color in spirits, light yellowish brown, with traces of darker, lighter below; ventrals usually dusky; spinous dorsal nar- rowly margined with black; second dorsal finely checkered in adult; other fins yellowish, not distinctly marked. Length 2 to 34 inches. Coast of British Columbia; not rare. Here described from 5 specimens from Albatross Station 2944, numbered 66 in the L. 8. Jr. Univ. Museum. (Named for Capt. Henry E. Nichols, U.S. N., its discoverer.) Gobius nicholsii, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 469, Departure Bay, British Columbia; JOPDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 946, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANY, I. ¢., 494. 2538. GOBIUS EIGENMANNI, Garman. D. VII-12; A. 13; P. 19; scales 27-7. Body rather stout, body cavity more than } the length from snout to base of caudal. Head § of the total length or of the distance to the caudal base, blunt and rounded anteriorly, very narrow between the eyes, slightly compressed, Eyes large, + of the Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2219 head, very close together. Snout short, little more than 4 as long as the eye. Mouth wide; maxillary reaching a vertical from the middle of the eye, moderately oblique. First dorsal higher, anterior 3 rays pro- longed in the filaments, third ray longest and reaching to the eighth ray of the second dorsal; origin of anal fin midway from edge of preopercle to base of caudal; pectorals nearly as long as the head; caudal as long as head, pointed. Scales large, thin, deciduous, 27 in a longitudinal series, 2rows above the lateralline. Yellowish, witha few punctulations of black near the bases of the caudal rays, with a light-edged black spot on the outer halves of the fourth to the sixth rays of the first dorsal and with a black streak around the mouth immediately above the maxillary. The long body, the large eye, the dorsal spot, and the streak above the mouth serve to dis- tinguish this species from its nearest allies of the same locality. Off Key West, in 60 fathoms. (‘‘The specific name is given in honor of the distin- guished ichthyologists who have added so much to our knowledge of the American Gobiide, C. H. and R. 8. Eigenmann.”) Gobius eigenmanni, GARMAN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Sci. State Univ. Iowa, vol. rv, No.1, 88, 1896; off Key West in 60 fathoms. (Coll. lowa Univ. Bahama Expedition.) 2539. GOBIUS GLAUCOFRENUM (Gill). Head 34; depth4}4. D.VI-10; A.1,9; P.18; lateral transverse 7. Body robust, compressed; head naked; mouth oblique, the lower jaw slightly projecting, the maxillaries extending to below pupil; teeth long, in many series, the outer curved; scales ctenoid, large. Pectoral fin with the upper rays little branched, not silk-like; cheeks scarcely tumid; caudal and pectoral longer than ventrals, about as long as head. Tawny, with a faint blue spot in the center of each scale, and with 6 spots, each formed by aggregation of dark dots, on the ridge of the back between the second dorsal spine and the axil of the soft dorsal fin; another row of similar but fainter spots runs from the scapular region, and a third row along the middle of the sides; head tawny, with dark spots and blue dots; a straight blue line across the cheek; dorsal fins with faint blue spots. Length 14 inches. Florida Keys; said to have come from the coast of Washington, but this is probably an error, as the species has not since been taken there, while 1 apparently identical has been taken at Tortugas.* (glaucus, glaucous; frenum, bridle.) *Dr. Eigenmann thus describes the specimens from the Tortugas examined by him: Gobius glaucofrenum (Gill). Head 34 (4% in total); depth 43 (53). D. VI-10; A. 10; scales in a median series, 23, in a transverse series, 8; eye as long as snout, 34 in head, jaws equal, maxillary barely reaching pupil. Teeth in bands in both jaws, those of the outer row of lower jaw enlarged. Dorsal spines scarcely filamentous, the third highest and equaling depth of body. Posterior dorsal rays highest, as high as spines; anal simi- lar to soft dorsal; pectoral long and narrow, longer tian head, 34 in body; ventral reach- ing past vent; scales large, thin, finely toothed, reduced on breast; nape naked. Color in spirits, light yellowish brown; a light spot on each scale, the spots especially con- spicuous near shoulder; 6 dark spots on middle of back; fainter but similar spots along middle of sides; a conspicuous dark spot above opercle; a wavy light line extending for- ward from it through lower rim of eye to snout; a straight paie-blue bar extending par- allel to it across preopercle and cheek to corner of mouth; a narrow faint bar below it; a triangular dark spot at corner of mouth; cheeks and prevupercle purplish chocolate; oper- ele and snout plain yellowish; 2 brown spots at base of caudal; the smaller specimens differing from this in having the markings more distinct. Length of 4 specimens examined, 12, 1%, 15, inches. (Eigenmann.) 2220 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, Ooryphopterus glaucofrenum, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 263, Coast of Washing. ton (evidently an error). Gobius glaucofrenum, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 635, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, 1. c., 494; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 59. 2540. GOBIUS MANGLICOLA, Jordan & Starks. Head 44; depth 53. D. VI-12; A.12; scales about 35, not to be exactly counted; caudal lanceolate, 2} in body; pectoral about equal to head; dorsal spine slender, not filamentous, 1} in head; eyes large, close together, the range partly vertical, the narrow interorbital deeply furrowed; no flaps on shoulder girdle; scales moderate, ctenoid anteriorly, becoming smooth behind; median keel on head slight; head naked. Body long, compressed, the head depressed, the cheeks tumid; snout bluntly trun- cate; mouth large, the maxillary reaching the middle of eye, not pro- duced backward, truncated behind, somewhat oblique, the lower jaw a little the longer; lower jaw flat; teeth strong, the outer in both jaws en- larged; cranium without median crest, abruptly widened behind eyes, Color light olive, mottled with darker; 6 oblong blotches of blackish on sides as in Gobius boleosoma, the last at base of caudal; dorsals and caudal finely checkered and barred with dark brownish orange and blackish; anal mottled; a dark shoulder spot; a dark bar before eye and 1 below eye; ventrals dusky, the edge pale. One specimen, 14 inches long. Ma- zatlan; found in the mud of the Astillero among the roots of mangrove bushes (Rhizophora mangle), (whence the name mangle; colo, I inhabit). Gobius manglicola, JORDAN & STARKS, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 496, Mazatlan. (Coll. Hop- kins Expedition to Mazatlan. Type, 3095, L.S. Jr. Univ. Mus.) 2541. GOBIUS STIGMATURUS, Goode & Bean. Head 4; depth 44; eye 4, about equal to snout. D. VI-12; A.11 or 12; scales 33. Body subfusiform, little compressed; head blunt, the profile rounded. Mouth small, horizontal, the Jower jaw included; maxillary 3 in head, reaching eye. Teeth small, in bands in both jaws, the outer en- larged, those of the upper jaw very slender. Region from nape to dorsal entirely scaled, the scales large, ctenoid, those on nape and belly little reduced. Dorsal spines short, the longest shorter than the head; caudal fin scarcely pointed, about as long as head. Grayish white, middle of sides with 4 or 5 dark blotches, from each of which a dark bar extends downward and forward; a large black blotch above pectoral, obsolete in — the female; a small black spot at base of caudal, and a dark mark below the eye; vertical fins barred. Two specimens taken in a shallow bay at Key West are thus described: Very pale olive, everywhere freckled and spotted; lower part of sides silvery, crossed by faint and narrow cross streaks of light brown; sides with about 5 faint dark blotches; a dark blotch below eye and 1 on opercle; a round black spot at base of caudal; bars on verticle fins light olive. Numerous other specimens are less freckled in coloration, and have a more diffuse caudal spot as well as a vague dark spot at the shoulder. The dusky marks on the sides are larger. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2221 We find no other differences, and refer all of them to G. stigmaturus. The relations of G. boleosoma, G. stigmaturus, and G. encwomus are certainly very intimate. Florida Keys, not very common, our specimens from Key West. (6riya, spot; dvpa, tail.) Gobius stigmaturus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 418, no type locality given, but specimens probably from Florida Keys; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 946, 1883 ; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 140; JoRDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 495. 2542. GOBIUS QUADRIPORUS, Cuvier & Valenciennes. D. VI-I, 9; A. I, 9; seales as in Gobius caninus. The 2 pores on the vertical arm of preopercle very open; 2 smaller ones above them; teeth of outer series small; 2 small canines on each side of lower jaw; dorsal spines not prolonged as filaments. Color yellowish, with lighter lines which follow the rows of scales; brown spots on dorsal; 2 lines on cheek. Surinam. (Cuvier & Valenciennes.) Not seen by us. (quatuor, four; porus, pore.) Gobius quadriporus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11. 87, 1837, Surinam ; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 61. 2543. GOBIUS SHUFELDTI, Jordan & Eigenmann. Head 32 to 33; depth 54; eye 4; snout 3} to 34. D. VI-12; A.13; scales 33 to 35. Body moderately elongate, subfusiform; head less blunt than in Gobius boleosoma, the anterior profile gently decurved; mouth large, slightly oblique; maxillary extending to front of pupil, 24in head. Teeth small, slender, and curved, in moderate bands; scales covering anterior half of trunk; head and breast naked; scales moderate, ctenoid, those in front much reduced. Longest dorsal spine 14 in head; caudal fin as long as head, somewhat pointed. Olivaceous, mottled with gray; about 5 round dark blotches along middle of side, the last at base of caudal; no dark spot on side of nape; some dark marks on head; vertical fins barred. Gulf coast of the United States, known as yet only from fresh waters about New Orleans. (Named for Dr. Robert Wilson Shufeldt, U.S. A., who collected the types.) Gobius shufeldti, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1886, 495, New Orleans. (Type, No. 35202.) 2544. GOBIUS BOLEOSOMA, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 4 (5 in total); depth 44 to5}. D.VI-12; A.I,10to12; scales 25 to 30. Body slender, subfusiform, little compressed; head moderate, not very blunt, the anterior profile somewhat evenly decurved, the snout not very short, scarcely shorter than the large eye; mouth not very large, horizontal, the lower jaw included, the maxillary extending slightly be- yond front of pupil, its length about 3 in head; teeth small, slender, in narrow bands, those of the outer series longer than the others; eyes placed high, about 4 in head; interorbital space not wider than pupil; scales moderate, ctenoid, those on nape and belly not much reduced in size; gill opening not continued forward above opercle; first dorsal with 2222 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, the spines slender but rather firm, none of them filamentous, the longest about 3 head; second dorsal and anal rather large; caudal long, pointed, slightly longer than head; pectorals large, slightly longer than head, none of the upper rays silk-like; ventrals slightly shorter than head, inserted below axil of pectorals; skull rounded behind, no ridges nor crests; crests at side minute; interorbital very narrow. Color in life: Male, deep olive green, mottled with darker; middle of side with 4 or 5 vague darker blotches; a jet-black spot above gill opening, on side of back; head mottled, dusky below; usually a dark bar below eye; dorsals tipped with bright yellowish, each crossed by numerous narrow, somewhat oblique, interrupted bars or series of spots, these being of a rich reddish brown color; caudal barred with black, its upper edge tinged with orange; anal nearly plain, with a slight orange tinge; ventrals bluish black, their edges whitisb. Female, paler and duller in color, more mottled, the black spot above gill opening obsolete or nearly so; a dark spot at base of caudal; upper fins barred, as in the male; lower fins mostly pale, tinged with orange. Many specimens of this species, the largest about 2 inches in length, were obtained in the Laguna Grande at Pensacola. It lurks in sea wrack on muddy bottoms in very shallow water (6 to 12 inches). In form, size, coloration, and movements this little fish bears a remarkable resemblance to the percoid, Boleosoma olmstedi. Gulf of Mexico, Pensacola to Key West; common in shallow sandy bays, lurking in sea wrack at the depth of a foot (whence the name foris, dart; C@ua, body). Gobius boleosoma, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 295, Laguna Grande, Pensacola; ibid, Synopsis, 946, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 495. 2545. GOBIUS FASCIATUS (Gill). Head 4 in length (4% in total); depth 6(7). D. VI-12; A. 10; scales 30-7. Body slender, elongate; head somewhat pointed; profile rounded, not as much as in Gobius garmani and Gobius boleosoma; eye large, slightly longer than snout, 3? in head; interorbital area scarcely wider than pupil; mouth slightly oblique, maxillary extending to below anterior margin of pupil, 34 in head; lower jaw thin and flat; teeth strong, recurved, in a band in each jaw, the teeth of the outer series of the upper jaw enlarged, several times as large as those of the inner series. Scales finely ctenoid (fallen off anteriorly in specimen examined); antedorsal region and breast naked. Dorsal spines slender, filamentous near tip, not reaching second dorsal, 1} in length of head; second dorsal of moderate height; caudal (tips broken) about 5 in length, 12 in length of head; ventral not reaching vent, 1} in head; pectorals pointed, equaling the head in length. Color yellowish, marbled with darker above; 4 oblong dark blotches along middle of sides; a darker spot at base of caudal; narrow dark stripes across nape; a faint dark stripe along upper margin of opercle, through lower margin of eye to snout; another extending from angle of mouth to edge of preopercle, then extending down along the margin of the preopercle and ending in a dark blotch on the lower part of the cheek; a dark spot on operele; first dorsal with 2 curved bars; caudal with 3 rather broad dark bars; anal Jordan and Evermann,—Ffishes of North America, 2223 dusky; connecting membrane of ventral white, its first rays blackish, outer rays yellowish; lower parts yellowish. West Indies; not seen by us. This description by Eigenmann, from a specimen 13 inches long, No. 13231, M. C. Z., collected in Hayti by Dr. Weinland. (fasciatus, branded.) Ctenogobius fasciatus, GILL, Fishes Trinidad, 378, 1858, Trinidad. Gobius fasciatus, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 34,1861; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 495; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 62. 2546. GOBIUS ENCEOMUS, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 4; depth 6; snout 34. D.VI-11; A.12; scales 27 to 33. Body very elongate, much tapering backward; head compressed, the cheeks high and vertical; snout very short, compressed, obtusely rounded verti- cally. Mouth nearly horizontal, low, large, the maxillary 2 in head, nearly reaching vertical from posterior margin of orbit. Teeth in very narrow bands in both jaws, those of the outer series in the upper jaw much enlarged and recurved in some specimens; eyes inserted high, the interorbital space very narrow, about as wide as pupil; diameter of orbit much greater than snout, nearly 4 of head. Gill opening 2} in head, the isthmus wide. Dorsals contiguous, the membrane of spinous dorsal reaching nearly to base of soft dorsal; dorsal spines high, of nearly uni- form length, the last reaching well beyond origin of soft dorsal when depressed; the longest spine about 4 length of head; soft dorsal and anal long and high, the posterior rays of both fins reaching at least to base of caudal when depressed; caudal lanceolate, the middle rays pro- duced, 23 in body; ventrals reaching vent, somewhat longer than pec- torals, which about equal length of head; ventral sheath well developed, its length } that of fin. Body wholly covered with large, strongly ctenoid scales, which are much reduced in size anteriorly; head, antedorsal region, and breast naked. In female specimens the mouth is evidently smaller, and the caudal less elongate. Colors in life: Male, light oliva- ceous, mottled above with darker olive brown; a series of about 4 obscure oblong dark blotches along middle of sides; a dark spot at base of cau- dal; each side of nape with an intense blue-black spot larger than eye; an obscure dusky streak from eye forward to mouth; a small dusky spot sometimes present on upper portion of base of pectorals; both dorsals translucent, with a series of bright reddish-brown spots as large as pupil; upper lobe of caudal light reddish, the lower lobe blue black; anal and ventrals dusky bluish, pectorals slightly dusky, with a narrow, bright pink border behind. Female, without bright markings; body light olive, with 5 oblong dark blotches on sides, the last on base of caudal; from each of the 3 middle blotches a V-shaped bar runs to the back (these vis- ible also in males); back somewhat mottled with dusky; a black blotch on scapula; asmall one on opercle; a dark bar from eye forward to mouth. Vertical fius with dusky streaks, these appearing on caudal in the form of cross bars; ventrals light, with 2 lengthwise dark streaks; pectorals plain. South Carolina to Key West,in sandy bays; scarce. Length 2 inches. (éyxaiw, brand; wos, shoulder.) 2294 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Gobius encwomus,* JORDAN & GILBERT, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 611, Charleston, South Carolina (Type, No. 29673, 3 specimens. Coll. C. H. Gilbert); JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 945, 1883; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 142; JORDAN & EIGENMANY, l. ¢., 496. 2547. GOBIUS STIGMATICUS (Poey). Head 4; depth 5 to 6; eye 3}. D.VI-12; A. 12 or 13; scales 27. Body a little deeper and Jess compressed than in Gobius enceomus. Anterior profile moderately decurved; back slightly arched; skull flattish behind, much broader than in G. boleosoma, with an evident median ridge; mouth oblique, large, lower jaw thin and flat, maxillary reaching to below pupil. Teeth above uniserial, some of them enlarged and recurved; lower teeth in a narrow band, males sometimes with the hindmost of the outer series a strong, exserted, recurved canine (present in Poey’stype). Anterior half of body scaled except region between nape and dorsal, which is naked; breast naked. Longest dorsal spine } head, sometimes elongate; caudal 3iin body. Light greenish, sides of male with 5 or 6 narrow, straight, whitish or yellowish cross bars, regularly placed; 4 dark bars on head, 3 below the eye and 1 on opercle; a small dark spot behind and above opercle; ventral fins barred; female with a row of irregular dark spots connected by a dusky streak, the pale cross bars obsolete. Coast of North Caroiina, Florida Keys, the West Indies, southward to Rio Janeiro; common at Havana. Subject to considerable variation. Brazilian speci- mens said by Eigenmann to be darker, the bars on cheek conspicuous; third dorsal spine often much elongate, reaching fifth dorsal ray, last soft ray sometimes reaching caudal. (stigmaticus, spotty.) Smaragdus stigmaticus, PoEY, Memorias, 1, 281, 1861, Cuba. Gobionellus stigmaticus, Pony, Synopsis, 394, 1868; Pory, Enumeratio, 126, 1876; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 947, 1883. Gobius stigmaticus, JORDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 49; JORDAN & EIGENMANYN, l. c., 496. 2548. GOBIUS LYRICUS, Girard. Head 44; depth 43. D. VI-11; A. I, 10; scales 27. Body rather elon- gate, moderately compressed; head rather short, the profile very obtuse, descending abruptly from before the front of the eye to the snout; eyes small, placed high, about ‘as long as snout, and about 44 in head; mouth nearly horizontal, much below level of eye, the maxillary extending to beyond pupil, 22 in head; jaws subequal; teeth strong, in 1 series in each jaw; in the lower jaw about 4 shortish, canine-like teeth behind the other teeth; anterior teeth of lower jaw small, of upper jaw rather large; gill ene small specimen, taken with the seine in a shallow bay, at Key West, is described as follows: Light green, with 5 diffuse spots of darker green on sides, the posterior one most con- spicuous; pectorals, both dorsals, and caudal edged above with pale orange; ventrals mostly black, edged with paler; anal dark; a conspicuous dusky shoulder spot; maxil- lary reaching to below middle of eye; caudal about 4 longer than head. Lateral line about 30. This little specimen appears to be identical with that described by us from Charleston under the name Gobius enceomus. The species is allied to G. stigmaturus, but has a much slenderer body. The number of scales in a lateral series is less than 37, Le fiiraa originally stated by us, There are about 33 in this specimen. (Jordan & ilbert, ee Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2225 opening not continued forward above opercle; first dorsal with 2 or 3 spines filamentous, the longest reaching past the middle of the second dorsal, which is of moderate height and similar to the anal; caudal long and pointed, + longer than the head; pectoral as long as head, about reaching front of anal; upper rays of pectorals not silk-like; ventrals somewhat shorter than head, their insertion below front of pectorals; scales large, rough, those on nape, pectoral region, and belly reduced in size; head naked. Color in life, dark olive, with 4 or 5 irregular confluent blackish cross bands, besides dark blotches and irreguiar markings; head marbled with darker, the jaws, opercles, and branchiostegals blackish; first dorsal mostly dusky translucent, semewhat barred; second dorsal and anal plain dusky; caudal dark blue, with 2 longitudinal stripes of bright red; pectoral finely barred or reticulated with blackish and pale; head and belly yellowish. Female specimens duller and paler. Gulf of Mexico, from Galveston to Cuba and the Lesser * Antilles; rather common. (lyricus, pertaining to a lyre, apparently an allusion to the dorsal spines. ) Gobius lyricus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 169, Brazos Santiago, Texas; GriraArpD, U.S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., 25, pl. 12, figs. 4 and 5, 1859; GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 550, 1861; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 496; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANY, l. c., 63. Smaragdus costalesi, POEY, Memorias, U, 280, 1861, Havana. (Type, No. 13109, M. C. Z. Coll. Felipe Poey.) Gobius wurdemanni, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 169, Brazos Santiago; probably the female; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 634.+ Euctengobius lyricus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 633, 1883. 2549. GOBIUS GARMANI, Eigenmann & Eigenmann. Head 4 in length (53 in total); depth 4 (54). D. VI-11; A. 11; scales 30-7. Body robust, head short and blunt; profile in front of eye abruptly decurved, rounded much as in Gobius boleosoma; mouth inferior, horizon- tal; lower jaw included; maxillary extending to below pupil, 2} in head; lips thin; teeth short and thick, in a single series in each jaw. Dorsals contiguous; dorsal spines filamentous, the second and third longer than the rest, reaching past first third of second dorsal; last dorsal rays reach- ing base of caudal; pectorals equaling head in length; ventral short and broad, 5 in body; caudal rather long and pointed, 3 in body. Scales large, slightly reduced and cycloid on nape. Color yellowish, marbled with brown; a series of irregular blotches along the sides; a light spot at base *A specimen from St. Kitts is thus described by Eigenmann: ‘‘ Depth 5 in length; head 4. The second and third dorsal spines extend to base of caudal; dorsal scarcely less than length of head, the last rays reaching past base of caudal; the caudal fin is 3 longer than the head, 24 in body. Color light brown, faintly marked with darker; the first dorsal with minute dark points, the lower fourth of the spines with simple dark spots, above which are jet-black spots ocellated with white; the second dorsal fin dusky, darker pos- teriorly, the basal portion of the last half of the fin evenly black, the anterior 4 rays marked with dark points similar to the spotson the lower parts of the spines of the first dorsal; eaudal dusky, with 2 light bars; anal plain, darker than body; ventral fins blackish, edged with white; pectorals blackish, with many series of white spots on the membrane, and short, white bars at base; branchiostegal membrane black, with a light margin. tGobius wurdemanni, Girard. Appearance of Gobius lyricus. Reddish brown, ob- scurely barred with dusky. Head larger; caudal shorter; ventrals shorter; anal lower; scales smaller than in G. lyricus ; teeth very slender, much smaller than in G. lyricus ; third dorsal spine filamentous. D. VI-11; A. 12. Brazos Santiago, Texas. (Girard.) (Named for Dr, Gustay Wiirdemann, its collector.) 2226 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. of caudal, partly or wholly surrounded by a broad ring of dark brown; head slate color, white below; 3 dark bars extending forward and down- ward from eye to mouth; a triangular spot on opercle; dorsals, caudal, and pectorals finely barred with black; a chocolate bar on hase of ventral; anal margined with white; an irregular black bar on shoulder and upper half of pectoral; everywhere more or less blotched with darker, the blotches at times forming numerous bars across the back. Dominica, Fort de France, Martinique, St. Kitts. (Eigenmann & Eigenmann.) Not seen by us. Apparently very close to Gobius lyricus, if not the same. (Named for its discoverer, Prof. Samuel Garman.) Gobius garmani, EIGENMANN & EIGEMANN, Bull. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 61, Dominica, Fort de France, Martinique, St. Kitts. (Coll. Samuel Garman.) 2550. GOBIUS ZEBRA, Gilbert. Head 3;edepth 44; eye 3} in head. D. VI-11 or 12; A. 9. Body not elongate, the snout short, the mouth oblique, with maxillary reaching below middle of orbit. Mouth small, the maxillary 2} in head. Interor- bital space very narrow. Teeth in upper jaw in a narrow band or double series, the outer row enlarged and spaced; lower jaw apparently with a single series, similar to the outer row in the upper jaw. Seales cycloid, large, wanting on nape and a narow strip along base of spinous dorsal. Color cherry red, head and sides with 15 blue cross bars, a little narrower than interspaces, encircling the body posteriorly, lacking for a short dis- tance on belly and under side of head; on upper side of head and nape these bars run obliquely forward and downward, but elsewhere vertical ; on middle of each interspace a very narrow blue line, becoming indistinct on lower part of sides; on cheeks the blue bars are connected by narrow cross lines, forming blue reticulations surrounding round spots of the ground color. Length of types 4 inch. Two specimens from Albatross Station 2989, west coast of Mexico, in 36 fathoms. (zebra, zebra, from the stripes. ) Gobius zebra, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 73, Albatross Station 2989, west Coast of Mexico. Subgenus EUCTENOGOBIUS, Gill. 2551. GOBIUS POEYI, Steindachner. Head broad and flattish; depth 64 in total length; eye 44, 14 in interor- bital width, longer than snout; snout short and decurved. D. VI-9; A.9; scales 40. Maxillary extending to below middle of eye. Some of the dor- sal spines produced and filamentous, the third 14 times depth of body; caudal short, rounded. Two rows of ill-defined blotches on upper half of body; dorsals and caudal sharply barred, anal and ventrals dusky (male). A small round dark spot at base of caudal. (Steindachner.) Barbados; not seen by us. (Named for Prof. Felipe Poey.) Gobius poeyi, STEINDACHNER, Ichthyol. Notizen, v1, 44, 1867, Barbados; JORDAN & EIGEN- MANN, l. c., 497. | ee Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2227 2552. GOBIUS BADIUS (Gill). Head 6 in total; depth 7. D.VI-I,10; A.I,10; scales 50-18. Anterior profile very oblique; a line of pores above each eye; 2 on upper ascending margin of preopercle; eye 4 in head; interorbital space 34 in eye; caudal 5 in total length; pectoral 6. Color dark bay with a posteriorly straight heavy dot in the center of each scale on back and sides above; head plumbeous, with 2 livid blue bands from eye to upper jaw. (Gill). About mouth of Amazon; not seen by us. (badius, bay color, dark red.) Buctenogobius badius, GILL, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. ¥., vu, 1857, 47, Amazon. Gobius bosci, SAUVAGE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, Iv, 44, 1880. Gobius badius, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, l.c., 65. Subgenus GOBIONELLUS, Girad. 2553. GOBIUS MICRODON, Gilbert. Head 44; depth 5. D. VI-13; A. 14; scales 62. Head and body com- pressed, everywhere deeper than wide. Mouth at lower profile of snout, nearly horizontal, the lower jaw extremely weak, broadly rounded ante- riorly; maxillary reaching vertical from hinder margin of pupil, nearly +length of head. Teeth minute scarcely perceptible without the use of a lens, those in upper jaw ina single series. Mandible with a close set outer series of teeth, separated by an interval from an inner narrow band of still smaller teeth. Interorbital space narrow, less than diameter of pupil. Isthmus wide, the gill slits extending little below base of pecto- rals, Scales minute and cycloid anteriorly and on belly, becoming larger posteriorly; on sides they are everywhere ctenoid behind the middle of spinous dorsal; belly wholly scaled; nape scaled forward nearly to orbits, but with a narrow median naked streak running back to front of dorsal; breast and sides of head naked. Dorsal fins not connected. First 4 spines filamentous, the longest longer than head, reaching when depressed to base of third ray of soft dorsal. Soft dorsal and anal simi- lar, not high, the last rays not extending beyond the base of caudal; caudal lanceolate, much longer than head; pectorals and ventrals about equal, reaching vent. Color nearly uniform light olive, with minute darker punctulations which sometimes form darker margins to the scales; an oblique dusky streak on opercle; 3 or 4 oblique obscure dark cross bars on spinous dorsal, and 4 or 5 on tail; ventrals with white pigment. Length 2inches. San Juan Lagoon, west coast of Mexico. (Gilbert.) (suzxpos, small; ddov's, tooth.) Gobius microdon, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 554, San Juan Lagoon, north of Rio Ahomé, Mexico. (Coll. Gilbert.) 2554. GOBIUS SMARAGDUS, Cuvier & Valenciennes. (ESMERALDA.) Head 4; depth 54 to 52; eye 4to5. D. VI-11 or 12; A. 11 or 12; scales 39 to 42. Body moderately elongate, compressed; head not compressed; the cheeks tumid; the snout short and abruptly decurved; mouth large, little oblique; lower jaw slightly inferior; maxillary reaching to below 2228 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. pupil or to posterior margin of orbit, 24 to 24 in head; outer row of teeth on upper jaw enlarged; the narrow band of teeth back of this row sepa- rated from it by a space; teeth on lower jaw in a band, subequal. Scales cycloid anteriorly, becoming larger and ctenoid posteriorly. Caudal 2} to 24in body. Male, light olive, with dark-olive blotches; body and head with many conspicuous round cream-colored spots, each surrounded by a dusky ring, these smaller than pupil and most distinct on head; snout with dusky streaks; dorsal and caudal plainly barred ; pectoral crossed with dark wavy lines, dusky at base; anal and ventrals dusky; a small dark spot at base of caudal; a shining deep-green spot inside the mouth in life. Female, plain olivaceous, nearly or quite immaculate. West Indies, south to Rio Janeiro; north to St. Augustine, Florida (Dr. Oliver P. Hay), and to Charleston (C. H. Gilbert); specimens before us from Marco Island, Florida (J. A. Hen- shall). (Guapay6os, emerald, from the bright-green spot on the tongue.) Gobius smaragdus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xm, 120, 1837, Cuba; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, I. c., 497. Smaragdus valenciennei; POEY, Memorias, 11, 280, 1861, Cuba. Gobionellus smaragdus, POEY, Synopsis, 394, 1868; Pory, Enumeratio, 126, 1876. 2555. GOBIUS STRIGATUS, O'Shaughnessy. Head 33; depth 5; eye 54, shorter than the rounded snout. D. VI-12; A. 11 or 12; scales 53-13. Body elongate, compressed posteriorly; head little compressed; maxillary reaching to below middle of eye; teeth small, the outer a little enlarged; dorsal spines all shorter than head, not fila- mentous. Head naked; anterior half of body covered with ctenoid scales, those on nape much reduced in size. Two violet stripes from mouth to eye, 8 or 9 violet bars on side, 3 or 4 on caudal; second dorsal spotted. (Steindachner.) Coast of Surinam. (strigatus, striped.) Gobius strigatus, O'SHAUGHNESSY, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., series 4, XV, 1875, 145, Surinam. Gobius kraussi, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitrage, vi, 16, 1879, Surinam; JORDAN & EIGEN- MANN, l. c., 497. 2556. GOBIUS SAGITTULA (Ginther). Head 4} to 5 in length to base of caudal; depth 6 to 8; eye 44 to 54. D. VI-13 or 14; A. 13; scales about 66 in longitudinal, 15 in transverse series, counted just below space between the two dorsals. Body slender, taper- ing pretty regularly from middle of first dorsal to caudal, most compressed posteriorly, depth about uniform from head to origin of second dorsal. Head short, depressed, and broad; mouth large, nearly horizontal, the maxillary in adults 2? in head, reaching beyond middle of eye; dis- tance between maxillaries at their posterior ends greater than their length; eye about 7 the bony interorbital space. Teeth in a narrow band in each jaw, those in lower jaw uniform, the outer series in upper jaw considerably enlarged and separated by an interspace from the inner band. Pseudobranchize well developed. Gill rakers short and flexible. Longest dorsal spine about # head; distance between dorsals less than diameter of eye; pectorals 14 in head, their tips reaching past middle of spinous dorsal; ventrals about equaling pectorals, reaching more than halfway to origin of anal; anal equal and opposite to the second dorsal, but slightly lower; caudal fin greatly elongate, more than + head and Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2229 body in largest specimens, 24 in smaller ones, its relative length increasing with age. Head scaleless, predorsal region with small scales; body coy- ered with close-set ctenoid scales, small and greatly crowded anteriorly, toward the caudal fin growing gradually larger and more strongly ctenoid. General color light yellowish, palest below, upper parts darker; middle of sides with 5 elongate black blotches, most distinct in the young; the first under first dorsal, second under origin of second dorsal, the third, which is sometimes almost double, at about middle of second dorsal, the fourth near its posterior end, and the last at base of caudal; a large black spot upon each shoulder just above origin of pectoral fin; head plain; lips and maxillary dark; opercle with a dark blotch; basal portion of dorsal fins with dark lines formed of spots; anal unmarked; pectorals with cross lines formed of dots; ventrals plain; caudal crossed by numer- ous narrow dark bars. Reaching a length of 8 inches. Gulf of California and neighboring waters south to Panama; very common in lagoons and mouths of rivers. The types of sagittula are evidently the young, those of longicauda the adults of the same species. (diminutive of sagitta, arrow.) Euctenogobius sagittula, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1861, 3, West coast Central America, young individuals; GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes, 11, 555, 1861; GUNTHER, Fishes of Centr. Amer., 389, 1869. Gobius longicauda, JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 146, adult examples, Guaymas. (Coll. Evermann & Jenkins. Type, No.39636.) Gobdius sagittula, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, I. c., 497. 2557. GOBIUS HASTATUS, Girard. (EMERALD FIsH; SHARP-TAILED GOBY.) Head 43 to5; depth 6 to 73. D. VI-14; A. 14 or 15; scales 60; vertebre 11+15. Body compressed, extremely elongate; depth nearly equal through- out; head short, compressed, deeper than wide; mouth wide, oblique, the jaws equal; maxillary in adult reaching to below posterior border of eye; lower jaw very thin and flat; teeth in each jaw small, subequal, those in the upper jaw in a single series, those in the lower jaw in a narrow band; outer teeth somewhat movable; scales anteriorly small, cycloid, and embedded, those behind larger and ctenoid; the scales larger than in Gobius oceanicus; a few scales on upper anterior corner of opercle, but without the large patch seen in G. oceanicus; dorsal fins high, some of the spines filamentous and longer than the head; caudal very long and fila- mentous, 2 to 24 in body; pectoral slightly longer than head or than ven- trals, none of its rays silk-like. A single specimen from Ceylon belongs to.this species, which appears to be characterized by a longer head (5 in length, 7 in total), by the much larger scales (60 in a lateral line), by the obsolescence of the patch of scales on opercles, and by slightly differ- ent coloration. This may be really only the extreme of variation of G. oceanicus, with which species most authors have hitherto confounded it. The twoneed detailed comparison. Coast of Texas. (hastatus, spear-like.) Gobionellus hastatus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 168, St. Josephs Island, Texas; GIRARD, U.S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., 25, pl. 12, figs. 7 and 8, 1859. Gobius lanceolatus, GUNTHER, Cat., 1, 50,1861, and of authors; not of BLocu. 2230 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2558. GOBIUS OCEANICUS, Pallas. (ESMERALDA; ENDORMI EMERAUDE; BACALHAO SABARA.) Head 44 to 6; depth 6} to 84; eye 4 to 5 in head; ventral 6 to 63; pectorals 53 to 64. D. VI-14. A. I, 14 or 15; scales about 65. Body extremely elongate; head very short; upper part of opercle scaled, head otherwise naked. Scales on body very small, becoming much larger behind. All the dorsal spines more or less filamentous; caudal fin nearly half length of rest of body. Skull behind eye broad and short, its length 1} in width, no decided ridges nor crests; lateral crests large and stout behind, minute forward; interorbital area narrow, deeply grooved, with a median ridge. Color in spirits, reddish olive; a distinct, round, black- ish blotch below spinous dorsal, twice as large as orbit; an indistinct dusky shade along middle of sides, terminating in a dusky blotch on base of caudal; middle of sides with a series of marks, formed by very veiny lines widely diverging backward; a similar narrow line from eye to maxillary, and 1 from eye backward to upper angle of preopercle; evi- dent traces of the emerald spot at base of tongue; 2 small dark spots on first dorsal spine; spinous dorsal dusky, with a light and dusky streak at base; soft dorsal dusky, a light (bluish in life) area behind each ray; anterior rays barred with light and dark; anal and ventrals whitish (prob- ably blue in life), the ventrals without dark markings; pectorals dusky, the base lighter, and with some indistinct dusky bars; a dusky half bar on the upper part of the axil; base of tongue tuberculate, and shining with bright blue and green reflections like a precious stone (hence the names smaragdus, esmeralda, etc.), this color fading in spirits. Vertebre elongate, 11+15—26. Length a foot. South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States and southward through the West Indies; not rare, perhaps intergrading with the preceding. Here described from a speci- men 11 inches long, taken by Dr. Gilbert in Charleston Harbor. (oceanicus, ocean.) Gobius cauda longissima acuminata, Gnronow, Zooph., 82, No. 277, pl. 4, fig. 4, 1763, locality unknown. Gobius oceanicus, PALLAS, Spicilegia, vill, 4, 1769, locality unknown; after GRONOw ;JoR- DAN & EIGENMANN, lL. c, 497. Gobius lanceolatus, Buocu, Fische Deutschlands, 1, 8, pl. 38, fig. 1, 1783, Martinique, figure probably from PLUMIER; CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 114, 1837; PoEy, Synopsis, 393, 1868. Gobius bacalaus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 119, 1837, Surinam (Coll. Le Valliant); Cayenne (Coll. Richard); Cuba (Coll. Poey). Gobionellus oceanicus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 613; JORDAN & GIL- BERT, Synopsis, 636, 1883. Subgenus LYTHRYPNUS, Jordan & Evermann. 2559. GOBIUS DALLI, Gilbert. Head 33; depth 44. D. VI-17; A. 14; scales 40. Body short, com- pressed, resembling Microgobius. Head high, mouth moderate, very oblique; upper pectoral rays normal; scales ctenoid, of moderate size; anterior dorsal spines much produced. Mouth very oblique, the maxillary Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2231 reaching vertical from front of pupil, 24 in length of head. Snout short, } diameter of orbit, which is3 in head. Jaws withan outer series of long. distant, canine-like teeth, and an inner series or a narrow band of minute teeth. Dorsal spines 6, the 2 anterior greatly elongate, not free, in our largest specimen extending beyond middle of soft dorsal; membrane from last dorsal spine reaching to, or nearly to, base of first soft ray; soft dorsal rather high, the fin long; caudal rounded, less than length of head; ventrals free from belly, fully united; pectorals short, the upper rays not free nor silk-like. Scales of moderate size, ctenoid, covering entire trunk, with possible exception-of the nape; the scales are readily cadu- cous, and are lacking on nape and frequently on anterior third of body in our specimens. Color light coral red, anteriorly with 4 to 6 narrow blue bands not reaching ventral outline, the posterior ones growing narrower and fainter; a blue streak upward and backward from each orbit, the 2 uniting on occiput; a transverse interorbital bar, a continuation of which encircles the orbit anteriorly; below orbit, a blue bar consisting of 2 portions, 1 running downward and obliquely backward, the other upward and backward; in the iargest specimen a blue streak runs from occiput along profile to front of dorsal; the first blue bar runs from nape obliquely downward and forward, ending on opercle; the second verti- cally downward from front of spinous dorsal, the third under middle of spinous dorsal, the remaining bars under soft dorsal; fins unmarked. Several small specimens, the largest 1 inch long, from Albatross Station 3001, in33 fathoms. A single slightly larger example dredged by Dr. W. H. Dall, in about 35 fathoms, off Catalina Harbor, California. Probably the type of a distinct genus distinguished by the many-rayed fins and the form of the body and head. (Named for its discoverer, William Healey Dall.) ’ Gobius dalli, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 73, Albatross Station 3001, Lower Cali- fornia (Coll. Albatross); Catalina Harbor (Coll. W. H. Dall). : 814. GARMANNIA, Jordan & Evermann. (HALF-NAKED GOBIES.) Garmannia, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 495, pl. 49 (paradoxus). Enypnias, JORDAN & EVERMANN, new subgenus (seminudus). Anterior half of body naked; posterior half covered with moderate or small scales; teeth rather strong, unequal, usually 2 small curved canines infront. Very small gobies. Otherwise essentially as in Gobius. (“Named for Mr. Samuel Garman, the accomplished ichthyologist of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass., in recognition of his important contributions to ichthyology.”) GARMANNIA: a. Scales moderate. b. Scales ctenoid, 13 or 14 series developed; first dorsal spine filamentous; D. VI- 11; A.9. Body rather robust, the depth about 4% in length; the head 34; lower jaw with 2 curved canines. PARADOXA, 2560. bb. Scales smaller, 17 series developed; depth 42 in length. D. VI-10; A. 8; first dorsal spine not filamentous; lower jaw with small canines. HEMIGYMNA, 2561. 2232 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. ENYPNIAS (év7v.0s, in one’s sleep) : aa. Scales excessively minute; body slender, the depth 6 in length. D.VI-15; A.10; dorsal spines not filamentous; lower jaw with 2 small curved canines in front. SEMINUDA, 2562. Subgenus GARMANNIA. 2560. GARMANNIA PARADOXA (Giinther). Head about 3} (44 in total); depth about 43 (53 with caudal). D. VI-11; A. 9; scales 14. Head nearly as broad as high, its width being rather more than } of its length. Eyes rather close together, of moderate size. Snout obtuse, rounded, as long as the eye; cleft of the mouth slightly oblique, with the jaws equal in length, and with maxillary extending to below middle of the eye. Teeth in villiform bands; 2 curved canine teeth on each side of the lower jaw. Head and trunk entirely naked to between second dorsal and anal, the remainder covered with ctenoid scales of moderate size, 9 or 10 of them in 1 of the anterior transverse series. First dorsal spine elongate, filiform, sometimes extending to the base of the caudal; caudal rounded, shorter than head; none of pectoral rays silk-like; ventral terminating at a great distance from vent. Blackish in spirits; caudal and ventral fins black, dorsal filament whitish. (Giin- ther.) Panama to Mazatlan; scarce. Our single specimen from the estuary at Mazatlan differs somewhat from Dr. Giinther’s account. It is thus described: -Head 34; depth 44. D. VI-11; A. 9; scales 12; eye 4 in head; snout 4}; pectoral 1} in head; dorsal spine 14. Form of Gobi- osoma bosci. Body compressed; head broad and depressed, with tumid cheeks; snout not very blunt, short, oblique-truncate; eyes rather large, high, the maxillary not produced, extending to their posterior margin; mouth large, oblique; lower jaw heavy, slightly projecting; teeth strong; gill openings narrow, not wider than base of pectoral. First-dorsal rather high, the first spine filamentous, reaching past soft dorsal; other fins low. Head and anterior half of body to front of soft dorsal naked; scattering scales coming in above, 12 rows of imbricated slightly ctenoid scales along median line of caudal peduncle and forward to middle of soft dorsal, the scaled area about as long as head, the upper parts better scaled than lower. No flaps on shoulder girdle. Olivaceous, with 7 or 8 dark cross shades, 2 on head, 1 across gill openings, 1 behind pectoral, and a broad 1 below soft dorsal; dorsals dusky, the filamentous ray pink; lower half of soft dorsal yellowish, upper dusky; lower fins black; candal dusky; a | dark speck at angle of opercle; skin everywhere punctate with black; a pale olive bar at base of caudal. Skull without median crest; interorbital space not concave; head not very abruptly widened behind eyes. Pacific coast of Mexico and Central America. One specimen, 14 inches long, recently obtained on muddy bottoms among the mangroves lining the estuary ut Mazatlan. (paradoxus, paradox.) Gobius paradoxus, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1861, 3, west coast Central America; GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 549, 1861; JoRDAN & EIGENMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 498. Garmannia paradoxa, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 497, pl. 59. Jordan and Evermann, —Fishes of North America, 2233 2561. GARMANNIA HEMIGYMNA (Eigenmann & Eigenmann). Head 33 (44 in total); depth 43. D.VI-10; A.8; scales smaller than in Garmannia paradoxa, 17-7. Body compressed, depressed anteriorly, the greatest depth in this specimen being at origin of anal and second dorsal fins. Head wider than deep, rounded; profile much decuryed from eye to mouth as in paradoxa; eye perfectly round, smaller than in paradoxa, 14 in rounded snout, 5 in head; interorbital space scarcely wider than orbit; mouth somewhat oblique, larger thanin paradoxa; maxillary reach- ing beyond posterior rim of orbit; lower jaw slightly shorter than upper; teeth in upper jaw in a band, the outer series remote, and the teeth several times as large as in the inner row, all more or less movable; teeth in lower jaw similar, arecurved canine on each side near the front. Scales very weakly ctenoid, covering only the sides of the posterior half of body, not extending quite to base of dorsal or anal fins even at their posterior inser- tion; the upper and lower edges of the caudal peduncle likewise free from scales, the scaly region, however, widest on peduncle and tapering for- ward to the central point opposite beginning of anal, where the scales are smallest. First spine of the dorsal not elongate as in G. paradoxa, 14 in head, the third, fourth, and fifth spines slightly exceeding the first in height, equaling the posterior rays of soft dorsal, which are little higher than the anterior rays of the soft dorsal; caudal rounded, about 4in length of body, 14 in head; ventral not reaching vent, 14 in head; pectorals rounded, rather short and broad, 1}in head. Color light olivaceous, with- out distinct markings, everywhere with minute dark punctulations; 8 faint cross bars from dorsal to middle of sides, which, close under dorsal fins, are formed of 2 blackish dots; 8 black dots along lateral line, the last at base of caudal; fins all smutty, the pectoral lightest, white on its anterior half, 2 dusky spots at its base; opercle ashy; a light bar at base of caudal; iris blackish blue, a short straight streak of same color from eye to upper lip; an irregular bluish mark on cheeks formed of punctula- tions closely crowded. West Indies, exact locality unknown; taken with the dredge. (72, half; yuurvds, naked.) Gobius hemigymnus, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 66, dredged in the West Indies. Subgenus ENYPNIAS, Jordan & Evermann. 2562. GARMANNIA SEMINUDA (Giinther). Head 4; depth 6. D.VI-15; A.10. Head and anterior portion of trunk naked; sides with exceedingly small scales, becoming somewhat larger posteriorly. Head with the cheeks swollen, depressed, broader than high, its width } length. Eyes close together, directed upward, of moderate size; snout obtuse, as long as the eye; cleft of the mouth slightly oblique, with the jaws equal anteriorly, and with the maxillary extending to below the middle of the eye. Teeth in villiform bands, the anterior of the lower jaw slightly enlarged; 2 small curved canine teeth on each side of lower jaw. Dorsal fins rather low, the hind part of the spinous dorsal scarcely lower than anterior; caudal rounded, as long as pectoral; none of pectoral 3030-——63 2234 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. rays silk-like; ventral rather short, terminating at a great distance from vent. Blackish; fins and sides of head dotted with black; ventrals black. (Giinther.) Panama; not seen by us; probably the type of a distinct genus. (seminudus, half-naked. ) Gobius seminudus, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1861, 3, west coast Central America; GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 554, 1861; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 498. 815. AWAOUS, Steindachner. Awaous,* STEINDACHNER, Verk, Mat. Phys. Naturw. 1860, 289; after les Awaous of CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (ocullaris, etc). Chonophorus, PoEY, Memorias, 11, 274, 1861 (buccelentus—taiasica). Awaous, BLEEKER, Esquisse d’un Syst. Nat. Gobioides, 320, 1874 (ocellaris); after les Awaous of CUVIER & VALENCIENNES. Inner edge of shoulder girdle with 2 or more conspicuous dermal flaps; preorbital region very long; premaxillary and maxillary strong; lips thick; scales rather small, ctenoid, 40 to 80 in a longitudinal series; interorbital groove with a conspicuous median crest; otherwise essentially as in Gobius. The species reach a large size and are confined to the fresh waters of the tropics of America and the Hawaiian Islands. The Asiatic species of sim- ilar habit have much larger scales and seem to forma distinct genus, Rhino- gobius, Gill. The physiognomy in each is peculiar, the snout being long and convex. (Awaou, a Hawaiian name.) a. Scales about 53, little crowded anteriorly, 21 before dorsal onnape; depth 53 in length; head 4; eyes placed high, interorbital area equal to diameter of eye; mouth hor- izontal; maxillary extending to middle of eye, 24 in head, lower jaw wore flat than in A. taiasica; teeth small, in narrow bands, those of the outer row above enlarged, some large teeth in band of lower jaw. D, VI-I,12; A,1I,10. Uniform yellowish in spirits. FLAVUS, 2563. aa. Scales 60 to 70, crowded anteriorly, about 30 scales before the dorsal on nape; body compressed posteriorly, rather depressed anteriorly; greatest depth 54 in length; head 34in length. Olivaceous, a series of irregular, roundish blotches along middle of sides; narrow dark streaks radiating from eye; a blackish streak running across upper margin of opercle and extending obliquely across base of upper pectoral rays; belly white; dorsal and caudal more or less distinctly barred with wavy blackish lines. b. About 15 scales between second dorsal and base of anal. NELSONI, 2564. bb. About 21 scales between second dorsal and base of anal. TAIASICA, 2565. aaa. Scales 76 to 82; 24 scales between second dorsal and anal; head as broad as high; depth of bedy 62in length; head 4; head flat above, snout elongate, upper pro- file oblique; eye 3 of head, eqpals interorbital area (in adult); mouth horizon- tal; lower jaw included; maxillary reaching to below anterior margin of eye; teeth of the outer series enlarged; canine teeth none; scales ctenoid, those on nape and anterior part of body very small; head naked; dorsal fins lower than body, none of the spines produced; caudal rounded, 7 in length of body. Yellowish olive; back and sides reticulated with blackish; head, dorsal, cau- dal, and pectoral fins dotted with blackish, the spots forming streaks on second dorsal; 6 cross series of dots on the caudal; an irregular small blackish spot on the upper part of the root of pectoral. D, VI-11; A.11; scales about 80. MEXICANUS, 2566. *The name ‘‘Les Awaous,” given to this group by Valenciennes, was a French plural, not a generic appellation, and if used as the name of a genus must be dated from its use in that sense by Steindachner or Bleeker. The Hawaiian type of ‘‘Awaous’’ agrees with the American species (Chonophorus) in the character of the flaps on the shoulder girdle, as well as in general appearance. The Asiatic genus, Rhinogobius, Gill (similis), seems to be very close to Chonophorus, but the scales are larger, 28 in the lateral series. ee a, a Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2235 2563. AWAOUS FLAVUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head4; depth 5} to 64; eye equal to the interorbital width, placed high. D. VI-I, 12; A.1,10; scales about 53 to 55, little crowded anteriorly, 21 before the dorsal. Mouth horizontal, maxillary extending to middle of eye, 24 in head; lower jaw flatter than in Awaous taiasica; teeth small, in narrow bands, those of the outer row enlarged; some large teeth in band of lower jaw. Yellowish, with a row of faint ocellated spots along middle of sides; dorsal and caudal faintly barred; lines radiating from eye, a line along opercle halfway to pectoral, sometimes uniform blue-black. Rivers of Surinam and Brazil, south to Bahia. (flavus, yellow.) Gobius flavus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xu, 60, 1837, Surinam; GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 11, 13, 1861. Chonophorus flavus, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, I. ¢., 500; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 67. 2564. AWAOUS NELSONI, Evermann. Head 33; depth6; eye 53 in head; snout3; maxillary 2%. D.VI-11; A. 11; scalesabout 63. Body long, compressed and tapering posteriorly ; head large, quadrate, mouth nearly horizontal, lower jaw included; snout abruptly decurved; top of head flat, the interorbital with a slight median groove with a thin, raised edge on each side; maxillary reaching about to vertical of anterior edge of pupil; teeth in bands on jaws very small, the outer somewhat enlarged; pectoral rays normal, the longest 1} in head; ventrals completely united, the disk free from belly, 1% in head. Dorsal fins separated by a space about $ diameter of eye; dorsal spines slender, weak, about 1? in head; soft dorsal and anal similar, each free from caudal; caudal fin rather short and rounded, its middle rays about 1jin head. Gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus; eyes mod- erate, high up, the interorbital width equal to the eye’s diameter. Scales ctenoid, very small and irregularly crowded anteriorly, much larger pos- teriorly, about 15 rows counting from origin of soft dorsal downward and backward to the anal fin; head naked, but with slight indication of a few minute embedded scales on opercles. Color grayish; head mottled and blotched with dark; side with 7 or 8 black blotches, the largest under middle of pectoral fin; dorsals pale, crossed by several lines of black spots; caudal pale, with about 6 or 7 dark cross bars; ventrals and anal pale; pectorals pale, dusted with dark specks and with a small dark blotch at base of upper rays. Close to A. taiasica, but with broader inter- orbital, longer snout and larger scales on posterior part of body. Length 4inches. Known only from fresh water at Rosario, Sinaloa, where 8 speci- mens were obtained July 27, 1897, by Mr. E. W. Nelson. (Named for Mr. Edward William Nelson, the well-known ornithologist, in recognition of his work upon the fishes of Illinois in 1876.) Awaous nelsoni, EVERMANN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. XII, 1898, 3, fresh-water pools at Rosario, Sinaloa, Mexico. (Type, No. 48836, U.S. Nat. Mus.; cotypes, No. 533 U.S, Fish Comm., 5793 L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus., and 48837 U.S. Nat. Mus.) 2236 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2565. AWAOUS TAIASICA (Lichtenstein). (GUAVINA HOYERA; ABOMA DE Rio.) Head 34; depth 54; eye small, less than interorbital width (in adult), 3 in snout (twice in young), and about 7in head. D.VI-11; A.11; scales 60 to 70, crowded anteriorly, about 30 before dorsal fin, 21 between second dorsal and anal. Body compressed posteriorly, rather depressed anteri- orly; head broader than deep. Distance from eye to mouth 3} in head, the preorbital being much enlarged; mouth large, horizontal, maxillary extending to below anterior part of orbit in adult male, shorter in young; lower jaw included. Teeth of the upper jaw in 2 series, those in anterior series much enlarged and recurved; teeth of lower jaw in a narrow band, the outer series scarcely enlarged. Inner edge of the shoulder girdle with 2 or 3 rather long papille. Body covered with ctenoid scales, much reduced in size anteriorly; nape closely scaled, breast scaly, head naked. Dorsal fins less than depth of body, the spines scarcely filamentous, not as long as the soft rays; caudal rounded, shorter than the head; ventrals very broad and short, 1} to 14in head, the rays very much branched. Skull rounded behind, with a very short crest in its middle; lateral crests high and thin, converging into 1 opposite the insertion of suprascapula, inner crests not meeting behind eye, the outer ones extending around orbit. A low, blunt ridge between the posterior corners of orbit, becom- ing much higher forward, continued as the ethmoid and ending abruptly some distance in advance of orbit. Teeth in upper jaw in a few series, those of outer series many times larger than the others, which are minute; those of lower jaw all alike small,in a band. Olivaceous, with a series of irregular, roundish blotches along middle of side, and narrow dark streaks radiating from eye; a blackish streak running across upper margin of opercle and extending obliquely across base of upper pectoral ray; belly white; dorsal and caudal more or less distinctly barred with wavy blackish lines. Length a foot or more. Extremely variable in form and coloration, as is the case with most widely distributed fresh-water fishes. Fresh waters of the West Indies and both coasts of Mexico, south to Brazil; com- mon in Cuba, in Sinaloa, and about La Paz in Lower California, thence southward to Panama. (faiasica, Brazilian name of some other goby.) Amore guacu, MARCGRAVE, Hist. Brasil., 166, 1648, Brazil. Gobius taiasica, LICHTENSTEIN, Berl. Abhandl., 273, 1822, Brazil; not Tajasica MARCGRAVE. Gobius banana, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 103, 1837, San Domingo ; GUNTHER, Cat., 01, 59, 1861. Gobius martinicus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Xt, 105, 1837, Martinique. Chonophorus bueculentus, Pory, Memorias, 11, 275, 1861, Cuba. thinogobius contractus, * PoEyY, Memorias, U, 424, 1861, Cuba; Pory, Enumeratio, 125, 1875 *The following are the characters assigned to Awaous contractus (Poey): Head 4; depth 54; D. VI-11; A. 11; eye7 in head; maxillary ceasing 4 an eye’s diameter before eye. Head smaller than in A. taiasica. Greenish brown; the cheeks with brown lines; body with brown points; dorsals brownish, with brown longitudinal bands more numer- ous on the second; caudal with 7 brown bands, made of lanceolate spots on the rays; pectorals speckled; ventrals and anal rose color. Cuba (Poey); probably not different from A taiasica; said to differ in the small mouth, which probably varies with age and sex. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North A merica. 2237 Gobius dolichocephalus, Corr, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila. 1869, 403, near Orizaba, Mexico. Euctenogobius latus, O SHAUGHNESSY, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 4, xv, 1875, 146, Bahia. (Coll. Dr. Wucherer.) Chonophorus taiasica, JORDAN & EIGENMANY, l. ¢., 500. 2566. AWAOUS MEXICANUS (Giinther). Head 4; depth 62; eye 8. D. VI-11; A. 11; scales 76 to 82, 24 between second dorsal and anal. Head as broad as deep, flat above, snout elon- gate, upper profile oblique; mouth horizontal, lower jaw included, max- illary reaching to below anterior margin of eye. Teeth of the outer series enlarged; no canine teeth. Scales ctenoid, those on nape and anterior part of body very small; head naked. Dorsal fins lower than depth of body, none of the spines produced; caudal rounded, 7 in length of body. Yellowish olive; back and sides reticulated with blackish; head, dorsal, caudal, and pectoral fins dotted with blackish, the spots forming streaks on second dorsal; 6 cross series of dots on caudal; an irregular, small blackish spot on the upper part of the base of the pec- toral. (Giinther.) Fresh-water streams of the eastern slope of Mexico; known to us only from Dr. Giinther’s description. Gobius mexicanus, GUNTHER, Cat., U1, 61, 1861, Mexico. Chronophorus mexicanus, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 501. “816. BOLLMANNIA, Jordan. Bollmannia, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 164 (chlamydes). This genius differs from Lepidogobius by having no fleshy processes on inner edge of shoulder girdle, the interorbital area of skull narrower and without trace of median keel, and by very large ctenoid scales. From Gobius proper it is distinguished by the presence of 7 dorsal spines and by the presence of large scales on the cheeks. Species inhabiting the depths of the Pacific; not found in shoal waters as is the case with most other gobies. (‘‘I have named this species in honor of my late colleague, Mr. Charles Harvey Bollman, whose untimely death, while engaged in the exploration of the rivers of Georgia, took place while this paper was pass- ing through the press.”—Jordan. ) a. * A conspicuous black spot on posterior portion of spinous dorsal. Body deep, the least depth of caudal peduncle greater than diameter of orbit. b. Filamentous dorsal spines very long, reaching beyond middle of soft dorsal when depressed. Lower caudal rays black; dorsal spot conspicuously ocellated. Eye large, 3 to 31 in head. OCELLATA, 2567. bb. Filamentous dorsal spines shorter. Lower caudal rays not black, and dorsal spot not ocellated. Eye smaller, 33 to 4 in head. CHLAMYDES, 2568, aa. No black spot on spinous dorsal. Body slender, the depth } the length. Least depth of caudal peduncle not greater than diameter of orbit. ce. Head large, 3 to 3i in length. No black spot at base of caudal. Fins low. MACROPOMA, 2569. ec. Head smaller, 2fin length. A black spot at base of caudal. Fins higher. STIGMATURA, 2570. * This analysis of species is taken from Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat, Mus, 1891, 555. 2238 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2567. BOLLMANNIA OCELLATA, Gilbert. Head 34 to 33 in length; depth 44. D. VII-14 or 15; A. 14; scales 27. Very close to Bollmannia chlamydes, differing from the latter constantly in the following respects: The eye is larger, 3 to 34 in head (32 to 4 in chlamydes); the filamentous rays of spinous dorsal are much longer, reach- ing in adults, when laid back, to or nearly to end of base of soft dorsal, 1} to 13 times length of head; rarely the filamentous dorsal rays are little more elongate than in chlamydes. Teeth in a narrow band in each jaw, the outer series in upper jaw, and both outer and inner series in lower jaw enlarged, but not canine-like; maxillary not reaching vertical from middle of pupil, + length of head; interorbital width less than 4 diameter of pupil; opercle short, its length being less than the diameter of the eye; pectorals nearly as long as head, a trifle more than length of ven- trals, which scarcely reach vent; caudal much longer than head in adults, 7 or 8 scales before dorsal. Black spot on posterior part of spinous dorsal jet black, conspicuously ocellated with white; a black streak along lower margin of caudal, including several of the lower rays, and running from base to tip of fin; no dusky bars visible on sides in any of the types; fins dusky; membranes uniting outer rays of ventrals white instead of black, as in chlamydes; no black spot at base of caudal; branchiostegal membrane with a medial black streak; anal blackish. Numerous speci- mens from the northern part of the Gulf of California, at Albatross Sta- tions 3031 and 3035, in 30 and 33 fathoms. Thisspecies may vary into the typical chlamydes, but the material before us does not justify us in so identifying it. (Gilbert.) (ocellatus, ocellated.) Bollmannia ocellata, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 555, Gulf of California. 2568. BOLLMANNIA CHLAMYDES, Jordan. Head 34 (5 to 54 in total); depth 44 (63 to7). D. VII-15; A. 15; sealesina longitudinal series about 28, 8 or 9 in a cross series at vent. Body rather robust, compressed; head large and heavy, its profile evenly curved; mouth very large, oblique, the lower jaw projecting; maxillary reaching to opposite pupil, 25 to 27 in head; teeth small, sharp, in several series, the outer, especially in lower jaw, somewhat enlarged; eye longer than snout, 3% to 4 in head; interorbital area very narrow, concave, its least width about 4 of eye or almost equal to pupil; scales very large, ctenoid; little reduced on breast and nape; about 8 before dorsal, where they are little smaller than on body; top and sides of head with large scales; scales on cheek in 4 rows; 2 rows on upper part of opercle; the scales on head lost in some of the specimens; dorsal spines slender, filamentous, fifth longest, 1} in head; first 2 in head, last 3} to 4; first soft dorsal ray 22 in head, the antepenultimate longest and about equal to head; first anal ray equal to snout, the antepenultimate 1} in. head; middle caudal rays very long, somewhat more than 4 length of body; pectorals 1} in. head; ventrals 14. Color olivaceous, darkest above; scales with a few black dots, some of the posterior occasionally dark edged; sides with 8 or 10 obscure dusky vertical bars, which are narrower than the inter- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2239 spaces, and in some specimens wholly obsolete; snout bluish; opercles with a dark shade; lips, gular region, and anterior branchiostegals very dark in males; upper part of spinous dorsal darkest, with a few lighter dark-edged oval spots, a well-marked black blotch between last 2 spines; soft dorsal dusky, usually with about 3 well-developed rows of lighter, dark-edged oval spots; anal dusky, crossed by 2 narrow bluish streaks; some of the last rays occasionally with a few spots similar to those on dorsal; caudal, pectorals, and ventrals dusky, tinged with blue; ventrals edged with pale. Length 4? inches. West coast of Colombia. Many specimens of this abundant species were dredged at Albatross Stations 2800 in 7 fathoms and 2805 in 514 fathoms. (yAauvdys, cloaked.) Bollmannia chlamydes, JORDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 164, Pacific Ocean, off coast of Colombia, Station 2800, 8° 51’ N., 79° 41’ 30’ W., and Station 2805, 7° 56’ N., 79° 41/30’ W. (Type, No. 41158, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) 2569. BOLLMANNIA MACROPOMA, Gilbert. Head 3 to 34; depth5. D. VII-14; A.14; scales 28. Characterized by its slender form, low fins, large opercle, and comparatively plain colora- tion. Caudal peduncle correspondingly slender, its least height equaling diameter of eye. Head very large and heavy; opercle conspicuously larger than in B. ocellata, agreeing in this respect more nearly with B. chlamydes; dentition as in other species of the genus; eye large, 3} to34in the head. Dorsal spines slender, comparatively little produced, the longest usually not reaching the base of the first ray of second dorsal, and never beyond the base of the second or third ray; soft dorsal and anal low, the posterior rays usually not reaching the rudimentary caudal rays when depressed, about + length of head; pectoral long, extending beyond front of anal; the ventrals to or nearly to vent; middle caudal rays pro- duced as usual, varying in length; scales 8 to 10 in front of dorsal. Color in spirits, light brownish, the sides with 3 vertical dusky bars; spinous dor- sal dusky, but without distinct black spot; caudal slightly dusky, with rather large elliptical light spots, asin B. chlamydes, the lower rays not black and no black spot at its base; ventrals blackish, including anterior membrane; second dorsal and anal dusky, without evident light spots; branchiostegal membranes sometimes slightly dusky, but not black. Many specimens from the Gulf of California just north of La Paz Bay, at Albatross Station 2996, in 112 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (“waxpds, large; mua, opercle.) Bollmannia macropoma, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 556, Albatross Station 2996, near La Paz, Lower California. 2570. BOLLMANNIA STIGMATURA, Gilbert. Head short, 33 in length; depth 5; least depth of caudal peduncle slightly less than diameter of eye; eye large, 24 in head. D. VII-15; A.14; lateral line 28. Dorsal spines filamentous, longer than in B. macro- poma, the longest reaching base of fifth to seventh ray of second dorsal; posterior rays of second dorsal and anal often reaching base of median rays when depressed; pectorals not reaching beyond front of anal. Color 2240 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. almost uniform light brownish; lips black, the fins only slightly dusky, the caudal with elliptical light spots; a roundish dusky spot at base of caudal; branchiostegal membranes not black. Many specimens from the northern part of the Gulf of California, at Albatross Stations 3016 and 3017, in 76 and 58 fathoms. This species agrees with Bollmannia macropoma in its elongate form, comparatively low fins, and in the absence of a black spot on the spinous dorsal. It differs conspicuously in the very short head and narrow opercle, and in the presence of a black spot at base of tail. The eye is also larger and the fins higher. None of the specimens shows dusky bars on the sides, a conspicuous feature in B. macropoma. tec: ) (6riyua, spot; ovpa, tail.) Bollmannia stigmatura, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 556, Gulfof California, Alba- tross Stations 3016, 3017. 817. ABOMA, Jordan & Starks. Aboma, JORDAN & STARKS, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 497 (etheostoma). This genus, allied to Microgobius, is distinguished by the large, ctenoid scales, which cover the body; head naked, rather long, pointed in profile; the mouth moderate, not very oblique; teeth rather strong. Dorsal spines more than 6, none of them filamentous; soft dorsal and anal short; no flaps on shoulder girdle. Cranium with a slight median crest. (The name Aboma is used by the Mexicans in Sinaloa as synonymous with goby.) a. Scales very large, 26 or 27; profile not very steep, the snout rather pointed. b. Sides with a jet-black lateral band; caudal with dark cross bars; maxillary 3 in head. ETHEOSTOMA, 2571. bb. Sides with 4 oblique dark cross bars; a large dark spot at base of caudal; mouth larger, the maxillary 2 in head. LUCRETI, 2572. aa. Scales smaller, about 37; profile very steep, the snout rounded; sides with numer- ous pale cross bands with darker spots. CHIQUITA, 2573. 2571. ABOMA ETHEOSTOMA, Jordan & Starks. Head 34; depth 5. D.VIII-11; A. 10; scales 26; longest dorsal spine 12 in head; eye 3; snout 4; maxillary 3. Body long and low, moderately depressed and pointed forward. Scales large, ctenoid behind, none on head, those on nape and belly much reduced. Mouth moderate, terminal, moderately oblique; the maxillary reaching middle of pupil; jaws sub- equal, or the lower a little the longer; teeth rather strong. No flaps on shoulder girdle. Cranium with a slight median crest. Interorbital ridge not hollowed out; skull not abruptly widened behind. Color olivaceous, side with a very broad jet-black lateral band, 3 times interrupted by sil- very; caudal white, with 4< shaped bands, growing progressively fainter behind; pectoral mottled gray, with a jet-black oblique crescent toward its base surrounding a large yellow spot; side of head with 4 round gray spots separated by black, the largest below eye, with a black streak be- fore it; first dorsal jet-black, second mottled, the produced spine with yellowish; ventral and anal pale. A single small specimen, 1} inches long, ————E OO Oe Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2241 found in the mud on a shallow bottom in the Astillero at Mazatlan. (Etheostoma, a darter, which this species strongly resembles.) Aboma etheostoma, JORDAN & STARKS, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 498, pl.50, Mazatlan. (Coll. Hopkins Expedition to Mazatlan.) 2572. ABOMA LUCRETLE (Eigenmann & EKigenmann). Head 3} in length; depth 54. D. VII-10; A. 12; scales 28-8. Body slightly compressed posteriorly; head little wider than high; eye placed high, its diameter equaling length of snout, 44 in head; profile little decurved; mouth large, oblique; maxillary extending below posterior margin of orbit, 2 in head; intermaxillary anteriorly on a level with cen- ter of pupil; teeth all recurved, large, those of upper jaw in a narrow band; teeth of outer and inner series enlarged, those of lower jaw similar, largest in front. No dermal flaps on shoulder girdle. Scales large, very weakly ctenoid, becoming cycloid and very much crowded above and below pectoral; head, breast, and anterior part of nape naked. As seen through a lens, these regions seem to be covered with minute embedded scales; this effect is, no doubt, due to light reticulations on a darker eround. Dorsal spines slender, not filamentous; caudal pointed, 3 in length of body; ventrals 14 in head; pectorals longer than head. Color light brownish, with 4 oblique dark cross bars as wide as interspaces; 4 narrower transverse bars on nape and back; a large dusky spot at base of caudal; upper half of base of pectoral black; a black spot on opercle, margined below and behind with silvery; fins dusky. Pearl Island, Gulf of Panama; only 1 specimen known. (Named for Mrs. Lucretia M. Smith of San Diego, mother of Mrs. Eigenmann. ) 2573. ABOMA CHIQUITA (Jenkins & Evermann). Head 34 to 34; depth 44 to 4%. D.VII-11; A.10; eye 4?in head in adult, 4 in young; scales 37-17. Body rather stout, compressed; head short, somewhat depressed, widened behind orbits; snout short and narrowly rounded; profile in front of eye very steep, less so to occiput, and nearly straight from there to caudal fin; eyes moderate, well up; interorbital space very narrow, less than eye; greatest width of head equaling greatest depth of body. Top of head, opercles, and space in front of dorsal naked, rest of body covered with small, strongly ctenoid scales, which increase in size upon the caudal peduncle. Spinous dorsal with its first spine fila- mentous in adult, much longer than head and reaching middle of soft dorsal, this filament wanting in young; distance from snout to origin of spinous dorsal a little more than } distance to base of caudal; second dor- sal but slightly separated from spinous, its origin about midway of total length of fish; anal of about the same shape and size as soft dorsal, but beginning a little behind it; pectorals tapering, about equaling head in length, their tips not reaching origin of anal, but to origin of soft dorsal; ventrals united, free from belly, inserted behind pectorals, but their tips not reaching tips of pectorals. Teeth apparently in a single series, small and weak. Ground color pale yellowish, thickly mottled with fine punc- 2242 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. tulations of dark; about 7 pretty well-defined larger spots of dark brown along middle of side; 8 or 9 faint cross bars of lighter, a number of small light spots scattered irregularly over the sides; head dark; dorsal, anal, and ventral fins covered with fine black points; in some specimens the dorsals and anal quite dark; pectorals plainer; caudal similar to ventrals; “the cranium is depressed and flattish behind the orbits, without distinct median keel on occiput or on interorbital area. The form of the head is as in typical Gobius, the occiput abruptly widened behind the eyes; the ridges also similar, the orbital ridge bounding the orbit behind as well as above the eye and joining the temporal ridge laterally.” (Gilbert MS.) Length 1 to 2 inches. Gulf of California; abundant. The original de- scription from young examples, here corrected in accordance with Dr. Gilbert’s notes on many adults taken by him at La Paz. (Spanish, chiquito; a diminutive of chico, a little one.) Gobius chiquita, JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 146, Guaymas, Sonora. (Type, No. 39634. Coll. Jenkins & Evermann.) 818. MICROGOBIUS, Poey. Microgobius, POEY, Enumeratio, 127, 1875 (signatus). Dorsal spines 7 or 8; scales very small, cycloid or weakly ctenoid, the body scaled anteriorly as well as posteriorly, the head naked, the nape, belly, and breast usuallyso. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without fleshy processes; body more or less compressed; mouth large, very oblique; the lower jaw conspicuous, teeth strong; interorbital groove with or without a median ridge. Vertebre 114+15 or 16. (uzxpods, small; Gobius.) a. Scales about 42. Body elongate, moderately compressed, the depth 4 to 5 in length; head long and large, rather sharp in profile, 3 to3}in body; eye longer than snout, 4in head; mouth large, very oblique, the lower jaw strongly projecting; maxil- lary 14 to 24 in head, extending to opposite middle of eye, or much beyond front of orbit; teeth in few series, the outer very long and slender, curved, the lower longest, none canine-like; scales small, some of them with short, thick teeth, those of anterior part of body not welldeveloped; dorsal spines more or less filamentous, the third and fourth or fourth and fifth sometimes with long filaments; caudal pointed, about as long as head. Grayish olive, with rather sharply-defined markings of darker brown overlaid with orange in life; head with a pale bluish or gilt stripe from maxillary backward across suborbital region to upper edge of gill opening; another pale gilt streak from snout along lower part of eye, another from angle of mouth upward and backward; rest of head dark; opercle with an oblique blackish bar; top of head and nape with dark marbling sur- rounded by paler reticulations; back with aseries of black cross blotches mostly separated on the median line; 2 narrower dark vertical bars behind pectoral; middle line of side posteriorly with longitudinally oblong black blotches; besides these, numerous other blotches not regularly arranged; first dorsal with 2 or3 oblique black bands; second dorsal pale, with about 4 series of black dots; cau- dal spotted with black; pectoral yellowish; ventral black, its center yellowish (male); anal pale. D. VII-15; A. 16 or 17. GULOSUS, 2574. aa. Scales about 50; snout not pointed; depth 5} in length; mouth large, the maxillary 24 in head; teeth strong. Color yellowish, much dotted, but without bars. EULEPIS, 2575. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2243 aaa. Scales 65 or more. b. Caudal fin more than } (2) length of body. Scales very small, cycloid, decidu- ous. Body elongate, much compressed, highest in front of ventrals, tapering regularly to the very narrow, short caudal peduncle; greatest depth 4% in length; head 34. Head compressed, much higher than wide; snout very short, acute, preorbital not as wide as pupil; mouth terminal, very wide and oblique; jaws equal; maxillary reaching vertical from mid- dle of orbit, 2 in head. Outer series of teeth enlarged. Eye 3 in head. Dorsals closely contiguous; spines very slender, the fifth slightly pro- duced and filamentous; pectorals as long as head. Head and body trans- lucent, overlaid by brilliant green luster, formed by minute, close-set green points; 3 conspicuous translucent bars wider than the interspaces, cross- ing body close behind head; head with 2 brilliant narrow blue and green lines running obliquely across cheek below. eye; dorsal whitish, with 2 or 3 lengthwise series of large reddish-brown spots; spinous dorsal black- ish at base, upper caudal rays marked with red, the lower portion of caudal and most of the anal fin blackish, anal whitish at base, the ante- rior rays tipped with white. In spirits, body dusted with dark points; 2 light cross bars toward head; lower part of caudal and anal black. D. VII-16; A. 15. THALASSINUS, 2576. bb. Caudal finless than } length of body. Scales small, cycloid, embedded. Body very much compressed, more or less elongate, greatest depth at ventrals 4 (female) to 64 (male) in length; head 34 to4. Head much compressed, much deeper than wide. Snout very short, acute, the anterior profile not decurved, not steep; preorbital not as wide as pupil; mouth very large, very oblique or almost vertical; maxillary extending to below pupil, 2in head (in male, 24in female). Lower jaw projecting, the teeth of the outer series enlarged, recurved. Eye 3} to4in head. Dorsals contiguous, spines very fine, produced in filaments, the third highest, a little longer than head; second dorsal and analhigh. Head and nape naked. In the female the depth is greater, mouth less oblique, smaller; profile from spinous dorsal oblique. First dorsal spine highest, 34} in length. Ventrals much shorter than in males. Dark gray; female with a short bright blue bar bordered by blackish above pectorals; a blotch of sky blue and orange below eye; fins dusky, the ventrals pale in female, dusky in males. Males with the body plain bluish gray. D. VII-17 to 20; A. 18 to 21; scales 68 to 70. SIGNATUS, 2577. 2574. MICROGOBIUS GULOSUS (Girard). Head 3 to 34; depth 4 to 5; eye 4 in head, longer than snout. D. VII- 15; A.16 or 17; scales about 42; vertebre 11+15. Body elongate, moder- ately compressed; head long and large, rather sharp in profile; mouth large, very oblique, the lower jaw strongly projecting; maxillary 14 to 24 in head, extending to opposite middle of eye. Teeth in few series, the outer very long and slender, curved, the lower longest, none canine-like. Body entirely scaled, except the nape, belly, breast, and head, which are naked; scales small, some of them with short thick teeth, those on ante- rior part of body not well developed. Dorsal spines more or less filamen- tous, the third to fifth sometimes with long filaments; caudal pointed, as long as head. Ventrals as long as pectorals, which are 1j in head. Skull flattened behind, with a median ridge extending from eyes back to end of skull. Double crests bordering skull in front and on sides, the inner ones meeting in front of median crest. Interorbital very narrow and deeply grooved, with a median ridge. Frontal bones very thin and fragile. 2244 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Teeth on each jaw in narrow bands, all alike. Coloration in life, light grayish olive, with rather sharply defined markings of darker brown; head with a pale bluish stripe from behind the angle of the mouth upward and forward parallel with the gape to below front of eye, then turn- ing abruptly backward across suborbital region to upper edge of gill opening; another pale streak from snout along lower part of eye; between this and the first streak a dusky area; below the first-mentioned streak a dusky region on cheek; opercle with an oblique blackish bar; top of head with dark marblings surrounded by paler reticulations; back with a series of black cross blotches, mostly separated on the median line; 2 narrow vertical dark bars behind pectoral; middle line of side pos- teriorly with longitudinally oblong black blotches; besides these num- erous other blotches not regularly arranged; first dorsal with 2 or 3 oblique black bands; second dorsal pale, with about 4 series of black dots; caudal spotted with black, pectoral yellowish, ventral black, its center yellowish; anal pale; lower side of head pale; jaws dusky. Coast of Florida to Texas, in sandy or weedy bays, common north to Indian River. A strongly marked species with no near relative among our other gobies. The specimens here described from Pensacola. (gulosus, large- mouthed.) Gobius gulosus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 169, Indianola, Texas; GIRARD, U.S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., Zool., 26, 1859; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 634, 1883. Lepidogobius gulosus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, 1882, 294; JORDAN & GiL- BERT, Synopsis, 945, 1883. Microgobius gulosus, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, 1. c., 505. 2575. MICROGOBIUS EULEPIS, Eigenmann & Eigenmann. Head 4 in length (54 in total); depth 53 (7). D. VII-15; A.16; scales 50-14. Body elongate, scarcely compressed; head slightly higher than wide, the depth 1} in its length; eye large, longer than snout, 3} in head; snout 5 in head, rather broad, not pointed as in MW. thalassinus; preorbital narrower thari pupil; mouth very oblique, maxillary not extending beyond anterior margin of pupil, 2} in head; teeth in upper jaw in a very narrow band, slightly enlarged in outer series, largest toward angle of mouth; teeth of lower jaw in a similar band, some of outer ones in front long and slender. Scales cycloid, rather large, crowded anteriorly, regularly ar- ranged, not embedded as in WV. signatus, not deciduous as in M, thalassinus; breast, nape, and region along spinous dorsal naked. First dorsal spine equidistant from tip of snout and first anal ray; longest dorsal spine 1}in head; caudal fin about 4 in body; ventral not reaching vent, equaling length of head, the basal membrane } of its actual length; pectoral equal- ing length of head. Color yellow or very light brown, dotted with minute dark points above; scales along back with a dark margin; head and nape with minute points; spinous dorsal transparent, a marked black spot on upper part of membrane between fourth and fifth dorsal spines; other fins plain; alight vertical bar on posterior margin of preopercle; Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2245 no other bars or stripes anywhere. Fortress Monroe, Virginia; known from a specimen 13 inches long. (ev, well; Aez7s, scaled.) Microgobius eulepis, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 69, Fortress Monroe, Virginia. (Type, No. 27123,M.C.Z. Coll. Mrs. C. N. Willard.) ’ 2576. MICROGOBIUS THALASSINUS, Jordan & Gilbert. . Head 34 in length; depth 43. D. VII-16; A. 15; eye 3in head. Body elongate, much compressed, highest in front of ventrals, thence tapering regularly to a very narrow, short caudal peduncle; the body with a pecu- liar, translucent, fragile appearance, common also to Z. emblematicus. Head compressed, much higher than wide; snout very short, acute, the preorbital not as wide as pupil; mouth terminal, very wide and oblique, the jaws equal; maxillary reaching vertical from middle of orbit, length of head; teeth in a narrow band in each jaw, the outer series enlarged, canine-like (under a microscope the band of small teeth behind the outer series seems evident, but the size of our specimens does not enable us to verify it with certainty); eyes placed high, separated by a narrow ridge, the diameter about 4 length of head. Dorsals very closely contiguous; spines very slender, the fifth slightly produced and filamentous, reaching (in our specimens) to base of third soft ray when depressed; caudal lanceo- late, very long and pointed, the middle rays produced, 2? in body; pec- torals as long as head; the upper rays not silk-like; ventrals with basal membranes well developed; the fin long, reaching to or slightly beyond front of anal, somewhat longer than head. Body ‘covered with rather small cycloid scales; head naked; the scales very readily deciduous; as they have in our specimens mostly fallen off, the count can not be given. Head and body translucent, overlaid by brilliant green luster, which is formed by exceedingly minute close-set green points; the luster is intense toward the head, where it assumes a blue tint, and becomes hardly notice- able on caudal peduncle; 3 conspicuous translucent bars, wider than the interspaces, crossing body immediately behind head; head with 2 bril- liant narrow blue or green lines running obliquely across cheek below eye; opercle with greenish luster; branchiostegal membrane white; dor- sals whitish, with 2 or 3 lengthwise series of large reddish-brown spots; spinous dorsal blackish at base; upper caudal rays marked with red, the lower portion of caudal and the most of the anal fin blackish, anal whitish at base, the anterior rays tipped with brilliant white; ventrals light buff; pectorals translucent. In spirits, the body appears dusted with dark points; 2 light cross bars toward head; lower part of caudal and anal black. Coast of South Carolina; two specimens, the largest 14 inches ‘long (No. 29674, U. S. Nat. Mus.), were taken in muddy tide pools in Charleston Harbor. (§aiacozvos, thalassinus, sea-green; dAaGGéa, the sea. ) Gobius thalassinus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 612, Charleston Har- bor, South Carolina. (Coll. C. H. Gilbert.) Lepidogooius thalassinus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 947, 1883. Microgobius thalassinus, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, J. c., 505. 2246 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 2577. MICROGOBIUS SIGNATUS, Poey. Head 34 to 4; depth 4 (female) to 6} (male); eye 3} to4. D. VII-17 to 20; A.18 to 21; scales 68 to 70; vertebre 14-++-15. Body very much compressed, more or less elongate; head much compressed, deeper than wide; snout very short, acute, the anterior profile not decurved, not steep; preorbital not as wide as pupil; mouth very large, almost vertical; maxillary extend- ing to below pupil, 2 in head in male, 2} in female; lower jaw projecting; teeth of the outer series enlarged and recurved. Dorsals contiguous, spines very fine, produced in filaments, the third longest, a little longer than head; second dorsal and anal high. Scales asin M. gulosus. Skull rounded, very fragile; a median crest which is highest between eyes; lateral crests developed, the inner ones meeting above posterior part of eye; interorbital comparatively broad, the median crest ending above anterior part of the orbit. Teeth in each jaw in 2 or 3 series; outer series of the upper jaw enlarged and recurved, the inner ones minute; outer series of lower jaw smaller than those of upper jaw, the one nearest angle of mouth an enlarged canine. Dark gray; female with a short bright blue bar, bordered by blackish above pectoral; a blotch of sky blue and orange below eye; fins dusky, the ventrals pale in female; males with the body plain bluish gray. The sexual differences in this species are very strongly marked. West Indies, in salt water; common in Cuba; one of the smallest gobies, barely 2 inches long. Here described from Havana examples collected by Dr. Jordan. (signatus, marked.) Microgobius signatus, POEY, Enumeratio, 127, pl. 5, fig. 3, 1875, Cuba (Type in M. C. Z. Coll. Poey); JORDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 49; JoRDAN & EIGENMANN, I. c., 505. 819. ZALYPNUS, Jordan & Evermann. Zalypnus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 459, 1896 (emblematicus). This genus differs from Microgobius in having the anterior half of the body naked. Soft dorsal and anal long, of 16 or 17 rays. Two species known. (¢dAy, surf; Urvos, slumber.) a. Scales 48; shoulder with a round black spot; none of the dorsal spines elongate. CYCLOLEPIS, 2578. aa. Seales 65; a silvery cross bar behind pectorals; some of the dorsal spines usually elongate. EMBLEMATICUS, 2579. 2578. ZALYPNUS CYCLOLEPIS (Gilbert). D. VII-16; A.17; scales 48. Body somewhat elongate, compressed, the mouth very large, narrow, and oblique; maxillary produced beyond the rictus for a distance equaling } diameter of orbit, reaching vertical from posterior margin of pupil, 13 in head; snout short, 5 in head; eye larger, 3% in head; interorbital width 4 orbit; teeth in upper jaw in 2 series, the outer enlarged and distant; in lower jaw apparently in a single series, similar to outer series of upper jaw, with 2 stronger canines anteriorly. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without fleshy prominences. Dorsal spines Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2247 7, none of them elongate, the membrane of last spine reaching base of first soft ray; soft anal rays of moderate height, 1} in head, the tips of last rays reaching base of caudal, the fin similar to soft dorsal but lower; caudal long, apparently rounded posteriorly, longer than head (mutilated in our specimen); ventrals and pectorals reaching vent. Scales cycloid, small, absent on belly, nape, and on sides in front of fourth dorsal spine. Color in spirits, light olive, the fins dusky; a conspicuous round black spot on shoulder, 4 size of eye, its posterior margin denser black. Resem- bling Zalypnus emblematicus, differing in its larger scales and different color- ation. A single specimen, about 2 inches long, from Lower California, in Tfathoms. (Gilbert.) («xUxAos, circle, cycloid; Aes, scale.) Microgobius eyclolepis, GILBERT, Proc. U. 5. Nat. Mus. 1891,74, Albatross Station 3020, Lower California. 2579. ZALYPNUS EMBLEMATICUS (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 33; depth 5. D. VII-16; A. 17; scales about 65. Anterior part of body naked; teeth of upper jaw in one series; body elongate, com- pressed, heaviest forward; depth 5 in length; head 3%; snout short, rather broad, acute in profile; mouth terminal, very oblique; gape wide, its length nearly + head; maxillary reaching to opposite middle of pupil; lower jaw projecting. Teeth in lower jaw partly in 2 series in front, forming a single row laterally; anterior teeth in both jaws strong, in- curved. Eyes very large, about 4 of head; snout less than orbit. Scales extremely small, cycloid, scarcely increasing in size toward caudal pedun- cle; head and anterior part of body to front of dorsal fin naked; a narrow naked strip along base of anterior 4 of spinous dorsal. Dorsal spines very slender and weak, some of the middle ones usually prolonged, sometimes reaching nearly to the base of caudal, sometimes little elevated; second dorsal and anal similar to each other, the rays high, the last when de- pressed nearly reaching to the base of caudal; caudal! pointed, a little longer than head. Light olivaceous; above thickly punctate with pale dots; sides very thickly covered with golden-green specks; back with 6 pairs of golden-green spots on each side of the dorsal fin, each nearly as large as pupil; sides of head and anterior half of body with wide streaks and bars alternately of purplish blue and golden bronze; those on cheek longitudinal; those on opercle extending obliquely upward and back- ward, those on body vertical; first dorsal dusky, second dorsal with about 3 series of light-blue spots; anal pale; caudal yellowish green be- low, dusky above, a very conspicuous narrow bright-red streak from the lower end of the base to the tip of the fifth or sixth ray from the bottom, thus crossing the rays obliquely; ventrals bluish. In spirits, plain light olive, witha silvery cross bar behind pectorals. Length 34inches. Panama; known only from the original types. (éu(Anua, a banner, from the high dorsal. ) Gobius emblematicus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull.U.S.Fish Comm.1881, 330, Bay of Panama, Lepidogobius emblematicus, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 505. 2248 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 820. EUCYCLOGOBIUS, Gill. Eucyclogobius, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 279 (newberryi). This genus is allied to Lepidogobius, differing chiefly in the naked head and short, chubby body; shoulder girdle with a few dermal flaps; opercle adnate to shoulder girdle from the angle upward; dorsal spines 6 or 7; soft dorsal short; scales all cycloid; cranium depressed behind the parie- tal region, somewhat excavated, the supraoccipital crest rather high, not extending so far forward as the orbit. Species small, in fresh or brackish waters of California. (ev, well; xvxAos, cirele (cycloid); Gobius.) 2580. EUCYCLOGOBIUS NEWBERRYI (Girard). Head 3% to 33; depth 44 to5}. D. VI or VII*-11; A.10 or 11 (8 in one specimen, perhaps abnormal); scales about 60 to 70, too irregular for exact counting. Body moderately elongate, somewhat compressed, tapering posteriorly; head rounded above, its width 2} in its length; mouth large, oblique, the maxillary reaching to or beyond posterior margin of orbit, 2 to 2} in head; interorbital space wide, 4 to 44 in head; snout bluntish, broad, a little longer than interorbital width; eye small, 5 in head; teeth present on both jaws, slender, canine-like, arranged in series, the outer row enlarged; caudal peduncle 3 to 3} in head; gill slit about 24 in head, its upper edge opposite or slightly above uppermost ray of pectoral; scales minute, cycloid, inconspicuous, wanting on head, nape, and fins; shoulder girdle with 2 or 3 small dermal flaps; dorsals separated by a narrow space; dorsal spines very slender; base of spinous dorsal 2} to 22 in head; anal similar to soft dorsal, its base about 14 in head; caudal subtruncate, 14 to 14 in head; ventrals inserted under or slightly behind lower edge of base of pectorals, 1? to 2 in head; pectorals 1itol1zin head. Dark olivaceous, mottled with darker; head with some dusky markings; the sides and back with irregular dark markings as in species of Etheostomine; dorsals distinctly mottled; the first 3 or 4 dorsal spines margined with paler; caudal with faint, broad, wavy cross bars, a faint spot at its base; anal dusky; ventrals yellowish, dusky in males; pectorals plain. Length about 2 inches. Streams of California, in small clear brooks near the sea; locally common in San Luis Obispo Creek, where the specimens here described were taken; probably con- fined to fresh waters. (Named for Dr. John Strong Newberry of Columbia College, then also on the U. 8. Geological Survey.) Gobius newberryi, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1856, 136, Tomales Bay (Coll. E. Sam- uels); GIRARD, Jour. Bost. Soc, Nat. Hist. 1857, 530, pl. 25, figs. 5 to 8; Grrarp, Pac. R. R. Surv., X, 128, 1858. Lepidogobius newberryi, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 637, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 503. *Of the nine specimens examined from San Luis Obispo Creek, five have 7 dorsal spines and the other four 6. Girard gives the fin rays as D. VIII-13; A.12; but we have seen no specimens either with 8 spines or 13 rays. Six specimens from Wadell Creek, Santa Cruz County, California, show the following fin variation: D. Vl in 4; D. Vilin1; D.V (?) in 1; D.rays10in4; D. rays 9in 2; A.10in2; A.8in1; A,9in3. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2249 821. LEPIDOGOBIUS, Gill. Lepidogobius, GILL, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 1859, 14 (lepidus). Cyclogobius, STEINDACHNER, 8S. B. K. Ak. Wiss. Wien, XL, 1860, 284 (lepidus). This genus contains small gobies with the head and body covered with small cycloid scales; dorsal spines 7; inner edge of shoulder girdle with 2 or 3 dermal flaps; interorbital groove with the median ridge of skull little developed; body elongate, subterete; otherwise essentially as in Gobius, the skull nearly as in Gillichthys, with a median keel and not abruptly widened behind the eye. Pacific Ocean; not entering rivers. (Aezts, scale; Gobius.) 2581. LEPIDOGOBIUS LEPIDUS (Girard). Head 44, regularly conical; depth 7; eye 4, equal to snout, twice as long as deep. D.VII-16 to 18; A.15; scales about 86. Body elongate, subfusiform, little compressed. Snout not obtuse in profile; interorbital space narrow, about equal to diameter of pupil. Mouth rather large, maxillary reaching to below posterior edge of pupil, 2} in head; teeth small, all similar, those of upper jawin 2 or3 series, those of lower jaw close set, in a broad band. Body covered with small cycloid scales which are very much reduced anteriorly, especially on the nape; cheeks, sides of head, and upper posterior part of opercles covered with small scales; top of head scaly to eye; breast scaled. Dorsal spines weak, the longest 2 in head; soft dorsal low, none of the rays reaching caudal; caudal long, somewhat pointed. Color very pale olive, with roundish blotches of rusty red on back and sides; vertical fins mottled with reddish; distal half of all fins and under side of head blackish, especially in the males. ‘This species is remarkable for numerous lines of papille on mandible, snout, and sides of head. The occipital region of the skull is somewhat more depressed than in Gobius soporator, and has much lower ridges. A low median carina is present and the low supraorbital ridges are contin- uous behind the eyes with the temporal crests.” (Gilbert MS.) Pacific coast of North America, from Vancouver Island to Lower California; in rather deep water off San Francisco Bay; often seined in great numbers and sold in restaurants as ‘‘ whitebait.” (lepidus, pretty.) Gobius gracilis, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 134, San Francisco; preoccupied by Gobius gracilis, JENYNS. Gobius lepidus, GIRARD, Pac. R. R. Surv., X, 127, pl. 25a, figs. 5 and 6,1858; substitute for gracilis; GUNTHER, Cat., U1, 78, 1861. Lepidogobius gracilis, GILL, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.1859,14; JorpAN & GILBERT, Syn- opsis, 637, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, lL. c., 502. 822. GILLICHTHYS, Cooper. Gillichthys, COOPER, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1863, 109 (mirabilis). Gillia, GUNTHER, Zool. Record 1864, 157 (mirabilis); name preoccupied. Saccostoma (GUICHENOT MS.) SuayaGE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1882, 171 (guloswm); name preoccupied. Body moderately elongate, compressed, covered with small, cycloid, embedded scales; belly and head naked. Scales of the young more or 3030-——64 2250 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. less ciliated. Eyes small, almost superior. Gape wide, the maxillary in the adult inordinately developed, prolonged backward to the base of the pectorals, its posterior part a cartilaginous expansion, connected to an expansion of the skin of the lower jaw, thus forming a channel backward from the mouth, almost exactly as in Neoclinus and Opisthognathus, genera otherwise very different. Teeth small, even, in broad bands. Skull in adult with a strong median keel, not abruptly widened behind the eye, triangular behind; young with the keel obsolete. Dorsal fins 2, the second high, the first of 6 very weak spines, none of which is exserted; soft dorsal and anal short; caudal less rounded; pectorals large; isthmus broad. Singular little fishes, in brackish waters, burrow- ing in the mud; confined to the Pacific. (Named for Theodore Gill.) a. Head moderately depressed; dorsal fins close together. MIRABILIS, 2582. aa. Head very broad and depressed; distance between dorsals 4 length of first dorsal. DETRUSUS, 2583. 2582. GILLICHTHYS MIRABILIS, Cooper. (LONG-JAWED GOBY.) Head 31; depth 5; eye 6 to 7; snout longer than eye, low, little decurved. D.VI-12; A. 10; vertebrae 15+17. Body stout, somewhat com- pressed behind, broad and depressed anteriorly; head broader than deep, its width 14, its depth 2 or more in its length; interorbital space greater than eye. Mouth very large; maxillary variable, extending to base of pectoral in adult, broadened behind; fold of lower lip extending its full length. Teeth all alike, small, fixed, andin bands, the band of the lower jaw broader than that of the upper. Scales small, cycloid, irregularly placed, largest from front of dorsal backward, decreasing in size ante- riorly; head, breast, belly, and 4 of nape naked. Dorsal spines not filamentous, not as long as the soft rays which are little more than 4 depth of body; caudal broad, short, rounded; pectorals broad and rounded, longer than ventrals, 2 in head. Skull not abruptly widened behind eye, as in Gobius, being triangular posteriorly. No lateral ridges; a strong median keel; a short transverse crest behind orbit. Interorbital not deeply grooved, with a blunt median ridge. Orbit not bordered by any prominent ridges. Teeth in both jaws, close set, in bands, all alike. Dull olive, very finely marbled with darker; sides of head and maxillary finely punctuate; fins olive; belly yellowish. Length 8 inches. Pacific coast of North America, from San Francisco to Cerros Island; a most remarkable little fish; very abundant in the mud flats in shallow water along the California hast burrowing in holes in the mud like a crawfish, and readily taking the hook baited with flesh or worm when dropped into the mouth of the burrow. (mirabilis, wonderful.) Gillichthys mirabilis, COOPER, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1863, 109, San Diego Bay; LocKINGTon, Amer. Nat. 1879; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 636, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 510; EVERMANN & JENKINS, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 162. Gobius townsendi, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 463, San Diego; young. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2251 2583. GILLICHTHYS DETRUSUS, Gilbert & Scofield. Allied to Gillichthys mirabilis, Cooper, differing in the broader and more depressed head, the larger anal fin, and greater distance between the 2 dorsals. Head 34; depth 5; eye 7in head; snout 4; interorbital 5}. D. VI-15; A. 11 developed rays (10 in G. mirabilis); scales very fine ante- riorly but becoming much larger posteriorly; about 75 scales from base of pectoral to caudal, and about 25 longitudinal rows between front of anal and front of second dorsal. The head is depressed, the frontals broad, the shortest distance across being contained in the head 8 times (11 times in G. mirabilis.) The postfrontals are small and project but very little, differing from G. mirabilis, where the postfronf&als project into an elevated wing-like process. The width of the isthmus contained 3 times in the head; maxillary 14 and mandible 1} in head. Least depth of caudal peduncle 23 in head. Distance between dorsals equal to $ length of first dorsal; length of first dorsal 2} in head; second dorsal 14; anal 2 in head; length of longest pectoral ray 1% in head, Color a very pale olive, some with dark punctulations about the head and fins. The pale coloration is probably due to their life in shallow water on bottom of pale sand. Gulf of California. The types and numerous other specimens, the longest about 5 inches long, were taken by Dr. C. H. Gilbert at Horseshoe Bend, near the mouth of the Colorado River, in Mexico, where they are quite abundant. These are numbered 3836 in L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. (detrusus, depressed. ) Gillichthys detrusus, GILBERT & SCOFIELD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xx, 1897, 498, pl. 38, Horse- shoe Bend, mouth of Colorado River. (Type, No. 48127. Coll. Gilbert & Alexander.) 823. QUIETULA, Jordan & Evermann. Quietula, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 839 (y-cauda). \_ This genus is closely related to Gillichthys, from which it differs in the presence of 2 or 3 cutaneous flaps on the inner edge of the shoulder girdle. Maxillary elongate, as in Gillichthys; scales rather small, cycloid; cranium essentially as in Gillichthys. Small gobies living in the mud of lagoons and river mouths. (A diminutive, from quies, quiet.) 2584. QUIETULA Y-CAUDA (Jenkins & Evermann). Head 34 (4); depth 7 (8); eye 3}. D. V-14 or 15; A. 15; scales about 50-18; B.5. Body moderately elongate, compressed, narrowing regularly from shoulder girdle to caudal fin; head not greatly depressed, broader than body, its length 4 in body; snout rounded, short, about equal to diameter of eye; interorbital space narrow, not greater than } diameter of eye; mouth rather large, its gape extending nearly to vertical of pos- terior margin of orbit; maxillary somewhat variable in length, but usually prolonged behind eye for a distance nearly equal to diameter of eye. Scales small, cycloid, about 50 in longitudinal series, 18 in trans- verse. Teeth in a narrow band on premaxillaries and mandible, short, blunt, and curved slightly backward, most closely set and most numerous 2252 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. on premaxillaries. Shoulder girdle with 2 or 3 small cutaneous flaps on its inner edge. Fins moderate; dorsal of 5 spines and 16 soft rays, the spines unconnected with the rayed portion, the space between them about equal to 4 diameter of eye; the spines weak and flexible, their length 4 that of head; soft dorsal beginning at a point a little nearer end of snout than tip of caudal and extending nearly to caudal, its height about equal to that of spinous portion, the first few rays slightly graduated; anal having 15 rays and beginning a little behind origin of soft dorsal, the rays about equaling those of dorsal in length; pectorals moderate, inserted a little below axis of the body, their length greater than depth of body, their tips reachjng a vertical from posterior part of spinous dorsal; ventrals united, but not adnate to belly, inserted slightly in front of pectorals and their tips not quite reaching those of pectorals. Ground color light; head and body pretty uniformly covered with dark punctula- tions; an irregular dark bar across occiput; breast and belly pale; a row of 9 or 10 small dark blotches along middle of side, the one at base of caudal plainest and having a shape something like the Greek letter 7; about 6 dark blotches along median line of back; peritoneum dark. Length about 1? inches. Pacific coast of North America, from Guaymas to Vancouver Island; excessively abundant from San Diego southward in mud flats; specimens recorded from Saanich Arm, Vancouver Island, San Diego, mouth of Colorado River, San Luis Gonzales Bay, St. Georges Bay, Concepcion Bay, Guaymas, and La Paz. It was at first confounded with the young of Gillichthys mirabilis, from which genus it differs in the pres- ence of dermal flaps on the shoulder girdle.* (cauda, tail, which has a Y-like mark.) Gillichthys y-cauda, JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 147, Guaymas, Sonora. (Type, No. 39637. Coll. Jenkins & Evermann.) Quietula y-cauda, JORDAN & STARKS, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 839. Gillichthys guaymasic,} JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 148, Guaymas, Sonora; young specimens 2} inches long. (Type, No. 39637. Coll. Jenkins & Ever- mann.) * “The cranium is similar to that of Gillichthys mirabilis, the occiput being depressed, wedge-shaped, narrowed anteriorly with a blunt median carina, the supraorbital and temporal ridges not continuous behind the eye. As in Gillichthys mirabilis, the supra- orbital ridges end in wing-like expansions immediately behind the interorbital space.” (Gilbert MS.) t Gillichthys gquaymasie is thus described: Head 3 (33 in total); depth 6 (7). D. V-14; A. 13; eye 5. Body quite slender, elongate, but little compressed; head long, narrow, not much widened behind the eyes, not depressed, forming 4 the length to base of caudal. Profile gently arched from snout to 4 the distance to dorsal fin, from there nearly straight to dorsal, and then gently curved to caudal peduncle; ventral outline nearly straight; a considerable prominence on the snout made by the enlarged end of the turbinal bone. Eye somewhat above the median line, not quite equaling the snout in length; interorbital space narrow, 14 times in the eye. The maxillaries are much produced, in some speci mens nearly reaching the gill openings, broadest at the middle, and tapering to a blunt point posteriorly; premaxillaries not protractile, but little movable at the symphysis, more than 4 as long as the maxillaries. Gill rakers 2 above the angle, 10 below, short and blunt, the first 4 the largest, those on the second arch but little developed. Teeth well developed, in a single series, on mandible and premaxillaries, all slightly curved back- ward. Tongue not so broad as in Gillichthys mirabilis, Cooper; it is gently rounded at the tip, which is free for a much greater length than in Gillichthys mirabilis. Peritoneum black or blackish, and the intestine short, but little longer than the head, and not at all convoluted. Scales small, embedded, and scarcely perceptible except on sides; no pores appear to be developed. First dorsal of fine flexible spines, distance of origin from snout 22 Jength of body, and separated from the second dorsal by a distance but little greater than length of snout; second dorsal of 14 rays of nearly equal length, which equals the Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2253 824. ILYPNUS, Jordan & Evermann. Tlypnus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 460, 1896 (gilberti). This genus is allied to Clerelandia, from which it differs chiefly in the presence of dermal flaps on the inner edge of the shoulder girdle; scales minute, embedded, cycloid; dorsal with 5 spines; occiput transversely rounded, without median keel; maxillary moderate. Small gohies, inhab- iting mud flats. (zAvs, mud; Uzvos, slumber.) 2585. ILYPNUS GILBERTI (Eigenmann & Eigenmann.) Head 3 to 34 (3% to 4 in total); depth 5 to 54(6to 7). D.V-15 to 17; A. 14to 16; B.5; vertebre 15+19. Form elongate, compressed. Head long, subconical, about as high as wide, its width 2} in its length. Profile nearly straight from eyes to spinous dorsal, decidedly decurved in front of eyes. Eye entirely above the premaxillary level, 1 in snout, 44 in head, + in interorbital. Mouth slightly oblique; maxillary extending to below middle of eye, lower jaw slightly included. Teeth villiform, in a broad band in each jaw, the outer series of lower jaw somewhat enlarged. One, rarely 2, dermal flaps on inner edge of shoulder girdle. Scales eycloid, embedded, very small; head, nape, and breast naked. Distance from tip of snout to insertion of spinous dorsal 2? in length; highest dorsal spine about ? length of head; soft dorsal rays lower; interdorsal area about} orbital diameter; tip of last dorsal ray not reaching base of caudal; caudal broad and rounded when expanded; anal similar to soft dorsal fin; Ventral fins large, nearly reaching vent in specimens 1? inches leng. Pectorals usually shorter than ventrals. Color in life, sand color; head and body with small rust-colored spots, which are dotted with black, the punctulations forming a more or less regular network; dorsal fins hyaline at base, bright rust-colored above, and rather broadly margined with white, everywhere black punctate except on margins; about3 groups of black dots on each ray, giving a barred appearance to these fins; cau- dal margined with white, upper and lower parts of fin rust colored, me- dian portion dark gray; about 5 wavy, rustlike, vertical bars; entire fin dotted with black except its margin; anal fin hyaline at base, sparsely dotted, its middle third jet-black, margined with white; pectorals and ventrals milky white, yellowish, sparingly black dotted and white edged; a large, conspicuous, metallic blue-black spot on opercie; top of head blackish; belly white or yellowish; chin and throat white, sometimes distance from end of snout to middle of pupil; length of base of soft dorsal not quite equaling length of head; distance of posterior end from caudal fin equaling distance between the 2 dorsal fins. Origin of anal behind that of soft dorsal and a little posterior to middle of total length of fish; its base 1} times in base of soft dorsal, or about 4 in length of fish to base of caudal fin; pectorals moderate, a little more than }length of head; ventrals inserted slightly behind the pectorals and about equaling them in length. Color in life whitish beneath, grayish or mottled above; 6 double white spots along the back, alternating with fine blackish areas; a white spot behind each eye on top of head; cheek with 2 dark bands extending obliquely backward and downward from eye; a num- ber of dark splotches on opercles; about 7 dusky areas along the side, the last and most ‘marked being upon the base of the caudal fin; dorsal fins finely marked lengthwise by about 4 series of small dark spots; caudal crossed by 5 or 6 wavy vertical bars of very fine dark spots or points; anal, pectorals, and ventrals plain. In alcohol these markings are less plain, especially the white and black areas upon the back. Length 24 inches. 2252 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. on premaxillaries. Shoulder girdle with 2 or 3 small cutaneous flaps on its inner edge. Fins moderate; dorsal of 5 spines and 16 soft rays, the spines unconnected with the rayed portion, the space between them about equal to 4 diameter of eye; the spines weak and flexible, their length 4 that of head; soft dorsal beginning at a point a little nearer end of snout than tip of caudal and extending nearly to caudal, its height about equal to that of spinous portion, the first few rays slightly graduated; anal having 15 rays and beginning a little behind origin of soft dorsal, the rays about equaling those of dorsal in length; pectorals moderate, inserted a little below axis of the body, their length greater than depth of body, their tips reachjng a vertical from posterior part of spinous dorsal; ventrals united, but not adnate to belly, inserted slightly in front of pectorals and their tips not quite reaching those of pectorals. Ground color light; head and body pretty uniformly covered with dark punctula- tions; an irregular dark bar across occiput; breast and belly pale; a row of 9 or 10 small dark blotches along middle of side, the one at base of caudal plainest and having a shape something like the Greek letter 1; about 6 dark blotches along median line of back; peritoneum dark. Length about 12 inches. Pacific coast of North America, from Guaymas to Vancouver Island; excessively abundant from San Diego southward in mud flats; specimens recorded from Saanich Arm, Vancouver Island, San Diego, mouth of Colorado River, San Luis Gonzales Bay, St. Georges Bay, Concepcion Bay, Guaymas, and La Paz. It was at first confounded with the young of Gillichthys mirabilis, from which genus it differs in the pres- ence of dermal flaps on the shoulder girdle.* (cauda, tail, which has a Y-like mark.) Gillichthys y-cauda, JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 147, Guaymas, Sonora. (Type, No. 39637. Coll. Jenkins & Evermann.) Quietula y-cauda, JORDAN & STARKS, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 839. Gillichthys guaymasic,t JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 148, Guaymas, Sonora; young specimens 24 inches long. (Type, No. 39637. Coll. Jenkins & Ever- mann.) * “The cranium is similar to that of Gillichthys mirabilis, the occiput being depressed, wedge-shaped, narrowed anteriorly with a blunt median carina, the supraorbital and temporal ridges not continuous behind the eye. As in Gillichthys mirabilis, the supra- orbital ridges end in wing-like expansions immediately behind the interorbital space.” (Gilbert Ms.) + Gillichthys guaymasie is thus described: Head 3 (33 in total); depth 6 (7). D. V-14; A. 13; eye 5. Body quite slender, elongate, but little compressed; head long, narrow, not much widened behind the eyes, not depressed, forming 4 the length to base of caudal. Profile gently arched from snout to 4 the distance to dorsal fin, from there nearly straight to dorsal, and then gently curved to caudal peduncle; ventral outline nearly straight; a considerable prominence on the snout made by the enlarged end of the turbinal bone, Eye somewhat above the median line, not quite equaling the snout in length interorbital space harrow, 14 times in the eye. The maxillaries are much produced, in some speci mens nearly reaching the gill openings, broadest at the middle, and tapering to a blunt point posteriorly; premaxillaries not protractile, but little movable at the symphysis, more than 4 as long as the maxillaries. Gill rakers 2 above the angle, 10 below, short and blunt, the first 4 the largest, those on the second arch but little developed. Teeth well developed, in a single series, on mandible and premaxillaries, all slightly curved back- ward. Tongue not so broad as in Gillichthys mirabilis, Cooper; it is gently rounded at the tip, which is free for a much greater length than in Gillichthys mirabilis. Peritoneam black or blackish, and the intestine short, but little longer than the head, and not at all convoluted. Scales small, embedded, and scarcely perceptible except on sides; no pores appear to be developed. First dorsal of fine flexible spines, distance of origin from snout 22 length of body, and separated from the second dorsal by a distance but little greater than length of snout; second dorsal of 14 rays of nearly equal length, which equals the Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2253 824. ILYPNUS, Jordan & Evermann. Tlypnus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 460, 1896 (gilberti). This genus is allied to Clerelandia, from which it differs chiefly in the presence of dermal flaps on the inner edge of the shoulder girdle; scales minute, embedded, cycloid; dorsal with 5 spines; occiput transversely rounded, without median keel; maxillary moderate. Small gobjes, inhab- iting mud flats. (2Avs, mud; Uzvos, slumber.) 2585. ILYPNUS GILBERTI (Eigenmann & EKigenmann.) Head 3 to 34 (33 to 4 in total); depth 5 to 54 (6 to 7). D. V-15 to Lis Ae 14 to 16; B.5; vertebre 15+19. Form elongate, compressed. Head long, subconical, about as high as wide, its width 2} in its length. Profile nearly straight from eyes to spinous dorsal, decidedly decurved in front of eyes. Eye entirely above the premaxillary level, 1 in snout, 44 in head, + in interorbital. Mouth slightly oblique; maxillary extending to below middle of eye, lower jaw slightly included. Teeth villiform, in a broad band in each jaw, the outer series of lower jaw somewhat enlarged. One, rarely 2, dermal flaps on inner edge of shoulder girdle. Scales eycloid, embedded, very small; head, nape, and breast naked. Distance from tip of snout to insertion of spinous dorsal 2? in length; highest dorsal spine about ? length of head; soft dorsal rays lower; interdorsal area about +4 orbital diameter; tip of last dorsal ray not reaching base of caudal; caudal broad and rounded when expanded; anal similar to soft dorsal fin; Ventral fins large, nearly reaching vent in specimens 1% inches Jeng. Pectorals usually shorter than ventrals. Color in life, sand color; head and body with small rust-colored spots, which are dotted with black, the punctulations forming a more or less regular network; dorsal fins hyaline at base, bright rust-colored above, and rather broadly margined with white, everywhere black punctate except on margins; about3 groups of black dots on each ray, giving a barred appearance to these fins; cau- dal margined with white, upper and lower parts of fin rust colored, me- dian portion dark gray; about 5 wavy, rustlike, vertical bars; entire fin dotted with black except its margin; anal fin hyaline at base, sparsely dotted, its middle third jet-black, margined with white; pectorals and ventrals milky white, yellowish, sparingly black dotted and white edged; a large, conspicuous, metallic blue-black spot on opercie; top of head blackish; belly white or yellowish; chin and throat white, sometimes distance from end of snout to middle of pupil; length of base of soft dorsal not quite equaling length of head; distance of posterior end from caudal fin equaling distance between the 2 dorsal fins. Origin of anal behind that of soft dorsal and a little posterior to middle of total length of fish; its base 13 times in base of soft dorsal, or about 4 in length of fish to base of caudal fin; pectorals moderate, a little more than 4length of head; ventrals inserted slightly behind the pectorals and about equaling them in length. Color in life whitish beneath, grayish or mottled above; 6 double white spots along the back, alternating with fine blackish areas; a white spot behind each eye on top of head; cheek with 2 dark bands extending obliquely backward and downward from eye; a num- ber of dark splotches on opercles; about 7 dusky areas along the side, the last and most “marked being upon the base of the caudal fin; dorsal fins finely marked lengthwise by about 4 series of small dark spots; caudal crossed by 5 or 6 wavy vertical bars of very fine dark spots or points; anal, pectorals, and ventrals plain. In alcohol these markings are less plain, especially the white and black areas upon the back. Length 24 inches. 2254 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. punctate. Young lighter, showing the reticulations, but the other mark- ings faint or undeveloped. Length about 24 inches. (Eigenmann.) ‘‘This species agrees with Lepidogobius in the presence of papillz on the inner edge of shoulder girdle. It differs decidedly in the shape of the occipital region of the cranium, which is transversely evenly convex as in Clevelandia; not abruptly widened behind the orbits, not continuous later- ally with the temporal ridge as in Gobius, Lepidogobius, etc. From Cleve- landia and Gillichthys, Lepidogobius gilberti differs in the presence of papille on the shoulder girdle, and from Gillichthys y-cauda in the shape of the cranium.” (Gilbert MS.) San Diego Bay and southward; found by Dr. Gilbert abundant at Magdalena Bay, at Concepcion Bay, and St. Georges Bay, in the Gulf of California. (Named for Charles Henry Gilbert, pro- fessor of Zoology in the Leland Stanford Junior University. ) Lepidogobius gilberti, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 464, San Diego Bay. (Type, No, 40128, U.S. Nat.Mus. Coll. C. H. Eigenmann.) 825. CLEVELANDIA, Eigenmann & Eigenmann. Olevelandia, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 73 (longipinnis, EIGEN- MANN & EIGENMANN, = 70se@). This genus is closely allied to Gillichthys, differing chiefly in the form of the skull, which is rounded above, strongly convex in transverse pro- file, perfectly smooth, without ridges or crests. Body long and slender; maxillary much produced, but not extending to the gill opening; mouth horizontal; dorsal spines 4 or 5, very weak; body covered with minute cycloid embedded scales; soft dorsal and anal long, each of 14 to 17 rays. (Named for Daniel Cleveland, esq., president of the San Diego Society of Natural History, a gentleman deeply interested in scientific matters. ) a. Caudal short, rounded; dorsal spines 5. 10s, 2586. aa. Caudal pointed, scarcely shorter than head; dorsal spines 4. ROS2, 2587. 2586. CLEVELANDIA IOS (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 3} in length of body; depth 6. D. V-16; A. 14; eye 6} in head; maxillary 13; pectoral 12; ventrals 14; caudal 14; base of soft dorsal 3 in length of body; base of anal 34. Body long and slender, compressed, the back not elevated; caudal peduncle moderately wide; head long, profile steep to within a short distance of the front of the eye, thence horizontal; mouth very large, not very oblique, the maxillary projecting to opposite the middle of the cheek; jaws subequal; teeth in narrow villiform bands; eye small, longer than wide, set high in head; interorbital space narrow, about as wide as eye. Body covered with very small cycloid scales, too small to count; spinous dorsal well separated from soft dorsal, the spines slender; soft dorsal the higher, its origin a little nearer base of caudal fin than tip of snout; anal about equal to soft dorsal in height, its origin a little behind first dorsal ray, ending at about the same comparative place as soft dorsal; ventrals inserted slightly behind pectorals, reaching mid- way between their base and front of anal; caudal short, its end rounded. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2255 Color light olivaceous, the cheeks and sides with many dark points which form mottlings; snout dark; a dark spot on upper part of opercle; top of head black; dorsals light, with 3 or 4 dark lines running across the rays; some dark spots on base of anal; pectorals crossed with dark wavy lines; caudal with about 5 irregular cross bars. Puget Sound and neighboring waters. Here described from 2 specimens, each 2 inches in length, dredged off Port Orchard by Mr. Edwin C. Starks. The original description is imperfect and partly incorrect, the single type, from the stomach of Hera- grammos asper, being in bad condition. (20s, arrow.) Gobiosoma ios, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 437, Saanich Arm, Van- couver Island (Coll. Jordan & Gilbert); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 948, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 509. Olevelandia ios, JORDAN & STARKS, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 839, pl. 100. 2587. CLEVELANDIA ROSH, Jordan & Evermann. Head 4 (4% in total); depth 6} (7). D.IV-16; A. 17; scales 70-18, Body very much elongate, slender; head long and slender, depressed ante- riorly much as in Lucius; profile straight; eye moderate, slightly shorter than snout, 44 in length of head; interorbital area about as wide as pupil; anteorbital area scarcely + diameter of eye; mouth large, maxillary extending much beyond orbit; lower jaw flat, slightly curved upward anteriorly ; mouth very much as in Lucius ; teeth all small, in narrow bands in each jaw; the outer ones of the upper jaw slightly larger than the others. Scales minute, slightly enlarged posteriorly; the margins plain, anterior part of the exposed area lengthwise striated; breast and ante- dorsal area naked. Distance from snout to insertion of first dorsal spine 23 in body; the spines slender and short, 3 in head; interdorsal area equals snout and eye; dorsal rays slightly longer than spines, the last ray not extending halfway to caudal; caudal pointed, scarcely shorter than head; ventrals not reaching halfway to vent, 1? in head; pectoral 14 in head; vent slightly behind middle of body. Color light brownish; numerous darker spots of aggregated points along nape and upper half of body; belly white; head slightly darker than body; posterior edge of oper- cle white; an oblique silvery bar on the lower half of opercle, and a light blotch at the upper corner of opercle; cheek with black points; some light areas below eye; lower surface of head and posterior part of max- illaries plain; 2 dark bars on spinous dorsal; second dorsal with 3 or 4 dark bars; a curved black bar at base of caudal; remainder of caudal irregularly barred with dark; other fins plain. Length 12 inches. San Diego Bay (Eigenmann & Eigenmann); at first incorrectly identified by Mr. and Mrs. Eigenmann with Evermannia longipinne (Steindachner), a species similar in habit but wholly scaleless. (Named for Mrs. Rosa Smith Eigenmann.) Clevelandia longipinnis, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 73; not Gobi- osoma longipinne, STEINDACHNER. Clevelandia rose, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 229, San Diego. (Coll. R. 8. Eigenmann.) 2256 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 826. EVERMANNIA, Jordan. Evermannia, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., Iv, 1895, series 2, 592 (zosterura). Body slender, compressed behind, entirely naked. Head long, slender. Snout rather pointed; mouth moderate, terminal, the maxillary more or less produced backward; teeth small and slender, the outer above slightly enlarged. Skull with a small median crest, not much widened behind. Interorbital space very narrow, channeled; no dermal flaps on shoulder girdle; first dorsal of 4 to 6 spines; second dorsal and anal long, of 14 or 15 rays. Caudal lanceolate. Ventrals formed as in Gobius and Gobio- soma. Size small, the sexes not colored alike. Species living in holes in sand and mud between tide marks. (Named for ‘‘my former student and later scientific associate, Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, now ichthyolo- gist of the United States Fish Commission, in recognition of his work on the fishes of the Gulf of California,”—Jordan. ) a. Head 33; depth 54; body and fins dotted. LONGIPINNIS, 2588. aa. Head 34; depth 62; vertical fins in males banded with black and with white edgings. ZOSTERURA, 2589. 2588. EVERMANNIA LONGIPINNIS (Steindachner). Head 34; depth 5 to 54. D. IV to VI-16 or 17; A. 16 or 17; snout slightly decurved in profile, 3} in head; eye 6, greater than interorbital width. Body very slender. Mouth somewhat oblique, the jaws equal; maxillary extending beyond middle of head to a distance behind eye equal to diameter of eye. Teeth in each jaw in 2 series laterally and 3 in front, those of the outer series somewhat enlarged. Fins low, the longest dorsal spine 2 in head; pectoral a little shorter than caudal, scarcely longer than ventrals. Caudal rounded, shorter than head, probably 43 in body. Body and head completely naked.* Brownish yellow; upper parts of head and body with small, irregularly placed brown spots and streaks; dorsals and caudal finely barred with dark specks. (Steindach- ner). Gulf of California; not seen by us; known from 3 specimens 374 mm. long. We refer this species provisionally to Evermannia, with which genus it agrees in external respects, although the mouth is much larger. It may be the type of a distinct genus. It differs from Clevelandia in the entire absence of scales. (longus, long; pinna, fin.) Gobiosoma longipinne, STEINDACHNER, Ich. Beitr., vim, 27, 1879, Las Animas Bay, Gulf of California; JoRDAN & EIGENMANY, l. c., 509. Evermannia longipinnis, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 229. 2589. EVERMANNIA ZOSTERURA (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 34; depth 6. D. IV-15; A. 14; eye equals snout, 5 in head; P. 14; C.1}. Body compressed, profile convex; snout short, not very blunt; eyes high, the maxillary reaching to their posterior margin; mouth oblique, jaws equal; first spine of dorsal filamentous, reaching to middle * At our request Dr. Steindachner has reexamined the types of this species. He still finds them ‘t vollkommen schuppenlos.”’ a Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2257 of soft dorsal (male); body entirely naked. Body everywhere speckled with dots of dark brown. Maie sometimes with traces of 8 olive cross bands; fins very ornate, the dorsal and anal yellowish at base, then a broad median band of jet black, then a broad white margin; middle of caudal yellow to the tip, with a black band above and below, and a white edge above and below this as in dorsal and anal; no bands 6n tail. Fe- male with dorsal filament short, reaching about to first soft ray; dorsals and anal checkered with blackish; caudal faintly barred; all vertical fins with pale edgings, but without the black stripe of the males. Length 2inches. Very common on sandy bottoms, everywhere about the estuary of Mazatlan, the numerous specimens here described being dug out of the sand. It is seldom found much, if any, below the mark of low tide. It is a very handsomely colored species, the male being more strikingly marked than any other of our gobies. (Cw6rp, band; ovpa, tail.) Gobiosoma zosterurum, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 361, Mazatlan (fin rays incorrect), (Type, No. 29245, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. C. H. Gilbert); JorDAN & EIGENMANY, l. c., 509. Evermannia zosterura, JORDAN, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci., 2d ser., vol. rv, 1895, 498, pl. 51. 827. GOBIOSOMA, Girard. (NAKED GOBIES. ) Gobiosoma, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 169 (alepidotws). Body entirely naked; mouth moderate, horizontal; snout blunt; teeth in several series, the outer row enlarged; no canines; dorsal spines nor- mally 7, rarely 5 or 6; second dorsal and anal short; no barbels about head; shoulder girdle without flaps. Species chiefly American. (Gobius: C6@ua, body.) a. Coloration olivaceous, mottled with darker; no red nor blue. b. Maxillary extending to beyond pupil, 44 in head; color blackish, with sharply defined cross bars of whitish. Body rather short, the depth 54 in length; head 34; snout low, little obtuse; mouth large, rather oblique, the maxil- lary 22 in head; teeth small, in few series above, in a band below, the outer enlarged; fins low; caudal 14 in head. Cross bands on body as wide as eye, not quite meeting below; a dark blotch on base of pectoral, a fainter one on base of caudal; fins nearly plain. D. VII-13; A.12. HISTRIO, 2590. bb. Maxillary extending to below posterior part of orbit; coloration not sharply defined, the body usually with dark cross streaks. ce. Body rather short, chubby, the depth about 4 in length; head about 32; head rounded above; teeth in several series, slender, the outer ones somewhat elongate, none of the inner ones specially enlarged. Color olivaceous, with dark points; sides with narrow, alternating light and dark bars; a row of small linear dark spots along middle of sides; first dorsal with 3 oblique dark bars; second dorsal, caudal, and pectorals finely barred, base and edge of anal light, middle dark; breast with many well-defined spots; a dark line running forward and downward from eye to angle of mouth, another extending straight down; a black bar on edge of preopercle, a black spot on upper edge of opercle. D. VII-13; A. 10. MOLESTUM, 2591- 2258 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, ce. Body more elongate, depth 5 to 6 in body; head very broad, flattish above, with tumid cheeks, its length 34in body; eye small, longer than snout, 5 in head; mouth large, little oblique, the jaws subequal. d. Soft dorsal with 14 rays; no crescent at base of caudal; maxillary extending to below posterior part of orbit (at least in male), 24 in head; teeth in few series, the outer considerably enlarged; 2 teeth on each side of inner series of lower jaw especially large canines; dorsal spines slender, none filamentous ; caudal rounded. Olivaceous, with darker cross shades of rounded spots; vertical fins dusky, faintly barred. Teeth of the female similar to those of the male but smaller; head narrower; more slender. D. VII- 14; A.10. BOSCT, 2592. dd. Soft dorsal with 12 rays; a brown crescent at base of caudal. CRESCENTALE, 2593. aa. Coloration not plain olivaceous; head with a red bar; anterior dorsal rays not pro- duced in filaments ; bead and body compressed; greatest depth 52 in total length, head about 4; angle of mouth little behind center of eye; eye 4 in head; teeth pointed, in several series, those of the outer series a little enlarged; caudal rounded. Head light yellow; a carmine-red bar extending along upper edge of head, from upper corner of gill opening to snout, where it joins its fellow, ending behind over the pectoral in a small indigo-blue spot; body with 16 or 17 light green, well-defined cross bars, separated by narrow white stripes; fins chiefly gresnish. D. VII (VI)-11 or 12; A.10. MULTIFASCIATUM, 2594. 2590. GOBIOSOMA HiISTRIO, Jordan. Head 34; depth 54. D. VII-12 or 13; A. 11 or 12; maxillary 2} in head; caudal 14. Body rather short; snout depressed, little obtuse; mouth large, rather oblique, maxillary reaching to below posterior part of orbit; chin without barbels; many series of minute papillz along mucous pores of head. Teeth small, in few-series above, in a band below, the outer enlarged. Fins low. Cross bands on body whitish, as wide as eye, not quite meeting below; a dark blotch on base of pectoral, a fainter one on base of caudal; fins nearly plain. Length 2 inches. Gulf of Cali- fornia; known only from the Gulf of California at Guaymas (Emeric; Evermann & Jenkins) and La Paz (Gilbert). (histrio, a harlequin.) Gobiosoma histrio, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 260, Guaymas, Mexico (Coll. H. F. Emeric); JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 508; EVERMANN & JENKINS, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. 1891, 162. 2591. GOBIOSOMA MOLESTUM, Girard. Head about 32; depth 4. D. VII-13; A. 10; vertebrae 12+ 15. Body rather short, maxillary extending to below posterior part of orbit. Teeth in several series, slender, the outer ones somewhat elongate, none of the inner ones specially enlarged. Skull flattish, with a slight median keel; lateral crests developed, lower and stronger than in Gobius; interorbital very narrow, bounded by 2 minute crests; bones of the skull very weak and fragile. Teeth in both jaws recurved, in 2 or 3 series. Olivaceous, with dark points; sides with narrow, alternating light and dark bars; a row of small dark spots along middle of side; first dorsal with 3 oblique dark bars; second dorsal, caudal, and pectorals finely barred; base and EEO oe Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2259 edge of anal light, middle dark; breast with many well-defined spots; a dark line running forward and downward from eye to angle of mouth, another extending straight downward from eye; a black bar on edge of preopercle, and a black spot on upper edge of opercle. A specimen taken at Key West is thus described: Pale olive, with darker cross bands formed of dark dots; arow of dark dots along middle of side; vertical fins all mottled and faintly barred with dark olive; pectorals and ventrals nearly plain. Length 2} inches. Gulf coast of the United States; common in shallow waters along the coast from Key West to Texas and south to Bahia. (molestus, disturbed. ) ; Gobiosoma molestum, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 169, Indianola, Texas; GIRARD, U.S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., 27, pl. 12, fig. 14.1859; GUNTHER, Cat., 1m, 556, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 638, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. ¢., 508. Gobiosoma alepidotum, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 297, Laguna Grande, Pensacola. (Coll. Dr. Jordan.) 2592. GOBLOSOMA BOSCI (Lacépéde). (NAKED GOBY.) Head 34; depth 5to6. D. VII-14; A. 10; eye 5, longer than snout. Body more elongate; head very broad, flattish above, with tumid cheeks, Eye small. Mouth large, little oblique, jaws subequal, the maxillary extending to below posterior part of orbit (at least in male), 2} in head. Teeth in few series, the outer considerably enlarged; 2 teeth on each side of inner series of lower jaw especially large canines. Dorsal spines slender, not filamentous; caudalrounded. Olivaceous, with darker cross shades of rounded spots; vertical fins dusky, faintly barred. Atlantic coast of the United States, Cape Cod to Florida; generally common, especially south- ward in shallow grassy bays. (Named for M. Bosc, French consul at Charleston in the last century; an ardent naturalist.) Gobius bosci, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 555, pl. 16, fig. 1, 1798, Charleston, South Carolina. (Coll. M. Bosc.) Gobius alepidotus, BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichthyol., 547, 1801, after LAckpipE; DE Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fishes, 160, pl. 23, fig. 70, 1842. Gobius viridipallidus, M1TcHILL, Trans. Lit, and Philos. Soc. N. Y., 1, 1814, 379, pl. 1, fig. 8, New York. Gobiosoma bosci, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 613; JorDAN & EIGENMANN, l. ¢., 508. Gobiosoma alepidotum, GUNTHER, Cat., III, 85, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 638, 1883. 2593. GOBIOSOMA CRESCENTALE, Gilbert. Head 3% in length; depth 64; eye 54 in head; snout 54. D. VII-12; A. 11. Body very slender, the head depressed, broad and flattened above, the head and body of nearly equal depth throughout. Mouth small, oblique, the maxillary not extending beyond the vertical from posterior border of orbit, 24 in head; eyes small, 1? in the rather broad interorbital space. Teeth in bands in both jaws, the outer series enlarged, canine- like, and distant. Fins all small, the caudal short and rounded from a broad base, pectoral as long as head without snout; ventrals short, not 2260 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. reaching 3 the distance from their base to vent; dorsal spines not fila- mentous; skin wholly naked. Color in spirits, lower half of head and body uniform warm brown, the back much lighter, the two areas sepa- rated by a well-defined line along middle of sides; this line passing through orbit and through the middle of the base of the pectoral fin; back light grayish, with brownish reticulations, which tend to form 5 or 6 indis- tinet darker bars uniting with the darker area below the lateral line; a conspicuous brown crescent at base of caudal and pectorals, broad below, narrowing above, margined in front with whitish; anal brown at base; dorsal and caudal with small brown spots forming faint cross series. A single specimen known. Off coast of Lower California. (Gilbert.) (crescentalis, pertaining to a crescent. ) Gobiosoma crescentalis, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 557, off coast of Lower Cal- ifornia, at Albatross Station 2825, 24° 22/ N., 110° 19/ 15// W., in 79 fathoms. 2594. GOBIOSOMA MULTIFASCIATUM, Steindachner. Head about 4; depth 53. D. VII-12 (Poey), VI-11 (Steindachner) ; eye 4 inhead. Body and head compressed. Angle of mouth little behind center of eye. Teeth pointed, in several series, those of outer series somewhat enlarged. Dorsal rays not filamentous; caudal fin rounded. Head light yellow; a carmine-red bar extending along upper edge of head, from upper corner of gill opening to snout, where it joins its fellow, ending behind over the pectoral in a small indigo-blue spot; body with 16 or 17 light-green, well-defined cross bars, separated by narrow white stripes. (Steindachner.) West Indies; known from Cuba, St. Thomas, and the Lesser Antilles; not seen by us. Its coloration is very different from that of Gobiosoma, and it may belong to a distinct genus. (multus, many; fasciatus, banded.) Gobius lineatus,* Pory, Memorias, 1, 424, 1861, Cuba; name preoccupied by Gobius line- aus, JENYNS. Gobiosoma multifasciatum, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitriige, Vv, 183, 1870, Lesser Antilles; JORDAN & EIGENMANYN, l.c. ,509; EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, l. ¢., 73. 828. BARBULIFER, Eigenmann & Eigenmann. Barbulifer, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 70 (papillosus). A series of numerous minute barbels around the mouth and chin; other- ‘wise as in Gobiosoma; body naked, the dorsal spines 7; second dorsal and anal very short. (barbula, a small barbel; fero, I bear.) 2595. BARBULIFER CEUTHECUS (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 33; depth 7. D.VII-10; eye 4; A.10. Body slender; head nar- row and slender, depressed; snout not blunt; mouth terminal, oblique, the maxillary reaching to below eye, 3 in head; eyes close together; chin * Gobius lineatus is thus described: Head 33; depth of body 6 in length. D. VIJ-12; eye 6 in head. Body elongate, subcylindrical, maxillary extending almost to below middle of eye; pectorals rounded; dorsals high. Yellowish green; the body with 20 ver- tical yellow bands; ared band extending from snout to point of opercle; fins yellowish. Cuba. (Poey.) Type .43 mm. in length. ere ee Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2261 with a fringe of short barbles; vertical fins high, rays not filamentous. Upper half of head and body brown, finely speckled; 4 oblong, colorless areas along base of dorsals and a smaller one on back of caudal peduncle; lower parts abruptly pale; back with 5 or 6 blackish cross bars reaching to middle of sides, below which they extend as 5 or 6 short V-shaped pro- jections; a brownish streak below eye; a small brown bar on base of pectoral, and a jet black bar at base of caudal. About Key West; scarce. (éD90s, a cavity; oZxéo, to inhabit; the type specimen taken from the cavity of a sponge.) Gobiosoma ceuthaecum, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus. 1884, 29, Key West; young (Lype in U.S. N.M.); JoRDAN & EIGENMANY, I. c., 508. Barbulifer papillosus,* EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888, 70, Key West, Florida; adult. 829. TYPHLOGOBIUS, Steindachner. (BLIND GOBIES.) Typhlogobius, STEINDACHMER, Ichth. Beitriige, vi, 24, 1879 (californiensia). Othonops, RosA SmirH, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 19 (eos = californiensis). Body moderately elongate, compressed, covered with loose, smooth, naked skin. Head large, depressed, with tumid cheeks. Mouth large, the maxillary reaching to beyond the orbit; jaws equal, each with a nar- row band of villiform teeth, the outer teeth slightly enlarged; lower jaw capable of little motion; snout rounded; nocirri. Eyes very small, reduced to mere vestages, covered by skin, and functional only in the young. Skull greatly modified, the brain case quadrate. Fins low; first dorsal of 2 flexi- ble spines; second dorsal moderate; anal very short; caudal rounded; ventral disk as in Gobius. Gill openings rather narrow. One species known; singular blind gobies, living like slugs under rocks between tide marks. (ru@dAds, blind; Gobius.) *This species, which we suppose to be the adult of Barbulifer ceuthecus, is thus de- scribed by Dr. Eigenmann: Head 34 (42 in total); depth 44 (53). D. VII-9; A.9. Body short and robust, deepest below first dorsal spine; head blunt, protile straight from first dorsal spine to eye, much curved in front of eye; eye longer than snout, 34 in head; inter- orbital area } diameter of eve; snout blunt; mouth small, oblique; maxillary 3 in head, reaching to below anterior margin of pupil; lips thick. About 21 barbels, in Jength 4 orbital diameter or longer, arranged as follows: A series of 7 cross the snout from one angle of the mouth to the opposite angle, the anterior 3 on the snout rather thick and colored (2 of them nasal), all the others yellowish, the barbel nearest each angle of the mouth longer than any of the others; on the lower jaw a barbel near each rictus, 2 on the chin, behind which are 2 pairs of barbels; posterior to these and below the rictus are 2 barbels on each side; 1 slender barbel on each side of preopercle below the posterior mar- gin of the eye. Numerous rows of pores or papilla on the head; 1 series extendin straight downward on the anterior part of the opercle, from the upper end of whic another series extends perpendicularly backward; other pores irregularly scattered on the opercle; a double series extending along edge of preopercle, the pores becoming larger and especially conspicuous below, meeting on the chin; 6 or 7 series radiating from eye, extending to snout, maxillary, and opercular series below; a row of pores nearly sur- rounding mouth, curving backward, encircling the nasal opening; 1 series about the eye posteriorly, otherwise none on top of head or nape; fins high and rounded; second dorsal higher than first, 14 in head, caudal very broad and rounded, equal to the head in length; anal lower than soft dorsal; ventral reaching = to vent, 14 in head; pectoral 14 in head. Color yellow; upper half of body with a broad band of purplish spots; 6 diamond-shaped spots of darker cross the band, extending above and below it; nape,top of head, and upper part of cheek covered with dark points; opercle light yellow, cheeks darker; an oblique bar of black points on upper half of pectoral base, a curved bar of fainter spots on base of caudal; fins otherwise colorless and transparent. Length 1} inches. (Eigen- mann.) 2262 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2596. TYPHLOGOBIUS CALIFORNIENSIS, Steindachner. (BLIND GoBy OF Pornt LOMA; PINK-FISH.) Head 34; depth 5; eye 6; eye concealed, very small; D.II-12; A.12. Ver- tebre 17+13. Body subcylindrical, the males more compressed behind; head very broad behind, its greatest width its length. Interorbital space a mere ridge; skin about mouth and eye very loose; a small papilla in front of nasal opening. Lower lip developed as a fold; another fold of skin behind it, bordered with fine cilia; behind this fold is arow of short, thick papille; edge of jaw rounded. Spinous dorsal remote from the soft dor- sal in the male, but connected with it by a low membrane, this membrane absent in the female; soft dorsal much higher than the spinous; caudal broad, rounded; anal very short, inserted under sixth dorsal ray, and coterminous with dorsal; pectorals little longer than ventrals, 2 in head. Body naked; males with small tubercular plates irregularly placed. Skull highest at its posterior part, depressed forward; the bones all thick and strong. No lateral crests; a median keel which is lowest behind. Orbit not bounded by any ridges. Two keels diverge from the posterior end of the median keel to the insertion of the suprascapula. Premaxil- laries and mandible very long. Teeth of the upper jaw all alike, long, close-set, in a broad band, those of the lower jaw in a narrow band, the inner ones apparently larger. Color uniform light pink. Length 2 inches. Coast of Lower California, from San Diego southward to Cerros Island; an extraordinary fish, found attached to the lower side of rocks in shallow water or surf; especially common at Point Loma. Typhlogobius californiensis, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitrige, vil, 24, 1879, False Bay, San Diego, California (Coll. Prof. Essmark); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 639, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANYN, l. ¢., 511. Othonops eos, ROSA SMITH, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 53, Point Loma, California. 830. TYNTLASTES, Giinther. Tyntlastes, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1862, 193 (sagitta). Body elongate, compressed, covered with small, imbricate, cycloid scales. Head elongate, quadrangular. Mouth wide, oblique, the lower jaw projecting; teeth small, in single series, none on vomer or palatines. Eyes very small, or rudimentary. Dorsal fin single, continuous, about 6 of its anterior rays simple; caudal fin pointed, more or less joined to the dorsal and anal; ventral fins united. Air bladder very small or absent. No pseudobranchixw. Vertebre 11-+20. Pacific Ocean. (ruvrAaérys, a mud-dabbler. ) a. Dorsal and anal each with 15 soft rays; head 44 in length. BREVIS, 2597. aa. Soft dorsal and anal each with 21 unbranched or soft rays; head 5} in length. SAGITTA, 2598. 2597. TYNTLASTES BREVIS (Giinther). Head 44; depth 8. D.VI,15;* A.15. Eyes minute. Jaws each with a * The dorsal formula is apparently VIII, 14 in 2 half-digested specimens taken from the stomach of a Centropomus at Panama. (Gilbert.) | Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2263 series of wide-set teeth. Caudal fin black. (Giinther.) Panama; not seen by us. (brevis, short.) Amblyopus brevis, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1864, 151, Panama; GiiNTHER, Fishes Centr. Amer., 441, 1869. Tyntlastes brevis JORDAN & EIGENMANN, I. c., 512. 2598. TYNTLASTES SAGITTA (Giinther). Head 53; depth 9%. D.VI,21; A.21. Body and head elongate, com- pressed. Maxillary reaching to behind eye; teeth subhorizontal, very small. Scales becoming larger posteriorly. Caudal arrow-shaped, about 4in body; pectorals as long as ventrals, 2 in head. Grayish, sides and under parts silvery; an ovate gray spot before each dorsal ray; caudal grayish. (Giinther.) Length 94 inches. Coast of Lower California; exact locality unknown. (sagitta, arrow.) Amblyopus sagitta, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1862, 193, ‘‘ California,’’ probably from Lower California. ” Tyntlastes sagitta, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 639, 1883; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. ¢., 512. 831. GOBIOIDES, Lacépéde. (BARRETOS.) Gobioides, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 580, 1798 (broussonnetii). Plecopodus, RAFINESQUE, Analyse de la Nature, 87, 1815 (broussonnetii); substitute for Gobioides, regarded as objectionable. Ognichodes, SWAINSON, Nat. Hist. Class’n Animals, 1, 183 and 278, 1839 (broussonnetii). j Body greatly elongate, compressed behind, the scales very minute; head small; eyes very small; mouth large, oblique, the lower jaw project- ing; gill openings moderate. Teeth in a band, those in the outer series being very strong. Dorsal rays V to VU, 15 to 23; anal rays 16 to 23. Dorsal fin low, continuous, the spines similar to the soft rays, but more widely separated; the soft dorsal and the anal are joined to base of cau- dal; ventrals 45, united in a disk which is formed much as in Gobius. No air bladder; no pseudobranchie. From Tenioides (—Amblyopus) the genus Gobioides is distinguished by the absence of barbels, the presence of scales, and by the much smaller number of rays in its vertical fins. Brackish waters of the Tropics, reaching a considerable size. (Gobius; é76 0S, resemblance. ) a. Eye small, but evident; scales evident, larger behind. BROUSSONNETII, 2599. aa. Eye minute, not evident; scales minute. PERUANUS, 2600. 2599. GOBIOIDES BROUSSONNETII, Lacépéde. Head 54 (young) to 7 (adult); caudal 31 to 5; eye small but evident, 7 to 10 in head; interorbital space 1 to 13 diameter ofeye. D.VII,16; A. I,16. Body elongate, mouth oblique, maxillary extending beyond eye; teeth in bands, the outer series enlarged, shorter, and closer set than in Gobioides peruanus; scales twice as large as in peruanus, those on anterior part of body not imbricated, much smaller than those on posterior part, 2264 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. which are elongate oval in form. Violet bars extending downward and forward on the upper part of body; sometimes a violet spot with a lighter or darker dot at end of the bars; head marbled or spotted with dark violet or brown. (Steindachner.) Length 20 inches or more. West Indies to Brazil; common southward, ascending rivers; once taken near New Orleans (Bean & Bean). (Named for Dr. Augustin Broussonnet, professor in the University of Montpelier. ) Gobioides broussonnetii, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 580, 1798, probably from Surinam, “given by Holland to France.”’ Amblyopus brasiliensis, BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 69, 1801, Brazil; on drawing made by Prince Maurice; CUVvIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XU, 121, 1837. Gobious oblongus, BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 548, 1801; based on LACEPEDE. Gobioides barreto, Porky, Memorias, 1, 282, 1861, Cuba; Pory, Synopsis, 394, 1868; Pory; Enumeratio, 125, 1876. Amblyopus mexicanus, O’SHAUGHNEsSY, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., series Iv, vol. xv, 1875, 147, Mexico.* Gobioides broussoneti, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, l. c., 512; BEAN & BEAN,t Proce. U.S. Nat- Mus. 1895, 631. 2600. GOBIOIDES PERUANUS (Steindachner). Head 5; depth 11. D. VII, 17; A. I, 16. Eye scarcely visible, much smaller than in G. broussoneti; scales very minute; snout 2} in post- orbital part of head; interorbital 5 in head; lower jaw slightly project- ing; maxillary 23 in head; a series of large slender teeth in each jaw, behind which, in each jaw, is a narrow band of fine teeth; caudal 4} in * The following is Mr. O’Shaughnessy’s description of Amblyopus mexicanus: D. VII, 15; A. I, 15. Depth 13 in total length. Body covered all over with scale-shaped crypts. Head naked. Dorsal} height of body. Eye small, but distinct. Snout obtuse; lower jaw extending a little beyond upper. Teeth small, close set, the outer series much smaller and more closely set than in G. broussonnetii. Dorsal and anal connected with the caudal. Upper parts dark brown, with a series of white spots along the whole length of the side; lower parts of sides and belly white. One specimen in the British Museum, from Mexico, purchased. Length 20}inches. (O’Shaughnessy.) This seems to differ from G@. broussonnetii in color only. + The following description is given by Bean & Bean of Gobioides broussonnetit (Lacépéde) : Head7; depth14. D.VI,17; A. 1,16. The greatest depth of the head equals the length of the upper jaw, or about 3 thelength of head withoutsnout. The body is compressed. Its greatest thickuess is contained 13 times in its greatest depth. The teeth are in narrow bands in each jaw, some of those in the outer row enlarged, canine-like, and curved inward. All of the teeth aremore or less curved inward and depressible. The vomer and palate are toothless. Themouth is oblique, the lower jaw projecting slightly beyondthe upper. The maxilla extends well behind the eye, its length is slightly more than 3 that of head without thesnout. Itis not muchexpanded posteriorly. Eyes very small, their diameter equaling 4 length of snout, about equal to width of interorbital space. The snout scarcely equals more than } of the head’s length. Gill openings wide, the membranes wholly joined tothe isthmus. Branchiostegals much curved, 4 in number. The dorsal begins at a distance from the nape equal to the postorbital part of the head, the origin being about over the end of the extended pectoral. The ventral reaches farther back than the pectoral, and is longer than that fin, its length equaling postorbital part of head. The distance of the vent from the tip of the snout equals somewhat more than 3 times the length of the head; itis under the interspace between the last spine and first ray of the dorsal, with a small genital papilla behind it. The caudal is very long and tapering, 12 times as long as the head. The dorsal spines are long and slender, the fifth nearly as long as the postorbital part of the head. The second dorsal ray is slightly longer. The anal rays are about as long as those of the dorsal. The scales are thin, not imbricated, except on the posterior part of the head, where they are long and elliptical in shape. The head and breast are naked. The colors have faded out in alcohol; the ground color appears to have been light brown, with darker bletches on the median line of the body under the spinous portion of the dorsal and the anterior part_of the soft dorsal. (Bean & Bean.) Here described from a specimen obtained in the Gulf of Mexico by Mr. Robert S. Day, of New Orleans, Lonisiana, and is No. 38220, U. S, Nat. Mus. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2265 body, connected by membrane to dorsal and anal; sides with regular cross series of pores. Body with narrow angular cross bars; dorsal rays violet, the membrane yellowish. (Steindachner.) Shores of Ecuador and Peru, ascending rivers. Amblyopus peruanus, STEINDACHNER, Fisch-Fauna des Cauca und Fliisse hei Guayaquil, 42, 1880, Guayaquil. Gobioides peruanus, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 2d ser., 1, 1888, 75. 832. CAYENNIA, Sauvage. Cayennia, SAUVAGE, Bull. Sci. Philom., ser. 7, rv, 1880, 57 (guichenoti). Body much elongate; dorsals united, caudal free from dorsal and anal; ventrals united, not adhering to belly; teeth small, the outer enlarged; anterior part of body naked, posterior part covered with cycloid scales, Otherwise as in Gobioides, from which the genus may not be separable. (Name from Cayenne.) 2601. CAYENNIA GUICHENOTI, Sauvage. Head 9; depth 17. D. VI, 17; A.1, 16; vertebrae about 36. Head deeper than wide; eye small, placed well forward; maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of eye; a low membrane connecting dorsal and caudal; caudal 7 in length; ventrals 14 in head. Color brownish, marbled with black anteriorly. Cayenne (Sauvage); not seen by us. (Named for A. Guichenot, formerly ichthyologist of the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle at Paris.) Oayennia guichenoti, SAUVAGE, Bull. Soc. Philom., ser. 7, Iv, 1880, 57 Cayenne; EIGEN- MANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1888,76. Suborder DISCOCEPHALI. Bony fishes ‘‘ with a suctorial transversely laminated oval disk on the upper surface of the head (homologous with a flat dorsal fin), thoracic ventral fins with external spines, a simple basis cranii, intermaxillary bones flattened, with the ascending processes deflected sideways, and with the supramaxillary bones attenuated backward, flattened, and appressed to the dorsal surface of the intermaxillaries; hypercoracoid (or scapula) perforated nearly in the center, and with 4 short actinosts (earpals).” (Gill.) This remarkable group consists of a single family, Echeneididw. (d16x0s, disk; xepadn, head). Family CLXXXIX. ECHENEIDID. (THE REMOoRAS.) Body fusiform, elongate, covered with minute, cycloid scales. Mouth wide, with villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, palatines, and usually on tongue. Premaxillaries not protractile. Lower jaw projecting beyond upper. Spinous dorsal modified into a sucking disk, which is placed on 3030——65 2266 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. the top of the head and neck, and is composed of a double series of transverse, movable, cartilaginous plates, serrated on their posterior or free edges. By means of this disk these fishes attach themselves to other fishes or to floating objects, and are carried for great distances in the sea. Opercles unarmed. Pectoral fins placed high; ventral fins present, thoracic and close together, I, 5; dorsal and anal fins long, without spines, opposite each other; caudal fin emarginate or rounded. Branchi- ostegals 7. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; gill rakers short; gill mem- branes not united, free from the isthmus. Pseudobranchie obsolete. Several pyloric appendages. No air bladder. No finlets. No caudal keel. Vertebrie more than 10+ 14. Genera 4; species about 10, found in all seas, all having a very wide range. The species of this group are apparently descended from a fossil genus, Opisthomyzon,* Cope (glaron- ensis), characterized by the small posterior disk and slender body. The following description of this family is given by Dr. Gill: Body elongated, subcylindrical, diminishing backward gradually from the head and into the slender caudal peduncle. Anus subcentral. Scales cycloid, very small, and not, or scarcely, imbricated. Lateral line nearly straight and very faint. Head aboye oblong and with a flattened straight upper surface, furnished with an adhesive oblong or elongated, laminated disk. The eyes are rather small, submedian, and overhung by the disk. Subor- bital bones forming a slender infraorbital chain; the first or preorbital triangular and thick. Opercular apparatus normally developed and unarmed. Nostrils double, close together. Mouth terminal or, rather, superior, the lower jaw projecting, but with the cleft nearly horizontal and not extending laterally to the eyes. Teeth present on the jaws and palate. Branchial apertures ample and fissured forward. Branchiostegal rays 7 (or 8) on each side. The adhesive disk on the upper surface of the head is a modified first dorsal fin, and from the snout generally extends more or less posteriorly on the nape and back; it is oblong or elongated and of an oval or elliptical form, divided into equal halves by a longi- tudinal septum, and with more or less numerous transverse laminz in each division, the lamin being slightly erectile and depressible. Dorsal fin oblong or elongated on the posterior half of the body (including head), ending some distance from the caudal. Anal fin opposite and similar to the dorsal. Caudal fin rather small, variable in outline, but never deeply forked. Pectoral fins moderate, inserted high on the sides. Ventral fins thoracic, each with a spine and 5 branched rays. The vertebral column has vertebre in slightly increased numbers, the abdominal vertebre being about 12 to 14 and the caudal 15 or16. The stomach is cecal and the pyloric cea are present in moderate numbers. The air bladder is obsolete. * “4 careful comparison of the proportions of all the parts of the skeleton of the fossil Echeneis with those of the living forms, such as Echeneis naucrates or Echeneis remora, shows that the fossil differs nearly equally from both, and that it was a more normally shaped fish than either of these forms. The head was narrower and less flattened, the preoperculum wider, but its two jaws had nearly the same length. The ribs, as also the neural and hemal spines, were longer, the tail more forked, and the soft dorsal fin much longer. In fact, it was a more compressed type, probably a far better swimmer than its living congeners, as might be expected, if the smallness of the adhesive disk is taken into account.’ (Storms.) This form (Echeneis glaronensis, Wellstein) is made the type of the genus Opisthomyzon, Cope, the name referring to the posterior portion of the small disk. The vertebre in Opisthomyzon are 10+13=23. Jordan and Evermann,—Ffishes of North America, 2267 Concerning the relations of this family, Dr. Gill has the following pertinent remarks: “The family of Scombéroides was constituted by Cuvier for certain forms of known organization, among which were fishes evidently related to Caranx, but which had free dorsal spines. In the absence of knowledge of its structure, the genus Hlacate was approximated to such- because it also had free dorsal spines. Dr. Giinther conceived the idea of disin- tegrating this family, because, inter alias, the typical Scomberoides (family Scombride) had more than 24 vertebrie and others (family Carangid@) had just 24. The assumption of Cuvier as to the relationship of Elacate was repeated, but inasmuch as it has ‘more than 24 vertebrae’ (it has 25—12-+ 13) it was severed from the free-spined Carangide and associated with the Scombride. Elacate has an elongated body, flattish head, and a colored longitudinal lateral band; Echeneis has also an elongated body, flattened head, and a longitudinal lateral band; therefore Hcheneis was considered to be next allied to Elacate and to belong to the same family. The very numerous differences in structure between the two were entirely ignored, and the reference of the Echeneis to the Scombride is simply due to assumption piled on assumption. The collocation need not, therefore, longer detain us. The possession by Hcheneis of the anterior oval cephalic disk in place of a spinous dorsal fin would alone necessitate the isolation of the genus as a peculiar family. But that difference is associated with almost innumerable other peculiarities of the skeleton and other parts, and in a logical system it must be removed far from the Scombrida, and probably be endowed with subordinal distinction. In all essential respects it departs greatly from the type of structure manifested in the Scombrida and rather approximates—but very distantly—the Gobioidea and Blen- nioidea. In those types we have in some a tendency to flattening of the head, of anterior development of the dorsal fin, a simple basis cranii, ete. Nevertheless, there is no close affinity nor even any tendency to the extreme modification of the spinous dorsal exhibited by Echeneis. In view of all these facts Echeneis, with its subdivisions, may be regarded as constituting not only a family but a suborder. *~ * * Who can con- sistently object to the proposition to segregate the Hcheneididw as a sub- order of teleocephaleous fishes? Not those who consider that the develop- ment of 3 or 4 inarticulate rays (or even less) in the front of the dorsal fin is sufficient to ordinarily differentiate a given form from another with only lor2such. Certainly the difference between the constituents of a disk and any rays or spines is much greater than the mere development or atrophy of articulations. Net those who consider that the manner of depression of spines, whether directly over the following, or to the right or left alternately, are of ordinal importance; for such differences again are manifestly of less morphological significance than the factors of a suc- torial disk. Nevertheless, there are doubtless many who will passively resist the proposition because of a conservative spirit, and who will vaguely recur to the development of the disk as being a ‘teleological modification,’ and as if it were not an actual fact and a development cor- related with radical modifications of all parts of the skeleton at least. But whatever may be the closest relations of Echeneis, or the systematic 2268 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. value of its peculiarities, it is certain that it is not allied to Elacate any more than to others of the hosts of Scombroid, Percoid, and kindred fishes, and that it differs in toto from it, notwithstanding the claims that have been made otherwise. It is true that there is a striking resemblance, especially between the young—almost as great, for example, as that between the placental mouse and the marsupial Antechinomys—but the like is entirely superficial, and the scientific ichthyologist should be no more misled in the case than would the scientific therologist by the likeness of the marsupial and placental mammals.” a. Body very slender, the vertebra 14+ 16—30; ventrals narrowly adnate to abdomen; lower jaw produced in a flap; pectorals acute, with flexible rays. vb. Lamine 10 only. PHTHEIRICHTHYS, 833. bb. Laminz 20 to 28. ECHENEIS, 834. aa. Body rather robust, the vertebrae 12-+ 15=27; ventrals broadly adnate to abdomen; lower jaw not produced; pectorals rounded. c. Lamine 24 to 27. REMILEGIA, 835. cc. Laminz 16 to 20. d. Pectoral rays soft and flexible. REMORA, 836. dd. Pectoral rays stiff and ossified. RHOMBOCHIRUS, 837. 833. PHTHEIRICHTHYS, Gill. Phtheirichthys, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 239 (lineata). Disk with 10 lamin; palatines with sharp teeth; teeth in pairs, uniform in all ages; otherwise as in Echeneis. A single species, found attached to spearfishes and Barracudas. (6ezp, a louse; 179s, fish.) 2602. PHTHEIRICHTHYS LINEATUS (Menzies). Head 5; disk twice as long as broad, its length 4} in body. D.X-33; A. 33. Lower jaw very narrow, much projecting. Body blackish, with 2 whitish lateral bands; all the fins white-margined. Tropical seas, rang- ing north to South Carolina and Pensacola; ratherrare. (lineatus, striped.) Echeneis lineata, MENZIES, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, I, 1791, 187, pl. 17, fig. 1, Pacific Ocean between the tropics; GUNTHER, Cat., II, 382, 1860. Echeneis tropica, EUPHRASEN, Nya Handl., xn, 317, 1791, Atlantic between the Tropics. Echeneis apicalis, Pony, Memorias, 1, 254, 1861, Cuba, (Coll. Poey.) Echeneis sphyrenarum, Pory. Memorias, 11, 255, 1861, Cuba, on Barracudas. (Coll. Poey.) Phtheirichthys lineatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 969, 1883. 834. ECHENEIS (Artedi) Linnzeus. Echeneis (ARTED!) LinnS, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 260, 1758 (naucrates). Leptecheneis, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 60 (naucrates); the name Echeneis being transferred to BE. remora, the only species known to Artedi. Body comparatively elongate, the vertebra 14 + 1630; disk long, of 20 to 28 laminze; pectoral pointed, its rays soft and flexible; soft dorsal and anal long, of 30 to 41 rays each; caudal lunate in the adult, convex in the young. Species of wide distribution, attaching themselves mainly to sea turtles and large fishes. (éyevyis, an ancient name, from éyo, to hold back; vavs, a ship.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2269 a. Disk of 22 to 26 laminz (rarely 21 or 28), its length less than 4 body. NAUCRATES, 2603. aa. Disk of 20 or 21 lamin, its lentth more than 1 body. NAUCRATEOIDES, 2604. 2603. ECHENEIS NAUCRATES, Linnzus. (SHARK-SUCKER; PEGA; PEGADOR; SUCKING-FISH.) Head 54; depth 11 to 12. D. XXII to XXVIII (rarely XXI)-32 to 41; A. 31 to 38. Breadth between pectorals 74; disk 4 to 5 in body; eye 5 in head; snout 24; maxillary 3; from angle of mouth:to tip of lower jaw 23; pectoral 13; ventrals 1}; middle caudal rays 12; highest anal ray 2; highest dorsal ray 2}; width of disk 24 in its length; base of dorsal 234, anal 2},in body. Body elongate, subterete, slender. Lower jaw strongly projecting, the tip flexible; maxillary reaching nostril; teeth uniform in the adult, the young with series of small slender teeth in advance of the others; gill rakers short and slender, about equal to pupil; vertical fins low. Anal rays higher than dorsal anteriorly; pectorals reaching very slightly past tips of ventrals; origin of ventral spine under middle of pectoral base; inner rays of ventral fins narrowly adnate to the abdo- men; dorsal and anal commencing and ending opposite each other; caudal with the middle rays produced in the young, the fin becoming emargi- nate or lunate with age. Color brownish; belly dark, like the back, as usual in this family; sides with a broad stripe of darker edged with whitish extending through eye to snout; caudal black, its outer angles whitish; pectorals and ventrals black, sometimes bordered with pale; dorsal and anal broadly edged with white anteriorly; adult nearly uni- form dark brown, not paler below. Warm seas, universally distributed ; common north to Cape Cod and occasionally to San Francisco, attaching itself to turtles and to large fishes, This species is very common in the tropics, being found attached to sharks, groupers, or any other large fish, withoutregard tospecies. Few large sharks at Key West are without them. They are often caught with hook and line from the wharf, where they fre- quently forsake their host to take the bait. Liitken’s remark that only Remora remora has been recorded from sharks is no longer true. Several writers have recognized 2 species of Echeneis proper—naucrates, with 22 to 26 Jaminie, the disk 4 to 5 in body, and naucrateoides (= albicauda = hol- brooki = lineatus), in which the disk is longer, 32 to 4 in body, but com- posed of fewer, 20 or 21, lamin. The latter form is rather common on our coast, the specimens from Key West above mentioned having 21. We doubt the existence of any permanent difference between the two, but provisionally retain Echeneis naucrateoides as a species distinct from Lche- neis naucrates until more complete comparison can be made. (nauerates, a pilot; vavs, ship; xparéw, to govern, guide.) Echeneis neucrates (misprint for naucrates), LINNUs, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 261, 1758, ‘‘in Pelago Indico;” GUNTHER, Cat., II, 384, 1860; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 416, 1883. Echeneis albicauda, Mircuiti, Amer. Monthly Mag., 11, 1817, 244, New York. Echeneis lunata, BANCROFT, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc., 1, 1830, 134, Kingston, Jamaica, ? Echeneis vittata, LOWE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1839, 89, Madeira. Echeneis fasciata, GRONOW, Ed. Gray, 92,1854, Mediterranean Sea. Leptecheneis naucrates, GILL, Proc. Ac, Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 60. 2270 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Echeneis vittata, RUPPELL, Neue Wirb. Fische, 82, 1835, Red Sea. Echeneis guaiacan, PoEY, Memorias, U1, 248, 1861,Cuba; young. (Coll. Poey.) Echeneis verticalis, PoEy, Memorias, 1, 253, 1861, Cuba; young. Echeneis metallica, PoEY, Memorias, U1, 252, 1861, Cuba; D. xx, 40; A.37; large speci- men, metallic green, the bands faint. (Coll. Poey.) Echeneis fusca, GRONOW, Cat. Fish., 92, 1854; after E. naucrates, L. 2604. ECHENEIS NAUCRATEOIDES, Zuiew. Head 5; depth 11. D.XX or XXI-32 to 35; A. 33 to 35. Disk 33 to 3% in total, twice width of body between pectorals. In all other respects essen- tially as in Echeneis naucrates, the disk longer, but composed of fewer lamine, the laminie being farther apart. Color of Echeneis naucrates. Cape Cod to West Indies, common on our south Atlantic coast; speci- mens before us from Key West. (naucrates, vavuparys, a pilot; ezdos, resemblance. ) Echeneis neucratoides, ZUIEW, Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petropol., rv, 1789, 279, no locality. Echeneis lineata, HOLBROOK, Ichth. S. C., 102, 1860, Charleston, South Carolina; not of MENZIES. Echeneis holbrooki, GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 382, 1860, Jamaica; D. x11, 35; A. 33. Leptecheneis naucrateoides, GILL, l. c., 61. 835. REMILEGIA, Gill. Remilegia, GILu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1864, 61 (australis). This genus differs from Remora chiefly in the length of the sucking disk, which has 24 to 27 amine; the soft dorsal and anal are proportionately short. (A metathesis for remeligo, the delayer or hinderer.) 2605. REMILEGIA AUSTRALIS (Bennett). D. XXVII-22; A.21 to 23. The length of the disk is 24 in the total, the width of the body between the pectorals 53. Caudal truncated; dorsal and anal fins not continued to the caudal. Color brown. This species has the general habit of ZL. remora, but may be readily distinguished from all the others by the extraordinary size of the disk, which is elongate, subelliptical, obtusely rounded anteriorly and posteriorly, and formed by 27 pairs of lamine; it extends backward beyond the vertical from the tip of the ventrals, and its length is 2} in the total. The spines with which the single lamina are armed are less conspicuous than in the other species, and do not offer the same resistance to the touch. There isa large posterior portion of the disk which is not provided with lamin, but quite smooth. The width of the disk, taken between the extremities of the bony lamine, is 4 of its length; the membranaceous margin is bent upward. The head and the body below the disk are depressed, and their height is 9} in the total length, whilst the width between the pec- torals is 53 in it. The body between the disk and the vertical fins is quadrangular, tapering posteriorly. The upper jaw is subtruncated, and overreached by the lower, which is much narrower; both are armed with a broad band of villiform teeth, and with an outer series of larger ones on Jordan and Evermann,.—Fishes of North America, 2271 the sides; the vomerine and palatine bones have a continuous band of teeth, narrowest on the vomer; the tongue is hard, cartilaginous, and destitute of teeth. The cleft of the mouth reaches only to the vertical from the nostril; the eye is small. The pectoral is rounded and small, its length being § of the total; the ventrals are slightly pointed, and, as in all the species of the genus, composed of 1 spine, hidden in the skin, and 4 soft rays; they are inserted immediately behind the vertical from the pectoral, which they equal in length; they can be received in a shal- low groove on the abdomen. The distance.between the dorsal and the disk is 34 in the length of the latter; the dorsal is low, and enveloped in a thick membrane. The caudal is truncated when stretched ont. The anal is very similar to the dorsal, and its origin and termination fall ver- tically below those of the latter. The scales are minute, and can be per- ceived only by the aid of a magnifier; they are embedded in pore-like cavities. (Giinther: description of type of Echeneis scutata.) Tropical seas; rare; recorded by Dr. Liitken from 10° N., 39° W. (Coll. Capt. V. Hygom) from a dolphin; not seen by us. (australis, southern.) Echeneis australis, BENNETT, Narr. Whaling Voyage, II, 273, pls. 24-26, 1840. Echeneis scutata, GUNTHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1860, 401, pl. 10, f. B, Ceylon (Coll. Dr. Sib- bald); GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 1, 381, 1860; Lirken, Vid. Medd. Kjébenh. 1875, 42. 836. REMORA, Gill. (REMORAS. ) Remora, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862. 239 (remora). Echeneis, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat, Sci. Phila. 1864, 60 (remora); not Echeneis, GILL, 1862, restricted to naucrates. Remoropsis, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 60 (brachypterus). Remorina, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 490, 1896 (albesens). Body rather robust, the vertebre 12+ 15—27; disk shortish, of 13 to 18 lamin ; pectoral rounded, its rays soft and flexible; soft dorsal and anal moderate, of 20 to 30 rays; caudal subtruncate. Species attaching them- selves to large fishes, especially to sharks. (emora, an ancient name, “holding back.”) REMORA: a. Lamine about 18; soft dorsal with 23 rays. REMORA, 2606. aa. Lamine 13 to 16. REMORINA: - b. Dorsal rays XIII, 22. ALBESCENS, 2607. ReEMOROPSIS (Remora ; ous, appearance) : bb. Dorsal rays XIV, XVI, 29 to 32. BRACHYPTERA, 2608. Subgenus REMORA. 2606. REMORA REMORA (Linnzus). (REMORA.) Head 4; disk 22; width between pectorals 5}. D.XVIII-23; A. 25; ver- tebre 12+15. Body comparatively robust, compressed behind. Pectoral fins rounded, short, and broad, their rays short and flexible; ventral fins 2272 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, adnate to the abdomen for more than + the length of their inner edge. Tip of lower jaw not produced into a flap; head broad, depressed; disk longer than the dorsal or the anal fin; maxillary scarcely reaching front of orbit. Caudal lunate; vertical fins rather high; pectoral 3 length of head. Color blackish, nearly uniform above and below. Length 15 inches. Warm seas, north to New York and San Francisco, where it is not rare; usually found attached to large sharks; very common in the West Indies; more robust than Hcheneis naucrates, and reaching a smaller size. Echeneis remora, LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 260, 1758, ‘‘in Pelago Indico; GUNTHER, Cat., U, 378, 1860; LiirKken, Vid. Medd. Kjébenh, 1875, 38; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 417, 1883. Echeneis squalipeta, DALDORF, Skrivt. Naturh. Selsk., 1, 1797, 157, Atlantic Ocean between the tropics ; GUNTHER, Cat., II, 377, 1860. Echeneis jacobewa, Low®, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1839, 89, Madeira. Echeneis remoroides, BLEEKER, Batoé, I, 70, Batoe. Echeneis parva, GRONOW, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 92, 1854, no locality; after E.remora, L. Echeneis postica, PozY, Memorias, 11, 255, 1861, Havana. (Coll. Poey.) Remora jacobed, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 239. Subgenus REMORINA, Jordan & Evermann. 2607. REMORA ALBESCENS (Temminck & Schlegel). Length of disk 3} to 3} in total length; width between pectorals 5 to 54; number of lamin on disk 13 or 14. D. XIII-22; A. 22. Angle of mouth in the vertical from the third lamina of the disk. Length of ventral fins equal to the distance between root of pectoral and posterior margin of eye. Color uniform grayish brown. (Giinther.) Tropical Pacific, stray- ing to America; a specimen taken at La Paz, Gulf of California (Streets), and 1 in the Gulf of Mexico (Bean). (albescens, whitish.) Echeneis albescens, TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 272, pl. 120, fig. 3, 1842, Japan; GinrHeER, Cat., 11,377, 1860; Streets, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., vu, 54, 1877. Remora albescens, JORDAN, Cat. Fishes, 66, 1885. Subgenus REMOROPSIS, Gill. 2608. REMORA BRACHYPTERA (Lowe). Head nearly 4; width between pectorals 6}. D. XIV to XVI-29 to 32; A. 25 to 30. Body robust, the greatest depth nearly twice the length of the short pectoral fins; disk shorter than base of dorsal, rather broad; upper jaw angular. Caudal nearly truncate. Light brown, darker below, fins paler. Warm seas, occasionally north to Cape Cod. (Ppaxvs, short; ATEPOYV, fin.) Echeneis brachyptera, Lown, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1839, 89, Madeira; GUNTHER, Cat., 1, 378, 1860; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 417, 1883. Echeneis sexdecimlamellata, ExYpoux & GERVAIS, Voy. Favorite, V, 77, pl. 31, 1839, Indian Ocean? Echeneis quatuordecimlaminatus, STORER, Rept. Fishes Mass., 155, 1839, Holmes Hole. Echeneis pallida, TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 271, pl. 120, fig. 2, 3, 1842, Japan, Echeneis niewhofii, BLHEKER, Sumatra, 1, 279, Sumatra. Kemoropsis brachypterus, GitL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 60. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2273 837. RHOMBOCHIRUS, Gill. Rhombochirus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 88 (osteochir). This genus agrees with Remora in every respect excepting the structure of the pectoral fins. These are short and broad, rhombic in outline, the rays all flat, broad and stiff, being partially ossified, although showing the usual articulation ; upper rays of pectoral broader than the others. One species known. (/dfos,rhomb; yezp, hand.) 2609. RHOMBOCHIRUS OSTEOCHIR (Cuvier). Head 43 in length; disk 24; width between pectorals 5. D. XVIII-21 to 23; A. 20 or 21; P.20. Mouth very small, maxillary not nearly reach- ing to the line of the orbit; outer series of teeth longer than the others. Disk very large, broader and rougher than in Remora remora, extending forward beyond the tip of thesnout. Caudal fin emarginate, with rounded angles. Light brown; underside of head, ventral line, part of ventrals and a spot on pectorals pale. West Indies north to Cape Cod; parasitic on species of Tetrapturus; rather rare. (06réov, bone; yezp, hand.) Echeneis osteochir, CUVIER, Régne Animal, Ed. 2, vol. 1, 348, 1829, no locality given; GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 381,1860; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 418, 1883. Echeneis tetrapturorum, POEY, Memorias, 1, 256, 1858, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) Group TRACHINOIDEA., (THE TRACHINOID FISHES.) A large group of transitional forms, some of them of doubtful relation- ships, showing affinities with the Percoidea on the one hand and with the Batrachoidide and Blennoidea on the other. In general, the spinous dorsal is short or weak, the soft dorsal long and similar to the anal, and the squama- tion is less complete and less ctenoid than in the Percoidea. The skull is, in general, depressed, with the supraocular crest low, and the suborbital stay is wanting, although in some genera the suborbital bones are enlarged. The bones of the skull are not strongly armed, and the ventral fins are often inserted well forward, and they are sometimes reduced in size. The group is divided by Dr. Gill into Percophidoidea, Trachinoidea, and Uranoscopoidea. The two latter groups are natural and related, but, as Dr. Gill observes, ‘“‘the Percophidoidea are undoubtedly a heterogeneous group and need a thorough revision.” The relations of Bathymaster, Tricho- don, and Latilus especially are uncertain. Several of the leading families of this group are confined to the South Temperate Zone, and none of the Trachinide occurs within our limits. a. Mouth horizontal or moderately oblique, the lips not fringed; eyes lateral; ventral rays I, 5, their insertion more or less before the pectorals; suborbitals moderate; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth. b. Snout subconic, not prolonged and spatulate; ventrals not widely separated. ¢. Body covered with scales; dorsal spines flexible. d. Lateral line complete; caudal fin forked; vertebrz 24 to 27. MALACANTHID, CXO. 2274 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. dd. Lateral line incomplete, running close to the back; caudal rounded or lanceolate; dorsal fin continuous. e. Vertebree about 27; scales cycloid; maxillary more or less dilated behind, with a supplemental bone; middle rays of ventrals longest. OP ISTHOGNATHID, CXCI. ee. Vertebree about 50; scales ctenoid; maxillary not dilated, with- out supplement bone; inner rays of vertrals longest. 7 BATHYMASTERID&, CXCII. cc. Body naked; snout short; mouth very large, the maxillary much produced behind; jaws with sharp canines; lateral line well developed; dorsals 2; caudal forked. CHIASMODONTID&®, CXCIII. bb. Snout much prolonged and spatulate; ventrals widely separated; body scaly or naked; lateral line near the back; dorsal usually divided. CHAENICHTHYID®, CXCIV. aa. Mouth vertical, the lips fringed. f. Eyes lateral; gills 4, a slit behind the last; preopercle armed; body naked, compressed; caudal lunate, on a slender peduncle; vertebrie about 48. TRICHODONTID, CXCV. Sf. Eyes superior; gills more or less reduced, usually 34, the last slit small or wanting; suborbitals more or less dilated; body scaly or naked. g. Lateral line well developed, concurrent with the back anteriorly; dorsal spines slender, not pungent; vertebre about 25 to 30. h. Ventral rays I, 3. DACTYLOSCOPID®, CXCVI. gg. Lateral line obscure; dorsal spines few, more or less pungent, some. times obsolete. URANOSCOPID, CXCVII- Family CXC. MALACANTHIDZ. (THE BLANQUILLOS.) Body more or less elongate, fusiform or compressed. Head subconical, the anterior profile usually convex; suborbital without bony stay; the bones not greatly developed; cranial bones not cavernous; opercular bones mostly unarmed. Mouth rather terminal, little oblique; teeth rather strong; no teeth on vomer or palatines; the premaxillary usually with a blunt posterior canine, somewhat as in the Labridw; premaxillaries pro- tractile; maxillary without supplemental bone, not slipping under the edge of the preorbital. Gills 4, a long slit behind the fourth; pseudo- branchiz well developed; gill membranes separate, or more or less united, often adherent to the isthmus; lower pharyngeals separate. Scales small, ctenoid; lateral line present, complete, more or less concurrent with the back; dorsal fin long and low, usually continuous, the spinous portion always much less developed than the soft portion, but never obsolete; anal fin very long, its spines feeble and few; caudal fin forked; tail diphy- cercal; ventrals thoracic or subjugular, I,5, close together; pectoral fins not very broad, the rays all branched; vertebra in normal or slightly increased number (24 to 30). Pyloric ceeca few or none. Fishes of the temperate and tropical seas, some of them reaching a large size. Genera about6; species about 8 to 10, mostly American. The relationships of the family are obscure, and it may be that the genera here associated are not really closely allied. (Malacanthide, Giinther, Cat., 111, 359, 1861; Tra- chinide, part, Giinther, Cat., 11, 225-264, 1860.) Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2275 MALACANTHIN2:: a. Vertebree 24; preopercle entire. b. Soft dorsal and anal extremely long, each with more than 40 rays; preopercle entire; form slender; scales very small. MALACANTHUS, 838. aa. Vertebre more than 24; preopercle more or less serrate. CAULOLATILIN2 : c. Soft dorsal and anal moderate, each with 22 to 27 soft rays; preopercle serrate; scales rather small; form robust. d, Upper jaw with posterior canines; dorsal spines graduated. CAULOLATILUS, 839. LATILINE: ec. Soft dorsal and anal short, each of 13 to 15 soft rays; preopercle denticulate; scales small; form robust. e. Nape with a large adipose appendage; a fleshy prolongation on each side of the labial fold, extending forward behind angle of mouth. LOPHOLATILUS, 840. 838. MALACANTHUS, Cuvier. (MATAJUELO BLANCO.) Malacanthus, Cuvier, Régne Animal, Ed. 2, vol. 11, 205, 1829 (plumieri). Body elongate, slightly compressed; cleft of mouth horizontal, with the jaws equal; eyes lateral; scales very small, minutely ciliated; one continuous dorsal, with the first 4 to 6 rays not articulated; dorsal and anal very long; pectoral rays all branched; jaws with villiform teeth; an outer series of stronger teeth, some of them canine-like, and with a canine at the posterior extremity of the intermaxillary; no teeth on the palate; preopercle entire; opercle with a spine; gill rakers little developed; ver- tebr in small number, 10+ 14—24. One species, a shore fish of tropical America. (uadaxds, soft; exavGa, spine.) 2610. MALACANTHUS PLUMIERI (Bloch). (MATAJUELO BLANCO.) Head 33; depth 64. D. VI, 49; A. 48; scales 14-130-30; eye 54 in head ; max- illary 24; snout24; P.2; longest dorsal rays 3, equal to anal ray; upper caudal lobe 12. Body elongate, little compressed. Head moderately long and pointed; eye placed high; interorbital flat, as wide as eye; pro- file of head obliquely straight from tip of snout to above nostril, where there is a slight angle formed, thence nearly horizontally straight to dorsal. Mouth large, maxillary reaching slightly past the vertical from posterior nostril; jaws equal; a band of villiform teeth in upper jaw growing broader anteriorly, and another row of small, even, conical teeth at the sides, and 6 well-developed canines in front, the 2 outer ones the largest; a canine on premaxillary at angle of mouth; villiform teeth in lower jaw not extending very far back; large recurved canines on side of jaw anteriorly, small conical teeth in front and on sides posteriorly, with a single large canine at angle of mouth; gill rakers rudimentary, about 5+7. Top of head forward from above middle of eye, preorbital, and lower jaw, naked; fins withou scales. Dorsal and anal similar, long and low, continuous; pectoral reaching past tips of ventrals to front of 2276 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, anal; ventrals not reaching to vent, origin of ventral spine slightly behind base of pectoral; caudal forked, the lobes elongate, sometimes produced into a filament. Color in spirits, uniform, pale olive brown above, white below; fins light brownish; no distinct markings. Length 15 inches. West Indies, rather common; used as food. Here described from specimens from Havana. (Named for Pére Plumier, of Martinique. ) Matejuelo blanco, Parra, Dif. Piezas Hist. Nat. Cuba, 22, tab. 13, f. r. 1787, Cuba. Coryphena plumieri, BLocu, Ichthyol., v, 119, pl. 175, 1787, Martinique; from a drawing by PLUMIER. Malacanthus trachinus, VALENCIENNES, in CUVIER, Régne Animal, pl. 90, fig. 3. Sparus oblongus, BLOcH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 283, 1801; after PARRA. Malacanthus plumieri, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 319, 380, 1839, specimens from San Domingo; GUNTHER, Cat., II, 359, 1861. 839. CAULOLATILUS, Gill. (BLANQUILLOS. ) Caulotatilus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 240 (no diagnosis), and GILL, Proc. Ac Nat. Sci. Phila. 1865, 66 (chrysops). Dekaya, COOPER, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1864, 70 (princeps), not Dekayia, MILNE-EDWARDS & HAIMe, 1851, a genus of corals. Body elongate, subfusiform, not strongly compressed, heavy forward, tapering to a rather slender caudal peduncle; profile of head strongly arched; mouth moderate, little oblique, the jaws nearly equal; lips thick; maxillary narrow, not slipping under the preorbital; teeth in villiform bands, preceded by a row of stronger acute teeth; posterior teeth in each jaw canine-like, directed forward; posterior canines of upper jaw largest; no teeth on vomer or palatines; preopercle pectinate, the teeth nearly even; opercle with a blunt, flat spine; eyes large, lateral; gill membranes slightly connected, forming a fold across the isthmus, with which they are narrowly joined; branchiostegals 6; gill rakers short and stout; nos- trils double, round, close together; scales small, firm, ctenoid; lateral line continuous, concurrent with the back; dorsal with 7 to 9 slender, pointed, graduated spines and 22 to 27 soft rays; anal similar to soft dorsal, with 1 or 2 small spines and more than 20 soft rays; caudal fin forked; ventral fins thoracic; no adipose appendage at the nape; vertebre 12+-15—27. Large fishes of the warm seas of America; valued as food. (xavdds, stem; Latilus; being distinguished from Latilus by the many rays.) a. Scales small, about 125 in the lateral line, about 50 in a transverse series. b. Eye large, 44 in the head; depth 4 in length; scales 16-125-40. PRINCEPS, 2611. bb. Eye small, 6 in head; depth 34 in body; scales 13-120-35. MICROPS, 2612. aa. Scales larger, about 108 in the lateral line, about 25 in a transverse series; scales 12—108—25. CYANOPS, 2613. 2611. CAULOLATILUS PRINCEPS (Jenyns). (BLANQUILLO; WHITE-FISH.) Head 3%; depth 4. D.IX, 24; A.II, 23; scales 16-125-40. Flesh of the occiput becoming thick with age, as in Harpe. Eye large, about 4 the convex interorbiial space, 44 in head; maxillaries reaching front of eye; Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2277 teeth rather strong; preopercle finely, evenly, and acutely serrate behind, nearly entire below; preopercle, interopercle, and preorbital naked; cheeks and opercles scaly; top of head scaled on the median line to be- tween the eyes; dorsal spines flexible; ventrals slightly behind the pec- torals, the outer rays longest; caudal moderately forked, the upper lobe the longer; caudal peduncle short and slender, abruptly contracted; pec- torals faleate, longer than caudal, * length of the head. Olivaceous, with bluish reflections; brownish above, greenish below; fins light greenish olive, tinged with bluish and orange, the colors always pale; dorsal and anal greenish, with a bluish band near the tip; axildusky. Rocky islands of the Pacific coast from Monterey southward to the Galapagos; abun- dant about the Santa Barbara Islands; a food fish of considerable impor- tanee. Length 40 inches. We are unable to detect any differences by which the Californian form, Caulolatilus anomalus, can be separated from Caulolatilus princeps. (princeps, a leader.) Latilus princeps, JENYNS, Zool. Beagle, Fishes, 52, pl. 11, 1840, Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago (Coll. Charles Darwin); GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 253, 1860. Dekaya anomala, CooPER, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1864, 70, coast of Southern California. Caulolatilus afinis, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1865, 68, Cape St. Lucas. (Coll. John Xantus.) Caulolatilus princeps, GILL, 1. c. 68. Caulolatilus anomalus, GILL, l. c. 68; STREETS, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., vil, 48,1877; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 625, 1883. 2612. CAULOLATILUS MICROPS, Goode & Bean. Head 34; depth 3}. D. VII, 25; A. I, 23; scales 105 counting the oblique series, 120 counting the row above lateral line; transverse rows 12 + 30; eye 53 in head; snout 2; maxillary 24; pectoral 14; ventral 2;;; highest dorsal spine 34; highest anal rays 3}; upper caudal lobe 13. Body rather robust; upper profile of head rather steep, evenly rounded from tip of snout to dorsal; nostrils small, midway between eye and tip of snout, separated by a distance equal to + diameter of pupil; mouth large, maxil- lary scarcely reaching to anterior margin of eye; lips thick; lower jaw included; jaws with small conical teeth, the outer row enlarged, canine- like, a large tooth on posterior end of maxillary at angle of mouth; pre- opercle finely and evenly serrate on its vertical limb; a broad flat spine on opercle; snout, preorbital and lower jaw naked; fins scaleless; dorsal and anal similar, long and low; pectorals reaching far past tips of ventrals to vent; origin of ventral spine about the length of 2 scales behind the ver- tical from pectoral base; caudal fin lunate when spread, its upper lobe slightly the longer. Color reddish, marked with yellow; a yellow band below the eye; a dark blotch in and above axil of pectoral; dorsal light at base, darker above, with many indistinct brownish spots. Gulf of Mexico, in rather deep water; not rare. Here described from a specimen from the Pensacola Snapper Banks, 26 inches in length. A rather doubt- ful species, perhaps not distinct from C. cyanops or C. chrysops. (ju1xpds, small; ww, eye.) Caulolatilus microps, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 43, off Pensacola, Florida. (Coll. Silas Stearns.) Caulolatilus chrysops, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 626, 1883; not Latilus chrysops, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES. 2278 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2613. CAULOLATILUS CYANOPS,* Poey. (BLANQUILLO.) Head 4 in totallength. D. VII, 24; A. I, 22 (scales 10-108-25. Bean). Profile convex before the eye, not ascending to the nape; no scales on the fins; soft rays little divided; caudal slightly lunate; first caudal vertebra spoon-like, its cavity receiving the air bladder; vertebrae 12+ 15; no pyloric ceca, stomach short, air bladder large. Color greenish above, a faint, broad, interrupted brown band above the lateral line; some small brown spots above and below it; region below the eye clear blue, not very different from the color of the belly; soft dorsal brown, paler at its base, edged with orange; spinous dorsal orange. (Poey.) Coast of Cuba; not seen by us. Both this and the preceding species may be identical with Caulolatilus chrysops, a species described from the coast of Brazil. (uvaveos, blue; wy, eye.) ? Latilus chrysops, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1x, 496, 1833, Brazil (Coll. M. Gay); GinrHeR, Cat., I, 253, 1860. Caulolatilus cyanops, PoEY, Repertorio, 1,312, 1867, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) 840. LOPHOLATILUS, Goode & Bean. (TILE-FISHES. ) Lopholatilus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 205 (chameceleonticeps). Body stout, somewhat compressed; mouth moderate, maxillary reaching anterior margin of the orbit; opercle and preopercle scaly, the latter finely denticulate; upper jaw with outer series of stronger teeth, behind which is a band of villiform teeth; lower jaw with a few large canines, and an inner series of small conical teeth; vomer and palatines toothless; nape with a large adipose appendage; a fleshy prolongation upon each side of the labial fold, extending backward beyond the angle of the mouth; stomach small, siphonal, barely more than a loop in the very large intes- tine; alimentary canal] short, less than total length of the body; air bladder simple, with thick muscular walls, strongly attached to the roof of the abdominal cavity by numerous root-like appendages, resembling somewhat that of Pogonias. Deep-sea fishes. (A005, crest; Latilus.) 2614. LOPHOLATILUS CHAMELEONTICEPS, Goode & Bean. (TILE-FIsd.) Head 3; depth 34. D. VII, 15; A. II, 13; scales 8-93-30. Body stout, somewhat compressed, its greatest width equaling length of caudal pedun- cle; intermaxillaries supplied with a series of from 19 to 23 canine teeth, behind which is a band of villiform teeth, widest at the symphysis; man- dible with about 12 large canines; eye rather small, its diameter 64 in * The characters distinguishing Caulolatilus chrysops are thus given by Poey: Head 44 in total length. D. VIII, 24; A.1I1,22. Profile most gibbous behind the eye; avery bright gilded band below the eye, broader anteriorly ; dorsal fin brown with irregular blue spots; axillary spot green. Coast of Brazil. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2279 head, and about twice length of labial appendages; distance between posterior nostril and eye equal first anal spine, and 4 distance from tip of snout to anterior nostril. Caudal fin emarginate, middle rays 14 in outer rays; vent under interval between fourth and fifth dorsal rays. Back bluish, with a green tinge, iridescent, changing through purplish blue and bluish gray to rosy white below, and milky white toward median line of belly; head rosy, iridescent, with red tints most abundant on fore- head, blue under the eyes, cheeks fawn-colored; throat and under side of head pearly white, with an occasional tint of lemon yellow, most pro- nounced in front of ventrals and on anterior portion of ventral fins; back with numerous maculations of bright yellow or golden; anal purplish, with blue and rose tints, iridescent; margin of anal rich purplish blue, iridescent, like the most beautiful mother-of-pearl, this color pervading more or less the whole fin, which has large yellow maculations, the lower border rose-colored, like the belly, base of the fin also partaking of this general hue; dashes of milk white on base of anal between the rays; dorsal gray; in front of the seventh dorsal the upper third posterior to the upper two-thirds dark brown; spots of yellow, large, elongate, on or near the rays; adipose fin whitish brown or yellow, a large group of bright yellow confluent spots at the base; pectorals sepia-colored, with rosy and purplish iridescence. (Goode & Bean.) Deep waters of the western Atlantic, at times very abundant; now rare or almost extinct. “The tilefish was first observed in 1879 by fishermen fishing for cod on Nantucket Shoals. From its abundance it was thought to become of some economic importance. In March and April, 1882, vessels arriving at New York, Philadelphia, and Boston reported having passed large num- bers of dead and dying fish, the majority of which were tilefish. Captain Collins estimated the area covered by dead and dying fish to be from 5,000 to 7,500 square statute miles, the number of fish to be 1,000,000,000. Several visits were made by the Fish Commission vessels to the grounds where these fishes were formerly abundant, but no specimen was obtained, and it was thought to have become extinct. In 1892 several specimens were taken by the Grampus in latitude 38° to 40° N., and longitude 71° to 73° W. The wholesale destruction of the tilefish in 1882 is thought by Colonel McDonald to be due to climatic causes.” (Goode & Bean.) (chameleon, yauatléwy ; - ceps, head.) Lopholatilus chameeleonticeps, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1879, 205, Nan- tucket Shoals; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 624, 1883; COLLINs, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. (1882) 1884, 237; Lucas, Rept. U. S. Nat. Mus. (Smithsonian Report) 1889, 647, with plate; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 284, 1896. Family CXCI. OPISTHOGNATHID. (THE JAW-FISHES. ) Body oblong or elongate, low, moderately compressed, covered with small cycloid scales; lateral line present, straight, running close to the dorsal fin, not extending much behind middle of body. Head large, naked, the anterior profile decurved, no ridges, spines, or crests above. Mouth 2280 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. terminal, horizontal, its cleft usually very wide, the maxillary sometimes greatly dilated; supplemental maxillary present; premaxillaries pro- tractile; jaws subequal, with conical or cardiform teeth; vomer usually. with a few teeth; palatines toothless; opercles unarmed; no suborbital stay. Pseudobranchie present. Gill rakers rather long; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; gill membranes somewhat united, free from the isth- mus. Branchiostegals 6. Air bladder present. No pyloric cxea. Ver- tebre large, about 27 in number. Dorsal fin long, continuous, its anterior half composed of slender, flexible spines, which pass gradually into soft rays; caudal distinct, rounded or lanceolate; tail not isocereal, the last vertebra expanded (27 to 34); anal long and low, without distinct spines; ventrals separate, jugular, I, 5, the middle rays longest; pectorals fan- shaped. Three genera, of about 15 species; small fishes inhabiting rocky bottoms in tropical seas, many of them with bright markings. The American species are all rarities, living about rocks in deep or shallow water; nowhere abundant and none of the species well represented in col- lections. (Trachinide, genus Opisthognathus, Giinther, Cat., 11, 254-256.) a. Maxillary of great length, nearly as long as head, produced behind in a flexible lamina. OPISTHOGNATHUS, 841. aa. Maxillary normal, truncate behind, much shorter than head. b. Caudal moderate, rounded behind; body oblong, moderately compressed. GNATHYPoOpPS, 842: bb. Caudal lanceolate, long and pointed; body elongate. LONCHOPISTHUS, 843. 841. OPISTHOGNATHUS, Cuvier. Opisthognathus, CUviER, Régne Anim., Ed. 2, vol. 11, 240, 1829 (sonneratt). Mavyillary prolonged backward in a long flexible lamina, which reaches about to base of pectoral. Characters of the genus otherwise included above. It has been suggested that the species of Gnathypops are females of analogous species of Opisthognathus, the long maxillary being a charac- ter of the male. This seems impossible, but deserves an investigation. The fact that Gnathypops maxillosa has but 27 vertebrie, while its long- jawed cognate, Opisthognathus macrognathum, is said by Poey to have 34 vertebrae, is opposed to this view, as is also the fact that the analogous species do not in other respects exactly correspond, as in Gnathypops mys- tacina, the scales are smaller than in Opisthognathus lonchurum; Gnathypops rhomalea has fewer fin rays than Opisthognathus punctatum, ete. But the parallelism of species in the two genera living in the same waters is remarkable. (0 7160e, behind; yva@os, jaw.) a. Scales moderate, about 67; D. X, 15; A. II, 13; body nearly plain olivaceous, the maxillary not distinctly striped within. LONCHURUM, 2615. aa. Seales very small, 100 to 150 in longitudinal series; dorsal rays about XI, 17; A. II, 16; body and fins much variegated, the maxillary within with 2 ink-black stripes on a milk-white ground. b. Dorsal without large black spot in front; scales 120. PUNCTATUM, 2616. bb. Dorsal with a large black spot more or less ocellated. c. Seales about 100. MACROGNATHUOUM, 2617. ec. Scales about 140. OMMATUM, 2618. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2281 2615. OPISTHOGNATHUS LONCHURUM, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 34; depth 42. D. 25; A. 15; scales 67. Head moderate; snout very short, shorter than pupil; eye 34 in head; maxillary 1} in head, rather narrow; lower jaw included; vomer with 5 rather large teeth. Longest dorsal spine about as long as head, slightly higher than soft rays; caudal long, the middle rays scarcely shorter than head; longest anal rays 14 in head; pectoral little more than 4 head. Scales moderate. Oliva- ceous; margin of upper lip with a narrow black stripe; caudal with 3 dusky bars; color of rest of body uniform. Gulf of Mexico, in deep water. Two specimens known, taken from the stomach of a Red Snapper at Pensacola, Florida. The species resembles Gnathypops mystacinus, found in the same waters, but the latter species has smaller scales. (Ady xn, lance; ovpa., tail.) Opisthognathus lonchurus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 290, Snapper Banks, off Pensacola, Florida (Type, No. 29671. Coll. Jordan & Stearns); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 943, 1883. 2616. OPISTHOGNATHUS PUNCTATUM, Peters. D. 28; A. 18. Body moderately elongate; scales very small, about 125 in lateral line. Dorsal spines continuous with the soft rays. No vomerine teeth. Maxillary very long, extending slightly beyond head. Head everywhere finely speckled with black, the body more coarsely and irregularly spotted; pectoral finely and closely speckled, its edge plain; ventral fin dusky, similarly marked; dorsal without large black blotch, finely spotted, the spots behind gradually forming the boundaries of white ocelli, the base of the fins having rings of white around black spots, the upper part with dark rings around pale spots; caudal with pale spots, its edge, like that of the dorsal, somewhat dusky, not black; anal with a broad, blackish edge, and with dark spots, those near the base of the fin largest; lining membrane of maxillary with the usual bands of white and inky black. Mazatlan. Only the type of this species is yet known, this description having been taken by us from the original specimen. It bears considerable resemblance to Gnathypops rhomalea, which is found in the same waters, differing in the generic character of the dilated maxillary. (punctatus, spotted.) Opisthognathus punctatus, PETERS, Berliner Monatsberichte 1869, 708, Mazatlan; Jor- DAN, Proc. Ac. Nat, Sci. Phila. 1883, 290; JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 118, 1885. 2617. OPISTHOGNATHUS MACROGNATHUM, Poey. Head 33; depth 5. D. XI, 16; A. II, 16 or 17; P. 17; scales 100. Body moderately elongate, somewhat compressed. Head blunt anteriorly; snout very short, about as long as pupil; eye large, 4 in head; maxillary reaching slightly past edge of preopercle, but not to end of head, its length contained 3} times in length of body. Teeth rather strong, wide set, forming 2 distinct series, directed backward, especially in the upper jaw; lateral teeth of lower jaw largest; a single vomerine tooth, Gill rakers long and slender, nearly 20 below angle. Scales very small. 3030-——66 2282 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Dorsal fin low, continuous, the soft rays but little higher than the spines, which are slender and flexible, the longest 34 in head; caudal short, rounded, its length 5? in body; anal similar to soft dorsal; pectoral } as long as head. Grayish olive, much variegated with yellowish and dark olive; about 6 irregular dusky bands on the body, which extend on the dorsal fin; whitish markings on body forming roundish spots, surrounded by reticulations of grayish olive; head marbled, its posterior part, as well “ as the sides of the back and pectoral base, with small blackish dots; mem- ‘brane lining inside of maxillary with 2 curved inky-black bands on a white ground; angle of mouth with a black spot; lining of opercle black; fins all variegated like the body. Florida Keys toCuba. Here described from the type of O. scaphiurum, from Garden Key, but O. macrognathum seems to be the same. (uaxpos, long; yva Gos, jaw.) Opisthognathus macrognathus,* POEY, Memorias, U, 284, July, 1860,Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) Opisthognathus megastoma, GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 255, September, 1860, Gulf of Mexico. (Haslar Collection.) Opisthognathus scaphiurus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 417, Garden Key, Florida (Type, No. 5936, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Dr. Whitehurst); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 943, 1883. 2618. OPISTHOGNATHUS OMMATUM, Jenkins & Evermann. Head 3; width of head 5; depth 5; eye3 in head. D.28; A. 18; scales about 140. Body moderate, compressed, depth 4+; width behind the head 8,3; in length of body. Head large, its breadth equaling its depth, being 5 in length of body. Scales small, embedded; head naked, lateral line extending past middle of dorsal fin. Mouth large. Maxillary long, 1} in head; postorbital portion 2,4; in head, not extending beyond head; snout short, its length less than + diameter of eye; distance from tip of snout to end of maxillary 3,3; in length of body and 1} in head. Teeth in front part of each jaw in several series, on sides of jaws reduced to a single series, the outer series strong; a tooth on the vomer; gill membranes connected; the interorbital space very narrow, 11? in head. Distance from snout to origin of dorsal but little greater than length of head; space between dorsal and caudal fins } greater than length of snout; no depression between spinous and soft rays of dorsal fin, the dorsal equal- ing the anal in height, its longest ray 15 times the eye; pectorals slightly longer than ventrals, being 2 in head; breadth of pectorals 3 in head; ventrals inserted slightly in front of pectorals; caudal rounded and nar- row. Coloration: Body irregularly mottled with dark, head evenly black- ish; dorsal fin blackish on the posterior portion, with 2 rows of 4 or 5 pale spots well separated; a large ocellated spot from the third to the sixth spines, including them, greater than diameter of eye; anal fin black, with a series of pale spots on the rays, the base pale; caudal black, with 2 pale *Poey thus describes his specimens of Opisthognathus macrognathum: ‘‘Head 3} in total; depth 54; eye nearly 4, twice length of snout, 3 times interorbital width. D. XI, 16; A. 11,16. Vomer with 2 teeth; spines not pungent. Body covered with large yellowish points on a brown ground; 7 broad brown bands on sides, not reaching belly, but extend- ing to middle of dorsal, which, like the anal, has yellow points; a large black ocellus between sixth and ninth spines of dorsal; maxillary with 2 ink-black bands on a milk- white ground; pectorals, ventrals, and caudal yellowish with black points. No pyloric ceca; vertebra 10 + 24=— 34, the first 5 strong.” (Poey.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2283 spots at the base and a row of spots across the middle; lining of maxillary with bands of black and white. Bay of Guaymas; 3 specimens known. (dupatos, eyed, from its ocellate dorsal.) Opisthognathus ommata, JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 153, Guaymas, (Type, No. 39640. Coll. Jenkins & Evermann.) 842. GNATHYPOPS, Gill. Gnathypops, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 241 (mazillosus). This genus differs from Opisthognathus in having the maxillary of medium length and truncate behind, not extending to edge of opercle; caudal mod- erate, rounded behind. Species in form and habit agreeing closely with those of Opisthognathus. (yvvad6os, jaw; Uzo, below; «1, eye.) a. Body and fins spotted with black and often with pale. b. Dorsal fin with a conspicuous dusky blotch in front. c. Scales very small, about 120; dorsal rays 26. scops, 2619. cc. Scales moderate, about 65; dorsal rays 15. MAXILLOSA, 2620. bb. Dorsal tin without distinct blotch in front; scales small, about 100. d. Dorsal rays about XI, 16; dark spots on head and body few. MACROPS, 2621. dd. Dorsal rays about XI, 13; dark spots on head and body numerous. e. Dorsal fin distinctly notched; lateral line not reaching middle of dorsal. RHOMALEA, 2622. ee. Dorsal fin not notched; lateral line reaching middle of dorsal. SNYDERI, 2623. aa. Body and fins nearly uniform olive; the spots few and spare; dorsal rays 24; scales 100; no black on membrane of maxillary. MYSTACINA, 2624, 2619. GNATHYPOPS SCOPS, Jenkins & Evermann. Head 33; width of head 53, its depth 44. D. 26 (X, 16); A. 19 (II, 17); scales 3-122-40. Scales small, none on head; lateral line extending to about middle of dorsal fin; mouth large; maxillary extending beyond eye a distance 4,5 in head; snout 6} in head; teeth in bands, outer series on upper jaw rather strong; a single tooth on vomer; gill membranes con- nected. Opercle ending in along flap, which extends upward and back- ward, nearly meeting over the back in front of the dorsal fin. Eye large, 21 in head; interorbital space narrow, 1lin head. No depression between the dorsal spines and the soft rays, which are scarcely distinguishable; height of dorsal equal to that of anal; ventrals inserted in front of pec- torals; pectorals equal to ventrals in length, 7 in body; caudal rounded. Coloration, in alcohol: Body pale, covered with many dark spots about the size of 3 to 6 scales; top of head with smaller dark spots; sides of head with whitish spots; dorsal fin with a black ocellated spot equal to eye on the space between second and fifth spines; remainder of fin dark, with many white spots running into each other on some portions, so as to form irregular lines; base of anal pale, the outer edge black; caudal dark with 2 whitish spots at the base, and a row of 6 white spots across the middle on alternate rays; pectorals lighter, with small whitish specks; ventrals dusky; belly pale. Guaymas; 3 specimens known, respectively 115 em., 10 cm., and 7 cm. in length to base of caudal. This species is the 2284 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, analogue of Opisthognathus ommatum, also from Guaymas. (scops, the screech owl; 6xey, from 6xoré@, to look, in allusion to the large eyes. ) Gnathypops scops, JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 152,Guaymas. (Type, No. 39641, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Jenkins & Evermann.) 2620. GNATHYPOPS MAXILLOSA (Poey). Head 32; depth 44. D. VIII, 17; A. II, 13; scales 65. Body moder- ately compressed; head not very large; maxillary truncate behind, extending behind eye for a distance for about $ diameter of eye, its length 13 in head; eye 33 in head. Teeth conical, curved, well separated, mostly in a single series; no teeth on vomer. Fins moderate; dorsal continuous, its spines slender; caudal short, its length } head. Color grayish olive, with 7 irregular A-shaped bars of darker, everywhere much marbled and variegated; fins all similarly marked, the ventrals dusky, the dorsal with a dusky blotch in front. Cuba, north to Florida, from which local- ity the specimen here described was taken. Evidently very close to the Brazilian species G. cuvieri, the eye perhaps smaller. According to Poey, Gnathypops maxillosa has the eye 4 in head; D. VIII, 18; A. II, 15; 2 teeth on vomer; spinous dorsal lower than soft dorsal; body covered with large yellow spots on a ground color of clear brown; 6 brown cross bands reaching middle of dorsal, which is variegated with yellow and reddish, as is the anal; maxillary yellowish on its posterior border, the middle blackish; other spots on the jaws; ventrals, pectoral, and caudal yellowish, the ventrals finely spotted with brown, the caudal with 5 brown bands; base of pectorals with dark spots. Vertebrz 10+ 17 = 27. (mazillosus, pertaining to the jaw. ) Opisthognathus maxillosus, POEY, Memorias, II, 286, 1860, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) Gnathypops maxillosus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 241; Porky, Synopsis, 400; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 942, 1883. 2621. GNATHYPOPS MACROPS (Poey). Head 34 in total (with caudal?); depth about 44. D. XI, 16; A. II, 15 or 16; scales 100. Eye 34 in head; maxillary extending beyond eye } of a diameter, 54 in head; vomer with 6 conical teeth. Color (faded in the type) reddish olive, with round, yellowish spots and vestiges of vertical bands; dorsal and anal plain, pectorals with brown bands; jaws not spotted with brown and white. Coast of Cuba (Poey); known from 1 specimen 132 mm. long; not seen by us. According to Poey, it may not be distinct from G. mawxillosa, which in turn may possibly be the female of Opisthognathus macrognathum. This species may also be identical with the Brazilian species Gnathypops cuvicri,* but the latter has a dorsal ocel- lus and apparently larger scales. (jaxpds, large; wy, eye.) Opisthognathus macrops, POEY, Memorias, 11, 287,1860, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) * Gnathypops cuviert (Valenciennes). Head 3}; depth 44; eye 34 in head. D. X, 18; A. II, 16; seales 70. Maxillary reaching beyond the vertical from posterior margin of orbit, 14 in head; eye 34 in head, dorsal fin not notched. Olivaceous; a large dark-blue ovate ocellate spot between the fourth and eighth dorsal spines; dorsal and anal mottled, the edge dusky posteriorly; caudal with 3 dark-bluish bands. Bahia (Valenciennes). (Named for Georges Dagobert Cuvier.) Opisthognathus cuvieri, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X1,504, 1836, Bahia (Coll, Blanchet) ; GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 256, 1860. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2285 2622. GNATHYPOPS RHOMALEA (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 27; depth 4. D. XI, 13; A. II, 13; scales 103 (pores fewer). Body rather robust, compressed; head very large, ovoid, thicker and deeper than body, with swollen cheeks, the occipital region high, the snout somewhat truncate, the intermediate profile forming a nearly even curve; greatest depth of head equal to its thickness and } its length. Eye not very large, 6 in head, longer than snout, about equal to the width of the flattish interorbital space. Mouth large, the maxillary extending well beyond the eye, but not to the margin of the preopercle nor to the mandibulary joint, its posterior margin truncate; supplemental bone small, but distinct; length of maxillary from end of snout 1? in head. Teeth moderate, in both jaws, in broad bands which become narrow on the sides; outer series of teeth somewhat enlarged, especially in upper jaw; 1 rather small, blunt tooth on middle of vomer. Gill mem- branes scarcely connected; gill rakers long and slender, about ? diameter of eye, 9+ 19; pseudobranchiz situated in a cavity above the gill arches. Head naked; scales on body small, smooth, somewhat embedded; breast naked; lateral line ceasing opposite anterior third of second dorsal; 103 scales in a longitudinal series from head to caudal. Dorsal fin high; a rather deep notch separating the spines from the soft rays; the longest spines 3 in length of head, more than 4 longer than the last spine, and scarcely lower than the soft rays. Insertion of dorsal opposite tip of the bony opercle, the opercular flap extending to opposite the third spine, last rays of dorsal and anal reaching past the base of caudal rays; caudal fin rounded, about $ length of head; anal higher than soft dorsal, its long- est rays 24 in head; ventrals large, close together, inserted in front of pectoral, 14 in head; pectorals short and broad, 14 in head. Color in spirits, olivaceous, slightly brownish above, scarcely paler below, every- where more or less tinged and mottled with greenish; head everywhere thickly and closely covered with small rounded dark-brown spots, largest above and on cheeks, where they are about as large as pin heads; smaller on lips and opercles, most thickly set on the anterior part of the head; eye thickly spotted; spots similar to those on the head extending along upper part of back, forming a vague band, which grows narrower backward and disappears opposite front of second dorsal; front side of pectoral and first 3 or 4 dorsal spines with dark spots; dorsal dusky olive, with darker clouds, and with some dark spots, especially on the spinous part; caudal and anal plain dusky or faintly marbled with paler; ventrals blackish, greenish at base; pectorals dusky green. Gulf of California, in shallow water; 1 specimen known, the type (above described) 16 inches long. This is perhaps the largest species of the genus. (ouadéos, robust.) Opisthognathus rhomaleus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 276, Santa Maria Cove, Lower California. (Type, No. 29382. Coll. Lieut. Henry L. Nichols.) 2623. GNATHYPOPS SNYDERI, Jordan & Evermann, new species. Head 3!; depth 44. D. X,14; A. II, 13; scales 93; 60 pores; 3 or 4 teeth on vomer; lateral line very distinct, extending to fourteenth ray of dor- sal; no notch separating the dorsals, the spines and soft rays not sepa- 2286 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. rable, the last spine not much shorter than the longest, which is 24 head; longest anal ray 2, pectoral 23. Vertebre 10+17—27. Body olivaceous, with 5 broad faint dusky cross shades; head with many round black spots of varying sizes, some as large as pin heads, the largest below and between eyes, covering both jaws and the membrane of the maxillary, few on cheeks, most numerous on forehead; similar spots extending along side of back to end of lateral line; dorsal dusky, with 6 round dusky blotches at its base, corresponding to the dark shades on bedy; caudal, anal, and pectorals plain dusky olive; ventrals blackish. Gulf of California; known from 1 specimen collected by Dr. Gilbert in San Luis Gonzales Bay. The species is close to G. rhomalea, but has a different dorsal fin and lateral line. Type, No. 2014 L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus., about 8 inches long. (Named for John O. Snyder, curator of fishes in Leland Stanford Junior University. ) 2624. GNATHYPOPS MYSTACINA, Jordan. Head 3,4 in length (32 to tip of caudal); depth 4! (52). D. 23 or 24 (X, 14); A. II, 11; lateral line with about 54 tubes; 100 scales between gill opening and caudal. Head rather elongate, very blunt in profile; snout very short, not longer than pupil; eye large, about 34 in length; maxillary 13 in length of head, 5 in length to base of caudal, 64 in total length to tip of caudal; end of maxillary abruptly truncate, not ending in a flexible lamina, the supplemental bone well developed; lower jaw slightly included. Teeth in each jaw in a narrow band, the outer slen- der, enlarged; vomer with about 4 slender teeth; palatines toothless. Gill rakers long and slender. Gill membranes nearly separate, free from the isthmus. Scales very small; lateral line extending to below anterior part of soft dorsal, its length 3 that of head. Dorsal spines not distin- guishable from the soft rays, the rays apparently fewer than usual, none of them very high, the last ray 2} in head; caudal short, apparently trun- cate, 1} in head; anal rather low; pectorals 2 in head; ventrals 13. Color nearly plain olive green, without bands or spots on body or fins; vertical fins tipped with blackish; maxillary with a faint median blackish stripe; pectoral with 2 dusky cross shades; no black or white on lining mem- brane of jaws. Length 34 inches. Deep waters of Gulf of Mexico; the few specimens known from the stomachs of Red Snappers (Neomenis aya) from the Pensacola Snapper Banks. It resembles Opisthognathus lonchu- rum, but the seales are smaller. (“v6éra@é, mustache, from the maxillary stripe). : Gnathypops mystacinus, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 37, Snapper Banks off Pensa- cola. (Coll. Jordan & Stearns. Type, 34976, U.S. Nat. Mus.) 843. LONCHOPISTHUS, Gill. Lonchopisthus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 241 (micrognathus). This genus differs from Gnathypops in the slender, compressed body, the still smaller maxillary and the lanceolate caudal fin, The single spe- cies is very rare. (Adyyyn, lance; d67216%e, behind, from the form of the caudal.) x Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2287 2625. LONCHOPISTHUS MIGROGNATHUS (Poey). Head 5 in total; depth 6. D. X, 17; A. II,-16; scales 80; eye 3 in head. Body elongate, compressed, snout short; maxillary reaching 4 an eye’s diameter behind the eye; no,teeth on vomer; no second row of teeth in jaws; no scales on head except on cheek; lateral line almost touching profile of back. Caudal long and pointed as in Gobius oceanicus. Dark brown, paler below; 20 narrow vertical whitish bands from back to belly, the first 2 on cheek, the third on opercle; fins colored like body, except the pectorals, which are yellow, the edge orange. Vertebre 10+18—28. Length 4 inches. Cuba; rare (Poey); only the types known, examined by us in the National Museum. (zpos, small; yvaéos, jaw.) Opisthognathus micrognathus, POEY, Memerias, U1, 287, 1860, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) Lonchopisthus micrognathus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 241. Family CXCII. BATHYMASTERIDZ. (THE RONQUILS.) Body rather elongate, moderately compressed, covered with small, cten- oid scales. Head rather large, subconic. Eyes large. Mouth moderate, nearly horizontal, the lower jaw slightly projecting; lips full; premaxil- laries protractile, not extending to angle of the mouth; maxillary with- out supplemental bone, not slipping under the narrow preorbital. Teeth moderate, in a cardiform band in each jaw, the outer somewhat enlarged; bands of teeth on vomer and palatines. No barbels; no crests or spines on head. Branchiostegals 6. Gill membranes scarcely or broadly con- nected, free from the isthmus; gill rakers few, very short. Pseudo- branchie large. Opercular bones unarmed. Mucous pores numerous on top and sides of head, sometimes provided with fringed flaps. Lateral line conspicuous, placed high, not quite reaching the caudal fin, its scales, : 3 ; Ca sometimes enlarged. Dorsal fin long, continuous, moderately high, a rey few of the foremost rays inarticulate, none of them pungent or spine-like; the posterior rays branched; anal fin long, similar to the dorsal ; candai convex; pectorals rather broad, their bases extending oblique down- y ward and backward, their rays all branched; ventrals slightly in front of pectorals, I, 5, close together, the inner rays peered Skeleton well Ossi- fied. Pyloric ceca few (2 or 3). No anal papilla. Vertebr in large numbers, about 14+ 35. Three species known, from the Northern Pacific; here referred to 3 genera. The relations of the group are uncer- tain; externally they resemble the Opisthognathide, but the relation can not be close, and the number of vertebrie is greatly increased. a. Gill membranes not connected below. b. Head naked; scales in lateral line not enlarged; only first 3 or 4 rays in dorsal fin unbranched; pores of head with small flaps. BATHYMASTER, 844, _ bb. Head scaly on cheeks; scales in lateral line enlarged; anterior 20 t@30 rays of — dorsal fin unbranched; pores of head mostly without flaps. f pags z RonQuiius, 845. aa. Gill membranes broadly connected; cheeks scaly; scales in lateral line enlarged ome about 15 of anterior rays of dorsal simple. RATHBUNELLA, 846. 2288 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 844. BATHYMASTER, Cope. Bathymaster, COPE, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1873, 31 (signatus). Head naked; pores of head large, many of them with dermal flaps; gill membranes scarcely connected; scales of lateral line similar to the others; dorsal fin with but 3 or 4 of its anterior rays unbranched; characters otherwise included above. (favs, deep; “aérnp, searcher.) 2626. BATHYMASTER SIGNATUS, Cope. Head 34; depth5. D.47; A.34; scales 6-95-19; eye 44 in head; maxillary 24; snout 44; pectoral 14; ventral 24; highest dorsal ray 24; highest anal ray 34; caudal 22. Body compressed, elongate, anterior profile convex from tip of snout to dorsal; mouth not very oblique, the maxillary reach- ing the vertical from posterior edge of orbit; snout about equal to eye; jaws equal, with bands of small conical teeth, outer row enlarged; lower jaw with a single row at the sides; well developed conical teeth on vomer and palatines. Branchiostegal membranes not united; margin of preo- percle free, furnished with 5 or 6 conspicuous mucous pores; large pores on top and sides of head, each with a small flap; opercle ending in a flap ‘behind; gill rakers moderately long and slender, } eye, about 7+ 18; many mucous pores on top of head and under eye; head entirely naked; dorsal and pectoral with fine scales running about halfway up the fin; anal naked; a naked strip from nape to dorsal; pectoral broad and fan- shaped, its lower rays smaller, reaching to front of anal; origin of ventral spine about the diameter in front of the lower end of pectoral base; dorsal about uniform in height for nearly its entire length, higher than anal; dorsal and anal rays about reaching to base of caudal rays; first 3 or 4 rays of dorsal simple, the others branched; caudal truncate or slightly rounded. Color almost uniform warm brown with darker shades, the fins somewhat mottled with yellowish, the anal and ventrals blackish, other fins dusky; a conspicuous black ocellated blotch on front of dorsal, covering tips of 4 or 5spines.* Shores of southern Alaska, from Unimak * Concerning this species, Dr. Gilbert has the following note: ‘‘Bathymaster signatus is taken very abundantly in our series of shallow-water dredgings along the southern shore of the Alaskan Peninsula, and northward through Unimak Pass. The stations at which it was obtained are numbered 3211, 3212, 3213, 3214, 3215, 3217, 3220, 3222, and 3223, and the depth range from 34 to 56 fathoms. In addition, a very few small specimens were secured at Stations 3262, 3309, 3221 and 3333, north of the Aleutian Islands, in depths of 19 to 71 fathoms, but the species is evidently not abundantin Bering Sea. Noexamples were taken in any of the very numerous dredgings made in Bristol Bay. In life the sides are olive brown, and the upper parts show faint traces of 6 or 7 broad dusky cross bars, which correspond to or alternate with an equal number below the lateral Ae the anal and ventral fins, the branchiostegal and gular membranes, the lower pectoral rays, and the snout blue black; anterior edge of orbit and front edge of preorbital light yellow; the pores on edge of preopercle, 2 pores above and behind maxillary, and 3 at upper edge of opercle, bright scarlet; a large black blotch on anterior dorsal rays; distal half of anterior portion of dorsal fin and the upper pectoral rays yellow. Outer ventral ray simple and inarticulate, followed by 5 branched rays. Only the first 2 dorsal rays spin- ous, being soft and flexible, but unjointed. The third and all following rays jointed and forked. All of the anal rays jointed. A specimen from Albatross Station 3211, 35 mm. in length to base of caudal, shows that the ventrals occupy very different positions in adults and in young. In the latter they are truly thoracic in position, and are inserted as much behind base of pectorals as they are located in advance of this point in adults. A specimen 65 mm. long is entirely similar to adults in this respect.” als =—— a Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2289 Pass to Sitka; not uncommon in water of moderate depths. Here described from a specimen collected by the Albatross (No. 2143, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus.), Station 3214, 11 inches in length. Other specimens taken in rock pools at Sitka are dark green, almost black. (signatus, marked.) Bathymaster signatus, Copr, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1873, 31, Sitka (Coll. Prof. George Davidson) ; GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 554. 845. RONQUILUS, Jordan & Starks. Ronquilus, JORDAN & STARKs, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 838 ( jordani). Cheeks scaly; scales of lateral line enlarged; anterior half of dorsal fin more or less composed of unbranched rays; mucous pores on head without conspicuous flaps; gill membranes separate. One species. (Ron- quil, a Spanish name of the typical species, possibly from pdyyos, one who grunts.) 2627. RONQUILUS JORDANI (Gilbert). (RONQUIL.) Head 4); depth 63. D.41; A. 33; V. I, 5; P.18; scales 92+6 (tubes), about 200 transverse. Body rather elongate, moderately compressed. Eye large, about as long as snout, 4 in head, its diameter much more than the interocular space; maxillary extending to below front of pupil; cheeks closely scaly; rest of head entirely naked; a narrow, naked area in front of dorsal, bounded by rows of mucous pores; skull with large mucous cavities behind the eyes, which are translucent in life; scales of lateral line enlarged, twice as far apart as the others. Dorsal fin inserted at a distance behind the occiput, less than the diameter of the eye; pec- torals 3 the length of the head; fourth ray of ventrals longest; vent much nearer snout than root of caudal; vertebre 14+35—49; olivaceous, tinged with brown; about 8 round, faint-bluish blotches along the sides, each surrounded by rings of yellow spots; a yellow ring around the eye and a yellow band along the cheek; fins translucent, the anal with a yel- lowish strip and a deep-bluish or black edging; dorsal reddish or yellow, with a dusky blotch in front; ventrals dusky; pectorals with the lower rays blackish or dark blue, larger specimens nearly uniformly dark, the color varying with the surroundings. Bristol Bay to Puget Sound, about rocks, in water of moderate depth. Length 6 to 10 inches. Known from Seattle and from Wrangel and Bristol Bay, the latter specimen in 32 fathoms. (Named for its discoverer, David Starr Jordan.) Bathymaster signatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 623, 1883; not B. signatus, COPE. Bathymaster jordani, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 554, Elliott Bay at Seattle (Coll. Jordan) and Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Coll. Albatross.) Ronquilus jordani, JORDAN & STARKS, Proce. Cal, Ac. Sci. 1895, 838, pl. 99. 846. RATHBUNELLA, Jordan & Evermann. Rathbunella, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 463, 1896 (hypoplectus). This genus differs from Ronquilus in having the gill membranes broadly united across the isthmus. The unbranched anterior rays form about 4 2290 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, of the dorsal fin. (Named for Mr. Richard Rathbun, then chief of the Division of Scientific Inquiry in the U.S. Fish Commission, in recognition of his many services to science. ) 2628. RATHBUNELLA HYPOPLECTA (Gilbert). Head 43 in length; depth7. D.46; A.33. Head and body compressed, elongate, the anterior profile of head compressed, declivous; mouth some- what oblique, at lower side of snout, small, the maxillary reaching vertical from middle of pupil, 3} in head; snout very slightly shorter than orbit, 41 in head; diameter of orbit 4 in head; teeth well developed, in broad bands on jaws, vomer and palatines, the vomer and palatine patches nearly continuous; branchiostegal membranes broadly united, free from isthmus, forming a fold whose depth exceeds + diameter of orbit. Margin of preopercle adnate behind, slightly free below, furnished with a series of 6 conspicuous mucous pores; head without spines, ridges or filaments; inner margin of shoulder girdle conspicuously notched above and below, but without hook; gill rakers tubercular, few in number; a well-marked slit behind last gill. Distance from nape to front of dorsal fin equals its distance from posterior border of eye; anterior 10 or 12 dorsal rays simple and apparently not articulate, but flexible and not spine-like; distance from front of anal to base of ventrals 24 in its distance from base of caudal, all but first 4 of dorsal rays, and all of anal rays forked at tip; dorsal not high, the longest rays } head; highest anal ray equals snout and 4 eye; last dorsal and anal rays entirely disconnected from caudal, leaving a free space on caudal peduncle } diameter of orbit; ventrals I, 5, in advance of base of pectorals, narrowly triangular, the inner rays long- est; pectorals with curved base running backward and downward, the rays all branched, 18 in number, the width of base of fin 3} in head, the longest ray 14 in head; caudal rounded, } length of head. Body covered with small, partially embedded, cycloid scales, including antedorsal region, belly, breast, and area in front of base of pectorals; cheeks coy- ered with similar but smaller scales, the opercles and rest of head naked. Lateral line running high, parallel with back, on a series of enlarged scales, which are also partl¥ embedded in the thick skin; the lateral line fails to reach base of caudal by a distance equaling 4 of head, and is pres- ent on 82 scales. Color, dark olive-brown above, lighter below; a series of about 12 quadrate dark blotches below lateral line, connected more or less by dusky streaks with an alternating series along base of dorsal; no bright colors; dorsal, pectorals, ventrals and branchiostegal membranes dusky straw color; anal black, the rays white tipped; caudal blackish; peritoneum white. A single specimen, 8 inches long, from Albatross Sta- tion 2944, off Santa Barbara Islands, in 30 fathoms. Bathymaster hypoplectus, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 97, off Santa Barbara Isl- ands, California, at Albatross Station 2944. (Coll. Albatross.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2291 Family CXCIII. CHIASMODONTID&. (THE BLack SWALLOWERS. ) Body elongate, subcylindrical, or slightly tapering; head subconic. Skin naked; lateral line continuous, placed low; 2 dorsal fins, the first rather short, of slender spines, the second dorsal and anal long; ventrals normal, thoracic, inserted before pectorals, the rays I,5; pectorals long and narrow ; mouth very deeply cleft, reaching beyond the eyes, with numer- ous long, sharp, movable teeth, the anterior canines movable; teeth on palatines; upper jaw not protractile, the maxillary produced backward. Opercular apparatus very oblique and reduced; no spines or cirri on head; caudal fin forked. Genera 2; species 2; deep-sea fishes, notable for the sharp teeth and for the extensible stomach. (Chiasmodontida, Gill, in Jor- dan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 964, 1883.) a. Jaws with some of the anterior canines extremely long and movable, the 2 anterior crossing each other; lower jaw projecting. CHIASMODON, 847. aa. Jaws with slender, close-set teeth, none of them greatly produced; lower jaw not prominent. PSEUDOSCOPELUS, 848. 847. CHIASMODON, Johnson. (BLAck SWALLOWERS. ) Chiasmodon, JOHNSON, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1863, 408 (niger). Chiasmodus, GUNTHER, change of spelling. Body elongate, compressed, and tapering posteriorly, naked; belly pend- ent, its walls membranaceous, capable of great dilation. Mouth very large; lower jaw longer than upper; each jaw with 2 series of large, pointed teeth, some of the anterior being very large and movable; vomer- ine teeth none; palatines with teeth similar to those in the jaws. Gills 4. No pseudobranchiz. Gill openings very wide, the membranes joined to the isthmus for a short distance. Dorsal fins 2; anal single; ventrals inserted below pectorals, each of 5 soft rays. Tail truncate at base of caudal. Caudal forked, free from dorsal and anal. Singular fishes of the deep sea, remarkable for their ability to swallow fishes of many times their own size by means of the great distensibility of the walls of the body. (xiaoua, a mark of the form of the letter 7; ddo0vs, tooth; the 2 anterior canines crossing each other when depressed.) 2629. CHIASMODON NIGER, Johnson. Head 34. D. XI-28; A.27; P.13; V.5. Head compressed, elongate, the crown flat, its depth less than } its length; maxiliary reaching angle of preopercle; both jaws armed with long, pointed, wide-set teeth, nearly all of which are movable; 2 anterior teeth of upper jaw very long, cross- ing each other when depressed; 3 anterior pairs of teeth in lower jaw 2292 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. likewise prolonged, the third pair the longest; palatines with a longer, fixed tooth in front. Eye moderate, above the anterior part of maxillary, 44 in head, shorter than snout, as wide as interorbital space. Lateral line in a longitudinal groove. First dorsal of slender rays, its base 24 in in that of second dorsal; anal commencing behind second dorsal, its ante- rior rays without connection with vertebral column; posterior rays of anal and dorsal very feeble; pectoral as long as head without snout; ven- tral 4 as long as pectoral. Color entirely black. Length 12 inches. (Giinther.) Deep waters of the Atlantic; a remarkable fish, the walls of the body inordinately extensible; taken at Madeira, in the mid-Atlantic, near the island of Dominica, and off the coast of Massachusetts.* (niger, black.) Chiasmodon niger, JOHNSON, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1863, 408, Madeira; JORDAN & GIL- BERT, Synopsis, 964; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 292, 1896. Chiasmodus niger, GUNTHER, Cat., V, 435, 1864; CARTER, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, 38; GUNTHER, Challenger Report, Deep Sea Fishes, xx1, 99, 1887. 848. PSPEUDOSCOPELUS, Liitken. Pseudoscopelus, LUTKEN, Spolia Atlantica, Scopelini, 64, 1892 (scriptus). Body perciform, scaleless, naked; mouth very large; eyes moderate; the slender maxillary reaching far beyond eye; jaws and palate with slender, close-set teeth; ventral fins short, subthoracic, of 1 spine and 5 rays; first dorsal short, of about 8 slender spines; posterior dorsal long, similar to the anal. Each jaw with a distinct line of pores, a median line of pores before ventrals, a cross line connecting ventrals, a series of pores from the vent passing around anal on each side. Lateral line well devel- oped, running high. Head without spines. Gill openings very broad. Pectorals long; caudal short, forked. One species known, in deep water. (hevdns, false; Scopelus.) 2630. PSEUDOSCOPELUS SCRIPTUS, Liitken. Head 34; depth 44. D. VIII-22; A. 22; V. I, 5. Body subfusiform, somewhat compressed. Head large, the snout short and pointed, 4} in head, the small eye, about 5. Jaws subequal, maxillary 14 in head; cheek V-shaped, very oblique; bones of head not serrate. Form of head and mouth much as in Lngraulis or Scopelus. Pectoral nearly as long as head, reaching past front of anal; soft dorsal higher than spinous, the anterior rays of soft dorsal and anal elevated. Pores as above described. * The first specimen of this remarkable fish was obtained at Magdalena (Madeira), at a depth of 312 fathoms, in 1850, by Lowe, who, however, omitted to give a description of it. The species was rediscovered at the same locality by Johnson twelve years later. A third specimen was picked up from the surface, near the island of Dominica. A fourth example was obtained by the Challenger in mid-Atlantic, at Station 107, in 1,500 fathoms, on August 26, 1873. salof about 8 rays. STARKSIA, 876. wi. Anterior part of lateral line running on a series of enlarged scales without visible pores; teeth in more than 1 series in jaws; teeth on vomer and front of palatines. CRYPTOTREMA, 877. dd. Dorsal with 1 short soft ray only; scales large; teeth in jaws in more than | series; teeth on vomer, none on palatines. n. Dorsal fin more or less deeply notched behind the third spine. o. First 3 spines of dorsal very slender, close set, forming a separate ribbon-shaped fin, which is much higher than any of the spines in the second dorsal; anal spines rather high; body strongly compressed, the snout very sharp. EXERPES, 878. oo. First 3 dorsal spines stiff, wide set, not remote from rest of fin behind dorsal notch; anal spines short; body more elongate, the snout less acute. AUCHENOPTERUS, 879. nn. Dorsal fin continuous, not notched. PARACLINUS, 880. EMMNIIN2: bb. Lateral line straight, close to the dorsal fin; scales small, cycloid; dorsal notched, its anterior half of slender spines; no cirri on head; ventrals thick- ish, inserted slightly before pectorals; teeth in bands, the outer enlarged. EMMNION, 881. 3030-——70 2346 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, aa. Body scaleless; species oviparous, so far as known. p. Teeth comb-shaped, in a single row in each jaw, behind which are sometimes long canines; vomer and palatines usually toothless; lateral line usually single, with a strong arch anteriorly; dorsal fin long, continuous, or di- vided into 2 fins, the anterior portion composed of spines, which are stiff or flexible; anal fin long, usually with 1 or 2 small spines; ventrals well- developed, jugular, of 2 or 3 rays. q. Teeth all fixed, attached to the bone of the jaws and not movable. RUNULINZE: r. Caudal fin lunate or forked; teeth compressed; spines and soft rays of dorsal indistinguishable. s. Ventral fins very long, each of a spine and a soft ray. ATOPOCLINUS, 882. ss. Ventral fins not 4 length of head, each with about 2 soft rays; gill opening reduced to a small slit above pectoral. RUNULA, 883. BLENNUNZ: rr. Caudal fin rounded; teeth slender; gill membranes not reduced to a small slit. t. Teeth all fixed, attached to the bone of the jaws. v. Gill membranes free from the isthmus, or at least form- ing a distinct fold across it. w. Jaws one or both with a posterior fang-like canine, much longer than the anterior teeth. BLENNIUS, 884. ww. Jaws without canines, the teeth all equal. SCARTELLA, 885. vv. Gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus, the gill openings restricted to the sides. a. Jaws one or both with posterior fang-like canines. HYPLEUROCHILUS, 886. az. Jaws without posterior canines; the teeth equal. y. Three articulated ventral rays. z. Mouth small, the maxillary extending scarcely beyond front of eye; the head decurved in profile. HYPSOBLENNIUS, 887. zz. Mouth large, the maxillary extending . beyond vertical from middle of eye; the head rather pointed in profile. CHASMODES, 888. yy. Four articuJated ventral rays. HOMESTHES, 889. SALARIINE: qq. Teeth of front of jaws all movable, implanted on the skin of the lips. a’. Vomer toothless. ; b'. Jaws without posterior canines; dorsal fin deeply notched. SCARTICHTHYS, 890. bb'. Jaws one or both with posterior fang-like canines. 2a. Dorsal fin continuous. RUPISCARTES, 891. ax. Dorsal fin divided. ENTOMACRODUS, 892. aa’. Vomer with a few teeth; posterior canines small. SALARIICHTHYS, 893. pp. Teeth unequal, not comb-like; body oblong or elongate, more or less eel- shaped, naked, or rarely with rudimentary scales; supraocular flap sometimes present. Gill membranes united, free from the isthmus; dorsal fin very long, sometimes divided into 2 fins; formed of flexible spines, which often pass gradually into soft rays; anal fin long; ventral Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2341 fins thoracic or subjugular, usually, not much, if any, before the pecto- rals, composed of 2 soft rays each, the spine rudimentary; caudal well developed, the dorsal and anal usually more or less joined to it at base. OPHIOBLENNIINZ:: c’. Jaws each with 4 strong hooked canines in front; a hooked posterior canine below; a cirrus above eye and | above nostril; body scale- less; caudal fin forked; dorsal fin notched; body not eel-shaped; dorsal and anal free from caudal; ventrals small. : . OPHIOBLENNIUS, 894. ec’. Jaws with numerous teeth, not as above; caudal fin not forked. EMBLEMARIINZ: d'. Body not eel-shaped; dorsal and anal not joined to caudal; no scales; no cirri; no lateral line; ventrals before pectorals; teeth on palatines; caudal fin rounded. e’. Dorsal fin very high, not notched, the spines passing grad- ually into the soft rays; jaws long, sharp at tip. EMBLEMARIA, 895. dd'. Body elongate or eel-shaped; the dorsal and anal low, joined to base of caudal. CHZNOPSINZE : J'. Ventrals subjugular, more or less before pectorals; pala tines with teeth; jaws long and sharp. g'. Jaws with strong teeth, not as above described; dor- sal fin with its anterior half of flexible spines, the posterior half of soft rays, the former gradually passing into the latter; jaws long, pike-like; ventrals inserted slightly before pectorals; anal with 2 spines; a villiform band of teeth in each jaw behind anterior teeth. h'. Vomer toothless. Dorsal rays about XVIII, 38; anal IT, 38. CHENOPSIS, 896. hh'. Vomer with a few teeth. Dorsal rays XVIII, 32; anal IJ, 30. LUCIOBLENNIUS, 897. PHOLIDICHTHYIN : f’. Ventrals subthoracic, inserted below pectorals; teeth in jaws uniserial; anal fin without spines. w'. Dorsal fin continuous, its spines indistinguishable from the soft rays. PHOLIDICHTHYS, 898. ii’. Dorsal divided into 2 fins, the anterior portion of 3 fiexible spines behind the nape. PSEDNOBLENNIUS, 899. II. Blennies arctic or subartic; the vertebrx in large number, usually 50 or more; lat- eral line various, usually median; dorsal fin usually without soft rays; scales small, eyeloid, rarely wanting. j'. Gill openings not continued forward below, the membranes broadly united, some- times joined to the isthmus; ventral fins small or obsolete; scales small. cycloid. k'. Pectoral fins short or wanting, never pointed, and never more than 4 head; pyloric ceca asually, but not always, obsolete. VY, Body not covered with crosswise tubes at right angles to the lateral line. m'. Dorsal fin composed of spines only. STATHMONOTINZ:: n'. Body scaleless; ventrals moderately developed; anal spines 2; no lateral line; no pseudobranchiw. STaTHMONOTUS, 900. nn'. Body covered with small smooth scales. CHIROLOPHINZ:: o’. Ventral fins well developed, of 1 spine and 3 rays; no anal spines; top of head with many cirri; a row of large pores above base of pectorals; gill membranes free from isthmus; no pyloric c#ca. 2348 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. p'. Lateral line obsolete, only the row of pores being present. BRYOSTEMMA, 901. oo’. Ventral fins rudimentary or wanting, not more than 1 soft ray present; dorsal spines all short and rigid. PHOLIDIN2E: q'. Lateral line obsolete. r'. Gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus; no pyloric cxca; carnivorous. s’. Anal fin with a large sheathed spine; ventrals wanting. t'. Anal spine very long, pen- shaped, its anterior sur- face channelled; pectoral fins moderate. APODICHTHYS, 902. tt’. Analspine moderate or small, not pen-shaped, its ante- rior edge convex, not chaunelled. u'. Pectoral fins very small; anal spine moderate. XERERPES, 903. wu'. Pectoral fins wholly wanting; anal spine small. ULVICOLA, 904. ss’, Anal fin with 2 small spines or with none. v'. Ventral fins reduced to a short spine, followed by a rudimentary ray. .w', Caudal fin well de- veloped. PHOLIs, 905. ww!'. Caudal fin very nar- row, the dorsal and anal united around the taper- ing tail. GUNNELLOPS, 906. vv'. Ventral fins entirely want- ing; caudal as in Pholis. ASTERNOPTERYX, 907. rr'. Gill membranes joined to the isthmus, sometimes forming a fold across it; no ventral fins; no anal spines; top of head with fleshy crests; pyloric ceca present; body naked anteriorly, with small scales pos- teriorly. ANOPLARCHUS, 908. XIPHIDIIN A: qq'. Lateral lines several, each with many short cross branches; pyloric cca present; gill membranes free from isthmus; ven- trals none; anal spines 2 or 3, small; herbivorous. Ee Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2349 w'. Pectorals small but well developed, much longer than eye. XUPHISTES, 909, ww'. Pectorals minute, not longer than eye. XIPHIDION, 910. CEBEDICHTHYIN: mm’. Dorsal fin with its posterior half composed of soft rays; gill mem- branes broadly united, free from isthmus; ventrals wanting; lateral line single, high; pyloric cca present; herbivorous. : CEBEDICHTHYS, 911. DICTYOSOMATIN 2: UW’. Body covered with crosswise tubes at right angles with the lateral line and forming a network with it. x’. Dorsal fin of spines only; teeth strong; ventral fins present, well developed; gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus. PLAGIOGRAMMUS, 912. kk’. Pectoral fins long and rounded or pointed, nearly as long as head; dorsal fin high; gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus; no lateral line; species probably all herbivorous. OPISTHOCENTRINZ:: y'. Ventral fins wanting. z', Dorsal with its posterior spines rigid and sharp; head scaly. OPISTHOCENTRUS, 913. zz'. Dorsal with its spines all flexible; head naked. PHOLIDAPUS, 914. PLECTOBRANCHINZE: yy'. Ventral fins well developed; dorsal spines all pungent; body greatly elongate. PLECTOBRANCHUS, 915. jj. Gill openings continued forward below, the membranes separate or nearly so, scarcely joined to the isthmus; pectorals and ventrals well developed; dorsal spines slender, pungent, the fin without soft rays; herbivorous species. LUMPENINE: a'', Lateral line obsolete or obscure; body greatly elongate. b’’. Pectorals with the upper and middle rays shortened, shorter than lower; teeth on vomer and palatines. LEPTOCLINUS, 916. bb’. Pectorals with the middle rays longest. ce’, Lateral line not wholly obsolete, a series of distant pores along sides; teeth on vomer and palatines. _ POROCLINUS, 917. cc’’, Lateral line obsolete, only a few small pores being traceable; no teeth on vomer; palatine teeth small or wanting. LUMPENUS, 918. STICHZINZ : aa’. Lateral line present, single, double, or triple; body moderately elongate; teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines. da. Lateral line simple, one on each side of back. STICHAUS, 919. dd. Lateral lines 2, or dividing into 2 on each side. ULVARIUS, 920. ddd, Lateral line forking, forming 3 on each side. EKUMESOGRAMMUS, 921. 868. ENNEANECTES. Jordan & Evermann. Enneanectes, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 501 (carminalis). Body rather robust, covered with large, rough ctenoid scales; lateral line almost obsolete; mouth moderate, the jaws equal; no tentacle above the eye or on nape; no hook on shoulder girdle; eye large; dorsal fin divided into 3 fins, the first of 3 or 4 slender spines, the second of about 10, the soft dorsal of about 7 rays; caudal rounded; anal fin long; pec- toral long, the lower rays simple and thickened. Small fish of the rock 2350 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. pools, closely allied to the Old World genus, Tripterygion, Risso, but dis- tinguished by the chubby body, short fins, and large, rough scales. (évvéa, nine; vyxtyp, swimmer, there being 9 fins.) 2687. ENNEANECTES CARMINALIS (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 33; depth 43 to543. D. III-XII, 9 (IV-X, 8 in the specimen before us); A. II, 11 (misprinted IJ, 17) scales 33 to 40. Body rather stont, heavy forward, rapidly tapering behind. Head short, the snout low and rather pointed, the profile straight and steep from the snout to opposite the front of the eyes, there forming an angle and extending backward nearly in a straight line; eyes very large, longer than snout, 3 in head, high up, and close together; mouth wide, the jaws subequal, the maxil- lary extending backward to front of pupil; teeth moderate, essentially as in species of Labrisomus, those of the outer series enlarged; no evi- dent cirri on the head; scales on body of moderate size, ctenoid, the edges strongly pectinate; belly naked; lateral line extending to opposite last ray of soft dorsal, ascending anteriorly, but without convex curve; dor- sals 3, the first and second contiguous, the second and third well sepa- rated; first dorsal of 3 spines, the first of which is the highest and about as long as diameter of eye; the second dorsal of higher and slenderer spines, the anterior the highest, the longest about equaling greatest depth of body; soft dorsal shorter and a little lower than second spinous dorsal; caudal small; anal long, beginning nearly under middle of spinous dorsal; pectoral long, longer than head, reaching much past front of anal; ven- trals # length of head. Color light brownish, with 4 dark-brown cross bars on sides, about as wide as the interspaces, which are marked with more or less reddish and with some lighter spots; belly pale; space behind pectoral dark; a dark bar downward and 1 forward from eye; first dorsal mottled with darker, second and third dorsals nearly plain; a narrow, dark bar at base of caudal and a broader one toward the tip, the fin some- times entirely black; pectorals somewhat barred; lower fins plain. Ma- zatlan, in tide pools; the types, 4 specimens, each about 1} inches long. Another from the same locality, since figured by Dr. Jordan, differs some- what in the count of the fin rays; but the very small size of the specimen prevents us from being entirely sure of its correctness. (carmen, a hetchel, from the rough scales.) Triplerygium carminale, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 362, Mazatlan. (Type, No. 28118. Coll. Gilbert.) Enneanectes carminalis, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 510, with plate of young example. 869. HETEROSTICHUS, Girard. FHeterostichus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 143 (rostratus). Body rather elongate, compressed, covered with very small, smooth seales, those along lateral line not enlarged; head long and low, the snout conic, produced, very acute; premaxillaries protractile; mouth moderate, terminal; each jaw with a row of conical teeth, behind which anteriorly is a broad patch of villiform teeth; vomer and palatines with villiform, teeth; gillrakers feeble; gill membranes broadly united, free from the Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2351 isthmus; orbital cirri minute or wanting; cheeks scaly. Dorsal fin very long, the posterior rays soft, the 5 anterior spines wider apart than the rest and separated from them by a notch, the first and second spines long- est, rather flexible, the other spines stiff; caudal fin forked; ventrals I, 3; pectorals moderate; lateral line simple, complete, abruptly cufved behind pectorals; air bladder present, large. Size large. Close to Gibbonsia, from which the presence of the air bladder and the form of the caudal separate it. (érepos, different; 6zZyos, rank;. in allusion to the differen- tiation of the anterior dorsal spines. ) ; 2688. HETEROSTICHUS ROSTRATUS, Girard. (KELPFISH.) Head 33 in body; depth 44. D.V-XXXIII, 13; A. II, 34; eye 7 in head; maxillary 2}; pectoral 14; ventral 23; first dorsal spine 4}; highest ray of soft dorsal 2}; third anal ray 2%; caudal 2}. -Body much compressed, deepest anteriorly; head slender, compressed and pointed; lower jaw strongly projecting, with thick lip; maxillary reaching pupil; width of interorbital a little greater than eye; orbital cirrus minute, usually entirely wanting; cheek and upper edge of opercle with small scales, rest of head naked. Origin of dorsal a little in front of the vertical from gill opening; pectoral under third dorsal spine, reaching to below the eleventh or twelfth; ventrals inserted in front of pectorals in distance equal to length of snout, their tips reaching about } of their length beyond base of the pectoral; soft dorsal higher than spinous, ending slightly anterior to the anal; caudal furcate, the middle rays } length of outer. Color translucent, reddish brown, varying to blackish or olive, a series of large irregular light spots along sides below lateral line, continuous with a dis- tinct ght bar from eye to edge of opercle, bordered with black above, a similar spot on base of pectoral; an irregular line of large spots following outline of body under dorsal and above anal; a clear cut white streak from dorsal to tip of snout and continued on lower lip, the hue and pattern of color varying greatly; young examples most variegated; a translucent spot behind third dorsal spine, generally followed by similar spots for the whole length of the fin. San Francisco to San Diego. The largest of the Clinoid blennies, very abundant in the keip, with which it agrees in colora- tion. Here described from a specimen, 16 inches in length, from San Francisco market. (rostratus, long-nosed.) Heterostichus rostratus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 143, San Diego, California (Type, No. 284. Coll. A. Cassidy); Grrarp, Pac. R. R. Surv., x, Fishes, 26, pl. 13, 1858; GUNTHER, Cat., 261, 1861; JORDAN & GILEERT, Synopsis, 764, 1883. 870. GIBBONSIA, Cooper. Gibbonsia, COOPER, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., 01, 1864, 109 (elegans). Blakea, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitriige, v, 148, 1876 (elegans). Body less elongate and compressed, covered with minute cycloid scales, those along lateral line not enlarged; lateral line complete, abruptly decurved behind the pectoral; head somewhat pointed; snout unequal; conical teeth on jaws and vomer, the teeth mostly in single series, except 2352 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. in front, where there is a narrow villiform band; no conspicuous posterior canines ; maxillary not produced backward from angle of mouth; a tentacle above eye, none at nape; gill membranes united, free from the isthmus. Shoulder girdle with an upturned hook on its inner edge as in Clinus. Dorsal fin long and low, chiefly composed of spines, 5 of the anterior spines different from the others, longer and set farther apart; anal fin low, with 2 spines; ventral fins jugular, of 1 spine and 2 or 3 rays; caudal fin truncate; branchiostegals 6; no air bladder; pyloric cecaabsent. Vivip- arous. Pacific coast; bright-colored fishes, inhabiting rock pools among alg. This genus is very close to Clinus (type C. acuminatus, Cuvier & Valenciennes), differing chiefly in the form of the dorsal fin and in the pointed snout. In Clinus the first 3 dorsal spines are shorter than the others. (Named for Dr. William Peters Gibbons, of Alameda, California, who was one of the early naturalists in the California Academy of Sciences.) a. Dorsal rays about V-XXXI, 10; anal rays about II, 26; soft dorsal low; coloration comparatively plain, the soft dorsal without pellucid-area. EVIDES, 2689. ada. Dorsal rays about V-XXVIII,7; analrays II, 24; soft dorsal high; coloration more or less highly variegated; soft dorsal with a large pellucid blotch posteriorly. ELEGANS, 2690. 2689. GIBBONSIA EVIDES (Jordan & Gilbert). (KELPFISH; SENORITA.) Head 43; depth 44. D. V-XXX or XXXI, 10 or 11; A. II, 260r 27. Body elongate, compressed; head small, rather pointed; mouth quite small, terminal, the maxillary about reaching pupil, 3} in head; lower jaw pro- jecting, vomer with teeth; no teeth on palatines; posterior teeth not recurved; eye moderate, shorter than snout, 5 to 6 in head; a small supra- ocular flap, not higher than pupil; nasal cirrus very small; first spine of dorsal inserted over preopercle, its length more than } that of head, the second nearly equal; the third, fourth, and fifth progressively shorter; the sixth about as long as the fourth; the seventh longer; the rest nearly equal to the last, which is lower than the soft rays; the soft dorsal lower and more rounded than in G. elegans, the longest ray 23 in head; pectorals moderate, not reaching vent; ventrals moderate; scales very small, smooth; head naked; no air bladder. Usual color of adult, translucent, reddish or orange, nearly plain or with oblong dark clouds below middle of sides anteriorly; often scattered blackish spots on sides, irregularly placed, forming a broken lateral band, most distinct in the young; a large pellucid spot on the membrane behind third dorsal spine, sometimes some small ones behind it; pectorals nearly plain; dorsal and anal plain, red- dish, with a broad dusky shade distally; soft dorsal without pellucid area; caudal plain; a dark streak backward from eye; young examples often variegated, with light and dark shades of red, brown, and white, sometimes with 6 to 8 dark cross bars, sometimes with 4 or 5 lengthwise stripes alternating with paler ones, the hue varying exceedingly and dependent on the surrroundings, but never so extravagantly spotted as in Cibbonsia elegans, Length9inches. Coast of Californiasouth to Point Con- cepcion; abundant in the kelp, rarely in rock pools. Here described from specimens from Monterey. (evez67)s, comely ; ev, well; eZdos, appearance. ) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2353 Blakea elegans, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitrage, v, 148, 1876, specimens from San Fran- cisco; not Myxodes elegans, COOPER. Clinus evides,* JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 763, 1883; specimens from Monterey, exclusive of part of synonymy; name a substitute for elegans, preoccupied in Olinus. 2690. GIBBONSIA ELEGANS (Cooper). (SPOTTED KELPFISH.) Head 44; depth 44. D.V-XXVIII,7; A.II,24.. Body rather strongly compressed; head short, rather pointed, mouth small, terminal, rather oblique, the maxillary barely reaching pupil, 3} in head; lower jaw pro- jecting; teeth as in Gibbonsia evides; eye rather large, 44 in bead, as long as snout; a small fringed supraocular flap, as long as pupil; a slender nasal cirrus; first dorsal spine 23 in head; fins as in G. evides, the soft dorsal shorter, higher, and less rounded, its longest ray 24 in head; pec- torals and ventrals moderate, about as in G. evides; caudal fan-shaped on a slender peduncle; scales small and smooth; head naked. Color brown or red, agreeing with rocks or with Corallina, usually with eight irregular darker cross bars extending on the dorsal and anal, sometimes nearly plain brown; a dark spot probably always present behind head, and some, 1 or more, along lateral line posteriorly ; spinous dorsal with a pellucid spot; usually many pale and dark spots and freckles on head and fins; pectoral and caudal usually barred, but plain in specimens taken in the kelp (Macrocystis), these latter much less variegated than tide-pool specimens; soft dorsal always with a large pellucid blotch posteriorly, this wanting or obscure in G. evides. Coast of southern California; abundant in rock pools lined with Corallina from Point Concepcion to Todos Santos; the specimens here described from Point Loma. Close to the preceding, but smaller and more brightly colored, the fin rays fewer. These differences, though small, seem to be constant; whether the 2 species overlap each other in geographical range is not known. (elegans, elegant.) Myzxodes elegans, COOPER, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., m1, 1864, 109, San Diego and Santa Barbara. Olinus ocellifer, + MOcQUARD, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1886, 44, California. Clinus evides, ROSA SMITH, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 235, specimens from Todos Santos; not of JORDAN & GILBERT. * The name evides may apparently be retained for this species, as the pest jar of Jor- dan & Gilbert (Synopsis, 763) is based entirely on Monterey specimens, typical of this spe- cies. It was intended, however, as a substitute for the name elegans, already used in the genus Clinus, to which these species were then referred. + The following is a transiation of the description of Clinus ocellifer (Mocquard): Head 44; depth 44. D. ITI-XXX,8; A.IT, 24; C.13; P.12; V.1,3. Body strongly com- pressed, tapering rapidly behind. Eye alittle longer than snout, 33 in head, twice inter- orbital space; lower jaw a little longer than maxillary, reaching front of eye; a little tentacle on anterior nostril. elongate, with 4 or 5 unequal branches; a tentacle over eye. Three first dorsal spines nearly double length of those which follow, and separated by an interval equal to that which separates the first spine from the third; last dorsal spines minger than those that precede and stronger than any of the others; dorsal and caudal well separated. Scales very small. Opposite fifth and sixth dorsal spines immediately below lateral line is a lens-shaped spot of brownish black with a dull border; a second ocellus a little before the posterior extremity of the spinous dorsal; this surrounded by a pale brown circle in 1 specimen; the sides also with 5 irregular bands of a paler brown than that of the spots; the anterior is alittle behind the corresponding spot; the pos- terior opposite the third or fourth soft ray of the dorsal; the posterior spot at the upper extremity of the fourth band; other spots of the same color at the base of the dorsal on the right of the caudal; sides with a longitudinal series of small white spots, not sur- rounded by black circle; other spots on the anal in 6 transverse lines; larger spots on snbopercle and about the ventralis. Teeth on the vomer, none on the palatines. Coast of California. Two specimens, 93mm.long. (Mocquard.) 2354 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 871. NEOCLINUS, Girard. Neoclinus, GIRARD, U.S. Pac. R. R. Surv., X, Fish., 114, 1858 (blanchardi). Pterognathus,* GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1859, 57 (satiricus). Body compressed, rather elongate, covered with minute cycloid scales; lateral line present, incomplete, high anteriorly; head naked, the cheeks tumid; upper jaw protractile; maxillary greatly produced backward, more than 3 length of head, reaching far beyond the eye; both jaws, vomer, and palatines with stout, unequal, conical teeth in a single series, besides which, in the front of the jaws, are smaller teeth; nasal and supra- ocular region with fringed tentacles; gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus; gill rakers weak. Dorsal fin long, scarcely emargi- nate, its anterior + composed of slender, flexible spines, which are similar to the soft rays, all of which are simple; anal long, its rays all simple; ventrals moderate, I, 3; caudal fin distinct; pectorals rather broad, rounded; no air bladder; no pyloric ceca. Pacifie coast, in shallow water; remarkable for the great development of the maxillary, as in Opisthognathus and Gillichthys. (véos, new; “xAivos, Clinus.) NEOCLINUS: a. Maxillary long, but not reaching beyond head; membrane of jaws white, BLANCHARDI, 2691. PTEROGNATHUS (mrepov, Wing; yvaGos, jaw): aa. Maxillary inordinately developed, reaching gill opening in the adult; maxillary flap blackish, edged with bright yellow. SATIRICUS, 2692. Subgenus NEOCLINUS. 2691. NEOCLINUS BLANCHARDI, Girard. Head 4; depth 54. D.XXIV,17; A. II, 30; eye5in head; maxillary vari- able, about 13; pectoral 2; caudal 1? to 2. Upper profile of head convex, snout rather steep; jaws subequal; teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines, subequal, canine-like; eye set high in head, equal tolengthofsnout. Males with a long thick cirrus over front of middle of eye, twice as long as eye, its end multifid, 3 or 4 short, slender ones behind it over posterior half of eye; females with a much smaller cirrus in front, seldom as long as eye, the posterior ones similar to those of male; both with a multifid flap at anterior nostril; maxillary never reaching past preopercle (in specimens from 6 to 8 inches in length), not longer in males than in females. Head naked; scales on body very small, somewhat embedded; no scales on fins; origin of dorsal directly behind occiput, no notch between spinous and soft dorsals; the tips of last dorsal and anal rays reaching to base of cau- dal fin; pectorals broad, scarcely reaching to vent; about 3 the length of ventrals in front of base of pectoral. Color varying from dark red or **Tt is more than probable that had we been acquainted with this second species of Neoclinus first, we would have been misled as to its real generical characters, and framed a name in allusion to the condition of the upper jaw, such as Pterognathus, for example, which would have been most characteristic, for that upper jaw is as truly winged as the upper members of the flying squirrels. We can not help thinking that Cuvier himself would not bave coined the name of Opisthognathus had he had before him the species which bears his name instead of that which he dedicated to Sonnerat. These two genera (Opis- thognathus and Neeoclinus) will furnish one of the best themes to ichthyological studies, as they exemplify the fact that specific characters may be developed to exaggeration, and become more conspicuous than the generic characters themselves.” (Girard.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2355 plum color to olive green; sides mottled and spotted with darker; a dark spot, ocellated with yellow, generally present between first and second dorsal spines; dorsal blackish toward ends of rays; pectorals and anal white in female, slightly dusky in male; unexposed portion of lower lip entirely white; a yellow spot on base of caudal rays below and above. Coast of California, from Monterey to Santa Barbara; not rare; a remark- able fish. Here described from specimens from 6 to 8 inches in length, from Pacific Grove, California. We do not know what variation there may be in maxillary and barbels in larger or smaller specimens. This species differs from JN. satiricus in having no second spot behind seventh spine of dorsal; in having that part of lower lip which is covered by the maxillary entirely white; barbels in male much longer; maxillary shorter; head slightly shorter; and in having the pectorals and anal lighter. (Named for its discoverer, Dr. S. B. Blanchard.) Neoclinus blanchardi, GIRARD, U.S. Pac. R. R. Surv., X, Fish., 114, 1858, San Diego (Type, No. 691. Coll. Dr. S. B. Blanchard) ; GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 259, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 761, 1883. Subgenus PTEROGNATHUS, Girard. 2692. NEOCLINUS SATIRICUS, Girard. Head 3} in body; depth 6. D.XVI,17; A.30; eye 5 in head; pectoral 2; caudal 2}. Head bluntish, convex in profile; snout steep; jaws sub- equal; unequal, small canines on jaws, vomer, and palatines; eye about equal to length of snout, interorbital flattish, about 4 eye in width; 3 or 4 small barbels above eye, seldom as long as eye, the anterior one some- times absent on one or both sides; cirri not differentiated in the female; a multifid flap on anterior nostril; maxillary always reaching past edge of preopercle (in examples 6 to 9 inches in length), just past in females, longer than head in males. Head naked, scales on body small, partly embedded; no scales onfins. Origin of dorsal directly behind occiput; no notch between spinous and soft dorsals; pectorals in the larger examples reaching to vent; last rays of dorsal and anal reaching base of caudal fin; anterior half of ventrals in front of base of pectorals. Color in spirits, reddish brown or olive green, mottled and spotted with darker; a dark spot ocellated with yellow between first and second dorsal spines, a simi- lar one between seventh and ninth; dorsal blackish, pectoral, anal and ventrals varying from dusky to black, in no case light in our speci- mens; a yellow spot sometimes present, below and above, on base of cau- dal rays; the membrane connecting maxillary with lower jaw blackish, broadly and abruptly edged with white (probably yellow in life). Coast of California, from Monterey to Santa Barbara; a rare and most interest- ing species. Here described from specimens, 6 to 9 inches in length, from Pacitic Grove, California. Differing from N. blanchardi in length of maxil- lary; slightly larger head; males without long cirri; a second spot on dorsal; fins darker, and especially in having the membrane of lower lip blackish, edged with white. (satiricus, satirical.) Neociinus satiricus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 57, Monterey, California, in 30 fathoms (Coll. A. S. Taylor); GUNTHER, Cat., I11., 260, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 761, 1883. 2356 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 872. MALACOCTENUS, Gill. Malacoctenus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 103 (delalandi). This genus is very close to Labrisomus, differing in the dentition, the teeth in the jaws being in single series; vomer with a few teeth or with none, none on palatines. The form of the dorsal fin in some species is different, there being usually a notch behind the fourth dorsal spine as well as at front of soft dorsal. Most of the species are not well known, and perhaps more than 1 genus is here included. (y“adaxos, soft; xrezs, comb, in reference to the comb of filaments at the nape in the typical species. ) a. Nape without filaments. b. Orbital tentacle present. c. D. X XI, 8; spinous dorsal not notched, the first rays shortest; body elon- gate; snout pointed; scales large, about 38. OCELLATUS, 2693. ec. D. XX, 12; spinous dorsal weakly notched; body rather robust. VARIUS, 2694. bb. Orbital tentacle wanting; dorsal rays X XI, 11; spinous dorsal weakly notched; ventrals long. MACROPUS, 2695. aa. Nape with a single tentacle. D. XVIII,9; a tentacle above eye. LUGUBRIS, 2696. aaa. Nape with a comb of slender tentacles; spinous dorsal more or less notched behind fourth or fifth spine. d. Orbital tentacle present. D. XVIII to XX, 11 or 12 vomer with teeth. e. Scales 43 or 44. f. Highest soft ray of dorsal 14 in head; dorsal without ocelli. GILLII, 2697. ff. Soft rays of dorsal 13 in head; dorsal fin with 2 large black ocelli; ventral fins long, as long as head. BIMACULATUS, 2698. ee. Seales 55; ventrals moderate, shorter than head. DELALANDI, 2699. dd. Orbital tentacle wanting; (no vomerine teeth ?). VERSICOLOR, 2700. aaaa. Nuchal and other filaments undescribed; a black ocellus on front of dorsal. D. XX, 11; scaies 46. BIGUTTATUS, 2701. 2698. MALACOCTENUS OCELLATUS (Steindachner). Head 4 to 44; depth 5 to 53. D.XXI, 8; A.II, 8; scales 38; eye 44 to 5 in head; snout 53; interorbital width 10. Body elongate; the snout short; profile not steep; tentacle above eye very slender, none on nape. Maxillary 4 long as head, reaching posterior margin of eye. Teeth on jaws and vomer in 1 row, none on palatines. Dorsal with a notch between the spines and soft rays; spines all short, the longest not 4 head, the anterior shortest; the longest soft rays 1} in head; dorsal slightly joined to base of caudal; ventral and caudal each 1} in head; pectoral almost as long as head. Lateral line complete, strongly arched anteriorly. Color brownish; 8 pairs of narrow dark-brown cross bands on the body, most distinct above, sometimes broken up into cross spots; first membrane of the dorsal fin with black spot behind, sometimes a sim- ilar one, oval and indigo, behind eye; numerous sky-blue spots bordered with darker on sides of head and part of body; anal pale violet, edged with white, sometimes spotted; caudal gray, with darker spots in cross rows. Bahama Islands. Length 2 inches. (Steindachner.) Not seen by Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2357 us. Perhaps not a member of this genus; the large scales, entire spinous dorsal, and short soft dorsal, indicating affinities with Starksia, which has, however, a different dentition. It may prove to be the type of a distinct genus. (ocellatus, with eye-like spots. ) Clinus ocellatus, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., V, 182, 1876, Bahama Islands. 2694. MALACOCTENUS VARIUS (Poey). Head 3? in total length; depth 44. D. XX, 12; “A. 18; C.14; pectoral 1? in head; eye 33 in head, equal to snout. Mouthsmall; maxillary reaching opposite front of eye; profile prolonged; nostrils small, not tubular. Teeth firm, in 1 row, the points sharp and incurved; no teeth on vomer; a tentacle over eye, none at the nape; head naked; body scaly; lat- eral line short; dorsal beginning over middle of opercle, the spinous part forming a sinuous curve; the spines firm; the first higher than the 4 which follow; the last low; the next to the last lower than the last; soft dorsal higher than the spines; ventral rays apparently 2, the last one deeply divided. Color clear yellowish; the body spotted with black; an isolated spot at the end of the dorsal fin; vertical fins with all the rays dotted with black; pectoral pale, without specks. Length52mm. Cuba. (Poey.) Notseen by us. (varius, variegated.) Myxodes varius, PoEy, Enumeratio, 132, pl. 5, f.2,1875, Havana. (Coll. Rafael Arango.) 2695. MALACOCTENUS MACROPUS (Poey). Head 44 in total length with caudal; depth 5}. D. XXI, 11; A. I, 20; P.17; eye 4 longer than snout, 3} in head. Maxillary reaching front of eye. Teeth in 1 series, acute, not close-set; none on the vomer or palatines; no cilia over the eye nor on the nape; lateral line almost com- plete; ventrals as long as the depth of the trunk; first dorsal spine long- est, the others forming a weak curve. Color uniform metallic coppery brown. Cuba (Poey); one specimen 35 mm. long. The type of this species examined by us in the Mus. Comp. Zool. It has scales 35; no hook on the shoulder girdle, and apparently no teeth on vomer or palatines. (uaxpos, long; wovs, foot.) Myzxodes macropus, POEY, Synopsis, I, 99, 1868, Havana. (Coll. Poey.) 2696. MALACOCTENUS LUGUBRIS (Poey). D. XVII, 9; A. 20. Tentacle over eye; a filiform appendage on the side of the neck. Ventral very long, extending much beyond the vent. Dorsal fin with 2 depressions, the soft part short and very high, the first spine moderate. Cvlor dark brown, with oblique vertical bands and brown points scattered over the head and trunk; a black spot at the base of the first 3 dorsalmembranes; ventralentirely white. Cuba. Onespeci- men 55mm. long. (Poey.) Notseenbyus. (lugubris, dismal, from the dark color.) Myxodes lugubris, PokY, Enumeratio, 131, 1875, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) 2358 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2697. MALACOCTENUS GILLII (Steindachner). Head 44; depth 43; eye 4 in head; snout 3}; interorbital 6 inhead. D. XIX, 11; A. II,17;P.14; scales43. Head pointed, conic anteriorly; snout longer than eye; arather high tentacle above the eye, slender and split to the base, numerous others on the side of the nape; teeth not described. First three dorsal spines wider apart than others, first longest; eighth to tenth spines highest, + head; highest soft ray 14 in head; dorsal deeply notched. Body greenish gray, with brown spots or faint cross bands; head and dorsal marbled with darker; ventrals white, the longest ray a little longer than head, reaching anal; anal edged with dark; pec- toral as long as head. Barbados. Two specimens, the larger 2 inches long. (Steindachner.) This species may be a Labrisomus. (Named for Dr. Theodore Gill.) Clinus gillii, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Notizen, vi, 46, 1867, Barbados. 2698. MALACOCTENUS BIMACULATUS (Steindachner). Head 42; depth 44. D.XX,10; A. II, 19; ventral 3; scales 44. Near to M. delalandi, but the body deeper (said to be 54 in the latter species, which is not the case). Profile to snout steep; eye a little shorter than snout, 34 in head; jaws equal, each like the vomer with » row of teeth; max- illary reaching about to front of pupil. Interorbital space narrow, more than 4 width of eye; avery slender, rather long, bifid tentacle above eye; tentacles on the nape, upper 1 almost as long as tentacle above eye. Upper margin of dorsal weakly notched between first and fifth spines, more deeply between spines and soft rays, the former as in WV. delalandi; longest soft rays 14 in head; longest spines 2 in head; first 4 spines more widely separated than the others; pectoral and ventral as long as head; caudal a little shorter. Body brown, with dark-brown bands and numerous black- ish spots, only the cross bands on the head strongly marked; tips of the anal rays whitish; above these a bluish violet streak; pectoral with 2 milk-white spots at base; a large black isolated spot at the base of the first 4 dorsal spines, a second on the last 4 spines, extending on the body; anal and caudal thickly spotted with brown. Small rocky islands to the north of Cuba. (Steindachner.) Not seen by us; evidently close to Mal- _ acoctenus delalandi, but the scales larger. (bis, two; maculatus, spotted.) Olinus bimaculatus, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., v, 180, 1876, small, rocky islands north of Cuba. : 2699. MALACOCTENUS DELALANDI (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 34; depth 34 to 44. D.IV-XVI, 11; A. II, 18; scales 55. Form rather stout, compressed; snout not very short, rather pointed, the profile gibbous above the eyes, thence declining straight to the tip of the snout; mouth rather small, the maxillary reaching front of eye; teeth in a single series in each jaw; vomer with a few teeth, none on palatines; eye large, 34 in head, as long as snout; small slender cirri above the eyes, and a fringe of moderately long filaments at the nape rather longer than the orbital cirri. Outline of spinous dorsal emarginate; first spine a little longer than eye, the second, third, and fourth progressively shortened, the ee a Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2359 fifth again longer; the eighth to eleventh spines longest, thence gradually decreasing to the next to the last, which is much shorter than the last; soft dorsal rays considerably higher than the spines, the longest about 4 length of head; anal long, not very high, the membrane deeply notched between all but the last 6 rays, which are the highest. Pectorals % length of head; ventrals as long as from snout to edge of preopercle. Belly naked anteriorly; the scales small, cycloid; lateral line complete. Color olivaceous, darker above, much mottled and speckled with clear dark brown; sides with 5 distinct irregular dark-brown bars, extending from base of dorsal to level of lower margin of pectoral, their lower edges con- nected by a vague undulating longitudinal band; a blackish blotch on occipital region, and black blotches on cheeks, opercles, and before base of pectoral; opercle with several narrow pinkish streaks; head below with narrow streaks formed by series oi dark-brown spots; an interrupted brown bar across lower jaw; belly unspotted; ventrals pale; other fins all barred with narrow series of dark-brown dots; anal somewhat dusky. Coast of Brazil and the west coast of Mexico; common. Here described from the types of Clinus zonifer. This is the most abundant denizen of the rock pools around Mazatlan, with the single exception of Gobius soporator, reaching a length of 3 to 5 inches. We are unable to separate M. zonifer from Mazatlan from Bahia examples of WV. delalandi, and take our account from specimens of the former. (Named for Delalande, who col- lected for Cuvier in Brazil.) Clinus delalandii, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 378, 1836, Brazil (Coll. Delalande); GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 264, 1861. Clinus zonifer, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 361, Mazatlan. (Coll. C.H. Gilbert.) Clinus philipii, LOCKINGTON, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1881,114; not of STEINDACHNER. Labrisomus delalandi, JORDAN, Proc, U. 5. Nat. Mus. 1888, 333. 2700. MALACOCTENUS VERSICOLOR (Poey). Head 34; depth 33. D.XVIII,12; A.20. Body compressed; head mod- erate; snout prolonged; pectoral 1} in head; ventral 12; eye large, as long as snout, 34 in head; nostrils not tubular; mouth small; maxillary not reaching so far as eye; teeth firm, in 1 row, those above much larger and slightly curved backward; 12 teeth above and 9 below on each side [no teeth on vomer]; no tentacle over eye; no anal papilla; a comb of filiform tentacles on each side of the neck; bead naked; body scaly; lateral line short; dorsal with 2 depressions, the first spine higher than the 4 which follow, the depressions much more marked than in MV. varius; pectoral reaching beyond front of anal. Color yellowish brown; head, trunk, and fins varied with vertical brown bands and large brown spots; ventrals yellowish. On the figure the 5 bands behind the anal cross the body and extend on the vertical fins. Cuba. One specimen known, 53 mm. in length. (Poey.) Apparently very close to M. delalandi, but lacking the orbital tentacle, and, according to Poey, vomerine teeth also. (versi- color, variegated. ) Mysxodes versicolor,* Pory, Enumeratio, 131, pl. 5, f.1,1875,Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) * This species and its affines were referred by Poey to Myzxodes, a South American genus allied to Clinus and Gibbonsia, but differing from the latter in its uniserial teeth. 2360 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2701. MALACOCTENUS BIGUTTATUS (Cope). Dorsal XIX-I,11; anal II,16; The first dorsal spines the longest, last spine longer than penultimate; length of head without opercular flap, 3% times in length (exclusive of caudal fin); eye a little less than + length of head, ? greater than interorbital width; pectoral fin reaching to fifth anal; scales large, 4-46-10 [cirri and teeth not described]. Pale reddish brown, humeral red-veined; rufous specks on anterior part of sides; 7 subquadrate brown blotches from nape to caudal fin, continued with interruptions as lateral bands, the fourth near end of spinous dorsal black; a black spot at base of membrane between first to third dorsal spines; 2 small brown spots behind orbit, the posterior on operculum. Length 2.25 inches. This species is well distinguished from Labrisomus nuchipinnis by the large scales, form of dorsal fin, coloration, ete. From New Providence, Bahamas; Dr. H. C. Wood’s collection. Also a very small specimen from Dr. Rijgersma, St. Martins. (Cope.) Not seen by us. (bis, two; guttatus, spotted.) Labrisomus biguttatus, COPE, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 1873, 473, New Providence, Bahama Islands. (Coll. Dr. H.C. Wood.) 873. LABRISOMUS,* Swainson. Labrisomus, SWAINSON, Nat. Hist. Class’n Fishes, 0, 277, 1839 (pectinifer). Lepisoma, DE Kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 41, 1842 (cirrhoswm). Labrosomus, GILL, amended spelling. ? Blennioclinus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 103 (brachycephalus). 2Auchenionchus (misprinted Anchenionchus), GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 193 (variolosus). ? Calliclinus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 103 (geniguttatus). ? Ophthalmolophus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 104 (latipinnis). * Concerning this genus and its affines, Dr. Gill remarks: “The name ‘Labrosomus (or Labrisomus) was first published in 1839, in the second volume of the ‘Natural History of Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles.’ At theseventy-fifth page of that volume, Swainson has divided the Cuvieran genus Clinus into 5 genera: Clinus, of which the Clinus acuminatus, Cuvier, is taken as the type; Labrisomus with Clinus pectin- ifer, Valenciennes, as type; Lripterygion, Risso, Olinitrachus, Reese, which is typified by Blennius variabilis of Rafinesque, and Blennophis, of which the Clinus anguillaris, Valen- ciennes is the only true species. Of these genera, Clinws Swainson, and Olinitrachus Swain- son, are distinguished by false or illusive characters, and cannot be regarded as distinct. The others are valid, but their characters require revision. The only claim to distinction of the genus Labrosomus given by Swainson, is founded on the strong, conic, and pointed row of front teeth, behind which are villiform ones; a thicker body than in Olinus, and the ‘dorsal fin distinctly emarginate toward the caudal.’ The genus resting on these charac- ters alone is composed of very incongruous elements. ‘To it are referred, at page 277 of the second volume, the following species, all of which are described as species of Clinus by Valenciennes: Labrosomus gobio, L. pectinifer, L. capillatus, L. delalandii, L. lin- earis, L. variolosus, L. peruvianus, L. microcirrhis, L. ? geniguttatus, L. elegans, L. ? lit- toreusand L.latipinnis. Of these species, not more than 3 can, with propriety, be regarded as congeners, if the Labrosomus pectinifer is taken as the type. These are Labrosomus pectinifer, L. capillatus, and perhaps L. delalandii. The latter is more probably the repre- sentative of adistinct genus. That genus isdistinguished from Labrosomus by the smaller mouth, the presence of only 2 rays to the ventral fins, and perhaps by the undulating mar- gin of the spinous portion of the dorsal fin. It may be named Malacoctenus, in allusion to the pectiniform row of filaments. This genus is the nearest ally of Labrosomus. All the others are very distinct. Labrisomus gobio Swainson, is the type of quite a distinet genus, whose characters consist of a broad, depressed head, with a very short muzzle, large ap- proximated eyes, superciliary and nasal tentacles, 2 ventral rays, and a comparatively short spinous dorsal. The genus may be called Gobioclinus. The only species, Gobioclinus gobio, is found in the West Indies, and has but 18 dorsal spines. Labrisomus linearis Swainson is synonymous with Olinus brachycephalus, Valenciennes. This, also, is the type of a Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2361 Body oblong, robust; head naked, short, compressed above; mouth rather large, with a row of stout, biuntish teeth in front of each jaw, behind which is a band of smaller teeth, broadest in lower jaw; teeth on vomer, no teeth on palatines; a tentacle above the eye; sides of neck with a tuft or series of fine filaments; dorsal fin continuous, with numer- ous slender spines and many soft rays, the spines not very unequal; pec- torals long; lateral line continuous; scales moderate or small, cycloid; shoulder girdle without upturned hook-like process on its inner edge. Intestinal canal short, shorter than body. The limits of this genus are not well defined, and most of the nominal genera above named will proba- bly be found worthy of recognition. This genus differs from Clinus chiefly in the absence of the upturned spine-like processes on the inner edge of the shoulder girdle. This process is found on Clinus acuminatus, the type of the genus Clinus. (Labrus; G@ua, body.) a. Scales moderate, about 70 in lateral line (so far as known); soft dorsal with 11 to 13 rays. b. Dorsal spines‘16; anal rays 20; tentacles on nape. HERMINIER, 2702. bb. Dorsal spines 18; no teeth on palatines; first ray of dorsal not longest; or- bital tentacle well developed; nape with a conspicuous comb of fringes. d. Vomer with a cluster of small teeth. NUCHIPINNIS, 2703. dd. Vomer with 3 to 5 large blunt teeth arranged in the form of a A. XANTI, 2704. bbb. Dorsal spines 20; teeth on palatines (?); first dorsa] spine longest. BUCCIFERUS, 2705. aa. Scales very small, about 110; a comb of fringes at nape; first dorsal spines low; head with yellow spots. MICROLEPIDOTUS, 2706. 2702. LABRISOMUS HERMINIER (Le Sueur). D. XVI, 11; A.20; C.14; P.16; V.3. Body slender, compressed. Cilia on nostrils, above the eye, and on the nape; lips thick, concealing conical teeth, behind each band of smaller teeth; teeth also on the palate and on the base of the gill arches. Scales rather large. Lateral line curved from the pectoral, becoming straight thence to the tail. Color reddish brown with numerous spots; a black spot at front of spinous dorsal. distinct genus distinguished by its abbreviated and blenniform head, the profile being very convex; by the villiform teeth, the absence of supereiliary tentacles, the spinous portion of the dorsal long, and the presence of only 2 rays to the ventral fins. The name Blennioclinus is conferred on it; for the species, the specitic name of Valen- ciennes must beretained. Labrisomus variolosus is distinguished by a large thick head, with lateral eyes, short superciliary tentacles, and a small nuchal one. The mouth is large; the teeth of the jaws in an outer row strong and conical, behind which are villi- form ones; those of the vomer and palate are villiform, in 3 patches, 1 on the vomer and 1 on each palatine bone. The spinous portion of the dorsal is long, and the ventrals have each 3 rays. The species thus characterized is the type of a new genus which may be named Anchenionchus (misprint for Auchenionchus). Labrisomus microcirrhis, L. ele- ans and L. peruvianus are nearly related to Anchenionchus, and are from the same zoo- ioeient province. Labrosomus ? geniguttatus is distinguished from Anchenionchus by the more approximated eyes and by the disposition of the vomero-palatine teeth, as wellas the small size of the anterior row of maxillary teeth. The dorsal is moderately long, and each of the ventrals has 3 rays. The mouth is comparatively small, and there are super- ciliary, nasal, and nuchal tentacles. For this species the generic name Calliclinus is proposed. Labrisomus latipinnis is related to Blennioclinus, butis distinguished from the species of that genus by tke presence of superciliary tentacles. The generic name of hthalmolophus may be retained for it.” (Proc, Ac, Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 102, 103.) 3030——71 2362 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. St. Bartholomew, West Indies; known from one specimen taken among madreporic rocks. (Le Sueur.) Not recognized by any recent author; perhaps not distinct from L. nuchipinnis. Blennius herminier, LE SuEuR, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., rv, 1824, 361, St. Bartholomew. Clinus hermineri, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 380, 1836. 2703. LABRISOMUS NUCHIPINNIS (Quoy & Gaimard). Head 3}; depth 3}. D. XVIII, 12; A. II, 17; scales 70. Body oblong, rather robust; head naked, thick, short, not very obtuse anteriorly, com- pressed above; mouth rather large, the maxillaries not prolonged back- ward, extending to opposite the posterior part of eye, 24 in head; teeth on vomer and palatines; front teeth of jaws conic, strong, behind them a band of villiform teeth, broadest in lower jaw; vomer with a patch of smallish teeth; eyes large; interorbital space very narrow; each side of neck with a long series of hair-like filaments, nearly as long as eye; orbital tentacle short and broad, multifid; nostril with a tufted barbel; lower jaw slightly projecting, its posterior teeth sometimes recurved; pectorals a little shorter than head, reaching vent. Dorsal spines rather slender, the 3 anterior spines scarcely shorter than the others, all the spines lower than the soft rays; dorsal fin commencing near the nape, the spinous por- tion long; soft rays higher than the spines; caudalsmall; pectoralsrather large; ventrals moderate; gill-membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus; lateral line complete, high anteriorly, then abruptly decurved ; membranes of vertical fins scaly; scales not very small, cycloid. Reddish brown, sometimes with vertical bands; a black spot on opercle, which is often edged with white; cheeks and fins reticulate or dotted. Length 6 to 8 inches. West Indies, north to Florida Keys, south to Brazil; gener- ally common in rock pools; also recorded from the Canary Islands. (nucha, nape; pinna, fin.) Clinus nuchipinnis, Quoy & GAIMARD, Voy. Uranie et Physicienne, Zool., 255, 1824, Brazil (Coll. M.Freycinet & M. Gay); GUNTHER, Cat., Ill, 262, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Syn- opsis, 762, 1883. Olinus pectinifer, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X1, 374, 1836, Bahia. Lepisoma cirrhosum, DE Kay, N.Y. Fauna: Fishes, 41, 1842, Florida. Clinus canariensis, VALENCIENNES, in WEBB & BERTHELOT, Poiss. Iles Canaries, 60, 17, f. 3, Canary Islands. Olinus capillatus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 377, 1836, Martinique. Labrosomus pectinifer, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 105. Labrisomus capillatus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 107. 2704, LABRISOMUS XANTI, Gill. Head 34 in body; depth 34. D. XVIII,12; A. II, 18; scales 10-64 (pores)-12 (from front of straight portion of lateral line to anal); eye 44 in head, maxillary 2; highest dorsal spine 2}; pectoral 14; caudal 1%. Body not greatly elongate, compressed, anterior profile well rounded from snout to nape; mouth rather large, the maxillary reaching to below mid- dle of eye; teeth small, canine-like, growing gradually larger toward Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2363 front of upper jaw; side teeth on lower jaw very small, abruptly enlarged on front half of jaw; teeth on vomer *.-shaped, in a single row, the ones at the angles enlarged, 1 or 2 small ones between them at the sides; small multifid dermal flaps at nape, over eye, and above nostril; -interorbital concave at the middle, } the diameter of eye; gill rakers small and short, 3+6in number. First dorsal spine inserted behind eye a distance equal to diameter of eye, about } shorter than longest spine; soft dorsal the higher; origin of anal midway between snout and base of caudal, not running as far back as dorsal; pectoral reaching a little past front of anal; ventrals long and slender, inserted a little in front of pectorals, their ends not reaching vent; caudal rounded. Color in spirits, brownish gray, with about 6 wide irregular cross bars which are darker toward their edges, 2 black streaks running downward aud backward from eye; cheeks and opercles with many small light blue spots; spinous dorsal mottled and spotted with darker, other fins with small irregular dark lines running across the rays; ventrals dusky; tentacles on head black. Described from a specimen 5 inches in length from La Paz, Lower Cali- fornia. Pacific coast of Tropical America from Gulf of California to Pan- ama}; common in rock pools; representing on the Pacific coast the scarcely different L. nuchipinnis. (Named for John Xantus.) Labrosomus xanti, G11, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 107, Cerro Blanco (Type, Nos. 2334, 2335, 2478. Coll. J. Xantus); JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 368. 2705. LABRISOMUS BUCCIFERUS, Poey. Head 33 in total length with caudal; depth 5. D.XX,11; A.II,19; eye 4 in head, a little longer than snout; anterior nostril with a little tube; lower jaw longer; forehead convex, the snout short; mouth large, reaching beyond middle of eye; a few filaments on nape and 1 above preopercle. Teeth cardiform, the outer ones large; teeth on vomer (and palatines). Body sealy. Lateral line complete. First ray of dorsal longest, the others forming a convex curve up to the 19, which is shortest; pectoral moderate, of 12 rays, the lower thickened. Color brownish yellow, with vertical brown points extending on fins; a series of pale points along sides; the head gray, cheek dark brown. Onespecimen55mm.long. Cuba. (Poey.) Not seen by us. (bucca, cheek; fero, I bear). Labrisomus bucciferus, POEY, Synopsis, 399, 1868, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) 2706. LABRISOMUS MICROLEPIDOTUS, Poey. Length of head equal to depth; pectoral 13 in head; eye 12 in snout, 44 in head. Maxillary reaching to base of middle of eye, 2}inhead. Month oblique, with strong teeth; the lower jaw the longer; small fringe of ten- tacles at anterior nostril above eye, and a comb of fringes at the nape. First 3 dorsal spines subequal, considerably lower than the second 3, which become progressively longer. Scales in lateral line about 110. Head brown, with small yellow spots scattered over its lower part and on the gill membranes, Pectoral and caudal withsome black points. Cuba. 2364 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. (Poey.) Known from an imperfect description, with a drawing of the head of a specimen 180 mm. long. (sz%p6s, small; Aex1d@rds, sealy.) Labrosomus microlepidotus, Pory, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., x1x, 1880, 246, 1, 8, f. 2, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) 874. MNIERPES, Jordan & Evermann. Mnierpes, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 468, 1896 (macrocephulus). This genus is close to Labrisomus, from which it differs chiefly in the very elongate body and in the absence of an orbital tentacle. The dorsal spines are more numerous, and probably the vertebre also. The lips are thick and there is no trace of hook on the shoulder girdle. A band of fillitorm teeth in the jaws behind the anterior series; teeth on vomer, none on palatines. (jvdov, moss; £p7ns, creeper.) 2707. MNIERPES MACROCEPHALUS (Giinther). Head 44; depth 6 to 6} (74 in total). D. XXII, 12; A. II, 24; C. 13; P. 13; V. I, 3; scales about 70. The head is depressed, rather short, nearly as broad as long; crown of the head broad and flat; interorbital space concave, narrower than the orbit. Snout very short, obtuse, rounded; the maxillary not extending to behind the posterior margin of the orbit; lips thick. Teeth in jaws forming a band with an outer series of stronger ones; vomerine teeth in a narrow band; palatine teeth none. No orbital tentacles, those at the nostril and on the neck very small. Gill openings wide, the gill membranes being united at the throat. Head naked; scales on the body not very small, cycloid. Dorsal fin commencing at occiput, and terminating near base of caudal, the spines flexible, and much lower than the soft rays; the 3 anterior ones rather more remote from one another than the following; none of the rays of this or of the other fins branched; caudal rounded; anal higher posteriorly than ante riorly, about as high as the spinous dorsal; pectorals rounded, with the middle rays longest, shorter than the head; ventrals jugular, 4 as long as the pectoral, with the spine and the outer ray enveloped in a common thick membrane. Dark grayish olive; head and fins blackish; head, base of the pectoral, anterior part of the body, and dorsal dotted with white. Pacific coast of Central America. (Giinther.) Known from a few speci- mens from Panama. Those examined by us (Mus. Comp. Zool.) have the sides much freckled and mottled with pale. (axpos, long; xe¢@A7), head.) Olinus macrocephalus, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 267, 1861, Pacific coast of Central America (Coll. Capt. John M. Dow); GUNTHER, Fish. Centr. Amer., 442, pl. 69, fig. 2, 1869. Labrosomus macrocephalus, JORDAN, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. 1885, 389. 875. GOBIOCLINUS, Gill. Gobioclinus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 102 (gobio). Body robust; head broad, depressed, with a very short muzzle. Eyes large, approximated, close together; palatine teeth present; a tentacle above eye; no nuchal filaments. Scales very large, about 30 in the lateral Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2365 line. Spinous dorsal of 18 spines. This genus seems to differ from Lab- risomus in the large scales, differently formed head, and in the absence of nuchal filaments. (Gobio, the gudgeon; Clinus.) 2708. GOBLOCLINUS GOBIO (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 34 in total length; depth 44. D. XVIII, 19; A. II, 17; C. 15; P. 14; V.2; scales 30-10. Head nearly as broad as long, its height a third less. Eye large, 24 in head, twice interorbital space; avery small tentacle over the eye, another on the nostril. Profile rounded between the eyes, descending vertically to the snout, which is very short. Cheeks inflated; the skull a little rongh. Mouth reaching to opposite middle of eye, some- what black; teeth small, conic, and pointed; upper jaw with 26 equal teeth, the lower with 16, the last 2 larger and more curved; teeth on vomer and palatines, simple, in 2 irregular rows; gill membranes united, free from isthmus. Body posteriorly compressed. Dorsal slightly notched between spines and soft rays of anal; pectorals equal to ventrals, 5 in total length; caudal obtuse, 6 in total length. Lateral line disappearing opposite tip of ventral. Color greenish, with traces of cloudy brownish; the cross bands a deep brown, pointed at base of caudal. Lesser Antilles. Known from several specimens, oue 2 inches in length. (Cuvier & Valen- ciennes.) Not seen by us; apparently a strongly marked species. (Gobio, the gudgeon, from its resemblance to Cottus gobio, the miller’s thumb.) Clinus gobio, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X1, 395, 1836, Lesser Antilles. (Coll. Plée.) Gobioclinus gobio, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 102. 876. STARKSIA, Jordan & Evermann. Starksia, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 231 (eremnobates). This genus is related to Labrisomus, differing in the large scales, the presence of palatine teeth, the short soft dorsal fin, and the absence of the comb of nuchal filaments. (Named for Mr. Edwin Chapin Starks, in recognition of his work on the fishes of Western America. ) 2709. STARKSIA CREMNOBATES (Gilbert). Head 34 in length; depth 42. D. XXI or XXII, 8; A. II, 19; scales 37. In appearance resembling very strongly the species of the genus Auchen- opterus. Body slender, snout sharp, the jaws equal; mouth wide, oblique, the maxillary reaching vertical from posterior margin of orbit, 24 in head. Teeth small, villiform, forming a band in front of upper jaw, the outer series enlarged; in lower jaw asingle series laterally, becoming double in front; similar teeth on vomer and palatines. Eye longer than snout, 4 in head; interorbital width less than diameter of pupil; opercle ter- minating in an evenly convex process behind, without spinous points; gill membranes broadly united, free from isthmus; no hook on inner edge of shoulder girdle; nostrils with a flap; a single slender filament above eye and 1 or more on each side of the nape. A slight notch between first 2366 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, and third dorsal spines and another between the eighteenth and twenty- first spines; the spines are low and strong, the highest equaling the snout and 4 eye; soft rays higher, the longest equaling 4 head; caudal short, rounded, entirely free from dorsal and anal; anal similar to soft dorsal, the first 2 rays spinous; ventrals inserted well in advance of pectorals, each consisting of 1 spine and 2 soft rays, which are joined only at base; pectorals pointed, the lower rays the longest, 1} in head. Scales large, cycloid, the lateral line running high in front, descending to middle of sides immediately behind pectorals, thence running straight to tail. In the types, which are probably immature, the pores are not developed on posterior part of body. Color in spirits, uniform light olivaceous, a small dusky spot behind orbit and 1 below and behind it; opercle dusky. In 1 specimen the rays of soft dorsal, anal, and caudal are finely barred with dusky. (Gilbert.) Length 14 inches. Gulf of California. Twospe- cimens known, from Albatross Station 3001, in 71 fathoms. (Cremnobates; xpnuvoparns, one that haunts rocks; a synonym of Auchenopterus.) Labrosomus cremnobates, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 100, Gulf of California. (Coll. Albatross). Starksia cremnobates, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 231. 877. CRYPTOTREMA, Gilbert. Oryptotrema, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 101 (corallinum). This genus differs from Labrisomus chiefly in the absence of nuchal fila- ments and in the modified anterior portion of the lateral line, which runs on a series of enlarged scales having no externally visible pores. (xpumrds, concealed; rp7ua, pore.) 2710. CRYPTOTREMA CORALLINUM, Gilbert. Head 34 to 4 in length; depth 534. D.XXVII,12; A.II,27. Body elon- gate, regularly tapering backward to caudal peduncle, whose depth equals length of snout, which is sharp; mouth nearly horizontal; maxillary reaching middle of eye or beyond, 2} to 24 in head; teeth strong, but none of them enlarged, in a single series in jaws laterally, becoming double anteriorly; teeth on vomer and in a small distinct patch on front of palatines; eyes large, the interorbital space flat, nearly + diameter of orbit; orbit slightly exceeding length of snout, 3} in head; branchios- tegal membranes broadly united, free from isthmus, the posterior edge on vertical from preopercular margin; anterior nostril in a short tube, a slender flap arising from its posterior margin; a pair of simple slender filaments arising from the upper edge of each orbit, 1 on each side of nape, none others on head; gill rakers very short and weak; shoulder girdle without hook on its inner edge. Scales rather large, cycloid, the head alone naked; lateral line in its upper anterior portion without externally visible tubes, its position shown by a series of enlarged scales twice the size of the others; on these the tubes are wholly on the under side, each opening anteriorly by a single pore under the edge of the pre- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2367 ceding scale; anteriorly the lateral line runs near the back and parallel with it, becoming suddenly declined behind middle of trunk, thence run- ning on middle of side; the oblique portion of lateral line rests on about 7 scales, and the externally visible tubes of lateral line begin at this point; posterior portion of lateral line contained 14 to 1} in dorsal portion; scales of lateral line, 45 in dorsal portion, 7 in oblique portion, and 18 in posterior portion. A slight notch behind fourth dorsal spine, the second and third spines slightly longer than those following, the first little longer than the fourth, the longest spine about 2} in head; first 2 anal rays spinous, but weak and flexible; last dorsal and anal rays not joined by membrane to caudal peduncle, the depth of the latter equaling the length of its free portion; ventrals long and narrow, nearly reaching vent in males, consisting of 1 spine and 3 simple rays; pectorals with some of the lower rays longest, 1} in head; all of pectoral rays simple, 14 in number; caudal fin truncate, 1} tu 1} in head. Length 5 inches. Color dusky olive above, with irregular narrow longitudinal streaks of bright coral red, and 7 round black blotches above middle of sides; reticulating red lines and spots on top and sides of head and snout; branchiostegal mem- branes dusky in males; 2 red streaks on base of pectorals; dorsal some- what dusky, marked with lines of red spots; caudal with 3 rather faint cross bars; pectorals, ventrals, and anal largely black in males, pale in females; the red shades persistent in alcohol. Santa Barbara Islands. Three specimens from Albatross Station 2945, in 30 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (Corallina, a caleareous alga, among which it lives.) Cryptotrema corallinum, GILBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1890, 101, off Santa Barbara Islands. (Coll. C. H. Gilbert.) 878. EXERPES, Jordan & Evermann. Exerpes, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 232 (asper). Body slender, much compressed; the snout long, sharp in profile; first dorsal ribbon-shaped, the 3 slender spines close tugether, inserted at the nape, much in advance of the rest of the fin; ventrals very long and slender. Otherwise as in Auchenopterus, the scales large, and but 1 soft ray in the dorsal fin. (é&w, without; ép77s, creeper.) 2711. EXERPES ASPER (Jenkins & Evermann). Head 3 (33 in total); depth 54 (64); eye 4! in head; scales 6-43-7, about 40 pores. D. III-XXV,1; A. II, 20. Body compressed; head nar- row, pointed; snout long, lower jaw slightly the longer; mouth a little oblique, cleft moderate, maxillary not reaching nearly to vertical at front of orbit. Teeth in 1 well-defined outer series and a broken inner one, those in the outer series strongest and of pretty uniform size, short and broad; vomerine teeth in a single patch; no palatine teeth. No tentacles of any kind about the head. Profile nearly straight from snout to origin of first dorsal, but very slightly arched from there to base of caudal fin. Scales rather large, cycloid, about 6 rows between origin of second dor- sal and lateral line just behind its angle, and about 7 from there to mid- 2368 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. dle of ventral surface; 9 rows from origin of second dorsal to upper limb of opercle; entire head, opercles, and fins naked. Lateral line beginning at upper limb of opercle on a level with the pupil, almost exactly under the middle of the first dorsal fin, and a little more than + the distance from top of nape to the under side of the throat, arching gently for 7 or 8 scales, leaving but 1 row of scales between it and the first spines of the second dorsal; on the ninth, tenth, and eleventh scales it bears slightly downward until 2 rows are left between it and the dorsal, then a sharp turn is made which puts it 4 scales further down, and from there it pursues a nearly direct line to middle of base of caudal fin. Dorsal fins separate, the first of 3 slender, very close-set, flexible spines, their length about twice in that of head, the fin ribbon-shaped; second dorsal separated from first by a distance somewhat greater than diameter of eye, and composed of 25 rather stout, sharp spines and 1 terminal soft ray; the first 3 are gradu- ated, the first being contained 1} times in distance between the 2 fins, the second is about } longer, and the third still a little longer; the remaining 22 are of approximately equal length, about equaling distance from origin of first dorsal to that of second; the 1 soft ray somewhat shorter than spines, well separated from caudal by a space equal to that between dor- sals; pectorals inserted under middle of space separating dorsals, com- posed of 14 rays, equaling eye and snout in length, and reaching slightly past origin of anal; ventral of 2 rays inserted directly under origin of first dorsal and considerably in front of pectorals, which they somewhat exceed in length, in some specimens reaching vent; anal fin beginning slightly in front of posterior end of pectorals, a little lower than second dorsal and reaching a trifle nearer to caudal fin; first spine longer and more slender than the first regular dorsal spine, while the second equals the third dorsal in length. Caudal rounded, equaling in length the greatest depth of fish. Coloration in alcohol, pale, pretty regularly covered with very fine dark punctulations, thickest on back, palest below; a large dark opercular blotch, 2 similar postocular blotches, and usually a darkish bar extends downward from eye; upper half of preorbital region dark, outer margin of jaws dark; breast and under parts of head pale, top of head and nape dark; first dorsal quite dark, almost black; second dorsal pale, obscurely mottled with brown, which is disposed in about 5 indistinct areas; a large black ocellus upon the twelfth and thirteenth spines of sec- ond dorsal, and a similar one upon the twenty-third and twenty-fourth spines; each ocellus is surrounded by a narrow circle of white or pale orange. In the 6 specimens before us there is a slight variation as to the exact position of the 2 ocelli; in 1 example the second ocellus extends back upon the twenty-fifth spine also, but in every case the twelfth and thirteenth and the twenty-third and twenty-fourth are the spines which most evidently locate the spots; pectorals and ventrals plain; anal paler than dorsal, sparsely covered with fine dark points, so grouped as to form 3or4 darker areas, Length 2} inches, Gulf of California. Known from 6 specimens taken from masses of kelp hauled out by the seine from the bay of Guaymas. (Jenkins & Evermann.) (asper, rough.) Auchenopterus asper, JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 154, Guaymas, Mexico. (Type, No. 39643, Coll. Jenkins & Evermann.) . Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2369 879. AUCHENOPTERUS, Giinther. Auchenopterus, GUNTHER, Cat., III, 275, 1861 (monophthalmus). Oremnobates, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1861, 374 (monophthalmus). Substitute for Auchenopterus, regarded as preoccupied on account of its similarity to Auchenipterus, a genus of Siluride. J Corallicola, JORDAN & EVERMANN, new subgenus (marmoratus). Body moderately elongate, compressed, covered with rather large, cycloid scales; head shortish, naked, the snout rather pointed; cheeks full; mouth moderate, with a band of conical teeth in the jaws and about 1 series on the vomer, none on the palatines; lower jaw prominent; gill membranes united, free from the isthmus; upper surface of head with tentacles. Dorsal fin composed of stiff spines, with but a single soft ray, which is lower than the spines; first 3 spines more or less separated from the others, stiff and rather wider set, sometimes higher than the others; anal fin low, with 2 short spines; ventrals jugular, well developed; pectorals broad; lateral line complete, strongly curved anteriorly. Warmseas. This genus differs from Cristiceps in having but 1 soft ray in the dorsal fin, and in the large scales. (avynv, nape; 1TEpor, fin.) CORALLICOLA (Corallus, coral; colo, I inhabit): a. First 3 or 4 spines of dorsal forming a separate fin, being much higher than any of the spines in the posterior part of the fin; snout rather acute. b. Seales 33; dorsal with 1 ocellus, anal with none; a black cross bar at base of caudal; a yellow spot behind eye; snout pointed. NIGRIPINNIS, 2712. bb. Scales 37 or 38. c. First dorsal spine longer than second; dorsal with 2 ocelli; anal blackish; D.IV-XXIV, 1. ALTIVELIS, 2713. cc. First dorsal spine shorter than second; snout slender, very acute; caudal pale; dorsal with 2 ocelli, anal with 1; D. I1I-X XII, 1. MARMORATUS, 2714. AUCHENOPTERUS: aa. First 3 spines of dorsal scarcely forming a separate fin, none of them higher than the posterior spines; snout not very acute; anal without ocellus. d. Caudal fin pale, usually with a dark bar at its base; a notch between third and fourth dorsal spines. a e. Dorsal spines about 31. f. Scales 34 to 36; membrane of third spine joining fourth at its base; dorsal and anal plain dusky. AFFINIS, 2715. Sf. Seales 38. g. Membrane of third spine joining fourth slightly above its base. MONOPHTHALMUS, 2716. gg. Membrane of third spine joining fourth spine much above its base. INTEGRIPINNIS, 2717. ee. Dorsal spines about 28; membrane of third spine joining fourth above its base; scales 38; body with distinct cross bars; dorsal with 1 ocellus. FASCIATUS, 2718. dd. Caudal fin black; body chiefly black; head mottled with whitish; membrane of third dorsal fin joining fourth near its summit, the fin not notched; dorsal spines 30; dorsal with 2 ocelli. NOX, 2719. Subgenus CORALLICOLA, Jordan & Evermann. 2712. AUCHENOPTERUS NIGRIPINNIS (Steindachner). Head 4; depth 54. D. XXVIII, 1; A. II, 27; scales 33; eye 44 in head; snout 44, equal to interorbital space; snout pointed. Three first dorsal spines higher than the others and further apart. A tentacle over eye. 2370 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Scales of body much largest anteriorly; lateral line arched. A deep black spot with a white ring between the twenty-second and twenty-fourth spines; anal edged with white; black cross band at base of caudal with silvery point at upper base of pectoral; a diffuse yellowish spot below and behind eye. Barbados. One specimen 1 inch and 7 lines long. (Stein- dachner); not seen by us. (niger, black; pinnis, fin.) Olinus nigripinnis, STEINDACHNER, Ich. Notizen, VI, 46, 1867, Barbados. 2713. AUCHENOPTERUS ALTIVELIS (Lockington). D.IV-XXIV,1; A.21; P.13; C.13; V.2; scales 37. Body compressed, greatest depth a little behind pectoral axil; greatest thickness at gill cov- ers; dorsal and abdominal profiles of similar curvature, decreasing regu- larly to the caudal fin; profile of occiput and snperorbital regions convex ; snout somewhat produced, its upper outline slightly concave. Head 4 in total length; greatest depth a little less than length of head; caudal pe- dunecle about } of the greatest depth. Eye round, lateral, with a slight direction upward, its diameter less than the length of the snout; interor- bital area nearly equal in width to the diameter of the eye, concave trans- versely, upper orbital borders slightly raised. A short nasal tentacle slightly anterior to the front margin of theeye; a large fimbriated tentacle on each side of the first dorsal ray. Cleft of mouth oblique, the lower jaw the longer; the posterior convex extremity of the club-shaped maxil- lary about vertical with the center of the pupil. Teeth of the outer row regular, sharp, incurved, the largest in front, gradually decreasing along the lateral portions of the jaws, and not extending much past the middle of their length; a narrow band of small teeth in the rear of the outer row; vomerine teeth present. Branchiostegals 6; gill openings continuons, membranes not attached to the isthmus. Distance from first ray of dorsal to posterior margin of eye equal to length of snout; first 2 rays of dorsal much developed, the first slightly the longer, and nearly equal in height to the distance of its base from the tip of the upper jaw; third ray about 3 the length of the first; fourth very short; succeeding rays to the twenty-sixth longer than the third, the last 3 somewhat decreasing. Anal commencing under eleventh dorsal ray, coterminous with, and equal in height to, the dorsal. Caudal with 13 simple jointed rays, the longest in the center, posterior margin convex. Pectorals narrow, lanceolate, the fifth and sixth rays longest and + the length of the head. Ventrals inserted in advance of the pectorals. Lateral jine with 37 simple pores, parallel with dorsal outline to opposite the origin of the anal, where itis deflected almost perpendicularly downward to the middle of the side of the body, along which it continues to its termination. Scales rather large, about 10 in a transverse row in the central part of the body, their posterior margin membranaceous; no scales on fins; a line of pores around the margin of the orbit, another along the posterior margin of the preoperculum, con- nected with each other and with the lateral line by a line from the center of the hinder border of the eye. Color in aleohol, bright pink above, becoming dusky below; underside of head light olivaceous, lower lip Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2371 blackish; dorsal pink, dusky on its margin, a black spot on the fourth ray, and another on its hinder part upon the twenty-fourth and twenty- fifth rays, the latter spot extending on to the body; membrane of anal black; occipital tentacles black. La Paz, Lower California. A single specimen, 1,9; inches long, dredged at a depth of 22 fathoms. (Lockington.) (altus, high; velum, sail.) Cremnobates altivelis, LOCKINGTON, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1881, 116, La Paz, Lower Cal- ifornia. (Coll. W.J. Fisher.) : 2714. AUCHENOPTERUS- MARMORATUS (Steindachner). Head 3? to 3! in body; depth 34 to 33. D. I[I-XXII, 1; A. II, 19; scales 2-36-9 (28 or 29 anteriorly); eye 4 to 5 in head; first dorsal 1}; pectoral 14. Body comparatively deep, compressed, the back somewhat arched; head pointed; mouth large, the maxillary extending to behind the eye, 2 in head; opercle with a sharp spine; jaws equal; teeth pointed, in narrow bands, the outer larger; vomerine teeth in 1 row; supraocular tentacle small, about as large as nuchal tentacle; no nasal tentacle. Pectoral a little shorter than head; dorsals separate, the first dorsal higher than sec- ond dorsal, the spines of which are about } head. Color in life of varying shades of olive gray or sand color, with a series of whitish blotches on head and along sides; markings on dorsal and anal whitish; 2 dark-blue ocelli on dorsal and 1 on anal, these edged with orange and interiorly with black; ventrals, pectorals, and caudal whitish, barred with clear orange red; first dorsal black at tip; a curved blackish line at base of caudal; lower side of head yellowish brown, with whitish bands; specimens from coral reefs more spotted. Florida Keys to Cuba; common in the eelgrass at Key West. Our specimens, 2 to 24 inches long, taken at Key West and Havana. (marmoratus, marbled.) Oremnobates marmoratus, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitrige, v, 174, pl. 12, f.6, 1876,a small rocky island north of Cuba; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 962, 1883; JORDAN & GIL- BERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 142. Subgenus AUCHENOPTERUS. 2715. AUCHENOPTERUS AFFINIS (Steindachner). Head 4; depth 42. D.III-XXVII, 1; A. 11,19; V.I, 2; scales 33 to 35. Form of A. integripinnis; maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of eye; a fringed tentacle above eye and 1 on each side of occiput. First dor- sal low, its longest (second) ray shorter than the highest of second dorsal; membrane of third spine joining the fourth spine just above its base; last ray of second dorsal joined by membrane to base of caudal. Dark brown, paler than in 4. nox, but darker and more uniform than in Auchen- opterus fasciatus; lower side of head pearly gray, thickly speckled with darker; sides with 5 very faint darker cross bands; dorsal and anal dusky, the latter with a pale edge; between the eighteenth and twenty-second dorsal spines a large dark spot ocellated with yellowish; caudal yeliowish white, with darker cross streaks, a blackish band at its base; pectoral 2372 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, dusky at base, its posterior half yellowish, with darker cross streaks; ven- tral similar; a wedge-shaped, whitish band extending backward from eye to opercle. West Indies; recorded from Key West and St. Thomas. Here described from specimens from Key West. (affinis, related,—to A. monophthalmus. ) Oremnobates afinis, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitrige, v, 178, 1876, St. Thomas; JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 142; JoRDAN, Cat. Fishes N. A., 121, 1885. 2716. AUCHENOPTERUS MONOPHTHALMOS, Giinther. Head 34; depth 4. D. III-XXVI, 1; A. II, 18; scales 2-32-9; eye 5 in head; maxillary 14; pectoral 14; caudal 14. Body compressed, deepest at middle of pectorals; head moderately pointed, the upper profile slightly and cvenly convex; mouth large, maxillary reaching past eye; jaws subequal; teeth villiform, in bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; interorbital space flat, as wide as eye; a multifid dermal flap over poste- rior edge of eye, and a smaller one on each side of nape; head naked; body with rather large, regular scales; fins naked. Origin of dorsal over edge of preopercle, the first 3 spines separated from rest of fin by a rather deep notch, the membrane from third spine joining fourth spine at about its middle; spines of posterior part of dorsal the highest; front of anal midway between tip of snout and base of caudal, tips of last rays reach- ing slightly beyond base of caudal and tips of last dorsal rays; pectorals reaching front of anal; ventrals long and slender, inserted in frent of base of pectorals a distance equal to 1} eye; caudal rounded. Color light gray- ish red or brown, with about 6 cross bars of darker brown, running up on dorsal; between the bars are scattered milky white irregular spots; a black spot, ocellated with white, on front of dorsal, a similar spot near posterior end, sometimes duplicated; narrow cross bars on anal; a dark bar on base of caudal, and a dark blotch on base of pectoral. Here described from specimens, a couple of inches in length, from La Paz, Lower California. Gulf of California to Panama, abundant in rock pools, creep- ing about among Corallina; close to A. integripinnis, but the first dorsal higher and more separate from rest of fin. (sd6vos, one; 0¢4aAu05, eye, from the dorsal ocellus.) Auchenopterus monophthalmus, GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 111, 275, 1861, Panama; JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 501. Cremnobates monophthalmus, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1861, 374; GUNTHER, Fish. Centr. Amer., 442, pl. 69, fig. 1, 1869. 2717. AUCHENOPTERUS INTEGRIPINNIS (Rosa Smith). Head 3}; depth 44; eye 4 in head. D.III-XXVII, 1; A. II, 20; scales 2-36-9; pectoral 14; candal14. Head stout, broad, conical; mouth little oblique, maxillary reaching posterior margin of eye; eyes large; nasal, supraocular and nuchal regions with fringed cirri, those at the nape flap- like. First and second dorsal spines low, a little higher than the third, which, in turn, is higher than the fourth and separated from it by an interspace, the membrane between the third and fourth spines not deeply Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2373 emarginate, membrane from third spine attached to the lower 3 of fourth; anterior spines not forming a separate fin; highest anterior spine not higher than the highest of the posterior part of fin. Color dark brown, variegated with different shades of brown and reddish; about 5 indistinct dark cross bars; a distinct ocellated black spot on posterior part of dor- sal fin; caudal fin abruptly translucent, speckled, a black bar at its base; base of pectorals violet, bordered with black, the rest of the fin check- ered; ventrals barred. Length 2} inches. Coast of California and south- ward to Todos Santos; abundant in rock pools among Corallina. Here described from a specimen, 1} inches in length, from San Cristobal, Lower California. (integer, entire; pinna, fin.) Cremnobates integripinnis, ROSA SMITH, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 147, La Jolla, near San Diego (Coll. Rosa Smith); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 764, 1883. 2718. AUCHENOPTERUS FASCIATUS (Steindachner). Head 4; depth 44. D. III-XXIV, 1; A. II, 18; scales 37. Body rather slender, a little deeper than in A. integripinnis, the snout less acute than in A. marmoratus. First dorsal spine rather higher than second and lower than the spines of posterior part of fin; membrane of third spine joining second dorsal at a point above its base, the two parts of the fin therefore separated only by an emargination. Tentacle above eye slender, small; cirri on side of occiput bluish. In life, light pinkish brown, much mottled, and with traces of 6 to 8 faint darker bars; head and its cirri above whit- ish; 3 blackish spots behind eye, radiating from it, the lower one largest; preopercle with 3 dark dots; dorsal pale, with 9 blackish blotches, in the next to the last of which is a large blue-black ocellus, edged with orange; anal with 5 dark blotches and no ocellus; a blackish bar across base of caudal; rest of caudal and pale part of anal with dark dots; ventrals whitish, barred with black; pectoral similar, its base with a whitish area, which has a brown center, below which is a small black spot. Length 2 inches. Florida Straits; north to Key West. Here described from speci- mens from Key West. (fasciatus, banded.) Oremnobdates fasciatus, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitrige, v, 176, 1876, Florida Straits; Jor- DAN, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 142; JoRDAN, Cat. Fishes N. A., 121, 1885. 2719. AUCHENOPTERUS NOX (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 33; depth 33. D.III-XXVII; A. II, 18; lateral line with 34 tubes. Snout not very acute, the upper and Jower profiles of head nearly evenly convex; mouth large, maxillary reaching slightly beyond eye, 4 length of head; eye large, equaling length of snout, greater than interorbital width, 4 in head (to end of opercular spine); interorbital width 4} in head; nasal, supraorbital, and occipital tentacles present, those on snout and above the orbits simple, slender filaments, the latter about as long as diame- ter of orbit, 1 of them divided to the base, the other simple; the ten- tacle on each side of nape a compressed slip of skin higher than wide, the margin uneven, but not fringed, Anterior dorsal spines not much elevated, 2374 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. not higher than some of the posterior spines; the first and second spines about equal, 2} in head; the third spine shorter, about equal in length to the fourth, from which it is separated by a wide membrane, which is, however, not at all notched; the spines thence increase in length toward the last; caudal 14 in head; pectorals reaching anal, nearly equaling length of head; ventrals not reaching vent, 1}; in head. Scales large, 4 series above lateral line and 4 below. Color, body and fins uniform black- ish brown; afew small silvery-white specks on dorsal region, mostly along base of dorsal fin; head and base of pectoral fin with light pink areas and mottlings; snout pink above; nape with a pink cross bar; a dark streak upward and backward from eye to nape; a light streak from eye back- ward to opercle and 1 backward and downward; lower jaw mottled with light and dark; a small round, black spot near base of dorsal between twenty-third and twenty-fifth spines, and 1 between twenty eighth and thirtieth, beth very faintly ocellated with lighter; slight whitish tips on ventrals and lower edge of caudal. Key West; known from a single specimen, 1} inches long, taken with the seine in algze on a rocky bottom at Key West. Its congeners, 4. marmoratus, A. fasciatus, and A. affinis, were found in the same waters, 4. marmoratus being much the most abund- ant of the 4, and reaching the largest size. (nox, night.) Oremnobates nox, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 30, Key West. (Coll. Jordan.) 880. PARACLINUS, Mocquard. Acanthoclinus, MocQUARD, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1885, 18 (chaperi) ; name preoccupied. Paraclinus, MocQUARD, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1886, 11 (chaperi). Body elongate, compressed, covered with cycloid scales; mouth large, each jaw armed with an external row of conical teeth, with some teeth behind; teeth on the palate; dorsal very long, continuous, composed entirely of spines, anal with 2 spines; ventrals jugular, with few rays; ten- tacles on head; gill opening very broad; 6 branchiostegals; lateral line interrupted. Evidently very close to Auchenopierus, from which it may be distinguished by the continuous dorsal fin, a character which needs verification. (zapa, near; Clinus.) 2720. PARACLINUS CHAPERI, Mocquard. Head 44; depth 44. D. XXXI; A.II, 19; P.13; V. 2; scales 35. Body elongate, very strongly compressed; eye large, equal to snout or inter- orbital width; lower jaw slightly the longer; mouth oblique, reaching front of eye; outer row of teeth strong, canine-like, slenderer and more close set above, below diminishing rapidly in length, the bands of small teeth limited to front of each jaw, a curved group of teeth on palate; dorsal beginning over preopercle, not notched, composed entirely of stout spines; anal equally long; ventrals very narrow, of 2 soft rays, well sepa- rated, the inner slightly longer than outer; head with 3 pairs of ten- tacles, 1 at the nape, filiform, small, 4 as long as eye; the second below the orbit, broadened at base, separated into 3 or 4 branches, progressively Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2375 longer from the inner outward, longer than eye; nuchal filament a little in front of dorsal, in form, oblong, entire, laminated, a little broader at its free edge, } as long as eye; scales large, cycloid; lateral line inter- rupted before front of anal, anterior part rounding over eye with only 2 rows of scales between it and the dorsal, posterior part median; gill mem- branes broadly united, free from isthmus. Body brownish yellow, fins brown, the base and the caudal darker. Bay of Guanta, near Barcelona, in Venezuela; 1 specimen, 33 mm. long to base of caudal. (Mocquard.) Not seen by us. (Named for its collector, M. Chaper.) Acanthoclinus chaperi, MocQUARD, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1885, 19, Bay of Guanta, Vene- zuela. Paraclinus chaperi, MocQuaRD, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1886, 41. 881. EMMNION, Jordan. Emmnion, JORDAN, in Gilbert. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 454 (bristole). Body elongate, covered with caducous, cycloid scales of small size; lat- eral line straight, ending near base of last dorsal ray. Head moderate, decurved anteriorly, without cirri; mouth moderate; teeth in jaws in bands, the outer enlarged; no teeth on vomer or palatines; dorsalnotched, its anterior ¢ of flexible spines of moderate height; ventrals I, 3, the rays thickish, the fin inserted slightly before pectorals; caudal free. Galap- agos Islands. (év,in; uvzov,sea moss, or alga.) 2721. EMMNION BRISTOL, Jordan. Head 537; depth 74. D. XXV, 13; A. I, 27; P. 138; V.1, 3; Br. 5; scales 3-5U-11, the count not certain. Body slender, moderately compressed, the dorsal profile forming a nearly straight line from occiput to first dorsal ray, from thence descending very gently to base of caudal; ventral profile about straight. Head broad, slightly convex above, its width 14 in its length; anterior profile from first dorsal spine to a point above eye straight, thence abruptly descending to tip of snout; mouth horizontal, the lower jaw included; maxillary reaching nearly to posterior margin of eye, about 24 in head. Teeth present on both jaws, canine-like; upper jaw with 8 enlarged teeth in front, about 2 or 3 series of much smaller teeth behind these, only 1 series of which extends into posterior region of mouth; lower jaw with a series of teeth in front and on sides which is greatly enlarged in front; a patch of very small teeth behind the enlarged front teeth; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Premaxillary very pro- tractile; snout blunt, 4; in head; eyes large, round, placed close together, 34 in head; interorbital region very narrow, less than pupil; nostrils equal. Caudal peduncle 24 in head; branchiostegal membranes deeply united, free from isthmus; gills 4, a small slit behind the fourth; no cirri above eyes, nor filaments on nape; head naked, body covered with _cycloid scales, those on nape much smaller; belly naked. The scales on the body are apparently caducous as all have fallen, but the points are very distinct and they seem to have been embedded on their anterior edge, 2376 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. as the sac-like fold of skin is prominent. Lateral line simple, straight, running from upper edge of gill opening to last ray of dorsal when it is lost, not reaching the caudal; it is placed very high, and giadually approaches the dorsal fin, from which it is separated only by a very small distance. Dorsal extending from a point a short distance behind occiput nearly to base of caudal, emarginate; last spine shortest, about 24 in first soft ray, which is 2} in head; the longest spines about 3 in head, all the spines slender and flexible. Anal extending from behind vent nearly to base of caudal; similar to soft dorsal, its rays lower. Ventrals well developed with broad base, the rays thickish, inserted very slightly in front of base of pectorals, 14 in head, reaching ? the distance to vent. Caudal subtruncate. Pectorals reaching past vent, about as long as head. Dorsal and anal free from caudal. Color in spirits, dark dull reddish- brown, lighter below; head very dark; dorsals, pectorals, and caudal blackish, pectorals and caudal with lighter blotches; anal and ventrals dusky, anal margined with darker, Length about 3 inches. Galapagos Islands; one specimen known, evidently a rock-pool species. (Named for Miss Susan Brown Bristol, of the department of zoology in Leland Stan- ford Junior University. ) Emmynion bristole, JORDAN, in GILBERT, Proc. U. §. Nat. Mus. 1896, 454, pl. 55, fig. 1, Gala- pagos Islands. (Coll. Albatross.) 882. ATOPOCLINUS, Vaillant. Atopoclinus, VAILLANT, Bull. Sci. Philom. Paris, serie 8, tome v1, 1894, 73 (ringens). Body elongate, subcylindrical, without visible scales. Head obtuse, the snout short, rounded ; mouth inferior, transverse, with compressed trenchant teeth in each jaw, those above at least in a single row, solidly fastened to the skeleton; teeth on vomer and palatines uncertain. Dorsal continuous, extending the whole length of the back, from the nape to the caudal pedun- cle, its rays mostly simple, only the posterior articulate; anal occupying nearly 4 the length, touching the caudal, which is, nevertheless, distinct; caudal deeply forked; ventrals distinctly jugular, very long, of aspine and a ray; no tentacles; gill membranes apparently rounded at the isthmus. Gulf of California; a singular genus evidently closely allied to Runula. (arozos, strange; Clinus.) 2722. ATOPOCLINUS RINGENS, Vaillant. Head 5; depth 7. D. 24; A.18; P. 15; V.I, 1. Eye large, 7 in head; interorbital space broad, 3 in head. Caudal a little longer than head. Color clear chamois brown, the belly pale; a brown band before the snout, across the eye to the caudal, on which it extends; a silvery stripe border- ing this band above, and below for part of its length. Gulf of California. (Vaillant); known from 1 specimen badly shriveled, 39 mm, in length. (ringens, gaping.) Atopoclinus ringens, VAILLANT, Bull. Sci. Philom. Paris, serio 8, tome VI, No. 2, February 25, 1894, 74, Gulf of California. (Coll. Léon Diguet.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2377 883. RUNULA, Jordan & Bollman. Runula, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 171 (azalea). Body slender, its back not dlevatet mouth small, inferior, destitute of canines; teeth fixed, upper largest; dorsal fin continuous, its spines and soft rays indistinguishable, most of them articulate; caudal fin lunate; gill openings reduced to a vertical slit in front of pectoral; scales none. This genus is remotely allied to the East Indian genus Petroskirtes, but has the mouth and dentition different, and the caudal fin, unlike that of most blennioid fishes, is forked. (Diminutive of runa, a dart or javelin.) 2723. RUNULA AZALEA, Jordan & Bollman. Head 44; depth 64. D. 42; A. 26 or 27; V. I, 2. Body moderately elongate, not much compressed; head rather long, its upper outlines convex; snout short and very blunt; mouth entirely inferior, transverse, each jaw provided with long, slender, close-set curved teeth; no evident posterior canines; eye moderate, equal to snout and nearly equal to inter- orbital width, 4 in head; no tentacles on head; gill membranes fully united to the isthmus, the gill opening reduced to a vertical slit, its lower edge opposite middle of base of pectoral; no scales; lateral line very high, concurrent with the back; dorsal fin very low, continuous; the feeble spines and soft rays indistinguishable, the fin beginning at occiput; anal similar to soft dorsal; caudal lunate behind, well separated from dorsal and anal; pectorals small, rounded, about 14 in head; ventrals short, before pectorals, about 2 in head. Color reddish brown, silvery below, about 5 dusky cross shades; a dusky lateral streak; a black spot surrounded by paler at base of caudal; dorsal with about 6 black ecross- bars; anal with 4; other fins pale; lower half of head abruptly pale. Galapagos Archipelago. The type, 2 inches long, taken at Indefatigable Island; 3 more specimens have since been obtained from the same island. (aCadAéos, parched, from the brown color.) Runula azalea, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 171, Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Archipelago (Coll. Albatross); JORDAN, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 233, pl. 37. 884. BLENNIUS (Artedi) Linnezus. (BLENNIES. ) Blennius, ARTEDI, Genera Piscium, 27, 1738. Blennius, LiINNvs, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 256, 1758 (galerita). Salaria, ForsKAL, Deser. Anim., 22,1777 (basiliseus). Pholis, FLEMING, Brit. Anim., 207, 1828 (levis—pholis) ; not Pholis SCOPOLI, 1777. Adonis, GRONOW, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 93, 1754 (pavoninus — ocellaris). Lipophrys, GILL, American Naturalist, June, 1896, 498 (pholis). Body oblong, compressed, naked; head short, the profile usually bluntly rounded; mouth small, horizontal, with a single series of long, slender, curved, close-set teeth in each jaw, besides which, in the lower jaw at least, is a rather short and stout fang-like canine tooth on each side; 3030-——72 2378 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. premaxillaries not protractile; gill openings wide, extending forward below, the membranes free from the isthmus, or at least forming a broad fold across it. Dorsal fin entire, or more or less emarginate, the spines slender; pectorals moderate; ventrals well developed, I, 3; no pyloric ceca; lateral line developed anteriorly. Species numerous, lurking under rocks and alge in most warm seas; some species in the lakes of northern Italy. The European species in general are larger in size than ours, with higher fins. (Blennius, the ancient name, from GAévva, slime.) LIPOPHRYS (Acizw, to disappear; odpvs, eye-brow) : a. Supraorbital cirrus wanting; snont not very blunt in profile. b. Posterior canine present in each jaw; dorsal slightly emarginate; D. XII, 18. CAROLINUS, 2724. BLENNIUS: aa. Supraorbital cirrus present; profile of snout more or less blunt. c. Canines strong, present in both jaws; no nuchal cirri. d. Dorsal rays XI or XII, 17 or 18. e. Supraorbital cirrus bifid; dorsal free from caudal. Jf. Supraorbital cirrus as long as head; dorsal emarginate; sides spotted; D. XI, 17. 1 UCORUM, 2725. Jf. Supraorbital cirrus as long as eye and snout; dorsal continuous; color olivaceous, with dark bars; D. XI, 18. STEARNSI, 2726. ee. Supraorbital cirrus bifid, nearly as long as head; last ray of dorsal joined to caudal; sides with a network of blue lines; D. XII. 18. FAVOSUS, 2727. dd. Dorsal rays XII, 21 or 22; supraorbital cirrus long, fringed; dorsal free from caudal; cheeks with network of lines; body nearly plain. PILICORNIS, 2728. ec. Canines short and stoutish, present in lower jaw only (undescribed in truncatus and in marmoreus.) g. Nape without cirrus; snout abruptly decurved; body robust, marbled; D. XII, 20. : MARMOREUS, 2729, gg. Nape with a cirrus on each side. h. Dorsal and anal free from caudal. Nape with a filiform bifid tentacle on each side; teeth undescribed; supraorbital tentacle simple; color olive, with bright spots. TRUNCATUS, 2730. hh. Dorsal and anal with the last ray largely joined by membrane to caudal; nape with a small cirrus; posterior canines strong, in lower jaw only; dorsal not notched; color uniform brown; be. 0 RS BF VINCTUS, 2731. ggg. Nape with a comb of many close-set cirri on a fleshy crest; lower jaw only with short posterior canines; dorsal fin continuous, free from caudal; D. XU, 16 or 17. CRISTATUS, 27382. Subgenus LIPOPHRYS, Gill. 2724. BLENNIUS CAROLINUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). D. XII, 18; A.17. Body rather long and slender, more elongate than in the European species, Blennius pholis, more compressed, the head longer; maxillary extending to opposite middle of eye; teeth }{, with strong canines on both jaws; gill membranes free from isthmus; no trace of tentacles above eye; dorsal spines slender, a little lower than the soft Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2379 rays, the fin little emarginate; dorsal and anal not joined to the caudal. Greenish, with 4 or 5 irregular dark spots or shades along the back; dorsal with a large black spot in front; anal brown-edged. South Caro- lina. Only the original type in the museum at Paris known; from this the present description was taken. No later collector has recognized the species and it may not be American. Pholis carolinus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss, XI, 276, 1836, Carolina. (Coll. M. Bosc.) Blennius carolinus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 760, 1883. 2725. BLENNIUS FUCORUM, Cuvier & Valenciennes. Head 5 in total length. D.XI,17; A.18. Orbitial cirri nearly as long as head, bifid at tip, and fringed at the base. Dorsal fin slightly emar- ginate, free from the caudal, the spines rather stiff. Head very short and steep, its profile nearly vertical; 24 teeth in each jaw; each jaw with very strong canines; gill membranes free from the isthmus posteriorly. Olive green, becoming darker above, with numerous brown spots on the cheeks and sides of the body; below reddish; dorsal with a large black spot in front, behind which are smaller spots; spinous dorsal edged with paler. (Cuvier & Valenciennes.) Open ocean in floating Fucus; the type from near the Azores; recorded by De Kay from the open sea, off New York, in floating seaweed. (fucorum, of the seaweed, Fucus.) Blennius fucorum, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X1, 263, 1836, 240 miles south of the Azores (Coll. Claude Gay); GiinrHER, Cat., 11, 217, 1861; De Kay, N, Y. Fauna: Fishes, 149, pl. 22, fig. 66,1842; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 710, 1883. Blennius oceanicus,* CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 265, 1836, open sea, 29° N., 50° W.; on a drawing by CLAUDE Gay. 2726. BLENNIUS STEARNSI, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 3+# (4% in total); depth 4% (53); eye 44; snout 44. D.XI,18; A.II, 21. Body much elongate, compressed, tapering regularly behind; anterior profile moderately decurved; snout short and blunt; mouth large, oblique, the jaws even; maxillary reaching slightly beyond middle of orbit, 24 times in head; teeth in the front of the jaws only, occupying on each side a space equal to + length of maxillary; teeth 34, the lateral one on each side much enlarged and canine-like, rather short but strongly curved; canine in upper jaw equaling about 4 diameter of pupil; interorbital space very narrow, not as wide as pupil; upper posterior rim of orbit with a long slender filament, forked at base, its length equaling distance from tip of snout to posterior rim of orbit; no filaments at the nape; gill mem- branes somewhat united to the isthmus in front, but forming a broad fold across it posteriorly, the gill openings of the two sides therefore continu- ous below. Dorsals rather high; no notch between the spines and soft portion, the membrane of last ray not reaching base of caudal; spines of * Very near Blennius fucorum, the profile more oblique, the cirri shorter, the spinous dorsal lower, the caudal more truncate; anal shorter. Color brown with brown spots on body and fins; sides clear green; belly silvery. Length 2inches. (Cuvier & Valenciennes.) 2380 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. nearly uniform height, all very slender and flexible, the tips almost fila- mentous; highest spine + length of head; highest soft ray 12 in head; anal lower than dorsal, its longest ray very slightly less than 4 length of head; length of caudal peduncle more than 4 its height, about equaling the diameter of orbit; caudal about equaling pectoral, 14 in head; ven- trals long, the inner ray much the longest, 14 in head, not quite reaching vent. Color light greenish olive, somewhat mottled; sides with irregular dark bars formed of spots, these extending on the fin; skin everywhere finely punctate; dorsal dark olive, the spinous part darker at tip; anal blackish, with paler edge; ventrals dusky; pectorals and caudal olive. Gulf of Mexico, in deep water. Three specimens known, the largest 3 inches long, taken from the stomach of a Red Snapper, at Pensacola. (Named for Silas Stearns.) Blennius stearnsi, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 300, Pensacola Snapper Banks. (Type, No. 29669, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Jordan & Stearns.) 2727. BLENNIUS FAVOSUS, Goode & Bean. Head 3%; depth 4%. D. XII, 18; A. II, 20. Body comparatively elon- gate and compressed; anterior profile moderately decurved; head nearly 3 longer than deep; snout very shortand blunt; mouth large, horizontal; jaws even; maxillary reaching posterior margin of orbit, its length 2} in head. Each jaw with a long, curved, posterior canine; the canines of lower jaw largest. Preorbital } diameter of eye, which is 3 in head, and equals more than twice interorbital width. An extremely long and slen- der supraocular cirrus, trifid to the base, the longest branch nearly as long as the head; nonuchal cirri. Gill membranes forming a rather narrow fold across the isthmus. Dorsal low, continuous, the spines very slender and flexible, the longest + as long as the head; the longest soft ray ? as long as head; the last ray slightly joined to base of caudal; caudal ? as long as head; anal rather high; pectorals 4 as long as head; only the straight part of lateral line developed. Color faded, brownish, finely reticulated, a series of obscure bluish blotches along the sides; front and sides of head marked with very distinct blue, reticulating lines surrounding honey- comb-like hexagonal interspaces; top of head with many small blue spots; dorsal with black dots and streaks; a black spot bordered with whitish between the first and second dorsal spines; anal with oblique blue streaks, the fin margined with dusky, tips of rays whitish; base of pectorals with blue reticulations. The whole body was probably reticulated with blue in life. Gulf of Mexico. Known from 2 specimens collected at Garden Key, Florida, by Gustay Wiirdemann; they are 33 inches and 3 inches long, respectively. (favosus, honeycombed. ) Blennius favosus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 416, Garden Key, Florida (Type, No. 2629, U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Gustav Wiirdemann); JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 961, 1883. 2728. BLENNIUS PILICORNIS, Cuvier & Valenciennes. Head 4% with caudal; depth 5}. D. XII, 21 or 22; A. 23 or 24. Snout obtuse, the upper profile very oblique. A strong curved canine in each jaw. Orbital tentacle filiform, with several smaller ones at base. Inter- f Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2381 orbital space flat, its width 4 vertical diameter of eye; no groove or crest on the neck. Dorsal slightly notched, the spines flexible; caudal separate. Brown, dorsal and caudal spotted with darker. Length 5 to 6 inches. (Giinther.) Coast of Brazil north to the West Indies, recorded from Rio Janeiro, Bahia, and the Tortugas, and off the coast of Florida. Mr. Garman gives the following color note on Tortugas specimens, col- lected by Prof. C. C. Nutting: Small, hexagonal reticulations on cheeks, resembling scales; anal darker toward ends of rays, the tips white; dor- sal darker in outer half; basal part of dorsal and anal pale, sides with a few scattered black dots; median rays of caudal longer, the outer margin dark; caudal, pectorals, and ventrals paler than dorsal. (pilicornis, with downy horns. ) Blennius pilicornis, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 254, 1836, Rio Janeiro (Coll. Delalande and Gay) ; CASTELNAU, Anim. Nouv., ete., Amer. Sud, 25, 1855; Gar- MAN, Bull. Iowa Lab. Nat. Sci. 1896, 89. Blennius jilicornis, GUNTHER, Cat., III, 216, 1861. (Coll. M. Parzudaki.) 2729. BLENNIUS MARMOREUS, Poey. Head 44 in total length with caudal; depth 5. D. XII, 20; A. 16; P. 13. Eye very high, near the profile, twice length of snout. Snout round, falling off abruptly, but less so than in Blennius truncatus; posterior nos- trils with a distinct tube; superciliary tentacle divided into 3 branches; no cilia at the nape. Teeth undescribed. Gill membranes not described. Pectoral and caudal round; dorsal low, the median spines highest, the soft rays a little higher, the difference slight. Color yellowish brown, darker medially, paler below; under the lens covered with small dots; fins below yellowish. This species differs from Scartella microstoma in the stout trunk, the more blunt head, the cilia on the head and in the tube of the nostril. Cuba; 1 specimen 2 inches long. (Poey); not seen by us; perhaps not a Blennius as here understood. (marmoreus, marbled.) Blennius marmoreus, PoEY, Enumeratio, 130, 1875, Cuba. (Coll. Rafael Arango.) 2730. BLENNIUS TRUNCATUS (Poey). Head 5} in total length with caudal; depth 5}. D. XII, 19; A. I, 20. Eyes placed very high, profile before them vertical, suggesting the fore- head of a bull without horns; mouth small, maxillary reaching below pos- terior border of eye; anterior nostril divided into 5 at tip; 2 filiform tentacles with a common base on each side of nape; a simple tentacle behind eye; some pores on the head, which is compressed; teeth unde- scribed ; gill membranes undescribed; gill membranes united and free from isthmus; dorsal notched medially; caudal truncate, with 2 faint angles; lateral line long, reaching beyond the point of the pectorals. Colorolive, with some bright spots on trunk; the vertical fins darker. Cuba; 1 specimen 3} inches long. (Poey); not seen by us; perhaps not a species of Blennius. (truncatus, cut off short.) Blennius truncatus, Pory, Memorias, 1, 424, 1861, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) 2382 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2731. BLENNIUS VINCTUS, Poey. Head 34 to base of caudal; depth 4. D. XII, 13; A. I, 8; V. 3. Eye high, 4 in head, as long as snout. Anterior nostril in a short tube. Jaws equal; 4 pores on the side of the lower jaw; 1 on the opercle; 4 on the suborbital; 4 below eye. A long tentacle above eye; another very small one onthe nape. Maxillary reaching to below frontof pupil. Teeth large, not pointed, compressed, in 1 series of 10 to 12 on each side of each jaw, feeble, somewhat moveable; gill membranes united, free from isthmus. Dorsal elevated backward, connected by amembrane to the first third of the caudal, as is also the anal, twenty second ray highest, its height 4 depth of body and double length of the dorsal ray above tip of pectoral; anal similar, $ also of the rays of the dorsal and anal simple; the spines flexible, differing from the others in not being articulate; pectoral pointed, its middle rays longest, and also more robust, all simple; ventral not very short; caudal rounded. Lateral line forming a curve anteriorly. Color uniform brown. Cuba. (vinctus, bound.) Blennius vinctus, Pory, Repertorio, 243, 1867, Havana. (Coll. Felipe Poey. Type,* No. 12647, Mus. Comp. Zool.) ° 2732. BLENNIUS CRISTATUS, Linneus. Head 4; depth 4. D. XI, 16; A. 19; maxillary 3. Body moderately elongate, compressed; the head very blunt and deep, almost as deep as long, its anterior profile straight or slightly concave, and nearly vertical. Mouth moderate, the maxillary reaching to past front of eye; lower jaw with 2 short stoutish posterior canines, scarcely longer than the front teeth; upper jaw without canines. Teeth about 32. Preorbital deep, its depth equal to diameter of eye and contained 44 times in length of head. Interorbital space flat, narrow, # width of eye. Supraocular cirri small, fringed, their length about equal to that of pupil. Nape with a lon- gitudinal dermal crest reaching to front of dorsal, provided with a series of avout 20 filaments, the longest about as long as the eye. Gill membranes forming a broad fold across the isthmus, as in all species of Blennius. Dorsal nearly continuous, the last spine a little lower than the first soft ray, not very high, beginning on the nape in front of the vertical of the preopercle, the spines all slender and flexible, the longest 3 as long as the head, the longest soft ray + as long as the head; caudal free from dorsal and anal, # as long as head; anal moderate, 4 length of head; pectoral somewhat shorter than head; ventral a little more than 4 length of head. Lateral line forming the usual arch above pectoral, and continued back- ward on median line to base of caudal, becoming indistinct posteriorly. *On the type of Blennius vinctus we have the following notes: ‘‘ No. 12647, M. C. Z. Cuba. (Poey.) One anda half inches long, in poor condition. Head ca 34; depth ca 4. D, XII, 18; A. T1, 13. Dorsal joined to caudal as far as tips of the rays, which are i Dorsal spines high and stiff, the fin not notched, the soft rays higher. A thick scale-like fringed cirrus above each eye, nearly as long as eye, which is small. Gill membrane free. Head blunt. Maxillary to front of pupil. Lower jaw with very strong canines; upper jaw with none. No nuchal cirri,” Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2383 Color faded, apparently olivaceous, with about 6 dark cross bars, which extend on the dorsal fin; anal and posterior + of body with numerous round, whitish, stellate spots, probably bluish in life; bluish streaks from eye across the cheeks; anal edged with dusky; the othey fins vaguely marked. Length 2} to4 inches. Tropical parts of the Atlantic, among rocks, widely diffused and variable. The above description from the type of Blennius asterias, from Garden Key, Florida. We have the following notes on numerous specimens from Abrolhos Islands, off the Coast of Brazil (Coll. Albatross): D. XII, 15. Nape with a fringed crest of 10 to 18 filaments. A small trifid tentacle above eye; posterior canines in lower jaw only, short and small; gill membranes broadly united, nearly free from the isthmus. Dorsal slightly notched; nasal tentacle present. Color excessively variable, mostly grayish, with 5 or 6 cross blotches on the back, extending to form quadrate blotches on the side; body mottled; fins also mottled; the anal dark, with a pale edge. Some specimens highly variegated, the caudal banded and with black and white spots; pale streaks from the eye across the cheek; dark bars on sides, extending on dorsal. Most specimens have the region above anal with numerous round whitish spots and some dark ones. These spots sometimes nearly obsolete, most evident on the paler specimens. The following notes are taken from a specimen, No. 4635, M. C. Z., from Para, Brazil (Coll. Agassiz and Bourgeot): Head 4; depth 44. D. XII, 14; A.I,16. Maxillary to front of eye, about equaltoeye. Gill membranes free. Lower jaw with a very small canine, not twice the length of the upper teeth. Orbital cirrus quite small; a row of cirri along the nape, louger than the orbital cirrus. Head not very blunt, the anterior profile forming an angle above eye, thence straight and steep. Dorsal spines rather low and flexible, the fin scarcely notched. Color nearly lost; dark marb- lings on sides and on dorsal fin. This species is evidently the Blennius crinitus of Giinther and the B. asierias of Goode & Bean, probably the nuchi- filis of Cuvier and Valenciennes, and in all probability the cristatus of Lin- nus, also. These nominal species are from various localities in the Atlan- tic. If our specimens are all alike, all these forms most likely belong to 1 species. For this cristatus is the oldest name. The very small canines show considerable divergence from the type of Blennius, approaching Scartella. (Eu.) (cristatus, crested. ) : Blennius crista seiacea longitudinale inter oculos, GRONOW, Museum, I, No. 75; D. 26; A. 16; locality unknown. (Coll. Vosmaer.) Blennius cristatus, LINNZUs, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 1, 256, 1758, Indies, after Gronow; Giin- THER, Cat. Fish., 111, 223, 1861; JoRDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 329. Blennius crinitus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 237, 1836, La Rochelle, France (Coll. D’Orbigny); GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 224, 1861. Blennius nuchijfilis, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 253, 1836, Isle of Ascension. (Coll. Quoy & Gaimard.) Blennius asterias, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 416, Garden Key, Florida (Type, No. 2620. Coll. G. Wiirdemann); Garden Key, Florida (Type, No. 2625. Coll. Dr. Whitehurst); Tortugas (Type, No. 6596. Coll. Dr. J. B. Holder); JOKDAN & GIL- BERT, Synopsis, 961, 1883. Adonis cristatus, GRONOW, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 95, 1854. 2384 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 885. SCARTELLA, Jordan. Scartella, JORDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 50 (microstoma). This genus differs from Blennius only in the entire absence of the pos- terior canine. The relations of this genus with such species of Blennius as Blennius cristatus are very close. It may be that the groups should be reunited, or that several species here referred to Blennius should be placed in Scartella. (Guaptys, one who leaps.) 2733. SCARTELLA MICROSTOMA (Poey). Head 4 in length (5 with caudal); depth 32 (4%); eye 34. D. XI, 14; A. 15 or 16. Body rather stout, compressed posteriorly; head short, the anterior profile straight and very steep, almost vertical from tip of snout to above eye, where a sharp angle is formed with the straight line of the back. Eye large, longer than snout. Mouth moderate, the maxillary reaching to below front of pupil, its length 3! in head. Teeth uniform; no posterior canines in either jaw. A small tufted or multifid cirrus over each eye, its length less than diameter of pupil; a row of about 3 short, slender cirri along each side of nape. Gill membranes broadly united, free from isthmus. Lateral line extending about to end of pectoral, each pore with a short, simple branch above and below, directed outward and backward; some conspicuous pores radiating from the eye. Dorsal fin low, subcontinuous, the spines rather slender, lower than the soft rays, the middle spines not much higher than the last; longest rays of dorsal about 4} as long as head; caudal free from dorsal and anal, a little shorter than head; anal low; pectorals slightly longer than head; ven- trals 14 in head. The fins are somewhat shriveled, so that the count of the rays is made with difficulty and may not be perfectly exact. Color very dark olive brown, paler below; head and anterior half of body plain, posterior half sprinkled with sharply defined dots of a vivid sky-blue color, becoming white in alcohol; about 6 obscure round darker blotches in a longitudinal series along sides posteriorly; fins dusky olive, mottled with darker, the caudal obscurely barred, the anal with a pale edge; spinous dorsal nearly black. Length 3} inches. Cuba. Here described from a specimen taken by Dr. Jordan in Havana. We have also the fol- lowing notes on Poey’s type in the museum at Cambridge: D. XI, 15; A. 17. Dorsal and anal free from caudal. Body rather robust, the head blunt. Last tooth in each jaw a shade longer than its neighbor, but not canine-like. Gill membrane free fromisthmus. Dorsal spines low, rather stiff, the fin deeply notched. Color much mottled, with some white spots on posterior half of body; a black ocellus behind first dorsal spine; 5 dark bars along back. The following is Poey’s description: Head 4} in total length with caudal; depth 5%. D. XII, 15; A.I, 17; P.14. Snout short; profile falling abruptly ; mouth small; eye 3 in head, twice interorbital space. Teeth 15 on each side ineach jaw. Gillmembrane broadly united, free fromisthmus. Lat- Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2385 eral line disappearing on middle of back; a row of 6 filaments arranged in pairs on each side of thenape. Membranaceons tentacles over the eye; dor- sal somewhat notched, pectoral strongly developed at base. Color brown, with 5 or 6 darker points which form on the back and reach, base of the dorsal; pearly spots along sides and some below of the same color; caudal with 3 brown points. Cuba. One specimen,46mm.long. (Poey.) (“2zxp0s, small; 6rdua, mouth.) Blennius microstomus, PoEY, Memorias, It, 288, 1861, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) Scartella microstoma, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 50. 886. HYPLEUROCHILUS, Gill. Hypleurochilus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 168 (geminatus). This genus differs from Blennius in the restriction of the gill-openings to the sides, the gill-membranes being broadly and fully joined to the isthmus; canines well developed. (v,upsilon; zAevpor, side; xezAos, lip; in allu- sion to the V-shaped lateral lips.) 2734. HYPLEUROCHILUS GEMINATUS (Wood). Head 34 to 33; depth 3} to 4. D. XI, 15 to XIII, 14; A. II, 18. Head not very blunt, the anterior profile straight, oblique; male (multifilis) with the supraocular cirrus very large, each with 4 smaller ones at base; supra- ocular cirrus in female (geminatus) low, shorter than eye, branched at tip; interorbital space concave, not 4 diameter of eye; a slight transverse groove behind eye; canines.in both jaws, very strong, hooked backward, the lower considerably stronger than upper; gill openings extending down- ward to opposite or slightly below lower edge of pectoral. Dorsal fin not emarginate, the spines slender, but rather stiff, lower than the soft rays; pectorals shortish, ventrals rather long. Olive brown, faintly barred with darker; sides plain, or with several pairs of spots of a reddish-brown color, arranged pretty regularly in a double row; vertical fins edged with darker, especially the anal; dorsal black in front. Length 24 inches. South At- lantie and Gulf coast of the United States, in shallow water; abundant in empty shells and clusters of tunicates. The sexes quite unlike, the male (multifilis) distinguished by the high suborbital crest. (geminatus, twin.) Blennius geminatus, Woop, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., rv, 1824, 278, Charleston, South Carolina, female (Coll. Prof. Bache); CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X1, 265, 1836. Blennius multijilis, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 169, St. Josephs Island, Texas, male (Coll. Gustav Wirdemann); Grrarp, U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., Zool., pl. 12, fig. 6, 27, 1859; GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 562, 1861 Hypleurochilus multijilis, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 168; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 758, 1883. Hypleurochilus geminatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 759, 1883. tBlennius geminatus, GUNTHER, Cat., III, 288, 1361. 2386 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 887. HYPSOBLENNIUS,* Gill. Hypsoblennius, GILL, Cat. Fish. East Coast U. S., 20, 1861 (hentz; no diagnosis). Isesthes, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 757, 1883 (gentilis). Blenniolus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, new subgenus (brevipinnis). This genus differs from Blennius in the absence of canine teeth and in the restriction of the gill openings to the sides, the gill membranes being fully united to the isthmus as far upward as the base of the pectorals; ven- tral with 1 short, strong spine and 3 simple, articulated rays. The known species are American. (Uy, high; Blennius.) HYPSOBLENNIUS: a. Dorsal fin continuous, its margin entire or slightly notched. b. Dorsal rays XI to XIII, 17 to 19. Pacific species. c. Orbital cirrus multifid; spines of dorsal stiff; sides blotched or freckled. GILBERTI, 2735. ec. Orbital cirrus simple or fringed. d. Spines of dorsal slender and flexible; sides with round dark spots; anal rays 21. GENTILIS, 2736. dd. Spines of dorsal rather stiff; sides with irregular dark cross bands rather than spots; anal rays 19. STRIATUS, 2737. bb. Dorsal rays XII, 14 or XII, 15. Atlantic species. e. Orbital cirrus simple, large or small; body everywhere with dark spots; dorsal spines rather low, stiffish. IONTHAS, 2738. ee. Orbital tentacle forked at tip, long in males; dorsal spines stiff; body spotted. HENTZ, 2739. BLENNIOLUS, (diminutive form, from Blennius) : aa. Dorsal fin deeply notched, very short, its rays XI, 12 or XII, 12; orbital tentacle slender, fringed; a dark lateral shade. BREVIPINNIS, 2740. Subgenus HYPSOBLENNIUS, Gill. 2735. HYPSOBLENNIUS GILBERTI (Jordan). Head 4 in length (4% with caudal) ; depth 4 (4%). D. XII, 19; A. II, 21. Body comparatively robust, deep, and compressed. Head large, rounded, the anterior profile less blunt than in H. gentilis and less rounded, nearly straight from tip of snout to above eye, thence again nearly straight to front of dorsal. Length of snout about equal to diameter of eye, 44 in head. Mouth rather small, terminal, the maxillary reaching to opposite middle of eye, 2% in head. Teeth subequal, with no trace of posterior canines. Superciliary tentacle large, multifid, much branched from near the base, the principal division 33 in head. Gill openings larger than in H. gentilis, extending downward to the level of lower edge of pectoral, the length of the slit 12 in head. Lateral line developed beyond the straight part, its posterior portion curved downward. Dorsal fin continuous, with a slight but distinct depression between the spinous and soft parts, the spines somewhat curved, but stiff and strong, the longest spine about 24 in head; longest soft rays 2 in head. Caudal fin free from dorsal and anal, 14 in head; ventrals 14 in head; pectorals about as long as head. Males, * The recent identification of Blennius hentz with Isesthes punctatus enables us to under- stand the undefined genus Hypsoblennius, and to substitute it for the later Zsesthes. Our judgment is opposed to the recognition of such unexplained ‘‘typonyms,” but we defer to the custom of the American Ornithologists’ Union. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2387 as usual in this genus, with the anal spines partly detached, .and provided with fleshy tips. Coloration olivaceous, the body and fins everywhere pro- fusely mottled and reticulated with darker; obscure dark shades extending downward from eye across, or partly across, lower side of head; head without distinct spots or other sharply defined markings, except faint streaks radiating from eye; no pale bars on side of head in either sex; some yellowish markings on anterior part of dorsal. Length 5 inches. California, from Point Concepcion southward to Todos Santos or beyond; common among rocks in the kelp; our specimens from Santa Barbara and Point Loma. (Named for Charles Henry Gilbert. ) Isesthes gilberti, JORDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 349, Santa Barbara, California (Type, Nos. 26916 and 26917. Coll. Jordan & Gilbert); Rosa SmirTH, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 235, specimens from Todos Santos Bay; D. XI or XII, 16 to 21; A. 19 to 21; head 43; depth 43. j 2736. HYPSOBLENNIUS GENTILIS (Girard). Head 33 in length (44 with caudal); depth 4 (44). D.XIII,17; A. II, 19. Body rather robust, deep and compressed, the head large, very bluntly and evenly rounded in profile, more obtuse and more evenly curved than in H. gilberti, the snout shorter, about equal to eye, 44 in head. Mouth rather small, terminal, the maxillary reaching to opposite middle of eye, its length 3 in head. Teeth subequal, the hindmost on each side of upper jaw shorter than the others, and a little apart from them but not forming ‘Ca small canine,” as stated by Girard. Superciliary tentacle long and simple in the male, its edge fringed with short branchlets, its length about 3 in head; tentacles much smaller in the female, where they are scarcely visible. Gill opening extending downward not quite to lower edge of pectoral, its length (vertical) 2} in head. Lateral line with only the straight anterior portion developed, not curved downward posteriorly. Dorsal fins continuous, with scarcely a trace of emargination between the spinous and soft parts. Dorsal spines comparatively low and flexible, much less strong than in H. gilberti, the longest spines 3 in head; longest soft rays 13. Caudal free from dorsal and anal, 12 in head; ventrals 1} in head; pectorals 14. Coloration in spirits, brown, the whole body closely mottled and blotched with darker brown, so that the light ground color forms, especially anteriorly, light reticulations around darker spots; on the head the dark spots are small and close together, smallest anteriorly, the lower parts of the head being immaculate, extending from the curve of the preopercle downward, across the interopercle and branchiostegals, in a sharply defined white bar (said to be golden yellow in life), edged with black; behind this and parallel with it across subopercle and isthmus is a similar bar, these bars present only in the males; a few pale spots or bars in front of these; back with about 6 dusky cross shades, below each of these is an oblong dark blotch, the anterior placed along the lateral line, altogether forming an interrupted dark stripe; a simi- lar dark stripe near the median line of the body, interrupted by some pale blotches. Fins all blotched and spotted by light and dark colors, but without distinct markings (a bluish spot in front of dorsal in life) ; 2388 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, ventrals and anal nearly blackish in males, the base of the anal with a pale streak. Females more distinctly blotched, with a black spot in front of dorsal and white spots on middle of sides; head lacking the pale bars and black spots, but much mottled with brown and whitish; a very dis- tinct blackish blotch on front of spinal dorsal; pectoral and caudal pale, a dark blotch on base of pectoral. Length about 4 inches. Monterey to Cape San Lucas; cominon southward in rock pools. Here described from specimens from Angel Island, Gulf of California, from Cape San Lucas, and from Monterey and San Diego. (gentilis, related.) Blennius gentilis, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1854, 149, Monterey, California. Types, Nos. 690 and 785 (Coll. A. Cassidy; No. 489, Lient. Trowbridge); GIRARD, Pac. R. R. Surv., X, Fishes, 113, pl. 25a, fig. 4, 1858; GUNTHER, Cat., II, 217, 1861. Isesthes gentilis, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitriige, v, 150, 1876; JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 350; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 956, 1883; JORDAN,Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 349. 2737. HYPSOBLENNIUS STRIATUS (Steindachner). Head 4 to 44; depth 42 to 5. D. XI or XII,17; A. 19; P. 15; Y.T, 3. Snout steep, and slightly concave in older examples; interorbital narrow, equal to 4+ eye; origin of dorsal a little before the edge of preopercle; second and third dorsal spines equal to the distance from tip of snout to edge of preopercle; dorsal and anal free from caudal; pectoral reaching nearly to front of anal. Color yellowish below, sides brownish, irregular dark-brown cross bars on back and sides; toward the caudal are rows of spots, 4 or 5 wider cross bars of dark brown or violet; a dark blotch from the third to the fifth dorsal spine, behind which are irregular longitudinal dark stripes; anal edged with white, behind which runs a violet line; pectoral and caudal spotted; a dark oval spot behind eye; a brown line from first dorsal spine to eye. Panama (Steindachner), where specimens were also taken by Dr. Gilbert, none of these showing posterior canines, although Steindachner notes the presence of a small canine in 1 speci- men. (striatus, striped.) Blennius striatus, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitriige, v, 15, 1876, with plates, Panama, Isesthes striatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1882, 111. 2738. HYPSOBLENNIUS IONTHAS (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 33 to 4 (44 to 43 in total); depth 3} to 34 (34 to4?). D. XII, 13, or XT, 14; A. II, 13, orII,14. Body rather deep, moderately compressed, the back little elevated. Head short, blunt, but less so thanin H. punctatus ; the pro- file prominent above the eye, thence descending abruptly but not vertically to the tip of the snout; length of snout 34 in head. Mouth small, low, its cleft largely anterior, the short maxillary scarcely reaching past the front of the eye, 4in head. Eyes large, placed high, 5 in head, the interorbital space about 4 their diameter. Female (ionthas) with the orbital cirrus low, scarcely larger than nasal cirrus, which is about equal to diameter of pupil. Teeth moderate, equal; no posterior canines. Gill opening extending Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2389 downward to a point varying from a little above to a little below middle of base of pectoral, the height of the slit 3 in head. Lateral line not reaching tip of pectoral. Dorsal fin continuous, the spines low and rather stiff, slenderer than in H. punctatus, the longest spines a little lower than the soft rays, which are about 14 in head. Caudal free from anal, slightly connected with dorsal; a little shorter than head; pectoral about as long as head; ventrals shorter than head. Color of female clear olive green, with only traces of darker bars; body everywhere densely freckled with small round blackish spots, smaller than the pupil; on the sides and lower part of head these spots are reduced to close-set dots; 2 dark lines, separated by a golden area, downward from eye; a vertical curved black- ish patch behind eye, in front of which is a golden area; vertical fins olive green, dorsal and caudal usually mottled with dusky; paired fins dusky olive; lower parts of head tinged with golden, sometimes with dusky cross bars; cirri green. The male (scrutator) is thus described: Head 4 (42 in total); depth 33 (44). D. XII, 14 or 15; A. II, 15 0r16. Body rather deep, compressed, the back not elevated. Head short, very blunt, almost as deep as long, the profile abruptly descending before eye, the snout about 4 length of head. Mouth very small, anterior, the maxillary extending to opposite front of eye, 34 in head; teeth subequal, without canines. Orbital cirri very long, reach- ing when depressed about to the front of dorsal, their length more than 4+ head in adult, somewhat shorter in young; ashort branch near its middle. Nasal barbel minute. Eye large, much broader than the concave interor- bital space, about 44 in head. Lower edge of gill opening a little below middle of base of pectoral, the depth of the slit 24 to 3in head. Dorsal fin scarcely emarginate, the spines rather stiff, lower than the soft rays, the longest spine 2 inhead. Caudal slightly connected at base with dorsal, 14 in head; pectoral about as long as head, reaching past front of anal; ventrals 1? in head. Lateral line extending to base of eighth spine, not to tip of pectoral. Color in life, deep olive green, almost immaculate, or with faint traces of darker vertical bars; a golden blotch behind eye, behind which is a dusky crescent; 2 dark bars downward from eye, separated by a yellowish area; fins all dusky greenish, nearly or quite immaculate; front of spinous dorsal blackish. South Carolina to Texas, in rock pools; numerous specimens, the largest about 2} inches long, were obtained with hook and line from the wharves at Pensacola. (Zov§ds, freckled.) Tsesthes ionthas, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 299, Pensacola, Florida (Type, No. 30856, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Jordan & Stearns), female; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 960, 1883. Tsesthes scrutator,* JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 300, Pensacola (Type, No. 30850. (Coll. Jordan & Stearns); Galveston (Coll. Dr. August Galny); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 960, 1883. * The form called serwtator agrees very closely with Hypsoblennius ionthas in all respects except the great length of the orbital cirrus and the ditterent coloration of the body. In both the golden blotch and dark crescent behind the eye are distinct, as also the 2 dark bars separated by a yellow one below the eye. Renewed comparison strengthens our impres- sion that Hypsoblennius scrutator is the male of Hypsoblennius ionthas. 2390 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2739. HYPSOBLENNIUS HENTZ (Le Sueur). Head 32; depth 3. D. XII, 15; A. 18; pectoral 1} in head; ventral 13; gill slit 21; eye 44; maxillary 23. Orbital tentacle very slender, once forked, 3 in head. Body rather deep; head large, obtuse; interorbital space concave, + the diameter of orbit; orbital cirrus as long as dorsal spines, bifid at tip, branched below; a minute nasal cirrus; no canines; gill openings extending to about lower fourth of base of pectoral, thus narrower than in most related species. Dorsal fin high, little notched, the soft part highest, the spines stiff, 2; in head. Tip of each dorsal spine with a filiform, articulated, ray-like appendage. Color in spirits, oliva- ceous, back and sides of head and body everywhere covered with brown spots, very irregular in size and shape; on posterior part of body the spots are larger, and show a tendency to form vertical bars; cheeks dark; lower side of head with traces of 3 cross bars; spinous dorsal with an elliptical black spot on membrane of first 3 spines; soft dorsal and caudal obscurely barred; anal, ventrals, and lower rays of pectorals dusky; pectorals oliva- ceous, spotted with brown. Coasts of North and South Carolina, south to Indian River, Florida; locally common. (Named for its collector, Dr. Nicholas Marcellus Hentz, ‘‘ the father of American Araneology.”) Blennius punctatus, Woop, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1v, 1825, 278, Charleston, South Carolina (Coll. Prof. Bache); CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 267, 1836; GUNTHER, Cat., UI, 228, 1861; not Blennius punctatus, Fabricius, 1780, which is a Sticheeus. Blennius hentz,* LE SuEuR, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., tv, 1825, 363, Charleston, South Carolina. (Coll. Dr. Hentz.) Hypsoblennius hentzi, GIL, Cat. Fish. East Coast N. A., 1861 (nomen nudum). Hypleurochilus punctatus, GILL, Cat. Fish. East Coast N. A., 20, 1873. Isesthes punctatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 758, 1883; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 616. Isesthes hentzi, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 960, 1883. Subgenus BLENNIOLUS, Jordan & Evermann. 2740. HYPSOBLENNIUS BREVIPINNIS (Giinther). Head 31; depth 4. D, XII, 12; A. II, 14; pectoral 13 in head; ventral 12; gill slit 2}; eye 34 in head; snout 2? in head; maxillary 2}. Orbital tentacle slender, less than eye. Body rather deep, compressed, back not elevated; anterior profile from first dorsal spine to above eye almost hori- zontal or slightly decurved, from thence to tip of snout abruptly decurved ; head large, its width not quite 2 in its length; interorbital space narrow, grooved, about equaling pupil; eyes large, placed high and close together. Mouth small, low, the maxillary reaching to pupil; teeth subequal, pecti- nate; no canines; dorsal fin continuous, deeply emarginate, the spines lower than the soft rays, the longest spine about 24 in head; caudal free * The following is the substance of the account of ‘‘ Blennius hentz:” Depth 34 (in total). D. XI, 14; A.16. Body little elongate; snout very short, but not vertically truncate; eyes above angle of mouth, placed high; gill slit extending from level of base of pectoral fin to height of eye; teeth equal; dorsal slightly depressed in the middle; pectorals large; a short cirrus above each eye and a smaller one over each nostril. Light bluish ash, mixed with rufous, with numerous irregular black and rufous spots; dorsal black, with whitish spots; soft dorsal with 5 dark bands; ventrals blackish, with pale bands; caudal with 3 or 4 dark bands. Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. (Le Sueur.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2391 from anal and dorsal; lateral line not reaching soft dorsal. Olive brown, lighter below; back and upper half of sides irregularly marked with about 6 distinct dark-brown cross bars, these uniting at their lower edges and forming a continuous line from head to base of caudal; the bars nearly confluent on the back at base of dorsal fin; a dark lateral band nearly as wide as eye from opercle to base of caudal, containing 5 or 6 light-yel- lowish spots corresponding to the pale interspaces along the back; fins dusky, anal margined with black; head witha dark spot behind each eye, and 2.smaller blotches in the median line, 1 immediately behind the eyes, the other a short distance in front of dorsal. Pacific coast of Mexico, from Mazatlan to Panama; rather common. The specimens here described from Mazatlan. (brevis, short; pinna, a fin.) Blennius brevipinnis, GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 11, 226, 1861, Pacific coast Central America (Coll. Capt. John M. Dow); one specimen wrongly attributed to Hawaiian Islands. 888. CHASMODES, Cuvier & Valencieunes. Chasmodes, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 295, 1836 (bosquianus). Blenitrachus, SwAInson, Class’n Fishes, etc., 11, 78, 274, 1839 (quadrifasciatus). Body oblong, compressed, naked; head triangular in profile, the snout somewhat pointed; mouth large, with lateral cleft, the maxillary usually, but not always, extending to beyond eye; premaxillaries not protractile; teeth in a single series, long and slender, comb-like, confined to the front of each jaw; no canines; cirri very small or wanting; gill openings very small, their lower edge above the middle of the base of the pectorals; lat- eral line incomplete. Fins as in Blennius. American. The species with smaller mouth approach Hypsoblennius, which genus is not far separated from Chasmodes. (yaou@dn;s, yawning.) a. Dorsal and anal free from caudal. b. Anal rays 18 or 19; body not banded. JENKINSI, 2741. bb. Anal rays 15; body with 4 dark cross bands. QUADRIFASCIATUS, 2742. aa. Dorsal joined to base of caudal. c. Mouth moderate, the maxillary not extending to posterior border of eye, 2 in head. SABURRZ, 2743. cc. Mouth large, maxillary reaching posterior border of eye. NOVEMLINEATUS, 2744. ccc. Mouth very large, the maxillary extending to beyond eye. BOSQUIANUS, 2745. 2741. CHASMODES JENKINSI (Jordan & Evermann). Head 3} (4 in total); depth 4 (5). D. XII,17; A.18 or 19; eye 4 to 5in head. Body more robust than in related species, resembling Hypsoblen- nius; head large, gently rounded in profile, the snout steep,4 in head; interorbital space narrow, grooved; orbital tentacle (male) much as in Hypsoblennius gilberti, about 3 in head, branched, the branches usually 4; mouth much larger than in Hypsoblennius, the maxillary 2? to 3 in head, reaching to below posterior margin of eye; teeth even, comb-like; gill opening 2 in head, extending downward nearly to lower edge of pectoral, much larger than in Chasmodes saburre. Dorsal little notched, the spines 2392 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. slender, 2} in head, the rays a little higher; anal lower, the rays 34 to 4in head; pectorals reaching anal, 1} in head; ventrals 2}; dorsal and anal free from caudal. Color in life, according to Evermann & Jenkins, yel- lowish; 5 quadrate spots of darker extending from dorsal to a line drawn from middle of eye to lower base of caudal, the anterior one above tip of pectoral; median line of side with a more or less distinct series of small spots; a shurt dark vertical line behind the eye; a dark blotch in front of origin of dorsal fin and another on humeral region; underside of head with 2 ill-defined dark bands; dorsal fin more or less speckled with black, the anal with a narrow white border above which is a broader band of deep brown. Six specimens, the largest about 3 inches long, were obtained at Guaymas, Sonora, by Drs. Evermann & Jenkins, in 1887. One of these, (No. 412, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus.), examined by us, is the type of the present description. The large mouth distinguishes this species at once from Hypsoblennius striatus, with which it has been identified. The species is intermediate between typical Chasmodes and Hypsoblennius, and its discoy- ery may make it necessary to merge the latter in Chasmodes. (Named for Dr. Oliver Peebles Jenkins. ) Hypsoblennius striatus, EVERMANN & JENKINS, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus, 1891, 163; not of STEINDACHNER. Chasmodes jenkinsi, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 232, pl. 39, Guaymas. (Coll. Evermann & Jenkins.) 2742, CHASMODES QUADRIFASCIATUS (Wood). D. 27; A. 15. Form of Chasmodes bosquianus: Lower jaw slightly longer than the upper. Dorsal and anal free from caudal; anal fin highest ante- riorly. Body with 4 distinct brownish bands, a fifth broader and less marked on the neck; 4 round yellowish spots along base of anal; head spotted with blackish. (Wood.) Habitat uncertain, probably South Atlantic coast of the United States; not recognized by recent collectors; very likely based on the female of C. bosquianus, with the candal torn from the other vertical fins. (quadri-, four; fasciatus, banded). Pholis quadrifasciatus, Woop, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Iv, 1825, 282; locality unknown, probably South Carolina. (Coll. Rubens Peale.) Chasmodes quadrifasciatus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 298, 1836; GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 111, 229, 1861; JorDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 757, 1883. 2743. CHASMODES SABURR#, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 3} to 3%; depth 31 to 32. D. XI or XII, 17 to 19; A. II, 18 or 19. Body rather deep and compressed, less elongate than in C. bosquianus; the back somewhat arched. Head comparatively short, much shorter than in C. bosquianus, not + longer than deep; profile forming a nearly even curve from the base of the dorsal to the tip of the snout; mouth notably smaller than in C. bosquianus; maxillary not reaching posterior margin of eye, its length 2} in head; teeth occupying about 4 of lower jaw; height of gill slit 3% in head, its lower ray opposite third ray of pectoral. A minute cirrus, shorter than pupil, above each eye and each nostril. Dorsal con- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2393 tinuous, with slender rays, the last one joined to the caudal. First two rays of anal short, thick, and fleshy in the males. Male deep olive, with dark cross shades; numerous pale spots on the sides which form undu- lating lines converging backwards; dark stripes downward and forward from eye; top of head and upper part of dorsal fin usually with fine black spots; spinous dorsal with a median orange longitudinal band; other fins mostly dusky olive. Some specimens with the outer part of both dorsals and the top of head dusted with black spots, others with these spots obsolete; soft dorsal and caudal light orange, barred with light green- ish; anal dull orange, with an obscure blackish median band, the exserted tips of the rays abruptly whitish; pectorals dusky olive, strongly tinged with orange; ventrals blackish, orange at tip. Female with about 8 blackish cross bands extending on the dorsal fin; the body everywhere with pale spots; fins all sharply barred with blackish and olive. Pensa- cola Bay, Florida; common about the wharves and ballast rocks in shallow water; taken with seines and pinhooks. Allied to Chasmodes bosquianus, but with the mouth smaller, the form less elongate. (saburra, ballast.) Chasmodes saburre, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 298, Pensacola, Florida (Type, No. 30824. Coll. Jordan & Stearns) ; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 958, 1883. 2744, CHASMODES NOVEMLINEATUS (Wood). Head 32; depth 33; eye 4%; snout 32; maxillary reaching posterior border of eye. D. XI, 18; A, II, 17. Head and shoulders heavy, the body lance-shaped, tapering gradually to tail; snout short, blunt, profile nearly vertical to eye, thence gently rounded; mouth rather large, some- what oblique, the maxillary reaching posterior border of eye; dorsal and anal high, longest dorsal rays 2 in head; anal considerably lower; pectoral nearly as long as head; ventrals 1} in head. Color, side with 6 broad, dark, vertical bars, the anterior 4 extending on the dorsal fin, these bars separated by irregular narrow pale spaces; entire side profusely covered with small white spots; a small black spot at base of caudal; head mot- tled with light and dark; 2 small dark spots on under side of lower jaw; just behind these and extending downward from the angles of the mouth are 2 other larger, blacker spots, while behind these, extending down- ward and backward from middle of cheek, is an irregular black line; whole head with numerous fine dark punctulations; dorsal and anal vari- ously spotted or barred with light and dark; spinous dorsal with a large dark area at top of anterior spines; caudal faintly barred; pectorals and ventrals more plainly barred. Length 2 inches. South Atlantic coast of the United States, South Carolina to Florida; abundant in Indian River, Florida, where numerous specimens were taken in January, 1896, by Ever- mann & Bean. (novem, nine; lineatus, lined.) Pholis novemlineatus, Woop,* Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., rv, 1825, 280, Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. * The following is the substance of Wood's original description of this species: ‘‘ Body with 9 whitish longitudinal bands; dorsal fin with an irregular blackish spot between the first and second rays; remainder of the fin clouded with dusky brown. Head descending somewhat abruptly, tuberculated anteriorly; nostrils with a small appendage; head, lips, 3030-——73 2394 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, Chasmodes saburre, EVERMANN & BEAN, Fishes of Indian River, Florida, in Rept. U.S. Fisk Comm. 1896, 247; not of JorDAN & GILBERT. Chasmodes novemlineatus, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 229, 1861. 2745. CHASMODES BOSQUIANUS (Lacépéde). Head 34; depth 3}. D.XI,19; A.II,19. Orbital tentacle very minute or wanting; maxillary extending to rather beyond eye; interocular space very narrow, not concave. Dorsal fin not emarginate, the spines slender, Dorsal joined to base of caudal; anal free. Color (in male) olive green, with about 9 horizontal narrow blue lines, these somewhat irregular and interrupted, converging backward; opercular membrane and a broad stripe through middle of spinous dorsal deep orange yellow; anal fin dark, the rays with white membranaceous tips; female dark olive green, reticu- lated with narrow, pale green lines, and with several broad dark bars, which are more distinct posteriorly; vertical fins similarly marked; head finely dotted with black; a dusky spot at base of caudal in both sexes. New York to Florida; common southward in shallow water. (Named for M. Bose, who collected at Charleston for Lacépéde.) Blennius bosquianus, LACEPEDE, Nat. Hist. Poiss., 11, 493, 1800 (female), South Carolina. (Coll. Bosc.) ?Pholis quadrifasciatus, Woop, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., rv, 1824, 282, locality unknown, probably South Carolina. (Coll. Rubens Peale.) Chasmodes boscianus, GUNTHER, Cat., II, 229, 1861. Chasmodes bosquianus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 756, 1883. 889. HOMESTHES, Gilbert, new genus. Homesthes, GILBERT, new genus (caulopus). Differing from Hypsoblennius chiefly in the presence of 4 articulated yen- tral rays instead of 3, as usual in Blenniinw. We have examined the ven- trals of Hypsoblennius striatus, punctatus, ionthas, gentilis, and gilberti, and have found them to consist constantly of 1 short, stréng spine and 3 simple articulated rays. In Homesthes caulopus there is 1 strong, short spine and 4 well-developed simple jointed rays. (606s, uniform; £6070, to eat. ) 2746. HOMESTHES CAULOPUS, Gilbert, new species. Head 33 in length; depth at base of ventrals 4, at middle of abdomen 32; least depth of caudal peduncle } length of head; snout 4; eye 4 to 41. D, XII, 15 or 16; A. 11,17; P. 14. Longest dorsal spine 23; last dorsal opercuia, ete., and base of the pectoral fins, finely spotted with bluish black, the spots being larger on the front and opercula; branchial opening extremely small, extending Lof the length of the external curve of the operculum; mouth descending little; gape moderate; sides of the head fleshy; body compressed; rib spaces evident; sides with 9 longitudinal whitish lines, some of which are interrupted; behind the eye and under the dorsal fin are 2 irregular whitish patches; dorsal fin commencing before the pectoral fins: between the first and second rays is an irregular blackish spot, several of the fol- lowing rays are also spotted, the color of the spots becoming lighter as they recede toward the tail, where they mingle with the dusky color of the fin and are lost; fin ris- ing posteriorly, and joining the caudal fin at about 4 the distance from its extremity ; anal fin commencing under the termination of the pectoral fin, and extending nearly to the tail; caudal fin rounded; ventral fins 2-rayed; pectoral fins rather large, the base thick and fleshy, finely spotted with bluish black; anus small, tubercle small; color brownish, fins dusky. D.30; C.123; A.20; V.2; P.13, Length 34 inches; depth, exclu- sive of the dorsal fin, hardly 1 inch,” Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2395 spine 34; longest (tenth) dorsal ray 2; longest (fifteenth) anal ray 24; ventrals 12; longest pectoral ray 12 to 13; caudal 14. Robust, moder- ately compressed, with wide heavy head and short, bluntly rounded snout, the anterior profile of which is nearly vertical. -In shape and general appearance much resembling Hypsoblennius gilberti. Mouth very wide, horizontal, short, the maxillaries reaching vertical from hinder edge of pupil, 3 to 3} in head. Teeth, as usual in this group, the poste- rior not enlarged or canine-like. Nostrils with slightly elevated mar- gins, scarcely tubular, the hinder edge of anterior nostril produced into a conspicuous laciniate flap, about 3 as long as the diameter of orbit. A similar but larger orbital cirrus, divided nearly to the base into 6 or 8 slender filaments. Interorbital space deeply grooved, without median ridge, opening posteriorly into the deep transverse groove which sepa- rates the orbital region from the somewhat swollen occiput, its width lj eye. The mucous canals of head give off transverse branches which open by numerous pores. These thickly beset the snout, subocular region, top of head, preopercle, and upper portion of opercle. Width of gill slit equaling or slightly exceeding 4 length of head, confined to area above lower base of pectorals. First dorsal spine over margin of preopercle; spi- nous dorsal low, of nearly nniform height, much lower than second dorsal, the spines rather strong at base, with weak reflexed tips; membrane of last dorsal ray joined to extreme base of rudimentary caudal rays; anal low, rising slightly posteriorly, leaving a short free interval between its last ray and caudal. Lateral line strongly developed anteriorly for a distance equaling length of head; from that point it is only faintly visible, declin- ing abruptly to middle of sides, along which it may be traced to base of caudal; the anterior portion gives off numerous pairs of short transverse lines, each of which ends in a pore; no pores or lines are visible posteriorly. Blackish, without sharp markings, the sides with irregular light blotches, some of which are subcircular in outline and contain 1 or more black cen- tral specks; the light markings near the back elongate and vertically placed, faintly outlining dark bars of the ground color; a vertical black blotch on cheek behind eye; lower parts lighter; no distinct bars on head; fins all blackish, the anal, the ventrals, the lower caudal and pectoral rays deeper black; anal and caudal margined with white, some of the dorsal rays narrowly tipped with white; tentacles whitish. Two speci- mens, 4 and 44 inches long, from Panama Bay. (Gilbert.) (xavddos, stem; zovs, foot.) Homesthes caulopus, GILBERT MS., Fishes of Panama, Panama. (Coll. Gilbert. Type, No. 5623, L. 8. Jr. Univ. Mus.) 890. SCARTICHTHYS, Jordan & Evermann, new genus. Scartes, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 471, 1896 (rubropunctatus) ; preoccupied by Scartes, Swainson, a genus of mammals. Scartichthys, JORDAN & EVERMANN, new genus (rubripwnctatus). Body elongate, slowly declining to the caudal. Head obliquely com- pressed, oblong, the profile more or less vertical. Eyes lateral, closely approximated, situated at the angle of the profile with the postoculaz 2396 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. region. Gill apertures continuous under the throat, gill membrane free from isthmus. Branchiostegals 6. Mouth moderate, the contour of the upper jaw semicircular; upper jaw protruding beyond the lower; lips moderate, uniform and free, concealing the teeth. Teeth labial and moy- able, very slender and recurved, contiguous and uniserial; no posterior canines. Dorsal fin divided; anal similar to soft dorsal; caudal obtusely rounded; pectorals moderate, angularly rounded; ventrals approximated, each with 3 simple rays, the internal of which is smallest. This genus is very close to the Old World genus, Salarias,* Cuvier, which differs in having the dorsal fin continuous, as in Rupiscartes. (Gxaptys, one who leaps; 7x4vs, fish.) 2747. SCARTICHTHYS RUBROPUNCTATUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 4; depth 4 (5 with caudal); D. XI-16; A. 20; eye 44 in head; teeth less flexible than in Rupiscartes atlanticus ; no canine teeth; the fore- head not projecting beyond the mouth; avery small tentacle on theneck, a longer fringed one above the orbit; dorsal fin deeply notched, not extend- ing or to the caudal. Color brown, marbled with black, and dotted with reddish; a black spot on the anterior part of the dorsal; throat with 2 or 3 brownish cross bands; a jet-black spot behind eye, with a narrow edge posteriorly. (Giinther.) Coast of Peru and Chile, north to Panama. Specimens examined by us collected by Prof. Frank H. Bradley at Pearl Islands, near Panama, and at Callao. Length 3 inches. (ruber, red; punctatus, spotted. ) Salarias rubropunctatus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 348, 1836, Juan Fernandez (Coll. Clande Gay); GUNTHER, Cat., mI, 249, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 628; not of KNER, Novara-Fische, 198. 891. RUPISCARTES, Swainson. Alticus,t COMMERSON, in LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 458, 1800 (saliens). Alticus,: CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 337, 1836 (alticus). Rupiscartes, SWALNSON, Nat. Hist. Class’n Anim., I, 275, 1839 (alticus). This genus, as here understood, differs from Salarias only in the presence in 1 or both jaws of posterior canines. Dorsal fin continuous, without deep notch. Vertebre 12+ 22—34 (atlanticus). (rupes, rock; Gxaptys, one who leaps; Rupiscartes tridactylus (alticus), ‘said to jump on the sea rocks like a lizard.” Swainson.) * Salarias, CUVIER, Régne Anim., Ed. 2, 11, 175, 1829 (quadripinnis). Erpichthys, SwAIn- son, Nat. Hist. Class’n. Anim. 0, 275, 1839 (quadripinnis, etc). (caddpia, a modern Greek name of Blennius basilicus.) + We do not think that the name Alticus can be substituted for Rupiscartes, because Lacépéde does not adopt this genus of Commerson, but merges it in Blennius, quoting Commerson’s account asafootnote. This is as follows: ‘‘Alticus saltatorius, pinna spuria in capitis vertice; seu pinnula longitudinali pone oculos cartilaginea; seu alticus desultor, occipite cristato, ore circulare deorsum patulo.’’ Apparently this quotation of a generic description not approved, does not give priority to the latter. + This genus Alticus is not adopted by Cuvier & Valenciennes. Valenciennes speaks of ‘un petit Salarias que nous parait étre celui-l4 méme sur lequel Commerson avait établi son genre Alticus.”’ But a genus is not established until it is accepted by some authority as well as defined. | ; Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2397 2748. RUPISCARTES ATLANTICUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 4 to 44; depth 34 to 33. D. XII, 21 or XIII, 20; A. 24 or 25; verte- bre 12+22—34; eye 4 to 44 in head. Body rather high, compressed. Head short, very blunt, its width about 2 in the length; anterior profile from first dorsal spine to above eye straight or slightly convex; from thence to tip of snout abruptly decurved, in some specimens nearly vertical. Mouth inferior, lower jaw included; maxillary about reaching posterior border of eye. Teeth small, pectinate, the lower canines exceedingly large and entering the cavity in the palate. Supraorbital tentacle well devel- oped, slender; a group of 5 or 6 short tentacles on either side of head in front of nostrils and on either side of neck, these shorter than pupil. Dor- sal fin not emarginate, extending from a point above middle of operculum to base of caudal; anal lower than soft dorsal, 14 to 2 in dorsal; pectorals reaching past vent, about equaling head; ventrals about 2in head. “The intestinal tract is more than 3 times as long as the entire body. The strue- ture of the skeleton is very similar to that of the Blennies; the jaw bones, however, are still shorter, and the intermaxillary and mandibulary are deeply concave anteriorly. There are 12 abdominal and 22 caudal verte- brie, the former portion being only $ as long as the caudal.” (Giinther. ) Some specimens, apparently males, with the anterior profile vertical and very high; fins high; caudal lanceolate, the black median rays much exceeding the outer pale ones, Females with the anterior profile a nearly even curve, the caudal lunate, its median black rays shorter than the outer pale ones. Body liver brown, paler below, with usually 5 or 6 darker cross bars extending on the dorsal; a black spot behind eye in all; fins mostly blackish, an orange area on upper edge of caudal; a yellow one tinged reddish below; eye red posteriorly. Length 6 to 8 inches. Tropical America, on both coasts, very abundant in rock pools, north to West Indies and to Todos Santos. Here described from specimens from Mazatlan. Punaru, MARCGRAYVE, Hist. Brazil, 165, 1648, Brazil. Salarias atlanticus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 321, 1836, Madeira (Coll. Richardson), Antilles (Coll. Plée); GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 11, 242, 1861. Rupiscartes atlanticus, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 333. 892. ENTOMACRODUS,* Gill. Salarias, SwWAINsON, Nat. Hist. Class’n Fishes, 1, 274, 1839 (vermicularis; not of CUVIER). Entomacrodus, GIL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1859, 168 (nigricans). This genus has large posterior canines as in Rupiscartes, but the dorsal fin is divided into 2 fins as in Scartichthys. (év,in; romos, cutting; dxpos, sharp; 0dovs, tooth.) a. Orbitalcirrus present; dorsal rays XII or XIII-15; canines small. b. Cirrus above eye divided; anal rays 15. CHIOSTICTUS, 2749. bb. Cirrus above eye simple or nearly so; analrays 18; body with pearly spots. MARGARITACEUS, 2750. * This genus is equivalent to Salarias of Swainson, but the generic name Salarias was based on Salarias quadripinnis, before either of the species referred to it by Swainson was made known. 2398 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. aa. Orbital cirrus wanting; no cirri at nape. c. Dorsal rays XII-19; anal 15; body rather slender, the depth about 5 in length ; body with bands and spots. DECORATUS, 2751. ce. Dorsal rays XI-15; anal17; body very slender, the depth about 6 in length; color blackish, nearly plain. NIGRICANS, 2752. 2749. ENTOMACRODUS CHIOSTICTUS (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 44 in length; depth 54. D. XII-15; A. 15; eye 3} to 4} in head, varying with age. Body moderately elongate, compressed, the head short, blunt, almost globular, about as broad as deep, and a little longer than broad. Mouth inferior, with little lateral cleft, the lower jaw included; width of cleft of mouth } length of head. Teeth small, weak, finely pectinate; canine teeth small, not so long as diameter of pupil. Supraorbital cirrus divided into 4, its height } that of eye; a few minute slips at the nape. Interorbital space channeled, narrower than eye. Maxillary extending to behind middle of eye. No crest on top of head. First dorsal low and even, its spines rather slender, the last spines short, scarcely connected by membrane with the soft rays; soft dorsal well separated from caudal; caudal subtruncate, with rounded angles; anal lower than soft dorsal, with a little longer base; pectorals a little longer than head; ventrals about 4 as long. Color in life, olive brown above, lighter below; 5 broad, dark bars from dorsal fin to middle of sides, each terminating above on the fin, and below on sides in a pair of black spots; sometimes only the dark spots are distinguishable, the bars being obscure; sides below spinous dorsal with numerous black specks, and with numerous oblong spots of bright silvery; sometimes a silvery streak from upper portion of base of pectorals to base of caudal; a broad salmon- colored streak on each side of ventral line; sometimes the space between the silvery lateral band and the base of the anal is darker, the vertical bars again appearing as pairs of black, vertical blotches; head yellowish olive, darker above, and reticulating with narrow brown lines, these appearing as parallel bars on the upper lip, and radiating from the median line on the upper side of the head; vertical fins light grayish, with black spots, which appear as wavy bars on the caudal fin; pectorals and ven- trals pale, the former with a yellowish shade at base; orbital tentacles bright red. Pacific coast of Mexico. Known from 4 specimens (the largest 24 inches in length), taken in a deep rock pool at Mazatlan. Two. others taken by the Albatross from Clarion Island. (yz@v, snow; 6r1xTOs, spotted. ) Salarias chiostictus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 363, 1883, Mazatlan, Mexico. (Coll. Jordan & Gilbert.) 2750. ENTOMACRODUS MARGARITACEUS (Poey). Head 5 in total length with caudal; depth 64. D. XII-14; A.I, 14; eye 4} in head, well forward. Body large, snout abruptly decurved; mouth very low, maxillary reaching anterior nostril, which has a little tentacle ; (canines small) ; small tentacle over eye; gill membranes broadly connected, free from isthmus; dorsal deeply emarginate, almost divided; anal begin- ning under middle of body without caudal, and anal papille and caudal Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2399 rounded; ventrals short; lateral line present anteriorly, no tentacles on nape. Color brown, with 2 vertical bands of a dusky silvery; a central point in each band shining bright. One specimen, 24 inches long. Cuba. (Poey.) Perhaps a Salarias. : We have the following netes on a specimen, possibly the type of this species, sent by Poey to the museum at Cambridge: Head 43; depth 5. D. XII-15; A. 18. Body slender. Interorbital concave. Head short, blunt, almost round; a small cirrus over the eye, none on nape. Canines present, small. Body with about 6 dark cross bars besides pearly spots and various markings. Dorsal divided nearly to base. Closely resembles Salariichthys textilis. (margarita, “.apyapirns, pearl.) Salarias margaritaceus, Poky, Memorias, It, 289, 1861, Cuba. (Coll. Posey.) 2751. ENTOMACRODUS DECORATUS, Poey. Head 5 in total length with caudal; depth 5. D. XII-19; A.15; P. 14. Eye very high; anterior nostril prolonged in a tube; nape following a straight line to the posterior nostril, profile thin, following a straight and oblique line to mouth, which is very low and short, the maxillary reaching posterior nostril. Lower jaw shorter. Teeth movable, numerous, incurved, close set, in 1 row. (Canines not described.) No cilia on head. Dorsals of equal length, the soft rays more elevated; anal similar to second dorsal; pectoral broad, its lower rays thickened; caudal rounded. Color brownish yellow; the body with darker cross bands, which begin below the middle of the first dorsal, alternating with narrower spaces of the ground color; along the middle and edges of the bands vertical rows of sky-blue spots; in the pale interspaces below the lateral line, which is much curved, a white spot; 3 pale spots placed obliquely below the eye; rays of dorsal and caudal dotted with black. One specimen, 2 inches long. Cuba. (Poey.) Not seen by us; perhaps a Salarias. (decoratus, decorated. ) Entomacrodus decoratus, POEY, Synopsis, 398, 1868, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) 2752. ENTOMACRODUS NIGRICANS, Gill. The elongated body, from the snout to the end of the caudal fin, is between 7 and 8 times longer than it is high at the pectorals. Its height at the caudal is about ;'; of the same length. The head is subquadrate, and forms 3 of the total length. Its greatest height equals } of its length. Its sides decline obliquely outward and downward. The first dorsal com- mences near the nape, and 2 of its rays are in advance of the pectorals. The second dorsal commences immediately behind the first, and nearly over the fourth ray of the anal, it ceases some distance from the base of the caudal. The analis more uniform in height than the dorsal, and ceases before it does. The caudal forms less than } of the total length. D.XI-15; A.17; P.15; V.3. The general color of the body and fins is blackish. West Indies. A single specimen was caught in shallow water, at the island of Barbados, near Bridgetown. (Gill.) Notseenbyus. (nigricans, blackish.) Entomacrodus nigricans, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 168, Barbados. (Coll. Dr. Gill.) 2400 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 893. SALARIICHTHYS, Guichenot. Salariichthys, GUICHENOT, Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, XI, 1867, 96 (textilis). This genus differs from Entomacrodus in the presence of teeth on the vomer; dorsal deeply notched; cirri present over eye and on nape; pos- terior canines small. (Satarias; 7y§vs, fish.) . 2753. SALARIICHTHYS TEXTILIS (Quoy & Gaimard). D. XII, 16; A.18. A few bluntish teeth on vomer; tentacles very small, fringed over nostril and eye, simple on neck; canines quite short; depth 42; head 42; pectoral short, little longer than head; gill membranes broadly united, free from isthmus; dorsal notched almost to base, free from caudal; orbital filament } eye. Olive, with 13 silvery cross streaks, not + as wide as the dark interspaces, some of the cross streaks Y-shaped ; both dorsals with cross markings, the second with 12 or 13 streaks of dark obliquely upward and backward, alternately with similar pale streaks; cross bars on sides bent in middle, extending up and back and down and back from middle line parallel with muscular impressions; sides with some obscure pale dots; caudal barred with 7 dark bars; anal darkest mesially; lower side of head with dark streaks radiating from the isth- mus; bars at chin Y-shaped, upper part of head with darker markings; pectoral nearly plain; a dusky area at base below which is a dusky spot; marblings at base of dorsal. West Indies, from Bermudas to Brazil. Here described from a specimen from Abrolhos Islands (Coll. Albatross). This specimen agrees fairly with the account given by Jenyns, but Jenyns describes 5 bars on the tail. It also agrees fairly with the account of the Bermuda specimens given by Goode. It is evidently the Salarias vo- merinus of Cuvier & Valenciennes, and probably their tertilis also; but their description of the latter does not apply very well to the coloration of our specimen. (textilis, woven.) Salarias textilis, Quoy & GAIMARD MS., CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 307, 1836, Ascension Island (Coll. Quoy & Gaimard); GUNTHER, Cat., m1, 248, 1861; GoopE, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., v, 29, 1876. Salarius vomerinus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 349, 1836, Bahia. (Coll. Blanchet.) Salariichthys textilis, JORDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 329. 894. OPHIOBLENNIUS, Gill. Blennophis, VALENCIENNES, in WEBB & BERTHELOT, Poiss. Tles Canar., 60, 1844 (webbii; not Blennophis, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, a genus of Clinine). Ophioblennius, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 103 (webbii; substitute for Blennophis). Body oblong, strongly compressed, scaleless; snout short, high, abruptly decurved anteriorly; symphysis of lower jaw of 4 hooked canines, the outer strongest and bent backward, almost forming a right angle; sides of lower jaw with 2 or 3 still larger canines, the hindermost very large and bent backward; upper jaw with 4 slender canines in front, followed by a long row of shorter, slender, movable teeth, which are set close together; nasal tentacle digitate; a low, simple tentacle above eye; gill openings wide. Dorsal fin long, the spines slender, separated by aslight notch from Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2401 the soft rays; caudal lunate or forked, free from dorsal and anal; ventrals small, I, 2; lateral line incomplete; pectorals large. A strongly marked genus, perhaps more nearly allied to Blennius than to Emblemaria or Chenopsis. (001s, snake; Blennius, in allusion to the fang-like teeth. ) a. D. X,20; A. 20; depth 53 in length. WEBBII, 2754. aa. D. XI, 22; A. II, 23; depth 44 in length. STEINDACHNERI, 2755. 2754. OPHIOBLENNIUS WEBBII (Valenciennes). Head 5; depth5}. D.X,20; A.20; P.16. A slender tentacle above eye in front, and a much broader one, divided into 4 to the base, above the nostril. Snout obtuse, nearly vertical at tip; eye large; 4 teeth at end of upper jaw, strongly pointed, curved backward like hooks; lower jaw with 4 teeth at tip, the two middle ones like upper teeth, the two outer hidden and turned backward; a little recurved tooth on side of lower jaw; caudal fin forked; dorsal somewhat notched at the last spine; lateral line ending near middle of body. Olive green, light or dark; dorsal and anal dusky violet, the base pale; back and sides often with fine points; a dark spot behind eye; the silvery swim bladder showing through sides of belly. (Steindachner). Tropical Atlantic; known only from the Canaries and Barbados; not seen by us. (Named for P. B. Webb, one of the explorers of the Canary Islands. ) Blennophis webbii, VALENCIENNES, in WEBB & BERTHELOT, Iles Canar., Poiss., 60, pl. 20, f.1, 1844, Fortaventura, Canary Islands (Coll. Webb); ‘caught in myriads at Puerto de Cabras in August, eaten as Anchovias’’ (Webb); GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 259, 1861; STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Notizen, v1, 48, 1867. Ophioblennius webbi, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 756, 1883. 2755. OPHIOBLENNIUS STEINDACHNERI, Jordan & Evermann, new species. Head 4 to 43; depth 4 to 44. D.XI, 22; A.II, 23; V.1,2; P.15. Head much compressed; eye 3} in head; snout 44. Dorsal beginning above gill opening, ending just before caudal, its soft rays somewhat higher than the spines, the highest spine 13 in head; caudal and pectorals each about as long as head; ventrals 14 in head. Dark golden brown, sometimes with a broad cross band of dusky violet on back and dorsal fin; caudal with 2 dark longitudinal stripes; dorsal and anal purplish or orange; an intense, round, dark, ocellated spot behind eye. (Steindachner.) West coast of Mexico; not seen by us; recorded from near Mazatlan and the Tres Marias Islands. (Named for Dr. Franz Steindachner. ) Blennophis (Ophioblennius) webbi, STEINDACHNER, Ich. Beitr., vit, 41, 1879, 5 specimens 70 mm. long, from Navidad near Mazatlan and the Tres Marias Islands. Ophioblennius steindachneri, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes N. and M. A., 472, 1896, name only, Tres Marias Islands; after STEINDACHNER. 895. EMBLEMARIA, Jordan & Gilbert. Emblemaria, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 627 (nivipes). Body slender, not eel-shaped, compressed, scaleless. Ventrals present, jugular, each of 1 spine and 2 soft rays. A single high dorsal fin begin- ning on the nape and extending to the caudal, with which it is not conflu- 2402 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. ent; no notch between spinous and soft parts. Head cuboid, compressed, narrowed anteriorly. Symphysis of lower jaw forming a very acute angle. A single series of strong, blunt, conical teeth on each jaw, and on vomer and palatines. Vomer and palatine teeth larger, their series continuous, parallel to the series in upper jaw. No cirri at the nape; sometimes a cirrus on upper part of eyeball. Gill openings very wide, the membranes broadly united below, free from the isthmus. Lateral line obsolete. This genus bears some resemblance to Blennius, but the dentition is entirely different, approaching that of Chanopsis. Tropical America, in rather deep water. (Hmblema; &SAnwa, a banner.) a. Eye without cirrus. b. Depth 5 in length; dorsal rays 33; ventrals not pure white. ATLANTICA, 2756. bb. Depth 7 in length; dorsal rays 37; ventrals pure white. NIVIPES, 2757. aa. Eye with a long cirrus on eyeball above pupil; ventrals dusky; maxillary not extending beyond eye. OCULOCIRRIS, 2758. 2756. EMBLEMARIA ATLANTICA, Jordan & Evermann, new species. Head 32; depth 5. D.35; A.24; P.15; V.3. Body slender, compressed ; head heavy ; snout evenly decurved; mouth large, horizontal, reaching back of eye. Jaws with short, strong, incurved conical teeth. Fin rays long and filamentous, the longest dorsal rays as long as head; anal rays shorter. Coloration faded in the type, but traces of about 7 broad brown vertical bars as broad as eye and twice as broad as the pale interspaces, the dark bars extending upon dorsal fin; ventrals pale. Gulf of Mexico. Known from 1 specimen, 34 inches long, taken from the stomach of Neomenis aya, on the Snapper Banks off Pensacola, Florida; very close to £. nivipes, but more robust, with fewer dorsal rays. Emblemaria atlantica, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 472, 1896, name only, Snapper Banks off Pensacola, Florida. (Type, No. 33915. Coll. Silas Stearns.) 2757. EMBLEMARIA NIVIPES, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 3% in length; depth 7. D. XXIII, 14; A. 25. Body everywhere equally compressed, posteriorly tapering; head wider than body, of about equal depth, with very short, subvertical, sharply compressed snout; eyes very large, approximated above, with some vertical range; orbital ridges sharply raised above, the interorbital region very narrow, channeled, about equaling diameter of pupil; eye 3} in head. Gape very wide, hori- zontal, low, reaching much beyond eye, the maxillary about + head, not produced beyond angle of mouth; intermaxillaries separated by a groove from the snout, this groove continuous for the entire length of the upper jaw, maxillary not evident, apparently adnate to the skin of the preorbital. First dorsal spine inserted over margin of preopercle; spines all very slender and flexible, the posterior but weakly differentiated from the soft rays, the anterior portion of fin very high, the spines filiform, not exserted beyond the membrane; the longest dorsal spine about 4 length of body, the last spine about + head; membranes of last rays of both dorsal and anal slightly joined to base of caudal. Front of anal nearer snout than oe Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2403 base of caudal by a distance equaling 4 length of head. Caudal # length of head; ventrals and pectorals slightly less. Color in spirits, sides dark brown, with 8 to 10 lighter vertical bars of variable width; body lighter below; obscure cross bands on lower side of head; dorsal blackish ante- riorly, whitish behind, with membrane at intervals of every second, third, or fourth ray dusky; caudal light at base, its tip blackish; anal dusky translucent; ventrals bright white, the basal portion dusky. Pearl Islands, near Panama. Aspecimen 2 inches long is the type of the species. Numer- ous smaller specimens were obtained at the same time. (nix, nivis, snow; pes, foot.) Emblemaria nivipes, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 627, Pearl Islands, near Panama. (Type, No. 29676. Coll. Prof. Frank H. Bradley.) 2758. EMBLEMARIA OCULOCIRRIS, Jordan. Head 33; depth 63. D. about 35; A.25. Upper part of eyeball above pupil (sclerotica) with a slender cirrus tipped with black, this nearly as long as eye; eye longer than snout, about 3} in head, the maxillary extend- ing to below posterior part of pupil; snout sharper than in Lmblemaria nivipes, } eye; teeth small, rather sharp, directed backward; longest dorsal spines as long as head; pectorals 14 in head; ventrals 12, inserted before pectorals. Color in spirits, brown, with traces of about 9 blackish cross bars, which are separated on the back by whitish, quadrate inter- spaces; a white spot at nape; some dusky below eye; dorsal dusky, the pale bars of back extending on its base; anal dusky; ventrals blackish; caudal pale, its tip black; pectorals pale. Gulf of California. Known from 1 specimen, 14 inches long, from La Paz. It is shriveled and in poor condition. It seems to be very close to Emblemaria nivipes, but differs in the presence of an ocular cirrus, in the sharper snout, smaller mouth, and dusky ventrals. The teeth seem rather more slender, but can not be well examined. (oculus, eye; cirrus, filament.) Emblemaria ceulocirris, JORDAN, in GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 456, La Paz. (Type, No. 47749. Coll. Albatross.) 896. CHAZNOPSIS, Gill. Ohenopsis, GILL, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vit, 1865, 141 (ocellatus). Body naked, eel-like. Head much elongate, quadrate behind, conic in front, profile straight; snout acute, jaws produced; no teeth on vomer, teeth in front of jaws strong, with villiform teeth behind them. Dorsal and anal long, continuous, confluent with the caudal. Dorsal rays about XVII, 38; anal II, 38. Ventrals inserted slightly before pectorals. West Indies. (yaiva@, to yawn; Oyis, face.) 2759. CHENOPSIS OCELLATUS, Poey. D. XVIII, 38; A. II, 38; C. 15. Body naked, eel-like; anus submedian. Head much elongate, quadrate behind at the opercular region, conic in front, with the profile rectilinear and the snout acute; eyes moderate; 2404 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. mouth large, with the cleft wide and nearly horizontal. ‘Teeth subcylin- drical, in a uniform row, behind which, in front, there is a broad band of villiform teeth; on the palatine bones, uniserial and obtusely subeylin- drical like those of the jaws; the palatine rows are parallel; vomer eden- tulous. Gill membranes confluent below, free from the isthmus. Dorsal and anal long, confluent with caudal; ventrals slightly in advance of pec- torals, with 2 or 3 rays. (Gill.) Matanzas, Cuba; 1 specimen, examined by us in the National Museum. (ocellatus, having eye-like spots.) Cheenopsis ocellatus, POEY, in GILL, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vim, 1867, 143, Matanzas, Cuba, (Coll. Poey.) 897. LUCIOBLENNIUS, Gilbert. Lucioblennius, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 103 (alepidotus). Body very elongate, wholly naked; gill membranes broadly united, free from isthmus; dorsal fin single, extending along the entire back, its ante- rior half spinous. Ventrals in front of pectorals, I, 2. First two anal rays spinous. Last rays of dorsal and anal joined to caudal. Teeth conic, not movable, in jaws and on vomer and palatines. Lateral line not de- scribed. Astrange genus, evidently very close to Chenopsis. (Lucius, pike; Blennius, blenny.) 2760. LUCIOBLENNIUS ALEPIDOTUS, Gilbert. Head 3 in length; depth 3} in head. D. XVIII, 32; A. II, 30. Body much compressed, slender throughout, the head rather deeper and wider than body. Snout long, depressed, and rather wide, the anterior profile descending very gradually. Mouth nearly horizontal, the lower jaw pro- truding, the gape extending to much behind orbit, the entire physiognomy remarkably pike-like. Snout 4 in head; maxillary 12; eye4} to 5. Teeth in a villiform band in upper jaw, the outer series slightly larger; in lower jaw in a single series laterally, widening into a patch anteriorly, the outer enlarged; a few teeth only on vomer; palatines with a long and rather broad patch similar to those in jaws. Dorsal fin beginning on the nape in advance of middle of opercle, the fin uniformly low, extending the whole length of back, the posterior ray joined by membrane with the caudal; the spines and rays are similar in appearance, flexible and simple, none of the soft rays branched; the spines are more slender, and show no joints, the articulations being present in small number on all the soft rays; the highest ray is less than diameter of orbit; anal and caudal rays simi- lar to those of soft dorsal; caudal short, rounded; origin of anal mid- way between tip of snout and end of caudal fin, its first 2 rays spinous; ventrals under opercular margin, of 1 spine and 2 well-developed rays, nearly 4 as long as head; pectorals narrow, of apparently unbranched rays, about 4 as long as head. Color light olivaceous, with 11 yerti- cal dark blotches on sides, most of which divide to form on middle of sides double vertical bars; top and sides of head with dark cloudings, and with numerous black specks of varying size; middle of sides and base Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2405 of dorsal with numerous pearly dots nearly as large as pupil; branchi- ostegal membrane black posteriorly; the lateral bars extended to base of dorsal, the anterior ones usually forming conspicuous black blotches which extend well up on the fin; other fins unmarked. Length 14 inches. Gulf of California; two specimens from Albatross Station 3005, in 21 fathoms. (dAemidwros, scaleless. ) Lucioblennius alepidotus, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 108, Lower California (Coll. Albatross) ; JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 233, pl. 37. 898. PHOLIDICHTHYS, Bleeker. Pholidichthys, BLEEKER, Boeroe, 406, 1856 (leucotenia). Body elongate, tapering, naked; snout obtuse; no cirri; teeth unequal, on jaws only; dorsal, anal, and caudal fins distinct, but connected by a membrane; the dorsal formed of flexible spines; the soft rays, if present, not distinguishable from them; ventrals inserted scarcely before the pec- torals, of 2rays. Lateral line and vertebre undescribed. Tropical parts of the Pacitic. (Pholis; 7y6vs, fish.) 2761. PHOLIDICHTHYS ANGUILLIFORMIS, Lockington. Head 6? in total length with caudal; depth 16. Body exceedingly elongate, much compressed, naked; upper profile of head forming a con- tinuous convex curve to the tip of the snout, which is about equal in length to the eye. Eye lateral, round; interorbital space about } of the diameter of the eye, convex transversely. Posterior extremity of maxil- lary vertical with the hinder margin of the eye. Tip of snout a little below the level from the center of the eye; mouth moderately oblique, lower jaw slightly the longer. Teeth of lower jaw in a close-set row, the largest in front, diminishing along the sides; teeth of upper jaw similar, but smaller; palate smooth. Vertical fins continuous, but distinet; dor- sal entirely spinous; anal commencing a little behind the middle of the entire length of the fish; ventrals 2-rayed, very slightly in advance of the pectorals, which are about equal in length to the distance of their base from the eye. Color in spirits, dark blackish brown mingled with white upon top, sides, and lower parts of head; interorbital area and top of snout white. Gulf of California: a single specimen dredged off San Jose Island, Amortiguado Bay. Total length 1, inches. Head }inch. The example is broken across, the branchiostegals are defective, the caudal fin broken and some fin rays missing, so that the fin formula can not be exactly given. The dorsal fin has above 60 rays. The body is much more slender than that of P. leucotwnia, Bleeker, and there is no trace of the longitudinal bluish-white band of that species. (Lockington.) (Anguilla, eel; forma, shape.) Pholidichthys anguilliformis, LOCKINGTON, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1881, 118, San Jose Island, Lower California. (Coll. W.J. Fisher.) 2406 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 899. PSEDNOBLENNIUS, Jenkins & Evermann. Psednoblennius, JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1888, 156 (hypacanthus). Body compressed, elongate, naked; head short, blunt; no cirri; mouth large, the jaws subequal; teeth in a single series in each jaw, none on vomer or palatines; lateral line not developed. Dorsal fins 2, the first at the nape, of three flexible spines; second dorsal with a few slender spines which pass into the soft rays; anal much shorter than second dorsal, both fins joined to base of candal; dorsal rays III-34; anal 27; ventral rays 2, the tin directly below pectorals. Apparently close to Pholidichthys, but with the dorsal divided and changing gradually from spines to soft rays. (wedvos, naked; Blennius.) 2762. PSEDNOBLENNIUS HYPACANTHOS, Jenkins & Evermann. Head 42 (5 in total); depth 7 (8); eye4, equal to snout; B.6. D. III-34; A.27. Body greatly compressed, elongate; head short, snout blunt, about equal to eye; anteorbital profile very steep, gently rounded from front of eye to first dorsal, from there nearly straight to caudal; ventral line nearly straight. Body naked, no membranaceous appendages. Mouth large. horizontal, jaws subequal, extending to beyond middle of eye. Teeth in a single seriesin each jaw, well developed, pretty uniform in size, slightly projecting backward; vomer and palatines apparently smooth. Eye large, equal to twice interorbital space, high up. Dorsal fins 2, the first of 3 very slender, flexible spines, hard to distinguish from soft rays, but they do not appear to be at all jointed. This fin is inserted upon the nape immediately above the posterior edge of the preopercle, and a dis- tance in front of second dorsal nearly equal to length of snout, its very soft spines equal distance from end of snout to posterior rim of orbit; second dorsal begins directly over origin of pectorals and extends to caudal, with which it is slightly connected; first few rays of second dorsal very weak, flexible spines, the last few pretty evidently soft, jointed rays, while the intermediate ones are not distinguishable as definite spines or soft rays—in short, there seems to be a gradual change from spines to soft rays from the anterior to the posterior part of the fin. This character, if we mistake not, is entirely unique. The fin is of nearly uniform height, the rays about equaling those of the first dorsal in length; anal similar to second dorsal in shape and height, but much shorter, its origin being much behind that of the second dorsal or nearly halfway from the snout to base of caudal; posteriorly it extends coterminously with the dorsal, and, like it, is slightly joined to the caudal tin; caudal fin apparently rounded, fan-shaped, but its shape can not be exactly made out, as some of its rays are broken off; pectorals inserted below axis of body, directly over ventrals, their length about ? that of head; ventrals of 2 rays, inserted under pectorals, about equal to pectorals in length; body entirely scaleless. Coloration in alcohol, pale, mottled with fine dark points so arranged as to inclose circular areas with fewer spots; a long dark bloteh behind the axil, inclining downward and backward; head covered with similar punctulations; opercles dusky; chin with 2 Sn. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2407 dark cross lines, separated by 1 of white, extending onto upper jaw on each side; top of head with a purple spot; sides with a series of about 6 short black lines, the last broadest and plainest; base of caudal with a distinct black blotch; first dorsal quite dark, almost black ; ‘second dorsal with about 8 pretty well-defined dark blotches at its base, rest of fin with numerous dark spots of different sizes; anal with about 12 dark blotches extending somewhat regularly from the base slightly forward, these separated by plain unmarked spaces of a little greater width; caudal sparingly marked with dark points arranged in wavy cross bars; pec- torals and ventrals unmarked. Gulf of California at Guaymas. A single specimen, 1} inches long, obtained from a shallow arm of the bay. (Jenkins & Evermann.) (v0, below (imperfect); axav0a, spine.) Psednoblennius hypacanthus, JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 156, Guaymas, Mexico. (Type, No. 39638. Coll. Jenkins & Evermann.) goo. STATHMONOTUS, Bean. Stathmonotus, BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 191 (hemphillii). Body moderately long and low, much compressed; head small, com- pressed, naked; mouth small, oblique; conical teeth in both jaws, in 2 series, the outer slightly enlarged and, in the upper jaw, somewhat re- curved; a few teeth on the vomer. Gill membranes, as in Pholis, broadly united, free from the isthmus. Seales none. No lateral line. Dorsal fin long and low, beginning near the head, and consisting entirely of stiff, sharp spines, which are very short anteriorly and gradually increase in size posteriorly. Anal similar to dorsal, with 2 spines and many soft rays. Caudal short, rounded, scarcely separated from the dorsal and anal; pectorals small, much smaller than in Pholis, containing only a few rays; ventrals better developed than in Pholis, their position more anterior, consisting of a spine and 2 rays. Pseudobranchiw absent. Branchios- tegals 5. Coast of Florida. (67a6s2), a carpenter’s rule; v@ros, back.) 2763. STATHMONOTUS HEMPHILLII, Bean. Head 7; depth 8 to 84; D. LI; A. II, 27; V. 1, 2: P. 5 or 6; eye 6 in head. Maxillary extending about to vertical through hind margin of eye; jaws subequal, or the lower projecting very slightly beyond upper; eyes small, separated by an interspace about equal to their own length, and very slightly greater than length of snout; pectoral very little more than ¢ as long as head, and scarcely as long as ventral; dorsal beginning over posterior end of pectoral, its anterier spines very much shorter than the posterior ones; length of caudal about equal to length of postorbital part of head; vent slightly in advance of middle of total length to base of caudal, and about under the twentieth dorsal spine. Colors from the alcoholic specimen: A white line extending from tip of snout to caudal, divided into small segments by short cross bars, the first 2 on the head, and the last at origin of caudal; posteriorly, these short bars extend downward, terminating slightly below the base of the dorsal fin; several white blotches, simulating bars, on posterior half of anal fin; edge of 2408 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. caudal white; sides and under surface of head with several whitish ob- lique bands forming V-shaped markings; a few roundish white blotches on sides of head, the most conspicuous behind eye; general color darkish brown, nearly black. Length about 2 inches. Key West; 2 specimens known. (Bean.) (Named for the collector, Henry Hemphill.) Stathmonotus hemphillii, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 191, pl. 13, Key West, Florida. (Coll. Henry Hemphill. Type, No. 37193, U.S. Nat. Mus.) gor. BRYOSTEMMA, Jordan & Starks. Bryostemma, JORDAN & STARKS, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 841 (polyactocephalum). Body moderately elongate, covered with small scales; snout short; no teeth on vomer or palatines; teeth in jaws small; gill membranes united, free from the isthinus; nostrils, orbital regions, and neck with dermal flaps, the supraorbital flaps high. Dorsal fin long, of spines only; pecto- rals well developed, more than half length of head; ventrals well devel- oped, jugular; caudal fin distinct. No air bladder or pyloric ceca. No true lateral line; a short series of large pores above pectoral. North Pa- cific, representing Chirolophis of the Atlantic. This genus differs from the European genus, Chirolophis, Swainson (Llenniops, Nilsson), in the absence of a true lateral line. Dr. Boulenger informs us that a true median lat- eral line is developed in Chirolophis ascanii. (fpvov, moss; 6réupa, crown. ) a. Dorsal with about 60 spines; anal with about 55 soft rays; a black spot on anterior part of dorsal, but no ocelli posteriorily. POLYACTOCEPHALUM, 2764. aa. Dorsal with about 54 spines; anal with 40 soft rays; dorsal with several black ocelli, most distinct posteriorly. NUGATOR, 2765. 2764. BRYOSTEMMA POLYACTOCEPHALUM (Pallas). Head 64; depth6. D. LXI; A.55(51to 57); P.14; V.I,3; lateral series with 9 to 15 pores. Body elongate, much compressed, covered with small, smooth, embedded scales. Head very short, blunt in profile; mouth short, terminal, the maxillary 3 in head; lower jaw heavy, projecting, its tip with 2 small slender cirri, which are pale in color; teeth subequal, small, bluntish, close set, in 1 row in each jaw; eyes 4 in head, near together; the snout 4; supraorbital cirri 24 in head; interorbital space flat; a flat fringed cirrus over front of eye, these 2 joined at base, about 3 in head; a small cirrus about } length of this over posterior part of each eye, these 5 to 6 in head; top of head and nape covered with series of erect cirri, the longest nearly as long as eye; about 15 minute cirri along dorsal edge of lateral line, 1oneach pore. Rows of pores running around eye, under pre- opercle, and along entire length of the short lateral line; lateral series of pores + length of head; gillrakers not developed. Dorsal fin beginning over pectoral and running to caudal; anterior rays fringed with fleshy cirri; first ray, including cirri, 2 in length of head; anal beginning close be- hind vent and running to caudal, to which it is joined at base; distance from tip of snout to vent nearly 3 in body; pectoral fin but little shorter than head, its breadth at base not } its length. Color in spirits, pale ret SS ———— eee eee eee Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2409 brownish, plain or mottled with darker, with about 13 dark blotches along dorsal and anal fins, more distinct on dorsal; a black spot on fourth to sixth dorsal spines very distinct; a faint one on anterior part of anal; a few dark markings about head and nape; cirri mostly pale. Bering Sea, south to Puget Sound and Yezo. Here described from a fine specimen, 64 inches long, from Port Orchard, near Seattle, collected by Prof. O. B. John- son. Other specimens before us from St. Paul (Pribilof Islands), from Albatross Stations 3213 and 3274, south and north of the Peninsula of Alaska, and from Petropaulski Harbor, Kamchatka. These specimens show a great deal of variation, and possibly represent 3 different species. It is more likely, however, that they represent extremes of variation. Young examples, collected by the Albatross in eastern Bering Sea, are more elongate and less compressed; body much mottled and vaguely barred; ventral fins checkered in fine pattern; head sand color; a black blotch on fourth to sixth dorsal spine; anterior dorsal spine little elevated and with few fringes; sides of head without cirri; anterior cirri joined almost to the tip, a little shorter than the posterior cirri, which are long and very slender. In 1 specimen of these, however, the cheeks are coy- ered with densely matted cirri extending from the angle of the mouth to the dorsal. In these examples the anterior cirri are short and sep- arate, about as long as the posterior cirri. The larger example, 75 cm. long, from Petropaulski, is evidently the typical polyactocephalum, and corresponds perfectly to Herzenstein’s account of B. japonicum. It shows the following characters: Head 64; depth 5}. D. LXI; A. 45; P. 14; V. I, 3; lateral series with 6 pores. Body a little deeper than in Puget Sound examples; head short, blunt in profile; mouth short, terminal, oblique, the maxillary 2} in head; lower jaw heavy, projecting, its tip with 2 broad fringed flaps of a dark color; eyes 4 in head, close together, the interorbital space concave; a fringed cirrus above each eye in front, the 2 connected with each other only in the thickened skin at base; a similar cirrus over each eye behind; the posterior cirri | longer than the ante- rior ones, 2} in head; top of head and nape with similar cirri, none of them longer than pupil; a few small cirri on cheeks and opercles; some along lateral series of pores, which is 2} in head; anterior rays of dorsal fringed with fleshy cirri, the first 2 in head; distance from snout to vent 23 in body; pectorals nearly as long as head, the rays thickened in the adult, the base of the fin about 4 itslength. Color very dark brown, with vague cross bands and many spots; dorsal and anal each with a broad black edge; other fins all black, the caudal barred. Perhaps the dark coloration and long cirri are characters of the adult male. (woAvs, many; antis, ray; x&é¢aAr, head.) Blennius polyactocephalus, PALLAS, Zool. Rosso-Asiat., III, 179, 1811, Kamchatka. Chirolophus japonicus, HERZENSTEIN, Mélanges Biologiques Soc. Sci. Petersb., x11, 1890, 123, Yezo. Chirolophis polyactocephalus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 765, 1883; BEAN in Nelson, Rept. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 305, pl. 15, f. 2, 1887. Bryostemma polyactocephalum, JORDAN & STARKS, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 841; JORDAN & GILBERT, Rept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898. 3030-——T74 2410 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2765. BRYOSTEMMA NUGATOR, Jordan & Williams. Head 54; depth 53; D. LIV; A. 41; V. I, 3; pores of lateral line 25. Body elongate, less compressed than in Bryostemma polyactocephalum, cov- ered with small, smooth, embedded scales. Head short, very obtuse, almost truncate; top of head from nostrils to near front of dorsal covered with fleshy cirri, much smaller than in B. polyactocephalum; only 2 or 3small ones extending on first dorsal spine; supraorbital cirrus short, 4 to 5 in head; 2 small cirri placed at the sides of snout with a larger median one behind them, forming a triangle; jaws equal; mouth horizontal, the angle extend- ing to below pupil; eyes small, 4 in head; snout very short, almost verti- cally truncate, } in eye; teeth of both jaws subequal, short, bluntish, and close set. Lateral line short, 7} in length of body, concurrent with the dorsal outline of body. A line of pores begins in front of eye on a level with pupil, runs under eye and to a level with pupil again, then back to and along the entire length of the short lateral line. Gill rakers not developed; gill membranes free from isthmus. Vent } distance from tip of snout to tip of caudal; distance from origin of ventral to anus 44 in “leigth of body Pectoral fin 54in body, aslong as head. Dorsal fin begin-— ning in front of the pectoral, highest along the posterior half, the long- est spine 23 in head, the fin higher than anal; dorsal slightly joined to caudal; anal separated from caudal; caudal rounded, 12 in head; first dorsal spine 44 in head, its surface with 2 or 3 small cirri. Color in spir- its of 1 specimen, probably male, dark brown, with 13 pale cross bars along back, extending on dorsal fin; along sides these become obsolete; on belly they become increased in number and broadened below; dorsal fin with 13 large, very distinct black ocelli with yellowish rings, 1 between each pair of the pale blotches; anal with about 7 small blackish spots at base on posterior part, the fin otherwise nearly plain; caudal faintly barred with light and dark; pectorals pale, with 2 dark pale- edged oblique bars before it; sides of head with irregular dark vertical bars, 1 of them forming an inverted A below eye, this and others extend- ing across lower jaw; cirri mostly black. The other specimen, probably - the female, has the body nearly plain brown, the dorsal with but 4 ocelli, the anterior 9 being replaced by dark bars on the fin; anal with dark oblique cross bars; pectorals barred with black; markings on head more sharply defined, coloration otherwise similar. This second specimen is 44 inches in length, the other 4. Puget Sound; the above account from the 2 original types from near Seattle. Three otbers since obtained near Channel Rocks, Port Orchard, show the following life coloration: Dark red above, orange brown below, belly cream color; sides below with cream-colored cross bars, wider than eye, running from the axi8 of body downward and fading into the general color below; a A-shaped mark downward from eye across branchiostegals to isthmus, a similar mark behind eye across edge of preopercle, this last sometimes broken up and chain-like; top of head dark; snout light; 2 oblique dark bars at base of pectoral; dorsal with 12 or 13 sharp dark brown spots as large as eye, edged with bright red, these arranged regularly along the whole length of fin; pectorals and caudal bright red with wavy, irregular, brown Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2411 lines running across the rays; anal red, with dark brown bars as wide as the interspaces running obliquely downward and forward; ventrals light brown. (nugator, a fop.) Bryostemma nugator, JORDAN & WILLIAMS, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 843, pl. 101, Seattle, Washington. (Coll. Young Nat. Soc. Type, No. 3134, L. S. Jr. Univ.) go2. APODICHTHYS, Girard. Apodichthys, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.1854, 150 (jlavidus). Body elongate, compressed, covered with very small scales; no lateral line; snout short; mouth moderate, oblique; teeth in the jaws moderate, stouter anteriorly; vomer with teeth; gill membranes united, free from the isthmus.: Dorsal fin long, low, even, of spines only; anal fin similar, preceded by a very large pen-shaped spine channeled along its anterior surface and hidden in a pouch of skin; caudal fin short, connected with dorsal and anal; no ventral fins; pectoral fins moderate; intestinal canal short, without pyloric cca. Small, bright-colored fishes of the Pacific, living among rocks nearshore. (azovs, without feet; 2y4Us, fish; in allu- sion to the want of ventral fins.) a. Color various, green, olive, or scarlet; sides of head without silvery band; depth 7 ’ to 8 in length; head 9. FLAVIDUS, 2766. b. General color olivaceous. var. jlavidus, 2766a. bb. General color scarlet. var. sanguincus, 2766b. bbb. General color grass green. var. virescens, 2766c. aa. Color reddish; a bluish silvery stripe on side of head; depth 9 to 10 in length; head 7. UNIVITTATUS, 2767. 2766. APODICHTHYS FLAVIDUS, Girard. Head 914; depth 74. D. XCIII; A. I, 40. Head short; mouth very oblique; maxillary reaching pupil; upper jaw with a series of conical teeth, behind which is a patch of smaller teeth; sides of mandible with conical teeth in a single series, forming a patch in front; vomer with 3 conical teeth; palatines toothless; nape equidistant between front of dor- sal and pupil. Anal spine very large, + length of head, shaped like a pen, deeply excavated on its anterior side, and very convex behind, very thin, flexible, and with sharp edges, entirely included in a pouch of skin; pec- toral fins aLout ? length of head. Color orange, varying with the sur- roundings to intense grass-green (var. virescens), yellowish brown (var. flavidus), crimson and dark purple (var. sanguineus); a few light round spots along axis of body posteriorly; a narrow black bar downward and backward from eye; a shorter, less distinct bar from upper margin of orbit backward to occiput; anal fin obliquely barred with brownish. Length 18 inches. Pacific coast, Vancouver Island to the Santa Barbara Islands; abundant; usually found below low tide mark. The following color notes are from specimens taken in Puget Sound belonging to the green form (var. virescens), the larger 10 inches in length, the smaller 3 inches. The large one is a bright grass-green, mottled with light gray; a series of blended white spots, as large as eye, along the axis of body 2412 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. from the pectoral fin to the middle of caudal peduncle; belly with many similar spots smaller in size and somewhat sharper in outline; a row of conspicuous black spots, irregular in size, shape, and position, along back at the base of dorsal spines; 2 black line as wide as pupil from nape to eye, a similar line from eye to posterior end of maxillary; a faint light streak across cheek posteriorly; cheek and hase of pectoral dusted with fine dark points. The small one is bright green without distinct markings on body; a silvery bar, running posteriorly from tip of snout through eye, across cheek, to the middle of opercle; no bar downward from eye to maxillary, or from eye to nape as in the large one. (flavidus, yellowish. ) Apodichthys jlavidus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 1854, 150, Presidio, San Francisco Bay (Coll. Dr. Kennerly. Type, No. 494, U. S. Nat. Mus.); Girarp, Pac. R. R. Surv., x, Fishes, 117,1858; GUNTHER, Cat., 290, 1861; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 769, 1883. Apodichthys virescens, AYRES, Proce. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci. 1855.55, San Francisco; GIRAED, Pac. R. R. Surv., X, Fishes, 118, 1858. Apodichthys inornatus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 279, Puget Sound, probably (Coll. Northwestern Boundary Commission); D. XC; A. 38. Apodichthys sanguineus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 279, California. (Coll. Dr. Samuel Hubbard.) 2767. APODICHTHYS UNIVITTATUS, Lockington. D. about XCV; A.about 1,40. Body elongate, much compressed, band- like, preserving almost same depth to about posterior fifth of body, thence tapering more rapidly to caudal fin. Head 7; depth nearly 10 times in total length; depth of caudal peduncle about 4 of that of body; snout obtuse, about } as long as diameter of eye, upper profile of head a con- tinuous curve from snout to occiput. Interorbital area highly convex transversely, about equal in width to 4 diameter of eye. Eye entirely lateral, round, contained entirely in anterior half of head; iris golden. Mouth small, posterior extremity of the maxillary reaching to anterior marginof eye. Teethsmall. Branchiostegals5. Dorsal continuous with, but distinct from, anal, arising vertically from tip of operculum, and com- posed of spines only. Anal preceded by a long, sharp, slender spine of V-shaped transverse section, hollow side anterior, length of spine equal to about 4 depth of fish. Distance from anal spine to tip of operculum a little more than to tip of caudal. Caudal with numerous accessory rays, so that its sides are almost straight, posterior margin broken in the type, all rays simple. General color in spirits, light reddish, vertical fins rather bright, and top of head reddish brown; tip of snout brown; a silvery band (possibly bluish in life) from tip of snout, across lower part of eye, cheek, and opercles, terminating at about middle of length of operculum, this band bordered above by a narrower brown band. Lower California, probably from the gulf. A single specimen. Length 1.88 inches. The peculiar vitta upon each side of the head at once dis- tinguishes this species from the other described forms. (Lockington.) Not seen by us. (wni-vittatus, having one band.) A podichthys univittatus, LOCKINGTON, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1881, 118, Gulf of Cali- fornia. Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2413 903. XERERPES, Jordan & Gilbert. Xererpes, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 846 (fucorum). This genus differs from Apodichthys in the moderate size of the anal spine, which is rounded and not channeled on its anterior edge, and in the small size of its pectoral fins. The single known species lives in Fucus chiefly above low-tide mark and may often be shaken out of half-dry mats of sea- weed on rocks well above the water. (Eepds, dry; pms, creeper.) 2768. XERERPES FUCORUM (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 10; depth 9}. D. LXXXIII; A.35. Form and dentition as in Apo- dichthys flavidus. Mouth very oblique, the maxillary reaching center of pupil; nape nearer front of dorsal than end of snout. Anal spine compara- tively small, about + length of head, transversely very convex in front, and slightly concave or grooved behind, the pouch of skin at its base little developed; pectorals very small, shorter than eye; anal fin beginning nearer tip of caudal than tip of snout by about 3 times length of head. Bright olive green or deep red, the color varying with the surroundings; a row of dark spots along axis of body, these sometimes with light-bluish center, and connected by a very narrow dark streak; generally a dark streak downward from eye, but no other markings about head. Length 6 inches. Monterey to Puget Sound; abundant in rock pools and bunches of Fucus; remarkable for its active movements. It is found mostly in masses of Fucus attached to rocks between tide marks, and it is often found at low tide at a considerable distance from any water, kept damp by the masses of alge. Sometimes a dozen of them can be shaken from a bunch of alg attached to a dry rock. It is, like the species of Yiphidion, very active, moving over stones or sand, and showing less anxiety about the presence of its native element than any other fish known to us. (fucorum; of the Fucus or seaweed.) Apodichthys fucorum, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 139, Monterey (Coll. Jordan & Gilbert); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 770, 1883. Xererpes fucorum, JORDAN & STARKS, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 846. 904. ULVICOLA, Gilbert & Starks. Ulvicola, GILBERT & STARKS, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1894, 455 (sanct@-rose). This genus is allied to Nererpes, but differs in having the opercle above angle adnate to shoulder girdle, in the smaller size of the anal spine, and especially in the entire absence of pectoral fins. (Ulva, sea lettuce; colo, I inhabit.) 2769. ULVICOLA SANCTE-ROS#, Gilbert & Starks. Head 10 in body; depth 13. D.XCVII; A.1,40; eye 44 in head; caudal 14. Body elongate, as in Apodichthys, strongly compressed, upper profile of head slightly convex, no construction at nape; mouth very small, oblique, the maxillary reaching about to front of eye; teeth very small in 2414 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. a single row on jaws; vomer with teeth; interorbital a narrow, sharp ridge; snout about equal to length of eye; gill opening short, limited to the part below angle of opercle, above adnate to shoulder girdle. Origin of dorsal above upper end of gill opening, much nearer occiput than tip of snout; anal spine small, not channeled asin Apodichthys flavidus; origin of anal nearer base of caudal than tip of snout by a distance equal to twice length of head; pectorals and ventrals obsolete; caudal rather long, confluent with dorsal and anal. Color in spirits, light brown, slightly lighter under head and on belly; no markings. The type is a specimen 44 inches in length, collected by the Albatross at Santa Rosa Island, off Santa Barbara, January 6, 1889. (Type, No. 47579. Coll. Albatross.) Ulwicola sancte-rose, GILBERT & STARKS, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 455, pl. 55, fig. 2, Santa Rosa Island, California. 905. PHOLIS (Gronow) Scopoli. (GUNNELS. ) Pholis, GRoNow, Zoophylaceum, 78, 1765 (not binomial). Pholis, Scopout, Introd. Hist. Nat., 456,1777 (gunnellus). Murenoides, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1, 324, 1800 (sujef). Centronotus, BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 165, 1801 (fasciatus). Dactyleptus, Rafinesque Anal. de la Nature 1815, 82; substitute for Murenoides. Centronotus, CUVIER, Regne Animal, Ed. 2, 11, 239, 1829 (gunnellus). Ophisomus,* SwWAINSON, Nat. Hist. Class’n. Anim., 1, 277, 1839 (guanellus). Urocentrus, KNER, Sitzber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LVI, 1868, 51 (pictus). Rhodymenichthys, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 474, 1896 (ruberrimus = doli- chogaster). Body long and low, considerably compressed, somewhat band-shaped, the tail slowly tapering; head small, compressed, naked;t mouth rather small, oblique; jaws with rather small teeth in narrrow bands or single series; vomer and palatines usually toothless; gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus; scales very small, smooth; no lateral line. Dorsal fin long and low, beginning near the head, composed entirely of stiff, sharp, subequal spines; anal similar in form, of 2 spines and many * Substitute for Gunnellus, the latter being a barbarous word derived from “ gunwale.” ‘‘Nomina generica que ex Graca vel Latina lingua radicem non habent, regicienda sunt.” This rule has never been generally adopted. tIn Pholis nebulosus, a Japanese species, the head is scaly. This species is the type of a distinct genus; which may be called ENEDRIAS, Jordan & Gilbert, new genus. Enedrias, JORDAN & GILBERT, new genus (nebulosus). This genus differs from Pholis in the scaly head. (evédpa, lurking place.) Enedrias nebulosa (SCHLEGEL). Head 7} to 8; depth 8} to 93. D. LXXX; A. II, 39. Dorsal and anal somewhat con- nected to caudal; pectoral 2} to 23 in head. Head small. Body everywhere freckled with dark blotches; 12 dark triangular blotches along base of dorsal; a row of dusky blotches on middle of side posteriorly; 10 or 12 dark blotches on base of anal; caudal dusky, edged with pale, 2 pale cross streaks on top of head; pectoral pale. Northern Japan to Okhotsk Sea, Gulf of Strietok; our specimens from Hakodate. (nebulosus, clouded.) Gunnellus nebulosus, SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 138, 1850, Bay of Magi, Japan. Centronotus nebulosus, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., rx, 24, 1880. Enedrias nebulosus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Rept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898, with plate. Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2415 soft rays; caudal fin short and small, more or less joined to dorsal and anal; pectorals short, rather shorter than head; ventrals very small, of 1 Spine and arudimentary ray; intestinal canal short, without ceca. Shore fishes of the Northern seas. (@mAzs, name of some fish said to shelter itself when lying in wait by producing a cloud of mucus; ¢@Ads, one who lies in wait. ) UROCENTRUS (ovpa, tail; xévrpov, spine) : a. Pectoral fin small, 34 to 4 times in length of head; dorsal spines about 93; anal rays 48; body with 2 rows of dark blotches; fins nearly plain. PICTUS, 2770. aa. Pectoral fin moderate, 2 to 24 times in length of head. RHODYMENICHTHYS (Rhodymenia, a large red alga; pddov, rose; iuyjv, membrane; ixOvs, fish). b. Dorsal and anal joined to the caudal to the full height of the spines, without constriction at base of caudal; body greatly compressed, ribbon-like. Dorsal spines about 93; anal about 47; pectorals short, 22 in head; no ocelli along base of dorsal. DOLICHOGASTER, 2771. PHOLIs: bb. Dorsal and anal slightly connected with caudal, leaving a constriction of out- line at base of caudal; body less compressed; dorsal fin with dark blotches or ocelli. c, Pectoral fins well developed, about 4 length of head. Dorsal spines about 88; anal rays about 42; pectoral 24 in head; dorsal fin with dark quadrate blotches rather than ocelli; sides scarlet in adult, bounded with black. FASCIATUS, 2772. ce. Dorsal spines about 80 (76 to 85); anal rays about 40; pectoral 2 in head; dorsal fin with small rounded black blotches. GUNNELLUS, 2773. cec. Dorsal spines about 77; anal rays about 35; pectoral 2 in head; dorsal fin with ocelli, or lunate, dark blotches. ORNATUS, 2774. Subgenus UROCENTRUS, Kner. 2770. PHOLIS PICTUS (Kner). Head 94 to 103; depth 8to10. D. XCIII or XCIV; A. II, 46 to 48 (mis- printed 40 in Kner’s account). Eye as long as snont; mouth oblique, the upper jaw the longer, reaching to front of eye; pectorals very short, scarcely longer than eye, 3 to 4 in head; anal said to have an isolated channeled spine hidden in the skin, but our specimens show no peculiar structure. Color yellowish, with 2 lengthwise series of large oblong blackish blotches, the one along base of dorsal, but not on the fin, of 21 or 22 blotches, the other on lower part of sides, of about 25; a series of fainter blotches along base of anal; in other specimens the lower row be- comes obscure, the upper more distinct, and the series above anal disap- pears; a black bar downward from eye, a whitish band behind it; opercles dusky. West side of Bering Sea; our specimens from Shana Bay, Iturup Island, Kuril Group. As already shown by Steindachner, this is a typical Pholis, Kner having been in error in ascribing to it an isolated and channeled first anal spine. The ventral spines are bound down by the integument more closely than usual, but they are in other respects not peculiar. Each is accompanied by 2short spinous rays concealed in the membrane, and difficult to detect. 2416 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. The latter are stiff and pungent, and seem to be not articulated. The ventrals of P. ornatus show the same structure. Kner gives the anal formula as II, 40. This must be a misprint for II, 49, as the artist figures 51 rays in the fin, not differentiating the 2 anterior ones. (pictus, painted.) Urocentrus pictus, KNER, Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. D. Wissench., LVI, 1868, 51, taf. 7, fig. 21, Singapore; an error. Centronotus. pictus, SYEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitriige, 1x, 25, 1880. Pholis pictus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Rept. Fur. Seal Invest., 1898. Subgenus RHODYMENICHTHYS, Jordan & Evermann. 2771. PHOLIS DOLICHOGASTER * (Pallas). (BUTTER-FISH.) Head 94 in length; depth 8. D. XCII; A. II, 44; pectoral 14; eye5in head; maxillary 22; pectoral 24; caudal 2; ventral spines 13 in eye. Body elongate, much compressed; head small, its upper profile convex; mouth moderate, very oblique, the maxillary reaching to below middle of eye; teeth rather large and blunt, arranged in asingle row, the anterior one not enlarged; interorbital space narrow, without a sharp ridge, its width less than eye; snout equal in length to eye; distance from tip of snout to occi- put 12 in head. Head entirely naked; body covered with small, cycloid, inconspicuous scales. Origin of dorsal over upper end of gill slit, its dis- tance from nape equal to distance from nape to front of eye, the spines toward the anterior end of the fin the highest; origin of anal a little nearer tip of caudal than snout; dorsal and anal confluent with caudal, the anal more broadly connected than dorsal; pectorals small, rounded behind; ventral spines inserted directly under base of pectorals, their length little greater than their distance apart; caudal short and broad, well rounded in outline. Bering Sea; recorded from the Kurils, and from Robben, Bering, and Medni islands, and from Kigiktowik Bay. The speci- men above described was taken at Robben Island by Capt. J. G. Blair, then incommand of the guardship Leon. It is 9 inches long and is uniform red in color, with a few pale dots. Another specimen, 18 cm. long, taken by Mr. Gerald E. H. Barrett-Hamilton at Bering Island, shows the following characters: The color is cherry red on the body and fins, lighter on belly, lower half of cheek and under side of head; lips blackish anteriorly, a narrow black streak running from them along snout to eye and from eye across cheek and opercles toward upper edge of pectoral base; this line separates the deep-red upper part of the head from the lighter area below; * The following species is allied to Pholis dolichogaster: Pholis taczanowskii (Steindachner). Head 9: depth 10; D. LXXXII; A. II, 45; teeth bluntly conical; dorsal very low, joined to the caudal without constriction. Snout scarcely longer than eye, which is 54 in head. Pectoral3 in head. Scales very small, the head naked. Clear, yellowish gray, finely dotted, fins grayish, the pectoral yellowish; a yellowish streak edged with darker from eye to axil. Guif of Strietok. (Steindachner.) (A personal name.) Centronotus taczanowskti, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., 1x, 24, pl. 3, fig. 1, 1880, Gulf of Strietok, Okhotsk Sea. (Coll. Prof, Dybowsky.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2417 sides of body with a number of minute scattered black spots; along middle of sides is a distant series of light spots as large as pupil, the mar- , gin of each with 2 to 4 black specks like those scattered over sides. The dorsal and anal are more widely joined to the caudal than in other species, the fins being higher posteriorly and without perceptible notch. The dorsal contains 93 spines, the anal 2 spines and 47 rays, the pectorals 15 rays. Head 94 in length; depth 7%. Eye 5 in head; maxillary 3%; pec- torals 24; caudal 24; yentral spine 2} in eye. Blennius dolichogaster, Pal- las, is undoubtedly identical with Gunnellus ruberrimus, Cuvier & Valen- ciennes. They agree in the very long dorsal.and anal fins (D. XCIII, A. II, 50 in dolichogaster), and in the color. PP. dolichogaster is described as having the color brownish olive, shaded with greenish and yellowish, spotted with green above the lateral line; belly yellow; anal, caudal, and pectorals yellowish; dorsal and anal dusky, with transverse pale bars. Compare with this, details of coloration recently published concerning P. ruberrimus by Bean & Bean (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 248): ‘‘ Color olive brown, with minute black spots; belly yellowish.” In another speci- men, ‘‘Across the spinous dorsal there are 20 narrow, nearly vertical pale streaks. Similar streaks to the number of 12 cross the anal.” The species is evidently not always red in life. (doAzyos, long; yadrnp, belly.) Blennius dolichogaster, PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso—Asiat., 111, 175, 1811, Kamchatka. (Type in Mus. Berlin.) Gunnellus ruberrimus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1v, 440, 1839, Kuril Islands; after notes of PALLAS,* Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 111, 178, 1811. Gunellus dolichogaster, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 436, 1836. Centronotus dolichogaster, GUNTHER, Cat., 288, 1861. Mureenoides dolichogaster, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 768, 1883. Pholis dolichogaster, JORDAN & GILBERT, Rept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898. Rhodymenichthys ruberrimus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes North and Middle America, 474, 1896. Pholis ruberrimus, BEAN & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 248. Subgenus PHOLIS. 2772. PHOLIS FASCIATUS (Bloch & Schneider). Head 8 to 94; depth 7to 9. D.LXXXVI to LXXXIX; A.TII,42 to 44; V.I,1. Head scaleless; mouth decidedly oblique, the tip of lower jaw on level of middle of the eye; width of mouth nearly + head. Eye equal to snout, a little more than interorbital width; ventral spine } eye, 4 length of mandible; caudal } head; pectoral 24 in head; vertical fins slightly joined at base. Ground color yellowish gray in life, the sides of a brilliant scarlet; base of dorsal occupied by 10 or 11 oblong blotches of dark brown, which extend to the tips of the fins; these blotches each divided upon the fin by a median spot of the ground color; the areas of the ground color alternating with these blotches are finely speckled with brown, a large spot of brown usually occupying a median * Bright red. Form of tenia; scales inconspicuous; ventrals each a single scarcely projecting spine; caudal broad, rounded, distinct. D.CXV. Kuril Islands. (Pallas.) Murenoides ruberrimus, BEAN, in Nelson, Rept. Nat. Hist. Collections made in Alaska, 305, pl. XIV, fig, 1, 1887. 2418 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. position upon the fin; middle and lower part of sides occupied by ver- miculating brown lines on the ground color, these vermiculations arranged in more or less distinct cross bars, about 20 in number, reaching to or nearly to the midventral line, the posterior ones often continued faintly onto the anal fin; pectoral and caudal fins yellow, unmarked; a brown blotch across snout and tip of mandible, followed by a narrow yellow- ish bar descending to front of eye; interorbital space crossed by a broad brown bar with blackish margins, which become much narrower below and traverse the eye and the cheek; behind this a broader yel- low bar, margined behind with a narrow brown line. In life the eolora- tion is extremely brilliant, the pale markings being bright orange or scarlet. Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean, from Greenland to the Kurils; locally abundant; numerous fine large specimens taken from the stomachs of cormorants on Sf. Paul Island, Pribilof Group; others dredged in shallow waters. Ourspecimens from St, Paul, Bristol Bay, and Upernavik, Greenland. Three large specimens from St. Paul Island, the type locality of P. maxillaris, have been compared with a number of individuals of P. fasciatus from Upernavik, Greenland. We can appreciate no differences between the two. The size of the mouth and the length of the head are the same in specimens of equal length, and no difference exists in the development of the ventrals. The agreement seems to be perfect in the fin rays, relative proportion and coloration. Pallas’s short account of Blen- nius tenia contains nothing distinctive except the number of fin rays and the statement that the body is banded. As both of these items agree with the present species, we may safely follow Bean & Bean in making the iden- tification. In a specimen from St. Paul, 29 cm. long, the length of the maxillary is contained 2? times in distance from tip of snout to origin of dorsal: the mandible equals the length of the pectoral. In a younger example, 15 cm. long, from Bristol Bay, the maxillary is contained 3} in predorsal length; the mandible approximately equals length of pecto- ral, (fasciatus, banded.) Centronotus fasciatus, BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. ichth., 165, pl. 37, fig. 1, 1801, Tranquebar; an error? GUNTHER, Cat., II, 287, 1861. Gunnellus grenlandicus, CUVIER, & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 442, 1836, Greenland, after BLOCH & SCHNEIDER; REINHARDT, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Nat. og Mathem. Afh., vil, 122, 1838. Gunnellus murenoides, VALENCIENNES, in CUVIER, Régne Animal, Poiss., pl. 78, fig. 2, 916; after BLocH & SCHNEIDER. Blennius tenia,* PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 11, 1811, 178, Kuril Islands. ® Murenoides mazillaris, BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 147, St. Paul Island, Alaska (Type, No. 23999. Coll. Henry W. Elliott); JorpDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 768, 1883. Gunnellus fasciatus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X1, 441, 1836. Murenoides fasciatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 767, 1883. Murenoides tenia, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 766, 1883. Pholis fasciatus, GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm, 1893, 449; JORDAN & GILBERT, Rept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898. *Pholis tenia is thus described: Body banded; teeth obtuse, subdistinect; head sub- triangular, compressed; body ensiform, covered with minute embedded scales; vent median. Dorsal fin extending from near the head to the tail, the spines subequal; caudal subdistinct; pectorals small; ventrals represented by 2 recuryed spines. Body banded. D, LXXXVI; A,47. KurilIslands. (Pallas.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2419 2778. PHOLIS GUNNELLUS (Linnezus). (GUNNEL; BUTTER FIsH.) Head from 7 to 8 in body; depth 7 to 8; D. LXXVI to LXXXV; A. II, 38 to44; V.I,1; eye5 in head; maxillary 3; P.2; C.14. Head compressed, naked; mouth oblique, the maxillary reaching to front of pupil; teeth blunt, in a single row, somewhat enlarged anteriorly; interorbital a nar- row ridge about 4 eye. Distance from origin of dorsal to: nape equal to distance from nape to middle of eye; pectoral rather large, about 2 in head, inserted directly under front of dorsal. Color olive brown, sides with numerous obscure darker bars; base of dorsal with blackish spots, generally bordered with a narrow yellow line, a dark bar running down- ward and backward from eye; anal with dusky bars across the rays. This species differs from Pholis ornatus in the more numerous fin rays and in coloration; the spots on dorsal are black, edged with yellow; in P. ornatus they are yellow with a black bar before and behind, each partly encircling it; no black bordered light streak from eye to occiput. Length 12 inches. North Atlantic, from Labrador south to Woods Hole and Nor-’ way to France; abundant on rocky shores among alg, both in America and Europe. Here described from specimens from Salem, Massachusetts. (Eu.) (grunnellus, English gunnel, said to be corrupted from gunwale.) Blennius pinna dorsalis ocellis X nigris, LINN&ZuS, Mus. Adolph-Fred., 1, 69. Blennius gunnellus, LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 257,1758, Atlantic Ocean; after Blennius pinnae dorsalis, ete. Ophidion imberbe, LINNZ&ZUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 259, 1758, Europe; after Oph. cirris careus, ARTEDI. Centronotus gunnellus, BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 167, 1801; GinrHEr, Cat., 111, 285, after RUPPELL’s type. Murcenoides gunnellus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 767, 1883. Blennius europeus, OLAFSEN, Reisei Island, 1, 81, 1772, Iceland. Blennius murenoides, SUJEF, Act. Petrop. 1, 1779, 195, no locality, probably the Baltic; GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1184, 1788. Murenoides sujef, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1, 324, 1800; after SUJEF. Ophidium mucronatum, MITCHILL, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y., 1, 1815, 361, pl. 1, f. 1, New York; earliest American name. Gunellus vulgaris, FLEMING, British Anim., 207, 1828, England. Murenoides guttatus, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 324, 1800; YARRELL, Brit. Fish., 1, 269. Gunellus ingens, H.R. STORER, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., v1, 1850, 261, pl. 8, f. 1, Labrador. (Coll. H. R. Storer.) > Gunellus macrocephalus, GIRARD, in H. R. STORER, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., v1, 1850, 263, Chelsea Beach, Massachusetts (Coll. Chas. Girard) ; D.H.SrTorer, Rept. Fish. Mass., 261, pl. 17, f. 3. 2774. PHOLIS ORNATUS (Girard). Head 8; depth8. D. LXXVII to LXXIX; A. II, 35 to 37. Head naked, very narrow above; nape nearly equidistant between origin of dorsal and front of orbit; origin of anal equidistant between base of caudal and base ‘of pectoral; pectoral 2 in head. Coloration, usually olive gréen above, yellow or orange below,* but varying with the surroundings to brown x A specimen from near Seattle varies much in color from all the others before us. It is purplish red, paler below; 2 conspicuous white spots bordered with white on front of dorsal; a pale streak bordered with black from eye to nape. 2420 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. and cherry red; traces of about 20 darker bars along sides; a dark bar downward from eye; fins reddish; a V-shaped mark from eye to occiput, grayish, bordered by jet-black; the common form with about 14 red spots along base of dorsal, each with a curved black bar in front and behind, partly encircling it; others with about as many broad /\-shaped darker blotches, which extend on the fin, the first one or two blotches often shaped as in the former case; anal white, unmarked. Length 12 inches. San Francisco to Bering Sea; very common northward, its range extending to Kamchatka;* very common at Unalaska; always in shallow water. (ornatus, ornamented.) Gunnellus ornatus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854,149; GiRARD, Pac. R. R. Surv., x, Fishes, 116, pl. 25b, figs. 6 and 7, 1858 (Type, No. 490, Presidio, California, Coll. Lieut. Trowbridge; No. 491, Shoalwater Bay, Washington, Coll. Dr. J. G. Cooper; No. 492, Fort Steilacoom, Washington, Coll. Dr. Geo. Suckley). Centronotus letus, Corr, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. Phila. 1873, 27, Sitka or Unalaska (Coll. George Davidson); A. II, 33. Mureenoides ornatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 767, 1883. Pholis ornatus, GILBERT, Rept. U. S. Fish Comm. 1893, 450. 906. GUNNELLOPS, Bleeker. Gunnellops, BLEEKER, Vers]. Ak. Amst., 2, VIII, 1874, 368 (rosews). This genus is apparently distinguished from Pholis by the tapering tail, around which the vertical fins are confluent; palatine teeth present. (Gunnellus, Gunnel, an old name of Pholis gunnellus; cw, appearance. ) 2775. GUNNELLOPS ROSEUS (Pallas). D. ca. C; A. ca. 90; P.9; V. I. Head obtuse, the lower jaw project- ing; eyes large; body very long, compressed, tapering into a slender tail; pectorals small, ovate, hyaline; 2 spines in place of ventrals; dorsal extend- ing from the nape to the end of the tail; anal joined to caudal. Color intenselyred. Kuril Islands. (Pallas.) Not seen by any recent collector. (roseus, rosy.) Blennius roseus, PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 11, 177, 1811, Kuril Islands. Centronotus roseus, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 290, 1861. Gunnellops roseus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes N. and M. A., 474, 1896. 907. ASTERNOPTERYX, Riippell. Asternopteryx (RUPPELL MS.) GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., 11, 288, 1861, name only ; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 769, 1883 (gunelliformis) . This genus is closely allied to Pholis, differing chiefly in the entire absence of ventral fins. From Pholidapus it is distinguished by the shorter pecto- rals and by the more broadly united gill membranes. Greenland. A sin- gle species known. (da-, without; 6répvor, breast; rrépvé, fin.) me ; 2776. ASTERNOPTERYX GUNELLIFORMIS, Riippell. Head 9; depth 8}. D. LXXXVII (LXXXI, according to Giinther); A. II, 40. Head and body strongly compressed; head bluntish, snout short, * We have specimens collected at Tareinsky Bay by Mr. Barrett-Hamilton. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2421 jaws equal; maxillary reaching pupil, 3 in head; eye 54; gill membranes broadly united, their outline not notched; no trace of ventral fins; pec- toral large, 2 in head (3 according to Giinther). Dorsal and anal joined to the caudal, the anal with a slight notch behind the last ray; dorsal spines short and all pungent. Color dark brown, clouded with darker; about 11 quadrate pale areas along dorsal fin extending on the sides, these areas each with a black central spot at tip and faintly marked with dark bletches; dorsal with dark spots; a dark band from eye downward, a pale band behind it; lips dark; anal fin bright orange; pectorals and gill mem- branes pale orange; caudal orange. Greenland. Here described from a fine specimen, 94 inches long, in the U, 8. National Museum, from Omanak Fjord, Karsak, Noursoak Peninsula, taken in 1897 by Schuchert and White; only the original type in the Senckenburg Museum hitherto known. (Gunellus ; forma, shape.) Asternopteryx gunelliformis, RUPPELL MS.; type (in Senckenburg Museum) from Green- land. Oentronotus gunelliformis, GUNTHER, Cat., II, 288, 1861. Murenoides gunelliformis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 769, 1883. 908. ANOPLARCHUS, Gill. Anoplarchus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 261 (atropurpureus). Body elongated, compressed, covered with very small, embedded scales which are obsolete or concealed anteriorly; lateral line obsolete. Head small, compressed; eyes small; mouth oblique; teeth in each jaw in a narrow band, the outer somewhat enlarged; narrow bands of teeth on vomer and palatines; gill membranes attached to the isthmus; sometimes with a free fold behind; branchiostegals 5. Dorsal fin not very low; no analspines; ventrals wanting; caudal fin small, entire; pectoral fins mod- erate or small; pyloric ceca present, few. Pacific. (a@vomdos, unarmed; apxos, anus; the anal tin being without spines. ) a. Gill membranes narrowly joined to the isthmus, with a free fold behind; dorsal with about 63 spines. ALECTROLOPHUS, 2777. aa. Gill membranes broadly joined to the isthmus, without free fold behind; dorsal with 54 to 57 spines. ATROPURPUREUS, 2778. 2777. ANOPLARCHUS ALECTROLOPHUS (Pallas). Head 6; in length; depth 7?. D.LXII or LXIII; A.43. Mouth oblique, maxillary reaching vertical behind pupil, 2} in head. Teeth in narrow bands on the jaws, the outer series in upper jaw somewhat enlarged; vomer and palatines with narrow bands of teeth; dentition similar to that in A. atropurpureus, which has been erroneously described as having the teeth in the jaws in single series and the vomer and palate toothless; gill membranes rather narrowly joined to the isthmus and with a free posterior edge slightly wider than pupil. 4A. atropurpureus has the gill opening somewhat more restricted and the gill membranes without free fold. Large pores on head arranged similarly in the two species. Spi- nous dorsal beginning slightly in advance of base of pectoral, its distance 2422 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. from snout less than length of head; distance from origin of anal to tip of snout 2? in length to base of caudal; pectoral short and broad, rounded, 21 in head. Scales small, embedded, those on the anterior part of the body concealed by the thickened integument, as in A. atropurpureus. Coloration in our specimens nearly uniform dark olive, with obseure dusky mottlings on the side. In 1 specimen there is a light bar extending obliquely downward and backward from eye, with a dark bar above and below it, the 3 separated by narrow light gray lines; caudal narrowly cross-banded with light and dark as in A. atropurpureus, and the anal obliquely barred with the same. In the smallest specimen is a series of roundish spots about as large as eye along back just below dorsal fin; each spot seems to have a narrow dark margin, a light ring, a dusky ring, and a light center; a series of similar but smaller spots along middle of sides posteriorly; the colors were probably brighter and more varied in life. Western part of Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk. Here described from 3 small specimens, 34 to 9 inches long, taken at Tareinsky Bay, Kamchatka, by Mr. Barrett-Hamilton; 2 other fine specimens since taken by Arthur W. Greeley in Monterey Bay; the only ones recorded since Pallas. They differ from specimens of A. atropurpwreus in the higher crest, the more numerous fin rays, and in having the gill membranes with a distinct free margin. (GAéxtrwp, cock; Ad@os, crest.) Blennius alectrolophus, PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., U1, 174, 1811, Island of Talek, Gulf of Penshin, Okhotsk Sea. Gunneilus alectrolophus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 447, 1836. Centronotus alectrolophus, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 289, 1861. Anoplarchus alectrolophus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Rept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898. 2778. ANOPLARCHUS ATROPURPUREUS (Kittlitz). Head 6} in body; depth 7. D.LV; A. 40; eye 54 in head; maxillary 2}; pectoral 24; caudal 13. Head with a fleshy crest, which rests on a ridge of bone, its height in older examples about equal to eye; mouth rather large, the maxillary reaching beyond the orbit. Dorsal and anal com- paratively high, barely connected with the base of caudal; nape midway between origin of dorsaland pupil. Bodynaked anteriorly, scaled behind. Color grayish olive, varying to brown; everywhere above finely marked with blackish reticulations; along each side of back a series of small, irregular, sharply defined grayish spots; a series of small pale spots along lateral line; belly pale; crest and middle line of back rather pale; under parts of head yellowish; an oblique, wedge-shaped, pale streak extending downward and backward from the eye, bounded on each side by a sharp light-red line, and then by a dusky area; lower jaw mottled; dorsal olivaceous, speckled, a blackish spot on front; anal olive, tinged with red; pectorals dull orange, barred at base; caudal reddish, with narrow pale streaks, and a light bar at base; color sometimes nearly plain purplish, but more often grayish and mottled. Alaska to San Francisco; abundant northward; common in Bering Sea. Here described from specimens from Neah Bay, Straits of Fuca, Washington. We have also specimens from the Pribilof Islands. (ater, black; purpureus, purple.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2423 Ophidium atropurpureum, KirtLitz, Denkwiird einer Reise Russ.-Amer., I, 225, 1858, Alaska. Centronotus cristagalli, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 289, 1861, Vancouver Island. Anoplarchus purpurescens, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 261, Washington Terri- tory. (Coll. Dr. Kennerly.) Anoplarchus cristagalli, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 564, 1861. Anoplarchus atropurpureus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 771, 1883; JORDAN & STARKS, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci, 1895, 846. gogo. XIPHISTES, Jordan & Starks. Xiphistes, JORDAN & STARKS, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 846 (chirus). This genus is very close to Xiphidion, differing in the well-developed pectoral fins, which are longer than eye; lower lateral line not connected with abdominal line. (£26267775, a sword belt.) a. Anal spines 3; branches of upper lateral line extending on dorsal fin; color grass- green. ULV, 2779. aa. Anal spines 2; branches of upper lateral line shorter; color brownish, marbled, and with red blotches. CHIRUS, 2780. 2779. XIPHISTES ULV, Jordan & Starks. Head 8; depth 10. D. LXXIV; A. III, 48; eye 5 in head; maxillary 24; pectoral 34. Body eel-shaped, as in the related species; head short; mouth small, oblique, maxillary extending to below posterior margin of eye; jaws subequal, with canine teeth; 4 enlarged canines in front of lower jaw; teeth in upper jaw gradually enlarged from behind forward; eye moder- ate, equal to length of snout; interorbital space prominent, sharply con- vex, narrower than width of eye; nape not constricted. Five mucous canals radiating downward and backward from eye, not reaching to edge of preopercle, the branches running upward from upper lateral line ending on the membrane of dorsal, the lower lateral line not connected with the abdominal line. Lateral line otherwise as in Xiphistes chirus. Origin of dorsal at a distance behind nape equal to distance from nape to middle of eye, the fin posteriorly barely connecting with caudal; anal with 3 spines, its origin about a head’s length nearer snout than base of caudal, connected with caudal posteriorly ; pectorals equal in length to snout and 4 eye, slightly shorter than caudal; caudal rounded, fan-shaped. Color olive-green above, very bright green below; middle and lateral line pos- teriorly, with conspicuous white spots, + as large as pupil, each with a black spot before and behind it; a black streak from tip of snout, through eye, to nape, a streak starting from eye behind quickly fading out; dorsal darker than body, unmarked; the anterior third of anal green, with- out markings, behind this, faint cross bars of brown appear, growing broader and darker posteriorly; caudal olive green, with a light bar across base; pectorals green, without markings. One specimen obtained at Waadda Island, Neah Bay. It was found high on the rocks, among alge, just below high water mark. Length 5 inches. Thisspecies is very closely related to Xiphistes chirus; it differs from it chiefly in having 3 anal 2424 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. spines, in the branches of the upper lateral line running higher, and in coloration. (Ulva, the green sea lettuce.) Xiphidion ulve, JorpaN & STARKS, Fishes of Puget Sound, 847, 1895, Waadda Island, Neah Bay. (Type, No. 3132, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. E. C. Starks.) 2780. XIPHISTES CHIRUS (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 7; depth 9. D. LXX; A. II, 50. Head short; nape not con- stricted; mouth small; maxillary extending to middle of pupil; teeth strong, the anterior canine-like, bluntish; about 4 canines in lower jaw, 5 or 6 in the upper, similar to the teeth behind them, but somewhat larger. Abdominal lines meeting on the breast, but not connected with the lower lateral line. Dorsal fin beginning close behind pectoral; nape midway between middle of eye and front of dorsal; anal beginning about a head’s length nearer snout than base of caudal; pectoral fin comparatively large, longer than the eye, its length about equal to distance between middle and lower lateral lines. Color olive brown, yellowish below; sides with marblings of different shades of brown, sometimes with short blackish vertical bars; some round black spots along the back and sides; a black spot behind opercles; numerous black spots on sides of head, forming in older individuals light and dark streaks, which radiate from eye across cheek and opercles, the pale streaks forming reticulations; dorsal with black spots and a series of bright reddish brown cross blotches; pectorals and caudal plain. Monterey to Alaska; smaller than the other species, and living in deeper water; abundant about Cape Flattery. (Jordan & Gilbert.) (yezp, hand.) Xiphister chirus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 135, Point of Los Pinos, near Monterey, California (Coll. Jordan & Gilbert); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 772, 1883; JorDAN & STaRKs, Fishes of Puget Sound, 846, 1895. gio. XIPHIDION, Girard. Xiphidion, GIRARD, Pac. R. R. Surv., X, Fishes, 119, 1858 (mucosum) ; not Xiphidium, Serv., a genus of Grasshoppers. Xiphister, JORDAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1879, 241 (mucosum) ; substitute for Xiphidion, regarded as preoccupied by Xiphidium. Body elongate, eel-shaped, covered with small scales; lateral lines several: 1 along the median line of the side, 1 above this, and 1 below it; 1 on each side of the abdomen, the 2 meeting in front, and 1 from the occiput toward the base of the dorsal fin. Each of these has on each side series of short branches, placed at right angles to the main line, those on opposite sides alternating. Each of these branches has about 2 open mucous pores. Lower lateral line connected with the abdominal line. Head short, bluntish, scaleless; mouth moderate, oblique; jaws with rather strong teeth, the anterior canine-like; no teeth on vomer or pala- tines. Branchiostegals 6; gill membranes separate, free from the isthmus. A single long, low, uniform dorsal fin, consisting of spines only; anal fin similar in form, with small spines, indistinct or obsolete; candal short, joined to dorsal and anal; no ventral fins; pectoral fins very small, shorter Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2425 thaneye. Intestinal canal moderately elongate, with 4 to 6 well-developed pyloric cca. Herbivorous, feeding on alge. Active fishes, inhabiting tide pools and crevices among rocks in the North Pacific. (€z¢idzov, a small sword.) a. Distance from origin of dorsal to occiput less than that from occiput to tip of snout; streaks radiating from eye paler in the center, edged above and below with blackish. MUCOSUM, 2781. aa. Distance from origin of dorsal to occiput greater than that from occiput to snout; streaks radiating from eye black, abruptly margined with pale olive. RUPESTRE, 2782. 2781. XIPHIDION MUCOSUM, Girard. Head 7 in body; depth 8}. D. LXXIV; A. 46; eye 74 in head; maxil- lary 2$; caudal 22; pectoral a little longer than eye. Lower jaw with a ‘series of short, stout conical teeth; upper jaw with a narrow band of similar teeth ; 2 strong canines in upper jaw, 4in the lower. Lower lateral line sending a branch to the abdominal line; nape not constricted. Dor- sal beginning anteriorly, distance from its origin to occiput less than that from occiput to tip of snout; origin of anal nearer snout than tip of eaudal by about + length of head. Blackish green, pale on belly and sides of head, marked posteriorly with olive green in various pattern; a transverse light-greenish bar at base of caudal; 3 olive-brown streaks radiating backward from eye, paler in the center and edged above and below with blackish, outside of which is sometimes a streak of pale olive; these streaks all merge backward into the color of the head; middle streak broadly wedge-shaped, the third streak terminating before reach- ing margin of preopercle; old individuals often coarsely blotched with yellow. Length 18 inches. Monterey to Alaska; very abundant among rocks and alge. Here described from specimens, 9 or 10 inches in length, from Neah Bay, Straits of Fuca, Washington. (mucosus, slimy.) Xiphidion mucosum, GIRARD, Pac. R. R. Surv., X, Fishes, 119, 1858, South Farallones, California (Coll. Lieut. Trowbridge. Type, No. 493, U.S. Nat. Mus.); GUNTHER, Cat., II, 291, 1861; JoRDAN & STARKS, Fishes Puget Sound, 848, 1895. Xiphidion cruoreum,* Core, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. Phila. 1873, 27, Sitka (Coll. Prot. George Davidson) ; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 137. Xiphister mucosum, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 772, 1883. * The following is the original description of Xiphidion cruoreum: Head 8} in total length; depth 93; eye 7 in head, equal to length of pectoral fin. D.about 70; A. 48; Br. 5. Teeth, 2 canines above, 4 below, subequal. Dorsal spines not commencing near the head, the anterior buried in a soft fold of skin; caudal fin not distinct. Three lateral mucous canals extending entire length of caudal fin, which have numerous alternating transverse branches, those of the superior reaching base of dorsal, those of inferior reaching base of anal; each of the cross branches with several excretory pores, none on the main stem; a similar but short tube extending from near base of dorsal fin to supra-occipital region, and not branching anteriorly; the superior lateral canal descending to near the median, but not joining it, nor does the latter extend into the inferior; another tubular line on each side of abdomen, these uniting on jugular region by a continuation of the infe- rior lateral tube. Vent nearer end of muzzle than end of caudal fin, by length of head. Color maroon, more reddish below; a vertical, broad, reddish bar at base of tail, beyond which is a dark spot; 2 brown radii, black-edged, extending backward and downward from eye. Body covered with small scales, except on the jugular and abdominal regions, which are naked. Length 8 inches. This fish is not very different from X. mucosum, Girard. It differs in the smaller eye, the more remote origin of the dorsal fin from the bead, the lack of anterior union of the mucous canals, and the coloration. (Cope.) 3030——75 2426 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 2782. XIPHIDION RUPESTRE (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 7! in body; depth 9. D. LXVIIT; A.50; eye 6 in head; maxillary 24; caudal 24. Teeth essentially as in X.mucosum. The lower lateral line sends a branch to the abdominal line; a constriction at thenape. Distance from origin of dorsal to the occiput greater than the distance from the occiput to the snout. Anal fin beginning much in advance of middle of body, the distance from the first ray to tip of caudal exceeding the distance to snout by nearly twice length of head ; pectoral very short, its length less than diameter of eye. Reddish brown, uniform or variously shaded with lighter; a light olivaceous bar at base of caudal, extending on dorsal and anal, behind this a blackish area; tip of caudal usually pale; 3 long, well- defined stripes radiating backward from eye, these stripes uniform black, abruptly margined with very light olive; the central stripe proceeding straight backward from the eye, + breadth of cheek, at which point it is broadest; it is then narrowed and bent abruptly downward; both the middle and lower stripes reach the margin of preopercle. Length 12 inches. Smaller than the preceding, and equally abundant; among rocks and algie, from Vancouver Island to Monterey. Here described from specimens, 6 or 7 inches in length, from Neah Bay, Straits of Fuca, Washington. (rupes- tris, living among rocks.) NXiphister rupestris, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 137, Monterey Bay, California (Coll. Jordan & Gilbert); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 773, 1883. Xiphidion rupestre, JORDAN & STARKS, Fishes Puget Sound, 848, 1895. gir. CEBEDICHTHYS,* Ayres. Oebedichthys, AYRES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., 1, 1855, 59 (violaceus). Body comparatively short, compressed, covered with minute scales; lateral line distinct, running very high, with very short branches, each ending in a pore, as in Xiphistes, but the branches more oblique and less regular. Head short; crown with a conspicuous fleshy longitudinal crest in the adult; jaws subequal, with conicai teeth; villiform teeth on vomer and palatines; gill membranes united, free from the isthmus. Dorsal fin continuous, long and low, the anterior part composed of sharp spines, which are rather lower than the soft rays; caudal fin rounded, connected with dorsal and anal; anal fin similar to soft dorsal, with 1 or 2 small spines; pectorals small; ventrals wanting. Intestinal canal elongate, with several pyloric ceca. Pacific Ocean. Herbivorous; similar in habits * The following remarkable genus may be allied to Cebedichthys: NEOZOARCES, Steindachner. Neozoarces, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., rx, 26, 1880 (pulcher). NEOZOARCES PULCHER, Steindachner. Body elongate, tapering backward, thedorsal and anal united at the tail without distinet caudal. Scales small, embedded, no lateral line. Mouth very large, the maxillary extend- ing far beyond eye; lower jaw slightly longer than upper; blunt, conical teeth in man rows on jaws, vomer, and palatines. A thick tentacle above nostril; gill membranes united, free from isthmus. Dorsal low, the anterior portion of short, stiflish spines; no anal spine; ventrals wanting; pectorals moderate; pseudobranchix present. ead 6; depth 9. D.XLI,50; A.1,75. Color highly variegated. Gulf of Strietok, Okhotsk Sea. (veos, new; Zoarees; but it has little affinity with the latter genus.) Neozoarces pulcher, SvEINDACHNER, Ichth, Beitr., 1x, 27, taf. 6, f. 2, 1880, Gulf of Strietok. (Coll, Professor Dybowski.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2427 to the species of Xiphidion. (27) fos, the Sapajou, a kind of monkey; 7y9Us, fish; in allusion to the ‘‘ peculiar monkey-like” physiognomy as seen from the front.) 2783. CEBEDICHTHYS VIOLACEUS (Ayres). Head 64; depth 6. D.XXIII,41; A.I,41. Maxillary extending to or beyond orbit. Dorsal scaly at base; vent nearer snout than base of cau- dal; pectoral } length of head; nape midway between dorsal and eye. Dull olive grayish, mottled with lighter, sometimes reddish tinged; verti- cal fins all edged with reddish; cheek with 3 darker stripes, edged with paler, 1 downward and backward from the eye, close behind angle of mouth; another above it to root of pectoral; another running upward and backward from the eye, and meeting its fellow over the crest. Length 30 inches. San Francisco to Point Concepcion; abundant; often brought into the markets. (violaceus, violet.) Apodichthys violaceus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 150, San Luis Obispo, Cali- fornia. (Coll. Dr. Kennerly.) Cebedichthys cristagalli, AYRES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., 1, 1855, 58, San Francisco. Cebedichthys violaceus, GIRARD, Pac. R. R. Sury., X, Fishes, 121, pl. 26, figs. 4and.5, 1858; Jor- DAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 774, 1883. giz. PLAGIOGRAMMUS, Bean. Plagiogrammus, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1893, 699 (hopkinsi). Body moderately elongate, compressed, covered with very small scales; lateral lines 2, viz, 1 beginning above and slightly in advance of the upper angle of the gill opening and extending along the upper part of the body, but not reaching the tail, and 1 beginning in advance of the end of this and reaching to the caudal; numerous lateral ridges on the sides, similar to those on Dictyosoma of Temminck & Schlegel; a series of sub- pentagonal plate-like bodies along the abdominal edge on each side be- tween the ventral and the anal. Head moderately long, naked, with pointed snout; mouth oblique and rather large; jaws subequal, or the lower slightly projecting; jaws with strong teeth in broad bands, the in- termaxillaries with an outer series of enlarged canine-like teeth; teeth on vomer and palate; a pair of large canines near the symphysis in each jaw, the canines of the upper jaw fitting into an interspace behind the mandib- ulary canines. A series of pores on the ramus of the mandibula continu- ing around the preopercular edge; a series of similar pores along the lower margin of the preorbital continued backward and upward toward the nape. Anterior nostril tubular; posterior without tube. Maxillary broadly expanded posteriorly; lips well developed. Branchiostegals 5; gill membranes partly united, but free from the isthmus behind. Gill rakers minute, tubercular, in moderate number. A single long dorsal fin consisting of spines only, the spines longest in the posterior portion; anal fin lower than the dorsal, but similar in shape. Pectoral large, entirely below median line. Ventrals well developed, in advance of pec- torals; caudal rounded, distinct. Intestinal canal short, with 5 small pyloric ceca. (zAayios, oblique; ypasu7), line.) 2428 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 2784. PLAGIOGRAMMUS HOPKINSI, Bean. Head 4;"depth53; eye5. D. XLI; A.II, 29; V.1,5; B.5; scales about 95; ridges on side 532. Snout acute; anterior nostril tubular and nearer eye than tip of snout; posterior nostril close to upper anterior margin of eye; maxillary extending almost to vertical through hind margin of eye; intermaxillary long, slender, and reaching nearly as far back as maxillary; intermaxillary teeth in broad bands, with an outer series of 5 or 6 large canines, those near the symphysis largest; teeth in mandible in broad bands in front, followed by several enlarged canine-like teeth; a large canine on each side of symphysis, the interspace between the 2 mandibulary canines receiving the canines of the intermaxillary when the jaws are closed. A row of 8 pores along ramus of mandible and edge of preopercle; another series around lower margin of preorbital bone as described for the genus; about 8 gill rakers on first arch below angle. Distance of dorsal origin from snout nearly equal to length of head; spines lowest in front, the longest spine ? length of head; longest rays of anal near end of fin and scarcely exceed length of eye; length of pectoral equaling that of postorbital part of head; ventrals close together; inner rays longest, ? as long as head; caudal rounded, its length nearly 4 that of head; vent under eleventh spine of dorsal. Upper lateral line begin- ning above and slightly in advance of upper angle of gill opening, cury- ing very slightly over pectoral and extending to below twenty-fifth spine of dorsal, its distance from dorsal edge equal to diameter of eye and also equal to its distance from lower lateral line; lower lateral line beginning under sixteenth spine of dorsal and extending to caudal. On each side of the abdominal ridge, between the ventrals and the vent, are about 10 sub- pentagonal plate-like bodies, the largest about } as long as eye. Color dusky brown, the fins black. Monterey, California; a few specimens dredged among rocks. Little is known about the habits of the species, beyond the fact that in the aquarium it hides in rock crevices and seldom ventures from its hiding place. (I take pleasure in associating with this blenny the name of Mr. Timothy Hopkins, of Menlo Park, California, the founder of the Seaside Laboratory at Pacific Grove, Monterey Bay, in commemoration of his services in behalf of science. Bean.) Plagiogrammus hopkinsi, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1893, 699, Monterey Bay, Califor- nia. (Type, No. 44721, U.S. Nat. Mus.) 913. OPISTHOCENTRUS, Kner. Opisthocentrus, KNER, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 1868, 49 (quinquemaculatus). Blenniophidium, BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1892, 583 (petropauli). Body moderately elongate, compressed, covered with very small cycloid scales. Mouth small, horizontal, protractile, with fleshy lips; small coni- cal teeth in jaws and on vomer and palatines. No cirri. Gill membranes broadly connected, but free from isthmus; branchiostegals 4. Dorsal fin very long, extending from the nape to the caudal, with which it is sub- continuous; a few of the posterior rays are stiff spines, the rest being Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2429 simple and not articulate, but flexible; anal fin extending from the anus, which is a little nearer the anterior than the posterior extremity, to the caudal, formed exclusively of softrays; no ventrals. No lateral line. No prominent anal papille. Pyloric appendages present. A remarkable genus, allied to Lumpenus, or rather to Plectobranchus, distinguished by having only the posterior spines rigid. North Pacific. (d7z6e, behind; HEVTPOV, Spine. ) 2785. OPISTHOCENTRUS OCELLATUS (Tilesius). Head 64; depth 6} (without caudal). D. LV to LXI, usually LIX; A. 36 to 39; 5 to7 of the posterior dorsal spines rigid; Eye as long as snout, 4 in head, and a little more than interorbital width; maxillary extending to below anterior fourth of eye; some wide pores on the head; cheeks, opercles, and occiput closely scaled; strips of small scales on the branchi- ostegal membrane between therays. Dorsal rays continuous and subequal in depth, the longest spine 2} in head in females, 1; in males; pectoral 14 in head, about as long as caudal. Anus twice as far from caudal as from base of pectoral. Yellowish brown, with ill-defined darker marblings; a crescentic black line on the top of the head from eye to eye; a black line, obliquely directed forward, below the eye, and another, in opposite direc- tion, from the eye to the opercle; 2 dark-brown streaks across the nape, the second crossing the origin of the dorsal fin and extending to the base of the pectoral; dorsal and caudal fins grayish olive, lighter at the base, the dorsal with 5 to 9 (usually 6) large black spots at regular intervals, these wanting in the males; pectorals and anal colorless. Numerous specimens are from Tareinsky Bay, Kamchatka; Petropaulski Harbor, and Shana Bay, Iturup Island. The number of dorsal ocelli varies from 5 to 9 in our specimens, 6 being the prevailing number. Of 24 specimens whose fins we have enumerated, 4 have 58 dorsal spines, 10 have 59, 5 have 60, and 5 have 61. In addition, 1 specimen has but 55 spines. The latter is the only male in the collection and is conspicuous by the absence of distinct dorsal ocelli and the great height of the vertical fins, the longest dorsal spine exceeding the length of the pectoral and contained 1} times in head. In females the longest spine is 24 in head. The anal contains 36 to 39 rays in all our specimens. The dorsal fin is composed exclusively of spines, the anterior flexible ones passing into the strong pungent ones near the pos- terior end. The stronger spines vary from 7 to 12 in number in our speci- mens. Our material answers the description of the type of O. quinque- maculatus which had 57 dorsal spines and 36 analrays. It also agrees with specimens from Petropaulski, reported on by Bean & Bean (Proc. U. &. Nat. Mus. 1896, 391), with dorsal spines 58 in number. Slenniophidium petropauli, Boulenger, has but 52 dorsal spines, but it is otherwise not to be distinguished from O. ocellatus. Still more aberrant are 4 specimens from Gulf of Strietok, northern Japan, mentioned by Steindachner (Ichth. Beitriige, 1x, 25), with but 50 to 53 spines and 32 to 3! anal rays. These may represent a distinct species. Ophidium ocellatum of Tilesius must be this species, but the count of fin rays is incorrect and may be taken from 2430 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. the rough figure. Opisthocentrus tenuis is probably also identical with O. ocellatus, though the writers did not think so until after examina- tion of the present large material. Coast of Kamchatka, southwestward to Okhotsk Sea, generally common from Komandorski Islands to Yezo, (ocellatus, with eye-like spots.) Ophidium ocellatum, TiLEstus, Mém. Ac. St. Petersb., 1, 1811, 237, Kamchatka. D. 80; A. 50; evidently an error. The rude figure shows D. 73; A. 50, the spines low; the dorsal with 5 ocelli. Centronotus (Opisthocentrus) quinquemaculatus, KNER, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wein 1868. 48, taf. 7, f. 20, ‘‘Pinang.’’ Described from a young specimen 2 inches long, No. 6353, Mus. Wien. Gunnellus apos, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xrv, 426, 1839; after TILESIUs. Centronotus apus, GUNTHER, Cat., II, 288, 1861. Blenniophidium petropauli, BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1892, 584, with plate, Petropaulski (Coll. George Baden-Powell); D. 52; A.37; 5 ocelli. Opisthocentrus tenuis,* BEAN & BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1897, Volcano Bay, Port Morusan, Japan. (Coll. Col. Nicolai A.Grebnitski. Type, No. 47565, U.S. Nat. Mus.) Opisthocentrus quinquemaculatus, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., 1x, 25, 1880; BEAN & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 381, 392. Opisthocentrus ocellatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Rept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898. 914. PHOLIDAPUS, Bean & Bean. Pholidapus, BEAN & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 389 (grebnitskii). Body moderately elongate, compressed, covered with very small, smooth scales. Mouth small, horizontal; bands of small teeth on jaws and vomer, none on palatines. Head naked; gill membranes broadly con- nected, free from the isthmus; dorsal very long, composed entirely of flexi- ble spines; anal of soft rays; caudal short, rounded, separate; no ventral fins; no lateral line; pyloric ceca present. This genus is close to Opis- thocentrus, but has no pungent spines, and the head is naked. Okhotsk Sea. (6o0Azs, Pholis; &2ovs, without feet, i. e., ventral fins.) 2786. PHOLIDAPUS DYBOWSKII (Steindachner). Head 5} to 62; depth 6 to 64. D.LXII or LXIII; A.1I1,39. Eye 3% to to 43 in head; snout a little longer than eye; lower jaw scarcely included ; 1 or 2 strong conical teeth on each side behind the narrow premaxillary band of teeth; teeth on vomer, none on palatines; no cirri; large pores * Opisthocentrus tenuis is thus described: D. 39, XV; A. 38. Length of fish to caudal base 5} inches; length of head 1; depth of body %: the greatest width of the body is contained 2 times in the length of the head. The diameter of the eye is nearly equal to the length of the snout and is contained 44 times in the length of the head; the width of the interorbital space is almost equal to the long diameter of eye. The maxilla reaches to the vertical past front of eye. Teeth bluntly rounded, embedded in flesh; vomerine teeth present; palatines nope. The origin of the dorsal fin is over the end of the gill cover, its first 39 rays are simple and flexible, the last 15 are strong spines and end slightly above the membrane in stiff points, the longest spine is almost 4 as long as the head. The anal originates under the twentieth ray of the dorsal; its rays are divided and articulated; the longest ray is 3 as long as the head. The general color is brown with cross reticulations of black. Sides of head and body along base of anal, orange; anal, caudal, and pectorals light with dusky shadings; dorsal finely mottled with black and bearing 6 black spots on areas of white, the first of these spots being on the sixth ray and the last on the next to last spine; a black bar from front of eye downward, and another from posterior margin obliquely down and backward. This species differs from the typical form in its greater compression of the body and its increased number of dorsal spines. (Bean & Bean.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2431 about eye and on opercles; longest dorsal spines 24 to 3 in depth of body, last spines shorter and stiffer than others; dorsal and anal slightly joined to caudal; pectoral as long as caudal, about 1} in head. Head naked. Brown or grayish, with faint spots or marblings; 1 or 2, rarely 3, dark ocelli on the dorsal; 3 or 4 dark streaks radiating from eye, the upper- most joining its fellow. Length 10 tol5inches. Coast of northern Japan and sea of Okhotsk, north to the Kuril Islands. Our specimens, 5 in num- ber, the largest 25 cm. long, from Shana Bay, Iturup Island. Steindach- ner’s excellent and detailed description leaves nothing to be desired, and corresponds perfectly with our material except in the character of the scales. A careful examination of these under high magnification fails to show that they are ‘“‘am hinteren Rande mit kurzen Ziihnchen bewaftnet.” The posterior border is entire and the scales strongly marked with con- centric strie. Dorsal spines number 62, 63, 63, 64,64. Dorsal ocelli pres- ent in all our specimens, 2 of them being faintly visible even in the youngest, 55 mm. long. Pholidapus grebnitskii seems to differ only in the shorter dorsal fin (57 spines). (Named for Professor Dybowski, its first collector.) Centronotus dybowskii, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitriige, Ix, 22, 1880, Gulf of Strietok, northern Japan (Coll. Prof. Dybowski) ; JORDAN & GILBERT, Rept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898. ¢Pholidapus grebnitskii,* BEAN & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1896, pl. 34, 390, Yezo, Japan. (Coll. Col. Nicolai A. Grebnitski.) gi5. PLECTOBRANCHUS, Gilbert. Plectobranchus, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 102 (evides). Teeth conic, on jaws, vomer, and palatines, some of them canine-like. Body scaly; lateral line obsolete, its course indicated by a lighter streak The distance of the vent from the tip of the snout contains the head length 23 times. The anal is slightly lower than the dorsal, the rays longest posteriorly. The caudal is Grebnitski, to whose industry and zeal the Museum is indebted for many valuable col- lections. Bean & Bean, ) 2432 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. broadly united, wholly free from isthmus. Dorsal of spines only. Anal with 2 spines. Ventral with 1 spine and 3 well-developed rays. Lower pectoral rays longest, asin Leptoclinus. North Pacific. (zAexrds, enfolded; fpayxos, gill.) 2787. PLECTOBRANCHUS EVIDES, Gilbert. Head rather long, 4% in length, extending well beyond origin of dorsal fin; depth about 11. D. LVI; A. II, 34. Body very slender, the depth nearly constant throughout. Caudal peduncle without free portion, its depth 2} in that of body. Upper jaw with a broad inner band of minute teeth in front and on the sides, the outer series enlarged, 2 in the front of the jaw distinctly canine-like; teeth in the lower jaw similar to the outer series above, in a single series laterally, forming a patch in front of jaw, where 2 of them are much enlarged canines, the largest teeth in the jaws; vomer and palatines with bands of small but very evident teeth. Eyes large, close together, the interorbital space 4 pupil. Orbit 34 in head, longer than snout. Posterior nostril with a short flap, the tube obsolete. Mouth large, somewhat oblique, maxillary reaching middle of orbit, 24 in head. ‘Top of head with very large pores, a series running backward from each eye, the two joined by a cross series on occiput. Body covered with very small cycloid scales, including belly, nape, breast, and cheeks, those on breast and cheeks not imbricated; lateral line without visible pores. Spinous dorsal beginning well forward, the distance from its origin to nape less than from latter to posterior margin of orbit. Anterior spines short, but fully united by membrane, the longest spine 34 in head; mem- brane of last spine reaching base of upper caudal rays; origin of anal very slightly in advance of middle of body; anal with 2 short, sharp spines, the rays longer, their terminal + free from membrane; last anal ray connected with base of lower caudal ray; ventrals well developed, nearly 3 head; pectorals with lowermost rays abruptly lengthened, ? head; caudal short, rounded, little more than + head. Color dusky olive above, lighter below; sides crossed by about 25 narrow white bars, narrower than interspaces; 3 equidistant dark blotches near back, each double, the two halves occupying contiguous interspaces between white bars; branchiostegal membrane black; head without markings; pectorals white at base, the distal half black, margined with white; ventrals white; dor- sal with alternating oblique bars of white and blackish, 2 jet-black roundish spots on its posterior portion; caudal whitish at base, then dusky, margined with white, its upper ray jet-black; anal light at base, becoming black at edge of membrane, the free tips of rays white. Coast of Oregon. A single specimen, 4 inches long, from Albatross Station 3064, in 46 fathoms. (evezd7)s5, comely.) Plectobranchus evides, GILBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1890, 102, coast of Oregon, at Albatross Station 3064. (Coll. Albatross.) 916. LEPTOCLINUS, Gill. Otenodon, Nitsson, Skandinav. Faun., rv, 190, 1853 (maculatus) (name three times* pre- occupied). Leptoclinus, Guu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 209 (aculeatus). * OCtenodon, Wagler, 1830, a lizard; Ehrenberg, 1838, a rotifer, and Swainson, 1839, a fish. Jordan and Evermann.-—Fishes of North America. 2433 Body much elongated; lateral line obsolete; teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; pectoral fins with the upper rays shortened; caudal fin sub- truncate. Arctic seas. This genus is close to Lumpenus, differing mainly in the form of the pectoral. (Aezrds, slender; Clinus.) 2788. LEPTOCLINUS MACULATUS (Fries). (LANGBARN.) Head 5; depth8. D. LX (LVIII to LX); A. 36 (35 to 38). Eye large, 31 in head; snout short and blunt, 4? in head, maxillary reaching past middle of eye, 24in head. Teeth in jaws, vomer, and palatines; jaws each having 2 strong canines in front. Scales small, cycloid. First 3 or 4 dorsal spines short and free; longest dorsal spines as long as eye; caudal fin free from dorsal and anal; ventrals 3 in head; pectorals rather large, 14 in head. Color yellowish, irregularly marked with dark spots, a series of about 6 of these spots extending along sides close to base of dorsal fin; a series of smaller spots extending along center of sides from upper base of pectoral to caudal; dorsal irregularly covered with dark spots; caudal with 4 dark cross bands; anal, ventral, and pectorals plain yellowish. Bering Sea to Spitzbergen, south to Aleutian Islands and the coasts of Sweden and Nor- way. This description is taken from a specimen, 5} inches long, from Alaska, near Unimak Pass (Albatross Station 3309). A few young individ- uals of this species, hitherto known only from the North Atlantic, were taken in Unimak Pass and in Bristol Bay, in 294 to 70 fathoms. Three small specimens were also taken off Robben Reef, near the Kamchatka coast, in 28 fathoms, and one off Karluk, Kadiak Island. Having no Atlantic specimens of this species, we are unable to satisfy ourselves of the iden- tity of the two, but no difference is evident from descriptions. The lat- eral line is much more distinct than in our specimens of Lumpenus medius, in which it can be made out with difficulty on scattered scales along mid- dle of sides. (Eu.) (maculatus, spotted.) Olinus maculatus, Fries, Kgl. Vet. Ak. Handl. 49, 1837, Bohiislan, Sweden. Lumpenus aculeatus, REINHARDT, Kong. Dansk. Vid. Selsk., v1, 1837, 190, no description. Clinus aculeatus, REINHARDT, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Natur. Afh., vir, 1838, 114, 122, 194, Spitzbergen. Ctenodon maculatus, NILSSON, Skand. Fauna, Iv, 190, 1853. Sticheeus maculatus, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 281, 1861. Lumpenus aculeatus, KROYER, Naturhist. Tidsskr., 1, 377, 1862. Sticheus aculeatus, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 282, 1861; COLLETT, Norske Nord-Havs Exp.,67, 1880. Lumpenus maculatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 777, 1883; Lillieborg, Sveriges Och Norges Fish., 500, 1891. Leptoclinus maculatus, GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893, 450. 917. POROCLINUS, Bean. Poroclinus, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 40 (rothrocki). Body elongate, moderately compressed, covered with small scales; lat- eral line obsolete. Head moderately long; snout short; eyes large; inter- orbital space narrow. Mouth small, lower jaw slightly included; teeth on yomer and palate; narrow bands of teeth in jaws, the outer series 2434 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. enlarged. Gill openings slightly prolonged forward below, narrowly attached to the isthmus anteriorly. Dorsal composed of many sharp, flex- ible spines, diminished in length anteriorly. Caudal long, pointed; anal with 3 spines and many rays; pectorals large, the middle rays longest; ventrals jugular, with 1 spine and 3 rays. Intestine short; pyloric ceca 1 or 2; no air bladder. Northern Seas. (z0pos, pore; Clinus.) 2789. POROCLINUS ROTHROCKI, Bean. Head 64 in length; depthat nape 12. D.LVII to LX; A. III, 40 to 42. Body tapering uniformly backward. Vent placed anteriorly, its distance from snout 1} to 1}in its distance from base of caudal. Snout compressed, slightly projecting, the lower jaw included; maxillary reaching vertical from front of pupil, 34 to 3 in head. Teeth acute, in narrow bands in the jaws, a single well-marked series on vomer, and a patch on front of palatines, those on vomer and palatines fully as large as those on jaws, and equally developed in young and adults. Eyes large, close together, the interorbital space convex, its width about 4 pupil. Diameter of orbit equaling length of maxillary, about 3} in head. Nostril tubes well devel- oped, } diameter of pupil. Gill openings narrower than in other described members of this group, extending forward below the vertical from poste- rior part of cheek, where they are firmly joined to isthmus, across which they do not form a fold. Gill rakers obsolete. Dorsal beginning over end of opercular flap, its distance from nape equaling distance of latter from posterior margin of pupil; membrane of last spine slightly joined to base of caudal; anterior dorsal spines short, but well connected by membrane; anal with 3 distinct spines, shorter than the rays that follow, the second the longest, all as strong as dorsal spines, and fully connected by mem- brane, rays all branched at tip, membrane of last ray joined only slightly to base of caudal; caudal sharply pointed in all our specimens, the median rays longest, about as long as head; pectorals evenly rounded, the median rays longest, 14 or 15 in number, all branched; ventrals well developed, about 2 as long as head, consisting of 1 short, sharp spine and 3 rays, the spine not closely joined to rays. Lateral line indistinct, usually appear- ing obsolete, more evident toward head, consisting of a series of distant pores along median line; scales very small, cycloid, imbricated, covering body, inclosing abdomen, breast, and nape; cheeks scaled, the head other- wise naked, or sometimes with a small patch of scales on upper part of opercles. Color, sides with a series of 10 to 12 narrow white cross bars, the first in front of dorsal fin, the last under last dorsal spine, the bars about + interspaces; above lateral line scales conspicuously margined with darker, below lateral line they broaden out and become forked; upper caudal rays at base with an oval white ring inclosing a darker area, this mark more conspicuous in the young; belly and ventrals white, other fins dusky, but without definite markings. (Gilbert.) Bering Sea. Known from 2 specimens; the type, 7 inches long, was taken August 4, 1888, at Albatross Station 2852, north latitude 55° 15’, west longitude 159° 37’, at a depth of 58 fathoms, between Nagai and Big Koniushi Islands. The spec- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2435 imen here described from Unalaska. (Named for Dr. J. T. Rothrock, professor of botany, University of Pennsylvania. ) Poroclinus rothrocki, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 40, 55° 15’ N., 159° 37’ W., between Nagai Island and Koniushi Islands. (Coll. Albatross.) 918. LUMPENUS, Reinhardt. (SNAKE BLENNIES.) Lumpenus, REINHARDT, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Natur., V1, 1837, 110})(uumpenus— fabricii). Leptogunnellus, AYRES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., 1, 1854, 26 (gracilis). Centroblennius, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 209 (nwbilus). Leptoblennius, Git, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 209 (serpentinus). Anisarchus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 209 (medius). Body greatly elongate, moderately compressed, covered with small scales; lateral line indistinct or obsolete. Head long; snout short; no cirri; eyes large, placed high; mouth moderate, with a single row of rather small conical teeth on each jaw; palatine teeth present or absent; gill openings prolonged forward below, very narrowly united anteriorly to the isthmus, not forming a free fold across it. Dorsal composed of numerous, sharp, flexible, rather high, spines; caudal fin long; anal many- rayed; pectorals large, more than } length of head, the middle rays long- est; ventrals well developed, jugular, I, 3 or I, 4; intestinal canal long; pyloric ceca present; no air bladder. Chiefly herbivorous. Northern seas. (Lumpen, a Danish name of Zoarces viviparus, with which these fishes were at first confounded. ) ANISARCHUS (avigos, unequal; apyxos, for anal) : a. Anal fin very low in front, the rays gradually lengthened; dorsal spines 61; anal rays 42. MEDIUS, 2790. aa. Anal fin not much lower in front than behind. LUMPENUS: b. Teeth on palatines more or less developed, at least in the adult; anal rays 40 to 46; dorsal spines 63 to 71. ce. Dorsal spines 69 to 71. d. Anal rays 46; dorsal separate from caudal. ANGUILLARIS, 2791. dd. Anal rays 41; dorsal slightly joined to caudal. MACKAYI, 2792. ec. Dorsal spines about 63; anal rays 43. FABRICII, 2793. LEPTOBLENNIUS (Aeros, slender; Blennius). bb. Teeth on palatines wanting; dorsal spines 72 to 75; anal rays about 50. LAMPETR-EFORMIS, 2794. Subgenus ANISARCHUS, Gill. 2790. LUMPENUS MEDIUS (Reinhardt). Head 6; depth10. D.LXI; A.42; V.1,3. Lower jawscarcely included, the maxillary reaching front of eye; teeth on palatines, none on vomer; ventrals slender, } length of head; lower rays of pectoral shorter than middle ones, the fin shorter than head. Dorsal and anal slightly joined to the truncate caudal; anterior half of anal with the rays shortened. (Collett.) Yellowish, nearly plain. Greenland to Norway and _ Spitz- bergen and westward to Bering Sea and Kamchatka. Specimens from the 2436 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. coast of Kamchatka are not evidently different from the current figures and descriptions of Atlantic specimens. (Eu.) (medius, middle.) Clinus medius, REINHARDT, Dansk. Vidensk. Afh., vir, 1838, 194, Greenland. Lumpenus medius, KROYER, Naturh. Tidsskr., 1, 377, 1837; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 777, 1883. Sticheus medius, GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 281, 1861. Anisarchus medius, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 210. Lumpenus medius, COLLETT, Norske Nord-Havs Exp., 62, 1880; JORDAN & GILBERT, Rept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898. Subgenus LUMPENUS. 2791. LUMPENUS ANGUILLARIS (Pallas). Head 8; depth 14. D. LXXI; A. 46 (45 to 50); V.1,4; B.7- Cheeks scaly ; mouth somewhat oblique, the lower jaw included; maxillary reach- ing frout of pupil; teeth on palatines, none on the vomer; a single series of rather long, conical, and not very closely-set teeth in each jaw. Gill openings prolonged forward a distance greater than length of snout; pyloric cea 4, unequal. Fins all comparatively high, pectorals ; length of head, the middle rays longest; ventrals + length of head; dorsal and anal distinct from the pointed caudal, which is nearly as long as head. Olive green above, pale below; sides marked above with dark olive brown; a series of more or less distinct oblong blotches of olive brown along mid- dle of sides; dorsal barred or spotted; anal pale; opercle with a dark blotch; head dusky above. Length 18 inches. San Francisco to Alaska; very abundant northward to Sitka and Unalaska; originally recorded from Kamchatka. (anguillaris, eel-like.) Blennius anguillaris, PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 11, 176, 1811, Kamchatha and Aleutian Islands. (Coll. Billings and Merk.) Septogunnellus gracilis, AYRES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., 1, 1855, 26, San Francisco. Gunnellus anguillaris, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 434, 1836. Lumpenus anguillaris, GIRARD, Pac. R. R. Surv., X, Fishes, 123, pl. 25d, figs. 1 to 3, 1858; STORER, Synopsis, 121, 1846; JorDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 777, 1883; JORDAN & STARKS, Fishes Puget Sound, 848, 1895. Sticheus anguillaris, GUNTHER, Cat., UI, 282, 1861. 2792. LUMPENUS MACKAYI (Gilbert). Head 6%; depth 13 or 14; eye 8 in head; snont 4. D. LXIX; A. II, 41. Very elongate. Head compressed and high, especially anteriorly, the upper profile of snout very convex, the upper jaw decidedly longer than the lower. Mouth nearly horizontal. Maxillary reaching vertical from front or middle of pupil, its length 3? to 3% in head. Teeth small, in a narrow band in jaws; a single series of weak teeth on palatines; vomer toothless. Gill openings continued forward to below middle of cheeks, the membranes then narrowly joined to isthmus; gill rakers short and weak, about 10 on horizontal limb of arch. Eye small, its horizontal diameter } longer than its vertical, slightly longer than interorbital width. Distance from snout to nape equaling length of postorbital part of head. Opercles large, continued to beyond base of pectorals. Dorsal Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2437 beginning immediately above upper end of gill slit, the spines short, strong, and pungent, not flexible; some of the anterior spines short, but not free, the fin increasing in height to opposite front of anal, the longest spine equaling length of snout, the membrane of last spine joining base of upper rays of caudal; anal with 2 strong spines similar to those of the dorsal fin, the second twice length of first and % that of highest dorsal spines; anal rays all forked, the posterior longest, equaling length of snout and eye, free from the caudal; caudal fin rounded in younger specimens, lanceolate in adults, becoming in the latter ? as long as head; ventrals short, of 1 shortspine and 3 simple rays, the fin } length of head; pectorals large, the middle rays longest, } length of head. Scales small, smooth, elongate, imperfectly imbricated, partially embedded or altogether want- ing on anterior part of back; cheeks scaled, head otherwise naked; faint traces of a lateral line sometimes visible on middle of sides anteriorly. Color in spirits, light olivaceous (light yellowish in life); a continuous jet-black streak from occiput along each side of dorsal to base of caudal, with 2 interrupted black streaks below it, the lowermost running on mid- dle of side; top and sides of head darker, variously marked with anasto- mosing black lines and spots; opercles blackish; dorsal and caudal fins dusky translucent, without distinctive markings; anal and ventrals white; pectorals white or dusky; roof of mouth black; peritoneum black dorsally, white ventrally. Bering Sea. Several specimens were seined near the mouth of the Nushagak River, Alaska. (Gilbert.) (Named for Charles Lesley McKay, of Appleton, Wisconsin, a very able young ichthyologist; who was drowned at Nushagak, in Bristol Bay, in 1883.) Inmpenus mackayi, GILBERT, Rept. U. S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 450, pl. 32, mouth of Nushagak River, Bristol Bay. (Coll. Gilbert.) 2793. LUMPENUS FABRICII (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 8 or 9; depth 11 to 15. D. LXIII to LXV; A. 41 to 43; V. I, 3; P.15. Upper jaw scarcely longer than lower; teeth on palatines few and small, often really or apparently wanting, especially in the young; max- illary not reaching eye; vertical fins distinct; pectorals large, ovate. Color light brown, with large pale rounded blotches separated by brown shades; head yellowish; pectorals yellowish mottled, with a dusky spot at base. Arctic seas; recorded from Spitzbergen, Greenland, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Wellington Sound, Bristol Bay, and other localities in Bering Sea (Petropaulski and Plover Bay, as L. anguillaris). We have specimens trom Bristol Bay, Disco, Upernavik, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. These are apparently identical, and they show clearly the identity of L. nubilus with L. fabricii. The following notes are from specimens taken in Bristol Bay, in 44 to 14 fathoms: These specimens seem to agree in structural details with specimens of Lumpenus fabricii from the North Atlantic. The Pacific speci- mens are lighter in color, with the dusky mottlings confined to the dorsal region, and with a very distinct series of oblong brown blotches along lat- eral line, alternating with a lower series of small, faint, round spots, 2438 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, Under parts immaculate; the mottlings along base of dorsal frequently uniting to form a series of oblong blotches alternating with those of lateral line; other specimens show no traces of dorsal blotches; dorsal fin trans- lucent, faintly mottled with darker; caudal with brownish cross bars; pectoral with a round dusky shade at base; fins otherwise unmarked. Mandible with a single series of conical teeth, which widens at symphysis into an irregular double series or narrow patch; a similar series of conical teeth in premaxillaries, within which is a band of fine villiform teeth. A number of small specimens from Disco, Greenland, are entirely similar except for the darker coloration. This species is near L. anguillaris, but the latter has a larger mouth, larger teeth, and more numerous fin rays. (Named for Otho Fabricius, the first student of the fishes of Greenland.) Blennius lumpenus, Fapricivus, Fauna Grénlandica, 151, 1780, Greenland; not Blennius lumpenus, LINNZUS, which is a species of Gaidropsarus, with 2 barbels at the chin. Gunnellus fabricii, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES. Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 431, 1836, Greenland, after FABRICIUS; Kr6GyER, Naturhist. Tidsskr., 1, 377, 1837; GAmmARD, Voy. Scand., Zool., Poiss., pl. 14, fig. 1. Lumpenus nubilus, RicHarpson, Last Arctic Voyage, Fishes, 13, pl. 28, 1855, Wellington Sound. (Coll. Edward Belcher.) Blennius (Clinus) lumpenus, RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Amer., 90, 1836. Clinus lumpenus, REINHARDT, Dans. Vidensk. Selsk. Nat. Afh., vil, 194, 1838. Sticheus lumpenus, GUNTHER, Cat., II, 280, 1861. Sticheus nubilus, GUNTHER, Cat., U1, 564, 1861. Centroblennius nubilus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 209. Lumpenus fabricii, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 778, 1883. Leptoblennius nubilus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 778, 1883; GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 451. 2794. LUMPENUS LAMPETREFORMWIS (Walbaum). (SNAKE BLENNY; TANGBROSME.) Head 9; depth about 15. D. LXXIII (LXVIII to LXXIV); A. 50 (49 to 52); V.1,3. Body elongate, head slender; lower jaw little shorter than upper; maxillary reaching front of eye. Vent well forward, near end of first third of body; pectoral convex, somewhat shorter than head; first 3 or 4 rays of dorsal short, little connected; caudal acuminate, free from dorsal and anal. Yellowish or greenish, with numerous (about 20) faint - brown blotches of different sizes, some of them confluent and extending obliquely upward on dorsal; caudal with transverse dark shades. (Col- lett.) North Atlantic and Arctic on both shores, south to Sweden and Norway, east to Spitzbergen; rare south to Cape Cod, if L. serpentinus is the same. We can find no difference on a comparison of our notes with published figures and descriptions, except that Storer describes serpentinus as having the caudal plain yellowish. (Eu.) (Lampetra, lamprey; forma, form.) Blennius capiti levi, etc., Mour, Hist. Nat. Islandie, 85, taf. 4, 1786, Iceland; D.72; A. 54. Blennius lampetreformis, WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 11, 184, 1792, Iceland; after MonR. Centronotus islandicus, BLocu & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 157, 1801, Iceland; after Monr. Clinus nebulosus, Fries, Vet. Akad. Handl., 55, 1887, Bohuslan, Sweden. Olinus mohri, Kroyer, Naturh. Tidsskr., 1 R, 1837, 32, Iceland. Blennius gracilis, Stuvivz, Nye Mag., Naturvid., 1, 406, 1838, west coast of Norway. Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America. 2439 Blennius serpentinus, SrORER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 111, 1848, 30, Massachusetts Bay, - from the stomach of a codfish (Coll. Capt. Nathaniel E. Atwood); Srormr, Hist. Fish. Mass. 169, pl. 18, f. 1, 1867. Gunnellus islandicus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X1, 433, 1836. Sticheus islandicus, GUNTHER, Cat., U1, 281, 1861. Lumpenus lampetreformis, COLLETY, Norske Nord-Hays Exp., 71,1880; JoRDAN & GIL- BERT, Synopsis, 778, 1883. Leptoblenninus serpentinus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 778, 1883. gig. STICHAZUS, Reinhardt. Stichceus, REINHARDT, Dansk. Vidensk. Natur. og Math. Afhandl. 1837, 109 (punctatus). Notogrammus, BEAN, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus., rv, 1881, 147 (rothrocki) ; young. Body moderately elongate, covered with small scales; teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Lateral line present, single, running along side of back; pectorals and ventrals well developed. Dorsal moderately high, of spines only; gill openings continued forward below, the membranes scarcely united to the isthmus; pyloric ceca present. Arctic seas, (6r1¥a@, to set in rows.) 2795. STICHEUS PUNCTATUS (Fabricius). Head 44; depth about 7. D. XLVIII or XLVIX; A. 32 to 35; eye twice interorbital width, 44 in head; snout subconical, 4 in head. Maxillary about equal to snout, 3% in head, reaching slightly beyond front of eye. Narrow bands of teeth in the jaws and present on vomer and palatines, the outer series in the upper jaw and the inner series in lower jaw enlarged. Seales small, cycloid; head and cheeks scaleless; longest dorsal spines slightly longer than snout. The membrane from Jast dorsal spine join- ing extreme base of upper caudal ray; anal wholly distinct; pectorals rather long, reaching vent, 1+ in head; ventrals 24 in head. Numerous large pores scattered over top and sides of head. Lateral line rather close to back, running along the upper fourth of height of body and ending abruptly at about 3 the length of body. Color bright scarlet, the head marked below witb 5 or 6 brown reticulations; a brown streak from snout through eye; fins irregularly marked by dark bars or spots; a narrow row of 5 large round black spots, each with a white band near its posterior margin, occurring at regular instances along dorsal fin; a row of about 8 large dark spots onanal. Arctic seas, from Greenland to northern Siberia, south to Bristol Bay and Newfoundland. Our description (from Dr. Gil- bert) taken from a specimen, about 5 inches in length, from Karta Bay, Alaska. It agrees very closely with the account by Ensign H. G. Dresel, of 2 examples from Godhavn, Disco Island, Greenland. The Alaska species must bethesame as the other. Dresel finds the depth 77in length. Dr.Gilbertfur- ther observes: A single specimen, 86 mm. long, was dredged in Bristol Bay, Alaska, Station 3239, depth 114 fathoms. Several larger individuals were seined in Karta Bay, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, July 12, 1889. The position of the lateral line in this species is incorrectly given as ‘‘ median” by Jordan & Gilbert in the Synopsis, pp. 755 and 775. Cuvier and Valen- ciennes, in their description, drawn from the writings of Fabricius, state 2440 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, that the lateral line runs along the upper fifth of the height of the body and terminates at about the middle of the length. This correctly describes its position in all our specimens, where it originates immediately above the opercle, exhibiting at first rather a strong upward convex curve, then running nearly parallel to the back, separated from base of dorsal fin by + height of body. It is very distinct throughout its course, and terminates at about the middle of the length. The narrow brown streak bounding the lateral line above, in Notogrammus rothrocki, is conspicuous in our smallest specimen (86 mm.). Branchiostegal membranes very narrowly joined anteriorly, forming a narrow free fold across the isthmus, from which they are entirely distinct. Narrow bands of teeth in the jaws, and distinctly present on vomer and palatines; the outer series in upper jaw and the inner series in the lower jaw enlarged. D. XLVII or XLVIII; A. I, 32 to 35. The membranes from last dorsal spine join extreme base of upper caudal ray; anal wholly distinct. We have not the material for a comparison of Pacific with Atlantic representatives of this species, and the published descriptions of the latter lack detail. (punctatus, spotted.) Blennius punctatus, FABRicius, Fauna-Groénlandica, 153, 1780, Greenland; REINHARDT, Naturhist. Selsk. Skrift., 1, pt. 2, pl. 10, fig. 3. Notogrammus rothrocki, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Iv, 1881, 146, Plover Bay and Cape Lisburne, Siberia; young. (Types, Nos. 27565, 27580, and 27573. Coll. Dr. Bean.) Clinus punctatus, RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Amer., IU, 88, 1836. Gunnellus punctatus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 428, 1836. Sticheus punctatus, KROYER, Naturhist. Tidsskr., 1, 377, 1837; GADMARD, Voy. en Scand. et Lapon., Zool., Poiss., pl. 20, fig. 2; GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 283, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 775, 1883; DRESEL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 249; GILBERT, Rept. U. 5. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 450. 920. ULVARIA, Jordan & Evermann. Ulwaria, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes N. and M. A., 475, 1896 (subbifurcatus). This genus is very close to Eumesogrammus, from which it differs in the absence of the lowermost or third lateral line, the median line being bifur- cate. (Ulva, the sea lettuce, in which many Blennioid fishes live.) 2796. ULVARIA SUBBIFURCATA (Storer). Head 44; depth nearly 5. D. XLIV; A. 30. Mouth rather large; max- illary reaching to below orbit; back somewhat arched; ventral outline nearly straight; eyes large; lateral lines 2 (the lowermost lateral line wanting); median lateral line forked; upper branch of median lateral line about } length of the head. Brownish, with several round paler blotches above at the base of the dorsal fin; spaces between these blotches darker, appearing like bars; a broad black bar crossing the opercle obliquely from below the orbit, and 2 parallel dark bars running back- wards from orbit; belly yellowish white; dorsal fin with numerous black dots. North Atlantic, south to Cape Cod; veryrare. (subbifurcatus, some- what forked. ) Pholis subbifurcatus, STORER, Rep. Fish. Mass., 63, 1839, Nahant, Mass. (Coll. Dr, Thos. M. Brewer); DE Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fishes, 150, 1842; SroreR, Hist. Fish. Mass., 258, 1867. Eumesogrammus subbifurcatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 775, 1883. Jordan and E-vermann.—Fishes of North America, 2441 g21. EUMESOGRAMMUS,* Gill. Eumesogrammus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 210 (precisus). Body comparatively short, the back somewhat arched; mouth rather large, the jaws with villiform teeth; teeth on vomer and palatines. Scales small; lateral lines 3, without accessory branches; pectorals and ventrals well developed. Dorsal moderately high, of spines only, free or slightly connected with the rounded caudal; gill openings continued forward below, the membranes narrowly joined to the isthmus; pyloric ceca present. Northern seas. (ev, well; wéGos, middle; ypausy, line; the longest lateral line being the middle one.) 2797. EDMESOGRAMMUS PRECISUS (Kroyer). Head4; depthnearly6. D. XLIX; A.34; V.3. Snout subconical; cleft of mouth slightly oblique; vomerine and palatine teeth present; 3 lateral lines on each side, the median one continued to the base of the caudal; ventral fin 4 as long as the pectoral, which is much shorter than head; dorsal fin terminating just at root of caudal. An ovate, black, white- edged spot between the sixth and tenth dorsal spines. Coasts of Green- land. (Giinther.) (precisus, exact.) Olinus precisus, KROYER, Naturh. Tidsskr., I, 25, August, 1836, Greenland. Clinus unimaculatus, REINHARDT, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk., vil, 114, Feb., 1837, Greenland. Sticheus unimaculatus, REINHARDT, Dansk. Vidensk., 109, 1837; GUNTHER, Cat., 283, 1861. Eumesogrammus precisus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 774, 1883. * The 2 following species from the Okhotsk Sea seem to represent 2 new genera (Hrno- grammus and Ozorthe) closely related to Humesogrammus: ERNOGRAMMUS ENNEAGRAMMUS (Kner). Head 33; depth 63. D. XLI; A. 33 or 34; P. 140r15. Eye4in head, as long as snout. Mouth large, nearly horizontal, the maxillary reaching middle of eye; lower jaw projecting; profile of snout nearly horizontal; fine pointed teeth in bands on jaws and across the vomer. Head naked; dorsalof high, slender spines; caudal separate, rounded; anal high; pectoral long, 14 in head; ventrals 4 as long as pectorals; scales very small, smooth; lateral lines each with short oblique branches, each ending in a wide pore; 1 lateral line along base of dorsal from head to caudal, 1 along middle of side, 1 along base of anal to caudal, this fork- ing at the vent and sending 2 parallel branches forward to the breast; brownish, 2 rows of small dark spots along middle lateral line; dorsal and anal with dark spots and a broad dark margin; pectorals with 3 black cross bands; a dark bar at base of caudal; 3 black bars from eye. Okhotsk Sea. Known from a specimen, 13 inches long, from Decastris Bay. (Kner.) (évvéa, nine; ypaupuy, line.) Hrnogrammus, new genus (épvos, branch), is distinguished from Eumesogrammus by the branching lateral line. Sticheus enneagrammus, KNER, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 1868, 16, taf. v1, f.19 Decastris Bay. (No, 1401le Mus. Wien.) OZORTHE HEXAGRAMMA (Schlegel). Head 53; depth5i. D.XLIII; A. 24. Snout pointed; mouth little oblique; the max- illary reaching frontof eye; bands of fine teeth on vomer and palatines; a few large canine- like teeth in front; eye 5 in head; dorsal spines all stiff, the middle ones longest; dorsal joined to caudal by membrane; lateral lines 3, the upper partly interrupted, sending at right angles upward and downward lines which join the middle line; third lateral line along base of anal only. Scales small. Dorsal with large dark brown spots obliquely placed; 3 brown stripes across cheek; anal colored like dorsal; caudal pectoral and ven- trals each with 3 dark cross bands. Northern coast of Japan to Okhotsk Sea. This de- scription (after Kner) from a specimen from Decastris Bay (No. 5575, Mus. Wien.). This differs somewhat from the type of the species and may be different. (ef, six; ypauwpy, line.) The new genus Ozorthe (oyos, branch; op6n, right angle) is distinguished by the form of its lateral lines as above described. Sticheus hexagrammus, SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Pisces, 136. pl. 3, f. 1., 1850. Bay of Simabara, Japan. Head 44; depth 64. D. XL; A. 29. GUNTHER, Cat., II, 284, 1861; Kner, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 1868, 45. t These dates are thus given by Kroyer, as quoted by Dr. Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864,210. We have been unable to verify them. 3030——76 2442 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. - Family CCI. CRYPTACANTHODID. (THE WRY-MOUTHS.) Body very long and slender, compressed, naked or covered with small, cycloid scales; lateral line obsolete or composed of open pores without tubes; head oblong, cuboid, with vertical cheeks; conspicuous muciferous channels in mandible and preopercle; head flattish above, with deep rounded pits between and behind eyes; mouth large, very oblique; lower jaw very heavy, its tip projecting; premaxillary not protractile; jaws with rather sharp, conical teeth; larger teeth on the vomer and sometimes on palatines. Gill membranes joined to the isthmus, the gill openings pro- longed forward below. Pyloric cecad. Pseudobranchie small. Dorsal fin long, composed entirely of spines, which are rather strong, but envel- oped in the skin; dorsal and anal joined to the caudal; no ventral fins; pectorals short. Blennies of large size, of the Northern shores of America. Three species known, forming 3 genera. (Blenniida, genus Cryptacan- thodes, Giinther, Cat., 111, 291, 1861.) a. Body scaly; lateral line present, composed of open pores; isthmus narrow; teeth on palatines. DELOLEPIS, 922. aa. Body naked; lateral line obsolete. ec. Palatines with teeth; isthmus narrow. CRYPTACANTHODES, 923. ec. Palatines toothless; isthmus rather broad. LYCONECTES, 924. 922. DELOLEPIS, Bean. Delolepis, BEAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1882, 465 (virgatus). Body anguilliform, moderately compressed posteriorly, covered with small, imbricated, cycloid scales; vent nearly median; a small anal papilla; lateral line continuous, straight, nearly median, composed of open pores, without prominent tubes. Head oblong, subquadrangular, naked, the muciferous channels well developed, the vertex shallow concave; snout short, obtuse; nostril tubular, close behind premaxillary; eyes small, high, separated by an interspace of moderate width, surrounded by a series of shallow pits; mouth wide, oblique, terminal, the lower jaw projecting beyond the upper; lips fleshy; premaxillaries slightly protractile, with 2 rows of small conical teeth; a few larger teeth at the symphysis; vomer and palatines with a few rather large teeth; tongue smooth, adherent; mandible with a few shallow pits, the series continued on the posterior border of preopercle; opercles unarmed. Gill membranes attached to a narrow isthmus; gill rakers very short; pseudobranchiz present. Branch- iostegals 6. Pectorals short, placed low, their bases vertical; ventrals none; dorsal beginning above gill opening, composed entirely of spines; anal with 2 spines and many split rays; dorsal and anal continuous with the caudal, which is rather long and pointed. Intestine short, with a few pyloric ceca. (67)A0S, visible; Aezzs, scale.) 2798. DELOPLEPIS VIRGATUS, Bean. Head 6; depth 10. D.LXXVI; A.II, 46; P.13; cca 6. Width of head equal to greatest depth of body; interorbital area equal to snout, or 4 length of mandible; maxillary reaching a little behind eye, its length 3 in Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2443 distance from snout to front of dorsal; eye 2 in snout, 11 inhead. Begin- ning at a short distance behind origin of dorsal, smail, oblong, cycloid scales, closely imbricated, cover a strip of the body along the lateral line; the scaled area gradually widens backward until, behind the vent, only a very narrow strip along bases of dorsal and anal is naked. Dorsal begin- ning over upper angle of gill opening; first spine 4 as long as the seventy- first or longest; caudal 11 in length; pectoral 3 in head. Brownish yellow; a brown stripe along lateral line, another along back, a third along base of anal. Length 30 inches. Coast of southern Alaska to Puget Sound; not rare about Seattle. (virgatus, striped.) Delolepis virgatus, BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 466, Kingcombe Inlet, British Columbia; Port Wrangel, Alaska (Coll. Capt. H. E. Nichols. Types, Nos. 29149 and 29150, U.S. Nat. Mus.); JORDAN & STARKS, Fishes Puget Sound, in Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 848. 923. CRYPTACANTHODES, Storer. Cryptacanthodes, STORER, Rept. Fish. Mass., 28, 1839 (maculatus). Body long and slender, compressed, naked, without lateral line; head cuboid, with vertical cheeks and conspicuous muciferous cavities; eyes small, placed high; mouth large, very oblique, the very heavy lower jaw prominent in front; jaws, vomer, and palatines with stoutish conical teeth, in few series. Gill openings prolonged forward below, narrowly attached to the isthmus. Dorsal fin of stoutish spines, hidden in the skin; dorsal and anal joined to caudal; pectorals short; ventrals wanting. (pumrds, hidden; axav4@6dns, spined.) 2799. CRYPTACANTHODES MACULATUS, Storer. (WRyY-MOUTH; GHOST-FISH.) Head 63; depth 13. D.LXXIII; A. 50. Eyes small, placed high, not so wide as the interorbital space, which has 2 ridges and 3 pits; orbital rim raised; 2 deep pits behind each eye at the temples; a deeper pit on the top of head between them; a raised ridge continued backward on each side of head behind orbital rim; maxillary extending to beyond eye; pseudo- branchie small; pectorals short, 3 in head, their tips reaching beyond front of dorsal; vent a little in front of middle of body. Light brownish, with several series of smallish dark spots, arranged in more or less reg- ular rows, from head to base of caudal; vertical fins closely spotted with darker; head above thickly speckled; body sometimes (‘inornatus”) entirely immaculate. Length 24 inches. Labrador to Long Isiand Sound; not very common; a few specimens have been taken at Woods Hole. The ghost-fish form (inornatus) occasionally seen, is doubtless an albino. (maculatus, spotted.) Cryptacanthodes maculatus, STORER, Rept. Fish. Mass., 28, 1839, coast of Massachusetts; DE Kay, N.Y. Fauna: Fishes, 63, pl. 18, fig. 50, 1842; GiinrHER, Cat., 111, 291, 1861; Jor- DAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 780, 1883. Ophidiwm imberbe, Peck, Amer. Acad., 2d part, 11, 1804, 46, pl.4, New Hampshire; A. 49; P.14; C. 22; not of LInNNzvs. Fierasfer borealis, DEKay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 316, 1842, New York; after PECK. Cryptacanthodes inornatus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1863, 332, Coast of Massachu- setts; albino form. 2444 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 924. LYCONECTES, Gilbert. Lyconectes, GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 452 (aleutensis). Mouth subvertical; lower jaw projecting; premaxillary protractile. Teeth strong, conic, wide set, in more than 1 series. Mucous pits prom- inent on head. Gill opening narrow, ceasing opposite middle of base of pectorals, the membranes widely joined to isthmus. Dorsal and anal wholly joined to caudal, the latter extending well beyond them; dorsal fin composed of spines only; no ventral fins. Body naked; no lateral line. This genus differs from Cryptacanthodes principally in the absence of palatine teeth, agreeing with it in general appearance and in most details of structure. Alaska. (Avxos, wolf; vyxrtp, swimmer.) 2800. LYCONECTES ALEUTENSIS, Gilbert. Head 74; depth 144. D. LXIX; A. 49; P. 13; caudal 18. Head square in cross section, the upper and lower surfaces plain, the cheeks vertical, the depth and width equal. Mouth still more oblique than in Cryptacan- thodes maculatus, with much heavier mandible and less expanded maxil- lary, the exposed portion of the latter lying vertically, and not extending beyond vertical from middle of eye. Teeth all similar, few in number, those in premaxillary arranged in 2 series, the inner of which are smaller than the outer, from which they are separated by a wide interspace; teeth in mandible in a single series laterally, becoming a sparsely filled patch toward symphysis; 4 or 5 similar conical teeth on head of vomer; pala- tines toothless. A long nostril tube overhangs the upper lip. Upper lip separated by a fold from forehead, the upper jaw protractile. Eye extremely small, sunken in the socket, which it does not nearly fill, its diameter slightly less than 4 interorbital width; supraorbital rim not ele- vated, and containing no conspicuous projections; suborbital rim swollen, with an enlarged mucous channel; a conspicuous series of mucous pits along each mandible and the margin of preopercle; 2 series on top of head diverging backward from above the eyes; otherwise no pits or pro- jections on head; a shallow triangular depression on occiput. Gill slit much less oblique than margin of preopercle, its length 14 times the dis- tance between lower ends of gill slits, the latter reaching the vertical from middle of opereles. Dorsal fin of rather flexible spines, not con- cealed in heavy fin membranes; origin of dorsal immediately behind axil of pectorals. Hinder margin of occiput midway between front of dorsal and middle of eye. Origin of anal well in advance of middle of length, its distance from tip of snout contained 12 times in its distance from base of caudal. Pectoral short, rounded, its base separated by a wide prepec- toral area from gill slit, the width of area } length of fin, the latter equal- ing distance from tip of snout to middle of eye. No ventrals. Body covered with lax naked skin, which also covers but does not obscure rays of anal fin; no pores to lateral line. Color in life, reddish on head, body, and fins, due to the blood vessels in the skin. Aleutian Islands. A single specimen, 180 mm. long, known. (Gilbert.) Lyconectes aleutensis, GILBERT, Rept. U. S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 452, pl. 34, fig. 3, Alba- tross Station 3312, north of Unalaska Island, in 45 fathoms. (Coll. Albatross.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2445 Family CCII. ANARHICHADID. (THE WOLE-FISHES. ) Body oblong or elongate, covered with rudimentary scales; no lateral line. Head scaleless, without cirri, its bones very thick and strong, the profile strongly decurved. Mouth very large, oblique, the jaws anteriorly with very strong conical canines; sides of lower jaw with very strong molar teeth, which shut against a series of very coarse molars on the pala- tines; vomer solid, armed with strong molar teeth, the dentition adapted for crushing sea-urchins and mollusks. Gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus; no pyloric ceca. Dorsal fin high, composed entirely of flex- ible spines; no ventral fins; pectoral fins broad, placed low. Large car- nivorous fishes of the northern seas. Two genera and about 6 species known. (Blenniide, pt., Giinther, Cat., 11, 208-211, 1861.) ANARHICHADINZE:: a. Body moderately elongate, the tail not tapering to a point; dorsal and anal separate from the caudal. ANARHICHAS, 925. ANARRHICHTHYIN2Z: aa. Body eel-shaped, excessively elongate; the dorsal and anal joined with the caudal at the end of the long and tapering tail. ANARRHICHTHYs, 926. 925. ANARHICHAS (Artedi) Linnus. (WOLF-FISHES. ) Anarhichas (ARTEDI) LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 247, 1758 (lupus). Body moderately elongate, covered with rudimentary scales; head scale- less, without cirri, compressed, narrowed above, the profile strongly decurved; mouth wide, oblique; premaxillary not protractile; jaws with very strong conical canines anteriorly; lateral teeth of lower jaw either molar or with pointed tubercles; upper jaw without lateral teeth; vomer extremely thick and solid, with 2 series of coarse molar teeth; palatines with 1 or 2 similar series. Gill membranes broadly joined to the isthmus; no lateral line. Dorsal fin rather high, composed entirely of flexible spines, which are enveloped in the skin; anal fin lower; caudal fin developed, free from dorsal and anal; no ventral fins; pectoral fins broad, placed low; air-bladder present; no pyloric ceca. Northern seas. (Ana- rhichas (or Scansor), the climber; an ancient name of Anarhichas lupus; from avappixyaouat, to climb or scramble up; the allusion not evident, the word spelled with a single r by Artedi and Linnzeus. ) a. Dorsal spines 60 to 70. b. Vomerine teeth not extending farther backward than the palatine teeth. c. Back and sides vaguely mottled, without spots or bands; vomerine teeth not extending nearly as far backward as palatine teeth. LATIFRONS, 2801. ec. Back and sides profusely covered with roundish black spots; vomerine teeth extending nearly as far backward as palatine teeth. MINOR, 2802. bb. Vomerine teeth extending much farther backward than the short band of pala- tine teeth; sides of body with 9 to 12 darker cross bars; nape and shoulder with dark spots. LUPUS, 2803. 2446 + Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. aa. Dorsal spines 80 to 85; body without bands or spots; vomerine teeth extending farther backward than palatine band. d. Head moderate, 44 in length; caudal rays 20; upper canines 4. LEPTURUS, 2804. dd. Head very large; caudal rays 17; upper canines 6. ORIENTALIS, 2805, 2801. ANARHICHAS LATIFRONS, Steenstrup & Hallgrimossn. Head 5; depth 4. D.LXVII; A.45. Body more robust than A. lupus, the dorsal fin lower. Head broad, the profile not strongly decurved; teeth much smaller than in 4. lupus; vomerine teeth not extending nearly as far back as the palatine series. Pectorals 3? length of head; dorsal fin not very high, beginning above the gill opening, the longest spine less than } head; caudal2}in head. Brown, obscurely spotted with darker; the sides without dark bars or black spots. (Collett.) North Atlantic on both coasts, chiefly north of the Arctic Circle, south to Banquereau on our coast.” (Eu.) (latus, broad; frons, forehead.) Anarrhichas latifrons, STEENSTRUP & HALLGRIMSSON, Férh. Skand. Naturf.3 die Méte 1842, 647; BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 11, 1879, 218; COLLETT, Meddelsk. Norges Fiske 1879, 46; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 782, 1883; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 301, fig. 271, 1896. Anarrhichas denticulatus, KROYER, Overs. Vidensk. Selsk. Kjéb. 1844, 140. 2802. ANARHICHAS MINOR, Olafsen. Head 54; depth 53. D. LXXVIII; A. 46. Form of Anarhichas lupus or a little more slender; fins similarly formed, the dorsal a little lower. Vomerine teeth extending nearly or quite as far back as the palatines. Body pale olivaceous or yellowish; sides without vertical bars; round, black spots covering dorsal and caudal fins as well as back and sides down to the level of the pectoral; head spotted; belly immaculate. North At- lantic, on both coasts, chiefly north of the Arctic Circle, south to Eastport, Maine; Gloucester; and Norway. (Eu.) (minor, smaller.) Anarrhichas minor, OLAFSEN, Reise i Island, 592, 1772, Iceland. Anarrhichas pantherinus, ZUIEW, Nov. Act. Petrop. 1781, 271; BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, 1879, 217; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 781, 1883; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 301, fig. 270, 1896. Anarrhichas karrak, BONNATERRE, Encycl. Ichth., 38, 1788, Iceland; after OLAFSEN. Anarrhichas maculatus, BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 496, 1801, Iceland; after OLAFSEN. Anarrhichas leopardus, AGASSIZ in SPIx, Pisce. Brasil., tab. 51, 1829, ‘‘ Atlantic Ocean.”’ 2803. ANARHICHAS LUPUS, Linnzus. (WOLF-FISH.) Head 6; depth 54. D. LXII; A. 42. Maxillary reaching beyond orbit; band of vomerine teeth extending much farther back than the short palatine band. Pectorals large, rounded, % length of head. Dorsal high, beginning over the gill opening, its longest rays about $ length of head. Brownish or bluish gray; sides with numerous (9 to 12) very dark transverse bars, which are continued on the dorsal fin; besides these Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2447 numerous dark spots and reticulations, the spots most distinct below front of dorsal; fins dark; caudal tipped with reddish. Length 3 to 4 feet. North Atlantic, south to Cape Cod and France; rather common both in America and Europe. A large voracious fish, not valued as food. The American form, vomerinus, seems to be fully identical with the European. (Eu.) (Lupus, a wolf.) Anarhichas lupus, LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 247, 1758, no definite locality ; after ARTEDT; GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 208, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 781, 1883; GooDE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 299, 1896. Anarhichas strigosus, GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1, 1144, 1788, British Sea. Anarrhichas vomerinus, AGASSIZ in STORER, Hist. Fish. Mass., 265, p]. 18, fig. 1, 1867, Cusk Rocks, between Boston and Cape Ann. . 2804. ANARHICHAS LEPTURUS, Bean. (ALASKA WOLF-FISH.) Head 44; depth 5. D. LXXXI; A. 52; C. 20 or 21. Head moderate; maxillary + as long as head; nostril nearer eye than mouth. Four large canines in the upper jaw and 5 in the lower, all of them strongly recurved; behind the caninés in each jaw are a few sharp, conical teeth, also recurved; palatine teeth in 2 series, 4 in the outer and 5 in the inner series, those in the outer series the longer; vomerine teeth in 2 series, the vormerine patch beginning in advance of the palatine, and extending farther back than the latter; head and fins scaleless; median line of body and all of tail with small, widely separated scales. Dark brown, without bands or spots; belly pale, clouded with very dark brown. (Bean.) Coasts of Alaska, south to Vancouver Island; common about the Aleu- tian Islands, and perhaps identical with Anarhichas orientalis. (Aemros, slender; ovpa, tail.) Anarrhichas lepturus, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1, 1879, 212, St. Michaels, Alaska; Jor. DAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 782, 1883; GOODE & BEAN, Ocean. Ichth., 299, 1896. ? Anarrhichas orientalis, PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 111, 77, 1811, Kamchatka. 2805. ANARHICHAS ORIENTALIS, Pallas. This species, if correctly described, would differ from Anarhichas lep- turus in the very large head, 24 times in total length of body; in the absence of scales; in having the nostril midway between eye and mouth, and in having 6 canines intheupper jaw. Colorplainbrown. D. LXXXIV; C.17. Coast of Kamchatka. (Pallas.) As the first of these characters is certainly erroneous, it is likely that the others are also, and that this Species is not distinct from Anarhichas lepturus. (orientalis, eastern.) Anarrhichas orientalis, PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., II, 77, 1811, Kamchatka. ? Anarrhichas lepturus, BEAN, Proc, U. S. Nat. Mus., 11, 1879, 212, St. Michaels. 926. ANARRHICHTHYS, Ayres. Anarrhichthys, AYRES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., I, 1855, 32 (ocellatus). Body elongate, tapering backward into a very long and compressed tail, around which the dorsal and anal are confluent with the caudal. Scales rudimentary; no lateral line. Dorsal high, composed entirely of 2448 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. flexible spines; pectoral fins broad, placed low; no ventral fins. Head very large, compressed, the snout rather short; mouth large; jaws with very strong, conical canines anteriorly; vomer and palatines each with about 2 rows of coarse molars, the palatine band shutting against similar teeth on the sides of the lower jaw. Gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus. No pyloric cwca. Large, eel-shaped fishes of the North Pacific, remarkable for the tremendous dentition, the head essentially as in Anarhichas, the body strikingly different. (Anarhichas; 7ySvs, fish.) 2806. ANARRHICHTHYS OCELLATUS, Ayres. (WoLF-EEL.) Head 11; depth 15. D. CCL; A. 233; P.19. Body elongate, formed as in an eel; the head and jaws very strong. Pectorals broad, more than 4 head; longest dorsal spine + head. Color dark greenish, the body and dorsal fin everywhere covered with round, ocellated black spots of various sizes, the light markings forming reticulations around the spots; head paler, with the reticulations in much finer pattern; anal pale-edged. Length 5 to 8 feet. Pacific coast, from Monjerey north to Puget Sound; generally common. One of our most remarkable fishes; rarely used as food. It feeds chiefly on sea-urchins and sand dollars. (ocellatus, with eye-like spots. ) . Anarrhichthys ocellatus, AYRES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., 1, 1855, 31, San Francisco; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 782, 1893; JoRDAN & STARKS, Fishes Puget Sound, 848, 1895. Anarrhichthys felis, GrRaRD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 150, San Francisco (Type, No. 511. Coll. W. 0. Ayres), name only, no description; Girarp, U.S. Pac. R. R. Surv., x, Fish., 125, pl. 25a, figs. 1 to 3, 1858; Giwrner, Cat., m1, 211, 1861. Family CCUI. CERDALIDZ. Body elongate, compressed, covered with small scales; no lateral line; head small; gill openings reduced to small slit-like openings more or less horizontal in position; dorsal fin very long and low, anteriorly of slen- der spines, which pass gradually into the soft rays; no free spines; no cirri; tail not isocercal; pseudobranchiz well developed. Three species known, from the west coast of tropical America in rock pools near the shore. The presence of some spines in the dorsal separates them from the Scytalinide, while the small gill openings distinguish them from the Blenniida, to which they are more nearly allied. a. Ventral fins each with 2 rays; dorsal rays 41; body moderately elongate; greatest depth 102 in length; distance from insertion of dorsal to occiput equal to length of head. CERDALE, 927. aa. Ventral fins each with 1] ray; dorsal rays 48 to55; body very elongate, eel-like, its depth 15 to 18 in length. MICRODrsMUS, 928. 927. CERDALE, Jordan & Gilbert. Cerdale, JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1881, 332 (ionthas). This genus differs from Microdesmus in the presence of 2 rays in the ven- tral fin. Its body is much less elongate than in Microdesmus. The gill openings are reduced to small, nearly horizontal slits below and in front of the pectoral fins. (xepédaA7, the wary one, the fox-like.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2449 2807. CERDALE IONTHAS, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 7? in length; depth 103%. D.41; A.36 to 38; C.4-17-4; P.12; V. 2. Body considerably elongate, compressed, of nearly equal depth throughout, the head tapering rapidly from occiput to snout; snout short, not obtuse, but the lower jaw heavy and blunt, much projecting beyond the premaxillaries; gape very short and oblique, the tip of the premaxil- lary not reaching ventral from orbit. Margin of upper jaw formed en- tirely by the premaxillaries, which are free laterally, but scarcely mov- able mesially. Maxillary not distinguishable, probably enveloped in the integument of the snout. Teeth rather strong, short, blunt, in a double series in each jaw, apparently wanting on the vomer and palatines. Lips developed laterally, where they form a fold around the angle of the mouth; lower lip adnate mesially, the upper reduced to an obsolete fold. Length of gape } length of head. Nostrils 2, distant, the anterior at the end of the snout, almost labial, the posterior above front of orbit, both circular. Eye very small, somewhat less than interorbital width or than length of snout. Distance from snout to past margin of orbit contained 2% times in length of head. Pseudobranchie well developed. Gil) openings very nar- row, reduced to a short, nearly horizontal slit, extending forward from a point just below the lower base of the pectoral fin. Branchiostegals evi- dent, apparently 4 in number. Vertical fins well developed; dorsal and anal both long, the membrane of the last ray of each joining the base of the rudimentary rays of the caudal. Distance from occiput to the origin of dorsal fin equal to the length of the head; rays of dorsal fin very slen- der, distinct, the membrane thin and transparent, the rays all, or nearly all, articulate, the anterior simple, the posterior bifid at tip. Vent slightly in advance of middle of length of body, the anal fin beginning immediately behind it; anal rays bifid at tip, excepting the first 2, which appear sim- ple; tail not isocercal, truncate at base of caudal, most of the rays of the caudal springing from the expanding last vertebra; caudal fin rounded, 4 length of head, its rays much branched, more closely set than the rays of the dorsal and anal; rudimentary rays very numerous; ventral fins small, close together, inserted slightly in advance of the lower end of the pectoral, each fin composed of 2 rays, the inner prolonged beyond the outer, and bifid at tip, about as long as pectoral fin and # length of head; pectorals well developed, broad, the rays branched at tip. Head and body entirely covered with small scales, which are close set but hardly imbri- cate, not arranged in series; mandible, snout, and gill membrane scaly; scales on belly and breast smaller than the others and more thickly set; base of caudal and pectoral fins scaled. Coloration in life, body translu- cent light olive, immaculate below; back and sides very finely marked with clusters of fine dots, the ground color appearing as reticulations be- tween the clusters, which are of irregular size and form; on the sides of the head these dots form bars, which radiate from the eye to the snout and lower side of the head. This species is known from 3 specimens, 24 to 3 inches in length, taken in a rock pool at Panama. (Zov§as, freckled.) Cerdale ionthas, JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1881, 332, Panama. (Coll Chas. H. Gilbert.) 2450 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 928. MICRODESMUS, Giinther. Microdesmus, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1864, 26 (dipus). Body anguilliform, covered with rudimentary scales; head small, with short, obtuse snout and small mouth; lower jaw projecting; teeth minute, in jaws only; eyes very small; gill opening reduced to a very narrow, somewhat oblique slit, in front of lower part of pectorals; vertical fins well developed, the dorsal and anal joined to the caudal by a thin mem- brane; rays of dorsal mostly articulate, all but a few of the last simple; ventral fins very small, reduced to a single ray; pectorals moderate; vent normal, in middle of body. Pacific coast of tropical America. (s7pds, small; de6u0s, a band.) a. Dorsal rays 55, the fin beginning less than a head’s length behind occiput. DIPUS, 2808. aa. Dorsal rays 48, the fin beginning more than a head’s length behind the occiput. RETROPINNIS, 2809. 2808. MICRODESMUS DIPUS, Giinther. Head about 11 in totallength; depth about 18. D.55; A. 34; C.16; P.12; V.1. Head rather compressed, snout short, mouth very narrow, lower jaw very prominent. Eye minute, lateral, and in anterior third of head, Dorsal fin commencing at a distance from occiput which is somewhat less than length of head, nearly even, the rays very distinct, the interradial membrane being thin and transparent; anal fin commencing immediately behind vent. Caudal rays much more slender and more closely set than those of dorsal and anal; caudal fin rounded, } length of head; pectorals as long as ventrals, and } as long as head; ventrals close together, and inserted a little behind root of pectoral. Upper parts uniformly brownish olive. Panama. Known from asingle specimen, 44 inches long. (Giinther.) (és, two; zovs, foot.) Microdesmus dipus, GUNTHER, Proc. Zoo]. Soc. London, January 26, 1864, 4, pl. 3, fig. 2, Central America (Coll. Capt. Dow); JORDAN, Cat., 126, 1885. 2809. MICRODESMUS RETROPINNIS, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 144 in length; greatest depth 153. D.48; A. 29; C.3-17-3; P. 13; V.1. Body very elongate, compressed, tapering somewhat from front of dorsal to caudal peduncle. Head very small, rapidly tapering forward from occiput; upper profile with a noticable depression behind the orbits, the outline thence to snout strongly convex. Mouth very small, some- what oblique, the fleshy tip at symphysis of lower jaw projecting much beyond the premaxillaries; gape scarcely reaching vertical from orbit. Teeth small, apparently in a single series in each jaw only. Nostrils double, distant, the anterior near the end of snout, the posterior above anterior margin of orbit. Gill openings a very narrow, somewhat oblique slit, from front of lower third of pectoral fin downward and forward. Branchiostegals evident, 4 or 5 in number. Eye very small, lateral, situated neat the upper profile of the head, its diameter nearly 4 the length of the short snout. Vertical fins well developed; dorsal and anal Jordan and Evermann,.—Fishes of North America, 2451 connected with the caudal by a very delicate membrane. Distance from origin of dorsal fin to occiput 3 times the length of the head, its rays dis- tinct, connected by thin transparent membrane, as are the rays of the anal; most of the rays simple and undivided (but mostly articulate), a few of the posterior only forked at tip; origin of anal fin nearly equidis- tant between gill rakers and tip of caudal, its rays mostly forked at tip; caudal rays much divided and more closely set than those of dorsal and anal, the fin somewhat pointed in outline, as long as the head; tail not isocereal, truncate at base of caudal fin; ventral fins very small, close together, inserted slightly behind base of pectorals; each fin reduced to a single undivided filament; pectoral fin small, pointed, the middle rays longest, much shorter than the ventrals, and 4+ the length of the head. Vent considerably behind middle of total length of the fish (with cau- dal). Head and body covered with scattered rudimentary scales. Color in life, translucent light olive, with a series of irregular quadrate dark blotches along the back and aseries along each side, these blotches formed of clusters of dark points. One specimen, nearly 4 inches in length, was taken in arock pool at Panama; others since taken by Dr. Gilbert. This species differs from the description of the previously known Microdesmus dipus, Giinther, in the posterior insertion of the dorsal and the posterior position of the vent, the smaller number of fin rays, the shorter head, longer ventrals, and mottled coloration. (retro, backward; pinna, fin.) Microdesmus retropinnis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1881, 331, Panama. (Coll. C. H. Gilbert.) Family CCIV. PTILICHTHYID. (THE QUILL-FISHES.) Body extremely elongate, serpentiform, little compressed, the tail taper- ing to a point. Skin with a few thin, loose, scattered scales; no lateral line. Head unarmed, rather small; upper jaw not protractile; snout short; mouth oblique; lower jaw projecting considerably beyond the upper, with a protruding fleshy appendage at tip. Maxillary reaching front of eye. Mandiblelittle movable. Both jaws with fine, close-set, sharp teeth, in 1 row, the posterior teeth a little the largest; no evident teeth on vomer or palatines. Gill openings restricted to below the most convex part of the opercle, the membranes broadly united below, free from the isthmus. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth. Pseudobranchix very small, almost obsolete. Gill rakers short and stout. Pectorals short; ventrals wanting; dorsal beginning close behind the nape, the anterior portion for about + the length of the body composed of very low, stiff, free spines, hooked backward, the posterior portion higher, of slender soft rays con- nected by thin membrane. No caudal fin, the tip of the tail free. Anal similar to the soft dorsal, without spines. Vent at considerable distance from the head. North Pacific. A single species known. Concerning the relationships of this interesting group, Dr. Gilbert observes: “The genus Ptilichthys, of which this species [ P. goodei] is the sole repre- sentative, has been doubtfully referred by Dr. Bean to the Mastacembelidu, a 2452 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. family of fresh-water fishes inhabiting the East Indies, characterized by having the shoulder girdle posteriorly placed and not articulating with the cranium (Order Opisthomi, Gill). The necessity for preserving intact the unique type of the species prevented Dr. Bean from making any anatom- ical examination of Ptilichthys, and it was reserved for Dr. Theodore Gill, in the Standard Natural History, 111, 259, 1885, to express his disbelief in the relationships which have been suggested, and to make the fish the type of a peculiar family, the Ptilichthyide, to be placed provisionally among the Blennioid series. His adherence to this view is again expressed in his list of ‘Families and Subfamilies of Fishes,’ appearing as the Sixth Memoir of Volume VI, of the National Academy of Sciences. He has doubtless indicated the proper position of this peculiar fish as nearly as we are now able to determine it. An examination of its shoulder girdle shows it to be entirely normal. The post-temporal is not furcate, but isa very slender bony rod attaching to the epiotic region of the skull, and giving loose attachment posteriorly to the almost equally slender postero- temporal. The latter overlaps the upper end of the clavicle in the usual manner. A postclavicle was not detected. The coracoid portion consists of a roundish, oblong, perforated hypercoracoid meeting the hypocoracoid directly, without intervening cartilage. The curved line separating the two bones corresponds distally with the interspace between the first (upper) and second actinosts. The hypocoracoid is broad and short; its mesially directed (i. e., inferior) process joins at its tip the clavicle, but is elsewhere separated from the latter by the usual elongate membranaceous interspace. The actinosts are 4 in number, of large size, hourglass-shaped. The jaws are normal, the premaxillary alone occupying the front and sides of upper jaw and bearing the teeth, while the maxillary is a broad bone lying behind it, overlapped proximally by the maxillary process of the palatines, Both vomer and palatines seem to be toothless. The alimentary canal is almost perfectly straight, with the anterior portion entirely enveloped in the long, narrow liver. At the pylorus occurs a short and abrupt U-shaped flexure, scarcely noticeable on account of the closeness with which the sides are joined, and the fact that the width of the flexure is no greater than the cross diameter of the tube. Pyloric ceca are not evident. Air bladder is entirely wanting. The ovary is single, apparently without via- duct, and contains in our specimen eggs which are comparatively very large.” (Gilbert.) (Ptilichthyide, Gill, Standard Nat. Hist., 111, 259, 1885.) 929. PTILICHTHYS, Bean. Ptilichthys, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Iv, 1881, 157 (goodei). Characters of the genus included above. (zriAov, quill; zy6Us, fish.) 2810. PTILICHTHYS GOODEI, Bean. D. XC, 145; A. about 185; P.12. Eye rather large, as long as snout, 5 in head; cheeks and opercles long; pectoral fin 4.as long as head; soft dorsal and anal deeper than body posteriorly, anal a little lower than dorsal. Vent near end of anterior third of body; distance from vent to Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2453 beginning of soft dorsal 3} times length of head; length of head twice its greatest depth, 54 in distance to vent; appendage of mandible 4 as. long as eye; free tip of caudal % eye. Orange or yellowish, body with a blackish longitudinal stripe; anal darker in color than dorsal. Length about 12 inches. Aleutian Islands; rare; in water of moderate depth. Here described from the original type from Unalaska; 2 other specimens known, the one studied by Dr. Gilbert taken in the entrance to the har- bor of Unalaska. (Named for Dr. George Brown Goode.) ~< Ptilichthys goodei, BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Iv, 1881, 157, Port Levachef, Unalaska (Col. Sylvanus Bailey. Type, No. 26619, U.S. Nat. Mus.); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synop- sis, 369, 1883; GILBERT, Rept. U. S. Fish Comm, 1893 (1896), 453. Group OPHIDIOIDEA. (THE EEL-POUTS.) This group, as a whole, agrees with the Blennioidea in all respects, except that no spines are developed in any of the fins, save sometimes in the posterior part of the dorsal. From the Anacanthini, with which the Ophidioidea agree in the jugular ventrals and in the absence of spines, they are separated by the form of the hypercoracoid, which is perforate, as in ordinary fishes. The group is a very large and varied one, widely dis- tributed in all seas. a. Pseudobranchiz well developed, very rarely small or obsolete. b. Ventral fins jugular, inserted much behind the eye, often wanting, never filamentous. c. Gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus; ventrals wanting; no scales. SCYTALINID, CCV. ec. Gill membranes united to the isthmus, the gill openings lateral. ZOARCIDA, CCVI. bb. Ventral fins developed as slender filaments attached at the throat not far behind eye. e. Gill membranes broadly attached to the isthmus; no scales. DEREPODICHTHYID®, CCVII. ee. Gill membranes nearly separate, free from the isthmus; body scaly. OPHIDIID, CCVIII. aa. Pseudobranchie absent (or rudimentary in some Brotulide). Jf. Ventral fins wanting; no scales. g- Vent normal, well behind pectorals. LYCODAPODIDA, CCIX. gg. Vent at the throat. FIERASFERID, CCX. jf. Ventral fins well developed; vent posterior, normal. h. Dorsal fin single, low; ventral fins short. BROTULID, CCXI. hh. Dorsal fins 2, the anterior, at the nape, of a single long ray; ventral fins elongate. * BREGMACEROTID, CCXII. Family CCV. SCYTALINID. Body elongate, compressed, eel-shaped, naked. Head depressed, with tumid cheeks, like the head of a snake. Mouth moderate, horizontal, the lower jaw the longer; teeth in a single series in the jaws, vomer, and palatines; no barbels. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; pseudobranchie present. Gill membranes broadly connected, free from the isthmus. Dor- 2454 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, sal fin long and low, beginning near middle of body, of slender rays embedded in the skin; anal similar to dorsal, both connected to the cau- dal fin; tail diphycercal; pectoral fins small, ventral fins wanting. Vent remote from the head, without papilla. Air bladder none; ceca none. Vertebre numerous, small. The skeleton does not differ essentially from that of Lycodopsis pacificus, with which it has been compared. The skull is not at all depressed, the wide depressed form of the head of the fish is due to the fleshy cheeks. The frontal takes up the greater part of the top of the skull, the parietals are separated by the supraoccipital, which extends forward to the frontals. Opercles all present. Lower jaw large and strong. Post-temporal scarcely so firmly attached as in Lycodes; the clavicle long and slender. As here understood, this family consists of a single species, a shore fish of the Northern Pacific, living in the gravel between tide marks, and diving with great activity into the wet gravel when disturbed. Its relations are apparently with the Zoarcide. It is not certain that Scytalina has any special affinity with the Congrogadide, in which group it was at first placed by Jordan & Gilbert. 930. SCYTALINA, Jordan & Gilbert. Scytalina, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 266 (cerdale). Scytaliscus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 111 (cerdale); substitute for Scytalina on account of the earlier Scytalinus, Erichson, a genus of Coleoptera. Body very long and slender, covered with smallscales. Head depressed, shaped like the head of a snake, with tumid cheeks and a distinct neck. Eyes small, superior. Mouth rather large, the lower jaw slightly project- ing. Teeth conic, in single series on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Each jaw with 2 canines in front. No lateral line; pseudobranchize small. Gill rakers almost obsolete. Dorsal fin very low, its first ray near the middle of the body. Anal fin similar to dorsal, nearly as long. ‘Tail diphycercal, the caudal well developed. (Diminutive of Scytale, from Ouvt addy, a viper.) 2811. SCYTALINA CERDALE, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 8; depth 14. D. 41; A. 36. Head broader than body; body much deeper behind vent than anteriorly; snout depressed, rounded at tip; cheeks very long; opercle short; interorbital space rather broad, concave posteriorly ; eyes very small, anterior and superior, 10 to 12 in head, 2 in snout, 3 to 4 in interorbital width; upper lip separated by a crease from the skin of the forehead; lower jaw scarcely projecting; edge of lower lip with pores, and small dermal flaps and fringes; maxillary extending somewhat beyond eye; anterior nostrils with small flaps. Lower jaw with a series of close-set, even, conical teeth, besides 2 divergent canines in front; upper jaw with similar teeth in several series in front, the canines smaller and closer together. Pectorals inserted high, little longer than eye; insertion of dorsal slightly in front of anal, a little in front of mid- dle of body; rays of vertical fins low and weak, those of caudal most developed; dorsal and anal joined to caudal; vent close in front of anal, Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2455 which is similar to dorsal. Flesh colored, with much mottling of purplish in fine pattern; belly nearly plain; caudal reddish-edged. Length 6 inches. Straits of Juan de Fuca; burrowing among rocks near tide mark. The 2 original types came from the shore of Waadda Island, near Cape Flattery, where the species lives in wet shingle and shows extraor- dinary activity in hiding amoung rocks when disturbed. In the same locality 25 additional specimens have been dug out of the gravel by Mr. E. C. Starks in 1895. The species is still unknown from any other locality. (tEepdady, the wary one, the fox.) Scytalina cerdale, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 111, 1880, 266, Waadda Island (Type No. 27400. Coll. Jordan & Gilbert); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 791, 1883; JORDAN & STARKS, Fishes of Puget Sound, in Proc. Cal, Ac. Sci. 1895, 849, pl. 104. Family CCVI. ZOARCID. (THE EEL-POUTS.) Body elongate, more or less eel-shaped, naked or covered with very small, embedded, cycloid scales; head large; mouth large, with conical teeth in jaws, and sometimes on vomer and palatines; bones of head unarmed. Gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus, the gill open- ing reduced to a vertical slit; pseudobranchie present; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth. Dorsal and anal fins very long, of soft rays only, or the dorsal with a few spines in its posterior portion; vertical fins some- times confluent around the tail; pectorals small; ventrals jugular, very small or wanting, if present, inserted behind the eye. Lateral line obsolete or little developed, sometimes bent downward behind pectorals, sometimes sending a branch on median line backward. Gill rakers small; pyloric cecarudimentary; ventnotnear head. Pseudobranchiz present. Genera about 15; species 50. Bottom fishes, chiefly of the Arctic and Antarctic seas; some of them, at least, are viviparous, and some descend to consid- erable depths. Dr. Gill thus enumerates the skeletal characters of the Zoarcide: Orbito-rostral portion of the cranium contracted and shorter than the posterior, the cranial cavity open in front, but bounded laterally by the expansion of the annectant parasphenoid and frontals, with the supra- occipital declivous and tectiform behind, the occipitals above inclined forward along the sides of the supraoccipital, and the exoccipital condyles distant, with the hypercoracoid foraminate about its center and the hypo- coracoid with an inferior process convergent to the proscapula. These characters are formulated from the skeleton of Zoarces anguillaris. (Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1884, 179.) Zoarchidw,* Swainson, Nat. Hist. Class. Fishes, 11, 82, 184, and 283, 1839. Lycodidw, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 319- 326, 1862; genus Zoarces, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 295. 1861. ZOARCIN A: I. Dorsal fin low behind, some of its posterior rays short and spine-like; ventrals small; scales present; teeth strong, conic, in jaws only; lateral line present, along middle of side. ZOARCES, 931. II. Dorsal fin continuous, of soft rays only. * The name Zoarchide or Zoarcide@ is prior to that of Lycodide. 2456 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. LycoDINz: a. Ventral fins present. b. Vomer without teeth; body scaly. c. Palatines without teeth. d. Body very slender, the depth 12 to 16 times in length; lateral line short and faint, ventral in position. EMBRYX, 932. dd. Body rather robust, the depth 8 to 9 in length; lateral line rather faint, lateral in position. Lycopopsis, 933. cc. Palatines with teeth; lateral line distinct, running along middle of side. APRODON, 934. bb. Vomer and palatines with teeth. e. Lower jaw without barbels. Jf. Dorsal fin without sculptured scutes at base. g. Body rather deep, the depth 6 to 8 times in the length. h. Body more or less scaly. Lycoves, 935. hh. Body entirely naked, or with a few scales on tail only; none on body or fins. LYCODALEPIS, 936. gg. Body more slender, the depth 12 to 20 in the length; lateral line lateral in position. i. Pectoral fin with rounded outlines, the lower rays not greatly produced. LYCENCHELYS, 937. ii. Pectoral fin deeply notched, the lower rays much pro- duced; lateral line ventral in position. : FURCIMANUS, 938. Jf. Dorsal fin with the rays each provided with a sculptured scute or appendage at base; no lateral line; body elongate. Lycoponvs, 939. ee. Lower jaw with many barbels: body slender, scaly. LyconeMa, 940. aa. Ventral fins entirely wanting. GYMNELINZE: j. Teeth moderate, nearly uniform, on jaws, vomer, and palatines. k. Body scaly; vomer and palatines with teeth; body compressed, not very slender; skull cavernous. BoTHROCARA, 941. kk. Body scaleless. 1. Lower jaw not very prominent; body very slender; gill openings very narrow. GYMNELIS, 942. ll. Lower jaw very prominent; body slender, tapering behind; scales undescribed. LYcocARA, 943. MELANOSTIGMATINZ : jj- Teeth long, unequal, on jaws, vomer, and palatines; skin lax; gill openings reduced to a small foramen; body very slender; scales obsolete. MELANOSTIGMA, 944. 931. ZOARCES, Gill. (EEL-POUTs.) Enchelyopus, KLEIN, Ichthyologia Missus, Iv, 52, 1747; not as restricted by BLocu & SCHNEIDER. Zoarces, CUVIER, Régne Animal, Ed. 2, 11, 240, 1829 (viviparus). Zoarchus, SWAINSON, Nat. Hist. Class’n Fishes, 01, 283, 1839 (viviparus). Enchelyopus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 258 (viviparus); not of BLOocH & SCHNEIDER. Macrozoarces, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1863, 258 (anguillaris). Body elongate, compressed, tapering posteriorly; head oblong, heavy, narrowed above, the profile decurved; mouth large; teeth strong, conic, bluntish, in 2 series in the front of each jaw and 1 series on the sides; _ Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2457 teeth in outer series larger; no teeth on vomer or palatines; dorsal fin very long, low, some of its posterior rays much lower than the others, developed as sharp spines; pectoral fins broad; ventrals jugular, of 3 or 4 soft rays; scales small, not imbricated, embedded in the skin; lateral line slender, lateral in position; size large; species viviparous. The Ameri- can and Asiatic species (subgenus Macrozoarces) differ from the European type of Zoarces, Cuvier, in the increased number of fin rays and vertebra. In Zoarces viviparus (Linneus), the European eelpout, the dorsal rays are about 100, the anal about 85, and the number of vertebrx is propor- tionally diminished. (€w@apx1s>, viviparous. ) Subgenus MACROZOARCES, Gill. 2812. ZOARCES ANGUILLARIS* (Peck). (EEL-Pout; Murton-FisH; MOTHER OF EELs.) Head 6; depth 7. D.95, XVIII, 17; A.105. Mouth moderate, lower jaw included; maxillary reaching beyond orbit; pectoral long, about } length of head; ventrals } head; highest ray of dorsal about equal to snout, the posterior spines about } length of eye; first ray of dorsal above preopercle. Reddish brown, mottled with olive, the scales paler than the skin about them; dorsal fin marked with darker; a dark streak from eye across cheek and opercles. Length 20 inches. Delaware to Labrador; rather common north of Cape Cod. Two forms occur, distinguished by the size of the jaws. These have been regarded as distinct species, but the large- mouthed form (ciliatus; labrosus) is doubtless the male, as a similar varia- tion occurs in Lycodopsis pacificus, and exists in some degree in species of Lycodes. (anguillaris, eel-like. ) ? Encheliopus, GRONOW, Zoophyl., 77, No. 266, 1763, America (unicolor); dorsal and anal united with the caudal. ? Blennius americanus, BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 171, 1801, America; after Gronow. Blennius anguillaris, PECK, Mem. Amer. Ac. Sci., 1, 1804,46, New Hampshire. Blennius fimbriatus, Mircui.1, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y. 1815, 374, pl. 1, fig.6, New York. Blennius ciliatus, MITcHILL, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc, N.Y. 1815, 374, pl. 1, fig. 7, New York. Zoarces labrosus, CUVIER, Régne Anim., Ed. 11, vol. 2, 240, 1829, America; CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 466, 1836. - Zoarces gronovii, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 469, 1836; after Gronow. ? Enchelyopus americanus, GRONOW, Cat. Fishes, Ed. Gray, 101, 1854, American Ocean. Zoarces fimbriatus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 468, 1836. Blennius labrosus, M1ircHILh, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y. 1815, 375. Zoarces anguillaris, STORER, Fishes Mass., 66, 1839; StorER, Synopsis Fishes N. A., 375, 1845; GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 296, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 784, 1883. * Allied to Zoarces anguillaris is the following species from the Ochotsk Sea: ZOARCES ELONGATUS, Kner. Head 53; depth 114. D. 80, XII, 22. A. 90 ormore. Lateral line extending somewhat beyond pectorals. Color brownish, no brown streak behind eye; dorsal with 12 to l4diarge dark spots which extend on the back as faint bands, between which are smaller ones. Known from 1 specimen, 104 inches long, from Decastris Bay, near the mouth of the Amur. (Kner). (elongatus, elongate.) Zoarces elongatus, KNER, Sitzber. k. k. Akad. Wien 1868, 52, taf. 7, f. 2, Ochotsk Sea. (No. 1502, Wien Mus.) 3030——-77 2458 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 932. EMBRYX, Jordan & Evermann. Embryx, JORDAN & EVERMANN, new genus (crotalinus). This genus differs from Lycodopsis in the very slender body, the depth being 12 to 16 times in the length, and especially in the ventral position of the lateral line which is faint and incomplete, only the anterior descend- ing portion developed. Deep seas. (év, in; Bpvé, abyss.) a. Ventrals nearly as long as eye; head 63 in length; no scales on head. CRASSILABRIS, 2813. aa. Ventrals shorter than pupil; head 5} in length; head with some scales. CROTALINUS, 2814. 2813. EMBRYX CRASSILABRIS (Gilbert). Head 6%; depth 16; maxillary reaching vertical from front of pupil, 3 in head; exposed portion of eye 6; snout 4; width of snout 3. Body exceedingly slender. Occiput flat, forming a right angle with the descend- ing cheeks, the snout short and wide, the upper lip conspicuously thick- ened and fleshy on the sides. Upper jaw with a single series of rather large, distant teeth; mandible with a broad patch of cardiform teeth ante- riorly, which becomes abruptly constricted on middle of lateral portion of jaw, the inner series alone continued backward toward angle. Palate smooth. Head not conspicuously excavated with mucous canals; series of pores present on mandible and sides of head. Gill openings continued forward to below pectorals, and about to vertical from middle of opercle; the width of the isthmus } the length of slit. Opercular flap with a wide membranaceous border, produced backward and largely covering base of pectorals. Gillrakers very little developed, about 12 movable rudiments on horizontal limb of arch. Origin of dorsal in front of middle of pectorals, slightly farther from occiput than is the latter from front of eye; distance from origin of anal to tip of snout 34 in total length; ventrals nearly as long as eye, inserted under middle of opercle; pectorals with 14 or 15 rays, the upper portion of fin longest, the lower rays rapidly shortened, the longest rays $ as long as head. Scales small, circular, covering nape, breast, and under side of pectorals, but absent on head. Lateral line single, inconspicuous, running below middle of sides, ventral in position, the pores not developed on the scales. Color light brownish above, dark below; lower side of head, margins of snout, gill membranes, part of opercles, and margins of vertical fins jet black; ventrals and posterior face of pectorals black; anterior face of pectorals light glaucous blue, margined with black; lining of mouth and gill cavity and peritoneum black. Pacific coast of southern California. A single specimen, 12 inches long, from Albatross Station 2839. (Gilbert.) (erassus, thick; labrum, lip.) Lycodopsis crassilabris, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 106, off southern California. (Type, No. 44280. Coll. Albatross.) 2814. EMBRYX CROTALINUS (Gilbert). Head 54; depth 12; maxillary reaching to behind middle ef pupil, 2? in head; eye 6; interorbital width 14; snout 4. Body very slender, with Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2459 much the appearance of Lycenchelys paxillus, the cheeks tumid, much pro- jecting laterally, the greatest width of head more than 4 its length. Snout short and broad, much depressed, the head scarcely constricted opposite orbits. Eyes with little lateral range. In the single type speci- men the upper jaw greatly overlaps the lower, the mandibular band of teeth shutting entirely within those on premaxillaries. Teeth in upper jaw in a single series, 2 or 3 small teeth sometimes present anteriorly, giving traces of an inner series. In lower jaw the teeth are sparsely set in a broad band anteriorly, becoming suddenly contracted to a single series on middle of sides. None of the anterior mandibular teeth enlarged, 2 or 3 of posterior teeth on sides larger and hooked backward. No teeth on vomer or palatines. Nostrilin a short tube. Gill slits wide, reaching to below pectorals, but not extending farther forward below than above. Width of isthmus 4 length of slit. A series of 7 pores along mandible and preopercle; a second series of 7 or 8 extending from snout along sides of head above premaxillaries. Lateral line faint, descending, its position ventral. Dorsal inserted over middle of pectorals, its origi as far from occiput as is the latter from front of pupil; distance of front of anal from snout equals 4 length of body; ventrals shorf, less than length of pupil; pectorals with posterior margin obliquely truncate, the upper rays longest, the lower growing regularly shorter, thickened at tips, the rays 15 or 16, the longest 2% in head. Scales small, embedded, cover- ing body and most of vertical fins. A few very small, scattered scales on nape, posterior part of occiput, and contiguous parts of cheeks and opercles. Lateral line single, indistinct, running obliquely downward to near base of anal, thence backward, not reaching base of caudal fin. Color dark brown, black on opercles, sides of snout, fins, and lower parts generally; a broad light bar across head behind eyes, extending down on cheeks; some light mottling on mandible and gular membrane; lower rays of pectorals margined with whitish; lining of mouth, gill cavity, and peritoneum jet black. North Pacific. Two specimens known; the type above described from Santa Barbara Islands, the second from Albatross Station 3210, south of Saanak Islands, Alaska, depth 483 fathoms. On this Dr. Gilbert has the following notes: “The stomach contained remains of Crustacea. Colors in life, head ard body light brown, the lower parts darker; snout, suborbital region, and a band across pectorals greenish gilt; no light bar on head. Depth 12? in length; head 54; maxillary 2} in head; eye 7, equal to interorbital width. Width of bone between orbits 17in head. Snout3!in head. Teeth above in a narrow band, reaching only about halfway of gape. In the mandi- ble, teeth are absent on posterior ? of gape. The gill slit extends a little farther forward below than above. Ventrals as long as pupil. Longest pectoral ray 2? in head. Head wholly scaled behind eyes. Lateral line not evident.” (crotalinus, from Crotalus, xporados, a rattlesnake.) Lycodopsis crotalinus, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 105, Albatross Station, 2980, off Santa Barbara Islands. (Coll. Albatross.) : 2460 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 933- LYCODOPSIS, Collett. Lycodopsis, COLLETT, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1879, 381 (pacisicus). Leurynnis, LOCKINGTON, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 326 (paweidens). Body moderately elongate, the depth 8 to 9 times in length, covered with small, smooth, embedded scales. Lateral line rather faint, extending along middle of side. Head large; snout broad and long; interorbital space very narrow; mouth large, horizontal; teeth conical, those of the upper jaw in a single row; those of the lower in a band in front, the inner series enlarged, larger than the upper teeth; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Ventral fins very small; vertical fins continuous, without spines. Sexes more or less unlike, the mouth larger in the male. Pacific Ocean. (Lycodes; ovis, appearance. ) 2815. LYCODOPSIS PACIFICUS (Collett). ~ Head 44 (male) to 5} (female); depth 8 (male) to 84 (female). D. 100; A. 85. Female (pacificus), head comparatively short; orbital region not restricted, nor cheeks tumid; mouth ‘comparatively small, the maxillary reaching center of pupil. Male (paucidens}, with the head and mouth large, the snout very broad, the interorbital region constricted; maxillary reaching posterior edge of orbit. Head, nape, and axil of pectoral naked. Dorsal and anal fins enveloped in thick skin, which is covered with em- bedded scales like those on the body; pectoral 4 the length of head in 2 female, ? in male: ventrals } length of orbit; mandible } length of head in female, ? in male; distance from snout to base of dorsal 43 in length in female, 3} in male. Lateral line lateral in portion. Light reddish olive, becoming lighter below; vertical fins margined with black; the scales paler than skin, forming light spots; pectorals dusky. Length 12 to 18 inches. Sau Francisco to Puget Sound; rather common in water of moderate depth offshore. Sexes markedly different. Lycodes pacificus,* COLLETT, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1879, 381, female, Japan. (Coll. Peters) the locality given probably an error. Leurynnis paucidens,| LOCKINGTON, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 326, off San Francisco, Cal- ifornia, male (Type, No. 23502, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. W.N. Lockington); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 785, 1883. Lycodopsis paucidens, GILL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 248. Lycodopsis pacisicus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 785, 1883. 934. APRODON, Gilbert. Aprodon, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 106 (cortezianus). This genus differs from Lycodes only in the dentition, the teeth being present in a single strong series on the palatines, but none on the vomer. *In regard to the type specimen of Lycodes pacificus, Professor Collett writes us as follows (December 2, 1895) : ‘I got the specimen for describing from the Museum of Berlin from the hands of Pro- fessor Peters himself, and he told me that the specimen was from Japan. It] is not impossible that he was mistaken; but I can not have any opinion about that.” In view of the fact that the species is abundant off the California coast, whence Pro- fessor Peters had obtained collections, that it has not been found in Japan nor in Alaska, we have no doubt that the locality given by Professor Peters is erroneous, and that the fish really came from California. + The examination of many specimens leaves no room for doubt that L. pacificus is the female and L. paucidens the male of the same species. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2461 The genus is thus intermediate between Lycodes and Lycodopsis. (a, with- out; zp0, before; ddovs, tooth.) 2816. APRODON CORTEZIANUS, Gilbert. Head 44 to 43; depth 7} to 9 in length; head high and narrow, snout broader, but long and very convex. Mouth large, maxillary reaching ver- tical from middle of orbit, 2} in head; eye 44; snout 3; depth of head 2. Teeth in premaxillaries strong, conical, in a single series; lower jaw with the teeth mainly in 2 series, an outer row of slightly enlarged teeth, and an inner row directed backward, a wide interspace between the two series with occasional scattered teeth only posteriorly; on sides of mandible a single series of teeth similar to those in upper jaw; vomer toothless; palatines with a single series of strong conical teeth. Head without con- spicuous mucous pores; a strong ridge on middle of occiput anteriorly; gill slit wide, continued forward to vertical from preopercle, the width of isthmus 5 times in length of slit; gill rakers short, better developed than usual, 15 on horizontal limb of outér arch. The vertical limb of arches joined to gill cover by a fold of the lining membrane of the latter, as in Macrourus. Pseudobranchie well developed. Origin of dorsal but little behind base of pectorals; the hinder margin of occiput midway between — dorsal and front or middle of eye; distance from snout to origin of anal 23 in total length; ventrals inserted under front of opercles, their length about % of orbit; pectorals very large, broadly rounded, the upper por- tion of fin longest, the lower rays rapidly shortened, the lowermost with broad, fleshy tips; rays 20 or 21 in number; scales of the usual type, those on abdomen so deeply embedded as to be almost invisible; head, anterior half of nape, breast, and base of pectorals naked; pectorals and ventrals not scaled, other fins partly covered; lateral line little developed, running along middle of sides and tail. Color light brownish, lighter below; ver- tical fins broadly margined with black, becoming almost wholly black behind; pectorals light at base, black distally, with a conspicuous white edge; ventrals white; lining of mouth white, of gill cavity dusky; peri- toneum black. Cortez Banks, near San Diego, California. The types, 6 specimens, the longest 15 inches, from Albatross Stations 2925 and 2948, in 339 and 266 fathoms, Dr. Gilbert also records 1 specimen from Albatross Station 3349, off the coast of northern California, depth 239 fathoms. (cortezianus, from Cortez Banks.) Aprodon corteziana, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 107, Cortez Banks, off San Diego. (Type, No. 46457. Coll. Albatross.) 935. LYCODES, Reinhardt. Lycodes, REINHARDT, Kongl. Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Naturv., vil, 1838, 153 (vajili). TIycias, JORDAN & EVERMANN, new subgenus (seminudus). Bedy moderately elongate, more or less eel-shaped, tapering behind, the depth from 6 to 10 times in the length; head oblong; mouth nearly hori- zontal; lower jaw included; conical teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines, those on jaws and palatines mostly in asingle series. Dorsal fin beginning behind base of pectoral, without any spines; the rays all soft and articu- 2462 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, late; pectorals moderate, inserted rather high, its outline rounded; ven- tral fins small, of 3 or 4 rays. Scales small and embedded, present on part or all of the body, the scaly area more extensive in the adult than in the young. Lateral line faint, sometimes obsolete, normally bent downward behind pectorals and following ventral outline, sometimes with an acces- sory branch following middle of side; the median branch usually want- ing. No air bladder; no anal papilla; pyloric exca 2 or none. Species numerous, chiefly of the northern seas, inhabiting considerable depths. In general, the male has the head and mouth larger than the female, and the lips thickened. (Avx@6ys, wolfish.) LYCODES:* I. Trunk more or less completely scaled. a. Dorsal rays about 115; anal rays 90 to 105. b. Head 44 to 5 in length; depth 7 to 8. c. Nape wholly scaly. d. Lateral line double, with a median and a ventral branch; pectoral rays 22; body blackish with yellowish cross bands or series of spots. ; ESMARKII, 2817. dd. Lateral line simple, ventral; body blackish, the young with 6 darker cross bands. VAHLI, 2818. ec. Nape naked; lateral line obsolete; color plain brown, the fins edged with darker, pectoral rays 21; ventrals short. CONCOLOR, 2819. bb. Head 52 in length; depth 9; a naked area around dorsal; pectoral rays 19; lateral line ventral; color brownish mottled, the young barred; a black blotch at front of dorsal. ZOARCHUS, 2820. aa. Dorsal rays 85 to 105; anal rays 68 to 93. e. Head large, 33 to 44 in length; ventrals about as long as eye; depth 8 to 94 in length; body chiefly scaly, the fins naked. f. Body brownish, with a fine network of black lines on head and body, those on body in 5 groups; dorsal edged with black; lateral line prob- ably developed anteriorly only, figured as median; pectorals broad, of about 23 rays. RETICULATUS, 2821. ff. Body not covered with a network of black lines. g. Color pale, with dark bands and 2 ocellated spots on the forehead ; pectoral rays about 17; lateral line figured as lateral. . PERSPICILLUM, 2822. gg. Color grayish, without bands or spots; pectoral rays about 20; lateral line single, ventral. FRIGIDUS, 2823. ee. Head short, 5 to 54 in length. h. Pectoral broad, of 23 or 24 rays; lateral line single, ventral; color plain. TERRZ-NOV, 2824. hh. Pectorals narrow, of about 18 rays; ventral fins shorter than eye; lateral line obsolete, or nearly so. i. Dorsal rays 101 to 105; anal rays 81 to 90; dorsal and anal with- out dark markings; ventrals more than 3 length of eye; jaws with enlarged flaps of skin. j. Body in adult not barred, but with 4 dark longitudinal stripes. DIGITATUS, 2825. jj. Body with 14 to 16 pale crossbars above, which disappeal in the adult. PALEARIS, 2826. ii. Dorsal rays 85; anal 74; ventrals minute, not 4 length of eye; flaps of jaws narrow or obsolete. BREVIPES, 2827. * The analytical key to the species here given is far from satisfactory. The species should be divided into groups distinguished by the development of the lateral line and the breadth of the pectoral; unfortunately the last-named character has been neglected in most of the current descriptions; we have examined all the species accessible to us. Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2463 LYCIAS (AvKos, wolf) : Il. Trunk naked anteriorly, scaled only on the tail or posterior half. k. Dorsal fin sealed posteriorly; color brown, with faint yellow transverse bands on back. NEBULOSUS, 2828. kk. Dorsal fin naked; color uniform pale grayish brown without spots or bands; pectoral rays 21; lateral line single, median. SEMINUDUS, 2829. Subgenus LYCODES. 2817. LYCODES ESMARKII, Collett. Head 44; depth 8. D.110 to 116; P.22; A.95; V.4. Body behind front of dorsal scaled; vertical fins scaly; nape scaly; snout obtuse; maxillary not more than } head; lateral line indistinct, divided, having a median branch besides the ventral series of pores, the median series faint, soon obsolete; pectorals 8 in length; vertebrie 25+ 87. Brownish black, with a whitish-yellow patch on the nape, and 5 to 8 transverse bands of the same color across the dorsal and posteriorly across the anal, these bands becom- ing broken into annular spots with age. North Atlantic; recorded from Finmark and Spitzbergen. American specimens from the Gulf Stream in about lat. 40°. (Collett.) (Named for Professor Lauritz Esmark, of Copenhagen. ) Lycodes esmarkii, COLLETT, Norges Fiske, 95, 1874, Varanger Fjord, Finmark (Coll. Lens- mand Klerk and Prof. Esmark); CoLLeTtT, Norske Nord-Havs Exp., Fiske, 84, pl. 3, fig. 22, 1880. Lycodes vahli, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 209, not of REINHARDT; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 786, 1883; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 303, 1896, 2818. LYCODES VAHLII, Reinhardt. Head 44; depth 8. D.116; A.93; V.4. Head nearly twice as long as high; snout long, maxillary reaching to opposite middle of eye; dis- tance of vent from ventrals nearly equal to length of head; ventral fins less than } as long as pectorals; vertical fins scaly; body wholly scaly; lateral line distinct, ventral in position; vertebrie 25 +87. Brownish yel- low, with 6 blackish cross bands extending on the dorsal fin and confluent on the belly, the first cross band on and below the anterior dorsal rays, the second above the vent; adults nearly uniform blackish. Coast of Green- land. (Giinther.) (Named for Martin Vahl, an early Danish naturalist.) Lycodes vahlii, REINHARDT, Kon. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Nat. Math. Afh., vu, 1838, 153, tab. v, Greenland ; GILL, Cat. Fishes East Coast N. A., 46,1861; GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 319, 1862; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 786, 1883; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 303, 1896. 2819. LYCODES CONCOLOR, Gill & Townsend. Head 5 in total; depth about 74; eye 7% in head; snout 3; ventral fin 2 in eye; pectoral 2 in head. D. 118; A.98; P. 21. Body rather elongate, covered with very small, entirely separated embedded scales which become more distinct anteriorly and extend in advance of the dorsal fin and scap- ular region, as well as on the vertical fins; lateral line obsolete; pectorals with scattered scales on external and internal surfaces near base; aspecial- ized area of smaller scales behind base of pectoral and a naked area around 2464 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. upper axilla of pectoral; head moderate, entirely naked; nape naked. Upper teeth in a cardiform band in front, thinning out behind. Lips rather thin. Color nearly uniform, only relieved by the apparently lighter hue of the scales and the somewhat darker margins of the fins; the scales paler than the ground color, which is thus covered with whitish or silvery specks. Bering Sea. Only the type known, its length 22 inches, from which we have taken the above description. (concolor, uniformly col- ored. ) Lycodes concolor, GILL & TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 233, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 19/ N., long. 168° 11 W., Albatross Station 3608, (Aug. 12, 1895), in 276fathoms. (Type, No. 48764, U.S. Nat.Mus. Coll. Albatross.) 2820. LYCODES ZOARCHUS, Goode & Bean. Head nearly 5} in total length; depth 9; eye 4 in head=snout. D. 116; A. 102; P. 19. Body covered with conspicuous embedded scales which extend behind the dorsal and anal, leaving only a narrow naked margin around these fins; head and pectorals naked. A lateral line begins slightly above the upper angle of the gill opening, rapidly curving downward and extending along the lower part of the body not far from base of anal fin; it can be traced above the anterior 3 of the anal. Interorbital distance, measured on the bone, 4 in eye; nostrils placed close to upper lip and as far from each other as from the eye; maxillary reaching to vertical through middle of eye; upper jaw 24 in head; mandible nearly } head; mandible with a conspicuous flap on each side, about as long as eye, beginning at a distance from the symphysis equal to } length of eye; inner edge of man- dible also with a slightly elevated ridge of skin. Length of intermaxillary series of teeth equal to } length of head; length of palatine series nearly equal to that of intermaxillary; vomerines in a round patch; mandibular teeth in 3 series; width of gill opening ? length of head; ventrals in front of base of pectorals, their length 8in head. Distance between lower angles of gill opening nearly + length of head; origin of dorsal distant from the head a space equal to } length of head, slightly behind middle of pectoral; pectoral, when extended, reaching to about vertical from sixth dorsal ray; longest ray of dorsal about + length of head; anal origin under seven- teenth ray of dorsal; vent under fifteenth ray of dorsal; longest pectoral ray contained about 9} times in total length. Lateral line distinct, ven- tral in position, the median pores absent. Color grayish brown, lighter on the belly and under surface of the head; sides irregularly mottled with darker, a narrow dark edge at tip of first 4 dorsal rays. In a young exam- ple (No. 39299, U. S. Nat. Mus.) the mottlings on the sides are band-like, the bands not extending below the middle of the body entirely. This example is from lat. 44° 26’ N., long. 57° 11/ 15’ W., 190 fathoms. The type of the description is a specimen 366 mm. long, obtained by the Albatross in lat, 44° 46’ 30’ N., 130 fathoms, off Nova Scotia. (Zoarchus, a synonym of Zoarces; from Cwapxns, viviparous. ) Lycodes zoarchus, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 308, 1896, off Nova Scotia, in 130 fathoms. (Type, No. 39298. Coll. Albatross.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2465 2821. LYCODES RETICULATUS, Reinhardt. Head 4; depth about 8. D.94; A.75; V.4. Body entirely scaly; lateral line faint, developed anteriorly (fide Giinther’s plate), probably becoming ventral; vertical fins naked. Head twice as long as high; snout long; maxillary extending to behind middle of eye; distance from vent to ven- trals more than length of head; ceca 2. Brownish, with reticulated black lines on the head and body, those on the body disposed in 5 groups or eross bands, the 3 anterior of which emit 1 or 2 vertical streaks on the dorsal fin; dorsal dark edged. Length 14 inches. North Atlantic, from Greenland south to Narragansett Bay, in 17 to 140 fathoms; abundant also in northern Europe. (Eu.) (reticulatus, netted.) Tycodes reticulatus, REINHARDT, Kong. Dansk. Vid. Afh., VII, 1838, 167, Greenland ; GUn- THER, Cat., IV, 320; GILL, lL. c., 260; COLLETT, Nord-Havs Exp., 84; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 787, 1883; GooDE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 305, 1896. Lycodes rossi, MALMGREN, Om Spetsbergen Fiskfauna, 516, 1864, Spitzbergen. Lycodes gracilis, SARS, Christ. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1866, Drobak. 2822. LYCODES PERSPICILLUM, Kriyer. This species is distinguished by a light body color and dark bands, also 2 ocellated spots on the forehead, which have suggested the specific name. Still further separated from the previously known species of Lycodes by the smaller number of fin rays, larger eye, etc. (Kréyer.) Greenland and southward in deep water. Specimens were obtained by the Albatross from Station 2491, in 45° 24’ 30’ N. lat., 58° 35’ 15’ W. long., at a depth of 59 fathoms, and from Station 2456, in 47° 29’ N. lat., 52° 18’ W. long., at a depth of 86 fathoms. The following is the substance of Dr. Giinther’s description: Head 4 in total length; depth nearly 8. Head not quite twice as long as high; snout long; upper maxillary extending to below middle of eye. Distance of vent from ventrals nearly equal to length of head. Yellowish, with 9 or 10 brownish cross bands, edged with dark brown, and broader than the interspaces, the first occupying the upper parts of the head and inclosing a pair of roundish, yellowish spots situated behind the level of the eyes; the second cross band is on and before the anterior dorsal rays. (In the figure of Goode & Bean the lateral line is represented as median, which is probably not correct.) (perspicillum, eyebrow, from the spot above the eye.) Lycodes perspicillum, KrOYER, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Afhandl., x1, 1845, 233, Greenland; GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 320, 1862; GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 260. 2823. LYCODES FRIGIDUS, Collett. Head 4 to 44 in total length; depth 6} (to 94, yonng). D.93 to 98 (includ- ing } of the caudal, 99 to 104); A. 80 to 85 (including 4 of the caudal 86 to 90); P. 20 to 21; V.3. Head wide and flat. Scales with very conspicuous mucous cavities below, small, covering the entire body, but not the head, nor the base of the dorsal and anal fins. In the young the middle of the belly, the base of the fins, and the fins themselves are usually naked. 2466 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Teeth present on intermaxillary, mandible, palatines, and vomer; lateral line low, extending from upper end of gill opening in a curved direction down toward vent from which it runs close along anal to end of tail. (Goode & Bean.) Pectoral fin obliquely truncate at tip, appearing fureate when notspread open. North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, from Spitzbergen south to the New England coast, where many specimens were taken in 516 to 1,423 fathoms. (Eu.) One of Collett’s specimens from Hammerfest, examined by us.) (frigidus, frozen.) Lycodes frigidus, COLLETT, Forh. Selsk. Christ. 1878, Nos. 14 and 15, Beeren Island and Spitzbergen; CoLLeTT, Norske Nord-Havs Exp., 96, pl. 3, f. 23, 24, 1880; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 305, 1896. 2824. LYCODES TERRE-NOVE, Collett. Head 5 to5}; depth 8to 11. D.106 to 108; A.89to0 93; P.230r24. Body slender, head small; pectorals broad; maxillary reaching to middle of eye; band of palatine teeth very short, scarcely 4 length of maxillary band; body entirely scaly, head naked; lateral line ventral, extending along edge of belly, the median branch wanting; vent before middle of body. Color lost in type, the only specimen known. Banks of New- foundland, in 155 fathoms. (Collett.) (terra, land; novus, new, from Newfoundland. ) Lycodes terre-nove, COLLETT, Campagnes Scientifiques, L’Hirondelle, x, 1896, 54, Bank of Newfoundland, Hirondelle Station 162, in 155 fathoms. (Coll. Albert, Prince of Monaco.) 2825. LYCODES DIGITATUS, Gill & Townsend. Head 5 in total; depth about 84; eye 64 in head; snout 3; ventral fin 1? in eye; pectoral 1,,in head. D.101; A.81; P.18. Body moderately elon- gate; covered with small, entirely separated embedded scales, which become nearer anteriorly and extend in advance of the dorsal fin as well as on the vertical fins; no specialized area of smaller scales behind base of pectorals; pectorals scaleless; head moderate, entirely naked; nape naked; upper jaw with outer row of close-set teeth, broader in front; teeth on vomer and palatines; lips rather thick. Color in alcohol, brownish yellow, suffused with reddish in front, variegated, darker anteriorly, with 4 dark longitudinal stripes most distinct about middle of body, fading out backward; fins light and without dark margins; head dark above and laterally light below. Bering Sea. Only the type known, from which we have taken this description, its length 18 inches; possibly the adult of L. palearis, but the pectoral fins are shorter than in the latter. (digitatus, fingered. ) Lycodes digitatus, GILL & TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 232, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 14’ N., long. 164° 8’ W., at Albatross Station 3541,in 49 fathoms. (Type, No. 48765, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) 2826. LYCODES PALEARIS, Gilbert. Head 5} in length; depth 9} to 11 in length, 2} in head; eye 5 to 6 in head, 14 to 2 in snout. Dorsal with about 105 rays, counted to middle of caudal; anal about 90; pectoral 18; ventrals 1} to 14 in eye, twice as long Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2467 as in L. brevipes; pectorals 14 in head. Head naked; nape more or less naked, the scaleless area variable in extent, sometimes confined to its ante- - rior third, sometimes reaching nearly to front of dorsal; body sparsely covered with embedded scales; axil naked; lateral line short, decurved, extending scarcely beyond middle of pectorals. Anal origin under eight- eenth dorsal ray. Teeth present in jaws, vomer and palatines, those in premaxillaries laterally in a single series which widens anteriorly into a rather broad patch, the outer teeth somewhat enlarged, especially in front; all the premaxillary teeth shut outside on the mandibular series which are opposed to those on vomer and palatines; mandibular teeth arranged similarly to those in upper jaw, the lateral series somewhat enlarged, continuous with the inner edge of the symphyséal patch; vomerine teeth bluntly conic, 3 or 4 in number; palatines in a single series. Snout long, prominent, the upper jaw projecting beyond the lower for a distance equaling % of orbit; upper lip thin, much expanded laterally, continuous posteriorly with the lower lip which forms a wide free membranaceous lobe opposite middle of each mandible; anteriorly the lower lip becomes abruptly contracted and adnate to the jaw, leaving the symphyseal por- tion without free margin; inner edge of mandible with wide membra- naceous borders, which increase in width anteriorly where they terminate in a pair of acutely pointed free flaps; these and the membranaceous mar- gins very conspicuous in both young and old individuals. In L. brevipes they are very inconspicuous, becoming evident in adults only. General color brownish olive, growing lighter on the lower parts; dorsal with 14 to 16 white vertical bars, extending in young examples across back and sides and onto anal fin, in adults confined to the fins, and frequently indistinct or wanting; anterior dorsal angle frequently black, separated from remainder of fin by a curved white bar; dorsal and anal not black mar- gined as in L. brevipes; in the latter, the white lateral bars are 9 to 12 in number, and are usually confined to upper half of body; there is also no black spot on anterior dorsal rays. This species is very close to L. brevipes Bean, differing constantly in the longer ventrals, the greater development of mandibular and labial folds, the more numerous white bars, and the smaller eye. Bering Sea. Three specimens, 113 to 166 mm. long, from Albatross Stations 3253 and 3254, in Bristol Bay, in 36 and 46 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (palew, the wattles of a cock.) Lycodes palearis, GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 454, Bristol Bay, Alaska. (Coll. Albatross.) 2827. LYCODES BREVIPES, Bean. Head 5 in total length; depth 10. D. 85 to middle of caudal; A. 74; P. 21. Body covered with scales except immediately behind pectoral fins; head naked; dorsal and anal fins minutely scaled; diameter of eye equals the length of the snout, 4 in head; dorsal origin nearly over middle of pectoral; anal origin under eighteenth ray of dorsal; ventrals minute, scarcely more than 4 diameter of eye; pectorals 9 in length of the body; lateral line single, very faint, ventral in position, abruptly decurved and becoming obsolete over about the tenth anal ray. A narrow light band 2468 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. across the nape and from 9 to 11 across the back extending downward about to median line and becoming obscure in adults; dorsal and anal each with a narrow dark margin. (Bean.) Aleutian Islands to Kadiak; abundant; taken by us in large numbers off Karluk in 1897. (brevis, short; pes, foot.) Lycodes brevipes, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 38, between Unga and Nagai islands, at Albatross Station 2848, in 110 fathoms. (Type, No. 45362. Coll. Albatross.) Subgenus LYCIAS, Jordan & Evermann. 2828, LYCODES NEBULOSUS, Kroyer. D. 87; A. 68; P. 19; V.3. Body naked anteriorly, the posterior part of dorsal fin scaly; the anal naked or nearly so. Brown, with small, faint, yellow, transverse bands across the back. Greenland. (Kréyer.) An imperfectly described species, not recognized by any recent writer. This species and the next should perhaps be placed in Lycodalepis. (nebu- losus, clouded. ) Iycodes nebulosus, KROYER, Kong. Dan. Vidensk. Sel. 1844, 140, Greenland; GILL, Proce. Ac, Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 261; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 787, 1883. 2829. LYCODES SEMINUDUS, Reinhardt. Head 3}; depth 7. D.91; A. 74; P. 21. Body naked in front of vent, scaly behind; fins naked. Head large. Distance of ventrals from vent somewhat more than length of head; ceca2. Color uniform pale grayish brown, without spots or bands. North Atlantic, from Greenland to Spitz- bergen; rare. (Collett.) (semi-, half; nudus, naked.) Lycodes seminudus, REINHARDT, Kong. Dansk. Selsk., etc., 1838, 221, Omenak, Greenland; GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 320, 1862; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 787, 1883; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 307, 1896. 936. LYCODALEPIS, Bleeker. Lycodalepis, BLEEKER, Verl. Akad. Amst., Ed. 2, viii, 1874, 369 (mucosus). This genus differs from Lycodes in the absence of scales on trunk and fins; scattered scales sometimes present on the tail only. (Avx@dys, Lycodes; GAemis, without scales. ) a. Color brownish, with many cross bands and streaks of cream color; head 4} in length; depth 8; lateral line obsolete; tail sometimes with a few scales. POLARIS, 2830. aa. Color blackish, with about 5 narrow pale cross bars on back; head 34 in length; depth 8; lateral line double, a median and a ventral series of pores being faintly developed. : MUCOSUS, 2831. 2830. LYCODALEPIS POLARIS (Sabine). Head 41; depth 8. D. 85; A. 67; P. 18; V.3; Br.6. Head depressed, its greatest width 3 of its length; distance from tip of snout to nape nearly equaling greatest width of head, 6 in length; upper jaw 1? to 2 in head, extending to vertical of hind margin of orbit, larger in male than in the female; a full series of teeth on premaxilliaries, and in front of these a few smaller teeth form an outer imperfect series; a toothless space at symphysis, Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2469 first tooth on each side of this larger than any of the rest; 1 complete series of teeth on mandible, and in front of it, about the symphysis, 2 irregu- lar short series; a few teeth in a cluster on head of yomer; palatines with a short single series; teeth all slender and slightly recurved; long diame- ter of eye 9in head. Pectoral 1/ in head; ventral about as long as eye; longest dorsal ray 33 in head; vent in middle of total length, immediately behind third cross band; longest anal ray 44 in head; scattered scales present on posterior two-thirds of tail in 1 specimen (type of L. coccineus), wholly wanting in the others, typical of L. turneri; no scales on the fins; no trace of lateral line. Color light brown; abdomen grayish brown; lower parts of head cream; a band of cream on the anal from origin of rays to about their middle; a crescentic V-shaped band of same color, mottled with umber, crossing nape and continuing behind pectorals, extending backward to the first cross bar; astreak of cream, more or less interrupted by umber, extending backward from eye across cheek almost to end of operculum; 10 bands of cream color, bordered with dark umber, from tips of dorsal rays extending on lower half of body, becoming wider and somewhat broken below middle of body; a very indistinct caudal tip of cream color. In young examples these markings are very distinct; in older ones they grow progressively more obscure, the oldest having scat- tering blotches of cream color instead of bands, the V-shaped nuchal band persisting longest. The type of Lycodes coccineus 1s described as brown, red below; pectorals reddish brown above, carmine below; 9 bluish-white bands on the dorsal; a few whitish blotches on sides and on head; anal brownish red; head white below; a whitish blotch as large as eye at upper angle of gillopening. Length 18 to20inches. Arctic Ocean, Bering Straits, and adjacent waters south to St. Michaels. Here described from the type of Lycodes coccineus and from a number of specimens from Point Barrow referred to Lycodes turneri. Evidently all belong to the same species, but 1 has a scaly tail while the others are wholly naked. In 2 large examples, supposed to be males, the head is very much depressed, broad and flat, and the maxillary is more than } head. In the others the head is smaller, less flattened, with smaller mouth, the maxillary 2 in head. These are doubtless females and young. The species should probably stand as Lycodalepis polaris. (polaris, polar.) ?Blennius volaris,* SABINE, Parry’s Journal, Voyage 1819-20, Supplement, 212, North Georgia. Lycodes turneri, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 464, St. Michaels, Alaska (Type, No- 21529. Coll. Dr. Lucien M. Turner); TURNER, Contr. Nat. Hist. Alaska, 93, pl. 4, 1886. Lycodes coccineus, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Iv, 1881, 144, Big Diomede Island, Bering Strait (Coll. Dr. Bean. Type, No. 27748, 20 inches long, with scales on the tail) ; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 787, 1883. Blennius (Zoarches?) polaris, RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.Amer., III, 94, 1836. Lycodes polaris, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 321, 1862. Lycodalepis turneri, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 788, 1883; SCOFIELD, in JORDAN & GIL- BERT, Fur Seal Invest., 1898. Lycodalepis polaris, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 788, 1883. * Blennius polaris is thus described: Without any scales; length of the pectoral exceeding twice its breadth, having 15 rays. Yellowish, lighter on the belly, with 11 large saddle-like markings across the back, the middle of these markings being much lighter than their edges; the whole back and the sides marbled. (Sabine.) Coast of North Georgia. 2470 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 2831. LYCODALEPIS MUCOSUS (Richardson). Head 34; depth 8. D. (including 4 of caudal) 90; A.(ineluding 4 of cau- dal) 71; P.18; V.3. Body robust, head very large; snout 3 in head; inter- orbital area 6 in head; nostrils much farther from eyes than from each other, their distance from eyes 44 in head; upper jaw 6} in total length; lower jaw 63; eyes small, close together, their long diameter 11 in the head; distance from tip of snout to base of pectoral fin 3} in total length; pectoral fin 63; length of ventrals equaling long diameter of eye. (Goode & Bean.) Lateral line (in specimens from Cumberland Gulf) very faint, but with both median and ventral branch. Blackish, with irregular white markings in the form of 5 faint and narrow bars across the back. Aretic America. (mucosus, slimy.) Lycodes mucosus, RICHARDSON, Last Arctic Voyage, 362, pl. 26, 1855, Northumberland Sound; BEAN, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 15, 112, 1879; GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthy- ology, 306, 1896. Lycodalepis mucosus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 788, 1883. 937- LYCENCHELYS, Gill. Lycenchelys, GILL, Proc. Ac, Nat. Sci. Phila. 1884, 110 (murena). This genus contains small and very slender species differing from Lyco- des in the elongation of the body, the depth being from 10 to 20 times in the length. The lateral line is single and median in all kpown species. The genus is very close to Lycodes, but the position of the lateral line sufficiently defines it, especially in connection with the slender eel-like form. (Avxos, wolf; éyyedvus, eel.) a. Lower half of pectoral not notably longer than upper; depth 12 to 16 in length. b. Dorsal rays 92; anal 88; color grayish, with irregular brown patches. VERRILLII, 2832. bb. Dorsal rays 118; anal 110; color brown, the head darker. PAXILLUS, 2833. aa. Lower half of pectoral considerably longer than upper; head with large pores; depth 14 times in length; color dusky brown. PORIFER, 2834, 2832. LYCENCHELYS VERRILLII (Goode & Bean). Head 53; depth about 13; eye 2 in snout. D. 92; A. 88; P. 15; V. 5. Body elongate; head much depressed. Distance of vent from ventrals slightly greater than head, its distance from snout about 3 in body; dis- tance of dorsal fin from snout 4} greater than head; distance of anal from snout twice head; dorsal and anal fins about equal in height, with even margins, not differentiated from caudal, the rays increasing some- what in length posteriorly; distance of pectoral from snout about equal to head, twice length of pectoral; pectoral reaching vertical from base of second dorsal ray; distance of ventrals from snout less than head, their length less than } that of pectorals. Head, body, and fins enveloped in tough, lax skin. Seales cycloid, circular, and ovate, with numerous con- centric strie, and about 18 lobes on margin, the whole perimeter being lobed; scales deeply embedded in the skin at distances from each other equal to their own diameters, most numerous on upper part of body and Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2471 extending upon base of dorsal; very few scales upon lower half of body, none on anal fin. Upper jaw far overlapping the lower; gape reaching orbit. A series of 6 large pores on each side, extending backward from nostril toward angle of opercle, the fourth of the series under center of orbit; a similar series, 7 on each side, along line of lower jaw from its symphysis to angle of opercle, all slit-like, the others circular. Nostrils at extremities of fleshy tubes. Teeth in lower jaw in 2 rows, nearly uni- form in size; teeth of upper jaw in a single series, somewhat enlarged near the symphysis; patches of smaller teeth behind; about 7 teeth on vomer; a single row on palatines; all the teeth curved. Gill opening nar- row, the membranes attached to the isthmus. Color, body above lateral line light grayish brown with numerous minute circfllar dots marking the position of the scales; pearly white below lateral line; brown irregular patches upon sides, bisected by lateral line, the lower half color of dorsal, that above darker and with the white dots, these brown patches 7 to 10 in number; a brown spot on tip of tail; abdominal region livid blue. Coast of Massachusetts, in deep water; a dwarf species very small in size. (Named for Prof. Addison E. Verrill of Yale University. ) Lycodes verrillii, GOODE & BEAN, Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, XIv, 1877, 474, off coast of New England in the Gulf Stream; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 786, 1883. Lycenchelyg verrilli, JORDAN, Cat., 124, 1885; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 309, figs. 277 and 277 A, 1896. 2833. LYCENCHELYS PAXILLUS (Goode & Bean). Head 8; depth 16; eye 3} to 4 in head, equal to snout, which is 4 times interorbital width. D. (with 4 of caudal) 118; A.110; P.16; V.3. Body attenuate, head broad, flat above, with declivous profile; cheeks full and protuberant; teeth stout, recurved, and sharply pointed, in a single series in each jaw, except at the symphysis; a few teeth clustered at the head of the vomer; palatines with a single series; the tubular nos- tril much nearer tip of snout than eye. Lateral line median, faint and short (in specimens examined by us). Dorsal beginning over tip of pec- toral; ventral little longer than pupil. Scales very small, present every- where except on head and pectorals, nearly covering vertical fins. Light brown, the head somewhat darker. Gulf stream, lat. 35° to 41° N., in deep water, 263 to 904 fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) (pavillus, a peg.) Lycodes paxillus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 44, between LaHave and Sable Island Banks (Type, No. 22177. Coll. Capt. J. W. Collins), a male in breeding form; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 785, 1883. Lycodes paxilloides, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No.5, 207, 1883, off New- foundland (Type in M. C. Z. Coll. The Blake); a normal, not sexually distorted individual. Lycenchelys paxillus, JORDAN, Cat., 124, 1885; GOoDE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 311, figs. 279 and 282, 1896. 2854. LYCENCHELYS PORIFER (G‘lbert). Head 52; depth 14. Body very slender. Head much contracted oppo- site orbits, the snout expanded, as in Lycodopsis paucidens. Mouth mod- erate, the maxillary reaching vertical from front of pupil, 34 in head; eye 5%; snout 32; interorbital width }eye. Teeth in front of premaxillaries 2472 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. in 2 series, merging into 1 laterally, the outer series anteriorly somewhat enlarged; teeth in front of mandible in a broad band, narrowing laterally to a single series, none of them enlarged; vomer and palatines with single series. Head with 2 series of large and very conspicuous elongate pores, 1 series on mandible and subopercle, the second parallel with it on level of snout. Gill openings wide, extending forward beyond preopercular margin, the width of isthmus less than 4 length of slit. Distance from origin of dorsal to tip of snout 44 in length. Median dorsal rays simply forked near base, those posteriorly in both dorsal and anal repeatedly subdividing. Distance of anal from snout 2) in length; pectorals rounded, the lower half of fin longer than the upper, the rays thickened, the fin containing 15 or 16 rays, its length less than 4 head; ventrals longer and slenderer than usual, each apparently composed of 2 rays closely joined, their length # orbit, inserted unusually far forward, being in advance of preopercular margin. Seales very small, circular, partially embedded, covering body and vertical fins; head, antedorsal region, breast, and a strip connecting the two latter embracing base and axil of pectorals, naked; lateral line median. Color dusky brown, the fins, sides of head, and belly blackish; lining of mouth and gill cavity and peritoneum black. Off Lower California. A single specimen, 12 inches long, from Albatross Station 3009, in 857 fathoms. A transitional species approaching Furcella. (porus, pore; fero, I bear.) Lycodes porifer, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 104, off Lower California, in 857 fath- oms. (Type, No. 44384. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) 938. FURCIMANUS, Jordan & Evermann. Fureimanus, new genus (diapterus); JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 480, 1896 (diapterus) ; preoccupied by Furcella, Lamarck, 1801, a genus of mollusca. This genus differs from Lycenchelys in the forked pectorals, the upper and lower rays being much longer than the middle ones. The lateral line is single and ventral in position (not lateral as in Lycenchelys). (furea, a fork; manus, hand.) 2835. FURCIMANUS DIAPTERA (Gilbert). Head 53 to 6; depth 12; eye large, usually longer than snout, 3 to 3} in head; snout 3} to 3%; interorbital width about 10. Bodyslender. Mouth small, somewhat variable in length, the maxillary reaching vertical from between front and middle of pupil, 24 to3in head. Teeth in premaxillaries in a double row throughout, the 2 series well separated, rarely with 1 or 2 teeth intercalated, showing traces of a third row; the teeth of inner series small and directed obliquely inward; those of outer series anteriorly enlarged, becoming smaller on sides of jaw; on front of mandible the teeth are in a broad band, in which traces of 3 or 4 irregular series can be made out; none of these enlarged; laterally the teeth are arranged in a single series, those opposite middle of cleft considerably enlarged; a small patch of from 2 to 5 teeth on vomer; palatines with a single row much shorter than premaxillary patch, Nostril with a shortinconspicuous tube. Man- dible and preopereular border with deep pit-like excavations, which are not evident in fresh specimens; no evident mucous pores on the head. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2473 Gill openings wide, extending below the base of the pectorals; the gill membranes joined to isthmus for a distance equaling ? length of slit; gill rakers very short, almost tubercular, but compressed and slightly moy- able, about 15 present on anterior limb of outer arch; a wide slit behind fourth gill. Ventrals short, inserted under middle of opercle. Pectorals deeply notched in both young and adults, the median rays much shorter than either upper or lower, the lobe produced by the elongate lower rays varying in length, being sometimes shorter than upper lobe, sometimes longer; the rays of lower lobe are thickened, and undoubtedly serve as a support to the fish when resting on the bottom, as has been observed in so many other forms; the pectorals contain 20 or 21 rays; in the structure of this fin the present species seems to differ from all previously described forms, with the exception of L. esmarkii, in which the notched condition of the fin does not persist in the adults. Scales small, embedded, cover- ing entire body and vertical fins; the scales on nape are much reduced in size, and in 2 specimens (114 and 74 inches long) are continued onto occi- put, which they entirely cover; in another specimen, 9 inches long, the occiput is naked, and in another, 5 inches long, the anterior part of nape is likewise naked; in the latter, as in other specimens, the dorsal and anal are well scaled. Lateral line single, wavy, ventral in position, extending from above gill slit obliquely downward to near base of anal, along which it is continued for a variable distance, notreaching base of caudal. Color dusky brownish, blue-black on belly and along anterior portion of base of anal; 8 or 9 narrow white bars on sides, most conspicuous in the young, in which they are continued up on dorsal fin and become forked below on middle of sides, forming A-shaped marks; in adults these bars become faint or wholly disappear; when present, they are not continued on dor- sal, and are usually vertically divided by a streak of the ground color; in the small specimen there is a distinct black blotch on margin of ante- rior dorsal rays; in adults, the vertical fins are brownish on basal portion, their distal half black; pectorals and ventrals deep blue-black; mouth, gill cavity, and peritoneum dusky or black. Severalspecimens, from Alba- tross Stations 2892, 2896, 3067, and 3077, in depths from 82 to 376 fathoms, off the coasts of California and Oregon. (Gilbert.) A remarkable spe- cies. (67a, divided; 2repor, fin.) Lycodes diapterus, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 564, off the coast of Oregon, in 685 to 877 fathoms. (Type, No. 44385. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) 939. LYCODONUS, Goode & Bean. Lycodonus, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 208, 1883 (mirabilis). Body elongate, formed as in Lycenchelys and Lyciscus; scales small, circular, embedded in the skin; lateral line very short or obsolete; jaws without fringes, lower jaw included; fin rays all articulated, each ray of dorsal and anal supported laterally by a pair of sculptured scutes; caudal distinct, not fully connate with dorsal and anal; ventrals present; gill opening narrow; teethas in Lycodes. Deep water. (Lycodes, with a mean- ingless change of termination.) 3030—-78 2474 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 2836. LYCODONUS MIRABILIS, Goode & Bean. Head 7 in total length; depth about 18. D. about 80; A. about 70; C.9; P.18; V.3; scales as in Lycodes, the scales not extending out upon the fins; no scaleson head and nape. Lateral line apparently obsolete posteriorly ; not extending back of the extremity of the pectoral, its position median ; eye high up, 2} in head, equal to postorbital portion of the head; the width of interorbital space less than diameter of pupil, 34 times in long diameter of eye; nostrils immediately in front of eye; maxillary extending to verti- cal through anterior margin of pupil; mandible, to a little behind vertical through posterior margin of the pupil; dorsal fin inserted slightly behind vertical through base of pectoral (the portion of the fin present in the mutilated specimen before us contains 80 articulated rays; the first 10 or 11 scutes do not support rays, but whether rays were originally present or not can not be ascertained); longest dorsal ray about equal to longest anal ray, its length about 3 in head; distance of vent from snout twice length of head; anal beginning immediately behind vent, of about 70 articulated rays; caudal rays extending beyond tips of ultimate dorsal and anal rays, about 9 in number; distance of ventral from snout equal to twice length of upper jaw; middle ventral ray longest, it being 4 as long as postorbital part of head; length of pectoral equaling 3 times that of snout. Off the New England coast, in depths of 721 to 1,309 fathoms; a most remarkable little fish. (mirabilis, wonderful.) Lycodonus mirabilis, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 208, 1883, New Eng- land Coast, lat. 38° 20’ 8’ N., long. 73° 23’ 20’ W., in 740 fathoms (Type in M. C. Z.); JORDAN, Cat. Fishes, 124, 1885; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 312, 1896. 940. LYCONEMA, Gilbert. Iyconema, GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 471 (barbatum). Generic characters as in Lycodes, but the lower jaw covered with a dense mass of slender filaments or barbels, between which can be seen the mucous pores of the mandible. In Iluocetes, a related genus from the Antarctic, the mandible is provided with a series of hollow tubes, which are doubtless the produced margins of the pores. Alaska. (Avxos, wolf; vywa, thread.) 2837. LYCONEMA BARBATUM, Gilbert. Head 64; depth 114; maxillary 3 in head; eye 3}; snout 44. D. 103; A. 90 (each counted to middle of candal); P. 15, its length 1,% in head; ven- trals very short, } to ? diameter of orbit. A dense fringe of filaments covers the entire under surface of lower jaw, extending to behind angle of mouth; another series laterally on the throat, and a few scattering ones sometimes present on the branchiostegal membranes; upper jaw without barbels. Body slender; upper jaw overlapping the lower; mouth small, maxillary reaching vertical from front of pupil; teeth all conical, none of them much enlarged, those in lower jaw in a patch or irregular double series, narrowing to a single series laterally; in upper jaw, a single series, the teeth of which increase in size toward the middle line, the mid- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2475 dle teeth being almost canine-like; behind the latter, a short inner series of small teeth directed backward; teeth on vomer and palatines in a single series. Gill slits continued forward to slightly beyond bases of ventrals, and to level of lower edge of base of pectorals; width between gill slits } diameter of eye; pseudobranchiz well developed; posterior line of occiput midway between origin of dorsal and front of pupil or front of eye; origin of anal fin at end of first third of length of body; pectorals broad, with the posterior edge emarginate, some of the upper and the lower rays longer than the intermediate ones. Scales showing traces of definite arrangement in series, widely separated anteriorly, becoming crowded toward end of tail, continued up on the vertical fins, but not on head, on anterior half of nape, nor on the pectoral fins; lateral line very faintly shown, and for only a short distance behind head, where its course is obliquely downward; the usual series of mucous pores present, but not conspicuous. In spirits this species has an olive-brown ground color, becoming white on underside of head and on abdomen; a series of 8 or 9 brown spots 4 as large as eye, along middle of sides, those posteriorly continued downward onto base of anal, the last 2 or 3 reaching edge of fin and there developing into intense black blotches; a similar series of smaller spots corresponding in position to those just described occurs along the base of dorsal, these continued as faint bars on the fin, at the margin of which they develop into a black blotch, those posteriorly wider and more intense; an intermediate series of spots alternating with the 2 just described; an elliptical jet-black spot occupies the greater part of caudal fin, and is narrowly margined all around with white; peritoneum jet-black; the mouth and gill cavities white. Coast of Alaska, in rather deep water; known from 12 speci- mens, the longest 6} inches; depth 204 fathoms. (barbatus, bearded.) Lyconema barbatum, GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 471, coast of Alaska, at Albatross Station 3129, lat. 36° 39’ 40’ N., long. 122° or’ W., in 204 fathoms. 941. BOTHROCARA, Bean. Bothrocara, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 38 (mollis). Body elongate, compressed, semitranslucent, covered with small scales; small teeth in jaws and on vomer and palatines; mucous pores about head largely developed. No ventral fins; dorsal and anal joined to caudal. Deep-sea fishes, allied to Lycodes, but lacking ventrals. The species have been referred to the Antarctic genus Maynea, Cunningham. From the latter, however, Bothrocara mollis seems to be distinct, differing in the larger mouth, more cavernous head, and lower dorsal. In some regards B. pusilla is intermediate, and it may belong to Maynea. (090s, cavity; xapa, head.) a. Body elongate, with the head short, 6 in length; depth 9; mouth small; mucous cavi- ties small; color light brown, the dorsal dark-edged. PUSILLA, 2838. aa. Body deeper and more compressed; the large head 4} in length (5$ in young); depth 62; mouth large; mucous cavities large; color uniform brown, the vertical fins dark-edged. Size large. MOLLIs, 2839. 2476 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 2838. BOTHROCARA PUSILLA (Bean). Head 6 in the total length; depth 9. D. 95, including 4 caudal; A. 81, including 4 of caudal; P. 17; eye 3in head; snout’4. Body elongate, little compressed ; head short; mouth small; maxillary extending to below front of pupil; gill clefts narrow, the anterior end below margin of preopercle; width of isthmus rather less than 4 of orbit; the low dorsal beginning nearly over axil of pectoral; pectoral nearly } as long as head; vert as far from end of head as dorsal origin from tip of snout. Color light brown; dorsal and anal with a narrow dark margin. Size small; length 6! inches. Eastern parts of Bering Sea, and about the Alaskan Peninsula, in rather deep water. Besides the original types Dr. Gilbert records a few speci- mens from north of Unalaska, at depths of 121 to 351 fathoms. (pusillus, weak. ) Maynea pusilla, BEAN, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 39, off Nagai Island, lat. 55° 10’ N., lon. 160° 18’ W.,in 110 fathoms (Type, No. 45360. Coll. Albatross); GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1895), 455. 2839. BOTHROCARA MOLLIS, Bean. Head 4} in total length in adult, 54} to 54 in young; depth 63 in adult, 10 in young. D. 100 to 105 to middle of caudal; A. 89 to 95 to middle of caudal; eye4in headin adult, 34in young. Body covered with embedded scales, which extend on dorsal and anal fins. Head naked, breast and nape scaly; snout blunt, the lower jaw included; maxillary reaching middle of pupil, 24 in head; large mucous cavities conspicuous along mandible, suborbital ring, and top of head; vomerine and palatine teeth present, the latter in a narrow band, obscure in the young. Pectoral 2 in head; origin of dorsal slightly behind base of pectoral, its distance from tip of snout 4 in total length; origin of anal under seventeenth dorsal ray ; longest dorsal ray 5 in head; longest anal ray 84} in head. Gill openings wider than in Bothrocara pusilla, the anterior end of the cleft under posterior mar- gin of eye, the width of the isthmus less than + diameter of pupil. Color uniform brown, fins lighter; dorsal and anal margined with black, more prominent posteriorly where it covers the entire fins. North Pacific. Adult examples from southern California, 18 inches long, were described as Maynea brunnea, while a young individual, 54 inches long, from Queen Charlotte Islands, with the vomerine and palatine teeth not evident, was made the type of a distinct genus, as Bothrocara mollis. The two are identical and apparently belong to the same genus as B, pusilla. Similar specimens, | adult and 2 young, were dredged by us (Albatross) off Bogoslof Island in 664 fathoms. Dr. Gilbert records also specimens from near Unalaska, depth 316 fathoms. The teeth on the palatines are in a single series instead of a wide band, as stated in the original description. (mollis, soft. ) Bothrocara mollis, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 38, off Queen Charlotte Islands, in 876 fathoms (Type, No. 45359. Coll. Albatross); JoRDAN & GILBERT, Rept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898. Maynea brunnea, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 39, lat. 33° 8’ N., lon. 118° 40’ W., off San Clemente Island, southern California, in 414 fathoms. (Coll. Albatross.) Jordan and Evermann.— Fishes of North America, 2477 942. GYMNELIS, Reinhardt. Gymnelis, REINHARDT, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Afhandl., vu, 131, 1838 (viride). Cepolophis, KAuPp, in Archiv fur Naturgesch. 1856, 96 (viridis). Body elongate, naked. Vertical fins without spines; ventral fins none. Small conical teeth on the jaws, vomer, and palatines. Gill openings very narrow. Noair bladder; pyloric ceca none; noanal papilla. Size small. Cold seas. Two or3 species known: G. pictus, from the Antarctic, and G. viridis, which ranges widely in Arctic waters, and with which the very dubious G. stigma is probably identical. (yvuv0ds, naked; éyyedvs, eel.) a. Dorsal fin inserted close behind pectoral, its distance from it much less than diam- eter of eye; no ocellus on dorsal fin. VIRIDIS, 2840. aa. Dorsal fin inserted an eye’s diameter behind pectoral; a large black spot, ocellated with white, on dorsal fin above vent; other ocelli sometimes present. STIGMA, 2841. 2840. GYMNELIS VIRIDIS (Fabricius). Head about 64; depth about 13; eye 7in head. D. 100; A. 80. Snout subconical, longer than the eye; jaws equal; mouth oblique; maxillary reaching beyond eye; teeth rather small, conical, in a single series on each side, forming a patch anteriorly; distance from snout to vent 24 times length of head. Pectoral rounded, inserted low, its length less than 4 that of head. Dorsal fin inserted close behind pectoral, its distance from it much less than diameter of eye. Body pale, with faint dark cross shades; dorsal clouded but without black spot; anal dusky. Arctic seas, Alaska to Greenland and Nova Scotia; abundant in the Arctic waters south to Unalaska and Bristol Bay, where specimens were taken in shallow water; our specimens from Bristol Bay. Ensign H. G. Dresel records 1 small specimen (No. 28636, U.S. Nat. Mus.), badly preserved, obtained by Mr. Newton Pratt Scudder in Davis Straits, July, 1879. Length 100 mm. D. ca. 97; A.ca.80. In this specimen the maxillary does not extend to the posterior margin of the eye, which is com- paratively very large. Its diameter is longer than distance from tip of snout to orbit, and is contained 4 times in head. Head 7 in total length; depth 12. Pectoral 2 in head. (viridis, green.) Ophidium viride, FABRicius, Faun. Green., 141, 1780, Greenland. Ophidiwm unernak, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 280, 1800, Greenland; after FABRICIUS. Gymnelis viridis, RICHARDSON, Last Arctic Voyage, 321, pl. 29, 1854. Gymnelis viridis, REINHARDT, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Afh., vu, 1838, 131; GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 323, 1862; KrGyER, Poissons du Nord, Voy. en Scand. et Lap., pl. 15, a-f; COLLETT, Norske Nordh. Exped., Fiske, 123, pl. 4, fig. 32, 1880; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 789; GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 455. ? Gymnelis pictus, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 324, 1862, no locality. 2841. GYMNELIS STIGMA (Lay & Bennett). Head 6; depth 11. D.90; A. 70. Form, size, and general appearance of G. viridis, the dorsal inserted farther back, an eye’s diameter behind pectoral. A large, round black ocellus, ringed with white, on dorsal fin above vent; 2 or 3 other ocelli sometimes present; head and nape with small white spots; body with faint dark shades and bands, Otherwise 2478 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. as in G. viridis, from which it may not be distinct; but the above charac- ters appear in our specimens (from near the Pribilof Islands) and in Rich- ardson’s figure of G. wnimaculatus. The white spots on the head were mistaken for ‘‘very small scales” in the original description of G. stigma from Dr. Collie’s notes. This description is, in substance, as follows: No trace of ventral fins; dorsal, caudal, and anal fins united into a trans- parent ridge; rays of branchial covering distinct; scales very small. Color dilute brown, with void swathes and spots; a purplish spot near beginning of dorsal fin. Snout obtuse; chin with a large gibbosity ; teeth small. Length about 5 inches. (Lay & Bennett.) Arctic regions, Greenland to Bering Sea, with the preceding, and apparently equally common. (6riyja, spot.) Ophidium stigma, LAY & BENNETT, Zool. Beechey’s Voy., 67, pl. 20, fig. 1, 1839, Kotzebue Sound. (Coll. Dr. Collie.) Gymnelis viridis var. unimaculatus, RICHARDSON, Last Arctic Voyage, 367, 1854, Northum- berland Sound. (Coll. Edward Belcher.) Gymnelis stigma, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 325, 1862; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 789, 1883. ~ 943. LYCOCARA, Gill. Uronectes, GiiNTHER, Cat., Iv, 325, 1862 (parrii); name preoccupied in Crustacea. Lycocara, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1884, 180 (parrit). Body ensiform, compressed; tail long and tapering; ventrals none; vent not far distant from the head; numerous minute teeth in jaws and on palate; lower jaw the longer; no barbel; scales and gill openings unknown. One species, very imperfectly known, no specimens having been obtained by any recent collector. (Avxos, wolf; xapa, head.) 2842. LYCOCARA PARRII (Ross). Head 4. D.50; A.45; P.37. Head very obtuse, its length, depth, and breadth equal; head broader than the body, flattened and grooved be- tween the eyes, which are lateral and rather large; lower jaw the longer; jaws and palate with minute teeth; greatest depth of body somewhat more than length of head; neck much arched. Dorsal inserted just behind head; pectoral extending beyond vert. Vent not far distant from head. Coloruniform. Baffins Bay. (Giinther.) (Named for Capt. William Edward Parry, the Arctic explorer.) Ophidium parrii,Ross, Parry's Third Voyage, App., 109, 1826, Baffins Bay. Uronectes parrii, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 326, 1862; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 789, 1883. 944. MELANOSTIGMA, Giinther. Melanostigma, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1881, 21 (gelatinosum). This genus is distinguished from Bothrocara by the much more elongate teeth, which in the jaws, as well as on the vomer and palatines, stand in single series. Gill openings much smaller than in related forms, reduced to a small foramen above the base of the pectoral. Skin loose and moy- able, as in Liparis, enveloping the vertical fins; pectorals very small; az Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2479 ventrals none. Body tapering very rapidly backward; the tail very slen- der. Deep-sea fishes, of soft substance, allied to Bothrocara, but with stronger teeth. (uéAas, black; oriyua, spot.) a. Maxillary reaching beyond front of pupil; color purplish gray, becoming black on the tail. GELATINOSUM, 2843, aa. Maxillary not reaching beyond vertical from front of pupil; color uniform deep black. PAMMELAS, 2844. 2843. MELANOSTIGMA GELATINOSUM, Giinther. Body enveloped in a loose, delicate skin, as in Liparis. Head large, deep, compressed, with obtuse snout. Eye large, 34 in head, and longer than snout. Cleft of mouth rather oblique, but lower jaw not projecting beyond upper; lips not fleshy; gill opening reduced to a very narrow fora- men above base of pectoral fin; origin of dorsal fin and root of pectoral enveloped in loose skin of body; dorsal fin probably commencing above middle of pectoral, low at first, but becoming considerably higher posteri- orly; pectorals very narrow, consisting of a few rays only. Upper parts tinged with a purplish-gray; sides marbled with same color, which toward end of tail becomes more intense, almost black; inside of mouth, gill openings, and vent black. Total length of the type specimen 5} inches; distance of the snout from the gill opening { inches, from the vent 13 inches. (Giinther.) Deep waters of the western Atlantic; originally known from the Straits of Magellan, but since obtained at various locali- ties from Cape Cod to West Indies, in 500 to 1,000 fathoms, The identity of these specimens with the original types from South America may be questionable. (gelatinosus, jelly-like.) Melanostigma gelatinosum, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1881, 21, Tilly Bay, Straits of Magellan, in 24 fathoms (Coll. H. M.S. Alert, Dr. Coppinger); GUNTHER, Chal- lenger Report, XXII, 82,1887; GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 209, 1883; JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N, A., 125, 1885; GoopDE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 314, 1896. 2844. MELANOSTIGMA PAMMELAS, Gilbert. Head 8 in total length; depth 12}; pectoral narrow, its length 2? in head; eye large, 34 in head; snout short and broad. 7 in head. Well dis- tinguished from M. gelatinosum by the wider, blunter head, the smaller, less oblique mouth, the uniform black coloration, and the arrangement of the teeth in the jaws in 2 series. As in M. gelatinosum, the head and body are enveloped in a loose, thin skin, which is thrown into folds in alcoholic specimens, and entirely conceals anterior portion of dorsal and anal fins. On dissection the dorsal is seen to have its origin close behind the head, at a point over middle of pectoral fin; anal beginning imme- diately behind vent, the rays of both fins enveloped in a gelatinous, sub- cutaneous tissue. Head broad, with its greatest width equaling its greatest depth; mouth broad, somewhat oblique, with equal jaws, the maxillary reaching vertical from front of pupil; each jaw with teeth in two distinct series in front, in a single series laterally in lower jaw, the outer teeth in front enlarged, almost canine-like. Gill opening a small pore above base of pectoral, its diameter about 4+ that of eye. Color intense black on head and abdomen, brownish black elsewhere. Length 2480 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. of type 44inches. Coast of southern Alaska. Three other specimens are at hand from Albatross Station 3126 (lat. 36° 49’ 20” N., long. 122° 12’ 30” W.; depth 456 fathoms). In the smallest, 2} inches long, the head and abdomen are jet-black, but the rest of the body is only slightly dusky. (Gilbert.) (was, all; wéAas, black.) Melanostigma pammelas, GILBERT, Rept. U. S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 472, pl. 35, coast of southern Alaska, at Albatross Station 3202, lat. 36° 46’ 10’ N., long. 121° 58! 45” W.., in 382 fathoms. Family CCVII. DEREPODICHTHYID. Deep-sea fishes of slender body, scaleless, and without lateral line, somewhat resembling the Zoarcide,but with each ventral fin reduced to a slender, unbranched filament, the two very closely approximate, and spring- ing from a common projecting base located far forward, below the eye. Gill opening a narrow, vertical slit. Character otherwise given below. A single species known; apparently intermediate between the Zoarcide and the Ophidiide. 945. DEREPODICHTHYS, Gilbert. Derepodichthys, GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1886), 456 (alepidotus). Body slender; no scales; no lateral line; ventral fins reduced each to a slender, unbranched filament, the two very closely approximate, and spring- ing from a common projecting base, which is located far forward below the eye, as Ophidion. Gill opening a narrow, vertical slit, little wider than base of pectorals. Teeth cardiform, curved, few in number, in narrow bands or irregular single series on jaws, vomer, and palatines. (dépy, throat; zovs, foot; 7x4Us, fish.) 2845. DEREPODICHTHYS ALEPIDOTUS, Gilbert. Head 8} in total length; depth of head and body 2} in head; width of head 23 in head; distance from tip of snout to base of ventrals 24in length of head. Distance from tip of snout to front of dorsal5 +in total length, from tip of snout to vent 3} intotal. Head and body very long and slender, the former resembling a Lycodes in appearance, being moderately compressed, with a flattish occiput and a gentle rounded decurved rostral profile. Mouth slightly oblique, quite at lower side of snout; the lower jaw shorter, fitting within the upper; maxillary and premaxillary entirely concealed within the thick skin of the upper lip, which is directly continuous with that of the forehead, the upper jaw being therefore nonprotractile; angle of mouth under front of pupil, its distance from tip of snout 2% in head. Teeth cardiform, curved, few in number, in narrow bands or irreg- ular single series on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Eye small, not filling the elongate orbit, the diameter of exposed portion of eyeball slightly less than ? length of snout, the latter 3} in head. A series of large mucous pores on snout and lower part of cheeks; a second series on mandi- ble; no poreson bouy. Gill slit vertical, not continued forward, its lower end slightly above base of lower pectoral rays; length of slit } length of Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2481 head, slightly less than distance between slits. Pectorals long and slea- der, reaching halfway to vent, 14 in head; dorsal and anal confluent with the caudal, concealed in the thick integument, so that the rays can not be counted. Color in spirits, light brownish, the dorsal and pectorals whit- ish, the anal with a dark margin which becomes black posteriorly; lips dusky; abdominal region blue black. Coast of British Columbia. A single specimen, 43 inches long, dredged off Queen Charlotte Island. (Gilbert.) (GAenxid6wrds, sealeless.) Derepodichthys alepidotus, GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 456, Queen Char- lotte Island, at Albatross Station 3342, in 1,588 fathoms. Family CCVIII. OPHIDIID. (THE Cusk EELS.) Body elongate, compressed, more or less eel-shaped, usually covered with very small scales, which are not imbricated, but placed in oblique series at right angles with each other; head large, lower jaw included; both jaws, and usually vomer and palatines also, with villiform or cardi- form teeth; premaxillaries protractile; gill openings very wide, the gill membranes separate, anteriorly narrowly joined to the isthmus behind the ventrals; pseudobranchiz small. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; vent more or less posterior. Vertical fins low, without spines, confluent around the tail; tail isocereal; ventral fins at the throat, each developed as a long, forked barbel. Air bladder and pyloric ceca present. To this Dr. Gill adds the following characters, shared more or less by related families: ‘‘Orbito-rostral portion of cranium contracted and shorter than the posterior, the cranial cavity closed in part by the expansion and june- tion of the parasphenoid and frontals, the supraoccipital horizontal and cariniform posteriorly, the exoccipitals expanded backward and upward behind the supraoccipital, the exoccipital condyles contiguous, and with the hypercoracoid (scapula, Parker) fenestrate (or foraminate) about its center, and the hypercoracoid with its inferior process divergent from the proscapula.” Genera 7, species about 25. Carnivorous fishes; found in most warm seas, some of them descending to considerable depths, the group especially well represented in tropical America. (Ophidiide, group Ophidiina, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 376-380, 1862.) a. Head scaly, at least above; body covered with scales imbricated in quincunx; snout usually with a spine at tip; opercle with or without spinous tip; air bladder, so far as known, ovate, without posterior foramen. LEPOPHIDIUM, 946. aa. Head scaleless; scales of body rudimentary, scarcely embedded. b. Air bladder oblong-ovate, not contracted behind, and without posterior foramen. c. Opercle ending in a flat point behind, without spine. OPHIDION, 947. ce. Opercle ending behind ina strong spine concealed in the skin. CHILARA, 948. bb. Air bladder short, thick, reniform or orbicular, with a large foramen behind. d. Opercle ending in a flat point, without spine. RIsso.a, 949. dd. - Opercle ending behind in a spine concealed in the skin. OTOPHIDIUM, 950. 2482 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 946. LEPOPHIDIUM, Gill. Leptophidium, GIL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 210 (profundorum); name preoccupied in Serpents by Leptophidium, HALLOWELL, 1860. Lepophidium, GILL, Amer, Nat., Feb., 1895, 16 (profundorum). Body much elongate, moderately compressed, with back and abdominal regions arched, more compressed and slowly decreasing in height back- ward to an abruptly rounded point; scales regularly imbricated in quin- cunx oval, and with strie radiating backward; head with imbricated scales, extending to forehead; snout high, projecting forward, and obtusely rounded, armed above with a short, nearly concealed spine directed forward and somewhat downward, obsolete in 1 species; mouth moderate, oblique; teeth of jaws villiform, immersed in a mucous mem- brane, separated by an interval from the longer ones in the outer row, which are pointed and usually movable; vomer and palatines with teeth. Deep waters of America on both coasts. Perhaps a fuller knowledge of the species of this genus will lead to its subdivision. (Aézos, scale; Ophid- ium, from the squamation.) a. Snout without decurved hook or spine; gill rakers 8; head 5 in length; depth 7; pectorals 10; body marbled, the vertical fins edged with black. MARMORATUM, 2846. aa. Snout with a decurved hook or spine at tip, sometimes more or less concealed in the skin. b. Gill rakers 7 to 9 in number. c. Head large, 32 to 44 in length. d. Body stoutish, the depth 6 in length; scales 125; no black blotch on front of dorsal. EMMELAS, 2847. dd. Body slender, the depth 94 in length; dorsal with a black blotch in front; scales 180. STIGMATISTIUM, 2848. ec. Head moderate, 6 in length; depth 10; vertical fins black-edged. e. Anterior teeth in jaws movable; pectoral 11 in body; body without white spots. PROFUNDORUM, 2849. ee. Anterior teeth in jaws not movable; pectoral 13 to 14 in body; body with whitish spots. CERVINUM, 2850. bb. Gill rakers 4 in number. J. Scales moderate, 175 to 200 in lateral line. g. Body without dark cross bars; dorsal and anal margined with black; air bladder oblong. h. Head 44 in length; depth 8; pectoral 103. Pacific species. PRORATES, 2851. hh. Atlantic species imperfectly described. BREVIBARBE, 2852. gg- Body with dark cross bars; dorsal spotted with black; anal wholly black; head 53 in length; depth 8}. PARDALE, 2853. ff. Scales minute, about 250 in lateral line; head 42; depth 74 to 8; color nearly plain, the fins dark edged. MICROLEPIS, 2854. 2846. LEPOPHIDIUM MARMORATUM (Goode & Bean). Head 5: depth 74; eye 4 in head; snout about 5. Body somewhat elongate, stoutish anteriorly, gradually tapering; head thickish; inter- orbital area broad, convex, its width nearly equal to length of snout, which is blunt, spineless; eye circular, somewhat exceeding length of snout. Maxillary extending to vertical through posterior margin of orbit, a Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2483 the mandible far beyond, its length equal to that of postorbital portion of head. Teeth on vomer and in jaws in villiform bands, the outer series in the latter slightly enlarged. Pseudobranchiz present; gill rakers short, 8 below angle of first arch, the longest less than 4 diameter of eye. Branchiostegals 7. Ventrals as long as postorbital part of head. Dorsal origin at distance from snout contained 44 in total length, with 28 rays in a space equal to length of head, counting from the origin of the fin; anal origin separated from snout by distance 23 in total length; length of pec- toral 2 in head, or 10 in total. Scales closely imbricated, ornamented with delicate concentric strix; lateral line apparently complete, located about + distance from dorsal to ventral outline. Color yellowish gray, marbled along the upper half of head and body with olive brown; dorsal] and anaifins with black margins. Gulf Stream, in 213 fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) (marmoratus, marbled.) Leptophidium marmoratum, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 423, lat. 23° 10! 39/’ N., long. 82° 20! 21/' W., in 213 fathoms (Type, No. 37237, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Alba- tross); GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 348, 1896. 2847. LEPOPHIDIUM EMMELAS (Gilbert). Head 3% to 4; depth 53 to 6; eye 4% in head; snout 4%; interorbital width 7; vertebre 13 + 4457; maxillary 24 to 24 in head; ventral fila- ment 22; pectoral 2 in head; scales 8—125-18 or 20 before dorsal. Body deep, compressed. Maxillary reaching slightly beyond orbit. Jaws slender and weak, the teeth in very narrow bands, the outer not enlarged. Rostral ridge very sharp, bearing a flat spine at its base directed upward and backward, terminating in a very slender sharp spine anteriorly. Opercle ending in a weak spinous point behind, Gill rakers short and slender, the longest 4 pupil, 8 or 9 movable ones developed. Skull and all bones of head very thin and papery. Dorsal beginning over base of pectorals, the nape midway between its origin and middle of orbit. Dis- tance from sneut to origin of anal 14 in distance from latter to end of tail. Scales large, covering cheeks, opercles and top of head forward to middle of interorbital space. Color brownish, much dusted with minute specks; fins blackish, the vertical fins with an indistinct narrow whitish margin; inside of mouth dusky; the roof of mouth, lining of gill cavity, and per- itoneum jet-black. Coast of Lower California. Many specimens, the longest 9 inches, from Albatross Stations 3007 and 3008, in 362 and 306 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (év, within; ~élas, black.) Leptophidium emmelas, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 110, coast of Lower Cali- fornia. (Coll. Albatross.) 2848. LEPOPHIDIUM STIGMATISTIUM (Gilbert). Head 44 in length; depth 94; eye 44 in head; snout 6; interorbital width 64; maxillary reaching slightly beyond posterior border of eyes, 24 in head. A strong rostralspine. Outer teeth scarcely enlarged, evidently so only in front of upper jaw. Gill rakers long and slender, strongly curved forward at tip, the longest equaling } eye; 7 well-developed gill- rakers present. Opercle ending in a rounded process, a broad soft flap 2484 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. projecting beyond it. Dorsal inserted behind middle of pectorals, the nape equidistant from front of dorsal and base of rostral spine; pectorals 22 in head; longest ventral filament 2? in head; scales small, about as in L. prorates, 180 transverse series, 28 in front of dorsal, continued for- ward on top of head to front of pupil; cheeks and opercles scaly. Color dusky olivaceous, lighter below; dorsal with a large black blotch on anterior rays, the margin obscurely dusky; anal broadly margined with jet-black; caudal with median rays black at base, the outer rays and the margin light; lining of gill cavity jet-black; inside of mouth white; per- itoneum bright silvery. A single specimen 10 inches long. Coast of Lower California. (Gilbert.) Much resembling L. prorates, differing in dentition, in gillrakers, andin color. (6riyua, brand; idrzorv, sail.) Leptophidium stigmatistium, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 109, off Lower Cali- fornia, at Albatross Station 2996, in 112 fathoms. 2849. LEPOPHIDIUM PROFUNDORUM (Gill). Head 6; depth 10. Body very slender; scales regularly arranged in quincunx order, those on head extending to forehead, opercles,- and cheeks; snout high, projecting, armed with a concealed spinous hook; teeth villiform, separated by an interval from an outer row of longer, slender, movable teeth; eye longer than snout, 3} in head; lateral line obsolete behind; vent toward end of first third of length; ventral fins short; gill rakers 8. Light rufous; vertical fins margined with black. Gulf Stream, off the coast of Florida. (Gill.) One specimen known. (profundorum, of the depths.) Leptophidium profundorum, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 211, Gulf Stream, off the Coast of Florida (Coll. Commodore Rodgers); GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 347, 1896. Ophidium prefundorum, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 793, 1883. 2850. LEPOPHIDIUM CERVINUM (Goode & Bean). Head about 61; depth about 104; eye 4 in head; ventrals 3 in head. Body elongate, slender; head slender, somewhat compressed ; interorbital area broad, convex, its width equal to length of snout, and 5} in head; snout sharp, conical, armed with a short but sharp spine, and somewhat over- hanging mouth; eye much exceeding length of snout; maxillary extend- ing nearly to vertical through posterior margin of orbit, 2} in head; mandible extending behind same vertical, its length equal to that of head without postorbital portion. Jaws, vomer, and palatines with narrow bands of villiform teeth, some of which are noticeably enlarged (not movable). Psendobranchize present. Gill rakers short, 8 below angle of first arch, 4 of which are rudimentary, the longest 5 in diameter of eye, (In L. profundorum the gillrakers are slenderer and longer, though about equally numerous on the first arch.) Scales in about 11 rows from the origin of the dorsal to the median line of the body. Dorsal origin far back, at a distance from the snout 43 in total length; at a distance from the eye equal to the head’s length. (In L. profundorum this distance is + of the head’s length and the first ray of the dorsal is nearly over the Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2485 middle of the extended pectoral; in L. cervinum, over its tip, or nearly so.) Distance of anal origin with snout 3 in total length. Length of pectoral 2 in head’s length and 13 to 14 in that of body (10 in L. marmoratum, 11 in L. profundorum). Scales ornamented with radiating stri, densely coy- ering all parts of the fish except snout, under surface of head, and the fins; lateral line continued almost to end of tail. Color brownish yellow, with numerous subcircular spots of white, with diameter 4+ that of eye, along the upper half of body; vertical fins with narrow black margin. Gulf Stream. (Goode & Bean.) A specimen from off Sand Key Light, Florida, recorded by Mr. Garman. (cervinus, deer-like, from the faun- color. ) Leptophidum cervinum, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 422, lat. 40° 1’ N., long. 69° 56’ W., depth 76 fathoms (Type, No. 28764. Coll. Fish Hawk); GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 346, 1896. Lepophidium cervinum, GARMAN, Bull. lowa Lab. Nat. Hist. 1896, 91. 2851. LEPOPHIDIUM PRORATES (Jordan & Bollman). Head 44 to 4% (43 to 43 in total); depth 74 to 8} (73 to 84); eye 44in head; snout 5; maxillary 2}; interorbital 1? in eye; pectoral 2} in head; inner ven- tral filament shortest, the longer 2} in head. Body moderately elongate, compressed, considerably stouter than in L. profundorum. Mouth large, maxillary reaching about 4 pupil’s length beyond posterior border of eye. Outer teeth slightly enlarged, a little movable, those of upper jaw largest. Gill rakers rather long and slender, + length of eye, 4 developed. Tip of snout with a strong spine directed forward and slightly downward; opercle without spine, ending in a flat projection covered by skin. Dor- sal beginning over middle of pectorals, longest ray 4 in head. Scales regularly imbricated, but very small, about 225 in a longitudinal series; scales on top of head extending forward to base of ethmoid spine; sides of head covered with small scales; lateral line not reaching end of tail. Air bladder oblong-lanceolate. Color olivaceous, paler below; scales rather profusely dotted with black; a pale shade across opercles; lower jaw, gular region, and anterior branchiostegals dusted; dorsal and anal margined with black, the band on anal the broader; pectorals pale. Specimens of this species were obtained at Panama and at Albatross Sta- tion 2801, south of Panama. Length of type 10 inches. (zpwparns, prow-bearing, from the rostral spine.) Leptophidium prorates, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 172, Panama. (Type, No 41149, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) 2852. LEPOPHIDIUM BREVIBARBE (Cuvier). A short decurved spine at tip of snout; teeth strong; occiput and oper- cles scaly. Vertical fins edged with black. (Kaup.) Air bladder oblong ovate, without contracted portion and without posterior foramen; no single anterior bone replaced by cartilage. (Miiller.) West Indies and Brazil; a scarcely known species; apparently close to L. prorates, but very insufficiently described. (brevis, short; barba, beard.) Ophidion brevibarbe, CUVieR, Régne Animal, Ed. 2, vol. U1, 358, 1829, Brazil; MijLuer, Abhandl. Beri. Acad. 1843, 153, pl. 4, f.4; Kaup, Apodes, 154, pl. 16,f.1; GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 1v, 379, 1862. 2486 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2853. LEPOPHIDIUM PARDALE (Gilbert). Head 54 in length; depth 83; eye 3% in head; snout 42; interorbital 14 in eye. Body very slender, with a short head and small mouth; maxillary scarcely reaching vertical from posterior border of orbit, its length 2} in head; outer teeth very little enlarged, not movable; teeth present on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Gill rakers slender, the longest 4 eye, 4 developed. Tip of snout with a strong, concealed spine, as in L. prorates. Opercle ending in a short spine. Nape midway between front of dorsal and front of pupil; dorsal beginning over middle of pectorals, which are 2} in head; ventral filaments very short; the inner the longer, 42 in head. Scales very small, about 200 in a longitudinal series, extend- ing forward on top of head to middle of interorbital space; cheeks and opercles scaly. Light olive, a series of 8 black bars downward from back, scarcely reaching lateral line, sometimes continuous with their fellows of the other side, and alternating with smaller black spots on dorsal outline; below the smaller spots a series of round spots nearly as large as eye along middle line of sides; sides and lower parts of head and body dusted with rather coarse black specks; dorsal light, the margin with 10 elongate black blotches, usually longer than the interspaces; caudal dusky at base, its distal half white; anal wholly black; peritoneum and lining of gill cavity white. Lower California. A single specimen, length 74 inches, from Alba- tross Station 3014, in 29 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (a2apédadzs, leopard.) Leptophidium pardale, GILBERT, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 108, off Lower California. (Type, No. 44382. Coll, Dr. Gilbert.) 2854. LEPOPHIDIUM MICROLEPIS (Gilbert). Head 42 in length; depth 74 to 8; eye 44 to 5 in head; snout 5; inter- orbital width 64; maxillary extending beyond orbit, 2} to 2}. Rostral spine very strong, as in L. prorates. Outer teeth enlarged, not at all movable, those in upper jaw largest. Four. gill rakers developed, the longest 3} in eye. Opercle ending in a short concealed spinous point. Dorsal inserted in front of middle of pectorals, the distance from nape to front of dorsal usually less than from nape to middle of eye; longest ven- tral filament 34 to 34 in length of head; pectorals 24 to 24in head. Scales exceedingly small, regularly imbricated, in about 250 transverse series, 35 transverse series between nape and dorsal (about 175 transverse rows in L. prorates, 25 series between nape and dorsal). Top of head scaly as far as front of eyes. Cheeks and opercles scaly. Color as in L. prorates, the lining of peritoneum and gill cavity silvery white, the former with little or no black specking. Closely related to L. prorates, differing principally in the much smaller scales. Gulf of California. Many specimens, the longest 14 inches, from Albatross Stations 3015 and 3016, in 145 and 76 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (zpos, small; Aes, scale.) Leptophidium microlepis, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 109, Gulf of California. (Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2487 947- OPHIDION (Artedi) Linnzeus. (Cusk EELs.) Ophidion (ARTEDI) LINN2US, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 259, 1758 (barbatwm). Ophidium, Linnzws, Syst. Nat., Ed. xu, 431, 1766, and of most recent authors; changed spelling. Body moderately elongate, compressed; scales small, usually not imbri- cated, but arranged in short, oblique series, often placed at right angles with each other, much as in Anguilla, Head naked; teeth villiform, those of the outer series more or less enlarged, none of them movable; teeth on vomer and palatines bluntish, some of them enlarged. Vent well behind pectorals. Opercle without distinct spine; sometimes (0. barbatum) a dis- tinct spine at tip of snout. Air bladder oblong-ovate, tapering behind, without foramen. Shore speciesmostly European. (Ophidium, an ancient name, from 0976z07, a small snake. ) a. Gill rakers 4. b. Head 42 in length; depth 7; fins not dark edged. BEANI, 2855. bb. Head 6 in length; inner ray of ventral 1} in length of outer, which is shorter than head; fins dark-edged. HOLBROOKI, 2856. aa. Gill rakers 6 or 7; head 53 to 6 in length; depth 8 te 10; color silvery, unspotted; fins not dark-edged; ventrals nearly as long as head. GRAELLSI, 2857. 2855. OPHIDION BEANI, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 43 in length; depth about 7. Head small, the profile not very obtuse; snout 43 in head; eye 34, more than twice the narrow interorbital space; mouth oblique, the maxillary reaching to posterior border of pupil, 2in head; lower jaw slightly included; teeth small, in narrow bands in the jaws, the outer series in upper jaw somewhat enlarged; vomerine and palatine teeth small, subequal; head naked; snout spineless; opercle without spine; no evident pseudobranchie; gill rakers rather long and strong, 4 below angle of arch; occiput nearly midway between origin of dorsal and front of eye. Air bladder long and slender, occupying nearly the whole length of abdominal cavity, tapering backward. Very light olive, somewhat punctate above, slightly silvery below; fins without trace of dark edging (but being mutilated they may have been dark-edged in life). Gulf of Mexico. Two specimens, 1 of which is in good condition and about 4 inches long, were taken from the stomach of a red snapper, at Pensacola. (Named for Dr. Tarleton Hoffman Bean.) Ophidium grellsi, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 301; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 963, 1883; not of PoEy. Ophidion beani, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 43, Snapper Banks off Pen- sacola (Coll. Jordan & Stearns. Type, No. 30868, U. S. Nat. Mus.): JorDAN, Cat. Fishes N. A., 126, 1885. 2856. OPHIDION HOLBROOKI (Putnam). Head 6 in total length. Inner barbel nearly 3 length of the outer; outer barbel equal to distance from center of eye to point of operculum; maxil- lary reaching to posterior border of eye. Length of eye equal to dis- tance from its posterior margin to ridge of preoperculum. Dorsal and anal 2488 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. witl a black margin. Gill rakers 4; air bladder long, pointed, with a foramen. (Putnam.) Length 6 inches. Gulf of Mexico; recorded from Key West, Florida; not seen by us. (Named for Dr. John Edwards Hol- brook, the distinguished ichthyologist of Charleston. ) ?Ophidion josephi, GIRARD, U.S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., Ichth., 29, 1859, St. Joseph Island, Texas; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis 793, 1883; quite as likely to be Rissola margi- nata. Ophidium holbrooki, PutNAM, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1874, 342, Key West, Fiorida; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 793, 1883. 2857. OPHIDION GRAELLSI, Poey. Head 52 in body; depth 10; eye 3in head; pectoral 24; ventral scarcely as long as head. Body elongate, compressed; mouth large, the maxillary reaching to posterior margin of pupil; small teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; eye very large, greater than length of snout; interorbital space 3 of eye, a sharp ridge along its middle to tip of snout, where it ends in a sharp spine; opercles unarmed; about 6 gill rakers developed on lower part of gill arch, apparently none above; pseudobranchie small, if pres- ent. Air bladder, injured in specimen examined, apparently lanceolate; dorsal and anal low, confluent with caudal, which ends in a point; pec- torals small, their ends scarcely reaching midway from their base to front of anal; ventrals with 2 filamentous rays, the outer scarcely as long as head, the inner } as long. Color in spirits, reddish brown, with silvery reflections on sides; head silvery, upper part of eye black; fins the color of the body, with no dark edgings. Coasts of Cuba; rare. Here described from a specimen from Havana, Cuba, 2} inches in length, sent by Pro- fessor Poey. Poey has also sent a drawing of his original type, a much larger specimen, which he describes as follows: Head 5:1; depth 8; snout rounded; eye large, 44 in head; maxillary reaching posterior border of eye; teeth small, slender, with a villiform band behind them; teeth on vomer and palatines; scales small; head scaly, except on snout; lateral line high; branchiostegals7; dorsal begin- ning over second third of pectoral, joining anal behind; about 100 rays in each fin; vent a little behind first third of length. Yellowish brown, sil- very on side of head; no black on fins. Air bladder distinct; no pyloric ceca. Intestine with 2 short turns. Cuba. (Poey.) Air bladder, gill rakers, and ventral not described. Length 230 mm. Rare; not reaching a foot in length. (Named for Mariano de la P. Graélls, director of the Botanic Garden at Madrid, “‘comme témoignage de mon estime pour ses travaux scientifiques, et pour la zéle qu’il déploit . .. pour Vacqui- sition des objets et ’acclimatation des espéces.”) Ophidion graellsi, Pony, Memorias, u, 425, 1860, Havana (Coll. Poey); PoEy, Synopsis, 402, 1867. 948. CHILARA, Jordan & Evermann. Chilara, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fish. N. and M. A., 482, 1896 (taylori). This genus contains asingle robust species which differs from Ophidion only in the presence of a stout concealed spine at tip of opercle; the air bladder Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2489 is oblong-ovate, the head naked and the snout without spine. (y:Acpz, the modern Greek name of the species of Ophidion and Rissola. ) 2858. CHILARA TAYLORI (Girard). Head 6; depth 8; head large, little compressed, naked; top of head with conspicuous mucous pores; dorsal fin beginning over the pectorals; outer ray of ventral little more than } length of head, inner about 4; air blad- der ovate, not contracted; 7 gill rakers below the angle of the arch; pseudobranchixw developed; no spine on the end of the snout; opercle with a flat spine concealed in its membranes; outer teeth in both jaws considerably enlarged, the upper largest. Color light olive; head and upper parts covered with conspicuous round dark, olive-brown spots; chin dusky; vertical fins edged with black. Length 12inches. Coast of California, from Monterey to San Diego; not rare in waters of moderate depth. (Named for A. S. Taylor, its discoverer.) Ophidiuin taylori, GIRARD, Pac. R. R. Surv., X, Fishes, 138, 1858, Monterey, California (Type, No. 867. Coll. A.S. Taylor); JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 793, 1883. g49. RISSOLA, Jordan & Evermann. Rissola, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fish. N. and M. A., 483, 1896 (marginatum). This genus contains species agreeing with Ophidion in general characters, but with the air bladder short, broad, spherical or kidney-shaped, with a posterior foramen. Species chiefly of the Mediterranean. (Named for Anastase Risso, apothecary at Nice, author of the Ichthyologie de Nice, 1810, and Histoire Naturelle de l’Europe Méridionale, 1826, two of the very best of local faunal works, the foundation of our knowledge of the fishes of the Mediterranean. ) 2859. RISSOLA MARGINATA (DeKay). Head 64; depth 74; eye 4in head; maxillary reaching posterior margin of orbit; air bladder short and broad, with a foramen on the under side; upper ray of ventral about equaling length of head; inner ray 4 length of outer; gill rakers 4; color nearly plain brownish; dorsal and anal fins margined with black. Coast of the United States, from New York south to Pensacola and the coast of Texas; not very common; very simi- lar to the Mediterranean species Rissola rochii (Miiller),. but probably distinct. (marginatus, margined.) Ophidium marginatum, DE Kay, N.Y. Fauna: Fish., 315, 1842, New York Harbor; PUTNAM, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1874, 342; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 792, 1883. 20Ophidium josephi, * GrRARD, U. S.and Mex. Bound. Survy., Zool., 29, 1859, Saint Joseph Island, Texas; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 793, 1893. * The scanty description of Ophidion josephi agrees fairly with either Rissola margi- nata or Ophidion holbrooki, and may be either. The following is the substance of Girard’s account: ‘Head 6 in length; eye moderate, 4 in head; maxillary extending to opposite its poste- rior margin; origin of dorsal at some distance behind base of pectorals. Body shorter and pectorals more elongate than in O. taylori. Pale olive, sprinkled all over with brownish specks; belly and sides of head plain; vertical fins edged with black.” 3030-——79 2490 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 950. OTOPHIDIUM, Gill. Otophidium, GILL, in JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 126, 1885 (omostigma). This genus differs from Ophidion, in the form of the air bladder, which is short, thick, and with a large foramen (not examined in O., galeoides). The opercle ends in-a concealed spine as in Chilara. Species American, so far as known. (ovs @ros, ear; Ophidium.) a. Gill rakers 4. b. Head long, 434 to 44 in length; depth 54 to 6. c. Scapular region with a jet-black spot; pseudobranchiz little developed; ventrals 4 length of head; maxillary 17 in head. OMOSTIGMUM, 2860, ec. Scapular region without jet-black spot; pseudobranchie well developed; ventrals with the inner ray longest, 4 head; body with dark cross bands. INDEFATIGABILE, 2861. bb. Head moderate, 54 in body; depth 6; a pale spot before dorsal; pale spots along lateral line; ventral 4 head. GALEOIDES, 2862. 2860. OTOPHIDIUM OMOSTIGMUM (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 44 in length; depth about 6. Body comparatively short, highest at occiput, thence tapering rapidly to tip of tail; upper profile of head very convex; snout blunt; mouth horizontal, the lower jaw included; maxillary not quite reaching posterior border of orbit; teeth in jaws uni- form, strongly incurved, in rather broad bands; a single series of small teeth on vomer, those on palatines minute; maxillary 1f in head; eye large, 3 in head, much larger than snout, equaling twice interorbital width; opercle terminating in a strong, compressed spine, the length of which is about % diameter of pupil; gill rakers very small, 4 below on anterior arch. Longest ventral filament 4 length of head; the shorter ? length of longer. Distance from origin of dorsal to tip of snout 34 in total length; distance from origin of anal to snout 2} in total length. Scales minute, embedded. Pseudobranchize probably present (type reexamined by us). Air bladder short, thick, with a large posterior foramen. Color light olive ereen, silvery on belly, cheeks, and lower side of head; sides above with a few irregular, large, scattered, dark blotches, about 9 of these along base of dorsal fin; an intensely black, round blotch on scapular region, rather larger than pupil; dorsal with black blotches; anal largely black; upper half of eye black, lower half bright silvery. Gulf of Mexico. A single specimen, 33 inches long, taken from the stomach of a red snapper, at the Snapper Banks off Pensacola. (wos, shoulder; 6riy a, spot.) Genypterus omostigma, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1882, 301, Pensacola Snapper Banks (Coll. Jordan & Stearns. Type, 29670, U. S. Nat. Mus.); JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 963, 1883. Otophidium omostigma, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 345, fig. 305, 1896. 2861. OTOPHIDIUM INDEFATIGABILE, Jordan & Bollman. Head 4? (44 in total); depth 5} (5$); eye large, 3inhead; snout4. Body rather short, compressed, width of nape 2} in head. Mouth large; maxil- lary reaching to opposite posterior margin of pupil, 14 in head; outer row of teetb of each jaw very slightly enlarged. Interorbital space 2 in eye; interorbital area with a thin crest under the skin, this ending in 2 com- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2491 pressed spines, 1 turning forward, the other backward over front of eye, these spines concealed by the skin. Gill rakers short and thick, less than 4 pupil, 4 developed. Dorsal beginning at end of anterior third of pecto- rals, longest ray 3} in head; pectorals 2 in head; inner ventral filament. longest, 2in head. Air bladder short and thick, with a foramen. Scales very small, more or less imbricated on body; head naked. Opercle with a sharp, partly concealed spine. Pseudobranchize present. Color pale yellowish brown, silvery on belly and sides of head; back with about 12 irregular dark cross bands, the alternate ones being narrower and broken up into spots, 2 before dorsal; a few scattered spots about as large as pupil on sides, these most distinct about the shoulder; dorsal pale, first rays black, and with 3 or 4 other black blotches on upper part; anal black, margined with white; pectorals pale, axil dusky; caudal and posterior part of anal pale; chin pale. A single specimen obtained at Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Archipelago. Length 4inches. (indefatigabilis, tireless. ) Otophidium indefatigabile, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 172, Indefati- gable Island, in the Galapagos Archipelago. (Type, No. 44393. Coll. Albatross.) 2862. OTOPHIDIUM GALEOIDES (Gilbert). Head 54 in length; depth 6. D.125. Maxillary reaching beyond pupil, 24 in head; snout 4%; eye 3%. Gill rakers short and broad, 4 of them developed. Opercle ending in a sharp concealed spine. Outer teeth little enlarged. Dorsal beginning over middle of pectorals, the nape equidis- tant between front of dorsal and tip of snout. Caudal very short and bluntly rounded, as in Chilara taylori, the rays not projecting beyond dor- sal and anal; pectorals 1} in head; ventral filament + head. Scales as in C. taylori, not at all imbricated, arranged with their long axes fre- quently at right angles to each other; head naked. Color light olive, without bars, a narrow dusky streak along base of dorsal, and a round light spot at origin of dorsal; a series of small olive-brown spots along lateral line, with a few scattering spots below it but none above; nape and head without spots; vertical fins translucent; dorsal with a large black blotch on tip of anterior rays, the fin behind this narrowly edged with black, which does not surround the caudal; anal with much silvery- white pigment anteriorly on distal portion, becoming dusky behind; pec- torals translucent, edged with white below; peritoneum, buccal, and gill cavities white. Closely related to Otophidium indefatigabile, differing in color, and in the much shorter head, smaller mouth, less imbricated scales, the more posterior insertion of dorsal, and the absence of spines on head. Air bladder not examined. Pseudobranchiz present. Gulf of California. One specimen, 54 inches long, from Albatross Station 3025, in 94 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (yv adv, shark; e760, appearance.) Otophidion galeoides, GILBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1890, 110, Gulf of California, lat, gro 21’ 15’ N., long. 113° 59’ W. (Type, No. 44381. Coll. Albatross.) Family CCIX. LYCODAPODIDA. Deep-sea fishes allied to the Fierasferide, diftering chiefly in the normal position of the vent, which is remote from the head, and just before the 2492 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. anal fin; gill openings large, the membranes united anteriorly only, free from the isthmus, as in Fierasfer. -Pseudobranchize wanting; no scales; no lateralline; no ventral fins, One genus with 4 known species, from the North Pacific. g51. LYCODAPUS, Gilbert. Lycodapus, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 107 (jierasfer). Body naked. Ventrals wanting. Vertical fins united around the tail. Gill openings wide, continued forward under the throat; the gill mem- branes anteriorly narrowly united, loosely joined to the isthmus by a fold of lax skin. Branchiostegals 6. No pseudobranchie. Gills 4, a wide slit behind inner arch. Gill rakers developed. Teeth present in jaws and on yomer and palatines, none of them enlarged. Vent remote — the throat. *(Lycodes; Xzovs, footless.) a. Body slender, the depth 8 to 11 in length. b. Head rather large, 43 to 53 in length. c. Head, body, and fins with very many mucous pores; dorsal rays 70; anal 60. DERMATINUS, 2863. cc. Head, body, and fins with very few mucous pores; dorsal rays 82; anal 70. FIERASFER, 2864. bb. Head small, 72 in length; gill openings not extending above base of pectorals. PARVICEPS, 2865. ad. Body \ very slender, the depth about 15 in length; dorsal rays about 100. EXTENSUS, 2866. 2863. LYCODAPUS DERMATINUS, Gilbert. Head 43; depth 1} in head; eye 5 in head; snout 4; maxillary 24. D.70; A.60. Very similar to ZL. fierasfer, but the head, body and fins covered with a thick loose skin which contains numerous pores, or openings for the mucous canals. One series of these runs along middle of sides and forms the lateral line; it rises anteriorly above the gill opening, and is continued forward on top of head, the two meeting between eyes; a second series runs between eye and upper lip, and curves around on middle of cheek, running upward to behind eye; one series runs along a fold bordering mandible, 1 along preopercular margin, and 1 on opercle. In L. fierasfer a few pores are visible on mandible, and 1 or 2 can frequently be made out on preopercular margins. The skin is very thin and delicate, and the fin rays are very evident through the mem- brane, The general proportions and the dentition of the type are essentially as in L. fierasfer, but the vomerine teeth are long and hooked backward. Mandible heavier than in JL. fierasfer. Origin of dorsal vertically above axil of pectorals. Length of head and trunk 4 total length. Teeth in narrow bands in the jaws,a single series on vomer and palatines. Gill membranes very narrowly joined below and free from the isthmus, as in L. fierasfer. Pectorals much longer than in ZL. fierasfer. General color in spirits light brownish yellow, made somewhat dusky by the pigment spots in the skin; body, and especially the fins, darker posteriorly. Aleutian Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2493 Islands, in deep water. Only the type known, an example 4% inches long. (depua, skin; dermatinus, skinny.) Lycodapus dermatinus, GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 471, pl. 35, Aleutian Islands, lat. 37° 54’ 10’ N., long. 123° 30’ W., at Albatross Station 3162, in 552 fathoms. 2864. LYCODAPUS FIERASFER, Gilbert. Head 53; depth 10; eye 43 in head; snout 34; maxillary 2 to 21. D. 82; A. 70. Body compressed, elongate, tapering rather rapidly backward, the tail not produced to a filament; head flat above, the cheeks deep, vertical, the mouth very oblique, with the lower jaw slightly the longer and nearly entering the upper profile; skull very thin and papery, translucent; jaws weak; gape of mouth wide, the maxillary reaching vertical from behind front of pupil; teeth all small, in a very narrow band in jaws, in a single series on vomer and palatines; interorbital width ? of eye; snout broad, depressed, spatulate, its tip prominent, turned upward, the upper profile thus longitudinally concave; an evident median ridge on snout and interorbital space; gill slits continued forward below to vertical from middle of eye, the membranes united for a distance equaling diameter of pupil; gill rakers short, less than diameter of pupil, strongly toothed, about 10 on horizontal limb of arch; head without conspicuous mucous pores or cavities. Dorsal beginning well forward, its distance from occi- put slightly less than that from occiput to nostril. Dorsal and anal rays slender, all articulated, branched only at tips; caudal not distinct, the rays springing from end of tail not projecting beyond the others; origin of anal immediately behind vent, its distance from snout nearly equal- ing $+ total length; pectorals narrow, varying in length, about 2} in head. Body and fins invested in a rather lax transparent skin, without traces of scales. Color, body translucent, dusted with black specks; abdomen blackish; lips, inside of mouth, lining of gill cavity, and peritoneum jet- black; iris silvery. (Gilbert.) North Pacific. The types, several speci- mens, the longest 54 inches, from Albatross Stations 2980, 3010, 3072, off Lower California, in 610 to 1,005 fathoms. Also taken near Unalaska in 109 fathoms. (Fierasfer, the pearlfish.) Lycodapus fierasfer, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 108, off Lower California, in 610 to 1,005 fathoms (Coll. Dr. Gilbert); JoRDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 234, pl. 23. 2865. LYCODAPUS PARVICEPS, Gilbert. Head 72; depth 11; eye 44in head; snout 34; least interorbital width 5; maxillary 2}; pectoral 23. D.100; A. about 85 (both counted to middle of caudal); P.9; no ventrals. Upper profile of head nearly straight, not longitudinally concave as in L. fierasfer; head deeper and narrower, the snout less spatulate; skin thicker. A conspicuous series of pores on man- dible and along preopercular margin; gill slit very oblique, extending anteriorly as far as vertical from eye, the membranes then narrowly united, free from the isthmus except at extreme front; gill slit superiorly much more restricted than in L. fierasfer, not extending above base of pectorals, while in the latter it extends above them for + diameter of eye. Mouth 2494 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. oblique, maxillary reaching vertical from middle of eye; jaws even at tip, the mandible slightly included laterally; mandibular teeth in a moderate band anteriorly, the inner series enlarged, narrowing posteriorly to a sin- gle row; premaxillary teeth of uniform size, in a narrow band through- out; vomer with 4 canine-like teeth; palatine teeth small, in a single close-set series. Distance from origin of dorsal to occiput slightly less than that from occiput to posterior nostril; head and trunk contained 3} in tail. Body brownish in spirits, fins whitish, translucent; everywhere dusted with black specks; tail and fins distinctly blackish posteriorly ; orbit blackish above; gill cavity silvery, blackish anteriorly; mouth blackish, except anteriorly; peritoneum black, the color not showing through the abdominal wall. Similar to L. fierasfer, differing in the much smaller head, longer, slenderer body, the thicker skin with more evident mucous pores, and in the more restricted gill openings. Aleutian Islands, in moderately deep water. Only the type known, a specimen about 5 inches long. (Gilbert.) (parvus, small; -ceps, head.) »Lycodapus parviceps, GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 455, north of Unalaska Island at Albatross Station 3324, in 109 fathoms. (Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) 2866. LYCODAPUS EXTENSUS (Gilbert). Head 62; depth 154; eye 4} in head; snout 32; interorbital width 14 in eye; pectoral 2% in head. D. 96 (the extreme end of the tail wanting). Gill openings as in L. fierasfer, extending well above base of ventralis. Skin thin, the mucous pores inconspicuous, evident on mandible and along margin of preopercle. Upper profile of head longitudinally con- cave, shaped as in L. fierasfer, but slenderer, its depth greater than that of body. Mouth oblique, the maxillary reaching vertical from middle of eye, 2} in head. Teeth in narrow bands in each jaw, tapering laterally to single series; vomerine teeth more numerous than in L. parviceps or L. fierasfer, small, not canine-like, in a single series; pala- tine teeth wanting, as in some individuals of L. fierasfer. Occiput mid- way between front of dorsal and anterior nostril; pectorals slenderer and longer than in L. fierasfer. Head and trunk contained 23 times in tail. Color light brownish, the black peritoneum visible through the skin of the abdomen; mouth and gill cavity largely dusky; a narrow dark-brown streak along base of dorsal and anal, occupying, toward tip of tail, the entire height of both fins. An extremely slender elongate form, with head smaller than L. ficrasfer, but otherwise resembling that species more than L. parviceps. Aleutian Islands, in rather deep water. Only the type, a specimen 4 inches long, known. (Gilbert.) (extensus, stretched out. ) Lycodalepis extensus, GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 455, north of Unalaska, at Albatross Station 3324, in 109 fathoms. (Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) Family CCX. FIERASFERIDA. (THE PEARL-FISHES.) Body elongate, compressed, tapering into a long and slender tail; no scales; teeth cardiform, on jaws, vomer, and palatines; canine teeth often present; no barbels; lower jaw included; vent at the throat; gill mem- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2495 branes somewhat united, free from the isthmus; no pseudobranchix; no pyloric cea; vertical fins very low, confluent, without spines; no ven- tral fins; pectoral fins present or absent. Small shore fishes of tropical seas, often living in shells of mollusks, echinoderms, etc., being especially often commensal with the pearl oyster and with the larger Holothuria. Genera 3; species 12. (Ophidiida, group Fierasferina, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 381-384, 1862.) a. Pectoral fins present; no distinct caudal fin; gill membranes connected anteriorly only. FIERASFER, 952. 952. FIERASFER, Cuvier. Fierasfer, CuviER, Régne Anim., Ed. 1, 11, 239, 1817 (imberbe=acus). Echiodon, THOMPSON, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1837, 55 (drummondi). Diaphasia, LOWE, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1843, 92 (acus). Oxybeles, RICHARDSON, Voy. Erebus and Terror, Fishes, 74, 1844-48 (home). Porobronchus, KAup, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1860, 272 (larva of Fierasfer acus). Carapus,* GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 152 (after RAFINESQUE, 1810; not type). Vewillifer, Gasco, Bull. Assoc. Nat. Med. Napoli 1870, 59 (larva of Fierasfer acus). Lefroyia, JONES, Zoologist, 1X, 1874, 3838 (bernvudensis). Gill membranes little connected, leaving the isthmus bare. No distinet caudal fin; pectoral fins developed. The species of this genus are not well known, and their characters and nomenclatures are uncertain. It is not unlikely that the American species are all reducible to one, Fierasfer affinis or dubius, but our scanty material will not justify us in taking this view. ( Fierasfer, the ancient name, from @zepos, sleek and shining.) a. Vomer with canine teeth; pectoral about 4 length of head. b. Front teeth of upper jaw enlarged; head 7 to 8 in length; depth 11} to 15 times in length of body. AFFINIS, 2867. bb. Front teeth of upper jaw not enlarged; head 6 in length; depth about 104 times in length of body. ARENICOLA, 2868. aa. Vomer with small teeth, scarcely canine-like; pectoral about 24 in head; head 7 to 84 in body. BERMUDENSIS, 2869. 2867. FIERASFER AFFINIS?t (Ginther). (PEARL-FIsH.) Head 7}; depth of head 15. Maxillary extending slightly beyond orbit; lower teeth larger than the upper, except 2 to 4 front teeth of upper jaw, which are about equal to lower teeth; vomer with 3 to 6 teeth, 2 or 3 of + In the Museum of Comparative Zoology is ‘‘one valve of a pearl oyster, in which a specimen of Fierasfer dubius is beautifully inclosed in a pearly covering, deposited on it by the oyster.”” (Putnam.) 2496 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. these canine-like. Pectoral + head; vent under base of pectoral. Dorsal finlow, but distinct ; anal much more developed than dorsal, its longest rays about in the middle of the fish. Air bladder long, slightly constricted behind. Gill membranes not covering isthmus. Color in spirits, uniform light brown, with a short silvery band along the sides of the abdomen made by confluent spots. (Putnam, description of F. dubius.) Panama; especially common among the Pearl Islands, chiefly in shells of pearl oysters. This species should probably stand as Fierasfer affinis. The following notes are from numerous specimens, 3 to 4 inches long, from Pearl Islands, collected by Prof. Bradley, these also being types of Fierasfer dubius: Head 6} to 74; eye 44 to5 in head. Teeth in upper jaw small, acute, in a rather narrow band; sometimes a few in the front of the jaw inconspicuously enlarged; those in lower jaw and on palatines conic, blunt, in somewhat wider bands, the outer series of lower jaw enlarged, canine-like; vomer with a narrowly oblong patch of small, blunt teeth, surrounding a median series of 3 to 6 conspicuously enlarged, retrorsely curved canines, which are usually much the largest teeth in the mouth. Two specimens from Albatross Station 3021, Lower California, agree in general with the above account: Head 7}; depth 114; eye 4; 2 upper teeth on each side somewhat enlarged, about as large as lateral teeth on mandibles; vomerine canines larger. Professor Putnam refers also to Fierasfer dubius specimens from Key Biscayne, Florida (Coll. Theodore Lyman); Tortugas (Coll. Gustav Wiirdemann); Cape Florida (Coll. Wiirdemann), and New Providence, Bahama (Coll. F. G. Shaw). ‘These specimens apparently belong rather to Fierasfer bermudensis, if that species be different. (affinis, related, to Fierasfer acus.) ? Fierasfer afinis,* GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 381, 1862, no locality given. Fierasfer dubius, PUTNAM, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1874, 344, Pearl Islands (Coll. Prof. Frank H. Bradley); JorDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 629; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 791, 1883. 2868. FIERASFER ARENICOLA, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 6} in length; depth 10}; eye5 in head; snout5. Body with nape slightly elevated, thence tapering regularly to the tail. Snout blunt, rounded, - protruding; mouth subinferior, nearly horizontal, large, the lower jaw included; gape wide, the maxillary 4 length of head, extending beyond vertical from orbit; teeth in upper jaw very small, acute, in a narrow band, none of them enlarged; those in lower jaw and on vomer blunt, conic, in a wide band; those in outer series acute; a few on each side of mandible and 2 or 3 anteriorly on vomer, enlarged, canine-like. Gill openings very wide, the branchiostegal membranes little united, leaving nearly all of isthmus uncovered; the membranes * Fierasfer afinis, Giinther, is thus described: ‘The length of the head is } of the total; its greatest width is rather less than 4 of its length. Gill openings rather wide, the united gill membranes leaving the greater por- tion of the isthmus uncovered. Teeth cardiform; a pair in front of the upper jaw, a series on the side of the lower, and several others on the vomer larger than the rest. Dorsal fin low but very distinct. The length of the pectoral nearly 4 that of the head. (This species is) similar to F. acus, but with a very different dentition.’’ (Giimther.) Described from a specimen 8 inches long, from unknown locality. This description, so far as it goes, agrees with Fierasfer dubius, but the specimen may not be American. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2497 united as far back only as vertical from end of maxillary; opercle adher- ent above the upper angle, which is produced in a point extending above the base of pectorals; below the angle the opercular margin runs very obliquely forward. Eye large, greeter than interorbital width. Origin of dorsal fin distant from nape by the length of the head, the fin a very inconspicuous fold anteriorly, becoming higher posteriorly, where the rays are evident; anal well developed along entire length, beginning immediately behind vent and running to tail, its rays visible; caudal exceedingly short; pectorals very well developed, more than 4 length of head; vent just in front of base of pectorals. Head and body perfectly translucent; a faint silvery luster on middle of sides anteriorly; a few inconspicuous small light yellowish spots along middle of sides (disap- pearing in alcohol); tip of tail dusky; upper margin of orbit black. Pa- cific coast of Mexico. A single specimen, 3} inches long, was found buried in the sand at low tide on the beach at Mazatlan. This specimen may be identical with Mierasfer dubius, but it is more robust than Putnam’s types, with longer head and without enlarged teeth in upper jaw. It may be regarded as distinct, pending investigation. (arena,sand; colo, Il inhabit.) Fierasfer arenicola, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 363, Mazatlan. (Type, No. 29244. Coll. C. H. Gilbert.) 2869. FIERASFER BERMUDENSIS (Jones). Head 8} in length; eye 4, longer than snout; mouth large, the maxillary reaching beyond orbit; pectoral 24 in head. Teeth small, acute, unise- rial, 3 ina line on the vomer; palatine teeth small.* Color pale brownish, a bluish streak crossing the nape between the opercles, 4 pale points on the back. Vertebre 100. Length 140 mm. West Indies. This descrip- tion (by Poey) from a specimen taken in the stomach of a holothurian at Havana. Others are recorded from Key West and St. Thomas, the latter from an oyster; not seen by us; doubtfully distinct from Fierasfer dubius or affinis, but the vomerine teeth said to be smaller. 2Carapus afinis, POEY, Synopsis, 402, 1867; not Fierasfer afinis, GUNTHER. Lefroyia bermudensis, JONES, Zoologist, 1X, 1874, 3838, Bermuda.} (Coll. General Lefroy.) *In another specimen, according to Poey, the teeth are villiform, with an enlarged series outside, the lower teeth largest, the ninth, tenth, and eleventh largest; teeth on vomer small, acute, in a row: palatine teeth bluntish. t Fierasfer bermudensis (Jones) was thus originally described: ‘Total length rather more than 44 inches. Greatest depth at the vertical of the pec- torals 34 lines. The length of the head is slightly more than 4 of the total length. The greatest width of the head rather less than } of its length. Body naked, attenuate, com- pressed. Facial outline rugose. Eye moderate; horizontal diameter of eyecup 1% lines; vertical diameter 14 lines. Gape of the mouth ovoid. Lower jaw shorter and received within the upper. Cardiform teeth of irregular sizo in both jaws, vomer. and palatines, those of the latter largest. Branchiostegals 7, inflated, united below. Vent thoracic. Pectorals originating at the upper angle of the operculum, 3 lines in extent, and composed of very delicate softrays. Dorsalindistinct, commencing ina groove about the vertical of the twentieth anal ray, continuous to caudal extreme, where, in conjunction with the anal, it forms a small filamentous tip. Anal prominent, commencing immediately behind the vent in advance of the vertical of the upper angle of the operculum, and extending to the caudal extreme. About its center it is equal in depth to that of the body at same position. Owing to the delicate texture of the fins it is impossible to ascertain certainly the number of rays, but those of the anal exceed 140. Color, when dried out of spirits, golden yellow; the body transparent, showing the vertebr within; a condition. according to Lefroy, equally observable in life. ‘“‘T propose to publish it as Lefroyia bermudensis, in compliment to the gallant officer to whom I am indebted for the specimen.” (J. Matthew Jones.) This species is probably identical with the one called ajinis by Poey. 2498 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Family CCXI. BROTULIDA. (THE BROTULOID FISHES.) — Body elongated, compressed, regularly tapering behind, the tail generally subtruncate at base of caudal fin, not isocercal; vent submedian; scales cycloid and minute, embedded in the lax skin, which more or less envelops the fins, sometimes wanting; gill openings very large, the membranes mostly free from the isthmus; vertical fins united or contiguous at base of caudal; dorsal fin commencing not far from nape; caudal narrow or pointed; ventral fins small, few-rayed, attached to the humeral arch and more or less in advance of pectoral. Pyloric ceca few (1 or 2), rarely obsolete or in increased number (12); maxillaries generally enlarged behind and produced toward their upper angle. (Gill.) Pseudobranchize small or wanting, hypercoracoid with the usual foramen, as in Blennioid fishes. These fishes are closely related to the Zoarcide. In spite of various external resemblances to the Gadide, their affinities are rather with the Blennioid forms than with the latter. Genera about 45, species about 100; largely of the depths of thesea; 2 species degenerated into blind cave fishes. We have not had material for any elaborate study of these fishes and fol- low closely the arrangemment given by Goode & Bean. (Brotuloida, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 252, and 1884, 175.) BROTULIN®: a. Snout and lower jaw each with well-developed barbels; vertical fins united; teeth on vomer and palatines. b. Ventrals each reduced to a bifid filament. BROTULA, 953. aa. Snout and lower jaw without barbels. LUCIFUGIN2: c. Species blind, dwelling in fresh-water streams in caves; barbels replaced by cilia. d. Palatines with strong teeth; teeth inlower jaw strong. STYGICOLA, 954. dd. Palatines toothless; teeth in jaws villiform. LuciruGa, 955. cc. Species marine, the eyes usually well developed. BROSMOPHYCIN2: e. Caudal fin differentiated, on a distinct caudal peduncle. Ff. Snout and lower jaw with small cilia; head naked, or nearly so. BROSMOPHYCIs, 956. ff. Snout and lower jaw without cilia; head more or less sealy. OGILBIA, 957. ee. Caudal fin not differentiated, without distinet peduncle. BYTHITIN : g. Ventrals inserted on the isthmus, not far from the humeral symphysis. h. Pectorals normal, simple; eyes present. i. Lateral line present posteriorly, but broken in the middle; palatines with teeth; ventrals a pair of filaments each of 2 closely united rays. BYTHITES, 958. ii. Lateral line obsolete posteriorly. j. Ventrals each of a single ray. k. Lateral line distinet on front of body. l. Preopercle without spines; head scaly (ex- cept snout); opercle with a single spine; vent median. CATZETYX, 959. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2499 ll. Preopercle with 3 or 4 spines, operele with a single one; head partially naked. = DicromirTA, 960. kk. Lateral line obsolescent, almost, or quite invisi- ble; opercle with a feeble spine; head smooth; eyes small. m. Ventral consisting of a single ray. BASSOZETUS, 961. mm. Ventral bifid. i Mcesi<, 962. jj. Ventrals each of a pair of rays. n. Caudal fin exserted, but confluent with anal and dorsal. o. Head sealy. p. Preopercle with small spines at its angle, opercle with 1 spine. NEOBYTHITES, 963. pp. Preopercle unarmed. q. Opercle with 2 spines; ventrals close together. BENTHOCOMETES, 964. qq. Opercle with 1 strong spine; ventrals far apart. BASSOGIGAS, 965. nn. Caudal not confluent with vertical fins, but without distinct peduncle; teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines in villiform bands; preopercle unarmed; head scaly. r. Opercle with a flat spine; snout much pro- duced and dilated; lateral line very indistinct (or absent ?). BARATHRODEMUS, 966. rr. Opercle a triangular flap, unarmed; lower pectoral rays prolonged, the lowest filamentous. NEMATONUS, 967. iii. Lateral line represented by 3 rows of pores—dorsal, lat- eral, and ventral; head with spines. s. Ventrals of 2 distinct rays; opercular spine moder- ate, straight. PoROGADUS, 968. ss. Ventrals each of 2 united rays, opercular spines strong, curved. PENOPUS, 969. hh. Pectorals with the lower rays differentiated. t. Preopercle armed with 3 spines; opercle armed with 1 spine; lateral line obsolete posteriorly ; ventrals bifid. DICROLENE, 970. tt. Preopercle unarmed; a single spine on opercle; lateral line absent (2); ventrals each a pair of filaments, closely united throughout. Mrixonvs, 971. APHYONINE: gg. Ventrals inserted on humeral symphysis; lateral line obsolete (in almost every case); ventrals each of asingle filament; body naked; notochord persistent. u. Eye visible through the skin; a few fang-like teeth on vomer and mandible. BARATHRONUS, 972. uu. Eye not visible; no teeth on maxillary or palatines ; teeth on yomer rudimentary, those on mandible small. APHYONUS, 973. 2500 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 953- BROTULA, Cuvier. (BROTULAS. ) Brotula, Cuvier, Régne, Anim., Ed. 2, 11, 296, 1829 (barbata). Body elongate, compressed, covered with minute smooth scales; eye moderate; mouth medium, with villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and pala- tines; lower jaw included; each jaw with 3 barbels on each side. Dorsal fin long and low, the dorsal and anal joined to the caudal. Ventral fins each reduced to a single filament of 1 ray. Eight branchiostegals. Air bladder large, with 2 horns posteriorly. One pyloric ceca. Vertebrie 16+39—55. Tropical seas, in water of moderate depth. (Brétula, Span- ish name ofBrotula barbata.) 2870. BROTULA BARBATA (Bloch & Schneider). (BROTULA.) Head 43; depth about 5. D. 123; A. 93; V.1. Upper jaw the longer. Ventral fin }.as long as head. Dorsal commencing behind vertical from root of pectoral; vertical fins covered with thick skin. Color nearly uni- form brown. Length 12 to 18 inches. West Indies; rare; in water of moderate depth. One specimen obtained by us in the market of Havana. (barbatus, bearded.) Brétula, PARRA, Dif. Piezas Hist. Nat., 70, lam. 31, fig. 2, 1780, Havana. Enchelyopus barbatus, BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 52,1801; after PARRA. Brotula barbata, Cuvier, Régne Anim., Ed. 2, 11, 296, 1829; PoEy, Memorias, 1, 102, lam. 9, fig. 2, 1860; GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 371, 1862. 954. STYGICOLA, Gill. Stygicola, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 252 (dentatus). This genus differs from Lucifuga in the presence of palatine teeth. The teeth in the jaws are larger. As in Lucifuga, the single known species inhabits cavestreamsin Cuba. (67Ué, Styx, the river of the lower regions; colo, I inhabit.) 2871. STYGICOLA DENTATUS (Poey). Head 22; depth 33. D.90; A. 70; P.17; V.1. Vertebre 11-++-37=48. Eyes usually wanting, occasionally represented by a rudiment; head ele- vated at the nape, the general form less slender than in Lucifuga, the belly more prominent; no scales on the nape; strong teeth, well separated, on the palatines as well as the vomer; teeth in the jaws larger than in Luci fuga; posterior with a large apophysis. Color translucent violet, with darker areas on nape and throat. Caves of the province of San Antonio, in southern Cuba. Largest specimen 5 inches long. (Poey.) (dentatus, toothed. ) Incifuga dentatus, PoEy, Memorias, 1, 102, 1860, Cave of Cajio (Coll. Noda), Cave of Castle La Industria (Coll. Dubroca), Cave of Ashton (Col]. Fabre); GiNTHER, Cat., IV, 373, 1862. : Stygicola dentata, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 252. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2501 955. LUCIFUGA, Poey. (CUBAN BLINDFISH.) Lucifuga, POEY, Memorias, I, 95, 1860 (subterraneus). Body moderately elongate, translucent pinkish, covered with minute seales. Eye rudimentary, covered by the skin; bands of villiform teeth in the jaws and vomer, none on the palatines; nostrils 2 on each side; no barbels; head with small tactile cirri; no spines on head; gills 4; no pseudobranchi ; gill opening large, extending forward nearly to the sym- physis, the gill membranes not united; branchiostegals 7 or 8; vertical fins low, united around the tail; ventrals each reduced to a short thin fila- ment; male with an anal papilla, no pyloric ceca; air bladder large, rounded behind, joined to the base of the skull. Cave streams of Cuba; the eyes having undergone a degeneration similar to that seen in Ambly- opsis. These fishes have no relation to the blind cave fishes of North America, but are derived from marine types, their ancestors being evi- dently allies of Ogilbia and Brotula. It is known that blindfishes are found also in caves of the islands of Jamaica, but no specimens have been seen by naturalists. (lux, light; fugo, I flee.) 2872. LUCIFUGA SUBTERRANEUS, Poey. (PEZ CIEGO.) Head 22; depth 33. Branchiostegals 7. D.70; A.70; P.51; V.1; C.9. Vertebre 11+36—47. Body elongate, compressed, tapering, pointed; head low at nape, much depressed anteriorly, broad, covered with soft, white, wrinkled skin, with microscopie cirri, having firm and conical tubes; no barbels on lips or chin; skin of head with many pores; scales not ciliate, present on body and top of head and on opercles; lateral line median, marked by a series of microscopic cirri like those on head, these wanting posteriorly; eyes wanting; nasal openings double; mouth large; lower jaw shorter; lips fleshy; maxillary broad at tip, % length of head; teeth in jaws very short and sharp, in a band; vomerine teeth larger; no palatine teeth; pharyngeal teeth slender; tongue smooth; gill openings large; males with an anal papilla; fin rays simple, flexible, jomted but not branched; dorsal beginning at a point about 4+ nearer tip of snout than tip of caudal; anal smaller, beginning farther back, the 2 fins fully joined to the pointed caudal; pectoral fin short, faleate, nearly + head; ventral in front of pectoral, a slender ray not $ length of maxillary. Color trans- parent rosy, head reddish, becoming darker in alcohol. No pyloric ceca; intestines short; air bladder large. Described from 12 specimens, the longest about 44 inches; found in caves of the jurisdiction of San Antonio, in the southern part of Cuba. (Poey.) (sub, under; terra, earth.) Iwueifuga subterraneus, Porky, Memorias, 1, 96, 1860, San Antonio, Cuba (Coll. D. Tran- quilino) ; Sandaliode Noda (Coll. D. Juan Antonio Fabre) ; first coll. from Cajio Cave, 1831 (Noda); second, Cave at La Industria (Coll. Dubroca); third, Ashton Cave, San Andreas (Coll. Fabre); fourth, Cave of the Dragon (Coll. Fabre); fifth, Cave at the Castle of Concord (Coll. Layunta). 2502 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 956. BROSMOPHYCIS, Gill. . Brosmophycis, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 168 (marginatus). Halias, AYRES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1861, 52 (marginatus) ; preoccupied. Body elongate, moderately compressed; head unarmed; snout not long; teeth sharp, curved, in bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; small cilia above snout and on anterior part of lower jaw. Body covered with thin cycloid scales; scales on head rudimentary or wanting. Caudal fin differ- entiated, entirely separated from the dorsal and anal; caudal peduncle slender. California. This genus is very close to Ogilbia, differing in the. ciliated lips. Its species reaches a larger size. (Brosmius; Phycis.) 2873. BROSMOPHYCIS MARGINATUS (Ayres). Head 44 in body; depth 64. D.92; A. 70; eye 74 in head; snout 44; maxillary 2; pectoral 13; caudal 3; body elongate, moderately compressed ; snout blunt; profile of head straight from snout; snout scarcely over- hanging mouth; jaws subequal, the teeth conical, sharp, and slightly curved back, in bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; maxillary reaching } the eye’s diameter beyond eye; snoutand lower jaw thickly covered with small cilia; head naked with the exception of small scales above; 2 large pores at tip of chin, a few large ones around preopercle and preorbital, 1 around gill opening, behind which is a pocket in the skin; about 3 short gill rakers developed below the angle of first arch, with many rough plates, not differentiated from those on the other arches. Dorsal and anal long and low, the rays embedded in the skin; tips of last rays each beyond the base of the caudal about 4 the length of caudal rays; distance of front of dorsal from snout 3; in length of body; origin of anal a little nearer base of caudal than tip of snout; pectoral reaching about half way from its base to front of anal; ventrals developed as long filaments; can- dal slender and rounded behind. Color bright reddish brown; fins edged with bright rose-red. Coast of California, in water of moderate depth; rare. Here described from a specimen, 12 inches in length, collected off San Francisco by Mr. W.G. W. Harford. (marginatus, edged.) Brosmius marginatus, AYRES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., I, 1854, 13, San Francisco (Coll. W. O. Ayres); GIRARD, Pac. R. R. Surv., X, Fishes, 141, 1858. Brosmophycis marginatus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 168; Git, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 280. Halias marginatus, AYRES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., pt. 2, 1861, 52. Dinematichthys marginatus, GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., Iv, 375; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 796, 1883. 957- OGILBIA, Jordan & Evermann. Ogilbia, JORDAN & EVERMANN, in EVERMANN & KENDALL, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1897 (February 9, 1898), 132 (cayorwm). Body moderately elongate, covered with minute, smooth, embedded scales; sides of head with similar scales; lateral line inconspicuous; opercle with a very small spine, preopercle unarmed; no strong hook on maxillary; no barbels nor cilia; teeth in jaws in bands, similar teeth on 2 Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2503 vomer and palatines; caudal free from the dorsal and anal; lower lip with- out cirri; dorsal and anal rays covered by the skin, ventrals each reduced to a filament of 2 rays; anal papilla of the male without horny claspers. Small fishes of the tropical shores of America, living in rock pools and shallows among alge. This genusis closely allied to the East Indian genus Dinematichthys, differing in the absence of anal papilla and claspers and in the shorter vertical fins. (Named for J. Douglas Ogilby, the accom- plished naturalist of the museum of Sydney, in recognition of his excel- lent work on the fishes of Australia. ) a. Snout very short, about 7 in head; eye small, 10 or 11 in head; scales small, obscure, snout very short, 63 in head. ; VENTRALIS, 2874. aa. Snout longer, about 4 in head; eye about 83 in head; scales larger, distinct. CAYORUM, 2875. 2874. OGILBIA VENTRALIS (Gill). Head 44 in body; depth 54. D. 64; A. 50; scales about 100; eye 10 or 1lin head; maxillary 2; pectoral 13; caudal 13. Body elongate, moder- ately compressed; snout blunt, the profile behind snout nearly straight to occiput; mouth large, the maxillary extending 2 or 3 times the eye’s diam- eter behind eye; teeth small, in bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; eye very small, nearer snout than posterior end of maxillary; no ciliaon snout and chin; body apparently naked to the unaided eye; but body and top of the head covered with small scales, which can be seen by the aid of a lens. Origin of dorsal distant from tip of snout by a space contained 34 times in body; front of anal about midway between tip of snout and base of caudal; tips of last dorsal and anal rays reaching about to the middle of caudal rays, but not connected; pectorals scarcely reaching midway between their base and the front of anal; ventrals filamentous; caudal slender and rounded behind. Color in spirits, light brown above, lighter below; fins all colorless; without distinct marking anywhere. Gulf of California; not rare in rock pools; several specimens, 2 to 4 inches in length taken by us at Mazatlan. Here described from a specimen, 2 inches in length, from La Paz Harbor, Lower California. (ventralis, pertaining to the belly.) Brosmophycis ventralis, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Sci. Phila. 1863, 253, Cape San Lucas. (Coll. Xantus.) Dinematichthys ventralis, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sei. 1895, 502, pl. 54. 2875. OGILBIA CAYORUM, Evermann & Kendall. Head 4; depth 43; eye 84; snout 4. D. about 68; A. about 50; scales about 14-87-15; maxillary 14; pectoral 14; ventral 14; caudal 24. Body moderately elongate, compressed; head moderate, snout blunt; mouth large, jaws subequal, maxillary extending beyond vertical of eye a dis- tance nearly equal to length of snout; eye very small, high up, situated in anterior third of head; nostril small, close toeye; teeth small, in bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; back elevated, strongly arched from snout to origin of dorsal fin, thence descending in a nearly straight line to base of caudal; ventral outline comparatively straight, slightly concave at front of anal. Dorsal and anal long and low, distinct from caudal, the 2504 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. posterior rays longest, about 3} in head, base of each scaled; distance from tip of snout to origin of dorsal about 3 in length of body; origin of anal under about twenty-second dorsal ray, equidistant between tip of snont and base of caudal; scales very small, embedded, but showing distinctly under a lens; cheek and opercles partially covered with minute, embedded scales; top of head naked; opercle with a large, flat, flexible spine on level with eye. No barbels, cilia, nor tubercles ; 2 large mucous pores at symphysis of lower jaw and 2 on preorbitals near anterior edge on each side; a row of 5 or 6 pores on lower jaw and edge of preopercle. Color uniform pale oliva- ceous or light brown, finely punctate with minute brown specks. Key West. Only the type known, an example, 2} inches long, seined on a shoal covered with alge at Key West. (Cayo Hueso, or Bone Key, the original Spanish name for the Island of Key West, whence the name cayorum, of the keys.) Ogilbia cayorum, EVERMANN & KENDALL, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Feb. 9, 1898), 132, pl. 9, fig. 14, Key West, Florida. (Type, No. 48792. Coll. Evermann & Kendall.) 958. BYTHITES, Reinhardt. Bythites, REINHARDT, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Afhandl., vil, 1838, 178 (fusews). Body elongate, covered with minute scales. Head large, thick; mouth large; jaws equal; no barbel; bands of teeth in the jaws and on vomer and palatines. Branchiostegals 8; gill membranes united, free from the isthmus; eyes moderate. Lateral line interrupted. Vertical fins united; ventral fins reduced to simple filaments, each composed of 2 rays closely united. Air bladder large; 2 pyloric exca. A thick, conical, anal papilla (in the male). Greenland. (/v§irys, an animal of the depths, from [09105, the deep.) 2876. BYTHITES FUSCUS, Reinhardt. Head about 4; depth 41. Body somewhat compressed, lipariform; snout obtuse, naked, with minute cirri. Mandible long, curved, extending far behind vertical from posterior margin of orbit; eye small; scales moderate on body; lateral line complete, but interrupted over vent, the two parts slightly overlapping the same vertical; vertical fins confluent, enveloped in thick skin; pectorals broad, lanceolate, with broad base; ventrals fili- form, reaching behind origin of pectoral, as long as pectoral and % as long as head; a conspicuous anal papilla in the male. The only known speci- men, now in the museum at Copenhagen, was obtained in Greenland half a century ago. (Goode & Bean.) ( fuscus, dusky.) Bythites fuscus, REINHARDT, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Afh., vit, 1838, 178, Greenland; Gin- THER, Cat., IV, 375, 1863; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 795, 1883; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 316, 1896. 959. CATA TYX, Giinther. Catetyx, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, xxu, 104, 1887 (messieri). Body compressed, elongate, covered with very small and thin scales; lateral line indistinct, interrupted. Head oblong, with somewhat pointed snout, covered with very small scales, only the anterior part of the snout Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2505 naked; bones of the head rather firm, but with the muciferous system well developed, the canals having wide openings along the infraorbital, and on the lower limb of the preoperculum; eye rather small; nostrils far apart, the posterior in front of the eye and the anterior at the extremity of the snout; operculum with a spine behind; no other armature on the head; snout not swollen, but the upper jaw slightly overlapping the lower; barbels none; mouth wide; bands of villiform teeth in the jaws, on the vomer, and the palatine bones; a series of larger teeth along the sides of the lower jaw; tail not much attenuated; vertical fins confluent; ventrals close together, reduced to a pair of fine, simple filaments, and inserted somewhat behind the isthmus, below the middle of the operculum. Gills 4, with short, broad gill rakers and well developed lamin ; pseudobran- chiew none; branchiostegals 8; pyloric appendages. Deep seas. Two species known. (xaraz, at the bottom; rvéis, ruyyavw, find.) 2877. CATETYX RUBRIROSTRIS, Gilbert. Depth of body below origin of dorsal equals + distance from end of snout to vent, 7 in length; head 4; distance from snout to origin of dorsal 3}; from snout to vent 2}; maxillary extending beyond eye, 2? in head; eye equaling snout, 54; interorbital width 7; width of snout 3}. Teeth in upper jaw in a narrow band, minute, compressed, narrowly triangular, none of them enlarged; in the lower jaw a still narrower band of similar teeth, the posterior row slightly enlarged and increasing a little in size on sides of jaw, where it is accompanied by a single series only of the smaller teeth; this lateral series is continued backward far beyond pre- maxillary band; teeth on vomer and palatines similar to those in sides of lower jaw, the former in a V-shaped patch, the latter in a long and very narrow band. Anterior nostril in a short tube at tip of snout, the pos- terior large, without tube, immediately in front of eye; system of mucous pores well developed but not conspicuous, the pores collapsing on account of the thinness of the skin covering head; large mucous tube below eye, extending around front of snout and opening by slit-like pores along edge of snout and lower margin of infraorbital flap, opening posteriorly by a vertical slit 4 as long as pupil, immediately above end of maxillary; another series of pores along mandible and at edge of expanded limb of preopercle; no other evident pores. Angle of preopercle much ex- panded, its width equaling diameter of pupil; a sharp, strong spine arising from anterior portion of opercle, the structure of the gill flap ap- parently like that of Bassogigas stelliferoides; a short, sharp spine directed backward immediately behind posterior nostril; no other spines on head; gill openings wide, continuing forward to below posterior margin of orbit, the membranes wholly free from the isthmus; gill rakers short but not very broad, about 4 length of pupil, only 2 or 3 developed immediately in front of angle of arch. Dorsal beginning over or slightly behind middle of pectorals, the distance from its origin to occiput equaling or somewhat exceeding distance of latter from tip of snout; dorsal and anal fully united to caudal. The caudal has a base of appreciable width, bearing about 12 close-set rays, which extend much beyond tips of last dorsal and 3030-——80 2506 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. anal rays; origin of anal nearer snout than base of caudal; ventrals slender, each consisting of a single ray, inserted very near together, under anterior portion of opercle, their length about equaling that of maxillary; pectorals with about 23 rays, evenly rounded behind, their length 1} in head. Scales very small, cycloid, regularly imbricated, in about 135 transverse series; nape and belly scaled, as is also the head, excepting snout, mandible, suborbital, and sometimes interorbital areas. Color dusky olive, the ventrals white, the other fins black, at least on distal portions; opercles, gill membranes, sides and top of snout, and posterior portion of abdomen blue black; snout flushed with dark ruby red in life; lining membrane of mouth and gill cavity, and peritoneum jet-black. Closely related to C. messieri, differing in the shorter, broader snout, the wider preopercle, the more anterior origin of anal, and apparently in the gill rakers and pores on head. Off coast of California. Four specimens known, the longest 44 inches in length. (Gilbert.) (ruber, red; rostrum, snout. ) Catetyx rubrirostris, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 111, off coast of California, at Albatross Stations 2909, 2925, and 2936, in 205to 359 fathoms. (Type, No. 44379.) 960. DICROMITA, Goode & Bean. Dicromita, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 319, 1896 (agassizit). Brotulids resembling in form and general appearance Catetyx and Diap_ lacanthopoma, having the lateral line obsolete, or interrupted posteriorly ; ventrals a pair of simple, fine filaments, and with teeth upon the palatines. It has, however, 3 or 4 small spines upon the preoperculum, as well as asharp spine upon the upper angle of the operculum; and the lateral line, though indistinct, is traceable for 4 or ? the length of the body, which, like the upper part of the head, is covered with small, deciduous scales, the oper- cular region being apparently scaleless, and the bones of the suborbital region almost uncovered, with conspicuous sinuses, which show through the transparent texture of the surface. Head oblong; snout somewhat produced, depressed, and turgid, resembling, though in a less degree, that of Barathrodemus. Eye moderate, conspicuous. Mouth wide; teeth villi- form, in bands on the jaws and palatines, and very minute upon the vomer, which has a roughened, knob-like enlargement at its angle. Vent pre- median. Ventral fins confluent; ventrals rooted very close together, each reduced to a fine, flexible, simple filament, planted somewhat behind the isthmus and below the middle of the operculum. Gills 4, with well-devel- oped lamin and rather long, slender gill rakers. Branchiostegals 8. Pseudobranchie apparently absent. (dzxpos, forked; piros, thread.) 2878. DICROMITA AGASSIZII, Goode & Bean. Body elongate, much compressed, its height about } of its total length, its width about } its greatest height; head slightly greater than height of body, about twice its own width; mouth very large, the maxillary curved and much dilated at its extremity, reaching far behind the vertical from the posterior margin of orbit; jaws nearly equal, the snout considerably Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2507 produced and dilated, its length equal to diameter of eye and } length of head. Teeth very fine, villiform, in bands on jaws and palatines, and also present on vomer, though very small, especially upon the rounded, globu- lar process of the angle. Lateral line very indistinct, interrupted, but extending behind the vent at least 4+ of the way to tip of tail. Dorsal origin nearly in vertical from the axil of the pectoral; ventrals very slen- der, villiform, closely approximate at their roots, and less than } as long as the head. Color brownish. A specimen was obtained by the Blake off Granada, Station XCIII, at a depth of 291 fathoms. The collateral type was obtained by the Albatross at Station 2374, in lat. 29° 11’ 30’’ N., long. 85° 29’ W., at a depth of 26 fathoms. (Goodé & Bean.) (Named for Prof. Alexander Agassiz. ) Dicromita agassizii, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 319, fig. 285, 1896, off Granada, in 291 fathoms (Coll. the Blake) ; Lat. 29° 11/30’ N.,§Long. 85° 29’ W., in 26 fathoms, (Coll. Albatross.) (Type in M.C. Z.) 961. BASSOZETUS, Gill. Bathynectes, GUNTHER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,11,1878, 20 (compressus) ; name preoccupied in Crustacea. Bassozetus, GILL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 59 (normalis). Bathyonus, GOODE & BEAN, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., vim, 1886, 603 (catena). Body compressed, with long tapering tail, covered with deciduous thin scales of moderate size. Bones of the head very soft and cavernous, the upper opercular spine very feeble, ridge-like; no other armature of the head. Head scaly, except the snout, which is obtusely rounded off, with the jaws equal or nearly equal in front. Mouth very wide; bands of villi- form teeth in the jaws, on the vomer, and palatine bones. Barbels none. Eye small; anterior nostril about midway between the posterior and the extremity of the snout. Vertical fins confluent; ventrals close together, reduced to a pair of simple filaments, and inserted below the rounded angle of the preoperculum. Gills 4, with short gill lamin, but with long stiff gill rakers on the first branchial arch. Pseudobranchiwe none. Branchi- ostegals 8. Pyloric appendages none. (faddwr, for Satis, deep; Cnréa, seek. ) a. Body moderately elongate, the depth 9 to 10 in length; dorsal rays 116; anal 92 to 96. b. Head 6 in length.’ NORMALIS, 2879. bb. Head about 74 in length. COMPRESSUS, 2880. aa. Body more elongate, the depth 124 in length; head 83; head with conspicuous, chain- like rows of pores. CATENA, 2881. aaa. Body excessively attenuate, the depth more than 16 times in length: dorsal rays 138; anal 115; distance from snout to vent nearly 4 times in body. TZENIA, 2882. 2879. BASSOZETUS NORMALIS, Gill. Head 6 in total length; eye4insnout. D.116; A.96. Body much com- pressed, its width in the region of vent not more than } of its height, which at the same point is about } of the total length; greatest height of body, over the origin of the pectorals, about } the distance from base of pectorals to vent, the vent being about twice as distant from base of 2508 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, caudal rays as from snout. Head moderately compressed, flat above; snout obtuse rounded, turgid; lower jaw considerably included. Bones of head not completely ossified, very cavernous in the alcoholic specimen, the head showing many deep sinuosities and depressions. Eye very small, situated about midway between the tip of the snout and the vertical from the posterior end of maxillary. Teeth all small and short, densely set, forming narrow, villiform bands; vomerine band open V-shaped. Dorsal fin beginning far in advance of origin of pectoral and above upper angle of gill opening, rays longest in region of vent; anal beginning imme- diately behind vent, its rays not quite so long as those of dorsal; pectoral with broad base, short, not exceeding much more than halfway to vertical from vent, its length considerably less than that of postorbital portion of head. Ventral rays very slender, villiform, reaching almost to vent, far beyond pectoral, their length almost equal to that of head. Scales mod- erate, very deciduous, extending upon cheeks and on top of head almost to tip of snout; no evidence of a lateral line. Color light, the head and abdomen blackish; inside of mouth purplish brown. The blake secured specimens from Station CCIV, in lat. 24° 33’ N., at a depth of 1,920 fathoms, and from Station LXXXIV, off Dominica, in 1,131 fathoms. The Albatross also obtained examples (No. 49416, U. S. Nat. Mus.) from Station 2380, in Lat. 28° 02' 30’ N., Long. 87° 48’ 45’ W., at a depth of 1,430 fathoms; (No. 33306, U.S. Nat. Mus. ) from Station 2042, in lat. 39° 33’ N., Long. 68° 26’ 45” W., at a depth of 1,555 fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) West Indies, Gulf of Mexico, and to lat. 40° N., in region of the Gulf Stream. (normalis, normal.) Bassozetus normalis, GILL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 259, Lat. 39° 33’ N., Long. 68° 26! 45” W., in 1,555 fathoms (Type, No. 33306. Coll. Albatross); GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 322, fig. 287, 1896. 2880. BASSOZETUS COMPRESSUS (Ginther). D.116; A.92; P.23; V.1. The greatest depth of the body is above the end of the gill cover and about 4 length of trunk; vent twice as distant from extremity of tail as from snout, consequently the tail is more mod- erately attenuated. Head compressed like the body, and about } length of trunk; superficial bones form large muciferous cavities which, when full, must give to the head a much more evenly rounded appearance than in the preserved state, when the supporting bony ridges project more or less from under the skin. Snout slightly swollen, but the jaws nearly even in front, the wide mouth slightly ascending forward; maxillary with the form usual in these Gadoid fishes, dilated behind, and extending far behind the eye. Eye very small, + length of snout, and ;'; that of head, placed high up on the side, and not possessing an orbital fold of integu- ment; interorbital space rather convex and equal in width to 3 diameters of eye. Teeth all very small, short, densely set, and forming villiform bands, the broadest on maxillary bone and quite uncovered on the sides, no labial folds being developed; palatine band broader than the man- dibulary, and the vomerine band V-shaped, each arm being bent with the convexity inward. Gill opening and cavity very wide and of an intense black; gill rakers much longer than the laminz, 15 in number on Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2509 the anterior arch, besides some rudimentary ones above. Dorsal fin com- mencing above upper end of gill opening, with short rays partly hidden in the skin, becoming longer in middle of fin, but remaining of moderate length; anal shorter; pectoral with a rather narrow base, quite free, and composed of feeble rays, its length only 4 that of head; ventral rays very feeble, reaching somewhat beyond the root of pectoral. In the specimens examined only very few of the thin, cycloid scales have been preserved; they are of moderate size, there being about 16 in a transverse series run- ning from the vent to the dorsal fin; the lateral line, if it was developed, can no longer be traced. Blackish, with the fins, head, and abdomen black. Specimens of this very fine and truly bathybial fish were obtained at great depths on the southeast of New Guinea, off the Philippine Islands, and in the mid-Atlantic; the exact localities being 75 miles east-southeast of Raine Island, Station 184, depth 1,400 fathoms; two specimens, 17 and 4i inches long. Philippine Islands, Station 205, depth 1,050 fathoms; one specimen, 54 inches long. Mid-Atlantic, Station 107, depth 1,500 fathoms; one specimen, 54 inches long. The young are extremely similar to the old, but have a larger eye, which is 4 of length of head. The specimen from Station 205 (Philippine Islands) has longer ventral filaments, extending nearly to the vent. (Giinther.) (compressus, compressed.) Bathynectes compressus, GUNTHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., i, 1878, 20, Challenger Station 107, mid-Atlantic, in 1,500 fathoms. (Coll. Challenger.) Bathyonus compressus, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, XXII, 109, 1887. Bassozetus compressus, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 322, 1896. 2881. BASSOZETUS CATENA, Goode & Bean. Head 8%; depth 14 in head or 12} in body; eye 5; snout 5; interorbital width 5. Body very elongate, much compressed, and tapering into a slender, whip-like tail. Head without spines, very cavernous, not much compressed, higher than body. Interorbital area somewhat convex. The muciferous channel upon the infraorbital ring shows in its course several wide subcireular sinuses, closely approximated; a similar row upon the posterior edge of the preoperculum and continued forward upon the under surface of the mandible; the vertex also has a semicircle of similar sinuses. Maxillary extending beyond vertical through posterior margin of orbit, its length equal to that of postorbital part of head; mandible } as long as head and equal in length to height of body; jaws, vomer, and palate with bands of villiform teeth, the vomerine band V-shaped. Nostrils in front of middle of eye, separated by a slight interspace, the anterior nearer to its mate than to tip of snout. Branchiostegals 8; pseudobranchie absent. Gill rakers long and numerous, the longest slightly exceeding diameter of eye, 15 developed below angle of first arch, besides several rudiments; dorsal origin slightly behind that of pectoral, its distance from tip of snout about 7} in total, rays well developed; in the anterior + of the fin, in a space equal to length of head, were counted 20 rays, the long- est of which is ? as long as head; anal origin under twenty-first dorsal ray, its rays shorter than those of dorsal; pectoral extending to vertical from eighteenth ray of dorsal, # as long as head; ventrals composed each 2510 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. of a simple filament, the origin slightly in advance of vertical through pec- toral origin, the length } that of head, not reaching nearly to vent, the dis- tance of which from origin of ventrals is slightly greater than length of head. Color brownish yellow; head and abdomen blackish. Gulf of Mexico, in great depths. Only the type known, 237 mm. long. (catena, chain, from the arrangement of the mucous cavities on the head.) " Bassozetus catena, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 603, Lat. 28° oo! 15/’ N., Long. 87° 42' W., in 1,467 fathoms (Type, No. 37341. Coll. Albatross) ; GiNTHER, Chal- lenger Report, XX, 111, 1887; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 323, fig. 286, 1896. 2882. BASSOZETUS TENIA (Giinther). D. 138; A.115; P.30; V.1. The greatest depth of the body is below the origin of the dorsal fin and about 4 of the length of the trunk, the vent being not quite thrice as distant from the extremity of the tail as from the snout; therefore, the whole of the fish, and especially the tail, is much attenuated. Head not compressed, low and long, forming + length of trunk. Structure of the bones of the head as in B. compressus. Snout rather swollen and broad, the upper jaw but slightly overlapping the lower; maxillary extending far behind the eye, which is very small, 4 length of snout, about 5; that of head, and } width of interorbital space. Teeth very small and short, densely set, forming narrow, villiform bands; vomerine bands open /A-shaped. Gill cavity deep black; gill rakers long and slender, 16 in number, with some rudimentary ones in front and behind. Dorsal fin commencing above upper end of gill opening, with short rays partly hidden in the skin, the rays becoming longer on the anterior third of tail, but remaining of moderate length, the anal rays still shorter; pectoral with a broad base, quite free, and composed of rather feeble rays, its length equal to that of postorbital portion of head; ventral rays very feeble, reaching nearly to the middle of the pectoral. The scales must have been extremely thin and rather small; there were probably about 20 in a transverse series running from the vent to the dor- sal fin. The lateral line can not be made out. Light colored (possibly pink in life), with the head and abdomen black. Only 1 specimen known of this eminently bathybial fish, obtained in mid-Atlantic (Challenger Station 104) at a depth of 2,500 fathoms. Its total length is 10 inches, (raivia, ribbon.) Bathyonus tenia, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, X x1, 110, 1887, pl. 23, fig. A, mid-Atlantic, Station 104, at a depth of 2,500 fathoms; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichth., 323, 1896. 962. MCEBIA, Goode & Bean. Mebia, GOovE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 331, 1896 (gracilis). Brotulids resembling Bassozetus in general form, excepting that the tail is prolonged in a very slender filament, the dorsal and anal rays being extremely short posteriorly, but positively confluent with the caudal rays, which are much longer and much exserted; ventrals each bifid, instead of a single ray, as in Bassozetus. Head very cavernous, the sinuses large and conspicuous on the infraorbital ring, on the mandible, and the pre- Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2511 operculum. A single, short, feeble spine on the shoulder, but none upon the operculum or preoperculum, though certain projections seem to show above the eye, doubtless due to the shrinkage of the integument upon the underlying projections of the bone. Mouth very wide, the extremity of the maxillary much dilated; posterior nostrils very wide and separated from the eye by a small, spinous projection of bone; teeth in narrow bands, that on the vomer V-shaped, with the 2 arms straight. A few large scales in a row starting from the upper angle of the gill opening and terminating over the axle of the pectoral. Gill rakers on outer arch rather numerous, long and slender. Pseudobranchiwe represented by 2 minute globules. Deep sea; 2 species known. (‘‘Named in honor of Prof. Karl Mobius, director of the Royal Zoological Museum in Berlin, who has added much to our knowledge of marine life by his noble work, Die Fauna der Kielerbucht, and by numerous other writings.”’) 2883. MCEBIA PROMELAS (Gilbert). Head 2 in trunk; depth 3. Body 3} to 3} in tail. Tail produced into a filament, the caudal basis extremely narrow, supporting 5 long slender rays which are firmly bound together. Mouth terminal, large, the maxil- lary much dilated at tip, reaching well behind the eye, 1} in head; lower jaw included, the tip slightly produced. Teeth in villiform bands on mandible, premaxillary, vomer, and palatines, the band on mandible very narrow, that on vomer with the diverging arms much incurved, the ante- rior angle rounded. Tongue toothless, some of the basibranchials form- ing a sharply elevated dentigerous crest. Gill lamin extremely narrow, the gill rakers of outer arch very long and slender, 1 (with 4 rudiments) above angle, 15 below. Infraorbital chain with 6 mucous sinuses, the mandible with 5, preopercle with 5, and a number on top of head; these are all bridged over with very delicate membrane which is easily rup- tured. A row of low, strong spinous points directed posteriorly on the ridge running backward from the eye; no other spines on head, though a number of short spinous points are made evident when the skin is re- moved; opercular spine rather weak.. A distinct membranaceous flap runs along the projecting edge of shoulder girdle, connecting pectorals with upper end of gill flap; pectorals slender, equaling postorbital part of head; ventrals each of a bifid filament, the two branches joined at the base for a very short distance, variable in length, reaching to or nearly to tips of pectorals, usually contained about 14 times in head; dorsal begin- ning a trifle behind base of pectorals, its distance from occiput equaling distance of latter from front of eye. Scales very small, apparently coy- ering a part of top of head; 3 series of large pores on sides; 1 from upper end of gill slit backward parallel with dorsal outline; a second along middle of sides; the third beginning halfway between base of pec- torals and ventral outline, extending backward on belly and along base of anal fin, these lines all somewhat indistinct, and it can not be deter- mined how far they extend backward. Color light brown; head (except occiput), mouth, gill cavity, and abdomen jet-black; fins dusky. This species closely resembles Mebia gracilis (Giinther), from New Guinea, dif- 2512 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. fering in the following respects: Depth 3 in trunk (in gracilis 34); eye 6 in head (in gracilis 54); vomerine patch of teeth with the two arms incurved (U-shaped in gracilis); dorsal fin beginning behind the pectoral (over root of pectoral in gracilis); an additional series of large scales (lateral line) along middle of sides, and another along ventral outline; trunk 24 in tail (23 in gracilis); ventrals shorter, not reaching past tips of pectorals. Five specimens, the largest 94 inches long, from Albatross Sta- tion 3010, at a depth of 1,005 fathoms, in the Gulf of California. (Gil- bert.) (apo, before; wéAas, black.) ; Porogadus promelas, GILBERT, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 547, Gulf of California, in 1,005 fathoms. (Coll. Albatross.) 963. NEOBYTHITES, Goode & Bean. Neobythites, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 600 (gilli). Brotulids having the body elongate, compressed, covered with small scales, and the head also scaled; lateral line incomplete, obsolete poste- riorly. Eye moderate; snout moderate, rounded, slightly produced, the lower jaw slightly included; no barbel. Teeth villiform, in narrow bands in jaws and palatines; vomerine teeth in a V-shaped patch; 2 weak spines at angle of preoperculum, and a stronger one at angle of operculum, Gill openings wide, the membranes deeply cleft and not attached to the isthmus; vertical fins united; ventrals reduced each to a bifid ray. Branchiostegals 8. Pseudobranchize present, but small. Air bladder present. (véos, new; Bythites.) a. Scales about 88 in longitudinal series; depth 43 in length. GILLI, 2884. aa. Scales about 123 in longitudinal series; depth 53 in length; dorsal rays 101. MARGINATUS, 2885. 2884. NEOBYTHITES GILLII, Goode & Bean. Body compressed, its height contained 43 times in total length, and less than length of head; interorbital area convex, its width equal to diameter of circular eye, 3% in length of head, and 14 in length of snout in young. Head compressed, deeper than broad, with wide sinuses, its length con- tained 44 times in that of the body; snout obtusely rounded, slightly produced; mouth large, the maxillary extending considerably behind the vertical through posterior margin of eye, expanded posteriorly ; mandible still longer, its length about 2} times in height of body; interorbital space convex. Teeth in villiform bands in jaws and on palatines; vomer- ine patch subcircular, with angles extended posteriorly. Gill rakers moderately long and slender, somewhat numerous, the longest about $ diameter of eye, 11 developed and 3 rudiments below the angle. Pseudo- branchie absent; gill opening wide, the membrane deeply cleft, free from the isthmus behind. A single long, flat spine attached to posterior portion of operculum, high up, extending back to its edge; a small hidden spine at lower angle of preoperculum. Nostrils small, the anterior one in a very short tube, almost upon tip of snout; posterior nostril slightly larger, not tubular, immediately in front of middle of eye. Scales mod- Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2513 rd erate, upon head and body, in 88 vertical rows, 7 rows between dorsal origin and lateral line, which becomes obsolete in its posterior half, 16 or 17 from vent forward to lateral line; dorsal origin behind that of ventral and pectoral, its distance from snout contained 4 times in total length, its rays moderately long; anal origin under eighteenth dorsal ray, its dis- tance from snout contained 24 times in body length, rays rather slenderer than those in the dorsal; caudal rays 6 or 7 in number, their length con- tained 9 times in total length, not differentiated from those of the adja- cent fins; pectoral origin well forward, its base somewhat concealed by the flap of the operculum, its length about equal to }% that of head; ventrals each a bifid ray, the inner filament the longer, inserted slightly in advance of the base of the pectoral, not far from humeral symphysis, and reaching nearly to vent, its length nearly equal to height of body ; distance from origin of ventral to vent slightly greater than height of body; color light yellow, with silvery reflections, with cloudings of brown above lateral line and numerous black chromatophores; a series of irregular brown blotches above the lateral line, with 1 or 2 much darker, extending upon the dorsal fin. In many specimens the color is uniform yellow, with simply the dark ocelli showing. (Goode & Bean.) Atlantic, in rather deep water, from Gulf Stream to the coast of Brazil. (Named for Dr. Theodore Gill.) Neobythites gillii, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 601, Lat. 28° 36’ N., Long. 85° 33’ W., in 111 fathoms (Type, No. 37340. Coll. Albatross); GUNTHER, Challenger Report, XxiI, 103, 1887; GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichth., 325, fig. 289, 1896. Neobythites ocellatus, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, xxu, 103, pl. 21, fig. B, 1887, off Per nambuco, in 350 fathoms. 2885. NEOBYTHITES MARGINATUS, Goode & Bean. Head 43 in total length; depth 5j. D.101; scales 7-123-29. Body com- pressed, somewhat elongate; interorbital area convex, its width greater than the diameter of the circular eye. Mouth large, the maxillary extend- ing considerably behind vertical through posterior margin of orbit, its length 2in head; mandible slightly more*than } height of body. Teeth as in N. gillit. Gillrakers slightly longer than 4 the diameter of eye, 7 and 3 rudiments below the angle of the anterior arch. Pseudobranchize absent. A long flat spine upon the upper edge of the operculum, extend- ing back nearly to its margin; 2 short, flat spines upon the angle of the preoperculum. Nostrils as in N. gillii. Scales small, very closely imbricated, the lateral line obsolete in its posterior half. Distance of dorsal origin from snout 4 times in total length; anal origin under four- teenth dorsal ray, at a distance from the snout 2} times in total length. Caudal of about 8 or 9 rays, very closely placed, about 104 times in total length; pectoral placed much as in Benthocometes, its length about 2} times that of the head, extending to vertical through the vent; ventral a bifid ray inserted in advance of base of pectoral, not reaching to the vent, its length considerably less than height of body ; distance of ventral origin from vent slightly more than height of body. Color light yellowish brown, an obscure narrow band of darker brown commencing on the snout, inter- rupted by the eye, and extending. backward % distance to tail; another beginning on the snout, extending over eye and back as far as first described, interrupted posteriorly; dorsal fin milky white at base in its anterior third; above this a blackish band extending whole length of fin; a narrow white margin above. The type is from Blake Station LX XIX, off Barbados, in 209 fathoms. (marginatus, edged.) Neobythites marginatus, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5,162, 1883 off Bar- bados, in 209 fathoms (Coll. Blake); GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 326, fig. 290, 1896. 964. BENTHOCOMETES, Goode & Bean. Benthocometes, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 327, 1896 (robustus). Brotulids, similar in appearance and structure to Neobythites and Basso- gigas, distinguished by 2 short flat spines upon the anterior portion of the operculum, placed at some distance from each other, and by the absence of spines on the preoperculum. The lateral line is complete, and extends without interruption to the posterior fourth of the body, where it becomes obsolete. The vomerine teeth are bunched in a circular patch instead of being arranged in triangular form. The head is comparatively short, with the jaws in front nearly equal; the snout not produced, but obtuse, rounded, and almost declivous in its outline. Deep sea. Two species known. (fév6os, the depths; 7rns, inhabitant.) 2886. BENTHOCOMETES ROBUSTUS, Goode & Bean. Body rather short and deep, its greatest height nearly 43 in total length and about equal to length of head; interorbital area convex, its width greater than diameter of the circular eye, and 1} times length of snout; head about 4 times diameter of eye; mouth moderate, the maxillary extending to vertical through posterior margin of eye, the mandible a little beyond, its length equal to that of postorbital part of head. Teeth in villiform bands in jaws and on palatines; vomerine teeth bunched in a circular patch. Gill rakers moderate,-the longest a little more than twice in - diameter of eye, 4 above angle of first arch, 11 below. Pseudobranchia rudimentary. Gill opening wide, the membrane deeply cleft behind, free from the isthmus. A pairof short flat spines upon the anterior portion of the operculum. Nostrils small, the anterior as close to the snout as the posterior ones are to the eyes; no apparent cirri. Scales mi- nute; lateral line obsolete on the last fourth of body. Dorsal origin behind that of ventral and pectoral, its distance from snout 33 times in body; height of dorsal fin moderate, the longest ray about 3 times in head; anal origin under eighteenth ray of dorsal, the height of fin about equaling that of dorsal; vertical fins not connate with the caudal, which consists of 12 or 13 very slender rays, its length nearly equal to 4 head; pectoral with a broad base, close to gill opening, its length nearly % that of head; ventral a single bifid ray, inserted in advance of vertical through base of pectorals, and not far from humeral symphysis, reaching nearly halfway to vent, the distance of which from the origin of the ven- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2515 tral is equal to length of head. Color yellowish brown. The type of this species, a specimen 88 mm. long, was taken by the Blake from Station XCIV, off Moro Castle, Cuba, at a depth of from 250 to 400 fathoms. A collateral type specimen (No. 29057) was obtained by the ish Hawk from Station 1043 in Lat. 38° 39’ N., Long. 73° 11’ W., at a depth of 130 fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) West Indies, to lat. 39° N., in Gulf stream. (robustus, stout.) Neobythites robustus, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 161, 1883, off Mora Castle, Cuba, in from 250 to 400 fathoms. (Typein M.C.Z. Coll. Blake.) Benthocometes robustus, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 327, fig. 288, 1896. 965. BASSOGIGAS, Gill. Bassogigas, GILL MS. in GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 328, 1896 (gilli). Brotulids having the body elongate, compressed, covered with a thick, heavy skin, which upon the head covers and obscures all the angles of the skull; scales small, covering body and head completely ; lateral line indis- tinct for the greater part of the course, but apparently extending at least 3 of the way from the operculum to the tail; eye moderate; vertical fins completely united; ventrals a pair of bifid filaments inserted behind the humeral symphysis and remote at their bases, short, rather stout; snout without barbels, slightly produced, the lower jaw being barely included, villiform teeth in the jaws, on the vomer and palatines; vomerine patch V-shaped, but with its arms broadly expanded and thicker at the angle, so that it is almost triangular; operculum with a long, sharp spine; preoperculum unarmed; branchiostegals 8; air bladder present; pseudo. branchie small. Deepsea. (fadéwr, for Babvs, deep; viyas, giant.) / a. Dorsal fin with 83 rays; anal 67. GILLIT, 2887, aa. Dorsal fin with 95 rays; anal 82. STELLIFEROIDES, 2888, 2887. BASSOGIGAS G@ILLIL, Goode & Bean. D. 83; C.6; A. 67. Head rather short and broad, with snout slightly overlapping the lower jaw; diameter of the eye scarcely } of the length of the snout and about ;; that of head; maxillary extending far behind eye, the vertical from the anterior margin of orbit nearly bisecting it, itr length 4 that of head, and its posterior margin ending in a broad triangu. lar dilation; teeth normal; anterior and posterior nostrils separated by « space greater than diameter of eye; preoperculum with a square, rounded angle; no armature; operculum with a strong, sharp spine above, the tiy of which projects slightly beyond the opercular flap; distance of vent from root of pectoral slightly more than length of head, as far removed from, this point as is the anterior nostril; scales moderate, covering the entire head; lateral line somewhat conspicuous, obsolete iu its posterior third. Dorsal and anal fins enveloped in thick scaly skin; origin of dorsal in advance of middle of pectoral; pectorals rounded, road, and very short; less than 4 as long as head and extending about } distance from origiL to vertical from vent; ventrals inserted somewhat behind angle of pre operculum, extending to vertical from ayxil of pectoral, and abous J of distance from origin to vent; each ventral filament bifid, the inter 2516 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. part being the longer. Color uniform grayish brown; fins darker. The type of this species was obtained by the Albatross from Station 2684, off Cape Henlopen, Delaware, in Lat. 39° 35’ N., Long. 70° 54’ W., at a depth of 1,106 fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) (Named for Dr. Theodore Gill.) Bassogigas gillii, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 328, fig. 291, 1896, off Cape Hen- lopen, Delaware, in 1,106 fathoms. (Type, No. 39417. Coll. Albatross.) 2888. BASSOGIGAS STELLIFEROIDES (Gilbert). Head 4 to 44 in length; depth 5 to 5}. D. 95; A. 82; scales 110. Phy- siognomy strikingly like that of the Sciwnoid genus Siellifer. Mouth large, oblique, the lower jaw included, maxillary reaching well beyond orbit, + length of head. Teeth uniform, small, in narrow bands, those on yomer in a S \-shaped patch; a. well-developed band on palatines; tongue smooth, a well-developed dentigerous crest on median line behind it; no barbel atsymphysis. Snoutshort, bluntly rounded, about equaling diameter of orbit, slightly overhanging mouth, 5 in head; interorbital width 4; upper limb of preopercle extending obliquely downward and backward, largely adnate, the angle produced into a free membranaceous flap which entirely conceals the narrow interopercle, and bears no spines. The structure of the gill flap does not appear to have been correctly inter- preted. The opercle is strong, but of small extent, forking at its base, 1 branch continued straight backward as a strong spine, the second a narrow flat process downward and somewhat backward, parallel with and little distant from margin of preopercle. Filling the deep notch between these 2 processes, and forming the greater portion of the gill flap, is the thin membranaceous subopercle, Branchiostegal rays 7. Gill rakers long and slender, the longest } diameter of orbit, 7 above angle, 13 and about 5 rudiments below. Nape midway between front of dorsal and front of eye; dorsal and anal similar, uniform, low, joined to base of caudal, the latter truncate, projecting well beyond them; ventrals inserted under angle of preopercle, each of a single ray forked to the very base, the 2 branches united by membrane for a distance equaling } orbit, the inner filaments being longest, } longer than head, and extending well beyond front of anal; pectorals long and narrow, 14 in head; a narrow membranaceous flap con- necting base of pectorals with upper angle of opercular flap. Scales small, well imbricated, entirely investing body and head, including gular mem- ‘brane and part of gill membranes; lateral line nearly complete, lacking for about + lengtk of body, running high, parallel with dorsal outline. Color silvery gray, dusted with coarse black specks, darker along dorsal outline; dorsal and anal with a narrow light streak at base, otherwise dusky, becoming black posteriorly, and with a narrow white margin; caudal black, with a broad white terminal bar; pectorals and ventrals white, with few black specks; peritoneum silvery white; mouth white anteriorly, its posterior portion and gill cavity jet-black. Pacific Ocean, off coast of Lower California. Many specimens from Albatross Station 2996, in 112 fathoms. Length 7inches. (Stellifer, a genus of Seienida ; £7605, resemblance. ) Neobythites stelliferoides, GILBERT, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 112, off Lower California. (Type, No, 44383. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2517 966. BARATHRODEMUS, Goode & Bean. Barathrodemus, GooDE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No.5, 200, 1883 (manatinus). Body brotuliform, much compressed; head compressed; mouth mod- erate. Head unarmed, except for a short flattened spine at upper angle of opercle. Snout long, projecting far beyond premaxillaries, its tip much swollen; jaws subequal in front. Teeth minute, in villiform bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines. No barbels. Anterior nostrils on the outer angles of the dilated snout, circular, each surrounded by a cluster of mucous tubes. Posterior nostrils above front of eye. Gill openings wide, the membranes not united. Gill rakers rather few. Body and head coy- ered with small, thin, scarcely imbricated scales. Dorsal and anal long. Caudal fin separate, long, and slender. Ventrals close together, far in front of pectorals, each reduced to a single bifid ray. Deep-sea fishes. (Bapaspor, a gulf or deep abyss; 470s, people.) 2889. BARATHRODEMUS MANATINUS, Goode & Bean. Head about 6 in total length; depth 74. D.106; A.86; C.2+4+5-+2; P. 18 to 20; V. 1/1; scales about 175. Body much compressed. Dorsal and anal outline approaching at an equal angle the horizontal axis. Scales small, about 175 rows between the branchial opening and the tail, and about 34 rows, counting upward and forward obliquely from the origin of the anal to the dorsal line; lateral line apparently absent. Head con- siderably compressed, with rounded upper surface, its width contained 24 times in its length, its greatest height equaling } its length. Snout slightly longer than the horizontal diameter of the eye, and projecting beyond tip of upper jaw a distance equal to vertical diameter of eye, much dilated and swollen, the anterior pair of nostrils being situated at the most salient angles; snout in general form resembling that of a man- atee, whence the specific name. Mouth moderate, its cleft extending to the vertical from the center of the orbit; length of upper jaw equal to twice horizontal diameter of eye, and contained 24 times in length of head; posterior portion of maxillary considerably expanded; maxillary largely included within a skinny sheath; when the mouth is closed the lower jaw is entirely included within the upper. Vomer and palatine with bands of teeth more than twice as broad as the bands of the inter- maxillaries and on the mandible. Eye elliptical in form, its vertical diameter } of its horizontal, the latter being equal to distance from tip of snout to posterior nostril, and contained 5} times in length of head; dis- tance of eye from dorsal outline equal to + its horizontal diameter, and to ! height of head in a perpendicular through center of eye; interorbital space rounded, its width equal to horizontal diameter of eye. Dorsal fin inserted in the vertical above insertion of pectoral, at a distance from end of snout equal to that of insertion of pectoral; anal inserted under twenty-first to twenty-third dorsal ray, and at a distance from snout about equal to + body length; height of dorsal and anal fins about equal to } height of body at insertion of anal, their bases extending almost to insertion of caudal; caudal composed of 9 rays, the 5 medial ones almost 2518 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. equal in length, though the tip of the tail is slightly rounded, about equal to height of body midway between branchial opening and base of tail; ventrals inserted almost under middle of operculum, in length about equal to } length of head; pectorals inserted under origin of dorsal, and at a distance behind branchial opening equal to } vertical diameter of eye, its length equal to greatest height of the body. Color grayish brown; abdominal region black. (Goode & Bean.) Gulf stream, north of the Bermudas, in 647 to 1,395 fathoms. (Manati, like the manatee or sea cow. ) Barthrodemus manatinus, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 200, 1883, Lat. 33° 35’ 20’ N., Long. 76° W., in 647 fathoms (Type in M. C. Z. Coll. Blake); JORDAN, Cat., 127, 1885; GUNTHER, Challenger Report, xx11, 100, 1887; GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 332, fig. 294, 1896. 967. NEMATONUS, Giinther. Nematonus, GiiNTHER, Challenger Report, XXII, 114, 1887 (pectoralis). Body compressed, with long tapering tail. Bones of head soft, mucif- erous channels moderately developed, and with the integument very thin or absent on the upper portion and snout. Operculum cartilaginous and flat; a broad process near its upper angle corresponding to the opercular spine in some of the related genera, the head otherwise unarmed, though irregular by reason of the cranial bones. Snout much depressed, broad, rounded; jaws equal in front; mouth very wide; bands of villiform teeth in jaws, on vomer and palatines. Barbel none. Eyes small. Vertical fins confluent; ventrals a pair of bifid filaments close together, on the isthmus, close to the humeral symphysis. . Gills 4, with very short laminzw and rather short, incurved, acicular gill rakers on the first arch, and much shorter, less numerous, spatulate ones on the 3 other arches. Pseudobran- chie rudimentary. No traces of a lateral line, though the body is covered with scales of considerable size, almost as large as the eye, and the cheek with others still larger. Nematonus differs from Porogadus not only in the absence of spines upon the head, as Giinther has indicated, but in the much less ossified opercular apparatus, in the shorter and thicker head, in the absence of the 3 series of pores simulating lateral lines, and in the tendency to prolongation in the lower rays of the pectoral, which increase from the uppermost to the lowermost in Nematonus, while Porogadus has a lanceolate fin, and also in the extreme exsertion of the caudal rays. (vAua, thread; Onus, the rockling.) 2890. NEMATONUS PECTORALIS, Goode & Bean. D.93; A. 73; P.17; V.2. Body moderately elongate, much compressed, the tail much shorter and more robust than in Bassozetus catena, its height equaling 14 times length of head and + that of body. Head stoutish, not much compressed, lower than body, its length contained 5} times in the body; snout compressed, broad at its tip, its length exceeding diame- ter of the circular eye; interorbital area slightly convex, its width slightly exceeding twice diameter of eye, 3 times in head. Maxillary Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2519 extending far behind eye, its length less than that of preorbital portion of head; mandible as long as postorbital portion of head; jaws, vomer, and palatines with narrow bands of villiform teeth, normally arranged. Branchiostegals 8. Gill lamelle very short; gill rakers long and numer- ous, 18 on first arch below the angle, 5 above, 4 of which are rudimentary. Pseudobranchiz present, but very rudimentary. Anterior nostrils on the top of the snout and near the median line of the head, near its tip, separ- ated by a space about equal to diameter of eye; posterior nostrils in front of eye. Muciferous pores large, arranged much as in B. catena. Dorsal origin in the same vertical with that of pectorals, its distance from tip of snout contained 5 times in total and equaling twice length of maxillary. Rays well developed in anterior third, the longest } of head; anal origin under twentieth dorsal ray, its rays nearly as long as those of dorsal; pectoral with its penultimate ray produced, extending to thirteenth ray of anal, nearly twice as long as head; ventrals originating in advance of vertical through pectorals, and each a bifid filament; distance of ven- tral origin from tip of snout equaling length of ventral and about } as long as head; distance of ventral origin from vent considerably greater than length of head; distance from tip of ventral to vent equal to 4 the jength of the head. Number of scales in transverse series from vent to dorsal about 23; from the upper angle of the gill opening to the vertical through origin of anal 32. Color brownish yellow; head and abdomen blackish. The type (No. 37342, U. S. Nat. Mus.) was taken at Albatross Station 2380, Lat. 28° 02’ 30’ N., Long. 87° 43/ 45’ W.in 1,430 fathoms. It is 183 mm. long to the caudal base, 215 with caudal. Another young speci- men, 70 mm. long, was taken at Blake Station XCV, off Dominica, in 330 fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) (pectoralis, pertaining to the breast.) Nematonus pectoralis, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 604, Lat. 28° 02/ 30/’ N., Long. 87° 43/ 45// W., in 1,430 fathoms (Type, No. 37342. Coll. Albatross) ; GUNTHER, Challenger Report, xx, 114, 1887; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichth., 333, fig. 295, 1896. 968. POROGADUS, Goode & Bean. Porogadus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 682 (miles). Body brotuliform, mnch compressed; head with numerous spines on interorbital space, 2 pairs on the shoulders, 1 at angle of operculum and a double series on angle of preoperculum; head with numerous mucous pores, as in Bassozetus; mouth large; snout moderate, not pro- jecting much beyond the upper jaw; jaws nearly equal in front; teeth in villiform bands in jaws and on vomer and palatines; barbel none; gill openings wide, membranes narrowly united, not attached to the isthmus; gills 4; gill laminew short; gill rakers moderate, numerous; pseudo- branchize absent; caudal fin of few rays, on a very narrow base, not pro- longed, scarcely differentiated from the vertical fins; dorsal and anal fins well developed; pectorals simple, moderate; each ventral a single bifid ray close tothe humeralsymphysis; branchiostegals 8; scales small; lateral line apparently triple, or replaced by 3 series of pores—1 close to ventral outline, 1 median, and another along base of dorsal. (2dpos, pore; Gadus, the codfish. ) 2520 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2891. POROGADUS MILES, Goode & Bean. Head 64; depth 10; eye 5} in head; body much compressed, elongate, tapering to a very slender tail; head long, moderately compressed, sub- conical, the profile gradually ascending in nearly a straight line from tip of snout to origin of dorsal; interorbital space slightly convex, spiny, its width 42 times in length of head, and slightly greater than diameter of eye; opercles and head generally covered with numerous and strong spines, as described in the generic diagnosis; mouth very large and wide; maxillary extending far behind eye and much expanded at its tip, its length more than 4 that of head; length of mandible equal to greatest height of body; jaws, vomer, and palatines with narrow bands of villi- form teeth, none of which is enlarged; gill rakers 15 on anterior arch below the angle, 3 rudimentary ones above. Anterior pair of nostrils nearly on top of snout and somewhat nearer its tip than to eye, separated by a narrow space and placed immediately in front of middle of eye; behind each posterior nostril a strong spine projecting outward and upward; pores of the head arranged much as in Bassozetus; scales minute ; lateral line not to be clearly made out; 3 rows of minute pores on each side of dorsal, median, and ventral, beginning near head and extending well toward extremity of tail. Dorsal origin slightly behind vertical through pectoral base, its distance from snout nearly 6 times in length of body, its rays moderately long, the longest about as long as snout, and very numerous; anal origin in vertical from twenty-second or twenty- third dorsal ray, its distance from snout 34 times in length of body, its rays about as long as those of dorsal; pectoral imperfect, its length in the type equaling } that of head; ventrals a bifid filament, placed close to the humeral symphysis, well in advance of pectoral, its length equal to height of body; distance from origin of ventrals to vent nearly equal to length of head; ventral not reaching vent by a distance equal to length of snout. Color blackish brown. The type (No. 35625, U.S. Nat. Mus.) is 153 mm. in length, from Albatross Station 2230, lat. 38° 27’ N., long. 73° 02’ W., at a depth of 1,168 fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) (miles, a soldier.) Porogadus miles, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1885, 602, Lat. 38° 27' N., Long. 73° o2' W., in 1,168 fathoms; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 334, fig. 292, 1896. 969. PENOPUS, Goode & Bean. Penopus, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 335, 1896 (macdonaldi). Body stout in front, tapering behind; tail not greatly exceeding the length of the rest of the fish; head scaly, thick, its top surface flat, with depressed and moderately projecting snout; a pair of minute postnasal spines; a strong and much curved spine on the operculum; several weak spines on the angle of the preopereulum, and several at the posterior angle of the suboperculum; mouth moderately large, the lower jaw included; several narrow slit-like pores along the margin of the pre- orbital and suborbital; 2 minute pores on under surface of mandible near its symphysis, and not far behind them 2 long slit-like pores; the Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2521 anterior nostril in a long slit, the posterior larger, oblong in shape, and } concealed by a fold of skin; eye small; the teeth appear only in minute asperities, the intermaxillary band much wider in front than behind; man- dibulary band narrow throughout; vomerine band very narrow, V-shaped; palatines in a long, broad band; gill openings wide, deeply cleft in front, narrowly joined to the isthmus; branchiostegals 8; no pseudobranchiz ; gill rakers long and slender, not numerous; gill laminw moderately long, a long slit behind the fourth gill; scales very small; lateral lines3; caudal fin consisting of few rays, well differentiated from the dorsal and anal; dorsal beginning not far behind head; ventrals slightly in advance of the pectorals and composed of 2 rays, united by membrane, which forms a margin around them; pectoral normal, several of its upper rays simple; vent not much in advance of middle of total length. This genus agrees with Porogadus in nearly every respect except in the scarcity of spines on the head and in the structure of the ventrals. Porogadus has the ventrals composed of 2 distinct rays which are separated throughout their entire length, but in Penopus the 2 rays are inclosed in a membrane which con- nects them and forms a margin around them. In Porogadus, also, the sub- operculum has a smooth margin and the opercular spine is weaker than in Penopus, and is not curved. Deep seas. (2/v7, thread; zov's, foot.) 2892. PENOPUS MACDONALDI, Goode & Bean. D. 1387; A. 102. Greatest height of body equaling length of postorbital part of head and about } of total without caudal; greatest width of body anteriorly about } of its greatest height; head stout, its greatest width equaling 3 of its greatest depth and more than 4 of its length; width of interorbital space about 4 length of head; eye very small, its length less than 4 width of interorbital space; distance from eye to tip of snout equaling length of intermaxillary; distance of anterior nostril from tip of snout equaling length of eye; distance of posterior nostril from eye slightly less than its distance from tip of snout; maxillary expanded behind and reaching somewhat behind eye, its length equaling that of snout; mandible extending much behind eye, its length equal to post- orbital part of head. Dorsal beginning over middlle of pectoral, its rays well developed, those in middle of fin longer than anterior ones; anal beginning under twenty-seventh ray of dorsal, middle rays longest; pec- toral nearly 4 length of head and about equal to distance of its tip from vent; ventral about 4 distance of its origin from origin of anal. Lat- eral lines 3, the uppermost beginning at the upper angle of the gill opening, quickly approaching top of body near base of dorsal and merging into dorsal base about middle of tail; median lateral line beginning a little behind head and extending almost to root of caudal, becoming very faint posteriorly; lowermost lateral line with its origin under and not far from base of pectoral, extending along lower side of tail and merging into base of anal fin somewhat beyond middle of length of tail. Color yellowish brown; operculum, opercular flap and branchiostegal membrane, pectoral, and ventral dusky. Only a single specimen, 315 mm. long, known; obtained by the Albatross September 18, 1886, at Station 2716, Lat. 38° 3030——81 2522 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 29' 30’ N., Long. 70° 57’ W., in 1,631 fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) (Named for Hon. Marshall McDonald.) Penopus macdonaldi, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthology, 336, fig. 293, 1896, Lat. 38° 29/ 30’ N., Long. 70° 57’ W., in 1,631 fathoms. (Type, No, 39433.) 970. DICROLENE, Goode & Bean. Dicrolene, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 202, 1883 (intronigra). Brotulids with body moderately compressed; head somewhat com- pressed; mouth large; tip of maxillary much dilated; eye large, placed close to dorsal profile. Head with supraorbital spines; several strong spines on preopercle and 1 long spine at upper angle of opercle. Spout short, not projecting beyond the upper jaw; jaws subequal. Teeth in narrow villiform bands in each jaw, on head of vomer, and on palatines. Nobarbel. Gill openings wide, membranes not united; gills 4; gill lamine of moderate length; gill rakers rather long, not numerous; pseudobran- chive absent. Caudal not confluent with dorsal and anal, but without a distinct peduncle. Dorsal and anal fins long; pectoral rays in 2 groups, several of the lower ones being separated and much produced; ventrals a pair of bifid rays, close together on the isthmus. Branchiostegals8. Body and head covered with small scales; lateral line close to base of dorsal fln, apparently becoming obsolete on posterior third of body. Stomach siphonal; pyloric ceca few and rudimentary; intestine shorter than body. Deep sea; a single species known. (6z%p0os, forked; @Aévy, limb.) 2893. DICROLENE INTRONIGRA, Goode & Bean. Head 5; eye large, 4 in head; interorbital width 4. D. 100; A. about 85; C.6or 7; V. 1; P. 19+7 or 8; scales 110 to 120. Body moderately compressed, its dorsal and ventral outlines approaching at an equal angle the horizontal axis, and tapering to anarrow point. Head somewhat com- pressed, with flattish upper surface, which is encroached upon by the upper margin of orbit; a strong spine at posterior upper margin of orbit, pointing backward and upward; a long, sharp spine at upper angle of opercle, its exposed portion 2 in eye; 3 equidistant spines on lower pos- terior border of preopercle, much weaker than that on opercle. Large muciferous cavities in bones of head; a row of large cavities extending backward from upper angle of orbit, and continuous with those on lateral line. Mouth large, its cleft considerably more than 4 head, the maxillary extending beyond eye and with scales upon its expanded tip. Distance from snout to origin of dorsal fin § total length; anal inserted under twenty-fifth or twenty-sixth dorsal ray ; height of dorsal and anal fins each about equal to eye; length of caudal fin 2 in distance from snout to dorsal; ventrals about equal to upper jaw; pectorals inserted close to branchial aperture, the 8 lower rays free and much prolonged, the longest and most anterior being about 3 in body, and more than 3 times as long as the con- tiguous posterior ray of the normally constructed portion of the fin, which is, however, about equal to the last free rays. West Indies, Gulf of Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2523 Mexico, and Gulf Stream in various localities, and off coast of Soudan and on the bank d’Arguin, in deep water. (intro, within; niger, black.) Dicrolene intronigra, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 202, 1883, Gulf Stream, Lat. 39° 59/ 45’ N., Long. 68° 54’ W. (Coll. Blake); GUNTHER, Challenger Report, xx, 107, 1887; VAMLANT, Exp. Sci. Travailleur ef Talisman, 258, pl. 23, fig. 2,1888; GOooDE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 338, fig. 297 A and B, 1896. 971. MIXONUS, Giinther. Mixonus, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, xx, 108, 1887 (laticeps). Lower pectoral rays free, not united by membrane with, but inserted on the same base as, the upper part of the fin; they are but slightly stronger than the other rays and prolonged. Body elongate, compressed, covered with small, very thin and deciduous scales. Head slightly compressed, broad and flat above, depressed in front, naked (with the exception of the parts between the mandibles, and, perhaps, of the cheeks). Bones thin, with muciferous system moderately developed; only 1 small spine above on the operculum; preoperculum without spine. Eye small. Vertical fins united, but the narrow caudal projecting beyond the short dorsal and anal rays. Ventrals each reduced to a filament, which consists of 2 rays firmly bound together in. their whole length; they are inserted behind the humeral symphysis and close together. Snout broad, rounded, scarcely overlapping the lower jaw. Mouth very wide; villiform teeth in the jaws, on the vomer, and palatine bones. Gill lamin:e short; gill rakers long, not very closely set. Pseudobranchiw none. (s Head about 4; depth 43. D.10-49; A. 54; V.7; scales 6-61 to 62-16. Head broad and depressed; snout short; eye 34 in head; the length of the upper jaw 24 in head, about equal to space between ventrals and anal origin; maxillary not quite reaching vertical through hind margin of eye; barbel 6 in head. Teeth in narrow bands in jaw; no outer series of enlarged teeth, but a few in the middle of the bands in each jaw are slightly larger than the others; all of the teeth, however, inconspicuous; vomer and palate smooth. Vent situated about under third ray of first dorsal; distance of first dorsal from tip of snout equaling 3 times length of its base, its longest ray twice length of snout, and slightly exceeding length of longest of second dorsal; length of second dorsal base 3 times length of pectoral, which is nearly 54 times in total without caudal. Origin of anal about in a vertical let fall from base of fifth ray of first dorsal; dis- tance of ventral from tip of snout about 53 times in body. Tip of ven- tral when extended backward reaching base of fourth anal ray; length of middle caudal ray 3 in head, Lateral line very indistinct, situated rather high, following pretty closely the contour of back. Gill rakers moderately short and not numerous. (eneral color a light yellowish brown; under surface of head, the abdomen, margins of dorsal and anal fins, lips, and axil of pectoral very dark brown; a dark brown blotch on the suboperculum; inside of mouth and gill membranes white. (Bean.) 2548 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, Caribbean Sea, north to 40° in region of Gulf Stream, reaching a depth of 955 fathoms. (jfulvus, brownish yellow.) Physiculus fuluus, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 240, Lat. 40° 1’ N., Long. 69° 56’ W. in 79 fathoms (Type, No. 28766. Coll. Fish Hawk); GooDE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthy- ology, 366, 1896. 2919. PHYSICULUS NEMATOPUS, Gilbert. Head 4 in length; depth 5. D.7 to 9-56 to 61; A.59 to 64; scales 90 to 105. Length of caudal peduncle to base of median caudal rays 5 in head. Snout very broadly rounded, its width twice its length, which is 43 in head; eye 3}; interorbital 4; maxillary 2, reaching slightly beyond vertical from posterior margin of orbit. None of the teeth enlarged; palate smooth. Branchiostegal membranes more narrowly joined than in the P.rastrelliger, but wholly free from isthmus. Gill rakers short and slender, 11 movable ones on horizontallimb of arch. Origin of first dorsal over base of pectorals, its distance from tip of snout 3} in length; base of first dorsal equaling snout and 4 eye, its highest ray 2} in head; free portion of caudal peduncle + diameter of orbit; notch of dorsal and anal fins not conspicuous, the posterior dorsal rays little longer than those which precede, 24 in head; caudal 24; pectorals 14; ventrals with broad base and 7 rays, the outer 2 filamentous, the second the longest, reaching base of tenth to twelfth anal rays, and as long as head; distance between bases of ventrals equals interorbital width; scales small, regularly imbri- cated, becoming minute on snout, which they completely invest, as well as mandible and gular membranes; lateral line present on anterior half of body only, 8 scales aboveit anteriorly. Color light olive brown, sprinkled with dark specks, the sides of head and trunk with silvery luster; snout, mandible, and gular membrane dusky; abdominal area, branchiostegal membranes, base of ventrals, axillary blotch, and front of anal, purplish black; posterior edge of gill membranes and opercular flap white; dor- sals dusky, with an inconspicuous darker margin, which becomes more marked posteriorly; anal darker, margined with black; caudal blackish; pectorals and filamentous portion of ventral white. Inside of mouth and gill cavity white; peritoneum silvery, rendered black on sides by clusters of spots. Coast of southern California. Many specimens, the largest 7 inches long, from Albatross Stations 2997, 3011, 3015, and 3016, in 71 to 221 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (v7ua, thread; zovs, foot.) Physiculus nematopus, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 114, coast of southern Cali- fornia. (Types, No. 46486 and 46555. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) 2920. PHYSICULUS KAUPI, Poey. Head 3}; depth4. D.10-60; A. 60; P.30; V.8; C.17; scales 12 to 15—over 100. Body and head short, swollen; tail regularly narrowed; vent below base of pectoral; eye high, equal to snout, 44 in head; nostrils with valves; snout blunt; lower jaw the shorter; maxillary reaching slightly beyond eye; each jaw with a band of cardiform teeth, none on palate and tongue; maxillary sloping under skin of cheek; barbel a little longer than eye; opercular bones covered with skin, without spines; no spines at Jordan and Evermann,—Ffishes of North America, 2549 nape; gill membranes somewhat united, free from isthmus; gills 4, a slit behind fourth; no pseudobranchie ; lateral line parallel with the back to beyond middle of body, then turning down suddenly, continuing to base of caudal. Scales small, cycloid, not easily counted; head scaly, even to the lips; vertical fins with small scales; ventral filamentous, equaling % length of head, all the rays except the first short; ventral with 2 filamen- tous rays, which reach to front of anal and are about 14 in head; first dor- sal as high as long, beginning behind base of pectoral, its longest rays about 24 in head; soft dorsal and anal low, free from the small rounded caudal; pectoral falcate, 14 in head. Color yellowish brown, bluish on belly; second dorsal and anal edged with darker brown. Type, 1 speci- men, 250 mm. long. (Poey.) Deep waters of the Atlantic. This species has constantly (as far as is shown in our specimens) a broader base to the- ventral fins than Physiculus dalwigkii, and they are formed of 7 rays, of which the largest may or may not reach the anal fin; the fin rays vary within proportionate limits; they are, D. 9 or 10—60 to 66; A. 60 to 70; there are 13 scaies between the anterior dorsal and lateral line; the caudal peduncle is shorter and less slender than in the Madieran form, but otherwise the species are so similar as to scarcely deserve specific separation. Poey obtained a specimen at Cuba, and Melliss 2 at St. Helena. These differ in no respect from 5 examples, 11 to 16 inches in length, found by the Challenger off Inosima in 345 fathoms. (Giinther, Challenger Report, xx, 88, pl. xv, fig. A, 1887.) (Named for Dr, J. J. Kaup, author of a work on the Apodal fishes. ) Physiculus kaupi, Porky, Repertorio, 1, 186, 1865, Matanzas. (Coll. Don Cirilo Dulzaides.) ? Physiculus japonicus, HILGENDORF, Sitz. Naturf, Freunde, Berlin, 1879, 80, Japan. 2921. PHYSICULUS RASTRELLIGER, Gilbert. Head 3} in length; depth 43. D.8 or 9-53 to 61; A.57; scales 100 to 110. Length of caudal pedunele to base of median caudal rays, 24 in head. Snout short and broadly rounded, 4} in head; eye 32; interorbital width 44 to 42; maxillary 2}, extending to vertical from posterior margin of pupil. Teeth in rather broad bands, none of them enlarged; width of patch on premaxillaries + pupil; vomer and palatines toothless. Branchi- ostegal membranes broadly united, joined to the isthmus anteriorly, the width of the tree fold more than } pupil. Gill rakers numerous, slender, moderately long, the longest 4 diameter of orbit, about 7 above angle, 17 to 19 below, the anterior ones short but movable. Origin of first dorsal slightly in advance of base of pectorals, its distance from tip of snout 3; in length; base of first dorsal equaling length of snout, its longest ray 2; in head; free portion of caudal peduncle equaling diameter of eye; second dorsal notched, the median rays } the height of the highest anterior rays, the posterior highest, equaling first dorsal and longest caudal rays; anal similar to soft dorsal, but lower; ventrals under middle of opercle, the distance between their bases little less than interorbital width, equaling distance from vent to anal fin; ventrals with 7 rays, the outer 2 produced, the second the longest, reaching base of seventh or eighth anal ray; pectorals with broad base, covered with lax membrane, 2550 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. containing 26 to 28 rays, their length 13 to 1} in head. Scales small, com- paratively little reduced on top of head, a broad ring encircling snout in front of eyes naked, a very narrow patch of scales between this laterally and premaxillaries; scales in 100 to 110 transverse rows, 8 or 9 between lateral line and front of dorsal; lateral line wanting on posterior part of body, in the latter part of its course present on occasional scales only. Color uniform grayish olive on sides, each scale, or at least its marginal 4, closely covered with minute dark specks; gular and branchiostegal mem- branes, ventral region, and axil of pectorals blue black; basal portion of vertical fins light bluish, margined with blackish; pectorals dusky; ven- trals blue black at base, the distal portion white; lining membrane of mouth and gill cavity white; peritoneum silvery, but in places so filled with black specks as to appear black. Coast of southern California. Many specimens, the longest 8 inches, from Albatross Stations 3045 and 2987, in 184 and 171 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (rastrelliger, bearing small gill rakers; rastrum, rake; gero, I bear.) Physiculus rastrelliger, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 113, coast of southern Cali- fornia. (Type No. 48266. Coll. Albatross.) 988. LOTA (Cuvier) Oken. (BURBOTS.) Les Lottes, CUVIER, Régne Anim., Ed. 1, vol. 2, 215, 1817 (lota). Lota, OKEN, Isis 1817, 1182 (Jota). Body long and low, compressed behind. Head small, depressed, rather broad; anterior nostrils each with a small barbel; chin with a long bar- bel; snout and lower parts of head naked; mouth moderate, the lower jaw included; each jaw with broad bands of equal, villiform teeth; vomer with a broad, crescent-shaped band of similar teeth; no teeth on palatines. Gill openings wide, the membrane somewhat connected, free from the isthmus. Scales very small, embedded; vertical fins scaly. Dorsal fins 2, the first short, the second long, similar to the anal; caudal rounded, its outer rays procurrent; ventrals of several rays. One or 2 species,’ living in fresh waters of northern regions. (Lota, the ancient name used by Rondelet, in French, la Lotte.) 2922. LOTA MACULOSA (Le Sueur). (BuRBOT; LAKE LAWYER; LING.) Head 4} in body; depth 5}. D. 13-76; A. 68; ventral 7; eye 7 in head; pectoral 14 in head; maxillary 2?; middle caudal rays 2%. Body elongate, not much compressed anteriorly; head slightly depressed; mouth large, the maxillary reaching to posterior margin of eye; teeth villiform, in bands on jaws and vomer; barbel longer than the small eye; interorbital broad, nearly twice diameter of eye; gill rakers very short, about 3+6 in number; anterior nostrils with barbels; body covered with small embedded scales; pectorals scarcely reaching to below front of dorsal; ending of ventrals filamentous; caudal rounded; vertebre 21-+ 38=59; ceca 30. Dark olive, thickly marbled and reticulated with blackish; Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2551 yellowish or dusky beneath; young often sharply marked, the adult becoming dull grayish; vertical fins with dusky margins. Length 2 feet. Lakes and sluggish streams. New England and Great Lake region, north to the Arctic seas and west to the head-waters of the Mis- souri, the Frazer River basin, and Bering Straits; abundant northward; rare in the Ohio River and the Upper Mississippi; a rather coarse and tasteless fish, seldom used as food. Here described from a specimen, 18 inches long, from Lake Michigan at Michigan City, Indiana. The Ameri- can Burbot is very close to the common species of northern Europe and Asia, Lota lota (Linneus)— Lota vulgaris, Cuvier— Lota communis, Rapp, and may prove wholly identical with the latter. In Lota lota the pec- torals reach beyond front of dorsal, being 1} in head. (maculosus, spotted. ) Gadus maculosus, LE SUEUR, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1, 1817, 83, Lake Erie. Molva maculosa, LE StuEUR, Mém. Mus., vy, 1819, pl. 16. Lota maculosa, DE Kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 284, pl. 52, fig. 168, 1842. Gadus compressus, LE SUEUR, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1, 1817, 84, Connecticut River. Lota compressa, De Kay, New York, Fauna: Fishes, 285, pl. 78, figs. 244, 245, 1842. Gadus lacustris, MircHiLt, Amer. Monthly Mag., U1, 1818, 244, Sebago Pond, Maine (Coll. Henry A.S. Dearborn). Molva huntia, LE SUEUR, Mém. Mus., v, 1819, 161, Connecticut River. Lota inornata, DE Kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 283, pl. 45, fig. 145, 1842, Hudson River, Lansingburgh, N. Y. Lota brosmiana, STORER, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., 1v, 1839, pl. 5, fig. 1, New Hampshire. 989. MOLVA, Fleming. (LINGS.) Molva, FLEMING, British Animals, 192, 1828 (vulgaris). Molva, Nitsson, Skandinav. Fauna, Iv, 573, 1832 (molva). Body elongate, covered with very small scales. Chin with a barbel; lower jaw included; bands of teeth on jaws and vomer; lower jaw with large canines which are arrow-shaped and movable; vomer with a curved series of canines mixed with small teeth, these mostly fixed; no teeth on palatines. Gill membranes broadly united. Two dorsal fins, both well developed; 1 anal fin; ventrals with several rays. Northern seas. (An old name of the salt-water ling.) 2923. MOLVA MOLVA (Linnzus). Head 5; depth 7 or 8. D. 13 to 16-63 to 70; A. 57 to 66 (vertebrx 27+ 37=64). Upper jaw the longer, the maxillary reaching to below mid- dle of orbit. Teeth cardiform in the jaws, with an inner row of rather widely separated and larger ones on mandible; a semicircular band on vomer, among which a few larger ones are interspersed. First dorsal inserted over the latter half of pectoral, its greatest height ? that of body below it; pectoral about $ as long as head; anal insertion in vertical over seventh or eighth ray of second dorsal. Barbel longer than eye, which is about equal to width of interorbital space. Scales small, covering head and fins. Color black gray, lighter on the sides and beneath; verticai fins edged with white; a dark blotch at the posterior end of the first dorsal, and amore distinct one on the end of the second dorsal. Arctic parts of the 2552 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Atlantic, south in deep water. This fish, the “‘ling” of Europe, is found from Spitzbergen to the Gulf of Gascony, where specimens haye been taken very exceptionally at Arcachon and San Juan de Luz. It is very rare, however, south of the British Channel, and most abundant along the coast of northern Europe, especially in the German Ocean and off Nor- way. Itis rare about Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands, and has never been found in the Baltic. It is said to have been found in the deep water off Newfoundland, but we have been unable to find the specific record. Collett states that on the Norwegian coast young examples rarely occur in less depth than 100 fathoms, and according to Lilljeborg the largest are caught in from 80 to 150 fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) (molva, an ancient name.) Gadus molwa, LInnzuS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 254, 1858, seas of Europe; after Gadus dorso dipterygia, ARTEDI. Molva vulgaris, FLEMING, British Animals, 192, 1828; GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 361, 1862; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 364, fig. 317, 1896. Gadus raptor, NrLsson, Prodromus, 46, Sweden. Molva linnei, Mat, Gotheborgs och Bohuslins Fauna, 491, 1877. 990. UROPHYCIS, Gill. (CODLINGS.) Phycis, BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 56, 1801 (tinea = blennioides) ; not Phycis, Fabri- cius, 1798, a genus of Lepidoptera. Phycis, RAFINESQUE, Amer. Monthly Mag. 1818, 243 (marginata). Urophycis, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 240 (regius). Emphycus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, new subgenus (tenuis). Body rather elongate; head subconic; mouth rather large, the maxil- lary reaching to below eye; lower jaw included; chin with a small barbel; jaws and vomer with broad bands of subequal, pointed teeth; palatines toothless. Dorsal fins 2, the first sometimes produced at tip; second dor- sal long, similar to the anal; ventrals wide apart, filamentous, each of 3 slender rays, closely jointed, appearing like one befid filament. Gill membranes somewhat connected, narrowly joined to the isthmus. (ovpd, tail; Phycis.) UROPHYCIS: a. First dorsal fin not elevated, none of its rays filamentous. b. Scales moderate, 90 to 95 in a longitudinal series. c. Dorsal rays 8-43; anal 45; sides with some pale spots. REGIUS, 2924. cc. Dorsal rays 10-66; anal rays 57; barbel minute. CIRRATUS, 2925. bb. Scales small, 120 to 155 in a longitudinal series. d. Dorsal rays 13-57; anal about 50; scales 120; sides with some pale spots. FLORIDANUS, 2926. dd. Dorsal rays 10-62; anal about 53; scales 155. EARLLI, 2927. EMPHYCUS (év-bvxos, in the seaweed) : aa. First dorsal fin elevated, 1 or more of its rays filamentous. e. Scales about 140; dorsal rays 9-57; anal 48; ventrals reaching vent. TENIUS, 2928. ee. Scales about 110; dorsal rays 9-57; anal 50; ventrals reaching beyond vent, not longer than head. CHUSS, 2929. eee. Scales about 90; dorsal rays 9-56; anal 56; second dorsal filamentous; ven- trals very long, nearly 3 times length of head. CHESTERI, 2930, Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2553 Subgenus UROPHYCIS. 2924. UROPHYCIS REGIUS (Walbaum). Head 44 in body; depth 5. D. 8-43; A. 40; scales about 90; eye 44 in head; maxillary 2; pectoral 12; caudal 13. Body rather elongate, com- pressed; mouth large, the maxillary reaching slightly past posterior margin of eye; lower jaw included; cardiform teeth on jaws and vomer; interorbital flattish, about equal in width to the diameter of eye; gill rakers short, 3+ 12 in number; origin of dorsal over base of pectorals; pectorals slender, barely reaching to front of anal; ventrals filamentous, composed of 2 rays each with the inner ray the larger, inserted in front of base of pectoral in distance equal to 14 diameter of eye, their ends reach- ing beyond front of anal; front of anal nearer snout than base of caudal, by nearly a head’s length; caudal subtruncate. Pale brownisht inged with yellowish, the lateral line dark brown, interrupted by white spots; inside of mouth white; first dorsal largely black, this color surrounded by white; second dorsal olivaceous, with irregular round dark spots; caudal, anal, and pectorals dusky; ventrals and lower edge of pectorals white; 2 vertical series of round dark spots on the sides of the head. North Atlantic, south to Cape Fear; ranging from shallow water to a depth of 167 fathoms. Here described from a specimen, 8 inches in Jength, from Charleston, South Carolina. The species is said to exhibit electric powers in life. (regius, royal.) Blennius, sp., SCHGPF, Schrift. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, vit, 1780, 142, New York. Blennius regius, W ALBAUM, Artedi, Pisce, 111, 186,1792; after SCHOPF. Enchelyopus regalis, BLocad & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 53, 1801, after SCHOPF. Gadus punctatus, MircHitu, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y.,1, 1815, 372, New York. Urophyceis regius, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 240. Phiycis regius, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 357, 1896. Phycis regalis, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 355, 1862. Phycis punctatus, DE Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fishes, 292, 1842. 2925. UROPHYCIS CIRRATUS, Goode & Bean. Head 4; depth 5. D. 10-66; A. 57; scales 6-93-20. Body moderately stout; eye large, about@ in head; interorbital space 2in eye. Maxillary not reaching posterior margin of orbit in large specimens, but in smaller ones it extends fully to that vertical; mandible extending far beyond posterior margin of eye, its length about equal to postorbital part of head; barbel minute in all examples examined, its length usually about } that of eye. Teeth in villiform bands in both jaws, the intermaxillary bands being wider than those of mandible; vomerines in a narrow villiform band. Gill rakers 2 +12, the largest club-shaped at end, the longest 4 in eye. Gill membranes attached to isthmus, but with a narrow, free pos- terior border. Length of pectorals about + distance from ventral to anal origin, reaching to about the twenty-sixth row of scales; ventral reaching in some specimens slightly beyond origin of anal; in 1 individual almost to middle of anal fin; none of the dorsal rays filamentous, the longest from 21 to 3 times in head; base of first dorsal about equal to length of eye in most specimens; in smaller examples somewhat greater, about 3 in head; 3030-——83 2554 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. vent under sixteenth ray of second dorsal. Color light brown; lower parts minutely dotted; dorsals with narrow dark margins; caudal with a broad dark margin; anal with a narrow dark margin in its posterior third; roof of mouth and interior of gill cavity dark brown. Deep water of the Gulf of Mexico. (Goode & Bean.) (cirratus, bearing cirri.) Phycis cirratus, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyclogy, 358, 1896, Gulf of Mexico at Lat. 29° 03/ 15’ N., Long. 88° 16 W. (Type, No. 39059. Coll. Albatross.) 2926. UROPHYCIS FLORIDANUS, Bean & Dresel. Head 4 in body; depth 6. D. 13-57; A. 49; scales about 120; eye 6 in head; maxillary 2; height of first dorsal 24; middle caudal rays 2. Body rather elongate, compressed, head subconic; mouth large, the maxillary reaching to below posterior margin of orbit; upper jaw and snout some- what projecting beyond lower; small cardiform teeth, in narrow bands on jaws and vomer; barbel very slender, small; interorbital space wide, slightly convex, nearly twice as wide as eye; gill rakers small, slender, 2+11in number. Origin of dorsal a little behind the vertical from base of pectoral; first dorsal high, slightly falcate; second dorsal a little higher in its anterior end, higher than anal; origin of anal about midway between tip of snout and base of caudal; pectoral slender, reaching an eye’s diameter beyond front of second dorsal; ventrals inserted twice diameter of eye in front of pectorals, 2-rayed, the inner ray the longer, not reaching to vent in larger examples, reaching to front of anal in small ones; caudal long and rounded. Color in spirits, reddish brown, light below, a small black spot above eye, a vertical series of 3 or 4 behind eye, and 2 on opercle, these spots less than + pupil, distinct and clear cut; a dark streak from preorbital across cheek to edge of opercle, lateral line black, interrupted at short intervals by white spots; fins dusky, with the exception of pectorals and veutrals, dark toward the ends of the rays, Gulf of Mexico, in rather shallow water, coming to shore in abundance about Pensacola in cold weather. Here described from a specimen, 74 inches in length, from Pensacola, Florida. (floridanus, from Florida.) Phycis floridanus, BEAN & DRESEL, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.@84, 100, Pensacola, Florida (Coll. Silas Stearns); JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 129, 1885. 2927. UROPHYCIS EARLLI, Bean. Head 3! in body; depth 5. D.10-60; A.53; scales 155; eye 6 in head; maxillary 2. Body moderately elongate, not much compressed anteriorly ; mouth large, the maxillary reaching to below or very slightly past poste- rior margin of eye; snout and upper jaw projecting beyond lower jaw; teeth strong, cardiform in a narrow band on vomer and lower jaw, in a rather wide band in upper; interorbital wide, convex, about 1} times eye; gill rakers short and blunt, about 249. Origin of dorsal slightly behind the vertical from base of pectoral; origin of anal about midway between snout and base of caudal; ventrals 2-rayed, the inner a little the longer, not reaching to vent. Color brown, with some light spots on the second dorsal fin and on the sides; anal and both dorsals margined with brown. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2555 Atlantic coast of United States, southward in water of moderate depth; not common. Here described from a specimen, 17 inches in length, from Charleston, South Carolina. (Named for R. Edward Earl, then assistant to the United States Fish Commission.) Phycis earlli, BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 11, 1880,69, Charleston, S. C. (Coll. R. E. Earl. Type, Nos. 25207, 25208, and 25209) ; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 798, 1883. Subgenus EMPHYCUS, Jordan & Evermann. 2928. UROPHYCIS TENUIS (Mitehill). (CODLING; WHITE HAKE; SQUIRREL-HAKE.) Head 44; depth 54. D.9-57; A.48; scales 138. Snout longer than eye, narrower and more pointed than in P. chuss. Eye large, usually wider than interorbital space; maxillary reaching beyond pupil. Filamentous dorsal ray about % length of head; ventral fins about reaching vent. Seales very small. Brownish, lighter and yellowish below; fins very dark. Banks of Newfoundland to Cape Hatteras; abundant northward in rather deep water, reaching a depth of 304 fathoms. The species resembles Phycis chuss, differing chiefly in the smaller scales. (tenuis, slender.) Gadus tenuis, MITCHILL, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y. 1815, 372, New York. Phycis dekayi, KAup, Archiv Natur. 1858, 89, North America. ?Phycis rostratus, GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., Iv, 353, 1862, no locality ; D. 9-59 to 62; A. 49 to 50; scales ca. 150; ventrals immaculate, reaching front of anal. , Phycis tenuis, De Kay, N.Y. Fauna: Fishes, 293, 1842; GIL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1863, 238; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 799, 1883; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 359, fig. 312, 1896. 2929. UROPHYCIS CHUSS (Walbaum). (CODLING ; SQUIRREL-HAKE.) Head 43; depth 5. D. 9-57; A.50; scales 110. Body rather slender; head depressed; eye large, about equal to interorbital width; maxillary reaching posterior margin of pupil; filamentous dorsal ray about ? length of body, when perfect; pectorais 4 length of head; ventral fins extending beyond the vent; scales comparatively large. Brownish above, sides lighter and tinged with yellowish; thickly punctulate with darker; be- low pale; inside of mouth white; vertical fins somewhat dusky; anal fin margined with pale; lateral line not dark. Atlantic coast, from Gulf of St. Lawrence to Virginia; common northward; reaching a depth of 300 fathoms. (chuss, a vernacular name now obsolete, apparently derived from cusk.) Chuss, SCHOPF, Schrift. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, vu, 1780, 143, New York. Blennius chuss, WALBAUM, Artedi Pisc., 186, 1792; after SCHOPF. Enchelyopus americanus, BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 53,1801; after ScHOPF. Gadus longipes, MITCHILL, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y., 1, 372, pl. 1, fig. 4, 1815, New York. Phycis marginatus, RAFINESQUE, Amer. Month. Mag., Jan., 1818, 205, Point Judith, Rhode Island. D.10-60; A.40; ventral reaching anal; tail black-edged. Phycis americanus, STORER, Rept. Fish. Mass., 138, 1839; GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 353, 1862. Phycis chuss, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 237; JorRpAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 799, 1883; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 359, fig. 311, 1896. 2556 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2930. UROPHYCIS CHESTERI, Goode & Bean. Head 4}; depth 5; orbit3}in head; maxillary2; barbel about 3 in orbit. D. 9 or 10-55 to 57; A. 56; C. 5,18 to 21,5; P. 17 or 18; V.3; scales 7-90 or 91-28. Vent situated under the twelfth ray of second dorsal, and equidistant from tip of snout and end of second dorsal; distance of dorsal fin from snout equal to twice length of mandible; third ray of first dorsal extremely elongate, extending to a point (thirty-third ray of see- ond dorsal) % of distance from snout to tip of caudal, its length more than twice that of head, and more than 4 times as long as the rays immediately preceding and following it; anal fin inserted immediately behind vent, its distance from root of ventrals equal to that of dorsal from snout; as in other species of the genus, ventral of 3 rays, the first 2 much prolonged, the first contained 3 times in length of body, the second almost 3 times as long as head, reaching to fortieth anal ray or ? of distance from snout to tip of caudal, the third shorter than diameter of orbit; pectoral 4 times as long - as operculum. Seales large and thin, easily wrinkling with the folding of the thick, loose skin, particularly in the median line of sides of body. Lateral line much broken on posterior half of body. (Goode & Bean.) Atlantic coast of United States, in 100 to 500 fathoms, with Macrourus bairdi, the most abundant. fish on the continental slope, swarming every- where below the 100-fathom line. (Named for Capt. Hubbard C. Chester.) Phycis chesteri, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 256, off Cape Ann, in 140 fathoms (Coll. Captain Chester) ; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 800, 1883; GoopDE & BEAN, Oce- anic Ichthyology, 360, fig. 313, 1896. got. LAEAMONEMA, Giinther. Lemonema, GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., Iv, 356, 1862 (yarrellii). Body of moderate length, covered with small scales; fins naked. A sep- arate caudal; 2 dorsal fins and 1 anal, the anterior dorsal composed of 5 rays; ventrals reduced to a single long ray, bifid at its end. Bands of villiform teeth in the jaws; a small group of vomerine teeth; none on the palatine bones. Chin with a barbel. Branchiostegals 7. Deep sea. (Aazu0s, throat; va, thread.) a. Scales 13-140-31; barbel } eye; dorsal and anal with narrow black edgings. BARBATULUM, 2931. aa. Seales 16-160-38; barbel 3 eye; a large, triangular, black blotch on tail and adjacent parts of vertical fins. MELANURUM, 2932. 2931. LEMONEMA BARBATULUM, Goode & Bean. Head 43; depth 44; orbit 3 in head; upper jaw more than 2; barbel about 2ineye. D.5-63; A.59; P.19; V.2; scales 13-140-31. Vent situated under sixth or seventh ray of second dorsal. Distance of first dorsal from snout 4 in body; base of first dorsal } as long as middle caudal rays, that of second slightly more than 3 times length of head; first dorsal composed of 5 rays, the first of which is elongate, 3 times as long as middle caudal rays, extending to base of twenty-fourth ray of second dorsal; anal fin inserted at a distance from tip of snout equal to twice length of head, Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2557 its distance from insertion of ventrals being equal to length of head; length of ventrals equal to that of pectorals, their tip not extending to vent. Scales small, very thin, deciduous, crowded anteriorly; lateral line not well defined on posterior part of body. Color similar to that of the various species of Phycis; the dorsal and anal fins with narrow black margins. The length of the first dorsal ray is very variable, being shorter in younger individuals. This species differs from L. yarrellit by its much smaller scales, and from L. robustum by the greater number of rays in the dorsal and anal fins, and its much shorter ventrals. (Goode & Bean.) Gulf Stream, reaching a depth of 312 fathoms. (barbatulus, having small barbels. ) Lemonema barbatula, GooDE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Com. Zool., x, 204, 1883, Gulf Stream, Lat. 32° 43’ N., Long. 77° 20’ W., in 230 fathoms, and Lat. 28° 35’ N., Long. 73° 13/ W.; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 362, figs. 315 and 315A, 1896. 2932. LEMONEMA MELANURUM, Goode & Bean. Head about 43; depth 43; eye 3 in head; snout 4; interorbital width 6. D. 6-57; A.55; P. 25; V.2; Br.7; scales 16-160-38. Maxillary extending to below middle of eye; intermaxillary nearly $ length of head; mandible slightly more than twice length of snout. Teeth in intermaxillary and mandible in villiform bands; vomerine teeth in a small circular patch on middle of head of bone. Barbel about as long assnout. Distance of first dorsal from tip of snout about 4 in snout; length of first ray of dorsal equaling that of head without snout; last ray of dorsal scarcely more than + as long as first; ventral consisting of a single bifid ray, its distance from tip of snout equal to length of head, its length nearly equal to that of dorsal or the pectoral when extended, not reaching vent by a distance equal to length of snout; pectoral equaling that of longest dorsal ray, and also equaling head without snout; second dorsal higher anteriorly, and posteriorly much higher than in middle; longest anterior ray 4 length of ventral; longest posterior ray 4 length of head. Vent under eighth ray of second dorsal. Gill rakers 5+ 15, the longest + as long as snout. Color very light brown, the dorsals and anal with a narrow dark margin; a conspicuous, large, triangular, dark blotch on last rays of dor- sal and anal, and a dark blotch occupying almost the whole of caudal, leaving a margin of whitish around it. (Goode & Bean.) Caribbean Sea, north to New York; reaching a depth of. 1,467 fathoms. (mwéAas, black; ovpa, tail.) Lemonema melanurum, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 363, fig. 316, 1896, Gulf Stream, Lat. 30° 44’ N., Long. 79° 26’ W., in 440 fathoms. (Type, No. 38270. Coll. Albatross.) 992. GAIDROPSARUS, Rafinesque. (THREE-BEARDED ROCKLINGS.) Gaidropsarus, RAFINESQUE, Indice d’Ittivl. Siciliana, 1810 (mustellaris = mediterraneus) ; description from a rough figure of RONDELET. Les Mustéles, CUVIER, Régne Anim., Ed. 1, vol. 2, 215, 1817 (tricirrhatus — mediterraneus). ?’Mustela, OKEN, Isis. 1817 (for les Mustiles; not Mustela, a genus of mammals). 2558 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Onos, Risso, Hist. Eur. Mérid., 11, 214, 1826 (mustella = mediterraneus). Mustela, STARK, Elem. Nat. Hist., 1, 425, 1828 (after les Mustéles). Motella, Cuvier, Régne Anim. Ed. 2, vol. 11, 334, 1829 (vulgaris= tricirratus). Onus, GUNTHER, corrected spelling. Body rather elongate, covered with minute scales; head not compressed, the upper jaw the longer; snout with 2 conspicuous barbels, the chin with 1; teeth on jaws and vomer in bands, palatines toothless; dorsals 2, the anterior of a single long ray followed by a series of short fringe-like rays concealed in a groove; second dorsal and anal long, similar to each other; caudal rounded or lanceolate; ventral rays 5 to 7. Small fishes of the northern seas, descending to deep water. We here regard the 5-bearded Rocklings (Ciliata, Couch, 1832) = Couchia, Thompson, 1856 = Molvella, Kaup, 1858, as a distinct genus, distinguished by the 5 barbels at the tip of the snout. (vyaiépavdpa, a modern Greek name used by Rondelet for a species of this group.) The name yaiépovapor is now applied in Athens to the Pollack-like fish, Micromesistius poutassou (Risso). According to Prof. Horace A. Hoffman “the name yaiéovpovdpor is modern, meaning donkey fish. [aiédovpos=ydadapos—=ass, donkey. The ancients called a certain fish Gvos, ass. Dorio, in Athenzus, VII, 99, says some persons call the ovos (i. e., the fish 6vos) yados. Epicharmus, in his Marriage of Hebe, says: ‘Wide-gaping yavvaz and monstrous- bellied Gvoz.’ (See Aristotle 599b 33, 601a 1, 620b 29, frag. 307, 1530a.) According to Aristotle the dvos has a mouth opening wide (literally, breaking back), like the yadAeoz. It leads a solitary life, is the only fish which has its heart in its belly, has stones in its brain like millstones in form, and is the only fish which lies torpid in the warmest days under the reign of the dog star, Sirius, the other fishes going into this torpid state in the wintriest days. The dvos, Garros, YArra, and Aivyn bury them- selves in the sand, and after they make themselves invisible they wave the things in their mouths which fishermen call little rods or little wands (paBdie). (Hoffman & Jordan, Fishes of Athens, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1887, 146.) a. First ray of first dorsal long, as long as head; head small, 53 in length; teeth rather feeble, uniform. D.59; A.45; P.25. Color uniform brick red. ENSIS, 2933. aa. First ray of first dorsal short, about as long as snout. b. Pectoral rays 22 to 24; upper jaw without cirri or rudimentary barbels along the premaxillary; maxillary reaching posterior border of eye; head 5} in length. D.56; A.45. Color reddish. ARGENTATUS, 2934. bb. Pectoral rays 16; upper jaw with short cirrior barbels along the premaxillary ; maxillary reaching far beyond eye. D.50; A.42. Head4inlength. Color brownish. SEPTENTRIONALIS, 2935. 2933. GAIDROPSARUS ENSIS (Reinhardt). Head 52; depth 44. D. 59; A. 44to46; P. 22to 27; V.8. Body unusu- ally deep, being greatest at the vent; head small; eye rather large, nearly as long as snout, equaling interorbital area, and in anterior half of head; posterior margin of orbit nearly equidistant between tip of snout and posterior margin of operculum. Mouth normal; supramaxillary end- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2559 ing under posterior margin of pupil. Teeth in a narrow band in each jaw, some of those at least in outer row of upper jaw slightly enlarged and brownish colored; teeth of vomer forming a short curved band in 2 rows. Nasal barbel about equaling diameter of eye. Chin barbel small and not much exceeding 4 diameter of eye. Foremost ray of first dorsal springing from back above opercular margin; second dorsal fin low in front, but rising rapidly to seventh or eighth ray, behind which it is nearly uniform for along distance, and the highest at posterior portion; anal fin much lower than second dorsal; caudal slightly emarginate, almost truncate behind, its median rays about $ as long as head; pecto- rals nearly $ as long as head, produced toward the upper angles, the third ray being longest; ventral fins with their bases ‘mostly in advance of pec- torals, the longest ray filamentous and nearly equaling pectoral. Lateral line obsolescent. (Goode & Bean.) Atlantic coast of North America, from Greenland to Cape Hatteras; in deep waters, reaching a depth in the Gulf Stream of 1,081 fathoms. (ensis, sword.) Motella ensis, REINHARDT, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Afhandl., vir, 15, 1838, Greenland. Onos rufus, GILL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 259, Gulf Stream; GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1884, 172; JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 128, 1885. Onos ensis, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 241; GILL, Cat. Fish. E. Coast U. S., 18, 1873; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 797, 1883; JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 128, 1885; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 381, fig. 327, 1896. 2934. GAIDROPSARUS ARGENTATUS (Reinhardt). Head 5; depth 53. D.54t059; A. 450r46. Body elongate; head small; teeth in several rows, 1 row more enlarged than the others; maxillary reaching posterior border of eye; eye large, 5} in head; interorbital space scarcely exceeding the eye. Lateral line with about 27 enlarged pores along its entire length. First ray of first dorsal short, little longer than snout; vent near middle of length. Reddish gray, changing to bluish on the head and abdomen; tips of dorsal, anal, and caudal red, also the bar- bels and first ray of first dorsal; cavity of mouth pale. Coastsof Green- land (Collett), south to Faroé and Bear Islands; not seen by us. There can be no doubt that Motella argentata is the young of the species later called Motella reinhardti. (Eu.) (argentatus, silvered.) Motella argentata, REINHARDT, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Afh., vi, 128, 1838; Greenland; young. Motella reinhardti, KROYER MS., 1852; CoLLetr, Forh. Vid. Selsk. Chr., No. 14, 83, 1878, Greenland. Couchia argentata, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 365, 1862. Ciliata argentata, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 241; GiLL, Cat. Fish. E. Coast U.S., 18, 1873. Onos reinharati, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 241; GILL, Cat. Fish. E. Coast U.S., 18, 1873; Co_LLeTr, Norske Nord-Havs Exp., 131, 1880; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 797, 1883 ; JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 128, 1885; Goopt & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 383,1896. 2935. GAIDROPSARUS SEPTENTRIONALIS (Collett). Head 4; depth 5%. D.50; A.42; P.16. Three barbels, 2 at the nostrils, 1 at the chin, besides a row of about 8 shorter rudimentary barbels along the edge of the upper lip; eye small, } length of snout; cleft of mouth 2560 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. extending far beyond eye, its length nearly equal to that of postorbital part of head; teeth rather small, unequal; outer teeth of upper jaw and some of the inner teeth of lower enlarged; first ray of first dorsal short, about as long as snout; vent midway between tip of snout and last anal ray; lateral line with about 20 large pores. Grayish brown, paler below; cavity of mouth white. Coast of Norway; 1 specimen known from Greenland. (Collett.) (Eu.) (septentrionalis, northern.) Motella septentrionalis, COLLETT, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1874, 15, 82, Lofoten, Norway. Onos septentrionalis, COLLETT, Norske Nord-Havs Exped., 139, 1880; JoRDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 128, 1885. 993. ENCHELYOPUS, Bloch & Schneider. (FOUR-BEARDED ROCKLINGS ) Enchelyopus, BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 50, 1801 (cimbrius; the first species mentioned and the one left as type after elimination of the genera, defined prior to Rhinonemus). Rhinonemus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1883, 241 (cimbrius). Barbels 4, 1 at each nostril, 1 at tip of snout, and 1 at the chin; head high and compressed anteriorly; teeth in narrow bands, some of them enlarged; otherwise essentially as in Gaidropsarus. North Atlantic. (évyedvw7os, resembling an eel; “ facie anguillaris.”’) 2936. ENCHELYOPUS CIMBRIUS (Linnzus). (FOUR-BEARDED ROCKLING.) Head 53; depth 9. D. 45 to 50; A. 41 or 42; V. 5. Body slender, taper- ing from the shoulders back; caudal peduncle narrow, 4 in head; snout moderate, blunt, rounded, not depressed, a little shorter than the eye; eye large, subcircular, 4 in head; interorbital space narrow, equal to ver- tical diameter of eye, 6 in head; teeth villiform, those in the upper jaw unequal, small, with about 8 enlarged in front, those of the lower jaw long and slender, of equal length, a few somewhat enlarged in front; maxillary reaching beyond posterior border of eye, a barbel at each nos- tril, 1 on tip of snout and 1 on chin, stitch-like; lateral line with about 35 enlarged pores along its entire length; first (free) ray of dorsal nearly as long ashead; ventralj head; caudalacute. Light olivaceous (salmon-red) ; first dorsal ray and posterior end of dorsal and anal abruptly black, as is lower half of caudal; pectorals and ventrals pale; sides of head somewhat silvery; cavity of mouth dark bluish. North Atlantic, on both coasts, south in deep water to the Gulf Stream; common in Massachusetts Bay; our speci- mens from Woods Hole; the young (“mackerel midges”) silvery, unlike the adult in appearance. (Eu.) (cimbrius, welsh.) Gadus cimbrius, LINN2US, Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, 1, 440, 1766, Atlantic Ocean; Scania (Coll. Dr. Strussenfelt). Motella caudacuta, STORER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 11, 1848,5, Cape Cod, Province- town, Mass. (Coll. Herman M. Smith); Srorer, Amer. Ac. Sci., 411, 1867; STORER, Hist. Fish. Mass., 183, 1867. 4 Rhinonemus caudacuta, GIL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 241; GoopE & BEAN, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts 1877, 476; JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 128, 1885. Motella cimbria, Nutsson, Prod. Ich. Seand., 48, 1832; BELL, Can. Nat. and Geol., Iv, 209, 1859. Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2561 Onos cimbrius, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 349; GoopE & BEAN, Bull. Essex Inst., X1, 1879; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 797, 1883; GooDE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 217, 1883. Rhinonemus cimbrius, JORDAN, Cat. Fish N, A., 128, 1885; GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthy- ology, 384, fig. 328, 1896. e Enchelyopus cimbricus (misprint for cimbrius), BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ich., 50, pl. 9, 1801. 994. BROSME (Cuvier) Oken. 2 (CUSKS.) Les Brosmes, CUVIER, Régne Animal, Ed. 1, vol. 2, 216, 1817 (brosme). Brosme, OKEN, Isis, 1817, 1182; after CUVIER. : Brosmius, CUVIER, Régne Animal Ed. 2, vol. 11, 334, 1829 (brosme). Body moderately elongate, covered with very smallscales. Mouth rather large, with teeth in the jaws, vomer, and palatines, some of those on the vomer and palatines enlarged; chin with a barbel; branchiostegals 7. Dorsal fin single, continuous, not elevated, not notched; anal fin similar, but shorter; caudal fin rounded; ventral fin several-rayed. Northern seas. (From the Danish vernacular name, brosme. ) 2937. BROSME BROSME (Miiller). (CUSK.) D. 98; A. 71; P. 24; V. 5. Body cylindrical, posteriorly compressed; head flattened above. Mouth large, oblique, maxillary reaching beyond orbit; lower jaw included; several rows of sharp teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; barbel about 5 in head; interorbital greater than the diameter of eye. Origin of dorsal above anterior half of pectoral; pectoral round, 24 in head; caudal rounded behind. Brownish above, the sides yellowish, sometimes mottled with brown; young uniform dark slate color, or with transverse yellow bands; vertical fins bordered with blackish, and witha white edge. (Storer.) North Atlantic, south to Cape Cod and Denmark; rare southward on our coasts. (brosme, a Danish name. ) Gadus brosme, MULLER, Prodr. Zool. Dan., 41, 1776, Denmark; FABRICIUS Fauna Green- landica, 140, 1780. Gadus lubb, EUPHRASEN, Vet. Akad. Hand]. 1794, 223, tab. 8. Gadus torsk, BONNATERRE, Encycl. Meth., 51, 1788, SondmGre, Norway; after Strom. Brosmius vulgaris, FLEMING, British Anim., 194, 1828. Brosmius flavesny, LE SUEUR, Mém. Mus,, v, 1819, 158, Banks of Newfoundland; chin with 2 barbels; lower jaw longest. Brosmius flavescens, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 369, 1862; SvoRER, Hist. Fish. Mass., 368, 1867. Enchelyopus brosme, BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 51, 1801. Brosmius brosme, GUNTHER Cat., Iv, 369, 1862; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 802, 1883; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 385, fig. 329, 1896. Blennius torsk, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 11, 508, 1800. Family CCXV. MACROURID. (THE GRENADIERS. ) Body elongate, tapering into a very long compressed tail, which ends in a point; scales moderate, usuaily keeled or spinous, sometimes smooth. Suborbital bones enlarged, sometimes cavernous. Teeth villiform or cardi- € 2562 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. form, in bands, on the jaws only; tip of lower jaw witha barbel; premaxil- lary protractile. Dorsal fins 2, the first short and high, of stiff, spine-like branched rays; the second dorsal very long, usually of very low feeble rays, continued to the end of the tail; anal fin similar to the second dorsal, but usually much higher; no candal fin; ventrals small, subjugular, each of about 8 rays. Branchiostegals 6 or 7. Lateral line present. Gills 3} or 4, a slit behind the fourth. Gill rakers small; gill membranes free or nar- rowly united to the isthmus, usually more or less connected; pseudo- branchiw wanting or rudimentary; pyloric ceca numerous; air bladder present. Genera 18; species about 50, chiefly of the northern seas, all in deep water. They differ from the codfishes chiefly in the elongate and degenerate condition of the posterior part of the body. Dr. Gill suc- cinctly defines the group as ‘‘Gadoidea with an elongated tail tapering backward and destitute of a candal fin, postpectoral anus, enlarged sub- orbital bones, inferior mouth, subbrachial ventrals, a distinct anterior dorsal, and a long second dorsal and anal converging on end of tail.” We here follow Goode & Bean in the general arrangement of the genera of Macrouride. Some of these can, however, be only provisionally adopted, as the characters of dentition, form of mouth, and character of the second dorsal spine or ray, are subject to much intergradation. These characters seem much more distinct on paper than they are in fact. Still, most of the genera here adopted will ultimately prove valid. (Macruride, Giinther, Cat., 1v, 390-398, 1862.) a. First branchial arch free, without fold of membrane across it; mouth large; second dorsal well developed, higher than the anal. BATHYGADINZE: b. Gills 34; snout short and blunt, the jaws even in front; teeth in villiform bands, sometimes obsolete; bones of head soft and cavernous; scaies smooth; first dorsal low, its spine not produced. BATHYGADUS, 995. TRACHYRINCHINE: 5 bb. Gills 4; snout rather long. c. Teeth in upper jaw in 2 series, the outer enlarged, those in lower jaw in 1 series; mouth subterminal; barbel obsolete; nape withont scale- less foss@; vomer with teeth; bones of head soft and cavernous; tail very long, flagelliform; anal fin with an elevated anterior lobe. STEINDACHNERIA, 996. cc. Teeth in both jaws in villiform bands; barbel developed; mouth inferior; a naked fossa on each side of nape; a row of armed scales along base of dorsal anteriorly ; opercle very small; anal not elevated in front. TRACHYRINCUS, 997. MACROURINZ: aa. First branchial arch with a fold of membrane across its terminal portion; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; barbel well developed. d. Teeth not all in villiform bands, those of lower jaw in 1 series; mouth rather large, with more or less of lateral cleft. e. Upper jaw without villiform band behind the enlarged anterior teeth, the inner teeth, if present chiefly uniserial, not in villiform bands. Jf. Dorsal fins widely separated, the interspace greater than base of first. g- First dorsal with the spine not serrate, its insertion over pectoral or nearly so; pectoral placed high, opposite upper angle of gill cleft; scales small, bristly; bones of head cavernous; ventrals short and weak. MALACOCEPHALUS, 998. gg. First dorsal with its spine more or less strongly serrate; pectoral inserted below upper angie of gill cleft. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2563 h. Seales nearly smooth, with weak ridges which are not spinigerous. MOSELEYA, 999. hh. Seales rough, with strong ridges. NEMATONURUS, 1000. ff. Dorsal fins near together, the interspace less than base of first; scales rough. i. Dorsal spine weak, unarmed or very nearly so; pectorals moder- ate. ALBATROSSIA, 1001. ii. Dorsal spine very strongly serrate; pectorals very long. Boaosiovius, 1002. ee. Upper jaw with a distinct villiform band behind the outer series of enlarged teeth; dorsal spine serrate; dorsal fins not widely separated. CHALINURA, 1003. dd. Teeth in villiform bands above and below, the outer scarcely enlarged and not separated from the rest; the lower band sometimes becoming a single series laterally; scales rough. j. Mouth wide, with considerable lateral cleft. k. Dorsal spine finely barbed; skull rather firm; dorsals moderately separated. CORYPHENOIDES, 1004. kk. Dorsal spine entirely smooth; bones of skull very thin and papery; dorsals well separated. HYMENOCEPHALDS, 1005. jj. Mouth inferior, small, with little lateral cleft; a more or less distinct ridge across the suborbital region. l, Seales spinous, very rough. m. Seales distinct, regularly imbricated. n. Long dorsal spine serrate in front; mouth subinferior, below the short snout. MaAcrourus, 1006. nn. Long dorsal spine smooth; mouth wholly inferior, below the long sturgeon-like snout. Ca:LORHYNCHUs, 1007. mm. Seales indistinct, scarcely imbricated ; the whole body rough- villous; dorsal spine smooth. TRACHONURUS, 1008. UW. Seales all thin and smooth, dorsal fin slightly serrulate. LIonuRuvs, 1009. 995. BATHYGADUS, Giinther. Bathygadus, GUNTHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, 23 (cottoides). Head large, fleshy, without prominent ridges, spiny armature or exter- nal depressions; nape elevated, hump-like. Snout broad, obtuse, not produced; mouth terminal very large, with small villiform teeth or none; suborbital ridge very low, not joined to the angle of the preoperculum. Maxillary entirely received within a groove under the prefrontal and sub- orbital bones, its tips narrowed and )lade-like; premaxillaries protractile downward, separated anteriorly, rib-shaped, compressed vertically, very broad and without true teeth; provided posteriorly with a short flange, which is received under the maxillary; mandible received within the intermaxillary bones, without true teeth, but with minute asperities, sim- ilar to those in the upper jaw; vomer and palatines toothless. Barbel sometimes present. No pseudobranchiie. Gill rakers numerous, moder- ate, lanceolate, with minute denticulations along their inner edge. Branchiostegal membrane free from the isthmus, deeply cleft. Branchi- ostegals 7, very stiff. Gill opening very wide; gills 34; anterior gill arch free. Operculum with a blunt, spine-like prominence at its angle. Ven- trals below the pectorals, many-rayed, the anterior rays produced; dor- sal consisting for the most part of branched rays, higher than the anal, the 2564 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. first dorsal low, without differentiated spine. Scales cycloid, unarmed; lateral line strongly arched over the pectoral. Deep seas. This genus differs from Macrourus and its allies in the structure of both the first and last gill arches. It is perhaps the most primitive of the family and as such is nearest allied to the Gadide. (fabvs, deep; Gadus, codfish.) a. Pectoral and ventral fins moderate, not much, if any, longer than head. b. Jaws without teeth; pectoral fin broad, of 25 rays; depth 53 in length. ARCUATUS, 2938. bb. Jaws with small teeth; pectoral fin narrow; depth 6 to 6} in length. ce. Eye moderate, 5 in head; pectoral rays 14, the fin 4 as long as head. FAVOSUS, 2939, cc. Eye very large, 22 in head; pectoral as long as head without snout. MACROPS, 2940. aa. Pectoral and ventral fins much produced, much longer than head, each reaching about halfway to tip of caudal; depth 74 in length; pectoral rays 13. LONGIFILIS, 2941, 2938. BATHYGADUS ARCUATUS, Goode & Bean. Head 5 in total length; depth 53; eye 44 in head; snout 44. D. II, 9 or 10-135; A. 120; P. 25; V. 8; scales 8-140-13 or 14 (counting backward from vent to lateral line), 22 counting forward. Body shaped much as in Chalinura simula, but the nape still more convex; back gibbous, the dor- sal outline rising rapidly from interorbital region to origin of first dorsal, whence it descends gradually to end of tail. Scales moderate, cycloid, subovate, without armature, those of abdominal region and those above pectorals the largest; lateral line strongly arched over the pectorals, length of the arched portion contained about 3} times in straight portion, great- est height of arch about }its chord; scales covering all parts of head except jaws and chin. Interorbital area flat, its width 6 in head; post- orbital portion of head about 2} times diameter of eye; operculum termi- nating in a flat obtuse spine, its length, including the flap, about equal to diameter of eye; preoperculum entire, with a prominent ridge in advance of its posterior edge; snout very broad, obtuse, the intermaxillaries extending beyond it, its width at nostrils equal to about twice length of eye; posterior extremities of intermaxillary processes elevated, producing a decided hump upon top of snout; ridge formed by prefrontal and sub- orbital bones terminating very slightly behind posterior margin of orbit, and not connected with angle of preoperculum. Nostrils immediately in front of lower part of eye, not tubular, the anterior one very small, pore- like, only about } as large as posterior one; distance of anterior nostril from tip of snout about ¢ length of eye. Length of barbel 67 in length of body, and equal to length of head without snout, more than 3 times as long as eye. No true teeth, the intermaxillaries and mandible being broad plates, covered with minute asperities; a naked space at the symphysis of intermaxillaries; distance of first dorsal from snout nearly 3} times length of its base, the first spine minute, the second (in the type) somewhat mutilated, its length nearly 3 in length of head, not stouter than the branched rays, and entirely smooth; second dorsal fin separated from first by a very short interspace, equal to about + of length of eye, its rays long, subequal, the first slightly the longest, its length equal to that of base of Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2565 first dorsal; anal much lower than dorsal, the longest rays being in front, its third ray about $ as long as first ray of second dorsal; this fin inserted under the seventh ray of second dorsal; about 3 of the terminal anal rays might be considered caudal rays; pectoral inserted slightly in advance of ventral, which is in about the same vertical with the origin of the first dorsal, second ray of pectoral slightly produced; length of pectoral equal to that of head without snout; ventral insertion distant from tip of snout a distance equal to that of first dorsal from snout, the first and second rays filamentous, the latter slightly the longer, and extending to the fifteenth or eighteenth ray of anal fin. Color brown; vertical fins bluish or black; peritoneum black; inside of gill covers and roof of mouth bluish. (Goode & Bean.) West Indies and Gulf of Mexico. Three specimens known; the type from near Martinique. (arcuatus, arched.) Bathygadus arcuatus, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xu, No. 5, 158, 1883, off Martinique, in 334 fathoms (Coll. Blake); GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic tchthyology, 421, 1896. 2939. BATHYGADUS FAVOSUS, Goode & Bean. Head 5} in total length; depth about 6; eye 5 in head; snout about 4. D. II, 9-125; A. 110; V.9; P. 14; B.7; scales 10-135-16. Body heavy, stout, the profile descending gradually and in a slight curve from first dor- sal to snout. Scales small, deciduous, cycloid, without armature; interor- bital area slightly convex, its greatest width about 3 in head; the postor- bital part of head 23 times as long as eye; snout broad, oblique, its width at the nostrils a little more than that of interorbital area; nostrils close to and in front of middle of eye, the posterior somewhat the larger; no barbel. Teeth in both jaws in villiform bands, a naked space at symphysis of intermaxillaries; intermaxillary bands more than twice as wide as those of mandible; vomer and palatines toothless. Gill rakers 20 + 25, the longest on anterior arch slightly more than + eye; pseudobran- chie present, very rudimentary in some individuals, in others wanting or present only on one side; first dorsal distant from snout a distance slightly more than length of head, length of its base about equal to width of snout at nostrils, the fin cousisting of 2 spines, the first minute, and 9 branched rays; length of longest dorsal spine, which is armed, 2 in head; second dorsal beginning immediately behind first, the membrane being continuous; anterior rays longest, apparently about } length of head; anal lower than second dorsal, its distance from snout about equal to 4 of total length; pectoral inserted under anterior rays of first dorsal and very slightly in advance of origin of ventral, its length more than 4 that of head; distance of ventral from snout 5 times in total length; this fin inserted nearly under base of pectoral; the first ray somewhat pro- duced, its tip reaching to fourth ray of anal fin. Color bluish brown, darkest upon head and abdomen. WestIndies. The type specimen, 350 mm. in length, was obtained by the Blake from Station LXXX, off Martinique, ata depth of 472 fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) ( favosus, like honeycomb.) Bathygadus favosus, GOODE & BEAN. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x11, No. 5, 160, 1883, off Mar- tinique in 472 fathoms (Coll. Blake); GooDE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 420, fig. 352, 1896. 2566 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2940. BATHYGADUS MACROPS, Goode & Bean. Head 5} in total length; depth 64; eye 2% in head; snout 5. D. II, 8—about 125; V. 8. Body somewhat compressed; scales small, decid- uous, about 25 rows in an oblique line from the vent to the dorsal fin, 24 from the upper angle of operculum to the vertical through origin of the anal; interorbital area nearly flat, its width 4 in head; postor- bital part of head somewhat longer than diameter of eye; snout broad, obtuse; nostrils close to eye, the posterior nearly twice as large as anterior one; maxillary extending to vertical through posterior margin of orbit, its length equal to that of head without its postorbital portion; length of mandible 3 times that of snout; intermaxillaries and mandible provided with narrow bands of villiform teeth, those of the mandible much shorter. A minute barbel, about 4 as long as snout. Vomer and palate toothless. Gill rakers lanceolate, elongate, 7 + 26, the longest 7 in head; pseudobranchi: e absent; distance of first dorsal from snout nearly 5 times in total length, second or longest ray in the typical specimen twice length of snout; second dorsal almost continuous with the first, its anterior rays the longest, about 4 times in length of head; anal inserted under fourteenth ray of second dorsal, its rays all very short; in a dis- tance equal to length of head, counting back from insertion, there are 33 rays; pectoral inserted under first branched ray of first dorsal, its length in the most nearly perfect specimens equaling length of head without snout; ventral origin very slightly behind origin of pectoral under third branched ray of dorsal, reaching nearly to vent when laid back, its length equaling 3 times that of the snout. Branchiostegals 7. Color yellowish gray, lighter below. (Goode & Bean.) In deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico off the United States coast, in 321 to 347 fathoms. (uaxpds, large; wy, eye.) Bathygadus macrops, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1885, 598, Gulf of Mexico, Lat. 28° 34’ N., Long. 86° 48 W., in 335 fathoms (Type, No. 37339. Coll. Albatross) ; GinrueR, Challenger Report, xxu, 156, 1887; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 423, 1896. ‘ 2941. BATHYGADUS LONGIFILIS, Goode & Bean. Head about 53 in total length; depth 7}; eye 4in head; snout4. D. II, 8 or J—about 140; P.13; V.8; scales about 142. Body more compressed than in &. macrops; scales small, cycloid, deciduous, about 25 rows from the vent upward and forward to the dorsal fin, interorbital area flattened, its greatest width 3} times in total length of head; postorbital portion of head twice as long as eye; snout and nostrils normal; maxillary reaching somewhat beyond posterior margin of orbit, its length twice in distance from snout to origin of first dorsal; length of mandible 2} times in snout; barbel slender, long, its length equal to 14 times orbital diameter. Teeth in narrow villiform bands in each jaw, none on vomer or palatine bones; vill rakers very long and slender, numerous, 17 + 35, the longest nearly 6 in head; pseudobranchie absent; first dorsal of 2 stout spines, the first minute, the second elongate, and 8 or 9 branched rays, its distance from snout 5} in total; second or longest simple ray nearly 8 times length of Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2567 snout, and reaching to or beyond the thirtieth ray of the second dorsal; second dorsal almost continuous with the first, its anterior rays longest and not diminishing rapidly in size toward tail; anal inserted under ninth ray of second dorsal, its rays much shorter than those of dorsal, and situ- ated about same distance apart; pectorals inserted under anterior portion of first dorsal, first ray much produced, extending more than halfway from its insertion to tip of tail; ventral origin slightly behind origin of pectoral, under third branched ray of dorsal, its first ray much enlarged, extending more than halfway from its insertion to tip of caudal, its length 21 times in total length; branchiostegals 7. Color yellowish gray, abdo- men bluish. This form is closely allied to B.-multifilis, described by Giin- ther from off the Philippines (Challenger Report, xx1I, 155, pl. 42, fig. B, 1887), which, however, appears to have a smaller eye, less elongate fila- ments, and ventrals inserted in advance of the first dorsal, while the anal appears to be further back, under the twelfth or thirteenth ray of second dorsal. Both species are provided with long, slender barbels; in other respects they are closer to B. cottoides, the typical species, than to Bb. mac- rops. (Goode & Bean.) Deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico, in 525 to 739 fathoms. (longus, long; filum, thread.) Bathygadus longifilis, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 599, Gulf of Mexico, Lat. 28° 47' 30’ N., Long. 87° 27’ W., in 724 fathoms (Type, No. 37338. Coll. Albatross) ; GinTHER, Challenger Report, xx11, 157, 1887; ALCcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1890, 302; ALcock, l. c. 1891, 123; GOoDE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 422, 1896. Hymenocephalus longijilis, VAILLANT, Exp. Sci. Trav. et Tails, 218, pl. 23, fig. 1, 1888. 996. STEINDACHNERIA, GoopE & BEAN. Steindachneria, GOODE & BEAN, in AGAssiz, Three Cruises of the Blake, 11, 26, 1888 (no type; short diagnosis*); not Steindachneria, EIGENMANN, Nematognathi, Occasional Papers, 1, Cal. Ac. Sci. 1890, 100 and 202, a genus of Siluroid fishes. Steindachneria, GOODE & BEAN, Qceanic Ichthyology, 419, 1896 (argentea). Steindachnerella,t EIGENMANN, American Naturalist, February, 1897, 159 (argentea). Body compressed, with tapering tail. Mouth large, terminal. Dorsal fins continuous, both elevated anteriorly; anal divided, the anterior por- tion elevated, the posterior low. Teeth in each jaw biserial, the outer much enlarged, vomerine teeth present. Bones of head soft and cavernous. Eye large. Gill membranes connected anteriorly, free from the isthmus. Gill rakers slender, rather numerous; vent in anterior third of Jength. No pseudobranchiz. Branchiostegals 7. No barbel. Pectorals and ventrals both below first dorsal. Scales thin, cycloid, deciduous. Deep seas. (‘This remarkable genus is named in honor of Dr. Franz Steindachner, Custos of the Imperial Zoological Museum of Vienna,” one of the ablest naturalists of the century.) a “Steindachnerta,; a Macruroid with a high differentiated first anal spine.” (Goode & ean.) _ t As the original diagnosis of the Macrourid genus Steindachneria, although very short, is correct and sufficient for identification, the name in question should be retained for it rather than Steindachnerella, and the Silurid genus Steindachneria, Eigenmann should receive a hew name. 2568 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2942. STEINDACHNERIA ARGENTEA, Goode & Bean. Head 5} in total; depth 74, at anal origin 8; eye 3} in head; snout about 54; interorbital width 54; maxillary 2; premaxillary 2; mandible1}; gill rakers 4 or 5+19; D. VIII, 123+; A. 10+113; P.15; V.8. Head and body compressed; tail tapering to a very fine point. Scales small, decid- uous, cycloid, 6 rows between lateral line and origin of soft dorsal. Nos- trils nearer eye than end of snout, the anterior nostril nearly circular, the posterior much longer and slightly concave; no barbel. Maxillary dilated at the extremity and somewhat produced downward into an obtuse point, reaching nearly to a vertical at posterior margin of orbit, and concealed by the preorbital; premaxillaries slightly protractile, much attenuated posteriorly; mandible reaching slightly behind eye. Premaxillary and mandibular teeth biserial, those of the outer series enlarged and rather widely set, some of the enlarged teeth slightly sagittate at tip; vomerine teeth well developed; upper pharyngeal teeth in 2 broad, well-developed patches. Gill rakers slender, the longest about 2 in eye. Distance from snout to first dorsal about + total Jength, the first spine elongate, filiform, and reaching fourteenth ray of second dorsal; base of first dorsal about 1 in head; longest ray of second dorsal about 2} in head, the rays diminish- ing in size rapidly, the last minute; origin of anal under sixth ray of second dorsal, not far behind the vent, the anterior elevated portion con- sisting of 10 rays, all of which except the first are divided, the second ray longest, twice length of eye, the tenth ray only about + length of second, and separated by a small membrane from rest of fin which consists of very minute rays. Vent under fourth ray of second dorsal. Origin of ventrals under base of pectorals and about under third spine of first dorsal; first ventral ray filamentous, reaching origin of anal; pectoral reaching to below fifteenth ray of second dorsal. Gulf of Mexico. Only the type known. Length 233mm. (argenteus, silvery.) Steindachneria argentea, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 419, fig. 351, 1896, off delta of Mississispi River, Lat. 39° 14/30’’ N., Long. 88°09’ 30!’ W., in 68fathoms. (Type, No. 37350. Coll. Albatross.) 997. TRACHYRINCUS, Giorna. Trachyrincus, GIORNA, Mem. Accad. Imp. Turin, XVI, 1803, 178 (no type mentioned). Lepidoleprus, Risso, Ichth. Nice, 197, 1810 (trachyrincus). Oxycephas, RAFINESQUE, Caratteri, 31, 1810 (scabrus—trachyrincus). Lepidosoma, SwWAINSON, Nat. Hist. Class’n Fish., 1, 261, 1839 (¢rachyrhynchus). Trachyrhynchus, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, xx, 152, 1887; corrected spelling. Snout produced in a long depressed process which is sharply pointed in front, with a sharp lateral edge, which is continued in a straight line across the suborbital region. Mouth inferior, horseshoe-shaped, placed like the mouth of a sturgeon. Teeth in both jaws in villiform bands; chin with a barbel; a scaleless fossa on each side of nape. Second dorsal well developed. Scales moderate, spinigerous; a series of larger scales, cach armed with a projecting ridge, along each side of base of dorsal and anal anteriorly. Opercle small. Gill membranes scarcely united; gills 4; first gill arch free, with short, styliform gill rakers. Deep seas. This Jordan and Evermann.—Ffishes of North America, 2569 genus and its allies differ from Macrourus in the important character of the structure of the first gill arch. (reayvs, rough; Pvyyxos, snout; hence properly, but not originally, spelled Trachyrrhynchus. ) 2943. TRACHYRINCUS HELOLEPIS, Gilbert. Head 3} in total; depth 7; eye large, 4 in head, = interorbital width; snout 23, its greatest width 17 inits length. D.11. Snout depressed, flat, narrowly triangular, tapering to a sharp point, its lateral ridges con- tinuous backward over suborbital chain and across cheek. Interorbital space wide and flat. Ethmoidal ridge not prominent. Mouth wholly inferior, U-shaped, overpassed by the snout by a. distance contained 3} in head. Barbel slender, short, less than } diameter of orbit. Teeth finely villiform, in very broad bands in each jaw, none of them enlarged. Max- illary reaching to or almost to vertical from hinder margin of orbit, 34 in head. Opercle very small, triangular, its length behind preopercular margin scarcely more than 4 diameter of orbit; outer gill arch not adnate to the opercle, its lower limb with 17 short gill rakers, which are not tubercular. Distance of dorsal fin from nape 3+ in head, the 2 dorsal fins closely approximated; second dorsal ray not spine-like, soft and flexible, and not longer than the succeeding rays, its length } the diameter of orbit. Vent located immediately in front of origin of anal fin, its distance from ventrals 14 in head. Ventrals short, inserted well in advance of base of pectorals, the outer ray little produced, its length 14in diameter of orbit. Seales all with their margins embedded, and therefore appearing non- imbricated, the central portion of each projecting, tubercle-like, and bearing a single strong central spine, with sometimes 2 or 3 smaller ones; belly and breast sometimes covered with much smaller scales similarly armed; no naked area between bases of ventrals; enlarged plates along bases of dorsals and anal bearing each a strong compressed backwardly- curved spine, usually without distinct serrations; from the base of the central spine radiate lines of short spinous points; dorsal series of plates continued forward to the nape, the predorsal portion of the included groove covered with scales; ventral series scarcely extending beyond vent, but extending farther posteriorly than do the dorsal plates; scales on top of head with a median serrated ridge; temporal fossze small but evident, naked. Color apparently dark brown; gill cavity and perito- neum black. Pacific Ocean, off the coast of Central America, in deep water. Only the type known, a specimen 18 inches long. (7Aos, tubercle; Aemis, scale.) Trachyrhynchus helolepis, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 562, Pacific Coast of Cen- tral America in deep water. (Type, No. 48205.) 998. MALACOCEPHALUS, Giinther. Malacocephalus, GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., rv, 396, 1862 (levis). Intermaxillary teeth biserial, mandibulary teeth uniserial. Mouth lat- eral; snouth short, obtuse. Head without prominent ridges, with wide muciferous cavities. Dorsal fin over origin of pectorals, its longest spine 3030——84 2570 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. smooth; dorsal fins widely separated. Pectorals short, placed high, oppo- site upper angle of gill cleft. Scalessmall, bristly. Origin of lateral line at upper angle of gill cleft. (saAaxds, soft; xe¢aA7, head.) 2944, MALACOCEPHALUS OCCIDENTALIS, Goode & Bean. Eye 2} in head; barbel slightly longer than eye; snout 4 in head; inter- orbital space 4. Agreeing with Giinther’s description of M. levis, but differing in the position of the vent, the ventrals, and the anal fin, the last commencing at a distance behind the vent equal to length of snout; dis- tance of vent from origin of ventrals less than its distance from origin of anal; ventrals originate under middle of first dorsal; origin of pectorals under that of first dorsal, the pectorals as long as head without postorbital flap; ventrals reaching to or slightly beyond origin of anal. Gill rakers rudimentary, z+11. Second dorsal spine nearly equal to length of head; first branched dorsal ray about as long as head. Atlantic Ocean, off Cape Hatteras, and Caribbean Sea. Length 84 inches; a doubtful species, perhaps identical with M. levis. (occidentalis, western.) Malacocephalus occidentalis, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 597, off Cape Hat- teras, at Albatross Station 2310, Lat. 35° 44’ N., Long. 79° 51’ W., in 132 fathoms. (Type, No. 37336.) 999. MOSELEYA, Goode & Bean. Moseleya, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 417, 1896 (longifilis). This genus is near Nematonurus, having the mouth small, the upper teeth in 1 or 2 series, the dorsal spine weakly serrate, and the dorsal fins well separated. The chief difference lies in the scales, which are feebly ridged and nearly or quite smooth. The typical species, M, longifilis (Giin- ther), is from off the coast of Japan. (‘‘Named in honor of Prof. Henry N. Moseley, F. R.S., of Oxford University, whose contributions to natural history while naturalist of H. M. 8. Challenger we desire to commem- orate.”’) 2945. MOSELEYA CYCLOLEPIS (Gilbert). Dorsal II-8 or 9; ventral 12; eye 44 in head; snout 32; maxillary 23. Head smooth, compressed, without conspicuous ridges; median and lat- eral rostral ridges terminating in slightly projecting points, the median process, a short portion of the median ridge, and the edge of the membrane connecting median with lateral processes, with spinous scales and points. Snout projecting beyond the premaxillaries for } its length. Eye small, less than snout, very slightly exceeding interorbital space; mouth small, wholly inferior, maxillary reaching vertical from posterior margin of pupil. Premaxillary teeth in 2 series, the outer similar to those in mandi- ble, not enlarged or canine-like, the inner series smaller, directed obliquely backward; a single series of teeth in mandible, not widening into a patch at symphysis. Barbel thick at base, } length of snout. Preopercle incurved above the angle, the lower limb expanded, the marginal region striate. First dorsal inserted behind axil of pectoral (second spine broken in both specimens examined), the basal portion smooth, a single sharp Jordan and Evermann,.—Fishes of North America, 2571 barb showing that the spine is serrate; base of first dorsal equals length of snout; interspace between dorsals exceeding length of first dorsal base by 4 to 2 length of latter. Vent immediately in advance of origin of anal, under miuidie of interspace between dorsals; dorsal low and inconspicuous and the anal higher, as usual in this group; pectorals very slender, 15%; in length of head; outer ventral ray filamentous, reaching third or fourth analray. Scales mostly lost, the few remaining on head either entirely smooth or bearing a single median keel with 1 or 2 lowspinous points; those on body without spines, either entirely smooth or showing traces of a low median keel; 6 scales in an oblique series between lateral line and middle of base of dorsal. Color dark brown, the anterior portion of back and sides with small scattered black spots; opercles, lower side of head ineclud- ing gill membranes and ventral area black, as are also the mouth and gill cavity and the peritoneum. A species with the general appearance, includ- ing the protruding snout, the inferior mouth and comparatively weak den- tition of Nematonurus armatus and N. affinis, but with the dorsals less widely separated, the vent anterior in position, and the scales unarmed, as in Moseleya longifilis. (Gilbert.) Coast of British Columbia. ‘Two specimens, the longest 150 mm., from Station 3342, off Queen Charlotte Islands, depth 1,588 fathoms. (xvUxAos, circle; AEezis, scale.) Nematonurus cyclolepis, GILBERT, Rept. U. S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 458, off Queen Charlotte Islands, at Albatross Station 3342, in 1,588 fathoms. 1000. NEMATONURUS, Giinther. Nematonurus, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, Deep-Sea Fishes, xxl, 124, 150, 1887 (armatus). Body rather robust, covered with rough, strongly-ridged scales. Head short; mouth small or moderate, more or less inferior; teeth in upper jaw rather strong, in 1 series or nearly so; lower teeth uniserial; mucous cavities small; pectoral fin inserted low, below upper angle of gill cleft; ventrals well developed, the outer ray filamentous; long ray of dorsal serrated; space between dorsals long, much greater than length of first dorsal. Deep seas. A well-marked genus, distinguished by its rough, firm scales and the wide space between dorsals. (v/ua, thread; ova, tail.) a. Depth 64 in length; scales without distinct median keel. GOODEI, 2946. aa. Depth 54 in length; scales with the median keel prominent; suborbital narrow, with well-marked mucous partitions. SUBORBITALIS, 2947. 2946. NEMATONURUS GOODEI* (Ginther). Head 53; depth 64; eye 5 in head; snout 44; interorbital width 44; postorbital part of head 84; first dorsal II, 8 or 9; second dorsal 105; A. 110; P.20; V.10; scales 7-150-18, small, strong, free portions covered by series of small vitreous spines arranged in about 6 rows; no specialization of the central row, though the median spine at margin of scale projects * By some inadvertence this species is recorded by Goode & Bean as a Hymenocephalus (Oceanic Ichth., 407). On p. 408 it is said to be a Nematonurus. It has obviously ne affinity with Hymenocephalus, and is, in fact, an ally of Nematonurus armatus, 2572 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. most strongly and is longest. Width of interorbital area a little greater than horizontal diameter of orbit and length of operculum; snout trian- gular, depressed, its tip in axis of body nearly on a level with lower mar- gin of eye, its lower surface forming an angle with the body axis, about equal to that formed with same by its upper profile; superior ridge pro- nounced anteriorly, but ending in advance of concavity in interorbital space; lateral ridges prominent, continuing posteriorly to eye, with strong angular projections in front of nostrils; no ridges continued from supraorbital region; nostrils rather close to eye; barbel shorter than eye; tip of lower jaw under anterior nostril; cleft of mouth under posterior margin of orbit; under surface of head naked, with the exception of a few minute, spiny tubercles on under surface of mandible; suborbital ridge very slightly developed; the intermaxillary a long bone, nearly as long as the maxillary; mouth large; teeth on intermaxillary in a double series, those of the outer series much larger than the inner; teeth in man- dible uniserial. Dorsal spine strongly serrated; distance of first dorsal from snout equal to nearly 4 times length of its base, its distance from anterior margin of orbit equal to length of head; first spine minute, second strongly serrated, nearly # length of head, when laid down is far from reaching origin of second dorsal; when the fin is erect its superior margin is nearly at right angles to plane of back and slightly convex; distance between dorsals twice length of base of first, the second begin- ning in the perpendicular from fifth ray of anal; anal about 3 times as high as second dorsal; vent under thirtieth scale of lateral line directly in advance of the anal and at a distance from ventral considerably greater than length of that fin; distance of pectoral from snout slightly more than length of head, its length less than that of dorsal spine, slightly more than + its distance from the snout, its insertion (upper axil) in mid- dle line of body; insertion of ventral under that of pectoral, slightly in advance of that of dorsal, its first ray not greatly prolonged, about 4 length of distance of fin from snout; branchiostegal membrane narrowly attached to the isthmus, leaving no free margin behind; gill rakers very small tubercles, only 10 below angle on first arch. Color dark reddish brown, spines upon the scales with a metallic luster; young with 3 stel- late bosses upon snout, 1 at tip, 1 at some distance upon each side. Length of specimen described 322 millimeters. (Goode & Bean.) Gulf Stream, from Cape Cod to Havana; generally abundant. (Named for George Brown Goode. ) Macrurus asper, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 196, 1883, Gulf Stream south of New England, Lat. 41° 24’ 25’’ N., Long. 65° 35’ 30’ W., in 1,242 fathoms; name preoccupied by Macrurus asper, GUNTHER; JORDAN, Cat., 131, 1885. Macrurus goodei, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, XxU, 136, 1887; substitute for Macrurus asper. eisai goodei, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 407, fig. 340, 1896. 2947, NEMATONURUS SUBORBITALIS (Gill & Townsend). Head 51; depth 54; eye 5 in head; snout 43; maxillary 2%. D. 12-85; A. 102; P. 19; V.11. Mouth wholly inferior; scales closely adherent and rather large, mostly short and roundish, with considerable exposed sur- Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2573 faces, having radiating ridges beset with weak spines; head a little more than } of the entire length; snout projecting but little; median and lat- eral tubercles faintly developed; infraorbital narrow, divided into 2 well marked areas, an upper wider, distinguised by the glassy tubercular scales, and the narrow lower, almost skinny and scaleless; the ridge independ- ently, is little marked; teeth biserial in the upper jaw, robust in the outer row, very weak in the inner; uniserial in lower jaw and scarcely incurved; dorsal spine strongly serrate, 14 in head; pectoral 1% in head; ventrals 1} in head, with short filaments, reaching vent; interspace between dorsals } greater than base of first. Bering Sea. Only the type, 20 inches long, known, the above description taken from it by us. (subor- bitalis, pertaining to the region below the eye.) Maerurus (Nematonurus) suborbitalis, GILL & TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xt, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 234, Bering Sea, southwest of Pribilof Islands, Albatross Station 3603, in 1,771 fathoms. (Type, No. 48773, U.S. Nat.Mus. Coll. Albatross.) toor. ALBATROSSIA, Jordan & Evermann, new genus. Albatrossia, JORDAN & EVERMANN, new genus (pectoralis). This genus has the form and appearance of Chalinura, with the dentition of Nematonurus, and the dorsal spines of Malacocephalus and Optonurus ; teeth in the upper jaw strong, in an irregular double series, the outer enlarged; the inner series growing double with age; lower teeth uniserial or nearly so; scales small, rather firm, rough; dorsal spine weak, smooth or very slightly serrate; dorsal fins close together; ventrals well developed; pectorals moderate. Size large. (Named for the good ship Albatross, in remembrance of her splendid contributions to our knowledge of the life of the deep seas.) 2948. ALBATROSSIA PECTORALIS (Gilbert). Head 6 in total; depth 12 in head; eye 44 to 5 in head, 1} in snout. D, X-128; A. 121; V. 7; P. 17; mouth wide, lateral, the short snout pro- jecting beyond premaxillaries for a distance about equaling } diameter of orbit; suborbital ridge and lateral ridge on snout inconspicuous; a strong median ridge on snout and a pair of parallel ridges forward from above nostrils; maxillary reaching well behind vertical from posterior margin of orbit, 24 in head; teeth in 2 somewhat irregular series in front of pre- maxillaries, the outer series enlarged, the inner directed obliquely inward, the two series merging into one laterally; mandible with a single row, ‘similar to inner series of upper jaw; barbel short, 2 to ? diameter of orbit; angle of preopercle bluntly rounded, not produced; outer gill arch adnate, as usual in Macrourus, 7 short tubercular gill rakers present on its free portion; first dorsal spine slender and weak, with 1 or 2 small retrorse prickles near its middle; distance between dorsals equal to 2 base of first; vent immediately in front of anal origin, its distance from base of ventrals slightly more than 4 head; pectorals long and narrow, reaching vertical from ninth or tenth ray of second dorsal, more than } length of head; outer ventral ray produced into a long slender filament, reaching 4 the 2574 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, distance from its base to front of anal; scales rather small, 10 or 11 ina series between lateral line and origin of second dorsal or middle of first dorsal; scales on sides very thin and flexible, readily deciduous, each furnished with low diverging ridges, usually 3 in number, bearing few minute spinules, and projecting but little beyond the margins of the scales; entire head, including snout and mandibles, invested with much smaller scales irregularly imbricated, those on the opercles marked simi- larly to those on sides, the others usually each with a single median ridge terminating in a spinous point; no naked spots or pits on head or between ventral fins; a small narrow area behind and below axil of pectorals. Color light grayish, darker on belly and head; mouth, gill cavity, and peritoneum black; lateral line black; dorsals and ventrals dusky ; anal lighter, edged with blackish; pectorals black. Bering Sea to Oregon. Specimens have been taken at Albatross Stations 3071, 3074, and 3075, in depths of 685 to 877 fathoms, off the coast of Oregon, and from near Bogos- lof Island in Bering Sea in 664 fathoms. It isa large, firm-fleshed species, easily recognized. (pectoralis, pertaining to the pectoral.) Macrurus (Malacocephalus) pectoralis, GILBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1891, 563, off the coast of Oregon. (Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) Macrurus (Nematonurus) magnus,* GILL & TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 234, Bering Sea, southwest of Pribilof Islands. (Types, No, 48770 and 48771, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) Albatrossia pectoralis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Report Fur Seal Invest., 1898. 1002. BOGOSLOVIUS, Jordan & Evermann, new genus. Bogoslovius, JoRDAN & EVERMANN, new genus (clarki). This genus is close to Chalinura, from which it is distinguished by its dentition, having the teeth in the upper jaw in 2 series, the outer slender and sharp, slightly arrow-shaped; those of the inner small, close set, replacing the villiform band of Chalinura. Scales excessively rough; ven- tral filament produced; dorsal spine filamentous, sharply serrate; dorsal fins close together; pectorals inserted below upper angle of gill opening. Deep seas. (Named for the voleanic island, St. John Bogoslof, in Bering Sea, near which the typical species was dredged.) a. Ventrals much longer than head, reaching far beyond front of anal. CLARKI, 2949. aa. Ventrals shorter than head, scarcely reaching front of anal. FIRMISQUAMIS, 2950. * We have examined the type and cotypes of Macrurus (Nematonurus) magnus, Gill & Townsend, and find them to agree fully with Albatrossia pectoralis (Gilbert). The type may be redescribed as follows: Head 54; depth 74; eye 44 in head ; snout 42 to 43; maxillary 24; pectoral 2 in head; ventral with short filament, 2} in head. Mouth large, with lat- eral cleft. Dorsals well separated, the interspace not 4 base of first dorsal; long dorsal spine smooth, or with 1 or 2 roughnesses near its tip, its length 32 in head; second dorsal low; pectoral inserted low, below angle of opercle. Scales moderately large, readily deciduous, decidedly oblong or long, with a small exposed surface which is beset with about 5 radiating ridges with conspicuous spinigerous ridges on dorsal surface, but not armed at tip; head regnlarly conical; snout rather long, projecting 4 its length beyond mandible; tubercles feebly developed, plain, and continuous from 3 parallel ridges; infra- orbital flat, with the crest rather nearer the orbit than its lower margin; its entire surface scaly ; teeth in the upper jaw biserial or triserialin front, the outer series strongly hooked, the inner series considerably smaller and well separated from the outer series; anirregular series between in the type specimen; teeth in lower jaw uniserial or irregularly biserial. Three specimens, the largest (type of Jf, magnus) 43 inches long, Jordan and Evermann.— Fishes of North America, 2575 2949. BOGOSLOVIUS CLARKI, Jordan & Gilbert. Eye 42 in head; maxillary 24. D.II,12- ; P.19; V.10. Snout short, slightly exceeding diameter of eye, 3°; in head; median and nasal ridges very little projecting anteriorly, without radiating spines; tip of snout very little projecting beyond the mouth, for a distance not exceeding 4 the interspace between ends of median and nasalridges. Suborbital ridge inconspicuous, scarcely extending beyond the eye; mucous pores on head prominent. Mouth large, oblique, the lower jaw included, the maxillary nearly reaching vertical from posterior edge of orbit. Outer premaxillary teeth slender, sharp, unequal, rather distant, not very strong, slightly widened and arrow-shaped near tip, becoming very small toward angle of mouth; within this, and well separated from it, a close-set series of short teeth directed inward. Mandibular teeth slender, unequal, in a single series corresponding to outer series in upper jaw, slightly widening at symphysis, which is not prominent. Barbel very short, less than 4 diam- eter of pupil. Eye of moderate size, equaling distance from tip of snout to middle of anterior nostril, 1; in interorbital width. Preopercle broadly rounded, the angle little produced backward, leaving a strip of interopercle exposed along its entire length. Gill membranes joined to the isthmus, with a narrow free edge.. Gill rakers very short and thick, 3 +12 in number, including rudiments. Dorsal beginning above base of pectorals, the second spine long, filamentous at tip, 1? in head, its anterior margin sharply serrate, except in basal third; base of first dorsal 2+ in head; interspace between dorsals very short, usually less than diameter of pupil. Pectorals very long and slender, equaling or exceeding length of head behind snout; insertion of pectorals below upper angle of gill open- ing. Outer ventral ray excessively produced, twice or more than twice length of head in uninjured adults, reaching base of fiftieth anal ray or beyond. Vent immediately before anal origin. Scales in a strip along the back firm and very rough, none others preserved in our specimens; scales with 3 to 5 sharp, radiating ridges, each ridge with several sharply projecting spines, the posterior of which project beyond the margin of the scale. Color very light gray, the vertical fins blackish posteriorly; mouth and gill cavity and peritoneum jet-black. Bering Sea. Known from 4 specimens, 24 to 41 cm. long, from Albatross Station 3634, off Bogoslof Island, in 664 fathoms. (Named for George Archibald Clark, secretary of the Fur Seal Commission for 1896 and 1897, in recognition of his researches on the mammalia of Bering Sea.) Bogoslovius clarki, JORDAN & GILBERT, Report Fur Seal Invest., 1898, Bering Sea off Bogoslof Island, in 664 fathoms. 2950. BOGOSLOVIUS FIRMISQUAMIS (Gill & Townsend). Head 5 in total; depth 64; eye 42 in head; snout 32; second dorsal spine 12 in head; pectoral 2; ventral 13; maxillary 2}. D. II, 10-126; A. 105; P. 20; V.8. Scales firmly affixed, oblong or rather short, and with con- siderable exposed surfaces, which have subequal radiating ridges beset with numerous acute spinelets, the ridges varying from 3 to 8 in number; head regularly convex in profile: rostral tubercles obsolete and infraor- 2576 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. bital ridge rounded; barbel greater than pupil; teeth biserial or partly triserial above; second dorsal spine with short retrorse serre, the lower fifth smooth; base of first dorsal 34 in head; interspace between dorsal fins } base of first dorsal, greater than diameter of pupil. This species is distinguishable from most American Macrouri by the very firm scales, and from B. clarki by the much shorter ventral. Bering Sea. Only the type, 31 inches long, known. (firmus, firm; squama, scale.) Macrurus firmisquamis, GILL & TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 234, Bering Sea, southwest of Pribilof Islands. (Type, No, 48772, U. 8. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) 1003. CHALINURA, Goode & Bean. Chalinura, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No.5, 198, 1883 (simula). Chalinurus,* GUNTHER, Challenger Report, xxu, 124, 144, 1887; change in spelling. Seales cycloid, fluted longitudinally, with slightly radiating strie. Snout long, broad, truncate, not much produced. Mouth lateral, subter- minal, very large. Head without prominent ridges, except the subocular ones and those upon the snout. Suborbital ridge not reaching angle of preopercle. Teeth inthe upper jaw in a villiform band, with an outer series much enlarged, those of the lower jaw uniserial, large. No teeth on vomer or palatines; small pseudobranchie present. Gill rakers spiny, strong, depressible, in double series on anterior arch. Ventrals below the pecto- rals; chin with a barbel. Dorsal spine serrate; soft dorsal much lower than anal. Deep sea fishes. Species numerous. This genus is allied to Macrourus, differing in the dentition; the genus Optonurus, with dorsal spine unarmed, is very close to Chalinura. (yadivos, a strap or thong; ovpd, tail.) a. Snout long, longer than eye, which is 5 in head; pectoral 12 in head; dorsal spine 14 in head; scales 130. SERRULA, 2951. aa. Snout moderate, about as long as eye, which is 4 in head; dorsal, pectoral, and ventral produced, the pectoral 14 in head, the dorsal spine and ventral filament each about as long as head. FILIFERA, 2952. aaa. Snout very short, as long as eye, which is 5 in head; ventrals very long. SIMULA, 2953. 2951. CHALINURA SERRULA, Bean. Head 54 in total length. D.II, 9-76 (?); seales 7 or 8-130-17; Br. 6. Cheeks and opercles scaly ; snout with a median serrated keel on the nose; diameter of eye less than length of snout,5 in head; maxillary reaching vertical from posterior margin of eye, its length 2} in head; mandible about 2 in head, a row of 5 pores on its under surface and 6 pores on the edge of the suborbitals; branchiostegal membrane narrowly free from the isthmus, the first gill opening restricted as in Macrourus; gill rakers small tubercles, 11 below the angle of the first arch, and only 1 or 2 above the angle; length of pectoral equals postorbital part of head; ventrals *Goode & Bean rightly protest against the wanton ‘action of the English ichthyol- ogists in changing the form of the generic name’ Chalinura. Ohalinura is perfectly correct, and should be used even if it were not so, as it is the original form, the only reason for changing it being that other generic names in the group end in urus. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2577 about as long as head; longest dorsal spine strongly serrated and nearly equaling length of head without snout; dorsals separated by an inter- space ? as long as head. Color brown; head, abdomen, and inside of mouth purple, the purple areas less marked in the type specimen, which is 124inches long. Coast of British Columbia, east of Prince of Wales Island, in 1,569 fathoms. (serrula, a fine saw.) Chalinura serrula, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 37, east of Prince of Wales Iskand, in 1,569 fathoms. (Coll. Albatross.) 7 2952. CHALINURA FILIFERA, Gilbert. D. II, 12 to 14; P. 20 to 22; V.9 or 10; eye 4 in head. Snout short, slightly exceeding diameter of eye, 3,4 in head, median ridge and nasal ridges terminating each in a much projecting point, furnishing each with a short rosette of radiating spines and ridges, outline between these points concave; tip of snout projecting beyond premaxillaries for a distance equaling that which separates the central rosette from 1 of the lateral ones; infraorbital ridges inconspicuous, not reaching angle of preopercle behind or bony portion in front. Mouth large, slightly oblique, with extensive lateral cleft, the maxillary reaching vertical from posterior mar- gin of pupil, 23 in head, equaling distance from tip of snout to middle of eye. Outer series of teeth in premaxillary strong, succeeding from a nar- row band of smaller cardiform teeth; mandibular teeth similar to inner band of upper jaw, the band becoming slightly wider at the prominent symphysis. Barbel short, } to ? length of snout. Eye large, the diameter of orbit slightly less than interorbital width on snout. Angle of preo- percle produced backward, concealing all but the extreme posterior angle of interopercle, the margin appearing serrulate when divested of skin; gill membranes joined to isthmus, with a posterior free margin; gill rakers very short and heavy, 1+11. Dorsal beginning vertically above base of pectorals, the second spine extremely long and slender, smooth basally, the terminal half rather strongly toothed, becoming very slender toward tip and terminating in a long membranaceous filament. (In 1 specimen it exceeds length of head, in the others it equals % that length.) Length of base of first dorsal equaling + length of head; interspace between dorsals short, } to # length of snout. Pectorals very long and slender, equaling the head without the snout; outer ventral rays very long and filamentous, equaling length of head; vent immediately in advance of anal origin. Scales rather thin, those on back and sides with above 5 diverging ridges, each of which bears a number of short rigid spinules directed very obliquely backward, the posterior projecting but little beyond the mar- gin of the scale; 8 or 9 scales in an oblique series between the middle of first dorsal and the lateral line. Dark brown; the fins, gill membranes, lips, nostrils, and underside of snout black; anterior part of mouth and lining of gill cavity purple; peritoneum blackish brown. Related to C. serrula, Bean, from the same region and depth, differing in the larger eye, shorter mental barbel, longer snout, longer pectoral fins, shorter inter- space between dorsals and the longer dorsal fin. Coast of British Colum- bo i ~l oe) Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, bia; known from 3 specimens, 520 to 550mm. long. (Gilbert.) (jilum, thread; fero, I bear.) Chalinura jilifera, GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 458, off Queen Charlotte Islands, at Albatross Station 3342, in 1,588 fathoms. 2953. CHALINURA SIMULA, Goode & Bean. Head 5; depth 6; orbit 6 in head; snout 3; interorbital width greater than eye; postorbital part of head 3 times as long as eye; opercle 2 in upper jaw. D.II, 9-118; A.118; P.20; V.9; Br.6; scales 8-150-17 to 19. Body shaped much as in Coryphenoides, but rather stout; back more gib- bous in profile, the dorsal outline rising quite rapidly from the interor- bital region to origin of first dorsal, thence descending almost in-a straight line to end of tail. Preopercle emarginate on its posterior limb. Snout broad, obtuse, scarcely projecting beyond the mouth, its width nearly as great at tip as its own length; median ridge very prominent, gibbous in outline when viewed laterally; lateral ridges starting almost at right angles with the median, and continued upon sides of head; no supraor- bital ridges. Nostriis in front of middle of eye, and nearer its anterior margin than to tip of snout; barbel longer than eye; teeth in upper jaw in a broad villiform band, the outer series very much enlarged; lower jaw with teeth in asingle series. Scales rather small, but with indications, particularly on the head, of radiating strive. Origin of first dorsal from snout 44 in its base, or from anterior margin of orbit 1 in head; first dor- sal spine very short, second rather stout, 14 in head, and with a simple serration anteriorly, the serrz closely appressed to the spine; second dor- sal separated from the first by a distance equal to length of upper jaw; anal high, its average rays about 3 times as long as those of dorsal, in- serted slightly behind perpendicular from last ray of first dorsal; pecto- ral inserted over base of ventral; origin of ventral from snout less than its longest ray, which is produced ina filament extending to base of eight- eenth anal ray. (Goode & Bean.) West Indies and Gulf Stream, in deep water. (simulus, pug-nosed.) Chalinura simula, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 199, 1883, Gulf Stream, at Blake Station 308, Lat. 41° 25’ 45’’ N., Long. 65° 35/ 30’ W.., in 1,242 fathoms; JOR- DAN, Cat., 132,1885; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 412, fig, 345, 1896, Macrurus simulus, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, X X11, 148, 1887. 1004. CORYPHAENOIDES, Gunner. Coryphenoides, GUNNER, Trondhj. Selsk. Skrift., 111, 50, 1765 (rwpestris). Branchiostegus, RAFINESQUE, Analyse de la Nature 1810, 86 (substitute for Corypheenoides) . Snout short, obtuse, high, obliquely truncated, soft to the touch, except its bony center; mouth broad, terminal, its cleft lateral; head without prominent ridges, the membrane bones of the side of the head soft and papery; teeth villiform in both jaws, those in the outer series of upper jaws somewhat enlarged. Scales spinous, second or elongate dorsal ray finely serrated in front. Lower jaw with a barbel at tip. Deep Sea. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2579 Close to Macrourus, differing in the larger terminal mouth. (xopvearrvea, Coryphena; ido, resemblance. ) a. Head 4in length; gill rakers 4415—19. RUPESTRIS, 2954. aa. Head 6 in length; gill rakers 3+11—14. CARAPINUS, 2955. 2954. CORYPHENOIDES RUPESTRIS, Gunner. D. 10; P. 19; V. 7; gill rakers 4+15=19. Head short, rather com- pressed; snout short, obliquely truncated in front; cleft of mouth wide, lateral, extending to beyond the center of eye; intermaxillary not much shorter than maxillary. Teeth in villiform bands in each jaw; barbel very small. Interorbital space convex, its ‘width being considerably more than diameter of eye, which, in a specimen 3 feet long, is equal to the length of the snout and } of thatof the head. Scales equally rough over the whole of their surface, all the spinelets being directed backward; 7 or 8 scales in a transverse series between the dorsal fin and the lateral line; head entirely covered with small scales, Anterior dorsal spine armed with numerous small closely set barbs; outer ventral ray produced into a long filament. Distance between the vent and isthmus }the length of the head. The gill membrane entirely free from the isthmus behind. Intermaxillary continues beyond its vertical process and extending almost as far back as the maxillary, these 2 bones being about equal in length; last third of intermaxillary toothless; intermaxillary teeth in a very narrow band, which is uniform in width, the outer teeth only slightly enlarged; man- dible with villiform teeth in a broad bunch-like band at the symphysis and becoming uniserial behind. Eye nearly circular. Snout projecting slightly. Gill rakers longer and less tubercular in character than in Macrourus berglax and M. acrolepis. The suborbital ridge feebly developed and very abruptly curved upward and narrowed in front of the eye where it joins the nasal ridge. In M. berglax and MW. acrolepis the suborbital ridge is very strong and is continued almost in a straight line toward the nasal ridge. (Goode & Bean.) Arctic seas and the north Atlantic, on both coasts south to the banks of Newfoundland and Norway, in deep water. (Eu.) (rupestris, living about rocks.) Coryphenoides rupestris, GUNNER, Trondhjem Selsk. Skrift., 1, 50, pl. 3, fig. 1, 1765, Norway; CoLueTr, Norges Fiske, 131; JorpAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 812, 1883; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 402, 1896. Lepidoleprus norvegicus, NILsson, Prodr. Ichth. Scand., 51, 1832, Norway. Coryphenoides norvegicus, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 396, 1862. Macrourus stromii, REINHARDT, Dansk. Vidensk. Afhandl., vn, 129, 1828: GaAIMARD, Voy. Skand., Poiss., pl. 11. Macrurus rupestris, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, X Xm, 138, 1887. 2955. CORYPHENOIDES CARAPINUS, Goode & Bean. Head 6. D.II, 8-100; A.117; V.10; eye 4 in head. Snont acute, pro- jecting beyond the mouth, its tip at a distance from the mouth equal to or greater than diameter of eye. Bones of head very soft and flexible, its surface very irregular, there being a very prominent subocular ridge, a prominent ridge extending from tip of snout to middle of interorbital space, and a curved ridge extending from upper anterior margin of orbit 2580 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. over cavity containing nostrils to a prominent point at side of and slightly posterior to tip of snout; barbel } as long as eye. Interorbital space almost twice diameter of eye, equal to length of upper jaw; preoperculum crenulate; upper jaw extending to vertical through posterior margin of pupil, its length equaling 4 that of head without snout; mandible extending behind vertical through posterior margin of orbit, its length 3 times in distance from tip of snout to origin of first dorsal. Teeth in vil- liform bands on intermaxillary and mandible, the mandibulary series uniserial in about the second half of itslength. First ray of dorsal very short, second compressed anteriorly and serrated, with slender teeth closely appressed and bent upward, its length equaling length of head and greater than height of body; this fin seated upon a hump-like eleva- tion of the back, its base as long as snout; second dorsal beginning over tenth or twelfth anal ray, and at a distance from end of first dorsal equal to length of head without snout; vent located not far behind vertical from end of first dorsal. Scales 22 to 24 in a transverse series (the position of the lateral line can not be determined, but there appear to be 4 above it); scales oval, membranaceous, showing several parallel ridges composed of small spines. Gill membrane very deeply cleft and attached to the isthmus; gill rakers short and stout, about 11 below the angle on the first arch. (Goode & Bean.) Gulf Stream, in deep water. (carapinus, formed as in Carapus.) Ooryphenoides carapinus, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 195, 1883, Gulf Stream, Lat. 41° 24/ 45’ N., Long. 65° 35’ 30/’ W., in 1,242 fathoms (Type in M. C. Z. Coll. Blake); GiintHEeR, Challenger Report, Deep-Sea Fishes, Xxu, 139, 1887; GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 404, fig. 339, 1896. 1005. HYMENOCEPHALUS, Giglioli. Hymenocephalus, GIGLio.t, Pelagos, Genoa, 228, 1884 (italicus). Mystaconurus, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, Deep-Sea Fishes, Xxn, 124, 1887 (italicus). This genus is closely allied to Coryphenoides, differing in the smooth dorsal spine, and the membranaceous skull, First dorsal broad, placed far forward over base of pectoral; second dorsal and anal origins nearly opposite, and separated by a considerable space from the vertical from the end of first dorsal; vent far from ventrals. Head large, naked, soft, and cavernous; snout abrupt, perpendicular, or parabolic ; mouth lateral, wide. Eye very large, orbital margin forming part of profile of head. Barbel long. Pectoral rather narrow (10 to 16 rays). Seales thin, deciduous, with fine short spines. Under parts in advance of ventral wholly or partly naked. Deep seas. Remarkable for the papery structure of the bones of the head. (vu7)v, membrane; ~edaA7, head.) 2956. HYMENOCEPHALUS CAVERNOSUS (Goode & Bean). Head about 6 in total length; depth 7. D. II, 10-133; A. 27 rays, in a space equal to length of head. Body stoutish, the bones of head very soft and cavernous, spongy, in many places without muscular covering; interorbital area doubly concave, with a spinous medial ridge, its greatest Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2581 width about 24 in length of head; postorbital portion of head about 4 its length, 14 as long as eye, which is circular, its diameter contained 2 times in length of head. Snout broad, very obtuse, its width at nostril nearly equal to interorbital width, its length 43 times in that of the head; nostrils normal. Teeth in each jaw in villiform bands, very small; a naked space at the symphysis of intermaxillaries; vomer and palatine toothless. Gill- rakers very short, minute, and rather numerous, about 18 below angle of anterior arch. Pseudobranchiw absent. Barbel ? as long as eye. First dorsal composed of 2 spines, the first minute, inserted at a distance from the snout equal to length of head, the second as long as head without snout, and 10 branched rays, its base equal to diameter of eye; second dorsal almost rudimentary, its rays remarkably short, about 133 in number, its distance from first dorsal } length of head; anal much higher than second dorsal, its distance from snout contained about 34 times in total length; anterior anal rays longest, in length about ? diameter of eye; pectoral inserted under first branched ray of first dorsal, its length equal to twice that of eye and about } that of head. Scales (on type) mostly wanting, except a few on breast and nape, these being rough with small points, dentate behind. Ventral slightly behind the pectoral, its first ray fila- mentous, reaching to the base of the tenth anal ray, consisting of 11 rays. Color gray, with silvery tints on sides; abdomen and lips dark. (Goode & Bean.) Gulf of Mexico, in deep water. One young individual known. Length 162 mm. (cavernosus, cavernous. ) Bathygadus cavernosus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 598, Gulf of Mexico, at Albatross Station 2398, Lat. 28° 45’ N., Long. 86° 26’ W., in 227 fathoms (Type, No. 37337. Coll. Albatross); GUNTHER, Challenger Report, xx, 156, 1887. Hymenocephalus cavernosus, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 408, fig. 341, 1896. 1006. MACROURUS, Bloch. Macrourus, Buocg, Ichth., v, 152, 1787 (rupestris —berglax). Macruroplus, BLEEKER, Versl. Med. Akad. Welenth. Amsterd., VIII, 1874, 369 (serratus). Macrurus, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 392, 1862; corrected spelling. Snout broadly conical, high, projecting beyond mouth; mouth moderate, its cleft horizontal, U-shaped, entirely inferior; teeth in both jaws in villi- form bands, those of the outer series not enlarged; head with roughened bony ridges, one of which, on the suborbital and preorbital, simulates the suborbital stay of the Cottoids; eyes very large; scales imbricate, very rough, keeled. Dorsal spine long, serrated on the anterior edge. Deep water fishes. (“axpds, long; ovpd, tail, hence correctly written Macrurus, but Macrourus is the original name as given by Bloch.) a. Top of head with 4 to 6 distinct ridges; depth 6 to 7 in length; 5 scales between lat- eral line and dorsal. b. Anal rays 148; scales each with a strong ridge. BERGLAX, 2957. bb. Anal rays 121; scales each with 3 to 5 spinules, otherwise almost unarmed; ridges on top of head very rough. HOLOTRACHYS, 2958. aa. Top of snout with indistinct ridges or with none. c. Pectoral fin moderate, 14 to 2 in head. d. Body rather elongate, the depth 7 to 8 in length; bones of head rather firm; dorsal spine strongly serrated. 2582 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Apt e. Head short, 64 in head; pectoral more than 4 head; snout with bony ridges above. BAIRDU, 2959. ee. Head 5} in length; ventrals 5 in body; pectoral 1} in head. LEPTURUS, 2960. ece. Head longer, 4% in length; pectoral 3 as long as head; eye as long as snout, 4in head; ventral 8 in body. ACROLEPIS, 2961. dd. Body rather robust, the depth 54 in length; head without ridges above; scales spinous, not ridged; dorsal spine 12 in head. STELGIDOLEPIS, 2962. cc. Pectoral tin elongate, about as long as head; head elevated, not ridged above, the bones soft; eye large; second dorsal spine rough, nearly as long as head; scales each with 7 to 9 ridges. CINEREUS, 2963. 2957. MACROURUS BERGLAX, Lacépéde. D. 12-124; A. 148; P. 180r19; V.8. Short snout, subtrihedral, pointed in front, much shorter than the large eye, which is + or | length of head in the adult. Intermaxillary very short, 4 length of maxillary, and not continued beyond its expanded vertical process. Eye oblong. Whole under surface of head below suborbital and nasal ridge naked; axil of pectoral naked; space between ventrals scaled; body scales each with a single strong median keel, made up of 5 to 8 spines directed backward; some scales, particularly of head, have also 2 lateral keels; 6 longitudinal series of scales between first dorsal fin and lateral line; first dorsal spine indistinctly denticulated toward the point; length of pectoral nearly or quite } length of head; longest spine of dorsal very finely ser- rated along its anterior margin, the serrations becoming obsolete near its base. Vent situated behind origin of second dorsal fin. Gill rakers very small, tubercular. 9 to 11 on the first arch; gill membranes broadly joined, free from the isthmus behind. This form, originally discovered on the coast of Norway, has been found abundantly as far south as Georges Bank, where the halibut fishermen catch it, or some closely allied form, on their trawls. The first specimen seen by American naturalists was picked up floating at the surface off the mouth of New York Harbor. The Albatross obtained it from Station 2528, in Lat. 41° 47’ N., Long. 65° 37’ 30” W., ata depth of 677 fathoms. Giinther knew it from Finmark and Greenland, as well as from New England. He calls attention to remarkable individual variations in the specimens examined by him. (berglax, Norwegian name, from berg, cliff; lax, salmon.) Macrourus berglax, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 111, 170, 1800, Greenland, SondmGre ; JoR- DAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 131, 1885. Macrourus fabricii, SUNDEVALL, Vet. Akad. Handl. 1840,6; CoLLeTT, Norges Fiske, 128, 1875; LILLJEBORG, Sverig. og. Norges Fiske, 242; GooDE & BEAN, Cat. Fish. Essex Co. and Mass. Bay, 7, 1879; GiinrHER, Challenger Report, XX, 130, 1887. Macrourus rupestris, GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., tv, 390, 1862 (not of Gunner). Macrurus berglax, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 391, fig. 334, 1896. 2958. MACROURUS HOLOTRACHYS, Giinther. Head 4% in length; depth 6%. D. 12-115 to 125; A, 121; P. 20 or 21; V. 5; eye large, round, as long as snout, 24 in head, much wider than inter- orbital space. Snout triangular, each point with a tubercle, covered with Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2583 strong spines, this border continued as a strong ridge below eye, extend- ing across opercle, this crest covered with coarse, spinous tubercles; mouth rather small, the maxillary reaching middle of eye; teeth very small, close set. Head with salient ridges above, covered with spinous scales; 1 ridge above eye, toward apper angle of gill opening, another ridge along the vertex, nearly parallel with this above it, besides a short temporal ridge; vent far back, under seventh ray of second dorsal. First dorsal not far behind eye, the long ray slightly serrulate; ventrals witha short filament. Scales each with a median crest of 3 to 5 spinules, other- wise almost unarmed. Five scales between lateral line and dorsal. (Col- lett.) Depths of the Atlantic. Known from 2 specimens, the type 9 inches long, from the mouth of Rio de la Plata, in 600 fathoms; the second, above described, about a foot long, from the banks of Newfoundland, in 1,267 fathoms. (0Aos, wholly; rpaxvs, rough.) Macrurus holotrachys, GUNTHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1, 1878, 24 mouth of Rio de la Plata in 600 fathoms; Gi/NTHER, Challenger Report, xx, pl. 28, fig. B, 1887; CoLLErt, Compagnes Scient. de 1’Hirondelle, 1896, 83, pl. 2, fig.6; GoopE & Bran, Oceanic Ich- thyology, 396, 1896. 2959. MACROURUS BAIRDII, Goode & Bean. (COMMON RAT-TAIL.) Head 6} in total length; depth 8; greatest width 13, D. II, 11-137; A. 120; P.15; V.7; scales 6-152-19 or 20. Body much compressed posteri- orly, tapering from first dorsal to tip of tail; scales irregularly polygonal, the free portions covered with transparent vitreous spines, arranged in from 10 to 12 irregular longitudinal rows. On head and upper part of body, in advance of the first dorsal, the median row of spines most promi- nent, and presenting the appearance of a low median keel. Lateral line nearly straight, formed by a smooth groove, which replaces 2 or 3 median rows of spines of each scale; greatest height at posterior margin of orbit ereater than width at same point, 14 times in length of head; width of interorbital area equal to length of snout and length of maxillary; length of postorbital region about equal to horizontal diameter of orbit; length of operculum about 4 length of mandible. Snout sharp, a front view pre- senting 4 ridges radiating from tip at right angles to each other, the lower one being merely a fold in the skin of the under surface of the head, hori- zontal ridges continued into the ridges upon the suborbitals; ridge extend- ing backward from tip of snout upon top of head lost in the interorbital space; branches of the horizontal ridges continued upon upper margins of orbits, and there disappearing. Nostrils immediately in front of orbit, the posterior pair much the longer. Mouth situated entirely on lower side of head; symphysis of lower jaw in vertical from anterior margin of orbit, and articulations of mandibles in vertical from posterior margin of orbit; width of cleft of mouth equal to distance between symphysis of maxillaries and line connecting their articulations; upper jaw protractile vertically. Teeth conical, somewhat recurved, of nearly uniform size, arranged in villiform bands; palatesmooth. Distance of first dorsal from snout about 4 times the length of its base, and from anterior margin of 2584 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. orbit equal to length of head; first spine very short, not much longer than the teeth of the second spine; second spine in length twice horizon- tal diameter of orbit, stout, its anterior margin armed from base to tip with 15 teeth pointing upward, the uppermost slender; its length to tip of filament almost equal to distance from origin of second dorsal, this tip when laid back reaching almost to second dovsal; rays decreasing regu- larly in length so that, when the fin is upright, its shape approximates that of a right-angled triangle, the hypothenuse of which is the second dorsal spine, and its perpendicular side a line touching the tips of the rays; length of base of second dorsal less than that of the anal, its origin over the thirteenth scale of lateral line. Length of longest ray less than length of barbel; all rays very feeble; membrane searcely perceptible; distance of anal from snout 34 times in its length at base, its origin under eighteenth scale of lateral line; length of first ray + the length of tenth, and 3 times the length of last ray, the length of rays increasing to a point beneath anterior part of first dorsal, and thence gradually decreasing to tip of tail; distance of pectoral from snout 4 times width of interorbital area, its length twice length of mandible; insertion above the middle of depth of body, on a level with center of orbit, its third ray longest, its tip reaching to vertical from base of fourth ray; insertion of ventral be- hind pectoral and almost under that of first dorsal, its distance from snout slightly exceeding twice its length; tip of ventral filament reaching hase of third anal ray. Ground color, light brownish gray; under parts sil- very; belly darker, bluish; under surface of snout pink, as is also the first dorsal, except spines; spines of dorsal, ventral, and anterior anal rays blackish; throat, branchiostegal membrane, and isthmus rich deep violet; sclerotic coat green; eyes very dark blue. This species was the first deep-sea fish obtained by the Fish Commission or described by an American ichthyologist. It ranges in depths from 9 to 1,255 fathoms. This species is distinguished by Giinther from his Macrourus equalis, which it closely resembles, (1) by its longer snout, which is nearly equal to the diameter of the eye, and (2) by the smaller number of ventral rays (7). (Goode & Bean.) West Indies to Massachusetts Bay, usually in great depths; excessively abundant on the continental slope, with Phycis chesteri, far outnumbering all other deep-sea fishes in the region. (Named for Spencer Fullerton Baird.) Macrourus bairdii, GOODE & BEAN, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts 1877, 471, Massachusetts Bay; Goong, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 337, 475; GUNTHER, Challenger Report, xxu, 135, pl. 22, fig. B, 1887; GooDE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 393, fig. 335, 1896. 2960. MACROURUS LEPTURUS, Gill & Townsend. Head 54; depth 8; eye 4? in head; snout 4; maxillary 23. D. XIV-122; A. 116; P. 20; V.8. Scales deciduous and moderate, oblong or oval with reduced exposed surfaces, those on the back or above the lateral line with a few, 3 to 5, ridges beset with spines, but those below mostly unarmed; head regularly conical; snout moderately extended; median tubercle very projecting, the lateral well developed, connected with the median by a well-defined ridge; infraorbital vertical, with the ridge linear and near Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2585 the orbit; teeth cardiform in both jaws; the lower teeth beset the outer slope of the jaw. Ventral as long as head; pectoral 1* in head; dorsal spine serrate, 1} in head. Apparently close to M. acrolepis, but probably with shorter head, longer ventrals, and longer dorsal spine, the eye also larger. Length 22 to 26 inches. Bering Sea. Only 2 specimens known. (Aexros, slender; ova, tail.) Macrurus lepturus, GILL & TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x1, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 233, Bering Sea, southwest of Pribilof Islands, Albatross Station 3604, in 1,401 fathoms. (Type, No. 48767, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) Macrurus dorsalis,* Git & TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 233, Bering Sea, southwest of Pribilof Islands, Albatross Station 3604, in 1,401 fathoms. (Type, No. 48768, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) 2961. MACROURUS ACROLEPIS, Bean. Head about 44; depth at ventrals7; eye 3}in head; snout 4; maxillary 24; mandible 24; pectoral about 2; ventral about 13. D. XI-111-+; A. 94+; P.20. Form of M. berglar, width of head 3 its height; interorbital width # eye; snout moderate, pointed. Origin of first dorsal from snout a distance 3 times length of upper jaw; base of first dorsal 3} in head, or about 3 times distance between dorsals; first dorsal spine very short, the second about 1? in head, serrate in front. Distance of anal from snout 24 times its length; distance of pectoral from spout slightly greater than head; distance of ventral origin from snout + its length. Length 2 feet or more. Coasts of Vancouver Island, Washington and Oregon, in deep water, in 345 to 786 fathoms; common. A small specimen taken by us off Bogoslof Island. Our specimens have 11 rays in the first dorsal, not u, 11 or 13, as given by Bean. (xpos, sharp; Aezis, scale.) Macrurus acrolepis, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat, Mus. 1883, 362, Straits of Juan de Fuca, near Neah Bay, Washington (Coll. James G. Swan, from the stomach of a fur seal); Jor- DAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 131, 1885; GrmBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 457. Macrourus acrolepis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Rept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898. 2962. MACROURUS STELGIDOLEPIS, Gilbert. Head 42; depth 54; eye small, 3} to 4 in head; snout 44. D.II,10or 11; A. 130; seales 155; 5 or 6 scales between lateral line and base of first dor- sal. Body deep, the lower profile rapidly rising along anterior portion of base of anal, the tail thus abruptly becoming slender. Head short and deep; snout heavy, little produced, acute at extreme tip; infraorbital ridge not prominent on sides of head or snout, not continued backward on preopercle. A pair of narrow, transverse naked strips on upper surface of snout near tip, separated on each side by a single scale from the naked *The following is Gill & Townsend’s description of Macrourus dorsalis: “Dorsal 15-120; anal 122; pectoral 21; ventral 9. Scales deciduous and rather small, diversiform, with small exposed surfaces; near the dorsal they have about 5 radiating spinigerous ridges, but below the lateral line these ridges are fewer and unarmed; snout short, projecting a considerable length beyond the eye and alittle beyond the supramax- illary; median tubercle very prominent; connecting ridge well defined; infraorbital nearly vertical, with the ridge linear and near the orbit; teeth cardiform.”’ To this we add the following, from our examination of their type: Head 52; depth 7; eye 42; snout 4; interorbital width slightly greater than eye; maxillary 22; ventral fin 4 longer than head, 44 in body; pectoral14 in head. Dorsal spine strongly serrate, its length equal to that of head. 3030——85 2586 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. nostril fossa; a double series of scales intervenes between the nostrils and the orbit; lower side of snout wholly naked anteriorly, partly scaled lat- erally. Mouth large, overhung by premaxillaries for a distance about 4 diameter of orbit; premaxillaries in advance of nostrils; maxillaries reaching vertical from posterior margin of pupil, 23 in head; snout about equaling interorbital width; barbel long, } orbit. Teeth in cardiform bands of equal width in both jaws, narrowed laterally, but not to a single series; anterior series in upper jaw enlarged, in lower jaw all the teeth of equal size. Preopercle broadly rounded, the angle but moderately pro- duced, a narrow strip of the interopercle visible for its entire length; outer gill arch partially joined to cover, as usual; gill rakers obsolete; © gill membranes united, forming a wide free fold across isthmus posteriorly. Scales without ridges, their exposed surfaces thickly beset with spines which are usually without definite arrangement; the marginal spine longest, thence decreasing in length to the base, about 40 present on each seale on middle of sides; scales on head crowded, the spines shorter and not directed backward as on the body; a rosette of short spines on tip of snout; no naked area between ventrals; mandible and gill membranes partly scaled; no considerable naked area in axil of pectorals. Dorsal in- serted over base of pectorals, the length of its base slightly less than 4 the interspace between base of dorsals; second dorsal.spine rather short and fragile, furnished anteriorly with a series of retrorse spinules, its length slightly exceeding 4 that of head, its tip not reaching origin of second dorsal; origin of anal fin well in advance of second dorsal; the vent unu- sually far forward, its distance from base of ventrals 2 to 2} in its distance from anal fin; ventrals less widely separated than in M. scaphopsis, the outer ray produced, extending beyond front of anal; ventrals with 10 rays; pectorals with 22 to 24 rays; longest pectoral ray equals} head. Color very dark brownish, lighter on tail; lower side of head, breast, and ab- dominal region, including front of anal and base of pectorals, blue black; roof of mouth, valvular flap of membrane behind bands of teeth, gill membranes, and upper posterior portion of opercular lining, black; mouth and gill cavity otherwise white; peritoneum bright silvery, with little black specking; fins dusky. (Gilbert.) Coast of southern California. Two specimens, the longest 12 inches in length, from Albatross Station 2960, in 267 fathoms. (6reAyis, a scraper; Aézis, scale.) Macrurus stelgidolepis, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 116, coast of southern Cali- fornia, at Albatross Station 2960, in 267 fathoms. 2963. MACROURUS CINEREUS, Gilbert. (POP-EYE.) D. II, 10 or 11; ventral 9; 7 scales between lateral line and first dorsal. Eye 32 to 4 in head; snout about 4, high and blunt, but little overlapping the mouth, terminating in a pointed prolongation of the median ridge, which bears at its tip a bony tubercle furnished with radi- ating ridges; nasal ridges terminating in shorter and smaller, but similar, tubercles, the outline between them concave; tip of snout overpassing the premaxillaries for } its length; eye very large and protuberant; mouth of Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2587 moderate size, the maxillary reaching vertical from hinder margin of orbit, equaling length of snout and 4+ of eye. Teeth finely villiform, in each jaw, the outer series not at all enlarged, the mandibular band narrow. Barbel short and slender, its length less than 4 diameter of pupil; inter- orbital width § diameter of orbit, equaling length of snout; preopercle greatly expanded, much overlapping the interorbital below, leaving exposed only the extreme posterior angle. Gill membranes narrowly joined, with a posterior fold, free from the isthmus; gill rakérs short, com- pressed, almost tubercular, 24-12. Origin of dorsal well behind base of pectorais; second dorsal spine long and filamentous, strongly spinous except on extreme base and tip; length of spine & to § head; base of first dorsal equaling diameter of orbit; interspace between dorsals } to ? base of first dorsal; pectoral long and slender, equaling length of head behind anterior nostril opening, about as long as the filamentous outer ventral ray; vent immediately in front of anal origin. Scales on sides well imbri- cated, each with 7 to 9 parallel ridges which bear short sharp spines directed very obliquely backward; 7 scales between lateral line and base of first dorsal. Color uniform light grayish on body and fins, with the exception of the blackish pectorals and ventrais; sides of head silvery ; mouth, gill cavity, and peritoneum brownish or purplish black; gill mem- branes and gular membrane dusky. (Gilbert.) Bering Sea; excessively abundant in the depths, where it outnumbers all other fishes. Numerous specimens from north of Unalaska Island, at Albatross Stations 3307 and 3329, in 1,033 and 399 fathoms; and the North Pacific, south of Unimak Island, Albatross Station 3340, in 695 fathoms. Our many specimens from near Bogoslof Island, in 664 fathoms. (cinereus, ashy gray.) Macrourus cinereus, GILBERT, Rept. U. 8. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 457, near Unalaska and Unimak Islands, in 399 to 1,033 fathoms; JORDAN & GILBERT, Report Fur Seal Invest., 1898. ‘ 1007. CH LORHYNCHUS, Giorna. Celorhynchus, GIORNA, Mém. Ac. Sei. Turin, Xvt, 178, 1803 (‘‘ Celorhynche la ville’’). Krohnius, Cocco, Lettera al Sig. Augusto Krohn, Pesci del Mare de Messina, 1, 1844 (jila- mentosus ; larva). Paramacrurus, BLEEKER, Versl. Med. Ak. Wetensk. Amsterd. 1874, 103 (australis). Oxymacrurus, BLEEKER, Versl. Med. Ak. Wetensk. Amsterd. 1874, 103 (japonicus). This genus agrees with Macrourus in all essential respects, except that the small mouth is wholly below the long-pointed, sturgeon-like snout. Dorsal spine smooth in typical species, those with serrate spine having been lately separated under the generic name Calocephalus. (Gilbert & Cramer, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 422) (acipenserinus). Species numerous. (xotAos, hollow; Auyyxos, snout.) a. Head large, 34 in length; depth 7; eye 4 length of the long snout, 4 in head; dorsal spine moderate. OCCA, 2964. aa. Head short, 44 to 5 in length. b. Body rather elongate, the depth 8 in length; eye as long as snout, 3 in head. CARMINATUS, 2965. bb. Body less elongate, the depth 64 to 63 in length. c. Dorsal spine long; anal rays about 110; seales 124. CARIBBUS, 2966. cc. Dorsal spine very short; anal rays 95; scales 98. SCAPHOPSIS, 2967. 2088 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 2964. CCELORHYNCHUS OCCA (Goode & Bean). Head 34 in total length; depth 7 in total length; snout exceedingly elongate, nearly twice as long as diameter of eye; a black flap between nostrils; angle of mouth nearly reaching vertical from posterior margin of the orbit; ridge of head very strong and coutinuous from snout to angle of preopercle, having, also, strong supraocular and occipital ridges; eye nearly round, its horizontal diameter 4 in head and equal to interorbital space; ventral originating under middle of first dorsal, and extending to fourth ray of anal; distance from ventral origin to vent 34 in length of head; second spine of dorsal weak and smooth, its length equal to post- orbital part of head, its base slightly less than distance between first and second dorsals; squamation excessively rough, each scale bearing about 5 large spines besides many smaller ones, the median spine of the large series being much the largest; 5 rows of scales between origin of dorsal and lateral line, 19 from vent forward to lateral line and 12 backward; barbel das long as snout. This species has scales similar to those of Macrourus berglax, there being a strong median keel formed by series of spines, of which the last is the largest; surface of each seale also with about 4 or more lateral ridges formed by series of short spines. In a much larger example (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 37334), measuring 18 inches in length, the lateral series of keels have greatly increased in number, the individual spines having become more prominent, so that the median keel has become less conspicuous than in the type. In the larger specimen referred to, the nakedness of the under surface of the head is even more pronounced than in the smaller, in which the under surface of the head beneath the suborbital and nasal ridge is almost entirely naked. The intermaxillary has a very short bone similar in structure and dentition to that of Macrourus berglax, that is to say, the intermaxillary teeth are in a rather broad villiform band, and the outer teeth are not enlarged; mandibulary teeth in a similar broad villiform band; mouth entirely inferior and small. Gill membranes attached across the isthmus, very little emarginate, and not deeply cleft; in the large example the gill membraue is attached to the isthmus and not deeply cleft, but there is a very narrow free margin behind. The gill rakers are very short, tubereular, and few in number, certainly not more numerous than in MW. berglax ; in the large example only 8 little tubercles can be seen on the first gill arch. Second spine of the dorsal in the type specimen is smooth, with the excep- tion of 2 weak spines near its tip, but in the large example there is no trace of serrations on the dorsal spine. (Goode & Bean.) Length450mm. Gulf of Mexico and West Indies, in deep water. (occa, a harrow, from the rough scales.) Macrurus occa, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1885, 595, Gulf of Mexico, Lat. 28° 34’ N., Long. 86° 48’ W., in 335 fathoms. (Type, No.37334. Coll. Albatross.) Celorhynchus occa, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 400, figs. 332, 333, and 337, 1896. 2965. CCELORHYNCHUS CARMINATUS (Goode). Head about 5 in total length; depth 8; eye about 5 in head, equaling interorbital width; snout equaling eye or postorbital part of head; length of opercle about 2 in snout. Body less elongate than in M. bairdii. Snout Jordan and E-vermann.—Fishes of North America, 2589 long, sharp, depressed, triangular, the lower surface more nearly parallel with the axis of body than in WV. bairdii; lateral ridges more pronounced, continued in a straight line under eye and upon preopercle; strong hori- zontal ridges running from supraorbital margins to gill openings, parallel with subocular ridges; nostrils immediately in front of orbit; barbel very short. Teeth small, conical, somewhat recurved, arranged in villiform bands. Origin of first dorsal to snout 44 times its base, its distance from anterior margin of orbit much less than length of head; first spine very short, hardly perceptible above the skin; second spine about 2 in head, slender and unarmed, when laid back its tip reaching to or beyond origin of second dorsal, the spines decreasing in length very gradually, the sixth being nearly as long as second, so that the fin is not so triangular as in MW, bairdii; second dorsal beginning in a perpendicular from seventh anal ray; anal much higher than in J. bairdii, nearly equal to + inter- orbital width, its origin under eighteenth scale of lateral line, its longest rays as long as interorbital width; distance of pectoral from snout equal- ing twice its own length, which about equals longest dorsal spine; origin of pectoral below middle of depth of body and below level of middle of orbit, its tip not reaching origin of anal; insertion of ventrals behind pectoral, slightly in advance of first dorsal, its distance from snout greater than twice its length, the long filament not reaching anal. Color silvery gray. Length 250mm. This species is extremely close to the common Mediterranean species, C. cewlorhynchus (Risso), but the spines on the scales are a little larger. West Indies, Gulf of Mexico, and in the Gulf Stream in deep water; abundant; taken at many stations by the Albatross, the Blake, the Fish Hawk, and the Challenger, in 115 to 464 fathoms. (car- minatus, from carmen, a wool card.) Macrurus carminatus, GOODE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 111, 1880, 346 and 475, Gulf Stream off Rhode Island, Lat. 40° 02’ 54'’N., Long. 70° 23’ 40’’, at Fish Hawk Station 871, in 115 fathoms (Type, No. 26007); GooDE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 196, 1883, Macrurus (Colorhynchus) carminatus, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, Deep-Sea Fishes, XXII, 129, pl. 5, fig. 18, 1887. Celorhynchus carminatus, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 398, fig. 336, 1896. 2966. CHLORHYNCHUS CARIBBEUS (Goode & Bean). Head 44 in total length; depth 64 in total length. 1D. II, 8; 2D. at least-110; A. 110+; scales 6-124-15 or 16. Body normal in shape; scales moderate, strong, densely covered with minute spines, without enlarged median keel; interorbital area flat, its greatest width about 5 times in length of head; postorbital portion of head about 3 in head, and just as long as eye, which is oval, and 1? as long as its vertical diameter. Snout long, thin, diaphanons, with acuminate point, its general form resembling that of C. carminatus. The nostrils close to the orbit, the posterior one much the larger. Teeth in each jaw in villiform bands, minute. Barbel slender and short, its length } that of eye. Maxillary extending to verti- cal through middle of pupil; upper jaw about 3 in head; mandible 24; intermaxillary short. Outer series of teeth on intermaxillary and mandi- ble not enlarged, the teeth not becoming uniseria!. Gill membranes nar- rowly attached to the isthmus; gill rakers minute, tubercular, about 10 on 2590 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. first arch. Suborbital ridge very strong, continued almost in a straight line by the lateral ridge of the snout; under surface of head, except chin and branchiostegal region, densely covered with small, spiny tubercles; a naked space on underside of snout, occupying almost entire distance from front of mouth to tip of snout, widest anteriorly, the greatest width 5 in snout; intermaxillary protractile in a vertical direction; mouth distinctly inferior. Origin of second dorsal over seventh anal ray, about an eye’s diameter Lehind first dorsal; length of anal rays about 4 in head; origin of pectoral in front of first dorsal, its length 2 in head, its tip reaching fifth anal ray. Color silvery gray, with yellowish and lavender tints. Length 290 mm. Caribbean Sea north to the Gulf of Mexico, in deep water. (caribbeus, of the Caribbean Sea.) Macrurus caribbeus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 594, Gulf of Mexico, at Albatross Station 2377, Lat. 29° 07’ 30’ N., Long. 88° 08’ W., in 210 fathoms (Type, No. 37333) ; GUNTHER, Challenger Report, Deep-Sea Fishes, Xxtt, 124, note 3, 1887. Celorhynchus caribbeus, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 401, fig. 338, 1896. 2967. “CELORHYNCHUS SCAPHOPSIS (Gilbert). Depth 63 in total length; head 44; scales 98. D.II,8; A. ca. 95. Snout flattened, acute, the conspicuous infraorbital ridge forming a strong ridge along its sides, the two meeting at tip in a salient point; an evident keel extending from tip of snout to middle of interorbital area; supraorbital ridge dividing anteriorly, 1 branch running down in front of nostril, the other separating nostril fossa from orbit; between the ridges the head is covered with a soft, yielding integument, which is semitranslucent. Lower side of snout wholly naked below, and with a large naked area above on each side of tip; snout projecting beyond mouth for a distance equaling length of maxillary. Mouth of moderate size, the maxillary reaching vertical from posterior margin of pupil, 34 in head. Teeth vyilli- form, in a broad band in upper jaw, in a narrower band below, not reduced to a single series laterally in either jaw, and none of the teeth enlarged. Eye large, elliptical, equaling length of snout, 3} in head; interorbital width 44. Barbel short, about 4 pupil; preopercular angle greatly pro- duced backward, wholly concealing the interopercle, the strong infra- orbital ridge failing to reach preopercular margin by only 4 diameter of pupil. Structure of gills as usual in this genus, the gill rakers obsolete; gill membranes broadly united, joined to isthmus, across which they form posteriorly a very narrow free fold. Besides the ridges already described on head, there are a pair on occiput, a pair from upper posterior margin of orbit to upper angle of gill opening, and a median ridge on nape reaching about halfway from occiput to dorsal. These ridges, as well as the interorbital space and the area between the occipital ridges, covered with scales compressed to a knife-like edge, which is provided with a single series of backward-directed spines; scales on infraorbital and rostral ridges bearing stellate spines or are similar to those on temporal region, sides of head, and body generally; scales on body large; 3 longitudinal series between lateral line and middle of first dorsal; each scale provided with a ridge bearing about 6 backward-directed spines, and from 2 to 4 Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2591 pairs of lateral ridges also bearing spines, the lateral ridges sometimes extending the whole width of scales, sometimes confined to their basal por- tion; marginal spines longest; axil of pectoral naked, its base anteriorly with small cycloid scales; a naked, much depressed, elliptical area between bases of ventrals in all specimens; second dorsal spine smooth, weak, little exceeding length of soft rays, equaling length of snout and orbit; base of first dorsal 14 in interspace between dorsals, which is 23 in head; distance from front of anal to snout equaling 4 total length; ventrals with the outer ray produced, about reaching front of anal; pectorals reaching beyond anal 4 length of head; ventrals with 7 rays; pectorals with 15 to 17 rays. Color light olive brown, dusted with coarse black specks; axil of pec- torals, belly, ventrals, and branchiostegal mem}hranes blue black; lower side of head dusky; mouth anteriorly, including tongue and } of palate, white, its posterior part and most of lining of gill cavity jet-black; inner lining of cheeks abruptly white; lower part of iris silvery; peritoneum silvery, with coarse dusky specks; vertical fins dusky, the anterior por- tion of anal black. Coast of southern California. Many specimens, the longest 12 inches long, from Albatross Station 3015, in 145 fathoms, (Gil- bert.) (6xa6n, spade; oyzs, face.) Macrurus (Celorhynchus) scaphopsis, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 115, Albatross Station 3015, coast of southern California, in 145 fathoms. 1008. TRACHONURUS, Giinther. Trachonurus, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, Deep-Sea Fishes, XXu, 124, 1887 (villosus). Seales not imbriecated, separated by furrows, and densely covered with sharp spinules, so that the animal seems villous to the touch; dorsal spine smooth; dorsal much lower than anal; teeth in both jaws in villiform bands; shout obtuse, the mouth subinferior; suborbital ridge little developed. This genus is distinguished from Calorhynchus by the indis- tinct squamation. (rpayvs, rough; ovpd, tail.) 2968. TRACHONURUS SULCATUS (Goode & Bean). Head 73 in total length; depth about 93; eye 3} in head; snout 4 to 44. D. II, 8 or 9, the second of numerous low rays; A. 120; V.7; P.15; scales 7-175 or more—33. Barbel 24 to 2 in eye. Body elongate, rapidly con- tracted behind the abdomen; the tail long and whip-like. Scales mode- rate, strongly armed, each with 8 to 10 spinelets, irregularly placed, less numerous in the young, which feel bristly to the touch, separated by wide deep furrows; armature of head similar to that of body, but the scales upon snout, cheeks, and chin have very feeble spines. Interorbital area nearly flat, its length equaling diameter of eye or about 3 in head; post- orbital part of head as long as eye; snout short, obtuse, scarcely over- hanging the mouth; nostrils somewhat above level of middle of eye, the anterior one nearly upon the dorsal outline. Upper jaw with 2 series of teeth in villiform bands, the outer series slightly enlarged; teeth of lower jaw in a single series; maxillary reaching to vertical through hind mar- gin of pupil in adult, shorter in younger individuals; length of upper jaw, 2592 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. including maxillary, 3 in head; mandible 2 in depth of body; barbel 2 to 2}in eye. Gill rakers very small, tubular, almost rudimentary, about 10 below angle of first arch; attachment of membrane to first arch yery extensive, but free from isthmus; no pseudobranchie. First dorsal com- paratively low, the first spine rudimentary, the second elongate and smooth; insertion of first dorsal immediately over or somewhat behind base of pectoral, its distance from snout 14 in head, its base equal to snout, its longest spine, when laid down, reaching behind origin of second dorsal, or 1} to 2 in head; second dorsal very low, its distance from first 3 to4 in head, 32 rays in a distance equal to length of head; 22 in same dis- tance of anal; anal much higher than second dorsal, yet very low, its longest ray equal to eye; distance of anal origin from snout 4% in total length, or nearly under origin of second dorsal; pectoral inserted under or somewhat in front of origin of first dorsal, its length about 2 in head; ventral inserted behind vertical from end of base of first dorsal, extend- ing to origin of anal, its length about equaling eye; vent about midway between origin of ventrals and anal. Color brown; abdomen and lower parts of head blackish in the young. West Indies and Gulf of Mexico, in deep water; taken both by the Albatross and the Blake. (sulcatus, fur- rowed.) Coryphenoides sulcatus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 596, Gulf of Mexico, at Albatross Station 2394, Lat. 28° 38’ 30’’ N., Long. 87° 02’ W., in 420 fathoms (Type, No. 37335); GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 403, 1896. Macrurus (Malacocephalus) suleatus, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, Deep-Sea Fishes, Xx, 169, 1887. Trachonurus sulcatus, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 410, fig. 348, 1896. 1009. LIONURUS, Giinther. Lionurus, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, xx11, Deep-Sea Fishes, 124, 1887 (jilicauda). This genus is close to Macrourus, differing in the smooth, flaccid scales, and soft, cavernous skull, characters associated with its extreme bathybial degradation. (AéZos, smooth; ovpd, tail.) a. Barbel minute, not 4 pupil; eye small, 5 in head; tail very slender. FILICAUDA, 2969. aa. Barbel moderate, 13 in eye; eye 3} in head. LIOLEPIS, 2970. 2969. LIONURUS FILICAUDA (Giinther). D.11; P.20; V.9; cwea 7. Snout considerably projecting beyond the mouth, pointed in the middle, twice as long as eye, which is unusually small, only } as wide as interorbital space. Mouth rather wide, extend- ing beyond the center of the eye. Upper teeth villiform, in a very nar- row band, those of mandible very small, biserial. Barbel minute. Pre- operculum with the angle produced backward, broadly rounded and crenulated on the margin. Terminal portion of the tail prolonged into a long filament, more slender than in any of the other species. Bones of head soft. Scales of moderate size, thin, cycloid, and deciduous, 6 or 7 in a transverse series between the first dorsal spine and the lateral line; snout Jordan and Evermann.— Fishes of North America, 2593 and inferior half of the infraorbital region naked. Second dorsal spine slender, with the barbs in front very inconspicuous and sometimes entirely absent; distance between dorsal fins less than length of head; outer ventral ray produced into a small filament. Distance between vent and isthmus less than length of head. Head and trunk whitish, tail brownish, lower part of head and gill openings black. (Giinther.) This species is clearly one of those in this family which extends to the greatest depths. The decrease in the size of the eye, the very soft bones, the com- comitant want of firmness in the structure of the scales, and the tail, which tapers into a very fine filament, indicate its abyssal abode. The scales are nearly all gone in all the specimens obtained. The species appears to be abundant in individuals, and has, like a true deep-sea fish, a wide distribution. (Giinther.) Antarctic Ocean and deep seas off both coasts of South America, (jfilum, thread; cauda, tail.) Coryphenoides (Lionurus) filicauda, GUNTHER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xx, 1878, 27, Deep seas on both sides of South America, in 1,375 to 2,650 fathoms. Macrurus jfilicauda, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, Deep-Sea Fishes, 141, pl. 34, fig. B, 1887. Tionurus filicauda, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 409, fig. 342, 1896. 2970. LIONURUS LIOLEPIS, Gilbert. Head 4% in length; depth 6}; maxillary nearly reaching vertical from posterior margin of orbit, 24 in head; eye 33; interorbital space concave, equaling snout, 44; barbel # eye. D. II, 10. A. 120. Snout short and high, with well-marked lateral ridge, the extreme tip flattened; the median ethmoidal ridge is prominent, and the supraocular ridge is con- tinued forward on the snout, meeting the lateral ridge in a projecting point. Top of snout wholly naked mesially, a narrow band of scales around each margin and in front. Lower side of head, including under side of snout, mandibles, gill membranes, and most of interopercles, naked ; avery small patch of scales on posterior part of interopercle. Mouth moderate, the snout overhanging the premaxillaries for a distance equal- ing +maxillary. Teeth inrather narrow cardiform bands in each jaw, not, however, forming single series laterally; the outer series in upper jaw only is enlarged; angle of preopercle little produced, not concealing the interopercle; infraorbital ridge not continued on to it. Gill membranes forming posteriorly a rather wide free feld across isthmus; outer gill arch joined to gill cover as usual in this genus. Scales small, everywhere cycloid, very deciduous, lost in most specimens; no spines developed, but occasionally can be seen traces of a median ridge and a pair of lateral ridges; about 6 or 7 series of scales between lateral line and base of first dorsal. Origin of first dorsal over or in advance of base of pectorals; base of first dorsal 14 to 1} in interval between dorsals; second dorsal spine usually smooth, occasionally with from 1 to 3 weak prickles near the mid- dle; length of spine 12 in head. Origin of anal slightly behind first dor- sal, the vent midway between base of ventrals and anal; ventrals short, the outer ray slightly produced, with from 10 to 12 rays; pectorals with 20 or 21 rays. Color very dark brown; snout, opercles, lower side of head, and abdominal region black or blue black; mouth and gill cavity 2594 Bulletin n #7; United States National Museum. black; peritoneum dusky silvery. Coast of southern California. Many specimens taken at A/batross Station 2980, in 603 fathoms. (Aézos, smooth; Aenis, scale.) (Gilbert.) Macrurus (Lionurus) liolepis, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 117, coast of southern California, at Albatross Station 2980, in 603 fathoms. Remotely related to the Scombriform fishes, and perhaps derived from the same ancestral stock as the Trichiurida, is the singular Suborder TAZ NIOSOMI. (THE RIBBON-FISHES.) This group is thus defined by Dr. Gill: “‘ Seapular arch subnormal, post-temporal undivided and closely applied to the back of the cranium, between the epiotic and pterotic, or upon the parietal; hypercoracoid perforate at or near the margin; cranium with the epiotics enlarged, encroaching backward and juxtaposed behind, inter- vening between the exoccipitals and supraoccipital; prootic and opisthotic represented chiefly by the enlarged prootic; suborbital chain imperfect; the copular bones separated by intervening cartilaginous elements; the hypopharyngeals styliform and parallel with the branchial arches; epi- pharyngeals in full number (4 pairs), and mostly compressed ; the dose fin composed of inarticulate rays or spines, separable into lateral halves, and the ventrals (when present) subbrachial. A myodome may be present or absent, none being developed in the Iegalecida, but 1 being distinct and supplemented by a dichost in the Trachyteride.” (Gill.) ‘The ribbon-fishes,” says Giinther, ‘‘are true deep-sea fishes, met with in all parts of the oceans, generally found when floating dead on the sur- face or thrown ashore by the waves. Their body is like a band, specimens of from 15 to 20 feet long being from 10 to 12 inches deep and about an inch or two broad at their thickest part. The eye is large and lateral; the mouth small, armed with very feeble teeth; the head deep and short. A high dorsal fin runs along the whole length of the back, and is supported by extremely numerous rays, its foremost portion, on the head, is detached from the rest of the fin, and composed of very elongate flexible spines. The anal fin is absent. The caudal fin (if preserved, which is rarely the case in adults) has an extra-axial position, being directed upward like a fan. Theventrals are thoracic, either compressed of several rays or reduced to a single long filament. The coloration is generally silvery, with rosy fins. When these fishes reach the surface of the water the expansion of the gases within their bodies has so loosened all the parts of their museu- lar and bony system that they can be lifted out of the water with diffi- culty only, and nearly always portions of the body and fins are broken and lost. The bones contain very little bony matter, and are very porous, thin, and light. At what depth ribbon fishes live is not known; probably the depths vary for different species; but although none has yet been obtained by means of the deep-sea dredge, they must be abundant at the bottom of all oceans, as dead fishes or fragments of them are frequently obtained. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2595 Some writers have supposed from the great length and narrow shape of these fishes that they have been mistaken for ‘sea serpents,’ but as these monsters of the sea are always represented by those who have had the good fortune of meeting with them as remarkably active, it is not likely that harmless ribbon-fishes, which are either dying or dead, have been the objects described as ‘sea serpents.’” (razvia, ribbon; C@ua, body.) FAMILIES OF TANIOSOMI. a. Ventral fins reduced each toa single long filament, thickened at the tip; anterior rays of dorsal produced; mouth small; caudal fin short or wanting. : REGALECID, CCXVI. aa. Ventral fins normally developed or else wanting. b. Caudal fin short, fan-shaped, inserted at an angle with axis of body; the tail not much produced beyond it. TRACHYPTERID®, CCXVII. bb. Caudal fin short, the tail beyond it ending in a long filament, longer than rest of body. STYLEPHORIDZ, CCXVIII. Family CCXVI. REGALECID. (OAR-FISHES. ) Body very elongated and compressed, the head oblong, the opercular apparatus well developed (the operculum extended backward, the sub- operculum obliquely behind it, and the interoperculum extended upward below the 2), the preorbital chain oblique and widest at the second bone; ventrals represented by single elongate rays, the cranium with the myodome atrophied and the dichost suppressed, the supraoccipital pushed forward by the extensive development of the epiotics which encroach for- ward on the roof as well as back and sides of the cranium, and with short ribs. (Gill.) Superficial characters are the very long dorsal, extending the whole length of the back and with the rays at the nape much produced; pectorals very short; caudal fin short or wanting; anal very low; head small; mouth very short; no air bladder; pyloric ceca numerous. One genus, with 2 or morespecies. Very large, surface-swimming fishes of the open seas; the great size, undulating motion and projecting mane causing them frequently to be taken for sea serpents. (Regalecide, Gill, Standard Nat. Hist., 11, 1885; GrILL, Amer. Nat. 1890, 482.) 1o1o. REGALECUS, Briinnich. (OAR-FISHES. ) Regalecus, BRUNNICH, Nya Sammlung, II, 414, 1788 (glesne). Gymnetrus, BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 487, 1801 (remipes). Xypterus, RAFINESQUE, Indice, 59, 1810 (imperati). Characters of the genus included above. “It is not certain that there is more than 1 species of Regalecus, although, as the synonymy which follows clearly shows, various names have been suggested in connection with the comparatively few individuals which, during the past century and a half, have been captured in the North Atlantic. There appears to be consider- 2596 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. able possibility of individual variation in proportions of height to length, and in the number of rays in the dorsal fin, but it is a fact well known to ichthyologists that constancy is not to be expected in forms in which the number of vertebre and fin rays has been extended far beyond the normal average. It should also besaid that most of the individuals studied have been in very imperfect condition, and also that in many instances the observations have been made by untrained observers, so that it seems doubtful whether there is really more than 1 species to be assigned to the Atlantic fauna. At all events, Giinther, Collett, Liitken, and Day agree in the idea that it is impossible to discriminate between the forms already described, and we follow their lead in considering them all, for the present, as a single species. It is not impossible, of course, that, should better material be obtained, it may be desirable to separate the group into more subspecies, but until this shall be done discrimination leads to confusion rather than to definite knowledge. The fishes belonging to the genus Regalecus are very remarkable, not only on account of their pecu- liar appearance and structure, but because of their enormous size. They have been known to attain the length of 20 feet, and it is more than probable that they grow very much longer, and that many of the creatures popularly identified with the ‘‘sea serpent” are only large individuals of this type. Indeed, it seems quite safe to assign to this group all the so- called ‘‘sea serpents” which have been described as swimming rapidly near the surface, with a horse-like head raised above the water, sur- mounted by a mane-like crest of red or brown. The individual which came ashore at Hungry Bay, in Bermuda, in 1860, and which was about 17 feet long, was described by the people who saw it before its capture as being very much larger, and as haying a head of an immense horse with a flaming red mane.” (Goode & Bean.) (rex, king; halec, herring. The species have long been known as ‘‘ king of the herrings,” as have those of Trachypterus. ) 2971. REGALECUS GLESNE (Ascanius). (OAR-FISH; SEA SERPENT.) Head 16 to 20; depth 12 to 24; eye 4 to6 in head; snout short, truncated. D. 275 to 400; P.11 to14; V.I. Body very elongate. Cleft of mouth ver- tical, the upper jaw very protractile; jaws minute or absent. Anterior 8 to 15 rays of dorsal forming an elevated crest, sometimes in 2 parts, the pos- terior rays with membranaceous tips; each ventral ray with a lobate mem- branaceous tip; skin with numerous bony tubercles; lateral line placed low. Color silvery gray, with a few spots or streaks of darker hue, most numerous anteriorly. Giinther (Challenger Report, xxu, 73 to 76) has in the most painstaking manner brought together a list of the specimens taken in the North Atlantic; as far as they are known to science. He mentions 14 known upon the Scandinavian coasts from 1740 to 1852; 19 on the British coasts from 1759 to 1884; 1 in the Mediterranean (he states, however, that about } a dozen specimens have been observed in the Medi- terranean); 1 in the Bermudas; 3 at the Cape of Good Hope; 1 in the Indian Ocean, and 5 off the coast of New Zealand. He calls attention to Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2597 the fact that of those observed on the British and Scandinavian coasts 4 were observed in the month of January, 5 in February, 8 in March, 2 in April, 1 in May, 1 in June, 1 in July, 2 in August, lin September, and 1 in October. He also calls attention to the fact that by far the greater pro- portion of their capture, in the Northern Hemisphere at least, is in the stormy season. This agrees with what we know of the capture of Tra- chypterus, which likewise seems to be brought to the surface only by great commotions of the ocean. The popular name of Regalecus is oarfish, in allu- sion to the blade-like expansion of the extremities of the 2 ventral fins. Regalecus is also called in the books the ‘king of the herrings.” Strangely enough, no representative of this genus has been found on the coast of North America. Giinther is of the opinion that ‘the distribution of this fish in the depths of the sea is the same as that of Trachypterus. The simi- larity in their geographical distribution is quite remarkable. (Goode & Bean.) (Eu.) (glesne, from ‘*Glesnes,” a farm at Glesvier, near Bergen, where the type of the species was taken. ) Spada marina, IMPERATO, Hist. Nat., 679, 687, 1599, Naples. Tegalecus glesne, ASCANIUS, Icones Rerum Nat., 11, pl. 11, about 1788, Glesver, Norway. Ophidium glesne, ASCANIUS, Nya Saml. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt., m1, 419, 1788. Regalecus remipes, BRUNNICH, Nya Saml. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt., 1, 1788, 414, taf. B., figs. 4, 5; WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, III, 647, tab. 3, fig. 4, 1792. Cepola gladius, WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 11, 617, 1792. Gymnetrus hawkenii, BLocu, Ichthyol., xu, 88, 425, 1792. Gymnetrus grillii, LINDROTH, Vet. Akad. Handl. 1798, 291, pl. 8. Gymnetrus ascanii, SHAW, Gen. Zool., lv, 197, 1803; after Ascanius. Xypterus imperati, RAFINESQUE, Indice, 59, 1810; after Ferrante Imperato. Gymnetrus longiradiatus, Risso, Eur. Mérid., 111, 296, 1826, Nice. Gymnetrus teliwm, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 361, pl. 299, 1834, Nice. Regalecus banksit, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 365, 1834, Filey Bay, Yorkshire. Gymnetrus capensis, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 376, 1834, Cape of Good Hope. Regalecus glesne, ASCANIUS, Icones Rerum Naturalium, 1806, pl. 11; LAcbiPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1, 214, 215, 1800; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 480, fig. 395, 1896. Gymnetrus remipes, BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 482, tab. 88, 1801; YARRELL, Brit. Fishes, Ed. 2,1, 223, and Ed. 3, 1, 361. Gymnetrus glesne, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 366. Gymnetrus gladius, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 352, pl. 298, 1835. ' Regalecus gladius, GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 303, 1861. Family CCXVII. TRACHYPTERIDZ. (THE KING OF THE HERRINGS.) Body moderately elongate, strongly compressed, naked, the skin smooth or prickly. Lateral line present. Head short; the mouth rather small, terminal, with feeble teeth; premaxillaries protractile; opercles unarmed; opercular apparatus abbreviated (the operculum extended downward, the suboperculum below it, and the interoperculum contracted backward and bounded behind by the operculum and suboperculum); the cranium with a myodome and dichost, the supraoccipital continued behind into a prominence; the epiotics confined to the sides and back of the cranium, and without ribs. Eye large, lateral; branchiostegals 6; gill membranes 2598 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. separate, free from the isthmus; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth. Pseudo- branchiz well-developed, in a pouch formed by a fold of the mucous membrane. Dorsal fin single, extending from the head to the tail, its rays all technically spinous, being neither articulated nor branched, but all very soft, flexible, and fragile; anal fin wanting; pectorals short; ventrals thoracic, the rays elongate, less than I, 5 in number, usually atrophied in the adult; caudal fin either rudimentary or else divided into 2 parts, the upper an4 larger fan-shaped, directed obliquely upward from the slender tip of the tail. Bones very soft, the muscles little coherent. Pyloric ceca very numerous. Vertebre in large number. Deep-sea fishes, often of large size, found in most warm seas. Their extreme fragility ren- ders them rare in collections, and the species are little known. One genus; species about 12. The ribbon-fishes are well known in the East- ern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, and have even been found as far west as Madeira [and Cuba]. Some few representatives have been found on the west coast of South America, and 1 or 2 examples have been taken in New Zealand. They are generally admitted to be true deep-sea fishes, which live at very great depths, and are only found when floating dead on the surface or washed ashore by the waves. \ Almost nothing is known of their habits except through Nilsson’s observations in the Far North. This naturalist, as well as Olafsen, appears to have had the opportunity of observing them in life. They say that they approach the shore at flood tide on sandy shelving bottoms, and are often left by the retreating waves. Nilsson’s opinion is that its habits resemble those of the flat fishes, and that they move with one side turned obliquely upward, the other toward the ground; and he says that they have been seen on the bottom in 2 or 3 fathoms of water, where the fisherman hook them up with the implements employed to raise dead seals, and that they are slow swimmers. This is not necessarily the case, however, for the removal of pressure and the rough treatment by which they were probably washed upon the shore would be demoralizing, to say the least. Trichiurus, a fish similar in form, is a very strong, swift swimmer, and so is Regalecus. Whether or not the habits of Trachypterus arcticus, on which these obser- vations were made, are a safe guide in regard to the other fornis is a mat- ter of some doubt, but it is certain that they live far from the surface, except near the Arctic Circle, and that they only come ashore acciden- tally. They have never been taken by the deep-sea dredge or trawlnet, and, indeed, perfect specimens are very rare, the bodies being very soft and brittle, the bones and fin rays exceedingly fragile. A considerable num- ber of species have been described, but in most instances each was based upon 1 or 2 specimens. It is probable that future studies may be as fruit- ful as that of Emery, who, by means of a series of 23 specimens, succeeded in uniting at least 3 of the Mediterranean species, which for half a cen- tury or more had been regarded as distinct. The common species of the Eastern Atlantic, Trachypterus atlanticus, is not rare, 1 or more specimens, according to Giinther, being secured along the coast of northern Europe after almost every severe gale. We desire to quote the recommendation of Dr. Giinther, and to strongly urge upon any one who may be so fortu- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2599 pate asto secure 1 of these fishes, that no attempt should be made to keep it entire, but that it should be cut into short lengths and preserved in the strongest spirits, each piece wrapped separately in muslin. (Goode & Bean.) 1o1rr. TRACHYPTERUS, Gouan. (KING oF THE HERRINGS.) Trachypterus, GOUAN, Hist. Poiss., 104, 153, 1770 (trachypterus). Bogmarus, BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 518, 1801 (islandicus—areticus). Body elongate, compressed, ribbon-shaped, the dorsal fin extending the entire length of the back. Anal absent; each ventral well developed, if present, but sometimes absent. Caudal present and placed for the most part above the longitudinal axis of the body. No air bladder. Pyloric appendages numerous. Ventrals appearing to be absent in some individ- uals, but Day calls attention to the fact that most of the specimens of T. arcticus taken along the coast of Great Britain had no ventrals. In the very young, as has been shown by Emery, the fin rays commence to grow when it is about 6 mm. Jong, and continue to lengthen until it is about 24 mm. long, after which a partial shortening takes place. Ventrals very elongate in the young, and the eaudal rays much longer than in the grown fish. Young individuals (from 2 to 4 inches) are not rarely met with near the surface; they possess the most extraordinary development of fin rays observed in the whole class of fishes, some of them being several times larger than the body, and provided with lappet-like dilatations. There is no doubt that fishes with such delicate appendages are bred and live in depths where the water is absolutely quiet, as a sojourn in the disturbed water of the surface would deprive them at once of organs which must be of some utility for their preservation. (Goode & Bean.) (rTpaxvs, rough; zrepor, fin.) a. Color bright metallic silvery, a jet-black blotch at base of dorsal; 3 dark spots on side, 2 smaller ones on belly; anterior profile, snout, and tip of mandible, jet black; caudal and ventral fins carmine red in life. REX-SALMONORUM, 2972. aa. Color shining leaden gray; no black. TRACHYURUS, 2978. 2972. TRACHYPTERUS REX-SALMONORUM, Jordan & Gilbert. (KING OF THE SALMON.) Head 8}; cross depth at nape 8. D.V-170; C.8; V.6; P.11. Body long and slender, closely compressed and ribbon-shaped, as usual in the genus. Head short, deeper than long, the anterior profile steep and nearly straight to the base of the nuchal crest; dorsal fin beginning on the top of nuchal crest, which is directly over the second third of the diameter of eye; height of crest slightly more than diameter of eye, the latter greater than length of snout, and 3in head. Mouth oblique; maxil- lary rugose and very broad, its width } its length; length of lower jaw greater than length of snout, 2} in head, its angle under the front of the orbit. Opercular bones rugose, entirely covering the gills. Premaxillary covered with minute and feeble teeth, in addition to which in this speci- men are 3 canines, 2 on one side and 1 on the other, directed very obliquely 2600 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. backward. On the side having 2 canines, 1 1s placed directly behind the other; lower jaw with 3 strong canines on one side and 2 strong and 1 weak canine on the other, all directed obliquely backward and inward, Dorsal fins slightly connected at base; the filamentous rays of the first dorsal not quite twice the length of head; ventrals inserted just below axil of pectorals, filamentous, about 4 longer than head; pectorals } longer than eye; caudal rays simple to near tip, where is sometimes a single fork, the longest filamentous rays about 3 times length of head; dorsal fin much lower than body, longest rays of second dorsal nearly # length of head; a series of spinules along base of dorsal, 1 pair for each ray, Lateral line well developed, with a series of small inconspicuous plates, each of which has a minute central prickle. Lower part of the body thickly beset with small spinous tubercles; rest of the skin naked; rays of all the fins accompanied by a series of small prickles, Coloration everywhere bright metallic silvery, an oblong jet-black blotch a little longer than eye lying close along base of dorsal and beginning 14 diame- ters of eye behind eye; 3 larger spots, dusky but not black, lying behind this along side between lateral line and dorsal fin; 2 smaller dusky spots on belly, the one just behind base of ventrals, the other under the second of the 4 spots of back; these spots, except the first one mentioned, are all diffuse and a little less than twice the diameter of eye in length and about twice as long as deep; anterior profile below crest, including front of snout and tip of mandible, jet-black; caudal and ventral fins carmine red in life; other fins unmarked. Length 17 inches. This species bears some resemblance to Trachypterus altivelis described by Kner from Valpa- raiso. The latter species has, however, the nuchal crest much lower and farther back, the first dorsal and the ventrals much lower, the second dor- sal fin higher, the skin rougher, the 4 black spots different in size and position from those found in our specimen, and the caudal rays divided near the base. It is probable that the 3 specimens of Trachypterus men- tioned in the Synopsis of the Fishes of North America, p. 619, and referred with doubt to Trachypterus altivelis, really belong to the present species. Four specimens known; 1 from Santa Cruz, California, taken by Dr. C. L. Anderson; 2 from the Straits of Fuca, taken by Mr. J. G. Swan, and the type, obtained by a fisherman (Mr. Knox) in the open sea outside the bay of San Francisco. According to Mr. Swan the species is known by the Makah Indians west of the Straits of Fuca as “king of the salmon,” and its destruction is believed to have a baneful influence on the salmon fish- ing. ‘ When the king of the salmon is killed the salmon will cease to run.” (rex, king; salmonorum, of the salmon.) ?Trachypterus altivelis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881,52; JORDAN & GIL- BERT, Synopsis, 618, 1883; specimen from Santa Cruz; not of KNER. Trachypterus rez-salmonorum, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1894, 145, pl. 9, open sea outside Bay of San Francisco. (Type, No. 1382, L.S.Jr. Univ. Coll. Mr. Knox.) 2973. TRACHYPTERUS TRACHYURUS, Posey. D. 82; P. 15; V. 6. Eye 2} in head, high, as long as snout. Mouth almost vertical. Bones of head thin as paper. Lateral line a little con- cave on the middle of trunk. No scales; pectorals small; ventrals behind Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2601 pectorals, very long, reaching past vent, which is at second third of length, including caudal; dorsal almost as high as body, without plume in front. Vertebre 36-+18. Shining leaden gray, a silvery band produced by the vertebral column showing through. Cuba. (Poey); not seen by us. (rpaxus, rough; ovpd, tail.) Trachypterus trachyurus, PoEY, Memorias, II, 420, 1861, Cuba. Family CCXVIII. STYLEPHORID&, Body elongate, compressed, ribbon-shaped; the dorsal extending from head nearly to end of tail; tail terminating in an exceedingly long, cord- like appendage, about twice as long as head. Anal absent; ventrals absent; caudal erected upward, having its rays’ connected by a rather firm membrane. Snout produced; mouth small, toothless; maxillary bones small, short, hidden behind premaxillaries; mandible long, extend- ing far behind the eye. Eye large, turned forward; suborbital very large, covering nearly the whole of cheek and extending backward behind eye. Opercles small. Gill openings wide; gills 4. Vent premedian. Branchi- ostegals 4. (Goode & Bean.) This family is based on a single specimen obtained in the West Indies in 1790 and preserved in the British Museum. The relations of the fish are uncertain, and it may not belong to the Teni- osomi. Its nearest relations are, however, apparently with Trachyterus. (Stylephoride, SwAtnson, Nat. Hist. Class’n Fishes, 1, 47, 1839.) 1012. STYLEPHORUS, Shaw. Stylephorus, SHAW, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1, 1791, 90 (chordatus). Characters of the genus included above. (érUAos, a style or projecting part; gopéa, to bear.) 2974. STYLEPHORUS CHORDATUS, Shaw. Head 6; depth 5. D.110; C.6; P.13; B. 4. Snout produced, subcylin- drical; mouth small and toothless; maxillary bones small, short, and hid- den behind the intermaxillaries; mandible long, extending far behind eye; eyes large, close together, directed forward toward snout; suborbital very large, covering nearly the whole of cheek, and extending backward behind eye; opercles small; gillopenings very wide; gills4. Ventsituated before middle of total length; pectorals pointed, directed upward, about 4 as long as head; dorsal extending from head nearly to end of tail; caudal directed upward, and having its rays connected by a rather firm mem- brane, the tail terminating in a narrow band-like appendage about twice as long as body. Color uniform silvery. (Giinther.) This remarkable form is known only from a single specimen, 11 inches long, with the caudal appendage 22 inches in length, which was taken in the Atlantic, between Cuba and Martinique, about the year 1790, and is now in the British Museum. It is undoubtedly an inhabitant of great depths. (Goode & Bean.). (chordatus, with a chord; from yop6y, string.) Stylephorus chordatus, SHAw, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1, 1791, 90, pl. 6, between Cuba and Martinique; SHAW, Zool., Iv, 87; SHAw, Naturalists’ Miscellany, vu, pl. 274; BLAINVILLE, Journ. Phys., LXxxvul, 60, pl. 1, fig.1; CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 381; GUNTHER, Cat., 1, 306, 1861; GoopE & Bran, Oceanic Ichthyology, 482, pl. 66, figs. 393 and 394, 1896. 3030——86 2602 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Suborder HETEROSOMATA. (THE FLATFISHES.) ‘‘Cranium posteriorly normal; anteriorly with twisted vertex, to allow 2 orbits on the same side, or 1 vertical and 1 lateral; basis cranii not quite simple. Dorsal fin long, of jointed rays; superior pharyngeals 4, the third longest, much extended forward, the inferior separate.” (Cope.) This suborder includes the 2 families, Plewronectidw and Soleide. Its near- est relationship is probably with the Gadida, although the developed pseudobranchiz and the thoracic ventral fins, indicate an early differentia- tion from the anacanthine fishes. In the very young fishes the 2 sides of the body are alike and the eyes are 1 on each side, with normal cranium. (Erepos, different; G@ua, body.) (Anacanthini pleuronectoidei, Giinther, Cat., Iv, 399, 504.) FAMILIES OF HETEROSOMATA. a. Preopercular margin more or less distinct, not hidden by the skin and scales of the head; eyes large, well separated ; mouth moderate or large; teeth present. PLEURONECTID, CCXIX. aa. Preopercular margin adnate, hidden by the skin and scales of the head; eyes small, close together; mouth very small, much twisted; teeth rudimentary or wanting. SOLEID, CCXX. Family CCXIX: PLEURONECTID.* (THE FLOUNDERS.) Body strongly compressed, oval or elliptical in outline; head unsym- metrical, the cranium twisted, both eyes being on the same side of the body, which is horizontal in life, the eyed side being uppermost and colored, the blind side lowermost and usually plain. In the very young fish the bones of the head are symmetrical, 1 eye on each side, and the body is vertical in the water. In most species the cranium becomes twisted, bringing the upper eye over with it. Eyes large, well separated. Mouth small or large, the dentition various, the teeth always present; premaxillaries protractile; no supplemental maxillary bone; pseudo- branchie present. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; lower pharyngeals separate; no air bladder; preopercle with its margin usually distinct, not wholly adnate or hidden by the skin of the head; vent not far behind head, the viscera confined to the anterior part of the body. Scales various, rarely absent, usually small. Lateral line usually present, extending on the caudal fin, sometimes duplicated or wanting. Dorsal fin long, con- tinuous, of soft rays only, beginning on the head; anal similar, shorter; caudal various, sometimes coalescent with dorsal and anal; pectorals inserted rather high, rarely wanting; ventrals under the pectorals, usu- ally of several soft rays, one of them sometimes wanting. Fishes mostly carnivorous, inhabiting sandy bottoms in all seas, some species ascending rivers. Many of them are important food-fishes. Genera about 55; species * For complete synonymy and descriptions of the American apts of this family of fishes. see ‘“‘A review of the flounders and soles (Pleuronectid@) of America and Europe,” by David Starr Jordan and David Kop Goss, in Report United States Fish Comm. for 1886, 225-342, pls. 1 to 9, first published in 1889. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2603 nearly 500. The group ‘‘Bibroniide” recently recognized by some of the Italian ichthyologists as a separate family (‘‘Bibronidi”’), is composed entirely of larval forms in the early stages of their development. In this condition the eyes are symmetrical and the body translucent. Several generic names have been given to these peculiar forms (Peloria, Bibronia, Coccolus, Charybdia, Bascanius, Delothyris), but, of course, these genera can have no permanent place in the system. Peloria has been shown by Dr. Emery to be the young of Platophrys. The others seem to belong to the Cynoglossine or to some allied group, but we are not yet certain as to the correct identification of any of them. We recognize among the Pleuro- nectide 6 subfamilies—Hippoglossine, Psettine, Samarine, Pleuronectina, Oncopterine, and Pelecanichthyinw. These subfamilies are natural groups and are in most cases easily distinguished, although some few aberrant genera exist, which serve as links joining one group to another. Thus Isopsetta of the Pleuronectine is certainly a near ally of Pseltichthys, which is as certainly a genuine member of the Hippoglossine. The Hippoglossine and the Pleuronectine are largely arctic in their distribution, few of the former group and none of the latter extending into the Tropics. The Oncopterinw seem to take the place of the Pleuronectina in antarctic waters, but the species of this group are few in number. The Psettine and the soles are, on the other hand, essentially warm-water fishes, their represent- atives in the north being comparatively few. The Samarine are few in number and belong to the East Indian fauna, and the single species of Pelecanichthyine belongs to the bassalian fauna of the Pacific. As the tropical Hippoglossine and all the Psettine are sinistral species, the eyes and color being on the left side of the body, it follows that the tropical flounders are nearly all left-sided species, while those of arctic and ant- arctic waters are chiefly dextral species, the eyes and color on the right. The Hippoglossine are the most generalized of the flatfishes. From the northern representatives of this group, the allies of Hippoglossoides, the Pleuronectine, are certainly descended. The Psettinw are apparently derived from ancestors of the type of Paralichthys. The soles show closest affinities with the Psettinw, from ancestors of which group they have become degraded. Very remarkable is the relation between the number of vertebrie and the geographical distribution of the various species. It has been already noticed by Dr. Gill, Dr. Giinther and others that in some groups of fishes northern representatives have the number of vertebra increased. In no group is this more striking than in the flounders, as the following table, showing the numbers of the vertebrze in various species, willclearly show. The numbers inclosed in brackets are copied from Dr. Giinther; the others represent our own count of specimens. Numbers of vertebrae in flounders. I.—HIPPOGLOSSIN®. Eappotlossus hipporlossug <<. . 2. ~ Sxewon< sueden bees o-ce 16+ 34= 50 PUNE ESUNES SLOMMNAS e222 se ono sewer ae eee ae = 12+ 37=— 49 Hippoglossoides platessoides.. - -- Sa ae ees. 13 +32—= 45 yO psetia OX St s- os eae nae ee aoe Siero eee ors 114 34— 45 Eopsetta jordani Oe ee eee ee eee eee eee eee 11 + 32=> 43 2604 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Psettichthys melanostictus.-2:-- 2.2.2 lc2s 3. eee se sees 11+ 29— 40 Paralichthys Oblongus.....---<-255-c5.-t=os oes eee 114+-30= 41 Paralichthys dentatus .....2 OOS es 2 ees 10+ 30= 40 Paralichthys lethostigmus:” 222022 e 26> eer 10 + 27 = 37 Paralichthys albiguttus ware SLRS Jie SEL LOR ee eee 10 -+- 27= 37 Paralichthys californicus jo. 02-2 ent Soe oaks sep see 10+ 25— 35 Xystreurys liolepis: 2222-255 26% coe eee et ee 12 +-25 — 37 Ancylopsetta quadrocellata. iso. ce spec oe oes eee eee 9-+-26= 35 IJ.—PLEURONECTIN2. Glyptocephaluszachirus 22 J2- 2-2 2322.2. Sees eee 13 -+52— 65 Glyptocephalus: cynoglossus: ---- = .2-22 52.2222. seeks ene [58] Microstomus pacificus ;-2.- ~.=-\22-5- 2 ese ee ee eee 12+4+40— 52 Microstonitus (ott -2-e< ness. ee eeee ek nie oe ee [13 + 35— 48] Parophrys vetalus.< -~ 2.22208 Soc: oe anen nesses Bee ee eee 114+ 33= 44 Pleuronectes platessa. :... .-2- 2-2. Joc se. fae cee eee soe [ER Oa Isopsetia isolepis: [220322 2207 2: 2255-2222 i eee eee 10+ 32— 42 Lepidopsetia, bilineata...-.. 2. ~~... 2.505 -ts--= westibtecsccere sees ae See 11+ 26=— 37 Flesus flesus---.---- oda atacue a Semae eee . [124+ 24—= 36] Pseudopleuronectes a americanus ..--.. 0.2.2. sc. 20, Sue 10+ 26— 36 Hypsopsetta guttulata.-_...- Peed. oocle ce Roe ee ee 11 + 24 — 35 Platichthys-stellatus:.\.’).~.,.2:-Acsa een een cemeeeeeee 12+ 23= 35 III.—PsETTINzZ Monolene sessilicauda ......----------------. ocx ae es [43] Lepidorhombus whiff-iagonis ..--.........-----.--------- [11+ 30— 41] Citharichthys'sordidus 3... ¢22 222 222250. e ee ee 11+ 29— 40 Platoplirys lunatuse2- 2222 e- -sssee eis See eee 9+30= 39 Aravglossus laterna «25-25-32 => =e a5- poses aap eee 10 + 28 = 38 Arnoglossus grohmannl << 4 << iss: e-= se piece eee 10 + 28— 38 Zeugopterus PUN CAINS cee cee cee eee eee ee eee (124+ 25= 37] Platophrys ocellatus-~ 22. 22222 fies ees see ee eee 10 -+-27= 37 Lophopsetta maculatas.2 3.225.222 scceee ewe eee eee 11+ 25— 36 Bothus Thom bus «:. 22 2.22245 2 eee soe ea eee eee 12+ 24— 36 Syacium papilosum . .- < 222.62 lees teen ees eee 11 -+- 25 = 36 Citharichthys arctifrons..-.....------------------------- 10+ 26= 36 SYACIUM WMETUTUM | -— 22> lec cis see sae ae ee ee 104 25= 35 Phrynorhombus regius- +... ./...J--254 25.60 so eos Lewes 5» LOSE Se Citharichthys spilopterus..< 2-2 ee—- eer eee 104+ 24— 34 Citharichthys macrops..-.-=.3-.- 5. 35) se anceee eee 10 + 24— 34 NiLopus MICLOStOMUS cee. 2-5 so ie Seine ee eae 10+ 24=— 34 Etropus crosgotas*). £2 so0-.3 0 352.5106 Cee eee ee 10+ 24— 34 Azevia palamoensis .ofatevjoyii +6 soa onns eee ap eee ' 33 Psetta, maxima <<... s5- seek ope eee eee eee eee 12+19= 31 The subdivision of the flounders into genera leaves room for considerable variety of opinion. Most of the species are well defined and easily recog- nized, but they do not fall readily into generic groups unless we regard almost every well-marked species as the type of a distinct genus. A natu- ral result of an attempt at sharply defining the genera is to reach what seems an extreme degree of generic subdivision. On the other hand, at- tempts to unite these smaller groups to form larger ones often leave these larger ones at once unnatural and ill-defined. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2605 It will probably appear to some that the process of generic subdivision has been in this paper carried too far. It is possible that this is true, but the arrangement which we have adopted seems to bring out the relations of the different forms better than can be done by a more conservative view of the genera. (Pleuronectidw, Giinther, Cat., 1v, 1862.) SUBFAMILIES OF PLEURONECTID. A. Ventral fins symmetrical, similar in position and in form of base, the ventral of the colored side not extended along the ridge of the abdomen. a. Mouth nearly symnfetrical, the dentition nearly equally developed on both sides, the gape usually but not always wide. (Halibut tribe.) HIPPOGLOSSIN&, I. aad. Mouth unsymmetrical, the jaws on the eyed side with nearly straight outline, the bones on the blind side strongly curved; teeth chiefly on the blind side. b. Eyes and color on the right side (with occasional exceptions). (Flounder tribe.) PLEURONECTINA, II. AA. Ventral fins unsymmetrical, dissimilar in position and usually also in form, the ventral fin of the eyed side being extended along the ridge of the abdomen. - Eyes and color on the left side. (Turbot tribe.) PSETTIN, II. ANALYSIS OF GENERA. I. HIPPOGLOSSIN. (HALIBUT TRIBE.) , Large-mouthed flounders with the ventral fins symmetrical.—Mouth sym- metrical, the jaws and the dentition nearly equally developed on both sides; gape usually wide, the maxillary more than } length of head. Lower pharyngeals narrow, usually with but 1 or 2 rows of sharp teeth; teeth in jaws usually acute. Eyes large; edge of preopercle free. Pec- toral and ventral fins well developed, the ventral fins similar in position and in form of base, the ventral fin of the eyed side not being attached along the ridge of the abdomen. Septum of gill cavity without foramen. a. Vertebrx and fin rays much increased in number (the vertebra about 50; dorsal rays about 100, anal rays about 85); bedy comparatively elongate; caudal fin lunate; lateral line simple; anal spine mostly obsolete. Dextral species, arctic in dis- tribution. (Genera allied to dippoglossus.) b. Large teeth in both jaws arrow-shaped, biserial, some of them depressible; upper eye with vertical range; gill rakers short; scales deciduous, ciliated; lateral line without arch; flesh soft. Vertebrz (in A. stomias) 12 +-37—49. 4 ATHERESTHES, 1013. bb. Large teeth not arrow-shaped, biserial above, uniserial below; scales very small, eycloid; gill rakers long and slender; eyes strictly lateral. c. Lateral line without anterior arch; lower pharyngeal teeth uniserial. REINHARDTIUS, 1014. ec. Lateral line with an anterior arch; lower pharyngeal teeth biserial; ver- tebrx (in H. hippoglossus) 16 + 34—50. HipPPoGLossvts, 1015. aa. Vertebrx and fin rays in moderate number (vertebrie less than 46; dorsal rays fewer than 95; anal rays fewer than 75); caudal fin double truncate or rounded, the median rays longest. d, Lateral line without distinct anterior arch; vertebra 40 to 46; body normally dextral;* caudal peduncle distinct; scales ciliated; anal spine usually strong. Species of subarctic distribution. (Genera allied to Hippoglos- soides.) * Frequently sinistral in Hippoglossoides elassodon. 2606 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. e. Lateral line simple, without accessory dorsal branch; teeth sharp, those of lower jaw uniserial; dorsal beginning above eye. Jf. Teeth in the upper jaw biserial. g. Scales comparatively large, thin, and deciduous; lateral line 70; body slender, the fleshsoft; vertebre (in L. exilis) 11 + 34—45. LYOPSETTA, 1016. gg. Scales small and adherent; lateral line 96; body robust, the flesh firm; vertebre (in EZ. jordani) 114+ 32—43. EopseEtTA, 1017. jf. Teeth in the upper jaw uniserial; scales small and flesh firm; verte- bre (in H. platessoides) 13 + 32—45. HIPPOGLOSSOIDES, 1018. ee. Lateral line with an accessory dorsal branch; scales small, firm, ctenoid; dorsal tin beginning before the eye; teeth sharp, unequal, some of them canine-like; mouth not large; lower pharyngeal teeth sharp, uniserial; vertebra (in P. melanostictus) 11 + 29—40. PSETTICHTHYS, 1019. dd. Lateral line with an arch in front; no accessory branch; vertebrw in smaller number (35 to 41); anal spine usually obsolete; body normally sinistral. (Species chiefly of the temperate or subtropical seas, none of them Arctic and none European.) (Genera allied to Paralichthys.) h. Dorsal fin beginning above the pupil; teeth rather small; no canines; body indifferently dextral or sinistral (in some species at least). i. Scales ctenoid. j- Teeth in upper jaw in 2 series; gill rakers broad. ‘VERASPER, 1020. jj. Teeth all uniserial; gill rakers slender. HIPPOGLOsstNA, 1021. ii. Seales cycloid; teeth uniserial; gill rakers short and thick. k. Teeth small, pointed, equal. LIOGLOSSINA, 1022. kk. Teeth unequal, blunt, conical; caudal fin subsessile, the ¢an- dal peduncle extremely short; skin of shoulder girdle with patches of cup-shaped scales; vertebrz (in X. liolepis) 12 + 25— 37. XYSTREURYS, 1023. hh. Dorsal fin beginning in advance of eye; teeth sharp, uniserial or smooth. l. Seales weakly ciliated; caudal fin with a distinct peduncle; mouth large; teeth unequal, some of the anterior canine like; gill rakers rather long and slender; no dorsal lobe nor produced ventral rays; vertebr 35 to 41. PARALICHTHYS, 1024. ll. Seales very strongly ctenoid on both sides of body; mouth smallish, with small, sharp teeth; anterior rays of dorsal more or less exserted, thus forming a more or less distinct lobe; gill mem- branes considerably united; gill rakers short and broad; cau- dal peduncle short; left ventral produced; vertebr (in A. quadrocellata) 9 + 26 —35. m. Lateral line with its tubes much branched, covering parts of contiguous scales; dorsal lobe low; left ventral much produced. RAMULARIA, 1025. mm. Lateral line with its tubes simple, not branched. n. Body broad, ovate, the depth more than 4 length; dorsal lobe and left ventral moderately produced. ANCYLOPSETTA, 1026. nn. Body elliptical, the depth not more than 4 length; dor- sal lobe and left ventral greatly produced. NovTosEMA, 1027. Ul. Seales entirely smooth; caudal peduncle short; mouth small; gill rakers short and thick; dorsal with an anterior lobe; left ventral elongate. GASTROPSETTA, 1028 —— Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2607. II.—PLEURONECTIN&. (FLOUNDER TRIBE.) Mouth small, unsymmetrical, the jaws on the eyed side with nearly straight outline, the bones on the blind side strongly curved; dentition chiefly developed on the blind side; eyes large; edge of preopercle not hidden by the scales; pectoral fins well developed; vertical fins well separated; ventral fins nearly or quite symmetrical, that of the eyed side not prolonged along the ridge of the abdomen; anal spine usually strong (obsolete in Microstomus and Embassichthys). Body dextral (except fre- quently in Platichthys stellatus).. Species arctic or subarctic in distribution. a. Vertebre in moderate number, from 10 + 26— 36 to 11 +33—44; dorsal rays 65 to 80; anal rays 45 to 60. b. Teeth small, acute, in several series; lateral line nearly straight, with an acces- sory dorsal branch; lower pharyngeals narrow, with small biserial teeth; scales cycloid. e. Lips thick, each with several longitudinal folds; dorsal fin beginning on the blind side; vertebrie 38 to 40. PLEURONICHTHYS, 1029. ec. Lips simple; dorsal fin beginning on the median line; vertebra (in H. gut- tulatu) 11 + 24—35. HYPSOPSETTA, 1030. bb. Teeth chiefly uniserial, all more or less blunt, conical or-incisor-like. d, Lateral line with an accessory dorsal branch. e, Lateral line without distinct arch in front. f. Teeth compressed, incisor-like, close set. g. Seales closely imbricated, mostly cycloid; upper eye on median line; vertebre (in P. vetulus) 11 + 33— 44, PAROPHRYS, 1031. gg. Seales scarcely imbricated, all very strongly ctenoid; eyes both lateral. INOPSETTA, 1032. ff. Teeth conical, separated, not incisor-like; scales closely imbri- cated, all strongly ctenoid; mouth comparatively large (ap- proaching that of Psettichthys); vertebra (in J. isolepis) 10+ a2=-4m ISOPSETTA, 1033. ee. Lateral line with a distinct arch in front; seales imbricated, rough- ctenoid; vertebr (in L. bilineata) 11+ 29—40. LEPIDOPSETTA, 1034. dd. Lateral line without accessory dorsal branch. h. Lateral line with a distinct arch in front; scales imbricated, rough- ctenoid; vertebrz (in L. limanda) about 40. LIMANDA, 1035. hh, Lateral line without distinct arch in front. i. Scales regularly imbricate, all (on eyed sided ctenoid in both sexes; no stellate tubercles on head nor on bases of dorsal and anal fins; teeth, incisor-like, close set; lower pharyn- geals very narrow, each with 2 rows of separate, conical teeth; fin rays scaly. PSEUDOPLEURONECTES, 1036. wi. Scales imperfectly imbricated, or else not all ctenoid. j. Seales chiefly cycloid in both sexes; lower pharyngeals small and narrow, separate, each with about 1 row of small, bluntish teeth; teeth incisor-like, close set, forming a cutting edge; no stellate scales at base of dorsal and anal. PLEURONECTES, 1037. jj. Seales rough-ctenoid in the male, more or less cycloid in the female (fin rays scaly in the male, naked in the female); lower pharyngeals very large, more or less united in the adult, their surface somewhat concave, the teeth in 5 or 6 rows, large, blunt, close set; teeth in jaws incisor-like; fin rays of dorsal and anal with- out tubercles at base. LIOPSETTA, 1038. 2608 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. jij. Seales allin both sexes and on both sides of the body represented by coarse scattered stellate tubercles; similar tubercles between bases of dorsal and anal rays; lateral line without scales; lower pharyngeals broad, each with 3 rows of blunt, coarse teeth; teeth incisor-like. PLATICHTHYS, 1039. aa, Vertebre in increased number (varying from 13 + 35—48 to 13 +52—65); dorsal rays 90 to 120; anal rays 70 to 100; teeth broad, incisor-like; scales small, all ceycloid. (Genera allied to Glyptocephalus.) k. Left side of skull normal; anal spine obsolete; vertebrae 48 to 52. l. Body elongate, the depth 2} to 3 in length; vertebrae 48 to 52. MiIcROSsTOMUS, 1040. ll. Body stouter, the depth 2 to 2} in length; vertebra more numerous, about 63. EMBASSICHTHYS, 1041. kk. Left side of skull with large mucous cavities; anal spine strong; vertebrie 58 to 65. GLYPTOCEPHALUS, 1042. III.—PSETTIN. (TuRBOT TRIBE.) Large-mouthed flounders, with the ventral fins unsymmetrical.—Mouth sym- metrical, the dentition nearly equally developed on both sides; gape usually wide (narrow in Platophrys, Etropus, ete.), the maxillary commonly more than + length of head; lower pharyngeals narrow, each with one or more rows or a narrow band of small, sharp teeth; teeth in jaws acute; eyes not minute; pectorals and ventrals usually well developed; edge of pre- opercle free; ventral fins dissimilar in form or in position, that of the left or eyed side inserted on the ridge of the abdomen, its base extended along this ridge, its rays more or less wide apart; caudal fin rounded or subtrun- cate; no accessory lateral line; anal spine usually weak or obsolete; a pelvic spine sometimes developed ; vertebra in moderate or small number, 31 to 45. Body sinistral. Species chiefly tropical or subtropical in dis- tribution. a. Pectoral fin of both sides present; septum of gill cavity below gill arches without foramen; a deep emargination near the isthmus; ventral fins free from anal. b. Vomer with teeth; lateral line with a strong arch in front; teeth subequal, in villiform bands; body broadly ovate; caudal fin subsessile; interorbital area broad; scales small, cycloid; gill rakers long and slender; anterior dorsal rays produced; vertebr 36. LOPHOPSETTA, 1043. bb. Vomer toothless; ventral tins free from anal; caudal fin subsessile. c. Lateral line with a distinct arch in front; teeth small, uniserial, or imper- fectly biserial. d. Interorbital space more or less broad, deeply concave, at least in the males; form broad ovate; gill rakers short and thick. e. Scales small, ctenoid, adherent, 75 to 100 or more; anterior rays of dorsal not elevated; pectoral of left side usually filamentous in the male; vertebre (in P. lunatus) 9 4-30=39. PLATOPHRYS, 1044. ee. Scales moderate, 60 to 70; anterior rays of dorsal greatly pro- duced; no lateral line on blind side. PERISSIAS, 1045. dd. Interorbital space a narrow ridge; dorsal not elevated in front. 7. Gillrakers obsolete; interorbital area armed with a spine; scales rough. ENGYOPHRYS, 1046. Jf. Gill rakers slender; right ventral elongate; scales etenoid. TRICHOPSETTA, 1047. Jordan and Evermann.—Ffishes of North America, 2609 ec. Lateral line without arch in front. g. Teeth in upper jaw biserial, in the lower uniserial, the front teeth of upper jaw enlarged; vertebra 35 or 36; gill rakers short; interor- bital space broad in the male. SyAcrum, 1048. gg- Teeth in each jaw uniserial; interorbital space very narrow, the ridges coalescing between the eyes. h. Mouth not very small, the maxillary more than § length of head. i. Gillrakers very short and thick, tnbercle-like. j. Seales cycloid, small, and firm. CYCLOPSETTA, 1049. jj. Seales small, firm, ctenoid. AZEVIA, 1050. wi. Gill rakers slender, of moderate length; scales thin, decid- uous, Ciliated; vertebrae 34to40. CITHARICHTHYs, 1051. hh. Mouth very small, the teeth subequal, the maxillary less than 34 length of head; scales thin; teeth uniserial; vertebra 9+ 25— 34. ErrRopvts, 1052. aa. Pectoral fin of blind side wanting; eyes very close together; caudal fin subsessile; teeth small, uniserial; month moderate; lateral line of eyed side arched, that of right side nearly straight; dorsal fin beginning on snout, its anterior rays not exserted, its rays all simple and very numerous; gill rakers few and feeble; scales small; body thin, very elongate; vertebra (in WM. sessilicauda) 43; (deep- sea flounders). MONOLENE, 1053. 1013. ATHERESTHES, Jordan & Gilbert. Atheresthes, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 51 (stomias). Eyes and color on the right side. Body very long and slender, closely compressed, tapering into a long and slender caudal peduncle; head elongate, narrow; mouth extremely large, oblique; the long and narrow maxillary extending beyond the eye; each jaw with 2 irregular series of sharp, unequal, arrow-shaped teeth, some of them long and wide set, and others short and close set, sharp; the long teeth freely depressible. Gill rakers numerous, long, slender, and stiff, strongly dentate within. Scales rather large, thin and readily deciduous, slightly ciliated, those on the blind side similar, smooth; lateral line without arch. Fins low and fragile; dorsal commencing over the eye, its anterior rays low, the pos- terior rays somewhat forked; no anal spine; pectorals and ventrals small, both of the latter lateral; caudal lunate. The single species which con- stitutes this genus is one of the most remarkable of the flounders. Of all the group, it approaches in form and general characters most nearly to the Gadoid fishes, from ancestors of which we may presume the flounders to be descended, although Dr. Gill has suggested the possibility of their descent from Trachypteroid fishes. (@41)p, the beard or spike of an ear of corn; é04zc, to eat; from the arrow-shaped teeth. ) 2975. ATHERESTHES STOMIAS (Jordan & Gilbert). (THe ARROW-TOOTHED HALIBUT.) Head about 3? in length; depth 33; eye large, 43 in head. D. 103; A. 86; scales 135; vertebrie 12+ 37—49, Head long, the snout protruding, somewhat truncate at tip; mouth excessively large; the maxillary more than } length of head, and reaching behind eye; premaxillary in front above the level of the lower eye; teeth in upper jaw anteriorly in a single 2610 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. series, long, slender, and wide set, much smaller and closer set behind; on sides of jaw the teeth are very small and in 2 distinct series, the inner of which corresponds to the single series in front, the teeth thus gradually increasing in size forward; teeth in inner series of lower jaw very sharp and slender, longer than the upper teeth, wide set, alternating with shorter, depressed teeth; outside of these larger teeth is a series of fixed small teeth; all of the long teeth in both jaws depressible and conspicu- ously arrow-shaped toward their tips; inner series of small teeth in upper jaw also arrow-shaped, depressible; interorbital space scaly, ridged, not a third width of eye. Gill rakers long and strong, about 4-++ 13 in number, the longest more than + diameter of eye. Upper eye with its range entirely vertical. Scales extremely thin, irregular in size, not evenly imbricated ; lateral line very prominent. Dorsal fin beginning just behind the middle of the eye; caudal peduncle nearly as long as the pectoral fin, about } length of head. Plain olive brown, the margins of the scales darker; blind side dusted with black points. Length 2 feet. Bering Sea to San Francisco, common northward; not rare in deep water off San Francisco, and is brought in in considerable numbers from the sweep-nets (parran- zelle) used in Drakes Bay. At Unalaska it occurs commonly in shallow water. In the north the flesh is firmer and the coloration more pro- nounced. Dr. Gilbert dredged it in abundance on both sides of the peninsula of Alaska and in Bristol Bay, in 32 to 406 fathoms. Mr. Scofield found it abundant in Chignik Bay, and it was taken by us in 1897 at Unga and Karluk. (oérouzas, large mouthed.) Platysomatichthys stomias, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 51, 301, San Francisco. (Coll. Jordan & Gilbert.) Atheresthes stomias, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 57, 454; BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 242; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 66; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 820, 1883; BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 354; JORDAN, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 188, pl. 53,1884; JoRDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 236, pl. 1, 1889; GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 459. : 1014. REINHARDTIUS, Gill. Reinhardtius, GIL, Cat. Fishes East Coast N. A., 50, 1861 (hippoglossoides; no descrip- tion). Platysomatichthys, BLEEKER, Comptes Rendus, Ac. Sci. Amsterdam, XIII, 1862, 426 (pin- guis = hippoglossoides). Reinhardtius, Git, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 218 (hippoglossoides). Eyes and color on right side. Body more or less elongate, compressed ; head long and large; mouth large; maxillary reaching beyond eye; jaws with strong, unequal teeth, the upper with 2 series in front, these con- verging behind; lower jaw with a single series of strong, distant teeth; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Gill rakers few, short, stout, and rough. Fins rather low; caudal fin lunate. Lower pharyngeal teeth in 1 row. Seales small, cycloid; lateral line without anterior curve. One species known, an arctic fish, in some degree intermediate between the true halibut and Atheresthes. (Named for Prof. Johann Reinhardt, of the University of Copenhagen, an able investigator of the fishes of Greenland.) Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2611 2976. REINHARDTIUS HIPPOGLOSSOIDES (Walbaum). (GREENLAND HALIBUT.) Head 34 in length; depth nearly 3. D. 100; A. 75; scales 160; orbit 8 in head; snout about 34, more than twice as long as orbit; eyes even in front; interorbital space flat, scaly, wider than the orbit; lower. jaw prominent; length of maxillary 2}in head; teeth conical, pointed; upper jaw with 2 series, convergent posteriorly, those of the outer series gradu- ally smaller posteriorly; a pair of strong canine teeth anteriorly in the inner series, the other teeth of this series being very small; lower jaw with a series of strong, distant teeth. Gillrakers short, thick, and strongly dentate. Fins naked. Longest dorsal rays + length of head; no anal spine; dorsal and anal rays all simple, the dorsal beginning over posterior third of the eye. Scales very small, not ciliated. Yellowish brown. Reaching a very large size. Arctic parts of the Atlantic, south to Finland and the Grand Banks; not very common. (Hu.) (izroyvAw66os, halibut; £1005, resemblance. ) Pleuronectes cynoglossus, FABRICIUS, Fauna Greenlandica, 163, 1780, Greenland; not of LINN2US. Pleuronectes hippoglossoides, WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 115, 1792; based on FABRICIUS. Pleuronectes pinguis, FABRicius, Zoologiske Bidrag., 43, 1824, Greenland. Hiuppoglossus grenlandicus, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 404, 1862, Greenland. Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, GILL, Cat. Fishes East Coast N. A., 50, 1861; GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 218. Platysomatichthys hippoglossoides, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Essex Inst., 1, 7, 1879; CoLLErr, Norske Nord-Havs Exped., 142, 1880; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 819, 1883; GOODE, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 197, pl.56, 1884; JoRDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 237, pl. 1, 1889; and of late American writers generally. Hippoglossus pinguis, REINHARDT, Kgl. Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk., 116, 1838. Platysomatichthys pinguis, BLEEKER, 1. c., 426, 1862. 1015. HIPPOGLOSSUS, Cuvier. (HALIBUT.) Hippoglossus, CUVIER, Régne Animal, Ed. 1, 1, 221, 1817 (hippoglossus). Eyes and color on the right side. Form oblong, not strongly compressed. Mouth wide, oblique; teeth in the upper jaw in 2 series, those below in 1; anterior teeth in upper jaw, and lateral teeth in lower, strong; no teeth on vomer or palatines; lower pharyngeal teeth in 2 rows. Dorsal] fin begin- ning above the eye, its middle rays elevated, the posterior rays of dorsal and anal bifid; caudal fin lunate; ventral fins both lateral. Scales very small, cycloid; lateral line with a strong curve in front. Gill rakers few, short, compressed, wide set. Vertebre 16+34. Largest of the flounders. This genus contains but 1 species, the well-known halibut; abundant on both coasts of the North Atlantic and of the North Pacific. (Hippoglossus, the ancient name of the halibut, from izzos, horse; yA@G66a, tongue. ) 2977. HIPPOGLOSSUS HIPPOGLOSSUS (Linnzus). (HALIBUT.) Head 33; depth about 3. D. 105; A. 78; scales 150 or more. Body com- paratively elongate, not strongly compressed, deep mesially, thence rap- idly tapering each way; head broad; eyes large, separated by a very broad 2612 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. flattish area; lower eye slightly advanced; mouth large, the maxillary reaching middle of orbit. Nearly uniform dark brown; blind side white. One of our most important food-fishes, reaching a weight sometimes of 400 pounds. Found in all northern seas, southward in deep water to France, Sandy Hook, and occasionally to the Farallones off San Francisco; abun- dant throughout the North Atlantic as also the North Pacific and Bering Sea,in water of moderate depth; taken with hook and line on all cod banks. 2 Pleuronectes hippoglossus, LINNEUS, Systema Nature, Ed, x, 269, 1755, European Ocean. Hippoglossus vulgaris, FLEMING, British Animals, 197, 1828; GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 403, 1862; Day, Fishes Great Britain, u, 5, pl. 44; SToRER, Fish. Mass., 145, 1839; DE Kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, pl. 49, f. 157,294, 1842; STorER, Synopsis Fish. N. A., 475, 1847; LocktneGToN, Rep. Com. Fisheries California, 39, 1878-79; LOCKINGTON, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 71; BEAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat, Mus. 1879, 63; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 454; Goopk, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880,471; JORDAN & GIL- BERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 66; BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 242; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 819, 1883; BEAN, Cat. Col. Fish. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 20; DRESEL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 244; GoopeE, Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim., 189, pl. 54,1884; and of American writers generally. Hippoglossus maximus, GOTTSCHE, Archiv fur Naturgesch. 1835, 164, no locality. Hippoglossus gigas, SWAINSON, Nat. Hist. Class’n Anim., 11, 302, 1839, no locality. Hippoglossus ponticus, BONAPARTE, Catalogo Metodico, 47, 1846, Black Sea; after PALLAS. Hippoglossus americanus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 220. Hippoglossus hippoglossus, JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 133, 1885; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 237, pl. 3, 1889. 1016. LYOPSETTA, Jordan & Goss. Lyopsetta, JORDAN & Goss, in JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 135, 1885 (exilis). Teeth sharp, those of the lower jaw uniserial, the upper jaw biserial ; lateral line simple (without accessory dorsal branch) and without distinct anterior arch. Scales comparatively large, thin, ciliated, and deciduous; body dextral; anal spine usually strong; vertebre about 45; body slender, the flesh soft; dorsal fin beginning above eye. This genus contains but a single species, a small, soft-bodied flounder, of the waters of the North Pacific. In its technical characters Lyopsettais very close to Hippoglossoides, but the species has the soft flesh of Atheresthes. (AU, to loosen; yrra, flounder. ) 2978. LYOPSETTA EXILIS (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 4; depth 3}. D.78; A.62; V.6; scales 16-71-18. Body slender, compressed, the flesh soft; caudal peduncle slender; mouth not large, very oblique, the gape curved; lower jaw scarcely projecting, with a knob at symphysis; maxillary rather narrow, reaching middle of pupil, 22 in length of head; teeth small, slender, close set, nearly uniform; above in 2 series, below in 1. Eyes large, separated by a sharp, scaly ridge; lower eye advanced. Scales comparatively large, thin and decid- uous, ctenoid, but not so rough as in the other species, those on blind side similar, less rough. Lateral line prominent, rising anteriorly, with- out trace of arch. Fins low, fragile; anal preceded by a spine; caudal fin long, rather pointed; pectorals small, the right pectoral little more Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2613 than } length of head. Dorsal beginning immediately in front of pupil; anal higher than dorsal. Gill rakers short, slender, toothed, 9 below angle, the longest about 4 diameter of orbit. Pale olivaceous brown, with dark points, forming edgings on each scale; bronze spots some- times present; fins mostly dusky; dorsal and anal edged anteriorly with yellowish; ventrals largely yellow. Length 12 inches. North Pacific, in rather deep water; San Francisco to Puget Sound. This small flounder is brought in in large quantities by the sweep nets off San Francisco. It is of little value as a food-fish. (evilis, slender.) Hippoglossoides exilis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 154, off San Fran- cisco (Type, No. 27121. Coll. Jordan & Gilbert); JoRDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 454; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 67; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 827, 1883. Lyopsetta exilis, JORDAN & GOss, Review Flounders and Soles, 238, 1889. 1017. EOPSETTA, Jordan & Goss. Hopsetta, JORDAN & Goss, in JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 135, 1885 (jordani). Teeth sharp, those of the lower jaw uniserial, the upper biserial; scales small, ciliated, and adherent; lateral line without accessory dorsal branch and without distinct anterior arch; anal spine usually strong; body normally dextral, robust, the flesh firm; dorsal fin beginning above eye; vertebree about 43. This genus contains but a single species, a large flounder which is abundant on the coast of California. It is very close to the genus Hippoglossoides. (és, morning; w/rra, flounder.) 2979. EOPSETTA JORDANI (Lockington). (CALIFORNIA ‘' SOLE,’’) Head 34; depth 24. D. 94; A. 72; scales 96. Body broadly elliptical. Dorsal and ventral outline equally and regularly curved. Mouth oblique, the jaws about even, the symphyseal knob but little projecting; gape curved; maxillary broad, reaching to behind pupil, 2} in head; teeth in 2 series in the upper jaw, the inner series small and distant from the outer, which is considerably enlarged in front; lower jaw with a single series similar to the outer series in the upper jaw, but larger. Gill rakers rough- ish, strong, about 15 below angle, the longest about 4 as long as eye. Lower pharyngeals rather narrow, each with a single row of sharp teeth. Eyes large; interorbital space a narrow, blunt, scaly ridge. Dorsal begin- ning over anterior margin of pupil, the rays all simple; caudal fin with the middle rays slightly produced; anal preceded by a spine; pectoral 4 length of head. Scales of colored side small, firm, strongly ciliated, nearly uniform over head and .body; lower jaw and snout scaleless; scales on blind side smooth. Olive brown, nearly uniform; membrane of dorsal and anal fins clouded with darker. Length 20 inches. Pacific Coast of the United States from Puget Sound to Point Concepcion. One of the commonest flatfishes of the California coast, being found in abundance in shallow water from Monterey northward. It is a good food-fish, and large numbers are dried each year by the Chinese. (Named for David Starr Jordan.) 2614 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, Hippoglossoides jordani, LOCKINGTON, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 73, San Francisco (Coll. W. N. Lockington); LockinGTon, Rep. Com. Fisheries California 1878-79, 40; Lock- INGTON, Scientific Press Supplement, April, 1879, 120; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 454; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881,67; JORDAN & GIL- BERT, Synopsis, 826, 1883; JORDAN, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 187, 1884. Eopsettajordani, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 239, 1889. 1018. HIPPOGLOSSOIDES, Gottsche. Hippoglossoides, GOTTSCHE, Archiv fur Naturgesch. 1835, 164 (‘‘ limanda”’ = platessoides). Citharus, REINHARDT, Kong. Dansk. Vid. Selsk, 1838, 116 (platessoides); not Citharus BLEEKER, 1862. Drepanopsetta, GILL, Cat. Fish. Kast Coast N. A., 50, 1861 (platessoides). Pomatopsetta, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1864, 217 (‘‘ dentata”’ —platessoides). Eyes and color on the right side (except sometimes in H. elassodon). Body oblong, moderately compressed; mouth rather large, with 1 row of sharp teeth on each jaw; no teeth on vomer or palatines; gill rakers rather long and slender; scales ctenoid; lateral line nearly straight, simple; dorsal fin low in front, beginning over or before the eye; ventrals both lateral; caudal double truncate, produced behind. This genus, as here restricted, contains 3 closely related species, 2 of the North Pacific, 1 of the North Atlantic. All are essentially arctic species, inhabiting shal- low waters in the regions where they are most abundant. (iz70yAw66os, Hippoglossus; 2760s, resemblance. ) a. Dorsal rays about 88; anal about 70; gillrakers x+ 10; interorbital space with an obtuse, prominent, rather broad ridge. PLATESSOIDES, 2980. aa. Dorsal rays about 82; anal about 61; gill rakers +12 to 14; interorbital space with a narrow, nearly naked ridge. ELASSODON, 2981. aaa. Dorsal rays 72 to 76; anal 56to 60; gill rakers x + 12; interorbital space moderate, with 2 rows of scales. b. Depth 2} inlength; D. 76; A.60; pectoral 4 length of head. ROBUSTUS, 2982. bb. Depth 22 in length; D.72; A.56; pectoral 3 in length of head. HAMILTONI, 2983. 2980. HIPPOGLOSSOIDES PLATESSOIDES (Fabricius). (SAND-DAB.) Head 3}; depth 24. D.88 (80 to 93); A. 70 (64 to 75); scales 90 (pores), Body ovate; mouth moderate, oblique; maxillary narrow, reaching to be- low pupil, 23 in length of head; teeth rather small, conical, larger anteri- orly, in 1 row in each jaw, those in the lower largest. Eyes rather large, the upper longer than snout, 44 in head; lower jaw included, but with a projecting knob at the chin; snout thick, scaly; interorbital space nar- row, with a raised obtuse ridge entirely covered with rough scales in about 6 series; mandible with a series of scales; gill rakers ratber short and robust, not toothed, about 10 below angle, the longest less than }4 length of eye; fins with small, rough scales; a strong preanal spine; pec- toral not quite 4 length of head. Reddish brown, nearly plain. The identity of the American and European representatives of this species (platessoides ‘and limandoides) is now conceded by all writers. A little difference is recognizable between arctic and subarctic examples, the Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2615 former having a somewhat greater number of fin rays. Thus Greenland specimens, according to Collett, have D.&88, A.69; specimens from Fin- mark have D. 92, A. 72°; these representing the var. platessoides. Specimens from England (var. limandoides) have D. 80, A. 66, while those from inter- mediate localities present in general fin formule likewise intermediate, showing that no sharp divisionis possible. This is a rather common food- fish of the deep waters northward, on both sides of the oeean. North Atlantic, south to Cape Cod, and the coasts of England and Scandinavia. (Eu.) (platessa, the plaice; «70s, resemblance.) Pleuronectes linguatula, MULLER, Zool. Dan. Prodromus, 45,1776; not of LINNZUS. Pleuronectes platessoides, FABRICIUS, Fauna Greenlandica, 164/1780, Greenland. Pleuronectes limandoides, BLOCH, Ausl, Fische, 111, 24 tab. 186, 1787, Europe, and of various copyists. Pleuronectes limandanus, PARNELL, Edinburgh New Phil. Journ. 1835, 210. Citharus platessoides, REINHARDT, Kong]. Dansk. Vid. Selsk., 116, 1838. Drepanopsetta platessoides, GILL, Cat. Fish. East Coast N. A., 50,1861. Hippoglossoides platessoides, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 217; CoLLertT, Norske Nord-Havs. Exped., 144, 1880; GoopE, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1880, 471; JORDAN & GIL- BERT, Synopsis, 826, 1883; STEARNS, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 125; GoopE, Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim., 197, pl. 55,1884; JoRDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 240, pl. 4, 1889; GOODE & BEAN, Ocean Ichthyology, 438, 1896, and of recent American writers generally. Hippoglossoides limandoides, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 405, 1862; DAy, Fishes Great Britain and Treland, 0, 9, pl. 45, 1884. Hippoglossoides imanda, GOTTSCHE, Archiv fur Naturgesch. 1835, 168; not Pl. limanda, LINNZEUS. Platessa dentata, STORER, Rept. Fish. Mass., 143, 1839; De Kay, N, Y. Fauna: Fishes, 298, 1842; STORER, Synopsis, 476, 1846. FHippoglossoides dentatus, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 406, 1862; GUNTHER, Challenger Report, xxu, Fishes, 3, 1887. Pomatopsetta dentata, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 217. 2981, HIPPOGLOSSOIDES ELASSODON, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 314; depth 2}; eye 4 in head. D.77 to 87; A. 59 to 67; V.6; scales 45-100-40. Body oblong-elliptical; caudal peduncle about as long as deep; upper profile of head continuous with the outline of back; depres- sion over eye slight; mouth rather large, the gape curved, considerably wider on the blind side; lower jaw projecting, with a symphyseal knob; maxillary narrow, reaching beyond middle of pupil, 24 in head; teeth small, close set, nearly uniform, in a single row. Gill rakers slender, smooth, 14 to 16 below arch, the longest nearly } diameter of orbit. Eyes large, separated by a narrow, knife-like ridge, which is naked, or with a single series of scales. Scales small, firm, rough, those on tail roughest, those on blind side similar, mostly smooth anteriorly. Lateral line ris- ing anteriorly, but without arch; dorsal beginning immediately in front of pupil; anal preceded by aspine; caudal long; pectoral of eyed side 3 length of head; ventral reaching past front of anal; pectoral and ven- tral of eyed side with prickle-like scales. Brownish, nearly uniform, sometimes spotted with darker; fins grayish, irregularly blotched with dusky. Body sometimes sinistral. Length 18 inches. Bering Sea south to Cape Fattery; a rather abundant shore fish in Puget Sound, and it 2616 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, seems to be still more common northward, being, in Alaska, a food-fish of some importance. Abundant north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay. Our specimens from Kamchatka agree in all respects; D, 77 to 84; A. 60 or 61. Pectoral not quite 4 head. Interorbital ridge sharp, with 1 series of scales; gill rakers x4+14. (éAa660w, to diminish; 06 ovs, tooth. ) Hippoglossoides classodon, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 278, Seattle; Tacoma (Type, No. 27263. Coll. D. S. Jordan); JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 454; BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 242; JorRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 826, 1883; BEAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1883, 20; JORDAN, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 188. pl. 52, 1884; Jornpan & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 241, pl. 5, 1889; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Rept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898. y 2982. HIPPOGLOSSOIDES ROBUSTUS, Gill & Townsend. Head 32; depth 24; eye 5% in head. D. 76; A. 60; scales 95 (pores). Interorbital space a broad, somewhat elevated ridge with 2 rows of scales. Body rather high, its greatest height nearly equaling 4 the length from snout to base of caudal; profile decurved above the eye; body thick; scales on head separate and rarely touch each other. Gill rakers long, x+11. Maxillary 24 in head, directed upward anteriorly; teeth of the single row mostly separated from each other by intervals equal to width of teeth, curved inward, and uniform on the sides; toward front 4 or 5 enlarged, preceded by 2 smaller, leaving the middle toothless; in the lower jaw of nearly uniform size and inclining backward. Pectoral 4 head; ventrals reaching first or second anal ray. Scales on body ciliated or weakly ctenoid, those on cheek smoother; no ctenoid scales on blind side. Caudal shorter than in H. hamiltoni, 12 in head. No exserted nasal tubes. Color plain brown. Bering Sea. Only the type known, 12} inches long, from which we have taken the above description. (robustus, robust. ) Hippoglossoides robustus, GILL & TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI; 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 234, Bering Sea, Lat. 56° 14’ N., Long. 164° 08’ W., Albatross Station 3541, in 49 fathoms. (Type, No. 48766, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) 2983. HIPPOGLOSSOIDES HAMILTON], Jordan & Gilbert, new species. Head 3} in length; depth 2?; longest diameter of upper eye 33 in head; snout (measured from upper eye) 5 in head; maxillary of colored side 24, of blind side 24, in head; depth of caudal peduncle equaling its length, 3iin head. D.72; A.56; P.11; pores in lateral line 91. Upper profile of head continuing the dorsal curve without interruption, there being aslight depression above the eye and an increased convexity on the snout; man- dible very heavy, projecting anteriorly, so that its symphyseal profile com- pletes the curve of the snout; a very short prominence at symphysis directed vertically downward; gape strongly curved and the mouth nar- rowed anteriorly, so that the maxillary and premaxillary are almost wholly concealed along the middle of their length by the overarching pre- frontal; teeth acute, in a single series in each jaw, all except the anterior teeth in each jaw short; at the symphysis of lower jaw the teeth are Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2017 longer and directed inward, while in the anterior end of each premaxil- lary the teeth are still more enlarged, and the series on each side describes a strong curve with its convex side toward the median line; maxillary reaching vertical from slightly behind middle of lower eye; nostril tubes conspicuous, the anterior in closest proximity to the upper lip, which it en- tirely overhangs; posterior nostril tube wider and slightly shorter; eyes of nearly equal size, and opposite, separated by a wider ridge than in H. elassodon, the ridge bearing in its narrowest portion 2 well-defined rows of strongly spinous scales; a conspicuous series of pores joining lateral line with upper margin of upper eye, and another encircling the lower eye below and behind; a third series along mandible and preopercle; 1 large pore above posterior nostril; gill rakers slender, unarmed, 2 above the angle, 11 or 12 below it, the longest 2? in eye; dorsal fin beginning above front of pupil, the longest ray 23 in head; anal preceded by astrong spine, its height equaling that of dorsal; pectoral very long and slender, 3 length of head, that of blind side shorter, } length of head; ventrals reaching to base of fourth or fifth anal ray; caudal long, evenly rounded behind, the middle rays not longer than those adjacent, their length equaling dis- tance from tip of snout to preopercular margin; scales on colored side strongly ctenoid except in a strip along middle of sides anteriorly; else- where each scale provided with 2 to 4 long spines; on blind side they are smooth except on nape and candal peduncle; cheeks, opercles, and inter- orbital space covered with larger, rougher scales than those on sides; man- dible and snout naked; a single series surrounding each eye anteriorly, and 1 on maxillary or colored side; blind side of head with maxillary naked; cheeks covered with minute smooth thin scales, the opercles with a few scattered spinous scales, the preopercle naked. Color nearly uniform brownish, without distinctive markings on body or fins. One specimen, 17 em. long, from Albatross Station 3641, off Dalnoi Point, Kamchatka; depth 16 fathoms. Allied to Hippoglossoides elassodon, from which it dif- fers in the fewer fin rays and scales, the wider interorbital space, the longer caudal and pectoral fins and the much smaller symphyseal knob. The nasal tubes are larger, the scales rougher, and the anterior part of lateral line more arched. Its relations with H. robustus are much nearer but the species are apparently distinct. (Named for Gerald Edwin H. Barrett-Hamilton, of Dublin, member of the British Commission of Fur Seal Investigation, 1896 and 1897, who made valuable collections of Kam- chatkan fishes. ) Hippoglossoides hamiltoni, JORDAN & GILBERY, Rept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898, Dalnoi Point, Kamchatka. (Coll. Albatross.) 1o1g. PSETTICHTHYS, Girard. Psettichthys, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 140 (melanostictus). Body dextral; teeth uniserial, sharp, unequal, some of them canine- like; mouth moderate, the lower pharyngeal teeth sharp, uniserial; scales small, ctenoid, ciliated, and firm; lateral line with an accessory dorsal branch and without distinct anterior arch; anal spine strong; dorsal fin 3030 87 2618 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. beginning before the eye; vertebr about 40; flesh firm. This genus con- tains but 1 species, found on the coast of California. It is nearly related to Hippoglossoides, but possesses the peculiar accessory dorsal branch to the lateral line, characteristic of so many of the Pacific coast flounders. (wHrra, the turbot; 7x4vs, fish.) 2984. PSETTICHTHYS MELANOSTICTUS, Girard. Head 4; depth 24. D.85; A.60; scales 112. Body not very deep, ellip- tical; mouth rather small, the maxillary extending to below pupil, 22 in head; teeth large, in a single series in each jaw, those in lower jaw largest; a few large canines in front of each jaw. Eyes very small, separated by a broad, flat, sealy space, without ridge; lower eye slightly in advance of upper; gill rakers rather stout, weak, hooked at tip, 14 below the angle; scales very small, ctenoid on colored side; lateral line nearly straight, with a long accessory dorsal branch; dorsal commencing in adyance of upper eye, the anterior rays elevated, slender and exserted, the longest about } length of head; first ray of dorsal nearly free from its membrane; pec- toral fin short, 2} in head; anal fin preceded by a spine; caudal large, strongly convex; lower pharyngeals very narrow, each with 1 row of sharp, recurved teeth. Grayish brown, finely speckled with darker on body and fins. Pacific coast of North America, from Sitka south to Mon- terey. This is one of the commoner flounders of the Pacific coast, being everywhere known by the name of ‘‘Sole.” It lives near the shore, and reaches a length of about 20 inches. In color this species is quite unlike the species of Hippoglossoides, but in most other respects the two groups are closely allied. (éAas, black; 6r1xT0s, spotted.) Psettichthys melanostictus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 140, San Francisco; As- toria, Oregon; GIRARD, U.S. Pac. R. R. Surv., x, Fishes, 154, 1858; GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 420, 1862; LockineTon, Rep. Com. Fisheries Cal. 1878-79, 40; LockineTon, Proce. J.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 76; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 453; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 67; JorDAN, Nat. Hist. Acquatic Animals, 186, pl. 51,1884; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 241, pl. 6, 1889. Hippoglossoides melanostictus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 828, 1883. 1020. VERASPER, Jordan & Gilbert, new genus. Verasper, JORDAN & GILBERT, Report Fur Seal Invest., 1898 MS. (moseri). This genus is allied to Xystreurys and Hippoglossina, having few short gill rakers like the former and strongly ctenoid scales like the latter. It differs strongly from all its congeners in having the premaxillary teeth in 2 series, teeth uniformly small, without canines. Body dextral; dorsal inserted above the front of pupil; lateral line strongly arched above the root of the pectoral, without recurrent dorsal branch; scales firm, extremely spinous; gill rakers short, thick, and triangular, few in number; none of the fin rays notably produced or exserted. Japan and Kuril Islands; 2 species known, the following and VI. variegatus (Schle- gel), a common food fish of Japan, the 2 very closely related. (verus, true; asper, rough, the word being suggested by Veratrum.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2619 2985. VERASPER MOSERI, Jordan & Gilbert, new species. Head 34 in length to base of caudal; depth 2. D. 82; A. 58; pectoral 12; pores in lateral line 84. Depth of caudal peduncle 4 in greatest depth of body; length of caudal peduncle, measured axially, 13 in its depth. Head much depressed, with rather wide, flat interorbital space, resembling in appearance Psettichthys melanostictus, its thickness at inter- orbital space equaling distance between pupils of upper and lower eyes. Mouth small, very oblique, the gape strongly arched, the broad maxillary reaching a vertical behind middle of pupil, 24 in head; mandible narrow- ing toward tip, with very rudimentary symphyseal knob. ‘Teeth in upper jaw in 2 distinct series throughout, those of the outer series increasing slightly in size toward front of jaw, but none of them canine-like; man- dibular teeth in 1 row, except at symphysis, where a few teeth form a short outer series. Nasal openings of eyed side approximated in front of mid- dle of interorbital space, the anterior with a short tube, the posterior with araised rim. Eyes small, their anterior margins opposite, the diameter of lower eye equaling distance from tip of snout to posterior nostral, 64 in head. Interorbital space rather broad and flat, not ridge-like, its total width equaling 4 diameter of orbit. Gill rakers short, broad, triangular, minutely toothed on inner margin, } diameter of eye; 7 present on hori- zoutal limb of outer arch. Lateral line with a short high anterior arch, the cord of which is } the straight portion; height of arch 4 its length; behind the arch lateral line descending in a gentle curve to middle of sides, the scales very rough, each possessing several long, sharp spines diverging from median portion of posterior margin; anterior and poste- rior portions of dorsal and anal fins naked, the rays of the middle portion each with a series of strongly ctenoid scales; caudal densely scaled to tip; pectorals and ventrals naked; head covered with strongly spinous scales, excepting snout, maxillary, and mandible; on blind side of head the snout, jaws, preopercle, subopercle, lower half of opercle, and all but a central strip on interopercle, scaleless; on blind side the scales are rough on head, ventral area, and along bases of ventral fins, largely smooth elsewhere. Dorsal beginning above front of pupil, the rays increasing in length to the forty-fifth, which is 27 in head; longest anal ray (the seven- teenth) 2} in head. Caudal broadly rounded, 13 in head; pectoral short and broad, 22 in head; ventrals of nearly equal length, reaching origin of anal, 34 in head; no anal spine. Color in spirits, centers of the scales light gray, the margins dark brown; fins light or dusky, the vertical fins with conspicuous black bars, parallel with the rays, these most evident on under side where the pigment seems principally to occur, and are seen through the fin more faintly on the colored side; lining of cheeks and gill cover of colored side dusky; peritoneum gray. Kuril Islands; 1 male 28 cm. long, from Shana Bay, Iturup Island; also taken at Hakodate. (Named for Jefferson Franklin Moser, U. 8. N., Lieutenant-Commander, in charge of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, and a member of the United States Fur Seal Commission for 1896.) Verasper moseri, JORDAN & GILBERT, Rept. Fur Seal Invest., 1898 MS., Shana Bay, Iturup Island, Kuril Group. (Type No, 48797. Coll. Albatross, Capt. J. F. Moser.) 2620 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 1021. HIPPOGLOSSINA, Steindachner. Hippoglossina, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitrage, v, 13, 1876 (macropa). Teeth rather small, uniserial, no canines; lateral line with a strong arch in front, and with no accessory dorsal branch; anal spine obsolete; body indifferently dextral or sinistral (in some species at least). Scales ctenoid; dorsal fin beginning above pupil; gill rakers rather long and slender. This genus is intermediate between Hippoglossoides and Paralichthys, agreeing with the former in the insertion of the dorsal and in general appearance, and with the latter in the direction of the lateral line. Sey- eral species are now known. Some of them are dextral, and perhaps all of them are normally so, or perhaps, as in the case of Xystreurys liolepis, all are indifferently dextral or sinistral. (A diminutive of Hippoglossus, the halibut.) a. Mouth large, the maxillary extending to opposite posterior margin of eye, 2 in head; gillrakers numerous, 4 + 13; dorsal rays about 68; anal 53. STOMATA, 2986. aa. Mouth moderate, the maxillary extending to opposite middle of pupil, about 24 in head. b. Dorsal rays about 66; anal 52; depth of body 24 in length. MACROPS, 2987. bb. Dorsal rays about 62; anal 48; depth of body 23 in length; gill rakers 2 + 8 or 9. BOLLMANI, 2988. 2986. HIPPOGLOSSINA STOMATA, Eigenmann & Eigenmann. Head 22 to 3 in length; depth 2} to 2?. D.67 to 70; A.52 to 54; scales 80. Sinistral. Eye (not orbit) large, 5 in head; lower orbit slightly in advance of upper; interorbital a narrow ridge. Form, elongate elliptical, the profile depressed over the eye. Mouth large, maxillary extending to posterior margin of eye, as long as or longer than pectoral, 2 in head; lower jaw about 13 in head. Teeth small, uniserial; anterior nares of each side with long dermal flaps. Scales of left side all ctenoid, those of right side cycloid on anterior half or two-thirds of body; middle third of interorbital naked, anterior and posterior thirds scaled. Gill rakers 4 + 13 or 14. Dorsal beginning over middle of eye, anterior rays with but 1 or 2 scales, rest scaled to near tip, all but last 8 rays simple; anal similar to dorsal, with a strong procumbent spine; highest dorsal and anal rays about 34 in head; pectoral of colored side about 2 in head, that of blind side shorter; caudal double truncate, 5 to 54 in length. Brown, strongly tinged in life with robin’s-egg blue; numerous spots of light blue and light and dark brown; 5 pairs of large, dark-brown ocelli along dorsal and ventral parts of eyed side, the alternate ones longer and more con- spicuous; fins colored like body, profusely mottled with light and dark; sinistral pectoral barred; a dark-brown spot above and below on caudal peduncle just in front of candal, showing conspicuously on blind side. The eggs are probably pelagic; they are transparent, and measure 1.2 mm. in diameter; the single oil globule measures 0.16 mm. Coast of southern California; 2 specimens obtained in deep water off San Diego, November 7, 1889, both females, 1 with ripe eggs. (Eigenmann & Eigenmann.) (6rostatos, large mouthed.) Hyppoglossina stomata, EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1890, 22, San Diego. (Coll. C. H. Eigenmann.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2621 2987. HIPPOGLOSSINA MACROPS, Steindachner. Head 23; depth24. D.66; A.52; scales 75 to 80; upper orbit 3} in head. Body elliptical, deeper than in related species; mouth moderate, the max- illary reaching to middle of eye; teeth small, sharp, uniserial; lower eye slightly in front of upper; eyes separated by a naked narrow ridge; nos- . trils close together, the anterior ending in a tube; horizontal limb of pre- opercle somewhat concave, the vertical convex. Dorsal beginning over middle of eye; pectoral of left side $ head, much longer than maxillary, which is 23 in head; interorbital space a narrow ridge; scales of left side all strongly ctenoid, those on blind side ciliated only on posterior third of body; no anal spine. Color brownish, with obscure darker blotches. Body sinistral (in the only specimen known). (Steindachner.) Pacific coast of Mexico. One specimen from Mazatlan; not seenbyus. (saxpos, large; wy, eye.) Hippoglossina macrops, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., v, 13, pl. 3, 1876, Mazatlan ; JoRDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 242, 1889. 2988S. HIPPOGLOSSINA BOLLMANT, Gilbert. Head 3 (3? to 34) in length; depth 23 to 2? (84 to 34); snout 5 in head. D. 60 to 63; A. 47 to 49; scales along lateral line 70 to 75. Body regularly elongate, elliptical; dorsal and ventral outlines equally curved; orbital rim entering anterior profile, which is equally curved before and behind eyes; greatest depth of body above pectorals. Mouth rather large, the maxillary reaching about to middle of pupil, 24 to 2? in head. Teeth equally developed on both sides, small and equal, uniserial. Premaxillary spine prominent. Interorbital space a narrow, sharp, naked ridge; eyes large, the lower slightly in advance of upper, 5% to4 in head. Gill rakers moderately long and slender, the longest 3 in length of ventral of eyed side; 2-+8 or 9 developed, the last 2 much shorter. Scales small, firm, strongly ctenoid, those below pectoral much reduced, about 40 in a cross series; arch of lateral line strongly marked, 23 to 2! in straight part. Dorsal beginning above middle of pupil of upper eye, its anterior rays low, its longest rays 2¢ in head; a strong antrorse spine before anal; pectoral of eyed side 2 in head, that of blind side 24 to 23 in head; ventrals subequal, each 6-rayed, 4 in head, extending more than 4 their length beyond anus; each is lateral, but that of eyed side nearest ridge of abdo- men, and a little behind its fellow; last ray of left ventral joined to abdomen alongside of anal spine; caudal acute, its peduncle long. Color grayish brown, a row of 6 round, bluish spots, smaller than pupil, along base of dorsal, 4 similar spots along base of anal, and a few indistinct smaller ones on rest of body and head; body with 6 large black spots some- what smaller than eye, these regularly 4 below dorsal and 2 above anal, the first of dorsal above arch of lateral line, the second above anterior third of straight part, the third at base of last rays and almost forming a eross bar with the 1 at base of anal rays. Dorsal, anal, and caudal dusky, with small whitish spots; a pale spot at base of last 4 dorsal and anal rays; a small black spot at base of outer caudal rays on peduncle; pecto- rals and ventrals dusky, but not spotted; rightsideimmaculate. Length 2622 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 7 inches. Pacific coast of Colombia. Numerous specimens were dredged at Albatross Station 2805, at a depth of 514 fathoms. This species differs from Hippoglossina stomata in the gill rakers, which are shorter and fewer in number, and in the larger scales on sides. Scales in 16 rows between lateral line and back, instead of 21 or 22,as in H. stomata. Gill rakers somewhat shorter, 8 or 9 on anterior limb, 2 on upper limb. In H. macrops the gill rakers are slender, close set, 13 or 14 on anterior limb, 4 on vertical limb. In other respects of color, fin rays, and squamation agreeing per- fectly with H. stomata. (Named for Charles Harvey Bollman.) Tlippoglossina macrops, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 175; not of STEIN- DACHNER. Hippoglossina bollmani, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 122, Albatross Station 2805, southwest of Panama, in 514 fathoms. (Type, No. 41143.) 1022. LIOGLOSSINA, Gilbert. Tioglossina, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 122 (tetrophthalmus). This genus is allied to Hippoglossina, but its scales are all cycloid, the teeth are small, pointed, uniserial, and’ uniform, and the gill rakers short and thick. (Aez0s, smooth; zA@66a, tongue; for Hippoglossina.) 2989. LIOGLOSSINA TETROPHTHALMA, Gilbert. Head large, 34 in length in a specimen 1 footlong. D.76 to 83; A. 58 to 62; lateral line (pores) 97. Body of moderate height, the profile distinetly angulated above upper pupil, the snout projecting; length of caudal peduncle } its depth, its outlines diverging backward; depth of body 24 in length; snout projecting beyond profile, bluntly rounded, the lower jaw included. Mouth large, the maxillary reaching nearly to vertical from posterior border of lower eye, 2} in head; a blunt projecting process ante- riorly from head of maxillary. Teeth small, pointed, in a single close-set series in each jaw, none of them enlarged; vomer toothless; lower eye slightly in advance of upper; vertical from front of upper falling midway between front of orbit and front of pupil of lower eye; vertical diameter of upper orbit but little more than + its longitudinal diameter, which is contained 3} in head; interorbital space a blunt high ridge, entirely scale- less, its width % diameter of orbit. Anterior nostril of blind side with a very long flap, that of eyed side shorter; a well-marked cutaneous flap on lower eye above pupil. Gill rakers very large, broad, and strong, well toothed on inner edges, longest equaling diameter of pupil,-the number on outer gill arch 10 or 11. First dorsal ray over anterior margin of pupil of upper eye, the fin not high, its highest ray 3 in head; anal similar; caudal sharply double truncate, the median rays produced; ventrals rounded, equal, barely reaching front of anal; no spine before anal fin; pectorals moderate, with 9 or 10 developed rays, + length of head; ventral 6. Scales rather small, growing distinctly larger posteriorly, everywhere smooth; head scaled, except snout, interorbital area, mandible, and part of maxillary, the latter with a patch of scales on posterior end of its expanded portion; on blind side an area around nostrils, and the greater part of exposed portion of preorbital, sealeless; fin rays of vertical fins, Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2623 all with bands of fine scales, those on caudal especially broad; lateral line with a broad arch in front, the cord of which is 3? in straight por- tion. Color dusky brownish, with 2 conspicuous pairs of round black spots narrowly edged with gray, the anterior pair about 4} size of orbit, the posterior larger than pupil; the anterior pair under beginning of pos- terior third of dorsal, and about halfway between lateral line and dorsal and anal margins, respectively; the posterior pair nearer outline of body and about under the tenth before the last dorsalray; vertical fins obscurely blotched with darker; ventral of eyed side with conspicuous black blotch margined with white, occupying the distal portion of its inner 2 rays; pec- toral unmarked; membrane of gill cavity and peritoneum white. Two specimens, each about 12 inches long, from the’Gulf of California, taken in 29 and 76 fathoms, at Albatross Stations 3014 and 3016. (Gilbert.) (rerpa-, four; 0¢4aApos, eye, or eye-like spot.) Lioglossina tetrophthalmus, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 122, Gulf of California. (Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) 1023. XYSTREURYS, Jordan & Gilbert. Xystreurys, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 34 (liolepis). Body broad, covered with small smooth scales. Teeth rather small, uni- serial and bluntly conical, unequal; no canines; caudal fin subsessile, the caudal peduncle extremely short; skin of shoulder girdle with patches of cup-shaped scales; lateral line with a strong anterior arch, no accessory branch; vertebrie about 37; gillrakers short and thick. This genus is very close to Hippoglossina, differing chiefly in the subsessile caudal fin, the smooth scales, and the peculiar, short, thick gill rakers. The typical species, like some other Parific coast flounders, is almost indifferently dextral or sinistral. (EU6rpov, raker; evevs, wide, from the broad gill rakers. ) 2990. XYSTREURYS LIOLEPIS, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 34; depth 12. D. 80; A. 62; scales 123. Vertebrew 12-4 25 —37. Body elliptical ovate, broad and compressed, its curves regular; the pro- file continuous with curve of back; mouth small, very oblique, the lower jaw included; maxillary reaching about to pupil, 23 in head; eyes rather large, 44 in head, separated by a very narrow, blunt scaly ridge; teeth small, conical, blunt, in a single row; those in lower jaw subequal, close set; those in upper jaw more distant, decreasing in size backward; teeth peri ds 144 15° on inner margin, about 7 below angle, the longest scarcely + as long as the eye. Scales small, oblong, cycloid, the smaller accessory scales extremely numerous; lateral line without dorsal branch, with a broad curve above pectorals; branchial arches and skin of the shoulder girdle with small, cup-shaped, tubercular scales. Dorsal rather high, firm, low in front, beginning just in advance of middle of pupil, highest near the middle of the body; caudal peduncle very short and deep, its depth 4 times its length. Pectoral of eyed side falcate, usually much longer than head, Gill rakers 2-+-7, very short, broad, and strong, minutely serrate 2624 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. its length varying considerably. Caudal fin somewhat double truncate, with rounded angles, the middle rays being produced. Anterior nostril of blind side with a long flap. Color olive brown, mottled with darker, sometimes with very distinct round black blotches; vertical fins blotched with dark; pectoral of colored side with oblique bars. Length 15 inches. Southern California, rather common from Point Concepcion southward to San Diego. It is a very variable species, the coloration and the length of the pectoral fins having a wide range of variation. The body is indiffer- ently dextral or sinistral. (AeZos, smooth; Aezis, scale.) Xystreurys liolepis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 34, Santa Barbara; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 454; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 66; JoRDAN & Goss, Review of Flounders and Soles, 243, 1889. Paralichthys liolepis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 825, 1883. 1024. PARALICHTHYS, Girard. (BASTARD HALIBUTS.) Paralichthys, GIRARD, U.S. Pac. R. R. Surv., X, 146, 1858 (maculosus — californicus). Pseudorhombus, BLEEKER, Comptes Rendus, Acad. Sci. Amsterd., X11, 1862, 5, Notice sur quelques genres de la famille des Pleuronectidie (polyspilos). : Uropsetta, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 336 (californicus = maculosus). Chenopsetta, GILL, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1864, 218 (ocellaris = dentatus). Eyes and color normally on the left side. Body oblong; mouth large, oblique; each jaw with a single row of usually slender and sharp teeth, which are more. or less enlarged anteriorly; no teeth on vomer or pala- tines. Gill rakers slender. Seales small, weakly ctenoid or ciliated; lateral line simple, with a strong curve anteriorly. Dorsal fine beginning before the eye, its anterior rays not produced; both ventrals lateral; caudal fin double truncate, or double concave, its middle rays produced ; no anal spine. Species numerous, found in all warm seas. This genus, as now restricted, contains a considerable number of species, inhabiting both coasts of America and the eastern and southern coasts of Asia. As indicated by the reduced number of vertebre, the species range further southward than do those of the type of Hippoglossoides. (mapaAAndos, parallel; zy9vs, fish.) a, Gill rakers in large number, about 9 + 20. b. Gill rakers as long as eye and very slender. D.72; A.55; depth 22 in length. CALIFORNICUS, 2991. bb. Gill rakers shorter, about 3 length of eye. D.80; A.61; depth 2} in length. ZESTUARIUS, 2992. aa. Gillrakers in moderate number (5-+- 11 to 6 + 21), rather long and slender. c. Dorsal rays 70 to 75; anal rays 54 to 60. d. Head small, lateral line 41 in length; depth 2}; interorbital space rather broad and flatish, 3 diameter of eye; eyes small, 53 in head; gill rakers rather short, 44-15, the longest about 2 eye. BRASILIENSIS, 2993. dd. Head rather large, 34 in length; depth 2 to 24; eyes small. e. Gill rakers 5 to 6+ 15 to 18; eyes wide apart. ADSPERSUS, 2994. ee. Gillrakers 5+ 11; eyes close together. WOOLMANTI, 2995. ce. Dorsal rays 85 to 93; anal rays 67 to 73; gill rakers 5 4-15 or 16, long and slen- der, the longest 3 length of eye; body ovate, the depth about 2} in length; head about 39. DENTATUS, 2996. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2625 aaa. Gill rakers few, shortish, wide set, the number 2+8 to 3+ 10. J. Body ovate, more or less compressed and opaque; depth about 24 in length; no distinct, definitely placed ocelli; scales cycloid. g- Dorsal rays in large number (85 to 93, as in P. dentatus); anal rays 65 to 73; pores of the lateral line about 100; accessory scales few; gill rakers 2 + 10, lanceolate, dentate, wide set, and much shorter than the eye. LETHOSTIGMUS, 2997. gg. Dorsal rays in moderate number (70 to 80); anal rays 54 to 61. h. Seales very small, about 120 in lateral line; depth “of body about 4 length; head 32 in length; gill rakers roughly toothed, 3+ 9 in number. SQUAMILENTUS, 2998. hh. Seales moderate, 90 to 100 pores in the lateral line; interorbital width about equal to length of eye; dorsal rays 75 to 81; anal rays 59 to 61; gill rakers 2 0r3+/9or10. Coloration, grayish brown with numerous (more or less distinet) whitish blotches, which are rarely obsolete; vertebra 10 4+ 27—37. ALBIGUTTUS, 2999. ff. Body oblong, strongly compressed, semitranslucent; scales weakly ciliated; about 93 pores in lateral line.. Coloration, light grayish, thickly mottled with darker; 4 large horizontally oblong, black ocelli, each surrounded by pinkish area; 1 just behind middle of the body, below the dorsal, 1 opposite this, above anal, and 2 similar smaller spots below last rays of dorsal and above last of anal; vertebra 11+ 30—41. OBLONGUs, 3000. 2991. PARALICHTHYS CALIFORNICUS (Ayres). (BASTARD HALiIput; MONTEREY HALIBUT.) Head 3} to 44; depth 23. D.70; A. 55; scales 100. Vertebrw 10+ 25—835. Body rather long and thickish; caudal peduncle long; head small; eye small, little wider than the broad, flattish interorbital space; maxillary as long as pectoral, + length of head, reaching beyond eye; teeth slender, sharp, rather long, the canines moderate. Scales small, finely ciliate, each scale surrounded by narrow accessory scales; scales on blind side similar; fins with ctenoid scales. Dorsal low, beginning over front of upper eye just past pectoral, pointed, reaching curve of lateral line, 24 in head, that of blind side shorter and rounded behind; arch of lateral line 34 or 4 in straight part. Gill rakers very long and slender, numerous, as long as eye, about 9+ 20; lower pharyrngeals narow, with small slender teeth. Anal spine small, concealed. Grayish brown, uniform, or mottled with blackish and pale, the head sometimes sprinkled with black dots; young brownish, with bluish spots. Coast of California, Tomales Bay to Cerros Island. This large flounder is one of the common food-fishes of the Pacific coast, where it takes the place occupied on the Atlantic side by Par- alichthys dentatus. It reaches a length of 3 feet and a weight of 60 pounds. From its resembiance to the halibut, it usually goes by the name of bastard halibut. It is readily distinguished from the Atlantic members of the same genus by its fewer fin rays and by its more numerous gill rakers. As was first shown by Mr. Lockington, the small fish called Paralichthys maculosus, is simply the young of the larger fish, then called Uropsetta californica. Unlike other species of the genus, Paralichthys californicus is almost as frequently dextral as sinistral. (californicus, Californian. ) 2626 ~ Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. ° Pleuronectes maculosus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 155, young, San Diego. Paralichthys maculosus, GIRARD, U. S. Pac. R. R. Surv., X, Fishes, 147, 1858, not Rhombus maculogus, CUVIER, also a species of Paralichthys ; GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 431, 1862; GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 197; Lockineron, Rep. Com. Fisheries California 1878-79, 41; Lock1neTon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 79; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 454; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1881, 66; JORDAN, Nat. His. Aquat. Anim., 182, 1884. Hippoglossus californicus, AYRES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci. 1859, 29, and 1860, fig. 10, adult, San Francisco. Pseudorhombus californicus, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 426, 1862. Uropsetta californica, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 330; GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1864, 198. Paralichthys californicus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 821, 1883; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 245, 1889. 2992. PARALICHTHYS ESTUARIUS, Gilbert & Scofield. Head 33; depth 21; eye 54; interorbital space flat, 12 in head, + diam- eter of eye; maxillary 2 in head, equal to pectoral fin; gill rakers 9+ 20, the longest } length of eye. D.72 to 83; A.58 to 64. (In 7 specimens examined the rays are: Dorsal 72, 79, 81, 81, 82, 83, 83; anal 58, 60, 60, 62, 63, 63, 64.) Vertebrie 104 28; scales weakly ciliated, with small accessory scales, 105 in the lateral line; length of the arch contained 4 times in straight part of lateral line, 2 in head; height of arch 44in head. Four of the 7 specimens are sinistral. Color pale chocolate brown. Specimens small, 6 to 9 inches in length. Taken at Shoal Point, at mouth of the Colorado River, Mexico, by the United States Fish Commission steamer Albatross. ‘This species is distinguished from other members of the genus by its numerous fin rays and many gill rakers. It is nearest related to Paralichthys celifornicus. (astuarius, pertaining to the river mouth.) Paralichthys estuarius, GILBERT & SCOFIELD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1897, 499, pl. xxix, Gulf of California, at mouth of Colorado River, Sonora. (Type, No. 48128. Coll. C. H. Gilbert.) 2993. PARALICHTHYS BRASILIENSIS (Ranzani). Head 41; depth 2}. D. 70 to 75; A. 54 to 60; scales not very small, about 100 in course of lateral line; interorbital space rather broad and flattish, } diameter of eye; eyes small, 5} in head; gill rakers rather short, 4415, the longest about 2 eye; pectoral 14 in head; curve of lateral line high and short, 4 in straight part, its height 1} in its length; mouth moderate, the maxillary 2} in head; teeth rather few, the anterior canines large. Color dark brown, more or less mottled and spotted with paler. South America; said to range northward to Guatemala. Here described from numerous specimens from Rio Janeiro and from Maldonado, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. The locality “Guatemala” given by Giinther seems to be somewhat doubtful, and the species may not occur in West Indian waters at all. (brasiliensis, living in Brazil.) P Hippoglossus brasiliensis, RANZANI, Nov. Spee. Pisce., 10, tab. 3, 1840, Brazil. Platessa orbignyana, VALENCIENNES, D’Orbigny Voy. S. Amer. Mérid. Poiss., pt. 5, pl. 16, fig. 1, 1847. Rhombus aramaca, CASTELNAU, Anim. nouv. ou rares, Poiss., 78, pl. 40, fig. 3; not of CUVIER. Pseudorhombus vorax, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 429, 1862, South America. Pseudorhombus brasiliensis, GUNTHER, Fishes Centr. Amer., 473, 1869. Paralichthys brasiliensis, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 246, 1889. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2627 2994. PARALICHTHYS ADSPERSUS (Steindachner). Head 34; depth 2}. D.75; A. 58; scales 106; eye 6 in head; interor- bital 3} vertical diameter of eye; maxillary 2}; mandible 13; pectoral 2; caudal 13. Body moderately elongate and compressed; mouth large, the maxillary reaching a little past eye; teeth large, sharp, and slightly recurved, larger in front of jaws; snout very slightly produced; interor- bital moderately wide, its posterior half with scales; anterior nostril with a flap which reaches to middle of posterior nostril; gill rakers 3 to 6 + 15 to 17, hardly aslong as eye. Snout and mandible naked; end of maxillary and rest of head with scales; the rays of all the fins with small scales; the mem- brane naked; each scale on body with a row of accessory scales around its posterior edge; scales cycloid, the accessory scales giving the fish a rough feeling; curve of lateral line nearly 5 in the straight part, pectoral reaching slightly past curve of lateral line, its tip pointed; pectoral of blind side shorter, not reaching to end of curve, its tip blunt; origin of dorsal over anterior edge of upper eye, bending slightly toward the blind side; caudal double lunate. Color brownish gray, thickly mottled with many larger and smaller spots, points, and rings; side with 3 or 4 larger spots of irregular form and ocellated with paler. Specimens taken by Dr. Jordan at Mazatlan are described as follows: *‘Head 34; depth about 2 in length of body. D.73 (70 to 76); A.57 (53 to 60); P.12; V.6. Seales on lateral line about 106 + 8 with 55 dorsally and 36 ventrally. Flesh firm. Body oblong, moderately compressed; mouth large, oblique, the mandible very heavy, slightly projecting; 4 canine teeth on each side of lower jaw in adult specimens, 8 in young, the 2 anterior teeth long; anterior teeth of upper jaw strong, but smaller than those in the lower jaw; the lateral teeth very small and close set. Eye small, shorter than snout, about 7 (6 to 8) in length of head; interorbital area smooth, flattish, } width of eye. Scales cycloid, small anteriorly and larger posteriorly; lateral line strongly arched anteriorly, arch about 34 in straight part. Gill rakers of medium length, broad, retrorse-serrate on inner side, longest about } length of eye, from 4 -+ 13 to 5+ 14 in num- ber, counted in 8 specimens; pectoral fin about as long as mandible, slightly more than } length of head. Dorsal low, anterior origin opposite anterior margin of eye; caudal barely double concave; caudal peduncle very strong; anal spine obsolete; ventral fins small, inserted symmetric- ally; fins all scaly. Color: Large specimens are dark brown, with blotches on fins; small specimens are covered with pearly white and very dark brown blotches; the brown blotches almost circular, larger and with less definite outlines near the center of the body, very dark and distinct on caudal. Seven specimens were taken by the Hopkins Expedition in the estuary at Mazatlan, where they reach a length of 44 em. Several speci- mens were also taken at La Paz. These specimens seem to be identical with Paralichthys adspersus. The original types have on an average more gill rakers than we find in our Mazatlan specimens, but this character is subject to variation, and no other distinction appears. In one of Dr. Steindachner’s types from Callao (No. 11,417, Mus. Comp. Zool.) we find the gill rakers longer, 6-+17; depth 24 in length; D.67; A.51; scales 120; 2628 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. arch of lateral line barely twice as long as high, nearly 5 in straight part; maxillary 2: in head. Mr. Garman has kindly examined for us 6 other specimens, with the following results: “‘Paralichthys adspersus from Callao, has gill rakers— «<7 as long as eye; ‘«¢5- about 3 as Jong as the eye. «<7 nearly as long as the eye. «<¢-3 about } as long as the eye. «¢¢5- about ¢ as long as the eye. «¢¢_68- near 2 as long as eye.’” * We are now disposed to regard these Mazatlan specimens as identical with Paralichthys adspersus, the range of variation in the number of gill rakers in the latter probably including the former. Pacific coast of tropical America, from Gulf of California to the coast of Peru; everywhere abundant and very variable. (adspersus, covered with spots.) Pseudorhombus adspersus, STEINDACHNER, Ichthyol. Notizen, v, 9, pl. 2, 1867, Chinchas Islands, Paralichthys adspersus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 370; JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm. 1882, 108 and 111; JORDAN, Cat. Fish N. A., 133, 1885; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 246, 1889; JORDAN & WILLIAMS, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 503. 2995. PARALICHTHYS WOOLMANTI, Jordan & Williams. Head 33; depth about 2; gill rakers 5411. D.74; A.57; P.12; V.6; scales 100. Flesh firm; body oblong; mouth large, mandible heavy, not projecting; about 8 teeth on each side of lower jaw, the anterior ones long and slender; teeth in upper jaw smaller than those in lower jaw, the lateral teeth very small and close set. Eye small, 54 in length of head; interorbital area moderately prominent, narrow, about ? length of eye. Scales cycloid, small anteriorly and increasing in size posteriorly, covering head and fins: lateral line greatly arched anteriorly, arch about 3i times in length of straight portion. Gill rakers slender, the longest about d inlength of eye. Pectoral and ventral fins small; pectoral about 4 in length of head; origin of dorsal opposite anterior margin of eye; caudal ending in an obtuse angle, not double concave; caudal peduncle strong; anal spine obsolete. Body and fins blotched with deep brown and pearly white and specked with very dark brown, blotches more definite on me- dian fins and especially on caudal where there are 3 indefinite lines of blotches crossing the fin. Galapagos Islands. One specimen taken by the Albatross in 1890, which was at first identified as Paralichthys adspersus, from which species it differs but little except in the number of gill rakers. (Named for Mr. Albert Jefferson Woolman, of Duluth, Minnesota, in recog- nition of his work on the fishes of Mexico and Florida.) Paralichthys woolmani, JORDAN & WILLIAMS, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 457, Galapagos Islands. (Type, No. 47575. Coll. Albatross.) * Garman, in lit., May 3, 1895. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2629 = 2996. PARALICHTHYS DENTATUS (Linnzus). (SUMMER FLOUNDER.) Head 34 to 4; depth 25; eye 6 in head; maxillary 2; pectoral 2!; ven- tral 34; caudal peduncle 4; caudal 14. D.86t091; A.65 to 71; lateral line 108 (tubes). Curve of lateral line 33 to 4} in straight portion; body ovate; maxillary about 3 head, reaching past posterior margin of eye; mouth large, oblique, the gape curved; canines large, conical, wide set; gill rakers comparatively long and slender, longest } eye, 5+15 to6+18 in number; interorbital area a rather flattish ridge, in the adult about equal to vertical diameter of eye, narrower in the young, forming a bony ridge; scales cycloid, each with numerous small accessory scales; vertebrae 11-+ 58041. Color in life, light olive brown; adults with very numerous small white spots on body and vertical fins; sometimes a series of larger white spots along bases of dorsal and anal fins; about 14 ocellated dark spots on sides, these sometimes little conspicuous, but always present; a series of 4 or 5 along base of dorsal, and 3 or 4 along base of anal, those of the 2 series opposite, and forming pairs; 2 pairs of smaller less distinct spots midway between these basal series and lateral line anteriorly, with a small one on lateral line in the center between them; a large distinct spot on lateral line behind middle of straight portion; fins without the round dark blotches. Atlantic coast of United States, from Cape Cod to Florida; the common flounder of the coasts of the Northern States, its range apparently not extending much south of Charleston. Of the species found in that region it is the most important from a commercial point of view. It reachesalength of about 3 feet and a weight of about 15 pounds. It has been confounded by nearly all writers with the more southern species now called P. lethostigmus, from which it is best distinguished by its much greater number of gill rakers and by its mottled coloration. On account of this confusion it is impossible wholly to disentangle its syn- onymy from that of P. lethostigmus. So far as the proper nomenclature of the two is concerned, this confusion makes little difference. There is no doubt that this is the original Pleuronectes dentatus of Linnieus, as the original Linn:ean type is still preserved in London. This has heen ex- amined by Dr. Bean and its identity with the present species fully estab- lished. It seems also certain that this is the Platessa ocellaris of De Kay, who properly distinguishes his ocellaris from his oblonga, the latter being P. lethostigmus. A little doubt must be attached to the P. melanogaster of Mitchill, very scantily described from a doubled (black-bellied) exam- ple of this species or of P. lethostigmus. As the former species is much more common about New York than the latter it is probable that Mitchill’s fish belonged to it. We have also received a doubled example from New York corresponding exactly to Mitchill’s description. We may therefore regard the name melanogaster as a synonym of dentatus. The differences in the gill rakers of these species were first noticed by Jordan & Gilbert in 1883. These authors erroneously referred all these synonyms to the species with the few gill rakers and described the present one as new under the name Paralichthys ophryas. The discovery of the Linnean type of Pleuronectes dentatus has rendered a reconsideration of this matter 2630 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. necessary, and it is evident that to the ‘‘ P. ophryas” belong also the prior names dentatus, melanogaster, and ocellaris. (dentatus, toothed.) Pleuronectes dentatus, LINNXUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. xu, 1, 458, 1766, and of numerous copyists; MrrcuHiLL, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y. 1815, 390. Pleuronectes melanogaster, MITCHILL, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y. 1815, 390, New York; doubled example. Platessa ocellaris, DE Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fishes, 300, pl. 47, fig. 152, 1842, New York. Paralichthys ophryas, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 822, 1883, Charleston. Platessa dentata, SrORER, Rept. Fish. Mass., 143, 1839. Pseudorhombus dentatus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 123. Paralichthys dentatus, GOODE, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 178, 1884, detailed account; in- — cludes P. lethostigma; JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 134, 1885; JorpAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 246, 1889. Pseudorhombus ocellaris, GUNTHER, Cat., 1v, 430, 1862; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 370. Chenopsetta ocellaris, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat, Sei. Phila. 1864, 218. Paralichthys ocellaris, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 617. 2997. PARALICHTHYS LETHOSTIGMUS, Jordan & Gilbert. (SOUTHERN FLOUNDER.) Head 33; depth 24. D. 85 to 92; A. 65 to 73; pores about 100. Body ovate, more or less compressed and opaque; no distinct, definitely placed ocelli; scales cycloid. Mouth wide, oblique, the mandible very heavy and much projecting; 8 to 10 teeth on each side of the lower jaw, the 2 anterior teeth very long; anterior teeth of upper jaw strong, but smaller than those in the lower jaw; the lateral teeth very small and close set; eyes small, shorter than the snout, about 6 in head; interorbital space in adult broad, flattish, and sealy, as wide as length of eye. Accessory scales few; gill rakers 2+ 10, lanceolate, dentate, wide set, and much shorter than the eye; caudal peduncle rather long; length of arch of lateral line nearly 4 that of straight part. Color dusky olive, darker than in P. dentatus, and with very few darker mottlings or spots. This species is the common large flounder of the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States, ranging as far north as New York. It very closely resembles Paralichthys dentatus, with which it has been repeatedly con- founded. It is, however, sharply distinguished by the character of the gill cakers. It is also always darker in color, and almost uniform, while P. dentatus is usualiy profusely spotted. Its only tenable name is the recent one, Paralichthys lethostigmus. South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States, north to New York. (A797, forgetfulness; 6riyua, spot, from the absence of spots.) Platessa oblonga, Di Kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 299, pl. 48, fig. 156, 1842, New York, not Pleuronectes oblongus, MtvCcHILL; STORER, Syn. Fish. N. A., 477, 1846. Paralichthys lethostigma, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 237, Jacksonville, Florida; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 247, 1889. Pseudorhombus oblongus, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 426, 1862. Chenopsetta dentata, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 218. Pseudorhombus dentatus, GOODE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 110; GoopE & BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 123. Paralichthys dentatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 302; JORDAN & GIL- BERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 617; BEAN, Cat. Coll. Fish, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mas. 1883, 45; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 822, 1883. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2631 2998. PARALICHTHYS SQUAMILENTUS, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 32; depth 2. D.78; A.59; scales 123 (pores). Body deep, strongly compressed; caudal peduncle very short; profile angulated at front of upper eye. Head wide, the eyes large, wide apart. Mouth very large, oblique, the broad maxillary reaching well beyond pupil, its length more than }the head. Lower jaw projecting; mandible with asharp compressed knob atsymphysis; teeth few, unequal, in a single row, about in each jaw canine-like, the 2 in front of lower jaw longest; lateral teeth of upper jaw minute. Interorbital space a narrow scaleless bony ridge, slightly concave anteriorly, scarcely 4 diameter of pupil. Scales very small, smooth, adherent; curve of lateral line 44 in straight part; snout, jaws, and preopercle naked. Gill-rakers short, 3+-9 in number, triangular, roughly toothed, little higher than wide, the longest nearly 4 eye. Dor- sal beginning over front of eye, the anterior rays 44 in head; pectoral short, shorter than maxillary; anal spine weak; caudal double rounded. Brownish; body and fins spotted with darker; caudal mottled with white; peetorals banded, with dark spots. South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States. This species is very close to Paralichthys albiguttus, from which it differs chiefly in the small scales. It seems to be rather rare. Besides the original types from Pensacola, another referred to the same species is in the National Museum from Charleston. (squamilentus, scaly.) Paralichthys squamilentus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 303, Pensacola (Type, No. 30862); JorDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 823, 1883; Bean, Cat. Coll. Fish, U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 45; Jorpan & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 248, 1889. 2999. PARALICHTHYS ALBIGUTTUS, Jordan & Gilbert. (GULF FLOUNDER.) Head 3}; depth 24. D.72 to 80; A.59 to 61; scales 9 to 100 (pores) ; eye 6 or 7 in head; maxillary 12; pectoral 2}; ventral 3; caudal 14; curve of lateral line 3 in straight part. Body moderately elongate-elliptical ; mouth large, the maxillary reaching past eye; jaws subequal; teeth strong, slender, and curved, about 7 on side of lower jaw, 4 or 5 moderate canines in front of upper jaw, the lateral teeth being minute, close set; interorbital space % length of eye, the upper ridge rather prominent behind upper eye, scaled posteriorly; mandibles naked; a small patch of scales on maxillary; gill rakers broad and toothed behind, the longest 23 in eye, 3-+10 in number. Fins low; anterior rays of dorsal not elevated nor exserted, the longest rays behind the middle, 2% in head; pectoral not reaching to end of curve; caudal double lunate. Scales moderate, cycloid, covered with epidermis which bears small flaps about the borders of many of the scales. Dark olive, mottled with dusky, and marked by numerous more or less distinct pale spots, which are sometimes obsolete; three dark spots, bordered with white, sometimes present, particularly in the young, 1 on lateral line posteriorly and 1 above and below anterior end of straight part of lateralline. Vertebre 10+ 27—37. South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. This species is common on the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It has the few gill rakers of P. lethostigmus, the mottled colora- tion of P. dentatus, while from each it is distinguished by its smaller number 2632 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. of dorsal and anal rays. In the number of its vertebra it agrees with P. lethostigmus. It seems to reach a smaller size than either of these species. Here described from a specimen, 16 inches in length, collected at Cedar Key, Florida. (albus, white; gutta, spot.) Pseudorhombus dentatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1878, 370; not of LINNZUS. Paralichthys albigutta, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. §. Nat. Mus. 1882, 302, Pensacola (Type, No. 30818. Coll. Dr. Jordan); JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 823, 1883; JORDAN & Swatn, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1884, 233; Jorpan & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 248, 1889. 3000. PARALICHTHYS OBLONGUS (Mitchill). ; (FOUR-SPOTTED FLOUNDER.) Head 4; depth 24. D. 72; A. 60; scales 93. Body comparatively elon- gate, strongly compressed. Eyes large, nearly 4 in head, separated by a prominent, narrow, sharp ridge. Upper jaw with very numerous small, close-set teeth laterally, and 4 or 5 canines in front; the lateral teeth abruptly smaller than the anterior; each side of lower jaw with 7 to 10 teeth. Chin prominent. Maxillary narrow, reaching past middle of pupil, 24 in length of head. Gape curved; gill rakers short and toothed behind, 2+ 8. Scales weakly ctenoid or cycloid. Dorsal low, beginning over front of eye, some of the anterior rays exserted, but not elongate, the longest rays behind middle of fin, not quite $ head; caudal 1} in head; pec- toral 12; anal spine obsolete. Grayish, thickly mottled with darker and somewhat translucent; 4 large, horizontally oblong, black ocelli, each surrounded by a pinkish area, 1 just behind middle of the body below the dorsal, 1 opposite this above anal, 2 similar smaller spots below last rays of dorsal and above last of anal, Coasts of New England and New York. This species is rather common on the coast of Cape Cod and the neigh- boring islands, but it has been rarely noticed elsewhere. The limits of its range are not yet definitely known. It is a very strongly marked species. Its translucency of coloration indicates that it lives in deeper water than the other species of the genus. Here described from specimen from Woods Hole. : Another specimen in our collection from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, referred to this species, shows the following characters: Brownish, somewhat mottled, without traces of ocelli (possibly faded); fins similar. Body rather elongate, slenderer than in other species and more com- pressed; mouth rather large, oblique, the lower jaw not projecting, the maxillary 2} in head, reaching to opposite posterior border of pupil; about 12 teeth on each side of lower jaw, the anterior rather long, about equal to anterior teeth of upper jaw; lateral teeth of upper jaw becoming gradually smaller posteriorly, much larger, less numerous, and more widely set than in other species of this genus. Eyes large, longer than snout, 4 to 44 in head, separated by a narrow, elevated, bony ridge, narrower than pupil, anteriorly scaleless, and curved behind the upper eye posteriorly. Scales moderate, cycloid, rather thin; curve of lateral line 4} in straight part. Gill rakers 2 + 8 in number, rather long and slender, about 44 in maxillary. Dorsal beginning above middle of eye, its anterior rays not longer than Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2633 others, the middle rays a little longer than longest of anal, which are about 4 head; caudal as long as head; anal spine obsolete; ventrals small; pectoral 1? inhead. Head 4}; depth2?. D.77; A. 63; scales90. Length about 14 inches. (oblongus, oblong.) Pleuronectes oblongus, MiTcHILL, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soce., 1, 1815, 391, New York. Platessa quadrocellata, STORER, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 1847, 242; SrorER, Hist. Fish. Mass., 397, pl. 31, fig. 3, Provincetown. - Chenopsetta oblonga, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 218. Paralichthys oblongus, GOODE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 472; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 824, 1883; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 249, pl. 8, 1889; GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 436, 1896. 1025. RAMULARIA, Jordan & Evermann. Ramularia, JORDAN & EVERMANN, new genus (dendriticus). This genus is close to Ancylopsetta, differing mainly in the structure of the lateral line, the tubes of which are borne by series of smaller, con- cealed cycloid scales, the free edges of which are notched to the opening of the pore; these scales are concealed in the skin, and from the pores pro- ceed backward membranaceous tubes which ramify over the bases of con- tiguous scales. Dorsal scarcely elevated in front; left ventral much pro- duced. Body broad ovate, sinistral, with very rough scales. Gill rakers few, very broad. (ramulus, a branchlet, from the tubes of the lateral line. ) 3001. RAMULARIA DENDRITICA (Gilbert). Head 3% in length; depth 13. D. 84; A. 63; seales 100; 36 scales in a series upward and backward from lateralline. Body very broad, its depth 1% in length, the two outlines equally curved; profile not very strongly angulated in front of upper eye. Lowereye slightly in advance of upper; interorbital space a rather broad, convex, scaly ridge, about 4 upper eye, which is contained about 5 times in head and is equal to snout. A blunt spine on snout on head of maxillary. Nostril openings very broad, with- out tube, the anterior with a narrow flap. Mouth moderate, very oblique, the gape curved, the maxillary reaching slightly beyond vertical from middle of lower eye, 3in head. Teeth in a single, rather close-set series in each jaw, strong, conical, directed very obliquely inward, becoming gradually larger toward front of jaw, but not canine-like. Gill rakers very short, barely movable, as broad as long, strongly toothed, 6 on anterior limb. Dorsal beginning over middle of upper eye, the anterior rays partly free toward tips, but little, if any, elevated above those that follow, the first 23 in head; dorsal highest in its posterior third, the longest ray 2? in head; anal similar, the rays of posterior third of each fin slightly forked at tip; caudal peduncle deep and short, its depth about +} head, its length 4 its depth; caudal reunded, almost double truncate; ventrais with nar- row bases, the left one slightly in advance of the right; fin greatly pro- duced, reaching far beyond front of anal, a trifle shorter than head; left pectoral 12 in head. Scales very strongly ctenoid, the edge spinous, the entire exposed portion rough; width of anterior arch of lateral line 3} in straight portion; tubes of lateral line borne by a series of smaller con- 3030——88 2634 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. cealed cycloid scales, the free edges of which are notched to the opening of the pore; these scales entirely covered by the integument, and from the pores there proceed backward membranaceous tubes, ramifying over the bases of contiguous scales; this is true also of lateral line of blind side; eyed side entirely scaled except snout and mandible. Vertical fins coy- ered with thick skin, each ray accompanied by 1 or 2 series of ctenoid scales; left ventral also scaled. Color olive brown, with 3 large black ocellated spots larger than orbit, the posterior one on lateral line in front of caudal peduncle, the 2 anterior under middle of dorsal, halfway between lateral line and dorsal and anal outlines, respectively; each spot with a light center; distal portion of vertical fins more or less brown on right side. (Gilbert.) Gulf of California. A single specimen, 13 inches long, from Albatross Station 3022, in 11 fathoms. (dendriticus, like a tree, branched; dévdpor, tree.) Ancylopsetta dendritica, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 121, Gulf of California at Albatross Station 3022, in 11 fathoms. 1026. ANCYLOPSETTA, Gill. Ancylossetta, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 224 (quadrocellata). Body sinistral, broadly ovate, the depth more than } length; mouth moderate; teeth uniserial, unequal, some of the anterior enlarged; can- dal fin with a very short peduncle; scales very strongly ctenoid on both sides of the body; anterior rays of dorsal notably exserted, the rays of the anterior part of the fin elongate, thus forming a distinct lobe; gill mem- branes considerably united; gill rakers short and broad, with rough teeth; left ventral produced; vertebre about 35. This genus is very close to Paralichthys, differing in the subsessile caudal fin, the short gill rakers, the rough scales, and in the prolongation of the anterior rays of the dorsal fin. (ayxvdAos, hook; vrra, turbot.) 3002. ANCYLOPSETTA QUADROCELLATA, Gill. Head 32 to 34; depth 1%. D.70 to 76; A.57 to 59; pores in lateral line 83 to 90; vertical series of scales 70; fourth or fifth dorsal ray longest, nearly 3 length of head. Caudal 1} in head; ventral of colored side 1}. Body oval, compressed, very deep; an abrupt angle above eye; mouth very small, the maxillary reaching to below middle of orbit, 24 in length of head; teeth comparatively small, about 14 on each side of lower jaw; no strongly differentiated canines in either jaw. Eyes moderate, separated by a very narrow, sharp, scaly ridge; gill rakers very short, thick, few in number, 2+ 6 or 7, the longest less than } diameter of pupil; scales rather small, very strongly ctenoid, those on blind side also rough; curve of lateral line rather low; tubes of lateral line simple; dorsal beginning in front of pupil, its anterior rays long and filiform, much exserted; cau- dal short and rounded, 1? in head; ventral fin of colored side rather long, as long as pectoral, 4 length of head; anal spine wanting. Brownish olive, with 4 large, oblong, ocellated spots, the first above the arch of the lateral line; the 3 posterior forming an isosceles triangle, the hindmost Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2635 being on the lateral line; the ocellated spots are frequently furnished with a bright white center, and the sides and vertical fins have often a few scattered white spots; a small, indistinct, dark spot on middle of each eighth or tenth ray of dorsal and anal. Vertebrie 9-+26=35. South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States; not rare; a very handsome species. (quadrocellatus, having 4 ocelli.) Ancylopsetta quadrocellata, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 224; not Platessa quadrocel- lata, SVORER; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 250, 1889. Paralichthys ommatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 616, Charleston; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 824, 1883; JORDAN & SWAIN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884. 234; JORDAN & GOss, Review Flounders and Soles, 250, 1889. ~ Pseudorhombus quadrocellatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 370. 1027. NOTOSEMA, Goode & Bean. Notosema, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xX, No. 5, 192, 1883 (dilecta). Body sinistral, elliptical in form, the caudal fin pedunculate. Mouth moderate, beneath the central axisof the body. Eyes large, close together, the upper one nearly encroaching upon the profile, the lower slightly in advance of the upper. Teeth in a single series in the jaws, about equally developed on each side, largest in front, absent on vomer and palatines. Pectoral fins somewhat unequal, that upon the blind side } as large as the other; dorsal fin commencing slightly behind anterior margin of upper eye, the first 8 rays separated into a distinct subdivision of the fin, several of them being prolonged; caudal rounded, sinistral; ventral much elong- ated. Scales small, ctenoid on colored side of body; lateral line promi- nent, strongly arched, alike on both sides, the tubes simple. Gill rakers moderately numerous, rather stout, subtriangular, pectinate posteriorly. Pseudobranchi well developed. Vertebrie 35. This genus is scarcely dis- tinct from Ancylopsetta, the body more elongate, the dorsal and ventral rays more produced. (v@ros, back; oa, banner.) 3003. NOTOSEMA DILECTUM (Goode & Bean). Head 34; depth 2. D.68; V. 6. A. 54 to 56; scales 48 (pores) on straight part of lateral line; width of interorbital area almost imper- ceptible; mandible reaching to middle of pupil of lower eye, its length 2 in head;-upper jaw 2} times length of head. Origin of dorsal over an- terior margin of eye, second and third rays the longest, which are 2 in greatest depth of body; anal beginning close to vent, its posterior rays ‘longest; caudal pedunculate, double truncate; pectoral of eyed side sub- triangular, its length 5} in length of body; ventral of eyed side much produced, its length more than 3 times that of its mate. Color dark brown, speckled with darker, 3 large subcircular ocellated spots nearly as large as eye, with white center, dark iris, narrow, light margin, and a - brown encircling outline, these arranged in an isosceles triangle, the apex ‘on the lateral line, the others before it and distant from the lateral line a distance equal to their own diameter; blind side white; fins blotched with dark brown. (Goode & Bean.) Gulf Stream. Known from the original 2636 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, types obtained in the deep waters (75 fathoms) of the Gulf Stream, off the Carolina coast. (dilectus, delightful.) Notosema dilecta, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 193, 1883, Gulf Stream off the coast of South Carolina; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 437, 1896. Paralichthys stigmatias, GOODE, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 182, 1884; by inadvertance for dilectus. Ancylopsetta dilecta, JORDAN, Cat, Fish. N. A., 134, 1885; JORDAN & Goss, Review Floun- ders and Soles, 250, 1889. 1028. GASTROPSETTA, B. A. Bean. Gastropsetta, BARTON A. BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1894, 633 (frontalis). Body oblong-ovate, highly arched in front, covered with small, cycloid, embedded scales; lateral line arched in front, deflected downward on caudal peduncle. Teeth small, in a single series in each jaw. Dorsal fin beginning in advance of eye, its anterior rays produced, not connected by the irregular and broadly fringed membrane. Gill rakers very short, almost as broad as long, few in number. Ventral of eyed side produced, ending in along filamentous rayin the young. This genus is closely allied to Ancylopsetta, from which it differs in form of body, and especially in the entirely smooth scales, singularly branched and produced anterior dorsal rays, and very short and broad gillrakers. (ya6érnp, belly; yHrra, turbot or flounder. ) 3004. GASTROPSETTA FRONTALIS, B. A. Bean. Head 42; depth 24; middle candal rays 24; eye large, 3}in head. D.60; A. 48; V.6; P.1, 10. Mouth of moderate size, maxillary 24 in head, the jaws curved; interorbital ridge prominent, very narrow. Dorsal begin- ning in front of eye on snout, its anterior rays singularly branched, the third and fourth longest, almost equaling length of head; anal fin begin- ning at vent, which is situated on blind side, its anterior rays scarcely produced; ventral of colored side much produced ; middle caudal rays long. Color in spirits, light brown; 3 black spots on body, 2 along back, and 1 near anal base; fins with dusky blotches; several vertical stripes across eyes. A smaller specimen from Albatross Station 2317 has D. 62; A.52; V.6; P. 1,11. Gill rakers short, broad lamine, 2+7. Teeth weak, uni- serial. Anterior rays of dorsal greatly produced, the third 1} times as long as head. Ventral of eyed side very long, ending in a thread-like filament. Color asin the preceding. An example from Albatross Station 2373 near Apalachicola, is 224 mm. long; its depth 90mm. D.60; A. 49; P. 1,10; V.6; C. 15. Vent situated in a deep notch, which forms the front margin of abdomen, and not on side, as in other specimens. Color darker than that of the Key West examples, being dark reddish brown; body spotted and fins blotched as in the preceding. Two specimens obtained by the Albatross, January 15, 1885, at Station 2317, Lat. 24° 25/ 45’ N., Long. 81° 46’ 45’’ W., near Key West, Florida, in 45 fathoms of water, the type 8 inches long, the other one 6 inches. (B,. A. Bean.) (frontalis, pertaining to the forehead.) Gastropsetta frontalis, BARTON A. BEAN, Proc. U. 5S. Nat. Mus. 1894, 633, Key West. (Lype, No, 37668, U.S, Nat, Mus. Coll, Albatross.) Jordan and Evermann,.—Fishes of North America, 2637 1029. PLEURONICHTHYS, Girard. Pleuronichthys, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 139 (canosus). Heteroprosopon, BLEEKER, Comptes Rendus Acad. Amsterdam, XIII, 1862, 8 (cornutus). Parophrys, GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes, rv, 454, 1862; not of GIRARD. Eyes and color on the right side. Body deep; head short, with very short, blunt snout; mouth small, with several series of slender, acute teeth, which are most developed on the blind side, and are often, wanting in 1 or both jaws on the colored side; no teeth on vomer or palatines; lips thick, with several lengthwise folds within which is a series of short fringes. Lower pharyngeals narrow, each with a double row of very small teeth. Gill rakers wide set, very short and weak. Lateral line nearly straight, with a dorsal branch in our species. Scales small, cycloid, non- imbricate, embedded. Dorsal fin anteriorly twisted from the dorsal ridge toward the blind side; anal fin preceded by a spine; caudal fin convex behind. Intestinal canal elongate. Herbivorous species, feeding chiefly on alge. Pacific Ocean. This well-marked genus contains 3 American species, which are very closely related to each other. The Asiatic species, Platessa cornuta, Schlegel, of the coasts of China and Japan, is also a member of this group, having an accessory branch to the lateral line as in the American species. This species bears some resemblance to Pl. verti- calis. The species of Pleuronichthys spawn in the spring, and live in com- paratively deep water. (Aetpor, side; Zy9uvs, fish.) a. Dorsal fin beginning on the level of the lower lip, its first 9 rays on the blind side. DECURRENS, 3005. aa. Dorsal fin beginning on level of upper lip, its first 5 rays being on the blind side. b. Interorbital ridge posteriorly with a strong spine directed backward, some tubercles on interorbital ridge. VERTICALIS, 3006. bb. Interorbital ridge prominent, but without spines and conspicuous tubercles. CCENOSUS, 3007. 3006. PLEURONICHTHYS DECURRENS, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 34; depth 13. D. 72; A. 40; scales 80; eye 3 in head; maxillary 44; pectoral 13; highest dorsal rays 1}; anal rays 12; caudal 1. Body short and wide; mouth very small, the maxillary reaching nearly to pupil; teeth villiform, in moderate bands on blind side, a narrow band on eyed side of lower jaw; eyes very large, the upper edge of upper eye even with profile; snout extremely short; a blunt tubercle in front of upper eye, another at each end of the narrow interorbital ridge, the pos- terior largest, but usually not spine-like; 2 or 3 above the latter behind the upper eye: some prominences above the opercle; gill opening short, not extending above upper edge of pectoral. Dorsal beginning very low, on level of end of maxillary, its first 9 rays on the blind side; anal spine well developed, the origin of anal a little behind vertical from base of pectoral; pectoral of eyed side a little larger than its mate, both rounded behind; ventral of blind side shorter than that of eyed side, and placed slightly before it, caudal well rounded. Scales cycloid, embedded, a space between them anteriorly; lateral line without arch, slightly curved. Color brownish, usually much mottled with chocolate and grayish, often finely spotted with brownish on body and fins; all fins darker than body; 2638 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. dorsal, anal, caudal, and ventrals narrowly edged with white; pectoral uniformly blackish. Pacific coast of United States, south to Monterey. This species is rather scarce along the California coast, being taken chiefly in deep water. It reaches a larger size than either P. verticalis or P.canosus. Here described from a specimen from San Francisco market, 8 inches in length. (decurrens, running down.) Pleuronichthys coenosus, LOCKINGTON, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 97; not Plewronichthys coenosus, GIRARD. Pleuronichthys quadrituberculatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, 1880, 50, not of PALLAS; JORDAN, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 189, 1884. Pleuronichythys decurrens, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 453, San Fran- cisco; Monterey Bay (Coll. Jordan & Gilbert); JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 69; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 829, 1883; JORDAN & Goss, Review Floun- ders and Soles, 282, 1889. 3006. PLEURONICHTHYS VERTICALIS, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 4 in body; depth 2. D.65; A.45; scales about 80; vetebre 13 + 25—38. Form broad ovate, the outlines regular; head small, somewhat constricted behind the upper eye; eyes large, but smaller than in P. decurrens. Interorbital ridge narrow; a small tubercle or prominence in front of upper eye; a large one in front of upper edge of lower eye; another larger and sharper at interior edge of the interocular space ; another at the posterior edge of interocular spine ridge; this latter devel- oped into a long, sharp, triangular spine, which is nearly as long as the pupil, and is directed backward; a prominent tubercle at posterior lower angle of upper eye; upper edge of opercle somewhat uneven, but no other tubercles present. Mouth small, as in other species; the lips thick, with lengthwise plice. Teeth in a broad band_on the left (blind) side of each jaw; no teeth on the right side in either jaw. Gill rakers very small, weak, and flexible, about 10 in number. Scales essentially as in other species, small, cycloid, embedded, scarcely imbricated; lateral line nearly straight, with an accessory branch which extends to the mid- dle of the dorsal fin. Dorsal fin beginning on blind side at level of pre- maxillary, there being but about 4 of its rays on left side of median line; vertical fins less elevated than in other species, the longest rays of dorsal about 4 length of head; anal fin preceded by a spine; caudal peduncle short and deep; caudal fin elongate, rounded behind; pectorals short, nearly equal; ventrals moderate, reaching anal spine. Color dark olive brown, with round grayish spots, the body and fins mottled with black- ish. This species agrees in habits and general characters with Pleuro- nichthys decurrens. Coast of California, in rather deep water. The above description from the original type. (verticalis, pertaining to the vertex.) Pleuronichthys verticalis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 49, San Fran- cisco (Coll. Jordan & Gilbert); JorDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 169; JorDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 829, 1883; JorRDAN, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 189, 1884; JorDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 282, 1889. 3007. PLEURONICHTHYS CCENOSUS, Girard. Head 32; depth 2. D.68; A.49; scales 61; eye 3 in head; pectoral 1}; dorsal and anal rays 14; caudal a little longer than head. Body ovate; snout scarcely produced; mouth small, maxillary reaching past front of Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2639 lower eye; 3 or 4 rows of teeth on blind side of jaws, 1 on eyed side of lower; eyes very large; interorbital a high, narrow ridge, somewhat angulated behind, but with no conspicuous spine or tubercle; snout very short, about } eye; gill opening not extending above upper edge of pec- toral. Scales cycloid, embedded, some distance apart anteriorly, their edges not in contact; lateral line nearly straight, with a long dorsal branch which reaches past middle of body. Dorsal and anal high; origin of dorsal on blind side on a level with premaxillary, its first 5 rays on blind side; origin of anal under base of pectoral; pectoral of eyed side a little larger than its mate; caudal well rounded. Color dark brown, usu- ally mottled, the colors variable; our specimens from Puget Sound, very dark, the fins colored like body, with light and dark spots; a conspicuous black spot on lateral line on middle of sides. Pacific coast, from Sitka to San Diego. This species is comparatively common in rather deep water and about rocks, being most abundant about Puget Sound. Its apparent abundance as compared with the other species of the genus is doubtless due to its inhabiting shallower waters than they. It is quite variable in form. The above description from a specimen, 6 inches long, from Seattle. (canosus, muddy.) Pleuronichthys cenosus, GIRARD, Proc, Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 139, San Francisco; GirarD, U.S. Pac. R. R. Survy., X, Fishes, 151, 1858; LockineTon, Rep. Com. Fisheries California, 1878-79, 45; LOCKINGTON, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 97; JorDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880,50; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 453; Jok- DAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 68; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 830, 1883; JORDAN, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 189, 1884; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 282, 1889; JoRDAN, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 852. “Parophrys ceenosa, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 456, 1862. 1030. HYPSOPSETTA, Gill. (DIAMOND FLOUNDERS.) Hypsopsetta, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 195 (guttulatus). Eyes and color on the right side; body broad, ovate, rhomboid; mouth very small; teeth slender, equal, acute, in several series; lips thick, not plicate; lateral line nearly straight, with an accessory dorsal branch; scales small, smooth; dorsal fin beginning on the dorsal ridge, not turned to the blind side at its insertion; anal spine present; caudal fin convex; gill rakers little developed. This genus consists of a single species, abundant on the coast of California. It is very close to Pleuronichthys, from which it differs only in a few characters of comparatively minor importance. Its range is in shallower and warmer water than that of the species of Pleuronichthys, and, in accordance with this fact, its flesh is firmer and its number of vertebre fewer than in the latter genus. (Uw, deep; %7)rTa, flounder.) 3008. HYSOPSETTA GUTTULATA (Girard). (DIAMOND FLOUNDER.) Head 33; depth13. D.68; A.50; seales 95. Body very deep, somewhat angulated near middle of back and belly; eyes moderate, separated by a flattish, raised area; head without spines or tubercles; scales of opercular 2640 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. region little developed; those of blind side reduced; no teeth on right side of either jaw; accessory lateral line long, + length of body; anal spine small; pectorals about } length of head; ventrals rather short; caudal peduncle much deeper than long; caudal large, nearly as long as head. Brown, with numerous pale-bluish blotches in life, these disappear- ing in spirits; blind side white, with a strong tinge of yellow along profile of head; fins plain, sometimes with black specks. Coast of California and southward, Cape Mendocino to Magdalena Bay. This species is one of the most abundant in the shore waters of the California coast. It is a food- fish of fair quality. (guttulatus, with small spots.) Pleuronichthys guttulatus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1856, 137, Tomales Bay, Cali- fornia (Coll. E, Samuels); GrRARD, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 1857, pl. 25, figs. 1-4 ; GIRARD, U.S. Pac. R. R. Sury., X, Fishes, 152, 1858; LocKINGToN, Rep. Com. Fisheries California, 1878-79, 44; LocKINGTON, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 94. Parophrys ayresi, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 1862, 457, San Francisco. (Coll. Dr. W.O. Ayres.) Pleuronectes guttulatus, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 445, 1862. Hypsopsetta guttulata, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 195; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 453; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 68; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 830, 1883; JORDAN, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 185, 1884; JORDAN & Goss, Review of Flounders and Soles, 283, 1889. 1031. PAROPHRYS, Girard. Parophrys, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1854, 139 (vetulus). Body rather elongate, covered with small, cycloid scales; scales of the head roughish. Head rather pointed; mouth small, the teeth uniserial, all more or less blunt, compressed, incisor-like, close set, Lateral line with an accessory dorsal branch; upper eye on median line of top of head. A single species, on the Pacific coast of America. The narrow interorbital space and the vertical range of the upper eye give it a peculiar physiog- nomy, but in most regards it is not very different from some of the species of Pleuronectes. (wapd, near; odpuvs, eyebrow, from the narrow inter- bital.) 3009. PAROPHRYS VETULUS, Girard. Head 34; depth 24; eye4tinhead. D.74t0 86; A. 54 t0 68; scales 105 (tubes). Body elongate-elliptical ; snout very prominent, much protruding, forming an abrupt angle with the descending profile; depth of head opposite mid- dle of upper eye about equaling distance from middle of orbit to snout; eyes large, separated by a very narrow, high ridge, the upper with vertical range; mouth very small; maxillary not reaching pupil; teeth trenchant, small, and rather narrow, widened at tip, about 45 teeth on left side of lower jaw; few teeth on right side of lower jaw. Accessory lateral line long. Pectoral about } length of head; caudal truneate, 14 in head; fin rays entirely scaleless; scales on body all cycloid, those on cheeks often slightly ciliated. Uniform light olive brown; the young somewhat spotted with blackish. Pacific coast of North America, Sitka to Santa Barbara. This small flounder lives in waters of moderate depth. It is, next to Platichthys stellatus, probably the most abundant of the flounders of the California coast. (vetulus, an old man.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2641 Parophrys vetulus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 140, California; GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 455, 1862; LocKinG@ton, Rep. Com. Fish. Cal. 1878-79, 45; LOCKINGTON, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 100; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 453; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 68; JORDAN, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 185, 1884; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 284, 1889. Pleuronectes digrammus, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 445, 1862, Victoria. (Coll. Earl Russell.) Parophrys hubbardi, GiLu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 281, San Francisco. Pleuronectes vetulus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 831, 1883. 1032. INOPSETTA, Jordan & Goss. Tnopsetta, JORDAN & Goss, in JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 136, 1885 (ischyrus). This genus resembles Parophrys, differing chiefly in having the scales less imbricated, all strongly ctenoid, and having the eyes both lateral, the snout much less acute than in Parophrys. A single species, closely allied to Platichthys stellatus, but separated from it by the curious character common to many of our Pacific coast flounders, of having an accessory branch to the lateral line. (7s, strength; w/rra, flounder. ) 3010. INOPSETTA ISCHYRA (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 3}; depth 2. D. 70 to 76; A. 52 to 57; V. 6; scales 85. Body oblong, robust; caudal peduncle rather long; snout projecting, forming an angle with the profile; mouth oblique, the chin projecting; teeth ney rowly incisor-like, bluntish, in a single, rather close-set series; maxillary reaching past front of orbit, 5; in head; eyes large; interorbital space rather broad, scaly, continuous with a ridge above opercle; head mostly covered with scales like those of the body, but smaller and rougher; gill rakers feeble; lower pharyngeals each with 2 rows of coarse, blunt teeth; seales thick and firm, adherent, not ¢losely imbricated, those in front well apart; all the scales strongly ctenoid; blind side with similar scales, almost as strongly ctenoid; vertical fins mostly scaly; lateral line con- spicuous, its scales less rough than the others; a distinct short accessory lateral line on both sides, extending to about the tenth dorsal ray, less than } head; a series of pores around lower eye behind; dorsal beginning over pupil, its anterior rays low, its highest rays nearly 4 length of head; caudal large, double truncate; pectoral of right side about } head. Light olive-brown, vaguely clouded with light and dark; fins reddish brown; a few roundish dusky blotches on dorsal and anal; pectoral and caudal tipped with dusky; blind side white, immaculate, or with small, round rusty spots; left side of head sometimes rusty tinged. Puget Sound. This species is known only from 4 specimens taken by Dr. Jordan at Seattle in 1880. It is a large, rough flounder, with firm, white flesh. (<6xvpOs, robust. ) nar- Parophrys ischyrus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 276 and 453, Puget Sound (Coll. Dr. Jordan); JoRDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S, Nat. Mus, 1881, 67; JORDAN, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 185, 1884. Pleuronectes ischyrus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 832, 1883. Inopsetta ischyra, JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 136, 1885; Jorpan & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 284, 1889. 2642 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 1033. ISOPSETTA, Lockington. Tsopsetta, LOCKINGTON MS., in JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 832, 1883 (isolepis). Body much compressed, elliptical in form; mouth rather large; the teeth chiefly uniserial, all more or less blunt, separated, not incisor-like; scales closely imbricated, all strongly ctenoid; lower pharyngeals each with a double row of bluntish teeth. A single species found on the coast of California. Jsopsetta approaches in many respects very close to the large-mouthed flounders of the type of Hippoglossoides, and it may fairly be said to be intermediate between Psettichthys and Lepidopsetta. Its affinities on the whole are nearest the latter, but the close relation of the Hippoglossine and Pleuronectine is clearly shown. (iGos, equal; wyrra, flounder. ) 3011. ISOPSETTA ISOLEPIS (Lockington). Head 4; depth 24. D.88; A. 65; scales 88; vertebra 104 52—42. Body elliptical, much compressed, moderately deep, the curvature very regular; head moderate, strongly compressed, the profile little depressed above the eye; eyes rather large; interorbital space broad, flattish, with several series of scales. Scales on cheeks similar to those on body, rather large, ctenoid, and closely imbricated. Mouth comparatively large, maxillary reaching pupil, 33 in head; teeth not large, about ‘ap conical, close set, in 1 somewhat irregular series, or partly in 2 series, those on colored side small; lower pharyngeals each with a double row of bluntish teeth. On the blind side the scales are more or less ctenoid, sometimes smooth; those on the cheeks weakly ctenoid; most of the opercle, the preopercle, interopercle, and subopercle on blind side naked; lateral line with a very slight arch in front, the depth of which is less than } the length; accessory branch nearly as long as head; fins rather low, mostly covered with ctenoid scales. Color brownish, mottled and blotched with darker. This small flounder is rather common off the coast of California, where it reaches a length of about 15 inches. It much resembles Psettichihys melanostictus, but its small mouth and blunt dentition indicate a real affinity with the small-mouthed flounders, among which it is here placed. Its nearest rela- tive among our species is doubtless Lepidopsetta bilineata. Puget Sound to Point Concepcion, in rather deep water; not rare. (i605, equal; Aezis, scale.) Lepidopsetta umbrosa, LOCKINGTON, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 106; not of GIRARD. Lepidopsetta isolepis, LOCKINGTON, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 325, San Francisco. Parophrys isolepis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1880, 453 and 1881, 67; JorRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 832, 1883; JoRDAN, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 186, 1884. Tsopsetta isolepis, JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N, A., 136, 1885; JoRDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 285, 1889. 1034. LEPIDOPSETTA, Gill. Lepidopsetta, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 195 (wmbrosus). Body robust; mouth small. Teeth stout, conical, little compressed, bluntish, in 1 series, rather irregularly placed. Lateral line with a distinct arch in front and accessory dorsal branch; scales imbricated, Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2643 rough ctenoid, smooth in the very young. A single species, abundant on the Pacific coast of North America. It is close to Inopsetta, from which it is separated by the arch of the lateral line, and still closer to Limanda, from which the accessory branch of the lateral line alone separates it. (Aemis, scale; w7rra, flounder.) 3012. LEPIDOPSETTA BILINEATA (Ayres). - Head 32; depth2!. D.80; A.60; teeth +7; scales 85. Vertebre 11+ 25 + 10? 29—40. Body broadly ovate, thickish; mouth moderate, turned toward the left side; teeth stout, conical, little compressed, bluntish, in 1 series, rather irregularly placed. Lower pharyngeals broad, with 2 rows of blunt teeth. Gill rakers few, very short, thick and weak, without teeth. Snout projecting; eyes large, separated by a prominent ridge, which, like the cheeks and upper portion of opercle, is covered with rough stellate scales ; lower eye advanced; opercle, subopercle, and interopercle of left side scaly; preopercle naked. Scales rather small, mostly ctenoid, not closely imbricated, those on the blind side smooth; scales on cheeks and other parts of head very rough; scales of body smoother and less closely imbri- cated anteriorly, the degree of roughness variable, northern specimens (var. umbrosus) being roughest. Lateral line moderately arched anteriorly, with an accessory dorsal branch, which is less than $ length of head; height of arch less than } its length. Dorsal beginning over eye, its ante- riorrays low; caudal convex; anal preceded by aspine; a concealed spine behind ventrals; rays of dorsal and anal all simple; dorsal and anal some- what scaly; caudal? length of head; pectoral }head. Lower pharyngeals broad, each with 2 rows of blunt teeth. Yellowish brown, with numerous round pale blotches. Pacific coast of North America, Bering Strait to Monterey. This species is one of the commonest of the flounders of the Pacific coast, its abundance apparently increasing toward the northward. In Bering Sea it far outnumbers all other flounders. We have specimens from Bering Island, Medni Island, Unalaska, St. Paul, St. George, and Chignik Bay. It reaches a.weight of 5 or 6 pounds and is an inhabitant of shallow waters. Specimens from Puget Sound and northward are rougher than southern specimens and constitute a slight geographical variety, for which the name Lepidopsetta bilineata wnbrosa may be used. This is the same as P. perarcuatus of Cope. (bilineatus, two-lined. ) Platessa bilineata, AYRES, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Cal. 1855, 40, San Francisco. Platichthys umbrosus, GIRARD, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1856, 136, Puget Sound. Pleuronectes perarcuatus, COPE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1873, 30, Unalaska. Pleuronectes umbrosus, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 454, 1862. Pleuronectes bilineatus, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 444, 1862; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 833, 1883. Lepidopsetta bilineata, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 195; LockineTon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 103; LocKineTon, Rep. Com. Fisheries California, 1878-79, 46; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 453; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881,68; BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 241; BEAN, Cat. Coll. Fish. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 19; BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 353; JorDAN, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., pl. 50, 184, 1884; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 286, 1889. 2644 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, ——¥ 1035. LIMANDA, Gottsche. (Mup DaBs.) Limanda, GortscHE, Archiy fur Naturgsch. 1835, 100 (limanda). Myzopsetta, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1864, 217 (ferruginea). Teeth chiefly uniserial; lateral line with a distinct arch in front, and without accessory dorsal branch; scales imbricated, rough ctenoid; ver- tebre about 40. This genus is closely allied to Pseudopleuronectes, from which it differs only in the presence of an arch on the anterior part of the lateral line. (Limanda, an old name of the European Dab, Limanda limanda, from limus, mud.) a, Head comparatively large, 34 to 44 in length. b. Dorsal rays 85; anal rays 62. c. Seales rather small, 90 to 100 in lateral line; scales of right side ctenoid, closely imbricated, those of blind side mostly smooth; teeth conical, close set, forming a continuous series, about 11-+ 30 in lower jaw; snout abruptly projecting, forming in front of upper eye a sharp angle with the descending profile. FERRUGINEA, 3013. ce. Scales larger, wide spart, about 80 in lateral line; scales of blind side more or less rough. ASPERA, 3014. bb. Dorsal rays 60 to 70; anal 47 to 53; scales small, 86 to 95; snout long, protrud- ing; scales of blind side smooth. PROBOSCIDEA, 3015. aa. Head very short,5} in length; snout very short; interorbital space very narrow. D. 64; A. 63; scales 88. BEANII, 3016. 3013. LIMANDA FERRUGINEA (Storer). (Rusty DAB.) Head 4in length; depth 2}. D.85; A.62; scales 100. Body ovate-ellip- tical, strongly compressed; teeth small, conical, close set, in asingle series on each side in each jaw, about 11+ 30 in the lower jaw; snout projecting, forming a strong angle above upper eye, with the descending profile; gill rakers of moderate length, very weak, not toothed; eyes moderate, 44 in head, the lower slightly in advance of upper, separated by a high, very narrow ridge, which is sealed posteriorly, and is continued backward as an inconspicuous but rough ridge to the beginning of the lateral line; scales imbricate, nearly uniform, those on right side rough ctenoid, those on left sidenearly or quite smooth; scales on body rougher than on cheeks; caudal peduncle short, higher than long; dorsal inserted over middle of eye, its middle rays highest; pectoral less than ? length of head; caudal fin rounded; anal spine present; lateral line simple, with a rather low arch in front, the depth of which is barely ? the length; a concealed spine behind ventrals; ventral of colored side partly lateral, the other wholly so; anal spine strong. Brownish olive, with numerous, irregular, reddish spots; fins similarly marked; left side with caudal fin, caudal pe- duncle and margins of dorsal and anal fins lemon yellow. Atlantic coast of North America, Labrador to New York. This species is rather common northward on our Atlantic coast. It is allied to the European Dab, but has smaller scales and a more prominent snout. Our specimens are from the east coast of Massachusetts. (/ferrugineus, rusty red.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2645 Platessa ferruginea, D. H. STORER, Rept. Fish. Mass., 141, pl. 2, 1839, Cape Ann; De Kay New York Fauna: Fishes, 297, pl. 48, fig. 155, 1842; STORER, Syn. Fish. N. A., 476, 1846. Platessa rostrata, H. R. STORER, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., v1, 1850, 268, Labrador. Pleuronectes ferrugineus, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 447, 1862; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 834, 1882. Myzopsetta ferruginea, GILL. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 217. Limanda ferruginea, GOODE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 472; Goopr, Hist. Aquat. Anim., pl, 49, 1884; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 427, 1896; JonpAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 287, 1889. Limanda rostrata, Giuu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 217. 3014. LIMANDA ASPERA (Pallas). (ALASKA DAB.) Head 34; depth 2. D.69; A.53; scales about 80. Form of Lepidopsetta bilineata. Teeth small, almost conical, on both sides of the mouth; interor- bital space narrow, scaly; opercle and preopercle naked below; gill rakers very feeble; pharyngeals not very broad, their teeth bluntish, not paved; scales small, wide apart, partly embedded, each one with 1 to 4 spinules, which are almost erect; anterior scales with 3 to 4 of these spinules; pos- terior mostly with 1; scales of blind side smoother; only middle rays of dorsal and anal scaly; no accessory lateral line; anal spine present; twentieth anal ray and thirty-seventh dorsal ray longest; caudal double truncate. Brown, nearly plain, the blind side with tinges of lemon yel- low. Bering Sea, generally common, south to Vancouver Island and to the Okhotsk Sea. We have specimens from Petropaulski and Robben Reef, Bristol Bay, and Herendeen Bay. It is especially abundant in Bristol Bay, and, according to Dr. Gilbert, it is an excellent food-fish. Dr. Bean has also collected it in various localities in Alaska. Its scales are larger and rougher than in L. ferruginea which, in many respects, it resembles. A specimen from the island of Saghalien is in the museum at Cambridge. The above description is from examples taken by Dr. Bean. (asper, rough.) Pleuronectes asper, PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso- Asiat., II, 425, 1811, east coast of Siberia; Giin- THER, Cat., Iv, 454, 1862; STEINDACHNER, Pleuronectiden, etc.,aus Decastris Bay, 1870- 1875; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 835, 1883. Limanda aspera, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 242; BEAN, Cat. Coll. Fish, U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 20; BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 354; Bean, Hist. Aquat. Anim., 184, pl. 48, 1884; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 288, 1889. 3015. LIMANDA PROBOSCIDEA, Gilbert. Depth 2} to 24 in length; head large, 3 to 3} in length in a specimen 7 inches long. D.63 to 67; A.47t049; scales 86to95. Resembling L. ferru- ginea, but having fewer rays in dorsal and anal, larger scales and longer snout. Profile sharply angulated above front of upper eye, the snout con- vexly protruding; form varying from very slender to broadly elliptical, the 2 outlines equally curved; caudal peduncle short, widening backward, its least depth twice its length; mouth oblique, maxillary reaching beyond front of lower eye, 4 in head; teeth narrow, little compressed, in a single series on both sides of the jaw, extending farther back on the blind side; eyes on right side; lower eye well in advance of upper, the diameter of 2646 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, upper eye 54 to 6 in head, 14 in snout; vertical from front of upper eye, falling midway between front of orbit and front of pupil of lower eye; interorbital space a very narrow, sharp ridge, naked in females, with a single series of ctenoid scales in males; gill rakers short, about equal to diameter of pupil, 13 or 14 in number, 9 or 10 on lower limb; scales loosely imbricated, ctenoid in males on colored side, smooth in females; blind side of both sexes smooth; head scaled on eyed side in males; the opercle, subopercle, interopercle, and preopercle mostly naked in females; head on blind side naked; rays of vertical fins with a single series of ctenoid scales; dorsal fin beginning slightly behind front of upper eye, the first 3 rays usually higher and with membranes more deeply incised than in those which follow; highest portions of both dorsal and anal fins behind the middle of the body; these fins about equal, their longest rays equal to the snout and eye; caudal } head; pectorals short, 4 in head; ventrals reaching beyond front of anal, 34 in head; the usual small antrorse spine in front of anal fin. Color light grayish or brownish, thickly covered with small whitish spots; entire left side with margins of dorsal, caudal, and anal fins bright lemon yellow (as in ferruginea); vertical fins grayish, with an occasional dark-brownray. Specimens described 7} inches long. Bering Sea; several specimens from Albatross Stations 3239 and 3240, in Bristol Bay, in 11} to 144 fathoms; 1 young individual from Herendeen Bay. (Gilbert.) (proboscideus, having a long snout or proboscis. ) Limanda proboscidea, GILBERT, Report U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (1896), 460, pl. 33, Bristol Bay and Herendeen Bay. (Coll. Albatross.) % 3016. LIMANDA BEANII, Goode. Head 53; depth 23. D.64; A.63; scales 88. Body elliptical, with angu- lar outlines, strongly compressed; head very short; snout abbreviated; mouth small, subvertical; teeth small, apparently in two rows, chiefly on the blind side of lower jaw; eyes large, as long as mandible; interorbital space very narrow. Dorsal fin beginning about pupil, its rays long, wide apart, exserted; right ventral near the median line; caudal broad, fan- shaped. Lateral line with an abrupt curve, the length of which is twice its height and about equal to length of head, its scales highly specialized; lateral line on colored side less developed; scales small, strongly ctenoid on the right side; larger and cycloid on the blind side. Grayish, mottled with darker; a conspicuous black blotch on the outer rays of caudal on each side. (Goode. ) Deep water off the coasts of New England; not common. (Named for Dr. Tarleton Hoffman Bean.) Limanda beanii, GooDE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880 (Feb. 16, 1881), 473, southern coast New England, Fish Hawk Stations, 875, 876; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 428, pl. 102, figs. 355a and 355b, 1896. Pleuronectes beani, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 835, 1883; JORDAN & GQss, Review Flounders and Soles, 288, 1889. 1036. PSEUDOPLEURONECTES, Bleeker. (WINTER FLOUNDERS.) Pseudopleuronectes, BLEEKER, Comptes Rendus Acad. Amst., Pleuron., 7, 1862 (planus). Body oblong, with firm flesh; the scales firm, regularly imbricated, strongly ctenoid on eyed side in both sexes; fin rays scaly; mouth small; Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2647 teeth uniserial, incisor-like, close set, all more or less blunt; lower pharyn- geals very narrow, each with 2 rows of separate, conical teeth. This genus is distinguished from Pleuronectes chietly by the well-imbricated ctenoid scales, and from Limanda, which it more closely resembles, by the want of arch to the lateral line. Besides the typical species, we refer to this genus a second from the North Pacific. (evdos, false; Pleuroncctes. ) a. Dorsal rays 65; anal rays 48; scales 83; vertical fins nearly plain. AMERICANUS, 3017. aa. Dorsal rays 58; anal rays 38; seales 70; vertical fins with black bars. PINNIFASCIATUS, 3018, 3017. PSEUDOPLEURONECTES AMERICANUS (Walbaum). (COMMON FLATFISH; WINTER FLOUNDER.) Head 4 in length; depth 2}. D.65; A.48; scales 83. Body elliptical; an angle above eye. Head covered above with imbricated, strongly ctenoid scales, similar to those on the body; blind side of head nearly naked; interorbital space rather broad, strongly convex, its width } eye, entirely scaled; teeth compressed, incisor-like, widened toward tips, close set, forming a continuous cutting edge; some of teeth often emargi- nate, sometimes movable; right side of each jaw toothless. Highest dorsal rays less than length of pectorals, and more than 4 length of head; anal spines present. Dark rusty brown, spotted or nearly plain; young olive brown, more or less spotted and blotched with reddish. Atlantic coast of North America, from Labrador to Chesapeake Bay. This small flounder is one of the most abundant of the group on our Atlantic coast. It reaches a length of about 15 inches and a weight of less than 2 pounds. It is a very good food-fish and sells readily in the markets. Along the south coast of Massachusetts this species is more abundant than any other of the flatfishes. The specimens examined by us are from Labra- dor, Cape Breton, Anticosti, Grand Menan, Boston, Provincetown, Woods Hole, New Bedford, and Somers Point, New Jersey. Flounder, ScHOrF, Schrift. Gesellschaft Naturforscher Freunde, vim, 1788, 148, New York. Pleuronectes americanus, WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 113, 1792, based on the Flounder of ScHOPF; BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 150, 1801; GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 443, 1862; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, §37, 1883; STEARNS, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 125. Pleuronectes planus, MITcHILL, Trans. Lit. & Philos. Soc. N. Y., 1, 1815, 387, New York. Platessa pusilla, DE Kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 296, pl. 47, fig. 153, 1842, New York; STORER, Synopsis, 477, 1846. Platessa plana, STORER, Rept. Fishes Mass., 140, 1839; DE Kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 295, pl. 49, fig. 158, 1842; SrorRER, Synopsis, 476, 1846. Pseudopleuronectes planus, BLEEKER, Comptes Rendus Amsterd., X11, 1862, 7. Pseudopleuronectes americanus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 216; Goopr, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 182, pl. 44,1884; JorpDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 289, 1889. 3018. PSEUDOPLEURONECTES PINNIFASCIATUS (Kner). Head 3} in body; depth 2}. D.58; A. 38; scales 70; eye 53 in head; snout 5; highest anal ray 2; pectoral 2; caudal 44 in body. Body sub- elliptical, the snout rather pointed and not forming an angle above eye; mouth rathersmall, maxillary reaching scarcely to the middle of the lower eye; interorbital space rather broad, 4 width of eye; a rather prominent 2648 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. rugose ridge above opercle, with a smaller similar ridge behind it; both sides of jaws with teeth, those on blind side stronger; origin of dorsal over middle of upper eye. Color brown, with vague dusky spots; 6 or 7 blackish vertical bars on dorsal and anal; similar lengthwise blotches on caudal. Okhotsk Sea, east to Kamchatka. (Steindachner.) Not seen by us. From the excellent figure we conclude that it belongs to Pseudo- pleuronectes, although its pharyngeals have not been described. It seems to us nearer to P. americanus than to Liopsetia glacialis. (pinna, fin; fasciatus, banded. ) Pleuronectes pinnifasciatus, KNER, in STEINDACHNER, Ueber einige Pleuronectiden, etc., aus Decastris Bay, 2, pl. 1, fig. 1, 1870, Decastris Bay, mouth of Amur River; JOR- DAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 290, 1889. 1037. PLEURONECTES (Artedi) Linneus. (PLAICE. ) Pleuronectes, ARTEDI, Genera, etc., in part, 16, 1738. Pleuronectes, LINN2ZxUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 268, 1758 (platessa) ; included all known Pleuro- nectide. Platessa, CUVIER, Régne Animal, Ed. 1, 1, 220, 1817 (platessa). Pleuronectes, SwAINsON, Nat. Hist. Class’n Anim., I, 302, 1839 (platessa). Pleuronectes, BLEEKER, Comptes Rendus Acad, Amsterd., XIU, 1862 (platessa); and of most recent authors. Body oblong, with firm flesh. Mouth small, teeth uniserial, incisor-like, compressed, forming a continuous cutting edge. Lateral line straightish, without arch or accessory dorsal branch. Scales imperfectly imbricated, chiefly cycloid in both sexes; lower pharyngeals small and narrow, sepa- rate, each with 1 or 2 rows of small bluntish teeth. No stellate scales along bases of dorsal and anal. Species mostly European; valued as food. (A edpor, side; véxrns, Swimmer.) 3019. PLEURONECTES QUADRITUBERCULATUS, Pallas. Head 33; depth2. D.68; A.50; scales78. Mouth very small, with small, incisor-like teeth, rounded at tip. Eyes separated by a narrow ridge; about 5 small, prominent, conical, obtuse, bony tubercles in a row above the oper- cle, continuous with the direction of the lateral line, which is straight, without accessory dorsal branch; tubercle above opercle largest. Scales small, cycloid in all specimens examined. Anal spine present. Grayish, mottled with paler and with round black spots; fins very dark. Bering Sea on both coasts, south to Kadiak; not common. Our specimens from Avatcha Bay, Bristol Bay, Herendeen Bay, Chernofsky Harbor, Grantley Harbor, Chignik Bay, and Robben Island. The above description from a small specimen (No. 28025, U.S. Nat. Mus. ) collected by Mr. W. J. Fisher at Kadiak. The species proves, as suspected by Jordan & Goss, to be a true Pleuronectes, having the lower pharyngeals narrow, separate, with 2 rows of bluntish teeth. (quadrituberculatus, having four tubercles. ) Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus, PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 111, 423, 1811, sea between Kamchatka and Alaska; BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat, Mus, 1881, 241; JornpAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 836, 1883. Pleuronectus pallasii, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., vil, 45, 1879, Kamchatka. Parophrys quadrituberculatus, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 456, 1862. Platessa quadrituberculata, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 292, 1889. Jordan and Evermann,.—Ffishes of North America, 2649 1038. LIOPSETTA, Gill. (EEL-BACK FLOUNDERS. ) Liopsetta, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 217 (glaber) ; females. Buchalarodus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 222 (putnami); males. Teeth chiefly uniserial, incisor-like; scales imperfectly imbricated, rough ctenoid in the male, more or less eycloid in the female (fin rays scaly in the male, naked in the female); lower pharyngeals very large, more or less united in the adult, their surface somewhat concave, with teeth in 5 or 6 rows, large, blunt, close set; lateral line without arch or dorsal branch. This genus comprises several species of small flounders of the Arctic seas. The genus is distinguished by the large, half-united pharyngeals, as also by the peculiar squamation, the scales in the males being very rough, in the females smooth. This ditierence has given rise to the nominal genus Luchalarodus, based on the males, while Liopsetia was based on the smoother females, which were erroneously supposed to be scaleless. (Aéios, smooth; w~7jrra, flounder.) a. Dorsal rays 55 or 56; anal 40 to 42. b. Pectoral fin short, 4 length of head in males, shorter in females. GLACIALIS, 3020. bb. Pectoral fin long, 14 in head in males, nearly 2 in females. PUTNAMI, 3021. aa. Dorsal rays 59 to 62; anal 45 or 46; pectoral 12 in head in males. OBSCURA, 3022. 3020. LIOPSETTA GLACIALIS (Pallas). (ARCTIC FLOUNDER.) Head 4; depth 2}. D.56; A.42. Form of Liopsetia putnami. A rough- ened ridge above the cheeks and opercles on the eyed side. Eyes separated by a narrow, smooth, bony ridge. Scales minute, embedded, nonimbri- cate, ctenoid in the males, smooth in the females; scales on blind side similar, less developed; scales of lateral line a little larger. Teeth col- ored, incisor-like, forming an even edge, mostly on blind side. An anal spine; pectorals short. Dark brown, the fins spotted. Aretic shores of Alaska and Siberia, south in Bering Sea to Petropaulski, St. Michaels, and Bristol Bay. Our specimens from Port Clarence, Petropaulski, Bristol Bay, mouth of Nushagak River, and Kotzebue Sound; the description from specimens from the last-named locality taken by Dr. Bean. It is said to be abundant in the Arctic Ocean and as far south as Bristol Bay. ‘Although small, its great abundance and fine flavor make it impor- tant as an article of food.” The male is the rough fish described by Pallas as P, cicatricosus. The smoother female is Dr. Giinther’s Pleuronectes frank- linii, the sexual differences being much as in Liopsetta putnami. Liopsetta dvinensis of the northern coasts of Russia may be the same species. (gla- cialis, icy.) Pleuronectes glacialis, PALLAS, Itin., m1, App., 706, mouth of River Obi; BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 150, 1801; PALLAs, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 111, 424, 1811; RicHArp- sON, Fauna Bor.-Amer., Fish., 258, 1836; De Kay, N.Y. Fauna: Fishes, 302, 1842; STORER, Synopsis Fish. N. A., 479, 1846; BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 241; JorpAn & GI- BERT, Synopsis, 837, 1883; BEAN, Cat. Coll. Fish. U. S. Nat. Mus., 20, 1883; BEAN, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 184, pl. 47, 1884. Pleuronectes cicatricosus, PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., UI, 424, 1811, male, sea between Kamchatka and Alaska. 3030 89 2650 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. ? Platassa dvinensis, LILLJEBORG, Veb. Ah. Hand. 1850, 360, tab.20, mouth of River Dwina. Pleuroneetes franklinii, GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., rv, 442. 1862, Arctic seas of America, female; BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 241. Liopsetta glacialis, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 295, pl. 17, 1889. * 3021. LIOPSETTA PUTNAMI (Gill). (EEL-BACK FLOUNDER.) Head 3}; depth 2. D.55; A.40; scales 70 (pores). Body oblong, ovate. Eyes rather small, separated by a naked elevated ridge. Jaws sometimes each with 2 distinct rows of teeth, the interrupted outer series of truncate, close set, thickish, incisor-like teeth, which are sometimes movable; the inner row of similar teeth more widely set and rather distant from the outer row (and often or generally wanting); about 20 teeth in outer row in lower jaw; right side of each jaw toothless; interorbital ridge contin- uous, with a broad, naked, smoothish, tuberculose ridge, which joins the lateral line. Scales small, distant, nonimbricate, smooth in the female, and more or less ctenoid in the male, those on blind side smaller. Fins moderate, somewhat scaly; anterior rays of dorsal low; pectoral a little more than } head; bases of vertical fins not tuberculate; anal spine pres- ent; lower pharyngeals separate, broad, with coarse teeth. Grayish brown, mottled with darker brown; fins with blackish spots. Length 10 inches. Atlantic coast of North America, from Cape Cod northward to Labrador and beyond; occasionally found in abundance. This species is rather common along the coast of northern Massachusetts and northward to Labrador. Specimens are frequently found in the markets, mixed with those of Pseudopleuronectes americanus. The numerous specimens in our possession were found in the markets of Indianapolis, having been sent thither from Boston. The remarkable sexual differences in the species have been fully discussed by Dr. Bean (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 345), the form formerly called Euchalarodus putnami being the male, and that called Pleuronectes glaber being the female of the same species. These conclu- . sions of Dr. Bean are fully corroborated by our series of specimens in which both sexes are fully represented. Although Liopsetta putnami is abundant where found, its ascertained range is somewhat limited. The specimens in the United States National Museum represent localities from Salem, Massachusetts, to Belfast, Maine. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology the localities represented are Proy- idence, Boston, Salem, Grand Manan, and Labrador. (Named for Prof, Frederic Ward Putnam, ) Platessa glabra, STORER, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 1843, 130, female, Massachusetts; Storer, Syn. Fish. N. A., 477, 1846; Srorer, Hist. Fish. Mass., 199, pl. 31, fig. 1, 1867; Putnam, Bull. Essex Inst., v1, 1874, 12; not Platessa glabra of RATHKE, 1837, a species of Flesus. Euchalarodus putnami, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 216-221, Salem, Massa- chusetts (Coll. F. W. Putnam), male; GILL, Report U. S. Fish Comm. 1873, 794; GOooDE & BEAN, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, XIV, 1877. Liopsetta glabra, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 217. Pleuronectes glaber, GILL, Report U.S. Fish Comm. 1873, 794; GoopE & BEAN, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, Xtv, 1877,476; xvu, 1879, 40; GoopE & Bran, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 347; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 836, 1883; Goopk, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 183, pl. 45, 1884. Liopsetta putnami, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 294, pl. 16, 1889. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2651 3022. LIOPSETTA OBSCURA (Herzenstein). To this species we refer 2 males from Shana Bay, Iturup Island. The scales on the colored side are every where strongly ctenoid and imbricated, while in Herzenstein’s types (supposed to be females) they were cycloid. In our specimens the head is somewhat smaller, 3,4, in length instead of 3;\, to 33; the depth is greater, 2+ in length instead of 23 to 22; the inter- orbital space is covered with very fine scales, not naked; the curve of the lateral line seems more marked, its cord contained 5 instead of 6 times in the straight portion. All of the fins are higher than in the female types, the pectoral of colored side being 1! head, the caudal 1}, the ventral 4 head, and the highest dorsal ray 13. Some of these differences may well be sexual. The lower pharyngeals are short and broad, the two closely appressed but united in our specimens, 27 and 29 ecm. long. The teeth are large and very blunt, like cobble stones, and are arranged in 1 row along the outer edge; a row of larger teeth along the inner edge, and a short row along the posterior edge of the triangle. The arrangement is very similar is that found in ZL. glacialis, but here a few small teeth, without definite arrangement, are interposed in the middle of the bone, between the third series described. Dorsal 59 and 62; anal 45 and 46; tubes in the lateral line 79. Color on eyed side uniform dark brown on body and fins, the extreme tips of the fin rays white; on blind side yellowish white, with a few irregular scattered dark spots; dorsal and anal yellowish at base, becoming more or less mottled with dusky on distal half, the fins marked with broad dark bars parallel with the rays, about 7 on the anal fin, 10 or 11 on the dorsal; caudal light on basal half more or less blotched with darker, becoming black posteriorly. With this species we identify also a number of young individuals, 9 to 15 em. long, from the same locality (Iturup Island). They are probably young females, but the viscera are in such condition as to prevent positive determination. The scales are per- fectly smooth, but in other respects they agree perfectly with the adult males, except in their more varied coloration; head and body brownish, profusely spotted in coarser or finer pattern with light gray; also with a few scattered black spots edged with gray; markings on the fins as described for adults. In 7 specimens the dorsal contains 60, 62, 62, 62, 64, 65, and 66 rays; anal 45, 45, 45, 46, 47, 47, 48. Sea of Okhotsk. Our specimens from Shana Bay, Iturup Island, one of the Kurils; originally described from Mantechuria. (obscwrus, dark.) Pleuronectes obscurus, HERZENSTEIN, Mélanges Biologiques, 127, 1890, Mantchuria. Liopsetta obscura, JORDAN & GILBERT, Rep. Fur Seal Invest., 1898. 1039. PLATICHTHYS, Girard. (STARRY FLOUNDERS.) Platichthys, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 136 (rugosus=stellatus). Body very robust, broad, not greatly compressed. Mouth small; teeth chiefly uniserial, incisor-like. Scales all in both sexes and on both sides of body reduced to coarse scattered stellate tubercles, which are not 2652 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. imbricated ; similar tubercles between bases of dorsal and anal rays; lateral line without scales, with no anterior arch or accessory lateral line; lower pharyngeals broad, each with 3 rows of blunt coarse teeth. A single species, the largest of the small-mouthed flounders, and distinguished from related forms chiefly by the development of coarse stellate tubercles instead of scales. (zAarus, flat; 7y4vs, fish.) 3023. PLATICHTHYS STELLATUS (Pallas). (GREAT FLOUNDER.) Head 32; depth 2. D.58; A. 42. Vertebre 34. Body broad and short, the snout forming a slight angle with the profile; lower jaw projecting; interocular space rather broad, with very rough scales; large rough scales at base of dorsal and anal rays and on sides of head; similar but smaller scales scattered over the body; lateral line smooth; fins without scales; a cluster of bony prominences above opercle. Teeth incisor-like, trun- 10415 cate, rather broad, ae teeth. Dark brown or nearly black, with lighter markings; fins reddish brown; dorsal and anal with 4 or 5 vertical black bands; éaudal with 3 or 4 black longitudinal bands. Pacific coast of America, from Point Con- cepcion to the Arctic Ocean and south to the Amur River. This is one of the largest of the American flounders, reaching a weight of 15 to 20 pounds. Of the small-mouthed flounders it is much the largest species known. It is an excellent food-fish, and from its size and abundance it is one of the most important of the group in the region where it is found, con- stituting half the total catch of flounders on our Pacific coast, and it is equally abundant in Bering Sea. It lives in shallow water and sometimes ascends the larger rivers. It is one of the most widely distributed of all the flounders, its range extending from San Luis Obispo, where it was obtained by Jordan & Gilbert, to the mouth of the Anderson and Colville rivers on the Arctic coast, where it was observed by Dr. Bean, and to Port Clarence, where Mr. Scofield obtained specimens. We have also specimens from Petropaulski, Bering, Medni, and Robben islands and from Bristol Bay. A specimen from the island of Saghalien in Asia is in the museum at Cambridge. (stellatus, starry.) Lower pharyngeals broad, with coarse paved Pleuronectes stellatus, PALLAS, Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, 11, 416, 1811, Kamchatka, Aleutian and Kuril Islands; GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 443, 1862; STEINDACHNER, Pleur. von Decastris Bay, 1870,1; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 453; JorDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 68; BEAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1881, 420; Jor- DAN & GILBERT, Synopsis 835, 1883; BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 353; BEAN. Cat. Coll. Fish. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1883, 20; JoRDAN, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 184, pl. 46, 1884. Platichthys rugosus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 139, 155, San Francisco; Presidio; Petaluma; GriraArp, U.S. Pac. R. R. Sury., X, Fishes, 148, 1858. Platessa stellata, Dk Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fishes, 301, 1842; Srorer, Synopsis, 478, 1846. Platichthys stellatus, LoCKINGTON, Rep. Com. Fish. Cal. 1878-79, 43; LockrNeTon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, 1879, 91; JorpAn & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 296, 1889. Jordan and E-vermann.—Fishes of North America, 2653 1040. MICROSTOMUS,* Gottsche. (SMEAR DABS.) Microstomus, GOTTSCHE, Archiv fur Naturgesch. 1835, 150 (latidens) ; not Microstoma, Risso, 1826. Cynicoglossus, BONAPARTE, Fauna Italica, 1837, fase., XTX (eynoglossus, NILSSON, not of L.). Cynoglossa, BONAPARTE, Catalogo Metodico Pesci Europei, 48, 1846 (microcephalus) ; not Oynoclossus, HAMILTON, 1822. E Brachyprosopon, BLEEKER, Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Amsterd., Xiu, Pleuron.,7, 1862 (microcephalus). Cynicoglossus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 460, 1883 (microcephalus). Body elongate, compressed; mouth very small; teeth broad, incisor- like, on blind side only; scales small, all cycloid; vertebrie numerous (48 to 52); dorsal rays 90 to 100; anal rays 70 to 85; anal spine obsolete; left side of skull normal, without mucous cavities; ventral fins with 5 rays each. Arctic seas. This genus is widely separated from Pleuronectes *We here retain the generic name Microstonius, although in accordance with recent usage of most ornithologists and ichthyologists, it should be suppressed, as identical with Microstoma. The two words are from the same root, and differ only in the termi- nation. Butis not this difference enough? The code of nomenclature of the American Ornithologists’ Union very properly declares that ‘‘a name is only a name, and has no necessary meaning,’ and therefore no necessarily correct spelling, except the spelling selected by the writer from whom it dates its origin. As a result of this, the original spelling of each generic name is (undoubted misprints aside) the orthography to be adopted, regardless of all questions as to the correct etymology of the word. S @ necessary sequence, it seems to us that all generic names, not actually preoccupied by names spelled in the same way, should be tenable. There is no other certain boundary line between names tenable and names untenable. We therefore regard all generic names as available unless used in zoology earlier and in exactly the same orthography. Among American genera of fishes we may therefore use the following, notwithstanding their earlier analogies: Microstomus for Cynicoglossus notwithstanding the prior Mierostoma. Heterodontus Cestracion Heterodon. Lucania Lucanus. Thymallus Choregon Thymalus. Nebris Nebria. Xiphidion Xiphister Xiphidium. Amitra Monomitra Amitrus. Seytalina Scytaliscus Seytalinus. Lagochila Guemciehie Lagocheilus. Auchenopterus ‘remnobates Auchenipterus. Lyopselta ——— —. Liopsetta. Leucos Myloleucus Leucus. Pterophryne Pterophrynvides Pterophrynus. Secaphirhynchus Scaphirhynchops Scaphorhynchus. Lepidion Haloporphyrus Lipidia. Gramma _— Grammia. Stenotomus Stenotoma. If Microstomus be discarded, the next name in order of date is Cynicoglossus. The following is Bonaparte’s definition of Cynicoglossus as quoted by Gill (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1864, 222): “Secundo 6 Cynicoglossus nob. che come il Pl. cynoglossus L. ha la linea laterale retta, la bocea piccola, i denti come quello di sopra [ Platessa] ma la mascelle iguale, con labbra turgide, e |’ ano senza spina.” Later, in his Catalogo Metodico dei Pesci Europei, Bonaparte changes this name from Cynicoglossus to Cynoglossa, giving the sole species as Cynoglossa microcephala, and quot- ing as its synonym “‘ Pleuronectes cynoglossus, N. Nilss.”, showing that his identification of the Linnzan species coincided with that of Nilsson, who at first used the name **Pleu- ronectes cynoglossus” for the present species instead of the species of Glyptocephalus. In Bonaparte’s Catalogo, Glyptecephalus, Gottsche, is regarded by Bonaparte as synonymous with Platessa.. It is thus evident, as Dr. Gill has suggested, that Bonaparte meant to refer to the Pleuronectes microcephalus instead of Pl. cynoglossus, he ‘‘ having followed Nilsson in his erroneous identification” of the latter with the former. In further evidence of this we have the fact that Cynicoglossus microcephalus (kitt) has no anal spine, while such a spine is present in the species of Glyptocephalus. We would be, therefore, justified in the use of Cynicoglossus instead of the later Brachyprosopon, if Microstomus should be regarded as ineligible on account of the prior name Microstoma. (Jordan & Goss.) 2654 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. and its allies by its greatly increased number of vertebre, a character accompanied by a similar increase in the number of fin rays. It is close to Glyptocephalus, but the lack of the cavernous structure of the bones of the head, a structure peculiar to the species of that genus, sufficiently distinguishes it. (sz%pos, small; G6roua, mouth.) a. Dorsal rays 85 to 93; anal rays 70 to 76; head very small, about 5 in length; eye 4 in head. KITT, 3024. aa. Dorsal rays 102; anal ray 85; head 44 in length; eye 3 in head. PACIFICUS, 3025. 3024. MICROSTOMUS KITT (Walbaum). (SMEAR DAB.) Head 5i in length; depth 24. D.85 to 93; A.70t076; scales 130; caudal 14 in head; pectoral 13. Body moderately elongate; month small, the maxillary not reaching to front of lower eye; teeth on blind side conical, rather compressed and blunted, 11 to 13 on either jaw; eyes close together, the lower slightly in advance; gill rakers short, not numerous. Origin of dorsal above middle of upper eye, its rays larger in the posterior half of body; pectorals about equal in size; no spine before anal; caudal rounded; head, except snout, entirely scaled; scales cycloid; lateral line with asmall curve; vertebrie 13-4 35—48. Color dull yellowish, blotched, and with dark spots, especially over the chest and along the base of anal fin; dark blotches and spots on anal, caudal, and ventral fins; dark base to pectoral, which has also some cloudy markings. (Day.) Seas of the north of Europe in rather deep water, south to Cornwall. Recorded by Steindachner (as Pleuronectes gilli), from the sea between Iceland and Greenland. This small flounder is rather common in the waters of north- ern Europe. It reaches the length of a foot or more, and is said to be excellent as food. Like its congener, Wicrostomus pacificus, this species is very slimy in life. Pleuronectes gilli, as described by Dr. Steindach- ner, seems to differ from Microstomus kitt only in the larger head, which is but 42 in the length to base of caudal. It is probably not specifically distinct from the latter. Only a single specimen, 104 inches long, is known. (Eu.) (The specific name “kitt,” given by Walbaum on the authority of Jago’s description, should be adopted for this species. Ac- cording to Day, the species is still called ‘ kitt” on the coast of Cornwall.) Rhombus levis cornubiensis, JAGO, in Ray, ‘‘Syn. Pisc., 162, tab. 1, fig. 1, 1713.” The Smear Dab, PENNANT, British Zoology, 111, 230, pl. 41, 1776. Pleuronectes kitt, W ALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 11, 120, 1792, after RAy; the description in part confused with that of Lepidorhombus. Pleuronectes levis, SHAW. Gen’) Zool., Iv, 299, 1803. Pleuronectes quenseli, HOLBOLL, Bohusliins Fiske, Iv, 59, 1821, Bohuslans, Sweden. Pleuronectes quadridens, FABRICIUS, Kong]. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Afhandl., I, 39, 1824, Iceland. Microstomus latidens, GorrscHE, Are_‘v fur Naturgsch. 1835, 150, Zealand. Pleuronectes gilli, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Notizen, Vil, 40, 1868, Polar Sea north of Iceland. Pleuronectes microcephalus, DONOVAN, British Fishes, u, pl. 42, 1802; GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 447; STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., vit, 47; DAy, Fishes Great Britain, 11, 28, pl. 102; Cotiett, Norges Fiske, 145, and of recent European writers generally. Pleuronectes microstomus, FABER, Isis, 886, 1828. Platessa microcephala, FLEMING, British Anim., 198, 1828, and of numerous writers. Cynoglossa microcephala, BONAPARTE, Catalogo Metodico Pesei Eur., 48, 1845. Microstomus kitt, JORDAN & Goss, Review of Flounders and Soles, 1886, 298. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2655 3025. MICROSTOMUS PACLFICUS (Lockington). (SLIPPERY SOLE.) Head 4} in body; depth 23. D.102; A.85; scales 140; eye 3} in head; maxillary 5; pectoral 13; greatest height of dorsal 24; anal 24; caudal 2; vertebrie 12+ 40—52. Body elongate, elliptical; mouth small, the maxillary reaching just past front of lower eye; teeth long and broad, forming a continuous cutting edge, on blind side only, about 10 teeth on lower jaw; eyes very large, nearly twice as long as snout, the upper even with profile above; interorbital a narrow scaly ridge; gillopening adnate to shoulder girdle above pectoral; gill rakers short, 8 below angle, 5 or 6 very small scarcely developed ones above; scales small, cycloid, not closely imbricated, lateral line nearly straight. Origin of dorsal slightly behind middle of upper eye, caudal truncate or slightly rounded. Color olive brown, blotched on body and fins with darker, all fins blackish toward the ends of the rays. Pacific coast of North America, Monterey to Unalaska, in rather deep water, 15 to 50 fathoms; common. Here de- scribed from a specimen, about 14 inches in length, from Albatross Station 2927, off the coast of California. This small flounder abounds in deep water about San Francisco, but comes near the shore farther north. It is exceedingly slimy when first taken. The large individuals are considered excellent as food; the smaller are thrown away. It rarely reaches the weight of a pound. ' Glyptocephalus pacijicus, LOCKINGTON, Rep. Cal. Com. Fisheries, 1878-79, 43, off Point Reyes, California; LOCKINGTON, Proc, U. 8S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 86; JorDAN, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 188, 1884. Cynicoglossus pacificus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 453: JoRDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 68; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 838, 1883. Microstomus pacificus, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 299, 1889. 1041. EMBASSICHTH YS, Jordan & Evermann, Embassichthys, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 506, 1896 (bathybius). This genus is a deep sea representative of Microstomus, from which it differs in the increased number of vertebre (63 instead of 48 to 52). Its fin rays are correspondingly increased, the body is deeper than in Micros- tomus, and it has teeth on both sides of the jaws, as in Glyplocephalus. (év, in; PadGos, for Babvs deep; 2y60s, fish; a fish in the depths.) 3026. EMBASSICHTHYS BATHYBIUS (Gilbert). Head 4 to 45 in length; depth 2 to 2}. D.111t0117; A.96 to 98; verte- bre 14+ 49—63. Body oval, very thin and deep, the greatest depth at anterior third of body; upper profile very abruptly angulated opposite hinder margin of upper pupil, the anterior half of head conspicuously pro- truding beyond general outline. Caudal nearly sessile, the peduncle very short. Mouth small, maxillary.about + length of head in specimens 1 foot long. Teeth broad incisors, slightly notched at tip, nearly equally devel- oped on blind and colored sides, 21 on blind side of lower jaw, 16 on 2656 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. colored side. As in other members of this group, the lower jaw is the longer, the upper teeth included. Interorbital space wholly sealed, with a very high, rather sharp ~-shaped ridge. Eyes very large, the upper entering largely into the upper profile, the lower much in advance; front margin of upper orbit on vertical of front of lower pupil; diameter of upper eye 23 to 24 in head. Anterior nostrils of both sides in rather long tubes, the posterior margins produced to form short flaps. Preopereular margins adnate, as usual, concealed by scales. No conspicuous mucous excavations on blind side. Gill rakers weak and rather short, 10 or 11 on anterior of arch. Scales very small, cycloid, in about 165 cross rows, the tubes of lateral line much fewer, not regularly arranged; over 50 longi- tudinal rows above lateral line. Dorsal beginning over posterior edge of pupil; fins low, the highest dorsal rays behind middle of body, % length of head; caudal rounded, 14 in head; pectorals 2 in head; ventrals small, each with 5 rays, as in Microstomus pacificus. (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus and zachirus have 6 rays in each ventral.) Color of eyed side warm brown, darker toward margins, becoming black on vertical fins; every- where on body and fins coarsely blotched with light blue, the marks so arranged on upper and lower thirds of sides as to form 5 broad bars of bluish, alternating with those of the ground color, and corresponding above and below; lips and branchiostegal membranes black; blind side dusky brownish. This well-marked species differs from the species of Microstomus in its nruch greater depth and bright coloration, and in having teeth well developed on both sides of jaws, as in the species of Glypto- cephalus. Two specimens from the Santa Barbara Channel, in deep water. (Gilbert.) (Sa6vs, deep; Azos, life.) Cynicoglossus bathybius, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 123, Santa Barbara Channel, at Albatross Station 2980, Lat. 33° 49’ 45’’ N., Long. 119° 24! 30’ W.., in 603 fathoms. — (Type in U.S.N.M. Coll. Gilbert.) 1042. GLYPTOCEPHALUS, Gottsche. (FLUKES. ) Glyptocephalus, GOTTSCHE, Archiv fur Naturgsch. 1835, 156 (type saxicola—cynoglossus, L.). Eyes and color on the right side. Body extremely elongate, more than twice as long as deep, much compressed. Head very small and short, its blind side with many excavations and mucous cavities in the skull, man- dible, and preopercle. Mouth very small; teeth moderate, incisor-like, broad, equal, close set, in a single series; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Gill rakers short, weak. Lower pharyngeals narrow, with 1 or 2 rows of conical teeth. Lateral line nearly straight, simple; scales very small, smooth; dorsal and anal very long, there being more than 90 rays in the dorsal] and more than 80 in the anal; caudal fin rounded; anal spine pres- ent; ventralrays6. Vertebrie in increased number, 58 to 65. Northern seas, in deep water. This genusis one of the most strongly marked in the family, being distinguished from most of the genera by the greatly increased number of vertebrie, and from all of them by the remarkable cavernous Se Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2657 structure of the bones of the head. Twospecies known. (yvAvzros, seulp- tured; &¢aAv, head.) a. Pectoral fins very short, not faleate, that of right side about 4 length of head; verte-- bree 58. : CYNOGLOSSUS, 3027. aa. Pectoral fins of colored side faleate, longer than the head; vertebra 65. ZACHIRUS, 3028. 3027. GLYPTOCEPHALUS CYNOGLOSSUS (Linnzeus), (CRAIG FLUKE; POLE FLOUNDER.) Head 5 to 54in body; depth 24 to 3. D. 101 to 112; A. 87 to 100; scales 125; V.6; highest dorsal and anal rays 2 in head; pectoral a little more than 2; vertebrie 58. Body oblong, fusiform; head small, ovate; the pro- file slightly decurved; mouth very small, with the cleft oblique; teeth on blind side close set, with incisoral edges, $4; on the eyed side, distant, obtusely conic, '; eyes moderate, the lower advanced, close together, 3 in head; scales regularly imbricated, lateral line straight; pectoral short, faleate; origin of dorsal above middle of upper eye; anal spine present; caudal convex or angulated behind; pectoral fins very short, not falcate, that of right side about } length of head; upper jaw with about 30 teeth; opercle adnate to the shoulder girdle for a short distance only. Color grayish brown; fins with dark spots; tip of pectoral dusky above. North Atlantic, on both coasts, chiefly in deep water, south to»sCape Cod and France. This species is found in rather deep water on sandy bottoms. It reaches a length of 12 to1l8 inches. This flounder has been taken in great numbers with the beam trawl in deep water off our New England coast. It is pronounced by the United States Fish Commission to be not inferior as a food-fish to the European sole. (Eu.) (cynoglossus, a sole; xUVwr, dog; vA@66a, tongue. ) Pleuronectes, etc., Corpore oblongo glabro, GRoNowW, Museum Ichthyol., 1, Iv, 39, ete., Bel- gium. Pleuronectes cynoglossus, LINN2:US, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 269, 1758, after GRoNOW; GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 449, 1862; Day, Fishes Great Britain, 11, 30, pl. 103; LiLLJEBORG, Sveriges och Norges Fiske, 11, 386, 1891; and of European writers generally. Platessa pola, CUVIER, Régne Animal, Ed. 1, Vol. 2, 339, 1829, after la Pole of Duhamel. Pleuronectes saxicola, FABER, Tidsskr. f. Naturv., 5 B., 244, 1828, Denmark. Pleuronectes nigromanus, NILsson, Prodr. Ichth. Seand., 55, 1832. Platessa elongata, YARRELL, Hist. Brit. Fish., 619, 1859, young. Glyptocephalus acadianus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1873, 360, Nova Scotia. (Type, No. 12685.) Gluptocephalus cynoglossus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1873, 360; GoopE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 21; Goong, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 337; Goopg, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 475; CoLteTt, Norske Nord-Havs Exped. 1880, 150; GoopE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 195, 1883; JorpDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 838, 1883; GOODE, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 198, 1884; JorDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 300, pl. 19, 1889. . Solea cynoglossa, RAFINESQUE, Indice di Ittiologia Siciliana, 53, 1810; based on the Sole or Cynoglossum of RONDELET. Glyptocephalus saxicola, GOYTSCHE, Archiv fur Naturgsch. 1835, 156. Platessa saxicola, KROYER, Danmark’s Fiske, 338, 1843. Pleuronectes elongatus, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 450, 1862. Gyptocephalus elongatus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1873, 362. 2658 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 3028. GLYPTOCEPHALUS ZACHIRUS, Lockington, (LONG-FINNED SOLE.) Head 5} to 54; greatest width of body 34 to 34; eye 3}in head; snout 8. D. 94 to 106; A. 79 to 89; P. 11 to 13; V. 6; vertebre 13-+52—65. Body elongate-ovate, anterior portion of the oval shorter than posterior; snout declivous, almost vertical, its tip level with upper margin of lower eye, its curve uniting without sensible depression with that of nape; dorsal outline rising with a regular gentle curve from snout to about twenty-second dorsal ray, thence declining very gradually and regularly with but slight curvature to caudal peduncle; abdominal outline almost straight from knob of mandible to ventral; from thence to end of anal curved in same manner as dorsal outline; peduncle of tail expanded toward caudal, its least width about + of greatest depth of body; greatest distance from anal to lateral line less than length of head. Eyes large, elliptical, the lower in advance of the upper about 4 length of pupil, and scarcely reaching dorsal profile anteriorly. Interocular space very narrow, about 4 of longitudinal diameter of eye, smooth; not raised above the eye in a fresh fish; a slight ridge rising at its posterior part, forming lower posterior margin of upper eye, and dying out on cheek. Nostrils of right side level with upper margin of lower eye; anterior nostril with a short tube, the posterior with a raised margin, and vertical with the front mar- gin of the lower orbit; posterior nostril of blind side in advance of eye; anterior nostril nearly as on colored side; nostrils small and inconspicuons. Gape of mouth very small on colored side, considerably larger on blind side; on the colored side the cleft is nearer vertical than horizontal; pos- terior end of maxillary reaching very little behind anterior margin of orbit of lower eye, and the symphysis of intermaxillaries about level with upper edge of orbit; mandible projecting in the closed mouth, short, not passing a vertical from front margin of pupil, with a prominent knob below the symphysis, and a smaller one at its posterior extremity. Teeth on-both sides of jaws throughout the full length of the gape, in a single row, broad, but thick, forming a blunt, continuous edge, about 34 in lower jaw and rather fewer in the upper, in an individual 11,4; inches long; in an example 142 inches long there were 14 teeth on the colored side and 26 on the blind side of the mandible, the latter the larger; in the intermaxillaries, 13 on the colored side and 23 on the blind side; each lower pharyngeal with a double row of teeth, the inner larger than the outer; the 4 anterior teeth of outer row conspicuously larger than those following ; about 12 teeth in each inner row; upper pharyngeals each with a close-set row of 6 or 7 blunt conical teeth. Branchiostegals 7; gill rakers few, flexible, very short. Dorsal commencing between front of orbit and pupil, considerably behind nostrils, long and low, forming a continuous arch of slightly greater curva- ture than dorsal outline, the longest rays in central portion, and ending opposite anal at about 3 of width of caudal peduncle from origin of caudal; anal with a horizontal spine, the first ray rather distant from the visible portion of the spine, and nearly length of ventral behind pectoral base, sim- ilar to the dorsal; almost all the rays of dorsal and anal directly backward ; caudal convex on posterior margin, rather narrow, the rays once bifurcate, Jordan and Fevermann.—Fishes of North America, 2659 sometimes bifurcate again near the tips; pectoral of colored side exceed- ingly long and lanceolate, about 4 of total length of fish; first 5 rays simple, the others once bifurcate; fourth ray longest, fifth nearly equal, sixth alittle longer than third, thence diminishing rapidly. Usual proportion of the first 4 rays 3-8-10-12; pectoral of blind side lanceolate, rather more than 4 of length of that of colored side, and formed of the same number of rays, first 4 simple, the others once forked; fourth and fifth rays longest; ven- trals inserted so that their hinder axil is vertical with, or alittle posterior to, anterior axil of pectoral, their tips reaching to first anal ray; 4 pos- terior rays once bifurcate. Lateral line almost straight, rising very slightly anteriorly, formed of a double row of tubes, about 138 in number, excluding those upon caudal; a row of similar pores commencing at ridge under upper eye, and continuing around lower eye almost to its front mar- gin; scales small, smooth, uniform over the body, and extending over the head to snout, on which they are smaller; intermaxillaries and mandible scaleless; scales on blind side similar; caudal scaly on both sides; no scales on the other fins. Color uniform brownish or cinereous; fins darker; the color formed by minute dark spots on the scales; membrane between the fin rays closely set with dark points; blind side whitish. the ground tint clouded with numerous black points. Deep waters of the Northern Pacific, from San Francisco northward; found throughout Bering Sea in 35 to 350 fathoms. This species is a thin, dry flounder, reaching a length of something over a foot. It is taken in the sweep nets in deep water about San Francisco. Itis readily known by its long pectoral fin. (€a-, an inten- sive particle; yezp, hand, from the long pectoral.) Glyptocephalus zachirus, LOCKINGTON, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 88, San Francisco; Lock- INGTON, Rep. Com. Fisheries California 1878-79, 42; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 453; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 68; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 838, 1883; JORDAN, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 188, 1884; JoRDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 301,1889; GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish. Comm. 1893 (1896), 460. 1043. LOPHOPSETTA, Gill. (WINDOW PANES. ) Lophopsetta, GILu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 216 (maculatus). Eyes and color on the left side. Body broadly ovate, strongly com- pressed, pellucid; mouth large, oblique, the maxillary reaching to beyond eye; teeth subequal, in narrow bands, or in single series; a small patch of teeth on the vomer. Scales small, eycloid, imbricate, the skin withont bony tubercles. Lateral line strongly arched in front, without accessory branch. Dorsal fin beginning on the snout, its anterior rays exserted; anal fin not preceded by a spine; ventral of left side free from the anal, inserted nearly on the ridge of the abdomen, its base broad, the rays well separated; pectoral and ventral fins moderate. One species. Very close to the European genus Bothus, Ratinesque (= Scophthalmus, Rafinesque, = Rhombus, Cuvier, = Passer, Valanciennes), from which it differs in the more numerous gill rakers, pellucid body, and produced dorsal rays, all charac- ters of minor importance. The European Turbot (Psetta, Swainson), is 2660 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. also closely related, but the typical species, Psetta maxima, is a large robust fish, scaleless and beset with bony tubercles. (Ad@os, crest; wirra, turbot.) 3029. LOPHOPSETTA MACULATA (Mitchill). (WINDOW PANE.) Head 34; depth 1%. D.65; A,52; scales 85; eye 4 in head; pectoral 14; highest dorsal rays 1{; highest anal rays 14; interorbital space 4 eye. Body broadly rhomboid, strongly compressed, translucent in life; mouth large, the maxillary reaching nearly to posterior margin of eye, maxillary of eyed side with a bony tubercle on its anterior end; jaws subequal, the lower with a sharp knob at symphysis; teeth in each jaw in 1 series laterally, in a very narrow band in front; interorbital space rather broad, slightly concave, its posterior third or fourth with scales; gill rakers short and slender, about 8+ 25; maxillary, mandibles, snout, and the greater part of interorbital naked; scales on head and body ecycloid, loosely imbricated, those on the blind side a little smaller. Anterior rays of dorsal produced, their ends branched and free, the first on tip of snout, the rays at the beginning of posterior third of fin the highest; origin of anal directly under angle of preopercle; base of ventrals long, that of the eyed side extending along ridge of body from notch in isthmus to front of anal, base of ventral on blind side shorter; pectoral reaching past curve on eyed side, its mate much smaller; caudal rather long. Color light olive brown, almost translucent, everywhere marbled with paler, and with many small, irregular, sharply defined black spots; dorsal, anal, and caudal with larger, round, blended spots of dark brown; pectoral with brown, interrupted cross lines. This small flounder much resembles the European Brill ( Bothus rhombus), but is smaller, thinner, and more trans- lucent in body. Its weight rarely exceeds a pound or two, and its value as a food-fish is but slight; nevertheless, it is a near ally of the European Turbot (Psetta maxima), and in its technical characters it very closely agrees with the latter species. Atlantic coast of United States, from Casco Bay to South Carolina; common. (maculatus, spotted.) : Pleuronectes maculatus, MITCHILL, Rept. in part, Fish. N. Y.,9,1814, New York; Dr Kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 301, pl. 47, fig. 151, 1842; SToRER, Synopsis, 479, 1846; SrorRER, Hist. Fish. Mass., 204, 1867; JonDAN & Goss, Review of Flounders and Soles, 258, 1889. Pleuronectes aquosus, MITcHILL, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y.,1, 1815, 389, pl. 2, fig. 3, New York. Lophopsetta maculata, GILL, Proc, Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 216; ibid, 1864, 220; JorDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 371. Bothus maculatus, JORDAN & GILBER?, Synopsis, 815, 1883. thombus aquosus, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 41], 1862. 1044. PLATOPHRYS, Swainson. Solea, RAFINESQUE, Indice di Ittiologia Siciliana, 52,1810 (rhomboide); not of QUENSEL, 1806. Platophrys, SWAINSON, Nat. Hist. Class’n Fishes, 1, 302, 1839 (ocellatus). Peloria, Cocco, Intorno ad Aleuni Pesci del mar di Messina, Giorn. del Gabin., 1844, 21-30, Lettere di Messina (heckeli, a larval form of P. podas); not Pelorus of MONTFORT, 1808. Jordan and Evermann.—Ffishes of North America. 2661 ? Coccolus,* BONAPARTE, in Cocco, Aleuni Pesci Messina, 21, 1844 (annectens; larval form— probably of P. podas, with the right eye in transit to the left side). Bothus, BONAPARTE, Catologo Metodico, 49, 1846 (podas); not of RAFINESQUE. Rhomboidichthys, BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Nederl. Manad. and Makassar, 67, 1357-58 (myriaster). Platophrys, BLEEKER, Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Amsterd., x1, 1862, Pleuron., 5 (ocellatus). Eyes and color on the left side. Body ovate, strongly compressed; mouth of the large type, but comparatively small; the maxillary 4 or less of the length of the head; teeth small, subequal, in 1 or 2 series; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Interorbital space broad and concave, broadest in ‘adult males. Gill rakers moderate. Dorsal'fin beginning in front of eye, all its rays simple; ventral of colored side on ridge of abdomen; caudal convex behind; pectoral of left side usually with 1 or more filamentous rays, longest in the male. Scales very small, ctenoid, adherent; lateral line with a strong arch in front. Coloration usually variegated. This well-marked genus is widely diffused in the warm seas. The sexual differences are greater than usual among flounders, and the different sexes "have often been taken for different species. As a rule, in the males, the pectoral fin on the left side is much prolonged, the interorbital area is much widened and very concave, and there are some tubercles about the snout and lower eye. The young fishes, as is usually the case, resemble the adult females. Lately, Dr. Emery has shown that the larval flounder, known as Peloria heckeli, is in all probability the young of Pleuronectes podas. The generic name, Coccolus, based on forms slightly more mature than those called Peloria, probably belongs here also. We have seen no larval forms so young as those which have been described as Peloria heckeli. We have, however, examined small transparent flounders, one with the eyes quite symmetrical, taken in the Gulf Stream, and another with the eyes on the left side, taken at Key West. Both these may be larvie of Platophrys ocellatus. The figures published by Emery seem to make it almost certain that the corresponding European forms belong to P. podas, although some doubt as to this is expressed by Facciola. The species of Platophrys are widely distributed through the warm seas, no tropical waters being wholly without them. All the species of Platophrys are extremely closely related and can be distinguished with difficulty. On the other hand, the variations due to differences of age and sex are greater than in any other of our genera. The following analysis of the species of Platophrys is very unsatisfactory. There are certainly 3 species (podas, the European species, maculifer, and lunatus) which are known to be distinct in their adult state. The young forms of maculifer and lunatus are not well known, nor is it known how they differ from ocellatus, spinosus, and other species which presumably reach a smaller size. Only a thorough study of the species, in all stages of development in their native waters, can give us the characters by which the species can be really discriminated. (zAarvs, broad; d¢pus, eyebrow.) *‘*Parvus mole et pleuronectiformis, medius inter Pleuronectidas et Bibroniinos hic piscis videtur! Attamen dum illi oculos unilaterales habeant, iste vero bilaterales ; in hoc novo genere oculi, alter a latere, altere in vertice vix ad appositum latus convenus positi sunt.’ (Bonaparte: quoted by Facciola, Su di Aleuni Rari Pleuronettidi.) 2662 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. a. Anal rays, at least anteriorly, each with a spinule at base (these formea by a slight widening of the tip of the interhemal spines, each being covered by a little rough seale); front of dorsal with similar projections. b. Color brown, with pale rounded spots; fins dotted with brown; a faint dark spot at first 4 of lateral line; snout with horny points; mouth small, the maxillary reaching front of eye. SPINOSUS, 3030 aa, Anal rays without spinules at their base. . ce. Anterior profile of head convex before the interorbital area, the very short snout scarcely forming a reentrant angle at its base; form elliptic-ovate, the outlines more regular than in P. lunatus. d. Dorsal rays 85 to 95. e. Scales not very small, about 75 pores in lateral line; no blue mark- ings, at least in the young. Jf. Mouth small, the maxillary 3 in head; no spines about the snout; eye 34 in length; interorbital width 3 in head (in the type); pectoral short; curve of lateral line 6 times in straight part. Color dark brown, with numerous stellate white spots, the most distinct of them with darker edgings; these generally scattered over the body; but some of them on sides of body gathered together in little rings; these spots blue rather than white in life. CONSTELLATUS, 3031. Jf. Mouth smaller, the maxillary 3{ in head. Color light grayish, tinged with reddish, with smail round spots of darker gray, and with lighter rings inclosing spaces of ground color. OCELLATUS, 3032. ee. Scales smaller, 90 to 95 pores in lateral line. Color of adult, reddish gray, the body everywhere covered with rings formed of round, sky-blue spots, which are not confluent and not edged with black ; besides these, very few detached spots or other blue markings. MACULIFER, 3033. dd. Dorsal rays 105; anal rays 80; pectoral short; interorbital space 2% in head; depth 13 in length; scales 91; body deep. Color (specimen 43 inches long) grayish, much spotted and mottled with whitish, no blue in young example. ELLIPTICUS, 5034. cc. Anterior profile of head strongly concave before interorbital area, the pro- jecting snout leaving a marked reentrant angle above it. g. Mouth not very small; maxillary 3 in head. Color dark olive, with many rings, curved spots, and small round dots of sky blue edged with darker on body, these largest near middle of sides, where some are as large as eye; 3 obscure dark blotches on straight part of lat- eral line. LUNATUS, 3035. gg. Mouth small; maxillary 3£in head. Color highly variegated with dif- ferent shades of gray, the pale blotches rounded, very irregular in size and position; no blue spots. LEOPARDINUS, 3036. 3030. PLATOPHRYS SPINOSUS (Poesy). Depth 14. D. about 74; A. about 57; scales about 80. Anal rays, at least anteriorly, each with a spinule at base, these formed by a slight widening of the tips of the interhemal spines, each being covered by a little rough scale; front of dorsal with similar projections. Snout with horny points; mouth small, the maxillary reaching front of eye. Eyes very wide apart, 22 in head, the interorbital space 1/ in head; pectoral fin short; curve of aioe line 5 in straight part. Color brown, covered with vale rounded spots; fins dotted with brown; a faint dark spot at first third of lateral line. Described from specimens from Cuba, probably the types, 44 inches Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2663 long, which have been partly dried before being placed in aleohol. Cuba. The original description of this species isa very scanty one. In all re- spects, unless it be the color, it agrees with the European species, Plato- phrys podas. We have found 2 small specimens sent by Professor Poey to the Museum of Comparative Zoology, which may be the types of this species. They are 4} inches long, and have been partly dried in the sun. A result of this has been to increase the prominence of the interhemal spines. Whether these be the original types or not, the species is an ex- tremely doubtful one. ‘The eyes are farther apart in these specimens than in any of Platophrys ocellatus, which we have examined. They agree in this respect with Agassiz’s figure of Rhombus ocellatus. (spinosus, spinous. ) Rhomboidichthys spinosus, POEY, Synopsis, 409, 1868, Cuba; Pory, Enumeratio, 139, 1875. Platophrys spinosus, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 266, 1889. 30351. PLATOPHRYS CONSTELLATUS, Jordan. Head 4; depth 13; eye 3} in head; interorbital width 3. D.89; A, 65; scales 75. Body elliptic-ovate, the outlines more regular than in P. luna- tus; anterior profile of head convex before the interorbital area, the very short snout scarcely forming a reentrant angle at its base; anal rays with- out spinules at their base; mouth small, the maxillary 3 in head; no spines about the snout; pectoral short; curve of lateral line 6 times in straight part. Color dark brown, with numerous stellate white spots, the most distinct of them with darker edgings; these generally scattered over the body, but some of them on sides of body are gathered together in little rings (perhaps these spots are blue rather than white in life); fins mottled with dark brown, the pectoral finely barred. Specimens exam- ined 34 inches long. Galapagos Archipelago. Originally described from 3 specimens, the largest 34 inches long, numbered 11146 on the register of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. They are from James Island, in the Galapagos. The species is closely related to P. ocellatus and others, but in color, at least, it is different, and its habitat is remote; locally common. (constellatus, with star-like spots. ) Platophrys constellatus, JORDAN, in JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 266, 1889, James Island, Galapagos Archipelago. (Types in M.C. Z.) 3032. PLATOPHRYS OCELLATUS (Agassiz). Head 4 in length; depth 14; eye (lower) 3} in head; snout 5. D. 85; A. 64; scales 75 (pores); vertebrie 37. Body ovate, deep anteriorly, the profile descending steeply, rendered abruptly concave in front of inter- orbital space by the conspicuously projecting short snout. Mouth very small and oblique, the maxillary reaching vertical from front of lower eye, 3} in head; tip of lower jaw entering the profile. Teeth fine, coni- cal, in 2 series in the upper jaw, 1 in the lower, those of the outer row in upper jaw larger and more widely separated than those of the inner series. Snout very short, equaling interorbital width. Interorbital space nar- row, deeply concave, closely scaled. Eyes large, the lower in advance of upper. Gill rakers obsolete, 7 rudiments on horizontal branch of anterior arch. Scales moderate, not extending on the fins, those on colored side 2664 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, etenoid, those on blind side smooth; arch of lateral line short and high, its base contained 44 to 5 times in the straight portion. Dorsal fin begin- ning opposite anterior nostril, the rays nearly uniform in length, the longest about } head; pectoral of colored side 4} in length; ventral of colored side beginning under middle of lower eye, with 6 rays; the right yentral with 5 rays. Color in life, light grayish with reddish tinge, cov- ered with small round spots of darker gray and with lighter rings inclos- ing spaces of the ground color; vertical fins similarly colored, with a small black spot near base of each ninth or tenth ray; 2 black spots on median line of body divide the length into nearly equal thirds; some other small black spots scattered over colored side. Western Atlantic, from Long Island to Rio Janeiro, on sandy shores. Here described from Key West specimens, types of P. nebularis. Thisspecies is very common at Key West in clear, shallow water on sandy bottom. The largest of the numerous specimens taken is 3 inches in length. A specimen similar to these has been taken by Dr. Bean on the south coast of Long Island. This seems to be the same as the Cuban species called Rhomboidichthys ocellatus by Poey, and some of the specimens sent by Poey to the Museum of Comparative Zoology are apparently identical with the types of P. nebularis. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology we have compared specimens of the real Platophrys ocellatus (No, 11423, Rio Janeiro, Agassiz) with a representative specimen of P. nebularis (No. 26147, from the Tor- tugas, Florida), and are unable to find any differences. We adopt, there- fore, the name Platophrys ocellatus for all, and regard it as one of the widely distributed flounders, like Liropus crossotus and Citharichthys spilop- terus. (ocellatus, with eye-like spots. ) : Rhombus ocellatus, AGASSIZ, Spix, Pisce. Brasil., 85, pl. 46, 1829, Brazil. Rhombus bahianus, CASTELNAU, Anim. nouv. rares Amérique du Sud, 1855, Bahia. Platophrys nebularis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 31, 143, Key West (Type, 34972. Coll. Dr. Jordan); GooDE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 441, 1896. Platophrys ocellatus, SWAINSON, Nat. Hist. Class’n Fishes, 11, 302, 1889; Jorpan & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 266, 1889. Rhomboidichthys ocellatus, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 433, 1862; PoEY, Synopsis, 408, 1868. 3033. PLATOPHRYS MACULIFER (Poey). Head 4; depth 1%. D. 90 to 95; A. 70; scales 90 to 95, Body elliptical, ovate. Mouth small, oblique, the maxillary 3? in head; Peeth in each jaw in 2 irregular series; filamentous rays of pectorals reaching very nearly to last rays of dorsal; arch of lateral line short and high, its length 14 times its height and 2? in head; snout very short, 4 in head; interorbital area 33 inhead. Color of adult reddish gray, the body every- where covered with rings formed of round, sky-blue spots, which are not confluent and are not edged with black; besides these, very few detached spots or other blue markings; head with similar blue spots, but no rings; area inclosed in the blue rings not different from the ground color; caudal with blue spots, other fins with none; dorsal and anal mottled; a large, diffuse, dusky spot at front of straight part of lateral line; 1 better defined on middle of lateral line; a faint one farther back; pectorals grayish, with dark bars, Cuba, We identify specimens taken by Dr. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2665 Jordan at Havana with this species. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology are other specimens similar to these, sent to Cambridge by Poey. In several respects these specimens agree fairly with Poey’s P. ellipticus, but that species is said to have 104 dorsal rays. (macula, spot; fero, I bear.) ? Pleuronectes maculiferus, POEY, Memorias, I, 316, 1860, Cienfuegos. (Coll. Poey.) ? Rhomboidichthys maculiferus, POEY, Synopsis, 408, 1868; Porky, Enumeratio, 139, 1875. Platophrys maculifer, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 267, 1889. Platophrys ellipticus, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, 1886, 51; not of Pory. 3034, PLATOPHRYS ELLIPTICUS (Poey). Depth 13. D. 105; A. 80; scales 91. Body elliptical, ovate; anterior profile of head convex before the interorbital area; pectoral short; inter- orbital space 2? in head; body deep. Color (specimen 4} inches long) grayish, much spotted and mottled with whitish; no blue (in young exam- ple). Cuba. Poey describes his P. ellipticus as having 104 dorsal rays. In none of our other species does the number of these rays reach 100. Among the specimens sent by Poey to the museum at Cambridge is 1, described above, 4% inches long, which has 105 dorsal rays. We have therefore assumed that the species to which this specimen belongs is the real P. ellipticus, and that the one heretofore called P. ellipticus is Poey’s P.maculifer. Both these assumptions are open to considerable doubt. (ellipticus, elliptical.) ? Pleuronectes ellipticus, Pozy, Memorias, II, 315, 1860, Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) ? Romboidichthys ellipticus, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 434, 1862; Porky, Synopsis, 408, 1868; Pory, Enumeratio, 139, 1875. Platophrys ellipticus, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 267, 1889. 3035. PLATOPHRYS LUNATUS (Linnzus). (PEACOCK FLOUNDER. ) Head 32 in length; depth 2. D.93; A. 70; scales 90; lower eye 6 in head; maxillary 23; interorbital 22; highest dorsal rays 23; highest anal rays 23; caudal 14; base of ventral of eyed side 3}.. Vertebrie 9+ 30—39. Body elliptical, ovate, strongly compressed; anterior profile concave, the snout projecting, leaving a reentrant angle above it; mouth moderate, the maxil- lary reaching to middle of pupil of lower eye; jaws subequal, the lower with a well-developed knob at symphysis, teeth small, in an irregular double series in each jaw; anterior end of maxillary with a large blunt spine, pointing outward and forward, a smaller one behind it on upper edge of maxillary, pointing upward and backward; interorbital very wide and deeply concave; orbital rim, below on upper orbit, above on lower, broken up into blunt papille; gill rakers short and thick, 9 devel- oped on lower part of arch, none onupper. Anterior part of interorbital, snout, maxillary, and mandible, naked; scales all cycloid; the rays of dorsal and anal with scales, a few on ventral of eyed side; arch of lateral line 5 in straight part. Pectoral of eyed side filamentous, reaching to base of caudal, its mate of opposite side shorter, about 1¢ in head; origin of dorsal over snout; ventral of eyed side with a long base, extending from 3030——90 2666 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, angle at isthmus, along ridge of body, slightly past front of anal; base of ventral of blind side } the length of that of its mate; caudal with the middle rays produced, double convex. Color dark olive, with many rings, curved spots, and small round dots of sky blue edged with darker on body, these largest near middle of sides, where some are as large as the eye; 3 obscure dark blotches on straight part of lateral line; head and vertical fins with sharply defined blue spots, which are mostly round; spots on opercles larger and curved; pectorals with dark bars. West Indies, north to Florida; common. Here described from a specimen from Green Turtle Cay, Florida, 14 inches in length. This handsome and curiously colored species is not rare in the waters of the West Indies. The specimens examined by us are from Cuba, Sombrero, St. Thomas, and other localities in the West Indies. The original figure of this species published by Catesby is a very good one and leaves no room for doubt as to the species intended, The figure of Bloch, called Pleuronectes argus, is also fairly accurate, and can refer to no other species. This species reaches a length of some 18 inches, and is the largest in size of the American species of Platophrys. We have never seen any young examples which certainly belong to it, and till its development is traced some of the species known from smal] examples only must be doubtful. (lunatus, crescent-shaped, from the spots.) Solea lunata et punctata (the Sole), CATESBY, Nat. Hist. Carolina, tab. 27,1725, Bahamas. Pleuronectes lunatus, LINN&ZUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 269,1758, Bahamas; based on CATESBY; and of the various copyists. Plewronectes argus, BLOCH, Ichthyol., tab. 48, 1783, Martinique; after Plumier. ? Pleuronectes surinamensis, BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 156, 1801, Surinam; ‘“‘ satis parva et glabra ;”’ fins scaly; mouth small; lateral line arched in front; D. 96; A. 55. Rhomboidichthys lunatus, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 433, 1862; Porky, Synopsis, 408, 1868. Rhomboidichthys lunulatus, Porky, Enumeratio, 138, 1875. Platophrys lunatus, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, 1886, 51; JORDAN & Goss, Review Floun- ders and Soles, 267, 1889. 3036. PLATOPHRYS LEOPARDINUS (Giinther). Head 33 in length; depth 13; eye (lower) 34 in head. D. 86 to 88; A. 64 (62 to 66); scales about 80. Mouth very small, the maxillary 34 in head; teeth very small, biserial above. Interorbital space concave, rather broad, its width 34 in head. Eyes large, the lower considerably before the upper. Lateral line with a short sharp curve anteriorly. Gill rakers verysmall. Anterior rays of dorsal not elevated; left pectoral not pro- duced, little longer than right, 1} in head. Coloration highly variegated with different shades of gray, the pale blotches rounded, very irregular in size and position; no distinct black spots along the lateral line; a large whitish cloud between the eyes; blind side pale, scaled like the eyed side. Gulf of California. This species is known only from the original type from unknown locality, and from a single specimen, 23 inches long, in the United States National Museum, taken by Mr. H. F. Emeric, at Guaymas, Sinaloa, From this the above description was taken. (leopar- dinus, leopard-like. ) Rhomboidichthys leopardinus, GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., Iv, 434, 1862, locality unknown. Platophrys leopardinus, JORDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 260, specimen from Guaymas; JORDAN & Goss, Review of Flounders and Soles, 268, 1889. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2667 1045. PERISSIAS, Jordan & Evermann. Perissias, JORDAN & EVERMANN, new genus (teneopterus). This genus differs from Platophrys in the larger scales, narrower interor- bital, and especially in the greatly produced ribbon-like lobe at the front of the dorsal. From Engyprosopon it differs in the short thick gill rakers and in the produced dorsal rays. The lateral line is wanting on the blind side. Deep sea. (7épi660s, strange.) 3037. PERISSIAS TENIOPTERUS (Gilbert). Head 33; depth 24. D. 86 to 88; A. 67 to 70; scales 60 to 65, the arch with 15 pores; 20 scales in a series running upward and backward from lateral line. Body elongate; caudal fin subsessile, the last anal and dor- sal rays inserted near rudimentary caudal rays; height of caudal peduncle 4 in height of body; upper profile descending very obliquely anteriorly, a slight reentrant angle in front of lower eye; in males the profile slightly angulated in front of upper orbit, below which it ascends more steeply; lower eye much in advance of upper; in females eyes close together, the vertical from middle of lower eye passing through front of upper orbit; diameter of upper orbit 34 in head; in males the lower eye may be entirely in advance of upper; in females 3 inches long, and in very young males the interorbital space is a narrow, concave, scaleless groove, less than diameter of pupil, running into a deep pit behind lower eye; in males 2 inches long the interorbital space has already widened, and in specimens 34 inches long is as wide as longitudinal diameter of orbit; it is traversed by an oblique ridge running upward and backward from front of lower eye, separating the anterior scaleless portion from the deep scalely pit behind; supraorbital ridge of lower eye serrated, forming a strong series of spines, less marked in females; anterior rim of upper orbit similarly but less strongly marked; a strong double spine on maxillary in front of nostrils; a spine near end of maxillary in males; mouth small, maxillary not reaching front of pupil, equaling diameter of orbit; teeth small, in a single close-set series in each jaw, equally developed on both sides, with enlarged caniues; gill rakers very short and weak, 8 on horizontal limb; anterior nostrils with very short flaps; dorsal beginning above front of lower eye; in all specimens, females as well as males, the first 2 rays detached from the rest of fin, the second ray produced into a flat, ribbon- shaped filament about as long as head; dorsal and anal rays all unbranched ; median caudal rays forked; no anal spine; ventral of colored side on ridge of abdomen, the 2 anterior rays in males connected by membrane at base only, produced into flat filaments as long as head, extending far beyond front of anal; pectoral of left side well developed, but small, slightly more than 4 head; that of blind side little developed, about } diameter of orbit; scales of left side strongly ctenoid, absent on interorbital space, snout, maxillary, and mandible; lateral line with strong curve anteriorly, the cord of which is contained 5 times in straight portion. Along lateral line are occasional broad cutaneons flaps, colored blue in life; scales of blind side cycloid, the tubes of lateral line obsolete, the course of lateral 2668 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. line indistinctly indicated by pits at bases of scales and occasional pore- like markings; median rays of dorsal and anal on left side with series of ctenoid scales, otherwise scaleless; caudal rays with double series on both sides. Color on left side olive brown, with many small irregular spots of light gray, with darker border; 3 or 4 dark blotches along lateral line; along dorsal and ventral outlines about 5 pairs of light spots, broadly ocellated with blackish; males with a bright blue spot on anterior profile at base of each of first 10 or 12 dorsal rays and 1 on end of snout; blind side in males with a broad oblique bar covering about } of sides, bluish black in life, dark brown in spirits; from its upper anterior part a num- ber of narrow parallel streaks run forward toward head, much as in Lngy- ophrys sancti-laurentii; filamentous rays of dorsal and ventral white; fins all speckled; a small black spot at base of median caudal rays. Differing from all known species of Platophrys in the ribbon-shaped prolongations of second dorsal ray and first and second ventral rays of eyed side, and in the obsolete lateral line of blind side. Several specimens from the Gulf of California and the western coast of Lower California, in 40 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (raivia, ribbon; 2repor, fin.) Platophrys teniopterus, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 118, Gulf of California, north of La Paz, at Albatross Station 2998, Lat. 24°51’ N., Long. 110° 39’ W.., in 40 fath- oms. (Type, No. 43095. Coll. Gilbert.) 1046. ENGYOPHRYS, Jordan & Bollman. Engyophrys, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 176, (sancti-laurentit). This genus is allied to Platophrys, Swainson, but differs from it in having the interorbital space very narrow and armed with a spine, and ~ the scales of moderate size and ctenoid. Gill rakers obsolete. No anal spine. Gill membranes entirely separate. It is still nearer the genus Engyprosopon, Giinther, but in that group the interorbital space is broader and the gill rakers are developed and slender. (éyyvs, near together; oopus, eyebrow.) 3038. ENGYOPHRYS SANCTI-LAURENTII, Jordan & Bollman. Head 22 to 24 (3 to 34); depth 13 to 2 (2 to 24). D. 78 to 85; A. 68 to 72; scales 60 to 68, along lateral line. Body broadly ovate, much compressed, the greatest depth over pectorals; dorsal and ventral outlines equally curved; profile scarcely concave before eyes. Mouth very small, ob- lique, the maxillary reaching opposite pupil of lower eye, 4 to 44 in head. Teeth present on blind side, well developed, close set and even, none on vomer. Snout short, 44 to5in head. Interorbital space a very narrow, sharp, scaleless ridge, the ridge forking above pupil, leaving a very narrow concavity anteriorly; lower ridge armed with a strong spine, turned backward, inserted just above pupil of lower eye. An- terior orbital rim of upper eye rather high, entering profile. Eyes large, lower in advance of upper, 3} to 4in head. Gill rakers almost obsolete, represented by 5 or 6 small fleshy papillw. Scales moderately small, ctenoid, and not very firmly attached; small scales on rays of dorsal and Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2669 anal fins; arch of lateral line short and small, but abrupt, 4 to 5 times in straight part. Dorsal beginning on blind side just behind posterior nos- tril and in front of eye; pectoral of colored side 2 in head, that of blind side 2} in head; ventrals of colored side slightly longest, 3 in head; that of colored side with 6 rays, of blind side with 5 or 6 rays. Color of left or eyed side, blackish brown, with scattered white and black spots, the latter most prominent along base of dorsal and anal fin; 3 large, black, nonocellated blotches on straight part of lateral line, the first at beginning, second at middle, and third on peduncle; fins dusky; dorsal and anal with scattered white and black spots; caudal with 5 black spots arranged in a curved series; blind side with 5 or 6 curved parallel dusky bands as wide as eye, the first beginning on interopercle and curving across cheek to along base of dorsal; second beginning at throat and curving along posterior margin of preopercle, and extending on back, parallel with the first from vent; third curving around in front of pecto- rals, across posterior part of opercle, and extending to base of dorsal fin behind the middle; rest behind pectorals. All of these bands fade out behind middle of body, so that the posterior portion is immaculate. In young examples these bands are very faint or obsolete. Coast of Colom- bia, southwest of Panama. Numerous specimens, the largest about 44 inches long, were dredged at Albatross Station 2795, at a depth of 33 fath- oms, and at Albatross Station 2805 at a depth of 514 fathoms. This peculiar species is distinguished from the species of Platophrys and Engyprosopon by its very narrow interorbital ridge, from the species of Arnoglossus by the form of the body, the short gill rakers, etc., and from all related species by the peculiar coloration of the blind side. (Named for St. Lawrence, in allusion to the gridiron-like markings of the blind side.) Engyophrys sancti-laurentii, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 176, Pacific Ocean, off coast of Colombia, at Albatross Station 2805, Lat. 7° 56’ N., Long. 79° 41' 30 W., and Station 2795, Lat. 7° 57’ N., Long. 78° 55’ W. (Type, No. 41155.) 1047. TRICHOPSETTA, Gill. Trichopsetta, GILL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 603 (ventralis). Body ovate, covered with rather large, ctenoid adherent scales; mouth moderate, the chin prominent; vomer toothless; teeth small, somewhat enlarged and hooked in front, uniserial; maxillaries obliquely truncated behind; interorbital area a narrow ridge, with a median groove in front; none of the dorsal rays produced; ventrals free from the anal; caudal fin subsessile; both pectoral fins present; right ventral much produced, the left on the ridge of the abdomen; lateral line with a strong arch in front. (992, hair; ~Hrra, turbot, from the prolonged ventral.) 3039. TRICHOPSETTA VENTRALIS (Goode & Bean). Head 4 in body; depth 24. D.93; A.73; pectoral 11 (eyed side), 7 or 8 (blind side); scales 19-66-23; eye 3} in head; maxillary scarcely 2; inter- orbital very narrow, scaleless, its width 8 in eye; scales strongly ctenoid; dorsal beginning upon snout upon the blind side, in advance of eyes, its 2670 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. highest rays equaling length of mandible; origin of anal under base of pectoral, its longest ray equaling or slightly exceeding } the distance of its anterior ray from snout; caudal equal to length of head without snout; pectorals inserted considerably below origin of lateral line, close to gill opening, that of the eyed side 6 in length of body; that of the blind side almost as long as head. Color light brownish gray; a dark blotch as long as eye on the anterior rays of the anal, a few obscure on different parts, of lighter hue at the junction of the curved and straight portion of the lateral line. (Goode & Bean.) Deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. (ventralis, pertaining to the ventrals.) Citharichthys ventralis, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 592, deep waters of Gulf of Mexico. (Coll. Albatross.) Arnoglossus ? ventralis, JORDAN & GOss, Review Flounders and Soles, 262, 1889. Trichopsetta ventralis, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 440, pl. 109, fig. 372, 1896. 1048. SYACIUM, Ranzani. Syacium, RANZANI, Novis Speciebus Piscium, Diss. Sec., 20,1840 (mierwrum). Hemirhombus, BLEEKER, Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Amsterd., xi, Pleuron., 4, 1862 (guineénsis) . Aramaca, JORDAN & Goss, in JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 133, 1885 (petula). Body elliptic-ovate, much compressed; interorbital space broad in the males and more or less concave, narrowed in the female; mouth moderate, the gape curved; teeth in-the upper jaw biserial, in the lower uniserial ; the front teeth of the upper jaw enlarged; vomer toothless; scales rather large, ciliate; lateral line without arch in front; pectoral fins on both sides present; septum of gill cavity below gill arches without foramen; a deep emargination near the isthmus; gill rakers short and thick; dorsal low, its anterior rays not elevated; pectorals both present; caudal sub- sessile; no anal spine; pectorals produced in the males; ventral fins short, that of colored side on ridge of abdomen. This genus contains a consid- erable number of species, mostly American and African, which form a transition from Platophrys to Citharichthys. They fall readily into 2 groups distinguished by the width of the interorbital space. As this width is dependent on age, and as it is subject to various intergradations, the group Aramaca founded on it can not be admitted as a distinct genus. (6udxuz1or, diminutive of 60aé, a kind of pulse, the application unexplained.) a. Snout and orbits without spines or spinous processes. b. Seales rather large, 50 to 57 in the lateral line; interorbital space broad. Color nearly plain brown, with darker dots or mottlings, no ring-like spots or ocelli; fins mottled; left pectoral barred; blind side sometimes wholly or partly dusky, especially in northern specimens. PAPILLOSUM, 3040. bb. Seales rather small, 58 to 70 in the lateral line. ec. Scales 65 to 70. Color dark brown, with many rings and spots of light gray and blackish, some of the dark rings with a black central spot; a dif. fuse dusky blotch on lateral line above pectoral, and 1 near base of eaudal pedunele; fins with numerous inky spots and dark markings; blind side pale. MICRURUM, 3041, cc. Scales 58 to 60. Jordan and Evermann,.—Fishes of North America, 2671 d. Interorbital space in male broader thaneye. Color light brown, with grayish and light bluish dots, some darker areas, and a few round brown spots ocellated with lighter; interorbital space with a _ vertical brown bar bordered by lighter; fins mottled aud spotted. LATIFRONS, 3042. dd. Interorbital space not broader than pupil. Color light olive brown, nearly uniform, the vertical fins with elongate dark spots. OVALE, 3043. 3040. SYACIUM PAPILLOSUM (Linnzus). Head 33 in length; depth 2}. D.82; A.63 to 70; scales 53; eye 5 in head; maxillary 2}; pectoral of eyed side 1}; caudal 12. Body elliptic-ovate, the anterior profile regularly decurved, forming an.angle above the snout; mouth rather large, arched; maxillary extending to below middle of eye, its posterior end concave; teeth in upper jaw in 2 series, some of the outer forming small canines; lower teeth in 1 row; eye large, 4 in head; lower eye in advance of upper, especially in the adult; interorbital space broad, concave, greater than the long diameter of the eye in the males, about equal to the vertical diameter in the females; accessory scales very numer- ous; mandible, maxillary, and interorbital with scales; gill rakers short, scarcely as long as pupil, about 2+ 8; dorsal rather low, beginning slightly in front of lower eye, the first 3 or 4 rays on blind side, the anterior rays produced beyond the membrane; ventrals with moderate base, that of eyed side on ridge of body, that of blind side slightly in advance of its mate; anal beginning a little in advance of pectoral; pectoral of eyed side pointed behind, the upper rays filamentous (at least in the male); caudal double truncate. Vertebrie 10 + 2636. Color nearly plain brown, with darker dots or mottlings, no ring-like spots or ocelli; fins mottled; left pectoral barred; blind side sometimes wholly or partly dusky, espe- cially in northern specimens. Charleston to Rio Janeiro, in rather deep water. Here described from an adult specimen from Charleston, a foot in length. Of the species found in the deep waters about Pensacola, and called by Dr. Bean Hemirhombus petulus, we have numerous specimens. Lately we have received from Mr. Charles C. Leslie, of Charleston, a specimen which shows its presence also in Carolina waters. It has not yet been recorded from Cuba, but in the Museum of Comparative Zoology is a specimen (26104) taken by Mr. Samuel Garman, at Kingston, Saint Vincent. But its range extends much farther to the southward, for among the collections made by Professor Agassiz, at Rio Janeiro, there are many specimens (11375, 4666), the largest about a foot long. These seem to be completely identical with Florida examples, differing only in having the blind side pale, it being usually partly blackish in northern samples. These Brazilian specimens agree very closely with the figure of Rhombus soleeformis, except that Agassiz has represented that species as having a dusky blotch at the shoulder. No such marking is apparent in any of our specimens. The coloration and the breadth of the inter- orbital both render it unlikely that Agassiz’s soleewformis could have been micrurum. The Aramaca of Marcgrave, which is the sole basis of Pleuronectes papillosus. Pleuronectes macrolepidotus, and Rhombus aramaca, can not well be any known species other than the present one. According 2672 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. to Maregrave’s rude figure and his description, this species has the form of a sole, the eyes wide apart, the left pectoral produced, the mouth very large, the body oblong, and the coloration stone-like (sand color) on the left side and white on the eyed side. Syacium micrurum is not colored in that way, and its eyes are not noticeably far apart. We therefore adopt for this species the oldest name, Syacium papillosum. (papillosus, having papille.) Aramaca, MARCGRAVE, Hist. Brasil., 181, 1648, Brazil. Pleuronectes papillosus, LINN2EUS, Syst. Nat., X, 271, 1758, Brazil; based on MARCGRAVE. ? Pleuronectes macrolepidotus, BLocH, Auslindische Fishe, VI, 25, tab. 190, 1787; apparently based on MARCGRAVE. Pleuronectes aramaca, DONNDORF, Beitriige zur Ausgabe des Linnzischen Natursystems, XII, 386, 1798; after MARCGRAVE. Rhombus aramaca, CUVIER, Régne Animal, Ed. 2, 11,341, 1829; after MARCGRAVE. Rhombus solewformis, AGASSIZ, Spix, Pisce. Brasil., 86, tab. 47, 1829, Atlantic Ocean. Hippoglossus intermedius, RANZANI, Novis Speciebus Piscium Dissertatio Secundo, 1840, 14, pl. 4, Brazil. Hemirhombus soleewformis, GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., Iv, 423, 1862. Hemirhombus petulus, BEAN MS., JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 304, Pen- sacola (Coll. Silas Stearns); GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 414; BEAN, Cat. Coll. Fish U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 45. Citharichthys aramaca, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 816, 1883. Citharichthys petulus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 964, 1883; JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 38; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 448, pl. 109, fig. 373, 1896. Aramaca papillosa, JORDAN, Proc. U,S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 602; synonymy confused with S. mierurum. Aramaca solewformis, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 602. Syacium papillosum, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 268, 1889. 3041, SYACIUM MICRURUM, Ranzani. Head 34 in length; depth 22. D. 87 to 92; A. 54 to 68; scales 65 to 70 (pores); eye 4in head; maxillary 2} to 3. Form regularly elliptical, the profile evenly convex to end of snout; eyes large, nearly even in front, the male with the interorbital space deeply concave, its width % the vertical depth of the eye (or more in Brazilian specimens) ; female with interorbital area much narrower, with a more or less perfect median groove, its width about equal to depth of pupil; mouth small, the maxillary reaching to below middle of eye; teeth small, slender, in 2 rows above, in 1 row below, the outer series in upper jaw somewhat enlarged, but hardly canine-like; gillrakers very short and thick, about 1+7innumber. Scales small, firm, moderately ctenoid; pectoral 14 in head in the female, reaching nearly to base of caudal in the male; vertebre 9 + 24—33. Color dark brown, with many rings and spots of light gray and blackish, some of the dark rings with a black central spot; a diffuse dusky blotch on lateral line above pectoral, and 1 near base of caudal peduncle; fins with numerous inky spots and dark markings; blind side pale. West Indian fauna, Key West to Rio Janeiro; rather common. We have found in the Museum of Comparative Zoology specimens purporting to be the types of Hemirhom- bus ocellatus, Poey (No. 11144; Poey’s number, 88). These are female examples, and they differ from the types of Hemirhombus ethalion, obtained in Cuba by Dr. Jordan, only in their greater size. Numerous Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2673 specimens (11573) from Rio Janeiro belong to the same species. Among these are males, which have the interorbital space much broader than in the types of ocellatus and ethalion. Besides these specimens we have examined others from Hayti, Cuba, and Key West, and there can be no reasonable doubt of their identity, and that all are identical with Giinther’s Hemirhombus aramaca. This fish is described and fairly well figured by Ranzani under the name of Syacium micrurum. Tt is the type of his genus Syacium, a generic name which, strangely enough, has received no notice from subsequent authors until lately. (sz%pds, small; ova, tail.) Syacitum micrurum, RANZANI, Nov. Spec. Pisc. Diss. Sec., 20, pl. 5, 1840, Brazil; JorDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 269, 1889. ‘ Hinpoglossus ocellatus, PoEY, Memorias, II, 314, 1860, Cuba. Hemirhombus aramaca, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 42, 1862, Cuba; Jamaica; not Rhombus aramacea, CUVIER. Citharichthys ethalion, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886,52, Havana. (Type, No.37748. Coll. D. S. Jordan.) Hemirhombus ocellatus, POoEY, Synopsis, 407, 1868; Porky, Enumeratio, 138, 1875. Citharichthys ocellatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 964, 1883; JORDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 143. Hemirhombus ethalion, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 602. 3042. SYACIUM LATIFRONS (Jordan & Gilbert). Head 4; depth 2}. D.92; A. 72; scales 60. Body elliptical, the dorsal and ventral outlines equally arched; mouth placed low, below axis of body; snout with an abrupt constriction in front of upper orbit, the out- line then again convex; eyes on left side, distant, the lower in advance of the upper; a vertical line from anterior margin of upper orbit passing through middle of lower; distance of upper eye from dorsal outline equal- ing } its vertical diameter; interorbital space concave, very wide, its width 14 times diameter of orbit in a specimen 8 inches long, much narrower in the young; a ridge from upper angle in lower eye runs upward and backward to join a ridge from upper orbit. Nostrils on a level with upper margin of lower eye, the anterior with a flap, distant from the posterior, which is circular; length of snout to front of lower eye 44 to 5 in head; mouth very oblique, the gape convex upward and backward; maxillary 2 length of head, reaching to middle of lower pupil, very narrow and covered with small scales; teeth small, the upper jaw with 2 series, the front teeth of the outer series somewhat enlarged; lower jaw with a single series; vomer and palatines toothless; gill rakers short and broad, the longest about } vertical diameter of pupil; about 7 on anterior limb of arch; pseudobranchie present; preopercle with pos- terior margin nearly vertical, only the lower third free, the upper + grown fast to opercle and scaled over; the lower margin running very obliquely downward and forward, the angle thus an obtuse one; dorsal fin com- mencing on the snout in front of upper eye, the first 4 or 5 rays exserted and turned over to the blind side; the highest rays are behind the middle of the fin and are about ? length of head; anal fin similar to dorsal, its origin under base of pectorals; candal short, about % length of head, the middle rays the longest, the outer rays slightly prolonged; ventrals un- 2674 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. symmetrical, that of colored side on the ridge of the abdomen, the other inserted in front of it; pectoral of colored side long, the rays very slender, the two upper prolonged and filamentous, the upper (in adults) more than + total length; pectoral of blind side more than 4 of length of head; scales ciliated, somewhat irregular, of moderate size, with small scales inter- mixed; snout naked, head and body otherwise scaly; scales on interor- bital region very small; a series of small scales on basal half of each dor- sal and anal ray; base of caudal thickly scaled, a series of small scales running nearly to tip of each ray, lateral line slightly rising anteriorly, — but without distinct curve. Color light brown, with grayish and light bluish dots, some darker areas and a fewround brown spots ocellated with lighter; interorbital space with a vertical brown bar bordered by lighter; fins mottled and spotted. This species is known only from the original types, taken by Professor Gilbert at Panama. The several variations in this species have not been studied. The species differs from Syaciwm ovale chiefly in the much broader interorbital space. We should regard this as unquestionably the adult male of S. ovale were it not that in making large collections of the latter species at Mazatlan we found not one referable to S. latifrons. (latus, broad; frons, forehead.) Citharichthys latifrons, JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1881, 334, Panama. (Coll. C. H. Gilbert.) Syacium latifrons, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 271, 1889. 3043. SYACIUM OVALE (Giinther). Head 33 in length; depth 2;. D.86; A.69; scales 58; eye 4} in head; maxillary 22; pectoral 14; caudal 1}. Body elliptic-ovate, body outline from snout to caudal peduncle uniform, the snout not produced; mouth moderate; maxillary concave behind, reaching to middle of pupil of lower eye; lower jaw slightly included; teeth biserial in upper jaw, the inner series small and sharp, the outer much larger, irregular, uniserial in lower jaw; the lower eye slightly in advance of the upper; interorbital space narrow, as broad as pupil, concave; gill rakers as long as pupil, 2+ 8 in number. Scales strongly ctenoid; scales on mandible, maxillary, and a few in front of interorbital, the middle of which is naked; lateral line not curved. Dorsal beginning slightly in front of upper eye on blind side, the anterior rays produced a little beyond membrane; base of ventral of blind side wider than that of eyed side; caudal double lunate. Color light olive brown, nearly uniform, the vertical fins with elongate dark spots; caudal with large, irregular black spots. Pacific coast of tropical America; common at Mazatlan and Panama. Here described from speci- mens 6 or 7 inches in Jength, collected at Mazatlan, Mexico, by the Hop- kins expedition to Sinaloa. None of these shows the broad interorbital area of Syacium latifrons. (ovalis, oval.) Hemirhombus ovalis, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864, 154, Panama; GUNTHER, Fish. Centr. Amer., 472, pl. 80, fig. 1, 1869; JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1882, 108-111. Citharichthys ovalis, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 391. Syacium ovale, JORDAN & GOss, Review Flounders and Soles, 271, 1889. Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2675 1049. CYCLOPSETTA, Gill. Cyclopsetta, GILL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., x1, 1888, 601 (jimbriata). Mouth very large; jaws squarely truncated behind; teeth uniserial, those of the upper jaw moderate, of lower jaw enlarged and largest at sides; dorsal and anal almost symmetrical, dorsal commencing in front of eye on snout, scarcely deflected on blind side; caudal slightly peduncu- late and convex; pectorals subequal and with a subtruncate free margin; ventrals nearly equal, the left on the preanal ridge, the right lateral, each with the inner ray connected by membrane to the body; interbranchial membrane imperforate; gill rakers tubercular and surmounted by blunt denticles. This genus differs from Azevia only in the smooth scales. (xvdxAos, circle; wrra, flounder, from the cycloid scales.) a. Dorsal rays 91 to 95; anal 73 to 75; scales 90 to 95. Color nearly plain, the fins blotched. QUERNA, 3044. aa. Dorsal rays 80 to 82; anal 62; dorsal and anal with dark ocelli. b. Scales small, about 90; pectoral fin uncolored; anterior dorsal rays scarcely produced. CHITTENDENI, 3045. bb. Seales larger, about 70; pectoral fin with black ocellus; anterior rays of dor- sal somewhat produced. FIMBRIATA, 3046. 3044. CYCLOPSETTA QUERNA (Jordan & Bollman). Head 34 to 32; depth 24. D.91 to 95; A. 73 to 75; scales along lateral line 90 to 95. Body shaped as in Azevia panamensis. Mouth large, maxil- lary 14in head. Teeth as in A.panamensis, in single series, rather long and slender, the anterior somewhat more enlarged. Snout 5 in head, its tip hooked over the lower jaw so that the outer canines project. Interorbital space rather narrow, slightly concave, with a few small scales, its width a little less than pupil, + diameter of eye. Eyes moderate, 54 in head, the upper somewhatin advance. Gill rakers short and broad, as in 4. panamen- sis, each with 3 or 4 strong teeth. Scales small, cycloid on both sides, those below pectorals more reduced than in A. panamensis, about 65 in a cross series; anterior part of lateral line bent slightly upward, this por- tion about 34 in straight part. Dorsal beginning above and between the nostrils, the anterior rays short, but with free tips; longest ray 24 in head; pectoral of eye side 14 to 2 in head, of blind side 24 to 24; ventrals sub- equal, each 6-rayed, 24 in head, extending 4 their length beyond vent. Color plain brown, unspotted; fins dusky, thickly punctulate; young with 2 large oval indistinct dark spots on dorsal and anal; 3 on caudal, of which the middle is much larger. Distinguished from dA. panamensis (Steindachner) by having much smaller cycloid scales on eyed side and by its plain coloration. Coast of Colombia. Numerous specimens, the lar- gest about 8 inches in length, were dredged in 7 fathoms at Albatross Station 2800 and in 16 fathoms at Station 2802. (quernus, oaken, i. e., tanned. ) Azevia querna, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U.S: Nat. Mus. 1889, 174, Pacific Ocean off coast of Colombia, at Albatross Station 2802, Lat. 8° 38’ N., Long. 79° 31’ 30'' W. (Type, No. 41159.) 2676 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 3045. CYCLOPSETTA CHITTENDENT, B. A. Bean. Head 34 in body; depth 24. D. 82; A. 62; scales 90; eye 5 in head. Mouth widely cleft, oblique, the jaws curved; cleft of mouth less than 2 in head. Teeth of each jaw in a single series, those of lower jaw strong and sharp, curved inward and backward, those of upper jaw not so large, and very irregular in size. Ventral fins well developed, that of eyed side being on abdominal ridge, and about # as long as pectoral; pectorals 4 as long as head, their length equaling a little more than 4 of body depth, posterior margin oblique; gill rakers very short, tubercular, almost as broad as long, 3 or4-++8in number. Color brown; fins lighter, marked with blackish; 3 small faint blotches of black on first half of dorsal fin, and 3 rather distinct blotches on second half, last blotch extending to caudal peduncle; anal fin with 3 black blotches situated as and similar to those of dorsal fin; ventral of eyed side blackish, that of blind side pale; caudal fin with 3 black spots at its extremity; pectoral fin of colored side blackish; quite a large blotch of black on body under this fin. This species is distinguished from Cyclopsetta fimbriata by its shorter head, smaller and closely adhering scales, larger teeth, the little-produced anterior dorsal rays and by the oblique posterior margin of the pectorals. In C. fimbriata the scales are rather large and deciduous, the teeth small, the anterior rays of the dorsal considerably produced, and the posterior margin of the pectoral is subtruncate. A single specimen collected by Dr. John F. Chittenden, of the Victoria Institute, Port of Spain, Trinidad Island, and named in his honor. It is 7} inches in length. (B. A. Bean.) OCyclopsetta chittendeni, B. A. BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1894, 635, Trinidad. (Type, No. 44100. Coll. Dr. Chittenden.) 8046. CYCLOPSETTA FIMBRIATA (Goode & Bean). Head 3} in length; depthnearly 2. D.80; A.60o0r61; pectoral 10; ven- tral 6; scales 25-70-31; maxillary 2 in head; caudal 4* in total length; pectoral 54. Mouth very large, the upper jaw strongly curved, lower jaw included; teeth uniserial in each jaw, some of the anterior ones in the upper jaw being much larger than those following, while those in the lower jaw are still larger than these, some of the teeth in each jaw de- pressed; upper eye placed at a distance from profile equal to 4 its own diameter, which is a little less than 5 in head; eyes in the same vertical; interorbital ridge low, 4 in eye; gill rakers very short, tubercular, about 9 on lower part of angle. Scales cycloid; curve of lateral line slight, curve 34 in straight part. Dorsal beginning on snout in advance of nos- trils, first ray higher than second, highest rays behind middle of fin; ori- gin of anal under base of pectoral, its highest rays behind middle of fin, higher than highest dorsal rays; ventral of eyed side on ridge of abdo- men; middle caudal rays produced. Color grayish brown; dorsal and anal fins each with 2 round dark blotches upon their posterior halves, which are slightly larger than eye; a similar dark blotch upon middle of caudal, sometimes with smaller blotches irregularly placed near its outer margin; pectoral with a very narrow dark band near its base, whole of outer half marked with a dark blotch, reticulated and mottled with Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2677 lighter; intervening portion pearly white with dark specks upon the rays; blind side cream colored. Deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. (Goode & Bean.) (jfimbriatus, fringed; from the produced dorsal rays.) Hemirhombus jimbriatus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 591, deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico, between Mississippi Delta and Cedar Keys. (Type, No. 37330. Coll. Albatross.) Arnoglossus ? fimbriatus, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 262, 1889. Cyclopsetta fimbriata, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Icthyology, 451, fig. 368, 1896. 1050. AZEVIA, Jordan. Azevia, JORDAN, in JORDAN & Goss. Review Flounders and Soles, 271, 1889 (panamensis). Body elliptical, compressed, covered with small, firm, ctenoid scales; mouth. large; teeth in both jaws uniserial; vomer without teeth; gill rakers very short and thick, tubercle-like; interorbital space very narrow in both sexes, the ridges coalescing between the eyes; lateral line without arch in front; ventrals free from the anal; septum of gill cavity below gill arches, without foramen; a deep emargination near isthmus. None of the fins especially modified or with elongaterays. This genus differs from Citharichthys in its tubercular gill rakers, as also in its small, firm scales, and other characters of minor importance. (Azevia, a Portuguese name for the sole, used at Lisbon, according to Brito-Capello. It probably cor- responds to the Cuban name Acedia.) 3047. AZEVIA PANAMENSIS (Steindachner). Head 3} in length; depth 2}. D.95; A.73 to 78; scales 73 to 78; eye 5 in head; maxillary 2; pectoral 13; caudal 4. Body rather elongate; ante- rior profile evenly convex; mouth large, the maxillary reaching to poste- rior border of eye, the upper jaw somewhat hooked over the lower; about 3 teeth in upper jaw enlarged and hooked, canines in lower jaw long and sharp; eyes about even in head; interorbital space very narrow, less than diameter of pupil, a ridge along its middle; gill rakers divided into many sharp points around its edge, very short, as wide as long, about 4+ 9in number. Scales on posterior part of interorbital, maxillary, and mandible; tip of snout, the greater part of interorbital, and tip of lower jaw naked; scales all strongly ctenoid; lateral line not curved anteriorly. Origin of dorsal at the vertical between tip of snout and front of eyes, scarcely on blind side, the anterior rays somewhat produced beyond mem- brane, the fin rather low; origin of anal below angle of opercle; pecto- rals short, that of eyed side pointed, its mate of the opposite side broadly rounded behind; candal double lunate. Here described from a specimen collected by the Hopkins Expedition to Sinaloa, at Mazatlan, Mexico, about 11 inches in length. We have also examined specimens from Panama, in the museum at Cambridge, a part of the series of Dr. Stein- dachner’s original types. Pacific coast of Central America; common at Mazatlan and Panama. (panamensis, from Panama.) Citharichthys panamensis, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., 111, 62,1875, Panama; JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U.S, Fish Comm, 1882, 108 and 111; GILBERT, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1882, 112. : Azevia panamensis, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 272, 1889; JORDAN, Proce. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 503. 2678 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 1051. CITHARICHTHYS,* Bleeker. (WHIFFS. ) Citharichthys, BLEEKER, Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Amsterd., x1, Pleuronectoidei, 6, 1862 (cayennensis — spilopterus). Orthopsetta, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1862, 330 (sordidus). Metoponops, G1LL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 198 (cooperi— sordidus). Eyes and color on the left side. Body oblong; mouth of the large type, but comparatively small, with 1 series of small, sharp teeth in each jaw; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Gill rakers moderate, slender. Dorsal fin beginning just in front of eye; all the fin rays simple; ventrals of colored side on the ridge of the abdomen; no anal spine; caudal fin con- vex or double truncate behind; none of the fins produced. Scales thin, deciduous, slightly ctenoid. Lateral line nearly straight, simple. Lower pharyngeals separate, each with a single row of teeth. Vertebre 30 to 40, This genus includes small flounders of weak organization, espe- cially characteristic of the sandy shores of tropical America. The sub- genus Orthopsetta includes species of more northern range and somewhat different form, and especially noteworthy as having an increased num- ber of vertebre. The two groups intergrade so perfectly that no sharp line of division can be drawn between them. (Citharus, an allied genus; 7x9vs, fish—a fish which lies on its ~2apos, or ribs; that is, on its side.) ORTHOPSETTA (dp66s, straight; y7r7a, flounder) : a. Vertebre 37 to 40; interorbital ridge sharply elevated; the head not closely com- pressed; eyes large; species of the North Pacific. b. Interocular space concave, scaly, at least behind. c. Gill rakers x + 16 to 18. d. Seales 65 to 70; dorsal rays 95; anal 77; depth 24. SORDIDUS, 3048. dd. Scales 46 to 50; dorsal rays 83 to 87; anual 67 to 70; depth 23 in length. FRAGILIS, 3049. cc. Gill rakers +10 or 11; dorsal rays about 84; anal 65; scales 50; depth 24 in length. XANTHOSTIGMUS, 3050. bb. Interocular space a sharp, naked ridge; dorsal rays 85 to 90; anal 68 to 72; scales 55 to 60; head 33 in length; depth 2}. STIGMUS, 3051. CITHARICHTHYS: aa. Vertebrie 33 to 36; interorbital ridge low and narrow, the head closely compressed. Species of the Atlantic or the Tropics. e. Eyes large, 3 to 44 in head. f. Head large, 3 to 34 in length. g. Interorbital space very narrow, 5 in eye; snout with aspine; pectoral of eyed side elongate, } longer than head; maxillary 24 in head. D.91; A.73; scales 48. DINOCEROS, 3052. gg. Interorbital space very broad, 2 in eye; snout without spine; pec- toral of eyed side shorter than head; maxillary 24in head. D. 78; A.62; scales 43. : PLATOPHRYS, 3053. ff. Head smaller, about 4 in length. h. Body comparatively elongate, the depth about 24 in length; mouth very small; the maxillary 3} in head; dorsal rays 83; anal 67; scales 40; eye 4 in head. ARCTIFRONS, 38054. *“As the name Citharichthys was introduced a short time before that of Orthopsetta, proposed for the Psettichthys sordidus, and was framed for a species related to that type, ne name must be adopted if the O. sordida is not regarded as genericaliy distinct.” (Gill.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2679 hh. Body comparatively broad, the depth about 4 the length; mouth larger. i. Snout with a strong, sharp spine on eyed side, above upper lip; eyes large, 3 in head; greatest depth of body over the pec- torals ; interorbital space with a wide ridge, about 4 diame- ter of eye. D.74; A.60; scales 40. UNICORNIS, 3055. wi. Snout without distinct spine; eyes moderate, 34 to 44 in head; greatest depth of body under middle of dorsal; interorbi- tal space a narrow, scaly ridge with a slight median groove; maxillary 24 in head; teeth small, those in front slightly enlarged; body not very thin; gill rakers moderate, 6 + 13. j. Dorsal rays 68; anal 52; scales smaller, the lateral line with about 53 pores; sides with whitish blotches. , UHLERTI, 3056. jj. Dorsal rays 80; anal 56; scales large, 41 in lateral line; sides and fins with dark blotches. MACROPS, 3057. ee. Eyes quite small, 5 to 6 in head; snout short, forming an angle with the pro- file; mouth moderate, oblique, the maxillary 24 to 23 in head; teeth small, the anterior somewhat enlarged; dorsal rays about 80; anal rays 60; body and fins speckled. k. Seales not very large, 45 to 48 in lateral line; gill rakers long and slender, longer than pupil. SPILOPTERUS, 3058. kk. Scales large, 40 to 46 in lateral line; gill rakers short, not longer than pupil. GILBERTI, 3059. Subgenus ORTHOPSETTA, Gill. 3048, CITHARICHTHYS SORDIDUS (Girard). (Sorr FLOUNDER.) Head 32; depth 24. D.95; A. 77; scales 65 to 70. Form elliptical; inter- ocular space concave, scaly, a conspicuous sharp ridge above the lower eye; mouth not large, the maxillary about 3 in length of head; teeth anteriorly subequal, growing much smaller behind. Gill rakers about 7+16. Lower pharyngeals narrow, each with 1 row of slender teeth. Seales rather large, thin, and membranaceous, readily deciduous, their edges slightly ciliate; accessory scales numerous. Eye large, much longer than snout, 3} in head; depth of caudal peduncle less than 4 head; pec- torals long, nearly # length of head. Vertebre 11+ 29—40. Dull olive brownish of varying shade, the males with dull orange spots and blotches; each scale with a darker edge; dorsal and anal fins in the male blackish, with dull orange blotches, and edged anteriorly with yellowish; female paler, the fins nearly plain. Pacific coast of North America, in water of moderate depth; British Columbia to Lower California. This small flounder is one of the commonest species on the Pacific coast, being found in water of 10 fathoms or more depth in all localities from the Mex- ican boundary to British Columbia. Although much larger in size than any other species of the genus, it rarely exceeds 2 pounds in weight. In its deciduous scales and soft flesh it much resembles Lyopsetta exilis and Atheresthes stomias, 2 species which are often taken in company with it. Of all the species of Citharichthys, this one has the most extended range to the northward. (sordidus, sordid, from its dull coloration.) 2680 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Psettichthys sordidus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vit, 1854, 142, San Francisco; Tomales Bay; GIRARD, U.S. Pac. R. R. Surv.. x, Fishes, 155, 1858. Metoponops cooperi, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 198, Santa Barbara; shrivelled specimen. (Type, No. 9407.} Orthopsetta sordida, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1862, 330. Citharichthys sordidus, LOCKINGTON, Rep. Com. Fisheries of California, 1878-79, 42; Lock- INGTON, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 83; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 453; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 67; JorDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 817, 1883; BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 353; Jorpan & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 274, 1889. 3049. CITHARICHTHYS FRAGILIS, Gilbert. Head 3? to 32 in length; depth 23 to 2% (in specimens 5 inches long.) D. 83 to 87; A.67 to 70; scales 46 to 50. Vertebre 10+ 27. Body elongate, posteriorly sharply wedge-shaped, tapering to base of caudal; anterior profile very conspicuously angulated above front of upper eye, the snout strongly projecting, its anterior profile nearly vertical; depth of caudal peduncle 27 in head. Anterior nostril with a short tube and flap, the latter nearly obsolete on blind side. Mouth more oblique than in C. sordidus; maxillary reaching vertical from front of pupil, 2% to2? in head. Teeth in a single series, close set, those anteriorily somewhat enlarged, but none of them canine-like. Eyes large, the vertical from front margin of upper eye falling through front of lower pupil; longest diameter of upper orbit 2% in head; interorbital space narrow, concave, scaled, the lower ridge strongest, its width about 4 diameter of orbit. Symphyseal knob sharp. Gill rakers long, slender, close set (as in C. sordidus), 18 on anterior limb of arch, the longest 4 orbit. Scales large, deciduous, somewhat irregularly arranged, 12 or 13 series above lateral line; scales smooth on blind side, minutely spinous on eyed side; lateral line with- out anterior arch. Dorsal beginning slightly in advance of eye, the long- est ray } head; pectorals long and narrow, with 11 rays on colored side. Color dusky olivaceous, with occasional slaty-blue spots. This species is closely related to C. sordidus, from which it differs in the fewer vertebra and fin rays and in the larger scales. Many specimens from the Gulf of California in from 18 to 76 fathoms, at Albatross Stations 3011, 3016 to 3018, and 3033. (Gilbert.) (fragilis, fragile.) Citharichthys fragilis, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 120, Gulf of California, east coast of Lower California. (Type, No. 44409. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) 3050. CITHARICHTHYS XANTHOSTIGMUS, Gilbert. D. 81 to 86; A. 63 to 67; scales 50. Vertebre 11-+26. Body deep, varying from 2} (in young, 3 inches long) to 2;\; (7 inches long) in length of body. Profile angulated above front of upper eye, the snout convexly projecting. Depth of caudal peduncle } head. Lower eye in advance, the vertical from front of the upper passing through front of lower pupil. Mouth rather small, the outline somewhat curved, the maxillary reaching the vertical from front of lower pupil, 3 to 3} in head; mandible with a sharp downward-directed point at symphysis. Teeth in a single close-set series in each jaw, growing slightly larger anteriorly, but without canines. Jordan aud Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2681 Anterior nostril with a short tube, and a narrow flap arising from its inneredge. Interorbital width 3% to 5 in orbit, slightly concave, the lower ridge much stronger and higher than the upper, scaled posteriorly. Eye large, the orbit 3} to 3% in head. Gill rakers rather long and slender, coarsely dentate on inner margin, distant, 10 or 11 on anterior limb of arch. Scales large, in regular series, appearing cycloid, but the edges very minutely spinous; lateral line gently rising on anterior 4, but without curve; fifty vertical series of scales, with as many pores in lat- eral line; 13 to 15 horizontal series above lateral line. Dorsal beginning immediately behind posterior nostril of blind side, ending so as to leave caudal peduncle free for a distance equaling } diameter of eye; ventrals long, reaching beyond origin of anal; pectoral very long and slender, normally with 9 rays, the longest ray on colored side longer than head, about 4 length of body. Color light olive brown, irregularly flecked with slaty, and with numerous bright yellow spots broadly ocellated with brownish black, a series of these usually on lateral line, and 2 others halfway between it and the dorsal and ventral outlines, respectively, those of the latter series forming pairs; fins not conspicuously marked, the pectorals sometimes with faint broad dusky cross bars. Both coasts of Lower California. In external appearance the species closely resembles C. sordidus, to which, however, it is not closely related, differing in num- ber of scales, fin rays, and vertebrie, and in the size and number of gill rakers. (Gilbert.) Many specimens, from Albatross Stations 3039, 3043, and 3044, in 47 to 74 fathoms. (éav4ds, yellow; 6riysua, spot.) Citharichthys xanthostigma, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 120, Gulf of California, west coast of Lower California, and Magdalena Bay. (Type, No. 44408. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) 3051. CITHARICHTHYS STIGMEUS, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 3} in length without caudal; depth 2}; dorsal 87; anal 68; scales 54 (pores). Body moderately deep, the 2 profiles regularly and equally arched; snout short, gibbous, projecting a little beyond the outline; caudal peduncle very short, not high, its length (from end of last verte- bra to vertical from last anal ray) about 2 its height, which is # length of head; caudal fin appearing sessile. Mouth moderate, very oblique, the maxillary reaching beyond front of pupil, 2? in head; teeth in a single series, subequal in the two jaws, rather long, very slender and nu- merous, decreasing toward angle of mouth; about 40 teeth in the upper jaw, and 30 in the lower on blind side. Eyes large, close together, sepa- rated by a narrow, sharp, scaleless ridge; the upper eye largest, slightly behind the lower, with considerable vertical range; diameter of upper eye 34in head. Snout and lower jaw scaleless; end of maxillary and rest of head scaled. Gill rakers moderate, not strong, about 9 on anterior limb. Dorsal fin beginning on the vertical from front of upper eye, the first 3 rays being somewhat turned to blind side; the fin low, the highest at beginning of its posterior third, the longest ray nearly 4 length of head; anal spine present, very small; caudal rounded, about equalling length of head; pectoral of colored side 12 in head, of blind side, 24, Scales 3030—91 2682 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, moderate, those forming the lateral line persistent, the others deciduous, those on colored side with ciliated margins, on blind side smooth; lateral line without anterior curve, the scales crowded and smaller anteriorly. Color in spirits uniform olivaceous, the scales dark edged; lips and some of the membrane bones of head margined with blackish; fins dusky, each seventh (to tenth) ray of vertical fins with a very small but conspicuous black spot on its middle. The above description is from the original type from Santa Barbara. Numerous specimens dredged by the Albatross in 9 to 41 fathoms off the coast of California show the following characters: Gill rakers +9. Specimens 5 mm. long show white spots each with a black half ring on the outer side symmetrically arranged along bases of dorsal and anal; 4 distinct pairs of these, 2 unpaired ones more anteriorly along dorsal base, and a few fainter ones midway between these rows and the lateral line and alternating with them; there are some other scattered light spots. The abdomen is covered by a broad black streak; this, however, is wanting in specimens larger and smaller. Coast of California; rare; in rather deep water. The original type of this species is a young example, taken near Santa Barbara by Capt. Andrea Larco. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology are other specimens collected by Mr. Cary at San Francisco. These have 72 anal rays, while the original type had but 68. A few other specimens have been since obtained. Some of theseare full of spawn at a length of 5 inches. (677yaios, speckled.) Citharichthys stigmeus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 410, 411, Santa Barbara (Coll. A. Larco. Type, 31099 U.S. Nat. Mus.); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 965, 1883; JoRDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 274, 1889; GILBERT, Rept. U. S. Fish. Comm. 1893 (1896) 473. Subgenus CITHARICHTHYS. 3052. CITHARICHTHYS DINOCEROS, Goode & Bean. Head 3} in length; depth 24. D. 91; A. 73; scales 14-48-16; eye 34 in head; maxillary a little less than 2; greatest height of dorsal 2; pec- toral 2} in body; caudal 53. Teeth uniserial in both jaws, those in the front much the largest; a strong spine upon the snout overhanging the upper lip, above this a second shorter spine; interorbital very narrow, its width less than 5 in eye, ridge rather prominent, narrow, sharp. Scales thin, deciduous, cycloid, large; lateral line slightly curved over the pecto- ral. Dorsal beginning on snout, in advance of eye, upon the blind side, its highest rays behind the middle; origin of anal under base of pectoral; third and fourth pectoral rays upon the eyed side elongate, the fin } longer than its mate of the opposite side; caudal subsessile, pointed. Color gray- ish brown above, white below. Vertebrie 33 to 36. West Indies, in deep water. The type specimen, 92 mm. long to base of caudal, was taken by the Blake, off Guadeloupe; others were taken off St. Lucie and Barbados, from 310 to 955 fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) (d¢ezvos, terrible; xépas, horn.) Citharichthys dinoceros, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x1, No. 5, 157, 1886, off Martinique, St. Lucie, and Barbados; JorpaAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 275, 1889; GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 447, 1896. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2683 3053. CITHARICHTHYS PLATOPHRYS, Gilbert. Head 3; depth 2. D.78; A.62; scales 43. Body ovate; caudal fin sub- sessile, the free portion of caudal peduncle about $ as long as diameter of pupil, its depth 4 length of head. Mouth very oblique; maxillary 2} in head, reaching vertical from middle of lower eye. Teeth slender, close set, in a single series in each jaw, those in front of upper jaw largest, but not canine-like. Eyes large, the lower much in advance of the upper, their horizontal diameter 3}in head, Interorbital space very wide for the genus, concave, divided by an oblique ridge running backward from mid- de of upper orbit; interorbital width 8} in head, nearly 4 as wide as eye. Distance from tip of snout to front of lower eye } diameter of eye, from tip of snout to upper eye + head. Gill rakers short and very slender, less than diameter of pupil, 9 present on horizontal limb of outer arch. Scales large, those on blind side very weakly ctenoid. Dorsal beginning behind nostril on blind side of snout, its longest ray 2! in head; pectoral of eyed side long and narrow, 4 in length, containing 11 rays, that of blind side but } its length; ventrals short; caudal rounded, 1} in head. Color in spirits, uniform light brownish (olivaceous in life), without distinctive marks; fins somewhat dusky; ventral of eyed side jet-black, that of blind side blackish on distal portion of innerrays. (Gilbert.) One specimen known, from Albatross Station 2799, southwest of Panama. (zAaruvs, broad; opus, eyebrow.) ag Citharichthys platophrys, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 454, Albatross Station 2799, southwest of Panama. (Coll. Albatross.) ‘ 3054, CITHARICHTHYS ARCTIFRONS, Goode. Head 4 in body; depth 23. D.82; A.67; pectorals 9 or 10, 7; scales 8-40-8; eye 4 in head; maxillary 34; caudal 1. Body comparatively elongate; mouth small; teeth small, the anterior scarcely enlarged; interorbital space narrow, sharp, scaleless; scales cycloid, deciduous; small scales on the rays of the ventral fins; lateral, line sharply defined, straight. Dorsal beginning above front of upper eye, its highest ray about 3 times the distance from snout to first ray; origin of anal under base of pecto- ral; caudal subsessile, triangular; rays of vertical fins all exserted; pectoral inserted low, that of eyed side twice the length of the other. Color dirty light brown. Deep waters of the Gulf Stream. (arctus, con- tracted; frons, forehead.) Citharichthys aretifrons, GOODE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 341, 472, Gulf Stream off south- ern coast of New England; GoopE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. x, No.5, XIx, 194, 1883; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 818, 1883; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 275, 1889; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 442, fig. 366, 1896. 8055. CITHARICHTHYS UNICORNIS, Goode. Head 4 in length; depth a little less than length. D.74; A. 60; P. 4 (right), 10 (left); scales 12-40-12; eye 3 in head; maxillary scarcely 2; highest dorsal ray 2. Body deep, its greatest height over the pectorals; 2684 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. scales thin, deciduous; eye equal to snout or interorbital space; interor- bital with a strong ridge; teeth minute, close set, in a single series, _ stronger on the blind side; a strong, sharp spine on the snout at the anterior termination of the ridge at lower margin of upper eye; caudal pointed, triangular, subsessile; pectoral of left side twice as long as the eye, not } longer than right pectoral. Dorsal beginning at side of preor- bital spine, its anterior rays being slightly upon the blind side; anal equal to dorsal in height. Ashy gray, with dark lateral line; eyes black. (Goode.) Deep waters of the Gulf Stream. (unicornis, having one horn.) Citharichthys unicornis, GOODE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 342, Gulf Stream off south- east of New England; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 818, 1883; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 275, 1889; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 444, fig. 369, A & B, 1896. 3056. CITHARICHTHYS UHLERI, Jordan. D.68; A.52; scales 53 (pores). Body comparatively broad, regularly oval, without angle; greatest depth of body under middle of dorsal; eyes moderate, 44 in head, close together, the orbital ridges coalescent, the lower larger. Teeth small, uniserial; maxillary 2} in head; gill rakers short and very slender, +12. Color dark brown, with whitish blotches, the fins mottled. Hayti. A single specimen in the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology, 44 inches in length. The species is close to Citharichthys macrops, but its fin rays and scales are considerably more numerous than in the latter. (Named for Mr. Philip Reese Uhler, the well-known ento- mologist, its discoverer. ) Citharichthys uhleri, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 275, 1889, Hayti. (Coll. P. R. Uhler. Type in Mus. Comp. Zool.) 3057. CITHARICTHYS MACROPS, Dresel. Head 4in body; depthscarcely2. D.80; A.56; scales 14-41-16; lowereye 4in head; maxillary 2}; highest dorsal rays a little over 2; pectoral of eyed side 13; caudal 4 in body; vertebrae 9-4 25—34. Body suboval; upper pro- file very convex, descending in a sharp curve from nape to front of upper eye, and forming an abrupt angle with the short, blunt snout; mouth mod- erate, very oblique and curved; maxillary reaching to below middle of eye; teeth minute, uniserial, slightly larger on blind side; interorbital narrow, with a scaleless ridge, which curves upward and backward to upper angle of gill opening; upper eye very close to profile, its anterior margin on the same vertical line with lower; snout shorter than eye; gill rakers about 4 the length of eye,6+13 in number. Scales large, not ciliated, no acces- sory scales; origin of dorsal on blind side near tip of snout, anterior rays exserted, the first ray as long as eye, the fin highest at its middle portion; origin of anal under base of pectoral, its highest part a little higher than dorsal; caudal pointed; pectoral of blind side somewhat shorter than that of eyed side. Color in spirits, light-olive brown; body with some 20 dark- brown spots, the largest as large as eye, 4 of these arranged at equal inter- vals along the lateral line, the second near the middle the most prominent; dorsal and anal fins with a series of round, brown spots, 1 at the middle of every sixth or seventh ray, besides small irregular spots and mottlings; Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2685 caudal spotted and mottled with dark brown, and with 2 round, brown spots, 1 above the other at the base of the fin. (Dresel.) South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States; rather common; a well-marked species. We have examined several specimens dredged in the harbor of Beaufort, N. C., by Prof. Oliver P. Jenkins. (axpds, large; wy), eye.) : Citharichthys macrops, DRESEL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 539, Pensacola (Type No. 21500); JORPAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 29; JorpAN & Goss, Reyiew Flounders and Soles, 275, 1889. 3058. CITHARICHTHYS SPILOPTERUS, Giinther. Head 34in body; depth2j. D.75to 80; A.58 to 61; scales 45 to 48; eye 6 in head; maxillary 2}; pectoral 24; highest dorsal and anal rays 2; caudal 14. Body moderately elongate, much compressed; snout short, forming an angle with the profile; jaws strongly curved, the upper some- what hooked over the lower; lower jaw slightly included; maxillary reaching to posterior margin of lower orbit; teeth small, in a single row, the anterior a little enlarged; interorbital area a low, narrow ridge, which is divided only anteriorly; gill rakers short and rather slender, about 3 in eye, 4+12 in number; scales cycloid. Origin of dorsal above anterior edge of upper eye, very slightly on blind side, its highest rays in its pos- terior half; origin of anal slightly behind base of pectoral; pectoral of eyed side very slightly shorter than that of eyed side; vertebra 34. Color olive brownish, somewhat translucent, with darker dots and blotches; a series of distant obscure blotches along bases of dorsal and anal. Atlantic coast of tropical America north to New Jersey; very common on sandy shores; not found in the Pacific, all west coast references belonging to C. gilberti. Here described from a specimen from Havana, 6 inches in length. This little flounder is almost everywhere abundant on the sandy shores of the warmer parts of the Western Atlantic, in shallow water. Careful comparison of specimens from South Carolina, Cuba, and Brazil shows no tangible difference, and we are compelled to regard all as form- ing a single species. It rarely exceeds 5 or 6 inches in length. It usually comes into the markets mixed with other shore fishes, and it nowhere receives any notice as a food-fish. This species is common in the markets of Havana, and it is evidently the original of Poey’s Hemirhombus fuscus, although in Poey’s description there seems to be some confusion, because the teeth are said to be biserial above, and 60 scales are counted in the lateralline. A specimen from Poey in the museum at Cambridge is labeled “ Hemirhombus fuscus, type. Collector’s number, 87.” This belongs to C. spilopterus, and it has 48 scales in the lateral line. Bleeker’s C. gua- temalensis agrees in all respects with C. spilopterus. We are unable to find any description of C. cayennensis, if, indeed, the species has ever been de- scribed. Specimens of C. spilopterus are in the museum at Cambridge from Cuba, Pard, Sambaia, Pernambuco, Camaru, Rio das Velhas, Rio Janeiro, and San Matheo. (6ziAos, spot; mrepor, fin.) Citharichthys spilopterus, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 421, 1862, New Orleans, San Domingo, Jamaica; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 618; JorDAN & GIL- BERT, Synopsis, 817, 1883; JORDAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1886, 53; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 276, 1889. 2686 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Citharichthys cayennensis, BLEEKER, Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Amsterd., x1, 1862, 6, Cayenne; name only. Citharichthys guatemalensis, BLEEKER, Neder. Tydschr. Dierk. 1864, 73, Guatemala; GUNTHER, Fish. Centr. Amer., 472, 1869. Hemirhombus fuscus, POEY, Synopsis, 406, 1868, Havana; Pory, Enumeratio, 138, 1875. 3059. CITHARICHTHYS GILBERTI, Jenkins & Evermann. Head 31 to 32; depth of head 4; depth of body 1,4; to 2}. D.77 to 82; A. 57 to 61; scales 18-40 to 46-19. Body comparatively broad, formed as in C. spilopterus, the two profiles about equally arched; snout slightly longer than longest diameter of eye, and without a distinct spine. Eyes on left side, equal in size, small, 5 to 53 in head; interorbital space narrow, 1% in eye, low, slightly grooved, and scaled on posterior portion only. Maxillary 2? in head, reaching barely to posterior border of eye; upper jaw project- ing. Teeth small, in a single series; gill rakers 4+ 13, short and slender, not longer than pupil, with a rather broad base, narrowing to a slender stalk. Dorsal fin beginning in front of upper eye, the first 3 rays grow- ing from the blind side, the distance of origin from snout 7 in head; fin rays all simple, 2,3; in head; pectorals nearly equal, the one on colored side being slightly longer, 1,4; in head; rays on colored side 9; on blind side 8; ventrals 2;4; in head; caudal rounded, caudal peduncle short, its depth 8 in the body, equaling height of anal; scales large, ciliated, pretty uniform, those toward head and margins of disk becoming smaller; lateral line gradually descending along the course of about 16 scales, from which point it is straight. Color light brown, with about 15 irregular dark blotches of various sizes, the largest being a pair on the latter third of the disk, 1 on each side of lateral line, as great in diameter as length of ventral fin. Specimens from fresh waters (C. sumichrasti) are much darker in color; gray, everywhere closely peppered with dark specks; pectoral and caudal mottled. Pacific coast of tropical America; very abundant in sandy bays from Guaymas to Panama, ascending all the streams. This species very closely resembles C. spilopterus, representing the latter on the Pacific coast, and it has been frequently recorded under the name C. spilopterus. C. gilberti differs mainly in the shorter gill rakers and in the slightly larger scales. Fresh-water specimens (as the type of C. sumichrasti from Rio Zanatenco, Chiapas, and numerous examples col- lected by us in Rio Presidio, near Mazatlan) differ considerably in color, being much darker, but there is no other difference. (‘‘This species is dedicated to Prof. Charles H. Gilbert, whose collection and notes on fishes from Mazatlan, containing undescribed species, this among them, were destroyed by fire in 1883.”) Citharichthys gilberti, JENKINS & EVERMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, 157, Guaymas, Mexico (Type, No. 39627. Coll. Jenkins & Evermann); JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 503. Citharichthys sumichrasti, JORDAN & GOss, Review Flounders and Soles, 276, 1889, Rio Zanatenco, Chiapas. (Coll. Prof. Francis E.Sumichrast. Type, 25299, M. C. Z.) Citharichthys spilopterus, GUNTHER, Fish. Centr. Amer., 471, pl. 80, fig. 2, 1869; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 382; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 630; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1882, 108-111; not of GUN- THER, 1862. Jordan and E-vermann. Fishes of North America. 2687 1052. ETROPUS, Jordan & Gilbert. Etropus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 364 (crossotus). Eyes and color on left side. Body regularly oval, deep, and compressed. Head small; mouth very small, the teeth close set, slender, and pointed, somewhat incurved, mostly on the blind side; no teeth on vomer, Eyes small, separated by a narrow, scaleless ridge; margin of preopercle free. Ventrals free from anal, that of colored side inserted on ridge of abdomen, its base rather long. Dorsal fin beginning above eye; caudal double trun- cate; anal without spine. Scales thin, deciduous, ctenoid on left side, cycloid on blind side. Lateral line simple, nearly straight. Size smali. This genus is very close to Citharichthys, from which it differs only in the very small size of the mouth, and in the correspondingly weak dentition. The 3 or 4 known species are similar in appearance to the species of Citha- richthys, and they inhabit the same waters. Another genus extremely close to Htropus and Citharichthys is Thysanopsetta, a South American genus. The teeth in Thysanopsetta are, however, arranged ina band. The larval forms are translucent and symmetrical, as in Platophrys, Monolene, Arno- glossus, ete. (7Tpov, abdomen; zovs, foot; in allusion to the insertion of the ventrals, common to all the Psettine, but not found in other small- mouthed species. ) a. Snout not acute; dorsal rays 75 to 85. b. Body comparatively elongate, the depth rather less than 4 length. c. Dorsal rays 81; anal 58; head 44 in length; eye 32 in head; maxillary 4. : MICROSTOMUS, 3060. ec. Dorsal rays 77; anal 61; head4in length; eye 34 in head; maxillary 4}. RIMOSUS, 3061. bb. Body very deep, the depth more than 4 length; eye 8} in head; maxillary 4; head 41; depth 11 to 2; D.76 to 85; A.56 to 67; scales 42 to48; cirri on sub- opercle of blind side very numerous, white; olive ground, with darker blotches; fins sanded. CROSSOTUS, 3062. 3060. ETROPUS MICROSTOMUS (Gill). “T), 81; A.58; caudal 4, 6,5,3; pectoral 10; ventral 6. The height of the body enters about 23 times (0.36-0.37) in the extreme length; that of the caudal peduncle about 11 times. The head forms a fifth of the length, is rather abbreviated, scarcely sinuous above the eyes, blunt at the snout, which scarcely exceeds + of the head’s length and the rostral area is rhombic, and not higher than long. The eyes are even; the longitu- dinal diameter contained about 32 times (0.054) in the head’s length. The mouth is rather small, the length of the upper only equaling } of the length, and that of the lower? of the head’s length. The teeth are very small, and close together; larger in front. The dorsal commences above the front of the orbit, and is highest and convergent near the for- tieth ray, which equals about ,y of the total length; the anal is highest at about the twenty-fifth ray, and is as high or even higher than the dor- sal. The caudal is rounded behind, and forms about { of the length. The pectoral fins are unequally developed, that of the dark side being prolonged, and contained only 63 times in the total length, while that of the white side only equals +5 of the same; the rays are all simple. 2688 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. The ventral fins are also unequally developed, the right being on the ab- dominal ridge at its origin, rather in advance of the opercular margin and with its longest rays contained about 14 times in the total length; stretched backward, it extends to the second anal ray; the fin on the white side is more advanced, wider, and its rays longer, contained less than 12 times in the length and extends backward to nearly the third analray. The scales are large, angular behind, covered with smaller ones, especially near the point of junction of contiguous ones, where alone they are developed on the blind side; the scales of the eyed side are mostly minutely ciliated behind, unarmed, however, near the lateral line, the scales of which last are quadrate and mostly covered; the scales of the blind side are less an- gular behind and unarmed. The lateral line runs through about 42 scales, while of longitudinal rows there are 10 above and 14 below the lateral line. The color is uniform reddish brown. A single specimen, little more than 3 inches long, was first obtained by Professor Baird, at Beesleys Point.” (Gill.) This species has not been certainly recognized by recent writers, unless, as supposed by Jordan & Goss, it is identical with Ltropus rimosus. It is in any event certainly an Hiropus. In the Museum of Comparative Zool- ogy are numerous young specimens collected at Somers Point, New Jersey, by Dr. Stimpson. These seem to belong to the genus Hiropus. The teeth are equal; the scales are 44, and the depth of the body is 2} in its length. The eye is 4 in head, the dorsal rays 75 to 80, and the anal rays 56 or 57. The color is light brown, mottled and spotted with darker. These prob- ably represent the Citharichthys neicrostomus of Gill, collected in the same neighborhood by the same naturalist. We are unable to distinguish them from Etropus rimosus. (“u2xpds, small; 6rdua, mouth.) Citharichthys microstomus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1864, 223, Beesleys Point, New Jersey (Coll. Prof..S. F. Baird); Goopr & Bran, Oceanic Ichthyology, 446, 1896; JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 332. Etropus microstomus, JORDAN & GOss, Review Flounders and Soles, 278, 1889. 3061. ETROPUS RIMOSUS, Goode & Bean. Head 4 in body; depth 2 to 2}. D.77; A.61; scales 12-41-14; eye 3} in head; maxillary 44; snout 8; caudal 1. Body somewhat elongate, pear- shaped; mouth very small, its cleft less than 4 the orbit, its angle below anterior margin of lower eye; teeth well developed on blind side on each jaw, also on eyed side of lower jaw in front; eyes placed in the same vertical; upper eye close to dorsal profile, and separated from its mate by a space less than $ its diameter; interorbital ridge low; nostrils in a line with the interorbital ridge, each in a short tube, the posterior the larger, the anterior midway between tip of snout and front of lower orbit; head entirely scaled; accessory scales numerous. Dorsal commencing on blind side at anterior margin of eye, the highest rays somewhat behind middle of fin, its length 7 times in total length; origin of anal under base of pec- toral, its highest rays equal to those of dorsal; pectoral of eyed side longest, equal to head without snout; caudal fin rounded. Color gray, hoary above, with a few irregularly placed indistinet brownish blotches, none of them larger than eye; white below. West coast of Florida; Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2689 type, 100 mm. long, collected by the Albatross at Station 2408, depth 21 fathoms, between Pensacola and Cedar Keys, Florida. (Goode & Bean.) On reexamining our specimens of Ltropus, we find that those obtained by Jordan & Evermann from Pensacola differ from the others in the greater elongation of the body and in the somewhat grayer coloration. These correspond fairly to the description and figure of Etropus rimosus. All other specimens from the United States coast collected by Dr. Jordan and his associates are, in our opinion, referable to Etropus crossotus.. The original description of Citharichthys microstomus, Gill, fits this species better than any other known. The fish in question is much too elongate for Etropus crossotus (depth 23 in total length), and the mouth is too small for any of the known species of Citharichthys (maxillary 4 in head; mandi- ble 24). We have little doubt of the identity of Etropus rimosus and micro- stomus, but leave the matter for further investigation. The separation of E. rimosus from £. crossotus is not beyond question. (rimosus, frosted.) Etropus rimosus, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 593, coast of Florida, between Pensacola and Cedar Keys, dredged at the depth of 21 fathoms; GoopDE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 455, pl. 104, figs. 360, 361, 1896. (The latter figure an excellent representation of the symmetrical, translucent larval form, before the right eye has crossed the forehead.) Etropus crossotus, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1886, 476; not of JORDAN & GILBERT. 3062. ETROPUS CROSSOTUS, Jordan & Gilbert. Head 44 in length; depth 1} to 2. D. 76 to 85; A. 56 to 67; V.6; scales 42 to 48; vertebrie 9+ 25—34. Body oval, strongly compressed, with the dorsal and ventral curves nearly equal; both outlines strongly arched an- teriorly, the body much deeper in adult specimens. Head very small; snout short; mouth very small, its cleft not so long as diameter of orbit. Teeth conical, pointed, close set, strongly ineurved, in a single series, those in upper jaw on blind side only, those in lower jaw on both sides. Eyes large, the lower in advance of the upper, the two separated by a very narrow scaleless ridge, which extends backward above preopercle; edge of opercle on blind side, with a row of conspicuous white cilia. Upper nostril turned somewhat to blind side; anterior nostril on left side, with a very slender cirrus. Dorsal fin commencing over front of upper eye, its middle rays highest, the anterior not elevated; anal fin not preceded by a spine, its middle rays highest; caudal fin very sharply double-truncate, as long as head; pectorals short, that of left side the - longer, about ¢ length of head; ventral of colored side on ridge of abdo- men, the membrane of its last rays nearly reaching base of first ray of anal; ventral of blind side longer than the other, + length of head, inserted farther forward than that of colored side. Vent lateral, with a well- developed anal papilla. Scales thin, large, ctenoid on colored side, smooth on blind side, those on the middle part of the body larger; head entirely scaly, except snout and interorbital ridge; rays of vertical fins with scales on the basal half, on colored side; lateral line developed equally on both sides, nearly straight. Color olive brown, with some darker blotches most distinct in the larger specimens; vertical fins finely mottled and streaked with black and gray; pectoral and ventral on left 2690 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. side spotted. Tropical America on both coasts, north to Cerros Island and North Carolina, south to Panama and Rio Janeiro; the type a single specimen, about 5 inches long, taken with a seine in the Astillero at Mazatlan. This little fish seems to be abundant in all warm and sandy shores of tropical America. It is the smallest and feeblest of all our flounders, and has therefore been generally overlooked by collectors. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology are specimens of this species from Rio Janeiro, Santos, Victoria, Para, and Sambaia, in Brazil. The largest of these is 6 inches in length. Head 5 in length; depth 1,4;; scales 44; D. 85; A. 67. We have specimens from Charleston, Cedar Keys, New Orleans, Galveston, Beaufort, North Carolina, Mazatlan, Panama, and from several localities along both sides of the coast of Lower California. These vary in form, color, and squamation, but we are unable to point out specific distinctions among them. (xpod6mrds, fringed, from the cirri of the subopercle. ) Etropus crossotus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 364, Mazatlan; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 305; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 618; JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1882, 108-111; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 839, 1883; BEAN, Cat. Fish. Intern. Exh. 1883, 44; JORDAN & SWAIN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 234; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 278, 1889. Htropus microstomus, JORDAN, Proc, U, 8. Nat. Mus, 1886, 29; not Citharichthys micros- tomus, GILL. 1053. MONOLENE, Goode. Monolene, GOODE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 338 (sessilicauda). Thyris, GOODE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 344 (pellucidus ; larval form) ; name preoceupied. Delothyris, GOODE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 110 (pellucidus); substitute for Thyris. Body thin, elongate; eyes on the left side, very close together, near the profile; mouth moderate, the length of the maxillary less than 4 that of the head; teeth minute, in a single series, nearly equal on both sides; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Scales rather large, ctenoid on colored side, cycloid on blind side. Lateral line well marked, that of colored side strongly and angularly curved anteriorly, that of blind side nearly straight. Pectoral of blind side wholly absent; dorsal beginning on the snout, its rays all simple. Caudal fin sessile, almost confluent with dorsal and anal. Ventral fins normal, that of the left side on the ridge of the abdomen; gill rakers few, feeble. Vertebrie 43. Deep-sea fishes, closely allied to Trichopsetta and Arnoglossus, but with the right pectoral obsolete. The translucent larva of Monolene is similar to the larva of Platophrys. It was at first described as a distinct genus (Thyris—= Delothyris) by Dr. Goode before its true character was recognized. The following are the characters ascribed to the larval genus Delothyris :* * The following are the characters of the species, Delothyris pellucidus, Goode: Colorless, translucent; 3 conspicuous, dusky, longitudinal lines on left side, the middle one faintest. Two streaks on right side; eyes black. Body thin, pellucid, divided into 3 longitudinal tracks by depressions at the bases of the rows of interspinous processes. Seales small, thin, caducous. Head very small; eyes small, protruding, their diameter equal to the interorbital space and 4 the length of the snout; mouth small, formed as in the soles, the upper jaw somewhat hook-shaped. Dorsal fin beginning in advance of the eye, of long, flexible, simple rays, the tips of which are much exserted. Pectorals inserted far below lateral line, that on blind side as long as orbit, the other as long as snout; vent- rals reaching past front of anal. Head 5; depth 3. 1D. 100; A. 80; P. 12 (left), 4 (right). Length 3 inches. (Goode.) Gulf Stream, off the coast of Rhode Island. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2691 Body elongate, soft, and translucent. Head very short; mouth small, toothless. Eyes sinistral, close together, the lower slightly advanced. Pectoral of blind side smallest; ventrals crowded together on median keel of body, their bases prolonged on this keel. Rays simple; dorsal beginning on the snout; caudal subsessile, almost confluent with dorsal and anal. Scales very thin, easily detached, probably cycloid. Lateral line well marked, straight. (j0vos, one; @Aévy, arm.) a. Dorsal rays 99 to 103; anal rays 79 to 81; scales 92. SESSILICAUDA, 3063. aa. Dorsal rays 124; anal rays 100; scales 105. ATRIMANA, 3064. 3063. MONOLENE SESSILICAUDA, Goode. Head 5 in body; depth 23. D. 99 to 103; A. 79 to 84; scales 23-92-25; eye 4 in head; highest dorsal ray 2; highest anal rays slightly more than 3; pectoral 14; caudal nearly 1. Body moderately elongate; maxillary extending slightly past front of lower eye, with uniserial, subequal teeth; lower eye in advance of upper; interorbital space very small, less than } the diameter of eye; head everywhere closely scaled; scales ctenoid; lateral line strongly curved over anterior } of pectoral, the curve with 2 angles, 72 scales along straight portion; lateral line of blind side nearly straight. Origin of dorsal over anterior edge of lower eye, longest rays in the poster- ior fourth of the fin; origin of anal under base of pectoral; pectoral pres- ent only on eyed side. Coloron left side ashy brown, with numerous more or less distinct darker brown spots; on blind side white, pectoral blackish with traces of lighter transverse bands. Specimens from shallow water near Key West (Coll. Prof. C. C. Nutting), according to Mr. Garman, are much more brightly colored. These are “grayish brown, with numerous spots of darker to blackish over head and body, the spots being 4 as large as the eye or smaller, arranged for the greater part in broad transverse bands as wide as the interspaces, of which bands the first and foremost passes from the nape to the opercle, the second lies immediately behind the pectoral, the third just in front, and the fourth just behind the middle of total length, and the fifth, more indistinct, crosses near the ends of the dorsal and anal; the caudal is crossed by 2 rather indefinite narrow streaks; the pectoral is white at its base and bears 3 or 4 narrow curved transverse bands of white, separating 3 or 4 similar bands of black, which with the white are more distinct in the lower half of the fin.” Spec- imens from 150 fathoms or more have markings similar but Jess distinct. D. 104; A. 84; V. 6; P. 11; scales 22-93-24. Deep waters of the Gulf Stream, Cape Cod to Key West. (sessilis, sessile; cauda, tail.) Monolene sessilicauda, GOODE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 337, 338, deep sea south of New England; GoopeE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880,472; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 841, 1883; JoRDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 280, 1889; GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 452, figs. 357 A & B, 1896; GARMAN, Bull. lowa Lab. Nat. Hist. 1896, 91. Thyris pellucidus, GOODE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 344, Gulf Stream off the coast of Rhode Island. Delothyris pellucidus, GOODE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, 109. 2692 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 8064. MONOLENE ATRIMANA, Goode & Bean. Head 44 in length of body; depth about 3. D. 124; A. 100; scales 30- 105-32; eye 23 in head; maxillary 3; highest dorsal ray 2; left ventral 34; pectoral 44 in body; caudal 6. Body rather elongate; snout slightly pro- duced. Mouth oblique, the maxillary extending to a little behind front of lower eye, teeth uniserial, well developed on both sides; lower eye in advance of upper; interorbital a very narrow ridge, about 9 in eye; nos- trils in very short tubes in the same line with the interorbital ridge, the posterior one is slightly less distant from lower eye than the anterior one is from the snout; head. everywhere scaly; lateral line strongly arched over anterior third of pectoral. Origin of dorsal on blind side above front of lower eye, longest rays in posterior fourth of fin; highest rays of anal a little higher than dorsal rays; pectoral on eyed side only; caudal sessile, rounded. Color light brownish gray, right ventral pale, other fins dusky ; pectoral and eyelids black. West Indies. The type was taken by the Blake in 288 fathoms, off Barbados; its length is114mm. (Goode & Bean.) (ater, black; manus, hand.) Monolene atrimana, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x11, 155, 1886, deep waters off Barbados; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 280, 1889; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 455, fig. 358, 1896. Family CCXX. SOLEIDA. (THE SOLES.) Body oblong or elongate, usually scaly; mouth very small, much twisted toward the eyed side; the teeth in villiform bands, very small or obsolete; eyes small, close together, with or without a bony ridge between them; edge of preopercle adnate, concealed by the skin and scales; gill openings narrow, the gill membranes adnate to the shoulder girdle above; pectoral fins small or wanting; ventral fins small, 1 or both sometimes wanting. Small fishes living on sandy bottoms, similar to the Pleuronectide in struc- ture, but much degraded, the fins and teeth having lost many of their distinctive qualities. The vertebr are usually in increased numbers.* * The following are the numbers of vertebre in several species of Soleide: I.—ACHIRINZE. Achirus fasciatus. ...-.....-.. ee ee eee ee ee a 8+20— 28 Achirus inseriptus:. ss< span atea as eacees ean aes cienjam e=s aaiae ee eee 9+19= 28 II.—SoOLEIN. Synaptura Zebra.....2.02sescanes See anes ee ae ie eacescasescaceceasen=s [8+ 41— 49] Solea solea..-- = 2.5.0.5. 5. Sse Se eereea eee eee ears tee TS. owe cs ee eee 9+40— 49 Soles klein: oo. 2. coc sth com an coe one ae Sele eee ee oe an oo eee 10+ 37=— 47 Soles anurantiacse.-.<.25..-2. cece swacs acho ee eo eee eeanae en eco eee [46] Quoensolia o¢ellatia,..o~ a. i02.52 JcdWiew sc unc ee eaes dts ance ek see etw = Hae eee 9+28=— 37 Microchirus lutets:c: -. 5.0022 .s5ce ee eee oe eee Siew sce aee Cee 8+ 29=— 37 Monochirus hispidus ........... bis inija.o ¥ winters olmia lela et eiees aie sate eae Ree coc 9 +25— 34 II1.—CYNOGLOSSINE. Symphurus strTicaudus..« «< osc enn cas cmc coeha wens de nneendea = een 10+ 42— 52 Symphurus nigrescens « «2. oo sco ha she ons cacne wake wah eae ene oe 9+ 40— 49 Symphurns plagiusa. =. cs cnecs wee ceneiees coc co nene nee eeeeee ames fete owas -- 9+4+38= 47 ae i) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2693 They are numerous in the warm seas, and those of sufficient size are valued as food. Genera about 12; species 150. The North American species belong to 2 subfamilies very different one from the other. The soles are naturally divisible into 3 subfamilies, each quite distinct from the others, and possibly independently descended or degraded from normal Plewron- ectida. The Achirine, or American soles, are apparently allied to the Pset- tine, and asin the latter, the ventral fin of the eyed side extends along the ridge of the abdomen. ‘The Soleinw, or European soles, show in the inser- tion of ventral and in other respects a strong resemblance to the Pleuro- nectine. The more aberrant Cynoglossine, or tongue fishes, are perhaps degraded Soleinw, but the eyes are sinistral, as in the Psettine. In the Soleine and Achirine the eyes are dextral, as in the Pleuronectine. ACHIRINZ:: I. Soles with the eyes on the right side and separated by a distinct bony ridge; the ven- tral with long base confluent with the anal. Body oblong or ovate, with the color on the right side; eyes moderate or small, the upper eye usually more or less in advance of the lower; mouth small, more or less twisted toward the blind side; teeth little developed, in villiform bands; edge of opercle adnate, usually con- cealed by the scales; gill openings more or less narrowed, the gill membranes adnate to the shoulder girdle above; blind side of head usually with fringes; pec- toral fins small, sometimes wanting; ventral fins developed, one or both of them sometimes obsolete; scales usually ctenoid, rarely wanting; lateral line straight, usually single; right ventral with extendea base, confluent with the anal fin. a. Gill openings of moderate extent, confluent below; vertical fins well separated; body ovate in outline, the depth nearly 4 the length; pectoral fins rudi- mentary or wanting; lateral line straight; scales well developed, ctenoid, those on the head more or less enlarged, those of the blind side of the head with fringes; vertebrie about 28. ACcHIRUS, 1054. aa. Gill openings very small, separate, each reduced to a small slit below angle of opercle; right ventral beginning at the chin; pectoral fins minute or want- ing; lateral line straight; snout dilated, the dorsal beginning upon it. b. Scales present, ctenoid; caudal somewhat confluent with dorsal. c. Left ventral rudimentary, with 2 rays. APIONICHTHYS, 1055. bb. Scales none; caudal free from dorsal and anal. ‘(GYMNACHIRUS, 1056. CYNOGLOSSIN 2: II. Soles with the eyes on the left side, not separated by a bony ridge. Body elongate, more or less lanceolate in outline, with the color on the left side; eyes small, very close together, with no distinct interorbital ridge between them; mouth small, twisted toward the blind side; teeth little developed, in villiform bands; gill openings narrow, the gill membranes adnate to the shoulder girdle above, joined together and free from the isthmus below; pectoral fins wanting (in the adult); ventral fins small, that of the blind side often wanting; vertical fins more or less confluent; scales ctenoid; lateral lines sometimes wanting, some- times duplicated. d. Ventral fin of eyed side only present, free from the anal; no pectoral fins; no lateral line; head without fringes. SYMPHURUS, 1057. 1054. ACHIRUS, Lacépéde. (AMERICAN SOLES.) Achirus, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1v, 659, 1803 (fasciatus, etc.). Achirus, CUVIER, Régne Animal, Ed. 2, 11, 343, 1829 (restriction to fasciatus, etc.). Trinectes, RAFINESQUE, Atlantic Journal and Friend of Knowledge, I, 1832 (scabra). Grammichthys, Kaur, Archiy fur Naturgsch. 1858, 94 (lineatus; fasciatus); Achirus being restricted to Pardachirus barbatus, ete. 2694 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Monochirus, Kaur, Archiv fur Naturgsch. 1858, 94 (maculipinnis); not of RAFINESQUE. 1814, a genus of Soleine. ? Aseraggodes, Kaur, Archiv fur Naturgsch. 1858, 103 (guttulata). Baiostoma, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 413 (brachiale). Beostoma, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 965, 1883; amended orthography. Eyes and color on the right side. Body oblong, bluntly rounded ante- riorly. Head small; eyes small, close together, the upper eye in advance of the lower, the two separated by a bony ridge; mouth small, somewhat turned toward the colored side; nasal flaps present, the nostril of the blind side fringed; lip of the colored side fringed; teeth very small, on blind side only; gill openings rather narrow, but confluent below, not reduced to a slit; the branchiostegal region scaled. Head closely scaled every- where, the scales on the colored side similar to those on the body, those of the nape and chin much enlarged; scales on the blind side anteriorly with their pectinations more or less produced, forming cirri; scales of both sides extremely rough, extending on the fins. Lateral line straight, sim- ple; edge of preopercle covered by the scales. Dorsal beginning on the snout, low in front and thickly scaled, its rays divided; anal fin similar, without spine; caudal fin free, convex; caudal peduncle very short and deep; pectoral fin of left side wanting, that of right side small or obso- lete; ventral rays 3 or4, the ventral fin of the colored side long, connected with the anal by a membrane. This strongly marked genus contains numerous species, all very closely related, and nearly all American. It has been united by Dr. Giinther with Solea, but for no good reason, as the number of vertebrie is very much fewer than in the European soles, and the right ventral fin is decurrent along the abdomen and united with the anal in the American soles, while it is short and wholly free in all the European forms. The 2 groups belong in fact to distinct subfamilies. It is also worth noticing that the name Achirus is prior in date to that of Solea. The species with rudimentary pectoral fins have been set apart by Dr. Bean to form the genus Baiostoma, but the very slight development of these organs in some of the species and the evidently very close relation- ship of them all lead us to regard Baiostoma as a subgenus only. If we follow Kaup in restricting the name Achirus to the Asiatic group called Pardachirus, the present genus would receive the name of Trinectes. It seems to us, however, that both Lacépede and Cuvier regarded the species called by us fasciatus as the type of their genus Achirus. (&yerp, without hands; without pectoral fins. ) BAIOSTOMA (Batds, small; croua, mouth) : a. Pectoral fins small, present at least on the right side. b. Pectoral fin present on both sides, that of the left side rudimentary, of a single ray; that of the eyed side with about 3 rays. c. Dorsal rays 60 to 67; anal rays about 48; scales 80; depth 1% in length. Color brownish, irregularly spotted with darker, and with about 10 black vertical lines crossing the lateral line. ACHIRUS, 3065. cc. Dorsal rays 53 to 57; scales 75 to 80; depth 12 in length; scales not very rough, those of colored side with scattered, hair-like appendages, some black, others pale. Color olivaceous; head, body, dorsal, and anal fins covered with a network of dark lines; traces of about 8 dark cross streaks sometimes present. INSCRIPTUS, 3066, Jordan and Evermann, —Fishes of North America, 2695 bb. Pectoral of right side only present. d. Dorsal rays 65 or 66; anal rays 48 to 51. e. Pectoral well developed, with about 6 rays; scales of eyed side with- out hair-like filaments; scales of lateral line 77 to 80; chin little prominent. KLUNZINGERI, 3067. dd. Dorsal rays 50 to 58; anal rays 38 to 48. f. Pectoral fin of 4 to 6 rays, considerably longer than eye; body with 8 to 10 narrow, vertical dark bars, these sometimes obsolete with age. ‘ g. Vertical fins all with round, dark spots, these usually especially distinct on the caudal fin; some of the scales of eyed side with black, hair-like appendages; pectoral fin with 5 or 6 rays, about 3 in head, its length equal to that from outer edge of 1 eye to outer edge of another. Head 34; depth 14. Body with 8 narrow, vertical cross streaks. LINEATUS, 3068. gg. Vertical fins dark, without distinct markings. Body broad, ovate, the depth about 14in length; pectoral fin with 4 rays; scales of right side with numerous black, hair-like ap- pendages. D.56; A.42; scales 70. MAZATLANUS, 3069. Jf. Pectoral fins of 1 to 3 rays, about as long as eye. h. Body with 6 narrow, dark bands, these sometimes obsolete. Body rather narrowly ovate, its depth 1§ in length. D. 58; A.44; scales 85. FONSECENSIS, 3070. hh. Body with about 10 black cross lines; depth 1j in length. D. 61; A.44; scales 60; pectoral of a single ray. FISCHERI, 3071. hhh. Body with very numerous (20 to 40) black cross bands, which are as broad as the interspaces. j. Blind side of snout with few fringes. Depth 1} in length. D.55; A. 48; scales 80. Body covered by many blackish, wavy bands; caudal with black spots. SCUTUM, 3072. ACHIRUS: aa. Pectoral fins wholly wanting. k. Dorsal rays 46; anal rays 33; right lower lip with serrated fringes; nostril in a fringed tube; depth 14 in length; head 3. Color brown, head and body with numerous large, rounded or kidney-shaped white spots, edged with dark brown; scales 70. FIMBRIATUS, 3073. kk. Dorsal rays 50 to 55; anal rays 37 to 46; right lower lip fringed; left nostril with some fringes; depth 13 in length; head 4; none of the scales of eyed side with hair-like appendages. Color dusky olive, more or less mottled with about 8 dark vertical stripes, these varying very much in width and number; caudal spotted. , FASCIATUS, 3074. kkk. Dorsal rays 59 or 60; anal rays 41 to 45; snout and chin without evident fringe or barbel; right lower lip fringed; head 4 in length; depth 13; scales 64. Body with 12 black cross bands with narrower ones between; caudal spotted. PANAMENSIS, 3075. Subgenus BAIOSTOMA, Bean. 3065. ACHIRUS ACHIRUS (Linnzus). D. 60 to 67; A. 48; P. right 3, left 1; scales 80. Pectorals rudimentary on both sides; right ventral fin composed of 5 rays, which are continuous with the anal. Scales on the nape and on chin twice as large as those on body; snout with a few fringes on blind side; right lower lip fringed. Height of body 13 in total length (without caudal); width of interorbital space nearly equal to, or rather more than diameter of eye; upper eye 2696 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. slightly in advance of lower; longest dorsal rays are in posterior fifth of the fin, } of length of head; caudal rounded, rather longer than head. Brownish, irregularly spotted with darker, and with about 10 black verti- cal lines crossing the lateral line. Coasts of Surinam. (Giinther.) Not seen by us. We know this species only from Dr. Giinther’s description. Pleuronectes achirus, Linneus, is based on a description by Gronow of some Achirus from Surinam. Gronow’s fish agrees with the present species in having 60 dorsal rays and 48 anal rays, in being brown, with transverse black bands, with dark spots on the fins, as well as in coming from Surinam. But Gronow explicitly denies the presence of pectorals, and the present species has rudimentary pectoral fins on both sides. Probably these were overlooked by Gronow, and as no other species found in the same region has so large a number of rays, we feel justified in the use of the name Achirus achirus for this species. (d-, without; yezp, hand.) Pleuronectes oculis dextris, corpore glabro, pinnis pectoralibus nullis, GRONOW, Museum, I, No. 42, Surinam. Pleuronectes achirus, LINNZEUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 268, 1758, Surinam; based on GRONOW. Solea gronovii, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 472, 1862, Surinam. Achirus gronovii, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 602. Achirus achirus, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 311, 1889. 3066. ACHIRUS INSCRIPTUS, Gosse. Head 32 in body; depth 1%. D.53 to 57; A. 40; scales 75 to 80; inter- orbital width less than eye; upper eye in advance of lower. Pectoral fin present on each side, that of the left side rudimentary, of a single ray; that of the eyed side with about 3; left ventral with 1 or 2 small rays, in some specimens entirely absent; right ventral joined to anal. Seales smaller and less rough than usual in this genus, those of nape scarcely enlarged on eyed side, those of blind side much fringed; scales of colored side with scattered hair-like appendages, some black, others pale. Color olivaceous; head, body, dorsal, and anal fins covered with a network of dark lines; traces of about 8 dark cross streaks sometimes present; caudal fin yellowish, nearly plain, or with a few dark dots or reticulations, its base dusky. Vertebree 8+ 20—28. West Indies north to Key West. Known to us from numerous specimens taken by Dr. Jordan at Key West, and from specimens from Hayti, in the museum at Cambridge. These specimens belong undoubtedly to the species called reticulatus by Poey, and this is apparently not different from the inscriptus of Gosse, as the agreement with the latter is even closer than with the former description. (inscriptus, written on.) Achirus inscriptus, GOssE, Nat. Sojourn Jamaica, 52, pl. 1, fig. 4, 1851, Jamaica; JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 148; Jorpan & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 311, 1889. Monochir reticulatus, Porky, Memorias, 11, 317, 1861, Cuba; Pory, Synopsis, 409; Pory, Enumeratio, 139. Solea reticulata, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 472, 1862. Solea inscripta, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 473, 1862. Beostoma reticulatum, BEAN & DRESEL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 152. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2697 3067. ACHIRUS KLUNZINGERI (Steindachner). Head 3% in body; depth 13. D.65; A.51; scales 37-80-42; eye 32 in head; height of dorsal and anal 13; caudal 1. Body moderately broad ; eyes in the same vertical line; interorbital as wide as length of eye; angle of mouth reaching a little past front of lower eye; right under lip fringed; scales near upper profile of head enlarged, all scales strongly ctenoid; scales of eyed side without hair-like filaments. Pectoral of right side only present, with about 6 rays; caudal round behind. Color brownish, with 9 or 10 narrow blackish cross lines; small rounded blackish spots on the membranes of each of the vertical fins, much as in A. lineatus. (Stein- dachner.) Pacific coast of tropical America; Panama to Guayaquil. (Named for Dr. C. B. Klunzinger, Professor of Zoology at Stuttgart, author of Memoirs on the Fishes of the Red Sea. ) Solea klunzingeri, SYEINDACHNER, Zur Fische des Cauca und der Fliisse bei Guayaquil, 44, 1879, Guayaquii. Achirus klunzingeri, JORDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 391; JORDAN & Goss, Revi lew Flounders and Soles, 312, 1889. 3068. ACHIRUS LINEATUS (Linnzeus). Head 34; depth about 14. D.49t058; A.38 to 44; scales 75 to 85. Pee- toral fin of right side only developed, of 4 to 6 rays, considerably longer than eye. Body with 8 to 10 narrow vertical dark bars, these sometimes obsolete with age; vertical fins all with round dark spots, these usually especially distinct on the caudal fin; some of the scales of eyed side with black, hair-like appendages; pectoral fin with 5 or 6 rays, about 3 in head, its length equal to that from outer edge of one eye to outer edge of another. Color brown, the young spotted with whitish, the adult sometimes with darker; body with about 8 narrow vertical cross streaks of blackish. West Indies and Brazil, Florida Keys to Uruguay; common and variable, We have placed the Florida species, comifer and brachialis, in the syn- onymy of lineatus. They differ from the latter only in the slightly smaller number of the scales and fin rays. The following table shows our count of a number of specimens from different localities: | ] Locality. Species. | D. | A. | Seales. La NIGER Re SACRA GS SE Sete SS ce Baa sacqene ee OCC eces | comifer........-.- | 50 | 35 | 55 to 67 TP DISA) Ea oeescenasenctdesennes AoscnpeborcSes se sear brachialis....-...- 51 | 37 | 75 to77 Cienfuegos linéatus -..- .- 25. | 54 | 43 85 Rio a - maculipinnis..-.-- | 57 | 42 85 Medackitses secs ss maculipinnis......) 54 | 44 72 Rio eas do Sul maculipinnis.----. | 49 | 38 70 MOG EMIRV es ote ato ainels = Cram = ome = Se melt im = ile stein enn =iete maculipinnis. ----. | 53 | 40 68 Manacapuru maculipinnis. ..--. 55 | 42 75 | ! It is evident from this table that neither the fin rays nor the scales form characters by which the subspecies can be absolutely distinguished. It is evident also, from the examination of large series of specimens, that the 2698 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. coloration is subject to very great variations—as great as in Achirus fasci- atus. In some of these the caudal is dark and immaculate, in others pale and usually profusely spotted. In some the ground color is nearly plain blackish, in others it is pale, usually with narrow dark cross bands, but sometimes closely spotted everywhere. The specimens examined by us are from Pensacola and Egmont Key (brachialis), Key West (comifer), Cienfuegos (Cuba, Poey), Coary, Teffy, Tapajos, Porto Alegre, Pernam- buco, Cannarivieras, Manacapuru, Porto do Moz, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Janeiro, San Matheo, Rosario, Itabapuana, Obidos, Xingu, Gurupa, Jutaby, Curacao, Para, Bahia, Santarem, Ica, Fonteboa, San Paolo, Rio Trompetas, Sambaia, Manes, Javary, and Tabatinga. The species would appear to be one of the commonest in Brazil. (lineatus, striped.) a. Var. lineatus. Passer lineis transversis notatus, SLOANE, Jamaica, 2, 77, pl. 246, fig. 2, 1725, Jamaica. Pleuronectes fuscus subrotundus glaber, BROWNE, Jamaica, 445, 1756, Jamaica. Pleuronectes lineatus, LINNZEUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 268, 1758, Jamaica; based on BROWNE and SLOANE; not of Ed. x11, which is Achirus fasciatus. Monochir maculipinnis, AGASSIZ, Spix, Pisc. Brasil., 88, pl. 49, 1829, Brazil; Pory, Synopsis, 409, 1868. Monochir lineatus, Quoy & GAIMARD, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 238, 1824. Achirus lineatus, D’ORBIGNY, Voyage Amér. Mérid., Poiss., pl. 16, fig. 2, 1847; JorDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 312, 1889. Solea maculipinnis, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 473, 1862; KNER, Novara Fische, 111, 289, 1866. Achirus maculipinnis, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 602. b. Var. brachialis. Baiostoma brachialis, BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 413, Appalachicola Bay and South Florida. (Types, Nos. 26605 and 30463. Coll. Silas Stearns.) Beostoma brachiale, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 965, 1883. Achirus brachialis, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 149. c. Var. comifer. Achirus comifer, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 31,Key West. (Coll. Dr. Jordan. ) 3069. ACHIRUS MAZATLANUS (Steindachner). (MEXICAN SOLE; LENGUADO DE Rio; TEIPALCATE.) Head 3} in body; depth 14. D.56; A.42; scales 70; eye 74 in head; dor- sal and anal rays 34 in depth of body; caudal 3. Body broad, oval; eyes small, the upper in advance of the lower; interorbital about 4 the diame- ter of eye; nostril in a tube, placed just above middle of mouth; pectoral developed on eyed side only, with about 4 rays; origin of dorsal on tip of snout; greatest height of dorsal and anal behind their middle; scales of right side with numerous black hair-like appendages. Color brownish, with 8 or 9 narrow vertical black bars; fins dark, without distinct mark- ings. West coast of Mexico, entering all streams; common and variable. Many specimens from Mazatlan and Rio Presidio examined by us, as also a specimen from Chiapas. (Name from Mazatlan,* the river of the deer.) * “With eternal sun above thee, ’T is not strange the tall deer loved thee, That he gave his name, Mazatl, To thy river, Mazatlan!” Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2699 Solea mazatlana, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Notizen, 1x, 23, 1869, Mazatlan; JORDAN & GIL- BERT, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1882, 108. Solea pilosa, PETERS, Berliner Monatsber. 1869, 709, Mazatlan. Achirus mazatlanus, JORDAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1885, 391; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 313, 1889; JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 505. 3070. ACHIRUS FONSECENSIS (Giinther). Head 34; depth 1%. D.58; A.44; P.2; scales about 85. No trace of a pectoral on the left side, that on the right not much longer than the eye; right ventral fin composed of 5 rays, which are continuous with the anal. Scales on the nape twice or thrice as large as those on the body. The upper part of the snout slightly overlaps the lower jaw. The left anterior part of the head with numerous tentacles; the right lower lip with very distinct slender fringes; nostril on the right side in a wide and short tube. The width of the interorbital space is less than the diameter of the eye; the upper eye is in advance of the lower. The rays of the vertical fins are branched; the longest dorsal rays are } of the length of the head. Caudal rounded, as long as the head. Brownish olive, with 6 pairs of deep brown vertical lines extending on the dorsal and anal fins. Pacific Coast of Tropical America. (Giinther.) Described from 1 speci- men 4+ inches long, from Gulf of Fonseca; 2 others since taken by us in Rio Presidio, near Mazatlan. (Name from Fonseca, the type locality.) Solea fonsecensis, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 475, 1862, Gulf of Fonseca. (Coll. Sir John Richard- son.) Achirus Sonsecensis, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 314, 1889; JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 505. 3071. ACHIRUS FISCHERI (Steindachner). (PEGE OJA.) Head 34 in body; depth 1§; caudal 34. D.61; A.44; P.right.1; V.5; scales 60 to 62. Pectoral wanting on left side, rudimentary on right, of a single ray scarcely longer than eye; right ventral connected with the anal. Seales on neck and lower portion of head 14 to 2 times as large as those on body; right side of lower lip fringed; upper jaw not projecting forward over lower jaw; left side of head with dermal flaps only around corner of mouth and on lower jaw. Eyes small, the upper a little further for- ward than the other, and 2 in snout; breadth of forehead equaling diame- ter of eye. Dorsalrays increasing gradually in length to the forty-eighth, which is about 2 length of head. Scales strongly ctenoid, the teeth con- siderably largest at the middle; rays of all the fins, except of pectorals, scaled to their tips, the membranes less fully scaled; only the anterior third of the caudal membranes scaled, and between the last dorsal and anal rays the scales extend slightly upon the fins. A few black thread- like appendages on right side of body between scales. Color of right side dark gray; 2 or 3 blackish cross lines on head, about 10 on body, between them numberless spots of similar color; spots on fins, especially those on caudal, a little larger; a few large dark spots on body, irregular 2700 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. and poorly defined; blind side reddish yellow. Total length about 10 em. Rio Mamone, near Panama; known to us only from Steindachner’s de- scription and figure. (Steindachner.) Not seen by us. (Named for W. Fischer.) Solea fischeri, STEINDACHNER, Beitrige Kenntniss Fluss-Fische Sudamer., I, 13, 1879, Rio Mamone, near Panama, Achiris fischeri, JORDAN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1887, 391. 3072. ACHIRUS SCUTUM (Giinther). Head 33; depth 14. D.55; A. 48; P.3; scales 80. No trace of a pectoral on left side; right pectoral quite rudimentary, scarcely longer than the eye; right ventral composed of 5 rays, which are continuous with anal. Scales on nape nearly twice as large as those on the body; snout with scarcely any fringes on the blind side, right lower lip fringed. Width of interorbital space less than horizontal diameter of orbit; upper eye slightly in advance of lower. Longest dorsal rays in posterior third of fin, } length of head; caudal rounded, longer than head. Grayish; head, body, and fins with numerous blackish, irregular, waving, sometimes bifurcate, transverse bands, which are broader than the interspaces; cau- dal with rounded deep black spots; the left side uniform white. Pacific coast of Central America. (Giinther.) Not seen by us. (seutwm, a shield.) Solea scutum, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 474, 1862, Gulf of Fonseca, Panama. Achirus scutum, JORDAN & GOss, Review Flounders and Soles, 314, 1889. Subgenus ACHIRUS. 3073. ACHIRUS FIMBRIATUS (Ginther). Head 3; depth 1}. D. 46; A.33; scales 70. Pectorals none; right ven- tral of 5 rays, which are continuous with the anal. Scales on nape 4 times, those on the chin twice, as large as on the body. Upper part of the snout slightly bent downward over the mandible and forming a short hook; right lower lip broadly fringed, each fringe being serrated; nostril in a short, wide, fringed tube. No tentacles on left side of head. Width of interorbital space equaling diameter of circular small orbit; upper eye slightly in advance of lower. Longest dorsal rays } of length of head; rays of vertical fins branched; caudal rounded, its length being + of the total. Brown; head and body with numerous large, rounded, or kidney-shaped white spots, edged with dark brown. Gulf of Fonseca, Central America, (Giinther.) Known from 1 specimen, 3} inches long. (fimbriatus, fringed.) Solea jimbriata, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 477, 1862, Gulf of Fonseca. (Coll. Sir John Richardson.) Achirus jimbriatus, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 315, 1889. 3074. ACHIRUS FASCIATUS, Lacépéde. (AMERICAN SOLE; HoG CHOKER.) Head 4 in body; depth 14. D.50 to 55; A. 37 to 46; scales 66 to 75; eye 7in head; height of dorsal and anal nearly 2; caudal 1}. Body broad, regularly elliptical; mouth moderate, reaching just past front of lower Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2701 eye; right lower lip fringed; eyes very small, the upper one in advance of the lower; nostril ending in a wide tube, nearer lower eye than tip of snout; interorbital space with scales, more than + eye; head and body sealed with strongly ctenoid scales, none of them with hair-like append- ages; lateral line nearly straight; gill opening short, about twice as long as maxillary. Origin of dorsal on tip of snout; last few rays of dorsal and anal rapidly decreasing, giving the fins a truncate appearance poste- riorly; pectorals wholly wanting; caudal rounded. Color dusky olive, more or less mottled, and with about 8 dark, vertical stripes, these vary- ing very much in width and in number; vertical fins with the membrane of every second or third pair of rays blackish, besides dark cloudings at base of fin; caudal with numerous longitudinally oblong spots; blind side often with round, dark spots, especially in northern specimens, usually immaculate in southern ones (var. browni). Vertebrie 8+20—28. South Atlantic and Gulf coast, from Cape Ann to Brazos Santiago, ascending sandy streams in shallow water. The species is the best known of the American soles, and it is common along our coast, ascending the rivers for a considerable distance above tide water. It seldom exceeds 5 or 6 inches in length, and is of but little value as food on account of its small size. Here described from a specimen, 4 inches long, from Beaufort, North Caro- lina. This species has not yet been recorded from the West Indies. The form found along the Gulf coast has been described as a distinct species under the name Solea browni. The differences are not very evident. We have compared a number of specimens from Boston ( fasciatus) with others from Pensacola, and find the following differences, none of which is constant: Tn the Gulf variety (browni) the blind side is always immaculate, while in almost all Atlantic examples (fasciatus) the blind side is profusely coy- ered with round, dark spots. In 1 specimen, however (11360, Boston), the blind side is immaculate. The darker cross streaks on the eyed side are usually broader and more numerous in southern specimens, and the scales on the blind side of the head rougher. There are no constant differences either in the fin rays or in the scales. We have examined specimens of this species from Boston, Chestertown, Tarrytown, New York, Port Mon- mouth, Havre de Grace, Potomac River, Neuse River, Beaufort, Charles- ton, Pensacola, Mobile, and Galveston. In 1 large specimen from Pensa- cola (11482, M. C. Z.) there is a rudiment of a pectoral fin on the eyed side. It consists of a single ray 3 as long as the eye. (fasciatus, banded.) Pleuronectes lineatus, LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. xm, 458, 1766, on a specimen from Charles- ton, received from Dr. Garden; not Plewronectes lineatus of Ed. x. Achirus fasciatus, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat., Poiss., rv, 659, 662, 1803, Charleston; excl. syn., description based entirely on the Linnean account of the fish sent by Garden; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 315, 1889. Pleuronectes mollis, M1rcHILL, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y., 1, 1815, 388, pi. 2, fig. 4, New York. Pleuronectes apoda, MiTcHILL, Amer. Monthly Mag. and Crit. Rev., Feb., 1818, 244, Straits of Bahama; perhaps A. lineatus. Trinectes scabra, RAFINESQUE, Atlantic Journal and Friend of Knowledge, 1, 1832, Penn- sylvania, in fresh water. Solea browni, GUNTHER, Cut., Iv, 477, 1862, New Orleans; Texas. 2702 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, Achirus lineatus, CUVIER, Régne Animal, Ed. 2, 11, 343, 1829; GitL, Cat. Fishes East Coast N. Am.,in Rept. U.S. Fish Comm., 1871-72,794; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 368; GOODE, 1. c., 1879, 110; GoopE & BEAN, 1. c., 1879, 123; BEAN, 1. c., 1880, 77; JORDAN & GILBERT, 1. c , 1882, 618; BEAN, 1. c., 1883, 365. Grammichthys lineatus, KAup, Archiv fur Naturgesch. 1858, 101. Achirus mollis, STORER, Synopsis, 228, 1846; SrorER, Hist. Fish. Mass., 206, pl. 32, 1867; De Kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 303, pl. 49, fig. 159, 1842. Achirus achirus mollis, JORDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 137, 1885. Solea achirus, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 476, 1862; not Plewronectes achirus L. Achirus achirus, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 19; JoRDAN, Cat. Fish. N. A., 137, 1885. Achirus lineatus, var. browni, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 305. 3075. ACHIRUS PANAMENSIS (Steindachner). Head 4 in body; depth 13. D.59; A.45; scales 63 to 65; highest dorsal and anal spines 2 in head; caudal 1. Body broad, elliptical; angle of mouth below middle of lower eye; edge of lower lip, on the eyed side, fringed; eyes small, the upper in advance of the lower; interorbital scaled, scarcely as wide as diameter of eye; scales ctenoid; pectorals wholly wanting; origin of dorsal on end of snout; highest rays of anal and dorsal behind their middle; ventral rays short; middle rays of caudal the longest, fin sharply rounded behind. Color brown; about 12 dark cross bands on head and body; between these faint, paler cross bands, which form spots on dorsal and anal; caudal similarly spotted, the spots forming obscure cross bands. (Steindachner.) Pacific coast of tropical America, Panama. Solea panamensis, STEINDACHNER, Ichthyol. Beitrage, v, 10, taf. 1, 1876, Panama. Achirus panamensis, JORDAN & GOss, Review Flounders and Soles, 316, 1889. 1055. APIONICHTHYS, Kaup. Apionichthys, KAup, Archiv fur Naturgesch. 1858, 104 (dwmerili). Soleotalpa, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 489, 1862 (unicolor). Gill openings very small, separate, each reduced to a slight slit below angle of opercle; right ventral beginning at the chin, confluent with the anal; pectoral fins wanting or very small; lateral line present, straight; eyes small; snout dilated, the dorsal beginning upon it. Scales present, etenoid; caudal fin somewhat confluent with dorsal. Left ventral rudi- mentary, with 2 rays. West Indies and Brazil. This genus is closely related to Achiropsis, Steindachner, of the rivers of Brazil, but in the latter genus the ventrals are both well developed. (a-, not; ziwv, fat; Zy9Us, fish.) 3076. APIONICHTHYS UNICOLOR (Giinther). D. 76; A.57; V. right 5, left 2; scales 92. Body very flat and thin, its height being contained 23 times in the total length (without caudal), the length of the head 44 times. The upper part of the snout is dilated, bent downward like an aquiline nose, the end covering the symphysis of the mandibles; the cleft of the mouth is curved, the lower eye being imme- diately above its angle. The eyes are mere points, rather distant from Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2703 each other. The gill opening is reduced to a very smallslit, the gill mem- brane being attached to the sides of the throat. The dorsal fin com- mences on the extremity of the snout and terminates at the root of the caudal, its rays are simple, and each is accompanied by a series of very small ctenoid scales; the longest rays are not quite } as long as the head, and occupy the middle and the third quarter of the fin. Caudal quite free, as long as the head, somewhat pointed. The right ventral appears as a mere continuation of the anal; the left is reduced to 2 minuté rays near the vent. The scales on both sides are ctenoid, those on the neck and on the chin being twice the size of those on the body. Color uniform brownish gray. Coast of Surinam and Brazil. The. above description from Giin- ther, taken from the type of Soleotalpa unicolor. A specimen (No. 4677, M.C. Z.), from Obydos, Brazil, examined by us, differs in coloration, being pale brown, the body and fins profusely covered with round, dark spots of varying sizes, the largest as wide as from eye to eye. Head 41; depth 23. D. 78; A. 56; scales 100; V.2. Eyes reduced to points, the upper in advance of lower, near middle of length of head; gill openings small, sub- equal; right ventral beginning at the chin, continuous with anal; dorsal and anal slightly connected with caudal. Steindachner gives D.72; A. 53; scales 95. Color brownish, mottled with darker spots. Probably Giinther’s specimen is faded. (wnicolor, one-colored. ) Apionichthys dumerili, Kaup, Archiv fur Naturgesch. 1858, 104, no locality; no deserip- tion. Soleotalpa unicolor, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 489, 1862, West Indies. (Coll. Scrivener.) Apionichthys nebulosus, PETERS, Berliner Monatsberichte 1869, 709, Surinam. ? Apionichthys bleekeri, Horst, Nederl. Tydschr. Dierk., Iv, 30, 1878, locality unknown; specimen in Mus. Utrecht. (Description not seen by us.) Apionichthys unicolor, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 603. Apionichthys dumerili, BLEEKER, Neder]. Tydschr. voor Dierkunde, 11, 1865, 305; STEIN- DACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., vit, 48, 1878. 1056. GYMNACHIRUS, Kaup. Gymnachirus, KAuP, Uebersicht der Soleinw, Archiy fur Naturgesch. 1858, 101 (nudus). This genus differs from Achirus in the absence of scales; the dorsal and anal are free from the caudal. Brazil. (yvusuvds, naked; Achirus.) 3077. GYMNACHIRUS FASCIATUS, Giinther. Head 43; depth 13. D. 68; A. 50; pectoral of right side present, very small, of 2 rays, + length of eye; jaws hidden in thick skin; lips and left side of head covered with fringes. Gill opening not extending upward as far as pectoral; vertical fins in thick skin. Olive, with 14 brown cross bands as broad as the interspaces, all extending on dorsal and anal, the first across snout, the second and third across eye; caudal with 3 brown bands. (Giinther.) Locality unknown, probably Surinam or Brazil; a related species (G. nudus, Kaup; no pectoral fins. D. 51; A. 42), being described from Bahia. (fasciatus, banded.) Gymnachirus fasciatus, GUNTHER, Cat., IV, 488, 1862, locality unknown; JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 317, 1889. 2704 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 1057. SYMPHURUS,* Rafinesque. (TONGUE-FISHES. ) Symphurus, RAFINESQUE, Indice d’Ittiologia Siciliana, 52, 1810 (nigrescens). Bibronia, Cocco, Alcuni Pesci del mare di Messina, 15, 1844 (ligulata; larval form). Plagusia, CuviER, Régne Animal, Ed. 2, 1, 344, 1829 (based on Plagusia of Brown); name preoccupied in Crustaceans, Latreille, 1806. Plagiusa, BONAPARTE, Catalogo Metodico, 51, 1846 (lactea); substitute for Plagusia pre- occupied. Aphoristia, KAup, Archiv fur Naturgesch. 1858, 106 (ornata). Glossichthys, GILL, Cat. Fish. E. Coast N. A., 51, 1861 (plagiusa). Ammopleurops, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 490, 1862 (lacteus = nigrescens). ’ Bascanius, SCHIODTE, Naturhist. Tydsskr., Vv, 269, 1867 (tedifer; larval form). Acedia, JORDAN, in JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 321, 1889 (nebulosus). Body elongate, more or less lanceolate in outline, with the eyes and color on the left side; eyes small, very close together, with no distinct interorbital ridge between them; mouth small, twisted toward the blind side; teeth little developed, in villiform bands; edge of preopercle coy- ered by the scales; gill openings narrow, the gill membranes adnate to the shoulder girdle above, joined together and free from the isthmus below; pectoral fins wanting (in the adult); vertical fins more or less confluent; scales ctenoid; lateral line wanting. Ventral fin of eyed side only present, free from the anal; head without fringes. (ovyv, together; ve@, to grow; ovpa, tail; from the united vertical fins.) SYMPHURUS: a. Seales not minute, ctenoid, 65 to 105 in number; dorsal rays 86 to 100; anal rays 70 to 87. b. Seales rather large, about 65; head 44; depth 44; color, clouded brown. ; PIGER, 3078. bb. Seales small, moderately ctenoid, 75 to 105 in a longitudinal series. ec. Dorsal and anal pale anteriorly, becoming more or less abruptly black posteriorly. d. Caudal fin abruptly pale, at least at tip. e. Body elongate, depth 44 in length; head 54. D.96 to 100; A.86 or 87; scales 88 to 90. Color, grayish, speckled with brown; dor- sal and anal fins black on last tenth, the candal abruptly pale; tips of fin rays vermilion. MARGINATUS, 3079. ee. Body deeper, the depth 3} to 32 in length. f. Color, light brown, irregularly barred and marbled with darker; dorsal and anal with 3 to 6 inky blotches poste- riorly. D.92 to 95; A. 75 to 78. ATRAMENTATUS, 3080. * We follow Jordan & Goss in using the name Symphurus instead of Aphoristia, as the so-called Ammopleurops lacteus is a genuine member of the latter genus, and as it seems to be evident that the latter species is the original of Symphurus nigrescens of Raiin- esque. ‘The following is Rafinesque’s description: ‘‘III. Gen. Symphurus. Ala caudale acuta, @ riunita all’ ale dorsali, ed anali, oechj alla sinistra. Osserv. Si dovranno raggu- agliare in questo genere due specie del genere Achirus di Lacepede, cioé gli A. bilineatus, e A.ornatus. Sp.no.44. Symphurus nigrescens. Nerastro senza fascie, allungato, una sola linea laterale da ogni lato.” This single lateral line assumed to distinguish Ammopleurops from Aphoristia is not a real lateral line, but a depression along the median line produced by the junction of the muscles. The species of Symphurus are somewhat numerous and very closely allied. With the exception of the European Symphurus nigrescens, all of them are American. The development of the species is imperfectly known. According to Giglioli, the larva called Bibronia, may belong to this genus, and so possibly may Charybdia. The name Plagusia belongs properly to the present genus rather than to the type of Plagusia bilineata, to which it has been restricted by Kaup and Ginther. It is, however, preoceupied in crustaceans, and in any case, both Plagusia and the substitute name Plagiusa are ante- dated by the name Symphurus. © Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2705 jf. Color, light olive, with numerous roundish brownish black spots much larger than eyes, dorsal and anal black, with narrow white margin. D.94; A.77; scales 95. FASCIOLARIS, 3081. dd. Caudal fin black, as is a large part of dorsal and anal, the black either continuous or in the form of large spots. Color brown- ish, often mottled, usually with more or less distinct darker cross bands and with longitudinal streaks along the rows of scales, sometimes nearly plain brown. z g. Seales quite small, 98 to 105. h. Body decidedly elongate, the depth about 42 in length. D. 97; A. 82; scales 98. ELONGATUS, 3082. hh. Body less elongate, the depth 34 in length; head 53; lon- gitudinal streaks very distinct. D.100; A.80; scales 105. ATRICAUDUS, 3083. gg. Seales rather larger, 75 to 90. i, Body rather elongate, the depth 3$ to 44; dorsal rays 80 to 99; anal 80 to 85; opercular flap large; body with 3 or 4 dark cross bands. LEEI, 3084. ii. Body less elongate, the depth 3; to 32 in length; the head 5} to 5%. D.90 to 95; A.75 to 80. PLAGUSIA, 3085. ec. Dorsal and anal pale throughont, or more or less mottled or spotted with darker, the caudal similarly colored, not distinetly black. Body not very elongate, the depth 3 to 34 in length. (Probably all varieties of S. plagiusa.) j. Body with dark cross bands more or less distinct; the fins mottled or speckled; upper eye slightly in advance of lower: k. Dorsal rays 86 to 95; anal rays 75 to 80; head 5 in length; depth 34; scales 85 to 93; cross bands more distinct than in related species. PLAGIUSA, 3086. kk. Dorsal rays 78 to 85; anal rays 70 to 72; head 5 in length; depth 34; scales 80 to 90. Color, light brown, with darker cross bars, which become obsolete with age. PUSILLUS, 3087. jj. Body uniform grayish, without cross bands; last part of dorsal and anal with 3 or 4 oblong black blotches, each somewhat larger than the eye; upper eye directly above lower; head 53 in length. Scales 85; D.92; A. 75. DIOMEDEANUS, 3088. ddd. Caudal and posterior part of dorsal and anal not black, scarcely darker than anterior part; scales 92; D.93; A. 73. WILLIAMSI, 3089. ACEDIA (Spanish name of Symphurus plagusia at Havana) : aa. Seales very small, ctenoid, each with a median dark streak, which simulates a keel, but is not a ridge; snout and jaws naked; fin rays in increased number. 1. Head 52; depth 43. D.119; A.107; scales 120. Grayish, everywhere mottled with brown. NEBULOSUS, 3090. Subgenus SYMPHURUS. 3078. SYMPHURUS PIGER (Goode & Bean). Head 44 in total length; depth 3+. D.90; A.69 to 75; ventral 4; scales 65-34 (transverse); eye 6 in head; snout 44; mouth oblique, curved, its angle below middle of lower eye; teeth feeble, closely placed, a little stronger on colored side; nostril tubular, a little nearer eye than tip of snout; eyes moderate in size, very close together, the upper very slightly in advance, its distance from the dorsal outline equal to its diameter; scales large, ctenoid, deciduous. Dorsal begining over middle of upper eye; longest dorsal and anal rays3 in depth of body; pectorals obsolete. 2706 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. : Color grayish and brownish, with a submetallic luster upon the scales when examined separately ; the denticulations of the scales dark and prom- inent, giving a clouded general aspect; some of the smaller specimens with large, irregular, brownish blotches above, and a dark subeircular blotch near the root of the tail, its diameter twice eye; colorless below. (Goode & Bean.) West Indies and Gulf of Mexico, in deep water; a well- defined species. (piger, sluggish.) Aphoristia pigra, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xu, 5, 154, 1886, St. Kitts, in about 250 fathoms (Coll. Blake); GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 460, 1896. Symphurus piger, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 326, 1889. 3079. SYMPHURUS MARGINATUS (Goode & Bean). Head 5} in total length; depth 44. D.96 to 100; A. 86 or 87; ventral 4; scales 88 to 90; eye 44 in head; snout 44. Body slender, lanceolate; mouth moderate, oblique, curved, its angle below front of pupil of upper eye; dentition feeble; eyes moderate, close together, the upper very slightly in advance; nostril in a long slender tube, midway between lower eye and tip of snout; scales moderate, strongly and sharply denticulate, not keeled ; origin of dorsal above posterior margin of upper eye; anal scarcely so high as dorsal; median caudal rays short. Color in life, reddish gray, much speckled with brown; belly bluish gray; bases and membranes covering fin rays dark brown; caudal abruptly pale; tips of dorsal and anal rays and some of the membrane covering caudal rays vermilion. West Indies, in deep water. Described from a specimen, 102 mm. in length, collected by the Blake at Station CLXXXI, in 321 fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) (mar- ginatus, edged.) Aphoristia marginata, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x1, No.5, 153, 1886, off St. Vincent (Coll. Blake); GooDE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 459, fig. 376, 1896. Symphurus marginatus, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 323, 1889. 3080. SYMPHURUS ATRAMENTATUS, Jordan & Bollman. Head 43 to 5; depth 34 to 33. D. 92 to 95; A. 75 to 78; scales 95 to 100, 38 inacrossseries. Body more elongate than in S. atricaudus. Eyes larger, the upper in advance of lower, vertical diameter of each 3} to 4 in head. Cleft of mouth somewhat more curved than in S. atricaudus, otherwise similar. Scales larger than in S. atricwudus; spines on posterior margin not so strong. Ventral fins (measured from angle of gill opening) 23 to 3 in head. Color light brown, irregularly barred and marbled with darker; several irregular grayish bars most distinct on posterior parts, a distinct narrow, dark bar behind gill opening; anterior part of dorsal and anal fin pale, posterior dark; anterior part with 4 to 7 dusky oblique areas, pos- terior part with 3 to 6 roundish inky-black spots; caudal black, narrowly tipped with white; each scale with a narrow dark edge. Length about 44 inches. Pacifie Ocean off Colombia, in water of moderate depth; com- mon. Related to Symphurus atricaudus (Jordan & Gilbert), but distin- guished by having 3 to6 black oblong blotches on posterior part of dorsal Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2707 and anal; the general coloration darker; the scales and eyes larger. (atramentatus, inked.) Symphurus atramentatus, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 177, off coast of Colombia, at Albatross Station 2795, Lat. 7° 57’ N., Long. 78° 55’ W., in 33 fathoms. (Type, 41157, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) 3081. SYMPHURUS FASCIOLARIS, Gilbert. Depth3? inlength; head 5}. D.94; A.77; scales95. Eyesmall, 7inhead; cleft of mouth reaching to below middle of lower eye. Color light olive, with numerous roundish brownish-black spots much larger than eye, the largest arranged in 5 vertical dusky cross bars, the spots being connected by a darker ground color; a vertical dusky streak through eye; a wide dusky cross bar, bounded by darker lines on cheeks; dorsal and anal posteriorly black, with narrow white margin; caudal jet-black, with white edge; ven- tral white. Gulf of California, where several specimens were dredged by the Albatross, in shallow water. (Gilbert.) (fasciolaris, with narrow bands. ) Symphurus fasciolaris, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 566, Gulf of California. (Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) 3082. SYMPHURUS ELONGATUS (Giinther). Head 5} in body; depth 4%. D. 97; A. 82; scales 98 to 105; eye 10 or 11 in head; gape of mouth 33; caudal 2}. Body extremely elongate; mouth strongly curved, reaching past lower eye; eyes in contact, the upper in advance; opercle vertical behind, devided into 2 convex flaps by a con- cave portion, its upper end hardly reaching axis of body; scales not keeled, ctenoid. Pectorals obsolete; dorsal beginning above eye; rays of dorsal and anal short, subequal, the fins confluent with the caudal, which ends in a sharp point; ventral of blind side obsolete, that of eyed side on the body ridge, separated from the anal. Color brownish, often mottled, usually with more or less distinct darker cross bands, and with longitudinal streaks along the rows of scales, sometimes nearly plain brown; caudal fin black, as is a large part of the dorsal and anal, the black either contin- uous or in the form of large spots. Pacific coast of Central America; not rare. Here described from a specimen, 6 inches long, from Albatross Station 2804, in Panama Bay, in 47 fathoms. (elongatus, elongate.) Aphoristia ornata, var. elongata, GUNTHER, Fishes Centr. Amer., 473, 1869, Panama. Aphoristia elongata, JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. 1882, 111. Symphurus elongatus, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 323, 1885. 3083. SYMPHURUS ATRICAUDUS (Jordan & Gilbert). (SAN DIEGO SOLE.) Head 54; depth 34. D.100; A.80; scales 105. Body oblong-lanceolate, anteriorly somewhat blunt, regularly narrowed behind and ending in a point; the snout rather abruptly truncate; eyes and color on the left side. Eyes very small, nearly even behind, the upper eye the larger and extend- ing farther forward. A single nostril in front of interorbital space, and 2708 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. apparently a single smaller one below it. Mouth moderate, extending to opposite eye, somewhat turned toward eyed side; lips large, not fringed, the upper with asmall black papilla in advance of lower eye, this apparently normal, but it may be a detached piece of skin, hardened by the alcohol; upper jaw scarcely produced, not forming a hook. Teeth small, on blind side only, the edge of the jaw on eyed side forming a smooth ridge. Gill openings narrow, not extending up to level of mouth. Scales very small, ctenoid, pretty regular over the body, much smaller on the head, the rows of scales rendered very distinct by black dots, the stripes converging toward the snout; scales on the 2 sides of the body similar; no lateral line on either side; about 105 scales (100 to 110) in a longitudinal series from the head to the tail, 45 to 50 in cross series. Dorsal fin beginning on head, continuous with anal around the tail; ventral fin of colored side only present, nearly on ridge of abdomen, and separated from the anal by an interval + longer than cleft of mouth; rays of middle parts of dorsal and anal fins with a fleshy border at base on blind side. Coloration brownish olive, with vertical dark half bars, irregular in size and posi- tion, some of them coming down from the back and others up from the belly, these posteriorly nearly meeting, but anteriorly alternating; streaks of dark points along the rows of scales, these forming very distinct longi- tudinal streaks; posterior part of dorsal and anal broadly edged with black; right side plain white. San Diego to Cape San Lucas, in sandy bays; common in the bay of San Diego, in which locality the numerous specimens before us were taken. A small specimen, 14 inches long, with light spots on the colored side and a pale ocellation on the black of the tail, taken by Mr. Lyman Belding near Cape San Lucas, probably belongs to the same species. (ater, black; cauda, tail.) Aphoristia atricauda, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 23, San Diego; Jor- DAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 842, 1883; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, 1882, 380; JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 54. Symphurus atricauda, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 324, 1889. 3084. SYMPHURUS LEEI, Jordan & Bollman. Head 4 to 44 (44 to 4%); depth 34 to 4 (44 to 44). D. 95 to 100; A. 80 to 85; scales 80 to 90,35 to 38 in a cross series; ventrals 34 to 31 in head. Body more elongate than in 8S. atricaudus or S. atramentatus, approaching that of S. elongatus; outline of under part of head more oblique than in the other Pacific coast species. Eyes larger than in the preceding species, the upper in advance of lower, their vertical diameter 5 to 54 in head; cleft of mouth extending slightly farther back than in §, atricaudus or alramentatus, but not beyond eye asin S. elongatus ; maxillary reaching posterior border of eye, 3} to 4 in head; snout 5} to 53 in head. Scales comparatively large, not so firmly embedded as in S. atricaudus or atramentatus, those on opercles rather large. Opercular flap larger than in other Pacifie species. Color light brown, speckled with darker, and with 3 or 4 broad black cross bands, width of median bands 2}.to 3 in head, the posterior band widest; caudal and the posterior ? of the dorsal and anal Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America. 2709 black; no black spots on dorsal; scales thickly punctulate, but with no distinct darker edgings. Related to Symphurus atricaudus (Jordan & Gil- bert), but the body with 4 wide black cross bands, and the form more elongate. Bayof Panama. Many specimens of this species were obtained at Albatross Station 2804, at a depth of 47 fathoms. It is evidently very different from S. atramentatus, and needs comparison only with S. elongatus, from which it seems to be sufficiently distinct. Length of type 44 inches. (Named for Prof. Leslie A. Lee and Mr. Thomas Lee, naturalists on board the Albatross when the species was discovered. ) Symphurus leei, JORDAN & BOLLMAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1889, 178, Lat. 8° 16/ 30’ N. Long. 79° 37/45’ W. (Type, No. 41134, Coll. Prof. L. A. Lee and Mr. Thomas Lee.) 3085. SYMPHURUS PLAGUSIA® (Bloch & Schneider). (ACEDIA.) Head 5} to 5}; depth 3,'5 to 33 in length. D.90 to 95; A.75 to 80; scales 75 to 85. Body rather elongate. Color brownish, often mottled, usually with more or less distinct darker cross bands, and with longitudinal streaks along the rows of scales, sometimes nearly plain brown; caudal black, including a large part of dorsal and anal, the black continuous as in the form of spots. West Indies to Brazil; Cuba to Rio Janeiro; common. The numerous specimens of this species examined by us are from Havana, Pernambuco, Santos, Rio Janeiro, Curuga, and Victoria. (plagusia, an old name, from zAayzos, oblique. ) Plagusia, BROWNE, Jamaica, 445, No. 1, 1756, Jamaica. Pleuronectes plagusia, BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 162, 1801, Jamaica; after BROWNE. Achirus ornatus, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1v, 659, 1803, on a specimen “‘ presented by Holland to France.” Plagusia tessellata, QUOY & GAIMARD, Voyage Uranie, Zoologie, 240, 1824, Rio Janeiro. Plagusia brasthensis, AGASSIZ, Spix, Pisce. Brasil., 89, tab. 50, 1827, Brazil. * The synonymy of this species is somewhat doubtful. The original type of Pleuwro- nectes plagiusa was sent to Linnwus by Dr. Garden, of Charleston. It would therefore appear probable that this specimen represented thu species of this genus which is found on the Carolina coast. But this typical specimen is stil preserved in the rooms of the Linnean Society in London, where it has been examined by Goode and Bean. From their notes (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 196) we quote: ‘The type of this species may have come from Africa or India. There is considerable doubt as to its origin. (See Garden’s Correspondenee with Linné, p. 314.) D. ca 92, A. ca 80; scales77. The species is more elongate than our specimens of Aphoristia plagiusa, so called, the depth being contained in the total Jength without caudal 4} times and the head 6 times.” As, however, no species of this genus are yet known from Africa or India, it is rather probable that Garden’s fish actually came from Charleston. The greater slenderness of the original type is perhaps due to distortion, and the smaller number than usual of the scales does not afford a marked distinction. The name Achirus ornatus is also doubtful in its proper application. The only thing distinctive in the description of Lacépédeis that the typical specimen was ‘‘given by Holland to France.’’ Many of the species in this Dutch collection seem to have come from Surinam, and this is probably no exception. But Lacépéde’s description might apply as well to any other species of Symphurus as to this. The name Pleuronectes plagusia, given by Schneider to the species described by Browne, seems to admit of no doubt, as this is the only one of the group yet known from Jamaica. If, therefore, the name Symphurusplagiusa be used for the northern species, or dropped altogether as not identified, the present species will stand as Symphurus plagusia. We have compared numerous specimens from Rio Janeiro (representing the nominal species tessellatus or brasiliensis) with others (plagusia—ornata) from Havana. There is certainly no permanent difference. The Brazilian specimens are a little more slender on ee but there are numerous exceptions, and all variations in color are found in both. 2710 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Aphoristia ornata, Kaur, Archiv fur Naturgesch. 1858, 106; GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 490, 1862; Porgy, Synopsis, 409, 1868; Pory, Enumeratio, 140, 1875; KNER, Novara Fische, Il, 292; D.90; A.75; depth 34 in length. Aphoristia plagiusa, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 53; not S. plagiusa of this paper. Symphurus plagusia, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 324, 1889. 3086. SYMPHURUS PLAGIUSA* (Linneus). (TONGUE FIsH.) Head 5; depth 3 to 34. D.86 to 95; A.75 to 80; scales 85 to 93. Body not very elongate. Body grayish, with dark cross bands more distinet than in related species; dorsal and anal more or less mottled or spotted with darker; caudal similarly colored, not distinctly black. South Atlan- tic and Gulf coasts of the United States, from Cape Hatteras to Pensacola and Key West, replacing S. plagusia northward, the species as similar as the two names; very common on the sandy shores of our South Atlantic and Gulf States. Our numerous specimens are from Beaufort, Charles- ton, Pensacola, and Key West. Those from Key West nearly plain gray, as would be expected in fishes taken from the coral sands. (2A ayzos, oblique. ) Pleuronectes plagiusa, LINNZXUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x11, 455, 1766, on a specimen from Dr. Gar- den, probably from Charleston, but the locality not quite certain; and of various copyists. Plagusia fasciata, HOLBROOK MS., De Kay, New York Fauna: Fishes, 304, 1842, Charles- ton. . Glossichthys plagiusa, GILL, Cat. Fish East Coast N. Am., 51, 1861. Plagusia plagiusa, GILL, Cat. Fish. East Coast N. Am., 794, 1873. Aphoristia plagiusa, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 368; JORDAN, l. c., 1880, 22; JoRDAN & GILBERT, l. c., 1882, 305 and 618; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 842, 1883; JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 144. Aphoristia fasciata, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 53. Symphurus plagiusa, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 325, 1889. 3087. SYMPHURUS PUSILLUS (Goode & Bean). Head 5 in total length; depth 3}. D.78; A. 70; scales 85 to 90-35 (trans- verse); eye5}in head; snoutd53; lengthof gape of mouth43. Body slender, lanceolate; mouth small, oblique, curved, its angle under anterior margin of pupil of lower eye; dentition feeble; eyes small, close together, in the same vertical line; tubular nostril midway between lower eye and tip of snout; scales small, strongly ctenoid; jaws and snout scaled. Dorsal beginning above middle of eye, its highest rays 2% in depth of body; greatest height of anal 3; median caudal rays short; ventrals well sepa- rated from anal. Color light brown, with 6 or 7 cross bars of slightly * A specimen of Symphurus, nearly 6 inches long, collected at Beaufort, North Carolina by Prof. 0. P. Jenkins, seems referable to Symphurus pusillus rather than to the typica plagiusa. It is highly mottled in coloration, the body and fins being profusely speckled and blotched with blackish, besides 9 or 10 rather distinct cross bands. D. 85; A. 72; scales about 80. Depth 31 in length. Another large specimen, 7 inches long, from the Florida Keys, is in the museum at Cambridge. This has: D. 82; A. 72; scales76. Depth 3inlength. Color brown, almost plain, except that the tins are mottled, especially poste- riorly; caudal fin not black. If these two specimens are really typical of Symphurus pusillus, it probably can not be separated as a species from S. plagiusa. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2711 darker hue; fins pale, with dusky blotches; blind side white. (Goode & Bean.) Gulf Stream, in deep water. Very close to Symphurus plagiusa. ( pusillus, weak.) Aphoristia pusilla, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 590, Gulf Stream, Lat. 40° N., in deep water; GOoDE & BEAN. Oceanic Ichthyology, 461, fig. 279, 1896. Symphurus pusillus, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18839, 651. 3088. SYMPHURUS DIOMEDEANUS (Goode & Bean). Head 53 in body; depth3}. D. 96 (including } of caudal); A. 79; seales 85; eye 6 in head; snout 5; caudal 10 in total length. Mouth oblique, curved, its angle below front of eye, teeth very feeble; nostril tubular, nearer eye than tip of snout; eyes moderate, equal, very close together, upper eye directly over the lower; scales moderate, somewhat deciduous, ctenoid; jaws and snout with small thin scales. Origin of dorsal above middle of upper eye, highest rays 3} times depth of body; ventrals well separated from the anal. Color uniform gray, lighter below, the scales above somewhat metallic in luster; the last fourth of dorsal with 3 oblong black blotches somewhat larger than eye, the anal with 4, similar in posi- tion; in the young there is a slight brownish marginal line upon each scale, and an appearance of indistinct cloudings of brown upon the colored side. Off Trinidad and Dominica and in the Gulf of Mexico. The speci- men here described was collected by the Albatross at Station 2414, in the Gulf of Mexico, north of the Tortugas, at a depth of 26 fathoms; its length is140 mm. Other specimens were dredged by the Albatross at Station 2362, in Lat. 22° 08’ 30” N., Long. 86° 53’ 30’ W., in 25 fathoms, and at Stations 2121 and 2122, between Lat. 10° 37’ 40’ N., Long. 61° 42’ 40’’ W., and Lat. 10° 37’ N., Long. 61° 44’ 22’ W., in 31 to 34 fathoms. Specimens were also secured by the Blake at Stations XXIV and XXV, off Dominica. (Goode & Bean.) Evidently very close to Symphurus plagiusa. (Diomedea, the Albatross; from the name of the steamer by which most of the deep-sea ex- plorations of the United States Fish Commission have been accomplished. ) Aphoristia diomedeana, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1885, 589, Gulf of Mexico, Lat. 25° 04/ 30’ N., Long. 82° 59/ 15// W. (Type, No. 37347. Coll. Albatross); GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 460, fig. 378, 1896. 3089. SYMPHURUS WILLIAMSIL, Jordan & Culver. Head 44; depth 33. D. 93; A. 73; scales 92. Body more slender than in S. plagiusa, which it much resembles, but less slender than S. elongatus; upper eye slightly in advance of lower. Sand color in life; light gray, everywhere finely mottled with light and dark; traces of a few very nar- row dark cross bands; fins all mottled; caudal and posterior part of dorsal and anal not black, scarcely darker than anterior part. Known only from Mazatlan, where 2 specimens, the larger about 14 inches long, were obtained by Mr. T. M. Williams, in tide pools with sandy bottom in very shallow water near the estuary. (Named for Thomas Marion Williams, a student in biology in Stanford University, discoverer of the species. ) Symphurus williamsi, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 506, pl.55, Mazatlan. (Coll. Hop- kins Exped. to Mazatlan.) 2712 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Subgenus ACEDIA, Jordan. 3090. SYMPHURUS NEBULOSUS (Goode & Bean). Head 5% in total length; depth 43. D.119 (to middle of base of caudal) ; A. 107; V. 5; scales 120; eye 74 in head; snout 5. Body slender; angle of mouth below front of lower pupil; teeth feeble, very slender, and rather closely placed, apparently equally developed on both sides; eyes small, close together, separated by a single row of scales, the upper one very slightly in advance; tubular nostril nearer eye than tip of snout; scales small, etenoid, each with a median dark streak (but not keeled, as erroneously stated in the original description) ;* jaws and snout naked. Origin of dorsal a little behind eyes, highest rays 3 in depth of body; longest anal rays twice length of snout; median caudal rays longest, twice length of snout; pectorals obsolete; ventrals well separated. Color grayish, everywhere mottled with brown; a dark median line on scales. (Goode & Bean.) Gulf stream. A well-marked species. The increased number of fin rays indicates a probability that the number of vertebrae will also be found similarly increased. (nebulosus, clouded.) Aphoristia nebulosa, GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., x, No. 5, 192, 1883, Gulf Stream, off the coast of Carolina; GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 458, fig. 375, 1896. Symphurus nebulosus, JORDAN & Goss, Review Flounders and Soles, 326, 1889. Order CC." PEDICULATL (THE PEDICULATE FISHES.) Carpal bones notably elongate, forming a kind of arm (pseudobrachium) which supports the broad pectoral. Gill opening reduced to a large or small foramen situated in or near the axil, more or less posterior to the pectorals. Ventral fins jugular if present; anterior dorsal reduced to a few tentacle-like, mostly isolated spines; soft dorsal and anal short; no scales. First vertebra united to cranium by a suture; epiotics united behind supraoccipital; elongate basal pectoral radii (actinosts) reduced in number; no interclavicles; post-temporal broad, flat, simple; upper pharyngeals 2, similar, spatulate, with anterior stem and transverse blade; basis of cranium simple; no air duct to theswim bladder. Marine fishes, chiefly of the tropics and the oceanic abysses. The group is an off- shoot from the Acanthopteri, its chief modifications being in the elongation of the actinosts and in the position of the gill opening. Its nearest rela- tives among the spiny-rayed fishes are, perhaps, the Datrachoidida. (pediculatus, having a footstalk.) ANALYSIS OF FAMILIES OF PEDICULATI. a. Gill openings in or behind the lower axil of the pectoral; mouth large, terminal. b. Pseudobranchix present; pseudobrachia with 2 actinosts; head broad, depressed, the enormous mouth with very strong teeth; ventrals present. LopHiip®, CCXXI. * The appearance of ‘‘ keeled scales,” described by Goode & Bean, is due to a black line on the skin under the center of each row of scales. There seems to be no real keel, and the species is congeneric with the other species of Symphurus. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2713 bb. Pseudobranchix none; pseudobracbia with 3 actinosts. c. Ventrals present; arm angulate, the pseudobrachia elongate. ANTENNARIID®, CCXXI. ec. Ventrals wanting, arm not angulate, the pseudobrachia moderate. CERATID, CCXXIII, aa. Gill openings in or behind the upper axil of the pectoral; mouth small, usually inferior. OGCOCEPHALID, CCXXIY, Family CCXXI. LOPHIID, (THE ANGLERS.) Head wide, depressed, very large. Body contracted, conical, tapering rapidly backward from the shoulders. Mouth exceedingly large, terminal, opening into an enormous stomach; upper jaw protractile; maxillary without supplementary bone; lower jaw projecting; both jaws with very strong, unequal, cardiform teeth, some of the teeth canine-like, most of them depressible; vomer and palatines usually with strong teeth. Gill openings comparatively large, in the lower axil of the pectorals. Pseu- dobranchie present. Gill rakers none. Gills 3. Skin mostly smooth, naked, with many dermal flaps about the head. Spinous dorsal of 3 iso- lated, tentacle-like spines on the head, and 3 smaller ones behind, which form a continuous fin; second dorsal moderate, similar to the anal; pec- toral members scarcely geniculated, each with 2 actinosts and with elon- gate pseudobrachia; ventrals jugular, I, 5, widely separated, large, much enlarged in the young. Young with the head spinous. Pyloric ceca present. Two genera, with 4 or 5 species, living on sea bottoms, at mod- erate or great depths; remarkable for their great voracity. (Pediculati, part, genus Lophius, Giinther, Cat., 111, 178-182, 1861.) a. Vertebre 27 to 31. Lopuivs, 1058. aa. Vertebre 18 or 19 only. LOPHIOMUS, 1059. 1058. LOPHIUS (Artedi) Linnzeus. (FISHING-FROGS. ) Lophius (ARTED!) LINN2XUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 1, 236, 1758 (piseatorius). Characters of the genus included above. Vertebre numerous, about 30 in number. (Lophius, the ancient name of L. piscatorius, from Addos, a crest. ) 3091. LOPHIUS PISCATORIUS, Linnzus. (COMMON ANGLER; FISHING-FROG; MONKFISH; GOOSEFISH; ALL-MovuTH; BELLOWs-FISH.) D. I-I-I, III-10; A.9. Body depressed, tapering, scarcely longer than head. Humeral spine with 3 points, of which the posterior is the longest. Head surrounded with a fringe of barbels; top of head, in young, with many strong spines. Anterior dorsal spine elongate, fleshy attip. Brown- ish, mottled, below white; mouth behind the hyoid bone immaculate; pec- torals and candal black at tip; peritoneum black, Length 3 feet. North 3030-——93 2714 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Atlantic, on both coasts; generally common, ranging southward along the shore to Cape Hatteras; found in deep water as far south as Barbados, in 209 fathoms, and to the Cape of Good Hope; northward to Norway and Nova Scotia. A well-known fish of singular ugliness of appearance, and of enormous voracity. (Eu.) (piscatorius, pertaining to an angler, in allusion to the baited dorsal spines which overhang the cavernous mouth.) Lophius piscatorius,* LinNzus, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 1, 236, 1758, seas of Europe; after ARTEDI, Lophius ore cirrhoso, etc.; GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 179, 1861; GILL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 219; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 844, 1883. Lophius americanus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 380, 1837, Philadel- phia (Coll. Le Sueur); STORER, Hist. Fish. Mass., pl. 18, fig. 2, 101, 1867. 1059. LOPHIOMUS, Gill. Lophiomus, GILL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 552 (setigerus). This genus is closely allied to Lophius in external characters, but it is strikingly distinguished by the reduced number of its vertebre, which are only 18 or 19, a fact which is associated with its tropical habitat. One species from the Pacific. (Lophius ; @/10s, Shoulder, in apparent allusion to the trifid humeral spine. ) 3092. LOPHIOMUS SETIGERUS (Vahl). Dorsal IIJ-III-9; A. 5. Head above orbits and laterally with numer- ous spines and prickles; humeral bone ending in 3 blunt points; numerous cirri scattered along sides of head and body. Vertebre 18. Color dusky; floor of mouth black posteriorly, but without white spots; pectorals and ventrals pale on basal half, black distally; caudal and anal black, with some white spots; soft dorsal translucent, with black specks; first dorsal spine with its membranaceous tip white, the latter provided with 2 black eye-like spots.. Pacific Ocean; not uncommon in rather deep water off coasts of China and Japan. Known on the American coast from 1 speci- * According to Professor Horace A. Hoffman this fish is called in Athens Teoxavdpizga or Ilecxavtpizga. These names, ‘‘ probably of Italian origin, meaning fisher; xAaoxa, at Chalcis, cxAeu70d, and BatpaxoWapo at Patras. The Batpaxos 0 adtevs (the fisher frog) of Aristotle. (See Aristotle 505a 6b 4, 506b 16, 564b 18, 565b 29, 570b 30, 620b 11 ff, 695b 14, 696a 27, 749a 23, 754a 23 ff, 755a 9, 835b 18, 1527b 41-43, 540b 18.) Aristotle says with regard to the Barpayos: ‘Inasmuch as the flat front part is not fleshy, nature has compensated for this by adding to the rear and the tail as much fleshy substance as has been subtracteé in front.’ The Bdatpaxos is called the angler. He fishes with the hair-like filaments hun before his eyes. On the end of each filament is a little knob just as if it had been plated there for a bait. He makes adisturbance in sandy or muddy places, hides himself and raises these filaments. When the little fishes strike at them he leads them down with the filaments until he brings them to his mouth. The Batpaxos is one of the ceAaxy. All the oeAaxy are viviparous or ovoviviparous except the Batpaxos. The other flat cedAaxyy have their gills uncovered and underneath them, but the Barpaxos has its gills on the side and covered with skinny opercula, not with horny opercula like the fish which are not cedaxodn. Some fishes have the gall bladder upon the liver, others have it upon the intes- tine, more or less remote from the liver and attached to it by aduct. Such are Barpayxos, E\AOW, cuvaypis, guvpacva, and gupias. (This has been proved true of Lophius piscatorius by a dissection by Dr. C. H. Gilbert.) The Barpayxos is the only one of the ceAayn which is oviparous. This is on account of the nature of its body, for it has a head many times as large as the rest of its body, and spiny and very rough. For this same reason it does not afterwards admit its young into itself. The size and roughness of the head prevents them both from coming out (i. e., being born alive) and from going in (being taken into the mouth of the parent). The Bdarpaxos is most prolific of the ceAaxyn, but they are scarce because the eggs are easily destroyed, for it lays them in a bunch near the shore.”’ (Hoffman & Jordan, Proc. Ac, Nat. Sci. Phila., 1892, 278.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2715 men, 24 inches long, dredged at Albatross Station 2805, southwest of Pan- ama. From this specimen, the above description is taken. Comparing this with a larger specimen taken at Tokio by Prof. K. Otaki, we find no differences likely to prove permanent. (seta, bristle; gero, I bear.) Lophius setigerus, VAHL,* Skrivt. Naturh., Iv, 214, tab. 3, figs. 5 and 6, 1797, China Sea; CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Xu, 383, 1837; GUNTHER, Cat., II, 180, 1861. Lophius viviparus, BLocH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 142, 1801, tab. 32, China Sea; after Vahl. ‘ Lophiomus setigerus, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 454. Family CCXXII. ANTENNARIIDA. (THE FROG-FISHES. ) Head and body more or less compressed. Mouth vertical or very oblique, opening upward; lower jaw projecting; jaws with cardiform teeth; premaxillaries protractile. Gill openings small, pore-like, in or behind the lower axils of the pectorals. No pseudobranchiw. Gills 24 or 3; skin naked, smooth, or prickly. Pectoral members forming an elbow-like angle. Pseudobrachia long, with 3 actinosts. Ventral fins present, jugular, near together. Spinous dorsal of 1 to 3 separated, tentacle-like spines; soft dorsal long, larger than anal. Pylorie crea none. Genera about 5; species 50. Inhabitants of tropical seas, “living on floating seaweed, and enabled, by filling the capacious stomach with air, to sustain themselves on the surface of the water;” therefore widely dispersed by currents in the sea. (Pediculati, pt., Giinther, Cat., 111, 182 to 200, 1861.) a. Head compressed; a rostral spine or tentacle, followed by 2 larger spines; palatine teeth developed; dorsal spines disconnected, b. Skin naked and smooth; ventral fins elongate. PTEROPHRYNE, 1060. bb. Skin covered with prickles; ventral fins shert. ANTENNARIUS, 1061. aa. Head cuboid; a single rostral spine or tentacle, received in a groove; soft dorsal low. CHAUNAX, 1062. 1060. PTEROPHRYNE, Gill. (Moussr-FIsH. ) Pterophryne, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 90 (bougainvillei). Pterophrynoides, GILL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., I, 1878, 216 (histrio); name a substitute for Pterophryne, if the latter be regarded as preoccupied by the earlier Pterophrynus. Body smooth or scarcely granular, short, somewhat compressed, with tumid abdomen; mouth small, oblique; palate with teeth; wrist and pec- toral fin slender; ventrals elongated; soft dorsal and anal vertically *Lophiomus setigerus, is thus described by Dr. Giinther: “Dorsal IIL-II1, 8 or 9; A.6or7. Teeth arranged in 2 alternate series in the upper jaw, in 3 in the lower; 2 or 3 teeth on each side of the vomer; humeral spine terminating in 3 points; the mouth behind the hyoid bone purplish black, with white spots. Vertebrie 19, the anterior ones very short, the middle and posterior ones nearly equal in length. Coasts of China and Japan.”’ (Ginther.) 2716 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, expanded. Small fishes of fantastic shape in the West Indies and Gulf Stream. (areporv, wing; ¢evv7, toad.) a. ‘* Bait” on first dorsal spine bifurcate at tip. HISTRIO, 3093. aa. ‘‘ Bait” on first dorsal spine bulbous, covered with fleshy filaments. GIBBA, 3094. 3093. PTEROPHRYNE HISTRIO (Linnzus). (MovusE-FIsH; SARGASSUM-FISH.) Head 24; depth 1#. D. III-14; A.7; V.5. Skin of head and body, as well as dorsal fins, with fleshy tags, which are most numerous on the dor- sal spines and abdomen. Wrist slender; ventrals large, nearly $ as long as head. Dorsal and anal with the posterior rays not adnate to caudal peduncle; first dorsal spine bifurcate at tip. Yellowish, marbled with brown; 3 dark bands radiating from eye; vertical fins barred with brown; belly and sides with small white spots. Tropical parts of the Atlantic; abundant on our Gulf coast and occasional northward to Cape Hatteras or beyond, especially in floating masses of Sargassum. Once taken in Europe (Vadsé, Norway) in floating seaweed from the Gulf Stream. Recorded from the coast of Senegambia; its history and synonymy con- fused with that of the following species. A remarkable fish, excessively variable in coloration. (histrio, a harlequin.) Lophius tumidus, OSBECK, Iter Chinensis, 400, 1757, Open Sea; pre-Linnzan. Lophius histrio,* LINN«&US, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 237, 1758, after various authors, especially Balistes guaperva seu chinensis, LINNZUS, Mus. Ad. Fr., 56. Pterophryne histrio, GILL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 216; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthy- ology, 486, 1896. Antennarius histrio, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 846, 1853; COLLETT, Campagnes Hiron- delle, 38, 1896. *Concerning the use of the name histrio for this species, Dr. Gill remarks: “In 1794 (as appears from the dates on the plates), Shaw published a number of his ‘Naturalists’ Miscellany,’ in which he described 3 fishes under the generic name of Lophius. These were described as (1) Lophius striatus (the Striated Lophius), pl. 175; (2) Lophius pictus (the Variegated Lophius), pl. 176, upper figure, and (3) Lophius marmo- ratus (the Marbled Lophius), pl. 176, lowerfigure. The originals of these are evidently the varieties (a, b, and c) of Lophius histrio admitted by Bloch & Schneider. Itis quite clear that the first two were based on species of typical Antennarius (not Pterophryne), while the third is incomprehensible, and, if the figure is at all correct, must represent a facti- tious fish; it most certainly has nothing to do with Pterophryne. The other species, how- ever, notwithstanding the bac figures, are readily identifiable. The Lophius striatus (as has recently been recognizea by Giinther) is the first name of an Antennarius peculiar to the Pacitic, and quite distinct from the Caribbean Antennarius scaber (=A. histrio Giin- ther), with which it was at first confounded by Giinther. ‘The Lophius pictus was evidently based on the species or variety of Antennarius which was afterwards named Antennarius phymatodes by Bleeker, and it agrees very ciosely, in the distribution of colors, with a specimen figured by that ichthyologist, and would probably be considered by Giinther as a variety of his Antennarius commersonii. But whatever may be the value of the forms embraced under the name Antennarius commersonii by Gimther—-whether species or varieties—the name Antennarius pictus must be revived from Shaw, either especially for the Antennarius phymatodes of Bleeker or for the collection designated as Antennarius commersonii. It has thus been demonstrated (1) that the Linnzan name, Lophius histrio, was originally created for the common Pterophryne, and (2) that the names generally employed for the Pterophryne were originally applied to very different forms, and mem- bers of evenadifferent genus. Hence if the laws of priority, as formulated by the British and American Associations for the Advancement of Science, are to guide us, there can be no question that the species of Pterophryne must hereafter be designated as Pterophryne histrio; if, however, it is allowable to go behind even the tenth edition of the Systema Nature and to take the oldest binomial name, without other considerations, the desi - tion tumidus must be revived. It seems best, however, to follow general usage.” (Gill, Proc. U.S, Nat, Mus., I, 1878, 226.) yi Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 201% Chironectes pictus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X11, 393, 1837, Surinam. Chironectes tumidus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 397, 1837, ‘‘Cabinet du Roi,” Sargasso Sea. (Coll. Péron.) Chironectes arcticus, DiBEN & KOREN, Kong. Vet. Akad. Abh. Stockholm 1844, 72, Vadso, Norway, from a specimen carried northward in Sargassum; the only European rec- ord; fide COLLETT. Antennarius marmoratus, GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 185, 1861; in part; not of Cuvier. Ohironectes levigatus, DE Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fishes, 165, pl. 27, fig. 83, 1842; not of CUVIER. 3094. PTEROPHRYNE GIBBA (Mitchill). Garman refers to this species certain specimens obtained in Gulf weed about Key West and the Tortugas. These resemble P. histrio, but ‘differ markedly in certain respects. The bait on the first dorsal spine, for in- stance, is bulbous and covered with slender fleshy filaments in our indi- viduals, but in P. histrio it is bifurcate. P. gibbus is fairly represented by Cuvier, 1817, in his Chironectes levigatus. The formula for the individuals in hand is D. III, 12; A.7; V.5; P.10; C.9.” (Garman.) West Indies, north to Key West and the Tortugas; not examined by us; probably com- mon, but hitherto confounded with P. histrio. (gibbus, gibbous. ) Lophius gibbus, Mircutty, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y. 1815, 1, pl. 4, f. 9, off St. Croix, Lat. 22° N., Long. 64° W. (Coll. Dr. John D. Jaques.) Ohironectes levigatus, CUvIER, Mém.du Mus., ul, 423, pl. 16, fig. 1, 1817, South Carolina (Coll. Bosc) ; CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Xu, 399, 1837. Pterophryne levigata, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1863, 90. ? Chironectes sonntagii,* Baron J. W.VON MULLER, Reisen in den Vereinigten Staaten, Canada und Mexico, Band 1, 180, 1864, in floating seaweed; no exact locality stated. Pterophrynoides gibbus, GARMAN, Bull. Iowa Lab. Nat. Hist. 1896, 81. 1061. ANTENNARIUS, Lacépéde. Antennarius (COMMERSON) LAcEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1, 421, 1798 (chironectes). Histrio, FiscHER, Zoognosia, 78, i813 (histrio, ete.). (No type; includes all known Anten- nariide; description transposed with that of Lophius by error.) Chironectes, CUVIER, Régne Animal, Ed. 2, vol. 11, 252, 1829 (chironectes); preoccupied in mammals, Illiger, 1811. Body oblong, compressed, very deep throngh the occipital region, taper- ing behind; breast tumid; mouth rather large, more or less oblique, or even vertical; cardiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; eye small; skin with small granules or spinules, these usually forked, and numerous fleshy slips. First dorsal spine developed as a small rostral tentacle; * The following is the substance of the long account of P. sonntagii (Von Miiller): “DPD. II, 10 to 12; P.10 or 11; C. 6 to7 (‘ Strahlenpaare’); B.6. Head and body slightly compressed; dorsal spines like little horns, covered over and over with spinous growths. Mouth wide, with numerous rows of small teeth; throat and belly with many fleshy slips. Pectorals produced on a long peduncle like the flippers of a tortoise; ventrals similar, but formed more like feet; anal finlikea rudder. Color clear yellowish green, with green- ish brown stripes; a broad dark stripe across breast to root of pectoral; another on the back; another on the side, running backward in the form of a hammer, paler at last on lower part of back® several stripes and spots, more or less dusky, on the tail and other extremities; on the soft underside to the anal intense reddish golden yellow spots; be- tween the dark streaks and the yellow ground color of the body are often white shades and IT RES eye fiery orange. Atlantic Ocean or Gulf of Mexico; living in floating seaweed.” This species must be a Pterophryne, and it is not evidently different from Pterophryne gibba. 2718 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. second and third dorsal spines strong, covered with skin, with numerous fleshy filaments; soft dorsal high and long; anal short and deep; caudal fin rounded, the peduncle free; pectoral fins wide, with a rather wide wrist, at the lower posterior angle of which are the very small gill open- ings; ventral fins short. Fantastic-looking fishes, often gaily colored; very numerous in warm seas. (antenna, a feeler or tentacle.) a. Bulbous tip or ‘‘bait’’ of first dorsal spine simple, undivided at tip. b. Skin smoothish except about eyes; first dorsal spine short, second rough. Body brown, with whitish spots; no ocelli. INOPS, 3095. bb. Skin with prickles, velvety or shagreen-like. c. Prickles simple, none of them bifid. d. Color black; tips of pectorals and ventrals and one or two spots on side white (prickles undescribed). PRINCIPIS, 3096. dd. Color dusky; dorsal with 3 ocelli; caudal with many spots; first dor- sal longer than second; no dermal flaps. TENEBROSUS, 3097. ddd. Color reddish or grayish, reticulate with heavy black lines; first dorsal spine short. RETICULARIS, 3098. ec. Prickles or spinules on body mostly bifid. e. Body without ocelli; first dorsal spine filiform. f. Mouth immaculate within; body with numerous rosy and dusky tracts, the latter forming bars and concentric streaks below; fins barred. STRIGATUS, 3099. ff. Mouth largely black within; body blood red, with black spots on sides and below dorsal. 5 . SANGUINEUS, 3100. ee. Body with 3 large ocelli, 1 on dorsal, 1 on caudal, and 1 on middle of side, besides many black spots and streaks; tip of first dorsal spine fringed; mouth largely black within. OCELLATUS, 3101. aa. Bulbous tip or ‘‘bait”’ on first dorsal spine bifid at tip; skin shagreen-like. g. Color reddish, with brown spots, those about the eye radiating. h. Dermal flaps numerous on body; spinules on skin short and stiff, rendering the surface shagreen-like. SCABER, 3102. hh. Dermal flaps few; spinules on skin longer and slender, rendering the surface velvety. TIGRIS, 3103. gg. Color uniform black; surface of body rongh, shagreen-like; inside of mouth white; first dorsal spine short, little longer than second. NUTTINGHL, 3104. aaa. Bulbous tip or ‘‘ bait’ of first dorsal spine trifid. i. First dorsal ray twice as long as second and as long as caudal; sides with numerous black ocelli, besides other streaks and dark spots; skin smoothish. MULTIOCELLATUS, 3105. ii. First dorsal spine barely 3 longer than second; shorter than caudal; sides with dark streaks and reticulations; a large ocellus under middle of soft dorsal; body rough, with shagreen. RADIOSOS, 3106. 3095. ANTENNARIUS INOPS, Poey. Depth 2? with caudal. Skin lustrous, smooth, except for some points behind and below eye; third of the first 3 dorsal rays largest, its mem- brane not reaching to vent; second ray also large, but shorter, placed between eyes; first spine developed as a fishing rod, filiform, ending in a small, membranaceous lobe, its base close to that of second, and, therefore, distant from end of snout, its spine short, the tip not reaching middle of second spine; short tentacles, like horns, on anterior part of third spine, over the nostrils, and under the mouth; caudal rounded; pectoral so joined that it can not be turned forward as usual in this group, but rising Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2719 obliquely backward and upward. Eye slightly longer than snout; mouth brown within. Color brown, with white spots on the body and median fins, 6 of the largest of these each with the center yellowish, the largest from once to twice diameter of eye; spots on dorsal fins small; eye golden. Porto Rico. (Poey.) Not seen by us. The type 70 mm. long. (inops, helpless. ‘‘I call this species ‘inops’ on account of the miserable fishing rod which has fallen to its lot.” Poey.) Antennarius inops, PoEY, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., X, 1881, 340, Porto Rico. (Coll. Don Juan Giindlach.) 3096. ANTENNARIUS PRINCIPIS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). D. III-11; A. 7; P.10. Anterior dorsal spine twice as long as second, ending in a small, slender lobe; membrane behind third spine extending to root of soft dorsal; last ray of dorsal not reaching caudal. Skin rough, covered with small spines; no cutaneous fringes. Black; tips of pectorals and ventrals white; a small white spot above pectoral. (Giinther.) West Indies to Brazil; not seen by us. Giinther’s specimen, above described, from Para. (principis, of the prince. Named for its discoverer, Prince Maurice of Nassau. ) Chironectes principis,* CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 416, 1837, Brazil; on 2 drawings by Prince Maurice, the second representing the present species to which Giinther restricts the name principis. The first figure is more like tigris. Antennarius principis, Giinther, Cat., 111, 193, 1861. 3097. ANTENNARIUS TENEBROSUS (Poey). D. 111-12; A.7; P.11. Anterior dorsal spine longer than second, termi- nating in a simple and slender tentacle; soft dorsal fin terminating at some distance from caudal. Skin rough, covered with small spines, with- out cutaneous fringes. Blackish brown, marbled with darker and lighter; a series of 3 black, blue-edged ocelli on upper posterior part of dorsal fin; many similar ocelli on caudal fin, irregularly disposed. (Poey.) Cuba. Not seen by us. (tenebrosus, dusky.) Chironectes tenebrosus, POEY, Memorias, I, 219, pl. 17, fig. 1, 1851, Cuba. Antennarius tenebrosus, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 197, 1861. 3098. ANTENNARIUS RETICULARIS, Gilbert. D. I1l-12; A. 7. First dorsal spine short, very slender and filiform, not reaching tip of second, terminating in a short, fleshy flap; second spine moderately robust, flexible, not enrved backward, wholly free and with- * Concerning this nominal species and Chironectes mentzelii, both of which were based on drawings by Prince Maurice, Cuvier & Valenciennes remark: ‘‘ We here cite these figures, and we give them specific names only to fix the attention of travelers and to get them to find the species which have served as models for these figures.” : “The following is the substance of the original description of Chironectes principis: In the first figure, color very deep brown, speckled with black spots on body and fins; dorsal fin with only 1 series of spots. Filament of first spine twice as long as that of the second, and terminating in a little knob or bait, the second spine free from the first and similar in shape. Second figure of the same form, the second dorsal longer, the first ray ending in a spiral, and the whole body white, with 2 white round spots on each side, one above the other. 2720 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. out membrane; third spine nearly erect, not free, depressible with diffi- culty; not curved as in 4. sanguineus; spines on the body rather coarse and shagreen-like, with expanded, undivided tips. Color in spirits, top of head, including dorsal spines and front of soft dorsal, coral red, the body otherwise light gray, broadly reticulated on sides and below: with heavy black lines, which inclose 5 or 6 large pale spots; pectorals, ven- trals, and anal with narrow terminal and wide median black bars. Soft dorsal uniformly light. This species closely resembles A. sanguineus, but differs from it in the straight, erect spinules, the color, and the character of the plates on the body. Length 1}inches. Gulf of California. (Gil- bert.) Only the type known. (reticularis, netted.) Antennarius reticularis, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 566, Gulf of California, at Albatross Station 2825. (Coll. Gilbert.) 8099. ANTENNARIUS STRIGATUS, Gill. D. III-12; A. 7. First dorsal spine elongate, filiform, twice length of second, with very slender, dermal tip; third spine more robust than second, wholly concealed in the skin, its length equal to that of first spine. Lips, maxillary, and a large transverse area behind second dorsal spine naked, each side of this area with a few spinous tubercles; skin elsewhere covered with fine shagreen-like armature. Color in spirits, oli- vaceous everywhere on body and on inside of mouth, finely mottled with light olive brown; many irregular blackish areas on head and body, those on lower side of nead showing a tendency to form concentric bars; some on sides forming irregular bars downward from back; posterior portion of body not darker than the anterior; terminal parts of all the fins largely blackish, but with distinct black bats; some scattered round blotehes on sides, each consisting of a number of smaller black spots on an olive ground; head and body with numerous pinkish and rose-red spots and bars, the latter sinuous, irregular, with wavy margins; a pinkish bar behind maxillary; a.broad, saddle-like pinkish blotch across interval between second and third dorsal spines; a third bar from in front of ori- gin of second dorsal downward toward base of pectorals; a fourth across top of caudal peduncle; first dorsal spine narrowly barred with brown. Pacifie coast of tropical America, from Cape San Lucas to Panama. Here described from an adult, 10 inches in length, from Panama. This differs considerably from the descriptions of the young (strigatus, tenuifilis) given by Gill and Giinther. Two young individuals, types of A, strigatus, are thus characterized by Dr Gill: “The anterior dorsal spine is very slender and filiform, without appendages; the second is straight and moderate; the third concealed and developed as a hump, obtuse behind. The spines which cover the body are small and mostly bifid. The back and front of the dorsal fin are reddish; the rest light brown, with black stripes which diverge down- ward above the pectorals, those in front being parallel with the profile and at right angles with those behind; around the pectoral fins and on the flanks, the streaks are generally blended to form a continuous black Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2721 area; a black dorsal saddle is in front of the dorsal fin, and a black band covers the posterior half of the caudal fin; the abdomen is broadly reticu- lated with black, and the brown intervals themselves are frequently striated with the same color; the interior of the mouth is immaculate.” (strigatus, striped. ) Antennarius strigatus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 92, Cape San Lucas (Coll. J. Xantus), young; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 650, adult; JORDAN, Cat. Fishes, 138, 1885. ; Antennarius tenuifilis, GUNTHER, Fishes Centr. Amer., 440, 1869, Panama; young. 3100. ANTENNARIUS SANGUINEUS, Gill. Anterior dorsal spine very slender, 2} in length of caudal fin, terminat- ing in a flap extended on each side, laciniated outward; second spine rough, robust, and curved strongly backward at its end; third not free, but apparent as a hump pointed backward, and extending 3 of the distance from its insertion to that of dorsal fin; skin covered with small bifid spines, whose prongs diverge considerably and are acute. Color blood red, except on abdomen, but with several more or less distinct black spots under origin of dorsal fin and on sides; abdomen light or yel- lowish brown, spotted with black; intervals between caudal and anal rays also marked with black; floor of mouth behind tongue with 2 lateral black bands converging toward the front, while the posterior margin of the tongue itself is also sometimes lined with black. (Gill.) Pacifie coast of tropical America, Cape San Lucas to Panama; searce. (sanguin- eus, bloody.) Antennarius sanguineus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1863, 91, Cape San Lucas (Coll. Xantus); JORDAN, Cat. Fishes, 138, 1885. Antennarius leopardinus, GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1864, 151, Panama. 3101. ANTENNARIUS OCELLATUS (Bloch & Schneider). Depth 15 in length. D.II-I-14; A.8; P.11; orbit equaling snout, eye much smaller; maxillary 34 in hody; pectoral rays 54; caudal4. Body short, oblong, compressed, very deep through occipital region; mouth large, subyertical; teeth small, sharp, cardiform, in wide bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; maxillary extending downward to below axis of body; a very large knob at symphysis; lower part of head with many large, thick tentacles. First 2 dorsal spines on interorbital space, the first slender, terminating in a fringed lobe, the second shorter and much thicker, behind it a smooth depression; the third spine exceedingly rough and thick, blunt at tip and adnate to body; soft dorsal long and low, its origin in front of middle of body, tips of last rays reaching base of cau- dal; anal posterior, tips of its rays coterminous with dorsal rays, its height equal to its length; pectorals near middle of body, placed far below axis; ventrals short, the rays thickened, their position under poste- rior edge of eye. Skin covered with minute bifurcate spines, running upon dorsal, anal, and caudal rays; gill opening in front and below pectoral, its length about equal to snout. Color brown, marbled with 2722 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. lighter, and with scattered black dots, especially on belly and outer por- tions of dorsal and caudal; each side with 3 large black spots ocellated with brownish, 1 on dorsal near its base, a second immediately below it on the sides, and a third in the middle of the caudal fin; mouth behind tongue black, with yellow lines. West Indies, north to Florida. Common in the West Indies; the most abundant of the American species. Here described from a specimen from off Pensacola, Florida, about 15 inches in length. Mr. Garman gives the following note on Antennarius ocellatus : ‘The species was tolerably figured by Parra, but has not been recognized by some of the subsequent writers. On 5 specimens before me the amount of variations in markings is comparatively small. The 3 large ocelli, on dorsal, caudal, and middle of side, are present on each, as is also the case with the numerous small spots of black on the ventral portions of the body and on the outer portions of dorsal and caudal. The dorsal ocellus lies between the sixth and seventh rays, on the middle of the fin; that on the flank is situated on the vent, and that on the caudal between the fourth and fifth rays, from the top, near the middle of the fin. The black portion of either of these spots is larger than the orbit, which latter is rather small when contrasted with that of other species. The white cir- cle around the black, again, is surrounded by a narrow one of brown. On the caudal, at each side of the ocellus, there are transverse streaks. The first ray of the dorsal is as long as the second, and is covered by scales. The bulb apparently is simple, and bears numerous laciniw. The second dorsal spine is shorter than the third; both are club shaped. The space behind the second dorsal spine is covered by scales.” (ocellatus, with eye-like spots. ) Pescador, PARRA, Dif. Piezas, Hist. Nat., 1, tab. 1, 1780, Cuba. Lophius nistrio, var. ocellatus, BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 142, 1801; after PARRA. Antennarius pleurophthe lmus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 92, Key West; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 846, 1883; JORDAN, Cat. Fishes, 138, 1885; GoopDE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 487, 1896. Antennarius ocellatus, PoEY, Synopsis, 105, 1868; GARMAN, Bull. Iowa Lab. Nat. Hist. 1896, 82. 3102. ANTENNARIUS SCABER (Cuvier). D. IlI-12; A.7; P.9 or 10. Anterior dorsal spine as long as second, and provided with 2 long and thick cutaneous flaps at its tip; third dorsal spine not continuous with the soft dorsal; soft dorsal fin terminating at some distance from the caudal, its last ray not extending to root of cau- dal, if laid backward; dorsal spines, head, back, and sides of the body with more or less numerous cutaneous fringes, those of dorsal spines some- times forming a dense cluster; skin very rough, covered with small spines. Ground color yellowish or reddish, with numerous brown spots, those around the eye forming radiating streaks; dorsal and anal fins with 3 series of round brown spots, the middle of which is formed by the largest and most constant spots; sometimes uniform brown. Caribbean Sea. (Giinther.) A small specimen from Port Castries, St. Lucia, has the body Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2723 light brown, clouded with darker, fins all with round black spots, those of the base of the dorsal somewhat larger than others; ventrals tipped with black. (scaber, rough.) Chironectes scaber, CUVIER, Mém. Mus., 111, 425, pl. 16, fig, 2, 1817, Martinique (Coll. Plée) ; CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 412, 1837. Lophius spectrum, GRONOW, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 49, 1854, Antilles; after Lophius acute scabra, GRONOW, Zoophyl., 210, 1781. Antennarius scaber, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, 652, specimen from Port Castries, St. Lucia. Antennarius histrio, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 188, 1861; not Lophius histrio, LINN&Us. 3103. ANTENNARIUS TIGRIS, Poey. D. I1I-12; A.7; P.11. Anterior dorsal spine longer than second, termi- nating in 2 long cutaneous flaps; third dorsal spine connected with soft dorsal by a broad membrane, the latter terminating at some distance from the caudal, and its last ray not extending to root of caudal if laid back- ward. Skin rough, covered with small spines, without cutaneous fringes. Ground color yellow, with numerous brown spots and streaks, the latter radiating from the eye; dorsal fin irregularly spotted, with a series of large round brown spots. (Poey.) Cuba. Not seen by us. According to Mr. Garman, Antennarius scaber and A. tigris ‘‘are closely allied, but if placed side by side the squamation and filaments suffice to distinguish them, great similarity in color notwithstanding. 4. scaber has coarser scales, with shorter, rougher spines, the scales are farther apart, and the cutaneous flaps appear on the body much as figured by Cuvier. On 4.: tigris there are few of the cutaneous appendages, the scales are closer together, the spines are longer and more slender, giving rise to an appear- ance more like velvet, and the head and body are more compressed.” (tigris, tiger.) Chironectes tigris, PozY, Memorias, I, 217, pl. 17, fig. 2, 1851, Cuba. Antennarius tigris, GARMAN, Bull. lowa Lab. Nat. Hist. 1896, 83. 3104. ANTENNARIUS NUTTINGII, Garman. D.3-+12; A.7; V.5; P.11; C.9. In form this species is shorter, more massive anteriorly, and less compressed than either 4. ocellatus or A. radiosus. A transerve section across the middle of the body is a nearly equilateral triangle. Caudal region short. Head nearly as wide as high; cheeks swollen; forehead rather broad, converging forward on the edges. Occipital concavity wide and deep, free from scales in a wide space below the ends of the first and second dorsal rays, this bare space being appar- ently for the reception of the fleshy bait bulb, which latter has 2 elongate lobes. Snout as long as the orbit, broad, truncate; chin vertical; sym- physeal knob prominent. Mouth wide, subvertical. Eye small; orbit twice as long, hardly more than } the interorbital space. First and second dorsal rays equal in length, not inclusive of the 2 elongate fleshy fringed lobes surmounting the first. The base of the first ray stands for- ward prominently over the mouth, being free for some distance. The 2724 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. greater portion of the second ray is free, while the third is connected with the dorsum, by the skin, from base nearly to tip. This last ray is larger than either of its fellows. Soft dorsal large; middle rays longest, as long as the distance from the maxillary to the hind edge of the oper- culum, or as long as the rays of the caudal fin; fin not reaching back to the bases of the caudal rays, fringed. Hind margin of candal convex, fringed. Anal moderate, rays prominent in the margin, fin with a blunt angle on the outer edge, subtending, when laid up against the tail, + or more of the length of the caudal rays. The rays on the pectoral fins extend out beyond the margins more noticeably than those of the other fins. Ventrals small, in most instances with 6 points on the outer margin, in one case having but 5. Greatest length of the caudal nearly + of the total length. Length of each maxillary } of the caudal. Seales short, small, close set, harsh to the touch, having none of the velvety appear- ance. Uniform black; inside of the mouth black; ‘“‘ bait” white. Great Bahama Banks. Besides the specimens in Nutting’s collection there are several others in that of the Mus. Com. Zool. ‘‘This species is readily separated from 4d. principis of authors by the short first dorsal spine.” (“The specific name is given in honor of Prof. C. C. Nutting, to whom science is so much indebted for the origination and successful accomplish- ment of the expedition.”) Antennarius nuttingii, GARMAN, Bull. lowa Lab. Nat. Hist. 1896, 83, pl. 1, Great Bahama Banks. (Coll. C.C. Nutting.) 2? Chironectes mentzelii,* CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xu, 417, Brazil; ona drawing by Prince MAURICE. 3105. ANTENNARIUS MULTIOCELLATUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). (MARTIN PESCADOR.) Mouth large, vertical. First dorsal spine slender and straight, nearly equal to length of caudal, terminating in 3 simple tentacles; second dor- sal spine curved at the middle and extending to the base of the third; third dorsal spine partly embedded in the skin, reaching halfway te dor- sal; wrists and pectorals widened; ventrals short. Skin covered with bifid spines. Fawn color, lighter below; many black spots ocellated with white, both on the body and fins; body with several pink areas, 1 of which forms a triangular saddle in front of the dorsal and another a broad ring around the base of the caudal fin; angles of mouth with a pink spot. West Indies, north to Florida Keys; common. This description (after Gill) from the type of Antennarius annulatus from Garden Key. According to Mr. Garman, ‘‘this species is distinguished by the trifid bulb and the long first dorsal ray, near twice as long as the second and quite as long as the caudal, by the high nape, by the large third dorsal ray, much larger and more swollen than the second, and by the coloration. The eye is very small, The black centers of the largest of the ocelli are smaller than the eye. Besides the ocellus on the soft dorsal that on the anal and ae 3 * The following i is the Sis danas of the very brief ef description of this nominal species: ‘* First dorsal filament not longer than the second, and ending in a small bait or knob. Body black, with large marblings.” : Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2725 forming a triangle on the caudal, there are others scattered over the cau- dal and other fins, and over the sides of the body. Below the eye on the cheek and under the chin and the chest the spots are little more than black dots. Over the sides, a specimen in hand, the type of 4. corallinus, Poey, is freckled with lighter rounded spots. Behind the pectoral, on the side, there is a small ocellus with a black center. On each side in the same position, a short distance above the pectoral, there is a brown ocellus larger than the orbit, in the center of which there is a white dot. A brown streak passes back from the upper part of the orbit and curves down toward the anal ocellus, another passes back from the middle of the eye and curves down toward the pectoral, and a third below the third dorsal spine runs down and then forward toward the lower end of the maxillary. The forehead is comparatively narrow; behind the second dorsal ray the bare space is hardly large enough to receive the bait.” Poey thus describes Antennarius corallinus, which according to Garman, is the same as 4. multiocellatus : “DP, I-I, 12; A.7; V.1,5; C. 17. Two dorsal spines in front of eye, formed like horns, another higher on the nape; gill opening spiral, at the lower base of the pectoral; general form of the fish almost globular; the mouth vertical; tongue marbled with black and white; cauda] rounded; eyes very small; pectoral low, reaching middle of body without caudal; ventrals short; vent near anal; first dorsal spine ending in a single short filament. Color reddish with black spots; 2 of these spots eye-like, with a larger black center and the iris of the color of the body, surrounded with a black circle; 1 spot at the base of the soft dorsal at the second third of its length. a very weak one at base of anal; between first spot and pec- toral fin 3 small inconspicuous ocellate spots, of which the pupil is a small point; middle of the body with dusky spots; dorsal, anal, and caudal with black points; tubercles about eye and on the cheek, but not spinous. Type 95 mm. long. Cuba.” (Poey.) (multus, many; ocellus, an eye-like spot.) Chironectes multiocellatus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x1, 422, 1837, Mar- tinique. (Coll. M. Garnot.) Antennarius annulatus, GILL, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 91, Garden Key, Florida (Coll. Lieut. Wright); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 846, 1883. Antennarius corallinus, PoEY, Repertorio, I, 188, 1865,Cuba. (Coll. Poey.) Antennarius multiocellatus, GUNTHER, Cat., m1, 194, 1861; GARMAN, Bull. lowa Lab. Nat. Hist. 1896, 82. 3106. ANTENNARIUS RADIOSUS, Garman. D.3+138; A.8; V.5; P.11; C.9. Resembling 4. tigris, Poey, in shape, squamation, etc., but differing in coloration and in possession of a much longer dorsalray. The staff in this ray is very slender, much longer than the second ray, and bears a small, trifid ‘‘bait.” Second and third dorsal rays shorter than the first, the third well tied down by the skin. Scales uniform, sharp. No cutaneous fringes on large specimens. Grayish or brownish white, darker on nape and dorsal fin, with numerous spots of light color, as large as the orbit, surrounded by more or less complete 2726 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. edgings of brown, producing a semblance to reticulation, or to spottings by drops of liquid; 7 streaks of brown radiate from the eye; as in 4. tigris, they are continued upon the head and down toward the ventrals; a large spot of black, white-edged, a little larger than the orbit, 4 on the fin and 4+ on the muscles of the body, occupies the space between the eighth and the tenth rays of the soft dorsal fin; the light areas vary in intensity, and lie close together over nearly the whole of body and fins; belly lighter, with faint indications of lines of brownish, radiating from the head; caudal with oblique transverse cloudings of brownish; hind- most + light. The color in life was probably reddish or yellowish. Secured off Key West, in about 50 fathoms. A young individual, of less than an inch, taken opposite Havana, is of lighter gray, and has a large ocellus, of light color in the center, between the black one at the base of the dorsal and the upper end of the humerus. There are small cutaneous fringes on the flanks. (Garman.) (radiosus, rayed.) Antennarius radiosus, GARMAN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa Univ. 1896, 85, pl. 1, off Key West, in 50fathoms. (Coll. C. C. Nutting.) 1062. CHAUNAX, Lowe. Chaunax, LOwE, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 111, 1846, 339 (pictus). Head very large, depressed, cuboid. Mouth large, subvertical; jaws and palate with bands of small teeth. Skin with small, sharp spines. Spinous dorsal reduced to a small tentacle above the snout, retractile into a groove; soft dorsal moderate, low; anal short; ventrals small. Gills 24; no pseudobranchie. Muciferous channels very conspicuous, the lateral line prominent, undulate; another series of mucous tubes extending from lower jaws to axil; still another extends backward from snout and maxil- lary to a point behind eye, when it ceases, uniting with a vertical line which extends from the lateral line to the lower line; these lines thus inclose a quadrate area on the cheek. Gill opening small, well behind pectoral under front of soft dorsal. Deep seas. (yauvaé, one who gapes.) a. Dorsal rays 11; anal 5; depth 24 in length. PICTUS, 3107. aa. Dorsal rays 13; anal 7; depth 22 in length. NUTTINGH, 3108. 3107. CHAUNAX PICTUS, Lowe. Head 14; depth 24. D.I, 11; A. 5; P.11; V.4; C.7. Rostral tentacle short, pedicellate; muciferous channels appearing as chain-like rows of pits. Bright orange above; sides rosy; fins vermilion. Deep waters of the Atlantic; recorded from Madeiro, Soudan, Cape Verdes, Barbados, off Rhode Island, and elsewhere in the Gulf Stream, in 130 to 428 fathoms. A similar species (Chaunax fimbriatus), regarded by Giinther as the same, occurs in the Japan Seas, Bay of Bengal and the Fiji Islands. ( pictus, painted. ) Chaunaxz pictus, LOWE, Trans. Zoél. Soc. Lond. 1846, 339, Camera de Lobos, Madeira; GiNTHER, Cat., 111, 200, 1861; GOODE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 470; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 847, 1883; GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 487, fig. 398, 1896. ? Chaunax fimbriatus, HiLGENDORE, Sitzber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde 1879, 80, Sea of Japan. ? Chaunax nuttingii, GARMAN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. lowa Univ. 1896, 85, pl. 11, fig. 2, near Sand Key Light, Florida, in 120 fathoms. (Coll. C. C. Nutting.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2727 3108. CHAUNAX NUTTINGII, Garman. B.6. D.II,13; A.7; V.4; P.14; C.9. Form resembles that of Chaunax pictus, but is shorter, broader, and possessed of more fin rays. Anteriorly it is broad and depressed, posteriorly compressed. From head to soft dorsal on the nape it is arched very little. Head broader than high, flat- tened or slightly concave on the occiput, nearly vertical on the chin. Snout short, broad, truncate. Eye medium, the length of the scaieless area covering it equals the width of that between the canals on the inter- orbital space, or about 4 of the space itself; the distance from the maxil- lary is about the ocular width. The niche in which the first dorsal spine is received is subelliptical and about } as long as'the eye; the tentacle is little more than } as long as the niche, is broad near the base, tapers rapidly and bears a 2-lobed ‘‘ bait” with slender fringes. Mouth wide, oblique, maxillary about 3 times as long as the eye, widened and rounded at the outer end; intermaxillaries alone forming upper border of mouth. Teeth small, slender, sharp, in villiform bands. Origin of soft dorsal in the middle of the distance from the rostral tentacle to the base of the caudal fin, fourth ray above the gill opening, anterior rays shorter. Vent below the seventh ray of the second dorsal. Pectorals short, broad, rounded. The canals of the lateral system are in the main like those of C. pictus, but have stronger curves; they begin to curve outward imme- diately behind the niche, not remaining parallel or converging as in Lowe’s species. Scales very fine, sharp and close together. In life this fish was probably red or yellowish with transverse cloudings or blotches of brownish, it is now dingy brownish white; one of the blotches lies just behind the eye, another lies below the orbit, and apparently 3 trans- verse bands cross the back through the soft dorsal; orbit blackish; ten- tacular niche black. The coloration of the individual described indicates a habitat within reach of the effects of sunlight. Florida Keys; the type dredged nearly 8 miles south of Sand Key Light, Florida, in about 120 fathoms. (Garman.) This species is evidently not very different from Chaunaz pictus and may be the same. (Named for C. C. Nutting, professor of zoology in the University of lowa, director of the Bahama Expedition of 1893.) Chaunax nuttingii, GARMAN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa Univ. 1896. 86, pl. 11, f.2, Sand -Key Light, Florida. (Coll. C.C. Nutting.) Family CCXXIII. CERATIID. (THE SEA DEVILS.) Head and body compressed. Mouth terminal, more or less oblique. Gill openings small, in the lower part of the axils. No pseudobranchie. Spinous dorsal represented by 1 or more tentacles. Pectoral members not geniculated, with short pseudobrachia and 3 actinosts. No ventral fins. Fishes of the open seas, usually inhabiting considerable depths; 13 genera and 15 species known. All are uniform blackish in color. ‘“‘The bathybial sea devils,” writes Giinther, ‘‘are degraded forms of Lophius; they descend to the greatest depths of the ocean. Their bones 2728 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. are of an extremely light and thin texture, and frequently other parts of their organization, their integuments, muscles, and intestines are equally loose in texture when the specimens are brought to the surface. In their habits they probably do not differ in any degree from their surface repre- sentative, Lophius. The number of the dorsal spines is always reduced, and at the end of the series of these species only 1 spine remains, with a simple, very small lamella at the extremity (Melanocetus johnsonii, Melano- cetus murrayi). In other forms sometimes a second cephalic spine, some- times a spine on the back of the trunk, is preserved. The first cephalic spine always retains the original function of a lure for other marine crea- tures, but to render it more effective a special luminous organ is some- times developed in connection with the filaments with which its extremity is provided (Ceratias bispinosus, Oneirodes eschrichtii). So far as it is known at present these complicated tentacles attain to the highest degree of development in Himantolophus and .ELgwonichthys. In other species very peculiar dermal appendages are developed, either accompanying the spine on the back or replacing it. They may be paired or form a group of 3, are pear-shaped, covered with common skin, and perforated at the top, a delicate tentacle sometimes issuing from the foramen.” (Pediculati, genus Ceratias, Giinther, Cat., 11, 205, 1861; Ceratiide, Gill, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. 1878, 216.) a. Mouth moderate. b. Gills in 24 pairs. CERATIINZE: c. Cleft of mouth nearly vertical; skin prickly. d. Cephalic spine single. e. Dorsal spine present; lateral caruncles present; no teeth on vomer. CERATIAS, 1063. ee. Dorsal spine wanting; caruncles present. f. Caruncles remote from soft dorsal. MANCALIAS, 1064. ff. Caruncles close to soft dorsal. CRYPTOPSARAS, 1065. ONEIRODINZE: ec. Cleft of mouth nearly horizontal; skin smooth; 1 cephalic spine and 1 postcephalie spine. _ ONEIRODES, 1066. HIMANTOLOPHIN: bb. Gills in 4 24 pairs; body with scattered tubercular scutella; no second dorsal spine. g. Body and head compressed; mouth oblique; joint of mandible below or behind eye; eye rudimentary. h. Body oblong, oval; dorsal rays 9; pectoral 12. HIMANTOLOPHUS, 1067. hh. Body short and deep; dorsal rays 4; pectoral about 17. CORYNOLOPHUs, 1068. aa. Mouth with enormous gape. MELANOCETIN2:: i. Cleft of mouth nearly vertical; pectoral small, in advance of dorsal and of gill opening; second dorsal spine wanting; gills in 2} ] airs. j. Gular tentacle wanting; no teeth on vomer. LIOcETUS, 1069. jj. Gular tentacle present; 1 tooth on the vomer. LINOPHRYNE, 1070. CAULOPHRYNIN: ii. Cleft of mouth nearly horizontal; pectorals below dorsal and behind gill opening; gills in 4 24 pairs. k. Dorsal and anal greatly produced; skin naked; head and body with many luminous filaments. CAULOPHRYNE, 1071. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2729 1063. CERATIAS, Kroyer. Ceratias, KROYER, Naturhist. Tidsskrift. 2 Rekke, 1, 639, 1844 (holbolli). Head and body much compressed and elevated, oblong, covered with prickly skin. Mouth wide, its cleft nearly vertical; teeth in jaws conic, movable, of moderate size; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Gills 24; gill arches unarmed. Spinous dorsal reduced to 2 spines, 1 on the head, the other on the back, the basal element of the second spine exserted; the cephalic spine much elongate; soft dorsal and anal short; pectorals very short, broad, of about 20 rays. Caudal fin much produced, fan-shaped, withexserted rays. Pyloricceca2,small. Skeletonsoft, fibrous. Green- land. (xeparias, ore that has horns.) . 3109. CERATIAS HOLBOLLI, Kroyer. D. I-I, 4; A. 4; P. 19; C.10. Head 23; depth nearly 2; head deeper than long; eyes small, not more than ; the length of the head; free rays of the head a little shorter than to the base of the caudal fin; the forked part of the caudal fin shorter than the length of the fish; the length of the pectoral fin equals almost 3}; the entire length of the fish, the mem- branes from the dorsal and anal fins posteriorly extend almost to the base of the caudal fin. Color entirely black. (Kréyer.) North Atlantic; 4 specimens known; 3 from Greenland, 1 from Nova Scotia. (Named for C. Holb6U, a Danish naturalist.) Oeratias holbolli, KrOyeR, Naturh. Tidsskr. 1844, 639, Greenland; GUNTHER, Cat., 11, 205, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 847, 1883; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 489, pl. 117, fig. 394, 1896. 1064. MANCALIAS, Gill. Mancalias, GiLu, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1, 1878, 227 (wranoscopus). Typhlopsaras, GILL, Forest and Stream, New York, 1883, Nov. 8, 284 (shufeldti). General characters of Ceratias, but with the spinous dorsal reduced to a single rostral spine, and 2 fleshy claviform tubercles or caruncles behind it. Pectoral fins narrow, with 10 to 15 slender rays. (mancus, defective, “with a quasi-diminutive termination to correspond with Ceratias.’’) a. Dorsal caruncles placed before dorsal fin a distance 6 times in length of trunk from gill opening to base of caudal. URANOSCOPUS, 3110. aa. Dorsal caruncles placed nearer dorsal, the distance from dorsal 44 times in trunk, as above. SHUFELDTI, 3111. 3110. MANCALIAS URANOSCOPUS (Murray). D.1,3 or 4; A.4; C.8; P.10. Anterior spine of first dorsal produced in a long filament, ending in a pear-shaped bulb, terminating in a semitrans- parent whitish spot, this spine originating on posterior part of head, and reaching, when depressed, nearly to the tip of tail; far behind this are 2 short, fleshy tubercles, lying in a depression in front of second dorsal. Teeth moderate, depressible. Skin everywhere with minute embedded conical spines. Eye very small, placed high on the middle of the head. 3030 94 2730 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Color uniform black. (Murray.) To this description Goode & Bean add from the same specimen: ‘‘Anal opposite second dorsal, the 4 median caudal rays being much larger than the others and bifid; pectorals small, above the gill opening; the upper jaw is formed by the intermaxillaries, and is armed, together with the lower jaw, with a series of tecth of mod- erate size, which can be depressed as in Lophius. The skin is thickly covered with minute embedded conical spines; the eyes are very small and are placed high upon the middle of the head.” Mid-Atlantic, in very deep water; 2 specimens known, the type in 2,400 fathoms, taken between the Canary and Cape Verde islands, the second (26159) in 372 fathoms off the coast of Rhode Island in the Gulf Stream. (ovpavo6x6zo0s, star-gazing, from the upturned eyes.) Ceratias uranoscopus, MURRAY, in Wyville Thompson, The Atlantic, 1, 6¥, fig. 20, 1878, mid-Atlantic, between Canary and Cape Verde Islands in 2,400 fathoms ; GUNTHER, Challenger Report, xxu, 54, pl. 11, fig. C, 1887. Mancalias uranoscopus, GILL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 228; Goons, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 469; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 848, 1883; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthy- ology, 490, 1896. 3111. MANCALIAS SHUFELDTI (Gill). Maxillary } the length from gill opening to caudal base; intermaxillary 3} times in thislength. Form more slender than that figured by Giinther, with 4 rays in the dorsal, and apparently 15 in pectoral. There are no vomerines; intermaxillary and mandible armed with a narrow band of depressible teeth of various lengths. The skin with a fine granular appearance and everywhere covered with minute prickles. The caruncles only 2 in number and situated asin Mancalias uranoscopus, as figured in the Challenger fishes. Length of dorsal spine, without the joint bearing the pear-shaped appendage, equaling distance from gill opening to root of tail; the joint bearing the appendage is 2 of this distance; in Mancalias uranoscopus (No. 26159) the first dorsal, without the joint bearing the ap- pendage, contains the distance from the gill opening to the root of the tail1i times. The joint containing the appendage is 4 as long as the dis- tance from the gill opening to root of tail. Dermal caruncles distant from the dorsal a space equal to } of distance from the gill opening to root of tail. In M. shufeldti the caruncles are placed at a distance from the dorsal a space contained 44 times in the distance from the gill opening to the root of the tail. In the specimens described by Goode & Bean as Mancalias uranoscopus (No. 26159), the length 3} inches, the length of the maxillary is ¢ of length from gill opening to root of tail, and the inter- maxillary 3} times in same distance. Teeth in jaws depressible, in narrow bands, and of unequal size; vomer toothless. Two small caruncles not far from front of dorsal fin, and instead of being placed opposite each other, according to the usual arrangement, one is placed behind the other. Skin covered with minute granules or papillw, each one surmounted by a slender prickle, as in Typhlopsaras. The pectoral of the individual de- scribed contains 15 rays. The pectorals of 7. shufeldti are imperfect. (Goode & Bean.) Gulf Stream, off the coast of southern New England; Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2731 ispecimen known. (Named for Dr. Robert W. Shufeldt, United States Army, the well-known ornithotomist. ) Typhlopsaras shufeldti,* GILL, Forest and Stream, Nov. 8, 1883, Western Atlantic (Type, No. 33552) ; JORDAN, Cat. Fishes, 138, 1885. Ceratius shufeldti, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, xx, Deep-Sea Fishes, 54, 1887. Manealias shufeldti, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 490, fig. 401, 1896. « 1065. CRYPTOPSARAS, Gill. Cryptopsaras, GILL, Forest and Stream, Nov. 8, 1883, 284 (couesii) 7 Body shortened; back longitudinally convex, eyes small but conspicu- ous; anterior spine with concealed basal joint and elongated terminal joint; a large intermediate globular and a pair of subpedunculated lateral dorsal appendages or caruncles close to the front of the dorsal fin; pec- torals well developed, of about 15 rays. Deepseas. (xpumros, concealed; modern Greek #apas, fisherman, in reference to the concealed rod bearing the dorsal spine or fishing apparatus. ) 3112. CRYPTOPSARAS COUESII, Gill. The basal joint of the rod-like spine is almost entirely concealed and procumbent, and the distal joint alone free, reaching backward to the dor- sal tubercle; the bulb is pyriform, and surmounted by a long whitish fila- ment; dorsal and anal each with 4 spines, the caudal 8 (the 4 middle dichotomous) and the pectorals each about li rays. (Gill.) Aspecimenof Cryptopsaras (No. 33558, U. S. Nat. Mus.) was obtained, by the Albatross, from Station 2101, in Lat. 38° 18’ 30’ N., Long. 68° 24’ W., at a depth of 1,686 fathoms. The type of Cryptopsaras couesii is only 35 mm. long. The caudal is imperfect. The length without caudal is 30 mm. and contains the greatest height 2} times. The bulb on the dorsal spine when laid backward can be made to reach to the dermal caruncles on the back. The length of the upper jaw is about + of the length without caudal; gill opening nearly midway between front of head and root of tail; mouth placed vertically; intermaxillary teeth occupying about entire length of bone; mandibulary teeth unequal in size; at symphysis of mandible a pair of minute spines closely connected at base and slightly separated at the extremity. Specimen No. 39483 is 58 mm. long; 47 mm. to base of caudal. Greatest height 23 in length without caudal. Gill opening a little nearer end of caudal than to front of head; distal portion of dorsal spine about + length without caudal; median dermal caruncle very much * The following is the original account of Typhlopsaras: “ Typhlopsaras.—Ceratiines with an elongated trunk, rectilinear back, obsolete or no eyes, far exserted basal joint of the anterior epee and shortened terminal joint, a small intermediate and a pair of pedunculated dorsal appendages some distance in advance of the dorsal fin, and reduced pectoral fin with about 5 or 6 rays. “ Typhlopsaras shufeldti.—The first joint of the rod-like spine reaches to the axil of the dorsal fin, and the bulb to the base of the caudal fin, when the spine is bent backward; the bulb is pear-shaped and without any appendages; the dorsal has 4 rays, the anal 4, the caudal 8 (the median 4 of which are forked), and there are 4or5 pectoral rays. A single specimen was found. I have dedicated the species to my esteemed friend, Dr. R. W. Shufeldt, U.S. A., the well-known ornithotomist. “The name, Typhlopsaras, is a compound from the Greek tvdAos (blind) and Wapas (angler), meaning ‘blind angler.’”’ 2732 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. larger than the two lateral ones; skin covered with minute granules of uni- form size; pectoral with 16 rays, its length about } that of head; length of upper jaw about+of total without caudal; pair of spines at symphysis of mandible replaced by a very small knob; teeth in intermaxillary very small, diminishing in number toward the symphysis, apparently uniserial. On each side of head of vomer 2 or 3 depressible teeth; palatines appar- ently wanting. We have seen something like traces of similar teeth on the vomer of Mancalias uranoscopus, but owing to the condition of the specimen can not be certain about this character. (Goode & Bean.) Gulf Stream, off the coast of New England. (Named for the eminent ornithologist, Dr. Elliott Coues.) Cryptopsaras couesii, GILL, Forest and Stream, Nov. 8, 1883, 284, Gulf Stream off New England (Coll. Albatross); JORDAN, Cat Fishes, 138, 1885; GOoDE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 491, fig. 402, 1896. Ceratias couesiit, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, XXII, 55, 1887. ?Ceratias carunculatus, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, xxiI, 55, pl. 11, fig. d, 1887, south of Yezo, Japan, in 345 fathoms; 1} incheslong. (Coll. Challenger.) 1066. ONEIRODES, Liitken. Oneirodes, LUTKEN, Overs. Kong. Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Forhand]l. 1871, 56 (eschrichtii). Body compressed, oval, short, covered with smooth skin. Head com- pressed, very large. Mouth moderate, almost horizontal, the joint of man- dible behind eyes. Teeth unequal, depressible; vomer with teeth. Gill arches unarmed; gills in 2}pairs. Spinous dorsal represented by a cephalic spine, the basal element of which is procumbent and subcutaneous, the tip bulbous, and a second spine about midway between the rostral spine and the soft dorsal; soft dorsal and anal short; no ventrals; no pyloric ceca. Greenland. (dvezp@dns, dream-like, in illusion to the small, almost covered, eyes.) 3113. ONEIRODES ESCHRICHTHI, Liitken. D. I-I,6; A. 8; C.8. Terminal half of the bulb of the cephalic spine whitish. Cephalic spine with a bulbous termination, surmounted by slen- der filaments in several transverse rows. Caudal fin shorter than trunk without head. Color black. Deep sea, off Greenland. Known from. a single specimen 8 inches long. (Gill.) (Named for D. F. Eschricht, a Danish naturalist, a student of the Cetacea.) Oneirodes eschrichtii, LUTKEN, Overs. Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl. 1871, 56, 9-18, pl. 2, deep sea off Greenland; GILL, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 218; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 848, 1883; GoopE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 492, 1896. 1067. HIMANTOLOPHUS, Reinhardt. Himantolophus, REINHARDT, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Nat. 1837, 74 (grenlandicus). Head large, compressed. Skin thick, with scattered, round, prickly scales. Body oval, compressed. Mouth moderate, the cleft oblique, the joint of the mandible below or behind the eyes. Gills in } 2} pairs; gill arches armed with dentigerous tubercles. Spinous dorsal represented . Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2733 only by a single long rostral spine, the basal element of which is procum- bent and subcutaneous; the extremity with numerous long filaments. Soft dorsal short, with 9 rays; anal short; pectoral rather broad, with 12 rays. Greenland. (ids, a thong; Ad@os, crest.) 3114. HIMANTOLOPHUS GRENLANDICUS, Reinhardt. Depth 24 in total length. D.I-9; P.12. Body oblong oval. Cephalic ray provided with about 11 tentacles. (Gill.) Greenland. ‘‘ This species has never been fully described, the only existing example being an imper- fect one, 23 inches long, obtained off the coast of Greenland, about 1837.” Himantolophus grenlandicus, REINHARDT, Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Nat. Math. Afh. 1837, 74, Greenland; GILL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 218; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 849, 1883. 1068. CORYNOLOPHUS, Gill. Corynolophus, GILL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1878, 219 (reinhardti). This genus is scarcely distinct * from Himantolophus, differing in the short oval form, the short dorsal of about 5 rays, and the broader pectoral with about 17 rayseach. (xopvvy, club; Addvos, crest.) 8115. CORYNOLOPHUS REINHARDTI (Liitken). Depth 14. D.1I-5; P.17. Body short, oval; cephalic ray } length of head, with about 8 tentacles, which branch out forming a brush at tip; skin sparsely covered with thorn-like prickles. Greenland. One speci- _men known, 14 inches long. (Named for Prof. Johann Reinhardt, natu- ralist at the University of Copenhagen.) Himantolophus reinhardti, LUTKEN, Kong. Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. 1878, 321, Greenland. Corynolophus reinhardti, GILL, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus, 1878, 219. 1069. LIOCETUS, Giinther. Tiocetus, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, XX.., 57, 1887 (murray). Mouth enormous, the cleft nearly vertical; pectorals small, in advance of dorsal and of gill opening; second dorsal spine wanting; gills in 2} pairs; no gular tentacle. This genus is similar to Melanocetus, differing in having no teeth on the vomer, a greater projection of the mandible, and a smaller mouth. Deep sea. (Aezos, smooth; ros, whale.) 3116. LIOCETUS MURRAYI (Giinther). D.1-13; 4.4; C.9; P.14. (Giinther.) Extremely similar to Melanocetus johnsonti, but without trace of vomerine teeth, while there is no distine- tion between the two species as regards dentition of jaws; posterior angle *Dr. Gill, replying to certain strictures as to the validity of this genus, made by Liit- ken [who calls it a ‘‘ wanton ’ subdivision], states that the ‘‘differences alleged to exist between Himantolophus and Corynolophus are very marked. If they do exist as stated there can be no doubt that the two should be kept apart. I know of no reason except the singularity and greatness of the difference specified for doubting the correctness of Rein- hardt’s observations,” 3 2734 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, of mandible projecting more and forming a salient point; mouth compara- tively less wide, and the maxillary considerably shorter, being about ? of total length, without caudal, while it is rather more than 4 in the Madeiran species. Eye rudimentary. One cephalic spine, shorter than maxillary; last dorsal ray connected by a short and delicate membrane with caudal fin; most of the caudal rays bifid, the longest shorter than maxillary;. pectoral fin as much developed asin Melanocetus johnsonii. Entirely black. Total length 44 Jines; length of mandible 14 lines; length of maxillary 12 lines; length of caudal fin 104 lines. A young individual, 44 lines in length, was taken by H. M.S. Challenger in the mid-Atlantic, at a depth of 1,850 fathoms (Station 106); another of 13 lines at the depth of 2,450 fathoms {Station 348). (Goode & Bean.) (Named for Dr. John Murray, second director of the civilian staff on board H. M. 8S. Challenger.) Melanocetus bispinosus, GUNTHER, Study of Fishes, 473, 1880; name only. Melanocetus (Liocetus) murrayi, GUNTHER, Challenger Report, xxu1, 57, pl. 11, fig. A, 1887, mid-Atlantic. Liocetus murrayi, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 495, fig. 407, 1896. 1070. LINOPHRYNE, Collett. Linophryne, COLLFTT, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1886, 138 (lucifer). Head enormous; the body slender, compressed, mouth oblique. Spinous dorsal reduced to a single cephalic tentacle, the basal part of which is erect, not procumbent. Teeth in the jaws on the vomer and the upper pharyngeals. Gill openings exceedingly narrow, situated a little below the root of the pectoral. Soft dorsal and anal very short; ventrals none. Abdominal cavity forming a sac, suspended from the trunk. Skinsmooth; a long tentacle on the throat. This genus differs from Melanocetus in the presence of the gular tentacle. (Azvos, linen, net; ¢pvvy, a toad.) 3117. LINOPHRYNE LUCIFER, Collett. D. I-8; A. 2; C. 9; P. 140r15. A spinous projection or horn above each orbit. Cephalic tentacle black, with a large ovate bulb, the upper half of which is white; gular tentacle much larger, terminating in 2 tongue-like appendages, which are furnished on the upper edge with a row of round, white papille. (Goode & Bean.) Mid-Atlantic, northwest of Madeira, Lat. 36° N., Long. 20° W. One specimen known. (Lucifer, an evil spirit; lux, light; fero, I bear.) Linophryne lucifer, COLLETT, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1886, 138, pl.15, mid-Atlantic, between Madeira and the West Indies (Coll. Capt. P. Andresen. Mus. Univ. Chris- tiania); GiinrHER, Challenger Report, XXU, 57, 1887; GOooDE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthy- ology, 496, fig, 408, 1896. 1071. CAULOPHRYNE, Goode & Bean. Caulophryne, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 496, 1896 (jordani). Head large, compressed; mouth with the cleft nearly horizontal; body short, much compressed. Spinous dorsal reduced to a single cephalic ten- tacle, which is supported on a short procumbent base. Teeth of unequal size in the intermaxillary and the mandible; vomer, palatines, and upper Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2735 pharyngeals toothed. . Gill openings narrow, horizontal slits placed below and in front of root of pectorals. Branchize in } 23 pairs. Branchial arches armed with dentigerous tubercles. Skin naked. Numerous lumi- nous filaments on head and body. Soft dorsal and anal many-rayed, the rays greatly produced; caudal long, tapering; ventrals none; pectorals very broad, sessile, postmedian, under dorsal fin, with numerous rays. Pyloric appendage reduced to 1 small rudiment. Air bladder absent. (xavios, stem; devvy, toad, from the many stems or fin rays.) 3118. CAULOPHRYNE JORDANI, Goode & Bean. Depth about 2 in length without caudal, the greatest height occurring behind the head. Cephalic appendage with a pale tuft at its tip, the length of the distal portion 3 in length of body. The tuft somewhat mutilated, but showing no evidence of a laminated structure; basal por- tion of cephalic appendage about twice as long as the very small eye; maxillary very slender, narrow, extending about as far backward as inter- maxillary; intermaxillary slightly protractile and with about 10 teeth on each side, several of which are nearly twice as large as the rest, its length 2} in body; mandible as long as head without snout, with 8 teeth on each side, the anterior pair and several other pairs along shaft of bone being greatly enlarged; a pair of enlarged teeth on head of vomer; several similar teeth on palatines; upper pharyngeals armed with several strong teeth; eye very small, inconspicuous, its distance from tip of snout equal- ing nearly tits distance from soft dorsal origin. Intestine shorter than length without caudal. Soft dorsal with 16 rays, all of which, except the last 4, are greatly produced; the second, third, and fourth rays longest, nearly twice as long as body. Anal with 14 rays, all of which, except last 3, are much produced, the fin not quite perfect, yet its anterior rays are longer than body; caudal with 8 rays, the 4 inner ones divided, the rest simple; middle rays of caudal as long as distance from tip of lower jaw to base of pectoral; pectoral comparatively short, with 16 simple articulated rays, the longest about 4 as long as head. About 9 luminous filaments on each side of head, 7 more between nape and dorsal, and about 12 on sides; the filaments nearly twice as long as eye. Head and body black; caudal, cephalic tuft, and most of the rays pale. Gulf Stream. The type of the species (No. 39265) was taken by the steamer Albatross, September 19, 1887, in Lat. 39° 27’ N., Long. 71° 15’ W., 1,276 fathoms. (Named for David Starr Jordan.) Caulophryne jordani, GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 496, pl. 21, fig. 409, 1896, Gulf Stream, off Carolina, in 1,276 fathoms. (Coll. Albatross; the plate named Oaulophryne setosus, by slip in proof reading.) Family CCXXIV. OGCOCEPHALID. (THE BAT-FISHES.) Head very broad and depressed, the snout more or less elevated, the trunk short and slender. Mouth not large, subterminal or inferior, the lower jaw included; teeth villiform or cardiform. Gill openings very 2736 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. small, above and behind the axils of the pectoral fins. Body and head ~ covered with bony tubercles or spines. Spinous dorsal reduced to a small rostral tentacle, which is retractile inte a cavity under a prominent proc- ess on the forehead; in 1 genus the rostral tentacle is obsolete; soft dorsal and anal fins small and short; ventrals well developed; pectoral fin well developed, its base strongly angled, with long pseudobrachia and 3 actinosts. Branchiostegals 5; no pseudobranchie. Genera 8; spe- cies about 30, chiefly American, some of them in the deep sea. (Pediculati, part; genera Malthe and Halieutwa, Giinthér, 111, 200-205, 1861.) OGCOCEPHALIN2: a. Disk with the frontal region elevated and the snout more or less produced forward, the tail stout; orbits lateral; teeth on vomer and palatines; rostral tentacle present. b. Gills 2}; disk longer than broad. OGCOCEPHALUS, 1072. bb. Gills 24; disk broader than long. ZALIEUTES, 1073. HALIEUTINZE: aa. Disk with the frontal region depressed, not elevated above the rest; eyes partly superior; snout rounded, obtusein front; tail slender. c. Dorsal fin present. d. Vomer and palatines with teeth. HALIEUTICHTHYS, 1074. dd. Vomer and palatines toothless. e. Disk subcireular; gills 24. f. Mouth rather large, subvertical; prickles rather strong. HALIEUTZA, 1075. Jf. Mouth rather small, terminal; prickles feeble. HALIEUTELLA, 1076. ee. Disk subtriangular; gills 2; prickles very strong. DIBRANCHCTS, 1077. 1072. OGCOCEPHALUS, Fischer. (SEA-BaTs.) Ogcocephalus, FISCHER, Zoognosia, 78, 1813 (vespertilio). Oncocephalus, GILL, modified spelling. Malthe, Cuvier, Régne Animal, Ed. 1, 01, 311, 1817 (vespertilio). Malthea, corrected spelling. Body stoutish, tapering backward; head very broad and depressed, tri- angular in form, the forehead elevated and produced. Eyes large, lateral. Mouth rather small, subinferior under the snout; villiform teeth in bands, on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Skin covered with rough, bony tubercles. Dorsal and anal fins very small; rostral tentacle present, retractile into a cavity under a bony prominence on the forehead; ventrals present, I, 5, well separated; pectorals large, placed horizontally. Gills 2}. No air bladder; no pyloric cxca. Tropical America, in shallow water; small fishes of singular form, often regarded by the ignorant as venomous. (dyxoc, hook; xedaA7, head; properly written Oncocephalus, but Fischer chose the above monstrous spelling. ) a. Snout produced, the rostral process pointed, 6 to 10 in length of body. VESPERTILIO, 3119. aa. Snout short, the rostral process 12 to 15 times in length of body. NASUTUS, 3120. aaa. Snout short, the rostral tubercle reduced to a button-like tubercle, which is about 25 times in length of body. RADIATUS, 3121. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2737 3119. OGCOCEPHALUS VESPERTILIO (Linnzus). (Bat FisH; DIABLO.) Head, from tip of upper jaw to gill opening, nearly + the length; depth 5 in length from upper jaw to base of caudal; width 14. D.4: A.4; ros- tral process from 6 to 10 (9 in our specimens from Havana); P. 44; V. 6; C. 44. Body stoutish, much depressed, rostral process longer than in the other species, variable in length; mouth small, the maxillary reaching nearly to posterior margin of eye; villiform teeth in bands, on jaws, vomer, and palatines; interorbital flattish, its width less between anterior edge of eyes than posterior edge; rostral groove longer than broad; body covered with bony protuberances, variable in size, and not very definite in posi- tion, lower parts with a shagreen-like covering; posterior edge of pec- torals much behind middle of body; ventrals long, reaching outward to edge of the disk-like, anterior part of body; origin of dorsal over posterior edge of pectoral; anal under the vertical of tips of dorsal rays, anal reach- ing nearly to base of caudal. Pale grayish brown above, reddish below; back with round black spots, conspicuous in life, but growing fainter and sometimes disappearing in spirits; belly in life a coppery red; pectorals nearly plaindusky. Length 12 inches. West Indies, north to the Florida Keys; common in shallow water. Here described from a specimen from Havana, Cuba, about 10 inches in length. The iength of the snout is subject to great variation, but it is never short and button-like, as in O, radiatus. (wvespertilio, a bat.) DLophius vespertilio, LINNXts, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, I, 236, 1758, American Seas; after Lophius Fronti unicorni of ARTEDT. Malthea vespertilio, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xt, 440, 1837; prominence on snout 10 in length; Dre Kay, N. Y. Fauna: Fishes, 167, 1842; GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 200, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Syopsis, 850, 1883; JORDAN & SWAIN, Proc. U.S. Nat: Mus. 1884, 234. Lophius rostratus, SHAW, Zool., Iv, 383, pl. 163, 1803. Malthea longirostris, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xm, 452, 1837, Bahia (Coll. Blanchet); snout 6 in length. 3120. OGCOCEPHALUS NASUTUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Head 2. D.4; A. 4. Rostral process short, about 12 to 15 times in length of body. Cavity of nostril tentacle higher than broad; width of body 2 in length; vent behind middle of body. Dusky above, with round black spots, edged with whitish. West Indies. (Liitken); not seen by us; perhaps a variation of O. vespertilio. (nasutus, long-nosed.) Malthea nusuta, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 452, 1837, Martinique. Malthe nasuta, LUTKEN, Nat. For. Vid. Medd. 1865, 4; JoRDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 850, 1883. Malthea notata, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, 453, 1837, Surinam ; snout 15 in length; body spotted. 2738 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 3121. OGCOCEPHALUS RADIATUS (Mitchill). (SHORT-NOSED BAT-FIsH.) Head 2. Dorsal 4; A. 4. Rostral cavity somewhat broader than high, or width equal to height; distance between anterior angles of orbits about equal to that between the posterior angles; eye a little wider than interorbital width; snout, exclusive of rostral tubercle, not produced beyond the rostral cavity, but with a cylindrical button-like tubercle, slightly contracted at base, pointing obliquely upward and forward, its length 25 times in body; posterior edge of pectoral slightly nearer base of caudal than upper jaw; caudal peduncle very thick and heavy; vent about midway between tip of jaw and base of caudal fin. Color brownish, with dark round spots sometimes edged with white; pectorals with a net- work of white lines dividing the dark color into dark brown spots; tip of caudal blackish, belly coppery red. Length 8 to 12 inches. Coast of Florida and neighboring waters; very common in shallow bays among weeds, especially about the Florida Keys. Here described from a speci- men from Cedar Key, Florida, 7 to 8 inches in length. (radiatus, rayed.) Lophius radiatus, MircHILL, Amer. Monthly Mag., March, 1818, 326, Straits of the Bahamas. Malthe cubifrons, RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Amer., II, 103, 1836, said to be from Labrador (Coll. J. J. Audubon), but this is certainly an error; Audubon collected also in Carolina and Florida; GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 203, 1861; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 850, 1883; JORDAN, Cat. Fishes, 139, 1885. ? Malthea truncata, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 454, 1837, America ; snout wholly obsolete; perhaps a species of Zalieutes. Malthea angusta, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xu, 454, 1837, Dutch Guiana; snout more than 20 in length. 1073. ZALIEUTES, Jordan & Evermann. Zalieutes, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fish. N. and M. A., 511, 1896 (elater). Disk wider than long, about as long as rest of body (including caudal fin); middle line of head elevated, but the forehead not projecting beyond mouth; rostral tentacle present, the cavity about as wide as high; mouth small; minute teeth on vomer and palatines. Gills 2}. Eastern Pacific. The genus is very close to Malthopsis, Aleock,* but the latter, like Ogco- cephalus, has the disk longer than broad, but the gills are reduced to 2. (CaAn, surge of the sea; GAzevrs, fisher.) 3122. ZALIEUTES ELATER (Jordan & Gilbert). Body very broad and depressed, the disk considerably broader than long, its width 12 times in length of body; back and snout considerably raised above rest of body; greatest depth of body scarcely more than width of mouth. Mouth small, its width } greater than diameter of orbit; snout very short, scarcely projecting beyond mouth, its length * Malthopsis, ALCock, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1891, 26; Malthopsis luteus, from the Andaman Sea; Malthopsis mitriger, GILBERT & CRAMER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 434, with plate, off Hawaiian Islands, Jordan and Evermann.—Ffishes of North America, 2139 about equal to interorbital width, shorter than its own width in front. Eye rather large, much longer than snout, wider than interorbital area. Process representing first dorsal spine present, small. Skin covered with spines, which are comparatively slender and sharp, their stellate bases inconspicuous, those on snout and middle of back and tail largest, much slenderer and sharper than in Ogcocephalus vespertilio; no spines on ocelli of back; belly rough; under side of tail with tubercular plates; tail depressed toward base of fin. Pectorals + longer than ventrals, their length 13 width of mouth; caudal a little longer than pectoral, 44 in body. Color light olive, above everywhere thickly and uniformly coy- ered with small round spots of dark brown, these about as large as the pupil and about as wide as the lighter interspaces; a conspicuous ocel- lus, larger than eye, on each side of back, this ocellus with a bright yellow spot in the center, surrounded by a black ring, around which is a pale ring, and finally a fainter dark one; under parts plain white; pectorals spotted; caudal yellowish at base, with a terminal blackish band. Length 4 inches. Pacific coast of Mexico, south to Panama, in water of moderate depth; very rare near the shore, but obtained in abun- dance by the Albatross at Stations 2794 and 2795, near Panama. (later, the spring beetle, from the resemblance of the ocelli to the eye-like spots on the back of Elater.) Malthe elater, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 365, Mazatlan. (Type, No, 28127. Coll. Dr. J. U. Bastow.) Ogcocephalus elater, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 506. 1074. HALIEUTICHTHYS, Poey. Halieutichthys, Pory, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 83 (reticulatus). Disk subcireular, anteriorly cordiform, the head merging into the body, very large and much depressed; cranial portion not elevated; interorbital space low and narrow; eyes partly superior; mouth terminal, horizontal, the jaws subequal, the lower jaw nearly semicircular; teeth fine, on jaws and palate. Gills 24; no gill rakers; gill openings anterior to pectoral; rostral tentacle very small, retractile; dorsal and anal few-rayed; pecto- rals large, the carpus slender; caudal rounded; skin above sparsely armed with stellate tubercles; lower surface smooth. (dAzevr7s, fisher; Zx9Us, fish.) a. Surface of body covered with brownish reticulations; fins not barred with black. ACULEATUS, 3123. aa. Surface of body blackish, not reticulate; pectorals with a broad black bar mesially, the tip pale; caudal blackish toward the tip. CARIBBZUS, 3124. 3123. HALIEUTICHTHYS ACULEATUS (Mitchill). D.1,40r5; A. 4; V.1,5; P.16 to 18; C.9; gills 2}. Disk cordiform, about as wide as long, its length more than }thatof body. Body covered above with stout conical spines with stellular bases, largest upon the trunk, upon which they are arranged in about 2 irregular longitudinal 2740 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. rows on each side of the dorsal; upon the disk they are placed above the principal bones of the skeleton, most abundant upon its cranial portion; a single row of stout spines, usually 3-pointed, on the outer margin of disk, a particularly large one at each outer angle; body entirely smooth below; snout very short, obtuse; bridge over the rostral cavity covered in front with a 3-pointed spine, having on each side a simple spine; short, stout, simple spines upon each supraorbital margin, the front of which is immediately above and behind the cavity containing the nostrils; vertex with several similar spines; many spines closely placed upon the humeral area; numerous short tentacles upon margin of disk and on sides of trunk; supraoral cavity elliptical, small (horizontal diameter ; diameter of orbit), containing a well-developed, club-shaped, very perceptible tentacle; width of opening of anterior nostril, which is in a short tube, + that of posterior nostril, which is not tubular; width of mouth much less than distance between pupils and equaling diameter of orbit. Diameter of orbit 8} times in distance from snout to base of caudal, 6 times in distance from snout to origin of soft dorsal, 64 times in distance to origin of anal, 3 times in dis- tance to base of ventrals, and 6 times in distance to angle between pec- torals and trunk, 43 times in distance from snout to gill opening, 6 in greatest width of disk, and nearly 2 in that of trunk; width of interorbital area 2 diameter of orbit. First dorsal ray longest, equal to diameter of orbit; anal fin inserted under third ray of dorsal, with 4 rays, the third or longest very slightly longer than the longest dorsal ray; ventral fins inserted nearly under the middle of the disk, with 1 rudimentary and 5 dorsal rays, increasing in length posteriorly, the last and longest con- tained 5 times in total length; distances between origins of ventrals 64 in total length; pectorals with peduncles entirely included in common mem- brane, with blades far back, horizontal, lying close to trunk, composed of 16 rays, the middle or longest 33 in total length; caudal fin rounded, com- posed of 9 rays, the external rays, 1 above and 2 below, simple, the others bitid; length of middle ray equal to that of trunk (measured from junction of pectorals to base of caudal rays) and slightly exceeding the longest pectoral ray. Length of intestine contained 1% times in total length. Color, body covered above with reticulations of brown, the general hue varying from light yellowish gray to grayish brown, the markings being darker upon darker specimens; pectoral and caudal fins with about 3 dark bars; the terminal bars in young very black; body beneath milky white (Goode & Bean.) West Indies, Gulf of Mexico, and Gulf Stream, in water of moderate depth; taken by the blake and the Albatross at numerous stations in depths ranging from 10 to 95 fathoms. ‘‘As in Halieutea, Dibranchus, and allies, a rostral tentacle is present in this genus. Among specimens belonging to the Museum of Comparative Zoology there is evi- dence of the existence of a couple of distinct forms in the West Indian waters. The true H. aculeatus is much the lighter in the ground colors and has brownish reticulations across the back, 2 or 3 narrowish trans- verse bands of the same color across the pectorals, and 2 or 3 similar bands appear on the caudal, the posterior being darkest. The margins of the fins are light in color. The rostrum is acute; it ends in a spine which Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2741 turns upward, and, seen from above, it is hardly long enough to cover the tentacular niche. Evidently this type belongs to the shallower waters. The localities noted carry its distribution from the Bahamas to the Yucatan Banks, in depths of 40 fathoms and less.” (Garman.) (aculeatus, with needle-like spines. ) Lophius aculeatus, Mircu1LL, Amer. Mon. Mag., 0, 1818, 325, Straits of Bahama. Halieutichthys reticulatus (PoEY MS.) GiLu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, 91, Cuba (Coll. Prof. Felipe Poey); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 851, 1883. Halieutichthys aculeatus, GOODE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 109; GooDE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 504, pl. 122, fig. 414a and b, 1896; GARMAN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa Univ. 1896, 87, pl. 4, fig. 1. 3124. HALIEUTICHTHYS CARIBBEUS, Garman. D. 1-5; A. 4; V.5; P.17; C.9. Color darker than H. aculeatus; the reticulations are not present; the outer half of the pectoral, except at the margin, is black; and, excepting the narrow posterior margin, the hinder fifth of the caudal fin is black; the upper surface is clouded brownish without traces of the network pattern common to H. aculeatus. On the specimens described, the rostrum is acute, and the spine extends forward to cover the cavity receiving the tentacle so that it is not visible when viewed from above. West Indies. As now known, this species ranges from Jamaica to Barbados in depths of 70 to 150 fathoms or more. (Garman.) (caribbeus, from the Caribbean Sea. ) Halieutichthys caribbeeus, GARMAN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Lowa Univ. 1896, 87, pl. 4, fig. 2, Jamaica to Barbados. 1075. HALIEUT A, Cuvier & Valenciennes. Halieuteea, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x11, 455, 1837 (stellatus). Head very large, broad, depressed, its outline nearly circular; cleft of the mouth wide, horizontal; jaws with small cardiform teeth; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Skin everywhere covered with small, stellate spines. Forehead with a transverse bony ridge, beneath which is a tentacle, retractile into a cavity, the only rudiment of the spinous dorsal fin; soft dorsal and anal very short, far back. Gills 24, the anterior gill arch with- out lamine. Branchiostegals5; vertebra 17. Pacific Ocean. (GAzevr7)s, one who fishes.) 3125. HALIEUTEA SPONGIOSA, Gilbert. DeGseA, 45 Cr oe V.4; P.120r13. This species is remarkable for the soft, spongy texture of the body, and the membranaceous or cartilaginous character of its bones. Width of head 1+ in its length; tail long and slen- der, the vent midway between base of caudal and articulation of mandible; width of base of tail 44 in its length; mouth little or not at all overpassed by the snout, its width 2% to 3 in that of head, lower jaw usually not included; gape of mouth oblique, almost wholly anterior. Teeth in wide cardiform bands in the jaws, none of them enlarged; palate toothless. Interorbital width slightly greater than length of snout, 5 in width of 2742 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. head; eye 1% in interorbital width. Rostral tentacle short, with an expanded 3-lobed tip; front of dorsal midway between base of caudal and occiput; caudal long, rounded, the lower rays more shortened than the upper, the longest nearly 4 width of head; anal rays high, closely bound together, the fin slender, shaped like the intromittent organ of Gambusia, the length of its base equaling } diameter of orbit, its longest ray reach- ing base of caudal; pectorals long, the posterior rays rapidly shortened, the longest + width of head; head and body everywhere with broadly conical, tubercular plates, varying in size, marked with strong lines, radiating from the center; the apex sometimes blunt, more often provided with a slender spine, sometimes bifid or trifid; on the tail these spines become longer and are directed backward; plates along edge of disk not compressed nor specially modified. A deep groove-like channel just behind mandible and following curve of latter, becoming continuous with another deeper channel running just below edge of disk to near base of pectorals; a third groove runs backward from nostrils, uniting with the others, these grooves spanned at intervals by pairs of fleshy tentacles with fringed tips, which spring from the edges of the grooves and meet across them; at the bottom of the grooves under each pair of tentacles is asmall fleshy tubercle. Fin rays, at least at base, with series of small curved prickles. Color uniform dusky, the tail sometimes lighter; fins blackish, more or less edged with white. One specimen with the body and tail uniformly light. Pacific coast of Mexico in deep water. Numer- ous specimens, the largest 44 inches long, from Albatross Station 2992, in 460 fathoms. (Gilbert.) (spongiosus, spongy.) Halieutea spongiosa, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 124, west of Revillagigedo Islands, at Albatross Station 2992, Lat. 18° 17’ 30’ N., Long. 114° 43’ 15/’ W., in 460 fathoms. (Coll. Gilbert.) 1076. HALIEUTELLA, Goode & Bean. Halieutella, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 1882, 88 (lappa). Body subcircular, depressed, its width equal to its length, covered with flaccid, inflatable skin. Spines feebler and less numerous than in Halieutea. Head merged in body; forehead with a transverse bony ridge; no percep- tible supraoral cavity; no tentacle. Mouth small, terminal; lower jaw slightly curved forward. Teeth in the jaws minute, cardiform, not dis- cernible on palate, though possibly present. Carpus broad, slightly ex- serted; pectoral fins remote from tail, obliquely placed, with membranes subvertical. Branchial aperture posterior to carpus, upon the disk, and not remote from its margin. Gills 2}. Dorsal fin 5-rayed, inserted at junction of disk with caudal peduncle; anal fin 4-rayed, originating at root of caudal peduncle. (GAzevrnp, a fisherman. ) 3126. HALIEUTELLA LAPPA, Goode & Bean. D.5; A.4; C.9; P.15; V.5. Disk subcireular, more than } as long as the body. Body covered with a loose, flaccid, inflatable skin, which so obscure its proportion, that it is impossible to determine its exact height, Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2743 but it is not nearly so much depressed as in the related genera. When the body is inflated the height and length of the disk is nearly equal. Spines rather feeble; about 10 between snout and dorsal fin; about 6 strong spines, with conical bases and stellular tips,on outer margin of disk on each side, the anterior of them being opposite the eye; in front of these spines on the discal margin, and between them and the snout, are several small, simple spines, pointing backward; belly armed with spines similar to those on the back, but weaker; a stellate spine upon tip of snout, with 2 weaker, simple spines on each side; nasal openings midway between eye and tip of snout; mouth small, upon the margin of the disk; upper jaw shorter than diameter of eye. Teeth as described in the generic diag- nosis. Dorsal fin inserted at posterior limit of disk, with 5 simple, artic- ulated rays, its longest ray } as long as disk; anal fin with 4 simple, articulated rays, inserted directly beneath fourth ray of dorsal, its second .and longest ray + as long as disk; candal twice as long as anal, and slightly longer than caudal peduncle, with 9 simple, articulated rays. Carpus inserted at a distance from snout equal to twice length of longest pectoral ray, which is slightly greater than distance of posterior margin of carpus, at its junction with disk, from vent; number of pectoral rays 15; ventral inserted at a point equidistant from the snout and origin of anal, its longest ray (the fourth) equal to 4 distance of anal fin from snout. Color yellowish white. Gulf Stream. in head. Color uniform pale yellowish or olivaceous; no spots anywhere. An examination of the 6 cotypes shows that there is not much variation, all the important characters remaining quite constant. The maxillary barbel varies somewhat in length, in some individuals scarcely reaching gill opening, and the number of anal rays varies from 24 to 26, A comparison of the skull of this species with that of J. furcatus and of T. punctatus of the same size shows a number of very marked differences, Nearly all the bones in J. anguilla are heavier than in the other species; the supraoccipital is broadly triangular, and its upper surface finely grooved, while in each of the other species it is much longer and narrower and the upper surface nearly smooth. From the blue cat (Ictalurus furcatus) this species differs chiefly in the fewer rays in the anal fin, the wider mouth, the shorter, heavier head, the much longer maxillary barbel, and in the cranial characters already given. From the spotted cat (J. punctatus) it may be distinguished by its wider mouth, more blunt snout, heavier head, the color, and the cranial charac- ters already mentioned. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2789 ~ The eel cat rarely attains a greater weight than 5 pounds, and usually does not exceed 3 pounds. Its flesh is firm and of excellent flavor. The Spawning season appears to be during the spring, as several of the indi- viduals examined were in mature spawning condition.* Lower Missis- sippi Valley; thus far known only from the Atchafalaya River, Louisiana and the Ohio River at Louisville. (anguilla, the generic name of the eel.) Ictalurus anguilla, EVERMANN & KENDALL, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Feb. 9, 1898), 125, pl. 6, fig. 1, Atchafalaya River, Louisiana. (Type, No. 48788. Coll. Evermann & Chamberlain.) Recent studies of the catfishes of the Lower Mississippi Valley by Dr. Evermann have shown that the most abundant and most important spe- cies of catfish in that region is Ictalurus furcatus (Le Sueur), and not Ameiurus lacustris (Walbaum), as has hitherto been supposed. The large specimen described by Dr. Bean as Amiurus ponderosus is an Ictalurus (as shown by the skeleton now in the United States National Museum) and apparently J. furcatus. The common names ‘ Great Fork-tailed Cat,” “Mississippi Cat,” and ‘‘ Blue Cat” all belong to J. furcatus. Page 138. The species called Ameiurus dugesii belongs to the genus Vil- larius, Rutter. Page 142. After Ameiurus nigrilabris add: 77(a). VILLARIUS, Rutter. Villarius, RUTTER, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., ser. 2,vol. VI, 1896, 256 (pricei). Allied to Ameiurus, differing in the presence of scattered cilia on the sides. Backward process from occipital short, broad, emarginate, con- nected by ligament with the first interspinal buckler; in adults the dis- tance between this process and the buckler is equal to the length of the former; in young examples the process overlaps the keel on the under- side of the buckler. Head narrow, width of intermaxillary band of teeth + of head; caudal deeply forked, the upper lobe the longer; barbels long, those of the maxillary extending past the gill opening. Sides with seat- tered hair-like cirri; these are very noticeable under a lens, but not readily distinguished by the nakedeye. This genus differs from all others of the family in having hair-like cirri on the sides. It differs from /ctalurus in having the occipital process and the interspinal buckler widely separated and connected by ligament; from Ameiurus in having a narrow head and a deeply forked caudal. Two species known, the following and Villarius dugesiti (Bean). (villus, a hair.) * This species is well known to the fishermen of the Atchafalaya River, by whom it is usually called the ‘eel cat,” though the name “ willow cat” is sometimes applied to it. It was explained by the fishermen that the name “eel cat’’ was given on account of the long feelers (i. e., barbels) and the name ‘willow cat’’ because it is most frequently found about the roots of willow trees. The eel cat is not an abundant species in the Atchafalaya River. During six days (April 19-24) spent at Morgan City several hun- dred catfish were examined at the three fish houses, and the total number of eel cats seen was fewer than twenty-five. The fishermen report that this proportion is about as great as at any time of the year. Of the four commercial species of catfishes handled on this river the most abundant oneis the blue cat (Jetalurus furcatus), and the next is the yel- low cat or goujon (Leptops olivaris); the eel cat comes next and the spotted cat (Ictalurus punctatus) joan The blue cat and the yellow cat probably constitute 98 per cent of the entire catch. 2730 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 220(a). VILLARIUS PRICEI, Rutter. B. 8; D. 1, 6; A. 22 or 23; C.17; P.1,9; V.8. Head 3} to 3% in body; eye 5 to 7 in head; snout 23; maxillary 5} to6. Maxillary barbel very long, reaching beyond the pectoral spine, in the adult about to its tip when depressed, 3 to 4 times as long as the barbel at nostril. Origin of dorsal midway between snout and middle of base of adipose fin; pecto- rals inserted halfway between snout and ventrals; longest dorsal ray 6 to 7 times in length of body; spine of dorsal longer than its base, equal to base of adipose fin; longest pectoral ray about half of head, pectoral spine 2} to 3 in head, with about 12 distinct hooked serre behind, these fewer and somewhat smaller in the young; base of anal 3 times in its dis- tance from snout, its longest ray equal to length of ventral; caudal deeply forked. Lateral line faint. This species differs from J. dugesii (Bean) in having very prominent serrations on the pectoral spines, the types of dugesii having the pectoral spines without serre. We have examined a specimen of dugesii, 4 inches long, from Salamanca, Mexico, which is in the type basin; it has the cirri minute and light in color, a row of papille along the lat- eral line, and the pectoral spines with 4 or 5 degenerate serre. (Named for William Wightman Price, who collected the type specimen.) Villarius pricet, RuTTER, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., ser. 2, vol. Vi, 1896, 257, San Bernardino Creek, a tributary of the Yaqui River, southern Arizona. (Type, No. 4826, L.S. Jr. Univ. Mus.) Page 143. Leptops olivaris is known as the Goujon in Louisiana, where it is an important food-fish. Page 146. In Schilbeodes gyrinus the anal rays are 14 to 16; not 13. Page 152. Under Rhamdia salvini read ‘‘Osbert Salvin” for ‘ Oscar Salvin.” Page 170. Pantosteus arizona, Gilbert, is described and figured in Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1898, 488, pl. 36. Page 174. Catostomus discobolus is distinct from the true C. latipinnis. The two species are confused in the description of C. latipinnis given by us. They may each be described as follows: 279. CATOSTOMUS LATIPINNIS, Baird & Girard. Head 4; depth about 5}; eye high up and small, 5 to 7 in head, 3 to 34 in snout, 24 to 2% in interorbital space; interorbital width 22 in head. D. 14 or 15; A. 7; scales 19 or 20-89 to 102-16 to 18, 46 to 50 transverse rows in front of dorsal fin. Head depressed and flat above, its greatest depth 14 in its length, the depth below lower edge of orbit 3 in its length. Least depth of caudal peduncle 44 in head, or 34 in its own length. Fins very large, the dorsal with its upper margin concave; ventrals and pee- torals rounded; dorsal as long as its longest ray, 1,4; in head, its last ray a little less than 4 the length of the first ray; origin of dorsal fin nearer tip of snout than base of caudal; ventrals not reaching quite to vent, 1% in head. Muzzle not projecting; about 6 rows of short, thick papille on upper lip, the smallest above; lower lip large, incised to its base, with Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2791 about 12 rows of short, thick papille, posteriorly quite small; distance from front of upper lip to back of lower 14 in snout; jaws with a slight cartilaginous sheath; width of preorbital a little less than 4 its length. Reaches a length of about 2 feet. Lower Colorado River basin. This description by Gilbert & Scofield, based upon specimens from the Gila River at Tempe, Arizona. 279(a). CATOSTOMUS DISCOBOLUS, Cope. Head 31 to 44; depth about 54; eye small, high up, 54 to 6 in head, 2? in snout, 2? in interorbital width, which is 8} in head; width of preorbital less than 4 its length; least depth of caudal peduncle 2} in its length, or 2 in head; greatest depth of head 14 in its length; depth from lower edge of orbit 3} in head. D. 12 or 13; A. 7; scales 19 to 21-101 to 109-17 to 21, 52 to 63 in front of dorsal. Muzzle projecting slightly beyond upper lip. Upper wargin of dorsal very slightly concave, the length of its base 1} in its longest ray, or 1} in head; last dorsal ray } length of first; origin of dorsal midway between tip of snout and base of caudal; ventral rounded, 1? in head, not quite reaching vent. Mouth as in C, latipinnis except that the posterior tubercles on lower lip are long and not nearly so closely set, there being 9 or 10 rows; jaws with a slight cartilaginous pellicle. Upper portion of the Colorado River basin. Attains the length of a foot or more. The above description by Gilbert & Scofield from spe- cimens from Green River at Green River Station, Wyoming. Catostomus discobolus, Cope, Hayden’s Geol. Surv. Wyo., 435, 1870, Green River, Wyo- ming; GILBERT & SCOFIELD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1898, 490. Page 175. After Catostomus griseus add: 280(a). CATOSTOMUS RETROPINNIS, Jordan. A doubtful species which is, however, not yet shown to be invalid. Head 44; depth 54; eye 6? in head; snout 2; interorbital 2. D.11; A. 7; seales 17-108-14. Body slender, head slender, snout very long, candal peduncle long, its least depth less than snout, 24 in head; dorsal profile very little elevated; mouth large, wholly inferior, overhung by the pig- like projecting snout; lips thin but very broad, lower lip incised nearly to base, with about 6 rows of moderate papillie; lobes of lower lip very long, about 4 of snout; gill rakers short and weak. Origin of dorsal a little nearer base of caudal than tip of snout; base of dorsal equal to snout; longest dorsal ray a little greater than base of fin; anal fin long and pointed, the fourth ray longest, 1;'; in head; caudal lunate, the middle ray 14 in outer rays; pectoral somewhat falcate, the longest 1} in head; ventrals rather short, not reaching vent by more than an eye’s diameter. Length 14 inches. Catostomus retropinnis, JORDAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., xu, 178, 1878, Milk River, Montana. (Type, No. 21197. Coll. Dr. Elliott Coues.) 2792 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Page 176. After Catostomus catostomus add: 282(a). CATOSTOMUS RIMICULUS, Gilbert & Snyder. Head 4} in body; depth 5; depth of caudal peduncle 2? in head; eye 74; dorsal rays 11; scales 18-91-13, before dorsal 42, D. 11; A. 7; pectoral 17. Head as deep as wide. Both lips full, the lobe of lower lip broadly rounded behind, the cleft not nearly reaching base of lip, the portion between mandible and apex of cleft with 4 series of tubercles; tuber- cles coarse and blunt, becoming reduced in size toward margins of lips, but less so than in related species; upper lip with 5 rows of tubercles. Eyes very small, the front of the eye nearly midway of head; interorbital space convex, 24 in head. Scales comparatively smooth, gradually grow- ing smaller posteriorly. Dorsal fin inserted midway between end of snout and base of caudal, first ray preceded by 2 short, simple ones; last ray divided to base; length of base of fin equal to the height, which is con- tained 6} times in the body; height of anal twice the length of the base, 5 in body; length of pectorals 43 in body; ventrals 64 in body; caudal 4}. Color above dusky, the central parts of scales lighter; under parts white; dorsal and caudal fins dusky, others white. This species belongs to the C. catostomus type, with very small scales, and is most nearly related to C. tahoensis. From the latter it differs in the smaller eye, less deeply cleft lower lip, blunter labial tubercles, larger scales, and the much smaller fontanel, which is reduced in adults to a very narrow linear slit, or more commonly entirely obsolete. Lower portion of the Klamath River basin, northern California. (Diminutive of rimus, crevice, from the small fon- tanel.) Catostomus rimiculus, GILBERT & SNYDER, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. 1897 (Jan. 6, 1898), 3, Trinity River, Humboldt County, California. (Type, No. 5654, L. 8. Jr. Univ, Mus. Coll. Capt. W. E. Dougherty.) Page 177. Catostomus rex is identical with Deltistes luxatus and should be added to the synonymy of that species, p. 185. The type of Catostomus labiatus did not come from Klamath Lake, but from the Sacramento River, at Stockton, California. It is identical with C. occidentalis. The species from Klamath Lake has been recently described as 285. CATOSTOMUS SNYDERI, Gilbert. Head 44 in length; snout 2,4; in head, equaling interorbital width; eye 5%. D. 11; A. 7; scales 15 or 14-69 to 77-10 or 11. Mouth very small, the width between angles but + length of snout in our largest specimen; greatest width of lobe of lower lip } diameter of eye; lower lip deeply incised, with 1 or 2 papillee between symphysis and base of cleft; upper lip narrow, with 5 or 6 papille in a cross series, the uppermost becoming very small; basal portion of the lower lip with coarse tubercles, those toward posterior margin becoming very fine and arranged in evident series separated by grooves. Mucous canals on head forming conspicuous raised ridges with prominent pores, the systerh much more conspicuously developed than in any related species. Origin of dorsal fin constantly Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2793 nearer snout than base of caudal; the dorsal fin short, its base not exceed- ing the height of the longest ray, usually less. In our specimens the pec- torals reach scarcely } distance to ventrals and the ventrals scarcely % distance to vent; the anal may extend beyond base of rudimentary caudal rays. Scales strongly ridged, their margins crenate; the anterior scales are smaller, but do not appear greatly crowded; the average number of tubes in the lateral line is about 73, the number varying from 69 to 77. Dusky, the lower part of sides with coarse black specks, the under parts white; fins all dusky. (Gilbert.) A larger specimen has been described as follows: Head 4!; depth 4; eye 64 in head; snout 24; maxillary 3}; mandible 2!; interorbital 2}; width of mouth 3} in head, more than } length of snout; greatest width of lower lip } diameter of eye. D. II, 11; A. 7; scales 13-70-11. Body rather slender; head long, mouth moderate, horizontal; lips thick papil- lose, the upper with about 4 or 5 rows of papille, lower with about 7; lower lip divided nearly to base, leaving only 1 row of papillw crossing the symphysis; premaxillary not much projecting and not forming a prominent hump; maxillary rather short, not reaching vertical at front of anterior nostril; eye equally distant between snout and posterior edge of opercle; mucous canals on head forming raised ridges, the pores conspicu- ous. Fins moderate; origin of dorsal a little nearer snout than base of caudal, sixth spine over insertion of ventrals; pectoral 1} in head, reach- ing slightly more than } distance to ventrals; ventrals not quite reaching vent, the seventh ray longest, 1? in head; anal long, pointed, reaching to base of caudal, 1} in head. Seales crowded anteriorly, about 32 trans- verse rows in front of dorsal, strongly ridged, the margins crenate. (Evermann & Meek.) Length 1 to 2 feet. Klamath Lakes, Oregon; specimens examined from Upper Klamath Lake, Lost River, and William- son River. (Named for Mr. John O. Snyder, instructor in Zoology in Stanford University.) Catostomus snydert, GILBERT, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Jan. 6, 1898) 3, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon (Type, No. 48222.- Coll. Gilbert, Cramer & Otaki); EVERMANN & MEEK, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1887, 69. Page 178. After Catostomus occidentalis add: 286(a). CASTOSTOMUS TSILTCOOSENSIS, Evermann & Meek. Head 44; depth 5; eye 6} in head; snout 2. D. 13; A. 7; scales 13-65-8, 54 before the dorsal. Pectoral 1} in head; longest dorsal ray 12; base of dorsal 12; longest anal ray 14; ventral 12. Body rather slender, subterete; head small, snout long and pointed; mouth inferior, overhung by the pro- jecting snout; lips rather thin, 1 row of large papill on upper lip, and about 2 irregular rows of smaller ones behind or inside of it; lower lip incised nearly to base, 1 or 2 rows of small papillw across the isthmus; lobes of lower lip moderately long and thin, the bases with papille merging into plications toward the tips. Eye quite small, the anterior edge of orbit at middle of head. Top of head flat or very slightly convex between theeyes. Fins small; pectorals short androunded; ventrals short, rounded, 3030-——98 2794 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. the middle rays but little longer than the others; anal small, somewhat pointed; margin of dorsal somewhat concave; caudal lunate, not deeply forked. Muciferous canals on head not strongly developed. Scales mod- erately large; lateral line nearly straight, not running upward toward nape. This species differs from C. occidentalis, to which it is related, in the smaller head, longer, more pointed snout, smaller eye, larger scales, and its much smaller fins. In C. occidentalis the pectoral fins are faleate, while in this species they are more rounded; the ventrals also are less pointed. Length a foot or less. Coastal streams of middle western Ore- gon; known from Tsiltcoos Lake and the Siuslaw River. ( tsiltcoosensis, from the type locality.) Catostomus tsiltcoosensis, EVERMANN & MEEK, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Jan. 6, 1898), 68, fig. 1, Tsiltcoos Lake, Lane County, Oregon. (Type, No. 48479. Coll. Dr. Seth E. Meek.) Page 180. The species called Catostomus fecundus in the text belongs in the genus Chasmistes, to which it should be transferred as Chasmistes fecundus (Cope & Yarrow). Page 182. The species of Chasmistes are not confined to the Great Basin. One species (C. brevirostris) occurs in the Klamath Lakes basin. Page 183. The species called Chasmistes luxatus in the text belongs to a genus distinct from Chasmistes, which may be characterized as follows: 93(a). DELTISTES, Seale. Deltistes, SEALE, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., ser. 2, vol. VI, 1896, 269 (luxatus). This genius is close to Chasmistes, agreeing with it in every respect except in the peculiar structure of the gill rakers. In Chasmistes they are as in Calostomus, while in Deltistes they are broad, shaped like the Greek letter 4 (delta), and their edges are unarmed and entire. Lower pharyn- geals weak, with numerous small teeth. Deltistes luxatus (Cope) is the single known species. (déAra, the Greek letter corresponding to D.) After Chasmistes cujus add: 297(a). CHASMISTES STOMIAS, Gilbert. Head 44; depth 44; eye 7; snout 2?; maxillary (measured from free end to tip of snout) 34; mandible 24. D. II,11; A. 1,7; scales 13-85-10; inter- orbital width 24; vertical depth of head at mandibular articulation 2%. Head small, body heavy forward, the back strongly and regularly arched from snout to origin of dorsal fin, thence declined in a nearly straight line to base of caudal; ventral surface nearly straight. Premaxillary spines strongly protruding, forming a prominently projecting snout; mouth rather small, inclined upward at an angle of about 40°, maxillary scarcely reaching vertical from front of anterior nostril; width of mouth 12 in snout or 4? in head; upper lip thin, without papille ; lower lip thin, interrupted at symphysis, forming narrow lateral lobes, the width of which is about 22 times in their length; faint indications of a few papille; mucous canals forming ridges, the pores conspicuous; gill rakers long, Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2795 narrowly triangular at the tip when viewed from behind, densely tufted on the anterior edge; fontanel narrow, its length 2? in the snout, its width about + its length. Fins all large; the origin of the dorsal a little nearer tip of snout than base of caudal, the sixth ray over base of ventral, its base 12 in head, the free edge nearly straight, the last ray 12 in the first, which is 1} in head; pectorals scarcely falcate, reaching a little more than } distance to base of ventrals, their length 14 in head; ventrals long, reaching vent, the rays gradually increasing in length from the outer to the seventh and eighth, which are longest, the ninth and tenth being but slightly shorter, the length of the longest ray 1? in head or about + longer than the first; anal long and pointed, the fourth ray longest, reaching base of caudal, 1; in head; each ray of anal fin with 8 to 12 strong tubercles; caudal lobes about equal, their length 12 times the middle ray. Length a foot or more. Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, where it is abundant and of some importance as a food-fish. The Klamath Indian name is K-ahp-tu. (6rouzas, large-mouthed. ) Chasmistes stomias, GILBERT, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Jan. 6, 1898), 5, with plate, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon (Type, No. 48223. Coll. Gilbert, Cramer & Otaki); EVrErR- MANN & MEEK, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897, 70. 297(b). CHASMISTES COPEI, Evermann & Meek. Head 33; depth 4; eye 64; snout 24; maxillary (measured from free end to tip of snout) 3; mandible2?. D. II, 10; A. I, 7; scales 13-80-12; inter- orbital width 21; vertical depth of head at mandibular articulation 2}. Head large, cheek very deep, the depth equal to distance from tip of snout to nostril; body stout, back scarcely elevated, caudal peduncle rather short and stout; ventral surface somewhat convex. Premaxillary spines less protruding than in C. stomias, not forming a prominent hump; mouth large, inclined upward at an angle of 45°, maxillary not nearly reaching vertical at front of anterior nostril; width of mouth 14 in snout, or 4 in head; upper lip thin, without papille; lower lip thin, entirely without papill, interrupted at symphysis, forming rather broad lateral lobes; pores on head very conspicuous; gill rakers larger than in C. stomias, broadly triangular at tip when viewed from behind, densely tufted on anterior edge, each appendage more or less bifid and club- shaped, closely resembling those of C. liorus; fontanel narrow, its length 24 in snout, width + its length. Fins all small; origin of dorsal a little nearer snout than base of caudal, its sixth ray over base of ventrals, free edge straight, base 24 in head, last ray a little less than 2 in first, which is 2 in head; pectorals somewhat faleate, reaching slightly more than } distance to ventrals, their length 12 in head; ventrals very short, reaching only # distance to vent, free end nearly straight; outer ray lon- gest, 27 in head; inner shortest, 3} in head; anal fin short, bluntly pointed, not reaching base of caudal, third and fourth rays longest, 1{ in head; no tubercles on anal rays; caudal lobes equal, length about 13 times the middle ray. Scales small and crowded anteriorly, about 14 rows down- ward and backward from front of dorsal to lateral line, 11 vertically upward from base of ventral to lateral line, about 38 oblique series before 2796 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. dorsal; lateral line nearly straight, with about 80 scales. Entire upper parts of head and body, and sides nearly to level of base of pectorals, dark olivaceous; under parts abruptly whitish or yellowish in alcohol; a dark spot in upper part of axil; dorsal and caudal dark; pectorals dark on inner surface; ventrals and anal plain. From Chasmistes stomias this species is readily distinguished by its larger head, larger, more oblique mouth, less prominent snout, and very small fins. The differences in the fins are very great, particularly in the ventrals. It differs from C. brevi- rostris, as characterized by Dr. Gilbert, in its much larger, more oblique mouth, the absence of papillie on the lips, and shorter fins. Length 2 feet. Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. Klamath Indian name “Tswam.” (Named for the late Prof. Edward Drinker Cope, who wrote the first paper on the fishes of Upper Klamath Lake. ) Ohasmistes copeit, EVERMANN & MEEK, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Jan. 6, 1898), 70, fig. 3, Pelican Bay, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. (Type, No. 48224. Coll. Meek & Alexander.) . Page 205. Campostoma pricei can not be distinguished by us from C. ornatum. See Rutter, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., ser. 2, vol. v1, 1896, 259. Page 211. After Alyansea tincella add: 337(a). ALGANSEA TARASCORUM, Steindachner. Head 32; depth 42; eye less than 5; snout about 4; interorbital 3. D. Ill, 7; A. III, 6; P.17; V.9; scales 84 or 85, 18 or 19. Body stouter than in A. lacustris, head shorter, lateral line more decurved and nearer ventral line at middle of body, and scales more numerous. Mouth very oblique, lower jaw not projecting, maxillary not quite reaching vertical at anterior edge of eye. Teeth 4-4, hooked, and with narrow grinding surface. Origin of dorsal in advance of ventrals, equally distant between base of caudal and middle of eye; height of dorsal twice its base. Ventrals not reaching anal fin by an eye’s diameter; caudal deeply notched. A dark gray longitudinal band with metallic luster extending from opercle to caudal fin, lying chiefly above lateral line; color otherwise plain. Length 5i inches. Lake Pétzcuaro, Mexico. (Steindachner.) Algansea tarascorwm, STEINDACHNER, Einige Fischarten Mex., U1, pl. 3, figs. 2-2ec, 1895, Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico. (Coll. Princess Theresa von Bayern.) Page 218. To the synonymy of Pimephales notatus add: Spinicephalus jfibulatus, Le SUEUR, in VAILLANT, Bull. Soc. Philom., vii, 1896, 29, pl. 26. Page 225. After Ptychocheilus oregonensis add: 358. PTYCHOCHEILUS GRANDIS (Ayres). (SACRAMENTO PIKE.) This species differs from P. oregonensis principaliy in the larger size of the scales above the lateral line, the smaller number of rays in the dorsal fin, and the lighter and slenderer pharyngeal bones. Head 3} to 3} in length; depth 5 to 5;); eye 3% to 4 in head; scales 13 to 16 above lateral Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 249% line, 70 to 80 transverse rows along lateral line (16 to 18 above lateral line, 69 to 72 transverse rows in P. oregonensis). D.8; A. 8. In other respects similar to P. oregonensis. Ptychocheilus harfordi is apparently not distinct from P. grandis, being based on a specimen with very small scales. P. grandis is confined to waters of California, P. oregonensis to Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. . Gila grandis, AYRES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci. 1854, 18, San Francisco. Ptychocheilus major, AGAssiz, Am. Jour. Sci. Arts 1855, 229, San Francisco. Ptychocheilus harfordi, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 72, Sacramento River (Type, No. 27246. Coll. Jordan & Gilbert); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 226 1883. ; Page 239. After Leuciscus balteatus add: 376(a). LEUCISCUS SIUSLAWI, Evermann & Meek. Head 41; depth 41; eye 4; snout 34; maxillary 32. D.II, 9; A. II, 12 or 13; scales 11-58-8; teeth 2, 4-5, 2, somewhat hooked. Body rather slender, slightly elevated and somewhat compressed; head small and pointed, cheek not deep; snout pointed, somewhat longer than eye; mouth moderate, somewhat oblique, maxillary just reaching vertical at front of orbit; jaws subequal, the lower sometimes slightly projecting; eye large, not as great as snout. Origin of dorsal fin behind base of ven- trals and much nearer base of caudal than tip of snout, the longest ray 14 in head, greater than base of fin; origin of anal fin under last dorsal ray but 2, its height equal to that of dorsal, its base equal to its longest ray; free edges of dorsal and anal nearly straight; pectoral 1} to 14 in head, not reaching insertion of ventrals; ventrals short, 1+ in pectoral, reaching anus; caudal deeply forked; lateral line complete, decurved. Color in spirits, brownish or olivaceous above, middle of side with a broad dark band involving the lateral line anteriorly and posteriorly, but lying chiefly above it mesially; middle of side from gill opening to beneath dorsal fin with a broad rosy band, following closely beneath the lateral line; lower part of sides and under parts silvery, dusted over with fine dark specks; a light yellowish band extending backward from upper pos- terior border of eye nearly halfway to origin of dorsal fin; cheek with a silvery or golden crescent; top of head dark; opercles dusky silvery; snout dusky; fins plain, dorsal and caudal somewhat dusky. ‘This species is close to L. balteatus, but has smaller anal and dorsal fins, a more slender body, smaller and more slender head, and longer, more pointed snout. The extent of variation in proportional measurements and in the number of anal fin rays appears to be much less than in L. balteatus. It also resembles L. cooperi, but has a much shorter lower jaw and a more pointed snout. Known only from the Siuslaw River and Tsiltcoos Lake, western Oregon, where it is common. (siuslawi, of the Siuslaw River.) Leuciscus siuslawi, EVERMANN & MEEK, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Jan. 6, 1898), 72, fig. 4, Siuslaw River, Mapleton, Oregon. (Type, No. 48480. Coll. Dr. Meek.) Page 240. After Leuciscus elongatus add: 2798 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 378(a). LEUCISCUS NACHTRIEBI, Cox. Head 44 to 44; depth 5 (44 to 54); eye 4; snout 43. D.8; A. 8. Body rather heavy, not greatly compressed; back slightly elevated, its curve a little greater than that of the belly; caudal peduncle rather stout, its depth + the length of the head. Head rather short, not any more com- pressed than the body, upper surface slightly flattened; snout quite blunt in mature individuals, its length 14 times width of eye; mouth not very large, but little oblique, lower jaw included; maxillary scarcely reaching to front of orbit; pharyngeal teeth 2, 4-5, 2. Dorsal fin inserted nearer base of caudal than tip of snout, also slightly back of ventrals; caudal fin forked; anal slightly smaller than dorsal; ventrals small, not reaching vent by 4 their length; pectorals inserted rather high, not reaching the ventrals by # their length; scales small, 12-72-9, lateral line complete on mature individuals, decurved, the pores extending on head in several lines, 1 passing back of eye, another down to nostril. General color dusky, darkest on back; sides above lateral line dull silvery, below lateral line light silvery; a faint dark dorsal band in some specimens, in others absent; no black lateral band, but some specimens have a very faint dusky shade along lateral line; no light stripe above lateral line; upper portion of opercles with a dusky shade, lower part bright silvery; upper part of head dark-colored; all the above colors typical in the young as well as adults. Length 4 inches. JL. nachtriebi differs from. L. neogewus in having a well-developed lateral line, a smaller eye, fewer scales, less oblique mouth, a shorter maxillary, and in being a larger fish and differently colored. It differs from L. elongatus in having a smaller mouth, the lower jaw never projecting, head less pointed, a shorter maxillary, finer scales, and the absence of the black lateral band. Lakes of northern Minnesota; at present known from Mille Lacs, Man Trap, Mud and Elbow lakes. (Named for Prof. Henry F. Nachtrieb, State zoologist of Minnesota. ) Leuciscus nachtriebi, Cox, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1894 (Dec. 14, 1896), 615, Mille Lacs Lake, Aikin County, Minnesota. (Type, No. 47688. Coll. Minn. Nat. Hist. Surv.) Page 241. To the synonymy of Leuciscus neogaus add: Oyprinus burtonianus, LE SUEUR in VAILLANT, Bull. Soc, Philom., vim, 1896, 28, with plate, Burton Mine, Missouri. Page 244. Leucos and Myloleucus can not be maintained as subgenera, the characters of the teeth not being constant. The following notes on Rutilus olivaceus as seen at Emerald Bay, Lake Tahoe, may prove useful. 385. RUTILUS OLIVACEUS (Cope). (TAHOE CHUB.) » This species is very different from Mutilus symmetricus, looking like Leuciscus lineatus. Very common; reaches 2 to 3 pounds weight; devours eggs of trout. No doubt the records of Leuciscus lineatus (atrarius) from Lake Tahoe belong to this species. Head4; depth 4} to4}. D.8; A.8; scales 11-56-6; teeth always 5-5, with broad grinding surface. Body oblong, Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2799 moderately compressed, the back somewhat elevated anteriorly in old examples. Head conical, rounded above; eye moderate, 14 insnout (6 inches long), 5 in head; about as long as maxillary. Mouth terminal, very oblique, the lower jaw included; the snout not prominent; the short maxillary not reaching eye. Dorsal high and pointed; anal short, rather high; pectoral long, reaching ? distance to ventrals, which reach vent; ventrals below front of dorsal, which is behind middle of body. Scales with edges largely exposed; lateral line running low, complete. Dusky olive above and on sides to level of ventrals, with brassy luster everywhere; middle of belly only white, a pale yellowish area between pectorals and ventrals; head brassy, dusky: above, closely dotted above and on sides; body everywhere closely dotted with black, except on mid- dle line below; fins all dusky, with dark points. This species is well sep- arated from all the R. symmetricus tribe. Page 247. Lusilinus occidentalis is the young of Lavinia exilicauda, Baird & Girard (p.209), and must be placed in the synonymy of that species. Luxilinus is a pure synonym of Lavinia. Page 249. Under Opsopwodus bollmani, for “ Buckland Creek” read “ Buckhead Creek.” Page 254. For Azteca, line 22, substitute Aztecula, Jordan & Kvermann, new subgenus. The former name is preoccupied by Azteca, Forel, 1878, a genus of ants. The same substitution to be made in the key on page 255 and on page 258. Page 260. Before Notropis cayuga insert: = 404(a). NOTROPIS WELAKA, Evermann & Kendall. Head 4}; depth 5; eye 3 in head; snout 3}. D.8; A. 8 or 9; scales 6-35-3; teeth 4-4, hooked. Body rather slender, moderately compressed ; head short, snout bluntly pointed; mouth moderate, somewhat oblique, lower jaw slightly included, maxillary scarcely reaching front of eye; premaxillaries protractile. Eye large; posterior edge of pupil at middle of longitudinal length of head; interorbital width greater than eye; caudal peduncle long and slender. Dorsal fin inserted well behind base of ventrals, a little nearer base of caudal than tip of snout, its longest rays shorter than head, but slightly longer than longest anal rays; ante- rior dorsal and anal rays longest; pectoral 1+ in head; ventrals reaching origin of anal; caudal deeply notched, the lobes long and pointed. Scales large, lateral line incomplete, developed only on 6 to 10 scales. Back olivaceous; side with a broad black band extending from snout through eye, and ending in a rather distinct black spot on base of caudal, the black spot in some specimens (probably mature males) surrounded by orange; the black line bordered above by a narrow orange or reddish line, less distinct, or even whitish, in females and immature individuals; under parts plain; fins all plain; dorsal and caudal somewhat dusky; dusky specks on body along base of anal and under side of caudal pedun- cle; lower jaw tipped with dusky. This species resembles Notropis ano- genus, but difters in having the mouth somewhat larger and less oblique, 2800 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. the lower jaw more included, the body more slender, the lateral line less developed, the dorsal fin more posterior, and the anal rays more numer- ous. It was found in considerable abundance in the St. Johns River, near Welaka, Florida. (welaka, from the type locality.) Notropis welaka, EVERMANN & KENDALL, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Feb. 9, 1898), 126, pl. 6, fig. 2, St. Johns River, near Welaka, Florida. (Type, No. 48786. Coll. Dr. W.C Kendall.) Page 262. After Notropis blennius add: 408(a). NOTROPIS BUCHANANI, Meek. Head 4; depth 4. D. 8; A. 8; scales 6-31-2; teeth 4-4. Body rather robust, back considerably elevated, snout blunt, mouth small and nearly horizontal. Snout short, about + diameter of eye. Preorbital bone slightly longer than broad. Eye moderate, 3 in head. Lateral line com- plete, or nearly so; about 12 scales in a series before dorsal fin. Dorsal fin slightly nearer tip of snout than base of caudal; pectorals reaching ventrals; ventrals reaching anal. Color light olivaceous, a faint silvery lateral band; no dark lateral band or black caudal spot. This species belongs to the V. blennius type. Itis a smaller species, lighter in color, and has fewer scales in the lateral line. Poteau River, Arkansas. (Named for Dr. John L. Buchanan, president of the Arkansas Industrial University. ) Notropis buchanani, MEEK, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. 1895 (April 13, 1896), 342, small creek near Poteau, Indian Territory. (Type, No. 47532. Coll. Dr. Meek.) Page 267. Under Notropis nux; nuece, not neche, is nut in Spanish. Page 274, line 11, for luxoides, read luxiloides. Page 287. After Notropis lutipinnis insert: 466(a). NOTROPIS CHAMBERLAINI, Evermann, new species. Head 44; depth 44; eye 4; snout 4. D.7; A. 9; scales 7-39-3, about 15 before the dorsal. Gencral form much like that of Hybognathus; body only moderately compressed, dorsal and ventral outlines slightly arched; head rather small, pointed; mouth small, a little oblique, the maxillary scarcely reaching anterior border of orbit, lower jaw slightly included; snout equal to eye; eye in axis of body. Fins all rather small; origin of dorsal slightly behind vertical at insertion of ventrals; free edge of dorsal fin somewhat concave, the anterior rays about equal to length of head; pectoral short, slightly faleate, the longest rays about 12 in head; ventrals shorter than pectoral, barely reaching vent; anal similar to dorsal, the rays shorter; caudal widely forked, the middle rays 24 in the outer, the lobes as long as head, the lower lobe slightly longer than the upper. Scales moderately imbricated, the exposed portions not deeper than long; lateral line complete, somewhat decurved. Teeth 2, 4-4, 2 or 1, rather weak, hooked, and with small grinding surface. Intestine short; peri- toneum silvery. General color light straw; middle of side with a broad, well-defined silvery band from upper end of gill opening to iniddle of Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2801 base of caudal fin, the anterior half lying wholly above the lateral line, the posterior portion lying partly below it; this silvery band bounded above by a narrow dark border; cheeks and opercles silvery; a darkish band along median line of back; fins all plain straw color or pale lemon. Fourteen examples of this species, 2 to 3 inches in length, were obtained from the Atchafalaya River at Melville, Louisiana, by Mr. Fred M. Chamberlain, for whom the species is named. Notropis chamberlaini, EVERMANN MS., Atchafalaya River, Melville, Louisiana. (Type, No. 48901.) Page 291. Notropis scopifer, Eigenmann .& HKigenmann, is identical with Notropis hudsonius selene (Jordan), (p. 269), and should be omitted. Page 294. After Notropis dilectus insert: 487(a). NOTROPIS LOUISIANE, Evermann, new species. Head 42; depth 54; eye 3; snont3. D.7; A. 11; scales 7-37-3, 19 or 20 before the dorsal. ‘Teeth 1, 4-4, 2, little hooked. Body long and slender, back not arched; head short, but pointed; mouth rather large, oblique, maxillary scarcely reaching orbit, lower jaw somewhat included; eye large, equal to or greater than snout. Fins rather small; origin of dorsal far behind insertion of ventrals, its longest rays 12 in head; pectorals short, their length equal to height of anal; ventrals very short, 2 in head; caudal deeply forked. Scales firm, moderately imbricated; lateral line complete, gently decurved. Color pale; side with a faint plumbeous band; back and upper part of sides with numerous dark specks chiefly on the margins of the scales, thus forming cross-hatchings; a narrow dark vertebral band on caudal peduncle; peritoneum silvery, with numerous minute round black specks. Length 2} inches. This species resembles Yotropis dilectus, but has a much smaller mouth, blunter snout, and in being less silvery along the side. Known only from the Atchafalaya River, Louisiana. Notropis louisiane, EVERMANN MS., Atchafalaya River, Melville, Louisiana. (Type, No. 48902. Coll. Fred M. Chamberlain.) Page 348. Anguilla chrysypa is abundant in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, according to Dr. Wm. Wakeham. Page 355. The original type of Congermurena is C. habenata, Kaup, a species with blunt or granular teeth. The American species all belong to a distinct genus, Congrellus, Ogilby (type balearica), distinguished by the villiform teeth. These genera are charactered by Mr. Ogilby in a paper as yet unpublished. Pages 356 and 357. In Congermurena flava the upper jaw projects far beyond the lower. By a slip in the original description the reverse is said to be the case. Page 359. Murwnesox coniceps is called Culevra Blanca at Mazatlan, and reaches a length of 7 feet. Page 368. Avocettina gilli, Bean, should probably stand as a species distinct from Avocettina infans. The description in the footnote on page 2802 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 368 is sufficiently full. See Jordan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., ser. 2, vol. v1, 1896, 206, pl. 21. Page 369. No. 604, Labichthys elongatus, is a true Avocettina, having the vent far behind the head. It should stand as— 602(a). AVOCETTINA ELONGATA (Gill & Ryder). Page 376. After Myrichthys tigrinus, Girard, add: 615(a). MYRICHTHYS XYSTURUS, Jordan & Gilbert. Teeth all more or less blunt and granular; a band of 3 or 4 series on each side of lower jaw; a band of 2 rows on each side of upper jaw; vomer with a long series divided into 2 for about 4 its length. Anterior nasal tubes conspicuous, turned downward. Eye 2} in snout; front of eye above middle of gape, the length of which is a little more than 4 of head; the angle of mouth well behind eye. Interorbital width about $ length of the rather long and slender snout, which projects much beyond lower jaw, the tip of the latter about reaching middle of snout. Length of head contained 4} times in that of trunk; head and trunk together shorter than tail, and contained 2} to 24 times in total length. Pectoral very small, its length about equal to depth of gill opening. Dorsal beginning close behind nape, much in front of gill opening; fins low; tail pointed, the tip sharp. Color light olive; sides each with 3 series of large round brown spots, those of the 2 upper series of equal size, those of lower scarcely 4 as large, faint, and often obsolete anteriorly; the spots irregular in their arrangement, those of the upper series usually twice as numerous as those of the next; those of the upper series along base of dorsal fin extending partly on the base of the fin; lower series of spots along base of anal, some of them extending on the fin or even entirely upon it; on the belly are sometimes small dark spots, scarcely arranged in series; dorsal fin with a terminal series of dark spots, which are partly confluent, the fin narrowly margined with white; anal reddish, with a lighter margin; pectoral with a blackish blotch; head covered with round black spots, which become smaller and more numerous toward the snout; lower jaw with dark spots; iris light yellow. Pacific coast of Mexico; common among the rocks about Mazat- lan. (CUdrov, aspike; ovpa, tail.) A species distinct from M. tigrinus, which is known only from the original type figured by Jordan & Davis, and described in the text of Part I of this work, page 376. This specimen, said to be from ‘‘Adair Bay, Oregon,” may not be American, as there is no such bay in Oregon, and no second specimen of the true Myrichthys tigrinus has been found anywhere. Ophichthys xysturus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 346, Mazatlan, Mex- ico. (Type No. 28142. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) 615(b). MYRICHTHYS PANTOSTIGMIUS, Jordan & McGregor. Head 3! in trunk; head and trunk 14 in tail; cleft of mouth 3 in head; eye 2% in snout, which is 5 in head; pectorals 2 in snout; anterior nasal tube equal to the eye. Color olivaceous, with distinct rows of roundish Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2803 blackish spots, some oblong, smaller on head and covering the whole belly ; 39 spots in the dorsal row, these spots usually alternating each with its fellow on the other side of dorsal, sometimes opposite; spots of second row usually opposite; spots of third row smaller and more numerous, extending from the cheeks to opposite the vent, thence running along base of anal, not running on fin, most of the spots of this row little more than $ length of snout; 2 rows of smaller spots along belly from gill open- ing to front of anal; spots on nape rather large, on head larger and more numerous than in M/. xysturus; pale color of head reduced to reticulations ; chin and throat spotted as much as head; no pale centers to any of the spots; dorsal without spots or with only a few, which come up from back; from beginning to end the dorsal has a broad black margin about + height of fin; anal mostly pale, but toward tip having some black markings; pectoral with upper half jet-black, a white margin posteriorly, a small black spot in lower corner. This species is distinguishable from all others by the great number of spots of small size and without pale centers; the black edge of dorsal; the black spot on the rather large pectoral, and especially by having the belly spotted as much as the other parts. Clarion Island. One specimen, about a foot long, known. (ds, whole, entire, all; oriyyua, spot.) Myrichthys pantostigmius, JORDAN & McGreaor, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1898, pl. 4, Clarion Island. (Type, No. 5710, L.S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. R. C. MeGregor.) Page 377. After Pisoodonophis cruentifer add: 618(a). PISOODGNOPHIS DASPILOTUS, Gilbert, new species. Brownish above, gray below, the head and body usually thickly cov- ered with black spots smaller than the eye; these are smaller and more numerous on the head, fewer and fainter on the lighter interior surface, and become indistinct or entirely disappear on the terminal portion of tail. In 1 specimen the head and trunk are spotted and the entire tail unicolor. In another no spots are present, the upper parts being a uni- form dark brown, the under parts lighter brown, a few dark freckles only being present on sides of head. In all specimens the snout and lower jaw are blackish. The anus is near the middle of the total length, sometimes nearer the tip of snout, sometimes nearer tip of tail. The cheeks are not greatly swollen. The gape extends behind the eye, its length, measured from tip of lower jaw to angle of mouth, being contained 4% to 4? in head. The snout projects beyond the lower jaw for a distance about equaling diameter of orbit. Eye 2 to 24in snout, 1} to 2} in interorbital width. Tubes of anterior nostrils about + diameter of eye, directed downward near tip of snout. Posterior nostrils under front of eye, concealed in the upper lip as usual. Teeth all bluntly conic, in rather wide bands on jaws and vomer; they are usually not disposed in regular series within the bands, but each band has about the width of 4 series, and these are some- times distinguishable. The mandibular teeth become larger on approach- ing the symphysis, those at point of mandible and those on head of vomer being much the largest teeth present. The patch on shaft of vomer tapers 2804 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. backward to a point considerably behind angle of mouth. Origin of dor- sal entirely behind tip of pectorals, its distance from snout } to 4 greater than length of the head. The tip of the tail is compressed, acute, horny, used for defense. Pectoral very short, from a wide base which slightly exceeds length of gillslit, The fin rapidly narrows downward, the longest portion contained 12 to 14 times in length of head. The width of gill slit is about + head. The following table gives measurements of 4 specimens in millimeters: | | . rey . . ~ oe : = Sule HBS an 2 Batiy ra oi (5/85/81. a | : | Flo |5|)™3lole |e Bb ; = 2 A] oO BSi-sul| 3 4 5 gla |e)eelalasg|oa|sal es (>) = HS!) Halon op aa Sl SB l/H|Baleloeal|so za a a A B/al]ol|Salel/azs|esias|] & 2 B ale ale 2 ao = S/ 3B (ae BB sislsltlseelale 1s |e | & 5 o | 8] oOo] sims S\/ES\|Sla |2 | 9 ® A lH JA le lolmM@is|/Flaldelaia |@ le | a 362 | 177 | 185 | 38 8/}3)5 93) 64 23/ 34 5 | 48 3 12 401 | 203 | 198 | 48 | 1031 3| 7 | 11 | 74 344] 6] 53| 4] 143 492 | 248 | 244 | 52 | 11 | 33] 73) 163] 82| 33/33] 63 68| 53! 18 494 | 255 | 239 | 56 | 12 | 43/7116] 88] 43/4] 6 | 683] 54] 16 Four specimens were secured, 3 obtained in brackish water at the mouth of a small stream which empties into Panama Bay, the fourth in a fresh- water pond at Miraflores. There is some reason to suppose that they burrow in the mud. Pisoodonophis daspilotus, GILBERT, Fishes of Panama, MS. 1898, Panama. Page 382. Murena ophis, Linneus, is without much doubt the original Ophichthus havannensis. The species would therefore stand as— 626. OPHICHTHUS OPHIS (Linnzeus). Page 396. Sidera castanea, Jordan & Gilbert, should be removed from the synonomy of Lycodontis funebris. It is apparently a valid species and should be inserted as— 650(a). LYCODONTIS CASTANEUS (Jordan & Gilbert). (MoRENA PRIETA.) Tail about as long as rest of body, orslightly longer. Head 2} in length of trunk; cleft of mouth wide, 2} to 2} in head. Teeth everywhere uni- serial or nearly so, those on sides of mandible small, compressed, close set, subtriangular, directed backward, about 18 in number on each side; man- dible with about 4 large canines anteriorly; upper jaw with the teeth partly in 2 series, some of the teeth being movable, the other mostly stronger, caninelike, especially anteriorly; front of vomer with 2 very long, slender canines, behind them a single series of small teeth; teeth all entire. Eye large, slightly nearer tip of snout than angle of mouth, its diameter 2 to 24 in snout; gill opening + wider than orbit; tube of anterior nostril short, less than } diameter of orbit; posterior nostril with- Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2805 out tube; occiput not especially elevated, the anterior profile scarcely concave (perfectly straight in young 2 feet long). Dorsal fin commencing much in advance of gill opening, becoming unusually high posteriorly, where its vertical height is more than 4} greatest depth of body; the length of the longest ray more than greatest depth of body. Color light brown- ish chestnut, slightly paler on abdomen; no spots or bands anywhere; fins without dark margins; no dark spot on gill opening or at angle of mouth; no black about eye; head without conspicuous pores. The speci- men here described is 44 inches in length; others about 2 feet in length agree very closely. This enormous eel is very common among the rocks about Mazatlan, where it reaches a length of 6 feet. It is close to the West Indian species, LZ. funebris, but the colors are not the same, funebris being a greenish black, while castaneus is a purplish chestnut, without shades of olive or green. (castaneus, chestnut. ) Sidera castanea, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 647, Mazatlan. (Type, Nos. 28246, 29535 and 29591. Coll. C. H. Gilbert.) After Lycodontis mordax add: 649(a). LYCODONTIS PICTUS (Ahj). Head 4 in trunk; tail about as long as body; eye 24 in snout, situated midway between snout and angle of mouth; cleft of mouth 23 in head; snout 5} in head; anterior nasal tube 5in snout; gill opening 11 in head. Teeth in each jaw in a single series; palatine series either parallel with these or divergent; no distinct canines; teeth comparatively small; ante- rior vomerine 1 or 2 in number, bluntish and conical; posterior vomerine teeth rather blunt. Anterior nasal tubes moderate. Dorsal low anteri- orly and beginning in front of gill opening. Color brownish gray or purplish, everywhere covered with small purplish black spots, which are not confluent; in the adult the spots are arranged in roundish or ring- like blotches on the sides; fins colored like body, without dark edges; young pale with black ring-shaped markings; variation in color and~ form of markings numerous. East Indies; everywhere common. [ast to offshore islands of Mexico. Two specimens, about 3 feet in length, taken at Clarion Island by Mr. R. C. McGregor. (pictus, painted.) Murena picta, AHL, le Murzna et ophichtho, v1, 6, tab. 2, f. 2; GUNTHER, Cat. Fish, vill, 116. . Gymnothorax pictus, BLEEKER, All. Ichth., Murzna, 87, tab. 26, 28, 29, 45. Murenophis pantherina, LACKPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 628, 1803. Murena variegata, QUOY & GAIMARD, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 246, pl. 52, f. 1. Murena lita, RICHARDSON, Voy. Erebus and Terror, 84, Moluccas. Murena siderea, RICHARDSON, Voy. Erebus and Terror, 85, pl. 48, f. 1-5, Australia. Murena pfeiffert, BLEEKER, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., v, 173, Celebes. Sidera pfeifferi, KAup, Apodes, 70. Page 401. After Murena argus insert: 660(a). MUREENA CLEPSYDRA, Gilbert, new species. Closely related to M. insularum and M. argus, from the tropical Pacific, differing from both in color. Nostrils tubular, of almost equal length. 2806 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Mouth closing completely, the teeth entirely concealed by the lips. Gape straight, horizontal, extending to well behind the eyes, 24 to 2% in head. Teeth in jaws large, compressed, and wide at base, tapering uniformly to an acute point, directed backward, close set, everywhere uniserial; those in sides of mandible noticeably smaller than those of upper jaw, the teeth in both jaws increasing in size anteriorly; as many as 18 or 20 teeth may be present in the half of either jaw, but many of them are usually wanting, leaving gaps in the series; a single row of small teeth on shaft of vomer, beginning opposite front of eye; head of vomer with 2 long canines, larger than any of the other teeth, one or both of these usually wanting in larger specimens, having apparently fallen out. Head 2 (1; to 2,5) in trunk; head and trunk 14 to 1+ in tail; depth at anus approximately 4 length of head; eye small, its diameter contained 12 to 16 times in head; snout 5 to5}4. Dorsal beginning on the head, its dis- tance from snout 14 to 14 in head. Color dark brown, lighter on belly, dull whitish on under side of head; head, body, and fins closely covered with white spots, those on posterior parts larger, with some smaller ones intermingled, the larger spots with a more or less evident central constric- tion which makes them hourglass-shaped; toward the head the spots become very small and crowded, not more than + as large as pupil; fins indistinctly light margined; a large elliptical jet-black blotch surrounds the gill slit, distinctly margined by a series of confluent white spots; the longitudinal diameter of the blotch is contained 5 to 54 times in the length of the head; angle of mouth with a small black blotch, often obscure, preceded by a pale spot on mandible; the throat is marked with a num- ber of parallel lengthwise folds, the bottom of each fold with a dark line. The following table gives measurements in millimeters of 5 specimens: pre Total Head and) 4 | a “ Depth at Tom fe hae Tail. | Head. | Gape. | Snout.| Eye. snout to length. trunk. | anus. origin of dorsal. = | 23 eee See : = 675 311 364 | 106 45 204 7 59 72 630 — 289 | 341 | 96 38 183 64 523 70 612 287 325 98 39 19 64 47 64 473 | 2038 270 66 28 13 53 40 50 397 177 220 | 58 21 11 43 27 39 This species is abundant at Panama, where it is frequently brought to market. About 25 specimens were seen during our visit, all essentially alike in coloration. The type is 397 millimeters long (see table of measure- ments), and has the spots on body less numerous than in larger specimens. (clepsydra, xAepvdpa, an hourglass, from its markings.) Murena clepsydra, GILBERT, Fishes of Panama. MS. 1898, Panama, Page 410. It is probable that several species are confounded under the name Llops saurus. According to Ogilby the Australian species has only 63 vertebrae. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2807 Page 411. 199. Genus ALBULA, Bloch & Schneider. The proper binomial authority for this generic name, as well as for the names Synodus, Umbra, and Anableps, is Scopoli, as Dr. Gill informs us. These pre-Linnan names, with others, were first used in binomial nomen- clature as names of genera by Scopoli, Introd. His. Nat. 1777, pp. 449 (Synodus) and 450 (Albula, Umbra, Anableps). The genera should then stand as follows: ; Page 411. 199. ALBULA (Gronow) Scopoli. Page 533. 248. SYNODUS (Gronow) Scopoli. Page 623. 298. UMBRA (Kriimer) Scopoli. Page 684. 312. ANABLEPS (Artedi) Scopoli. Page 414. To the description of Chanos chanos the following may be added: The skeletal peculiarities of Chanos are numerous and remarkable, many archaic characters persisting. The following account of the skele- ton has been prepared by Mr. Starks: SKELETON OF CHANOS CHANOS. a. Cranium: The frontals are very large, covering nearly the whole top of the head, and extending over the dorsoanterior part of the parietals, supraoccipi- tal and the parotic process. On the side of the skull there is an area bounded by the supraoccipital, the opisthotic and the sphenotic, which is not ossified, but is composed of cartilage. Between the frontals, at about their middle, there is a place in which the bone is fibrous and largely cartilaginous; it is easily broken through. The basal cavity under the brain cavity is large. On the upper part of the operculum is a large scale-like bone. The suborbitals are well developed and plate-like, extending back nearly to the posterior edge of the preopercle. b. Vertebral column: There are 42 vertebre in the spinal column. ‘The first vertebra is co- ossified to the skull, and apparently bears no ribs; the second vertebra supports a pair of very small, slender ribs, which articulate directly with the sides of the vertebra; the third vertebra supports the first pair of large ribs; they are articulated with the transverse processes. The first 14 or 15 neural spines and pairs of transverse processes are articulated with the vertebre by sutures; they are easily separated from the verte- bre by boiling or maceration. The vertebre gradually increase in size and reach their largest size about } of the distance from the anterior to the posterior end of the spinal column, where they are 3 or 4 times the size of the anterior ones. This character is more marked in the adult than in the young. 2808 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. ce. Shoulder girdle: The shoulder girdle is exceedingly well braced, the post-temporal is widely forked, and strongly articulated to the epiotic processes of the skull. The supraclavicle 1s long and slender, its posterior face is hol- lowed out and attached some distance from the upper end of the clavicle, which projects upward. This projecting upper end of the clavicle is braced to the skull by two long bones. The first bone is very slender, at its anterior end it is connected to the exoccipital; near its middle it is connected with the posterior end of the post-temporal, at which point it turns at a sharp angle and runs to the clavicle. The second bone is much larger; it is articulated to the basioccipital. Its posterior edge is nearly straight for its whole length, but its anterior edge is produced and much swollen near its middle, and joins the post-temporal over the first bone, then runs to the upper end of the clavicle. ‘The inner part of the clavicle and the coracoid are thin and pierced by many holes, so that the bone in places is little more than network. The hypercoracoid has a very large foramen; at its posterior edge is a projection which supports a thin bone, probably adermal bone. The mesocoracoid is well developed. There are 4 actinosts; the first is long, but they rapidly decrease in size to the fourth, which is short and triangular. The first ray of the pectoral is large at the basal end, and hollowed out; it works directly on the hyper- coracoid. d. Branchial apparatus: The branchial apparatus is peculiar in the adult, in having gill rakers somewhat resembling the filaments of a feather, on both sides of each arch and on the basibranchial. They meet in a middle line between the arches and unite, forming a continuous lattice-work screen, through which nothing but the very smallest bodies can pass. The pharyngeals have no teeth, but have gill rakers similar to those on the arches; they are inclosed in sac-like projections on each side. This description is taken from the skeleton of a large specimen 4 feet long. The gill rakers are not united in young individuals. - e. Other parts: The septie between the myotomes are ossified about + an inch under the skin, forming long, slender rays of bone. There is an upper series running from the middle of the sides up on the back, and a lower series from the sides down on the belly, and form a sort of a basket around the the body. Those below have a single branch near the middle of each, the ones above have 2 branches each; these branches are lost toward the pos- teriorend. These bones are not present in the young. The large caudal fin is attached very firmly to the hypural, the long rays of each lobe join the hypural at about the same oblique angle, the base of each ray is deeply divided and articulated immovably with the hypural. The middle short rays are all nearly horizontal and are much less firmly fastened. The first interspinal ray of the anal is hollow and cone-shaped, the pos- terior end of the air bladder runs into it asin the genera Lucinostomus and Calamus. The scales are very thick and closely imbricated; the skin anteriorly is} inch thick. (Jordan, Fishes of Sinaloa, 404-409.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2809 Page 417. After Dorosoma petenense add: 202(a). SIGNALOSA, Evermann & Kendall. Signalosa, EVERMANN & KENDALL, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Feb. 9, 1898), 127 (atcha- falaye). Body short, deep, and compressed, the form somewhat elliptical; ventral outline more strongly curved than the dorsal; head rather large, snout sharp and pointed, not tumid ; mouth small, oblique, the lower jaw scarcely included; maxillary of 3 pieces, broad and curved, but without notch in the outer margin as in Dorosoma; caudal peduncle short and deep. Bran- chiostegals 5; pseudobranchie large; gill rakers short and very numerous, about 340 in number. No teeth; adipose eyelid present; stomach gizzard- like; scutes about17+10. Last ray of dorsal very long and filamentous. This genus is allied to Dorosoma, from which itis plainly distinguished by the absence of the notch in the maxillary, the more pointed snout, the less-included lower jaw, the shorter anal fin, larger scales, and the fewer scutes. It differs from Alosa in the very numerous gill rakers, the character of the dorsal! fin, and in other respects. (signum, a flagstaff or pole; Alosa, the shad; a reference to the long dorsal ray.) 679(a). SIGNALOSA ATCHAFALAYE, Evermann & Kendall. Head 32; depth 3+; eye 34 in head; snout 5}; maxillary 3!. D.I, 12; A. I, 24; scales42-15; scutes 17+ 10. Body oblong-elliptical, compressed, the back in front of dorsal narrow; ventral edge sharp, serrate; head small, mouth terminal, oblique, lower jaw slightly included; snout rather pointed, not blunt, as in Dorosoma cepedianum; maxillary in 3 pieces, long and curved, reaching vertical at front of pupil, the outer edge not notched ; no teeth. Caudal peduncle short, compressed, and deep. Origin of dorsal fin over base of ventrals, much nearer tip of snout than base of candal, the last ray filamentous, about + longer than head and nearly reaching base of caudal; the first dorsal ray about 2 in the last one; pectoral 14 in head, reaching base of ventrals; ventrals short, reaching only halfway to vent, their length 14 in pectorals; anal rays short, base of fin 1} in head; scutes moderate; caudal widely forked, the lower lobe the longer; scales large, thin, deciduous, somewhat crowded anteriorly; accessory scales at bases of pectorals and ventrals; base of caudal with small scales. Color bluish black or dark olivaceous on back and sides to level of the jet-black humeral spot: rest of sides and under parts bright silvery ; dorsal and caudal dusky; other fins plain. The cotypes from Grand Plains Bayou are 2 females with ripe roe. They are 44 and 535 inches long, respectively, and differ from the types only in the deeper body and the much darker coloration of the upper parts. 3030: 99 2810 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. The amount of variation in this species, shown by the material at hand, is exhibited in the following table: No.|Head.|Depth.| Eye.| Snout.| Max. | Dorsal. | Anal.| Scutes. | Scales. Locality. Ew 2 hes PP, NF aN a OS Sin eee as 1| 43 3 | 33 51 | 34] 1,12) 1,24|16411]| 40-15 |\Grand Plains a ea 25 | 33| 54| 3i| 112] 124] 16411) 42-15 |f Bayon, Miss. a area 3 | 3% bh | 6 638| 2,12 | 1,24] 16410] 42-14 Adie 31 | 3h 54 | 32| 41,12| 1,24] 17+10| 42-15 |$Melville, La. 5 32 3 | 4 5 32 I,12 | I, 24 | 16++11 43-15 6| 33 3 | 33} 54] 3 | 1,12|1,24| 16410] 41-15 |\Grand Plains 7 34 iy ers 5 3k 1,12 | 1,44 |17+ 9 41-15 |f Bayou, Miss. 8 34 3 | 34 5 3 I,12 | 1,24} 17+ 9] 41-15 |\Black Bayou, 9 34 23; 3 51 3 I,12 | 1,24} 17+ 9] 40-15 \ Miss. | | } This species appears to be rather common in the larger lowland streams and bayous of Louisiana and Mississippi. It probably does not reach a large size, adult examples being less than 6 inches long. It is not used as food, but is of considerable value as bait in the catfish fishery of the Atchafalaya River and its connecting lakes and bayous. Length 4 to 6 inches. (atchafalayw, from the type locality.) Signalosa atchafalaye, EVERMANN & KENDALL, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Feb. 9, 1898), 127, pl. 7, fig. 4, Atchafalaya River, Melville, Louisiana. (Type, No. 48790. Coll. Fred M. Chamberlain.) Page 425. The statement that Pomolobus mediocris does not ascend rivers to spawn is not correct. This species is known to ascend the St. Johns River, Florida, at Jeast as far as Lake Monrve, during the winter. They usually run somewhat earlier than the shad. Page 427. After Alosa, Cuvier, add: a. Gill rakers numerous, 93 to 120; upper jaw with sharp, deep notch at tip; lower jaw not projecting. SAPIDISSIMA, 693. aa. Gill rakers fewer than 76; notch in upper jaw smaller; lower jaw more strongly projecting. ALABAMZ, 693(a). Page 428. After synonymy of Alosa sapidissima add: 693/a). ALOSA ALABAME, Jordan & Evermann. (ALABAMA SHAD; GULF SHAD.) Head 42; depth 3; snout4}; eye 4}; maxillary 24. D.15; A. 20; scales 55, —16 in a crosswise series; scutes 21+ 15; vertebr 54; gill rakers 56 to 68. Body deep; back gently and evenly arched from tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin, thence descending in a regular curve to base of caudal fin; ventral outline nearly straight from tip of mandible to ven- trals, and also from there to base of caudal. Head small, snout pointed; upper lip with a small notch, into which fits the tip of the slightly pro- jecting lower jaw; maxillary narrow; cheek much deeper than long; teeth on tongue and maxillary scarcely perceptible. Origin of dorsal nearer snout than base of caudal, the fin low, the longest ray shorter than the base, or about equal to snout and eye; base of anal somewhat greater Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2811 than that of dorsal, or equal to length of pectoral. Gill rakers 68, the longest about equal to length of snout. Peritoneum pale. Color as in Alosa sapidissima; the caudal, dorsal, and pectoral fins rather darker tipped. The male differs from the female only in being somewhat more slender. This species differs from Alosa sapidissima chietly in the fewer gill rakers, its sharper, more pointed snout, smaller notch in upper jaw, more projecting mandible, and more slender maxillary. It seems to reach maturity at a much smaller size than the common shad. Streams tribu- tary to the Gulf of Mexico; known from Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and Pen- sacola, Florida. Alosa alabama, JORDAN & EVERMANN, in EVERMANN, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1895 (Dec. 28, 1896), 203, Black Warrior River, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (Type, Nos. 47689 and 47690. Coll. J. H. Fitts); EVERMANN & KENDALL, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897, 127, pl. 7, figs. 5 and 6. According to Ogilby, Kowala is a genus distinct from Sardinella. Page 436. JIlisha panamensis is not separable from J. furthi. The lat- ter naine has priority. Page 437. Opisthopterus lutipinnis is very abundant on the outer sand beaches about Mazatlan. Page 445. Species 728, Stolephorus poeyi, is a species of Lycengraulis, and should stand as— 743(a). LYCENGRAULIS POEYI (Kner & Steindachner). Numerous specimens lately taken by Dr. Gilbert at Panama. A large species used as food. The teeth are unequal in Lycengraulis, but none of them can be properly described as canine-like. Page 447. After Stolephorus lucidus add: 732(a). STOLEPHORUS RASTRALIS, Gilbert & Pierson, new species. Head 3.16 (3.1 to 3.3); depth 3.8 (3.5 to 4.2); eye 3.4 in head (3.33 to 4). D. 14 (12 to 15); A. 26 to 32. Body much compressed and deep; belly sharply keeled in front of ventrals; dorsal outline much less curved than ventral, the lower profile rising very rapidly from a point opposite middle of pectorals to tip of snout, in shape of head thus closely resembling the species of Celengraulis. Maxillary reaching almost but not quite to gill opening; snout high, compressed, its length } to } diameter of eye. Gill rakers averaging in larger examples 51-+ 64, in smaller specimens 44-+-50; the largest about as long as eye. Insertion of dorsal fin variable, but never posterior to a point midway between base of caudal and middle of eye; pectoral fins reaching to or nearly to insertion of ventrals, the latter not to vent. Color olivaceous, the lower part of side with violet reflec- tions; sides of head silvery; a conspicuous silvery lateral band varying in width from about 14 times length of orbit in the largest examples to less than 4 orbit in the smaller specimens; the band is widest before dorsal, tapering to 4 or less than } its greatest width on caudal peduncle, where it frequently disappears in the young. In larger specimens the ventral edge of this band is frequently ill-defined anteriorly; top of head with 2812 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. widely spaced black specks; a dark vertebral streak, more or less of it often consisting of 2 narrow lines; tips of caudal lobes often blackish; fins otherwise unmarked. This species differs from closely allied species in the following characters: From Stolephorus lucidus, in the much longer head, more compressed body, well-defined lateral stripe, and smaller eye; from S. compressus, in the longer head and wider lateral band; from S. pan- amensis and S. mundeolus, in the much more numerous gill rakers, and the more anterior position of the dorsal relative to the anal, the origin of the anal being under the middle of the dorsal, while in S. panamensis the origins of the two fins lie in the same vertical. Length 2 to 3 inches. Panama. Manyspecimens. (Gilbert & Pierson.) (rastrum, a rake, from the long gill rakers.) Stolephorus rastralis, GILBERT & PIERSON, Fishes of Panama, MS. 1898, Panama. 732(b). STOLEPHORUS MUNDEOLUS, Gilbert & Pierson, new species. Head 4.15 (4 to 4.25); depth 3.77 (3.40 to 4.25); eye 3.44 in head (3.12 to 3.70). D. 13 or 14; A.33 (33 to 35); seales 36 (35 to 39). Dorsal and ven- tral contours about equally and gradually rounded from the middle region of body to the tip of snout and base of caudal fin, Snout short, high, compressed, blunt at tip, its length 1.8 in eye. Eye very large. Maxil- lary broad, tapering to 1 sharp point, which reaches margin of gill open- ing. Gill rakers 17 to 22+ 21 to 24; the longest 1.5 to 2in eye. Anterior insertion of dorsal fin varying from a point midway between base of caudal and middle of eye, to a point midway between the caudal and tip of snout. In 10 examples its insertion is before that of the anal. Anal fin long, averaging 33 rays, its origin beneath the anterior third of the dorsal; length of base shorter than in S. panamensis, being 3.04 in length, while in the latter its length is contained 2.5 in length. Pectoral long, reaching well beyond the insertion of the ventrals, equaling length of head behind front of pupil; a large axillary scale; ventrals scarcely reaching vent. Uniform light olive, with silvery reflections; a faint, narrow, silvery-gray lateral stripe, sometimes scarcely distinguishable; sides of head plain silvery; upper margin of orbital rim black; dorsal region blackish; a faint, narrow dark line on each side of the light mid- dorsal streak; caudal slightly dusky; fins otherwise unmarked. This species is closely allied to Stolephorus panamensis and S. compressus, but may be distinguished from the former by its longer head, larger eye, greater depth, fewer scales along the lateral line, and its much shorter anal base; also by the much fainter lateral silvery stripe. The eye is contained 14 to 16 times in length, excluding the caudal, while in S. panamensis the length contains the eye 16 to 20 times. From S. compressus it differs in the relative length of the head and maxillary. In S. mundeolus the maxillary is contained in the head 1.27 times (1.19 to 1.37); in com- pressus 1.48 times (1.30 to 1.81). In mundeolus the head is contained 4.15 times in the length; in compressus 4.44 times. Length 4 to 64 inches. Panama; many specimens. (Gilbert.) (mundeolus, somewhat shining, from mundus, neat or clean.) Stolephorus mundeolus, GILBERT & PieRsON, Fishes of Panama, MS. 1898, Panama. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2813 732(c). STOLEPHORUS NASO, Gilbert & Pierson, new species. Head 3.3 to 3.5; depth 4.7 to 5.8; eye 44 to 5in head. D. 14 or 15; A. 22 to 24; lateral line about 35 (?). Dorsal and ventral outlines weakly arched; body slender, its greatest depth 1.5 in head, compressed; belly carinated in front of ventrals, and sometimes behind them in larger speci- mens. Head long and slender, its greatest width 1.5 to 1.7 in its length, the lower profile much more oblique than the upper. Snout long, com- pressed, bluntly rounded, its length exceeding the small eye. Cheek with a very acute posterior angle. Opercle narrow, oblique. Maxillary rather bluntly pointed, failing to reach gill opening by about } diameter of pupil. Teeth on the maxillary quite prominent and directed forward. Gill rakers short, 17 + 20 in number; the longest1.5 ineye. Scales large, thin, deciduous, only a few scattering ones remaining in ourspecimens. Dorsal fin inserted midway between front or middle of orbit and base of median caudal rays. Origin of anal under or slightly behind middle of dorsal; length of anal base about equal to the distance from front of orbit to base of ventral fin; pectorals not reaching ventrals, their length about 4 length of head. Length of ventrals equaling or slightly exceeding distance from tip of snout to middle of pupil. Color light olive, with the usual bright reflections; a large dark patch of brown dots on occiput; a double series of dots along median line posterior to dorsal, this absent in some speci- mens; large specimens with a bright, well-defined silvery streak, slightly narrowing anteriorly and on caudal peduncle, its greatest width about equaling diameter of eye; in the young, this band is fainter and narrower; a conspicuous series of black dots at base of anal. Characterized by the slender form, well-defined silvery streak, sharply carinated breast, the small eye, and the very long, compressed, deep, and rather bluntly rounded snout. Most closely resembling S. sfarksi, from which it differs in the smaller eye, longer snout, and slightly longer anal. Length 2 to 2+inches. Panama; common. (Gilbert & Pierson.) (naso, long-nosed.) Stolephorus naso, GILBERT & PIERSON, Fishes of Panama, MS. 1898, Panama. 782(d). STOLEPHORUS STARKSI, Gilbert & Pierson, new species. Head. 3.3 to 3.6; depth 4.8 to 5.5 in length, 14 in head; eye 3 to 3.5 in head. D.15 or 16; A. 17 to 22; scales about 41. Body long and slender, slightly deeper and more compressed than in 8S. ischanus, which much resembles this species. Dorsal outline very little arched; ventral outline nearly straight from gill opening to insertion of anal fin, the lower profile of head oblique, nearly straight. Belly compressed, keeled for anterior 3 of distance anterior to base of ventrals. Head long and pointed, its width 14 times in its length; maxillary abruptly widened at the mandib- ular joint, tapering posteriorly to a blunt point, which reaches almost to the gill opening, its length equal to length of base of anal; snout long, sharp, and projecting, abruptly compressed in its terminal portion as seen from above, its length } diameter of orbit, or slightly more. Branchios- tegal membranes united at base for a very short distance. In 4 exam 2814 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, ples examined as to this point, the gill rakers are as follows: 20+ 25, 23 + 24, 21 + 23, 19 4+ 30, the longest contained 1} to 1} in eye. Scales large, thin, and deciduous, a few only remaining on the specimens at hand. Origin of the dorsal fin equally distant from the base of the caudal fin and tip of snout or front of eye. Anal inserted under beginning of poste- rior third of base of dorsal; pectorals not reaching ventrals, the latter ? distance to front of anal. Color light olive, with broad, well-defined lat- eral silvery streak of nearly uniform width, usually narrowing anteriorly and on middle of caudal peduncle, its width in our largest specimen = diameter of eye; the silvery streak has a slight golden tinge; a narrow dark vertebral line, which widens on the nape; occiput blackish. Ver- tebre 40, counted in 1 example only. This species differs from Stoleph- orus cultratus in its slenderer body, shorter snout, wider opercle and smaller teeth; the belly is also not sharply carinate, the dorsal is more anteriorly placed, the ventrals are farther back, and the silvery streak is wider anteriorly. It differs from S. delicatissimus in its longer, slenderer head and body, smaller eye, longer, sharper snout, and much wider, bet- ter-defined silvery streak. Length 14 to 2} inches. Panama; common. (Gilbert & Pierson.) (Named for Edwin Chapin Starks. ) Stolephorus starksi, GILBERT & PIERSON, Fishes of Panama, MS, 1898, Panama. Page 448. After Stolephorus spinifer add: 737(a). STOLEPHORUS SCOFIELDI, Jordan & Culver. Head 3% to 3,3;in length to base of candal; depth 44 to 5; eye 3% to 4 in head. D. 12; A. 25 or 26; scales 41 or 42. Body somewhat compressed and elevated, the belly not carinated nor serrated. Teeth in both jaws, and on palatines, a few on vomer; maxillary covered with teeth its entire length and reaching beyond base of mandible, but not to opercular mar- gin. Gill rakers 10+ 12, the longest a little more than } the eye. Origin of dorsal midway between base of median caudal rays and center of eye; anal not quite as long as head, its origin below the middle of dorsal; lower caudal lobe longer than upper; longest ray equaling length of the head; shortest caudal ray 24 in longest. Pectorals not reaching ventrals, 12inhead. Both anal and dorsal fins preceded by a rudimentary spine, not 1 length of first true ray. Color translucent, with a distinct broad silvery stripe as wide as the eye, growing more diffuse at lower anterior edge, narrowing on caudal peduncle, and becoming fan-shaped on the base of caudal; tip of snout black; a distinct median band of black specks extending from tip of snout to base of caudal; no distinet black mark- ings on fins. Close to Slolephorus delicatissimus, but with larger head, wider lateral band, and greater number of dorsal and anal rays. Length 3 inches. Found in the Astillero at Mazatlan; not very abundant. (Named for Mr. Norman Bishop Scofield, 1 member of the Hopkins expedition to Sinaloa.) Stolephorus scofieldi, JORDAN & CULVER, Fishes of Sinaloa, 410, 1895, Mazatlan, Mexico- (Type, No. 2941, L. 8. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Hopkins Exped. .o Sinaloa.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2815 737(b). STOLEPHORUS ASTILBE, Jordan & Rutter. Head 44 in length; depth 4} to 5. D. 12; A. 19 to 22; eye 3} in head; pectoral 14; base of anal 1}. Body rather elongate, not greatly com- pressed; edge of belly moderately sharp; head sharp; snout projecting beyond lower jaw, shorter than diameter of eye; tip of lower jaw reach- ing a little past anterior edge of orbit; maxillary reaching gill opening, its end tapering to a sharp point; eye longer than snout, nearly 2 in post- orbital part of head; gill rakers % eye; a slight keel on top of head. Origin of dorsal midway between base of caudal and eye; scales caducous. Translucent, head silvery; sides without lateral: band; a dark spot on top of head; back with black points. This species is similar to Stolephorus brownii, but more slender, head shorter, and lateral silvery stripe want- ing. Length 3 inches. Jamaica. Numerous specimens obtained. (a, not; 677A (7, shining. ) Stolephorus astilbe, JORDAN & RUTTER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1897, 95, Jamaica. (Type, No. 4854, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Joseph Seed Roberts.) 737(c). STOLEPHORUS ROBERTSI, Jordan & Rutter. Head 3 in length; depth 4. D. 14; A. 23; scales about 35; eye 4 in head; pectoral 24; base of anal 1}; caudal 14. Body deep, strongly com- pressed, abdomen compressed to an edge, head large, compressed, the snout rather sharp, projecting beyond lower jaw, a little shorter than eye; cheek triangular; opercle large; distance from lower angle of cheek to edge of opercle equal to distance from same point to posterior edge of eye; maxillary short, not reaching root of mandible, its end rounded; lower jaw not reaching beyond anterior edge of orbit; gill rakers longer than eye, as longas orbit. Origin of dorsal midway between base of caudal and front of eye; scales caducons. Color translucent; head silvery, punctu- late above; a silvery lateral band nearly as broad as eye; caudal with dark points, other fins colorless. This species seems to be related to Stolephorus opercularis, but the lateral band is distinet and the opercle is shorter. Jamaica; only the type, 2 inches long, known. (Named for Rev. Joseph Seed Roberts, of Kingston, Jamaica, who collected the type specimen. ) Stolephorus robertsi, JORDAN & RuTTeR, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1897, 95, Jamaica. (Type, No. 4853, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus.) Page 449. Anchovia can not be maintained as a distinct genus. The name must be placed as a synonym of Stolephorus. Page 450. Add: 741(a). CETENGRAULIS ENGYMEN, Gilbert & Pierson, new species. Head 3 to 3.3; depth 4 to4.9; eye 4 in head. D. 14 or 15; A. 20 to 23; B. 7 (9); vertebre 41. Body compressed, fusiform, not so deep as in C. mysticetus or C. edentulus. The dorsal and ventral outlines being about equally and regularly curved in the larger specimens; in the smaller speci- mens the ventral contour is more nearly straight. Belly trenchant, but ~ 2816 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. not carinate nor serrate; caudal peduncle moderate, its depth being con- tained 1.5 times in its length. Head similar to C. mysticetus; the snout longer, contained 5.5 to 7 times in head, 14 times in eye (the snout contained 8 to 9 times in head in C. mysticetus). Both jaws bear minute teeth, those on the maxillary largest. Branchiostegal membranes united for only $ to #of the distance between tip of mandible and mandibular articulation, wholly free from the isthmus. Tip of mandible directly beneath the anterior border of orbit. Gill rakers long, ;°; diameter of eye, 20 to 30 on the upper limb, 25 to 30 on the lower limb; in 5 examples as follows: 25 + 30, 27 + 25, 30 + 26, (23 + 29 to 20 + 25), 25-++30. The origin of the dorsal is midway between base of median candal rays and a point varying between front and middle of the eye. Insertion of anal below the poste- rior fourth or third of the dorsal, its length equaling the distance from the posterior border of the eye to insertion of pectoral. The pectoral is short, 24 to 24 in head, failing to reach the insertion of the ventrals by 4 or nearly + its length. Caudal deeply forked, its median rays 2} to 3 times in head. Color uniformly silvery with a distinct, well-defined lateral sil- very band extending from upper angle of gill opening to base of caudal, its greatest width equaling the diameter of orbit, becoming narrower on caudal peduncle. This species differs from C. myslicetus in the much nar- rower union of the gill membranes, the less numerous gill rakers, and in the longer snout. Length 14 to 2} inches. Panama Bay. Not rare. (Gilbert & Pierson.) (éyyuvs, near; 6/7”, membrane. ) Page 451. Lycengraulis has the teeth large and somewhat unequal, but none of them is properly described as “ canine-like.” Page 459. Add: 229(a). ERICARA, Gill & Townsend. Ericara, GILL and TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 232 (salmonea). Alepocephalids with small, perfectly smooth, imbricated cycloid scales, wide cranium, projecting snout, deeply cleft mouth, uniserial and acrodont teeth on vomer and anterior portion of palatines, and dorsal and anal of normal extent and opposite each other. Bering Sea. (éz, an intensive particle; xapa, head.) 753(a). ERICARA SALMONEA, Gill & Townsend. D.17; A. 24. Maxillary extending to vertical of posterior border of orbit; head large; length 84}; depth 5; width 43. Bering Sea; only the type known, a large example in good condition. Ericara salmonea, GILL & TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 232, Bering Sea, southwest of Pribilof Islands, at Albatross Station 3603, in 1,771 fathoms. (Type, No. 48769, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) Page 465. Dr. G. A. Boulenger has kindly sent us the following note regarding the types of Coregonus richardsonii which are in the British Museum: I have examined the types (dry) of Coregonus richardsonii. There are about 20 gill rakers on the lower part of the anterior arch, the longest 4 the diameter of the eye. The maxillary extends to below anterior border of eye, and its length is 4 times in length of Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2817 head as stated by Giinther, therefore a little shorter than in C. clupeiformis. Tongue with 4 series of teeth, as in C. labradoricus. It seems to agree best with C. nelsoni (description), but has fewer scales in lateral line. In short, I can not identify C. richard- sonti with any of the forms known to me. Page 471. After Argyrosomus lauretie add: 768(a). ARGYROSOMUS ALASCANUS, Scofield, new species. Head 44; depth about 4. D. 12; A. 12; scales 10-85-9. Eye a little shorter than snout, 5 in head, 14 in interorbital space. Head wedge- shaped, the upper and lower ‘profiles straight and meeting with a sharp angle at the snout. Viewed from above the snout is blunt, almost square, with the narrow, pale rounded tip of the lower jaw slightly projecting. Mouth oblique; the distance from tip of snout to tip of maxillary is equal to the distance from tip of snout to center of pupil; the maxillary from its anterior articulation is contained 3} in the head, its width 3 in its length, its upper anterior edge closing under the preorbital; mandible 24 in head, its articulation with the quadrate bone beneath the posterior edge of the eye; width of supplemental bone a little more than $ width of max- illary. Preorbital broad, its greatest width equaling 2 its length or diam- eter of pupil; width of supraorbital equals 7 its length. Gill rakers 12 to 14 + 21 to 23, long and slender, the longest 3 diameter of the eye. The tongue, yomer, and palatines without teeth. Distance from tip of snout to nape equaling + the distance from nape to the front of the dorsal or 3 length of head. Adipose fin large; ventral scale 4 length of fin; longest dorsal ray 14 in head; longest anal ray 2 in head; the pectorals reach more than } to the ventrals; the ventrals reach } to vent; the caudal is forked for a little more than } its length. Color dusky above, silvery beneath; the dorsal, adipose fin, tips of caudal rays and upper side of anterior pectoral rays dusky; the rest pale. This species appears nearest related to Argyrosomus artedi, from which it differs chiefly in the number of gillrakers.* Length about afoot. Northern Alaska near Bering Straits; 3 specimens known, 1 from salt water at Point Hope, the others from fresh water at Grantley Harbor. Argyrosomus alascanus, SCOFIELD, in JORDAN, Rept. U. S. Fur Seal Investigations, 1898, Point Hope and Grantley Harbor, Alaska. (Coll. Scofield & Seale.) Page 482. Beginning with line 10 from the bottom, the statement that the small form of the redfish has been traced from the mouth of the Columbia to Wallowa Lake is not true. The remark was meant to apply to the large form. The question as to whether the small form descends to the sea is still unsettled. * The fin formule, etc., of these 3 specimens are as follows: Locality. | Length. | Gill rakers. Dorsal. | Anal. Scales. ele | | Grantley Harbor.-..-...-.... 84 in. 144.23 | 14+ 22 12 | 14 | 88 01 ee ee en ee pape 14+4 22] 12+ 22 12 | 12 87 Point Hope, Alaska........ 11-in. | 13-21. |—=12-¢ oF 12 | 12 2818 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Page 492: 779. SALMO MYKISS, Walbaum. (MyYKIss; SOMKA; KAMCHATKA SALMON TROUT.) By an unfortunate error the writers have heretofore used the name Salmo mykiss for the Cutthroat Trout of the Northwest. It was known that the Cutthroat is the only true or black-spotted trout in Alaska, and it was assumed that its range extended along the coast to all streams in Bering Sea. But our recent explorations have shown that it probably does not occur in Bering Sea, nor is there any undoubted record to the north of Wrangell. If it reaches Kadiak or Sitka or Prince William Sound, it is only rarely, and the streams of the Aleutian Islands and the east coast of Bering Sea contain no species of Salmo. The name Salmo mykiss must, therefore, be restricted to the Kamchatkan species, while the species of the American rivers heretofore called Salmo mykiss must stand as Salmo clarkii. We have, therefore, studied with great interest a speci- men of the genuine Salmo mykiss, the first on record since the times of Pal- las, Krasheninnikof, and Steller. The specimen, an adult male, 960 mm. long, was taken by Dr. Leonhard Stejneger, September 15, 1897, in the Ka- lakhtyrka River, near Petropaulski, Kamchatka. It was called ‘‘Sonka” or ‘‘Somka” by the natives. It is said to occur rarely and to be found in but few rivers, the Kalakhtyrka among them. It is considered to be superior as food to other Salmonida, except the King Salmon (0. tschaw- ytscha). Head 4 in length; depth 44. D. 11. A. 10 (developed rays) ; scales 125-24. Mouth large, the maxillary 14 in head, being somewhat produced at tip; vomerine teeth few, evidently deciduous, only 3 being present. Eye 8} in head; snout 23. Pectoral 2 in head, longest anal ray 22. Anal fin high and somewhat faleate; ventrals inserted under ante- rior third of dorsal, reaching about halfway to vent; adipose fin over posterior end of anal; caudal lunate. Color dark grayish above, sides silvery; a few small, faint, round black spots on back and on top of head, these sparse and obscure; a few faint spots on base of dorsal, and some on adipose dorsal; spots on caudal small, but distinct, especially in middle of fin; no trace of red at throat, in example preserved in formalin, and doubtless none in life. The specimen is now a half skin, in good condition. The following measurements were taken from the fresh specimen by Dr. Stejneger: Millimeters. Total length - 2022 [05-5 coset eons mee case concen teenies See eee en 960 Total length without caudal 2-- -. 225220) -% 22 200 - oeisle seeeeee to eee 853 Head «2 2.0 kids ocsce se soe dcte cae tm cle oes sielolie nisi Sia ai 6 5'= ae elope ee oa 215 Tip of nose to anterior end of dorsal’ —-- <2 -/- .. -- -sceese een c2 -e-e ~~ = 74 ee ee eee 400 Length of base of dorsal . <= - <2. - ob.2. 05 senna ameseeseeeaee nese =p ee 100 Posterior end of dorsal to anterior end of adipose fin........-..----.---------------- 167 Length of base of adipose fin =. <2... Fe no. n- = cncceensmepies = aos e== See 17 Posterior/end of adipose to candal .-....5.< ce. sacn cnc etowascecciee ssh =n eee fee 81 Posterior,end of anal'to caudal... 6.0.0. 55. Scenic cS nek cweae am een aaa naa te eee 81 Length of base of anal... - s< cjs5e0ccceec scans een bere d ce ones see eee eee val Anterior end of anal to posterior end of ventral. --...-.-..-..-.--.-.ccencuesesseeee 165 Heightiof body in front:of dorsal: -- 222-25 2s--5.--sadecbpeees opsccen tee 195 Height of body at posterior end of adipose and anal fins .....-.....-...- escentsenoce JOD Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2819 Millimeters. Height of body at beginning of caudal .............----- 2-220. +--+ 22-2 eee ee en een ee 77 Ventrals under anterior third of dorsal; adipose fin over posterior end of anal; ven- trals reach about 4 distance to vent; 24 scales in transverse series from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 125 scales in lateral line. Color silvery gray on back, black spots obsolete. This species is evidently a close ally of the Atlantic salmon, belonging to the restricted subgenus Salmo. From Salmo salar it differs in the slightly larger mouth and rather different coloration and in very little else. Mykiss, PENNANT, Arctie Zool., Intro., 126,i792, Kamchatka; after KRASHENINNIKOF, etc. Salmo mykiss, WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 59, 1792, Kamchatka; based on Mykiss of PENNANT. ‘ Salmo penshinensis, PALLAS, Zool. Rosso—A siat., 11, 1811, Gulf of Penshin. Salmo purpuratus, PALLAS, Zool. Rosso—Asiat., lf, 374, 1811, Bering Sea. The correct names of the American Cutthroat Trout and its numerous known varieties are the following: 780. SALMO CLARKII (Richardson). 780(a). SALMO CLARKIT LEWISI (Girard). 780(b). SALMO CLARKITL GIBBSIL (Suckley). 780 (c). SALMO CLARKIL HENSHAWI (Gill & Jordan). 780(d). SALMO CLARKIT VIRGINALIS (Girard). 780 (e). SALMO CLARKIT SPILURUS (Cope). 780(f). SALMO CLARKIT PLEURITICUS (Cope). 780(g). SALMO CLARKIL BOUVIERI (Bendire). 780(h). SALMO CLARKIL STOMIAS (Cope). 780 (i). SALMO CLARKIL MACDONALDI, Jordan & Evermann. Page 500. Before Salmo irideus insert the following: 781(b). SALMO GATRDNERI BEARDSLEEI, Jordan & Seale. (BLUEBACK TROUT OF LAKE CRESCENT.) Head 3! in length to base of candal; depth about 4; eye 4° in head, 12 in snout; scales 24-130-20, 130 cross series, those in front of dorsal numer- ous, about 70 if counted along median line, 60 if the rows along upper side are counted; dorsal with 10 branched rays; anal with 11 branched rays; branchiostegals 11; gill rakers 8+ 13, rather long and slender, the longest nearly §; in length, 7 to 9 in maxillary. Head pointed; mouth rather large; maxillary extending to hinder margin of eye, 14 in head, with about 20 teeth; snout 3! in head; preorbital very narrow, the maxil- lary almost touching the orbit; posterior suborbitals shorter than eye, about 6 in head; opercle not very broad, equal to eye, its free part 4% in head; interorbital width 3? in head, equal to snout; several large teeth along margin of tongue; no hyoid teeth; teeth on vomer in zigzag series. Origin of dorsal in middle of the length, margin slightly concave, the first ray 12% times the last, the last ray being pointed, slightly greater than base, 2); in head. Origin of anal midway between origin of dorsal and base of caudal, margin straight, the tip of the last ray slightly exserted ; anterior rays 3} times posterior, and equal to base of fin, 24 in head. Adi- 2820 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. pose fin high and slender, situated above or anterior to end of anal. Pectorals 1} in head; ventrals under middle of dorsal, 24 in head. Caudal broad, nearly truncate, the middle portions abruptly lunate when spread open, with pointed angles, each lobe being somewhat convex on its edge; longest rays 14 in head. Least depth of caudal peduncle 23 in head. Pyloric ceca 50 to 60, short and thick, the longest about 3 in head. Color in spirits very dark blue above, sides abruptly brighter, with many scales abruptly silvery; below white, lower jaw white, its margin dusky; cheeks below suborbitals very dark; sides, top of head, dorsal, and candal fins spotted, the spots all very small; pectorals and ventrals nearly color- less, without spots, and slightly dusky; adipose fin with 2 spots; tips of lower fins faintly tinged with yellowish. Two specimens, each 16 inches long, Nos. 1861 and 1862, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. They were taken on March 12 and 16, 1896, in Lake Crescent, by Mrs. George E. Mitchell, of Fairholme, and sent to us by Mr. M. J. Carrigan, of Port Angeles. A third specimen shows the following characters: Head 33; depth 3%. D. 12; A. 12 branched rays; branchiostegals 11 or 12; scales 23-123-26, 64 before dorsal; snout 22; eye 73; maxillary 1} in head, its depth 8 in its length. Body robust, little compressed; head large; maxillary moderate, extending beyond eye; opercle moderate, its width 5} in head, Last ray of dorsal pointed. Caudal subtruncate, lunate mesially, each lobe some- what convex, pointed at tip. Caudal peduncle short and thick. Series of vomerine teeth long, in double row. Color above dark green, with black spots, which are small and sparse on body, extending to below lat- eral line; many small spots on head, dorsal, and caudal; spots not more numerous behind than before; sides and belly bright silvery; no red on lower jaw; a faint pink shade along lateral line; pectorals colorless except the upper ray; ventrals and anal colorless; flesh pale; gill rakers removed. This specimen, male, was taken in Lake Crescent. Length 264 inches; weight in life 14 pounds. This specimen differs from a large gairdneri most in the large scales. In addition the head is much larger, and the body deeper. A fourth, still larger, specimen (No. 1865, L. S. Jr. Univ.), an old spent male, 27 inches long, has been still later received. It shows the following characters: D.11; A. 12. Head 3?in length; gillrakers 8 +12, of medium size, rather broad but sharp pointed; opercle 34 in head; eye 7 in head; branchiostegals 11; maxillary long, reaching beyond eye, 1} in head, its width 9} in length. A double row of sharp teeth extending to within a short distance of end, where they are replaced by a single row of slightly larger teeth; teeth on tongue rather large; no teeth on hyoid; teeth on vomer in zigzag series. Scales 137-26. This specimen, a spent male, has the flabby muscles and slimy, half-concealed scales of the spent male sal- mon. The dark dots are very numerous and small and show very dis- tinetly on back and sides, as also on head and fins; there is a dull red lateral band on head and body—this is about an inch broad, its outlines diffuse; a black blotch on cheek; maxillary dusky with a red blotch toward its tip; lower jaw and branchiostegals dusky; pectoral, ventral, and anal dark; back dark green, belly dusky. The following account of the life coloration of Salmo beardsleei is given by Mr. George E. Mitchell: The Blueback Trout caught in Lake Crescent are on the back a deep dark-blue ultra- marine color of a peculiar transparency, dotted with small round black spots from the size of a pin’s head to a little larger. The 2 fins on the top of the back are a dark smoky color, also dotted as on back end, and are transparent. The tail is the color and transparency with dots also—same as the top fins. The side fins and the bottom fins are dead white and sometimes faintly tinged with a pinkish hue at the edges; the belly is white. Looking at the fish sideways the sides of the fish show the scales to be irides- cent, the red flash predominating. The head has very much the polish of mother-of-pearl around the lower jaws and jowls, red and pale-blue colors predominating; under the eyes a few black spots; on top of head the blue much darker than on top of back — so dark, in fact. that the black spots on it look blacker than the rest. The nearer the shore these fish are caught the lighter the blue on back, the fish often having an impression of the surroundings distinctly marked on them. The following notes are added by Admiral Beardslee: HABITS. The Blueback is a deep-water dweller; those taken by me in late October were caught at depths varying from 30 to 50 feet, on large spoons. They fought hard until brought near the surface, then gave up, and when landed were found puffed up with air. Speci- mens taken in spring and put in pools in mountain streams with other trout died very soon, while the others lived. The trout caught by Mr. Mitchell, in March, was taken near bottom, by a large spoon, and it is not on record that at so early a date one has previously been caught. FLESH. Light lemon color before cooking; devoid of the oily salmon flavor, and very excellent; whitening by cooking. ’ OVA. October 28. The eggs in the large tish were in individual size, and in size of cluster much smaller than those of a salmon of the same size. The following extracts from a letter from Mr. Carrigan, dated Port Angeles, April 30, are of much interest: * * * Answering your direct inquiries: The Beardslees and Crescents are readily distinguishable, and can always be told apart. There are no red spots at the points indi- cated on the Crescent trout—no markings to suggest the Cutthroat trout. (Named for Admiral L. A. Beardslee, U. 8. N., in recognition of his active and intelligent interest in American game fishes. ) Salmo gairdneri beardsleei, JORDAN & SEALE, Proe. Cal. Ac. Sci., ser. 2, vol. v1, 1896, 209, pl. 23, Crescent Lake, Clallam County, Washington. (Coll. Mrs. George IE Mitchell. Type, No. 1864, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus.) 780(c). SALMO GAIRDNERI CRESCENTIS, Jordan & Beardslee. (SPECKLED TROUT OR LAKE CRESCENT.) Hoad 3$ in length to base of caudal; depth 5; exposed portion of eye 6 in head, 13 in snout; scales 32-151-34, 151 cross series, 83 in front of dorsal; dorsal with 10 branched rays, anal with 11; branchiostegals 10; gill rakers 6+ 11, counting rudiments, these very short and thick, the longest but ;%; inch in length, 18} in maxillary; mouth large, maxillary extending much beyond eye, 1} in head, with about 20 teeth; tongue with 2822 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. the usual teeth; teeth on vomer in zigzag series; hyoid region of tongue without teeth. Snout 3} in head; preorbital very narrow, not so wide as. maxillary adjacent to it; the posterior suborbitals longer than eye, 54 in head; opercle and subopercle very narrow, scarcely as wide as eye, the free part of opercle 64 in head; interorbital width 4} in head. Origin of dorsal in middle of length of body, its margin straight, anterior 24 times posterior, and slightly longer than base, 24} in head; last ray of dorsal pointed. Origin of anal midway between origin of dorsal and base of caudal, margin irregular, anterior rays 3 times length of posterior and equal to base of fin, 2? in head. Adipose fin high and slender, situated immediately behind anal; pectoral 14 in head; ventrals under middle of dorsal, 22 in head; caudal broad, slightly emarginate, nearly truncate when spread, its corners not rounded, its longest rays 14 in head; least depth of caudal peduncle 32 in head. Pyloric ceca about 51, the longest about 12 in head, and very slender. Color in alcohol, very dark steel blue above, becoming paler below, nearly white anteriorly on belly, where only the margins of the scales are punctate; no silvery anywhere; lower jaw dusky, a large black blotch on cheek between suborbital and premaxillary; sides, back, top of head, dorsal and caudal fins with few small dark spots; pectorals dusky, slightly spotted at base; anal slightly dusky, withont spots; ventrals dusky with a few spots in middle; adipose fin with a few spots; lower fins all tipped with pale, probably yellowish red in life; spots all very small and faint, not confined to posterior part of body. The specimen before us, No. 1863, L. 8. Jr. Univ., is a male, 18} inches long. It was taken at Fairholme on Lake Crescent, Clallam County, Washington, March 12, 1896, by Mrs. G. E. Mitchell, of Fairholme. (Named for Crescent Lake, Washington, the type locality.) Salmo gairdneri erescentis, JORDAN & BEARDSLEE, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., ser. 2, vol. VI, 1896, 207, pl. 22, Crescent Lake, Clallam County, Washington. (Coll. Mrs. George E. Mitchell. Type, No. 1863, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus.) Page 504. Under Cristivomer for ‘‘Eastern North America” read ‘“Northern North America.” The genus occurs also in the lakes of Alaska and British Columbia. Page 508. Before Salvelinus alpinus insert: 784(a). SALVELINUS KUNDSCHA, Pallas. This seems to be a species very distinct from §S. malma. A specimen in the United States National Museum (No. 35814) from Petropaulski has been described by Bean & Bean as follows: Similar in form to S. malma, but the body stouter and less elongate. Head 44 to 4% (44 in the Tareinsky Bay specimen); depth 44 to 4%; eye 54 in head, 2 in interorbital, or 14 in snout; maxillary reaching to or beyond vertical through posterior edge of orbit; upper jaw nearly 4 length of head; lower jaw slightly shorter than upper. Hyoid teeth feebly devel- oped. Scales small, 36-195, 122 pores. Fins all short; origin of dorsal about midway between tip of snout and base of upper caudal lobe, the base of the fin nearly as long as the longest ray, or 4 as long as head, its Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2823 upper margin very slightly concave, the last ray 2 in the longest; adipose fin over end of anal, its width about 4 its length, which is about equal to eye; pectoral 7 to 7} in body length; ventral under middle of dorsal, not nearly reaching vent, its length 2 in head; caudal emarginate, its middle rays + the outer; anal scarcely concave when expanded. Pyloric ceca 22; branchiostegals 12; gill rakers 6+ 10, the longest less than } eye. Color bluish gray above, whitish below; the sides with numerous large white spots, some of which are } as large as eye. (Bean & Bean.) This species 1s said to be common from Kamchatka northward, but only 6 specimens are actually extant, 4 obtained at Petropaulski by Dr. Leon- hard Stejneger and 1 by Col. N. Grebnitski, and now in the United States National Museum, and 1 obtained from Tareinsky Bay by Mr. Gerald E. H. Barrett-Hamilton and now in the museum of Stanford University. Salmo kundscha, PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 111, 250, 1811, Kamchatka. Salmo leucomeenis, PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 111, 250, 1811, Kamchatka. Salmo curilus, PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., m1, 251, 1811, Kuril Islands. The true Salvelinus malma is very common at Unalaska, Kadiak, Kom- andorski Islands, and Petropaulski. Specimens from these various places are allalike. Head 4} to 4}; depth 4} to 4%. Spots grayish, tinged with red, much smaller than eye. Caudal well forked; lower fins short; pec- toral reaching halfway to vent. Hyoid teeth present. The head seems much shorter than in examples from the United States. The dwarf form from the little brook (Pyramid Creek) at the head of Captains Harbor agrees fully in form with large examples taken in the sea about Unalaska. The small ones are brighter in color and mature at4 to 6inches. The form occurring throughout the northwestern United States, and described on page 508 as Salvelinus malma, should apparently be regarded as a species distinct from S. malma, and would stand as— 784(a). SALVELINUS PARKEL (Suckley). Page 515. Add this footnote to Salvelinus oquassa marstoni: A specimen of Salmo marstoni sent me some days ago indicates a more distinct species than was at first supposed. This is the most slender of our charrs, apparently the swift- est. The male is gorgeous; brilliant red extends upon the back and onto the dorsal and caudal fins as well as upon the other fins. Though quite distinct, the species is nearer to S. oguassa than any other. (Garman, in lit., March 24, 1895.) Page 524. After Osmerus dentex add: 794(a). OSMERUS ALBATROSSIS, Jordan & Gilbert, new species. (KX ADIAK SMELT.) Head 44; depth 54. D. 2, 10; A. 1, 20; scales 75; maxillary 2:5; eye 54; snout 34; mandible 2; pectorals 14; ventrals 1}; dorsal 12; caudal 12. Body elongate, moderately compressed; back elevated at nape so that anterior profile is somewhat depressed between and behind eyes; interorbital space 3} in head. Mouth large, lower jaw heavy, strongly projecting; opercle with concentric striw; pectorals moderate; ventrals long; dorsal high; anal fin low, very long, its longest ray 2? in head; caudal moderate, well forked; ventrals inserted before dorsal. 2824 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Scales small, deciduous, those on back still smaller; lateral line distinet. Gill rakers long and slender, about 12 below angle of arch, longest about as long as eye. Tongue with moderate teeth, the anterior 2 to 4 small hooked canines; upper jaw with small sharp teeth similar to those in lower jaw, none of them canine-like; small teeth on palatines and ptery- goids; vomer with 2 very small canines scarcely fang-like. Color blu- ish above with bright reflections; scales margined with dark points; sides silvery with golden and coppery luster; inside of gill openings dusky; fins white, somewhat dotted. About Kadiak Island, Alaska. Two speci- mens caught in the upward haul of a dredge in Shelikof Straits, north of Karluk, Kadiak Island, Alaska, at Albatross Station No. 3675. The depth of the dredge haul was 109 fathoms, but these fishes were no doubt taken from near the surface. One specimen is 8, the other about 7 inches in length. The species is allied to Osmerus dentex, the Rainbow Smelt, but differs in the extremely long anal and in the very weak vomerine and lingual canines. The flesh is firm, as in O. dentex. (Named for the U. S. Fish Commission steamer 4/batross.)} Osmerus albatrossis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Rept. Fur. Seal Invest., MS. 1898, Shelikof Straits, north of Karluk, Alaska. Mesopus should replace Hypomesus. It is originally characterized on page 14 (not 168) Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, Hypomesus on page 15. The ventrals are inserted below front of dorsal in Mesopus as in allied genera, and there are 8 branchiostegals as in allied groups. The feeble teeth distinguish Mesopus from Osmerus. The statement that the stomach is cecal in Argentinide is true of a few genera only, and the character has no high systematic value. In Mesopus pretiosus and Osmerus dentex, the stomach is siphonal, as in Salmonide. In Thaleichthys pacificus, however, the stomach forms a blind sac. The small number of pyloric ceca and the peculiar structure of the ovaries remain to define Argentinide as a family distinct from Salmonide. Page 525. To the synonymy of Hypomesus olidus add: Osmerus oligodon, KNER. The species ranges south to Amur liver. Page 530. After Bathylagus pacificus add: 804(a). BATHYLAGUS BOREALIS, Gilbert. Head 4,4; to base of caudal; depth 5%; eye 24 in head; snout 2? in eye. D.8; A.19; ventral 8; pectoral 8. Scales in about 40 rows, judging from the scars; head scaleless. Interorbital width grooved, the groove widen- ing posteriorly, opening onto the flat occipital region, which is not swollen. Width of cartilaginous portion of interorbital space 4 orbit; including the thin membranaceous plates which overarch the orbits, the interorbital width is ? orbit. The anterior profile of snout declines gently, bringing the mesial portion of premaxillaries on a level with lower margin of pupil. Distance from tip of snout to endof maxillary slightly exceed- ing length of snout, 2! in orbit. Opercle with 2 strong ridges diverging downward and backward from behind the eye. Front of dorsal midway Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2825 _ between front of snout and adipose fin; base of dorsal contained 3} times in length of head. Ventrals inserted under posterior portion of dorsal. Free portion of adipose fin very long and narrow, rising above the base of the second and third anal rays before the last, its tip reaching rudimen- tary caudal rays when depressed; anal fin rather long, the base 12 in head, the vent immediately before it. Length of tail much exceeding head, 32 in total length without caudal. Uniform blackish brown on sides, the head and ventral region blue black. Differing from B. pacificus in its much greater depth, longer tail, longer anal fin, and flat occiput. Length 132mm. Bering Sea, in deep water north of Unalaska; 2 specimens known. (borealis, northern.) Bathylagus borealis, GILBERT, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1893 (Dec. 9, 1896), 402, Bering Sea at Albatross Station 3327, north of Unalaska, in 322 fathoms. 804(b). BATHYLAGUS MILLERI, Jordan & Gilbert, new species. Distinguished by the posterior insertion of the dorsal fin and the greatly swollen occipital region provided with a median keel. The type is in very poor condition, the skin being largely denuded from head and body. No traces remain of the scales, the pectoral and ventral fins are lost and the others greatly mutilated. Enough remains, however, to demonstrate that it is distinct from all known species and to furnish characters by which the species may be recognized. The interorbital space is converted into a very deep channel by 2 vertical thin lamellw which arise on either side, and mark off the narrow interorbital space from the contigu- ous supraocular areas. From the base of these vertical lamell« arise externally the thin supraocular plates, which extend outward and upward and roof over the orbit. A deep narrow channel is included between the lamelle and the plates. The floor of the interorbital groove is raised mesially into a sharp ridge, which is continuous anteriorly with the ethmoidal ridge and posteriorly with a ridge running along middle of occiput. On anterior half of occiput this ridge is a high strong keel; posteriorly, it becomes lower and rounded. The occipital region is swollen and prominent, much higher than the interorbital space. It is bounded laterly by 2 strong rounded ridges which originate at the upper posterior margin of the orbit and converge rapidly backward. The occipital cartilage is heavy and strong, not yielding readily to pres- sure. The width of interorbital space is} orbit; the distance between outer margins of orbital plates above middle of eyes is ? diameter of eye. The opercle is marked with delicate striw diverging downward and backward, but is without strong ridges. The front of dorsal is midway between adipose fin and gill opening, slightly nearer base of caudal than tip of snout. The fin contains 8 rays. Anal badly mutilated, containing at least 24 rays. The mutilated condition of the type will not permit further description. Length 155mm. Cortez Banks off San Diego, Cali- fornia, in deep water; known only from the type taken by the Albatross at Station 3627, in 776 fathoms. (Named for Walter Miller, professor of classical philology in Leland Stanford Jr. University, in recognition of his intelligent interest in zoological nomenclature.) 3030 100 2826 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Page 531. In key under h, for ‘“‘ incomplete” read ‘‘ complete.” Page 537. Wecannotseparate Synodus jenkinsi from Synodus scituliceps, and the former name should probably be abandoned. Page 555. Macrostoma angustidens and related species need further study. The synonymy and application of the names angustidens, elongatus, and resplendens are uncertain. Macrostoma brachychir is probably a good species. In M. caudispinosum the dorsal has 20, not 36, rays. Page 580. The generic name Bonapartia, Goode & Bean, is preoccu- pied in ornithology. For its use in fishes the name Zaphotias is proposed, taking the same species (pedaliota) as type. The genus and its species would then stand as follows: 274. ZAPHOTIAS, Goode & Bean, new generic name. (Zaphotias, having organs which emit light; Ca, intensive particle; $@s, light.) 872. ZAPHOTIAS PEDALIOTUS (Goode & Bean). Page 582. Cyclothone microdon occurs also in Bering Sea in very deep water. Page 586. Astronesthes is from aOrporv, star; &647)s, vestment. Page 594. Plagyodus (Steller) should probably supersede Alepisaurus, in which case the family becomes Plagyodontide. Page 603. Sternoptyx diaphana is common off both the Japanese and Hawaiian islands. Page 608. For Aldrorandia, Goode & Bean, substitute the earlier name Halosauropsis, Collett. Hallosauropsis, COLLETT, Camp. Sci. Hirondelle, June, 1896, 143 (macrochir). Page 618. Add: 916(a). MACDONALDIA ALTA, Gill & Townsend. D. 32; A. 31 to end of dorsal, 52 spines, 125 rays. Body comparatively high, greatest height equal to 3} the distance between vent and tip of snout; pectoral fin with its root twice as far from upper cleft of branchial aperture as from the lateral line, and much nearer to the posterior end of operculum than to lateral line. Bering Sea; only thetype known. (altus, deep.) Macdonaldia alta, GILL & TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X1, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 232, Bering Sea, Lat. N. 54° 54’, Long. W. 168° 59’, Albatross Station 3604, Aug. 13, 189 in 1,401 fathoms. (Type, No. 48774, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) 916(b). MACDONALDIA LONGA, Gill & Townsend. D. 33; A. 26 to opposite end of dorsal, 55 spines, 111 rays. Body com- paratively slender, with the greatest height about 4 distance between vent and tip of snout; pectoral fin with its root 3 times as far from upper cleft of branchial aperture as from lateral line, and very much nearer Jordan and Evermann,.—Fishes of North America, 2827 lateral line than end of operculum. Bering Sea; only the type known. (longus, long.) Macdonaldia longa, GILL '& TOWNSEND, Proe. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1897 (Sept. 17, 1897), 232, Bering Sea, Albatross Station 3607, 1895,ingoofathoms. (Type, No. 48775, U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Albatross.) Page 627. Lucius vermiculatus occurs also in Texas, specimens having been obtained in both the Trinity and Neches rivers near Palestine, by Evermann & Scovell. Page 632. Aplocheilus—= Apocheilichthys— Haplocheilus = Panchaxz,is a genus distinct from /’undulus, and should be erased from the synonymy of the latter. The genus is defined by the flat, much produced snout, and the long anal fin. To the synonymy of Fundulus add: Plancterus, GARMAN, Monogr. Cyprinodonts, in Mem. M. C., Z., x1x, No. 1, 96, 1895 (kanscee—= zebrinus.) Page 635. In the key, under aa, the phrase ‘inhabiting mountain springs and brooks” applies only to Nos. 943 and 944. It should be transferred and made a part of s. Page 637. Fundulus punctatus and IF. vinctus are wrongly placed by Garman in the synonymy of /’. parvipinnis. Page 638. Fundulus pallidus is placed by Garman in the synonymy of FI, grandis, to which it bears but little resemblance. Page 639. To the synonymy of Fundulus majalis add: Hydrargyra formosa, STORER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1837, 76. Page 641. Tothesynonymy of Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus add: Hydrargyra ornata, LE Sueur, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1, 1817, 131, Delaware River, near Philadelphia. (Coll. G. Ord.) Garman regards Fundulus grandis as a good species. We have recently compared specimens from Cape Cod with others from Tampa, and reach the same conclusion. Page 642. Betore Fundulus ocellaris insert: 932(c). FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS BADIUS, Garman. (This is the form found about Grand Manan, named but not character- ized by Garman.) Garman refers Fundulus ocellaris to the synonymy of Fundulus grandis, which is very doubtful. Page 643. Garman refers Fundulus fonticola also to the synonymy of F. grandis, which is not correct. He also wrongly regards Fundulus ber- mude as a variety of heteroclitus. Page 644. Fundulus robustus is referred, probably by error, by Garman to the synonymy of F. labialis, which is certainly incorrectly made a variety of F. parvipinnis. Page 645. Garman refers Fundulus zebra, zebrinus, and extensus to the synonymy of Fundulus adinia, all of which is certainly wrong. Such ref- 2828 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. erences defy all our knowledge of the geographic distribution of these fishes. For example, F. extensus is a brackish-water fish of Cape San Lucas; I’. zebra, which is the basis of I’. zebrinus, is a fish of the mountain streams of New Mexico, Colorado, and northeastward, while F. adinia is found near the mouth of the Rio Grande. There is no doubt that the orig- inal Fundulus zebra is the species called zebrinus by us and kanse@ by Gar- man. Itcame from some point between ‘‘ Fort Union and Fort Defiance.” In other words, it came from the head waters of the Canadian River or the Rio Grande. No species of this type has been recorded from the upper Rio Grande, but the species called zebrinus and kanse is in all the upper waters of the Arkansas basin, to which the Canadian River belongs, and doubtless in the streams above Fort Union. Page 646. To the synonymy of Fundulus zebrinus add: Funduluz kanse, GARMAN, Monogr. Cyprinodouts, 103, pl. 2, fig. 10, 1895, Kansas. This species (F. zebrinus) is rightly made the type of a new subgenus, or possibly genus, Plancterus, by Garman. It has long, convoluted intes- tines and very small pharyngeals. Fundulus seminolis (subgenus Fontinus) has short intestines and coarse pharyngeals. Page 648. Fundulus stellifer is wrongly referred by Garman to the syn- onymy of I’. catenatus. Page 649. Fundulus lineatus is referred by Garman to the synonymy of I’. sciadicus, which reference seems to be correct. Fundulus albolineatus, which Garman also refers to I’. sciadicus, seems to be a perfectly good species. It is certainly not I’. sciadicus. Garman refers Fundulus confluentus to the synonymy of I’. grandis, which is probably not correct. Page 650. Garman’s reference of Fundulus funduloides to the synonymy of F. grandis may be correct. The species called Fundulus dovii in the text is an Aplocheilus and should stand as: 968(a). APLOCHEILUS DOYVII (Giinther). Garman recognizes Zygonectes as a distinct genus, but its boundaries are not easily defined. The description of Fundulus confluentus should be modified to include the following, taken from the type: Head 32; depth 43. D.11; scales 44 or fewer. A black spot on middle of membrane of last 3 dorsal rays. This species resembles F. diaphanus rather than F. majalis. Fundulus ocellaris seems to be identical with F’. confluentus. Page 651. Garman refers Fundulus macdonaldi to the synonymy of F. sciadicus, which is probably correct, but the reference of F. floripinnis to the same synonymy is certainly wrong. Page 652. Garman refers Ff. pulvereus to the synonymy of F. grandis, which is without warrant. Page 655. To the synonymy of Fundulus chrysotus add: Gambusia arlingtonia, GOODE & BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 118, Arlington River, Florida. (Type, No. 21308. Coll. Dr. Goode.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2829 Zyaonectes henshalli, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 237, San Sebastian River, Flor- ida. (Type, No. 23449. Coll. Dr. James A. Henshall.) To the synonymy of Fundulus cingulatus add: Zygonectes rubrifrons, JORDAN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 237, San Sebastian River, Flor- ida. (Type, No. 23450. Coll. Dr. James A. Henshall.) Zygonectes auroguttatus, HAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 556, Westville, Florida. (Type, No. 37362. Coll. Mann & Davison.) An examination of a large amount of material recently collected in Flor- ida by Drs. Evermann and Kendall shows that the synonymy of these species should stand as indicated above. Examination of the type of Gambusia arlingtonia shows it to be the young of the form hitherto known as Z. henshalli, which, from an exami- nation of the type and other specimens, proves to be the female of /undu- lus chrysotus. The dorsal in Gambusia arlingtonia is not inserted so far back as the sixth anal ray,. but is rather over the third or fourth. Both G. arlingtonia and Z. henshalli, agree with descriptions of I’. chrysotus except in coloration. Both are females, as shown by form of anal fin. All speci- mens examined of the henshalli form are females, as shown in part by dis- section and by the form of the anal fin. All specimens examined of the form agreeing with descriptions of F. chrysotus prove to be males, as shown partly by dissection and by the form of the anal fin. Front series of teeth much enlarged in all; anal fin usually with 11 rays. The type of Z.rubrifrons differs from that of Z. henshalli in having a heavier head, really longer snout, mandible more oblique, giving the muzzle a truncated appearance, and the slope of the back to the snont beginning farther forward. ; The type of Z. rubrifrons agrees with the description of /. cingulatus, except in the number of anal rays, there being 10 instead of 8, as given in the description, which is a redescription of the type of F. cingulatus. Cuvier & Valenciennes, however, give 10 anal rays in the original descrip- tion. Specimens in the United States National Museum labeled Zygonectes cingulatus, from Pensacola, Florida, agree with the type of Z. rubrifrons, with the exception of 1 specimen, which has 11 anal rays. National Museum specimens collected by Dr. Shufeldt at New Orleans, labelled Zygonectes chrysotus, contain both the Z. henshalli and Z. chrysotus forms, i. e., those with pearly spots and no cross bars (females) and those with dark cross bars (males)—that is, male and female of Fundulus chry- sotus. Comparison of specimens collected at Tampa and Welaka, Florida, reveal 2 color forms. Most of those from Tampa have the heavier head, truncated muzzle, and outlines of FI. cingulatus. The 2 color forms are those with dark cross bars, all males as shown by dissection and form of anal fin. and those with no cross bars and no pearly spots, which are all females. The majority of individuals have 10 anal rays each. Most of the Welaka specimens have more slender and pointed head, pre- orbital less deep, really shorter snout, and the curve of the body toward the snout beginning farther back than in the preceding, and the majority have each 11 anal rays. The 2 color forms represent the 2 sexes—females with pearly spots and no cross bars, and males with dark cross bars and many with small brown spots. 2830 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. While a few of the chysotus form are found in the Tampa collection, and a few of the cingulatus form with the Welaka lot, they can be easily dis- tinguished. A very few of the cingulatus form have 11 anal rays and a very few of chrysotus 10, but they can be otherwise distinguished. Whereas the females of F. cingulatus haye no trace of pearly spots the females of F’. chrysotus almost invariably have them. As a rule, the cross bars in the male, I’. cingulatus, are narrower and more numerous than in the male of I’. chrysotus, though young individuals of the latter do not differ in this respect. In Fundulus cingulatus there are often faint spots on the seales of the back forming longitudinal lines which seem to be absent in F. chrysotus. The teeth in the front row of F. chrysotus are larger than in F. cingulatus. Page 658. Garman refers Fundulus guttatus to F. nottii, which is very doubtful, but he is right in so referring I. hieroglyphicus. He also refers F. dispar to F. nottii, which is probably wrong. Page 658. Fundulus guttatus (Agassiz) can not be separated from Pun- dulus nottii (Agassiz). Page 659. Fundulus melapleurus is, as Garman observes, a Gambusia, and should stand as Gambusia melapleura. Adinia guatemalensis and A. pachycephala are recklessly referred by Gar- man to the synonymy of Fundulus parvipinnis. They might just as well have been placed at random under any other species of a totally different fauna. Page 660. Before Adinia insert: 300(a). APLOCHEILUS, McClelland. Snout flat, both jaws much depressed. Bones of mandible firmly united ; upper jaw protractile; each jaw with a narrow band of villiform teeth. Body oblong, depressed anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Dorsal fin short, commencing behind the origin of the anal, which is more or less elongate. Intestinal tract but slightly convoluted; air bladder present. (Giinther. ) Aplocheilus, MCCLELLAND, Ind. Cypr. As. Res., XIX, 301, 1839 (chrysostigmus —panchaz). Panchax, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV1m, 380, 1846 (panchaz). Haplochilus, GUNTHER, Cat., VI, 310, 1866, corrected spelling. 968(a). APLOCHEILUS DOYVILI (Giinther). For description and synonymy see p. 650. Page 662. According to Garman the air bladder is present in Rivulus. He refers R. marmoratus to the synonymy of &. cylindraceus, which is probably correct. Add the following species: 973(a). RIVULUS ISTHMENSIS, Garman. Heed 34 in body; eye 3 in head; snout 6. D. 9; A. 11; V.6; P. 15; scales 32-8. Elongate, compressed posteriorly, depressed forward; head broad, much depressed, flattened on the crown; snout medium, blunt; Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2831 interorbital width greater than eye. Origin of dorsal fin over middle of base of anal, } distance from snout to base of caudal; origin of anal fin midway between head and caudal, the last ray nearly as far back as that of dorsal; caudal elongate, pointed, as long as head. Light olivaceous, with a dark blotch at base of dorsal and another on back above or in front of first anal ray; apparently a light, transverse streak at base of caudal. Rio San Jose, Costa Rica. Rivulus isthmensis, GARMAN, The Cyprinodonts, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., x1x, No. 1, July, 1895, 140, Rio San Jose, Costa Rica. (Type in M.C. Z.) Page 663. Lucania ommata is sete referred to the synonymy of Heterandria formosa by Garman. Page 664. The species called Lucania fantien in the text has 2 rows of teeth and is a true Fundulus, or rather Zygonectes, as Garman has shown. It may stand as Fundulus goodei. Page 665. Lucania venusta is wrongly referred by Garman to L. parva, to which, however, it is closely related. Page 668. Garman wrongly refers Characodon bilineatus and C. variatus to the synonymy of C. lateralis. Page 669. Add: 883(a). CHARACODON EISENIT, Rutter. Head 34; depth 3}; eye3. D.11to 13; A.13; scales 30 to 32-12. Snout shorter than eye, lower jaw projecting. About 9 teeth in upper jaw and about 14 in lower; teeth strongly bicuspid, the villiform teeth not devel- oped. Mouth almost vertical when closed, mandible about 4 length of eye; interorbital spaée flat, the anterior part equal to orbit, wider pos- teriorly. Insertion of dorsal in middle of total length; anal inserted under fourth ray of dorsal; pectoral reaching past insertion of ventral; tips of depressed dorsal and anal in vertical through middle of caudal peduncle; caudal broad, truncate, length of middle rays equal to length of top of caudal peduncle. Head about + of total; greatest depth of body above ventrals; depth of caudal peduncle 4 its length. Color in alcohol, male with a broad indefinite lateral band; female with dark blotches on sides which in 1 of 3 specimens form distinct cross bands. This species is most closely related to Characodon variatus, Bean. It dif- fers from that species in having fewer rays and scales, much fewer teeth, larger eye, much more posterior position of dorsal, and in color. Length 1d inches. Rio Grande de Santiago, Tepic, Mexico. Characodon eiseni, RUTTER, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 266, Rio Grande de Santiago, Tepic, Mexico. (Type, No. 4999, L.S.Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Dr. Gustav Eisen.) Page 670. Add the following: The specimens from Parras, Mexico, referred by Garman to C., lateralis, appear to be new. They may be described as follows: 984(a). CHARACODON GARMANTI, Jordan & Evermann, new species. B. 4; D. 12; A. 12; V.6; P. 17; scales 32-11 or 12; vertebre 15-+-18. Body compressed, Widderataly stout, caudal pedicel deep, back gently 2832 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. arched. Head about 4 of length to base of caudal; very little arched transversely. Snout short, not as long as the eye; chin steep. Mouth medium; upper jaw protractile. Teeth in outer series bicuspid. Eye large, nearly equal to interorbital space, + longer than snout, ? of head. The specimen examined had 4 branchiostegal rays on each side; whether this is normal must be decided from others. Finssmall; dorsal origin about 5 of the distance from snout to caudal; anal opposed to dorsal; posterior margin of caudal subtruncate. Olive to reddish brown, with scattered small spots of darker on the back, a darker band with or without spots of dark along the flank, more distinct posteriorly. Fins with fine dots of dark color. Parras, Coahuila, Mexico. (Named for Prof. Samuel Garman of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, in recognition of his valuable studies of the Cyprinodonts.) Caracodon lateralis, GARMAN, The Cyprinodonts, Mem. Mus. Comp, Zool., xrx, No. 1, pl. 1, fig. 9, 1895, Parras, Coahuila, Mexico; not of GUNTHER. 984(b). CHARACODON LUITPOLDII, Steindachner. Head 44 to 42; depth 3 to 3,5,; eye 4 to 43 in head; snout 3 to 33; inter- orbital 13 to 2. D.14; A. 15 or 16; P. 15 or 16; V.6; scales 40-17. Body moderately slender; caudal peduncle strongly compressed; head short; upper profile slightly arched, somewhat depressed at occiput; ventral out- line more convex; bases of anal and dorsal quite oblique. Dorsal rounded, longest ray 1} in head; anal somewhat smaller. Outer teeth slender, moy- able, broadened toward front of jaw which is notched; behind these a band of minute teeth, scarcely distinguishable. Two rows of scales below eye; preorbital, jaws, and narrow border of preopercle scaleless. Pecto- ral shorter than head, not reaching ventrals, which are nearer snout than base of caudal; origin of dorsal nearer base of caudal than gill opening; anal slightly behind dorsal. Color in alcohol, upper half of body light brown or brownish gray, lighter gray or silvery gray below, fading to yellowish white toward ventral line; a silvery gray band along middle of — side, not well defined, its width that of 1 or 2 scales. Lake Patzeuaro, Mexico. (Steindachner.) Oharacodon luitpoldii, STEINDACHNER, Einige Fischarten Mexico, 12, pl. 2, figs. 3-3b, 1895, Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico. (Coll. Princess Theresa von Bayern.) Page 675. Garman refers Cyprinodon elegans to the synonymy of C. eximius and C. felicianus to that of C. riverendi, both of which seem to be correct. Page 680. Gambusia infans is probably identical with G. gracilis, as indicated by Garman. Page 681. Garman calls our Gambusia afinis G. patruelis and makes G. holbrooki, the northern form, a distinct species, neither of which views seems to be justifiable. Page 682. Gambusia nobilis and G. nicaraguensis are referred by Garman to the synonymy of G. gracilis, which is questionable; but his reference to G. puncticulata of G. picturata is probably correct. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2833 Page 682. After Gambusia affinis add: 1000(a). GAMBUSIA TRIDENTIGER, Garman. Head 44; depth at anal 41; snout short, not as long as eye, narrow, rounded forward, and blunt. D.7 or 8; A. 10; V.6; P. 12; scales 28 to 30-8; vertebre 14+ 17. Mouth medium, directed obliquely upward; lower jaw longer than the upper, which is short, narrow, and protractile. Teeth in the outer series larger, strongly hooked, pointed, broadened somewhat toward the apex; inner series very small, in bands, tricuspid as in Pecilia; pharyngeal with a shoulder. Eye large, longer than snout, 3 in head. Fins small, excepting the caudal; dorsal smaller than anal and farther back, its origin about midway from occiput to end of caudal, nearly above the hindmost anal ray, 17 or 18 scales from the head; anal origin midway between snout and end of caudal; farther forward on the male, between the ventrals, and the fin is modified to form an intromit- tent organ about 4 length of entire fish; caudal deep, as long as head, rounded on hindgr margin. Scales large, median series on flank as wide aseye. Intestine short. Light olivaceous, yellowish or brownish, with 7 or 8 vertical bars of brownish, separated by light or silvery spaces of equal width, on the sides of the caudal portion, edges of scales darker, the centers or median series more or less silvery; belly and lower surface of head silvery or golden; peritoneum black, showing through abdnominal wall; occiput dark; top of snout light; a dark line between Anal and caudal; dorsal with a faint spot or group of puncticulations behind the middle near the base; other fins plain to dark tipped. (Garman.) Isth- mus of Panama, in fresh water (tridentiger, bearing trifid teeth). Gambusia tridentiger, GARMAN, Cyprinodonts, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., xrx, No. 1, 89, pl. 4, fig. 10, 1895, Isthmus of Panama. Pages 688 and 689. Heterandria versicolor and H. occidentalis are cor- rectly referred by Garman to the genus Pecilia. It is not improbable that H. versicolor is the same as Pecilia vivipara, Bloch & Schneider. Lebistes is doubtless identical with Pecilia, as is also Acropecilia. Acropecilia tridens is probably identical with Pwcilia dominicensis, as stated by Garman. Page 691. Garman wrongly refers Pwcilia butleri to the synonymy of P. sphenops. Most of the Mexican and Central American species are imperfectly known and imperfectly described. Of these Garman refers the following to the synonymy of P. sphenops, whether correctly or not only a study of adequate material can determine: Pacilia mexicana, P. thermalis, P. peten- ensis, P. dovii, P. couchiana, P. plumbeus, P. fasciatus, and P. spilurus. Pecilia pavonina is referred, perhaps correctly, to the synonymy of P. vitiata. Page 696. Garman thinks that Pecilia vandepolli is identical with P. reticulata, Peters,-which may be described as follows: 1032. P(CILIA RETICULATA, Peters: D.7 or 8; A.8 or 9; V.5; scales 26 to 28-8. Depth of body } and length of head nearly + of the length to the base of the caudal. Males rather more 2834 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, slender. Eye longer than snont, not quite 4 of head, 2? of interorbital space. Forehead flat. Dorsal origin somewhat nearer to end of snout than to end of caudal, opposite first ray of anal on females. Anal of male advanced, between the ventrals, which are elongate; anal process as long as the head, without hooks. Caudal large, rather longer than head, obtusely rounded; free portion of tail somewhat elongate, base of anal being 4 of its distance from the caudal; ventrals reaching anal; pecto- rals as long as the head, not reaching ventrals. Female yellowish olive, scales with a narrow blackish edge, belly silvery, trunk above the belly blackish. Male with 2 brown streaks along the trunk, sometimes conflu- ent into a band, a brown streak along the middle of the side of the tail, a round black spot behind the shoulder, another at the commencement of the caudal streak, and a third at the root of the caudal; 1 or 2 of these spots may be absent. Trinidad; Venezuela (reticulatus, netted). The male from Venezuela differs in color from those from Trinidad. It has large silvery patches between the brown streaks, and a large ovate black spot in the middle of the side of the tail. (Giinther. ) Note.—The following is the original description: ‘‘Griingelblich mit einem schwarzen Netzwerk, dessen Maschen den Randern der Schuppen parallel liegen, am Bauche silbrig. Schuppen in 7 Lings- und in 27 Querreihen; obwohl einige derselben durchbohrt erschei- nen, ist doch keine deutliche Seitenlinie zu sehen. Ganze Linge 39, Héhe 9, Liinge des one 7 Millimeter. D.8; A.10. Caracas; in dem Guayre-Flusse von Gollner gesam- melt.” Pecilia reticulata, PETERS, Monatsb. Berl. Ak. 1859, 412, Caracas; GARMAN, Cyprino- donts, 63, 1895. Girardinus guppii, GUNTHER, Cat., VI, 355, 1866, Trinidad; Venezuela; EIGENMANN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, 65. Girardinus vandepolli, VAN LINDTH DE JEUDE, Notes from Leyden Museum, Ix, 137, 1887, Curagao, one of the Leeward Islands. Pecilia vandepolli arubensis, VAN LINDTH DE JEUDE, Notes from Leyden Museum, rx, 137, 1887, Aruba, one of the Leeward Islands. Pecilia branneri, EIGENMANN, Ann. N. Y. Ac. Sci. 1894, 629. Page 697. Garman refers Pwcilia elongata, one of the best marked species of large size, and marine in its habitat, to the synonymy of P. gilli. This is certainly wrong, as is also the reference to P. gillii of P. chisoyensis and P. boucardi. P. melanogaster is probably correctly referred to P. dominicensis. Page 698. Add: 1037(a). PCRCILIA CUNEATA, Garman. B. 5; D. 8 to 10; A. 10 or 9; V.6; P. 15 or 16; scales 28 or 29-9. Short and deep; caudal pedicel deep. Head depressed, broad, flat on the crown, equaling depth between dorsal and anal, or } of the length to the base of the caudal; snout as long as the eye, broad, truncate; chin short, steep; mouth wide, directed upward; jaws weak, loosely joined, lower short, upper shorter, protractile; outer series of teeth slender, oar-shaped, hooked, movable; inner in bands, small, pointed; eye large, as long as snout, 4 of interorbital space, + of head. Dorsal larger than anal, origin midway from head to base of caudal, over third ray of anal, 13 scales behind the occiput. Anal small, acute angled, third ray longest; on the Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2835 male the base of the anal is forward of that of the dorsal, the fin is modi- fied to form a sharp-pointed organ in which the rays are less changed than in most species; its length is less than that of the head. Ventrals small, not reaching the anal. Pectorals reaching back over 7 scales. Caudal deep, as long as the head, hind margin rounded. Scales large. Intestine long. Brownish, olive tinted, bases of scales dark, back darker, and top of head darkest; more or less of the hind margin, or } of the seale, is whitish to silvery on the scales of the flank; lighter to silvery under head and abdomen; dorsal with 1 to several transverse series of small spots of black; fin sometimes black tipped; a brownish streak extending back and upward on the opercle behind the eye; caudal with small spots of black on the basal half, or with a couple of clouded transverse bands; other fins uniform or puncticulate; very small ones are lighter with a faint silvery band along the middle of the flank, but without vertical bars; a large one has numerous small white spots, somewhat like Fundulus heteroclitus. Females 24 and males 1,4; inches. Turbo, Gulf of Darien. Pecilia cuneata, GARMAN, Cyprinodonts, 62, pl. 5, fig. 3, 1895, Turbo, Gulf of Darien. Page 704. After Typhlichihys, Girard, add: a. Noscleral cartilages; no pigment in or about the eye; retinal elements readily sepa- rable into ganglionic, inner reticular, and nuclear layers, the nuclear and outer reticular layers rarely distiguishable; diameter of eye about .150 mm. SUBTERRANEUS, 1047. aa. Scleral cartilages large, forming a hood over front of eye; a mass of pigment in front of eye; pigment layer of retina with more or less pigment; eye a mere vestige, about .040 mm. in diameter. ROS, 1047(a). Page 706. After Typhlichthys subterraneus add: 1047(a). TYPHLICHTHYS ROSH, Eigenmann. Extremely close to T. subterraneus, from which it seems to differ only in the less development of the eye. Scleral cartilages large, forming a hood over the front of the eye; a mass of pigment in front of eye; pig- ment layer of retina with more or less pigment; eye a mere vestige, 4 the size of that of T. subterraneus, about .040 mm. in diameter. The types of this species are 2 small, thoronghly dissected specimens, in the Museum of Indiana University, collected from a cave in Jasper County, Missouri, by Miss Ruth Hoppin. (Named for Mrs. Rosa Smith Eigenmann.) Typhlchthys rose, EIGENMANN, Science, N. S., vol. vil, No. 164, 227, February 18, 1898, cave near Sarcoxie, Jasper County, Missouri. Page 723. Hemiramphus baiao is a valid species as defined. Page 729: Exocetus volitans, Linnzeus, as Lonnberg has shown, is identical with 2. evolans L. As the genus Exrocetus, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 516, is based solely on Exocetus volitans, the name ELxocwtus must go with this species, taking the place ot Halocypselus. The ordinary flying fishes must therefore be called Cypsilurus. The species with long anal fin may, however, be held as generically distinct from the type of Cypsilurus, and for them (ersiliens, rondeletii, etc.) the name Lxronautes has been proposed by Jordan & Ever- mann, Check List, 322. (Type, exsiliens.) (é€0, out of; vavrs, swimmer.) 2836 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Our species of Zxonautes are the following: 1080. EXONAUTES EXSILIENS (Miiller). 1081. EXONAUTES RONDELETII (Cuvier & Valenciennes). 1082. EXONAUTES VINCIGUERRE (Jordan & Meek). 1083. EXONAUTES SPECULIGER (Cuvier & Valenciennes). w 1084, EXONAUTES RUFIPINNIS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). To these should be added the following: 1084(a). EXONAUTES AFFINIS (Giinther). Head 4; depth 6; eye 34; snout 34. D.11 to 13; A.11t013; scales 6-50 to 52, 35 before dorsal. Interorbital space flat, slightly greater than eye. Pectoral fin extending scarcely beyond dorsal and anal; base of ventral midway between eye and base of caudal, its rays reaching beyond middle of base of anal; dorsal opposite anal, its anterior rays 24 in head. Pec- toral with an oblique white blotch across its lower half, and with a narrow whitish margin; ventrals grayish. Cuba? Atlantic; West Africa. (Giin- ther.) Probably distinct from EL. speculiger. Exocetus afinis, GUNTHER, Cat., VI, 288, 1866, Cuba ? The species of Cypsilurus are the following: 1085. CYPSILURUS HETERURUS (Rafinesque). 1086. CYPSILURUS LUTKENI (Jordan «& Evermann). 1087. CYPSILURUS FURCATUS (Mitchill). 1088. CYPSILURUS NIGRICANS (Bennett). 1089. CYPSILURUS XENOPTERUS (Gilbert). 1090. CYPSILURUS LINEATUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Under this species (p. 739) for Corea (in 3 places) read Gorea. 1091. CYPSILURUS CYANOPTERUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). This is a good species. The specimens recorded from James Island belong to C. bahiensis. 1092. CYPSILURUS BAHIENSIS (Ranzani). 1093. CYPSILURUS CALIFORNICUS (Cooper). 1094. CYPSILURUS CALLOPTERUS (Giinther). 1095. CYPSILURUS GIBBIFRONS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Page 732. In the key, for ‘‘jj” read “hh,” for “jjj” read “hhh,” for ‘*kk” read ‘‘ii,” for “i” read “gg,” and for ‘‘hh” read ‘‘ ff.” Page 746. According to the studies of Mr. Rutter and Dr. Gilbert all the forms of Gasterosteus should probably be reduced to a single species (Gasterosteus aculeatus), having 3 or 4 geographic varieties, each running into a number of forms which differ in the degree of armature of the body. Page 749. After Gasterosteus bispinosus cuvieri, insert: 1100(a). GASTEROSTEUS GLADIUNCULUS, Kendall. Head 3}; depth 34; D.II-I, 10; A.1,8. Head rather long; eye about 3 times in head; opercle not striate; body deep, compressed, with 5 lateral Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2837 dermal plates anteriorly counting from pectoral fin, none posteriorly ; cau- dal peduncle short, naked, not keeled; innominate bone lanceolate, its width about 3 times in length; ventral spines rather long, about 1% times in head, serrated above and below, a strong cusp at base on both upper and lower edge. Color in life, grass green, mottled and finely punctated with black on top of head and back; sides of head and body golden, with dark blotches; breast silvery, ventrals scarlet. In alcohol the back be- comes smoky black, the mottling and black dots more distinct, the golden hue of the sides fades, becoming more or less silvery, the dark blotches more pronounced. Coast of Maine and Woods Hole, Massachusetts. (gladiunculus, little sword; sticklebacks being called by the boys about Portland, Maine, ‘‘ Little swordfish.”) : Gasterosteus gladiunculus, KENDALL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1895, 623, off Seguin Island, Maine. (Type, No. 47589. Coll. Grampus.) Page 754. Aulostomus maculatus is pinkish-red in life. Page 757. Fistularia tabacaria has been recorded by Storer from Holmes Hole, Massachusetts, and H. M. Smith records it from Buzzards Bay, near Quisset, and from about Woods Hole. Page 762. In the key to species of Siphostoma read: eee. Dorsal covering 4 or 5 caudal (not body) rings. o. Rings 16 to 18 + 29 to 33. q. Rings 16+ 30 to 33; dorsal 30 to 34, on 3-4-5 rings. Page 767. It is doubtful if Siphostoma pelagicum occurs in America, S. rousseaui has probably been sometimes mistaken for it. Page 768. After Siphostoma jonesi add: 1124(a). SIPHOSTOMA ROBERTSI, Jordan & Rutter. Head 74 inlength; depth 24in head; eye 5} inhead. Dorsal 20, on 0+4 rings; segments 17+ 32. Snout 2} in head, with a slight keel; a slight keel on top of head, another above opercle, and 1 on anterior side of opercle, but not reaching posterior edge; shields without spines; lateral keel ending on last body segment; ventral keel on next to last; upper body keel extending nearly toend of dorsal fin, upper caudal beginning be- low it on first caudal segment; all ridges of body very prominent, the tail with 4 plain ridges; caudal pouch 3 in total length. Color mottled brown, paler below, the membrane connecting the segments pale bluish, forming cross stripes which are especially marked on the egg pouch; prominent pale cross bars on lower side of head; dorsal colorless, except that the base is finely dusted with brown; caudal thickly dusted with brown, except near base. This species is most closely related to Siphostoma jonesi, differ- ing m having a shorter dorsal with more rays, and in the lateral keel ending distinet from lower caudal keel. Jamaica; 1 specimen, 44 inches long, known. (Named for Rev. Joseph Seed Roberts, who collected the type.) Siphostoma robertsi, JORDAN & RUTTER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1897, 97, Kingston, Jamaica. (Type, No. 4988, L.S. Jr. Univ. Mus. ) 2838 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 1124(b). SIPHOSTOMA STARKSII, Jordan & Culver. Head 104; depth 21. Dorsal 38, on 0+ 10o0r11rings. Rings 13 or 14437 or 88. Head and body in tail 2. Snout 2? in head. Dorsal } longer than head. Body rather stout. Head scarcely carinate above. Snout witha slight smooth carina. Two lateral keels, confluent into 1 behind. Belly slightly keeled; no keel on opercle. Color dark olive, much mottled with darker but without distinct markings; yellow below. Male and female common in the fresh waters of Rio Presidio at Mazatlan, among algve; not seen in salt or brackish water. The pouch of the male teem- ing with eggs in January. Length 4 to 6 inches. Mazatlan, Mexico. Common in the Rio Presidio in sluggish water, on the bottom, about a mile below the village of Presidio. The species is probably found in brackish and fresh waters rather than in the sea. Siphostoma starksii, JORDAN & CULVER, Fishes Sinaloa, in Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1895, 416, pl. 30, Rio Presidio, Mazatlan. (Type, No. 2686, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Hopkins Exped. to Mazatlan.) 1124(c). SIPHOSTOMA SINALOX, Jordan & Starks, new species. Allied to Siphostoma arctum Jenkins & Evermann. Head 8} in length to base of caudal; depth 3} in head. Dorsal 26, on 14 + 5 rings, 14+ 35. Snout1} in head, a strong median ridge above running to between middle of eyes, a ridge on each side from angle of mouth to below eye, occipital and nuchal plates keeled, a slight keel on anterior part of opercle; dorsal keels ceasing in front of the last 4 or 5 rays of dorsal, the lateral ridge running up and continuing as dorsal ridges; belly with a keel on each side. Preanal part of belly 1% in postanal part; pectoral shorter than eye, caudal 3 in head. Color olive brown above, abruptly lighter below lateral ridges anteriorly, the edges of the plates dark, forming reticulations on lower parts of body; between every 4 rings is a narrow white cross bar; from each eye is a narrow light bar running upward and backward to occiput; caudal dark. The 2 type specimens, 1 of which was sent to the British Museum, collected by the Hopkins Expedition at Mazatlan. They were erroneously referred to Siphostoma arctum in our paper on the Fishes of Sinaloa. Type, No. 2945, L. 8. Jr. Univ. Museum. Page 772. Corythroichthys, Kaup, should apparently be recognized as a genus distinct from Siphostoma. The species belonging in it are the following: 1134. CORYTHROICHTHYS ALBIROSTRIS, Heckel. 1135. CORYTHROICHTHYS CAYANNENSIS (Sauvage). 1135(a). CORYTHROICHTHYS CAYORUM, Evermann & Kendall. Head 8?; depth 12%; snout 3} in head; eye 44. D. 21 rays, on 14 + 3} rings; A. 3, on first caudal ring; C.10; P.10. Rings 17+26—43. Body short and stout; head short, snout very short; tail but little longer than head and trunk. Cranial ridges strong; a high, sharp keel on snout, the occipital keel very high, its edge convex, notched near the middle, not Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2839 coutinuous with keel on snout; a strong supraocular ridge, beginning opposite posterior end of nasal keel and continuing backward with 1 hiatus upon upper edge of opercle; just below this on the opercle another longer but scarcely stronger ridge; another short ridge on anterior part of opercle at level of lower part of eye; opercles very convex, as if swollen outward; keels on body and tail all strong; the 2 lateral keels on body terminating on third caudal ring; the 2 lateral keels on tail beginning on the last body ring, thus overlapping the body keels; median’ keel on side well developed, terminating on sixteenth body ring; ventral keels strong; abdominal keel very strong. Egg sac on first 18 caudal rings. Color yel- lowish brown, with darker punctulations; tip of snout white; cheek, throat, and under parts of snout white, crossed by about 7 or 8 irregular brownish bars extending downward and backward; opercles brown; fins pale. This species is related to C. albirostris of Heckel, differing from it chiefly in the shorter snout, smaller dorsal, and fewer rings. Key West, Florida. (cayorum, of the Keys; from Cayo Hueso, Bone Key, the original Spanish name of the island of Key West.) Corythoichthys cayorum, EVERMANN & KENDALL, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Feb. 9, 1898), 128, pl. 7, fig. 7, near Crawfish Bar, Key West, Florida. (Type, a male 3} inches long, No. 48784. Coll. Drs. Evermann & Kendall.) Page 774. Syngnathus equoreus is doubtfully American. Until a com- parison of specimens can be made our species may stand as— 1138. SYNGNATHUS HECKELI (Kaup). Page 792. Lethostole, Jordan & Evermann, is identical with Chirostoma, and the definition assigned is that of Chirostoma. To the synonymy of Chirostoma estor add: Atherinichthys albus, STEINDACHNER, Anzeiger der Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1894, 148, Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico. (Coll. Princess Therese von Bayern.) Page 793. In Chirostoma humboldtianum the scales are serrulate. After this species insert the following: 1155(a). CHIROSTOMA GRANDOCULE (Steindachner). Head 4; depth5?; eye 32 in head; interorbital width 44; pectoral fin 14; ventral 24; caudal 14; anal base 14, its greatest height 13. D. V-I, 10; A. I, 20; P. 15 or 16; scales 60 to 62-15 or 16. Upper profile of head merg- ing gradually into that of back, rising slightly toward beginning of second dorsal. Lower jaw slightly projecting; posterior end of upper jaw reach- ing eye. Teeth on maxillary sharp, brush-like, in 3 or 4 rows, the inner teeth of the maxillary and the outer teeth of lower jaw somewhat enlarged and close set. Cheek narrower than in C. humboldtianum and C, estor, and with 4 rows of scales. Origin of first dorsal midway between anterior bor- der of eye and base of caudal, the second dorsal 4 diameter of eye nearer base of caudal than hinder border of eye; greatest height of second dorsal scarcely greater than base of fin. Longest anal ray about 1+ in base of fin; dorsal and anal concave on free border; origin of anal nearly an eye’s diameter in front of that of second dorsal; caudal deeply incised, the mid- 2840 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. dle rays about 2 in the longest; caudal peduncle more than 4} in body, its least depth somewhat more than 2 in greatest depth of body. Scales slightly ctenoid. Side with a broad, sharply defined silvery-gray band. Body much more slender, snout shorter, and eye larger than in C. hum- boldtianum or C. estor. Length 5 inches. Lake Patzeuaro, Mexico. Atherinichthys grandoculis, STEINDACHNER, Anzeiger der Kais. Akad. d. Wissensch. Wien. 1894, 149, Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico. (Coll. Princess Therese von Bayern.) 354(a). ESLOPSARUM, Jordan & Evermann. Eslopsarum, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 330, 1896 (jordani). This genus is close to Chirostoma, from which it differs in the large en- tire scales. To it belong the 2 following species: 1156. ESLOPSARUM BARTONI (Jordan & Evermann). 1157. ESLOPSARUM JORDANI (Woolman). To the synonymy of this species should be added Atherinichthys brevis, STEINDACHNER, Anzeiger der Kais. Akad. d. Wissensch. Wien. 1894, 149, Lake Cuitzeo, Mexico. (Coll. Prinzessin Therese von Bayern.) Page 793. In Eslopsarum jordani the anal is I, 16, not I, 6. Page 795. Kirtlandia laciniata has been found to intergrade with K. vagrans and should stand as— 1158a. KIRTLANDIA VAGRANS LACINIATA (Swain). Page 796. Under d in the key read: d. Snout about equal to eye, which is 3 to 34 in head. Page 800. An examination of numerous specimens of Menidia from vari- ous places between Florida and Halifax shows that M. notata and M. menidia intergrade perfectly. The first will therefore stand as— 1167a. MENIDIA MENIDIA NOTATA (Mitchill). Page 801. Menidia guatemalensis and Menidia pachylepis belong in the: genus Thyrina, Jordan & Culver. Page 819. Agonostomus nasutus has the anal usually I, 10, sometimes Lo: Page 821. Add the following: In the Transactions of the Jamaica Society of Arts for 1855, Mr. Richard Hill gives a paper on ‘‘Fishes of the Jamaica Shores and Rivers” which has been overlooked by subsequent writers. The list is chiefly a nominal one, but it contains a number of vernacular names not elsewhere given. The only new species are given under the head of Labrax (page 142) and Mugil (page 143), and these are named rather than described. They are the following: There is another Labraz, common enough in the Kingston market when the rains send strong freshets from the river into the harbor. The fishermen call it the river chub, and confound it with the mucronatus. It is a different species; it is marked with Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2841 bauds like the Perca fluviatilis of Europe, and the Perca granulata of America. We will cailit the Labrax pluvialis, rainy weather chub. Mugil petrosus—rock mullet ; lineatus—short mullet, 1; albula—short mullet, 2; curema—iong mullet; equcenoculus —horse-eye mullet; capitulinus—drab mullet, long ears; plumieri—pond mullet; . liza—callipeva; Dajaus monticola—mountain mullet; chotrorynchus—hog-nose mullet. The Dajaus monticola inhabits only the mountain. streams; the choirorynchus or hog- nose mullet is a fish of double the size of the monticola, dnd found in the same waters. The mugil liza is the largest of the mullets, from 20 inches to 3 feet long; the callipeva is the name by which it is exclusively known. This is, no doubt, its Indian name. The equinoculus and capitulinus, known in the market as long muliets, are readily distin- guishable from each other by the size of the head, and especially by the size of the eye: the horse-eye mullet has the large eye, the capitulinus unusually small. The plumieri, Plumier’s mullet of Cuvier & Valenciennes, is a long mullet; and the lineatus and albula what the market people distinguish as short mullets. The callipevais a river mullet seldom extending further than the embouchure of streams, or into the ponds and marshes. The curema is a large mullet found on the sea banks; it is the most highly colored of all the mullets, the back is a golden green and it has scales on the second dorsal fin. Dajaus choirorynchus is identical with Agonostomus nasutus, but the scanty description hardly justifies the substitution of this name for the later one. The other new species we fail to identify. Labrax pluvialis we do not recognize. Page 823. The great Barracuda should stand as— 1199. SPHYRENA BARRACUDA (Walbaum). To its synonymy add: Bsox barracuda, WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 11, 94, 1792; after CATESBY. Page 827. The veutrals in the Polynemida are truly thoracic, the long pubic bone being attached to the shoulder girdle. This family is proba- bly nearest allied to the Sciewnida. Page 833. After Ammodytes personatus add: 372(a). RHYNCHIAS, Gill, new genus. Rhynchias, GILL, MS., new genus (septipinnis). This generic name is provisionally given to a species known only from a description of Pallas, and supposed to differ from Ammodytes in the presence of ventral fins. It may prove to belong tosome different family. (pvy xos, snout.) 1214(a). RHYNCHIAS SEPTIPINNIS (Pallas). This species has not been recognized by any recent collector, and it is not certain to what family it belongs. The following is the substance of Pallas’s description: D. 438; A. 24; V.8; P. 16; C. 24. Form of Ammodytes tobianus. Head 3030——101 2842 = Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. compressed; snout long, slender, depressed. Maxillary with fine teeth; rictus long. Branchiostegals 4. Body compressed, slender, with trans- verse streaks. Scales inconspicuous; 1 lateral line. Pectoral large, un- armed. Dorsal short, well backward, lower posteriorly; caudal sub- bifureate. Color white, the dorsal edged with darker. Kamchatka. (Pallas. ) If we can trust the description, this fish would seem to represent a dis- tinct genus of Ammodytid@, characterized by the presence of ventral fins, but it may be that the account is erroneous in this regard and that Pallas had in mind Ammodytes personatus. (septem, seven; pinna, fin.) Ammodytes septipinnis, PALLAS, Rosso-Asiat., 1m, 1811, Kamchatka. Page 833. Ammodytes alascanus is not separable from A. personatus. Page 839. Caulolepis longidens occurs also in the Pacific, specimens hay- ing been collected by the Albatross at Cortez Banks, off San Diego, Cali- fornia, in 1896. Page 847. Add: 1230(a). MYRIPRISTIS CLARIONENSIS, Gilbert. Head 3} in length; depth 2%. D. X-I, 14; A. IV, 12; scales 34-41-7, Least depth of caudal peduncle 4} length of snout and eye. Greatest (oblique) diameter of eye 2} in head. Least interorbital width equaling length of snout, 44 in head. Mouth less oblique than in related species, the line of upper jaw with a more pronounced double curve. Lower jaw the longer, with well-developed symphyseal knob. Teeth finely villiform, very slightly enlarged toward middle of both jaws; wide patches of simi- lar teeth on head of vomer and on palatine bones. Length of maxillary (measured from front of upper jaw) very slightly (about .';) less than length of snout and eye. Color before immersion in spirits, reddish, the upper parts dusky, especially on top of head and on the margins of the scales; evident horizontal dusky streaks between the rows of scales; oper- cular membrane blackish; fins all light, without dark markings. Differ- ing from all known American species of Myripristis in having 34 series of scales between the lateral line and the base of the spinous dorsal, instead of 2}. Length 6} inches. Revillagigedo Islands; only the type known. Myripristis clarionensis, GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 441, pl. 69, Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago. (Type, No. 47746. Coll. Dr. Gilbert.) Page 852. Insert the following description by Jordan & Rutter of Holocentrus marianus, based upon a specimen 6 inches long from Jamaica: Head 2?; depth 3 in length; eye 2}in head. D. XI, 13; A. IV, 9; scales 445-7. Dorsal outline much more curved than ventral; mouth low, but little oblique, the lower jaw projecting and entering upper profile; max- illary to below middle of eye; eye large, lower margin of orbit cut by a line connecting tip of snout and upper base of pectoral; angle of opercle high, higher than top of pupil, with 3 sharp teeth, small teeth along the margin next the subopercle; subopercle long and narrow, dentate near upper end; preopercle very finely serrate, with a strong spine at angle; a single row of scales on opercle along margin of preopercle; suborbital Jordan and Fvermann.—Flishes of North America, 2843 bones very narrow, finely serrate; premaxillary groove on top of head as long as eye; length of pectoral equals head behind middle of eye; spinous dorsal depressible into a groove, highest (anterior) rays of soft dorsal equal to ventrals, longer than soft rays of anal; third anal spine very long and heavy, as long as pectorals; caudal forked almost to base, the lobes equal, as long as pectorals. Each row of scales with a red band, yellow lines between the rows; fins all yellowish. This is a strongly marked species, very different from Holocentrus ascensionis, perhaps the type of a distinct genus, characterized by the large mouth and projecting chin. Page 856. Dr. Bean reports the Red Mullet or Goat lish (Mullus aura- tus) as being plentiful at Sandy Hook in September and October. Page 857. The nominal genus Mulloides can not be separated from Upeneus. . Page 866. In Scomber colias read: Head about 3; depth 42; first dor- sal longer than high. Page 873. To the synonymy of Scomberomorus ada: Polipturus, RAFINESQUE, Anal. de la Nature 1815, 84; substitute for Scomberomorus. Page 874. In line 12 of description of Scomberomorus maculatus, for “side” read “part.” Page 878. Bipinnula, Jordan & Evermann, is a synonym of Lscolar, Jordan and Evermann, in Goode and Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 519, 1896. The error resulted from Goode & Bean taking our original MS. name Lsco- lar, for which we afterwards substituted Lipinnula. This genus and its species will therefore stand as follows: 396. ESCOLAR, Jordan & Evermann. Escolar, JORDAN & EVERMANN, in GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic Ichthyology, 519, Aug. 23, 1896 (violaceus). Bipinnula, JORDAN & EVERMANN, Fishes North and Middle Amer., 878, Oct. 3, 1896 (violaceus). 1267. ESCOLAR VIOLACEUS (Bean). Page 886. Instead of Lepidopus caudatus, which is not yet known to occur in American waters, insert: 1276. LEPIDOPUS XANTUSI, Goode & Bean. Head 43 in body; depth 3 in head; eye 54; interorbital space 84; snout 3; maxillary 34. D. 82; A. II, 45. Jaws with long, sharp teeth in front, followed by single rows of weaker ones, arranged in groups of twos and threes. Height of dorsal, near middle of body, 3 in head. Anal preceded by 2 scutes, the first minute, the second wide, strongly keeled, its Jength 8 the diameter of eye. Pectorals of 12 rays, length 2 in head. Each ventral consists of a flat keeled spine followed by a minute ray. This species is known from 2 small mutilated specimens, both found on the beach near San Jose del Cabo, Cape San Lucas. The type was taken by John Xantus, about 1860, and recorded by Jordan & Gilbert as Lepidopus caudatus. The second, of about the same size (54 inches), was taken by 2844 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Richard C. McGregor, in 1897. From the latter the above account was taken. The species differs from Lepidopus caudatus in the much shorter dorsal and longer anal. D, 103; A. 24. (Named for John Xantus de Vesey.) Lepidopus caudatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 358; not of EUPHRASEN. Lepidopus xantusi, GOODE & BEAN, Ocean. Ichth., 519, 1896; same type; no description. Page 889. Trichiwrus lepturus is recorded by Storer from Buzzards Bay (1840) and Wellfleet, Massachusetts (1845), and H. M. Smith records it from Woods Hole (1897). Page 892. The synonymy at top of page under Tetrapturus imperator belongs to the footnote on same page. Page 899. Add: 1286(a). OLIGOPLITES MUNDUS, Jordan & Starks, new species. Head 4; depth 23; eye 44. D. V-I, 19; A. II-I, 20. Body deep and compressed. Length of head about { greater than its depth at nape; eye equal to snout and to interorbital; maxillary extending considerably beyond vertical from hinder margin of eye, its length 1; in head; second suborbital not over 4 as wide as lowest, and much shorter, thus form- ing a prominent notch in posterior margin of suborbital bones; a slight emargination in opercle in front of pectoral. Teeth small, sharp, in a band in each jaw, narrow in upper. Origin of soft dorsal midway between snout and base of caudal, the anal opposite; the anterior rays of both somewhat produced; second soft ray of each equal to head behind pupil, and equal to pectoral; ventrals equal to } ot pectorals, their inner margins fastened to body; caudal deeply forked, the middle rays 34 in longest, which are longer than head. Lateral line nearly straight, but forming a broad angle above pectoral. Color silvery on sides, becom- ing darker above; fins colorless. This species differs from Oligoplites altus in the much larger mouth and in having the suborbital bones notched posteriorly. Oligoplites saliens of the West Indies seems to be more elon- gate in body and with the suborbitals even behind as in O. altus. Pacific coast of tropical America. This description is based on a specimen 11 inches long from San Juan Lagoon, Mexico, at the mouth of Ahome River, collected by the Albatross. Three other specimens from Algodones Lagoon, Mexico (Albatross Coll.), agree in every respect, except that 1 of them has but 4 free spines in front of dorsal. Numerous other specimens have been since brought by Dr. Gilbert from Panama. Oligophites mundus, JORDAN & STARKS, in JORDAN & EVERMANN, Check-List Fishes, 344. 1896, Mazatlan, Mexico; name only. Page 909. The Californian species Trachurus symmetricua is probably a species distinct from 7. picturatus, described from Madeira. The two forms have never been properly compared. Page 912. The identity of Hemicaranx amblyrhynchus with Caranz fal- catus, Holbrook, needs proof. The latter species, if distinct, may be de- scribed as follows: Jordan and Evermann.—Ffishes of North America, 2845 = 1305(a). HEMICARANX FALCATUS (Holbrook). Head 6 in total length; depth about 3. D. VII-I, 28; A. II-I, 25; C.19; V.5; P.16; lateral line with 50 plates. Body oval, compressed; the head short, the facial outline descending in a gentle curve to snout, which is rounded though narrow. Eye large, in the middle third of the head, the posterior margin rather nearer snout than posterior margin of opercle; nostrils close together, nearly midway between eye and snout, and ona line within the orbit, the posterior larger, subround, the anterior ovoidal. Mouth small; each jaw with a single row of slender, conical teeth; a small patch of minute teeth on the vomer, and a small, narrow group of similar teeth on the palatines; tongue small, narrow, a few minute teeth near its base; pharyngeal bones armed with numerous card-like teeth, longer than those of the jaws. Soft dorsal long and low, the first 3 or 4 rays moderately elevated, the fin scaled at base; pectoral falcate, very long, extending to anterior third of soft dorsal; ventral small, very short, reach- ing beyond vent; anal shaped like the soft dorsal; caudal very long and widely forked, the upper lobe more than 4 longer than the lower. Lat- eral line at first almost semicircular; at origin of soft dorsal descending to median plane, then straight; plates beginning with the soft dorsal in- creasing in size to the thirty-fifth, whence they decrease rapidly; scales minute, those of lateral line elongated quadrilateral, with 1 angle pro- longed and rounded. Color, upper part of head and body above lateral line pale brown with slight bluish tint; lower jaw, opercle, and side yellowish; belly silvery, with a slight golden tint; anterior dorsal transparent; pos- terior transparent but with a yellowish tint; caudal yellowish. Known certainly only from Charleston, South Carolina. Caranz faleatus, HOLBROOK, Ichth. South Carolina, 92, pl. 13, fig. 2, Charleston, South Carolina. Page 914. Add: 1306(a). HEMICARANX ZELOTES, Gilbert, new species. Head 4 to 4!; depth 22 to 22. D. VII-I, 26 to 29; A. II-I, 23 to 25; P. 20 to 22; scutes about52. Body regularly elliptical, its greatest depth aboutin middle of its length, exclusive of caudal peduncle. Head small; anterior protile more decurved, and hence the snout is blunter than in H. atrimanus; depth of head just behind eye about 2 its length. Jaws subequal, tip of lower slightly projecting; maxillary narrow, not quite reaching anterior margin of pupil, about 3) in head (34 to 3% in atrimanus). A single series of small, close-set, subequal teeth in each jaw; no teeth on vomer, pala- tines, or tongue. Orbit considerably greater than snout, 34 to 34 in head. Interorbital width (taken at anterior margin of orbit) slightly less than orbit. Occiput with an evident carina. Distance from snout to first dor- sal spine greater than length of pectoral. Spinous dorsal very low, the highest spine considerably less than orbit (greater than orbit in atrimanus) ; a well-developed antrorse spine before the dorsal; soft dorsal and anal similar, not-falcate, the rays decreasing in size from the first; highest ray of soft dorsal 2 to 24 in head; highest ray of anal about 24 in head; dor- sal and anal depressible into a high sheath of scales, the last 3 or 4 rays 2846 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, uncovered; caudal fin wide, well forked, the upper lobe the longer, the longest ray not quite } total length of body; pectoral fin long, 34 to 34 in body (22 to 24 in atrimanus); ventrals 2? to 2? in head. Scales as in atri- manus; lateral line with a very strong curve anteriorly, the height of the curve 23 to 3L in its length; its length 24 to 2} in the straight portion; entire length of straight portion with scutes, which are very small in front and behind; scutes considerably wider and lower than in atrimanus, the widest about 4 diameter of orbit (about 4+ diameter of orbit in atri- manus). Coloration much as in H. atrimanus, but darker, and the fins without yellow; blackish olive above, dusky silvery below; top of head and snout black; spinous dorsal and the broad margins of soft dorsal and anal black; caudal dark, margined with black; pectorals very dark, black inside, the extreme lower rays light; a large jet-black blotch at base, on each side of pectorals, extending for about + the whole length of the fin; axil black. Closely related to Hemicaranz atrimanus. Like it, it has a large jet-black area at axil and base of pectoral, and differs from it in the following characters: In having a shorter pectoral, shorter ventrals, pro- file of snout more rounded, a lower spinous dorsal, a shorter maxillary, a higher, shorter curve.in lateral line, wider scutes, which are less sharply carinated, and darker fins. Panama. (CeAor77s, an imitator.) Page 921. Caranz crysos and Caranz pisquetus are probably distinct spe- ciés, the former ranging from New York to Florida, the latter from the West Indies to Brazil. In Caranz pisquetus the pectoral fins are very long, as in the Pacifie spe- cies Caranx caballus, from which we can not separate it. The species need further study. Page 934. After Vomer setipinnis add: 1329(a). VOMER SPIXII (Swainson). Head 27; depth 12; D. VI-I, 22; A. I, 18; eye 33 in head; maxillary 24; snout 14; caudal 1. Body very deep, in form much like Selene wrstedii; profile very steep, almost vertical; snout slightly protruding. Mouth oblique, maxillary reaching to the vertical from front of eye; gill rakers 7 to 27, the longest a little more than + eye. Lateral line strongly arched in front, the arch 11 the straight part; plates of lateral line little differ- entiated; pectoral faleate, as long or slightly longer than head; ventrals small, under base of pectorals. Color bluish above, sides silvery, fins except ventrals and anal dusky. Here described from specimens from Jamaica about 10 inches in length. These specimens are evidently differ- ent from the Northern Vomer setipinnis (—Vomer browni), the body in spee- imens of the same length being much deeper. It corresponds to the figur - given by Agassiz of Vomer browni, this figure being the basis of Vomer spizii of Swainson. Probably all West Indian records of Vomer setipinnis belong to Vomer spixii. (Named for Jean Baptiste Spix, of Munich, natur- alist and explorer. ) Platysomus spixii, SWAINSON, Class. Fishes, 111, 250 and 406, 1839, Brazil; after AGASSIZ & SPIX. Vomer gabonensis, GUICHENOT, Ann. Soc. Maine et Loire, 1865, 42, Gaboon. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2847 Page 938. To the synonymy of Chloroscombrus chrysurus add: Seriola cosmopolita, CUVIER, Régne Animal, Ed. 2, vol. 11, 1829, Gorea; after Scomber chloris, BLOCH. Add the following species: 1334(a). CHLOROSCOMBRUS ECTENURUS, Jordan & Osgood. Head 34; depth 23. D. VIII-I, 27; A. II-I, 26. Snout slightly shorter than eye, which is 3} in head. Chord of curved part of lateral line 12 in straight part. Depth of caudal peduncle 2 in its length, measuring from the base of the last dorsal ray to the base of the first caudal ray.. Pecto- rals long and falcate, 3 in length; ventrals short, 2} in head, extending beyond the vent, which is situated in a groove in which these fins fit. Depth of head equal to or slightly less than its length; maxillary reaching anterior edge of eye, 2? in head. Lateral line unarmed; curve of ventral outline very slightly more pronounced than that of the dorsal; dorsal and anal fin sheaths well developed. Tips of upper spines and rays dusky ; a black blotch at base of upper rays of caudal, and a black axillary and oper- cular spot. The species is closely related to Chloroscombrus chrysurus, the common species of the South Atlantic and Gulf States, which it evidently represents in the West Indies. The species chrysurus is deeper in every way, having a deeper body, a deeper head, and a deeper caudal peduncle. In chrysurus also the eye is larger, the mouth more nearly vertical, and the arch of the lateral line higher. When specimens of equal size from Florida and Havana are compared the characters are very evident. In 2 specimens, each 7} inches in length, from Havana and Florida, respec- tively, the depth of the body of the one is contained 1} times in that of the other, the depth of the head 14, the depth of the caudal peduncle 1}, and the length of the eye 1+. The names chrysuwrus (South Carolina), latus (Carolina), and caribwus (Texas) evidently all belong to the species of the United States coast. The type of chloris came from Acard, in Guinea, and cosmopolita of Cuvier was originally as a mere substitute for chloris, Until the African species can be examined, it is better not to use the name for either of the American forms. Probably Chloroscombrus chloris, when studied, will be found distinct from either. If not, that name would take the place of ectenurus. West Indies; known from Jamaica and Cuba, (éxrevns, extended; ovpa, tail.) Chloroscombrus ectenurus, JORDAN & OSGOOD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1897, 101, Jamaica. (Coll. J. S. Roberts.) The validity of Chloroscombrus ectenurus is still doubtful. Page 942. After Trachinotus faleatus add: 1337(a). TRACHINOTUS RHOMBOIDES (Bloch). Head 3); depth 12 in length; eye 3} in head. D. VI-I, 20; A. II-I 18. Back much elevated, but not angulated at origin of soft dorsal; end of snout not vertical, curved; head slightly concave at occiput. Maxillary to below anterior margin of pupil; eye on level of lower edge of premax- lary and axil of pectoral. Origin of soft dorsal behind tip of pectoral, 2848 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. its lobe much elongated, extending to middle of caudal; lobe of anal reach- ing to below base of caudal; caudal lobes equal, 25 in body; pectoral rounded, 1} in head; ventrals 2}in head. Scales minute, large posteriorly near lateral line. Pale olive above, becoming silvery on belly; lobes of vertical fins dusky. This West Indian species is apparently different from the northern Trachinotus falcatus with which it has been confounded. Trachinotus falcatus seems to be confined to the coasts of the United States. In specimens of the same size the vertical fins are much higher in the West Indian species. (06s, rhomb; e7das5, resemblance.) Ohetodon rhomboides, BLocH, Ichth., 1787, pl. 209, Martinique. Page 945. After Trachinotus paloma insert: 428(a). ZALOCYS, Jordan & McGregor. Zalocys, JORDAN & MCGREGOR, Rept. U,S. Fish Comm. 1898 (stilbe). This genus is closely allied to Hypodis, Rafinesque (= Lichia, Cuvier), differing in the absence of a procurrent spine before the dorsal, and in the cultrate thoracic region. From Trachinotus it is distinguished by the same characters and also by the lower forehead and nonfalcate dorsal and anal fins. Hypodis is scarcely different from Trachinotus, the only tangible characters being the larger teeth, the low dorsal, and the less elevated forehead. Porthmeus, Cuvier (= Lichia amia and L. vadigo) is a well-defined genus, distinguished by the large mouth and projecting lower jaw. (Salm, surge of the sea; auvs, swilt.) 1344(a). ZALOCYS STILBE, Jordan & McGregor. Head 41; depth 24. D. VI-I, 26; A. II-I, 23. Body elliptical, deeper than in Hypodis glaucus; belly sharply compressed; ventral outline similar to that of dorsal; anterior profile of the head elevated and sharp, the eye being rather below than above its middle; eye 5 in head, with conspicu- ous adipose eyelid before and behind; posterior nostril much larger than anterior; vertically oblong maxillary broad, without supplemental bone, extending to pupil, 22 in head. Mouth moderate, oblique; each jaw with bands of villiform teeth; similar teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue. Preopercle very broad; cheek moderate; suborbital narrow; preorbital very narrow, 4 in eye. No psendobranchiw. Gill rakers very long and slender, numerous. No procumbent spine before dorsal; spines low and separate, progressively higher; soft dorsal and anal each with a sheath of scales; first rays of dorsal very slightly elevated, 2} in head; anal without distinct anterior lobe, longest ray 2} in head; caudal peduncle long and slender; depth 3% in head; length below 24 in head; caudal fin widely forked; lobes long and slender, upper a little the longer, more than 4 longer than the head and 23 in body; pectoral moderate, 1} in head; ventrals very small, 64 in read snout 3} in head; premaxillary protractile. Color dark steel ‘ihe or blackish above; lower parts soiled white; axil and base of pectoral within jet-black ; dorsal and anal each with a narrow whitish edging; caudal black, each lobe with a narrow whitish edging within. Body covered with small smooth scales, much as in Trachinotus; Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2849 lateral line undulate, very slightly arched anteriorly. Clarion Island; 1 specimen, 16 inches in length, known. (6771/7, shining.) Zalocys stilbe, JORDAN & McGREGOR, Rept. U. S. Fish Comm. 1898, pl. 5, Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago. (Type, No. 11996,L.S.Jr.U.M. Coll. R. C. McGregor.) Page 965. Rhombus, Palometa, and Poronotus should probably stand as distinct genera. The species placed in Rhombus in the text would then stand as follows: 1363. RHOMBUS PARU (Linnzus). 1364. RHOMBUS XANTHURUS (Quoy & Gaimard). 1365. PALOMETA PALOMETA (Jordan & Bollman). 1366. PALOMETA MEDIA (Peters). 1367. PALOMETA SIMILLIMA (Ayres). 1368. PORONOTUS TRIACANTHUS (Peck). The identity of the South Atlantic Coast Rhombus alepidotus with the West Indian Rhombus paru is very doubtful. Page 973. The genus Acrotus, Bean, represents a family distinct from Tcosteide. Family CXXXVI(a). ACROTIDZ. Two additional specimens of Acrotus willoughbyi have lately come to light—the one from Port Townsend, the other from Monterey. After Acrotus willoughbyi insert: Family CXXXVI(b). ZAPRORID&. Body robust, moderately compressed, the back not elevated, the belly not carinate. Body covered with small adherent cycloid scales, which cover the membranes of all the fins except the distal third, as also the gill membranes, lower jaw, cheeks, opercles, and nuchal region. No lateral line; nospinules. Head short, the nape not elevated, the forehead broad and abruptly convex in profile; eye moderate, placed high; preoper- cle, parietal region, and region about eye with very large open mucous pores. No spines on head; edges of membrane bones of head covered with thick scaly skin. Mouth moderate, terminal, oblique, its cleft mainly an- terior; upper jaw protractile, but not movable; maxillary rather narrow, simple; lower jaw very heavy, its thick lip projecting beyond upper jaw. Teeth alike in both jaws, rather strong, blunt, even, close set, forming a uniform cutting edge; no teeth on vomer, palatines, or tongue, the tongue very thick. Lower pharyngeals narrow, with bluntish teeth, those on the edge larger; upper pharyngeals rather large, with small, blunt, velvety teeth; no distinct tooth-like processes in the wsophagus; pseudobranchie present; gill rakers very slender and flexible, rather short; gills 4, a large slit behind the fourth; gill membranes separate, free from the isth- mus; opercle adnate to shoulder girdle above its angle; coracoids not largely developed. Pectoral fin long, rounded, attached a little nearer 2850 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. ventral than dorsal outline; ventrals wholly wanting. Dorsal fin begin- ning above gill opening, composed entirely of simple inarticulate rays or spines, these moderately flexible, attached to the membrane to their tips, and all except the first and last of about equal length. Caudal peduncle short and stout, not contracted, the large caudal subtruncate or rounded at tip, and without procurrent rays; vent nearly median. Anal much shorter than dorsal, somewhat higher, and composed of soft rays, subequal in length. Skeleton rather limp and flexible, but much less so than in Icosteus. 445(a). ZAPRORA, Jordan. Zaprora, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 202 (silenws). Characters of the genus included above. This genus bears some resemblance to Icichthys, but differs in the stout caudal peduncle, absence of ventrals and lateral line, and in the form and structure of the head. Among the genera known to us it seems to come nearest to Icichthys, and it might be placed among the Icosteidw were it not for the presence of pharyngeal teeth. (€d, an intensive particle; TP@pa, prow.) 1372(a). ZAPRORA SILENUS, Jordan. Head 5? in length to base of caudal; depth 44. D. LVI; A. 27; P. 20 to 22; C. 22; scales about 200-85. Greatest thickness of body about 7 its depth; length of caudal peduncle 1% in its least depth, which is 1,% in head. Eye 54 in head; snout 54; interorbital space 3; maxillary 23, end- ing under front of pupil; mandible 24, its depth 43; teeth about 4% on each side; lips, snout, and bones about eye naked; rest of head covered with small scales. Lower jaw with a thick lip, slightly fringed on its edge, and with a mesial frenum; the rounded tip entering the profile when the mouth is closed. Three large pores on each ramus of mandible; behind these 3 others in a line on horizontal limb of preopercle; 3 on verti- cal limb; 2 close together in front of eye; 1 near the nostrils, so similar to them that there seem to be 3 nasal openings; 7 on suborbitals; 4 in 2 rows behind eye; 1 above eye, and before upper edge of preopercle; a horizontal row of 5 along temporal region, the last and largest of all in opercular flap above gill opening; 1 at vertex; 1 between vertex and eye, and 2 on each side of nape. Gill rakers 8+ 20, the longest 4 eye. No trace of lateral line. Scales small, resembling those of a salmon, cover- ing the membranes of all the fins on the basal two-thirds. Pectoral as long as head, its base 24 in head; longest dorsal spine 12; caudal 1;'5; longest anal ray 12. Color in spirits uniform dusky, without markings on the body, the belly pale, and the side of the head irregularly blotched with lemon yellow, apparently bright in life, and brightest about the pores of the head. Coast of British Columbia; only the type, 29 inches long, known. (6¢1Aévos, adrunken demigod, covered with slime, in allusion to the open mucous pores. ) Zaprora silenus, JORDAN, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1896, 203, pl. 20, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island. (Type in Provincial Museum at Victoria. Coll. H T. Stainton.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2851 Page 982. Prof. Harrison Garman records Hlassoma zonatum from Wac- camaw River, Whitesville, North Carolina, and Little Pedee River, South Carolina. Vertebre 29; scales 34 to 36; D. IV, 9; A. III, 5. Page 1019. Under kk read: ‘‘ gill membranes narrowly or broadly con- nected.” Page 1047. Before Ulocentra insert: 1436(a). COTTOGASTER CHENEYI, Evermann & Kendal. Head 4; depth 6; eye 4 in head; snout 4; maxillary 3}; interorbital width 53. D. XI-12; A. IJ, 8; scales 7-56-6. Body rather stout, heavy forward, compressed behind; head heavy; mouth moderate, slightly oblique, lower jaw included, maxillary reaching front of pupil; premavxil- laries protractile. Cheeks, opercles, breast, and nape entirely naked; scales of body large and strongly ctenoid; lateral line complete, straight; median line of belly naked anteriorly, with ordinary scales posteriorly. Fins large; dorsals separated by a space equal to } diameter of eye; origin of spinous dorsal a little nearer origin of soft dorsal than tip of snout, its base about equal to length of head; longest dorsal spine 24 in head, the outline of the fin gently and regularly rounded; soft dorsal higher than spinous portion, the second to tenth rays about equal in length, scarcely 2 in head, the first, eleventh, and twelfth rays but slightly shorter than the others; anal moderate, its origin under base of third dorsal ray, the spines slender, the second a little longer than the first, whose length is 3} in head; longest anal rays about 2! in head; caudal lunate, the lobes more produced and pointed than usual among darters; pectorals long and pointed, the middle rays longest, about 1} in head, reaching tips of ventrals; ventrals well separated, not nearly reaching vent, the longest rays 1} in head. Color in alcohol, back dark brownish, covered with irregular spots and blotches of darker; side with about 8 or 9 large dark spots lying on the lateral line; belly pale; top of head dark; snout black; lower jaw and throat dark; a broad black line downward from eye to throat; cheek and opercles rusty; spinous dorsal crossed by a median dark line; ventrals blue black; other fins pale, but dusted with rusty specks. An examination of the 14 cotypes shows some variation in the species. In 2 examples there is a well-developed frenum, rendering the premaxillaries nonprotractile, and in a third specimen the frenum is partially developed; in some individuals the origin of the spinous dorsal is exactly midway between the tip of snout and origin of soft dorsal. The females and immature males are less highly colored than the adult male described above. Length 1 to 24 inches. _This species is most closely related to Cottogaster shumardi, from which it may be readily dis- tinguished by the shorter snout, the naked cheeks and opercles, the smaller soft dorsal, the smaller anal, and the different coloration. Fifteen examples of this interesting darter were obtained July 18, 1894, by Messrs. Evermann & Bean in the Racket River near Norfolk, St. Law- rence County, New York. It did not seem to be very common, as only 15 examples resulted from numerous hauls of the collecting seine. (Named for Mr. A. Nelson Cheney, State fish-culturist of New York, in recognition 2852 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. of his valuable contributions to our knowledge of the food and game fishes of that State.) : Cottogaster cheneyi, EVERMANN & KENDALL, bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Feb. 9, 1898), 129, pl. 8, fig. 8, Racket River near Noriolk, New York. (Type, No. 48781. Coll. Ever- mann & Bean.) Page 1049. After Ulocentra gilberti add: 1488(a). ULOCENTRA MEADIXE, Jordan & Evermann, new species. Head 34; depth 43; eye 34in head; snout 33; interorbital 5. D. X1I-12; A. II, 7; scales 7-48-6. Body rather heavy, somewhat fusiform; head large; snout blunt, decurved, profile rising abruptly to interorbital, thence nearly horizontal to origin of dorsal, from which it descends gently in a straight line to caudal peduncle; opercular spine small but sharp; mouth low, horizontal, rather large, the maxillary reaching vertical at front of orbit; premaxillaries protractile; branchiostegal membranes not con- nected, free from the isthmus; ventral fins close together, the space sepa- rating their bases about 4 diameter of orbit; fins all moderate; distance from tip of snout to origin of spinous dorsal 3 in body; spinous and soft dorsals close together, the space separating them about 2 in orbit; longest soft dorsal rays 14 in head, about equaling those of anal; the two anal spines of about equal length, the first the stouter; pectorals long, longer than head, their tips passing those of ventrals but not reaching vent; ventrals short, 1; in head; caudal slightly lunate when expanded. Scales rather large, strongly ctenoid; cheeks and breast naked; opercle scaled above, naked below; nape scaled; lateral line complete, straight; ventral line of body covered with ordinary adherent scales. Color in alco- hol, yellowish or olivaceous above and on sides, the back with 6 dark saddle-like blotches, the first just anterior to origin of spinous dorsal, the second under the fifth and sixth spines, the third under the last two spines, the fourth under the sixth and seventh soft rays, the fifth just pos- terior to the last dorsal ray, and the sixth, which is quite small, upon the caudal peduncle at the base of the caudal fin; sides blotched with dark, 6 to 8 larger dark blotches along side just below lateral line, sometimes more or less continuous with the dark dorsal blotches; a dark blotch at base of middle caudal rays; belly pale; top of head dark; a dark spot at lower posterior angle of eye and a smaller one back of it on upper edge of opercle; a dark band downward from eye; opercle dark; upper lip dark, interrupted by a light line at the symphysis; spinous dorsal pale, with a broad dark band through its lower third; soft dorsal crossed by 3 or 4 irregular lines of dark specks; caudal with about 4 broad dark cross bars; other fins pale. Length 2 inches. This species somewhat resem- bles U. gilberti, but differs from it in the larger head, stouter body, larger scales, naked cheeks, larger mouth, and in other respects. Known only from Indian Creek, basin of Powell River, east Tennessee, where 3 exam- ples were collected October 17, 1893. (Named for Mrs. Meadie Hawkins Evermanp.) Ulocentra meadie, JORDAN & EVERMANN, new species, Indian Creek, Cumberland Gap, Tennessee. (Type, No. 48903. Soll. Dr. R. R. Gurley.) Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2853 Page 1051. To the synonymy of Ulocentra simotera add: Etheostoma duryi, HENSHALL, Journ. Cin’ti Soc. Nat. Hist., April, 1889, 32, small tribu- tary of Tennessee River at Whiteside, Tennessee. (Type in Mus. Cin’ti Soc. Nat. Hist. Coll. Charles Dury.) Page 1089. To the synonymy of Htheostoma ceruleum add: Etheostoma formosa, HENSHALL, Journ. Cin’ti Soc. Nat. Hist., April, 1889, 32, small tribu_ tary of Tennessee River at Whiteside, Tennessee. (Type in Mus. Cin’ti Soc. Nat. Hist. Coll. Charles Dury.) . Page 1109. Add: 1501(a). APOGON ATRICAUDUS, Jordan & McGregor. Head 23; depth 3. D. VI-I,9; A. II, 8; scales largely ctenoid; eye 34 in head; second dorsal spine stoutest, about 2 in head; gill rakers 17, moderate, Body similar in shape to 4. retrosellus. Jaws reaching to posterior border of eye, 1? in head. Pectoral reaching to opposite front of anal, 1% in head. Color rosy, darkened with dusky points; more or less olivaceous above; head and throat verging on orange; first dorsal black; second dorsal rosy; caudal dusky, more or less flushed with rosy, other fins paler; no black spot on head or on base of caudal, there being no defi- nite markings anywhere except the dusky red of the tail. West coast of Mexico. Numerous specimens collected at San Benedicto, Socorro, and Clarion islands. Usual length 3 to 4 inches. (ater, black; cauda, tail.) Apogon atricaudus, JORDAN & McGREGOR, Rept. U.S. Fish Comm. 1898, Socorro, Clarion and San Benedictoislands. (Coll. R. C. McGregor.) Page 1125. Centropomus affinis can not be separated from C. ensiferus. Page 1148. To the synonymy of “pinephelus add: Phrynotitan, GILL, Stand. Nat. Hist., 01, 255, 1885 (Batrachus gigas). Page 1150. In the key under dd, read: Lower jaw strongly projecting. Page 1156. Add: 1551(a). EPINEPHELUS NIPHOBLES, Gilbert & Starks. Head 2? in body; depth 24. D. XI, 14; A. III, 9; scales 16-116-40; eye 5 in head; maxillary 2; third dorsal spine 2}; middle dorsal rays 2}; highest anal rays 2; third anal spine 3;};; pectoral 12; ventrals 14; caudal 1}. Form rather robust, moderately compressed; dorsal outline uniformly curved from tip of snout to caudal peduncle; mouth large, the maxillary reaching to below posterior orbital rim; lower jaw strongly projecting; teeth conical and sharp, in 1 or 2 bands at sides of jaws, 3 or 4 in front; upper jaw with a rather strong canine on each side of front; snout longer than eye; nostrils close together, the posterior one the larger, a little in front of the vertical from front of eye, the anterior in a short, wide tube with a flap behind; vertical and horizontal limbs of preopercle meeting at right angles, its edge with blunt serrz, those at angle enlarged; opercle with 3 flat spines before the flap; gill rakers moderate, nearly 4 eye, 8+16 in number. Top of head, orbitals, maxillary, and mandi- ble, naked; fine scales on checks and opercles; scales on body ctenoid; 2854 Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. fins without scales. Dorsal beginning a little in front of the vertical from pectoral base, the third spine a little the highest, but the ones behind it not much shortened; soft dorsal higher than spinous, its outline rounded ; pectoral rounded behind, reaching to below the base of eighth dorsal spine; third anal spine the longest, not nearly so long as the soft rays, the anal fin similar in shape to the soft dorsal; ventrals reaching past vent, scarcely to front of anal, their ends rounded, as are all the fins; caudal broadly rounded. Color in spirits brownish red, sides with clear- cut, distinct, white spots about as large as pupil, about 6 at base of dorsal, 6 or 7 along lateral line, following its arch, a horizontal series of 4 extend- ing back from opercular flap, about 3°from base of pectoral following curve of ventral outline, 2 at base of anal, 1 behind lower edge of caudal peduncle and 1 above anus; a well-marked streak above maxillary follow- ing its outline; lips colored like rest of head; dorsal dusky, with vague white spots; ventrals and anal nearly black, with a reddish tinge; ana! with a narrow white border below; pectoral and caudal uniform yellow- ish. Magdalena Bay, Lower California; only the type, 6 inches long. known. (vz¢0/7)>5, snowed over, from the white spots.) Epinephelus niphobles, GILBERT & STARKS, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1896, 442, Magdelena Bay, Lower California. (Type, No. 47582. Coll. Albatross.) Page 1164. Species 1558 should probably be called Alphestes chloropterus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). The name afer, given to a specimen from Guinea, may belong to some other species. Page 1168. Add: 1560(a). DERMATOLEPIS ZANCLUS, Evermann & Kendall. Head 2%; depth 2,5; eye 8 in head; snout 34; maxillary 3; mandible 2, D. XI, 19; A. ILI, 10; scales difficult to count, but about 30-130-35, those above lateral line counted obliquely backward and downward from origin of dorsal, those below from origin of anal upward and forward to lateral line. Branchiostegals 8; gill rakers 8 + 12, short and stout, the longest 1? in orbit. Body stout, compressed, oblong-elliptical, the dorsal and ventral outlines about equally curved; head moderate, the profile rising from tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin, thence descending in a regular, gentle curve to caudal peduncle; a depression above nostrils and a slight one on nape; interorbital very narrow, equal to orbit; mouth moderate, somewhat oblique; premaxillaries protractile; maxillary broad at tip, reaching ver- tical at posterior edge of the pupil; supplemental bone well developed; lower anterior edge of maxillary covered by the broad dermal flap of the premaxillary; eye small, high up; nostrils close together and close to eye, the anterior small and round, the posterior oblong-oval, much larger than the other. Small cardiform teeth on each jaw, those in front movable, scarcely canine-like; similar teeth on vomer and a long, narrow band on each palatine. Preopercle coarsely serrate, the serre short and blunt; more or less obscured by the skin; opercle with a broad dermal border, somewhat produced at lower angle. Fins all large; origin of dorsal slightly in advance of base of pectoral, its distance from tip of snout equal Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2855 to length of head; third dorsal spine longest, its length about 24 in head or 24 times length of first ray ; interspinal membranes of the spinous dorsal deeply incised, the anterior portion of each somewhat produced beyond its spine; soft dorsal high, the middle rays longest, 1} in head, the anterior portion of the fin gently convex, the posterior slightly concave; pectoral short, broad, and rounded, barely reaching origin of anal, the length 14 in head; ventral pointed, the second and third rays longest, 1} in pectoral, the fin somewhat falcate; anal fin strongly faleate, the fourth and fifth rays longest, longer than pectoral, 1} in head, 2} times length of last anal vay; second anal spine short, 5} in head; caudal shallowly lunate, the lobes 1} in head. Scales small, smooth, and thin, closely but irregularly imbricated; nape, opercles, and cheeks scaled, snout and lower jaw naked; bases of all the fins except the ventrals densely scaled; lateral line begin- ning at upper angle of opercle, gently arched above pectoral fin, following approximately the curvature of the back and on median line of caudal peduncle. General color of body in life brown, with large, irregular blotches of dirty white on back and upper part of sides, these blotches with small rusty spots; lower part of sides, belly, and caudal peduncle with irregular whitish spots; belly brassy brown; snout and nape with numerous small, round dark spots; cheek with large blotches of whitish overlaid with black and brassy spots; lips whitish, with dark spots; spinous dorsal blotched with white, olivaceous and black; soft dorsal brown, with numerous white spots and a few black ones, the posterior rays tipped with white and orange; anal olivaceous, with irregular white spots, greenish at edge, the produced rays black toward distal ends; pectoral dark olivaceous, with greenish white splotches, the edge yellowish; ven- tral rays greenish white, the membranes black; inside of mouth white; eye brown. Related to D. inermis (Cuvier & Valenciennes), but differing notably from that species in the shorter, stouter gill rakers, the emarginate caudal, the shorter anal spines, and the strongly falcate anal fin. Length 20 inches. Key West; only the type known. (Ca&yxAov, a scythe or sickle, from the falcate anal fin.) Dermatolepis zanclus, EVERMANN & KENDALL, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1897 (Feb. 9, 1898), 129, pl. 8, fig. 9, Key West, Florida. (Type, No. 48843. Coll. Drs. Evermann & Kendall.) Page 1186. Add: 1576(a). MYCTEROPERCA HOPKINSI, Jordan & Rutter. Head 23; depth 44. D. XI, 15; A. III, 11; scales about 125; eye 6 in head, 1} in snout. Body long, not much compressed; angle of preopercle sharply serrate; gill rakers 6+ 9, counting rudiments; nostrils close together, the posterior larger, with a horizontal septum across base; pro- file concave above nostrils; maxillary nearly to posterior margin of eye, 2\ in head; lower jaw projecting; 2 anterior canines of upper jaw very strong; third and fourth dorsal spines longest; posterior portion of anal truncate; caudal concave. Pectorals 2, ventrals 2}, and caudal 14 in head. Color of alcoholic specimen nearly uniform brownish, side of jaws paler; soft dorsal, anal, ventrals, and caudal with a narrow pale edging, 2856 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. these fins otherwise brownish olive, with a subterminal band of black; pectorals pale, darker in middle. Allied to Mycteroperca calliura, differ- ing in having fewer gill rakers, more slender body, smaller scales, and a less lunate caudal. Jamaica; only 1 specimen, 6 inches long, known. (Named for Timothy Hopkins.) Mycteroperca hopkinsi, JORDAN & RUTTER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1897, 105, Jamaica. (Type, No. 5073, L.S.Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. J. S. Roberts.) Page 1187. Insert: 1576(a). MYCTEROPERCA BOULENGERI, Jordan & Starks. Head 24 in length; depth 22. D. XI, 14 or 15; A. III, 9 or 10; scales about 90, 20 above and 42 below; snout 3} in head; maxillary 24; eye 5}; pectoral 13; ventral 17; longest anal ray 14; caudal 17; longest dorsal spine 24; gill rakers short, about 6-+-17, the longest about 3 eye; longest dorsal ray 2 in head. Body short and deep, compressed; head moderate, compressed, its profile not steep, nearly straight, a depression before eye. The supraoccipital and temporal crests are high, the supraoccipital crest extending to the posterior margin of orbit; the temporal crests are paral- lel to each other, and extending to pupil; interorbital space concave. Upper canines moderate, the lower quite small. Nostrils small, well sep- arated, the anterior slightly larger. Lower jaw very strongly projecting; maxillary reaching opposite posterior edge of pupil. Preopercle slightly notched, the angle slightly salient, with enlarged teeth. Dorsal not deeply notched, the fourth spine not much elevated; second dorsal high, not long, its angle not rounded; caudal scarcely lunate, the upper lobe long, the lower truncate; anal very high, strongly elevated, its posterior border incised, the anterior rounded; pectoral and ventral moderate. Seales smoothish, not very small. Color olive gray, covered everywhere with oblong irregular markings of black, between which the ground color forms rivulations; gray lines radiating from the eye; a black blotch below maxillary; pectoral olive yellow; other fins blackish, clouded with pale; first dorsal with faint small black spots. Mazatlan, Mexico. (Named for George Albert Boulenger, ichthyologist of the British Museum, in recog- nition of his epoch marking work on the Percoid fishes.) Mycteroperca boulengeri, JORDAN & SraRkKs, Fishes Sinaloa, 445, pl. 38, 1895, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico. (Type, No. 1621, L. 8. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Hopkins Exped. to Sinaloa ) Page 1235. The original type of Lobotes is surinamensis, not erate. Lobotes erate is a species distinct from L. surinamensis, inhabiting the coasts of India and China. Lobotes farkhari and L. incurvus are probably identical with L. erate, and all 3 should be erased from the synonymy of L. surinamensis. Page 1236. After Lobotes surinamensis add: The Lobotes of the Pacific coast of Central America is distinguished from the other known species, L. suwrinamensis and L. erate, by the small Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2857 size of the preopercular serrations, those at the angle not elongated and spine-like, even in the young. The following description is furnished by Dr. Gilbert: 1623(a). LOBOTES PACIFICUS, Gilbert, new species. (BERRUGATE.) Head 2? in length; depth 2} to 2); (to base of caudal rays); depth of caudal peduncle 2} in head. D. XII, 15; A. III, 11; pectoral 15. Scales 11-46 (+6 on base of caudal)-18; vertebree 12+ 12; Br. 6. Body more elongated than L. surinamensis, agreeing in this respect with L. erate, the depth less than } the length. Upper profile deeply concave at occi- put, thence strongly convex to front of dorsal; head shorter and narrower than in L. surinamensis, the interorbital width but slightly longer than snout, 3; to 4 in head (3{ to 3; in head in L. surinamensis). Eye small, 63 to 74 in head, 2 or 2;'> in interorbital width. Mandible strongly pro- truding, but without symphyseal knob; maxillary narrow, not concealed in closed mouth, its tip reaching vertical from middle of pupil, 2¢ to 2,3 in head. Upper jaw with a moderate villiform band of teeth, in front of which is a single series of conical, close-set canines; lower jaw with a sin- gle series, similar to outer series of upper jaw, and behind them a very narrow band of villiform teeth, which grow slightly larger toward sym- physis; palate toothless. Posterior margin of preopercle vertical, the angle protruding but little in the young. In 5 young examples, 7 to 11 inches long, the preopercular teeth are fine, acute, short, and inconspicu- ous, about as in species of Pomadasis. They increase but little in size toward the angle, where they are never spine-like; on lower limb they are perceptible only in the immediate vicinity of the angle, the remain- der of the horizontal limb being entire. In the adult the vertical limb is finely and evenly toothed, the angle and lower limb slightly roughened or entire; opercle with 2 short spinous points, behind the lower of which a narrow tongue-shaped process of the subopercle ex- tends to near the edge of opercular membrane; humeral process very weakly toothed, contrasting with the strong serrate condition in L. suri- namensis. Gill rakers short, 24 in eye in young, comparatively shorter in adults, 6 on vertical limb, all but one of which are broad, firmly fixed tubercles, 14 on horizontal limb, the anterior 2 or 3 tubercular. Spinous dorsal low, with gently rounded outline; notch between dorsals shallow, the eleventh spine } the length of the longest, which is contained 2 to 24 times in head in the young, 3 times in adults; when declined the spines are partially received within a scaly grove; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal with dorsal portions densely scaled and with series of scales running up on membrane to beyond middle of fin; soft dorsal and anal of equal height, forming bluntly rounded lobes, the longest rays of which are about + head in adults, 1} to 1} in young; third anal spine about 4 length of longest ray; pectorals shorter than ventrals, 2 to 24 in head; ventrals 14 in head in young, shorter in adults. Scales less strongly ctenoid than in L. surinamensis; tubes of lateral line mostly simple, occasionally with 1 to 3 branches. Color grayish or brownish, with plumbeous or silvery reflections. The youngest examples show faintly the dark streaks so con- 3030——102 2858 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. spicnous in young of L. surinamensis, viz, a pair running backward from interorbital space; a pair from upper posterior border of eye converging toward front of dorsal, and a broader band from eye downward and back- ward across cheek; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal uniform blackish, or the caudal with an ill-defined lighter edge; pectorals translucent; ventrals blackish. Abundant at Panama, where it is known as Berrugate. Lobotes auctorum, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., rv, 6, 1875; not of GUNTHER. Lobotes surinamensis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., 1, 1882, 110; GILBERT, 1. c., 112; JorDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 378; not L. surinamensis of BLocH. Lobotes pacificus, GILBERT, Fishes of Panama, 1898 MS., Panama. (Type, No. 5883, L. 8. Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. Gilbert.) Page 1238. After Priacanthus cruentatus add the following: 1625(a). PRIACANTHUS CAROLINUS, Lesson. This species is very close to Priacanthus cruentatus, distinguished by the larger spine on preopercle, which reaches the edges of the opercle and is 21 in eye; that of P. cruentatus not reaching opercle and measuring 4 in eye, its edge less rough. Body a little deeper than that of P. cruentatus; depth of the latter 3 in the length. In P. carolinus the depth is 2% in the length; caudal truncate. In color and general appearance the 2 species are similar. The distinctness of this species from P. cruentatus is very doubtful. Abundant at Clarion Island, where it was taken by Mr. R. C. McGregor. (carolinus, from Caroline Islands.) Priacanthus carolinus, LESSON, Voyage Coquille, Poiss., 204, 1826, Caroline Islands. Priacanthus schlegeli, HILGENDORF, Sitzgber. Ges. Naturf. 1879, 79, Japan. Page 1262. In the first line of the description of Neomenis vivanus read : Head 23 to 22; depth 2 to 3. D. xX, 14; A. III, 8 or 9; eye 43 in head; scales (7) 8-72-17, 50 pores. j Page 1264. After Neomenis vivanus add: 1639(a). NEOMENIS HASTINGSI, Bean. (Bermuda Silk Snapper.) Head 3; depth 3; least depth of caudal peduncle 9 in length of type to caudal base. D. X, 14; A. III, 8; V. I, 5; P. 16; scales 8 or 9-65-17. Maxillary reaching scarcely past front of eye, 3 in head. Vomerine teeth in an arrow-shaped patch, with a backward extension which is fully 4 as long as the eye; canines in upper jaw very feeble; 2 or 3 posterior teeth of mandible are weak canines; 7 rows of scales on cheeks, 9 rows on gill cover. Least interorbital width equal to eye, which is 14 in snout and 4 in head. Gill rakers 7+ 9, the one in the angle conspicuously longest, about 2 in eye. First dorsalspine 7 in head; fifth and longest spine about 3 in head; last dorsal spine equal to eye in length; longest ray of soft dorsal equal to maxillary, or 3 in head; first anal spine 8, the second and third about 4 in head, the second slightly longer than third; anal base nearly 24 in head; third and longest anal ray about equal to anal base; pectoral extending to vent; ventral not reaching vent by a space 4 as long as the eye. Colors in life, ground color vermilion, the upper parts over- Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2859 laid with coppery brown, lower parts vermilion; 4 or 5 narrow golden stripes below lateral line; caudal dark brown with a narrow black mar- gin; anal dusky, the spines and the membranes of last 2 rays pale; a narrow black blotch at pectoral base; ventral pale, somewhat mingled with dusky; membranes of spinous and soft dorsal uniformly dark; snout copper color; eye lemon yellow; pupil blue black; many scales, especially on front of body, with a minute brown dot at base; brownish spots on scales forming many oblique streaks above lateral line. Some living examples show a faint dark lateral blotch much like that of N. synagris, and similarly placed. In spirits the body is pink with the upper parts brownish; the dusky color remains on the anal and the black blotch at base ef pectoral; black margin of caudal: becoming merged with the gen- eral dark color of the fin. (Bean.) Most closely related to N. vivanus. Length of type 114 inches. Bermuda, where numerous specimens were obtained in 1897. (Named for General Russell Hastings of Soncy, Bermuda. ) Neomeenis hastingsi, BEAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., x, Article 11, 45, 1898, Bermuda. Page 1290. Under g read: Anal fin short, its rays III, 7 to III, 13. Page 1413. In first line of description of Cynoscion phoxocephalus for “A, ITI, 10” read ‘‘A. II, 10.” Page 1416. In last line of description of Sagenichthys ancylodon for ““companion”’ read “ comparison.” Page 1605. Instead of Chlorichthys read: €40. THALASSOMA, Swainson. Thalassoma, SWAINSON, Nat. Hist. Class. Fishes, 1, 224, 1839 (purpwreus). Julis, GUNTHER, Cat., Iv, 179, 1862; not of CUVIER & VALENCIENNES. The species of Thalassoma (pavo, unimaculatus, bifasciatus) examined have 3 anal spines, as is the case with the American species referred to Chlo- richthys. The first spine, small and hidden in the skin, is easily overlooked. There is therefore no distinction between Thalassoma and Chlorichthys, and all the American species must be referred to the former genus. The species will stand as follows: 2014. THALASSOMA LUCASANUM (Gill). 2015. THALASSOMA SOCORROENSE, Gilbert. 2016. THALASSOMA NITIDUM (Giinther). 2017. THALASSOMA NITIDISSIMUM (Goode). 2018. THALASSOMA STEINDACHNERI (Jordan). 2019. THALASSOMA BIFASCIATUM (Bloch). 2020. THALASSOMA GRAMMATICUM, Gilbert. 2021. THALASSOMA VIRENS, Gilbert. Page 1670. In Pomacanthus (P. paru, species examined by Mr. E. C. Starks) and Chetodon the air bladder is wholly contained in the body cavity, while in Holacanthus and Angelichthys (A. ciliaris species examined) it is posteriorly separated from the body cavity. The 2 latter genera con- 2860 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. stitute the subfamily Holacanthine, distinct alike from Chetodontine and Pomacanthine. Page 1717. Ceratacanthus, including Osbeckia, should stand as a valid genus distinguished from Alutera by the convex or lanceolate caudal. The species will then stand as follows: 2135. CERATACANTHUS SCHPFIL (Walbaum). 2136. CERATACANTHUS PUNCTATUS (Agassiz). 2137. CERATACANTHUS SCRIPTUS (Osbeck). 2138. ALUTERA MONOCEROS (Osbeck). Page 1741, line 17, read: Swainson takes “‘xav0a” to mean spine, not “aeuavoa,” which is the correct word for spine. There is no classical warrant for Cantherines and Canthigaster, unless derived from xav6os, the ass. Page 1776. In sixth line from bottom read ‘‘increased” for ‘‘self.” Page 1786. Note on Sebastodes rufus: This species is ovate in form, like S. ovalis, from which it differs in color and form of mouth and head. Its depth is 2} in length, not 3%, as stated (through misprint) by Dr. Eigenmann. A fine specimen before us was taken by Dr. Gilbert off San Diego. Page 1790. The type number of Scebastodes hopkinsi is 2282, not 2286. Page1795. Thesubgenus Zalopyr does not include Sebastodes atrorubens nor S. atrovirens. These 2 species belong in the subgenus Losicola. Page 1799. In first line under Sebastodes crameri for ‘‘P. 1935” read Jl EY Page 1805. After line 4 add: (intro, within; niger, black.) Page 1815. The type of Sebastodes zacentrus came from Albatross Sta- tion 2946, not 2996. Page 1829. After line 2 insert Subgenus Sebastosomus. Page 1831. Specimens of Sebastodes taczanowskii were obtained in 1896 by the Albatross at the Kuril Islands, and this species should therefore go in the regular text. Page 1832. After line 15 insert Subgenus Sebastomus. Page 1833. Before Sebastodes matsubare (Hilgendorf) insert Sub- genus Zalopyr. Page 1833. In fifth line from bottom insert Subgenus Pteropodus after “‘nebulosus.” Page 1836. In key at bottom of page,to a add: mouth plumbeous within. To aa add: mouth black within. Page 1837, line 2, for ‘‘Cardonniera” read ‘‘Cardouniera.” For “Scorfanudi Funal” read ‘‘Scorfana di Funal.” Page 1840. Above ‘‘a. Breast scaly,” insert Parascorpena (zapa, near; to Scorpena). Before 2236. Scorpena agassizii, Goode & Bean, insert Subgenus Parascorpena, Bleeker. Page 1850. In last line of synonymy of Scorpena mystes for 1501 read 1601, Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2861 Page 1854. After Scorpwna inermis add: 2247(a). SCORPENA NEMATOPHTHALMUS (Giinther). Head 3 in total length; depth 3}; eye 4 in head; snout rather less than 4. D. XII, 10; A. III, 5; scales 40 or 41. Dorsal outline much arched at greatest depth of body. Eye placed high, entering upper outline of head. Intermaxillaries styliform, armed, like the dentaries, with a rather narrow band of villiform teeth; band of vomerine teeth angularly bent, produced forward at the angle; maxillaries styliform at superior extremity, moder- ately dilated at the lower. Head scaled to posterior angle of orbit above and to the preorbital and angle of mouth laterally. Spines on head very prominent and acute in the young, more obtuse in older examples; 2 tur- binal spines; on each side of the occiput a series of 5 spines between orbit and nape; 2 between eye and scapula; preorbital armed with 2 strong, recurved spines at the inferior margin; 3 spines on interorbital ridge; preopercular margin rounded, with 4 spines, the uppermost and strongest opposite end of interorbital ridge; opercle with 2 flat spines; a pair of spines at throat. The only skinny appendage is a long, slender, tapering filament above posterior angle of orbit. Origin of dorsal immediately behind vertical from suprascapula, its distance from occiput equaling length of first spine, which is about } length of second; third and fourth spines longest, 23 in head; the following spines gradually decreasing to the eleventh, which equals the first; twelfth spine much longer, appar- ently belonging to the soft portion, which is supported by it; margin of soft portion rounded, very little higher than the spinous, posteriorly fixed to the back of the tail by a membrane; caudal subtruncated; origin of anal somewhat behind that of soft dorsal, its second spine strong, rather longer than the third dorsal, and with a longitudinal groove; pectoral reaching anal; ventral reaching vent. Scales of moderate size, rather irregularly arranged. Color probably uniform red. Supposed to be from the West Indies. (Giinther.) Only the type known. (va, thread. OPadpos, eye.) Sebastes nematophthalmus, GUNTHER, Cat., 111, 99, 1860, West Indies; the exact locality unknown. (Coll. Sir R. Schomburgk.) Page 1862. Anoplopoma fimbria is occasionally taken off Santa Catalina in deep water. A specimen was seen by us at Redondo Beach. Page 1866, line 7 from bottom, read “always,” not “usually.” Page 1867. In the key, b should read as follows: b. Fourth line of pores forking in advance of base of ventrals, the lower branch running to base of ventral fin, the upper to middle of ventral. OCTOGRAMMUS, 2259. In the footnote for ‘‘ Keinosuke Otaki” read “‘ Keinoske Otaki.” Page 1879, line 27, for ‘‘jointed” read “joined.” Line 37, after ‘“‘hypercoracoid” add ‘‘and hypocoracoid.” Page 1880. In the key read: m. Lateral line armed with a series of bony plates; preopercular antler-like processes usually numerous. 2862 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Page 1881. The key should be modified to read: q- Interorbital space deeply concave or grooved. Head with cirri (in lateralis), or without (in asperulus). ARTEDIUS, 712. A better distinction between Artedius and Axyrias is found in the pres- ence of patches of ctenoid scales on the head in the latter. Page 1884. In line 19, for Hexagrammide read Zaniolepidine. Page 1898. ‘The type number of Jcelinus strabo is 5045, not 5451. Page 1902. Ariedius asperulus is better separated from A. lateralis by the coalescence of the bands of scales behind the dorsal and their con- tinuance upon the caudal peduncle. In the description of the genus Artedius the bands of scales are said not to meet behind the dorsal. This applies to A. lateralis only. Page 1902. To the description of Artedius add: No patches of ctenoid scales on the head. Page 1903. To the description of Artedius asperulus add: Head with- out cirri. Page 1906. The type of Artediellus atlanticus is No. 448 L.S. Jr. Univ. Mus. Page 1940. In the key, under a, add: Preopercular spine with 3 hooks above. Under aa, add: Preopercular spine with 6 or 7 hooks above. Page 1958. Cottus aleuticus extends southward in the Coast Range to Monterey. Page 1964. In key under h for “anal” read ‘‘axil.” Page 2000. After Porocottus tentaculatus add: 2371(a). POROCOTTTUS BRADFORDI, Rutter, new species. Head 3; depth 3? to 44; eye 4. D. IX, 15* or 16; A.11to 13; P.13 or 14; B.6. Head broad, somewhat depressed; bones of head cavernous; lower jaw included, maxillary to below middle or hinder edge of pupil, 2} in head; teeth in jaws and in a narrow crescent on vomer; eye equal to snout; nasal spines blunt, covered by the skin; no ocular, opercular, nor suprascapular spines; preopercular spines 3, upper slender, curved inward, lower straight, pointing downward, middle 1 short and blunt, a mere tubercle; a very slight tubercle represents the fourth spine belonging to the genus; no slit behind last gill; 3 pairs of cirri on top of head, 1 above eye, multifid, another at occiput, single or bifid, the other between them, trifid to multifid; a minute barbel on tip of maxillary; whole top and side of head, lower jaw, and edge of preopercle thickly covered with pores; a double series of pores, 34 to 36 each, along lateral line with many acces- sory pores, these arranged in groups of 1 to 5 between the pairs of the o D. A. Hin TAY Ri sdesceice nee seein s ate TX,15 | CX, 16 | CX, 17) Via | 12 | 13 Number specimens ......---- OP Si jie” 12 1 1 1 22 2 Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2863 e lateral line; nostrils with short tubes; dorsals united at base, the spines with short filaments, middle spines 3 in head, middle rays of soft dorsal 2} in head; candal and ventrals 12 in head, ventrals usually reaching vent or anal, but sometimes falling short of each; pectoral 1} in head, reach- ing to or beyond anal. Color dusky, below colorless, a pale bar across occiput (often absent), another between dorsals, 2 across body under soft dorsal and another behind soft dorsal; sometimes the pale color predomi- nates and the dusky portion is left as 4 bars; sometimes plain dusky with- out cross bars; spinous dorsal dusky with 3 or 4 colorless spaces on the web; other fins barred with series of dusky blotches, ventrals sometimes colorless ; 5 to 8 oval white spots behind pectoral, sometimes obscure; males with inner ray or rays of ventral tuberculate or serrate. This species differs from Porocottus sellaris in the presence of cirri on top of head; it has more numerous fin rays and more cirri on head than Porocottus quad- rifilis. This species is the most common fish in the rock pools at Karluk, where many specimens were taken. These are in the U. S. National Museum, in the collection of the U. 8S. Fish Commission, and in that of Leland Stanford Junior University. (Named for Mr. William B. Bradford, secretary of the Alaska Packers’ Association, from whom the collector received many favors. ) Page 2015. Before Oxycottus insert the following: 745(a). SIGMISTES, Rutter, new genus. Siqgmistes, RUTTER, MS., new genus (caulias). This genus differs from Oxycottus, to which it is most closely related, in the deep compressed body, strongly arched lateral line, long dorsal fin, and large mouth. Body deep and compressed; skin smooth; lateral line complete, strongly arched anteriorly; gill membranes united, free from isthmus; noslit behind last gill; preopercular spine simple, short, strongly curved upward, anal papilla large; vent immediately behind ventral fins, about # of distance from gill membrane to anal; ventralraysI,3. (6iyua, the letter S, from the form of the lateral line.) 2382(a). SIGMISTES CAULIAS, Rutter, new species. Head 32; depth 34. D. IX, 20 (IX, 21 in 1 specimen); A. 15 (14 in each of 2 specimens); P. 13. Back elevated, body compressed; eyes lateral, 44 in head; snout 3; cleft of mouth lateral; maxillary 2in head, reaching to below pupil (only a little past front of eye in 1 specimen). Teeth coarse, cardiform, the inner row of upper jaw enlarged, almost canine- like; a similar pair in inner series of mandible, near symphysis; a smal] patch on vomer, and 1 on front of palatines; preopercular spine small, sharp, appressed, strongly curved upward, the preopercular margin with- out spines or tubercules below it; nostrils in short tubes, 1 pair directly behind nasal spines, 1 pair lateral, directly in front of eyes; nasal spines strong, sharp; a pair of tufted cirri above eyes, a pair simple or branched at occiput, and a pair of simple ones halfway between these; a filament on nasal spine, a series of 3 or 4 short ones on margin of preopercle and 1 2864 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. at opercular angle; a series of pores around under side of jaw and along edge of preopercle, 2 concentric series under eye and across cheek, and others scattered on head behind eyes; skin smooth, lateral line strongly arched. Dorsal fins connected at base, third spine longest, 2? in head, margin of fin even from third to sixth spines, origin of spinous dorsal over upper edge of gill opening; soft dorsal higher, longest rays 2 in head, base of soft dorsal ? length; tips of anal rays all free, longest 2} in head; origin of anal under third ray of soft dorsal; longest pectoral ray a little longer than head; caudal truncate, 14 in head; ventral about reaching anal, about same length as anal papilla; tail slender, least depth slightly less than eye, length from anal 1! in head, its length from dorsal about equal to its depth. Color in life, pale pinkish; spinous dorsal dusky, nearly black along margin; soft dorsal plain or with dusky cross bars; anal with about 7 dusky cross bars, extending downward and forward almost at right angles to the rays; 3 or 4 pale blotches surrounded by a black ring along base of dorsal, 1 between dorsals, 1 at end of soft dor- sal, and others at base of soft dorsal (some or all sometimes absent); a curved dark line from snout through eye to preopercular spine. Six speci- mens, 1 each 2, 2}, and 3 inches long, and 3 1} inches long. From the rock pools at Karluk, on the Island of Kadiak. Coll. Cloudsley Rutter. The type is in Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. Cotypes are in the U.S. Fish Commission and U.S. National Museum. (xa@vAos, stem, from the many dorsal rays. ) Page 2015. In third line under Oxycottus acuticeps instead of “region” read ‘‘reaching.” Oxycottus is much nearer Blennicottus than Oligocottus, and perhaps is best placed as a subgenus of Llennicottus. There is no slit behind the last gill in any of the species. In the snbgenus Oxycottus should be placed: 2383. BLENNICOTTUS ACUTICEPS (Gilbert). 2384. BLENNICOTTUS EMBRYUM (Jordan & Gilbert). Page 2042. In line 9 for Phalangistes substitute Brachyopsis. Page 2051. In first line of footnote, for ‘Dr. Gilbert” read “Scofield & Seale.” Page 2071. Inline 14 of the description of Averruncus sterletus read “upward,” not ‘‘downward.” Page 2108. The synonymy on this page and the last synonym on page 2107 all belong with the footnote. Page 2113. The type number of Neoliparis greeni is 3019, not 3010. Page 2128. Before Bathyphasma insert the following: 785(a). CRYSTALLICHTHYS, Jordan & Gilbert, new genus. Orystallichthys, JORDAN & GILBERT, new genus (mirabilis). Closely allied to Liparis, but with nostril single. A single dorsal fin; a well-developed sucking disk; wide bands of teeth, many of which are trilobate near tip; an inferior mouth, much overhung by the produced Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2865 conical snout; a single nostril, corresponding to the anterior nostril of other Liparids, the posterior opening being wholly wanting. The typical species, C. mirabilis, differs from all known species of Liparis except L. cyclostigma in its large size, compressed form, and translucent gelatinous texture. (xpvoraddos, crystal; 7x6vs, fish.) 2458(a). CRYSTALLICHTHYS MIRABILIS, Jordan & Gilbert, new species. Head 4 in length; depth 21; snont 2} in head; eye 3} in snout; width of mouth } length of head; length of gill slit } snout, equaling distance from front of eye to front of nostril tube; P.33. Head and body com- pressed, especially along upper profile, which descends in a gentle, nearly even curve to tip of snout; lower profile less curved, nearly straight and horizontal on anterior third of body; snout conical, tapering to a sharp tip, its lower profile nearly horizontal, protruding beyond the mouth for a distance (measured axially) equaling ? its length; mandibular symphysis vertically below nostril tube; upper jaw strongly arched anteriorly, the mandible much shorter, nearly transverse in position. When the mouth is closed, there is exposed the entire width of the thick upper lip and the anterior portion of the band of fringes which precedes the premaxillary teeth. Teeth slender, shorter than in Liparis cyclostigma, arranged in about 25 oblique series in the } of each jaw; the posterior longer teeth more or less distinctly 3-lobed in both jaws, the anterior teeth shorter, ‘simple. A deep cleft on lower side of snout running from its tip to front of premaxillaries, deepening backward, opening into the deep groove above premaxillaries; from base of cleft arises a high free fold, the sharp edge of which nearly reaches the margins of the cleft; a series of 3 large pores along each side of this cleft, with 3 more equally spaced on each side and parallel with front of mouth; belonging to this series but distant from them and much smaller, is another on middle of cheek below eye, and 1 halfway between eye and middle of gill slit; a pore behind eye, and a series of 4 on each side of nape complete the pores of the head; no pore in the position of the posterior nasal open- ing; a second series of 6 on each side of mandible and preopercle; no other pores on head. Nostril single, in a distinct wide tube, as long as the diameter of pupil; distance from eye to angle of mouth 3+ in head; vertical from angle of mouth, passing through front of orbit. Gill cleft narrow, reaching base of first pectoral ray, its length 43 in head. Lateral line rising in an abrupt curve from upper end of gill opening, decurved again behind pectorals, to reach middle of sides, on the posterior half of which it becomes obsolete; anteriorly the lateral line is accom- panied above by a second series of pores which is not curved, but runs straight forward from just above the summit of the curve. Dorsal and anal fins enveloped anteriorly in thick gelatinous tissue, so that their points of origin and number of fin rays can not be determined, the fins high, the longest anal ray equaling length of snout and eye; 32 dorsal and 33 anal rays can be distinguished in the posterior transparent portions of the fins, the total number of rays being greater; last anal ray joining outer caudal ray at middle of length of the latter; dorsal joined narrowly to 2866 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. base of caudal at end of basal seventh of outer caudal ray; longest caudal ray 24in head; lower 7 pectoral rays thickened, forming a lobe, the distal third of each ray free from the membrane; longest pectoral. ray 1} in head; disk of moderate size, anteriorly placed, its posterior margin under the gill slit, its length 4 that of head. Color translucent, apparently light grayish or purplish in life, the dorsal region, including dorsal fin, marked with many large round spots, probably reddish in life, each spot sur- rounded with a faint darker ring. A large species, soft and gelatinous in texture, the color translucent grayish or purplish, marked on back with many large light circles which were probably reddish in life. Type, a specimen 330 mm. long, from ococse woe ees CIV, PERCOpPSsID», 783. . Dorsal, anal and ventral without distinct spine. . Head naked. J. Branchiostegals 6 to 20. - Dorsal fin long and high, of about 24 rays. LXV, THYMALLID&, E17. <. Dorsal fin moderate, of fewer than 20 rays. . Stomach with many pyloric ceca, LXIV, SALMONID#, 460. . Stomach with few pyloric ceca; size small. LXVI, ARGENTINID&, 519. . Branchiostegals 3 or 4; mouth very small. LXVII, MicROSTOMATID®, 527. . Head scaly on sides. . Maxillary very narrow, Subrienery or obsolete; hypocoracoids not divergent. <2 22-52-5522. LXVIII, Sy NODONTIDE, 532. . Maxillary well developed, dilated behind; pectorals normal; hypocoracoids mostly divergent. LXIX, AULOPODIDA; 541. . Pseudobranchiz absent. . Pectorals normally formed, teeth incisor-like or else rudimentary ; pseudobranchiz absent...-.. XXXIX, CHARACINID#, 331. 2875 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. . Pectorals not normally formed. . Pectorals undivided, subhumeral; pseudobranchie absent. LXX, BENTHOSAURIDA, 543, . Pectoral rays elongate, arranged in two groups. LXXI, BATHYPTEROIDID#, 544, . Sides of body with photophores more or less developed. . Barbel at throat present, very long; body naked. LXXVIII, ASTRONESTHID2, 586. . Barbels none. . Vertebral spines projecting through skin of back before dorsal fin; body short and deep, greatly compressed. LXXXIV, STERNOPTYCHID2, 603. . Vertebral spines not exserted in front of dorsal. . Pseudobranchie present. . Premaxillaries forming entire margin of upper jaw; body scaly; opercles complete. . Form elongate, the snout pointed, barracuda-like; photophores Very Small 53a scn seins oe LXXXIII, PARALEPIDID#, 599. . Form oblong, the snout not much produced; photoephores con- spicuous. ---- oe re a oe LXXV, MycTorpHip#, 550. . Premaxillaries not forming the whole margin of upper jaw, the maxillary entering into it; body naked; opereular appa- ratus incomplete.--..-.--.---- LXXVI, MAUROLOCID2, 576. . Pseudobranchiz absent; mouth large, with canine teeth; scales deciduous or wanting...LXXVII, CHAULIODONTIDA, 578. . Back without adipose fin. . Back with a single dorsal fin made up of rays and not preceded by a series of free spines or followed by finlets. . Tail evidently strongly heterocercal. . Body naked; snout with aspatulate blade; mouth wide, without baebels ctcccescce ne eee eae XXX, POLYODONTID, 101. . Body with 5 series of body shields; mouth, inferior, toothless, preceded by 4 barbels -------- XXXI, ACIPENSERID, 102. . Body scaly. . Seales cycloid; a broad bony gular plate; dorsal fin many rayed. XXXIII, AMIIDz, 112. . Scales ganoid; no gular plate; dorsal fin short. XXXII, LEPISOSTEID2, 108. . Tail not evidently hetorocercal. . Tail tapering to a point, without caudal fin; anal fin very long, of about 200 rays; body scaly. LXXXVI, HALOSAURID&, 606. . Tail not tapering to a point; caudal fin developed. . Body naked. . Throat with a long barbel; no caudal filament; mouth large. , Barbel treciatiipe 22-25. o CLXXVIII, HEXAGRAMMID#, 1863. . Nostrils 2 on each side; dorsal fins 2, separate, except in the genus Frilepis ........CLXXVII, ANOPLOPOMATID#, 1861. Suborbital stay wanting; cheeks not mailed. . Spinous dorsal transformed into a sucking disk on top of head, composed of 8 to 30 transverse plates. CLXXXIX, ECHENFIDID#&, 2265. . Spinous dorsal (if present) not transformed into a sucking disk. . Dorsal spines all or nearly all disconnected from each other. . Body elongate, spindle-shaped..CX XVII, RACHYCENTRID#, 947, . Body oblong or ovate, compressed. . Caudal peduncle very slender, the fin widely forked; preopercle ONGITS + 45554562 Si ee ee ee = CXXV, CARANGID#, 895. Caudal peduncle stoutish, the fin little forked. . Gill membranes free from the isthmus; preopercle serrulate. CXXXIV, CENTROLOPHID®, 962. . Gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus; preopercle entire. CLXIV, Eruiprip ®, 1666. Dorsal spines (if present) all, or most of them, connected by membrane, . Pectoral fin with 4 to 9 lowermost rays detached and filiform. CIX, POLYNEMID.®, 827. OO. Pectoral fin entire. P. Dorsal and anal each with 1 or more detached finlets. Q. Anal preceded by 2 free spines.......- CXXV, CARANGID, 895. QQ. Anal not preceded by 2 free spines. R. Caudal peduncle keeled ....-......... CXVIII, ScomBrip&, 863. RR. Caudal peduncle not keeled............CXIX, GEMPYLID&, 877. PP. Dorsal and anal without finlets. . Lateral line armed posteriorly with a series of keeled plates; 2 free anal spines; gill membranes free from isthmus. CXXV, CARANGID.®, 895. . Lateral line armed posteriorly with a sharp, movable, lancet- like spine, or with a few bony tubercles; scales small, rough; gill membranes adherent to isthmus. : CLXVII, TEUTHIDID#, 1688. . Lateral line unarmed, T. Throat with 2 long barbels (placed just behind chin); dorsal PIS et peered odo a ee een Be De See Le. CXVII, MuLLIDA, 855. . Throat without long barbels. . Head with a short bony horn before each eye; gill membranes united to isthmus; scales very small, rough. CLXVI, ZANCLID#, 1687. . Head without bony prominence or horns. . Anal fin preceded by 2 free spines (these obsolete in the very old, joined by membrane in the very young). . Preopercle entire; teeth moderate if present. CXXYV, CARANGID, 895. . Preopercle serrate; teeth unequal, some of them very strong. CXXVI, PoMATOMID#, 945. . Anal fin not preceded by free spines. . Nostril single on each side; lateral line interrupted; lower phar- yngeals united. 2880 éé. dd. Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. . Anal ‘spines'2. 2222. Sos, Sees CLIX, POMACENTRID&, 1543. . Anal spines3to11. Fresh-water fishes. CLVIII, CICHLIDA, 1512. . Nostril double on each side. . Lateral line extending to tip of middle rays of caudal. . Anal spines 3, the second strong. . Dorsal fins 2, separate; body elongate. CXLV, CENTROPOMID#, 1116. . Dorsal fin*continwous® 22c2 2 -e see see on CL, H2&MULIDZ&, 1289. . Anal spines 1 or 2, the second large or small. CLV, Sciznip&, 1392. . Lateral line not extending beyond base of caudal fin. . Gills 34, the slit behind the last very small or wanting. . Mouth not vertical, the lips not fringed; dorsal tin continu- ous, the spines 8 to 18; scales eycloid; lower pharyngeals united. . Teeth in each side of each jaw united, forming a sort of beak. CLXI, Scarip#, 1620. Teeth distinct or nearly so, the anterior usually more or less CANINE: 2 52 2 CS ee aes CLX, LaBRID#, 1571. Mouth nearly vertical, the lips with fleshy fringes; dorsal divided, the spinous part short, of about 4 spines; lower pharyngeals separate ....CXCVII, URANOSCOPID2, 2305. . Gills 4, a long slit behind the fourth. . Teeth setiform, like the teeth of a brush; body elevated, lon- ger than deep, the soft fins completely scaled; gill mem- branes attached to the isthmus. . Dorsal fin continuous.......----- CLXV, CHZETODONTIDA, 1669. . Dorsal fin divided .-... 42 os. tec eee CLXIV, EPHIPPID2, 1666. . Teeth not setiform. . Body deeper than long, covered with rough scales; dorsal spines 8; anal spines 3; soft fins very long. CLXIII, Caproip2, 1663. . Body longer than deep. . Gill membranes broadly joined to isthmus; body long and low; no lateral line>.2.0--e-28ees: CLXXXVII, GoBIIDs, 2188. . Gill membranes free from isthmus or very nearly so. . Premaxillaries excessively protractile, their basal process very long, in a groove at top of cranium. . Teeth small; scales large, silvery; spines strong. CLIII, GerRRID»#, 1366. . Teeth none; spines slender -.....-..--.-. CLII, Manipz, 1364. . Premaxillaries moderately protractile or not protractile. . Lower pharyngeals united; scales large; anal fin with 3 spines and more than 15 soft rays; preopercle entire. (Vivip- arous fishes of the Californian fauna. ) CLVII, EmMBioTocib#, 1493. . Lower pharyngeals separate. . Body elongate, not compressed, covered with hard grooved scales; jaws box-like..CXXXVIII, TETRAGONURID#, 975. . Body not as above. . Lateral line incomplete or interrupted, running close to dorsal fin; dorsal spines very slender, continuous with the soft rays; body low, covered with small scales; anal fin very long. . Anal rays fewer than 30; maxillary produced behind. CXCI, OPISTHOGNATHID, 2279. . Anal rays more than 30; maxillary not produced behind. CXCII, BATHYMASTERID, 2287. . Lateral line, if present, not as above. . Seales circular, cycloid, nonimbricate, each with 1 or 2 erect spines; dorsal spines obsolete. CXII, STEPHANOBERYCID®, 835. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America. 2881 pp. q: Yr. Tr. 79- 8. t. tt. UU. cee. d. dd. Scales not as above. Anal fin much longer than dorsal; body much compressed, the belly prominent. Dorsal spines none; scales cycloid..CXI, BATHYCLUPEID®, 834. Dorsal spines few, graduated; anal spines 3. CXXXIX, PEMPHERIDID#, 977. Anal fin not much, if any, longer than dorsal. Pseudobranchie wanting or covered by skin. Dorsal fin of soft rays, only beginning as a crest on the head; caudal widely forked. Pelagic fishes. CXXIX, CORYPHAENID, 951. Dorsal fin with spines anteriorly, not beginning on the head. Fresh-water fishes. . Anal spines 3 to 10. . Dorsal spines 6 to 12; lateral line well developed. CXLI, CENTRARCHID®, 984, v. Dorsal spines about 4; no lateral line; length less than 2 inches. CXL, ELAssoMATID, 981. Anal spines 1 or 2; body oblong or elongate; length less than 8 DUCHESS ete. See GEO O to Ries CXLIII, Percipa, 1015. . Pseudobranchiz developed. . Spinous dorsal of 2 or 3 short spines only; anal without spines; scales small, smooth-.....----- CXLVI, SERRANIDA, 1126. . Spinous dorsal, if present, not as above. . Opercle ending in a long scaly flap; snout depressed, spatulate; mouth very large, the lower jaw projecting. CXCIV, CHANICHTHYIDA, 2293. . Opercle not ending in a long scaly flap; snout not greatly de- pressed, . Pectoral fin broad, its lower rays thickened and not branched. CLVI, CrirrHITID&, 1490. . Pectoral rather narrow at base, its lower rays branched, like the others. . Dorsal fin continuous, the spines few, slender; maxillary usually with an enlarged tooth behind; nape sometimes with an adipose appendage; anal fin long, even. CXC, MALACANTHID&, 2274. . Dorsal fin continuous or divided, not as above. . Perch-like fishes, the caudal peduncle not very slender, the scales well developed, ctenoid or cycloid; the dorsal with dis- tinct spines; the anal with at least 1 spine, its soft rays usually few. . Maxillary not sheathed by the preorbital, or only partially cov- ered by the edge of the latter; ventral with its accessory scale very small or wanting; pectoral without accessory scale; sheath at base of spinous dorsal little developed; vomer usually with teeth; opercle usually ending in a spine. . Precaudal vertebr with transverse processes from the third or fourth to the last; ribs all but the last 1 to 4 sessile, inserted on the centra behind the transverse processes; anal spines 3; species silvery in color, the dorsal deeply notched, with 10 spines; vertebrie 10+ 15—25. CXLII, Kuniiup», 1013. Precaudal vertebre normal, anteriorly without transverse pro- cesses; all or most of the ribs inserted on the transverse processes when these are developed. Anal spines 2 or 1; pseudobranchi:e small; preopercle with a hook-like spine below; vertebrz increased in number (30 to 46). Fresh-water fishes. .----- CXLIII, Percip#, 1015. Anal spines 2, rarely 3; vertebrie 24 or 25; dorsal fin divided. Marine tishes os... 222.a.2<< CXLIV, CHEILODIPTERID®, 1105. Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Anal spines 3, never 2 nor 1; dorsal fin continuous or divided; Anal fin shorter than dorsal; head not everywhere covered with rough scales; postocular part of head not shortened. CXLVI, SERRANID#, 1126. Anal fin scarcely shorter than dorsal and similar to it; head and body everywhere covered with rough scales; body deep, compressed, the posterior part of head shortened. CXLVIII, PRIACANTHID#, 1236. Vomer without teeth; dorsal fin continuous; body deep, com- pressed (Aes o ul asee eee ee CXLVII, Losorip 2, 1235. . Maxillary slipping for most of its length under the edge of the preorbital, which forms a more or less distinct sheath; ventrals with an accessory scale; opercle without spines; maxillary without supplemental bone; anal spines 3, . Fishes carnivorous; intestines of moderate length; teeth in jaws not all incisor-like; vertebre usually 24 or 25, . Vomer with teeth, these sometimes very small; maxillary long. CXLIX, LUTIANIDA, 1241. Vomer without teeth; palatines and tongue toothless. . Teeth on sides of jaws not molar; maxillaries formed essentially as in the Serranide@; preopercle mostly serrate. CL, H#MULIDZ&, 1289. Teeth on sides of jaws molar; maxillaries peculiar in form and in articulation; anterior teeth conical or else more or less incisor-like; preopercle entire...CLI, SparRID®, 1343. Fishes herbivorous; intestinal canal elongate; anterior teeth in jaws incisor-like; no molars or canines; premaxillaries moderately protractile........--CLIV, KyPHosip#, 1380. Mackerel-like fishes, with the caudal peduncle usually very slender, the fin widely forked, the scales various, usually not ctenoid; the dorsal spines various, anal fin long. . Seales tirm, linear, parchment-like; body compressed; bones of head rough; dorsal spines few; mouth small. CXXXVII, GRAMMICOLEPIDID®, 973. k. Dorsal spines numerous, most of them produced in long fila- ments; pectorals very long-.CXXIV, NEMATISTIIDE, 894. ;. Dorsal spines mostly low, not more than 2 of them filamentous. . Dorsal fin very long, all the rays soft; skeleton soft. CXXXVI, IcosTEID®. $68. CXXVIII, NoMEID#, 948. . Seales ciliate; jaws with canines. ..CXXVI, POMATOMID#, 945. CXXXIII, STEINEGERUID2, 960. . Seales minute, body oblong, the shoulder girdle moderate. CXXXIV, CENTROLOPHID#, 962. . Seales rather large, firm; body broad, ovate, the shoulder girdle very strong :2 222 ake eee CXXXII, BRAMID®, 956. 30dy scaleless, smooth or armed with tubercles, prickles, or 2882 ddd, vertebrie 24 to 35. e. Vomer, and usually palatines also, with teeth. fs che ee. bb rarely 2. g h hh. i ii 99. ad. j jj. Seales not linear, mostly cycloid. kk l ll. Dorsal fin with 3 or more spines. m. Dorsal fin divided, the spines 6 to 12 innumber. n. Scales weak, cycloid; jaws without canines. mn nnn. Scales firm, each with a median ridge; no canines. mm. Dorsal spines 3 or 4, the fin not divided. 0 00 BB scattered bony plates. C. Breast with a sucking disk. . Gillmembrane free from the isthmus; no spinous dorsal; a large sucking disk between the ventral fins. CXCIX, GoBIEsocID®, 2326. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2883 DD. Gill membranes joined to the isthmus; a sucking disk formed of the ventral fins. E. Skin perfectly smooth; spinous dorsal not distinct. CLXXXIII, LipaRipID&, 2105. Skin with tubercles or spines, or else with a distinct spinous TTP) alee Ee ee CLXXXII, CycLorTERID&, 2094. . Breast without sucking disk. . Gill membranes broadly attached to the isthmus. . Ventrals completely united. ...--. CLXXXVIII, Gosups#, 2188. . Ventrals widely separated; body depressed; preopercle with a Strong spine <-.-.----. CLXXXVII, CALLIONYMID#, 2184. . Gill membranes nearly or quite free from the isthmus. . Anal preceded by 2 free spines (these lost with age; connected by membranes in the very young)..CXXV, CARANGID#, 895. . Anal without free spines. . Dorsal and anal fins followed by finlets. CX VIII, SCOMBRID&, 863. . Dorsal and anal without finlets. . Suborbital with a bony stay; no free anal spines. CLXXIX, CorTTip#, 1879. . Suborbital without bony stay. . Mouth very large, nearly horizontal, the teeth sharp; no pseudo- man ehie sss ers oe Bes CXCILII, CHIASMODONTID#, 2291. . Mouth large, nearly vertical; body compressed; preopercle armed with spines.....--- CXCV, TRICHODONTID&, 2295. . Gill openings small, behind, above, or below the pectoral fins, which are more or less pediculate. . Gill openings in or behind upper axil of pectorals; mouth small. CCXXIV, OGCOCEPHALIDE, 2735. . Gill openings in or behind lower axil of pectoral; mouth large. . Head compressed; no pseudobranchiz. CCXXII, ANTENNARIID#, 2715. . Head depressed; pseudobranchiie present. CCXXI, Lorn, 2713. IIl.— VENTRAL FINS PRESENT, THORACIC OR JUGULAR, THE NUMBER OF RAYS NOT DEFINITELY I, 5. . Eyes unsymmetrical, both on the same side of head. . Eyes large, well separated; edge of preopercle usually evident. CCXIX, PLEURONECTID#&, 2602. . Eyes small, very close together; edge of preopercle hidden by skin; mouth very small.......--. CCXX, SoLeipz, 2692. . Eyes symmetrical, one on each side of the head. . Ventral rays with or without spine, the number of soft rays more than 5. . Caudal fin wanting; scales spinous..CCXV, MacrouriIp &, 2561. . Caudal fin well developed. . Tail isocercal, the vertebrie progressively smaller to base of cau- dal; ventrals jugular; no spines in any of the fins. . Jaws and vomer with strong canines; second dorsal and anal deeply notched; no barbel..CC XIII, MERLUCCIID&, 2529. . Jaws and vomer without distinct canines; chin usually with a yacbela* See ae ery eve ae CCXIV, GapiIp&, 2531. . Tail not isocereal, the last vertebre not reduced in size. . Ventral rays about 15; dorsal fin single, elevated. CXXX, LAMPRIDIDZ, 953. GG. Ventral] rays I, 3 or I, 5; dorsal very high. CXXXI, PTERACLIDIDA, 955. GGG. Ventral rays I, 6 to I, 10; dorsal with spines. 2884 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. . Vent anterior; dorsal spines 3 or 4; scales ctenoid. CV, APHREDODERIDA, 785. . Vent normal. . Chin with two long barbels, behind symphysis; dorsal continu- ous, with 5 spines .....:-..--.- CXVI, POLYMIXIIDZ, 854. . Chin without barbels. . Dorsal fin divided, the anterior part of a single slender spine; ventrals elongate ee CCXI, BREGMACEROTIDA, 2525, . Dorsal fin divided, the anterior part of many spines. . Body covered with firm serrated scales; anal spines 4; dorsal spines not elevated.......---- CXV, HOLOCENTRID#, 845. . Body naked or covered with small scales, besides bony plates or Warti3 i eee ioe eee CLXII, ZuIpz, 1659. . Body uniformly covered with cycloid scales ; dorsal spines mostly very high and filamentous. CXXIV, NEMATISTIID#, 894. . Dorsal fin continuous, its spines 2 to 8. L. Suborbitals narrow, not covering the cheeks. CXIV, BERYCID£, 837. . Suborbitals very broad, covering the cheeks. CXIII, TRACHICHTHYID#, 836. . Ventral fins with or without spine, the number of soft rays fewer than 5. . Gill opening before the pectoral fin. . Anal fin present; caudal fin not directed upward. . Upper jaw not prolonged into a sword. - Dorsal fin with some spines or simple rays. . Dorsal fin without soft rays, composed of spines only. CC, BLENNIIDA, 2344, . Dorsal fin with soft rays anteriorly, with spines posteriorly ; gill membranes joined to isthmus..CCVI, ZOARCID®, 2455. . Dorsal fin of spines anteriorly, with soft rays posteriorly. - Dorsal spines all separate and unconnected; body scaleless, naked, or with bony plates; ventral with a sharp spine. XCVII, GASTEROSTEIDA, 742. . Dorsal spines connected by membrane. . Suborbital with a bony stay, extending across the cheek, to or toward the preopercle, the cheek sometimes entirely coy- ered with a coat of mail. . Pectoral fin divided into 2 parts, 1 of them very long; head bOnys. esther eee oe CLXXXVI, CEPHALACANTHID2, 2182. . Pectoral fin not divided. . Body entirely covered with an armor of bony plates; head bony. CLXXXI, AGONID#, 2031. . Body naked, or more or less rough or scaly, not entirely covered by bony plates. . Gill opening very small, not extending below upper edge of pectoral; skin everywhere prickly; head very large, bony above s3- 3oi5sJeeses eset CLXXX, RHAMPHOCOTTID&, 2029. . Gill opening large, extending dow nward nearly or quite to lowest pectoral ray...--...-.-. CLXXIX, CoTTipz, 1879. . Suborbital without bony stay. . Dorsal spines 2 to 4 only; head very broad, depressed; gills 3; gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus. . Ventrals each a strong spine; teeth incisor-like; scales shagreen- M6 hoe oe ee ee CLXVIII, TRIACA NTHID®, 1697. . Ventrals not reduced each to a single spine. CXCVIII, BATRACHOIDID&, 2313. . Dorsal spines numerous; gills 4. . Gill membranes separate, free from the isthmus. . Body greatly elongate; lower jaw with a slit at base to permit free motion; lips not fringed. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2885 Z. Soft dorsal and anal with a distinct lobe anteriorly, distinct from spinous part. .--...-...-..-CXIX, GEMPYLID&, 877. . Soft dorsal and anal without anterior lobe, continuous with SPMOGUS Pals 5 sc cs= eee cet ee CXX, LEPIDOPODIDS, 884. . Body moderately elongate; opercles and lips fringed; eyes supe- OBA R Af se'sse.s Hae ee CXCVI, DACTYLOSCOPIDZ, 2297. . Gill membranes broadly united, attached to the isthmus or not. . Gill opening moderate or large. .....----- CC, BLENNUD, 2344. . Gill openings very small, reduced to oblique slits before the pechotal: ANS 56sec e 63-25-68 = CCIII, CERDALIDA, 2448, . Dorsal fins of soft rays only. . Breast with a large sucking dish between ventral fins. CXCIX, GOBIESOCID#, 2326. . Breast without sucking disk. . Body covered with a coat of mail; dorsal very short. CLXXXI, AGONID#, 2031. . Body not mailed; dorsal many-rayed. . Lateral line and base of dorsal beset with prickles; skeleton very soft; body compressed ...CXXXVI, IcosTEID.®, 968. ce. Lateral line unarmed. d. Tail isocercal, the vertebral column pointed behind, the last vertebre very small; hypercoracoid not perforate; no pseudobranchiz. e. Caudal fin present.----..----- Bates Soa CCXIV, Gapip#, 2531. ee. Caudal fin wanting...........-..---- CCXV, MacRourID. ®, 2561. dd. Tail not isocercal, truncate at base of. caudal; hypercoracoid perforate. f. Gill membranes joined to the isthmus; pseudobranchiz present. g. Ventral fins under shoulder girdle. .....CCVI, ZoARcIDa&, 2455, . Ventral fins inserted below the eyes. CCVII, DEREPODICHTHYID, 2480. . Gill membranes free from the isthmus. . Ventral fins inserted below or before the eyes; pseudobranchie generally well developed .-.-.-- CCVIII, Opuipim#, 2481. . Ventral fins inserted below shoulder girdle; no pseudobranchive. CCXI, BroruLipz, 2498. . Upper jaw prolonged into a bere sword; dorsal fin long and high; size large -..........-.-CXXII, ISTIOPHORID#, 890. . Anal fin wanting; caudal fin distorted or directed upward; body ribbon-like. . Ventral fins each of a few slender rays. CCXVII, TRACHYPTERID, 2597. . Ventral fins each reduced to a long slender filament. CCXVI, REGALEcCID#, 2595. , Ps . Gill openings behind the pectoral fins. . Gill openings above and behind pectorals; month small, low. CCXXIV, OGCOCEPHALID®, 2735. . Gill openings below and behind pectorals; mouth large, nearly VOLUCA ce Sona ee Sac CCXXII, ANTENNARIID4, 2715. IV.—VENTRAL FINS WHOLLY WANTING. . Premaxillary and maxillary wanting or grown fast to the pala- tines; body greatly elongate, eel-shaped; gill openings restricted to the sides; scales minute or wanting; scapular arch not attached to the skull. Eels. B. Gill openings not very far behind cranium; gape not inordi- nately distensible; gill arches 4 pairs. . Gill openings well developed, leading to large interbranchial slits; tongue present; opercles and branchial bones well developed; scapular areb present. 2886 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. EE. JJ. . Skin covered with rudimentary embedded scales, usually linear in form, arranged in small groups, and placed obliquely at right angles to those of the neighboring groups; pec- torals and vertical fins well developed, the latter confluent about the tail; Jaterai line present; posterior nostril in front of eyes; tongue with its margins free. E. Gill openings well separated; branchiostegals long, bent up- ward behind. . Gill openings lateral and vertical; snout conic, the jaws not very heavy; gape longitudinal; lips thick; lower jaw pro- jecting; teeth in cardiform bands on jaws and vomer; eggs minute. ..............-...-XLIII, ANGUILLIDZ, 346. . Gill openings horizontal, inferior. . Snout very blunt, with very strong jaws; gape transverse; lips obsolete; teeth blunt, in 1 series, on jaws only. XLIV, SIMENCHELYIDZ, 348. . Snont conical and slender, the jaws of moderate strength; gape lateral; lips obsolete; tongue but little developed; teeth acute, in bands on jaws and vomer. XLV, ILYOPHIDIDA, 349. Gill openings inferior, very close together, apparently confluent; branchiostegal rays abbreviated behind; head conical; tongue small; posterior nostrils in front of eye. XLVI, SYNAPHOBRANCHID#, 350. . Scales wholly wanting; eggs (so far as known) of moderate size, much as in ordinary fishes. . Tip of tail with a more or less distinct fin, the dorsal and anal fins confluent around it; the tail sometimes ending in a long filament. Coloration almost always plain, brown- ish, blackish, or silvery, the fins often black-margined. . Posterior nostril without tube, situated entirely above the upper li . Tongue broad, largely free anteriorly and on sides; vomerine teeth moderate. . Pectoral fins well developed; body not excessively elongate; lower jaw not projecting; anterior nostril remote from OVC Less oo sete le tae XLVII, LEPTOCEPHALID#, 352. Tongue narrow, adnate to the floor of the mouth or only the tip slightly free; vomerine teeth well developed, sometimes enlarged. . Jaws not attenuate and recurved at tip; gill openings well separated; anterior nostril remote from eye. M. Pectoral fins well developed; skin thick; skeleton firm; snout MM. LL. Ve HH. moderate; tail not ending in a filiform tip. XLVIII, MURENESOCID#, 358. Pectoral fins wholly wanting; snout and jaws much produced, the upper longer; jaws straight; skin thin and skeleton weak; tail ending in a filiform tip; gill openings small, subinferior; teeth sharp, subequal, recurved, a long series on the vomer. Deep-sea eels, soft in body, black In; Colors... se=deet= aaa cee XLIX, NETTASTOMATID, 364. Jaws long and slender, tapering to a point, recurved at tip; nostrils large, both pairs close in front of eye; gill open- ings convergent forward, separate or confluent; pectorals and vertical fins well developed; membranes of fins thin, not enveloping the rays; skeleton well developed. Deep- Bea GOlS!=- 2 vc cane See aes L, NEMICHTHYID&, 366. Posterior nostril close to the edge of the upper lip; tongue more or less fully adnate to the floor of the mouth; teeth sub- BUA es ccc ceo ate eee eee leGleceeeee LI, Myrip&, 370. Tip of tail without rays, projecting beyond the dorsal and anal fins (not filiform); posterior nostril on the edge of the Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 288% CC. BB. OO. AA. upper lip; anterior nostril near tip of snout, usually in a small tube; tongue usually adnate to the floor of the mouth. Coloration frequently variegated. LU, OPHICHTHYID#, 372. Gill openings small, roundish, leading to restricted interbranchial slits; tongue wanting; pectoral fins (typically) wanting; opercles teebly developed; fourth gill arch modified, strengthened, and supporting pharyngeal jaws. . Scapular arch obsolete or represented by cartilage; heart not far back; pectorals wanting; (skin thick; coloration often VALLOSALEC) (5. asc5 acne seit ceee ee LIII, MURENID&, 388. Gill openings far behind cranium; gape of mouth inordinately distensible; gill arches 5 or 6 pairs; tail excessively long, tapering to a point. . Distance from gill opening to vent much greater than that from tip of snout to gill opening. LIV, SACCOPHARYNGID#, 405. Distance from gill opening to vent much less than from tip of snout to gill opening.-...... LV, EURYPHARYNGID&, 406. Premaxillary and maxillary present, often immovably united to rest of cranium. P. Gill openings united in a single slit below throat; no pectoral fins; body eel-shaped....-.-...- XLI, SYMBRANCHID#, 342. Gill openings not united in a longitudinal slit. . Dorsal fin wanting; anal fin very long; vent near the head; cau- dal obsolete; body band-like...... XL, GYMNOTIDA, 340. . Dorsal fin present. R. Body eel-shaped, contracted at the neck; the vertical fins con- fluent around the tail; premaxillary and maxillary im- movably united to the skull.. XLII, DERICcCHTHYID»#, 343. RR. Body eel-shaped, ending in a long filament, longer than rest of body. x: No. anal. ‘orjcaudal fin... 2... -- CCXVIII, STYLEPHORID#, 2601. XX. No caudal fin; anal present.......CCIV, PTILICHTHYIDZ, 2451. RRR. Body not truly eel-shaped. 8. Gill openings far behind pectoral fins; mouth oblique, very large; spinous dorsal represented by fleshy tentacles. CCXXIII, CERATIDZ, 2727. . Gill openings before pectoral fins. . Gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus, restricting the gill openings to the sides. . Snout tubular, bearing the short, toothless mouth at the end; ody martled | 22% 2S. oeiges fase 2 CIII, SYNGNATHID 2, 760. . Snout not tubular. . Breast without sucking disk. . Dorsal fin single, of spines or undivided rays only. . Jaws and vomer with coarse molar teeth. CCII, ANARHICHADID®, 2445, . Jaws and vomer without molars. . Mouth nearly vertical; dorsal spines slender, rather high. CCI, CRYPTACANTHODID#, 2442. . Mouth not nearly vertical; dorsal spines moderate or low, some or all of them usually pungent.....CC, BLENNIID#, 2344. . Dorsal fins 2, the anterior of spines, the posterior of soft rays; body short and deep. . Spinous dorsal of 2 or 3 spines; scales rather large, rough or OUI. ose: te ees ieee CLXIX, BAListTIDz, 1698. . Spinous dorsal of 1 or 2 spines; scales minute, rough, forming a velvety covering. -.......CLXX, MONACANTHID#, 1712. . Dorsal fin continuous, of soft rays only. - Body oblong or elongate, the back not elevated; dorsal and anal joined to caudal. 2888 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, eé. py: *. Vent-at the throat. . Vertical fins confluent; body clongate, almost eel-shaped. 14: . Pectoral rather narrow, the lower rays similar to the others. CCVI, ZOARCID®, 2455. . Pectorals very broad, the lower rays procurrent and produced ab tip ss 2c eer as CLXXXIII, Liparipip#, 2105. . Body short, not elongate; dorsal and anal free from caudal. ». Teeth in each jaw confluen nto 1. . Body compressed, rough ._--....--.---- CLXXV, Mo1Lipe, 1752. . Body not compressed, spinous .... CLXXIV, DiopONTID&, 1742. -c. Teeth in each jaw confluent into 2. >. Back broadly rounded. ........CLXXII, TETRAODONTID#, 1726. . Back with a sharp median ridge. CLXXIII, CANTHIGASTERID 4, 1740, ‘ce. Teeth separate; body enveloped in a bony box. CLXXI, Ostraciips#, 1721. Breast with a sucking disk. . Skin perfectly smooth; dorsal continuous or slightly notched. CLXXXII, LipaRipip#&, 2105. Skin more or less tubercular; dorsal usually divided. CLXXXII, CYCLOPTERIDs#, 2094. Gill membranes free from the isthmus. CCX, FIERASFERID#, 2494, . Vertical fins separate; body oblong, scaly. XCII, AmbBiyorsip, 702. . Vent posterior, not at the throat. . Candal fin wanting; body naked, greatly elongate. CXXI, TRICHIURIDE, 888. . Caudal fin present. . Upper jaw prolonged into a sword; size very large. CXXIII, X1pHup#, 893. . Upper jaw not prolonged into a sword. . Belly with a series of bony scutes along its edge; body much COMPTOSSO! x22 ence 2 eRe ee ee aeree LXI, CLUPEID#, 417. j. Belly not armed with scutes. 3 . Mouth inordinately large, formed like the mouth of a whale, with sharp teeth; no scales... LXXIV, CETOMIMID2#, 548. . Mouth not inordinately large, not peculiar in form. . Body ovate, much compressed. Scales small, cycloid, silvery..---. CXXXV, STROMATEID®, 964. Scales wanting; caudal peduucle very slender. CXXXVI, IcosTEID.2, 968. . Body oblong or elongate, much longer than deep. . Gill membranes broadly united; teeth present. Dorsél fin. of spines onl yce_ 224225) =e CC, BLENNIID®, 2344. . Dorsal fin of soft rays only; body eel-shaped. CCV, ScYTALINID®, 2453. Dorsal fin single, the posterior half of soft rays, the anterior of spines; body elongate, covered with small scales. CC, BLENNUD®, 2344. Dorsal fins 2, the anterior of slender spines, posterior soft, body Naked:uo22 Slat Cogs ee CLXXIX, CortTip#, 1879. Gill membranes separate. . Jaws toothless, the lower jaw projecting; body scaly, with cross folds‘of skingsv.. 5,22. s(-'-cSene seo CX, AMMODYTID&, 831. Jaws with teeth. . Body naked, withont folds of skin; no pseudobranchiz. CCIX, LycopapopibE, 2491. Body with small scales; pseudobranchiwe present; head with very large mucous pores; lower jaw very strong. CXXXVIb, ZAPRORIDE, 2849, GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS.* Abdomen. Belly. : Abdominal. Pertaining to the belly; said of the ventral fins of fishes when inserted considerably behind the pectorals, the pelvic bones to which a al fins are attached having no connection with the shoulder girdle. : Abortive. Remaining or becoming imperfect. Actinosts. A series of bones at the base of the pectoral rays. Acuminate. Tapering gradually to a point. Acute. Sharp-pointed. Adipose fn. A peculiar, fleshy, fin-like projection behind the dorsal fin, on the backs of salmons, cattishes, etc. Adult. A mature animal. 2 Airbladder. A sac filled with air, lying beneath the backbone of fishes, corresponding to the lungs of higher vertebrates. Alisphenoid. A small bone on the anterior lateral wall of the brain case. Amphicelian. Double concave; said of vertebree. Anadromous. Running up; said of marine fishes which run up rivers to spawn. Anal, Pertaining to the anus or vent. Anal fin. The fin on the median line behind the vent, in fishes. Anchylosed. Grown firmly together. Angular. A small bone on the posterior end of the mandible. Antrorse. Turned forward. Anus. The external opening of the intestine; the vent. Arterial bulb. The muscular swelling, at the base of the great artery, in fishes. Articular. The bone of the mandible supporting the dentary. Articulate. Jointed. Atlas. The first vertebra. Atrophy. Noudevelopment. Attenuate. Long and slender, as if drawn out. Auditory capsule. The ventrolateral swelling of the skull. Barbel. An elongated fleshy projection, usually about the head, in fishes. Basal. Pertaining to the base; at or near the base. | Basibranchials. A lower median series of bones of the branchial arches. Basioccipital. A median posterior ventral bone of the skull to which the atlas is attached. Basis cranii. Formed by shelves of bone developed from the inner sides of the prootics which meet and form a roof to the myodome and a floor to the brain cavity. Bicolor. Two-colored. Bicuspid. Having 2 points. Brachial ossicles. Synonymous with actinosts, q. v. Branchie. Gills; respiratory organs of fishes. Branchial, Pertaining to the gills. Branchihyals. Small bones at base of gill arches. Branchiostegals. The bony rayssupporting the branchiostegal membranes, under the head of a fish, below the opercular bones, and behind the lower jaw. *In the preparation of this Glossary the authors are indebted to Mr. Edwin Chapin Starks for valuable assistance. 3030——104 2889 2890 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, Bristle. A stiff hair, or hair-like feather. Buccal. Pertaining to the mouth. Caducous. Falling off early. Cecal. Of the form of a blind sac. Cecum. An appendage of the form of a blind sac, connected with the ali- mentary cana] at the posterior end of the stomach, or pylorus. Canines. The teeth behind the incisors—the ‘‘eye-teeth;” in fishes, any conical teeth in the front part of the jaws, longer than the others. Cardiform (teeth). Teeth coarse and sharp, like wool cards. Carinate. Keeled; having a ridge along the middle line. Carotid. The great artery running to the head. Carpus. The wrist. Catadromous. Running down; said of fresh-water species which run down to the sea to spawn. Caudal. Pertaining to the tail. Caudal fin. The fin on the tail of fishes and whales. Caudal peduncle. The region between the anal and caudal fins in fishes. Cavernous. Containing cavities, either empty or filled with a mucous secretion. : Centrum. The body of a vertebra. Cephalic fins.. Fins on the head of certain rays; a detached portion of the pectoral. Ceratobranchials. Bones of the branchial arches just below their angle. Ceratohyal. One of the hyoid bones. Chiasma. Crossing of the fibers of the optic nerve. Chin. The space between the rami of the lower jaw. Ciliated. Fringed with eyelush-like projections. Cirri. Fringes. Claspers. Organs attached to the ventral fins in the male of sharks, skates, etc. Clavicle. The collar bone, or lower anterior part of shoulder girdle, not entering into socket of arm. Compressed. Flattened laterally. Condyle. Articulating surface of a bone. Coracoid. The principal bone of the shoulder girdle in fishes; otherwise a bone or cartilage on the ventral side, helping to form the arm socket. Synonymous with hypercoracoid, q. v. Cranial. Pertaining to the cranium or skull. Ctenoid, Rough-edged; said of scales when the posterior margin is minutely spinous or pectinated. Cycloid. Smooth-edged; said of scales not ctenoid, but concentrically striate. Deciduous. Temporary; falling off. Decurved. Curved @ownward. Dentary. The principal or anterior bone of the lower jaw or mandible, usually bearing the teeth. Dentate. With tooth-like notches. Denticle. A little tooth. Depressed. Flattened vertically. Depth. Vertical diameter (usually of the body of fishes). Dermal. Pertaining to the skin. Diaphanous. Translucent, Distal. Remote from point of attachment. Dorsal. Pertaining to the back. Dorsal fin. The fin on the back of fishes. Emarginate. Slightly forked or notched at the tip. Endoskeleton. The skeleton proper; the inner bony framework of the body. Enteron. The alimentary canal. Epibranchials. The bones directly above the angle of the branchial arches. Epihyal. One of the hyoid bones. Epipleurals. Rays of bone attached to the ribs and anterior vertebre usually touching the skin in the vicinity of the lateral line. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2891 Erectile. Susceptible of being raised or erected. Ethmoid. A median anterior bone of the skull. Exoccipitals. Two bones of the skull, 1 on each side of the foramen magnum. Exoskeleton. Hard parts (scales, scutes) on the surface of the body. Exserted. Projecting beyond the general level. Extralimital. Beyond the limits (of this book). Facial. Pertaining to the face. Falcate. Scythe-shaped; long, narrow, and curved. Falciform. Curved, like a scythe. . Fauna. The animals inhabiting any region, taken collectively. Femoral. Pertaining to the femur, or proximal bone of the hinder leg. Filament. Any slender or thread-like structure. : Filiform. Thread form. Fontanel. An unossified space on top of head covered with membrane. Foramen. A hole or opening. Foramenmagnum. The aperture in the posterior part of the skull for the passage of the spinal cord. Forehead. Frontal curve of head. Forficate. Deeply forked; scissors-like. Fosse (nasal). Groves in which the nostrils open. Frontal bone. Anterior bone of top of head, usually paired. Fulcra. Rudimentary spine-like projections extending on the anterior rays of the fins of ganoid fishes. Furcate. Forked. Fusiform. Spindle-shaped; tapering toward both ends, but rather more abruptly forward. Ganglion. A nerve center. Ganoid. Scales or plates of bone covered by enamel. Gape. Opening of the mouth. Gill arches. The bony arches to which the gills are attached. Gill openings. Openings leading to or from the branchiz. Gill rakers. A series of bony appendages, variously formed, along the inner edge of the anterior gill arch. Gills. Organs for breathing the a'r contained in water. Glabrous. Smooth. Glossohyal. The tongue bone. Graduated (spines). Progressively longer backward, the third being as much longer than the second as second is longer than first. ‘ Granulate. Rough with small prominences. Gular. Pertaining to the gula, or upper foreneck. Hemal ing An arch under a hemal spine for the passage of a blood vessel. Hemal canal. The series of hzemal arches as a whole. Hemal spine. The lowermost spine of a caudal vertebra, in fishes. ie occa Appendages on the lower side of abdominal vertebrix, in shes. Height. Vertical diameter. Heterocercal. Said of the tail of a fish when unequal; the backbone evi- dently running into the upper lobe. Homocercal, Said of the tail of a fish when not evidently unequal; the pias apparently stopping at the middle of the base of the cau- dal fin. Humerus. Bone of the upper arm. Hyoid. Pertaining to the tongue. Hyoid appardtus. Formed by a series of bones extending along the inner side of the mandible and supporting the tongue. Hyomandibular. A bone by which the posterior end of the suspensorium is articulated with the skull; the supporting element of the suspenso- rium, the mandible, the hyoid apparatus, and the opercular apparatus. Hypercoracoid. The upper of the 2 bones attached to the clavicle, indi- rectly bearing the pectoral fin. 2892 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Hypleural. The modified last vertebra supporting the caudal fin. Hypobranchials. Bones of the branchial arches below the ceratobranchials. Hypocoracoid. The lower of the 2 bones attached to the clavicle behind. Hypohyals. Small bones, usually 4, by which the respective sides of the hyoid apparatus are joined. Imbricate. Overlapping, like shingles on a roof. Imperforate. Not pierced through. Inarticulate. Not jointed. Incisors. The front or cutting teeth. Inferior pharyngeals. Synonymous with pharyngeals, q. v. Infraoral. Below the mouth. Interhemal spines. Elements supporting the anal fin. Interhamals. Bones to which anal rays are attached, in fishes. Interhyal. Upper hyoid bone attached to hyomandibular, Intermusculars. Synonym of epipleurals, q. v. Interneural spines. Elements supporting the dorsal fins. Interspinous bones. The interneurals and the interhemals. Intermaxillaries. The premaxillaries; the bones forming the middle of the front part of the upper jaw, in fishes. Interneurals. Bones to which dorsal rays are attached, in fishes. Interopercle. Membrane bone between the preopercle and the branchios- tegals. Interorbital. Space between the eyes. Interspinals. Bones to which fin rays are attached (in fishes); inserted between neural spines above and hemal spines below. Isocercal (tail). Last vertebrie progressively smaller and ending in median line of caudal fin, as in the codfish. Jugular. Pertaining to the lower throat; said of the ventral fins, when placed in advance of the attachment of the pectorals. Keeled. Having a ridge along the middle line. Lacustrine. Living in lakes. Lamelle. Plate-like processes like those inside the bill of a duck, Larva. An immature form, which must undergo change of appearance before becoming adult. Lateral. To or toward the side. Lateral line. A series of muciferous tubes forming a raised line along the sides of a fish. Lateral processes. Synonym of parapophyses, q. v. Laterally. Sidewise. Lunate. Form of the new moon; having a broad and rather shallow fork. Mandible. Under jaw. Mazilla, or maxillary. Upper jaw. Mazxillaries. Outermost or hindmost bones of the upper jaw, in fishes; they are joined to the premaxillaries in front, and usually extend farther back than the latter. Mesethmoid. Synonym of ethmoid, q. v. Mesopterygoid. A bone of the suspensorium. Metapterygoid. A bone of the suspensorium, or chain supporting the lower jaw. Molars. The grinding teeth; posterior teeth in the jaw. Muciferous. Producing or containing mucus. Myocomma. A muscular band. Myodome. Cavity under the brain cavity for the reception of the rectus muscles of the eye. Nape. Upper part of neck, next to the occiput. Nares. Nostrils, anterior and posterior. Nasal. Pertaining to the nostrils. Nasal plate. Plate in which the nostrils are inserted. Neural arch. An opening through the base of the neural spine for the passage of the spinal cord. Jordan and Evermann,—Fishes of North America, 2893 Neural canal, The neural arches as a whole. Neural processes. Two plates rising vertically, 1 on-.each side of the centrum of the vertebra, which unite toward their ends and form a spine. Neural spine. The uppermost spine of a vertebra. Nictitating membrane. The third or inner eyelid of birds, sharks, etc. Notochord. A cellular chord which in the embryo precedes the vertebral column. Nuchal. Pertaining to the nape or nucha. Obsolete. Faintly marked; scarcely evident. Obtuse. Blunt. Occipital. Pertaining to the occiput. Occipital condyle. That part of the occipital bone modified to articulate with the atlas. , Occiput. Back of the head. Ocellate. With eye-like spots, generally roundish and with a lighter bor- der. Oid (suffix). Like; as Percoid, perch-like. Opercle, or operculum. Gill cover; the posterior membrane bone of the side of the head, in fishes. Opercular bones. Membrane bones of the side of the head, in fishes. Opercular flap. Prolongation of the upper posterior angle of the opercle, in sunfishes. Opisthocelian. Concave behind only; said of vertebrxe which connect by ball-and-socket joints. Opisthotic. A bone of the skull to which the lower limb of the post- temporal usually articulates. Orbicular. Nearly circular. Orbit. Eye socket. Osseous. Bony. Ossicula auditus. Bones of the ear, in fishes. Osteology. Study of bones. Oviparous. Producing eggs which are developed after exclusion from the body, as in all birds and most fishes. Ovoviviparous. Producing eggs which are hatched before exclusion, as in the dogfish and garter snake. Ovum. Egg. Palate. The roof of the mouth. Palatines. Membrane bones of the roof of the mouth, 1 on each side extending outward and backward from the vomer. Palustrine. Living in swamps. Papilla. A smail fleshy projection. Papillose. Covered with papille. Parapophyses. The lateral projections on some of the abdominal vertebre to support ribs. Parasphenoid. Bone of roof of mouth behind the vomer. Synonym of pre- frontal. * Parietal. Bone of the side of head above. Parotic process. A posterior lateral process of the skull formed by the pterotic and opisthotic. Pectinate. Having teeth like a comb. Pectoral. Pertaining to the breast. Pectoral fins. The anterior or uppermost of the paired fins, in fishes, cor- responding to the anterior limbs of the higher v ertebrates. Pelagic. Living on or in the high seas. Pelvic girdle. The bones supporting ¢ the ventral fins or pelvies. Pelvis. The bones to which the hinder limbs (ventral fins in fishes) are attached. Perforate. Pierced through. Peritoneum. The membrane lining the abdominal cavity. 2894 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, Pharyngeal bones. Bones behind the gills and at the beginning of the cesophagus of fishes, of various forms, almost always provided with teeth; usually 1 pair below and 2 pairs above. They represent a fifth gill arch. Pharyngobranchials. Upper elements of the branchial arches, usually bearing teeth. Pharyngognathous. Having the lower pharyngeal bones united. Physoclistous. Having the air bladder closed. Physostomous. Having the air bladder connected by a tube with the alimentary canal. Pigment. Coloring matter. Pineal body. A small ganglion in the brain; a rudiment of an optic lobe, which in certain lizards (and in extinct forms) is connected with a third or median eye. Pituitary body. A small ganglion in the brain. Plicate. Folded; showing transverse folds or wrinkles. Plumbeous. Lead colored; dull bluish gray. Polygamous. Mating with more than 1 female. Postclavicle. A ray composed of 1 or 2 bones attached to the inner upper surface of the clavicle and extending downward‘ Postorbital. Behind the eye. Post-temporal. The bone, in fishes, by which the shoulder girdle is sus- pended to the cranium. Precoracoid. A portion of coracoid more or Jess separated from the rest. Precoracoid arch. An arch in front of the coracoid in most soft-rayed fishes. Prefrontals. Bones forming lateral projections at the anterior end of the skull. - Premaxillaries. The bones, 1 on either side, forming the front of the upper jaw in fishes. They are usually larger than the maxillaries and commonly bear most of the upper teeth. Premolars. The small grinders; the teeth between the canines and the true molars. Preocular. Before the eye. Preopercle. The membrane bone lying in front of the opercle and more or less nearly parallel with it. Preorbital. The large membrane bone before the eye, in fishes. Procelian. Concave in front only. Procurrent (fin). With the lower rays inserted progressively farther forward. Projectile. Capable of being thrust forward. Prootic. A bone forming an anterolateral ossification of the brain case. Protractile. Capable of being drawn forward. Proximal. Nearest. Pseudobranchie. Small gills developed on the inner side of the opercle, near its junction with the preopercle. Pterotic. A bone at the posterior lateral process of the skull. Pterygoids. Bones of roof of mouth in fishes, behind the palatines. Pubic bones. Same as pelvic bones, q. v. Pubis. Anterior lower part of pelvis. Pulmonary. Pertaining to the lungs. Punctate. Dotted with points. Pyloric ceca. Glandular appendages in the form of blind sacs opening into the alimentary canal of most fishes at the pylorus, or passage from the stomach to the intestine. Quadrate. A bone of the suspensorium on which the mandible is hinged. * * Quincunz. Set of 5 arranged alternately, thus x Radius. Outer bone of forearm. Jordan and Evermann.—Fishes of North America, 2895 Ray. One of the cartilaginous rods which support the membrane of the fin of a fish. Recurved. Curved upward. Reticulate. Marked with a network of lines. Retrorse. Turned backward. Rudimentary. Undeveloped. Rugose. Rough with wrinkles. Sacral. Pertaining to the sacrum, or vertebre of the pelvic region. Scapula. Shoulder blade; in fishes, the bone of the shoulder girdle below the post-temporal. Scapular arch. Shoulder girdle. Scute. Any external bony or horny plate. Second dorsal. The posterior or soft part of the dorsal fin, when the two parts are separated. Septum. A thin partition. Serrate. Notched, like a saw. Sessile. - Without a stem or peduncle. Setaceous. Bristly. Setiform. Bristle-like. Shaft. Stiff axis of a quill. Shoulder girdle. The bony girdle posterior to the head, to which the anterior limbs are attached (post-temporal, scapula, and coracoid or clavicle). Soft dorsal. The posterior part of the dorsal fin in fishes, when composed of soft rays. Soft rays. Fin rays which are articulate and usually branched. - Spatulate. Shaped like a spatula. Sphenoid. Basal bone of skull. Sphenotic. A lateral bone of the skull. : Spine. Any sharp projecting point; in fishes those fin rays which are up- branched, inarticulate, and usually, but not always, more or less stiffened. Spinous. Stiff or composed of spines. Spinous dorsal. The anterior part of the dorsal fin when composed of spinous rays. Spiracles. Openings in the head and neck of some fishes and batrachians. Stellate. Star-like; with radiating ridges. Striate. Striped or streaked. Sub (in composition). Less than; somewhat; not quite; under, ete. Subcaudal. Under the tail. Subopercle. The bone immediately below the opercle (the suture connect- ing the two often hidden by scales). Suborbital. Below the eye. Suborbital stay. A bone extending from one of the suborbital bones in certain fishes, across the cheek, to or toward the preopercle. Subulate. Awl-shaped. Superciliary. Pertaining to the region of the eyebrow. Superior pharyngeals. Synonym of pharyngobranchials, q. v. Supplemental maxillary. A small bone lying along upper edge of the maxillary in some fishes. Supraclavicle. A bone interposed between the clavicle and the post- temporal. Supraoccipital. The bone at posterior part of skull in fishes, usually with a raised crest above. Supraoral. Above the mouth. Supraorbital. Above the eye. Suprascapular. The post-temporal or bone by which the shoulder girdle in fishes is joined to the skull. Suspensorium. ‘The chain of bones from the hyomandibular to the palatine. Suspensory bones. Bones by which the lower jaw, in fishes, is fastened to the skull. 2896 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. Suture. The line of union of 2 bones, as in the skull. Symphysis. Point of junction of the 2 parts of lower jaw; tip of chin. Symplectic. The bone in fishes that keys together the hyomandibular and quadrate posteriorly. Synonym. A ditferent word having the same or a similar meaning. Synonymy. A collection of different names for the same group, species, or thing; ‘‘A burden and a disgrace to science.” (Coues.) Tail. In fishes (usually), the part of the body posterior to the anal fin. (Often used more or less vaguely.) Temporal. Pertaining to the region of the temples. Terete. Cylindrical and tapering. Terminal. At the end. Tessellated. Marked with little checks or squares, like mosaic work. Thoracic. Pertaining to the chest; ventral fins are thoracic when attached immediately below the pectorals, as in the perch, the pelvic bones being fastened to the shoulder girdle. Transverse. Crosswise. Trenchant. Compressed to a sharp edge. Truncate, Abrupt, as if cut squarely off. Tubercle. A small excrescence, like a pimple. Type (of a genus). The species upon which was based the genus to which it belongs. Type (of a species). The particular specimen upon which the original specific description was based. Type locality. The particular place or locality at which the type specimen was collected. Typical. Of a structure the most usual in a given group. Ultimate. Last or farthest. Unicolor. Of a single color. Vent. The external opening of the alimentary canal. Ventral. Pertaining to the abdomen. Ventral fins. ‘The paired fins behind or below the pectoral fins in fishes, corresponding to the posterior limbs in the higher vertebrates. Ventral plates. In serpents or fishes, the row of plates along the belly be- tween throat and vent. Ventricle. One of the thick-walled chambers of the heart. Versatile. Capable of being turned either way. Vertebra. One of the bones of the spinal column. Vertical. Up and down. Vertical fins. The fins on the median line of the body; the dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. Villiform. Said of the teeth of fishes when slender and crowded into velvety bands. Viscous. Slimy. Viviparous. Bringing forth living young. ‘omer. In fishes, the front part of the roof of the mouth; a bone lying immediately behind the premaxillaries. j Zygapophyses. Points of bone affording to the vertebrie more or less defi- nite articulation with each other. IN DEX: Page. abacurnus, Eleotris.............--.-.- 2200 LAD EC GT Dee ee eens Se ae ee ee 1184 abboti, Syngnathus ..........-..---. 764 abbotti, Osmerus mordax .-..-.---- 524 abbreviata, Chimera ........-.-.--. 95 abbreviatus, Nauclerus..........-.-- 900 | LAINE ITE eee ae ae am 1496 ATs bese she pne sere Sees 1497 Ss Het ae eee Bee ee ee 1497 trowbridgii ........-....-.. 1497 aberrans, Hypoplectrus unicolor -- - 1193 TIOPYOROMA coe enon an = 1136 IP GEOS seer ne tena con so 1136 abildgaardi, Scarus..-.......------- 1635 Sparisoma ........---.. 1635 AUP UTCMES SSS eS eee eee 2240 | MIQUE open en sane es kee 2241 GC) Cre a oer Cee aee 2195 GeURIOF nase cos a aemer ee 2236 etheostoma -................- 2240 IGEGUD 25 =uesesneceser hae 2241 PDEA O PAIS: << ccna=u= ae---a- m5 = 249 OA STINTS 5 BA aes Sein a aie ae 249 americanus ......----..--. 250 LNG We Sse seoeeeenoe 239 | erysoleucas .-..---..---.-- 250 DGSGINs e550 mn 251 g@ardoneus ......-....-.... 251 USROE REE be wig oioia na ip ape ew a 239 leptosomus ~....-..<-..--.- 250 occidentalis............... 247 MEESICOION aiman= 30-515 on5/<'<10 250 AHUCHUb aetna sees ae can- 1560 analogus.............-.- 1563 declivifroms'-.... 2.5.2. =. 1562 MHUN se eee a tee 1563 SAXAIMNIA 5-222 sees em oo - 1561 Sia RET ER nie ree on ino = alee 2 1563 abyssicola, Raga = eee soa cis ce anton 76, 2751 Seagian: COUGHS -—onince abcess 2023 acadianus, Glyptocephalus......... 2657 Hemitripterus -......... 2023 Acantharchus-..--.---2...-....-... 989 POMOUIS= — 7. - 20a 5 = 989° JAGONT) SU RS eee Bee 53 anipricas =~ 5-snass es 54 blamyvillel 22 5s.0.5 see: 57 SHERI neo senGees oscan = 54 WIRIP ALIS: sa Scan as SoS 54 Page. acanthias, Squalus........:.....--. 54 ACANGHIOINMAL soc cene ae tana ces oe 55 pusilliim 25225255555 55 A canthimioni. 22522. ac eelse ce areeee 939 rhomboides ....--..--- 942 acanthistius, Bodianus ..........-.. 1147 Acanthochzetodon.........:.......- 1682 Acunithoclimus -22 "32.22 slsn656 1975 Océllatus:..5- ono aces oc o5 = > 53 (AGG ONUNEEE pan sas ean ote nee aaa 1753 carinataum -.......--- 1754 Acanthostracion ........---- 1721, 1722, 1724 polygonius ......- 1725 CARTAN TEIN 2 = sa ae oa te ale aaa one 1689 Bialaoe soo saaw sew eae 1694 ALATA. coc ae ane ere 1693 Previs--t-..0%~20------- 1691 broussonetii-.......--- 1691 GBYHISUSss fcc nace - 4 1691 Chirurg. ..----------= 1692 glaucoparcius .--...... 1694 NGpAbws eee eee 1692 MeN -s655 coment 1691 2898 Lndex. Page Page Acanthurus matoides..............- 1693 | Acipenser aleutensis ........-... Pot 104 MUISTICAUS esas eice see 1692 alexandri?) >. 20.0 105 phlebotomus.......... 1692 @NasiMos..-. s<.s5eee see 106 subarmatus........... 1691 wthracinus ............- 106 tractus! -1oeeaacseeee ee 1693 telaspis-.. oc se2eeeee wees 106 triostepus.- 2. ses -c--u= 1691 attilus).. 2. 2s. 2. eepeeees 105 ZODLS se = ps ceesene eee 1691 BYTOS1... --<-ea eee 104 acanthurus, Gasteropelecus ..-..-.- 579 bairdi . =... e2s-cesseeeeee 105 Gonostomus..-.....-.-.- 579 brachyrhinchus.....-... 104 A CANS AVA s.0cbotsanesese neers 1264 brevirostrum............ 106 bartoni «222%. .2-200se ee 1516 buffalo 2.232 ee 106 cxruleopunctatus -.-.------- 1514 carbonarius .........--.. 106 fusco-maculata.......---.-.- 1540 CANS Foe xleelee a eee 104 PNM Sess sols -e sae oe 1323 cataphractus ........-..- 107 PIAA sooo ee ee eae eee 1276 cincinnati... c2-5-esseeee 106 rectangularis..... 52... <---. 1515 COPE] 0.000. -- soe -ncnee 106 tetracanthus ..........-.---- 1540 dekayl 2226. sascesseeeee 106 acara, Pristipoma pinima -.....-.--. 1323 Birardi 252. 2 ocseseeee 105 accensum, Plectropoma .....-.----- 1193 holbrovlei 22-23 eee 105 accensus, Hypoplectrus..-...-.----- 1193 honneymani....-...-..-. 106 unicolor. .- 1193 hopeltis 22-222 eee 106 accipiter, Podothecus .......---.--. 2055 hospitns 4223235---e eee 105 ACClLVIS, LATINOS weons-5 science - eee 1422 kenunicott.- 2-222 -eeeee 105 IA COQIR: secs.apcGacnes esis 2704, 2705, 2709, 2712 kirtlandi:. 3.232 2-seeessee 106 ACentrOrODIs sauce cue seae eae o eee 2210 levisscsecc02o> eee 106 Acentrolophus::~22-):-ssea--o2 ee = 962 lagenarins’ 222.2228 ee 102 maculosus......--.. 963 lamaril. 2227525 ose 106 acervum® @yDiumee-+h--.ssnas-ee a 875 lativostris 75-25-25. /eneene 105 achigan, Bodianus .........-.----.- 1011 AGContel <-sen- eee 105 Achirin Psactset tosses dacceeee eeee 2693 lesueurl 3-2.) 2s- eee 106 Achirophichthys..-..:-::-.2-2-:- 387 lich tensteini .2.teeeere 105 lineatus..-.....---- 2697, 2698, 2702 oxyrhynchus ........... 105 maoculipinnis........-..... 2698 paranasimos...........-. 106 mazatianins:: ee 1346 Miiehgns. = He5— see a 2433 acuminata, Gobius longissima. .. - -- 2230 SPONKINAIO oo ose ees 419 Murconaic 3-2 eece a= 5 377 NENA. 25552 5h oes ees 1488 Page. acuminatus, Eques.........----.--- 1487 umbrosus ...-.- 1487 TRRUMOUS!= 5 2220-5. 419 Myrichthys-..-....... 376 Ophicthys....-...-.-.- 377 QOphisurus..-2-.2.--4-- 377 PETGQUCSE=ss--% a0 aoe 1487 agnta;- LOvicariaies.sst-scaeoense =. 158 Myliobatis --....-.2. eee ae 89 QOphisoma <4222222-..-.545-- 356 Perea aac ucssoe soe ee een eee 1024 acuticeps, Blennicottus ..........-- 2864 Oligocottus.-......-- ~- 2015, 2016 acutirostris, Acipenser..-.---,..-.- 104, 105 Carns, 2 scesee ee 1181 Corvina 2252535322308" 1437 PAUjANUS. sonis sce cemeie 1259 Pristigic: o26 =. scvceSeen 61 SGFERINUS:§ cy -icce cence 1181 Acutomentum -..--.....-:.-. 1765, 1774, 1785 | macdonaldi.......... 1787 acutum, Hemulon...2.........:.... 1299 acutus, Exoccetus ..-..--....-..--<6 728 Nadiator >. -.Ss 22s ses ss 22 728 Psaeudosearus .-...-.2..556 1652 SCAFOS .csctess-sseesodcse~ 1652 PSOE nn aer amas sane ace tee cate 774 acus, Sphyrena..-........-...---.- 717 Mylonnt ial s223.~-% Seer eceeae 716 ON Cana irae tetas wastes soe 660; 2830 CEG Se ae ee ee bee 661 guatemalensis. --.....----- 660, 2830 multifasciata .....-........- 661 pachycephala ............. 660, 2830 adinis. Wandulds\ 2. 222catoee soa 645 adirondacus, Salmo ........----<=< 505 adobe; APORIA. o. 5 ...3eene tow wane 310 PA ONISSSe Se Pk as avcananeadene stn 2377 GPINLAGINSSs= 5 secs 2. cqnceee 2383 adscenionis, Epinephelus .....-.. 1152, 1154 PCONUDOR ooocrese macs 927 rachinus:.;:2:s--.-.-- 1153 adspersus, Ctenolabrus.....-...--. 1577 ESPEUNS «3 02245056eese8 1577 Paralichthys..--.....-- 2627 Pseudorhombus.--..-.. 2627 Tautogolabrus ..-...--. 1577 adusta, Corvina.........5-.5:.-.<--- 1448 Eupomacentrus.....-...... 1551 GoObliesoxte 222252823 acece 2334 JUlidio../ 5.5203 sh seb anee 1602 OphiosGion®= 222 sae. 3-3 1447 Pomacentrus <-oas5 ots ns* 1552 Psendojulis:-2--256-0-seeense sas 1210 Serranus © ...22Scse ese 1211 wequoreus, Syngnathus..--.---...-.- 774 eereus, Sebastodes.............-.00- 1807 zsculapius, Alepisaurus ....-.-...- 595 zsopus, Boleosoma. --.-- ee rr ac 1057 wativalis, Clupea.--..45-2..2s..dec0 427 Gobi0. 22.5.2... ia 316 Hybopsis «2... 2222222 316 marconis .....- 316 Pomolobus=.<:---osseere 426 estuarius, Paralichthys...-..----.- 2626 zthalion, Citharichthys......-..--.. 2673 Hemirhombus .....-..... 2673 zthalorus, Carcharhinus ..........- 40 ANGHOPYOTA no -w-seoca tae tree eee 565 effnlzonss—.- 222.75 2 ee 566 ducidays ts. 2200o-1) == a 565 AGtobatine a5 ewe teenie ee ee 88 INCTODALIS 2 o< - asp Jem er s Thee e ee 88 Aetopatus 1840 Serranus®>-5-o--2- Scena 1189 Reonichthys ..2..-----see= 1287 aggregatum, Ditrema.--......----- 1499 aggregatus, Cymatogaster ......-.- 1498 Micrometrus........-. 1499 agilis, Gadus...2.2..-sceesem ae eeee 2534 ‘A GNUS =. 2.225. socseeeen eee eee ee 2306 anoplus: .-:-= 2 tsscaaseaewene 2308 A ronid® 2... osaeoess aoe 2031 Aponin® 2.2025. ce-+5-2seeee 2033 Agonomalus .... 2. .ss-ces sees 2036 proboscidalis ......--. 2037 Agonopsis -<<.<.22 4540s eeeeeeeeen 2068 Index. 2901 Page. Page. Agonopsis chiloensis ..-.---.------ 2069 | aigula, Lachnolaimus..-.-.-.-------- 1580 Agonostoma globiceps ------------- 821 | Ailurichthys.----.....---:------.-- 116 nasutum -.--------.-.. 820 WR eth SSopSseecoscmns 17 A gonostomin®......-.....--------- 809 GUCOUXH ~ cece s-so=~~e 118 Agonostomus ..........------------ 818 filamentosus .-------- 118 MICEOPM ss. oe aac 820 PE ONO MU Gene omnes 117 “monticola..---------- 819 longispinis-....-.---- 119 NaSiW@bUs ose =6 819, 2846, 2841 MALIA} cece atone ease = 118 Percoldes----s----- 819 nuchalis -...- prea astareia 117 JW ECTITE) | Se See Sar oBecopdegeneeseass 2064 panamensis ------.--- 117 acipenserinus .-.......--.. 2062 pinnimaculatus ....-. 117 DIDTEE nadesasssccesc Saas 3-6e 2043 | ailurus, Pimelodus......-.......-.. 140 [EBV RCS NIRS See Sa oe Ser DDSA a FARMERS: ce ee Sac sees eS eccceccs ee 330 cataphractus ....-....--- 2065; 206 7a Pau Pallaginat.:cos-cLee aces scceee 2050 chiloengis-------------=---- ZUSDEACAIMaV Oe sae sae ot ancees sete ec nee 1833 GTC) seeaosecsechiseaes= 2OeGn Aika np leee ten sesee Che choo ccaeeee cis 1830 decagonus .---------------- 20583) "Alabama Shady=-tss0-s+--<--2-+<= 2810 dodecaedron...-------.---- 2046 | alabame, Alosa ............-------- 2810 gilberti...---.-.-- ReaScnseac 2060 Etheostoma ........--.-- 1095 japonicus. -...---.-----.--. 2036 whipplei -. - 1095 LeVvisatnsic.---csens- eso n= 2048 Notropis.s-~ 2.+=2+h22 eee 1887 albulus, Bryttus...--..-..-.-.----.. 1007 Aldrovandia ~25 222.2062. eee 608, 2826 Lepomis.......------------ 1007 goodel.. 2) susie aeeae 610 album, Heomulon: <2. -3--5-5--=-=- 1295, 1296 gracilis ......-----.s0. 610 Moxostoma...------........ 191 7RGroGhine eee - 609 Alburnellus..........-.---.---.---. 254 | pallida aa 611 altipinnis .....-....-.- 287 rostrata scone 609 SM ADUIS: joneressres— a. 291.1 Adeotin s .....2-.=+ 301 | alectrolophus, Anoplarchus.. 2421, 2422, 2869 megalops. -............ 291 | Blennius:.2..<2--s-s5 5 eae micropteryx...----.... 297 | Centronotus .--- -.-. 2422 Index. 2903 Page. I Page alectrolophus, Gunnellus..... ..... 2422 | Algansea sall@i........--..-.---20- 212 LEO Nisn S55! 352 Oa Be OEE URE Ese 1753 tatascorum:...-.-........ 796 CADCUSIRee eminence ance 1754 Pincellarwsisse. sos 25 se 211, 2796 SUQUOEL sense cise wsisGi melon 1754 | algeriensis, Gasterosteus .......... 748 ANENOS) == 2---0 2 Ree poe eee ae O15 t PAT OM Be aetenesemnin eee ans ane actlad 212 Alepidogaurns .......-.00..02-.0-4. 594 AMAaTa..--.2----.----------- 215 (Caulopus) borealis. 597 AUMIALIIS jens a5 05-4554 52 215 (Caulopus) poeyi ... 596 | alia, Labrus tautoga.......--..-.-.- 1579 ; (Caulopus) serra. -.. 597 | aliala, Acanthurus......... ae meer s 1694 alepidotum, Gobiosoma-........-.-. 2259 Tewthisswe scans oes 82 1693 alepidotus, Cheetodon ........--.-.- 966 | aliciz, Leuciscus................... 236 ; Derepodichthys ......-. 2480 Somaling ceese seston tke 236 GobiWis-ces pies aear=c- 2259 | aliciolus, Trachurus ..........-.... 904 Lucioblennius ......... 2404 | Alilonghi...-.. eater bens $< Tee 23 871 iRhompnsc.-= = Athy eA MOM Ua aw aeineitn te thet nla epnte ac 2713 Adepocephalus-.......--2..505.2---- ZSPN W231 OT ee ee oe Seen 2129, 2131, 2135 AFASSIZI . 5.5.22. 206 A654 PALIOS ONG rows. 0' ae boss qn, 467, 473 Pande soee nee c+ es 2 ENS) eet rh gt: ee oe nee Se 2129, 2131, 2136, 2866 macropterus ...--.-- 458 | almeida, Belone ..............-..... 715 productus.......... 452 APE VIOR UIA sons is cane derek is 715 tenebrosus ..-...... 453 | Almejero, Mojarra..........-..-.... 1294 PMO MOSOMUA Sac o2 sss -dasigaaccwcdess 2 459.| Alopecias vulpes......./........... 45, 46 COMBI caskarss = sate Ss 459 | alopecias, Squalus...............0<. 46 aleutensis, Acipemser .....-.....--. AGA ALOMAR ie seme eet «2 cipeeees ban 45 Lyconectes ......:... oe 2444 | WIAOTONTUG csou seers =< aa 46 STG 2 ee ee eee: 2860 | MULDER at oh Senn acs Soe 45 aleutianus, Sebastodes..-.....------ Tea oe ee eee es Oe 45 POUCA CRA a. onset eens nwt edas GOs Olityl| SP ALLON Riera aes sats = pues aoeanat sss 427, 2810 aleuticus, Cottus.......-......:.... 1957 alabanis. 22; .... 2 oan eees anaes 1718 | SOUPS eeseo eee eee 1719 AlUbOr€S 2.2 a2 oes ccc ccececedeesenes 1717 DOLALGls-s.--5..deessesee- 1720 | PAaTOVA..-.-------6------e- 1719 | Aluterus anginosus...............- 1720 enliifvons 3-506 venaes aes 1718 HOMTOOK Ses couse ese oe 1718 VONOSUS «.22. 2 cece eeeacane 1719 plotus, Apogon 225 5-se-csccceeene ns 1110 Apogonichthys ...........-. 1110 Sebastodes ..........--...-- 1790 Index. Page. Alvarius <<... 5.22235. eee ee 1099 fonticola.cc2... stoceek ene 1105 lateralis 0.4. ais 1099 | alveata, Trygonorhina ............. 65 alvordii, Cottus <-.<:..-ccceee eee 1952 Alvordius.2...5-cssscceeeeee 1028, 1029, 1030 1) 0 6 1033 CTASSUB So. 0s Use Sao 1034 evides 3.3.2) 52 1037 macrocephalus .......... 1031 maculatus ...........-. 1032, 1034 nevisensis).. .2o3s fe 1034 phoxocephalus.......... 1031 spillmani............. pa. 1039 variatus ...22 12 2.525 as 1034 Alysia 22.2 ssn scdee tee 568 loricata .. 10 sccdace eee 569 amabalis, Alburnellus.............. 291 Alpurnus 32.243 291 Minnilis:-.23 291 Notropis-;..:.:2 222 291 amara, Algoma... ...025..6 eee 215 Hybognathus ............... 215 Amarilla, Chops: +=: 2:2s.222522 ene 1386 Guativere....-2..2..22. 1144, 1145 Salmonete: <..52:2.2.2 859 Amarillas, Mojarra de las Aletas... 1376 Amarillo, Cibi: 523, ...22Seee eee 919 Pargo. <2: esses eae 1260 Ronco. <2. tos eee eee 1303 amarus, Hudsonius ...-...........- 270 Hybognathus.............. 215 b Notropis hudsonius.-....... 270 | amazonica, Sciewna -.............-.. 1419 amazonicns, Johnius ............... 1419 ambassis, Sargus: .--::....:ccsss-s 1346 Amber-fish, Great..........--...- Pt 903 Amber-fishes...~-<2:::=-<-nsneveeee 901 Amber Jacke «-2<:255-:2isceeeurcere 903 ambiguus, Lutjanus................ 1272 Morluceius'==s222-2see05 2530 Mesoprion <---> sssscea=e 1272 Neomenis'.2.s2s22-seee0 1271 Amblodon -s<-262s<-ssass5=sneeeeee 1483 bubalus'=:35s22252222 se. 165 concinnus :-.2222:25sse= 1484 grunniens ..........-... 1484 lineatus =... >/-sseseseeee 1484 noglectus.<-.. 36 ss.seeee 1484 DIC? @.<<. tee eee eee 169 SaturmuUs <.-<.2-snceseee 1456 Ambloplites' >: 0... ..cee= eee eee 989 interruptus.....-...... 991 pomotis .--252-25-2sa8 989 rupestris: 22s -caceees5 990 cavifrons.... 990 Index. 2905 Page. Page. amblops, Ceratichthys .--...--.---.. 321 | americana, Stilbe...............:2.. 250 by bepaisesae-= ane en tee 320 Pamtowancscsr.ss.s2c25% 1579 INOGOMIS=:=i<<---.s2secens 321 | americanus, Abramis ............-. 250 HS =e sees sek aman 321 Acanbhias 2.205252 54 Amblygobius .....----------------- 2210 Alburnus -............ 1475 Amblyopsid@ .-.-....-..-------.---- 702 Ammodytes ...--.....- 833 PUM ONRISe--2e=ceab as scoss meee ses 706 Amphiprion:<-.:. 3.2.5 1139 APOLSUS nsessci-s tee ee _ 706 Apogonichthys . neeeee 1107 amblyopsis, Culius...-.------------ 2200 ‘Balstes-ons<.2eeeeoe- L107 Mleotris: 2:2 =: 5c S-% 2199, 2200 Blemntus'<5+2t-25- 22-25 2457 Amblyopus brasiliensis -.....-.---- 2264 Carcharias -........--- 47 JES Cea ecbosbacasoe 2263 Cyprinus.......-- 250, 251, 1475 Mexicans... < eens 2138. | Ammodytidz..--...-------:---=--5- 831 Liparins «~~. clare Ger Bo 2138, 2139 | Ammodytoidei -.....-..---.-------- 781, 831 Amitrichthys .-..---- 4«==tepts45~ 2139, 2141 | Ammopleurops...-...-------------2+ 2704 Amitrin® «..2- .5.-=4sNeseenen base 2106 | amcenus, Alburnellus -...----.----- 296 AMUUTUS ...-- .222-- snore aw anesase' 135 Notropis...-.: 2: sceeseeee 296 SIUTUS ~~ < FUYCHGUS aac aee ebm =e =e 134 | Amphioxt ...~<.5se 220025 «oa 142 Pseudomonacanthus. .. 1717 niveiventris -.--.. enee---- 138 | Amphiprion americanus -...---.--.- 1139 obesus -..-.---------<----- 141 matejuelo......--..--- 849 ponderosus ..-....--...--- 137 | Amphistichus .<.-..s0«-.-saseseeee 1503 prosthistius -.--....------ 139 agassizi....-..-.ees - 1502 pit Seeeeeer are ere 141 argenteus........- 1503, 1504 WHIP ATIS soon ae nee 140 heermanni .......-.. 1504 Ammoceetes....-.------------------ 9 similis co 2 oscpcseee sash SEY wpyterus..-.-=-------- 11 | amplexicollis, Sarothrodus -...--..-.. 1674 BUTCUS. -o--- aoeaae ee 13. | amplus, Scarus -.--+.-/sssssecespeee 1635 picoloms)-4seesu ne eeo 10 Tetrapterus .-=..:--.<. oaus 892 borealis, =-----22:<7-.<< 11 | ampullaceus, Ophiognathus ......-. 406 branchialis ---.--..-..- 14 Saccopharynx...-.... 406 cibarius ...---...-..--- 13 | Anableping..-......-..= -r-+~= 832 Holconotus -..-.....-...-...-- 1501 alascanus ...-........ 832, 2842 Hyperprosopon ...-...-.---- 1501 americanus. .<.5:<-...- 833 Hypocritichthys .--......- 1500, 1501 BUTRUS) copes aortas 13 Lutjanus...:.. 569 1386 Stenobrachius............. 569 279 | andrei, Gobius ..-.-.........-..--- 2218 279 Pomadasis 32-25-2558 2.4 1332 279 IPrstipomac:e-2. 5-2-4" ssec2 1332 279 | Anged .......-- ENE er Mek 414 FAST POMCEL BINCK. Fo0 on sae as vcaaeee tees 1679 dthe| Ampel ish: po5sc8s ees ~~ 58, 1668, 1684, 1685 244G)| Amipel SHAPES coo ue asec ceees coos 58 2447 | Angelichthys ..............--.--- 1684, 2859 1291 POMS ae ee ee 1684, 1685 2446 | TOROCUS £2 22 oo. aoe 1686 2446 isabelita...../-..... 1685 2446 | angelus, Squatina.................- 59 2446 | anginosus, Aluterus................ 1720 2446 | Angler, Common..........-.....-.. 2713 DAA | ATI PIGRS eaten Sa Seeiw en ceed apse pas 2713 2446 anglorum, Lumpus................. 2097 2447 anguiformis, Ophichthys (Sphage- 2447 [ER Gitte) hae ee en See 374 2445 anguiformis, Sphagebranchus....-.. 374 Sansa PAMPN Ua sakes o- 2b. oa Sac wicaely oon = 347 2448 SHOT om doe oa owe ne 348 2448 PCTs: Rees ae eee es 348 106 | CUEVAWRA = 5522 2 oo i0ss5 act S's 348 449 MERIT (ai claicie > = apni me os 22 == 348 429 | Wy PONS So eS ena bee 348 429 | wabashensis ..........-.-. 348 439, 448 xanthomoelas:.....222.-25 = 348 439 | anguilla, Anguilla rostrata.-.....--. 348 448 Retalorn sd 2 suse os peecms 3-2 2788 443 | anguillaris, Blennius.-........... 2436, 2457 243 Gunnellus: 4.322+5.2-—- 2436 160 | LamMpenus: 53 6cl 62. 4-52 2436 160 Stiehsens).3-5-% «2255553, 2436 2634 | TAVAE COB Giese anoncs. Se 2457 Zoos | ANeUIMENE. so. ocasssase—hsscmsne ene 346 2636 | anguilliformis, Pholidichthys ...... 2405 2908 Page. anguina, Morena -.....2.---sesc0s- 390 anguineus, Chlamydoselachus...... 16 WNerophise..20S2 sense 774 Sleuiier, Heros. ..=-6 sscoee eee 1517 anguliferum, Cichlasoma-......--.. 1517 angusta, Malthva...-.22.5.-see~ens 2738 angusticeps, Beloné<......---.....- 712 Coregonus ..-222- 2-22 466 Spheroides..-.-...-... 1731 Tetrodow sats se- ose - oe 1731 Tylosnros =: 2=-.24---= 712 angustidens, Macrostoma -...-..-.- 555, 2826 | angustifrons, Dermatolepis .--..--- 1159 DGLLANUSS= 2 oe shar ss2e 1159 angustus, Platycephalus .-.---.---- 2029 | ATI epee ok -eepee tastes =e sae ee 1193 ATVMINSTCHUS to< sem 55 5s 5 eo een 2435 Meds! fo. 3c2=s5ceseene 2436 ANIBNCHDIONON = .csa00= 554 5=r-- 5508 1672 AATMSGUWOMUS 555. s2ecs sows 1314, 1315, 1318 Divoloresa-.scsese eee 1319 bilineatus ......-..... 1319 CeNlNS se cee se eee 1316 davidsonilss-esces- see 1321 dovitewo.. S222 3-5 1317 interruptus ...-...... 1319 PACU ooewce newts eer 1316 SCAPBATISs--s-crcenc= 1320 Bernina escoeseee sce 1323 spleniatus ......-....- 1321 sur’namensis.. .-.. 1318, 1319 jnterrup- tus=—2- 1319 tONIALNS Ssa5c-seeeseo 1322 irilineatug =-::--.2--< 1320 WitGiniCus..<-.5222- 1322, 1323 anisurum, Moxostoma ............. 190, 196 anisurus, Catostomus-....--........ 190 anna-carolina, Mugilomorus -....... 410 anne, Agonus (Brachy psis)......- 2043 Cottus..... Se cee cee bee enone 1960 annularis, Centropristes ......-.... 1214 Ninclonns( 23-022 ee=-5" 900 POMOxIS.--25" 5" esate 987 DOITARUG- <6. --eenees see 1214 annulata, Melanura................ 624 annulatum, Exoglossum ..-...-.... 327 annulatus, Autennarius............ 2725 Spheroides .......-...-- 1735 Spheeroides politus. --.. 1736 | testudineus 1736 Tetrodon.=.-2:---2----6 1736 anogenus, Notropis .....--..---.--. 259, 260 anohyy, SHUTUS oN. Seeecee ae aaa, 535 anomala, Dekaya.......--.....-...- 2277 anomalum, Campostoma..........-- 205 Index. Page. anomalus, Caulolatilus....... evetee 2277 Rutilos, -5/3sés55-54seee 206 Anoplagonus. -..........---- 2088, 2089, 2093 inermis, --»>-22 eee 2094 Anoplarchus: 2222. <3 esse 5eee nee 2421 alectrolophus . 2421, 2422, 2869 atropurpureus ...... 2422, 2423 ceristagalli...... 22.22. 2423 purpurescens .......-. 2423 Anoplogaster << 2..1¢ eeeeeeeeem 103 | antecessor, Gasterosteus ........... 900 | Antennariids .. 55: 33222 5--eeeeteeee 2715 Antennarius). °<..12-->24s0se eee 2717 annulatus.<2scgecneee 2725 corallinus. 55 2eeaeee 2725 histTid.ss.-6-05 aaee 2716, 2723 inlOps <2 525 f2eaen anes 2718 leopardinus....-...... 721 marmoratus .......... 2717 multiocellatus ..... =o 2724 NULLIN G1. see eee 2723 ocellatus........5-<2.-ees 2721 pleurophtalmus ...... 2722 PLINGCIpis. <-s2sseeeeees 2719 radiosus) .+2. 222. —~- 787 PETMANUSe sy tects sess ses 1223 SAY ANUS los. 5----- = 786 (Hermianthias) peruanus. - 1223) -A phy oning: 2: os2t2.0c- sees. 2499 quartus rondeleti.......... IZOGL PA pity nus cso eee ae eee 2525 TADILUDIA a aceta'o eo cieroe te eee 1276 MOMIae js eek ee 2525 Baponaceus . 22252221 2.25.22 ooh aplagh inate sce ee nee eee ee oe 1174 SUMALUS soo nee eee eats 1157 | apiarius, Petrometopon .-.......... 1142 (stiTey Of e eeee San Se 1202 SAPANUS YS Sse n eee ere oe 1142 ELVA US ce 2h on lems onsen 1224 | apiatus, Lepomis........-.........- 998 ZTE TVET TGF es a a te ee eae 1131 | apicalis, Alosa .....-.. Se a 429 anthracinus, Acipenser ....-.....-- 106 Clupea chemise da Satelote a ate aa ae 429 antica, Algansea.....---.--.------- 245 HigheuGise= ees sabes 2268 BHTICHS, NE CUCUS.saccccs-sescers+<-s 245 Handinellage 22st ms 429 PMN OUI: = 2 gens ann ee ete se sescces T6RE PA pIONICNUNYS 52-026. oes ce eet aoe 2702 CADLON seas. Sone wecnese. 1665 pleekeril 22: 5-2e22.-- 2703 MDMUSYI +. .scssec0ss esses 1665 Comer 22s ve sens s 2703 ABTS PON ED, cle = .tn-=2-'o222s. Yass 1663 nebulosus .......-... 2703 antillanus, Conodon.............--. 1324 REIGOLOT sense ee at 2702 amtallarum, Caranx..----...-..-2- s2c22¢ Sates 309 apeltes, Gasterosteus .....-........ 752 eee ns Ser ase ne a oe aera 743 | apoda, Perca ........-.--...---..-.. 1259 Pleuronectes .........---.<0- 2701 APOE, DAW UUGs a sae co seus co eaasn ace 1586 FAPNANO PMN oes ocviacce sede ae aee nee 885 Hea Stak ein _ Mrnmopus: fis. 885 Apodichthys --- wesceeweeeceeecenees 2411 A ae eee 895 AAVIATE seni -5--ce eee 1108 | aracanga, Psendoscarus......-.---- 1648 rex-mullorum-.-.-...------- 1107 Scartis.-.:2s23325. 35s 1642, 1647 THO. 222-2 eee sere ee er 1107 Sparisoma)22.5-2esssse2= 1642 Apogonichthys. -------------------- 1110 | area, Athering 2.2. 2222-5 sooner 790 IG th see ebayer 1110 arwopus, Catostomus......--------: 172 americanus .------- 1107 Pantostens 222:.>-saeseeaee 172 puncticulatus...--- 1111) Aramaca..2-.-:1---22 eo eee 2670 Stellatus ssa. 4 1110 papillora --.2-22see-eeeee 2672 Apomotis --------. jee ee cee eee recess 995 soleceformis......--.----- 2672 3 _ cheetodon..-------------- 995 | aramaca, Citharichthys ---..--..-.. 2672 cyanellus.....---.------- 996 Hemirhombus..-...--.---- 2673 iachyruSoess=-so5==——e=— 997 Pleuronectes ..----------- 2672 MULINUAS Seeaes es eae 996 | Rhombus... .2---22s cee 2626, 2672 obesus--..----- Pte acact 993 | arangoi, Cherojulis -........---.--- 1597 phenax -.-..--.---------- 997'| ‘Araré, Bonact.°=---..2-22seseeeee 1174 punctatus -...--.-------- 997 | arara, Heemulon-......---:---c2---5 1306 symmetricus .-..-------- 998 Ront0--: =. Jc6= see ee 1304 apos, Gunnellus.-..-.--------------- 2430 Serranus -----2.< ose 1159, 1175 appendiculatus, Centropomus..-..- 1119 | aratus; utjanus..222sss52eee 1274 Exocetus.....---- 736 Mesoprion: .--22s2ssnss5—55—" 1274 appendix, Lepomis----------------- 1005 Neomeenis- ...--2s 22 Se ee 1371 Salvelinus alpinus.......-. 510 Hyperprosopon.....-... 1501, 1502 arcuata, Harengula......-...-..---. 431 |° Ichthyomyzon........... 11 “arcuatum, Ditrema ....------...-.-- 1502 Tarimuss: s-.5 -cacece cen 1421 Eeommlont fee ase anes 1305 Se PIUGUCISCUS see ences sea ee 221 Hyperprospon.....--.--- 1502 Micropogon Cia ae teste. 1463 arcuatus, Bathygadus.....--..-...- 2564 IRE FRIAS) cope sic coiseasocer 1357 @hastedoensc. 2555s. 2-= 1680 Petromyzon ..--. ACOSO e 11 Hyperprosopon .-.....--- 1502 Pimelodus.--2-2-ssac-2e- 125 Pomacanthus ....-...... 1679, 1681 SACHINUAls= 22-8 2ec-s— hse 110 ardens, Catostomus -...--..--------- 179 SE ST Ge anseaceac eee are 1363 iypsailepis!ss2-26-es----=--- 301 SYS ANTES a ei iatala aah ai yor 1357 NGGNGIBCOS S= 52282 os) esa 301 Sumpadetscc seetae accra 411 MMaNInTS scene Se cee cess ae 301 Trachinotuag: (525 -.<..06 944 Notropis umbratilis ---..--. 301 Trachynotus ....----..<. 944 Be GO tH PIONG 5 .- 5.25 -.ca2ace -ccnses-)---1-1- 2559 Lutjanus ........... 1261 argentatus, Astyamax ....-......... 336 Mesoprion.........- 1261 Gaidropsarus ..-...-.-.- 2559 E _ Neomenis-......... 1260 Merluccins:..< 2-2-1... 2530 | argenti-vittatus, Thynnus ......-.- 871 Plareyrus: 22.5: -2 225252 283 | argentosa, Dionda-....-.--..-...----- 215 Tetragonopterus..-...- Gath | AMO aan ok = om emirate i oe 957 argentea, Bathyclupea-..-.....-..-..- 835 | argus, Murzena.....-..-----.....--- 401 Chimera -s...2e seen ea 95 Pleuronectes .....-.-.-...... 2666 Morena = 2 bee soca 348 Sqmalas ose. ece seep a ctae 26 Selene see ceea-ene == aan = RSG) PATO VOR h: an tesioct antinca=o Wem aneiste = 796 SPL E p SLE Ce see ee ate 826 | ArgyreiosuS....---5.-.------------- 935 Steindachneria..........- 2568 gabonensis .....---.--- 935 argenteum, Ditrema.....-...--..-.. 1504 PACIICNS sos ee wna se 936 2912 Argyreiosus setipinnis..-...... Beer unimaculatus....--..- argyreiosus, Leucosomus ...-.--...- Pogonichthys -.---...-. Symmetrurus ...... see ATE YTOUS . - Joe mee nae pew mcam sale ASU US | os ae aera notabilis\a. 25 2-s)-04<=c06 NUDWUS tonne tease ee ALO VTOUS,, LATO oe ane teen emtciaaec =a Argyriosis capillaris -.........-.--- SPLRM oa daeaee eee triacanthus......-...--. Argyriosus brevoorti .-....--....-- filamentosus -...--..-.- MAUTICC as sade es = MGC Meese pee ee ae SCner sseeheee eee see argyritis, Hybognathus ......---.-.. SAT ENTIC POR one elem nln een a inl mal Argyrocottus ..-..-.....----.------ ZANGCEL ance ee eane ee argyroleuca, Bairdiella...-..---.--- Corvin) = peer see=e = argyroleucus, Bodianus .-----.----- argyromelas, Seriola -....---------- Argyropelecus ......----.---------- hemigynmus -...-... OMGtal ~-e nae argyrophanus, Engraulis..-...----- Stolephorus..--..... argyropomus, Gasterosteus --....--. Argyrops caprinus ------...------.-- argyrops, Sparus ...--.------------- argyrosoma, Damalichthys ----..--. Embiotoca .--...-..-.. Argyrosomus ....---.---.---------- LU AEA eas cseacian ac laurett® ....---2.... Weidds)-hasse2e5 se nigripinnis -.......-. osmeriformis ....-.--. prognathus.......... pep thh: CUS essere tOUMibee ws ses os sce<~ Index. 469, 472 471, 2817 470 472 468 471 470 473 473 argyrosomus, Damalichthys---..-.. Argyrotenia, «<5 .2=-bse=2e eee vittata ....<.. soe argyrurus, Coryphena............- argyrus, Pimelodnus -.....-.......-- aries; Archosargus...oJs.2sese=eeeee Sargus <¢).--2.5 sues ee eee arioides; Bagrus ...-s20.-s5aee eee ariomnus, Aprion -..--.sss-0eese ee Minnilus: 2.2 necreeeeseeee Notropis = ~~ -tecosm-eeees Photovenis (2 ..cese-eer ATI0PSi8 .. 22200 nue ssckeene eae ATIOSOWS <<< ac. = a =eeeeeeee Seo eame aTONatUS .h..2cnssaeneee ee eee assimilis <..25.25-eeeeee eee brangtil . . <<< . oes e ase phryviatus .<..¢.¢onee- ee eeee Planicepsi--s=s-sse=—eeeseees platy pogons soe =eeeeeee ae puncticulatus ...........-..- quadriscutis:. ....-.<2->--==- TUPISPINIG ...<.--saeeeee eee seemani ..-.20<.saees= epee seeMannl .... 225 2a eee stricticassist........5-5-seeae surinamensis .....-.--..-<.-- Page. 1509 832 833 953 135 1361 1362 133 1278 290 290 290 119 353 119 125 132 129, 2774 122, 2758 129 130 125 127 128 122 128 128 131 123 132 126 129 125 133 127 127 132 125 132 123 128 133 131 127 126 124 131 127 Index. Arius temminckii..-....-......-.--- 123 MEI GG) 1G) See 124 VAMUNOSUN eos =! een soc 132 arizon#, Pantosteus..-.....-..-..--- 170 va RL Se ee ee 1054 SUETpINNISS 22 =o Sets so ze 1051 ehulvons cess 2t J Je'5S 526 1058 arlingtonia, Gambusia -...--- 652, 2828, 2829 arlingtonius, Funduluse. .....-.---- 652 armatay bairdiella —s....2.<6.ssFo=- 1436 WGnvins: 35252. see ioe <= 1437 armatus, Aspidophorus .-.....-..--- 2067 Centridermichthys -.----- 2012 Centropomus..-...-..---- 1123 SSrranusisosss0s.00e 2. s ~ 1165 RENO or CA IGXONNS -25sa0ct5a6 oe -~ = 2203 JT Ss ee a ee eee 1278 arnillo, Mesoprion ...........-...-- 1279 PEO PENS) 300 se eae 1279 PRET ISa rere See S Le wu clvis wn alcle Sete o 1278 Arnis, otjanus-.-.---...------<- 1279 Arnoglossus fimbriatus.......-.... 2677 WEHLCRUS 2324s o2ncno = 2670 PERS ee cee niente 119 ETI OULERTOy Te ap pile ee ae 1738 ETQUNIZON coe oer ec e's 1739 Arrow-toothed Halibut............ 2609 artedi, Argyrosomus............-.. 468 SISGO: 2255-9 >= 469 (Polynemus: .2ecs-—-~.5-2- 828 Prreaielins: 2205. shes ade se es 1905 atlanticus--~.:......: 1906, 2862 PaoleHs sesso ss. S52. 1906 unematus>: -o...-,-% 1905, 1906 J Ce er Se 1902, 2862 SSPOrUlUusecs = J. =e 1903, 2862 fonestralis'$2os 22 .2i.22232: 1900 laberalip-cas stds ses- sec. 1902 pucetensis: 2. 25..-..... 1890 quadriseriatus --.......... 1897 artesiz, Etheostoma ............... 1094 Pwmeichthys:—.-<....2322 2 1094 arubensis, Peecilia vanderpolli.... 696, 2834 arundinaceus, Syngnathus......... 765 BSOSNTy Hams sees slaeee kes. 509 Lien Fe ee eee 526 Ascelichthying -.:.22.2.25...2050-- 1883 Asceliahthyss 32-7 te). 29262 25. oe 2024 BUC TES oli: eee ee ge 2025 ascendens, Siphostoma...-......... 768 Syngnathus ............ 768 | Aacesions: Caraie22 2155453. 75-2 925 Epinephelus -.......... 1154 Holocentrus........... 848 ; PUfoses.. 849 Pereay fsnte: 3 ete oe). 849 ascensionis, Scomber..-........ aaa 925 SND lice WCB UNS 4 a2= tte osenaseas ae © 155 ase:lis, Choeilichthys--.-..........- 1740 ARONA SU GUEN wo sen = = eo ae 2694 asper, Centridermichthys.......... 1944 Cotins|s.s2ss2< 525. 5a2- aot Na NOON an 52 4a554 46 22 1744, 1752 SEPROETIES eee es eee ate ae 2367 Hexacrammos ~..---:----- 1872 WAGEOTNS)-~asen= seas ee 2572 Pleuronectes ------.--.----.- 2645 aspera, Limanda ...-..-------:—daca5 2092 greenlandicus..... 2092 guntheri-...-< 2222 2090 Pern 3-5. CSke 2093 monopterygius . 2091, 2092 Olviki 225-22 s22Sa<% 2089 tranquebar ....... 2092 Aspidophoroiding .........-....--- 2033 ALepidophOrUs 222 2-pacseeeaen mo seen 2064 acipenserinus -...-... 2062 armatus .......:-.-.- 2067 cataphractus..-...... 2067 chiloensis -.-...-.... 2069 decagonus........... 2054 dodecaedrus......-.. 2046 Guropz2us -.........-. 2067 Visivalsss Is -6 55 2225-22 2036 malarmoides .......-. 2054 WIPGR 232 aot See a= 2069 proboscidalis.-....... 2038 rostratus ............ 2048 spinosissimus ..-....- 2054 superciliosus.-.-...-.-. 2036 aspidurus, Urolophus...........--.. 81 Aspistor .--.-------0--20--------.-- 2763 Juxtiscutis)s<323).2-2-t4--88 2763 TSAR TRE TS 3 ola ol ae os AREA 1689 asprella, Ammocrypta ---...-.....- 1061 @rystallariac s: -- 205 see see 1061 | asprellus, Etheostoma.......-...... 1061 2914 Index. = . Page. Page. - asprellus, Pleurolepis -........-- 1061 | Atherina...... cosubescucstesoseeeees 789 Radulinus .......----- 1920 BIOS oon lane ees 790 asprigenis, Pecilichthys-..-..-.-- 1085 DOSGL joensen ee 801 aspro, Alvordius -.........--.--.- 1033 DIOWilll, 2a222nses= oe eee 443 Hadropterus ......-.----- 1032 carolina 2222222252252 791 Percina.--...- oe 1833 harringtonensis .---.-.--- 791 Asproperta {22-2 cdaseereneeee 1024 humboldtiana -.--..------ 793 COREA ow Comore ae 1027 insularnm <-5.-3-2522.5ee8 807 assimilis, Arius -...--...---------- 129, 2774 latieeps: - --5-2- 55 ene 790 Galeichthys --...-.--.- 2779 martinica...--+..--2---.---=-"--=.-52 19 eriarcha ...-..--------- 803 Asthenurus «2 ---2-022-5-2---2e=- 2526 evermanni ----.----..-- 804 atripinnis..........- 2527 panamensis ------------ 805 astilbe, Stolephorus ..----.-..-.- 9315 | Atherinichthys -.-...-------------- 792 astori, Ichthyomyzon..--..---.-- 12 albus Mamieetst te > 2839 Pamipetrea >see =o. ae 12 brevis 7. oe Se eae 2840 ealiforniensis..-..- 807 Petromyzon .....-...----- 12 as Astracion tricornis 1725 oe ae Se et Eee oe aa ee ea ae grandocuiis.-.-..... 2840 Astrolytes Be i I OO SS 1898 guatemalensis hg. 801 notospilotus .....-..- 1899 humboldti......... 793 Astronesthes—2-. 2-2 -2-t a= 586 menidia 22.235 800 barbatus ...-.....- 586 netata>22 Sa 800 gemmifer ......-... 586 pachylepis..-.....- 801 PON 3) ee a ee 586\| Atherinids 2... 2 J.22=5 2-s2se eee eee 788 richardsoni .....-. 587 | -Athermoides...--5.-.2-3---5- seer 792 Astronesthid= .....=.5=25!<--<<= 586 | atherinoides, Chriodorus....-.-.--- 719 Astroseopus .~2s-.22-0-e2se- 2 =e 2306 Clupes...< <2 451 anoplos 8:13 5-<25 2308 Engraulis- -.-.--.-..- 451 snoplas: ..£25 =. 2308 Notropis'.-=2s22--—~ 254, 293 guttatus........... 2310 Pterengraulis .-...-- 450 y-grecum ........-. 2307; | .Athermops'....-=-o-22sus-sessaeeee 807 zephyreus -.----.-- 2309 SUIS = 3232 eee 807 AStyaae saee- sense eee 333 insularum..--..------- 807 argentatus..-..-..-..- 336 TOSIA oas5es-5- sae 808 Asymmetron.....22ss-20s5--ss-. 4 | Atherinopsis-----<..2.----osseeee=s 806 lucayanum...-....- 4 californiensis.---..-- 806 ateniatus, Chetodon ........-.- 1676 tents: 3.5225 s—— =e 802 Sarothrodus.....-..-.- 1676 | Athlennes |; 2.->-5-.155 odes sae 2371 Sltivelis.ek~ s_se55-- 2370 SSPOR Se a=. ones 2368 TARCINGNG boa esta ee 2373 integripinnis ...--.. 2372 marmoratus ....-.-- 2371 monophthalmus - --- 2372 nigripinnis -....---- 2369 LED nn = = Sea See 2373 auctorum, Lobotes -.-.-...--.------- 1236, 2858 Anctospina ....-------<---- 1765, 1776, 1817 audens, Menidia ............------- 798 augusticeps, Anchisomus ...------. 1731 ° Aulastome maregravii ---.--------- 757 AMIIBCODS ~ ~s= <2 = rt e~ soe een ns 753 spinescens ..-...--.------ 754 auliscus, Siphostoma..-...-.-------- 767 Amlopidee --~ - 2 ce -en ec menancn-m>=- 541 Aulopus agassizii....-.-.----.----- 541 Aulorhynchid@ -........--.----.--- 752 Aulorhynchus -.....--.-....--.------ 753 flayadUss.--.-.--oe 754 VAG Tri ees ee ea 754 cinereum ....---.--....- 755 COlOTaAbWING oe — see wane 755 Aalostomidse ono aeaes see ence ===> = 754 2916 Index. Page. Page. MATHIORFOINUS Fee ee esc ode rec ca encses 754 | aurolineatum, Hemulon ....---.... 1310 OGiNeTOUSs. 228 soe see se 212 Mullus 224 o.--scesen stan: 856 | australis, Echeneis..-............ 2269, 2271 barbatus.....-..-. 856 SOX <2... dtc 5 eee 628 Notemigonus .--..-------- 250 Teelus ....3025-se2s5 eee 1918 IPHGHES ce tess ais cee ee 'leee 951 Teuthis.:....-..seeees one 1691 SErranud caseecsese teres 1145 Remilegia -..--22---ssseee 2270 aurea, Brevoortia tyrannus ---..--. 434 | austrina, Myxostoma...-......---... 192 Cluppamecee- ee cecee ae steeaere 434 | austrinum, Minytrema.........-... 192 Wdmpetra eee. e=h eer a oer 13 Moxostoma.. (2-2 -.5.-28 192 aureolum, Moxostoma..-....-.------ 192.|. Auxis .. v.32. se ke ees eee 867 aureolus, Catostomus .-.----------- 192, 196 rochel ...-L oi sseseee ee eee 868 Gerres 0. ee eee eee 1375 tapeinosoma.jacaee sent eee 868 Salvelinus alpinus .-..--- 511 thazard.....22. o.sesteee sees 867 SMONOUS see ects: aes saeeae 1003 thynnoides'.:..-22-2--22sseen 868 aureoruber, Scarus .........-------- 1635 VOlparis o22-2scscssese een 868 aureoviridis, Sphyrena.-..-..------ 1719") Acverronens< 22>. -sse- oe eee 2069, 2864 aureus, Ammoceetes..-....--------- 13 emmelane....-.--..-.. 2069 Caranx. tose ere-bee aes 923 stepleus:-: ct sscesesee= 2071 Chstodom see oes aeeseeae eee 1680 | averruncus, Kathetostoma........-- 2311 Clapanvdon cesses. sense = 434 | avitus, Chologaster:.......---...... 704 EPO WS ese eeee eee 1010 | avocetta, Nemichthys ............-. 369 Wundilos Gs accecen eee ce eee 659 | -A-vocetting <2 J--2 Sesame one are 367 Haplochilus. =. a--asriee= =e 659 elongata.......--.-..--- 2802 LOHOS/ peo ace eae 1533 Pi ooo ene 2801 Pomacanthus -........----- 1680 infans..: «.-- -2—=e eee 2236 heckeli.......-----.------- 1709 | Banana-fish’. -- 72-23. --5e-eaceeaeee 411 WENT) oy eee Peers Rohe = 1705 | bancrofti, Torpedo. -..........<.-.-- 78 SPINS 2 < - pee ee 1716 | Banded Pickerel <---.- 522-2 -sees-e= 626 PEG Mt Ge eee ere oe 1720 Sunfishes :..- 2-2-2 -eeene aE 994 TOYS sooo Soca tee eee 1739 | Bang.<-. -<3.0025..252525aseee eee 423 Jibe6riensis...5 2-<=="s-eee. 2 1702: |: banksi, Citulia,.2 72.22 os 927 lineo-punctatus -.-...----- 1709 | Barathrodemus..---.2.-. 2. oaeese 2517 hoguatulay.-=.-2.~4-2ase~ 1720 manatinus.......... 2517 JONG) 2222.3 << -- ene 1707 | Barathronus-.-<.:2<5<-::cces-esnuce 2524 MALLOPS=.2.-<- --4 Joes oa= 1706 bicolor: - 4<352.22deeee 2524 macropterus .....--.--.... 1707 barbarz, Siphostoma ..............-. 765 maculatus..-...--.------ 1707, 1708 | barbata, Brotula....-....--.-..---.. 2500 melanopterus..-...-..-- ria a's 1707 Loricaria . <-< .csesssedeee 158 SHORGO owlse ste = eee eee 1710 Pallasinas 2-22 <5. Zeciauesee 2049 mitis ---------------------- 1705 pbarbatula, Lemonema...........--. 2557 MOnOoceros..----.-.-.2--- 1719,1720 arbatulum, Leemonema......-.-.--- 9556 MOPIPONMUS 5-55 oe eae esse 1702 barbatum, Echistoma........... S206 587 naufragium .......-.-.-- 1700, 1701 Lyconema....,..-.5.s. 226 2474 THEOL op sees oneness sete 1711 barbatus, Astronesthes ..........-- 586 Migra .--.-.-----------+s--. 1711 Balistes-.2--2- -2-..5-: Sig | ey Sa Ro oe meee se pease se 2562 bascanium .........-. 270)| HoAthyPAdUss.- 9nd east wae men 2563 peninsule........... 379 | BYOUMUHS!- 22. cece ss 2564 scuticaris ........... 378 CAVCUNOSUS=~ 2-//--.. 5 2581 bascanium, Baseanichthys ..-.-...-.. 379 | PEVOBUB eacas 226 von sats 2565 @oscular -=tra2p = -asn~0n 380 | Non gTHTS - 52 393.552 2g2~ 2566 (BASCAMIUS oe nema eam mee mn nes ~ sn 2704 | MACTOPS-...-.-.--+---- 2566 Liv eae 2S ee nee jam | Bathig tc 2228S Sy eee 540 Pastlaris, WeOres =. 2-2sscscss~ 5-05. - 1532 | WIP TIONG. 222.455 ao a to 540 Basking Sharks)\-.---5.2----+5-2-5--- 50 | Bathylagimes® <4. 2-2 mcionwosmeuse= 527 BASE BAYOU Speco wean antes ona INTs. | Bathylapos 22>, es sosn853-8-5%- 528 BlaOhe ets a5 oe arene one 1010 | benedict; =<... +. .s-:-- 529 , Sb sseq aoe se eee cee 1198 POPGAlIS. 2552226255525 2824, 2825 SEUNG es pee eee a Sea 987 OHEYOPS 2500 cee eee oe 529 (nanrielh =.= t= 2 ae 1453 MUlOric- = 2 os tease 52> 2825 Common- Hock: ~~. 5-<-=..-2.5 990 PRCWCUS-~-scccS up o os 530, 2824 Grass 3 Jo0 eos ee Serene 987)| Bathy master /. 222. gc22stic sonst 2 2288 CREO ON eee ee oe 1012 hypoplectus .......... 2290 2920 L[ndex. Page. Page. Bathymasterjordani -....-..--..--- 2280%| Baya o<- -saerseiecnee> aaa e eee eee 1176 BIPNStUS-<-.6. ss =e 2288 | bayanus, Pomadasis..-.............. 1331 bathymaster, Bregmaceros ......... 2527 | Bayou Bass ...- a -- <0 c--enneneeeeee 1012 Bathymasterid@ ....--.------------ 2287 | bdellium, Petromyzon.......-..... ° 11 Bathymtyzon 2-0. =c55-dsscer-siasia 9 | Bdellostoma dombey --...--.-.- Sane 6 Daindiis ses eaeses- Set 9 polytrema............ 3 6 Bathynectes. 14. saan ene 2507 SLO UM eae ai eee 2 6 compressus ...--.--.-- 2508 | beadlei, Synechoglanis ............- 135 LatiCODS asain ae 2523 | beani, Caranx .---..--- a. escuesevee 920 BathyOnus, «<<. << -men0-s0n-- == 2507 Her0S ....--.--2000taemewdcens 1538 compressuSs-....-------- 2509 Ophidion ...........-- aera ots 2487 ENE i tattle ee 2510 Pleuronectes... --.-eeeeeees 2646 Bathyophis. <7. 5. <<. ceewe=-'=-=-'0'= 605 Peecilichthys .........-..... 1057 ferox 525 2-hcke ne es 605 Triglops © 2222eseaeeeee eoeeae 1924 Bathyphasms <= .s- =. s-sep eee 2128, 2864 | beanii, Ammocrypta-..........--... 1064 ovigerum............ 2128 Limanda. ...02.-2..066 scoode) 1 2eam bathyphila, Cyclothone ....-....--- 582 Melamphaes.............--- 843 bathyphilum, Neostoma.....---.-.. 583 Plectronius). ~<=---eeseeeeee 842 Bathypteroid® ~.....-.-<.=---.----« 544 PYIONOENS <<. 252 ses cee 2170 Bathypterois .-..--.-.-2-2-2..25-=6- 544 Serrivomer -...--.-........s 367 LONLIpes onsen ewe wie ate 546 | beardsleei, Salmo gairdneri......-.. 2819 quadrifilis...c--..-.s2 545 | Bear Lake Bullhead ............-.- 1954 My AS CS lee ioee eee ee eee ee 539 | Beau Gregory. ---. =>. eeeeeeeeeee 1555 AGASBIZI. ewer os eo 540 | Beauty, Rock ........./.5.-.222 ones) 68H fOLOK)s oSacae ose se toe 539 | beckwithi, Cyprinella.............. 273 Bathysebastes ....--....--------06- 1860 | Becuna......-...---------cec-seeene 823 Baby StOM © o <1 wnlas clal< ceccnnnenceseon= 59 egretta ....----- eeccceccenee «= 74 Batrachoides .--2.0s+.-ss2-... 4... 2-5 asm 716 IBALRICUUG sss h45 2 eecneee tase eee aia 2868 gerania ......... edesseaee os 716 battarw, Orthragoriscus..........-. 1754 guianensis......... conencace 715 Bay UAC Se sc~ caesar e te eee 37 hians .....ccce= oe ceeececenes 718 L[nhdex. Page. ONG ONES seas annem cee sta S 717 Teiumipnie es aee eae ance aa im nlc = 717 MIACwIALA SE oss. - aoe ce ako = 718 MeIAnECHIT AS = ose Hs - exc 716 MICVODS ssc -sa-cw ance as 712 DGS! = BSS Serre OOO OEE 711 MAGICA = a= s2- (acl setae a 716 PA PMIGOUY = a cminac as wninnos ss 716 AOEUUALOR s sere oiom see acne 714 SUGIMINIAANE cle oe cleroais kines. 713 Subtruncata..--.:.--5--c2-- 711 PEXEV ELC Clete orate lates eit rete ena 715 PON CALANs <- 2s3 ch /a2 a -nice me 714, 715 BDO LIND ke tans mina sieeia sie siaie 714 HIB GIOPHOTUS << 2s 2.0 5 = = als) 892 Tetrapturus .-.--..-----...- 892 Le DS Ss, 2 Sn Se Sn OSS on Ge GIAO ES 884 ONAN. - oo ae =o = Seine 684 Belonichthys.--.-=2.----..--......- 773 PRION HARING neo <2)-\ee ma =v tan eo 369 leuchtenbergii -.-.....-. 369 bendirei, Potamocottus ...--...-..-. 1965 (Umanid@asc2.52 sos. 2scqeea 1964 benedicti, Bathylagus..........-... 529 benoiti, Myctophum ......-........ 573 SC OMGUUEN A msmet seem see aeniee 573 IBAUUROOOMELOS: ~-/2.0--.6ag.cnse cds 2514 FODGSLUS!-<--5 505555 2514 IB OMPROGQOSIN LS -cnnen=: 245 ATNIMO GUTOR S265 «anan cs = o's) 10 Anisofremus. -22-5.- =. scee 1319 Barathrowus oo. i =. .c ce ee 2524 TSOCGMNG ross ni2- Acetate aes 738 Grammiconotus.........-.. 726 SUSUCIROUN= =~ s!-- we exice> a>) eae, 240 WUGNCOR eae ace ote Soe 245 TPIS GPO Bis evade oe cele 1911 | Bielaya ivy ba cfsss2.22cac- yacumas sc 480 bifasciatum, Cichlasoma...........- 1521 Thalassoma ........ 1610, 2559 bifasciatus, Chlorichthys .-........ 1609 INGOs Ss ae scans mae re ene 1521 OUD soe Sete See 1610 Dabs) «s5.~<- a0 -52s'> 1609 Thalassoma............ 1610 bifrenata Hemitremia .--........... 259 bifrenatus, Hy bopsis.-.-............. 259 Naina pis ssas5-- 255 ones 258 bifurca, Cheetodon cauda........-.. 1562 Bey 6 ccan ae sana aaa eames oe 1238 Big-eyed Horning = 2 as oases. 410, 426 Seadvise saa: Sect coer ae ee 911 Big-headed Gurnard -.-............ 2171 ISTH) SP ae Be = a ee Seo 68 of California ......-..... 72 biguttata, Cochlognathus ...-...... 252 Index. 2922 Page. biguttatus, Ceratichthys -.... anaes 323 Ti brisoOMmus. = —----— 2255 2360 Malacoctenus....-----.- 2360 Semotilus..-----.-....-. 322 bilinearis, Merluccius ...-..---...-. 2530 Merlucins=-ctececceace _ 2643 bilineatum, Pristipoma. .....------- 1319 bilineatus, Anisotremus-......----- 1319 Oharacodon = e+ -ce cesses 668 Pleuronectes..---.-...-- 2643 IBUliinh [325 =-----ose2ee eee 1460 bilobus, Blepsias:::--22 552-2 -.ou- 2018 Histiocotins =.2f2s%6--++- = 2018 Perv pus seen en secs eects 2018 bimaculata, .Percina:;<. 7222-25-25... 1027 Wilppmia:ssissedeccecs <> 1027 bimaculatus, Chetodon ....--.-.--- 1674 Olinns ass S2eareur' 2358 Malacoctenus ......-. 2358 Poecilioides.-.--....--. 678 Pseudoxiphophorus -. 678 BRYN see ome aren ee 725 Xiphophorus ..-.-.....- 678 pinoculata; Raja:i-2222622-2- 5 foe 72 Uraptera=:isc2.seese 73 binotatus, Apogon .......--...-...- 1109 ‘Bipwimilte eens. cesses peee sea 878, 2843 VAGlaCea == on weer 878 bipinnulata, Seriola ..-........---.- 907 bipinnulatus Elagatis...........-.. 906 birostratus, Prionotus ........... 2152, 2156 Dbirosiris, Raia::scs2022.- Soot 93 Manta 2venee. see mine sess 92 bishopi, Alosa -..-..---.--..-.--... 430 Pardes 2s ssiec cs eten 430 bison, Aspicottus -.........--.....- 1938 Carpiodes...* 22225222. 2.255 65 166 PNOPREYS .ssose eres tne 1938 Lepisosteus <2...0c2--eese- = 110 bispinosus, Gasterosteus-..-....... 748 atkinsi... 748 cuvieri... 749 Melanocetus ...-......- 2734 Melichthys ......--.--. 1711 Myliobatis............. 89 bisselli, Argyrosomus tullibee...-... 473 Coregonus tullibee ........ 473 bistrispinus, Bodianus ............- 1234 +, nyt’. eae eke 1233 bisus, Scomber <..2.<-2:22-- cee 867 bivittata, Elacate ......2<. 22a 948 Hatiperca 2... 22 3.sesneee 1205 bivittatus, Centropristis -.......... 1205 Cheerojulis--2:-223ss20= 1597 Halicheres ...-.. 2.22.2 1597 Hy bopsis..::.22. senses" 253 Iridio..- ==... ee poe 1595 Labrus <.=225:5s2e eee 1596 Minnilaus :--2 22.522 233 Platyglossus.-..........- 1597 Serranus. <..2:2.22225ee 1205 bixanthopterus, Caranx............ 926 Black and yellow Rockfish......... 1825 Angel --: <2 s22222t eee 1679 Black-banded Rockfish............. 1827 Sunfish ;2=.22+45052 995 Bags: -..2:2:::.55se eee 1010 Large-mouthed........- 1012 Small-mouthed......... 1011 Black-belly..--...:.:. ope ss eee 26 Bullhead 222. 225.2 141 Croaker 2.2222 2335- eae 1456 Drums=i: 255252 see eee 1454 Blackfin... 2322342025553: 02e eee 472 Snapper :sss.s2-2) eee io =e OL Black-fish..........- 207, 963, 1199, 1200, 1578 blackfish, Labrus---27-----5==—eeeee 1578 Blackfishes, Alaska.....-....s..-- 620, 261 Grouper--eceeeeeeeee 1161, 1174 Grant 2343 ase 1297 Guativere.--.2...-.-22 1146 Harry <- 2. l2scecneeesee 1199 Black-head Minnow...........-.--- 217 Blackhorse: 3225265 <2 224222 aeee eee 168 Black d ewfish: «: :225:2.5s5eneeee 1161 Moray :.-:+:22:2¢25o5 eee 396 nosed Dace 2:22 2.6.50seeneeee 305, 307 Oldwife:::.222322 eae 1711 Perch: - 2:25.22 3ssconenen eee 1504 Pilot: s3sssccccges. -2-sssas56'se52-= ~~ 2016, 2864 acuticeps ..........--- 2864 embryum -......---.- 2016, 2864 giobiceps .....<....... 2017 bryosus.. --. 2017 Uo TTT TRS ee ee os = Sa 2344, 2377 Sneaks. - os. ---nsssthencs 2435 PINE n> > ane den scene ees <= 2344 CSE eae ae one ae a cee ee nn 2346 PPCMIMGRHINUE) 0 00sn<0<0cssemcscoeee 2360 Blennioid Fishes. .......:.-......-.- 2343 Blennioidea ..... Se a 2343 Te GT TEGTHG ee See ee eee 782 blennioides, Diplesion.-...-.......- 1053 Etheostoma ........--- 1033 | Tet TLS eee ee 2386, 2390 blennioperca, Hyostoma .....--...-- 1053 Blenniophidium -.-...-..-.......-.--- 2428 petropauli-......-. 2430 Blennius ......- See eo rsa ee 2377, 2378, 2553 alectrolophus -..-...-.---. 2422 | RMGPICANUS, - => ona = == 2457 anguillaris ............-- 2436, 2457 BSLOEIAR Gs soe eae eee =a = 2383 [estar ct ee See 2394 breyipmmnis --2-<.65<5-. =. 2391 capiti levi---.. ere 2438 CAPDLINUS 22225 bs aaneees en 2378 GHGSS 5.2 saeco se 2555 GUIALUGicee-= ea ae 2457 (Clinus) lumpenus ..-..--. 2438 Crt 1: eee ie eee - SE 2383 oristatus:-s- -4--s.5-s.5=- 2382, 2383 dolichogaster .-....-...-.. 2417 OBO DOUN = ~ poems eee 471 diplotrenia ...... eee 1582 Blgb i. -- 155 guativere <.....cses-seeee 1145 Blow6t's?-222-2~-- = =-224==ee-e 1733 jaPUSr scc2u2 eee eee ee 849 Blow-fish, Spring-back.-.....--.---- 1734 Marginatus .....--.c-ss-5 1174 Blue: PACK sees eee a=- eee ease 426 pallidus;2.:..2-tsce =e 1433 Mallet = vse secemadesa ss 813 panamensis..-.-....-..-- 1141 Salmon: -22-- 22s-e 2-2 - 481 pectoralis-. - #:".s4-seee= 1582 Trout ---22ss-es-e sees 514 pentacanthus............ 849 Trout of Lake Crescent.. 2819 pulchellust =. 2 2--seee= 1584 Blue Bream ..-.--+-----2---2--2=-- 1005 punctatus 5 -..555--s5see8 1146 Catizs. 22. San. /F -2- eesti 134 punctiferns:--252.-----2- 1147 WOR ties cone scenes seep menert = 1875 TUDOL's oe occu eee 1265 Dagebiee see ee ae a one ea 1088 rufus «...25sseeeeeee 1135, 1583 DUOTUU Poo a2 oa g oae ee owe sal 425 TUpeStTIS <.0- 2 2o oe nee 990 Mullet 2. -<-2<0s~ === ee 1 191 stellifers....'..<.s.u2 sane 1443 Parrotcish)-- +. =. a-seeo2-9= 1636, 1652 striatus... 28222 secceenee 1259 Perch 2-2... a ate ny See eee 1505, 1577 teniops. .2 4. oo e.4a5 sees 1144 Pilg ec cas obs oe nee 1021 triurus). <2y.cnes sore 1236 Gharks!.s.+--05-2seean eames 33 Vivanetccs.c.ssca eee 1257 Snes, 2-2 -se5ssoee teens 1005 | hodianus, Bodianus................ 1583 Surgeon. .......--------------- 1691 Cossyphus .............. 1583 TBM 8 bene ats een eee 1691 | Bodieron)-.. 22. 2-35 5s emesis eee 1867 Blue-breasted Darter-....-.-.------- 1076 | Boeostoma brachiale -.......-...... 2698 Binelin= -secekk ose el eee 472 reticulatum..:.........- 2696 Bluefish, California. ---.-<-5--=---- 1410 | Boga ice0 05 25s0ss5-22seeereseeee 1365 Bluefishes...----------------------- 945, 946 | Bogoslovius.-.----------- (sda weeeone 2574 Blge-e le see seen e a sees 1005 Clarkin. . oan eS eeee a 1780 Radulinos ..2s22seeceneee 1919 SO OOM 9 cere ron ae nt nt ee 442, 450 Uranidea..--- hiwa ones 1968 bocona, Sardina .-..----..222...22.. 449 | Boleosomartss.--55556-2-5ee- ce senor 1054 BOGIRMUS : oc wan sala sats e aa netieamers 1148, 1581 SSOPUS 2.6056 Sees 1057 acanthistius .-..-ss42-t=¢. 1147 barrattit.-=-s2eeceeeees 1102 ROHAN, os ost a sata 1011 CAMULUM \5- 5+. caeee eee 1060 PE eee erp ocer rere cc, 1174 chlorosoma ....----..-.- 1060 argyroleucus.......5..-.- 1433 copelandi). <<. 5 cc sceaswes 1046 OVW rccictnardtcccsasestacs 1265 fusiformis ........--.--- 1102 Index. Page. Boleosoma gracile.......----.---+-- 1102 lepida:s2tee.2 3st 1089 lepidiam, 2225-52 ---55ce 1089 lonpimanus:2-..-.-..-:- 1054 maculatum .......--.- 1057, 1077 mutatume: 5-2 -2uss5.5+= 1057 MIGTUM) 252556 2 s-0s senses 1056 effulgens-.-.-.-- 1058 maculaticeps.- --- 1058 meseum ---..... 1059 olmstedi .--..---- 1057 vexillare........ 1058 olmstedi brevipinnis. - . - 1057 Niet: eee ee 1052 podostemone.....-....-- 1055 Pottsil < mos co eks seb) 868 IBONIUGN ~oee rises pa a eee aE 871 Bonmeielead ea ss 2 as see 44 BONY-NSN oss we eee Nenaces tae os 410, 433 IS Only SHISHER een oe ca ee 113 Ganoldye soso = eer ee ee | 107 Bony-tail- 2-6-2. Jeno Beis te 226 IBOOhO0! S.< 222 os eee ee ee 891 hoops Caranxec c: --5 ey eee eee oe 922 Centaurns:- 23; oo. seks 1755 Miy choplina =. .spt.s Sete oa et 572 INGERODIS eos fos oe ee ee 268 OREPACION So ecaes seus ees 1755 PCODBLUS cso pavao eee s oa eeee 572 dba 0) Dir ts Meee ye 922 IBOLDOLY Sirs os oe oe oe es sete ae 633 bores; hucioperes......---- 247 decayonis. 2272 Bowdlai .:-. 22:02 2222252—2 ROG 113 Rhamdia ............- 151 Rowhiec256 20! 2st eee 111,112 | brachypterus, Holocentrus......... 852 bowmani, Plargyrus --....--------- 283 Lutjanus..--..---..- 1268 Box, Tobacco: -=2225-4-22-55=5s-"=- = 68 Neomenis..........- 1268 Boxacdon fo5 8-84.56 222322s2e25ce- 1365 Pimelodus .-......... 152 brachiale, Boeostoma..........----- 2698 Remoropsis .....-..- 2272 Sparisoma..-.--...--.--. 1641 Thynwus- = 2aeseee 870 brachialis, Achirus .-----------.--- 2698 Zygonectes----...-.- 682 Ammocetes.:.--------- 34 | brachyrhinchus, Acipenser -.--.-.. 104 Baiostoma.........-.-.. 2698 Brachyrhinus ....---..t.< -. 93 - horridus ..----..-- 388 brachiurus, Gymnotus ......-.----. 340 | brachysomus, Calamus...-.--.-.--- 1353 brachiusculus, Grammicolepis . -..- 974 Epinephelus . .-..--- 1154 brachyacanthus, Amiurus...-...--. 14] Sparus’----2-2-Jccne~ 1353 brachycentrus, Gasterosteus....--. 74g | brachyurus, Oxydontichthys- .----- 385 Nauclerus ......-... 900 bradfordi, Porocottus .-232seas~=< 2485 brevicauda, Pomoxys............... 987 Balnio: 5.5 .62eenno 2c 493 brevicaudata, Brevoortia tyrannus. 434 IBTOVICODR cp =o sas ae oue es west oeen 116 breviceps, Evorthodus.............. 2208 Gasterosteus .-...--..... 746 TEARS... cian tend sate 1423 Moxostoma'/iss--<2-:-2.. 196 PROMOS). <2 oee San nes 1003 Ptychostomus ........... 196 brevidens, Gonostoma.............. 579 brevimanus, Gerres ................ 1377 Tetragonopterus -...... 335 brevipes; Liycodes: «22. :55-5.2-=-<- 2467 brevipinna, Scymnus.........-..... 57 SOMNIOSUS .. ..2 2 sn. 57 brevipinne, Ditrema.......-.....-.. 1499 Pristipoma 2.226 5=:-..-4'- 1341 brevipinnis, Blennius .....-...-.--- 2391 Boleosoma olmstedi -- - 1057 Hypsoblennius.....-.. 2390 Isacielia, --2-.- 522.222: 1341 Orthopristis.......---- 1341 Thynnichthys......-.. 869 Dh yNVWS . 552205 cesce=s 869 brevirostris, Chasmistes...........-. 183, 199 Cololabis)-<~22....5..2% 726 Gerreni282 225. soe aee 1376 Hippocampus .......-.. 776 Histiophorus.......... 892 Hypoprion ..........-. 41 2928 Index. Page. Page. brevirostris, Macrognathus........- 723 | Brosmophycis ventralis..---..--..- 2503 Saurus 2/222 sos encsecs 6338.) ‘Brotula,. «222. 03.24 --s0c5s. .--oecceess ese 1754 | Brown Cat ...22552--440s2eeeeeeeee 142 Cetengraulis.-.....2---5.... 450 Hind. 23.5. 2\3-025eeeeeeeeee 1142 Enpraulis- ..5-.2seseon-07-=~ 450 Rocktish:. 2222341322 53ssenetee 1817 Tyntlastes== 2 3-6 == 262 | browni,; Atherina.........-=--..-..- 443 brevispinis, Sebastichthys --.-.---- 1788 Engraulis 3.2222 32seteseee 443 Sebastodes .....--..--- 1787 Hemirhamphus ....--.--..- 723 brevoorti, Argyriosus ..------------ 936 Solea....4-s)5- + en Sees 2701 Euleptorhamphus -...--- 724 Stolephorus .........-...--- 443 Brevoortia -..2..----.sesees=oese~=< 433 Vomer. .25222 2s eeeeeee 934 tyrannus --.------.----- 433 | Brown-winged Sea-robin .....-.-..- 2167 RUPOAC wes ea as 434 | brucus, Squalus ---.2=---5--seeseeee 58 brevicaudata - 434 | brunnea, Maynea.:2- J23.00-seeeeeee 2476 patronus ....-. 434 | brunneus, Amiurus -..-.-..-..-.-.- 142 brevoortii, Brama ..--.-------------- 959 Catulus !:202222e-- eee 24 bricei, Cheetodon --.----.--------- -- 1678 Gobing:..2scSeseeeeeeee 2218 bristol, Emmnion-.-..------------ 2375 Diyophis 2... 2.2202-4-25ee" 350 Broad Sliad soseessse teeters eam 1372 Serranus' 225). DReeeeeee 1175 Wilritefishi:22-20-cessseeeuens 464 Trisotropisu.22es sents eee 1175 Broad-head, Grubber -.-.-------=++- 447.| Brycom...~.- 3. .2-cstse eee eee 337 broccus, Balistes ------------------- 1716 dentex .2.2:3-2339 eee 337 Monacanthus...----------- 1716 atriatulus: 30.652 eee 337 Brochet de Mer ...----------------- 1118 | bryoporus, Spratelloides.....---.... 422 brodamus, Cottus......------------- 2066 | Bryostemma -.........:---..--+----- 2408 Brook LampreyS --..-.------------- 12 nugator-=.2--5 nesses 2410 Silverside\s2-sasenacees eae 805 polyactocephalum .. 2408, 2409 Stickleback .....-..-....-..- 744 | bryosus, Blennicottus globiceps.... 2017 Sucker/2-see eer ec ers e == an 178 | Bryssetwres~<_ 2-4-5) -sseee eee 2328 Prout -:2 ssescessestee eras 506 pinniger...:2-0.4 Sees 2328 Trout of western Oregon..-.. 501 | Bryssophilus......-.------------- 2329, 2330 IBTOSING So -- en's) meee = al 2961 | Bryttus |. .2.. ssa2e-cctoce esas 2561 reticnlatus 2 225-26+s===-eee 998 Drosmie!-.--<-.osseecre = 2561 signifer. |. Js. esses -seeaees 996 flavescens .........------- 2561 unicolor --..<\eanee eee 1001 Asvesny 22-2. ass = enn ene 2561 | Bubalichthys .-....--------------.- 163 IBN SMALUS. soon ee neces = 2502 altus...:.5'2oeeeemen 165 VULS ALIS oe onnin wee sese een 2561 bonasus! i. festecen en 164 Brosmophycin® ......--.---.------- 2498 bubalinus--......-...- 165 Brosmophycis .-...-.---..---------- 2502 bubalus .-..22--....- 516 marginatus .......... 3502 DIGer ..- 220 cccenseens 164 Index. Page. Page. IBM baliehthiseiQlnsa- saa ace eo. one 162) Bren biG kl eke see aan eee ee TAT Pr palin ClO oe sae cine ees == 273 " Burr-tish; Common. 2: 3-2-5 555-5 - 1748 Cyprinelias-------.------ 21> Ban HS Os ere bese ae maene en ai a 1747 bubalinus, Bubalichthys --.-.------- NGS | ospbeagh) ee So Soo ecg oee 1333, 1327 POU GINGHAR saan e Ane === Pate w | Mepis cise Rk BORE eee ee 1325 IN OURO RISE tame =e noe = =a'= vaio ASiadhiee eo AGc es oe ese ere asec csc ee 1332 Dubalis, Cottus.....-.-----=.------- 1972 Blanco wesee ee eee et n 1328 Myoxocephalus..-..--.---- GRAN Ist ey Wee Pe She oe es Ses aaee 1329 bubalus, Amblodon -.-....---.------- 165 | burtonianus, Cyprinus....«..----.- 2798 Bubalichthys -./:--.s-- <<< 165 | busculus, Prionodes............---- 1211 Catostomus .....--.....-.- 165 Butirinus maderaspatensis .....--. 415 Ichthyobus -.....-...-..-- 164) |W butleri, Poecilia. 222-252 ..--2---= == 691 TI@inG ifs) Abas sesh Se nee 164 | butlerianus, Pecilichthys-.-...-.-.- 1102 SN Ge ea eee 1494) Botterca hiss... 2550 es 967, 1144, 2416, 2419 buccanella, Lutjamus..---------.--- 1262 |) Butter-fishes ........ ss.cccee-cccnae 965 Mesoprion ..--..--.---- PU Tinted ih en ae Ree Sarr eae eet 1677 Neomenis :---.-- 522... 1261 Butterfly-fishes ........-...-.---. 1669, 1672 buceata, Ericymba -.-.-.-----.----- 302 |, Butterfly, Ray,.-=<-.<05-sa---<0s-s<= 86 bucciferus, Labrisomus...---..----- PaliB IAM bara aN eo nae esc eee SCSS Rat ee 411 bucco, Moxostoma..--.-..--.---.----- 190 LS Oe ee ee es eee 411 Ptychostomus .--.---------- TOM Bu thites, .s4— eA ta eo a 2504 bucculentus, Chonophorus.....---- 2236 LID Ch RE aes ee Saree 2504 buchanani, Notropis ......----.---- 2800 | Bythitinw..........- Paactscduaae sae 2498 Pe lG COG sone fie kan pete falsn = === 1875 | Common .....--.----------- 1Gt) Weaballa, Cybiam.<23-.s<0s-55-6 5. 876 fishes ..--...-.-------------- 163 Scomberomorus..-.-------- 876 MOMORG co scsareee n= = = 4 IGS iGanallennte:aas5 ced Sosce ost ea oS 1255, 1257 iRazor-backed .-:--<...--.-» 164 | caballerote, Anthias.............-.. 1257 eg wAOuUnh oe saan eee own 163 Enijanns \.252..s2ss5-- 1257 Small-monthed ......-...--. 164 (Mesoprion:..5-265.26- 50 1257 Sucker-mouthed .-.....--..- 164 Wonballus: Caranw. <2 2 fone cane escniee 921 buffalo, Acipenser.....---...-.--..- ROG: |) Cabanas seca = ee 1423, 1889, 2321 Ineo uOpiMaus..- 2. 2s. <=. sas ....-...----.-- 641 TERT gee ee ee So oe 1650 | cenosus, Pimelodus .......---2----- 140 IST fess see ae dock cece Soca SS 938 (emroles,; Chola... 5. 2 555- semen = = = 277 homnivac balintes:*..2----2--6----< 1701, 1711 Clapei-nn anor aeaceeoe oe 421 BEEP OLA ee cate ee ceria ona a 2550 Cedomass memes seas ee 277 Ler SES oe ee Reb nor eeeee oer 1577 Coryphzena........-..... F 1653 burgall, Ctenolabrus............... 1577 Male iiitiacasesa seca os ela - 423 2930 Index. Page. Page. exrulea, Novacula.-..-.-..------.-- 1653 | California Barracuda ...... secerpes 826 AHO ES -- Ja- = see on 1577 Big Skate -.2.-.-.feeeeee 72 ceeruleatus, Acronurus .-..--..----- ~ 1691 Bluefish’ .sbceteeeeees 1410 czruleo-aureus, Harpe. ------------ 1583 Bonito 232 iss 20-t eee 872 ceruleopunctatus, Acara .....---.. 1514 Conger Hel. 2-.s-ecesseee 395 cerulescens, Arius...----.--------- 129 Dogfish <)-2.22-5=.seeeee 54 Galeichthys ---.-...-. 2776 Hagfish : ..-s2s0-seueeee 6 Hexanematichthys -.. 129 Herring -.<.se2 sence eee 422 Pimelodus....-.--...- 135 Jewiish 25. -.c-scssaeces 1137 ceruleus, Acanthurus ......--.---. 1691 Lancelet ...<-2-scsesceme 4 Carcharhinus: -:-:.---2.. 37 Pompano. -s.ce.cceeeeeee 967 Carchariaa- 522.5.) 52-s~- 37 Redfish |. 25223--3eeee 1585 (Cheandsoes-ses ee eee 232 Sardine «..... ssastecnes 423 Clupanodon -......-.....- 423 Smelt. <2. 2. esse eee 806 Ctenolabrus:.<<-+--2<-5-- 1577 Sole.:---e.e8 cn eeh ence ee 2613 Cyclopterus .........-..-- 2097 Stickleback <...-22peseee 751 Notropis! £22--2-24s6=ese. 277 Stingray --.:<2s os eee =e 1382 Maat sore ee. 2185 | camelopardalis, Mycteroperca tigris 1187 egllinrus Js2.c. 524 --<-- 2187 Serrafius << 2-5-5234 1187 himantophorus ....... 2186 | campbelli, Moxostoma ............. 186 pauciradiatus......... 2188 | DANO. oe ses nos ven ddas nal 508 pelasious 2222022552... PTET CHEST Pe eh se = ee I Ee 987 callipteryx, Campostoma........... 206 | campechianus, Lutjanus ........... 1265 Balimemmbe Oliola:.- cia stasnsetecace 273 Mesoprion.......... 1265 odOMacsssas. dock cececes 273 | camperi, Scombresox.............-. 725 LEC) (1 Ea a ee O79 | (Campostuiid seas 2. .ss es ase as 204 MELO CIS cara ee sae cc 272 anomalum ............ 205 callisoma, Herpetoichthys..--.....-. 384 callipteryx)......---.- 206 SOTIEA ah SO(n ne 276 ui > sea ee as 206 CodOMs. -a2sc nese es oS 276 formosulum .-.....-.-. 206 callistins, Notropis.....--2-:-...... 276 gobionium..........,. 206 Photogenis .-........... 276 Hip pops. sssee owe na ees 206 Tne 6G) 6 ae ae ee er 275 MOrMyrus ........-... 206 Crypriniella ss. cc de eeeeaes 275 NAGHbUN 4S. as 206 Etheostoma..--........... 1011 OFUSENM = 2- -ss.s- sossse eo nieces eee 521 | Capitaine... ::... 27222. eee eee 1579 @ane di Mare oo toss aseee on see eee 48 | capite, Eleotris plagioplateo........ 2201 canescens, Chetodon.....------.--- 1688 Labrus Obtuso,. s2csceeeeeeee 1609 Fann sss wcsteaan eee 1688 | capiti levi, Blennius......-..... was 2438 caning, AMia-. 22.2.5 2ccevee ee ose 113 capito, Poromitra.- 2-2. 23+4eeeseeeee 840 caninianus, Scopelus.....--.------- 570 | capitulinus, Mugil ..-..--2.--...... 2841 éaninus, Caramx 3202 see8 2222 eee 921 | caprinus, Argyrops ........-....-+. 1345 Lachnolaimus...-..--.---- 1580 | Balistes’s-<2e--se5 sealeee ae 1702 iriure eee as sari ss Sas 1352 Catostomus .-.-...- i seeee 168 @anis Garcharias = 2522 2 Sec meeeoese 38 Otryuter . 7. 222tecese eee 1345 Ganis, Mastelus:2:- +c -see-er e562 ~- 29 Stenotomus .............. 1345 Selmore sss eat asco teee ons 479 | \Caprisens ¢.. 22 ---.-e-n ace eaeeeee 1699, 1700 Gapuadirss 2222222 Sete ce 29 | capriscus, Balistes -.....-....-..-.- 1701 canna, Hemulon..-.-..--.-------- 1297, 1299 muriumdentibus minutis 1720 Cannorhynchus - ---2...-.2-2..---22 756 | caprodes, Etheostoma ...--......... 1027 cantharinum, Pristipoma -----...-. 1340 Pereina . /22,22:-55-b eee 1026 cantharinus, Orthopristis.....-.. 1339, 1340 manitouleege se eee 1028 Cantharus nigromaculatus.--.---.- 987 “Zebra ...2o5sae2e0 1027 Cantheriness+52s52seuseaneeeeo=ans 1713 Sclens. <2... sos soe 1027 CAVOUE ee eseseec arse 1713 | Caproids-:--.-.4-s5s:esee eee 1663 pullusi--a-—a-—----5-% 1713 | Caproidea.---.---.--.-------------- 1663 Canthidermis -----------.-------.-. 1705 | Caprophonus: ----- 7-2 eesuseeeeee 1664 maculatus ...-..-.. 1706, 1707 @ULOLa. -.s4seseee ee 1665 BODNLOF sot aeee 1705 | capros, Antigonia .......------2..2- 1665 SUMNER 2st see 1706 caramura, Murenophis .--.........- 395 willughbeii..:.....-- 1707 | Carangichthys ..-.---...-2..--2: 916, 917, 922 Canthigaster..-...-..-...---------- 1741 | Caranpid®:.:...6- = cages eseeeee ae 895 caudicinetus.........- 1742 | Carangoides. -.-2-2-s--aessee eee ee 928 lobatis<-+3 isc: eases 1732 | blepharis'. 22-22-25 see 932 punctatissimus~-..-..- 1741 | CiDl..-ccesaae eee eee 920 Tostratus ~........2..- 1741 dorsalis. ---sapeqessbeee 930 Canthigasterid@ .-.........---.--.. 1740 gallichthys 2222222. 932 Canthirhyncns=--=--scees—= sae stern 2088 iridinus =. .25e¢enasee- 919 monopterygius...... 2092 | orthogrammus..-...-.- 928 Canthorhinus - -------------.--.---- 1713 | carangoides, Seriolophus -..-......-. 895 Cantilefia, Mojarra =.-..2:2-22222525 1369 | Carangops.--.--;-=---+-2e eee 912 apelin >= <.. = 2225525. Saas eee : 520 heteropygus...........-.6 913 capensis, Aledon: << 222i .e-.-8-5 2 1754 secundus ss 26.227 eee ee 914 Carcharodon .......-....- 60 | carangua, Caranx ---.7----ctcueeeee 920 HUGDS>saeeeeree reed = 410 | Carangus .......----.-0s2e=)=oe=eer 915, 916 Scorppna: sijesss2=s- se. oe 1833 chrys08'...: 927 OUVIOK eats ~ ces NGTSALB aeons see e ws a= 930 WINGUNE) 225s 2t% .-.sc+.0--s)2-s0->-~- @rythrurus -....--.2------.- 920 plumierianus -.....-- PAIGROUS).-- = <= --—-- = 913, 2844, 2845 | carapinus, Coryphenoides...-....-. fallax .....--.<-0----------- Vas OAPAND een teeta = ace oa eee ere ee fasciatus ..-....------------ 914 | carapo, Gymnotus...-.-....:-...... FOSUONL.= 2-52-02 005-2-<--==8 Bass (COANE Da ance Sete co 2 eee eel ao PROTA) ceiste nemo e aah ae ese 925 SUPER aon 52a ee eta fay AS Ge ee ee 914 fasviaths <24200 cee ee POOP MIAWUS oe si-qeae = = came 927 inequilabiatus............. PREATOD <- - wonacene eee =e oo 2 22) acen 22 -aee ee JT eee ee Sse 927 | Carbonero, Ronco.......--.---.---- > macsrollus:..-ss-.5 opens 909 | carbunculus, Etelis ..........-..... macrophthalmus --.--..-..--.. Off Oareharhines's2=--. -2-=--eace-5-—-— MAlPinAauls---=--s==<-=---=—- 927 areolar bias <22ae ecm 33, 35 MONGNICOLB 24-6 2522s = n= = 924 BCTUNOLHS 230s — WUTOAGH)-.=---5-s--s= "5 == - 908 Ceermleus) 2-2 -2esee 921, 2846 927 912 928 908 923 919 908 908 914 923 911 934 934 927 928 926 908 932 910 910 910 918 921 952 911 2579 340 341 340 2497 341 341 201 201 1145 1027 1300 106 2534 2533 509 919 1300 1283 28 36 40 2934 Index. Page. Page. Carcharhinus cerdale .........--- 2746, 2747 || Cardenal 2s. --. 2. .s.s.-ses eae ay 1108 commersoni .--.-.--- 38 Bonaci: 35...-.25 faeces 1173, 1174 falciformis-..-<<....- 36 Mojarra. is 2-stasoeeee eee 850 fronto ..25 sctiesSecmere 39 | Cardinal fishes... ...- 2. -es52esee eee 1105 glaucus:.--2--2=seeue 33 | cardinalis, Serranus.-..........---.. 1174 henlel -- 5. 22825203 37, 2746 Trisotropis; .ssseive--eee 1174 Jamin.3-<-Redzeueee 38 | Cardonniera...-.-..-....46-5 eee 1837 Jamies; .\ox-a>scue 37 | Careliparis..--.5.2.203---——=eeeee 2114, 2115 16t1G08)s) 22s Coste 38.| Caremitrs :52..5--2- seen 2129, 2130, 2131 limbatus. .<, <<< 5255. 40 | Carenchelyi...-.---2.-}sdsuseneeeee 343 milberti ..2.::<-222~< 37 | Careproctus ..........---.-- 2199, 2130, 2131 nicaraguensis .-.---. 39, 2747 colletti. .-....208eee 2131 ODSCUIMS je rmcceneees 35 ectenes —-s.tccoseen 2136, 2866 oxyrhynchus ........ 40, 2747 gelatinosus ........- 2134, 2135 PELOAL, S.25-he eee ee 36 melanurus -......... 2135, 2867 platyodon ........... 39 ostentum ......csc-eee 2134 platyrhynchus ...... 36 phasma . .< ..s 52 eeee 2132 remotiBe-22=5--.0505ene seen 2131 AMEMCANUS |. coe semees 47 Spectrum... ..5..2..seue 2133 atwoodi-s..0.stveeeccent 50 | caribeum, Branchiostoma.......... 3 emrnlens > 22-22 sees 46, 2748 | Salmo: <.... =<--ese= eee 493 long arigi 2.23 Sasseeeece 42 carminale, Tripterygium........... 2350 Micrppss-.-222 2 ee assess 40 carminalis, Enneanectes ........... 2350 milbertd £22 -- see 37. carminatus, Ccelorhynchus -....... 2588 | mulleri) 332: 2. eee 40 | Macrnurus,.:... Sees 2589 obscurus <:-tnztessscseae 35 Macrurus (Celorhyn- oxyrhynebus).-25.c8-26 41 ChUS),-.-<<2see Ee eee 2589 Poresns.-c)- pose 37 | carnatus, Sebastichthys ............ 1825 punctatus) 2522-2. 4--- 42 Sebastodes -.....2..2.-2-2 1824 terre OVS 2222-322. 22 43 | carneus, Acronurus ............-:.2 _ 1692 tripTris + jess SRE ees 49 | Gobiesox.22--..-.--e52eeeee 2337 WEREN oe YSeUe REL S- EeD 50 | Sicyases...<..5-ciccsaseenes 2337 carcharias, Canis.....-.-........-.. 38 | carole, Cantherines ...........5--.- 1713 Carcharodon....:....... 50 | carolina, Argentina .....-.......... 410 Squaltis 055 UE resents 38, 50 Atherinin. 2... 5.<2.a2ee see 791 Carchariid e422 /sacced-o eae 46 | TDrigha.. 23 32-ca55 ee eee 2156, 2172 Carcharodion '-.2=--~ 2.0.02 ones oe. 50 | Carolina Whiting .-.--........----. 1474 capensis ..:.-...-.-22. 50 | caroline, Potamocottus ..........-. *~ 1952 carcharias........2-.. 50 | carolinensis, Balistes .........-.--.- 1701 rondeleti ............. 50 Cestreus .--.22.cuneeee 1409 Minithie Ves te ssc cezs 50 Clupea -.-. 32. st.eeeeee 434 Carcharodontin®- .-...........c-0- 47 Cynoscionss<.-s-s22sss20s55 5. 193, 196 UNO: 2c > oe eacd 176 bernardini.: 22. Ss<:2257 178 bostonensis -....-...-. 179 pubaliig).<722s53-s25255 165 CAPTINUS s22-.5 fssd-450 168 CALPIO Tis. so yo. o eases 166, 190 catostomus.-......... 176, 2792 chloropteron .......-.. 179 OLATHE. savor saeaumcies 172 Catostomus commersonii ..-.....-. 178 COMMUNIS). 5..--.s5 ens 179 @ ‘congestus: .-Go-—-saeee 192 Cypho. ...s525.5¢ ese 184 discobolus-........ 172, 175, 2791 duquesni. «55: .se= 193 ‘duquesnti\.32 -aese2 eee 198 elongatus ---..--.-.... 169 erythrurus:.2-5----se5 193 fasciatus cscs s-s5eee 187 fasciolaris.:2. 22 -ene 186 fecunduss-<-225,ce565 180, 2794 flexu0Sus: -.- se. esse 179 forsterianus..........-. 176 generosus'-252-.<-ee-e 170 gibbosus .- 5-2 s..2-2223- 25-2 5. .- 355 Trachinotus.-...-...< 945 Leptocephalus .......--- Demwy | CORY GING oo amnion aiaelte Seo owes 2265 caudilimbatus, Conger.-........-.- 355 | gnichenoti 2527520282255. 2265 Hehelag 2252. 3 2.=-. 355 || ‘Cayennsis,, Vomer...-22).02225-----. 934 Leptocephalus ....-. 355 | cayorum, Corythroichthys -...-.-. 2838 candimacula, Diplodus..........-.. 1363 | Ogaibra,® 3222 = Seana vores 2503 Hemulon..... 1299, 1302, 1309 | cayuga, Eucalia inconstans.-....... 744 SRECUSHE ests es oe 1363 WOtT@pIS) o> 3502-25 35--~- 260 caudispinosum, Macrostoma ------ 556, 2826 atrocaudalis ....-. 260 eandispinosus, Notuscopelus.: ..---- 556 Cazon de Playa - =. -.22husss5: - 22... 36 3030 107 2938 Index. ; Page. Page. Cebedichthyinz: -..-......-....-.-- 2349 | Centronotus gunelliformis........- 2421 Cebedichthys----.-.-<-----.-22-— 2426, 2869 gunnellus(<6-222ee=e 2419 oristapalliics-c-se—oee eae 988 | Centrophorus ceelolepis .......----- 55 SUG A Sena eee eee 990 | centropleura, Cottus semiscabra --. 1945 fasciatus \-% =: -5525+. 1012 | Centropomid.:.--.- 25... ---5seeee 1116 hexacanthus..-...-..-- 987 | Centropomus-- <2. 2c..--205sneseeeee 1117 interruptus. .-..--.--- 991 affilis |... soe aeeee 1124, 2853 macropterus...---.--. 988 | alburmas =. S-s- 1945 nigrescens ........... 1119 maculosus -.--. 2014 _ parallelus ..-......--- 1122 uncinatus..---- 1906 pectinatus -.....-.... 1122 centrina, Callorhynchus..-.-.-...---- 95 pedimacula .......-... 1119 Goentriscuss =<: sSaeee-aeeee- = e 759 robalite =< 26-222 soee 1123 scolopax..<.2s-s=s- === === 759 TUDeNS <2oeeeeeeneeeee 1107 Centroblennitis < 22s - sos. eos ev eee =< 2435 BCADEL. - cisco wevseeos 1124 WUDUUS -Sa-se es 2438 undecimalis.-.-...... 1118 centrognathus, Zanclus .-...--..--- 1682 undecimradiatus ...-. 1119 Centrolabrus = .-.----------e ees ee are 1575 | unionensis .......---- 1122 exoletus'----u-ssees 1576 Viridis <2. 2:3 53sees 1138 Centrolophid@ --....-.....--.----..- 962 | .Centropristes). == .<<2-se-sese= eee 1198 Centrolophine ...........-----..... £62 | annularis...--<2 ene 962 | atrarins 22 s2esepse-oa 1200 pens eee 963 | aurorubens ...-.-.--. 1278 MOM 22s e se sone e 963 | AYTOSI = 25.t=- eee 1205 RIPER aera eee eae 963 | bivittatus -..-.-..... 1205 pompilus..-.....--..- 963 brasiliensis.-.......--. 1221 Gentronotus...~< o=0'2 asec 900, 2414 dispilarus <-.>.222se 1220 alectrolophus...-..--. 2422 fascicularis.......... 1208 BPUS22 =. eee eeanane=s 2430 fusculus ............. 1211 arpenteus -.-f-=.--=- 899 luciopercanus ....--- 1216 conductor «.2-'-2----5 900 macrophthalmus .... 1281 cristagalli -.<....2. 7 2423 macropoma.....----. 1206 dolichogaster..-....... 2417 MCPUS s.s 25 see 1162 dybowskii.....--..... 2431 Nigricans =2-sseeeeee= 1200 PRAGUSEIOS Ss =< ase nn 2418 oculatus..........-.- 1283 gandenil .-..--2s92--5- 948 OCyUrUS 426: -En eens 1200 Index. 2939 Page. Page. Centropristes philadelphicus .....- 1201 | cephalus, Semotilus ............---. 222 pills] (ee oeeyaeeens soc 1217) |. Copglophis ses. acne a2. cana anc san= 2477 prestigiator......--. 214s OS p pHs a saesae he aos saeco tne a «= 2540 psittacinus ...--...-- 1213 | cerapalus, Opsanus -.......-.-.----- 2316 PACA Soe ete et ae ee 1205 | cerasinus, Gobiesox.-.....---------- 2336 MAG IATNS see wel eala= 1208 Hypsilepis cornutus.... 283 SSS eee af aiielni a aeiata 1199 INGERG DIS saseree sees 283 BSirlatus:..=-esses0e52 1199} Ceratacanthus).-.-..<.<---=- 1717, 1718, 2860 subligarius.....-..-. 1219 aurantiacus .-...-.-. 1718 tabacarius..........- 1215 punctatus .......--. 2860 WG O GHEY Seseerpgersose 1202 SGM pili = lmaoo 2860 trifarca.....-..------ 1202 ACEIPUUA) ses seer =e aa 2860 trifurcus ...-.....--- 1202) S@ Granta osm epe owes eee eee eeee nas 2729 Wantropy PO): sos. <2 - +c HOG) Geratobatis o-25-~< stem > cbean=snsess 2756 orthogoriscus ..-......--- 1754 TUODOLEMIL = 2 oe sakes ee 2756 pallasianus <-2----=-.-<-- 17545 |kGeritocothus £22-2-225.052.-8--02 222 1939 Warliseee aoe tessa as 1756 Wicerans > sseseen === 1940, 1941 cephalus, Catulus.....-............ 25 Ut ee eee esas 1940 GobiéS0E).225 ser sitss- <2 PA BPA (Ofer) fh) ey: eee ee eo 92 100 eae semen oagercs 811 VaINPYIUS .-..52-s-de=e 93 Paraliparis ........-..--- 2141 | Ceratoscopelus -....------.--------- 557 2940 Index. - Page. Page. Ceratoscopelus madeirensis --.-.--- 557 | Cetominus storeri..-....-...-.--.-- 550 cercostigma, Cyprinella ---..-.--.-- 275 || Cetorhinida]. -..2.5.5.22-seheseeee 50 Minnis s325ssss2se2s 275 | 'Cetorhinus <<<: 3. 5Sss802so see 51 WOtrOpIs' +. 25.5--6=-50— 274 MaxiMNuss-S2-sse~sees ee 51 Werdale 2.253 sesases saeco eee ee aes 2448 shavianus Aveseeepeee= 51 TOR CHAS so ose sees See 2449 | ceuthcecum, Gobisoma -.-.-...-...--- 2261 cerdale, Carcharhinus ..-..-----.--- 2746, 2747 | ceuthcecus, Barbulifer.............. 2260 Scytalina ...-..----..------ 2454 | Chenichthyide ..-......---.-..---- 2293 Cordalidasfsss2 Settee eee 2448 | Chenobryttus.---------.:-++------- 991 CRIB eo oases ete eee ttl tes 1148 antistius 2.25. ----<. 992 acutirostris -....------------- 1181 gulosus 2322322-2-22- 992 gigas--.-..-------------------- 1154 | Chenomugil -------.--..----------- 816 MACTOPOMIS 42 sence os sts sas <2 1181 proboscideus -..--.--. 816 TCDHIOSA le = es aan ee eee 1181 | Chenopsine 2.-.-...55.55 sssase-e=e 2347 RICAN A sete te se tata eae 1162 | ‘Chzonopsis ---2.-: s:s.5.5-seeeneeees 2403 CGermier.: ss. seessssccssa sees cease 1139 ocellatus .sese2- came 2403 cernium, Polyprion..-.-------------- 1139 | Cheerojulis ...-:--:---.2:22-eeeeeeee 1587 COLOES. 3 foes noes a inne tae tea reel 875 alan gol. .2 see. ae =e eee 1597 cervinum, Lepophidium..-.-....-. 2484, 2485 bivattatus..-.--.--....- 1597 Moxostoma-.-.-- ALE Se soe 197 | cinctus......22522-5lsses 1593 cervinus, Ptychostomus .----------- 197 erotaphus! .--22.2-5-2--- 1598 enemas = seers ree = moe 197 cyanosigma ......--.--- 1591 cervus, Synauceia ....---.-----.----- 1941 grandisquamis ...-..--- 1597 CeStriclOns = oes onsen eae eee = 43 humeralis .<.* .-22-4. 225 1597 fPANGINCL) o2- <= eee ee 21 internasalis ..-..---.---- 1594 pantherinus ..-...------- 21 maculipinna.-.-.-.------- 1595 QUOYy Ue eae eee eae 21 radiatus os: oso see 1591 Cestraciont Sharks. .--------------- 19 Taptuss.23 -s.cee~-eeee oe 1593 Cestreus acoupa....----.----------- 1404 | Chetodipterus ..-........+-----.<-. 1667 altvas®. <3. 32 -.oeeie ce: 1411 faber<...-d-.sskedes 1668 carolinensiss. -=-=-scces eee 1688 xanthulum.-....----------- 1411 COUSZA . . =. -525>-2seeeces 1691 Cestrorhinus -..-...------=------.- 43 cyprinaceus....--------- 1388 cetaceus, Squalus. .....----.-------- 51 faber . 2. ¥. 2 eee 1668 Cetengraulis -......--.------------- 450 glaucus ..-.-.-.---.----. 941 DIGVIS2 2-6 s~ sane ae eee 450 gracilis: 2222 seumeeesee as 1675 edentalus --.-5.<25-48 450 bumeralis .., 2.20.2. .0e5 1674 engymen -.---.-.-.--. 2815 lanceolatus.-.-----.----- 1490 mysticetus ........--. 450 littoricola .....-.-.-..=s- 1680 Cetomimide......-.-.------------=« 549 lntescens: - = -. eons oe 160 aspidolepis .-.-.----- 159 fischeri 2 .ska2s cs oe 160 gaucharote ....-....-. 159 chagresensis, Chalcinopsis . . --.---- 337 chagresi, Ancistrus --....--..---.--- 160 Pimelodella....+.-5--<...2. 154 IPIMGlONUSS soso osee 22 154 chalceum, Pristopoma.-...--...-.--.- 1338 chalceus, Orthopristis --...-...-..--- 1337 Ghalgmoperms ces o.2-0--eeectss.5s-~- 337 chagresensis--....---- 337 MEME OR ne Selec aase os 337 BitiIAtMlOss soos. 2.22.55 337 chalcogramma, Theragra........-.- 2535 chalcogrammus, Gadus-....--.-..--- 2536 Pollachius ...-.-.- 2536, 2537 chalinius, Epinephelus..........-.. 1181 Chatinnrscas-.--es ee aetna 2576 filifera: =a sess.sewecss-* 2577 Serrala)s.ccbenceeecens -c5 2576 SimUla- cee eee ess seu 2578 halinnurns:. 22. coca ee coe ees 2576 Ghalisomea. a ares an ees seat ee oa 1699 wolata St S2stesse soos oak 1703 challengeri, Macdonaldia.....-...-. 617 Notacanthus-.---...... 618 chaly beeus, Hybopsis..---------.--- 288 IMinwilused- sack a5 52 288 Notrepis.=--.--— S525 288 chalybeius, Chlorophthalmus ....-- 542 2941 Page. chalybeius, Hyphalonedrus........ 542 chamzleonticeps, Lopholatilus....- 2278 chamberlaini, Notropis............. 2800 (OLED ey a 2 414 Chantidinyeto aoe = eee es ck 414 WhannelBass) een -csaee ce see sets 1453 Calyt tc. te speeeese ss cates 134 Cat of the Potomac........ 138 Cats2-cssce sees tse: Soo 133 Ghannomuarpena 2255 oe ae ee ae onic 404 cubensisé-ces.. --c< 404 Vibiahasos 2.62.8 404 HANGS Fa nsse ese Soe eesti s 414 arabiquse. 2. s2eecosseeec 415 CHANOS) S222. oslo se eae 414, 2807 Ghlotopterus), 2:23 sacuseeSse 415 CYDEMGUB. o-oo. eee eae 415 INGIGUBE Geet sos Soe cgute ese: 415 MNO = cee nes a eco se en 415 MUCH AIA) So cee ae dten ck sce 415 ODIENGRLIS) 225 Soe cot acs 415 HAlMOnOUS. 25 hoes osc. 2355 415 chanos; Chanepwses2-2 22a. ~< a5. Soest ee 5 =o =e ae 1722, 1723 @hapirnasge6s se- sese. ese 22 1721, 1722, 1723 Chappe oon saenee ade e ees one a 224 WiCharacind 9 535055 e-s-esssescos 2394 bosquianus....---.----- 2394 JOU BANAL es omee ates 2391, 2392 novemlineatus..-.--.--- 2393 quadrifasciatus ......-. 2392 BIDIREE hae so-so er 2392 Chatoessussees 1 esses sesame saee oe 415 cepedianus -...-...----- 416 ellipilicuss 22-6 s=-eee 416 eumorphus..--.--------- 433 mexicanus -..-........- 416 petenensis -........-.-: 417 Sipnifero. saa. eee 433 Chaufie-soleil.s 2.3532 jas. 2e essen 1548 Chaaffe-soleilst-+.-6.-t2eesceeeece= 1545 Chauliodontid@ ..-...---------.--..- 578 Chauliodontine -....-=-.-.2225-==5- 578 Ghaulio@us 222425325 s25scse2e seen a 584 MACNN wa See eee 585 richardsoni-.-.---.----- 587 schneideri,-.-.----------- 585 setinotis..23-- 2252-5 -. 585 sloane@lo=2.-4ee 1749 aliNGas couse eae eee 1750 californiensis-..--.--. 1751 fuliginosus.-...- Pee 1749 geometricus ......--- 1749 puncticulatus -.....-. 1750 reticulatus.......... 1751 sSpinesus) >. s<ene- =e 95 borealis... -.<:+s.sss55eees 95 cristata =: -:see>--e eee eeeee 95 mediterranea -...-----.--. 95 monstrosa ....-.----- aoe 94 plumbea)sdeceeeseee ee 94 Chimseroidei |. .<2veia2scaeeseeawere 93 Index. Page. ATM OS VOLS = alah wes o1steae see sews 93 Whino; Escolars. ..accscs25-26-86- 1114, 1284 Mojarrayadnca Socncieciaceacice 1377 ChinookiSalmon:- 922 20s5-22seae8 479 chiostictus, Entomacrodus ..-.-...--- 2398 Salariasiccvaa2 shear epee 860 chlamydes, Bollmannia--.-.......... 2238 Chlamydoselachidaw -............... 16 Chlamydoselachus ...........-..... 16 anguineus --.--- 16 chlevastes, Gymnothorax .......... 399 Eycodontisy... 222. - 2522: 398 DIG@eR os. oo oS 399 Pe blopsisgtsese saan acess see 364 Capavorialig =o ss. 364 enor, Oliolat <4 .-2- 20.5. aes es 263 Ghlormehuhiys =o. esaees oon 1605; 2859 bifasciatus .......-. 1609, 1610 brasiliensis.i> 126 .--% 1591 grammaticus ......... 1610 Incasanus .-..--.-..=:-- 1607 nitidissimus.......... 1608 WIGLOUS > Se sesh tks 1608 socorroensis ...-...... 1607 steindachneri......... 1609 WIEGNG). <3 en enee 1610 chloris, Pseudoscaris.-............-. 1648 Pseudoscarus:.:22s-- =... << 1654 SCavige. 5 -sa acces 225-5 1637, 1640 Scomber 322623... eek 938 ohloristia, Cligla: <1. .2 3. .2--2=- :-:22-¢208ees= eee 781, 1511 ovellaris,..22.2255-222- 2630 | Chromis...-...------+-----+++++--- 946, 1545 Cheeroichthys......-.-...-..----+-- 773 | atrilobatus --..----------- 1546 cheerostomus, Engraulis ...-.-.----. 444 | CY S06U8 \- 2-2 eae ee eee 1547 Stolphorus .... ----- 444 enchry SULUS + .s00tectace sees 990 chrysopterus, Cheilodipterus - ----- 1324 TAB CIAL S Sec aoe esd obi 1012 Diabasisls os. 52.25 1309 flomidana te =. < << dh 55758 1012 Leuciseus .........-- 221 DOTEINED oa a eras aan oa eS 1012 Orthopristis .-......- 1338 | OHIGENSISY: 82552 sess 3- = 1012 NCAENS Seesc-= - =< ae 1637 SUORGHIA coscs qaose nan eed 32 987 chrysos, Carangus .--..-..-..---.-- 921); CichlasOMa ras sac 250 ceeeeaiene se 1514, 1515 MT yHOIOBHA 0. ...e0e Seed =b 2s: .-- 954 anguliferum.........-.-- 1517 chrysotus, Fundulus.....-..------- 655 baltestum). 2-5. Jas22 1521 Haplochilus ............ 656 Bartonieso5. 26 355.53. 52 1515 Zygoneetes ......-.-.-.- 656 bifasciatum .......-.--. 1521 ehrysura, Bairdiella.......:......-. 1433 centrarchus .-3.)..+...-.. 1526 Se lelat oes sense 1434 GOppll 2 setssssse es 1524 ehrysurus, Chloroscombrus. .-...--- 938 fenestratum ...........-. 1518 Coryphena..........-.. 952 goodmanni ...........-. 1516 Dipteron ss: f.55---.5'52 1433 41051 101 Seep esty S 1521 Glyphidodon ..-...-.--.- 1567 intermedium -.-........-. 1517 DWH aMUs==s2e Sess sao. 1276 lentiginosum .-.......-. 1524 Wesoprivnee ccs. 2222-22 1276 longimanus. .-........-.. 1520 Micropteryx ...-.....--- 938 macracanthum -..--...-. 1518 Microspathodon ..-...... 1567 margaritiferum .-.-..-... 1519 OvyHnns 2222 s225 542226 1275 | melanopogon .....--..... 1523 ScombP6n. 222. sacseeee cue 938 melanurum.......--.-.. 1523 SPAPHSS os eos es sans 1276 montezuma......-...--. 1518 @hrysaus, Caranx----...--2....-..-. 921 multispinosum -.....-.- 1525 chrysypa, Anguilla...........-..... 348 nebuliferum.-..--..-....- 1524 AGW ony a eee ee reine ae 1387 nigrofasciatum ......-... 1525 Bermuda 22s ctea ste csi3 Ke. 1387 WEP so case = os a se 1519 Colambini=-o-2 eso. eee 219 rectangulare............ 1515 Flat-headed .22--<- 5.525.025 326 rostratum ..-.--.--..... 1522 Greatsseaeesees ee eeee ee 232 HiGDOldS1< =~ 2- == see =~. 1516 indian 2-2 -5..=5 act wacetsivess 322 Spilurum. ..--22252.22. 1520 INGO DOr esata eee a Sola) el S00 TT Ee Se SS SE eee 1512 RIVEN. se cee eae eee Spee) Ore OG ea a = ee 1512 Sacramento..-.-....-----...... 231 |"Ciego, Peae-..----.--- 2. -= 45-5 5-55 2501 Silver. eee eae eee cee Sl i Oe TT a ee er oor reo 907 Steelbacked .....-.-----.....- 205 ; cigonella, Belone .....-.-.----..---- 713 "PahOGs==5.-0— 52 ates cease eS 2798 \eiliaris: “Alegtis) 22-2. 2 -s2s-sese 931 (hub Mackerel: 22 2----2o-=-seeeeee = 866 Angelichthys ....-.--.-.- 1684, 1685 Chub of the Rio Grande-.-.....-...-- 233 Balisiess ==]. saseese see 1702 STE) Pe) Sey | eee pe Pee ee 184 Chistodon) -n-o2 5-05... 1685 2946 Index. Page. Page. Ciliaris, Holacanthus ..-.----------- 1685 | Cirrimens . 2s... Joos ee 1469 Pomacanthus.......-..-- 1685, 1686 | cirris, Cottus plurimis.-.........._.. 2066 ETM er ET EPER CEP ECP REI ES 932 | ‘Cirrostomes':....2, 5.4) asee eee 2 Ciliata argentata..-..:.--.-.22:---- 2559 | \Cisco--2_ 5.5.sc.- 2s sece see 468 ciliatas; Balistes tcelsccesee eee 1715 Moon-eye | ..22+-2-t asso 469 Blonyids: 243: 22 ess 2457 | Cisco of Lake Michigan............ 469 Epinephelus......-..-..--- 1784 Tippecanoe.....-.... 469 Monacanthus..--...----. 17141715 || ‘\Ciscoes- ~:~. . 5... ee 467 Petromyzon ......-----.--. 12 | cismontanus, Coregonus williamsoni 463 Sebastodes' ....---..-22--2: 1783 | Citharesdus ---.. 22. .2.cs-e= seen 1672 cimbria, Motella ..........-..--..--- 2560 | Citharichthys .................... 2678, 2682 cimbricus, Enchelyopus-.........-- 2561 ethalion: sss) fees 2673 cimbrius, Enchelyopus ....--.-..--. 2560 aramaca .........-..- 2672 Gadup te tee eee. cecee 2560 arctifrons.........-.. 2683 OnGS' 2 Lessee ete sec ans 2561 cayennensis ......-.. 2686 Rhinonemus ..-........--- 2561 dinoceros............ 2682 cincinnati, Acipenser..-.....-.---... 106 fragilis:2.222 esse 2680 cinctus, Chzerojulis ..........--...- 1593 gilbertiv2242-.- sees 2686 Siig. 5. sicte set eee eee 1593 guatemalensis ....... 2686 cinerea; Alutera..-22:.2:4essc2 eee 1720 latifrons ....2.-.....- 2674 JAIN Bs. A eee chron eee 113 Macrops -..-.--..-..- 2684 Etheostoma:.-.=-.+.2--2--- 1078 microstomus......--. 2688 cinereum, Aulostoma..-......--.---- 755 ocellatus............. 2673 Etheostoma........-...-- 1078 ovalis: 23254 -aoee eee 2674 kiystesma.-.- Ses 23-2 1372 panamensis. -........ 2677 cinereus, Aulostomus ..-......----- 755 platophrys ...-...... 2683 Gerrés PAS eee 1370 petulus--..-........ 2672 Marcrourus 2.25222 5e=cee—: 2585 sordidus:.2; sees 2679 Microspathodon ..-.--...-. 1570 spilopterus ....-.-. 2685, 2686 dorsalis. . 1570 stigmeus............ 2681 Mupilsts2 eee 1373 sumichrasti ......... 2686 Nothonotus -......-:...--. 1078 uhlerij. 242-2 ee 2684 Turdus peltatus ---...--.- 1373 WNRICOMIS: = 5-2 222=— 2683 cingulatus, Fundulus .......----... 656 ventralis ....... ialataas 2670 Pomacanthus --..-.....- 1680 xanthostigmus --.... 2680 Zygonectes.-...22-.2--. 655, 656 | Citharus -.+..-.2--5- 2222-2 coteaeece 2614 circumnotatus, Searus .--....-.....- 1641 platessoides .............. 2615 cirratum, Ginglymostoma ...-...--. 96 | citrinellus, Heros 2222.2 -2seeeeeeee 1534 cirratus; Milvus’2s25----se0-o-2eee- 9183. | Citula:..2...2.5: 5-002 se eee 929 PNYGi8 22 4-e=e eee ta 2554 banks) 2222 2ec.= == eee 927 Squalts (oss seee ee eee 26 dorsalis: . 2... eu eseeeeeaee 930 Ure phiycis*se..m. =< eee 2553 | ciuciara, Echelus..........-22--2..- 356 Cirrhisomus.....<..---.--------..-. 1729 | civilis, Hybognathus.....-......... 215 (Oring WP pore ec oecicbo sso eb eSanmor 1491 | Clam Cracker <......-.cc 28 eee 83 betaurus ---22-. 5.22... 1492"| Clamagore ..2.<. sc. .sc-- 6 eee 1652 rivulatus......5.......... 1491 | clara, Ammocrypta pellucida -..... 1063 Cirrhitichthys oe. ee eteeeee ee 1491 Menidid - 25.232... ee eee 801 rivulatus......-.... 1492 | clarias, Pimelodus .....-..... 2sgce6 155 Cirrhitidie. 222i sc See tees acne as 1490 Silurus...< Jossccnenie see 155 Cirrhitoid Fishes «.......5.0.5..-226 1490 | Claricola<.<.<-..3-ee5seeuee 1066, 1069, 1093 Cirrhitoide }. occnscse seoenteadaes cue 781 | clarionensis, Holacanthus .-..-.-..... 1683 Oirrhitoider sso rssetee neon 1490 Myripristis........... 2842 Girrhitoids 26.2. sesenecasss sees 1490 | clarionis,-Xesurus --..-.-0..-c seme 1695 cirrhosum, Lepisoma....--..--..--- 2362 | clarki, Bogoslovius ...........-.--. 2575 cirrhosus, Blepsias.....-..--------. 2018 Catostomus\.< e.cess seen 173 Erachinuses.secss cents 2019 Wario .Josa cocceseeee eee 501 Index. Page Glarki, Pantosteus --..---...2--<... 172 Plsrksri SalmMOees see osee eee oe Se 492, 2819 WOWVALEE .- 52 5's=-~'- 2819 PEDDIE aes teetas a2 = 2819 henshawi ..---..----- 2819 lewasi 22-222 -2922. 55% 2819 macdonaldi......--.-- 2819 pleuriticus ...-...... 2819 APMUPUS oe sess ee 2819 ShOMUAaS 5 —-- See a 2819 tahoensis ....-....-.. 2870 witpinaligscs.s22s26- 2819 clarum, Etheostoma pellucidum ..-. 1063 clathrata, Atratoperca ......-.---.- 1198 @lathratus, Labrax..;-.-\.....2-.--=5 1198 Paralabrax:-=--~2=<<% 1197, 1198 DOLTSM IS oes ae a ae 1198 claudalus, Hyodon.........----.---- 413 claviformis, Moxostoma -....---..-- 186 mavwirer) CObUS..<\05<--.+00 cesses 1939 MGW RTY Sse see wee --- a2 2012 CT eee ee eee a 2612 ITORTOMIUN S = aitiare wesin oa5 555 228, 230, 239 ANI s 43-5 ane wn oo 239 elongatus ......-.....- 240 funduloides........... 239 hydropploxs.s5-.-5--- 238 margarita.-...-....--- 241 SLOT RAMUS seein maim 238 pandora... ...---...---- 234 phlegethontis- --..-..- 243 PLOLI POs esas ota. na 240 (oo ae a 238 Clinus aculeatns =---=-5-<<4.-4--%..5 2433 bimacnlatys)< 2-2 <<<. 2-5 oss. 2358 GANAPFIBNSIS! 220 son oe bees es 2362 Gapillattis 2-222 seese50- soe 2362 dolalandii—.. 2-7-2 -4_-<-.---< 2359 GVICGS 2 sepae sa eee eas 2353 allie 25 eee eee ees 2358 FO De Sees en he 2 sac See 2365 herminieri 226 -sa--> os a eee ce 2362 Inumypenss eos. seesaceees ese 2438 Clinus macrocephalus.......-.-.---. Pe EY 0 hee ee ee ee nigrip ANNIG osu nc aoee sets HUCHIPINNIS seo ee CN EY i ee eine ee ee a ocellifer: 2. 56eeee nary Se pectin HOD 55st i scceser ee Der PDEs co~ see ee Se eas PRVCBUS= =o) soso ee oes (PUNGEAGUS toseneeveeisas 2o--= unima enlatys- 22228 esee ee MON Clee oo ee aurata billingsiana. 22o-ts2= se) see bubalina-2. 2-22. cscon eee ce Callistinne- ots. ices aot ee ee eallstrdss = 2-2 se see Ie GAMUT es Pee hss oot es ae chlora CUEY OPA acea tees eee tes CULV SbO TG. oe ee eee forbesi @alactora).c> 29 absences: SIDDONA = AL ones see peas aa GUNNISON 5 p25 s2dscoe cows ede hpmainr a) os «<3 da 5 sense Hudsonia cf ..375- acces tees jugalis REDWING os see sess ea Ss; lepida limpolatass.22--5.cceea aos: longiro SUNIBE 2 oS cai2 tees ae = ludthanda4s .5-< 22-286 35 5: WHOUGINO PIS seas onan ae eae RIPTOLMNIRA a. oa = 52S se 2948 @lidla ornate... see ses2l esse ses. dee PYOGUG no oom eee sae e tial )pyrrhomelas:-------- 22-2 -ee spectruncula StipmMabhers. oo -as 526s ea storeriana straminea SUSBVIS! cases sos 2 tos eee oe taurocephala PrichProOistis, s=— = <\nenocelaesels tuditamai: +e <25.2«Sseesers TMMOTON 2 eek eee eee TLostigma .-------- 2.2.2 --55- VOIOX 2) o<6 bn cane mee tonite vigilax De: 1 her, Eee or Clodalasiccn 32-22 -225- 5-42 aaeeeeee clodalus, Hiodon @lapanodon- = -=22---—- naan Clupea ceruleus pseudohispanicus SPSLIVENIS .52 gn22' 2 4-3 ee ANGHOVIS. «+ -22.s525--8eoceee APICAMA. == 59- eee ae ee atherinoides brasiliensis: = 222.5. 20ceseeee eerulen <-.-2.-2-400ce seem carolinensis «.:<2.<-22.5ee" chrysochloris elongata fasciata .....-.- weeeeeeenecee hal@e<2ciccietes gees ees harengus:.<. ses cesseeas en heterura hudaonia sso. es See eee homeralis. 2--t:acksseeseee indigena lamprotenia lataliis <6 .1.4ewttoe Sean ee leachi L[hdex. Page. Page. 271 | Clupea macropthalma...........--- 430 264 MattOWACes s «2 s0-252 neues 426 281 mediocri ;.!)...s285-2eee 426 281 amegalops::.=- 325253525 426 212 memDFas . ..Js2 sas ese 421 270 menhaden <=: 42: aes 434 267 minima! 6. 56see eee 422 253 mirabilis'.2-3i:asseee eee 422 265 meglecta.-..--25¢2) ae ees 434 275 pallasiiz....-: 22 422 270 parvola ico. esse eee 426 262 pseudoharengus..-..-...--.-- 426 272 pseudohispanica ----..----- 424 253 pusilla..9--2- eee 426 276 sading. 1-2 see 420 253 SAGaX Qos eee 423 273 stolifers.... ..35 228s 432 275 thrissa 22.2.2. See 432 253 thrissina... 22° 431 274 tyrannus. .o.ccos eee 434 253 vermalis'.: 22.73. ieee 426 298 villosa 222.00 521 2538 virescens: cs2ss5nscceteeeee 426 279 Vittata..».. 9.755252 421 280 | Clupeide: -....2228222 ee 417 412 | clupeiformis, Coregonus ..-.....--- 465, 469 413 Salmo... 20/0. 72 466 422 | (Qlupeinw-)22.=£2235.eeee22s- eee 448 434 | ‘Clnpeoides -:..2sctssee as o-oo 407 423 | elupeoides, Engraulis.............. 447 423 Stolephorus. -.......--. 447 421 | clupeola, Harengula .........-..... 429, 430 427 Sardinella:::sssccse eee 429 429 | Clupeonia ;:.;.2:.c:2s0.saaset eee 428 429 || Clypeocottus:2: 22: 222.s5 eee 1937 451 robustus:<.9:ss40aee 1938 434 |" \Coal-fish }:s-.2sc2ss2sost-n eee 1862, 2534 ~411 | coara, Guabi brasiliensibus.-...... 1305 421 | Coast Range Trout.........-....--- 500 434 | Coballito del Mar .........-........ 776, 777 425 '| Cobbler <2 =o=s52t22e- usoeee eee 640, 641, 931 421 | Cobessicontic Smelt..-..........--- 524 421) Cobian... 2:-: sats eee eee 426 | Cobitis heteroclita................- 421 killifish...<.Jogeecteeesoeee 421, 422 majalis. <= 2c. secu Se 567 OGRE ae aan ne stene sc 567 MAMMOSG NOR ie. 5 a ssl 567 colliei, Hydrolagus.....-.....--..-. 95 Colocaphall . as. stcos+/.was ss2is sseues 346, 388 GPA 61) 1 een AOC TS eee 726 PLONIEOR LEIS: = oe soon a eee 726 G@lOMmesine =; -sa--=ce~s ose cece 1727 (Col6mMesus: {See oe acc sea sha'ss ness 1740 DAUCACUN «oh een 1740 | colonus, Serranus ........---....... 1222 | Colorada, Mantararia .............. 2754 iNeolorada Wuinacesods. 0-52-05...) 1713 | WHGIB che oceccan ee cemeceas 1639 Colorado; Bapres 2-5. cons. manna 122 | PANE O sc tae eee sa 1264, 1267, 1356 | IPOER aos toca we es pl oe 1583 | WASOROG\ sa55 <= cies eee 1453 colorado, Tmitianus\....2250...- <-< 3-2 1268 Diubjanus s cee == 140 grimaldiii-coeeee es 349 Barr-fish'-3:.522 eee 1748 | concinnus, Amblodon ......--.----- 1484 Gabbleriisti3-ss-eeeee oe 641 Gasterosteus...--...--.-. 745 Godfinits2* 2222522 eh ease 2541 | concolor, Ammoccetes .....--.------ ll Dolphin 2£2222--2-4-2-s25" 952 Chriomitra)- == 232 -caeneee= 874 Eastern Pickerel --------- 627 | Busehistod as: 2s22see-eee 1559 Stickleback. ..... 748 Ichthyomyzon ....--.---.- ll I ET ic) Re eee Ree 2647 Ly codes. «2.=<=sstcemaseee 2463 GariPike :23225.--2 see secs 109 Nexilarius << 2.2222 es 1559 Gruntelte-- n-ne sesees er 1304 Petromyzon=-<<>--5-- see 11 Gurnard: => =2-see---2 ee 2156 Scomberomorus ..---..--.- 873 Half-beak 2s. 0 -se---o0-22 721 Thyrsoidea....=.522=55 55 == 396 Herring <2 osces ee cee 42) | Condenado, Ronco. ....-..--2-.c.cse 1306 Kalish? 2c. ccceecsescseer 640 | conductor, Centronotus ..---....-.- 900 Mackerel 3-1. cee score 865.| Conejo.-.--:....2.22 sce ua eee eee 596, 882 Mallets. csteee oo eee S1l_| Coney -2.-22-..22 <2 2s eeee eee 1141 Pampano. 223.25 3e- ~~ os -- 944 | confertus, Hyborhynchus .-.-..-..-. 217, 218 Dd |: a ea, 628 Pimephales promelas.... 217 Pipehsli=.-.25-- see cases 770 | confinis, Pimeloduss---2.-- eee eee 141 Rat-tail.. sot oee tee eee 2583 Salmo (32... 3 soso eee 505 VE TLOLROs aco ee pee ome es 192 | confluentus, Fundulus ..---....-.-. 650 Hock Bass. .2¢55c-=-5-55"- 990 Salmo. ...- 5225 eee 480 SAwiish.s-23-< nese er tere 60 |_conformis, Lavinia 2225222 -2-- eee 231 Scape feo eroennee ees 1346 Leuciscus: -2.2.22-22 a 231 Shadi :..220 avec cca esee es 427 Squalius <.2--. 22 -sases 231 SHUG soee rie ee eens 68 Tigoma:..2--e-s2 oes eee 231 of California..:-.<-- 73 | congener, Paru brasiliense.-.....--. 966 Spotted Moray ....--..--..- 395_| Conger =. 222 cee aaee ee ee ee 353 Shing Ray cee seer een 83 analis 1.2% 2 -2eee 360 Sucker <3. o22eeeee ae eee 178 caudicanla-.:-<- 2! 2225eneee 355 SUNABR oso --s-e eee nese 1009 caudilimbatus.....-...-.-.. 355 Surf-fishis.-22.2--emcn cess 1504 esculentus, 2 5225525-5s5seae 355 DULLOON 2 os esos ee oe 1691 INU PFOSSUS = <5 o=d 2-55 356 Swordfish +. .---c-ce- = 894 limbatus. : «2522252322552. 360 Trank-nsh\sos sc ccc~s eset 1723 MACLOPS. 22.26 cee nea 355 IWiOsKASH ¢o. Sioscsemema 1407 microstomuss.ss0225---55e" 356 Wihitefish’.;.2-2 2) sscasee 465 MOR@RK: 2-7 os ceo ue aes 387 communis, Catostomus..----..--.-- 179 NPE. (2. ee sen see eee 355 Leucosomus.........-=- 326 occidentalis: >2oJec2ss6- sees 355 Wiparis)s: 2 ssese sone 2118 opisthophthalmus.-.-......- 356 Platygobio ......--..... 326 orbignyanus ......--..-.... 355 Pogonichthys ..-....--- 326 TUDOSCONS ---.-2 2. ooeee eee 355 complanata, Cyprinella............- 272 VOLLOAUAT 2:2: -oceee eee 355 Monians oss. seeneeen 272 VOLUS 525355552502 sese eee 355 © compressa, Lota. .-2i-5-.2---ce- =. 2551 vulgaris: : [22-2 teen eee 355 compressus, Bassozetus ...--......- 2508 | Conger Eel of California........--. 395 Bathynectes. .......-..- 2509 | Beélsi< ic. 3. s ce eee eee 352, 354 Bathyonus ........-... 2509 | conger, Leptocephalus -.-........-. 354 Engranlis’—<-.5--.56h 447 Muriong \235562. 20-5 oe ee 354 Gadus ec. s=.cecscen ce 2551 | Congermurena.....-..-2.----.--ss= 355 INanclerns 25 -2ssce<5= 0 900 balearica..2-<2ccus. 356 RIS so cou eee ooceen es 282, 296 faves. 3: ssSceeeeee 357, 2801 Stolephorus ..........- 447 MACYULH)...--s2a46=s 356 Index. 2951 Page. Page. Congermurena mellissii ...-....-.-- 356| copei, Aleposomus ..........--.--.. 459 MC ON tome Senioe cis = 357 hus msigtes) assesses tere ee =e 2795 prorigera ..-...-..- 357 CORES eee ions aoe ae 1968 congestum, Moxostoma .........--. 192 Baralipaniss <=. sSsecs—s-5-< 2143 congestus, Catostomus ..---..------ 192 NqQualitisece sonatas 236 CCE ROS OF 8 Se Sete eee ene ee 359 | Copelandellus ........---.----.----- 1100 Congro Barboso......-..---.------- 155 Quiescens 5.2. =52-.-- 1100 Conpras Barbosos...-.------+---=--- 154 | copelandi, Boleosoma...........--.-- 1046 ‘LRT ac Sepp Sone eee See pocee 353, 381 Cottogaster...-.- Sana seinye 1045 Gri eG GWE eae oer soe peeece 360 Rheoeryptars- 12 2-22 2 1046 leucopheeus ......----.-.=- 3053 || |\Gopelandia-2..aie221e hese we 5-2 enc 992 coniceps, Murznesox .-...-....----- 359 eFlarehae-s- eee e=e55e2 994 conico, Ostracion oblongus..--.---- 1745: «copii; Lencisens -.-s-ctceaeee ke ao: 293 coniferum, Oreosoma ....----------- 1663.| Copper-nosed Bream .....--.....--- 1005 ROU oe = nile oa mn ae oer ia ZO} Corallicolats.-s-. =~ 55 ose oe 2369 macdonaldi-.-........-...-. 457 | corallina, Narcine brasiliensis. ...-. 78 macroptera.........--..-. 457,458 | corallinum, Cryptotrema ........_.. 2366 gonocephala, Gila ...-.....-.-..---- 219 | corallinus, Antennarius ........--... 2725 conocephalus, Mylopharodon -....- sake COE DINP eo set ose eee tes « 1435 CATLAGIG oat nee Boesocones fees ae LZR OONG VIIA came tee ees ons ne= eA 865 antillanus .-......---..-.- IB2e) SCORER OU 2 Cee eats one we noa moa 461 TUS keer asad See eer one ISAs i COregOnIn@ e--esaa see ooo eae aan 461 TUR CHEST - Roa S pesos oe Bese 1316 | coregonoides, Paralepis......-....-. 602 PULOWNGE eee aman = a= — 1g25) |@oregonts.s-622-0--~-5-62 52 461, 462, 465 BONSMO le sce ee ere aoa 1324 SIDS) .c.- eset eeee-= = 466 Conorhychus...-..-.-+-.----.---.-- 411 angusticeps............. 466 conorynchus, Albula .-.-....-.----- 411 elupeiformis .-..c2ce se 465, 469 conspersa, Murvena..........--.---- 397 CONGSL2n< cases =e 463 ; Tog Masse: ovocecamaec- 234 coulterit a=. Siete 462 conspersus, Gymnothorax...--..-.--- 397 hareneng 2=<-. cess 469 Lycodontis ..........-. 397 HOYT ee epee pena sa seers 468, 470 perranus.--<.-........- 1156 Keunicothl <..s2-bee.- 2c 464 SCS oe eee mee = 234 labradoricus .-...--..... 466 Constantino de las Aletas Prietas- - 1119 1 eee Sse eee Ae 466 constellatus, Chiropsis ....-.-.------ 1868 lucite. sees. ee. 471 Platophrys ....-....-; 2663 INAVG RA at ee Bs os wae 470 Sebastichthys ......-- 1807 NOISONU - .oa-sae ee as 466 Sebastodes...........- 1806 neohantoniensis ......-. 466 consuetus, Salmo....:........------ 479 NUP PIPING: ~sceoceene - = 472 continuum, Hamulon .....-......-- 1297 nove-angliz ...-.....-.- 465 contractus, Rhinogobius ..-----..--. 2236 osmeriformis -----..--.- 468 contrainii, Tylosurus..-...---.-..-- 717 DP EG ere Bae 466 conus, Moxostoma...--..--.-.------ 196 prognathus ...-..-...--. 472 Ptychostomus -..---.-------- 196 quadrilateralis........-. 465 convexa Turdus cauda...-....--.-- 1145 richardsonii =.<-------- 465, 2816 convexifrons, Pomotis..........---. 1003 PURGE doc 5-25 -5-5eessa5 52 538 (Orig thy sate SS eee See 1715 sapidissimus ......-..... 466 MOOK SOCK 24 en sae ee ato ee ee oe 1575, 1576 MONET ..- Sceee wens aes 518 cookianus, Aphododerus .---...--.- 787 thymalloides...........- 518 cooperi, Cheonda --...----------.--- 236 fallibee <5. 33. - =~. 473 WENGISCHS son cece s eins 236 bissolin- 473 Metoponopus --..----------. 2680 Wwilliamsoni->2.-= e024 463 Bie eee eo eeetesoccesaaaee 73 cismontanus 463 Salmo .....-----.--.-------- 483 | coregonus, Moxostoma...........-- 191 Squalius .--..-.---.----.--- 236 Ptychostomus-.-.-....... 191 copei, Acipenser :.---.-.--.-=------. 106 | coretta, Thynnus .......-.----..--. 870 2952 ie Page. coriaceus, Eleutheractis.--.-.-.----- 1233 Bypticus.. -. «2.2 - 2s--4. 1233 corinus, Hexanchus ....------------ 18 cormura, Thyrsoidea..-...--------- 394 Cérnet-fishes..:.-.2..52-26-J-225--- 755 Cnmeta.ccdssc.2-s5tssanao sae ore 757 cornifer, Achirns ..---.------------ 2698 cornubica, Lamna......------------ 49, 2749 cornubicus, Squalus .-.------------ 49 cornubiensis, Lepadogaster ---..--- 2108 Pimelepterus ---..--- 964 Rhombus levis .-.--- 2654 | cornutus, Anoplogaster ---.--------- 840 | Chxtodons-.2 2-5-5. <--<- 1688 Chologaster..--------.--- 703 Cyclichtbys...-----.----- 1749 Cyprinus..--...--.-------- 282 Holzanthus. ...-.-------- 1685 Hypsilepis --....--------- 283 cerasinus...---- 283 eyaneus ------ 283 gibbus ....---- 283 TPleisenssisess ==. «esses 283 Wiain TS. << choceen near 283 Notropis.---=-> ~.ee==- 281 cyaneus .....-.-- 283 frontalis.....--. 283. | Silirus:2:..-5 Aes 759 | Zanclus, 225-.4s se222e5-2 1687, 1688 coro, Pristipoma .--....--.-=-=:.---- 1324 DCN. <- oo she ee nee ea 1324 éGorcides; Umbrina. -- 27.25.45 2=-.-- 1466 eronsd0-: 202-250 s-cee=e see 1427 batabaia: >. .2 2-3-7 eee 1430 MACTUPS.< =< soca ae .- 1427, 1428 sanctse-lueiie:.. 22-5 2s5een=e = 1429 Bialis =* 2. .225260. see 1428 Subiequalist..2- 2-22. - eee 1429 Corynolophus =: ----:-----i 5% 1586 GIO PANERA cost e-eeatss- eos 1939 diplotznia ............- 1582 OVORMARD ye oa oes nec eens as 1945 SCAN CRON - 2.5 4-6 uarcres 1583 FAOVIOM Re eo dae nec cosas o 2009 PECHOTANS oe. ccmcn en -e 1582 POMMOR Stowe nese Se cm 1969 MOL BTIS leis =m iclemecia 1584 feaniclini, Aecee ee dances = os 1967 pulchellus. ....--.-.---. 1584 Blane sa: Faces eee a 2316 HUT Ce esecber ecame =o 1583 glatislise4e Bees soe teaess 1976 WOETOS aa = a= siene oe 1583 | PODIOS-= eee tee 1941, 1968, 2009 costatesi, Smaragdus....-..-.---.-. 2225 gobioides 2. 4-2-.225 2. 555-55, 1968 costatus, Bodianus..-....----------- 1462 MUACHISesss teense seca" 1968 Micropogon ..-..-.--.---- 1462 gronlandicus .......-...--.- 1975 costellatus, Chirus ..-.......-..--.- 1869 COAG VT ec tear eRe te oe 1944 CI ED S358 Seer ace See see ee ae 1879 hemilepidotus.......-......- 1936 Cottine -..-.-.-----------~--------- 1882 Hexacornis,. 525555. t assess 2003 Cottogaster .-.-.-.--.-------------- 1044 HirnneG?sacee coaches ec 2011 aurantiacus ......---.. 1041 hispidusisseeews hoes setae < 2023 cheneyi..-.-..------.-. 2851 ROMS es eee 1979 CONE AMUN se acen = ari 3 1045 1otalops fesse s5 50 soon ct es 1950 [CUPID (Ne Be oe seers 1046 WNIGIOUB: dace oc tats saat sone = 2092 ShwWMIAraI - $2. =... - 1046, 2851 AG eee ae ee tees ae 1978 TEER acs once ae a2 4 1044, 1045 TAPONICUR e saeer sak tS hn oe a 2036 Cottopsis..-------.----+------------ 1942 klamathensis ....--.-..-.--- 1955 ASPC =< 5 -- << ---=5---- += 1944 labradoricus..-...----.---...- 2004 PUGSUes oe anes cone so ss 1945 TSW pPOMMNs st Seer ee ote see 1962 HET ATS booed SSasen Soe aeee ee 1945 TEAC URGE = hee on lel 1972 Semiscaber,----<...-.-.... 1950 marginatus...-.-.------ nie 1966 Cottunculus----.----/.-.----+-<.-.. 1992 marmoratis-~...--.22:+.----- 1983 MIGTOVS? ea 5-5s- 5S 1992 meridionalis.; -.%=-2:2.225 2-5 1951 thomsonii ............- 1993 Merieusi'.< 6224. .2sseeseee— 1986 TOTS Se ae eae Erase 1994 MUU se eee eae 1958 San R Gegseeesrcacoec, 1493, 1941, 1953, 1970 MmatohWbin =< e531 2 Se 1973 BCRQIAN en as- 22 ean enim 2023 monopterygius ---..----.---- 2092 SONYA See eae ees 1973 MEP ON joe atemss ale iol tg eet 1983, 1986 3030——108 2954 Index. Page. Page. Cottus nigricans ......------------- 1973 | Couchii, Serranus .......---.------- 112 TOV OROS tere re= ane eee 1985 | Couchu.::---=.:-5--s-esse=e = eee 160 octodecimspinosus ---....--- 1976 | couesii, Aposia ------222ce.ee=eneee 310 ONY CUYS == s2- eae e ee aa 1953 A PUCOPO. -25225- cee aee ene 310 PACHY PUB csatee-ceeeerreceens 1973 | Ceratias ~~~ 2 eahee== eee 2732 Perplexus 2s-2ec senso neat eee 1955 | Corégontia:.-225--2-eee aes 463 PUMOUIS sass see 324 polyacanthocephalus. --...-.- 1977 PTeeNl-. --o ss =n eee 324 POLOSUS ese see oreo 1975 physignathus .......--... 326 PLINCOPS == -4et = sewnene ease 1962 plumbeus - 22. 2222e.eeeee 323 punctulatus............... 1948, 1951 prosthemius ..-....-----. 324 quadvicornis' 2-05 ease 2001 squamilentus.......-...-. 323 Gib abybel hl Mp8 Se Soe 1998, 2000 | Couia’.-..---- 2-2-2 Seen eee 183 THOUNONS o-oo seas a- ose ee eee 1946 | coulterii, Coregonus ...-.-..--..... 462 T1COlos ose ssaee eee RCE 1952 | courbina, Pogonathus.....--....-... 1483 Tichardsoni ---2-225--+--.-.- 1951 IPOPONIAS? ~~ tae cen ae ee 1483 BUOUDIOs esse nena se ee ear 1973 cromis ......... 1483 BCOLDIOIUGS | coe teen sere sera 1973 | Courpata- - <<< 5.12 scr- eee ee eee 976 BCOEDINS =a osences comme eam 1974 | courtadei, Serranus.---.<---.---.-- 1152 greenlandicus ...--- 1975 | courvina, Johnius.-.-:..-............ 1419 SemMiscaber 22 --ce~- ose sssea=~ 1949 Sciena 2.22222. 2 eee 1419 semiscabra centropleura . .-. 1945, | Cow-fish’ /22-<2o0 se meoee => ae eee 1724 shasta. 2 2sc25 ss-.ses~soepee 1947.| Cow-nose Ray--=2s-voseees== eee 90 Spillotus a-s250) 5 ese -oce 1961, | Cow-pilot <<< - 23 2ceese-a=s— eee 1561 Bipllente soe. connecter 1941. | Cow Shark-. - <2 ose eeee ee a ee emee 19 teniopterus -..:-.-.--..--- 1979, 1988 Sharks ----2-5 22,220 ee -seeenee 17 tentaculatus ....--..-..-.... 2000 | Crab Eater-.-.--..------------.- Pea. 948 TOMB OND ee ae mee eee= = eee eer 1994 | Crabra 2. . 2232s Jaen seek ewes eee 1837 tYACHUYUS Se eoccesse oe asae ae 1936 | Cracker, Clam ~~~ > -=25222--o=ee sone 83 EIICUN DIS coseensee sa eres sees 2009 | cragini Amiurus.--.-.-..-.._ 2-2. 141 tripterygius ..-.-..---...... 2023 Etheostoma ..-.-...------.. 1091 MUCMAINS 2-9 = soe eee 1906 | Craig Wluke-:.-2 2.32222. 62 =ceeeee 2656 VOntralis -s-0-s 0a eee eee 2008, 2009 | crameri, Leuresthes.....--.....---. 802 VOITUCOSUS = =-5->822--- socoee 1980 Sebastodés /-g22---is2-eee- 1799 WAMOSUS ene eee eo en eee 2022) Crampiish 22.6: coe e=. =e eee ee 77 Wil PUuAnds cece ones see 1976 | Craniomic. =~ --5-.-62- ae 781, 2146 Wid CONUS et ens enreee naman 1968 | Crapet <<. 2 oo-.--e- et eee eee 987 WlliUil athe deat ee 1952 | ‘Crappies < 222-2 o- 22 o=—<-e—2 a eeeeee 986, 987 Cotylis nigripinnis...---.--.---..-. 2332. | crassa, Beloiie! >. 22-2: ese eeaene 716 HIE DSS oe seas scee 2331 | Wigoma>222 esses see eee ee 231 Stil 3 eee eee est ee ce 2332 | crassicauda, Lavinia-.-...---...... 231 Suellen ooan ao. nena 2104 heticiscus=2>eeoeseseee 231 ventTricosus ..--..-------.-- 2104 Sibotag. 22225 seer see 231 COMO DUS = pan een eee sees ee eee 2207 | crassiceps, Melamphaes..-...--..--. 843 gymnogaster .....---..-- 2207 Plectromus =>2-222-2--es 843 Salvin See see ee eee 2208 | Scepolus:ic: #=iereeoeaer 843 COUCH, DIONOS —s.50c0-seu-seeeseeee 216 | crassilabre, Moxostoma.....-..---- 194, 196 Momiana’ 23255-52222 272 | crassilabris, Embryx--.----------.-- 2458 Couchia argentata .........---.--.- 2559 Geophagus. -...-..----- 1543 couchiana, Limia.-................. 695 Lycodopsis:- -.....:.--. 2458 Pieowisss.=sssepesoee ee 695 Lbycolinnsssce=-+=eeee=e 2869 COUGH: PiCllin:--.-tecsessececoees 695 Ptychostomus..-...--. 194 Index. 2955 Page. Page. erassilabris, Satanoperca..--...-.--- 1542 | cristagalli, Gobius ..............-.. 2209 erassus, Alvordius--.....-....---:- 1034 | cristata, Chimera......-....---.-.. 95 151. ae Senet mene eee aC 627 "| cristatus; Adonis). 5.3. - 2622 2. <<< : 2383 Lepidosteus.......--...--. 110 Blenmings4--e--='s-% Lins-se4- a1 2369 Yellow-tailed ............- 1467 SHINS Seat eae =o 2372" | croaker, Scisnag. -2....: 522. -ce.-2.. 1462 BHA VOliRe es aaa soe e 230 Pali Orgy ECL aces e TEA MACE ORC ee 1392, 1461 FAS CIRG OS scl s ope a 231s. | {CLOCHUS, WUOUCISCUS's +.--..<0/-ssce <5 308 integripinnis ........ 2373 Rhinichthys atronasus. .-. 308 marmoratus.-.......-. 2371 | crocodilinus, Branchysomophis.... 388 monophthalmus ....- 2372 Ophichthys .......... 388 MOR eames chee ees cnam «| 2374 Oplisurus ys. -s5-2% 388 cremnobates, Labrosomus-.--..--... 2366 | crocodilus, Gasteropelecus......... 558 ; Starksigcc:.22s.o-% 2365, 2366 Lampanyctus .......... 558 CORTES Dr ies Se ee eae 1581 Scopelus -.-.-....... he 558 MICTOStOMA..-.<500--<, 1576 | crocota, Plectropoma .............. 1192 crenulare, Myctophum...---......-.- 575 | crocotus, Hypoplectrus .......----- 1192 crenularis, Tarletonbeania......... 575 | unicolor... 1192 crenulatus, Rhombus .-..--......--.. 966 | crocro, Pomadasis.................. 1333 Ete enn yous wine oe sfs.c omnis vaca 1586 PRIshipomia ss. 2 ee ee 1333 IRisisepicsse shtcse ses cakes eke 1221 | crvicensis, Erychthys.......-...... 1651 creolus, Brachyrhinus ............-. 1222 SCALUS's cae seam os snsces 1650 Parables <2 =-2 22. sass eke 12927| Cromileptes-- 2 - nee ao nieces 1148 BGCEINUAG vase ecsccace esate 1223) ‘eromis,, Labrus—. oc. oe eee es ese ees cee 1483 erescentale, Gobiosoma .........-.-. 2259 Pogenias (senna est sweats 1482 crescentalis, Gobiosoma ........--. 2260 eourbina ..-<+. 2s: 1483 Pomacanthus......... 1682 | crossotus, Etropus ....--....-.-.-.. 2689 erescentis, Salmo gairdneri .-.....-. 2821 | crotalina, Lycolia .....-.........-.- 2869 (Cresten GODIGS.-- ~ssee-~-5---c5 00 2209 | crotalinus, Embryx -....--...... 2458 crestonis, Teuthis.................. 1692 | Lucodopsis .......---.-. 2459 Crevallé, Horse.........-- peace: 920) |" Crotalopsis2--- io e-. ee os encase 386 Cravallen -o.2.-.ce=s25- .-2---- 932 gD Tt Re pee eee 1238 WORN G25 3 SAS ORE SSNS oe 932 Petrometopon ......... 1141 riglia, Guemas ---ae eee 951 Cryptacanthodes....--..-------.--- 2443 multiradiatus --.........-. 951 inornatus...--.--- 2443 pauciradiatus . 222 3asence 951 maculatus ......-- 2443 | cubifrons, Malthe... 22 22eeeose 2738 Cryptacanthodid® ....-..-..--.---- 2449 | Cub-shark <.- oo2ce 2s ccece oe eee 38 Oxy ptopSe-asie eee = Pease eee 34] | Cuckold 222 .- 25. sor. .2=- eee 1724 @ryptopsaras, -2---- -2=---erer>- ~~" 2731 | cuculus, Trigla .-.................. 2177 COUGEII >. O2-- 2enecas= 2731] cacuri, Prionodon:<.=->s--sense eee 40 Gryptopterus -< ss, See. pee eereees 381,382.) Cileayo <2. 2 cccceec see eee 1701, 1709 puncticeps ...-.-.:--: 382 | (Cugupugnacin,.<--.5 0.9655 1158, 1163 cryptosus, Stromateus-....--.----- 968 | cnjus, Chasmistes.--....-..-----..-- 183 Cryptotomus. --...-.-.-----<-<5.--- 1621 | -Cultns:..: ..c26-- --b eee 2199 auropunctatus ...---- 1624 ~QNideNS «2. - 2220... h eee 2202 beryllintds=- 3. o-22--. 1624 aniblyopsis=- << ..---s seen 2200 dentiens, 2.2. 2-ces=e=" 1623 belizianus: ~....22-2os scenes 2201 TEGLVAChOS «sense c= = ise 1623 pemiger — = -.= 0 ses eee 2201 TORGUS5. ae toreete Se 1626 | cultrata, Novacula................. 1619 MISGUS 2 foc cea poe eee 1624 | cultratus, Stolephorus .-..-........ 443 Cryptotrema ..-.--.----..---------- 2366 XeyTichthys=-s--s-- esse 1619 corallinum -......----- 2366 | cultriferum, Pristipoma-.---..--..... 1333 erysoleucas, Abramis ..-....--..---. 250 | cultrifrons, Alutera...-.--.----.-5- 1718 DOSCI <><, = 251 | Cultus Cod.....5.22-2-> sooseeereeeee 1875 Cy Prins cere = 250 | culveri, Trachinotus ..--.---..-.... 942 GLY SOS, Caran. >. scceee = oie 921 | cumberlandicum, Etheostoma fla- Scomber = s23- peclenswccsese- 921 bellare — 22.22.22 -2s see eee 1098 Crystallaninos oes ssac cere nee ease 1060 | cumingii, Ceratichthys ......-...--. 318 asprella {cts scheoeack= 1061 Hy bopsis 35.252 sees 318 Crystallidhthys ----< --cce~oscnc- =e 2864 | cuneata, Peecilia .-........- od ode 2834 mirabilis’ <<.) -22-- 5865. | Cumner .-o2-s.cs ss2ess2e-eees 2433 | curassavicus, Balistes.............- 1709 Gtenopabinsices--s2+e- ese se- 2210,2911, 2018 | curema, Mupil.--- 52,2) eee 813, 2841 TAC LADS a: -e4ack eee 9993 | curilicus, APOnUS..2 0 cccr ope eee 2036 Ctenolabrus adspersus......--..--- 1577 |. curilus; Salmo -- oc ooc- oe. seen 508, 2823 DELO AN eater see Rema 1577 |. Curimata --...-. 2-2 2-a.- eee 332 GOIDlGUS spe ae ae 1577 magdalen® <.-2--.c--e=s 332 CHOPSCb se saseee--e- -= 1577 | Carimatella ---. 5. oe eee 332 uninotatus ......--.--. 1577 |UCmrmain. © oe oon eee 331 CUbD, WV OMOL.-- css as epee ee 934 | -Gurimatus 2-2-2. -. 222 -4ee eee 332 Coban Biindfish ><. 222-5. seere an. 2501 magdalen®@ -.....-..--<- 332 cubana, Anguilla ...... sce duet anens 348 | curtus, Stolephorus-.......-.....-... 445 Wiirsen a |< sacs pee ciee eee 348 Vomer’. ..-.sese- seer 934 cubanus, Engraulis ..........-..... 442 | curvidens, Congrus................ 360 HiPIBe polis. a= acess 1159 | curvilineata, Murenophis.......... 395 Stolephorus..-...-.---.-4- 442°) carvus, Letrodon -. 2-2 -. saan een ‘1728 cubensis, Channomurena..-....---- 404 (Cask Eels... .:...---sescaseneeeen 2481, 2487 ELYMMUNSe corse oe ose = 982 |. Cusks. <5... ..<.10.0 5-enieee tae eee 2561 ne oe eee eee cate 692 | cuspicauda, Alutera ......--..--.-- 1718 PieCia pe saee eS eensien ae 692 | cutisanserinus, Carpiodes.......... 167 Index. Page. Page. Wutlass Wishes: .-c2c2ss-222-cse-. 888 | Cyclichthys cornutus.............. 1749 Clips Se ect ae wcacec ee aceee neces 199) 327.) Cycloganoidea.25:2-..565scecsrs--~< 111 Cut-throat. Trout:~.....22.....% 487,492, 493 | Cyclogaster -=is:.-.<.-2222..22.-..- 2114 CMVIETT, CATANK san. 57: esscem seem cs 910 pulchellus 22-2222. =. .... 2127 Centropomus--....-.--..---. 1121 | cyclogaster, Liparis ..............-. 2118 Gasterosteus bispinosus... 749\" Cyclogobrms: = 522508 see ene cosa 2249 Metragonurus=.:~-.-.-..-.- 976 | cyclolepis, Microgobius ..........-. 2247 MtrACUUTUS = -ratons sete al am == = 910 Moseléyaiso:escctisscts: 2570 CuzZamMiles, SCATUS = -2.----------cc-- 1648 Nematonurus..-......-- 2571 eyanes, Murcaria....------0.---..--- 1547 Zalypunss-J2. se = c= -,- 2246 cyanellus, Apomotis ........-..---- 996 | Cyclonarces:: 222: S22 skeote eee = ae 78 Wehthyobus' ----22---.--- 164 | cyclopomatus, Serranus.-........--. 1175 Mepomiss..>-:-e22se-2==-2 2--22-o ee 273 Gymicotlossusz--s-s5--2-2-2--5-5555 2653 lugubris=: 2222-0. -eeeeeee 274 bathybius .....-.-..-. 2656 luxoides 2. . 22-25 -senee 274 pacificus--.--..--...- 2655 macrostoma .....-------- 274 Cynocephalus<-~.- ~~~ 2. 2-2 o. 33 NOt@bs ~ sea. ce === a eeeee 274 cynodon, Lutjanus ......-..--.----. 1255 rabripiina-.o-.5--.5.seee 281 Mesoprion. ...-..------- 1255, 1260 SUBVIB oo occ eneee erp 272 GCyneplossa: cess o- coe aanoee eae 2653 texans... -- 242-5 == ee 274 microcephala -.-....----- 2655 UMDrOss. =o -ee ee eee 273 cynoglossa, Solea......-.----------- 2657 VONUStH--s2 =e emer eee 274 Cynoplossinwt---. ses ~es~ =e eee 2693 whipplil 42. -2-e4-—-ee" 279 cynoglossus, Glyptocephalus- ------ 2656 | cyprinella, Chanos.--......------.- 415 Pleuronectes...---.--- 2611 Ictiobus: = =5-2--css-22= 163 Cynopercas: 2223-25 23-2-s05eee-e == 1020, 1021 Sclerognathus.--.-------. 164 CyiOponticus)=-.5--2---n—--= - eee 359.| Cyprinids ..3. -2 22.222 eee 199, 200 LEDS en tene eee 360.| Cyprinin®: 222°. <2.~-S22 Sees eeeee 201 Cyil0BCiON =. Sesh s mone eee et oee 1401, 1403: | Cyprinodon =. -<:--2.2.-.--5e=s=eer 670 ACORPSo =e eee ease eee 1403 paileyi-.>- 22. eee 675 albus’. i225 2s02 2: -525-c0 1411 bovinttis:< == 22-22 -eseee 673 carolinensis: <—-.==..----- 1409 ealiforniensis --.---..--- 674 JamMaicensis: 4-- ~.-=--.- = 1406 Carpio . 5-22 5--S5-e eee 675 1eiarchas: 258525225. .eee 1414 elegans:.-.~-=ee-=ees 675, 2832 macdonaldi .......---.-.. 1411 @ximius..--- <> eee 673, 2832 maculatmm).-<------.--.- 1409 feligianus- = 2-- See 676, 2832 microlepidotus ..-.--..-. 1415 gibbosus. --...--- Soar 672 nebulosus.......---.----- 1409 latifasciatus --..---.... 676 NODWIn we oeee se ee eee a 1413 macnlarins\.-.o--6-seee 674 mothas..2--5-cs- asses 1406 ‘ baileyi... 675 obliqustus.< 2-3 5-2-2 eee 1405 marti’... - 2-2-2 See =e 675 othonopterus ......------ 1404 mydrus-------o- eee 676 parvipinnis....-......--. 1410 nevadensis : 22. soe 674 phoxocephalus.......-. 1413, 2859 PALVOS 20 5.2ce eee 666 POCRIG a s-secmsona een eee 1407 riverendl =< --.=-sses-2 673, 2832 TOE SHS aso secon ee =e oe 1407 variegatus -.---... oo. 671 reticulatus ............-. 1408 | Cyprinodontine.......-.----------- 631 squamipinnis.......... 1404,1405 | cyprinoides, Gobius...-...--..----- 2209 stolzmanni ..........-.-. 1412 Lophogobius ...------- 2209 L[hdex. 2959 Page. Page. (Ch ERT Bese sobssoe Reco cee seer 201) Dacentruss= soso oeatatnann <= 25) 1495 americanus.....-.--- 250, 251, 1475 MGOBTB: 5 = So oie oe pate a's 1496 atromaculatus..-.--..----- 222 | Dactylagnus ...--.-.......--------- 2304 StrONaSUs = -- 5 se. - nee <- 307 MUONS oes it 2304 BUPATU Ba. 5-8 see's cae 291| dactyloptera, Scorpzna .-....--...--- 1837 baltestas.- 55%. 2-2. -2- 239) Daetylopterns.. 22-2. 2 == <- oss e econ == ene ee eee oe 66, 82 | de Ley, Mojarra. 2%. 520-22 1370 dipterurus.....-........ 85 | delo Alto, Cagon ............-...... 1277 dasycephalus, Arius................ 130 Pargo... ./s22sseeaweneeee 1262 Galeichthys ..-....--- 2780 DOSiessoe, eee a Se aoe 1261 Hexanematichthys -- 130 | de Mar, Abonia, = 2-5 -c--a-a eee e 2195 Dasyacopelus os. cesses eee 574 | Memeralda -- 3s 2.- sees 2204 spinosus......------- 575 | Esmeraldas 2222035 0-ees 2203 Dasycothus 2202-22 .c28 2s See ee 1991 | de Marais, Poisson -.-.....--...---- 113 SEWUEDT soso ee eae 1991 | de Paladar, Aguja..--..2--.....-2-- 892 daubentenii, Caranx ..........-.--. 920 de Perdriz, Liza Ojo--225. 5-5 -eee 814 davidsonii, Anisotremus ..-....--.- 1321 | de Playa; Cason: 2.) 22.222. 36 Monacanthus .......... 1715 | de Plauma, Pez... 225-2—) see seeeeee 1347 Pomadasys.-5-.---26-- 1321 | de Raizero, Pargo..-....--.-.,.-.-. 1273 Pristipoma............- 1321 | de Rio, Aboma...-- =.=... S-oeeraee 2236 davisoni, Etheostoma ...........-.-. 1049 BSOTes ~ [ooo eee eee 149 Wilocenivar_---2-s5--oee 1049 Lenguado -..-) 22.23 2698 Decactylus 22.22. - see ates 173, 174,177 de Vivero; Cherna... 422. -cse- oe 1160 decadactylus, Beryx ..-...-.-..-..- 844 Deep-water Catalufas ............-- 977 decagonus, Agonus.............---- 2053 | Girnartls 2.5. ae eae 2177 Aspidophorus .-......-... 2054 | POrpies:- 2. seccse eee 1344 Brachyopsis ----...---.- 2054 | defensor, Caranx ...----.-..-.-..--- 921 Leptagonus ........-..-- 2052 | ‘de Gato Pal ._-<2-- (oe oeeeasueeee 1837 decagrammus, Chirus ..-...-.----..-. 1869:| Dekaya <\. 2: sco. —e-e ae ee 2276 Hexagrammos ...--- 1867 | anomala. -.). 522 ..)sncs= een 2277 Hexagrammus ....-.- 1875 | dekayi, Acipenser...............--. 106 Tiabivax®2 2-22. sees 1868 | Gasterosteus -:--.--2--2eae 746 Doecapierus = =-.~.-— 6c eee ees ee 907 Isuropsis >. - 22-s.tescee eee 48 Hy pods +..---es- see 908 Tsurus ..5...ssees see macarellas’.--...-...... 909 Phytis 5.25, 2=-2see5-5eee 2555 punctatus: -22 222.225 -2. 907 | Pimelodus.. 2. 2. vasessens 140 sancte-helene .....-.-- 908 | Scomber.-.<-<2-2vcens see 867 scombrinus.-5s---s--5- 908 Syngnathus --2.255--seceaes 771 Decsptus Se scsee tae ee eae 906 | delalandi, Labrisomus...........-.- 2359 decastrensis, Cottus..-.-.......-..- 1983 Malacoctenus.-...--..---- 2358 decimalis, Serranus .....-:...--.... 1175 | delalandii, Clinus 22.2 .22ee.22-25ee= 2359 a ee ee ee "=e ee ee ee L[hdex. 2961 Page Page deGey, Sardina\. 2.2. csseslacc23 430 | denticulatus, Anarrhichas ..-.....-. 2446 delicatissimia, Dallia)...2.2.22..2..- 621 | dentiens, Calliodon................. 1623 ’ ‘Wimibrate.sesees ste. 621 Cryptotonus ........2...- 1623 delicatissimus, Engraulis ..-.-...-- 444 | denudatum, Gonostoma ......-..-... 579 Stolephorus .....--. 444 | deppii, Cichlasoma ..-.............. 1524 Mmoipna ClOlar «2-02 -ssseaciecce- 272 HMerosessqcccnece Gaeta nee 1524 OTT iar eee a ge 1456 | deprandus, Esox. - =... 22s. -2.2).26 628 Monismattes ssa.cc2c2csks 262 | depressa, Belone ........-..---..--. 211, 713 Baber SF ps 22%: 525 22. 1455 | Fistularia......... rah dra 757 aIOlepISE Safi c..sacs seca es sol aecc 2442 | depressus, Lonchurus.............. 1482 WINER) anes ee see es 2442 | de Raizero, Cabrilla ...............- 1171 emBtiiumistes 4.52204... 2 eonenone eee 2690 | Derepodichthyide ..-.--........... 2480 poellmciduss 2. es22ee 2691 | Derepodichthys ........-..-......-- 2480 delphinus, Minomus ...-..-..--...-- 171 alepidotus ......... 2480 Pantostens -..6.<-232ce 17>) Derichthyidw o2=. 2 -sssuEeie eases 343 deb Rey, Pesdadillos -....-..--..--. SO te | PUementh yao... cess 2e ss. caee See 843 WESCARQ Sas 2-2 bcos sc5 cece = 806 serpentinus .....-...... 343 IPRA. face ae ioe 5 esate 799 | dermatinus, Lycodapus---.-.-...-.. ar 2492 eltentOsteus +. 2. $5 s..-..sedss~5. 2210 Salitio.-<2s-. coe 479 PHEMISHLOS Se omee ia cctceacetecancltes. 2794"| Dermatolepis------.2.3.6: -at< lst oss. 1309 TNGIUGI ones. eee ene 2500 GUYOWMIE = io seieee taxes 1299 NE PILIES oe wlan Sets cites 1255 | ehrysopterus). 22.54: )'2s..- 1309 Mesoprion. <2. - J22 sens 1279 Slepans. oo. se aasese eee 1304 Paralichthys .....-..-.. 2629, 2630 | flavolineatus ..-.---..--..- 1306 Pleuronectes ..-.........- 2630 | fremebundus ...........-.- 1297 Pseudorhombns .-.-...... 2630, 2632 madulicanda:--=..:<1..<... 1314 SL f Ae oe 2500 GUL@UHDIA ~~ 2355 a%2---- « 1304 NOPIOIHIUS - 2. 6. deems 1279 1 aes s. Srie 1299 WU PSNGHs so. S- ac Spe ee as 859 nlomieri: © Assssos eke 1306 15.30) 63 Seer een eo ee eee eee 1288 BOM OCCU ea 8 Meat cea 1300 flaMeNtORUA. 25-225 5.220 ss 1289 | stemdachneri ...........-- 1302 dentex,; Bry com's ~ 2-2 >see Se 220 337 piwel nC ees «cee eee ae 1311 Carag (2s cst sateen ecko ish PReDIO® oe sneer entee s ene se 2737 Chalcinopsis.—--> == 25.25. = 337 | Diabolichthys -.............-...... 92 Corvint: 65. 99s. =e 2 1426 | elliottwe: 232-2) 28 en. 93 RPT ANIB. 28205. sae soe 451 | diabolus, Raja marinus ............ 93 WANS: 22=.5225-—55 2225 cee 146~) Winenpe 2 s2 <> 2-2 02-5 see eee 1247 Monidiian 7. cesctedecatias 801 WITS =o ste ops seen 1246 Odontoscion 3... 25422. 23 1425 | diadema, Pseudoscarus -.....--..... 1646 OsgmergGa’s 2s 22st acess 524 SHANG siete ras See 2 1646 SCOMMOE caacccs= = 5a eae 927 | Diagramma cavifrons .....-----.... 1343 Denticin wes 2. ses-- Sst eae eee a 1244 melanospilum .....-... 1321 2962 L[hdex. Page Dialommus 22 o-o5 en. oe eens = oes 2868 PUSCUS 2. cose coecericans 2868 diaphana, Hydrargyra ..---.--.--.- 645 Waa ie os ep eae anes cee 71 Sternoptyx ..----------- 603, 2826 Diaphanichthys------.----.--..---- 333 | diaphanus, Calliurus.......-------- 996 Handnlus2.-----ese<=s= 645 menona....-- 645 | Diaphasis 2-25-20 <5 -eepsaenaenee= 2 2495 Diaphus>, == 2-2. -ccee= es eens sn = =e 564 | TROL cae seas oe aoe ooes 564, 565 diaptera, Furcella.....-..-..------- 2472 WispLerns 2-- soso ee ee 1373, 1375 | californiensis ...--.--.--- 1370 POWAY sce soos eee aes 1368 PLACUIs —- ee eee 1370 homonymus..-....-.---- 1371 lefro yi, 2 Soe2s)cs eee 1372 diapterus, Amiichthys -------..--.- 1115 Wycodessi2ee-o-cesecnre- 2473 DPDGANCHUS 220. - se on~ eee enna 2743 atlanticns(-222 2. -2--<- 2743 diceraus, Ceratocottus ...--.--..- 1940, 1941 Cothas 2-2 eearateeona—er 1941 EOP o> see eee as 1941 MiesrODARtIA) 2. ~ eee ee een 2756 DicerOpsAbus-< oo osee sees ao ee 92 With, Nigger. - cs. scos ser seoeeeeee 327 SIIPPOEYy) sos -c Jose eee ee eee 1595 DGrOlGN Gio = see eae ean eee 2522 INGPONILTA 22. see sa sean e . 2522 DICTOMIGAS Soot mene aeeer nen ate anes 2506 SPaseiall 22 eeese saeeeae 2506 DIGPOLUS 2222 -se=nee>es bones eee ees 882 Pacvipinnis: = 222ste ee eee 883 Dictyosomatine......--.------.-.-- 2349 diego, Scomber-..-...----- Sates tS 867 diencweus, Eupomacentrus .....---- 1552 difformis, Carpiodes. --.....-------- 166 digitatus, Lycodes .---------------- 2466 digitis, Trigla vicensis-.--..-.-..---. 2183 digrammus, Pleuronectes ---..----- 2641 dilecta, Anclyopsetta .....---....-- 2636 Notosema - ==s22t asses -2 22. 2636 dilectum, Notosema...--...-.------ 2635 | dilectus,:-Alburmus:-=..5---2=2226<2- 294 | INGLEOBIS= = -n—==- = =e eee 294 Drnnalacocentrus---- o.2se2.ee ee —-- 1613 di Mare; Cantericae sen esee se = =e 48 dimidiata, Mycteroperca .......--.- 1179 dimidiatus, Epinephelus -...-.-..-.--.- 1179 Gasterosteus...-:.....- 749 Halicheres .....-...... 1594 Icthycalluss: 2s... --.222 1594 Bl aay Sang 5 aE 1594 Page dimidiatus, Leucus..........-.....- 244 Platyglossus .-.---.---- 1594 Serranug .2:cceeeseeeees 1179 Syngnathus..-......... 765 Trisotrepisissstee eee 1179 - Dinectos 22. 2.c2..0.- 2-5 soe oe 103 truncatus ......-:cJeeseeeee 106 | Dinematichthys marginatus -...... 2502 ventralis.......-.. 2503 Dinemus ; ...25) 9a eee 854 Venustiss.-2 5s 55-b os seeeae 854 dinemus, Minnilus -.............--. 293 dinoceros, Citharichthys ....-.....- 2682 Diodon:-s2.-222-s tuwda cee 1744, 1747 antennatus ......-+-----.--- ‘1750 ASPCY -2 . 6c. sea e See Ree 1744, 1752 Stingasc: <. <2 ssa eee 1746, 1750 brachiatus) - 2.2. cccsssse=ee 1746 Caritiatus: <2 2.2-5-poss2ee=ee 1754 echinus) - 2s fe sas ee sees 1746 faliginosus ...-- 22.3 See-e-ee 1749 geometricus .........---.- 1748, 1749 holocanthus\.. = 5 Ssce0s-csa" 1746 hystrix. .....2 520s esseeee 1744, 1746 liturosis--- 4ss-eeeee 1747 maculostriatus .........---- 1748 mielanopis'. - .::-2- eseeeee 1746 meulini’..-..-ssiaec2 ceases 1748 multimaculatus .......-..--. 1746 nigrolineatus........-.----. ' 1749 novemmaculatus .....--...-. 1746 PUOSUB 2 =. 22-2 soe eee 1744, 1752 punctatus . 73... se yeccse—= 1746 quadrimaculatus.-.-....-..- 1746 reticulatus ... 5.2.5.5 2-222- 36 1751 Tiv@latus =... 65. -ceceeeeee 1748 scheepil.. 2... eens 1748 sexmaculatus -...-........- 1746 spinosissimus .....-.-....-. 1746 SPIGSUS .-..25 Seeeeeen wees 1749 VOLLUCOSUS:. << 2-5 ses ese 1749 Diodontids.. .. = <3: -22csstecseasees 1742 diomedeana, A phoristia -.--....---- 2711 diomedeanus, Hoplunnis-....-.....- 361 Symphurus. ...-.--.. 2711 Dionda...226 242 5. sieseeeeeeeees 212, 213, 214 AaTPeENtOSA. ..5-cecss-5-seees 215 ChrySitis:.2255-ssceseeeeeen 214 couchi)s. 22. 122 52. toa 216 @pisCOPa... =: 2-2) oe eee 215 @TISCR) 5-222: See 216 molanops's:-----cssseeseeeee 216 papalis'~(--:.. 5.3. essese=a=es 214 plumbea: .-25s22556ees=eee 216 vinmonee [ndex., 2963 Page. Page. Dionda punctifer ....-.-----.-------- 215 | discobolus, Catostomus ....-... 172, 175, 2791 SOVENMe see seats swans 214>|_Discocephali /:.....---2.5<-=52---- 781, 2265 SPAdCOss!. heres sats as Z16C | MOISCOPY 20 sea - -a2 hos S es we cee 1505 flavolineatus ...........-- 1360 IDV Gir ane asa cne Case ncnrae’ 1511 HOlbroO Kits 5.322 J--<-~---'- 1362 lateralerse- 5.2 scncace ons 1506 probatocephalus --.-..-.--- 1361 MIGERIODS = ce ain ese nen 1502 Thomboides ..-.-+.--<<.«. 1358 Orthonows =o... eee an niese 1507 CiIge Ty 5) eee nee nea 1363 PRGROLERIM a6 oo oo n= 1503 IUIPLGLR OT Bon Sshcapeeracce seceeeeene 1418 temminckii ............- 1510, 1511 squamosissimus.....---- 1419 [i Ge eee Seer 1508 diploproa, Sebastichthys .-...----- 1802 WOR es an io a 1510 Sebastodes--....--...:.- 1500) | WOiver, Banded ck me oem recs 535 Wiplespondyl.- 2-6 cess woos 2 phere a) eee ee ee ee 228 diplotenia, Belone -...-...------.--- 71D, WW Doctor-fslys sae gee win a 1689, 1691 Bodianus =<. =... =. .-.>5. 1582 | dodecaedron, Agonus .........-.---- 2046 GassyPRus isso. se 44- « 1582 DEG iieen aa ane 2044 13 tt ee 1582 | dodecaedrus, Aspidophorus.....--. 2046 diplotznia, Tylosurus -......- ---- 712 Brachyopsis.....-..-- 2046 TDS Fr 170 eee ogee ener meee ee 1106 | Dodecagrammos .-...---.--.--...--- 1866 hexacanthus .-.--.......- Tey) LMM CU SoA Se Se 113, 623 bai 2) es ce oe ene 1107 California, -222.===--52255-- 53, 54 Dipteron chrysurus...-..-..----.-. isos | DOr SANO sao ane eee eee es 478 dipterura, Dasibatis-.-.-.-.--..-...- 85 of Alaska---.---....... 478 Dasyalie\se-- sae esacws as 85 SUH Te Se =o SAS ae Se 28, 29 dipterurus, Dasybatis .---..--.----- 85 SI 1) Wareoce nes tec eaee near 1257 Dipterygonotus .-..--.-..----...... 1365 | dolfyn, Coryphena ---.--------.----- 953 LOTSA Shee A asaceeeect one cee 66 | dolichocephalus, Gobius.-......-.--- 2237 dipus, Microdesmus ...--..------.--. 2450 | dolichogaster, Blennius -..---...-.--- 2417 NOESONO NL ate arta a a ei 1758 Centronotus......--- 2417 Discoboli liparidina -.-.-..---...-.-- 2105 | Gunnellns-.--..-5 7--- 2417 Index. 2964 Page. dolichogaster, Murznoides ...-.. --- 2417 PHOS si se seee ee aes 2416 WOHGAOT eet ea ese ante seas 939 Dollardes *.-2--. soessecesaceeose eee 1005 Dotlar-fisht-I-2e.5 =. See see eee Se 967 Dollfish jo23-2 52s sec se eeeweemesaes 1674 Dolly Varden Trout......-.....---- 507 dolomieu, Micropterus-..-.-.---..--- 1011 Dolphin, Common - 22.3222. - 1... == : 952 Sniallies eee ee eee 953 Dolphinss oe. seess.-c sess ease ees 951, 952 dombey, Bdellostoma.-..---..------- 6 Gastrobranchus ....------- 6 Le Gastrobranche..--...--- 6 Polistotrema.---.--------. 6 DGmiine;sc te. sese eset ee eee 880 dominicensis, Pecilia.......--..--. 696 WiGMGrsseeer cscs tee ee 934 domninus, Protoporus.-....-..------ 233 Wancellassisesoncsecec ses sete 1590, 1595. Doncellas se. sas cee sews c= 1587 Dorada, Mojarra .--<----.---------- 928 Dorido sess owas oe ee seca 952 COCiINGED). 25255 os-ae0 seo coer 921 dorado, Coryphzena .....-...------- 953 NOLRLONOLUS tsar aeee ester eee 1611 megalepis.....-=-..2-. 1611 thalassinus’ *52.2--- == 1612 DONS OOM So ec e eee een 1659 Dormers > Shea. aoc meee e catee 1235 Dormitatorss see ss ete ece eee eae 2195 wuntaehis -ccees ans e = 2198 TARIPONR et cre eee ee 2197 JIneatus!ssecce one sees os 2198 MAcCulMtos esees cee ae 2196, 2198 microphthalmus -....-.. 2198 dormitator, Philypnus........--..-- 2195 Platycephalus........-- 2195 dormitatrix, Electris -........-..... 2195 dormitor, Gobiomorus .-..--.--..--- 2198 i Be FUN EY 0 CDT: ae ey eee 2194 DOPORGINA ys 6205 = See os cae ao ee eee oe as 415 cepedianum .....-....... 416 Oxal6 cee ccc 416 insOCISbiLIS ~~ soe e+ se 416 MGXICAMMM 2255 See oe 416 OGRE eee oe pals amie 416 PeLonense- --- 1436 Jewsharp....2--..-..-.- 1473 Miooneolar=.- <=; c.-c<<- 1406 Wihite-mouth -........-.- 1462 drummond-hayi, Epinephelus..--... 1159 drummondi, Otolithus ........-...- 1409 MOT ENG a a ee ee ee 1454 Bsa oea ch cancel oa ian aire 1453 LAE tC eee eee See ee eae 1483 | SIDS Shee ieoce Se Cea eS Sone 1482 TDS L202] a eee 1722 gubla, (NEVOmMa....5~-.c--5..5.--3 126, 2765 | PIG Uist anita an eco = ane 905 dubium, Campostoma ..-....-....... 206 Exoglossum...-.---. eo) 25 28S 206 dubius, Ammodytes -...........-.-.- 832 JAE Se SRE Ge eee eae 127 IROUIANUGH 6 on siaa= ere was a2 on 1146 UIST ASTON pccoate sess aer ae 2496 | Menephorns ~:~ << <.n65- 1147 MOUEAMUA sono. cicken! 6 ws. 1147 | SOR IN TI == 661 | PAIRORS =F onic ont os <= 211 PAIR IUIUIR Soc 5 iwc Sans ies 6 138 Lt i ne 661 | JD eek 0 Cee 29 duleis; Argyrens..--.........--.... 307 Rhynichthys ......--..---.- 307 | cataracte ..... 306 LUT ST rae ote a ee ee 1217 | Do ee og ae ee Bee eee 1220 Inspr Cra Se a = Sa a 1219 | BAVIVCUGUIN a= o=n< 6x ase oe 1221 SUED Reo) eae oe eee ie 1218 dumerili, Apionichthys ..........-- 2703 QGaranx, 2.25 she Ss c5 sos oi 904 Paralonchnrus:...<-.<- <<. 1478 PolyGincrhus vcs --------< > 1479 Serightc 2255.20 s5eesucpa> 903, 904 Sqtatime ¢-- -2. 26-3. 2 59 duodecim, Engranulis ..........--.-. 446 duplex, Orthopristis -.....-...--..- 1339 duquesnei, Ptychostomus.......... 193 2965 Page duquesni, Catostomus.............. 193 Placopharynx ......-.... 198 durvillii, Argyropelecus -..-...-..- 604 duryi, Etheostoma--.-.......-----.-- 2853 Dusky, Sharks soso es-enscs ease et: A 35 dussumier) Brame cee acces ses53 2 960 Nerigha s225-¢cts 2 ds= sc 900 Dussumieria stolifera ............-- 419 Dussumieriinew’ 2=. -2-.-. = sok eos 417 disx, Lachnolaimus: 2. -c0.2s.5.50c 1580 dvinensis; Platassa..-:>.<.--.2-.:=. 2650 dybowskii, Centronotus ..........- 2431 Phos pus 2. coc ccccwess 2430 VTE Le ale ree Uae ES 87, 89 CSE RG fe 11: ea eae 5 2555 ULOPHYSIS |. 252 focus vee see 2554 Basher Mackerel —...- =>. ..5.-ssene 866 Eastern Carp Sucker..............- 168 Ming -BEMUOW 2.2.0.c055505 624 Mater ran -ccasextecs sccecccu tects 948 Moaille. Grande .-.-.2...-'-->-.sses0- 409 Mehelun 3.3. seas cone a name wars 353 caudilimbatus.:.......-..- 355 CUNGIATR cane so0s mo = ce sae 356 HIGHENEMUMESS = asm ae wa san son nceosha ae 2265 MOHONGIE= sc0des nao stokes eo toaeeae 2 2268, 2271 AIPPBCOUS. «7. 2S ose ni Sox 2272 PAL TAU Ce ae oe 2269 1 CUT Se eee sae 2268 RUSUANA. =. Wc eee 2269, 2271 brachyptera -...-.-..._--. 2272 PPA ns 3 ya oe Sere ela aie 2270 PARISON 5 Somes ess oe 2270 holhmoni «Sasa Se 2270 nn) eee a ee 2272 Lt [-0 2: Sai a — Se 2268, 2270 JURA fe so 3S o te aoe 2269 Mmoetallies 22-6454; cess 2270 naucrateoides -.--.......- 2270 TIBMOVRBN 5 ooh Nee le oes ears 2269 RUSUCTAURH eae ain ce on Sars ae 2269 THEW DONG) S25 beeer neers 386 | eiseni, Characodon .--.......-....-. 2831 WGhIGHEOMIS = soon = ss eee eee 589 | ekala, Caranx:-: 2-255 52822-eeeeee 921 barbatum+---------- --- 589 | ekstromi, Liparis.....:....---..-..- 2108 Marparitaess-cacs=ss—= 589 | elaborata, Murena ...-.......----.- 389 eclancheri, Cossyphus. ------------ Ze 1583 | elaboratus,Gymnothorax .-.---...-... 389 PGRIIO see eee 1583 Lycodontis:.:.-..-.2225 389 ectenes, Careproctus ....---..------ 2136.) Hlacate. <6 scco-ctss-aeeeena eee 948 Micropogon..-......---.---- 1463 atlanti¢as:/n2.0 22.5 5eseeeee 948 ectenurus, Chloroscombrus..--..--- 2847 bivittata:s.. 2227 = ee eee 948 edentula, Platirostra ------.------.- 102 Canadasecac se. epee ee 948 edentulus, Cetengraulis --.-----.--- 450 falcipinnis=.2525: s-2-eeeee 948 Engranlis —>-.-<->-.---- 450 malabarica =. 22--<- pecs 948 edwardi, Sci#na-..----------------- 1490 MOtia=2 252. see 948 Siilbiseus=-2---ces-- cee -= 363 nipra oo = ses se eee 948 Wel, American... 2-scseeeer == a= 348 pondiceriana .............. 948 Conger of California ...--..-..-.- 395; | Mlagatis: <220 <5 S22. eee eee eee 906 Fresh-water ..--.-...---------- 348 bipinnulatus --............ 906 Lamprey ---..----------------- 10 pinnolatus --<2--- oe ener 907 Sand 2 accessor - scence nnns ore 833) | MlanurTass: --.2320---se5- se eee 1930 Snipe ..-.-.-------------------- 369 forfi¢ata <= 3.22 --es=— eee 1930 Hel Cat 2-52 ---2--c0npe-----==- === 2788 | Elaphocottus-.-...-.---...-------.. 2006 Eel-back Flounder -.--...-..----- 2649, 2650 | pistilliger —-2.-2------ 2008 Mel-pout:==s2=--2=--=-- 2453, 2455, 2456, 2457 | Wlapsopsis .....-..---.....-.-.....- 381 Miplivc ck Bete eg eS eee 344, 346, 347 | elassochir, Noturus.........--..--- 147 Conger...----=----------=-=--- 352, 354 | elassodon, Hippoglossoides ....---. 2615 (Grit) Ae a Sear BS EES 2483, PAST | Wlassoma 4.3226 ->> <2 eee 982 Gong-neeked =25----------07-- 343 everpladel.-..22-c.-seee5 982 Ci ee aS Se ete 5 = aia 349 ZONAtOM. «=~ Soest ee ean 982, 2851 Snakes soe = sen are ese n ee 372 | Mlassomid® -.---<5---==e--seeeeeene 981 Snipe ---.°---2-02--==0----=--- 366 | Elastoma--.-.----------------------- 1281 SHU D-NGSOU ee ao sane a 348 macrophthalmus ..-...--.- 1281 Spiny -------------s-.---.----- 612 | elater, Malthe.-..........----.-.... 2739 Symbranchoid .----.---.------ 342 Ogcocephalus .-..--.--.--..- 2739 Denes oases ste eee eee 346 Falientes: <---> ses sceeeee 2738 WOrm 2-2-2 ese eee eee 370: | Klattarchus, s<.2---2- sss eneee eee 1431 eeltenkee, Myliobatis ....-.-.-...-. 88 archidium..........--- 1431 effulgens, #thoprora.-----.-------- 566 | Elattonistius.......-..------------- 412 ATTN Soe nea aero 1058 | elattura, Netuma ......-.......... 128, 2769 Boleosoma nigrum --.---- * 1058 | elatturus, Arius..-..-.....--52---23 128 Larimus .-.---.-----.-... 1421 | Electric Rays .....-.--.-----0s0---- 76 eglanteria, Raia....---------------- 68, 71 Star-gazers..-...-----.--- ae 2306 5 eS Se Bene ene ce 71 | electricus, Rhinobatus ..-.---.----- 63 « Index. Page. Electris dormitatrix ............-.- 2195 | ellipsoidea, Lebias.-........-.....--- elegans, Blakea .......--..--....--- 2353 | ellipticus, Chatoessus ...-...-.....- (Gai! ease sentiogeebosnce 1939 Cymatogaster -.....-.-..-. Cyprinodon’--...-.--..5... 675 Pia tophinysyae+ ss s< = IDIADASIS sss se cece ceeicanen 1304 Pleuronectes .........--. Etheostoma .......--..---- 1074 Rhomboidichthys --..-..-. Gasterosteus .---.--..----- (es) ie Nat sas a ae acancr Dados oncee Gibbonsia-.-..-..--.----- 2353, 2869 | elongata, Aphoristia ...........---- (Gileshe socsosdss8eesesceee 226 Clapea.. 2.22. 24 apie iH¢emulon)-n2ee-----~---=-- 1304 Cyelothone 22. 2-..-!22-2 KVpHOSUSS.=--=---saee=oce 1387 Platessa toes seseaecncee 1b GS ies sneer = oes 186 PwBcilia’ sticks ee oes es es EGUCINGH sce sm ease ence 227 WmMbEMRsaasceer esse oee oe Mesoprion ....------------ 1278 | elongatum, Gonostoma ....-.....--- MiyxOd es: so ertccme= == <== == 2353 | elongatus, Avocettina.....-...-.--- BWI STOUID ss eines tee ee ae 1075 Benthodesmus ...-.-...--- Orthragoriscus..-...-..--- 1754 Catostomus .........-...- Pimelepterus.-...-----.--- 1387 Contralageees secs ere: Rhomboplites we ee eeenenees 1278 Climogstemuls ~ 22.3. a 2-265 oo) SEESUCS Gop k a ete moonceene 1830 Cycleptus See aed iarta Med Sebastodes .........--...-- 1830 Tapiohthys oe 4.252002 os LG SU he oc Bee oreSetoneec beeasaces 2537 TiGNCISCUH. oes. caso senses Navaga ..--.-------------- 2537 Targlas: soc ccen cesses TGA) pg G0 i ene eee 2188 Mopalops’-02-:5----2--- 2: JOU T nts eee RO aCee On sochECEnEee 2199 Menticirrhus ............ BD ACULUS Gann n anaes a aes 2200 Ophtiodonie:<- 220 sete ses zquidens..---..----------- 2202 Oaniennsreee tes ee ree amblyopsis ......---..--. 2199, 2200 Pleuronectes...........-- eUAISNUs 72-2. --s--6-.-- =~ 2201 Pomadasis ete eee capite plagioplateo .-.-..--.- 2201 Pomohg oe a ee grandisquama....---.-.--. 2198 Sclerognathus ..........- guavina ....--------------- 2199 Stopelus.v-2.-t-. 2--2 eee gyrinus -.----------------- 2201 | Sebastes echoes toon eae IAHCUANS seesnecrneaseamces 2195 yy OG, - aR a latifrons.------------ veeeee 2198 | Sonalins':2.-ssee.. 2es-- longiceps.----------------- 2195 | Symphurus .......-.....- THE UST eee eee 950 ZOSPEGR) 6 oe ee ee mugiloides .---.-------.--- PALA Solty til ieee ees ees oA ge omocyaneus ....-......... S “URGE 85) Ch 2 eee eee ee gs meee eae perniger....--- sretrteeeeee ZOOL HONE = 262 oes sae ae eens Fb ose. (eT ao55 S58 eb ecg socee 2201 | GARONAIA Resin cet ote ate 3 TOD Miah AS Sa ae oe 2200, 2201 InOMNIS teste ee ee seminuda.......-..-..-.-.- 2204 purpurascens ................ STH ee 55 oe abo See see 2198 (SEITE [= RS A Ba ee ef smaragdus ...-....-.-..--. 2204 | elucens, Siphostoma ....-.-..--.---- somnolentus..........----- 2198 | Synenathus 1. 22-es25-- 22 ep han tis hs semm a teen ce seins an OG ie WOR) tease acens tana ae ae meee Wish@seese2ceeees sae ccce 94 | emarginatum, Scarus......-..--.--- STE sae Sn eel eS 51 Sparisonia.--.------ - elephas, Squalus ...........-.---.-- 51 | emarginatus, Lobotes........-.---.- lem iherachie sac== ste aaeenee = ae 1229 Sree Tg eee ee COMACEHS -------—---5 1283) Jombassichthys ~2..--- -0--s----5-—4- eleutherus, Noturus.--..-..--------- 148, 149 bathybius .......... Schilbeodes ...-.....-.- 148) Him DIOLOCAs sores. sen sane ene eae Milliops .--= 5 -- 2 seae- nn = ose nnennn= 133 argyrosoma...-...-....-- elliotti, Diabolichthys ....-. Hacc ocee 93 CAEY Elec soon ecaee eae ae 768 2968 Index. Page. Enchelycore ooo. << <26-eepemeeene 389 euryrhina. .-...-.-.-.. 390 Ni STiCans 252.2 s.seee 389 Enchelyopus..-.--.------- 889, 2456, 2540, 2560 americanus. .....--. 2457, 2555 barbatus .....-- J.2:.- 2500 bros1me...5s---52-4aeee 2561 cimbricus,<.-..2 225-2 2561 | cimbriug:.- 32. se2-eeee 2560 regalis ~-22.2-e--seee= 2553 Enchrasicholus=-<2- --p.0-=22-=- Eee 448 | enchrysurus, Chromis..-..-..----.- 1548 | Endormi Emerande ..-...-..--.---. 2230 Mnedrias « «2. -.2-s:ke sansa eee 2414 nebulosus .-...eee=eeeeeee 448 argyrophanus .......--.- 445 atherinoides -......-...- y 451 DLOVIS 2.6.2 seep eee 450 brownil-....5=--e=e=eeeee 443 cherostomus ........---- 444 clupeoides -..------------ 447 compressus..---.-------- 447 cubanus’ :.- 2. .sssseeeeee 442 delicatissimus .....-....- 444 dentex: -7---eseeeeseeee 451 duodécim. .---.5--sacagees 446 edentulus. -.-- #-<2tessae- 450 prossidens:.. =<. 52-s-aa0e 451 janeiro... 22... < -2-5 tee 451 lemniscatus ..-...---....- 443 louisiana ---.s...--.es08 446 macrolepidotus .-..-----. 449 mitchillis. . 26. 2sss=eeeee 446 MOrdax ; .. +02 400s Sees 448 mynsticehus 2. -5s-0 cee 450 ' MANUS) - S22 ao ic wears pele oe 449 panamensis -2- 2 -o5-5-p 6c 448 perfasciatus ..-..-.-..-.- 442 PIQUIbIp a. ooo -eeeee 443 POO! «2245425. soee eee 445 productus<--.ne-ce-= ere 447 spiniter...--2. 0. aaa 448 surinamensis --.---.-..-.-- 447 tricolor: hope seae gee 443 engymen, Cetengraulis..--..---.... 2815 Engyophrys---- =. ~---2-2-49.---u-= 2668 sancti-laurentii -.-.-... 2668 enigmaticus, Schedophilus -----.--- 972 | Enjambre ..-..---------.----------- 1141 Enjambres .<-. 60.3505 oosss- eee eee 1140 | Enneacanthus. «......---..--.--ss<= 992 eriarchus) -...-2esers 994 gloriosus..... ree ee 993 Page. Embiotoca cassidyi.-....---.-.----- 1505 JACKSODI ansacuaesuase = 1504, 1505 PAOralin {et eaecseoes 1506 dviestas 53-552 ascet oe 1506 ip gL OEE he ees ee 1506 perspicabilis.........-.- 1506 WEDD ss5 325 ss Saas eee 1505 Sem DIOLOCINGS Soot o tas aan ee aes 1493 Hm piolocine 2255.2 22--<- 4654-2 pees 1494 SemPlSMATIO = o> ap oho ee 2401 atlantiea -.-2->--72--=- 2402 Dh ay tt gee Are Seis ie 2402 oculocirris ..\... 22. ..- 2403 Jain blOmariine: >= -5- Seino o see ae me 2347 emblematicus, Gobius-...--.-.--.-- 2247 Lepidogobius ......- 2247 ig fe See 1654 Zalypnus .......---- 2247 embryum, Blennicot- tus... 2016, 2864 Olig ocot- tHS)\ =... 2017 LO ie eee een ay SE eee eee 2458 icrassilabris:._--=--=---.==<- 2458 erotalinwsia sts. + =: aoe 2458 embryx, Gerres-.--<-----<-s=-.<:--- 1379 iimpraid ish. sooo noses eee eee 2229 Emerande, Endormi ..-..-...-.-..---- 2230 Emichthys megalops......-..------ 1502 emiliw, Opsopceodus..----.--------- 248 Livtrec (02 2b BEES Ee RR Soe ee aa 1601 WEMUSbA ooo so- anaes ae 1602 emmelane, Averrunens.-.-..-------- 2069 Tachysurus ..-.-.. ESSE 2785 WGHNGIAS o> seen ae 1765, 1773, 1777 Lepophidium ..-........-- 2483 Emmelichthyine..-...--...-.------- 1364 Emmelichthys --.-.--.--.-------.--- 1365 vitiatus.<22. 452-2 1365, 1366 FEnNNION <=. snes awe ee 2375 Mintle) --—-o=-=- see 2375 Pe TED Se sas ae oe aoe eee 2345 GHiOrys Glan esse eee ne amen t= oe 227 ViSUCISCOS eee corer t eens ee 226 | Emperador..-.---.------------------ 894 Empetrichthys--. .< .s22 2. <-<=-o0-- 666 | merriami: --.-----.- 667 Emphycus .-....----.---.<=--<-.- 2552, 2554 emphysetus, Arius --..-.-.-.--..--- 122 IBaSTHS Son se ener 122 Sciadeichthys ----..-.-. 122, 2759 Tachysurus.---...-... 122 Fnantiolipariss 23.2. 4se.6 205755056 2114 encwomus, Gobius.....------.-..---- 2223 Eincheliopus: 2<<<.esese~ see =o 2457 Enchelycephali .- 5.2 ..cscwsaseso a2 345, 346 Index. 2969 Page. eos, Paecilichthys-s..<.o.060..-5-25- 1102 Pronotogrammus ....-.....---. 1225 Sehastodes:2-:2--05-5.542:-.--- 1810 WMosebastes 22222. -.22222-=< 1765, 1775, 1798 penlanwis sea..csneceemee eee Oe 25, 522 LSD PGE ce as rate cet arain ate aan = 1666 Dory ip ries ee Renee Re oak aie. eee 1667 ephippium, Plectropoma ..-..------- 1192 | Ephippus faber -..........- (peer 1668 fall Ry Sac rides Saooceeae ne 1668 ZOUANS = 2 esse ene = 1669 TDG BYIS eee loot aa are ee aie 2529 Bey ler Sener Sonne aoe eee 2530 | epicurorum, Chromis ...-...--..--- 947 PIpISOMIeG NER YA, 22222505 sae eee ae 4 [EGO eee eee ee pe eee eee 1111 Occidentalis \.'cs2so-06 = 1112 epihexodon, Entosphenus.......... 12 Lampetra ...<..--.---. 12 Epinepheling ~~. ..\.-...-.-22-.25. 1128 Epinephelus..-...........-- 1148, 1152, 2853 adscensionis..---.-- 1152, 1154 IOP S22. tpt 1165 enalogus.'.2.2-.--.25- 1152 BBM eso ee ee 1159 ascensionis ..-......-.- 1154 aspersus.......---.... 1154 atlanticus ..2-.--..2.% 1154 DONEC =-=2~.- oa = === 1175 brachysomus ...-..-.- 1154 calligris....=s2i.<-5 1186 CAGES susace we = rena 1159 ghalinius.<-22-)-2se" 1181 GUISGUS cones = 2 1784 CUbANUS.~-.e.~---- 552 1158 dermatolepis -..-.---- 1169 dimidiatus ..-.--.-.--. 1179 drummond-hayi --.---. 1159 faleattgnu <2 eee Se 1185 flavolimbatus...-..--. 1155 PACES woe aa 1164 SOAR © crc ntaw oim em 1154 CS eld Us oe Bae 1154 guttatus.-....---.---- 1142, 1159 minim ih; tee eS Ae 1168 interstitialis.......--- 1179 JOLOAU — css 1177 labriformis -.....-.... 1155 lnnulatus...--. -..--.- 1159 maculosus.--..-----..- 1158 Piatt: Sener meme 1162 microlepis-.--..-------- 1178 Vi iat te ae a Pe 1160 multiguttatus .--..--- 1166 mystacinus..--------- 1151 FULTS) = =o eseaee ee < 1162 Page. Enneacanthus margarotis.--....--. 994 Ob@SUS: <5 555) Ee ss- 993 PIN Os = saeee see == 994 simulans...=- 322-=- 994 BE CONOR .5o22% <2 tens noma = = 1143 falvUsss eae oe 1145 outalibi -.--..- 1146 guttatus..-...-. --.- 1142 coronatus . - 1142 panamensis....------ 1141 punctatus .-. -.----.- 1146 tBDIOPS 2222-2 ee wn 1144 enneagrammus, Ernogrammus.-.-.- 2441 Stiehweus 2-22-22. 2441 THE AHOCUCR:sooc-0 ou - nee manne <5 = 2349 CarMInalis..../5--.-t3 =< 2350, 2868 ID (CU ee ee 1143, 1147 MMIGHEBYS <9 roe ote se wee 1501 PMO PUEY Bese s osteo a Se te 1937, 1938 DISOV o-oo aso lees 1938 | GCIAWINOE acess a ote 1938 giceraus eee sseseees hoes 1941 | Enseigne, Porte.--..------.----...- 1687 ensenade, Rhinoptera ----.-.-.----- 91 ensifera, Bairdiella...---..-..------- 1434 WGMBIG Roe osetia se 1435 | ensiferus, Centropomus......-.---. 1125 | ensiformis, Trichiurus-.---...----- 887 ensis, Gaidropsarus..--.-..------.--- 2558 IGS 321 ee ee eae 2559 (ON: Oe ae Se ene ae 2559 SSAA NEN ea fa ote lcletalete one ea 824 Entemedor. ...-.--..-.2.-.-2--.----- 2752 entemedor, Narcine.-.......-------- 2752 Entomacrodus..-.-.----.----------- 2397 ehiostictus '.2...--=- 2398 Geceratus- 2252. ~22< =. 2399 margaritaceus -....-- 2398 nigricans.....-...--. 2399 entomelas, Sebastichthys -.--...----.- 1786 _ -Sebastodes -.------..-.. 1785 MPa PNON WSs 2. oeas—he aes cow~ os 11 camtschaticus.--..... 2745 epihexodon ..--....-.- 12 tridentatus.........-- 12 Entoxychirus .--.-.-.-............. 53 WMNXATEO: . 05-22 cencesasescscmss=ma> 926 Hnypnias ------=---.cna-67s0----- 2231, 2233 | Wopsetta ----<---2=- a nsawe owen en == 2613 | NOU OU poe eee eee cient 2613 BOR SEA MEDACIONS 2 poe aes aioe 2343 Teel V (eh OU] Oye AR ER Se 1102 HPOSOMIUS a-5-<<-6 ease tn ae 210 erythrogaster... - 210 | GODIGSOXe == anaes ae 2343 OrthOnOpSia.cso—-—nosemc ee adocs 2262 3030——109 2970 Index. age. Page. Epinephelus niphobles-.--.....---- 2853 | Ericaria...-..-...---..------------. 2816 niveatus --....-..-.--. 1156 salMonea ..2- 3.5 aces soeee 2816 OA oe oem beer 1183: | Erich»ta™ .s..<-ssseeeeeeeeee 314, 315 striatus ---.-------- 1157,1208 | Erimyzon .......-.5-2.csceccunseans 184 tONLIOPS -----5---0en-- 1144 foodel -<-. <2 2 asee seen 186 Uitea@ | Jeeeerne 2S eecoese 1187 sucetta ...--.... Pesan en 185, 186 Venenosus..----....<- 1172 oblongus ......-.. 186 KONACHUA.-scsenenn=s 1180.| erimacea, Raia: ....._-3: desea 68 Epinnula..-..----------------------- 880 | erinaceus, Trichocyclus.-.......... 1744 magistralis..-....-...-..- 880;| Erinemus <------------- cope eee 314 episcopa, Dionda...---.-------...-- 215\| Exritrema::--.).. 5-2 -2eeaseeeeeeneee 308 Hybognathus .......-.... 215 || ri20- =~... 22 a=<<-oes eee eee 1745 episcopi, Gambusia .----...--..--.- 683 Guanabana......-...-.- Rees 1746 episcopus, Hybognathus .... ....-.- 215 | Ernogrammus enneagrammus.....- 2441 Oi ve eee eee cegess Bosdasena5 254 | erochrous, Hololepis ..............- 1102 callisema....cscdeseras=-= 273 | Peecilichthys ..--....-.- 1102 a (si]ie eeeasete a a, se 290.| Hrogala ---.5..'5-<..20<.5-5= eee 254 Figitiaidiya!seesc.sien eee 1023 | Erotelis ...-.------++-++-+-+-------. 2203 epadkis, Maer: 5c... tesca-s eaters 443 amaragdus 4.<.2stscseneee 2204 equatorialis, Chlopsis......-..---.- 364 valenciennesi-.....-..---.- 2204 Raja. loss Jbeeesshe-e 74°| ExrychthyS .-2.---0>--2-2-e spe 1642 Eques..--------- seeebao sce eDor Sone 1485, 1489 croicensis --.---.-...... . 1651 ACUMINAMIS ---.--onesse-=- 1487 | erythreeus..-.....00----..-20s00- one 1531 umbrosus......- 1487 Heros ..-..-------++----- 1531 americanus '.<25.<2-05225---- 1490 | Erythrichthys .-.---.-...-........- 1365 balteabun?)3..-ssseead. 2 1490 | Vittatus) ogee 1366 lanceolatus: - 27-22: Sosee=- 1489, 1490 | Erythrinidz.......-..-..--.-.-..... 330 lin@atns. -peteo oa ee 1487 erythrinoides, Scarus.....-....-...- 1635 pulcher, 2222.52 se5seei2= :..s-ceeuee 193 erebus, Mureia, ..<25-22.22e~sn0-= 396 Ptychostomus ........- 193 erethizon, Arothron .--.......----- 1739 | esca, Clupea.-.-.--------- eee ee 421 OvOldes= --s-e sent eeeeee 1739 | escambize, Zygonectes.-........---- 658 Letragon 7.455 53as-s52e59 1739 | escamuda, Sardina ....-............- 431 eriarcha, Atherinella .............-. 803 | eschrichtii, Oneirodes -............-. 2732 Copelandia .......-....... 994 | Hiscolar.<--<..-.-- 2S. n.-p=ee eee 879, 2843 Mirystole eee asceckes a 803 Chine... -s2-s-eeeeeee eee 1114, 1284 eriarchus, Enneacanthus .......... 994 de. Natara.:.:isstesssoneeee 976 Index. 2971 Page. Page. Escolor violaceus. ...........--...--- A843) |p HSOXSAUMIN 3a2—2 52. ciseniee >= = 1078 PGE oe BER ea ke 672 | CMereuMh . 220242505555 < 1078 phaleratus ----2---.-- =~... 628 | CUR O Uo n pee ee eee ae 1091 pisciculus ......-.....-...-.-- 641 cymatotenia .-..-.-... 1042 PISCUIONUUS soe eee reese e == 641 | GA VisODl 2.-esean—ne ace 1049 porosus..-.-~.--.--.----------- 627 GTi jo So SE Ges eS 2853 Tavenele-- == --e— ee = eee 626 elegans).. 2122.5. sa acon 1074 TURICUIAWIS. sors cee ene eee eee a= 628 vides = ese ene 1037 salmoneus .......-.. escece 530, 627, 629 OxNGssee eco aewedes so =e 1103 2972 Index. -Page. | Page Etheostoma flabellare --....----.--- 1097 | Etheostoma schumardi-......-...-.. 1047 cumberland- SCIGTHIR. 2p sens see 1038 ICR aoe ie 1098 SCOVELUN - oe ae eee 1082 lineolatum.. - 1098 squamatus ............ 1040 fabellaris’: =ss2----55-= 1097 squamiceps.-....--.--.- 1096 fighbellstas-522522222tks 1097 Stigmeuuiss sess eee eee 1048 fONWEO AL! =F cea ncaa 1105 Swannanoa .....--..... 1070 fortimalis:- s--3225----5- 1034 | tuscumbia -.....--....- 1100 Wistri0 = $225 57see meas 1051 uranides. - .:.<.:leesass 1045 inscriptum ....-.--.--<- 1072 | variainm -2<: ssscss0e8 1069 D0ge seeps. aan ees 1084 verecundum .-=:/-5---- 1050 1OWD oo oe eae ewaeae 1083 | Vexillars <2. -se=e ese 1058 JOSS cece ese ee see ee 1084 virgatum . 2.22 -53c2-225 1093 jorlani:.->2s-s4- o222 2 1079, 1080 vulneratum.....-....-. 1077 IU popeeeea- fener see 1093 whipplei alabame ....-. 1095 laperale..<.. 33252 a-6 5% 1099 whipplii . <-> 2a7 eee 1095 lepidogenys -.-----.--- 1087 wrighti. 52-32: 322283 1047 lepidune 2. ssaaeeeneee 1089 | ZONBIO-~ 5 -- oe eee - 1075 MIO Y Ye ee Sacre nee oe 1097 arcansanum --.. 1075 longimana.--..---.-..-- 1054 | etheostoma, Aboma.......-......-- 2240 luteovinctum.....----- 1086 || Etheostomin®-- --.2) -ssn2s2ocee ees 1018 lynceum. -----..----.-- 1075 | ethon, Syngnathus ....-.......-..-. 767 macrocephalum. .-..-.. 1031 | Etmopterus -----=2.-22--5- = sae 55 maculatum .....--.---- 1077 pusillus. .. 23-2 55 Microperca -..;...--..- 1104 etowanus, Catostomus nigricans -.. 181 micropterus .......--.- 1083 | Etropus ---... -. 22222. e eee 2687 NGVISONSC ---- os ca-seese 1034 / CYOSSObUS --= 5 52.-->- os meee 2689 Te US. se 1043 / microstomus -.......-..-. 2687, 2690 - spilotum...... 1044 TIMOSUS. —. 2 =oose eee 2688 nigrofasciatum .-....-. 1039 | Etrumeus...--..2.2cccceees=--eeneee 419 TOE =e eeeeeons 1057 acuminatus.....-......-. 419 OPA 2222 ee so = 1070 sadina .2.2.55-.2s-.eedese 420 obeyense .-----2------- 1092 | teres ==. =<... cheeeeeeae 420 olmstedijj-2222552-53-.2 1057 | Hucalia -..-.- 222... cc. cose ee eee 743 ouachit# --...-.. eons 1035 inlconstans... ... 7... sscaeees 744 PALO! - <5 - oases sacha 1092 | cayuga ..-...-.. 744 parvipinne 222225203222 1096 | pygmea -.....-: 744 pellucidum clarum -.-. 1063 | Eucentrarchus.............--.-.-.. 988 peltabam: =~ i 222422 235 1034 ] Kuchalarodus - 22-~ ~~~ 5222 sceeeeee= 2649 phoxocephalum. -.-.--- 1031 putnami .....--...... 2650 podostemone ..---...-. 1055 | Hucinostomus ........-...--2..-5. 25 1367 potieil - -s<.ce8ette: SS: 1082 | argenteus.-......--.- 1371 prieliare.. 22222252 - 1104 californiensis ---...-.. 1369 preeliaris - <2. 2222-6... - 1104 dOwi->2aseewe= eee 1367 punctulatum .......--- 1090 | gla. -- eee ee 1370 quappell2.222--- 2.22... 1084 | gulula <2 2-2 ee 1371 quiescens.........:--.- 1101 harengulus .......... 1368 FOX ooo ee eee oe 1026 © lefrayt. ss. —o.--ee-eeeeeee 736 VITIGIS ce: testes nae 1246 © maculipinnis .-.......-2. 737 HVOrtROGUS 252 ae se de eeee now 2208 | Meélanurds|-.--e eee 735, 736 breviceps:::..<2.--<..2 2208 | mesogaster...-..-------- 729 oatolusi.> s+. bssceaen 2218 | MONOCITUS .. 2s. seeneee 730 Hvoxymetopon\------=-25-+esess-56= 885 nigricans <....---eeeeee 737 TBnIaLIS 2 o.eea ses 886 noveboracensis.......... 735, 736 exasperata, Platyrhina.....----.--. 65 nuttalli: .5..% 252225 5e 737 Sytrhinay so. o5 eee 65 obtusirostris .........-.. 730 exasperatus, Rhinobatus ....--...-. 65 orbignianus ............. 729 TapteryxX |--ssese sen 64 PATI; 22228ty. Beeson 740 TEXOC POS oo eo saeseeta 5 eerie 2367 procne :.252s230 22-5 see 737 CVS 112) Dapp amp ab ae cece ee 2367 Quadrirenmtise=--257-asess 735 exiguus, Bodianus .-........-.--..- 1433 roberti... 4. <=.24s46-eheRe 735 Stolephorus............... 442 TODUS{HS)22a2aas2 a= seer 736 exile, Dorosoma cepedianum..-...- 416 « rondeletii:-3. 22. a.sass= 733, 734 Etheostoma....-...........<- 1103 TubeSCOlS\...-25 2-440eeeee 734 exilicauda, Lavinia...........---<<: 208 rufipinnis'-.S52se->—.46e6 735 Lencistus = 2-822 .ce-0=5 209 scylit.....csssssse- eee eee 735 exsiliens, Exoccetus.-.....--.--...- 732, 734 speculiger..-.-s--e..2ee" 734 exilis, Belonezsa.52bt2seteess se weenie 714 spilonotopterus ---...-..- 740 Boleichthys 2-2. <2ces-eaeeeee 1103 spilopus::22224-<.ssa0e 738 Hippoglossoides.-.-.-.------ 2613 splendens*s2i2ss5-5sneeee 730) byopsettae---e----4s~-e-eeee 2613 | _. vermiculatus:---. 2:22: 740 INGHELNS) snc o> ae eo 147 vinciguerr®. ......-.---- 734 IPw@cvichbhys)2-.4-e+eeee--—- 1103 Volador2227.eoes cee aes 733 Schilheodes...=.c2sseenenss- 147 Volitans\-2. -\4d-mem 734, 736, 2835 (ylOS0US = == ea ane ran 714 zenopterus ....---..----- 738 eximius, Cyprinodon .......---..--- 673 | Hxoglossing...2222-. see e se eee 204 Mocws ds 355. ccesco cere 726° | Wxoprlossuim.::=-2.ssssesee eee ees 327 HEXO@COSUHS. = snes ain os ae 730, 731, 732, 734 annulatum “25-2 sossens 327 BCUUHS eee = eee 728 dubinnt.-< Sse>- 2 ane 206 SOI Sie so mce aoe see ae 735, 2836 lesueurianum ......... 327 albidactylus .......--..- 739 maxillingua........... 327 appendiculatus.-.-.-..-- 736 mirabile: -22-eeesaee aoe 303 bahiensis ..-.... Becta ald 739 nigrescens -.-..22....- 327 bicolor... 2. 2eseeses5 738 spinicephalum ........ 206 brachycephalus -.-...--.- 733 vittaiim.o/52.sssee eae 327 califurnicus -......<-...- 730,740 | exoletus, Acantholabrus ..........- 1576 callopterus< 2csccnkax- 740 Centrolabrus ..--...:...-. 1576 GHIIONSISi/.2 5226s a5 eee 730 Labrus . . <2. saeneceeeees 1576 COMALUS e222 faenetene ne 736 |, Bxonautes --..0.u--sacees Sonweolens se 2835 cyanopterus......--.--.- 739 affinis: 3. sieces. =e eee 2836 GOwi! Saasaawsseuseetesee 735 exsiliens. -. .cems.ckeease 2836 evolans ::. ih echt ae ae Wpimepnelug) on-o--+5-4-= > 1185 | aE peat Eee ee et ee 738 ILGMICATANX sos sece. os sms 2845 Wee GEER ARLE Wate eee Pine Cees 942 ahi hae at CE Oe eric 1479 Lachnolaimus...........-. 1580 lsc ss. fle glial dca A > is M@EVADUS secs torent aacaciots 1185 | Gg iGBOS ss 7S> nag ana ane oe eon eras 1583 | S23) 11s We SSE ge =e a 2222 | Se eee 941 | Gunnellus Seas hates See a= 2418 Weasobropis.---s2scsaea eee 141 Serranua:.-=.2-csnsseee 1154 Silas 42 a 4o soe pees eet 128 ZOSTCOS 25.125 eee 2457 fenestralis, Artedius.............-.- 1900 | Fimbriotorpedo -=2--< 2. 25-- eee q7 fenestrata, Chromis ........-.----.- 1518 | Fine-scaled Sucker-< =~. -2-.2-- oe eseth io bie fenestratum, Cichlasoma. --..-.-.--- 1518 | firmisquamis, Bogoslovius .--...... 2575 fenestratus, Heros ...-....----....-- 1518 Macrurus -<.4-ee 2576 ferox,;, Alepisanxus.-22-eee-2- eee 595 |, fischeri, Achiris-.---—- -2.5ssee-eeee 2700 Bathyopliis: st: 2342 se soe 605 | ACDIPUS .2 = =<--n pees 2699 Bathysanruseececn =e seeeon. 539 | Cheto8tomus.-----.-...... 160 Cynoponticus .......-....... 360 | Solea --...-. 2b onseap eee 2700 Idiacanthus ..2- 222 ..-2-2--= 605 ‘Tetragonopterus ...--..--- 334 Lepisostens! 2.) 2228 2262-2 111 | Fish, Angell. 3022-2 3) eeeeeeeeeee 58 Shonnigs 2+++522265- eee Soe 588 | Bat .2c: 22. 5cctep eee ae 2737 ferruginea, Limanda...........--.- 2644 Butter: 22:5 49635 .25 eee 2419 Myzopseita .......-.--- 2645 Cobbler. ..4s..222-cnetaeeeee 931 Platessas So stecss eet 2645 Common Alligator ..........- 2061 ferrugineus, Characodon....-......- 669 Common Buffalo .....--..--.- 163 Pleuronectes .......-- 2645 | Creek: 2-2ii.-2 52 -eeeee eee 185 fenille, Polyodon’. sac 222. see sseer 102 Crevles.cccce sda= ees 1221 Wistolas. sti? 2s sof 5 0 a eer 964 | Devil. ..6.5.3. 22. -c aera 92 fibulatus, Spinicephalus.........--.. 2796 | DismaliSwamp._-cccpecsseeee 703 Hiddler Pishi:225.22e eee eee 63 | Doll....0.2.:52ee- eee 1674 fieldii; Stomias: <2 3335-2 ees ne 586 | Dovetail ..o<..-2-205-en eee ee 1563 Maeranfer\ 2-2-3. pease cece eeeae 2495 | Elephant. <..:..- ssscas tees 95 QHNIG 5.42 eee too see 2495 Emerald.) .<.% 3..=2.- seh seeee 2229 arenicola ............----- 2496 Pile. 222.s2iciee eee 1715, 1718 bermudensis .............- 2497 Hiddler-.sscacere wuld nia aie ees 63 Index. 2977 Page. Page. Fish, Fool. -+..-------------------- 1715, 1718 | Wishes, Mackerel-like ........-..--. 860 Glance ..--...--++-++--++++--- ob4 Mail-cheeked........--.---- 1756 Globe....-------.---------<--= 1734 Mil cg See eee ae pstis a 414 Good ....-------------------+- 487 Bierontitess 5p sse abana: ae 1620 Guitar -.--.-.---------------- 63 Pedigniatersaces scan 22 2712 Hand-saw --.----------------- 596 Pérch-like..52 <3 4sc04--< << 979 Harvest -.-.------------------ 965 Pike liken nes wie 22s: 622 Indian -.--.---.-------------- 1680 Plectognathous -........--. 1696 sa theta saioe a sseniee 1714, 1715 Porcupine.....------ <---- 1742, 1744 (DER peee AaB SECU EOS eee Tae 1850 Peery ee ee eee 968 Lizard ...-------------------- 538 Rudder ss.-.5-c-e sees a5 1380 10ers BRC Ee ae eee rae en 964 Scompuome =k ate eee 1839 ITO Seas eer eee pes eer aor 1376 Serreant(.}2-- 34-55 s5.b 5852 947 (Opt) eS eee Se pere este oo 879 Spiny-xayed 222.2 2lvs-so<5 779 Portuguese Man-of- War. ----- 949 Synentognathous..........- 707 TC ep ae aa Sepa oe eas 555 Prachinoidss: ea sne eee 2273 Priestess napa n= sesso =-- =< 1784 rue te. sa se boe cee ees 97 RaDDibee= == one-one 882 1110) panes ena Eee ee 1720 eainwatiers. ceo ee = amaa-= 52 O63) |ushing Mropesas.cs25— naa ae 2713 Red-mouth Butialo ..--.------ 163 | fissuratus, Neoliparis .......------- 2113 Rede P arse ta.=,-.--)-<-6 te ohe nea 1633)! HaBWE WATING o-85a5-2e0 ceo Roe 131 Jv pia ee ere 1489, 1490 Naghiswrna tz. vsetsent ae 131 San Pedro..--...--2-------.--- 954 Tachysinus =. 2-2) =i2.~+-=2- 131, 2782 SCAUBATC se = 25 o- -—- camer en <= S87, S89. Pnintalaviae.-4- sewn a soteee cel 756 Sun) see eee See sae rs eae 879 commersonii ....--....--- 758 Sergeant ......-...----------- 948 OPTERSA 4.726225 sees 757 Singin soccer so ---eee = = 2321 immaculata ....-.------: 758 ‘SHIGHT 928 Ge ee San see Seer eee 1088 neoboracensis .....----- 757 PROHOGID Felon ee ena n= a 2710 PSHMDS 55% coSecp53-25% 758 BVA ier astarsin ole slaw ima = 886 | SerratanSsh ade ce uee 758 Use Lay sete tice wiwrcla a Sea aim 137 tabacaniag..-...-.--- 757, 758, 2837 DCD Ve oats = a= = = 1719) oistulariids 2-4. = ...s-se0e0's- -=5-2 755 RISES Vise rotareta wot totaie oles lmiaiem Slam 1144 | fistularis, Flagellaria........--.---- 757 WGSHES! aoc ge ewes eee -e eee 14 fistulatum, Siphostoma.........---- 765 BAER PO on oo wele sie eae en 2 —= 58 | fistulatus, Syngnathus -....---.---. 765 JAE Re Roa ee ese nee 1864 | flabellare, Etheostoma....-.-.------- 1097 Black Rudder ----:-.-..--.. 963 cumberlandi- Lire Eee ee ee 2343 oniis. 44-44% 1098 Tibi 2h SOAR hee = eee 702 lineolatum - - - 1098 DST 2 See eee eee 113 flabellaris, Etheostoma..-....-.----- 1097 cevniiblit) 4 8-2 or eee 2498 flabellata, Etheostoma.......-.----- 1097 Leonie: (in Sane ne See eee 163. flabbellatus, Catonotus.....-. Seale tate 1098 Candinale =< e-em - == 1105 | Flag, Spanish -....- --------------- 1817 Sips ne See ae See ae See 160 | Flagellaria ...----.--------------=-- 756 Cimhitaidhs 22.2325 1490 Aetolarien2-s2ss 06626 Se- 757 VOPR S) ee ss Eo eee eee 888 | flagellum, Raia.....--.----.------+- 88 LU Lyi a Tee se ener eee 94 Saccopharynx -.....----- 406 NG Sean pesicemeeensemsac aro 1712, 1717 | Flags, Spanish -.-.-------.----=-=-- 1139 Nowr-eyed).-- = =~ . 2 ae iee cane tens 2235 Fundulus .:t.2s~see=eeeue 643 Noturas .- 226 ccemencise ee 144 | Micropercs-<-s2-—-5seeee= 1104 L[hdex. 2979 Page Page fontinalis, Etheostoma .--....-..--- 1097 | fraterculus, Mylocheilus ........-.- 220 Salmoe. 22u os ie. 252250. 507 | fremebundum, Heemulon ......---- 1297 WSalvelinnsis....8 28.5. 506 | fremebundus, Diabasis......--..--. 1297 agassizii --.--. 507 | freminvillei, Doydixodon.......-. 1382, 1384 LONE RCUTIS ITS 3 Se See a fee ae eee 633, 634, 645 | Miyhiohatis =.= sscs<-e 89 FIMOMHS Her 22 etic oe se oe = wee cee 1715,1718. | frenatus; Balistes'.-.2-- 22 -.css\s<.- 1705 HOEDESI COLA sc. oe ejo- eos. aoneee 272 Brachyistius ~:s0...2.--..- 1499 SeVPYINO Ls oe hentia 2a 272 Micromeiros == 2525 sese--< 1499 Ortho PrIstisic scat «s=san.<.<7 1336 Odontopyxis ..--.-- eassee 2075 forcipatus, Balistes ....--...-...-.. 1702 Sarritor ...... ramethalstaisiniee 2073 UGE GUN ROT ora chains faim vans oa lain'a alote bie or2 1671 | FAMOLEPIS. 223 jn.noe cee see 1877 AAVASSINN US) Jacl ses IGT |(Rirench) Girne .-scsees-see oes ees 1306 forficata, Elanura ..-.........--..--- 1930 | Mullet. 2-3 2s5.c2.s2s---c056 813 Guaperva lata........-..- AOD" | PE roredacduesec. a8. outsse- 2 snes ss 846 formosa, Algansea ......--.---.---- 246 | Fresh-water Drum ...............-. 1484 Ghiola a aoneen 2. selena 271 | Hl Sorta teeoaeaces a5 348 RY HCOStOMG =. Sar See s2sseaee 25. 2 =< 39 IN GEEODIRS =< clos =< 9 -ae aa BUS nos iets 5-205... =..2 Seen eee oo 2540 Spheroides .............- Mia erost ISHS = .25c-0ans05 «ee een oso 886 Petrodom .....-.--<-:--- 1737 | Fry, Hog-mouth ......-.....-.-.--. 444 forskali,,Glossodus-<---<<--<..-55% 411; ) fi Censis; Eaparis i526 se sno es

os= 22 awe 2389 scudderi, Diabasis.--.-..---...----- 1300 Heomulon..=.s-5--2 5-526 1299, 1300 STU TS eer er REP eRe ee seo Se 1847 ATCMGH as ss55 so ter see ele 1973 PaGks coe). on cere ee te 1985 Daddy == 3222 <.223seos cece = 1974 Murvopean:s= 25: --sese~-eoee, 1974 GtGAbs ae == se eee 1976 Long-spined ......-.-..-..- 1976 ed 2a22s--22-s5eneeee see 1935 Wollow 2223: J2-sssseucsoes 1934 SCWIPING 25.525 eas ssu~ = eee mae ees 1879 GYreab == 222-22 - ese e eee 1970 Spincless)- =ocsssece= es ooe= 2025 PLONE s2s52—2 sere cose eee 1937 Scup, Common.-.--=:-->- 5-2-5... - 1346 Scuppaug ..--.------=----.---.----- 1346 scutata, Echeneis ....---.---.....-.- 2271 scutellatum, Scombresox.-.--..--.-- 726 SECT RR Sn Se a 403, 404 scuticaris, Bascanichthys ...--...-- 378 Coeculase-s.-2=--s-e-e ae 379 : Sphagebranchus .-...... 379 Bentiger, LCOS -s2se—-p--n==e ne oee 1910 Tae Ses cemeteries = 1209 scutwm; Achirgs 3-2220ss2222- sso 700 SU Pe eee a ia ef oe 2700 scylla, Exoceetus .-----.-----....... 735 Ey DO DSS Sosa eee 263 INGIODIS Soc senna n name 263 Scylliorhinid 32-2-- heen - eee 22 Scylliorhinine ==225-=--s=- -oneeeasn 22 Seylliorhinus .-----.----...----.-.. 22 profundorum ---..---. 22 Teufere assccse tere 25 Seyllinm )2-*°-- ---==-- ==" -- 2 = ee 22 retiferum.-.-------..--.-.- 25 Vventrosmim ==: 25825: s-5- 25 Scymnoid Sharks ---:-.-.----.--...- 56 Scymnus brevipinna --------------- 57 Scyphius --->---222-2--:--5--2-222.- 774 Scyris'...5.6 5225-22 2-- 255-2 --semes 931 Scyris analis ....-------------.----- 932 Scytalichthiys = °-=2c2- -- -n---n ne == 387 : TORITIN oe eae sees 387 Scytalina.....--------------------.- 2454 COLQd1 Gq sos= oe asec eee 2454 Scytalinides 255525 oSshe5 ie cee deacus 2453 Scytaliscus..-...2-:...------....-.- 2454 Scytalopitis:: <-22=<2c- ssc ec- eee oes 381, 384 magnioculis ..........- 385 Index. Page. Seda Baga)... .-6.<2'0-25--02 eee 1126 Bats. ..52. ceas<.'5 eee 2736 Catiish! 2-223 use Sestes 118, 119, 128 Devil. .2.= 22 .=. Jas. dee eee 91, 92, 2727 IDTUMS . -.. 2. <5 see eee ae 1482 Mink: . <...5soueee. ose eee 1475 Poachers; -5s=ss-s552-se5 2031, 2065, 2091 R@veN . 2025-0 4-2ss eee 976, 2622, 2023 Serpent - 2..--"- 2. coseen eee 384 Snail ..:..-b.25s-cecss< sees 2105, 2114, 2116 SHIPC..- 6-o4-ce a ee 714 Trout). 025222 t-scece soe 1407 Spotted: = -=--cecass esas 1409 Seahorse... «=< ap oo « os Aa 775 Common American...--.- 717 | Sea Robin, Brown-winged .....-..-- 2167 Red-winged | 22--2sss==-8 2156 sebago, Salmo salar....-........---. 487 Sebastapistes --.-------. os oeee ae 1839 guttatus ...--.......- 1848 Sebastes": - 22s 1833 CaRrinus...< -. 222 5eneeeeeee 1821 dactylopterus..-.....-.. 1837, 1838 darwini -.-.-- 0 2 ee 1832 Clegahs - --- ce oee see ee eee 1830 elongatus 5... -2s5-steseee 1816 fasciatus:.-<. sacsecesse 1761, 1827 helvomaculatus.-.-........ 1808 imperialis. =. 05 .sssse4s 1837, 1838 inermis: - =. 22524-4756 e nee 1829 MarMus.-<..2230.s8es0s9 1760, 1761 viviparus .-...... SAVEL melanopS ~..22 6252s aaseee 1783 nematophthalmus. .....- i 2861 nigrocinctus ..-..--------. 1828 HIVOSUS!: 2-552 eee eee 1834 norwegicuS .-.--.-...-.-.- 1761 oblongus:.--.-22-.2s--e=e= 1830 oculata...2--- <.ceseeeeeeee 1832 paucispinis -----..-...--.. 1781 TOPOS - Ss. asoseeeee hawaes 1761 TOSACCUS ....-.------------ 1794 ruber, 2:22 5.=25-s0sseeeee ee 1818 septentrionalis.-.......---- 1761 steindachneri ....-.......- 1830 taczanowskii -.......--- E 1832 variabilis:.---s< 1 see esos 1784 Ventricosus .2252.5-6.ne-e8 1829 Viviparus = 5 -+-<--eeaoeee 1761 Sebastichthys..---...-.-.... 1765, 1777, 1827 atrovirens. -.------.. 1798 SULOTS: 52-4. eee 1803 brevispinis...-...--. 1788 carnatus ..... omeeke. aoe Index. . 3099 Page. Page Sebastichthys chlorostictus --....--. 1812 | Sebastodes glaucus .......-..---.-- ee LET chrysomelas. --.-..-.- 1826 GOODE sos sates es cscs 1779 constellatus -...---.- 1807 hoplcinsl 3. -3f2s5: =: - 1789, 2860 diploproa.~ oe. -oss=~ 1802 IMNEMUAIS: ser oma ess 1829 entomelas .-.-......- 1786 introniger ....-.-.----.-- 1805 fasciolaris= -—-<---=<= 1827 MORE RN se ce ns am aia Se 1778 flava 1S ee ceo aati 1782 JOYUOCLe <5 secs 1829 MOOCOle. sees eee aaa 1780 ROWS = sae oe tae = 1816 introniger ...-..-... 1805 macdonaldi /.--2-.-.-.- 1786 1OVIS o---6-= sogcee Se 1816 Mmalicans(eis se. «a-ha ee 1822 maliger=..5.-2.-s-< 1823 |_ matsubare. ----- 1796, 1833, 2860 miniatus ......-.-... 1795 melanops...---------- 1782, 1783 mystinus------...... 1785 _ melanostomus. --.------ 1803 nigrocinetus ......-. 1828 MIMiGhUs os. 52~= 4-6 mie = 1794 OVvaliseseces 54 saienlene 1789 WUpAWKULW se oe ee 1831 PiInni Sere... see =' 1794 WHY SURG sco < ana sae 1784, 1785 PLOTIPOL a. os == ~~ 1788, 1793 NODWOSUS)-2 coce sas 5 ee =< 1826 purpureus--.........- 1826 nigrocinctus ...-......- 1827 rastrelliger.......... 1820 PUVOSUS 2 -saleiseseeseeee 1833 rhodochloris-.--...--. 1810 qhblongus--ss<=-->- rn. + 1830 rubrivinctus ........ 1817 GQUlaTNs soseo- opal o 1832 TOPestris)....<. -.-. 506 1813 OVSLIAN es oncee esac 1788 saxicola ...........-. 1799 paucispinis-........-... 1780 SOLLICEPS ...-.=------ 1761 PEP ANS 515 ashen aoe! 1830 | SIGLVOLIS 520 a= 42sec 1763 Clongatus: --:.<=----.5.. 1815 | macrochir ....-...-.-- 1763 GIT) Oa 1785 | Sebastomus ...........------ 1765, 1775, 1805 GY ilecet 26 Ses Sse ested 1810 | Sebastoplus -.---..--.---.2--.-----2 1854 Hayidus 4- sso oee ose: Ss 1781 | dactylopterus -.....--- 1837 pilhertiiactesncsce=cs-2525 1923) |: Sebastopsis: -=22-----=-25----=-s-- =. 1835 A a8 fess oso 1811 RYE sAcqsret ees 1835 3100 ° Index. Page. Page. Sebastosomus .....---.------ 1765, 1774, 1781 | sellicauda, Epinephelus -.-......-.-- 1155 pinniger.....-..-.--- 1794 | sellifer, Halichzres -...........-.-. 1592 sumulans.---=-5-.---- 1783 Tridio.::..K2tssecsspee eee 1592 seco, Luxilus..........---=--------< 250 | sem; Caranx..- 222 2 <-oseseee ese 923 Sectator: =< aes peae ona 49 Cothus: -.< 32252 eee 1949 selanonus, Squalus ..--.----.------ 49 semiscabra, Cottus centropleura---. 1945 Solan) -cpcceedes chee ase een eee eee 916, 918 Uranidea 2 scesecmanee 1950 Selaroides:6-< 2. «|=. sees eee ee 916 ‘semispinosus, Caranx -..----.------ 911 Selenaspid) co --2--5-2 = seeae eee 119 | Semitapicis -----..-.--=_-227 2-22 332 Selenaspis -........----------- 120, 124, 2760 | Semotilus ---=--.--.......--22- 220, 221, 222 dowi: 2.--:42, Sete 125 | atromaculatus -.--------. 222 dowii - 24.522 5-805 tess 2761 | thoreauia- herzberpii ---=-----=--- 124, 2760 | Bis (: Sey 223 Tnnisentis! 3222s eo 125 biguttatns. 22.2 -eeeeee 322 perkcerhe eects -e- 125, 2764 | bullaris. - =... - 24 spear 222 Selene-.----...------+----=--=------ 935 | cephalus ~~~ <2 2a-—ee—eae= 222 argentea ....--.----=-------- 936 corporalig < ~- 7222 --G- 221, 222 rps: [ie eee ee eee = een ae 935 diplemins:—--> -=-- a. 222 quadrangularis ---..-------- 1668 dorsalis 3225--24-= sees 222 SetdpiniS == ~~ aan 934 : hammondil)-.-..22- sss 222 WOVE oe ae eee 936 macrocephalus..-.--...-- 222 selene, Carpiodes..---..-....---...- 167 | notatas 25.2 2-oeeneee eee 659 iPprG eh Ramee Maes oe ie = 269 | Speciosus 5o-p.eeeeeeee 222 ACCES aces 2 a 269 | thoreauianus ..----.----. 223 Notropis hudsonius.--.-..--- 269 | senegalensis, Vomer-.-.------------ 934 selenops, Hiodon .....-.=----------- 414 | senilis, Gambusia .....-.--..---..-- 682 sellaris, Acanthocottus.......-.---- 1998 | Sennet .-: .- -..- 522-65 5-5ee 826 Porccovitis-2-.-~-2566---—- 1996 | Setiorita..- =. 2.2 sage eee 1592, 1601, 2352 Index. Page Gas 1a Pie MR EE Sears nee eae 71 septentrionalis, Gaidropsarus..-.-- 2559 | Motellazacese-.--': 2560 © Onoss=tescaos-22=- 2560 POLrCR =. ss ssiesses2= = 1133 Sebastes ----.-.---- 1761 septipinnis, Ammodytes ..-.-......-- 2842 Rhynchias..........-.- 2841 Septogunnellus gracilis .........--- 2436 | REEBNAPIONGA KL sicsnc-e tke octets 214 Hybognathus .........----- 214 PoE PAN MINH o> oosasasncddaoseesoe= 947, 948 WE Sop ar Saas ope bee 1561 STIPE Sa See et eee a aie aes 901 BUPYTOMEIAS|= == - 1181 zquidens.....-- A ee 1211 POR i Ue Ayers Sener 1189 albomaculatus......:....- 1197 angustifrons ......-...--. 1159 auNWavis. 73.2 sees eases 1214 OTT ES rs eee i ae 1158 OE Maser romacm sone oe 1159, 1175 PRBTIY SNES 2 Stel terete ee as ar aha 1165 ASPOTSUB.. 7.22522. cces- 1153 BLEAIIUS ate setae pes == 1200 SAULTSUE ES yore store wie Se a ate aah 1145 AUTIZA .--..-2000---------- 1221 Divivtatas,-=--.+.--2->-=.- 1205 PONS pone sancti cane 1175 brasiliensis... =... 2--t2.--.- 1221 DIEVOUMNENE=- c= eee ne oe oe 1175 Pallet. =: --~-- 1142 CONOR = 2e-- cose sec deeeoe 1139 COUTAOOW. 220 sess caa=-=5 =< 1152 Graolus---.-- sdeokec uae 1222 ceyclopomatus..-......---.- 1175 riers 1 ea > 1175 dimidiatis.--2---.-.'ss-0-2- 1i79 CTS io eee wie os 1146 emarginatus.....-..------ 1181 erythrogaster.....-----..- 1160 PMMCALUS' ....-sueeer eteas tose 1185 PANCICHIBFINS ohn aca. ~ os 1208 FONG yo eek aes 1187 fim Prats ob sosrs. soe 1154 flaviventris: . <<< 55.25-=- 1221 RAT gi) 12) eek See eS <5 eee 1222 3102 Serranus furvus. fasculus 2. : 622 seec—-n~s=< guasa.. guativere..--2--...------- Livetrtey PE pes seo geceee oes impetiginosus --...------- inermis interstitialis.<-..-=-----<- ITACIANA == eee ee ee itaiara. jacome labriformis) 32s. nis lamprards-5--8e eee ee late picid 2 2s4>se242-e—== luciopercanus .-.-.---.---- lunulatus.. 2.202 22= 45-00 - maculatofasciatus ---..--. maculatus! .-<0--.s=---.--- MACTIOSUS)c femmes sees oa MAaLrpearituer---.24-.--+--- marpinatus .-..-=--.------ mentzel Wiqeedtssoeet eimai Seale mystacinus...-..--------- NODWIfEr -seecee see MIPTOSCONG en see osc oa= nin nigricalus .---2----------- nigritus’........-.-------- NiVeatEs..- ------5--=----- ALE Se Aes Foes Dike ames Sets o eee olfax .- ongus . OURtAND oe cee eee panamensis......---.--.-. philadelphicus.....-.----- phoebe. pep bGhi ye ye ae me See coe prestigiator...--..--..... PSLttACINUS = 5925-20 seem quinquefasciatus .--.---.- radialis radians TOMOGUS «aes o Sheen ene TOPANGHS!- ~~ aoe ease en Tiy WAtUS sescc eee ee oe wee ewes eens es eee awe beos TOPOSITIS oc o4 e tae seciurus semifasciatus.....--.-.--. stadthouderi -.~---------. stilbostigma........-..-.- striatus eee Index. Page. 1200 1211 1181 1164 1154 1164 1145 1197 1153 1168 1179 1208 1164 1215 1155 1190 1175 1216 1159 1196 1153 1159 1156 1154 1154 1160 1151 | 1196 | 1200 1153 | 1161 1156 1283 1201 1183 1154 1146 1141 1202 1212 1153 1214 1213 1164 1205 1208 1160 | 1187 1187 1181 1174 1204 1197 1159 1217 1157 Page Serranus subligarius .........-.---- 1219 tabacarius ...2.-22.s2sse5 1215 teNIOPS +526 ~~<-.--2--- 2--2 16 ieqrig: Ve ene eeece gece eee 25 3103 Page. Sharks, REQuieml 27s :->-0-<- 2730 Typhlopsaras.....--..... 2731 shumardi, Alburnops .....-.-....-. 268 Boleosoma.........-...-- 1047 / Cottogaster -....-..-.-.. 1046 Hadropterus -.-......--- 1047 EMOREOMIR & = onside econ 1047 MANMNUS=222<=5555527 22. 268, 269 IN GLTOWR so 25 oe cs 3 268 shuswap, Agosia...............--.- 313 faleataien 2s 65.-- => 313 sialis, Argentina..-.-..-....-.---.-- 526 Nias: COPPOLA = 22 6fen to ew noe ao 1428 N@UBTNS - 2265. acne see aeons 146 sibbaldi, Syngnathus --....--.-.--- 774 SIDOMA = onee = ooo en a es a ae 228, 231 SEPSIS os 32 anos eee 233 QPsaaSIOANNS: - 542004255 ac5K- = 231 longiceps>2--<<2--5=55 25-25 233 | sicana, Cerna .---.----------------- 1162 siccifer, Holocentrus.............-- 849 3104 lndex. Page. sicciferum, Holocentrum..........- 850 sicculum, Chirostoma ............-. 806 sicculus, Labidesthes.--......-....-- 805 siculus, Lampugus...........-.---- 953 SCY A- 220205 Mi acranesescceseseeeee 2207, 2867 SO) ERE acpee aac op oroac pec 2329, 2330, 2336 CATNGUS):Eeeae Ccacee eee 2337 faBCIAtUS aes e wes eae ons ase 2338 punctnlatus): s.224 fos--e55 2338 rubiginosus. -<.2-s0<----%- 2337 TUPOswis)- 1443 Lanai a A 2166 MiCropS...---..------------ 1445 RM GHAOL to oe ooo cece ele 1457 ENR ee las 5 a ope 1442 Siig grat eee or eee 1843 DA GIDANIBE Ss 9 noon ta ae 1440 stearnsii, Seriola .-.....-.----.:-..- 903 MUU. 0 So snot S 1443 Steel-backed Chub .-.-.......-.......- 205 Tg 1 ee eee eee ae 1445 STEEN SHA te woe eae = Pama nls mana = 497 | stellifer, Bodianus --.-..-...-.....-- 1443 stegophthalmus, Agounus...--...---.- 2036 WOOO so os con ee 648 steindachneri, Chlorichthys ---.-..-- 1609 | Sasnas-o 5 sso 1444 Diabasis -........... 1302 | Stellifer...\.-2 00s. ee 1443 Meemulon ....-..5..- 1301 | stelliferoides, Bassogigas...-.....--- 2516 Ophioblennius .-..---. 2401 Neobythites ....-...- 2516 Rhinoptera.........- Mis ateluG 0b COLOR cveeacetanecesrcemna one 1153 Sebastes.-........-.- 1830 | Rhinobatus -.......-.-=-..-- 2750 Sebastodes ---...-.-.- ROBOT eielinistie URagas <6 25. See sh noone aoe 75 Thalassoma ...--.. 1609, 2859 | Stenobrachius--.--...-.....-...-..- 561 Steindachnerella ........--......... 2567 | SHAVED 2: nance. 0.2 569 Steimdachneria..-.-.........-...... 2567 | CREO oo se 569 argentea ......-...-. PROS eS nCNOG NS one cae se te eo ae eae 473 RIBIMIORONIAN =o oaonei-demacws-saciee- 960 | MACKEN «25-00---c0---~ 474 rubescens.............. 961 | Stenogobius ........-...-.....-..... 2210 PROMMeeeridw .<..-.-..<--.--2---.-2 SHOE SLOngtOms saan Spa eoncacaen eto san 1345 stejnegeri, Stelgistrum..-.......... 1921 acwlpaits |< = eee 1716 Bieliaia ye WaueRN en 2-45 2 ona nas eas 2652 | stephanophrys, Prionotus ..-....--. 2161 stellatus, Apegonichthys.-....-...-- EEG PS Eereglepis 5-8 an= a ae 1137 Caraga ts soon tao a 926 | californicus ..........-- 1138 Log yee ee ewer ee 492 | est EE eS 1137 Waparigve ss. -accssen ese ae PRESS | IBGE LIES on oretterta one relate ae eae 103 Index. 3112 Page. sterletus, Averruncus..........---- 2071 Ceratichthys.......--..-- 316 SiSriidd faeces sere eee eae eae 1926 xenostethus.....-...------ 1927 Sternoptychide® .........--.+------- 603 Sterno ply S--5- ccc sc- seat sence emma 603 diaphana........-----. 603, 2826 Varden) eocccem anes 966 Miyerh hlseree iceceeoce 603 mediterraneus ..-..-.-- 604 olfersisc 2262422 ss ena 604 Sternopygus humboldti ....--...--- 341 Stermotremia--=--2-<--- 2.2. --c0e=- 786 ISOlOPINE = =e eee ene 787 stevensi, Thaleichthys ...-------.-- 521 Shieh eee sess ssee econo sae 2349 Stichsus s-222 2-225 esse euss eee 2439 ACHIGAtHS samen =P eer 243 anguillaris .....-:-----..- 2436 enneagrammus ...--.-.--- 2441 hexagrammus ..----..--.- 2441 islandicus --coss-eeeeee ee. 2439 (NM pPeuUssesse ane anes e 2438 MAC OIAIS eas 2s eee ee 2433 MOGIUS So 25520 crea sae sae 2436 NUMDUGS casei se aac Se 2438 punctatus ---n-s0---- == 2439 unimaculatus ....-------- 2441 Stickleback, Alaska ---::-.--..---.. 749 IBTOO Ke saa at ete eine 744 Galiformig <2 cere oe eee 751 Common Eastern..-.--- 748 TOPO os amr oar sree 747 Ning-spined 22-42 2es=-2 745 Two-spined: 522 co25.-- 748 Sticklebacks)o-.sce-s oe emer eee nen 742, 746 StipmMa, G YMneliss son. a6 ene= seas 2477 stigma, Ulocentra ..-.......------- 1047 stigmzum, Boleosoma....---.------ 1048 Etheostoma ...---..---- 1048 stigmeus, Citharichthys ..-....--.- 2681 stigmatias, Paralichthys ........--- 2636 stigmaticus, Ceratichthys.....----- 323 Gobionellus ..-.--.-...- 2224 Gobins): 2240. eo2= eee 2224 SISMODS. -..-24-——5e—= 583 Smaragdus).5-3---+--s~ 2224 stigmatisticum, Lepophidium .... 2483, 2484 Stigmatogobius .......-.-.--.-.---- 2210 stigmatura, Bollmannia ....-....--- 2239 Cholasccsco-c2 eae ao 275 Codoma-s-fsseesn2 <5 275 stigmaturus, Gobins ......------..- 2220 INOtTODINe :2s4202-4202<2¢ 1677 STI he Be eee eoee 588 | Epinephelus............- 1157, 1208 HOROXS eee eee S 588 | Holocentrus ---:2--...-2:-- 849 GIN = eee cee pee sebene 586 Hypsoblennius ......-.-- 2388, 2392 stomias, Atherestes .:.-..-.---.---. 2609 WReRTHOR).- oe er 2388 Bathytroctes.........----- 454 TADVOS soe -= = =o ea eee 1200 SPEAR MISTER 26552 «2 < or 2794 WDOOUS Soa hes od oosen cans oe 1133 MESO Ks aeons, sci sae os sas e- eee 585 a0 re tooo ee eee ae 481 Platysomatichthys ..-..--- 2610 Barohorodns . 00> se oe 1677 Salmo clarkii ...--.-..----. 2819 | Serrenuse.o.- 2 eee 1157 My EAGS= 22 ee === 497 | stricticassis, Arius..............-.- 126 Wrisoieopid 22=<-= 1289 pelagicns...-~5-.2sese2 synagris, Lutjanus ..........-...-:: 1271 picturatus:---2; Jee Neomponis 2. - 232 ---5en 1270 TOUSHG2U) ~-22 -sseenee ee SPSTUs 23-02 5oeeon eee 1271 segaliensis ...--.--.-.-- Synaphobranchide...-....-.....--- 350 sibbaldi,-..-22 see Synaphobranchus ..-....--..-------- 351 tenuis... 252 5-2eeeee affinis <<. <35 456 351 Viridescens...-- 55 -ee bathybius .-...-- 352 | Synodontid® ....--..----2--s-sesees infernalis........ 352 | Synodus:....<..--.2s2-,.e-eeeeee kagpii->-25--.< 351 argenteus ..--.---........ pinnatus.---:.--- 351 evermanni ...-.~-2..--.555 SyRApLerebMNA). 22 -< ss-seesaaso-aee 545 fasciatos: 5... steedesees Synauceia cerous.......--2-:<---- 1941 (0S DBRS oa ae en ee eee Synbranchus fuliginosus.....-.-..-. 342 intermeilius = 253:252425—— transversalis .-..--.. 342 jonkinsi =... 2: 42--ee ee Syrehiriniw 353526) sesbeedaee ee 1883 lacertascsss22asa4- eas Synchirns\-2-25 20005-24505 se-eee=e 2023 lacertinus.-<-32-<<<2225e Millis Hoos 2 os Senas so 2024 lncioceps: ..-2.20s2 tees Syuecoplanis2-2- 56-2 5---seenane aoe 133 MYOPS ---.------------+---- beadléi 2225.2227.27-. 135 Poeyl 25-- 22.64. ee aoa Synentognathi --.-.--.:---...--..-.- 707 Saurus ...----------------- Synentognathous Fishes ..-.--.---- 707 scituliceps......--------- Sortie one ee 760 | spixianus---...-------...- Sylenashid. 2c 2cess see een 760 | SyDOLUS) -<-— eee Sypenathinw sso. en ee oe eee ee 760 | Synodus, Esox ............--..----- Syngnathus --..-.2.----.---.------. 761, 774 SAUTUS |= ---—- 5 eae ae eee apa oc aie See 764 Synodus...-.--------++--- gequoreus...---..-.--- 74,2839 Sypterus ..----------+----+-++------ MIR. oo soe tee 769 | Syrrhina .--.-...-.--.-----+---- sees albirostria. -.- 52+ se 772 exasperata -.------------- arundinaceus.-......... 765 syrtensium, Argentina...-......... ascendens -.....--....- 768 bairdianus ..-..-....-- 770 | tabacaria, Fistularia ..-............ brachycephalus ..-.-.-.- 769 Haliperes J-s32ssseeeeee brevirostris .-...-.--.- 765 tabacarius, Centropristes..-.-..-..-- californiensis.....----- 764 Prionodes'-.2.-22-ss9ee cayennensis .......-..- 773 Serranus = .25s52.22. een CGE AVG ue eocn see acer 771 | tachete, Le Diodon........-.....2.. dimidiatus.......---.-- 765 | Tachisurus albicans -..-... sae seen 757, 758 1215 1215 1215 1215 1746 124 Tachysurine Tachysurus teniatum, Hemulon teniatus, Anisotremus flavescens furthii gulosus jordani kessleri longicephalus luniscutis mesops nuchalis proops rugispinis phrygiatus - seemani spixii surinamensis temminckianus variolosus 119, 121, herzbergii lentiginosus liropus melanopus multiradiatus nuchalis passany peruvianus spixii variolosus tenia, Bassozetus .-...-...........- Bathyonus Blennius pa Walras Sor. = ot. ese ace se Chirocentrodon Evoxymetopon Index. SLL Page. Page. 122 | teniotus, Tetragonopterus-........ 334 I2o;| el eniophisy="2&-5s252= 0 5066. oe ae 392 127 | WOStpNRH:. css. - 522555. 396 131 | teniops Bodianus..:......-........ 1144 123 Enneacentrus..-.-......-- 1144 132 Epinephelus .............. 1144 126 NOMANUB 25 265 Seats o ctw e 1144 teniopterus, Balistes........ iene === = 1702 126 Cothas:..: 232254: 1979, 1988 133 Periasias 2a: 2 25.52% 2667 129 | Platophrys-22c-- 22: --- 2668 127 | Pseudoscarus ......... 1646 130 | Sepris..-steguen oe: 1646 Oar @ ReeniOsOMy ee pebe eee Setar eae 782 123) MeOnOlOCA c= -ctee ob n-oo eee eee: 1505 131 | lateralis .=.s2--22+22 8 1505, 1506 1972|~Laboe Chup-.2-25-2.c vec atc eee. 2798 127 Lake Trout...............-2 493, 2870 124 Sucker 2...--4.6¢ .4eeee 177 130 | tahoensis, Catostomus.............. 177 131 Salmo clarkii 3: - 5:5: =. 2870 129 | taiasica, Awaous ..-...2...........- 2236 132 Chonophorus.............. 2237 130 ORMIG..22>2 bate oo. 22s 22 2236 (oe ea 22. pete cesses nobis ee 921 19"), ballor Herring. 5... .2f-<.-<>scedee 425 T15/ 2757") Seas, SQUALS 2.5.5... ooo ceca d= 975, 976 131 A78o4 WV eGAMANIS ci soe. oeee be ans eaten 455 2785 SEQUALOLIS. <5. 3.0>a70cees 456 122 | antillarum ............. 455 TS OTe il Ratly-wae. i. oc% enn arte stances 1199 TSR. S7 G7" 7REMIMOL ows 0's cose ae wae 7s aes 1732, 1734, 1805 TT AEE en Seer A ey eerie TT | 1691 122 | BMG. ac shceees ato ees oe 1691 2784 Oegan co. ian o>. See es ecco 1693 199 O71 | tangy Muri) so. se oe eee 812 192° 0788| “Rane DrOsMe)) coo Secocss see cee 2438 2782 | tanneri, Hyperchoristus.-.-......... 589 18] | tapdisma, Salmo. ...-..---2-.:-..... 483 124 | tapeinosoma, Auxis --.-............ 868 109s). “RAPACIES 2.255. as ee cee beet eae 957 131, 2783 BANGAEC Se sana wees = oe oeee 957 132, 2788 | Tarandichthys ........-.--.......-. 1891 2416 eavilrons 2252. 5_ 22: 1891 2416 filamentosus........ 1892 1831 | tarascorum, Algansea ............-. 2796 Sit. |“harentola, chases) =e Sees Ss 537 9510;| Larletonbeania-: ..3-225.--5.05..222 575 2418 crenularis ......--.- 575 238 PONUN F.-252Soscic00 6s 575 PALS PARDON 5. 2 cera niteae tote anes a= 409 238 | atlantions )2. 202-22 2c. 409 BSUS s RAP RONG S32 sc a2 ote ane ae eee oe = 408 S322} Pap uMn sosocs-2 See ee Pease oe 409 ASS. Raben: Dent S232 scnsc2cab 1579 fiséd= 2 tees s- 1579 TUDES). 2-- eases. 1579 | Lautogolabrus)2: (j2222<0sessees <\- 1576 adSpersgus:--5-~-<<.¢ 1577 PATUOPSS occ5 a2 gnu e sa aes amine se 1577, 1578 taylor, Chilara_-os. essss44eeenceee 2489 Ophidium 7. =..2sc5-cscen5-2 2489 Mchsviche \2--52 se cee dene anaes 479 LecktosponGylis.< J...-sc.s,eeeeteeaee= 53, 58 Teipaleate: 2225 s<2-s2ceeee sect ne se 2698 ‘Toeleostel.:-<2- < is occ akduseoneeee 113 Teleostomi.: J. 22.02-e2s teseeeanesee 97, 1241 Delescops. <.-423=-4Ss2nsasmade anes 1111 telescopus, Leuciscus.......--..--- 292 Minnilus:.2hesee = 123 Ditremia ss js22 sees 1510, 1511 temminkii, Acanthoderma.......... 880 Roveitis 2262 sce eee 880 Pemnisthia -=-7scs-- -ssmosceas eases 1934 Ventricbsa=.<.255----26- 1936 Temnodon 3-4 s3esentee at ewe ee ee 946 saltabor-.-o0!eemeee eee 420 Catostomus..0\-ccvtesseeoeee 179 Coecula 2ac.2030. 3 2 ae eee 379 Cyprinus! ::. <2. -22see—neeeeee 179 Etromeus ......- -scsccsaven fe 420 Sphagebranchus....-..-.---- 379 Teretulus - -...4.c024q~eeeee ae ee 187 Cervils ..c.deseceeseees 197 teretulus, Phenacobius-.-......---. 303 liosternus. - 303 tergisus, Hiodon .-...-..-.5.6-----.- 413 terrze-nove, Carcharias ............ 43 Lycodes -222caneene=aes 2466 Scoliodon=-2f2sseece- a 43 Squalus (Carcharias) .. 43 | tessellata, Plagusia.......-..--.---- 2709 Tautofa- > oo aa-eeeeeeeee 1579 Tessellated, Darter 2.25.5. =c22--6= - 1057 tessellatum, Boleosoma........--. 1046, 1057 Etheostoma ........... 1078 tessellatus, Hadropterus .....-..--- 1070 Labras:.=-= 22 -eeeeseeee 1578 Nothonotus .......-..... 1078 Testar:.. <<<. s-ccp-s2ees n= ee eee 2332 testar, Lepadogaster .....-..-..--.- 2332 testudineus, Spheroides annulatus- 1736 Spheroides ............ 1734 Tetraodon..-=-.>.se——" 1735 Tetrodon.4-cacccasssee 1735 Tétard!...<00--2 2 sah eos == 1728 FOFMOSUS): =2=\-0+<2-505-2=- 1737 pie 320 es Se ae 1737 geometricus.-..---.-.--- 1735, 1736 hersldis..-sen seneceeeenee 1736 Tetrodon hispidus.........-..--..--- ASS VAC ADH Sis nao wee 0 ... Saese =.= ea pee 422 Otolithas 22.2255...<2- 1408 | :thrissa Clupea —_....---.24--sseeeeee 432 Ptychostomus..-...... 192 | thrissina,.Clupéa:-..-..-s2ssecsseee 431 iuntilus cece oe sewaes on 245 | Sardinellay. <2 -25 Lc .eeeees 430 halassoma,.2.<2. de s-2pesees-ee 868 Cothus:. 2252 ote 1994 secundo-dorsalis.-.--..-.. 870 thoreauianus, Semotilus....-......- 223 | thunnig ‘23... 2.252a5eecnee 869 atromacu- VUUZATIS |< << 5 cneese see 870 latus .--. 223 | thynnus, Albacora .......---...--0. 870 (Ehreading)c2s.ce-2s oer eae =e 827 Orcynus)--. =. qeese eee eee 870 ‘ThreadAshés -5243.22s0sa260- taser 931 | Scomber......2-=--ee seers 870 Thread Herring. =<. 02sec2qeases-see 432 Thangs 6... = -s-seseeeee 870 Three-angled Trunk-fishes ......... 1721") Thyrina. ..----.-<.--2 eee 804 Whrephercu.t sn. od-Use weave ase ans 45 eVermanni: ..5-..---- 5s eee 804 Sharks :to35 -i sac =2-5-- 45) ‘Dhyris :-.: 5.:-s2e.+se=pest eee eee 2690 Index. 3121 : Page Page hyris pellucida, <5... sss 5s -nchatc 2691p elesia onacilis\. ses. caeeae assent s 2538 Thyrsites acanthoderma ...--.....- 880 | tilesii, Hemilepidotus .-..........-. 1936 MIP OR oo. ee teas atse Ee 879 | timpanogensis, Hybopsis .......-.. 233 preiiosus\ = sc ssse ~2: 880 MS Se setae raieere 233 scholanis.5-ca--eces<= es BSO gan C Wiss = a shou oe eda eke Os 711, 715 BE ARSUL I EE = esa = nm mie eles Siete = ma SUT ieimucn, Belone) 2 —2=.e soc} cals 715 thyrsitoides, Lemnisoma..-...-:---- 884 SORE ota cee ace 711 Thyrsitops violaceus.........--.-.- 879 | tinea, Serranus -........--..--...-.. 1181 Thyrsoidea aterrima.-......-.--..- 396 | tincella, Algansea .......-- soe a 211, 2796 Concolores sess eee 396 Meucis@us= -8-seee. aces. 211 GORMGTA S22. season e 394 eteusern ss acess ese cncss 211 maculipinnis .......... 394, | Linker Mackerel’. 2-2. ..-s22s.0s-=- 866 marginata .--.2...-:--< Sat NORD eee kn tne te eee CPae SS. 924 MUAniseys. Au. cee Stes 398 | tippecanoe, Etheostoma............ 1090 UOT SETS SS a ee ae he 305 | Tippecanoe’Sisco ....-..:.-...2.-. 469 Mobilise. <<2o.ces se olo es ee BODr | MLIMATGOS: ce bocem neste tec omee sk eats 885 PAN MLOV RODICEPAN. sos ck eee nia AAS RRM) whe os ots amie ce mitee eee on 5 3 587 SDNVeUe Ho neseeeassc-ie in. UNDA N 8 bhai eee awesome SECs po nare ree eenaae 533 Squalus taceten-c erase sc < - 36, 44 | MATMOLAUS! one se 537 PRG OCT Dee oe ae aoe cic ie AX se ORE SS WEL = scimcs cheno see eons 1732, 1783 MIUEUOM Se oe ae se Se oe icc cea che 39))|toadfish -.-.0-- ce. 1733, 1748, 2313, 2315 TO CINEO IS Sen ages ae eee eee 659 | Toad-fishes, Poison ...--..-........ 2323 TU Srey |S) 0250 a ne 32: pe hOD BGC BOX wee. nate oae en Sane 68 TUT ee ee es ae Q0BT 990! DI) |NOBEOG | nopeka, .NObIDpIs:. -s«.2- 2 oss 266 SONUANN Nace. aiactia se =e » 1214 | ROPESnq a= aga tas ee eae ee 31 tigris, Antennarius ..-........-.... Dy Poth i) Cee ee ee 920, 1724 Car Charis isn. oks an. ceces 49 | torpedinus, Trygonobatus..--...... 81 (hirgnectes =. 2----.22--. 2 2723 Wrolophuss: -2oec..22g2222e6 904 torsk, Blennius:. 5-3-2522. see - 2 = 944 glaucoides .......-.... 941 carolimuat.2 222-5 -cre-2 944 glaudcugl css. eee 941 cayennensis...-....-.- 945 GOTCENSIS!=-2-22ee eee 943 CUlVGNIne ane e-- pose eees 942 | NasUutus....252c=-sseer _ eee GUPIeUs 22. 944 | OvattB s-2 cone eco 942 falcatus..----c==rem- 941, 2847 | pampanus ..-.-..-..-. 944 TOSCUs .2~ <2 --aec5~>5 Se 942 | rhomboides -.....---.- 942 Pisuens!.. 5-5 -cee- 940 trachypoma, Myripristis..........- 846 POO0er = -- 25 oka 943.) “‘Trachypterus) 2-22 - 4-5 eee 2870 Kemnedyisse. acoso eae 942 trachyurus ........-. 2601 paloma. -—--=-6 a2 seer 945, 2848 | Trachyrhamphus -..--..----.-.-.- 761, 2568 Phodopus) s.2.5-65 so. e= 941, 943. | ‘Trachyrinchinw._-=-2-2-- eens 2562 rhomboides -...-...-.. 2847 | Trachyrincus ---222seoe—-- ee eee 2568 SpliOsus --<5-2+22-4.-- 942 — Helolepis? 3s eo. 2568 Trachinus adsencionis -.--.......-- 1153. trachyurus, Trachypterus........-. 2601 CUThoOsuy<2-2. See 2019 | tractus, Acanthurus: 2-222 eesseee 1693 gasteropelecus .-.--..-.. 2297 Teuthis:.2 0s cne-se nee 1693 ORDEOR Se ee osc eae 1153°| Trahiras . 22-5. 232s sneecee eae 330 punetatus.22225-05-.5.002 1153 tranquebar, Aspidophoroides ...... 2092 triGhodGn, 2-cts2-cseee cee 2296 | transmontana, Columbia..-.......-.- 784 trachinus, Malacanthus ..-......... 2276 transmontanus, Acipenser .....-... 4 104 Salmo 2252 2s see se econ 533 | Rhinichthys ......- 307 Trachisurus parkeri -.---.--_...-=- 126 | transversalis, Synbranchus .-...--- 342 ‘TrachoOnuurus.<<-cs7ss 254s se ee 2591 | transversum, Peecilosoma.....-..... 1089 Sulcatus...2ci55c2252 2591 | traski, Hysterocarpus.---.-.-.-...- 1496 trachura, Haia..-3 22.2055. ewoeees 76 | treculii, Dioplites nuecensis........ 1012 Hage <-- 2a 2 eee 75 | Treofish ..<..:..2-c:s0ese ane 1827 Prachurops)< 22-5. <22-- nar eeeeeres 911 | Trematopsis =..-.222- 2.2 snces =e 1753 brachychirus ...---.-... 911 | willugbei <.---soeeaues 1754 crumenophthalmus. - -. 911 | Triacanthids ......-. 222. sesame 1697 plumieri.22---+<. ee. 912 | Triacanthodin®.............s5..50. 1697 ee ae eee ee Lndex. 3123 triacanthus, Argyriosus Triacis henlei triagramma, Heros triangularis, Ostracion tuberculus . Pachynathus triangulum, Lutjanus Tribe, Flounder PS at arian 2171, 2172 approximans entra G 6 ee trichocephalus, Sphiroides ........ BPRMGHAGYVONIBss 2. <- cae eens Trichoderma Trichodiodon 1743, 1744 1743, 1744 trichopterus, Pteraclis trichroistia, Cliola trichroistius, Notropis tricocephalus, Spheroides Page. 936 900 2849 967 968 2084 31) 1529 31 31 1723 1705 1454 2607 2605 | 2608 2172 828 829 830 830 831 830 8388 | 889 889 887 887 887 889, 2844 1738 1738 1744 1714 2295 2297 2297 2297 2295 2297 816 2296 2295 2295 409 2669 2669 956 276 | 276 275 1737 Page, tricolor, Chztodon ...-.-.--.-...... 1684 in eranlisynac see co-4-2552 443 Genicanthus\---.-=-2-%2 2%: 1684 Holacanthus..- 2.220... 1684 Pomacanthus -............. 1684 ‘ingmallupys asec 22578 519 signifer:-.-...--. 519 sEricoptorus .<-s20 or siassetck ae 915, 917, 920 tricornis, Lactophrys .--.--.-- Pees 1724 Oastmacion, -- -sase2 2-205 6 1725 tricuspidatus, Hyporhamphus ..... 720 tricuapis, Cottus-.. 2205524222522. << 2009 ‘Gymnocanthus ........-- 2008 Phobetor. .<15.2.t-500.2~ 2009 tridecemlineatus, Esox..-.......... 628 tridens, Acropecilia -.............. 690 Archosarous<-- otto ace 1360 Centropristis!?2-.2.2-25026" 1202 TA np ht: eee Bee ete eg 1202 Peecilia (Acropeecilia)...-.. 690 DATES toe tacit Sere oe 1361 tridentata, Lampetra............... 12 tridentatus, Ammocetes -.......... 12 Entosphenus .......... 12 Ichthyomyzon ........-. 12 Petromyzon .....--...-. 12 tridentiger, Gambusia.............. 2833 tridigitatus, Dactyloscopus .-...... 2301 Polynemus............ 2177 Prifarciusies 22s scschssecc thee eines 670 felictaN NS $55 bos ece eas Se « 676 TIVEFONOLsese sou seeeee 4S 673 trifasciata, Hydrargyra..........-. 639 eponlisssec.o--cecdeas- 1011 trifurca, Centropristes ............- 1202 PONGRies oop eesesee eee 1202 irifarens, Anthias ::.052. 00 c5e..~-- 1202 Centropristis ...........- 1202 Serranusg:4 2235-4 e223.- 1201, 1202 trigammus, Chirus -.-...........--. 1872 ripgrer, Wishes s.0cedsseo eae. ae 1698, 1699 lag! Eee ree eee ee ee 2176, 2867 CaYTGUNA: 6. oe sasesees pee = 2156, 2172 CUCMIUS,.: S06 Fuss bao coke 2177 digitis vicensis palmatis. --. 2183 SVOlanig rot afl eee 5 ae 2169 fantiatae - a2 /sdeseee lo a5t 2183 lineata, 2-2 75525-22522 n25-- 2167 PRIM IpBA Sadan se oe e aoa 2156 Pletipinnis 2-4 25..5=.252...'-- 2176 PMS 224255 oe ee ope ee 2177 SCOR ane eee nae 2170 SLEIPRiy as eae eta ae 2167 teniabunga <5 es csemee esas 2183 tote rubens.-..2...522--4-<- 2177 ribs. so -saee nae eee 2172 3124 Index. Peigla volitans *<22----- sas-aasee ae 2183 bated (Ub pees ol Sere ara ae 2147 Bi Plochigis oo. oe ae Sade aaa 46 Lbnabol Cy el \eese es as AE renee Ress 1923 bpani ssc sae se ee 1924 DPingelize ss o.seo eee ase 1923 pleurostictus,...--..--.--- 1923 SCOpPlicns soso eee tee 1925 xenostethus......:.-.-...-- 1927 Ti glopsise25.c-2220-o=5ee- see eee 2005 Stimpson. 222-2 2-e24- 2005 THOMPROn So. aes ae 2005 xi gonebatus ---seo- sees --en eee 82 trigonum, Ostracium .......-.------ 1724 trigonus, Lactophrys -...-------- 1723, 1724 Ostracinm= cs. so..es—=e== 1724 trilineatum, Pristipoma....-...----- 1320 trilineatus, Anisotremus -..-----.--- 1320 trlohatus,; Scaras: =). .eonee- soe 1654 Trilobarus ...5-22 sss—ce=s om 1198, 1199, 1201 imilobus, Blépsias.<=-0--2.5-e—-ees 2019 Lutjanus «.s..esessece wae 1200 trimaculatus, Heros...-.-..---------- 1529 Trinectes~ == 7...3- Se eosin oS ake 2693 ROA DI ALES laee nee acean = 2701 triostegus, Acanthurus.....--..---. 1691 Cheetodon-'. ..2 22.2 = 22- 1691 ReWUnIS= asses eee we eee 1690 tripes, Nealotus-----2.---52-2--.-=- 881 SED PlO=pai lao seta te ae ee 1235 PripieTOnOUls --s.s——5--54-2=eeeR n= 461 Tripterygium carminale .....--.-.-- 2350 tripterygius, Cottus..........-.---- 2023 tripunctulatus, Maurolicus ---..-.. 578 Valenciennellus .--. 578 triqueter, Lactophrys--..-...--..--- 1722 Osiracione: a2 se es- eee eet 1723 triserialis, Muranopsis-.---.---.---- 384 Ophichthis=-—-s-asse-e=- 384 Ophichthys......--..-... 384 triseriata, Platyrhina- =. .-2-14e=4 66 triseriatus, Platyrhinoidis ......-.-. 65, 66 Rhinobatus ...-....-... 66 trisignatum, Moxostoma -...--..---- 179 Trisotropis:£h 4 2=po- seem ee 1169, 1172 Cec EWE res eS 1175 DOnSaCL 242. cepa seeeee 1175 DEGUREUS (x occc- see "> ATS calliticns => eesseseee 1186 camelopardalis ----...-. 1187 CATGINANIS(=22...ccqe—eeres 1174 chlorostomus....-.----- 1179 imate s- os -eease ae 1179 TAIGALUG =e Sokclaehicie ier 1185 interstitialis ........... 1179 Microlepis. 5. s.1.c0-m.- 1178 Trisotropis petrosus -.--..--. arias 1172 reticulatus: cece saaceeee 1187 TOSACEUS (3.252452 50> E= 1184 stomias.s eae 481, 495 SED 6 ee ee 1407 | tuberculata; Dasibatis---......-....- 84 STNG 2h Ser ee er eee 493 Hoi 7-5- 50. 4¢ Ste aeto ee 84 RDCGHIEN te stone dacahe- a otd aes 506 Pry gonss ssh .e5 e282 s- 84 of Lake Crescent -- 2821 tuberculatus, Catostomus .-.-....-. 186 BUSHANEO ss a2seesee7 =< =a - 511 Spheroides ....-.-.-.. 1733 PERUCBOD res 2525 titoe denn o's 493 tuberculé, Le Sphéroide.........--. 1733 WW WAKO s 5s52655 see cece ce 496 | tuberculée, Raie..-.....--..-...--- 84 PIGUOW-HI-< sa0<.2o—2 sess! 4936 | tudes, Gobiesox ....+.-----.-------- 2333 MOHOWALONG 02. 55---se3------ 493 Sale :2252sses2ases25sesee~3 508 Pre ClCH <.-2---—- s.0<->----5-~- 782, 784 Sphyrnae-s25::tssesccuetsc<- 44 trowbridgii, Abeona ...........-..- 1497 ZY CONG 2s scPssse2 shes cee. 44 Holconotus -.-....--.-- 1397" tuditanaCliold: 2225 s6cse2cSsnceces 253 Homalopomus .....--. 2531 tuditanis, Hybopsis .......-.....--- 253 SMA ee nese oaate de. nea sa 819 tuditanus, Hypargurus ......--.... 253 Pimitekce Trout =. <-.---2.:...--.--0- 493 Leuciseus. .22222.255- 222 253 truculentus, Chorophthalmus -....- eal Oe a 1 Lh: rn oe ae ge ee rE eed 473 PUI HOMIGIS core tee= o/c ossss<05--=--- 346 tullibee, Argyrosomus .......------ 473 MNOS esos voces eradawsusoonn 97 bisselli -.... 473 RANAINOSs 260s eonsassecsnn oe 422 Coregonus ..~-- s oeee on 2608 LT CE ee 483, 486,487 turchesius, Pseudoscarus ----.---.---. 1659 PUPLEA ALN eames cc wc e ccaseces 487 | Scaris 222: 25.666205--2. 1658 (ist) Cee eee 483 | Turdus cauda convexa.....-...---- 1145 Mrycherodon’-<--5 22. .5.5-s06s55s-- 247 cinereus peltatus .......--- 1373 megalops ....--------- 249 AawOs 222222 thee com oes 2 1583 ON ED beep SSS Se ae See 82 oculo. radiato.2..25-52--2- 1591, 1703 MYMUNNTA <2 sso Sasew ss se 84 | pinnis branchialibus ---.-- 1257 hastatiesss4s222s2se~-= =e = a4 rhomboilalis) 4 - 22s222.-2: 1691 osteostiGta...3:25-5-222-55¢ 84 | turgidus, Tetrodon..-.........-..--- 1733 SITE Ere per oer ere rene 85 | nephelus...-.-- 1733 3126 Index. Page. § Page. turneri,Lycodalepis --.-------.-..: 2469 | tyrannus, Clupea.-..........-.----- 434 Diy GORGS it ae cn see ee mere 7469) | “Tyrant Wish. - 222-2 -ceeu enaoe=eeeeee 886 tuscumbia, Etheostoma .--.-....-..-. 1100 | Psychromaster------.-- 1100 | Ugly Wish: =. 2) -- 25252. ceoeee ae Bac 137 Two-spined Stickelback.-.-.......--. 748 | uhleri, Citharichthys-.-.-.........-. 2684 ‘Dye Salmon sos sete nosey cee eae 479 | Ulema <2... Saco 2c ssceses eae eee 1371 fle Ee See che Ree ots 708 lefroyis. 2... ivccesca see 1371 BOUS tases eaten aoe tee 716 |, Olea. .--s22-.03 oo eee 2021 almpida: 2 i323 cocsseeae 715 marmorata.. 2-5... «sssee-e sees ces 712 Kiphistes). 2-5-5 ses eaeeeee 2423 : notatus:...-i<0 225-825: ae 710; 711.) Olvaria:..22. 2a. ce eee See 2440 Paciviens)- 222) .---sseeae= 716 subbifurcata............... 2440 raphidoma ...--- cose (15 |. Ulvicola.<2- 6. 25.-5aesee ee -- 2413, 2869 SaPitide----—cosacn neem me 711 Sanct#-rOS#--..-........-.. 2413 scapularis! 2- 2s=.s0-se63 711 | umatilla, Agosia.......-..........-- 313 SIGECIES eee eee eee ee 713.) Umblar2 -2-2 2535) ceases ee 506 stolzmanni...-...---.-.- 713 minor Marina <--.-ssascee—ee 823 subtruncatus -........-- 711 | umbla, Salmoz2....-<.ceseoeeseeeeee 509 HMUGW Sood -5 sees 711 | Umbra... 222522235 23seenee see 623, 2807 Tympanominm 5--.2-Jess-te> 1271 undulata, Murzenophis ---.------.-- 403 unionensis Centropomus ..-.--.-.--. 1122 LEG CONES aA ee Se eee 1462 univittatus, Apodichthys..--...... 2412 Umbrina. -..------.---- ART AAO NUNMNCUS ease cee siete ae eae eters om 857, 2843 undulatus, Menticirrhus.-.......-.- 1476 Walteatus; + o02 cccee dese 2. 860 Micropogon ....-..-..-- 1461 Genii so eae a= eee == 859 UR ie nt DOE eae ene amare 1724 flavovittatus -..-.-..----- 860 Rhinobatus...-.....----- 63 grandisquamis .......----. 860 SOO EN ee eee mae 867 maculatus ....-........... 858 Und ulosus; SeEranUs.. 2. ----2------ 1181) THOT UHIGHA fo cess seen o =e 859 unerarak, Ophidium.........-.....- 2477 PABVUS Sse eee on oeeoees 859 Unibranchapertura ........----.--- ~ 342 | punotatus /22.2-25.--sss52 859 PTISCD es - = sans 342 beeps) eee ee een 857 immaculata -.--. 342 tetraspilus .........-..... 860 lineata... ..--- = 342 xanthogrammus ...--...-... 260 marmorata - --- 342 | Upselonphorus......----..-.------- 2306 unicolor, Ammocetes ..--.........- 10 guttatus .......... 2310 Index. Page Urolophus jamaicensis .........--.- 81 mundus-..:..cti-ceteee 81 nebulosns.-.2-.22ce aceee 80, 2752 TOLLS: =~ eee ee 752, 2753 torpedizins -=-- 42eeeeaee 81 umbrifer..-.2.--saereeee 2752 |. Uronectes paril .=..--42cco-e eee 2478 urophthalmus, Heros.--......-.--..-. 1537 Urophycis-2 -. 02-22. 2-ceaeee een 2552 chesterl. <2sss-e-nae eee 2556 CHUBB <2 5\)-e oe eee 2555 cirratis...-2---aesh eee 2553 earlli .... 23 22a 2554 floridanus .-- 2.25 3o.2s05 2554 TOPS 2255 o ase aee eee 2553 tenuis:.. pesos see 2555 Uropsetta . 22. i222. Jane ences 2624 californica:...:-s=-shace 2626 Uro ptery gins). .22n-.covce eee eeeeeree 403 NCCtuIts-—-- see ewes 404 | urosti gma, Cliola .--.222:taseeeeeee 275 | Urotrygon: -.-5.5s25- s.+-se-25 eee 80 Mundus *. 5/3 seae se ee 81 Uroxis 2.2526 2652: as seasons eee ene 82 | ursinus, Salmo 22-22. -ssece esse 505 urus, Bubalichthys:..c222-2sccee eee 164 Carpiodes s-2~-sus4-5-2seeeeee 164 Ictiobus: 2:2. 22t6-4-6eeceeeeee 164 Sclerognathus..... 5.52 .<---- 165 ustus, Callyodon ........--- eee 1624 Cryptotomus:....---te>-eeees 1624 Utah Lake Chub.....-.-.---- 2.22. 232 Mulleti.:22 22 22-heneeee 179 Trouticssscctsseeee see 495 utah; Salmo’..-. 225222 s.sesseuseeses 495 | utawana, Catostomus ...-.-......-- 179 | uter, ‘Catulusis: 2222. 5522 eee 25 | Utwo'Akcat. 25 2 saccanieten setae 1833 ViaCa:.s- 23 eee seta eee eae eleee 1190 VaCAS san = wecnee oes sae eee 1189 vacea, Capriodes 4 o-tec es eee 168 Damalichthys:.<.- o2-oscseee 1510 Ditrema 7s. - -.--owasosewemes 1510 WacCt0Cua >. .cc0cs-=s- =a see eee 1427 vafer, Myrophis. 2: <2 <-0--essceaese 372 vagrans, Chirostoma ..............- 795 Kirtlandiacs-<....2+ee-eee 794 laciniata....... 2840 Menidia .-<.-5-cesseoseeee 795 ne laciniata....-..--. 795 vahblii, Lycodes-..:: <2 sansa 2463 Vaillantia ! 2 5: Jcicsecce Sees 1054, 1060 CAMUTA «.2s..c'cns cease eee 1060 chlorosoma...2..-.22s5em 1060 valenciennei, Smaragdus-....--..--- 2228 Valenciennellus --:-..2--2.ceeee seer 577 3128 Page. Upselonphorus y-grecum -.---....- 2308 uracantha, Loricaria ..-.---.------- 158 UMmeleppls't22.css-e-s--=2e--- eee os 2545 maraldis=2 4-2 soca see oes 2545 iUranchthys\- 252+ asec ann asap. 381 brachycephalus...-.... 382 havannensis...-.------ 382 Unsnidleasssae2 eos eee eee 1963 ASPOl Sen 222 ee see =e 1944 bendireist sox ot ae. te 1964 — polevides 4 2.62.22 -~2-22 1968 | COPN Ata eae we oop ae 1955 fOTIMOSBe 22 oe aes ace 1969 frankklinti. 3: Sass oe, t0 nine 1967 PODIOM GSt en... ace wenne ka = 1968 PPACIIN« se see = eee 1968 | PLOGHOLs Se =< > ease eee 1965 PUSS soe ee ees eae 1945 hoya sees Saat 1969 ikeamibient ©5224 ssecs- see 1967 marginata..-----.-------- 1965 microstoma-:===------.=:- 1958 POMCAMINs s+. *=2ose eet ee ae 1954 punctulata...---......--- 1949 | QUuIeSCENS' ----- <--. 22-2 1968 THONGA) sae te- eee eee 1947 TICS See eee ee eee 1953 Tichardsonl (2555-4 ---—- 1952 semiscabra.-- 2. -.cccs--5 1950 spilota.-...-.---- eeecie 1953, 1962 POMUIS Se So caee ae ene eee 1966 wheeler: -i.22248 2-22 see 1950 MINGOSBe esc. USS ose 1968 | uranidea, Cottogaster ....-.-------- 1044 Etheostoma .-..-........- 1045 uranops, Phenacobius.-.-..-------- 304 Uranoscopid2----:.<----------.2--- 2305 Wranoscopmw: -s2.6s.. 522 eee 2306 Uranoscopus anoplos .-------.----- 2308 Y-ETCaM ©. Seeece = 2308 uranoscopus, Ceratias......-------- 2730 Manealias.- -. 2... . 2.2 2729 (Ue pienaies soe. a> aoe eee 66 | binoculuta +2. 222 sc2s65- 73 | Uraspis .-..-- Perea ce Ae! 916, 918, 926 Umiphiseton’s sooo) se nese cee ee ee 1143 WULOCONtrUS oss cde oad e eee eee 2414, 2415 PiGbOsoe Soars eee a eee 2416 UWTVCON PCr Seacoast as 358 VICIOUS = tessa t. seen oe ae 358 IO PORp PMUMGS oo cam ee aa ee ee ee 79 Urolphius #5535950 25. acseeeeeaees 79 SEPIGUTUG-.2 62 ne Stee oe 81 ASlELIAN 5-264 ve Hess ee 82, 2752 POOdG 22 sso eae tastes 81 Dallori:s scene asteaye one 80 Oe ee ee ee el eo eae a ° a we. ee Page. Valenciennellus tripunctulatus. ---. 578 valenciennesi, Arius ..--.---------- 124 Bagrus .:------------ 124 Mrerelia:s-2--222-2--'- 2204 Moxostoma...------- 190 vampyrus, Cephalopterus -....----- 93 Ceratoptera.....-.------ 93 WASIECUE) NG (Nee ee aes 886 lusitanicus -..-..<-..-.- 887 vandepolli, Girardjnus ....-.------- 2834 Pmonia:.....-2-2ss5--=- 696 arubensis .----- 2834 WANG DISHIA, Malla: --.2-52-5--22sco55- 240 vandoisulus, Leucisecus -.-.---.----- 239 MQtaTUES ae< ce oe es 240 Vaqueta de dos Colores .--...-...--- 1684 MET OE CASE etal imc os sciec coches 1200 variabilis, Acanthocottus -.-------- 1975 Mieplies)--<4-2223.-252 25 1012 BERGA eh. —2 5 eo- esse 1784, 1796 Womacentrus ...--.----.- 1552 SHOES RET ona gococceeoeers 1784 variatum, Boleosoma..-.-..-..------ 1070 Etheostoma.--...-..-.... 1069 variatus, Alvordius .......---.----- 1034 Gharacodon-..-:.-...-.---- 669 HMadropterus: -.--=-...2.4 1070 variegata, Lampetra ...-........---- 2745 ; WoOriGkTIa ==:-25 52-250 e6 159 MMAIESONY chs cstsb sess 2805 Salpa purpurescens. ----- 127] variegatus, Batrachoides -.--.-..--. 2316 Cyprinodon ..-.---..--- 671 riverendi .. 673 Eimnurgus'.--.----.--: 666 OEbIsS Te VIS.0:. 225.26. - 1735 Pachylabrus -2-2..< ./:.. 1508 SHE TG Se Sosa 1364 WatIOIOS UB. ATLUS -2.\. ot occscs cesses 132 ACHISUTHS oo. ~~) c20-' 132 Wachysurug!2: -25:2<... 132, 2788 PATINA KOOPMAN ema an 2a =< coc ss ae 1756 Malacoctenus ----.-.-:.-:--- 2357 Monacanthus ...-.-....---- 1716 MiVTaNes cease: 2a hace scm st 2357 SUEDE US So aes Bene eae 536 DHEELIUS peace Chere: ehoees 1153 Weldta. OlalsGmae co=.c.c.--3.--25< 1703 velatum, Moxostoma........---.--- 190 velatus, Ptychostomus.......--.-.- 190 Welrna. A bhepmal-=-c26 22-2 6 feces 790 volifer, Carpiodes:.2..2.../.-4-....-- 167 Catostomus! 2252. 167 Vewmobusesss 052 ts Pee 167 etharens:.-. nie 22Sc8 252 375 Rhinichthys ( Apocope) -. . -. 312 3030 119 Index. Page. LOIS AO ON aas a2 niewee ase = am =n 212 velox, Carcharhinus....-..--.-.---. 2747, 2748 Gligliig: ee Scena: eect acc oe 253 Euwleptorhamphus..-.-.-.------ 724 venadorum, Mycteroperea.--..----- 1186 WeneHGd sce s ance soe cease tee ccet wee 365 PRGCOE St sence =e a 365 venenosa, Mycteroperea. ----- Pp Oe 1172 apua .--. 1173, 1174 guttata..-. 1174 marina .... 1172 yvenenosus, Epinephelus..-.--.-.---- 1172 venosa, Molottarsace cote et ae eee 426 vyenosus, Aluterus ---t22/s2cs---... 1719 ventralis, Arnoglossus...---------- 2670 Brosmophycis .--.------- 2503 Citharichthys ..-.-........ 2670 Ooms s-c5-5----255—->= 2008, 2009 Dinematicthys -...-..--. 2503 Novaculichthys. ---...--. 1615 Opibiaws--< ese 2-3 2503 Trichopsetta .-....---.-.- 2669 Myriehthys<.2s.--2-.-.-. 1616 ventre, Ostracion subrotundus PIADLO Ss. aace st = oat 1749 ventricosa, Apocope.......--------- 309 Temnistia-.....:.....-- 1936 ventricosus, Blepsias--...-..-------- 1936 Ceratichthys ......-... 309 Giiyigses— een ee eee 2104 Cyclopterichthys ...-. 2104 Cyclopterus.....----.. 2104 SalitO’.- 22-005 sustsse- 509 SEDARtGA «snnsen ces ee 1829 Sebastodes ........-.., 1829 ventriosum, Scyllium .-..-..---..-- 25 VENUStH CGHOlWesscarccc-soscesccnee 274 Cyprinelia ss: c.f. <0s60' = 274 Wipe kg. 32252 -s2on505%'= = 1602 himias-- 22 se cooe sss 665 ingens 2.5 nee a 2 665 venustus, Dinemus....--.------.---- 854 INGite PIS: .--5.5--.s=.---- 274, 275 PsCusgO WSS oes osc se 33s 1602 Xyrichthys -..-.--.-..--. 1619 verany, Cyhitiitt<=---< oon s.5 1590, 1591 Verdes, Cabrillas..-.-..- A ee ie 1194 verecunda, Ulocentra.........------ 1049 verecundum, Etheostoma ....--.... 1050 Lepidion: 4:<.-2 5-253 2543 3130 Index. Page. Page Werlus:2 = cso os sateen eee ese dee 1283 | vetula, Pseudoscarus........-.....- 1650 SOrdidus ss o20- cane eeeete ee 1284 Searus..- 52h... 5.s8seeeeee 1647, 1649 W6lM 5-s0c- es or sieeoee SS eaceee aes 374 | vetulus, Parophrys ----.-.<.sseeeee 2640 eiit Fl the Spee ss er sass 375 ; Pleuronectes: 222 --—sese——e 2641 Vermelho, Pudiano.......---------- 1583 | vexillare, Boleosoma nigrum ......- 1058 vermicularis, Corvina -.--.......-.--- 1453 Etheostoma nigrum....-. 1058 Ophioscion .-----..--- 1452 | vexillaris, Sebastichthys ..:-......- 1822 SCIONS oo serene e~ ee 1452, 1453 Sebastodes . ..-2.--.22-05 1821 DPPALWS s- oe = wees 1271 | vexillarium, Holocentrum........-. 852 vermiculatus, Esox-.----.-......... 627 | vexillarius, Holocentrus.....-...-.. ~ 852 Exocetus ....-..-..- 740 | Vexillifer,.:-=.-.52-022es=e ee eee 2495 EMICIUS ss. Soe setae ete 627, 2827 | vheeleri, Uranidea..-...------..--.-- 1950 Xyrichthys.......... 1619 || Viajaca -...22-¢5-\.2.-05c=eeeeeee 1539 vermiformis, Neoconger.....-.---.- 362 | vicensis, Trigla digitis --...-....-.- 2183 Vermiglia, Pesca..-...---------.--- 1811 | vicina, Murena ~. 2. 3.222-se-e==eeee 394 vyernalis, Clapea..<---.-- -4--2-- ee 426 Murenophis --.2: 578, 684 Veuuls, DAlIStes. =.= /.u-eeeeneeeeaa te 1703 | virens, Chlorichthys ..-......------ 1610 — Index. 3131 Page EIS f (crAL UL Sem a oiai= = sinjnlints Soviet aime = 2534 Poliac hiss eekiease =e 2534 SURGEIR ate rieaee sewer ae 1640 Mhisitssomia Aces 23. oe = 1611, 2859 virescens, Apodichthys ---.-------- 2412 O@lnpest see see ae sos oe 426 CiyatoSaianyes= (sce s- <- 1415 Galas eee. once eas =n 932 Gymnothorax ......----- 394 HV COMBULIS, «22 )cte seme 394 Mconthns)2 c's aiss asm a's = 1246 UE RETEN CTT ot: aa ay ee ae 1246 AVS LIS a eg ee 2477 Ie pidOsSteus <<< oc oe n nse 111 JT ES ee 1246 Piscis bahamensis...-.-...--- 1638 ROHIS Stone os ae 1638 MINGUS MITANIOOS -. = 4 -seeceo= none 1968 MAISOOSUN, COMUSS. o.c2--6+sec0eo- = 1968 LUT Ge ORs 55 eee 143 vitrea, Ammocrypta.....--......--- 1065 BA pe og A a 1064 INGIOMENCA. ~7 seco se daca. 1022 Page. Root Mi ONC dale ar sien aie anes atisin < ot 1021 vitreum, Stizostedion.--------.----- 1021 vitreus, Peecilichthys ------.---.-..- 1065 Witha, Acyrichomys ¢... a= --.-=--<-—- 1617 vittata, Argyrotenia ..---..------- 833 Channomurena......-..--. 404 iol aeeees anaes === 258 Clapeaee oss. eae anata 421 Codomr.. -~- 92-0 t= Serene we 258 HIQHONBIS! <= sae eee esas c= 2269 Gymnomurena...-..--.--- 404 Hemitremia ..-.------ “cae 242 POLI =o -eea va ate - 22202 cess =. 1223 DANG a a cx sane nnn Js 1264, 1265 WEEE MM tes ciniaton<* s<< <= 1263 INGOWIBNIS, 2222-2 oem. <6 1262 Pronotogrammus ..-..--.- 1224 vivax, Ammocrypta pellucida ...-.-. 1063 CLEP Ey ae ee ee eee eee 253 WIVAPENS, OSOUIG cc. shina ma smses a= - 691 Wiviparous POC ---- ssc. .nc-5s-5 1498 viviparus, Lophius...-...---------.- 2715 Sebastes .-..-2-----.-.-- 1761 vilamingii, Coryphena.........----- 953 Voilier -.--..--....--.-------------- 891 WET Oy aR Ae nS e cceee e c ce Bene 740, 2183 volador, Exoceetus....-....-.-.----- 733 IRON < oo cabana wee ee saa 2164 Voladora, AGUja. .....-.2---2-ccenee 891 Woolas oo. aee eso see nna eee ea 914 volitans, Cephalacanthus.--.--.--..- 2183 Dactylopterus .-...-.----- 2183 HiXOC0otuS. 22.0 <.-------=> 734, 736 3132 Index. Page. WOlbaTIS. ni glats sae. aaree eerie 2183 volucellus, Hybognathus ---..-...-. 263 Hybopsis's-st- aes 263 Theweisens:.5. 5-025 s,s 263 Notropis 22 = 2-22 42-255 42 263 Vomet 2 so nae ee 933 brasiliensis:. 2-2. 63.de- a. 2 934 DOWN 5. ee ee 934, 2846 cayennensis .---- 934 eolaurbianus.-..22- saee esse 934 Cube & 26202 = estes aoe 934 CUTPUB aa S dna saree ten eee 934 dominicensis2 +52 *2¢5—-2-- 05 934 WMOrsaie <6 2-6 cae eee 934 GZaAVONCHBIS eo o-e de eee eee 934, 2846 POTOCNBIS =. ae aee se ee 934 Martinicensis ----2-<5 ses 934 noveboracensis -..----.----- 934 sanct marth ..:.-....:..- 934 sanctie-petri <2 2 see eo. 934 senegalensis --.-...-.-----.- 934 SOUIPINNIS! os 32 ua oes 934, 2546 SPERM sat 52 oa 2 eae eee 2846 yomer, Argyreiosus .----..-..--.--- 936 DOlLONG Soars Ae Se eee ae 936 ASV A SSIES Rea oe 936 vommerina, Atherina -.----..2-2-..5. 793 vomerinus, Anarrhichas....-..-.---- 2447 Salarjus' (3. ca-oceseece es 2400 VOLAX VUUCIUN 2 2.56. see eee see 628 Mesoprion. -\. 20 os. sees senee 1281 PIntyimlnss< sce. eee ee _ 1281 Pseudorhombus..-.--.-..--. 2626 Ptychocheilus:.---....-..-.- 227 WGN) oe o sinais Sate So eet eee ee 1280 vulgaris, Acanthias -......-..-..... 54 AMeIUTHS =: ss sseee ee 140 AMI OTUS oa ose ae 140 741 at: ee Prep ees ae Soe 868 ‘BYORMMINN: sh-hee cone eee 2561 Conger pcan. -6sp sees 355 Grnneilis..-3> ce o.s-44- 2419 Hippoglossus ...--.-..---- 2612 AUP REIS: cree spite tala ee 2118 UM pus ee eee ee 2097 Merhiccras 282 eseeaa ae 2530 Molva. 222. oe e onset see 2552 ‘Mustelus'22..-/4.. cee =e ee) PRETUS =~ 2 Heese 1357 Pimelédus-s.. 222-5 ee 140 Pomotis..' == s-- 005+ ee ee 1010 Spl yxrene eee ae 826 Squatina <---. sees seee 59 Stariot... S10 ae 105 Diynnis eee onsen reeeees 870 vulnerata, Apocope .--...-....----- 312 vulneratum, Etheostoma..--......- vulneratus, Nothonotus..-........-. Pecilichthys- 25-2222 | vulpeculus, Pimelodus ...-........- Vulpes bahamensis ..-....----...- — vulpes, Albula, <1. 23<23.3 sees eens Alopecias =. ... 22s aeesess Common, 2.2--2.2.seueses Spotted. 2222-2. 232.aeeue webbi, Embioto¢a ..--.- ...--..-.5.- webbii, Blennophis..-.-....-..-.--- Ophioblennius ..-252-eneeue Webug Sucker...2:2:-.--..- esa welaka, Notropis. ---...- eee ee Woelshman’:::<::..-:.ceaieneseeaees Wench, Old... ..5--<25.¢2222 0 tees West Indian Lancelet.....-........ | westphali, Tzeniophis..-.--.-...-... "Whale Sharks:2/.232{4ieweeoee eee wheatlandi, Gasterosteus .---...... Cliola ..ci- 465 PMampback,.ssscen--- =<. 466 *Menominee.-..------.-.. 465 MOM OTA s=—.c-s2—5'c" a= = 473 Musquaw River ......... 466 Rocky Mountain .-.....- 463 MOONE 225-2225 sods edee,- 465 Bab aaa sect asae =o =n 466 White-mouthed Drummer...----..-..-. 1462 White-nosed Suckers...------- 190 (SS a ee Se nee 2530 Caliternia-~.-s-s-0sc7>s~- 6 1477 PATO LIT. sate noo mes hse 1474 INOVGNEGN =. tssseseee.5>- 1475 SO US Sa ee ae 1474 RAEVGD= = scene onc Seas sclees- 1477 Sil = eee eee 1477 Whiting of Lake Winnipiseogee -- - 466 Wadewefisi ps ccesv5---cstoce. colt 1788 VI) UE oS Ree ae aoe 940, 1703 wilderi, Lampetra ......-......----- 13, 2745 DIME Bream nine inn om en aw S55 S 1199 williamsi, Symphurus..---...-..--- 2711 williamsoni, Coregonus. ..-----.----- 463 cismontanus 463 Gasterosteus-.-..--..--- 750 Gasterosteus micro- GATOS 455 SESS coe joa eee 751 willoughbyi, Acrotus .......--..--- 973 Maniinws Gratiot oo nes Seon ens 2788 willughbeii, Canthidermis .-..-....--. 1707 Salmoyee.= ee =~ oe = 509 Trematopsis ----------- 1754 Penson OOUUUS ¢---= seme erie sae enn = 1952 Page. W Tito SMeltins -- oc ae tens Use mn =i 523 winchelli, Hybopsis. --.---..---..-- 321 SSS 1G) OS ES SSS ee oa See 221 WANGOW? PaneGs --s5ls--22<- ss o5e 2659, 2660 AAPLTW VC) [2] ee Re ee eS Rs Sea 487 Winnipiscogee, Whiting ..-.---..--- 466 Wanter Mlenunders:=-:>-22-- 4-2 .-=-.- 2646 SUGKEN ease canoe onw en 187 Waal Hdl ee aL ke ae 2448 Woolf-fish.* 2252-6. ...22--5--- 500, 2445, 2447 woolmani, Paralichtliys --.--.-.-.--- 2628 Worn Nels ate siaceec ses te eens 370 WWraase-finhesee cc ws cone weet ae 1571 PV POU Kiel stes octane 2 ee 1138, 1139 wrighti, Etheostoma ....--..-...--. 1047 Mr ceed EE = 5 aera AE re 2442, 2443 wurdemanni, Gobius ---....-.------- 2225 xenocephalus, Hybopsis ...--.----- 289 MANN RIUIS case ooo <5 289 Notropis=>..--.<.<: - 289 SONS LOMB a cise ee oe ene = a 280 Godomaa- +s. <-s250ce e527 280 SOPSMUE HS PEIN. 54 o05c2 emcees 280 MEGUIOPISE >. 2 a2. aoe ame 280 xaniurus, Cetlas. 0622s eet 24 SEANTRICUUNY Sta =~ oss 1708 cicatricosus .. . 225... 1709 AYMAN DO ew eicain wees => <2 se-.oe a= = 1288 | xantusi, Lepidopus ..-..--------. 2844, 4843 3154 Index. Page. Page. xenarcha, Mycteroperca.-.....--.---. 1180 | Xiphiide:..2.22 st eee 893 Renareht-= 2-1... ee ae 780, 785 | Xiphister -.22.2.=f0: eee +.) ae xenachas, Epinephelus.........-.--- 1180 chirus <2. -2..22e7e.se eee 2424 xenauchen, Galeiclithys..-.-...-.-..-- 2777 MuUucostm- ==...) seceeeeeee 2425 enichthyimwp- 22s)... 2se > a= sane 1244 Tupestris ~2<-22 tases 2426 Menichthys:<-~ 202. Cosesss ae eee 1287 | Xiphistes :....-----2--tceanaeeeeeee 2423 EOE STAT ia ete ee oe 1287 Chifus «.o..see 361 modestus <2. 22.2225) aalo xenops, Xenichthys...............- 1288 mundiceps.-a7. 26 Sere ee 1618 xenopterus, Cypsilurus ...-....-..- 2836 novacula) .-2-5. sea-e see 1619 Kenoptery giles. vosc soem eceseee 782, 2326 psittacus .-.......... 1618, 1619 xenostethus, Sternias .....-......-. 1927 TOSiIPes . .- sae 1615 Wriplopa.ss2.ssee see 1927 ventralis! 22--+ soe Wes 1616 KG OS cst Beta ale meets 999, 1000, 1002 Venustus -- 2202 ss=eee 1619 RUTOOMIB = eine oon ae oe 1003 vermiculatus .....-.... 1619 lythrochloris: 2...3-22-5--- 1003 Va bb = ae ee ee ee 1617 xenura, Kuhlia..2>s22o. sone. seca 1015 | xyris, Sebastopsis- -.......-..-...-- 1835 xenurus, Xenicbthys .-.........--. 1015.) Kyrulas. -. 022202 soe eee 1612 Kererpesies: <2) te-seesoe sae eee 2413 JOSBIZ'.>-- - cease eee 1612, 1613 PAOCOTUNMES hse so secs arene 2413 |) Kystemai--2---. 5-222 cose 1372 MOSHTUS 4 2.350c5-c2enccane te setoese 1694 cinereum 5. 226-2 sesso 1372 GlaTIONIN .25 22 sea eno 1695 | Syster .<2-------2c-se =e eee ae 1384 laticlavils 2225. 42<-~<20e- 1695 | xyster, Zapteryx:--< <2 S2co22c eee 65 punctatus... ..-2---s-52 1694, 1695.| Xystes --.--.- 22.2 2 eee 2076 Meiphias set 2 Gee eeeeee 893 axinophrys -22-222-.5-eeeee- 2076 - PIAGIOS oo 525. 52e sss 5 see 894 | Xystophorus......-..-.....--.. 200. 900 INiperatwor-_2.-->.. cue 892 | Xystreurys -2-. 2s eeesee es eee 2623 MAKITA: = svee.Jansertaeeee 891 lioplepis).=----5- --25ees 2623 rondeleti:.... >... eee 894 | xystrodon, Sparisoma.......--..--. 1630 Riphidiins »-'52..J. 2-2. ogee ee 2348 >| Mystroperca 2-2 .c--seeeeee ae 1169, 1170, 1181 BG) Vi ts) ee eee ray eg Se 2424 | Xystroplites -...< 22.2 Seo see 1006 CLUOTHUM 222 /cese serene 2495 gillii. =. 222222 -oseeeee it, *L007 MUGOSUM| 2.22 ---sseeeee 2425 longimanus .....------ 1008 PUPSshhO! a> cose eee 2426 | xysturus, Myrichthys.............. 2802 MVS aor. Setar eee erase 2424 Ophichthys:.-<<--ssesess= - 2802 Index. 3135 Page. Page. xysturus, Ophisurus .....-...-..--- ' 376 | zanclus, Dermatolepis.............. 2854 Pisodonophis .........--- 376 | zanderi, Argyrocottus.........-..-. 1995 zanemus, Ceratichthys..........--- 319 yalei, Ostracion ......-------------- 1724 | Zaniolepidine.......-....-...-.---- 2862 Manage Nemal ..-2------=---4----~-- EBS ean iplapis 222s: =. 92k, tok ok 1876 Yarrella...------..---------+------- 583 Liv s1t U1: eee ee a eae ee 1877 blackfordi...-.-.---------- 584 Ab pINNIA 2. ses aese ales 1876 yarrelly A-cipenser.:.-----:.-.--.-- MO Semper 2 Se oe 898 yarrowi, Agosia.-...--.------------ 309 CADW OMAR ce ences ce tere Ne 2826 y-canda, Gillichthys -......-.-.----- 2252 pedaliotnae.2 S225. 22 2826 Quietula.............---. 2251, 2252 TPT) 1) ae SS ee es 2850 Yellow-backed Rocktish -.-...--.-. 1822 BilONUS esse ee 2850 Mollow BasS)-------=5-------=---=- tA AaprOvidie= ss soe. 8. 5. > aseh ee eeney 2849 (BBM ype oe «ea anecasmee se « 1001 | Zapteryx....... Hees enh ayaa tte 64 (OE Sey ene eae er eee 139, 143 exasperatus ....22.-.2--- 64 Yellow-finned Grouper .-..------ 1155, 1172 of] 3) a ee ee 65 Roneador -.----.---- 1467 | zatropis, Siphostoma ........-..-..- 772 iregbeste = nce sees ue 497 | zebra, Acanthurus ......-......--.- 1691 ViGULGN Lis) 12S ee Soe eerste 1144 ATDACIOBRE co 2)2-2 => - temas 2341 UP TRUS) \aneserrRosass ge S5oce 859 URS PLOPOECH come esas a= eee 1027 MEROMPOR-s- = 255 --csssthecies 1183 Chitodon 26. 3529532552. =. 2 1691 (SST Saas eee Soe eaeeee ae 1303 Ayr a Ue 1 21 6: eee ee ee ee ae 641, 647 NG HAr fase soe sce teenie a 919 GF OLTOs tesa oe os.) Jessy Jos.< 1373 IMEGKGEOlS cece soa aeeeae ee 921 CrORIGROM: Se mocse sco ae eps 2342 TRU Ben seee Se cneeced eer 1023 RLS So otra a Sam ata Saas oon 2226 TRG enen shoo nce a ses an een 2 1021 Eby drsaniryr a so 5 ance ceseen 647 SEMIN vse suo aceackesace 1934 Percina caprodes ..........-. 1027 Yellow-spotted Rockfish..........- 1826 IPMCOWNE oer. ok. s 28s 2< foe re 1028 Yellowstone Trout................. 493 PRYCRTOMEES, 5. a Sc ece ds 2027 Yahi a 902, 906, 1275, 1433 | zebrinus, Fundulus ................ 646 CRUAIKOR i codon «ee ae Uta WARD pm nee nn in nt Rance aeons 1659 TRATES LTS 1), eters ls ae ee DESL: | RAMONES oie ion oe nnn woe ee coursenatoe ac 1660 y-greecum, Astroscopus .-..--.-----. 2307 | zelotes, Dactyloscopus ............. 2303 Upsilonphorus ....-..-.. 2308 Hermicaran® --...=/2-:--2- 2845 Uranoscopus ............ SUS MAO RON atari erent oy Ss hin oe 1661 VT ee ee 314, 315, 321 hiulolepis: .= nescence ae. 1661 PSSST: [She eee ae ge ene pepe ee me ee 1660 zacentrus, Sebastichthys. .--..- a 1815 OCAISGUS=— = - 5-22 4s545---- 1660 zachirus, Glyptocephalus ........-- 2658 | zenopterus, Exoceetus..-............ 738 CDT SS ns ae gyn cy EG (re a 1559 zadocki, Cylindrosteus ........-.-.. 111 | zephyreus, Astroscopus.-.---....--. 2309 MPMENTRENA teens oate= fo conan eee oe 1499 RYIB RS 228m onee = 2 = 2749 POS AUGUN oiten on aes mcccce Se UCR B OR LIGONIS eo geen oss Se pee oe 1990 GUMS ie 2738 profundorum..-...-...--. 1990 Sn Piet AP Ree aa Dice WeAGR LIGNIN ©.5 28 on oe meena po 1439, 1442 PRC Neee ete (2 2. sow es scidapeasae Pie) VG CIR Ae heer pep oae ae Se “eae 1439, 1440 SIL GV OS a cere eee aa 2848 | zestocarus, Stellifer .............--. 1445 JTS OT Se 2 Boe Eee 1795, 2680 | zestus, Nebris---..-.-..-..--..=---- 1417 EAN KG? TU 5 he ee PAG ZOOS CAPUIATIS -.52-.=5ast---norSosnus 936 ayelolopiges:22* 0. -.=- 2005 2246 GUABIN eet one ee ee 932 emblematicus..........-. 2247 Grinkins sos: 8s 2. See ee 932 MOO UUAR Stet aes io oe minal aan canoe 890 palles 232222555525 Soc es 936 MUMBO) 02s Scere once lana wen et epee en 1687 geometricus,...---.-<-2s2--=. 936 GANESCHNS Seen e ene en aoe 1688 Pq 90 |S ee Re oe Oe ye 955 centrognathus......-..-..- 1688 DM Perialis) 5.2 s- es ake ae 955 COLAMGHS!-neeoee =o oe 1687, 1688 NA peewee oP aaa 955 3136 Page. Zeus Diger ..-.--++------2--00---5- 936 ocellatusicsacses cere comer ae 1661 Opabees sees per ee eee te 955 quadratus .-.-.2..5.5-<2-=-4-5 1668 LOLS a5 56 Heal hs towel wee. 955 POStratus =A sk ce see ee ate 936 setipinnis ~.5-.<.----.---55--5 934 Strwenmill + Ss east eet seoe 955 VOMGE G12 ao ou tae oe ots e sete b 936 zeylonicus, Leuciscus .-...--------- 415 Ziphotheoa.2—.- -.-s2-2see+-2552244- 887 teiradensscis22e. chs = 3 887 ORT CRS ate dala fe ee os oo Paw taela wie gw 2456 anpuillaris... ssc se.202--3--5 2457 elongatus :...-. 22:--.------ 2457 ni 1 lest See Beene 2457 gronovii .--.--------------- 2457 InbTOSsUB 2Js2c-s5asesee sens 2457 POLAT: - pose sere ae ee 2469 Zoarchideee. J ss0cc2es2 osm tae eee ues 2455 WoarOhuss-.2 = 432 -\stneaeee sas eae 2456 zoarchus, Lycodes. -..-------------- 2464 ZoArCiews. 7%. oa. seceeteeute tessa Ses 2455 | ZOArcin® - =~s 05652 SOE AA a eee 2455 zonale, Etheostoma. .--------------- 1075 arcansanum .... 1075 Nanostomins soe siesct oeee 2. 1075 zonalis, Astatichthys -------------- 1075 Pecilichthys .-.----------- 1075 zonata, Seriola carolinensis. .-..-.-- 902 | zonatum, Elassoma...----.-----+--- 982 | zonatus, Alburnus ....-..---------- 285 Chetodipterus .....------- 1668 | Ephippus ....-...--------- 1669 TEROR \xbewecat eke setieueeee 639 Puandulus 2....tiveuscesee 657 Notropis --<....ce-e-e-- 2. 285 4 Scomber. (<- 901, 904 DOSGL ==. 2e- eee eee o tee 905 coronatus ..------------ 905 Gecltvis ---e2 eae 905 PICKER So. ne de emesis 903 Zonifer, CUNUS..--=-lssseeee- ~ =ee=- 2359 Erilepis ..-..--=------------ 1863 zonifer, Myriolepis .--.-.----------- 1863 Zygonectes...-------------- 657 zonipectus, Pomacanthodes .«-.-.---- 1682 Pomacanthus .--..------ 1681 zonistius, Laxius-...- eses sees 1477, 1478. 1479 Index. Page. zonurus, Malacocottus ........---.- 1994 Zophendum -..'s2.--c see se teow 308 australe. --2222u.e-2eee 212 ) plumbeum ..........-- . 216 Ssideriunt....-=-s-eee 314 zopherus, Potamocottus............ 1952 | zophochir, Ophichthus -.-....-..-.. 385 / Ophichthys_.-.-.. 232-0 385 zoster, Hippocampus ......------- 778 | zosterura, Evermannia......-..--.- ” 2256 | zosterurum, Gobiosoma.....-....-- 2257 | zunnensis, Leuciscus .....--. Pe 227 | ZY GON 2 ose loc agen ee eee 43 léWiniiws: 2seeeeeeee eae 45 | malleds, <2ccobawe eras Pays 45 | subarcuata .....---..0. eae 45 | Tiburd. 244. seeeee eee eee 44 tudes 2 s.sadeen ten eee 44 a~ygena, Sphyrna ..........----2.5- 45 SqusIUs <6 3.6 oeeese eee 45 Zygobatis - 52. 23. sees eee 90 Zygonectes. . 2.2.25. --- a sem aeeee= 656, 2828 atrilatus.2--2-6e4-eeeee 682 auroguttatus-..-...-.- 654, 2829 brachypterus .....---.- 682 chrysotus!ss-----ssese—= 656 cingulatus).225.)2-2-22- 655, 656 cratiodla)-2

oie a's == 2413 Scombresox -.--.------..---- fab i falsens; Corvin. ssta.-s5<5 02422525 1435 Four-Bearded Rocklings ....--..--- 2560 Mio p IIS hIN <<.5-% sc a<0 55 846 Four-eyed Fishes. .-....--...--..---- 684 Priacanthus..-...-.-=----- 1238 Four-spotted Flounder -.....--..--- 2632 ) fulgida, Meda .............:..<.---- 329 tox Shark: oops cse eee ceisccdenc. wes 45 | fuliginosus, Balistes ...-........--. 1702 fragilis, Citharichthys .....-..--.-. 2680 Chilomycterus -.-.---- 1749 Wraneesa, liISAee asses eee ama 410 Diode; 2-5-2 shesse 222 1749 francisci, Crestacion ....-.......-.. 21 Holconotus..-........-- 1505 Gyropleurodus .......--. 20 | Symbranchus --...--- 342 fess Lind CUchUe sca). cs eect 1967 | fulva, Labrus chogset....--..-...-. 1577 Pleuronectes .--..--..---. 2650 fulvomaculatum, Pristipoma. ..-.--.. 1339 Wiramid@a te a5 apien omnia 1967 | fulvomaculatus, Labrus.....-...--. 1339 Fraser River Salmon .............-: 481 fulvum, Ginglymostoma .........-.- 26 2980 Index. Page. | Page. fdivns, Bodiawys -2:525< ssedaenlo tee 1144 Fundulus multifasciatus..........-. 645 punctatus ........ 1146 nigrofasciatn -_ 52-2 -2=>= 641 pe is) eee ree ace 1145, 1146 | notatUs,-.-. snes eee 659 Enneacentrus ..-.--------<- 1145 | nottii. . 66.2: 225 ee outalibi -.... 1146 ocellaris'2:...2ssec8 642, 2827, 2828 JB EY ti tis gees ei ee 1145 pachycephalus ...-- wadee 661 Phywiculus: 2-2 30 ste: 2547 pallidns ..<. 25. ses=eee 638, 2827 fumeus, Notropis ...--.----.---.--- 294 parvipinnis......-. 649, 2827, 2830 Wnnal, Scorfanudi-< 5.22 22-bea een. 1837 pisculentus.2..20.Geeee 641 Momeiniia ftac2 25: e503 Se ee 1107 pulvereus;.--.cleisseeee 652, 2828 Mand ulingsccss--..5-ss2=-se--ee 631 punctatus -......5--s-s5 637, 2827 funduloides, Clinostomus .-.-.---..--. 239 rathbuni. /2..:22ec2=ceeee 649 Funduluss-2--.c0.e-2- 650 rhizophorz:- =: scjsaesseos 644 ISGNGISCUNI oo eee nase = 240 robustus';;:-2i39s5-4eee 644, 2827 Squaling 2. Sos-eeere 240 rubrifrons .-2-2 2. o-peneee 653 Zy gonectes -.--.------ 650 SCATLES,. 52.2 ae eee 654 Bimdulas 4235 -s ere oe ees 632, 633, 637, 2827 sciadicus .. 22.2.5 654, 2828 Minis, 25 525 Seabees 645, 2827 seminolis = 222s seecseen 647, 2828 albolineatus......-....- 649, 2828 sitnilis =.2. 20 eee 638 arlingtonius......./s.2-.- 652 stellifer.'. =:~....Gaseeese 648, 2828 SUECUS: ¢s2252-s-4scee5eee 659 swampina -..-22Jso2eeeee 645 permidds: .5.-452. 62222 643, 2827 | tenellus -: =: ==: :6ceusee6 659 catenatus =. +2222 5.2222 648, 2828 Winctus. 22.65 - 1222 limbatus 25202: 643, 649, 2828 Paranthias.22+-codee ese 1221 Tioicg: Sie eee 654 Pimelodus 2: s-csttenaseee 135 macdonaldi ............. 650, 2828 Serranus... 5.20. c= =seeeee 1222 majalis.:-5.5 22.208 63S, 2827, 2828 | farciger, Icelus ..............2---<-. 1913 melapleurus.........-.. 659, 2830 | Furcimanns...........sskseeaneeee 2869 mudfishs G2 issyn oiissee 641 | furcrzea, Corving......-i2csueescees 1460 Index. 2981 Page. | Page. AUNCIOS, Pera :- 2-55.25 be cscecescs 1460 gabonensis, Caranx setipinnis -.... 935 furcreus, Pachypops. ..-.-..--..--- 1459 | Womeret. = 22 ..222255-2 934, 2846 Pachyorus vores ooce.s2eee TEGH endalla:<2=asa22 ek ete = oka Coan 2545 POSS INOUUCUS's- =. 2ssse2<56cssue 149) |) Gadidee .esds5<2525200 so re0Seecce 8 2531 Schilbeodes: 2-- 32252. -- 22. 1497) Gating: 2: sa: ates se bee ete see ee 2531 turnieri, Micropogon .-...-...---.. 1462), \Gadus.’.- <2: =e ccesasecesecuse cas 2540 LOitil oe Pet esoo nH aameeee 1463 mplofints,:s222sc2e225--kee 2543 POEENIANIIN) sc -> oe 2S s- 2s ssc sees 132 Apis. 2F225SeFeesteeses wee ee 2534 WaAvANK! -5 2c cs-5-2 5820322426 914 albiduss2:s-Jisessecet ee ese 2531 Corvina (Homoprion)...--.- 1441 | SLCNOSUE!s 55S 42525522 26-12 d= 2541 emicarank 5. .2-- 2.2 ss 8 914 MUFATHS: 3522's. 552 teow as Fes 2542 Miishaie se aeciss2 dase cee 436 barbatusrsssss5sssceee ee. 2541 ellorasse:s2ossseecs ee a 436 DLOsMes 532 25> Fesstese sc ses 2561 IPrIntipOMiai-~s2saasl2e2e-23 1319 | californmicusico2-24255ceasens 2539 S(T EY Soe aes ee aa re 1441 egllariaseccct.s.s. 2. atte 2541 Sphwroides.-.-.-.-.2.-.s0<- 1737 CADDONATIUG! 552226202 - ss sms 2534 Spheroides:...25525..-2-2-5- 1737 chalcogrammus ............. 2536 PiOlMen ss. sesess2ds2s02~2 se 144] CUADITUSis-24 Sess ve 5502 5 <2 2560 WACHIBUTUS)<5.2225-25-2s456 132 COlinie S38 fai Iie este aee 2535 MacwySULUS > 2252ss2sc-5 see 132, 2787 compressuS ---.........-.-.- 2551 PURINE SOLTANUS nice asec see eee 1200 Tabitha s259.cusstee. cae as 2534 MONG MOHONGIS +2235 2222--22c0vcece 2270 finibriasss=- 5.5 475s so. 1862 iydvareyra s2ios2..--- Sas 624 glagialis ae. 2-4 eee 2534 Labrus tautoga-.............. 1579 @racilig(ssnsssu2-—-2 eee a 2538 MOMMA s 2 S25 2505555 S cease 1483 heteroplossus. <==. .525./25- 2541 PHAURUON SUUTUS<-\- 2 oSs-. 5: hess oe 140 Inenbtris: > 22.225. s5e2. See 187, 2551 fuscoauratus, Tetragonopterus --.. 334 lonpapiesoss co seset eee eed 2555 fusco-maculata, Acara.-.-.-........ 1540 Inplsostenanetasst asa seaGe ee So 2561 Pichidnal te. 2 = - 403 macrocephalus ......-....--. 2541 fusco-maculatus, Chromis.-.......--. 1540 Maculosns?5-25 jcstacs oss 2551 faseula, Haliperca :--.-:--.------.-. 1211 IOROUA erie aee sere ewes nee 2541 fusculus, Centropristes .........--- 1211 MAPA Ie fading aise i 2546 fuscum, Siphostoma .........---..- 770 MEMIUCCIUG os. s 32722250220. 5 2868 INGLLUNUS 3355 224 sean. we 2541 Eupomacentrus ---.....-.... 1552 OPAC 526 -e eee mena eae = 2542 Wandulas)s2s22 62 casas S 624 ORB. < cena ent ee eee 2542 Gadus tomcodus ..........- 2540 periscopus ....----.--.------ 2536 Hemirhombus-.. ...~.\.2.. 5. 2686 polymorphous. --.+ 3---2=--- 2540 Pomacentruss. 225. --2e <5. 1552 productos. 5-5=-2s6cce2 5-5 2531 IPHONES Asoo ee ee se oS SS 951 PIGOXIMUSi Coes sae -)- 2539 SOTTaNWs soso 52 =. Sooo secs 1181 PISIHOSNBE >. 4. - 5. 92Hee=s 2540 Syngnathus................ 770 PUNCIAIUS <3 Rises csteaaee = ai 2553 Prachinotus 2! Ves 22%: 942 DY GOING oases heeekeer sna 2542 fusiforme, Etheostoma............. 1103 EADEOT 2 Soe ama neler eee 2552 fusiformis, Boleichthys .........-... 1101 BUNGE: -5< ase aces eee eos 2530 Boleosoma.-2--~ . -22=~-. 1102 MOPOSuIAA == 4 see ee eee ts 38 2541 Hololepis....- s+. -vss=s- 1102 Spell Rene ees enor oc. ae 2534 Phalangistes .........-.. 2048 Ue Se Se ee eae ene 2316 Pecilichthys......--=.. 1102 tONWIS: Ao A=sew os ese ea 2555 fviles: Raja. uincwssessssccdseseatecs 69 tomcod 2-25 34.43 2555, 5<3-2-5 2540 LOMCOMNEG Hats a8 ee 2540 fORCURS- 2-3 os. 2540 (OS OE Ue RS = epee eek ae ne 91 Imtows? <= swsss~s 255 2540 gabonensis, Argyreiosus.-...-.....- 935 | TRIES 3422 cee aa enn 2540 2982 Index. Page Page. Gadtis tors 2. tae s'seec ese eee 2561 | Galeocerdo tigrinus ................ 32 MOLGAT US. J: = 22 -Scssehweece ses 2541 | galeoides, Otophidium ............. 2491 MITOUA SS Soe sss coo eee 2534 | Galeorhining, .. 4). <:22beneeee eee 27 Gadt-topeshl = 2622; 5-3 shss5452e5ee5% 118} Galeorhinus... 2.24.32 -0=ee=eee ‘ 31. -Gatfishes .-..-.--..:... 116 | zyopterus ~..-25--5-e=5 32 PAN panei. 2 -s.- esac 940'} Galeus ... £4321... eee 29, 31, 2745 Gees a oes ee eg te 1177 californicns,. <~.--=s=eaen 30 Gaidropsarin® 27... 5-225. 6. s--25 35 2532 .. dorsalis. .. 2.2.32 eee 32 Gaidropsards) <2: .2 == 5-<5----5--h- 2557 | macnlatus.. -. 22.22. ne eee S 30 argentatus ..-...---- 2559 | galeus, Epinephelus.......--...-..- 1164 GUSIS \~-----==—n- == 2558 | Serranus)....:: =. 5255s 1164 septentrionalis ...... 2559 | Gallichthys,..2._.....:e.a0-2teeeeee 931 gaimardianus, Mugil............-.. 814 | gallinula, Monacanthus....-....... 1716 gsardneri; Pario\ss6404:..cereeeaee: 499.| Galliwasp....0....2...22 eee 538 Salmo). 205 -.55-.2 see 497 | Gallus .-- 2-2. eee 931 beardsleei -.....--. 2819 VITOSCeDS. ...-.-. eee 932 crescentis .-...... 2821 | gallus, Zeus..2.25 52205 -- eee ee 936 kamloops-....-.--. 499 | galtiw, Squalius --...-.-.-----< 222. 237 Bhasin 32) = 7a 502 | Gambusia.......- -t.0s2. ose Sees 678 StONC! conc - eae 503 affinis:.2..<. sq 680, 2832, 2823 galactura, Clidla-<. << =5.-e-5<0-22"~ 279 arlingtonia ........ 652, 2828, 2829 galacturus, Hysilepis --..--..-..-.- 279 episcopl..:<<2-.4 eee 683 NOLO DIS. 25-2 sense oe 279 gracilis - 2-225. - Jean 682, 683, 2832 Galakite S0i iss Se een a 1711 holbrooki: ---sac2o—--nee 681, 2832 galapagorum, Umbrina-..........--- 1468 humilis... =. -.-¢. 23. 225s6s5 eee 108 xenauchen....----.22s.< 2777 | garabata, Mojarra .-......-.--<2. = oo ss os os ie oes oe 1002 lesWIS 2 Socks eee 2 745 MOULD DIGS oes tae 281 leimrustsss: sae -eeeace 747 GammeNMtses Sok aca c ese ot ee cee 2231, 2232 lorieaguhie -cc- nee siiee 747 hemigymna .......-.. = 2233 lotharingus.....-.---. 746 NAAG OTA sso esses 2232 mainensis.—-- =~ <<<. 745 Seminudars. 2.5 sco. 1s =2 2233 WMICTOPUS. <.0=32 =~ cae 744 garnoti, Halicheres ....-.-..------- 1593 millipunctatus.-....-.. 752 Lie? 1S See een eet 1593 nebulosussc03352 2. 746 JO Ra Se OGeeBEcEaeocpers: 1593 neustrianus.-........ 747 Platyglossus .............-. 1593 obolarius: ..2:222.5-., 750 USE Dig UF WS ee eee eee 1161, 1797 occidentalis .......... 745 Ton Sr ESAS Goserion ce aee 1161 MIEDELUS esas cece e = 751 (G)IS 014.5 S eee eee a See oe 910 DOBECUS 262225552525 747 (ni SP eee ah pe cp aeer oes Janos bIee 426 PIPOUU ome cease = = 751 GASRPEEPOU csc oes cee amen ese ane 1484 | PUNSOR Soe. o-oo 745 Gasteracanthus...............-...- 746 brachypoda. 746 Gesteropelecus--=--..5..-..-..-0.-- 337 PygmMeus ------_. 5-8. 744 acanthurus......... 579 Qwadmaeus. -s:6.22.0. 752 crocodilas....-..-.- 558 Baltatrixs222222-5.35. 947 humboldti........-.- 572 semiarmatus -.-....-. 747 maculatus .:-...--- 338 semiloricatus ---..... 747 Trachinus)-...5.... 2297 serratus..... Espo 750 (SGC )GnG/ CEE eo ee ee 745 spinulosus......-..... 748 bianGhardie-2o250...2 746 tetracanthus ........- 748 GASLCROSHOIO® — 202-6 25o6. Secs. 742 trachuruss—e-=«.--- = 747 Gasterostein® --.......--..--..--.- 743 | wheatlandi........... 749 Ganteroseus: -2 <2. .----2-.0--.5.<2- 746 williamsoni.--........ 750 aculeatus:-.......--.- 747, 2836 inicroceph- cataphractus. 750 alus..... 750 algeriensis .-.......-. 748 | Gastrobranchus.........-.--....... 7 antecessor....-------- 900 COUR pe eee =a 8 apeltes)..=-=-.<..< uit 752 GombGyocsase<2ee 3 6 argentissimus ....-.- Wai) Gasirophyaus -coaseee nos testes os 5 1727 argyropomus.......-- 748 | Gastropsetta.-.-. --.-......2....-; 2636 anlloni coeeve os -22k8 747 frontalig’s ss .casene- = 2636 biaculeataus:...222. =. - TASH GAStTOStOMNG oc oe - ose e 406 bispinosus ..-.....--- 748 Paral e eee. Soe se 406 atkinsi -.. ASST GreatAla= - ta sien oe eee nae ee 26 RIPVICIIe =, TAO 2000. In GbbO), coe kha 2-- chosen seem ese. - 28 brachycentrus .-.----- 748 BOnaGE 22-5 opener tease 1187 breviceps = 222 2-<2-.2- 746 gaucharote, Chetostomus .-.-.......-. 159 eanadus 2223225555 948 Hemiancistrus-.-.....-. 159 carolints 2-0 2--5—S5 = 944 Hypostomus........-.. 159 cataphractus....-..-- 749 | gavailis, Lepisosteus .-......-...--.- 110 concinnus........-.-.- 745° "gayi Eepieopus —ac-~- --.2-~-=>45>s~-% 2530 dekayden-- eee eesee 746 | gelatinosum, Melanostigma ....-..-. 2479 2984 | Index. Page. Page. gelatinosus, Careproctus ---..----- 2134; 2195) (Gres. 22. 2-s5e 2-2 ee =e eee 1373, 1377 Cyclopterus -...--...-..- 2135 aprion oven eels sie elder eee 1373 SUAS ... 22. eee 883 harengulus <<<. 4-sdeessee ee 1369 Coluhers ss eee eee 884 jOneSL .~.... 22/5 Jo -pioeee eee 1368 Ophidiannis S62. 84s 884 lineatus <<< ...1.3.eseeee ee 1377 prometheus -.....---...- 883 MeXICANUS, .... 4—. asses eee 1380 Serpens?227222 oe eee ee 884 | olisthostoma ....-........--- 1377 solandrit: "2222-2 5ece ne 883 | olisthostomus ...-.-..-.---.- 1376 generosus, Catostomus .-....--..--.- 170 pabaos. 2254. .eessaaeeeeeree 1378 Pantosteus <222 256 sone 170 | pertivianus..- 5. .< sos seeaeees 1376 Genicanthushess. 22k ews eee 1682 plamiert) +. < .<<.-<<<.4seneeee 1379 IELCOLOT oes eae Bes ae 1684 | pseudogula-.- 2... 22cessseeeee 1368 Genizaraiysss.22-ce ee es eee oe 1586 | rhombens)..5----ce. ae = a= ee 1373 géntilis; Blonnins\.202---- = 2388 | Gerridse:.-.<2.¢2 .3aoe2 6 see eee 1366 Hypsoblennius............ 2387 | ghini, Orthragoriscus-............. 1754 Isesthes's -s-c-. 45 1735, 1736 | MSaring.... senses 1295 VE CIRO (eee Re ae 936 | Tigomia .2scic,cecebeweeeeee 235 Geophagns . .... 422542 erases eee 1542 | gibbosum, Hzemulon ..............- 1296 crassilabris ..--........ 1543 gibbosus, Aphredoderus -..-..--.--. 787 georgianus, Caranx................-. 927 Calliodon *.-. 2.2622 oateen antes aaseeae 871 gibbsii, Hemilepidotus .........--.- 1936 Index. 2985 Page Page Pibbsii, Salmo. --..-.......-.-.----- 493 | Gilbertina sigolutes.............-.- 2028 QUAINT co arene oes yee sis 28195 ee ig tamer see an vera apiece sar, 2298 MUVICISH So eee =~ =o 2 493 STENCH] Banc aeeieeinees seo sce 2299 gibbus, Hypsilepis cornutus --.----- 283 OVUAMUS > = .c52 5 se ak eect 2299 Iiinis Sh aap oaseoeecaeee 2123 SeMicmMetUS),. -3. .=25% 25. - 2298 Hophiwdisecs ese = se -s6 <-> 2017) ili, -Labichthys)-<-su-s.c- s-s-s =~ 368 gigas, Cerna.--.------.--..-----<--- 1154 WpeUCISGUbe secs sas ane e stece 239 Ephippus...----------------- 1668 | Pleuronectes ees. s2\< gees = 2654 Ie PCL Se emilee = == 1 1154 | Sebastodes.essceeeeene ee. 1811 HappoclOssuseessc= 2. s-s—- a5 - 2612 Synuchinus)-s-cess--sseesee eee 2024 ML Sh eee oe are toe oe eats 1483)2| gG@ alte 25.5 ccc asemanceneawsaheseete 2249 (BORG eet sina meiner ae aim 3 Mdés\conharns, Julis;-45-<.- 688 gilberti, Agonus .....-.-----.------ 2060 ITU) poe She Roeser 2834 Citharichthys ....---.-.-.- 2686 metallicus.-...-20.-2.-. 687 Galeichthys...-..-.-...... 2773 occidentalis .......-...- 689 -Hypsoblennius ---..--.-.- 2386 pleurospilus..-...------- 688 Riv pRUS .~ oe = Se aiae 2253 | sonoriensis.....-.--.--- 689 PROSHRGRS oso eater maa ai 2387 wInotatus <=5--5.--=-.- 687 Lepidogobius .-.-...----.- 2254 vandepolli-....--.------ 2834 MemidiaSeecmeem= pees ane 798 | WEESICOLDE (ac cones aeapiete 689 Notropis 2c -se newest: ORR Crmrellii ss 25.2 2-2) a ae ae 1381 Notarnsss-24enesonnceeees 148 | dorsomacula.....--.----.-.. 1382 Podothecus ...-.------...- 2058 | NIZTICANS -- = -sseeens----==-- 1382 Salmo irideus <-..-...-...- BOD) Gar ellinw: <=-- o-\-pae seem 1381 Schilbeodes .-..-.---.... ra PAS GTTON. 2. oo teiw nen es sm cia ne eaten ms 340 Sebastodes ....--...--.---- 1823 | fasciatiA,-—~-- 2 =<5e5->--= = —= 340 Wiccentrs i. —ses46--e~—4---= 1049 | Gizzard Shads ....----------------- 415 feahentan at ee one 2027 | glaber, Cottus.-.---..--.-.--------- 2316 3030 110 2986 Index. | glaber, Cyclopterichthys ---.-...-- 2104 | Glossodus forskali .......-....-.--- 411 Ostracion oblongus .--.---. 1735 | Glossoplites: - 2 .:.222> 25> eee 991 | Pleuronectes - .=...=2-.s-5-. 2650 gloveri, Salmo-s.s =< 252-ebseseeeeee 487 glabra, Liopsetta ..-..--.---.----.- 2690 | Glut Herring, --. 222-2 2soceeeeeeeeee 426 (PARLES 88a sas -ep eee eee 2650 | glutinosa, Myxine....:...----....-. 7 glabro, Corpore oblongo .-.-.-.---- 2657 | Glyphidodon)::==2-2-522..esee=eeee 1560 Ostracion subrotundus ven- ChrySards 1021 zachirus..24-==2200 2658 glanca, Prionace .-<-..-.-..s9---=-- 33 | Gnathanodon, -<-2----2ezee-seaeeee 927 glaucofrenum, Coryphopterus. - --- 2220 | Gnathobolus<..=+=-S22-2—5-sseeee 437 Gebussesss os 2-2 2219 mucronatus ...-.-.... 438 glancoides, Trachynotus........--- 941 | Gnathocentrum .-----222os-=. ee 1687 glaucopareius, Acauthurus ..-..--. 1694 (Gnathodon speciosus..-....-.....--- 928 glaucos, Sebastodes..-...-.----.---- 1777 | gnathodus, Pseudoscarus -...-..--... 1650 glaucostictus, Rhinobatus .-...-... 63 Scarus, -.2:2-2-20eseeeee 1650 glaucostigma, Rhinobatus ---..--.- 62 | Gnatholepis.......-:-..---5-----=e-6 2210 glaucus, Carcharhinus ----..------- 33 | Gnathophis -.-=>-=222---=-==s=seee 355 Carcharias--------.'------- 33. | Gnathypops..-<....52---.-2 --eeaee 2283 Chztodon.:.-..-....-.--.- 941 MACLOps: = --s2-ca.ceees 2284 [snropsis!<--—.-cees-e oe 48 maxillosa -<_. 255 seeeeee eee PIROIS 2 2ore = eee eee 2201 brevidens .........---.- PlAMICRIC. eee eee se tee 2206 | - denudatum..........-.-. Tie) Piseeacs Scar ences 2226 elongatum ............. Quasdriporus: 22 --on-sn--- --= 2221 microdon.......---..... COCA pee eee eae 2228 | Gonostomin® ---... 222 .-2ssscenen~ SOMMUdUS =~ =< acu lseen=-e = 2234 | Gonostomus acanthurus..........-. slratéldti25-2- --<--2 aeacee 2221 | Goodba. <<... 2. s0csesess eee SMniararadnWes =. se == ae see 2227 atripinnis': --2s22-secsaeeeed SMYyINensis. ..2.2 eu24.5 5-5 2118 | goodei, Aldrovandia ............... BOPOYSiGl > o5- = 22 cass osene 2216 Erimy Zon <2 2s2=-5sssessaee stigmaticns . 5.5.22 s5<.5ss- 2224 | Halosaurus..-.-.....-.---..- stismaturys=---s-2>se--s0- 2220 | Hymenocephalus ........... Strivatus 2. --ssce eee 2228 | Lucania -... 222 esseseeee Z (QARIGS 2 nee eee 2236 | Macrurus |. ..t2s47s52-eseeee thalassinus.....-....---.--- 2245 | Myliobatis :............-..- TOWISONGI 225 - oes see ee 2250 | Nematonurus .............. Viridipallidds <. .s.232-2.-- 2259 | Paralonchurus.............. wurdemanni ....-.-----..-- 2225 | Ptilichthys)- - <0-<.ssss-eeeeeeeeees godmanni, Cichlasoma............- 1516: |) Goodies\: 225-5222. sess sees Heros 2225255. vases nee 1516. |Goody..- 20 eee pet ee Pimeloduas -cscesoe sees 152 |; Goosefish \-..< 225 (22-2 eee Rhanidia -s. oe 152 |; Gorbuscha ...: 52.22/52 2 See GOPple-2y0*- ocean een one 990,992 gorbuscha, Oncorhynchus..-.-....... daek . 22s 32-2 seesee 911 Salmo ..... Pe ee Gogglér-....--2-5-222aa2 05 so eee 911 |; Gordiichthys---->--*-. <2 222Seneseee Golden Shiner-.---=----<--.25-s6ees 250 | irretitus <-...-sseeeee Trout of Mount Whitney .. 503 | goreensis, Albula.............-...- Goldfish .---.- 5-22 5.522.--avacsne= BOUT Hes 5. Se yo eens 947 gracilis, Aldrovandia ..........-... Goniobatis) =~ <2 22222027 nesses nee 88 Atherinichthys -..-....... macroptera-....--....-.- 88 Blennius 2-2-3225 -- see Goniodus \..-2-5.5...2-sscesceeensees 57 Catostomus.: 2.0 -Sceeeacoce Gonionarte 25. 205-2. soos eee 78 | Chetodon -. ..22.2..52....- Gonioperca..*<-~ 22552.-ensen-aee ds 1194 Cottus..-scases-) eee eee Gonioplectrus..--...-...:-----....- 1139 | Cyprinus -2<.2e.seeeee eee hispanus.....--.---- 1140 | Diapterus'. -22222caeennees Gonotephalus . -<...s0<-t.sessyanoes 2183 Gadus '....6.cccsupee eae eee ; j Page. gracilis, Gambusia .............---- 682, 683 GGLEGS osate soc acne een oe 1370 Gila dato ese a se tee ones 227 Gobins|2e--5--90255-4 ess 2249 Hippocampus ........-.--- 777 iy bopsisesssossceee- se. 221 Lepidogobius....-......--. 2249 Lepisosteus...22.-.---ns.-<- 110 Leptocephalus ..........-. 354 ON GISCUSI oss cceslesc asses 283, 326 WY COdCS -sas0-0-- 55 Janene 2465 Monidiansaac-=22saneceeccoe 797 beryllina -........ 797 Montana ass-c-neesdedsecas 272 PROG ae open iw sieanigeae ai 1024 Photonectes:..-2.----,5---- 591 PIMGlOdusi sss 552 Sessa cls 135 Platygobio ............-... 326 Plienroradus=. 222 226-555 2538 Pociichthys--..---<.0-.+6 1103 Ptychocheilus ---........... 225 NGO DOr esac ot ers cle 867 SCOPGIUS 3562 5-5) a0 sade mses 572 Septogunnellus...........-. 2436 dE a seeped onaee 236 PAGS Baoan eeiwee ann eee ne 2538 imi brine 21. ctadveeatececems 1474 PUraM eas -ekiesie eietesacite,ae 1968 XGpHOPHOLUS .-< nce sn 5.3... 2st eee 1382 | grossidens, Engraulis............-. 451 Adagleat os. eV ceteteee 1869 Lycengraulis .......... 451 greenel, Wranidea': 22) s.ssc5seen eee 1965 Ground Drummer. ....-.....-.-. --- 1436 freeni, Conesius’ <22. % S22. See -eer 324 Spearing...2c22 =.=. ese 533 INeoliparist t2s-2 Se taacct ese 2112 | Grouper, .Black =. 2-. =... 25.eeeeeee 1161, 1174 Greenland Gharrai222o.sce.-seee se s 508, 510 | Mangrove... 22 noses 1171 Codfish eres: aoe 2542 | Nassatlss 0.0. see ease 1157 Halibate.< /25 s22e3 cee 2611 | hed ees e esas ossiseateeee 1160 Greenling 20.50 er eS 1871 | Mellow: 24 5-<2ss-seeeeeee 1183 Greenlings' 22. - i222 - s2ed see ee 1863, 1866 | Yellow-tinned .......-.- 1155, 1172 Green-sided Darter: .--....0-2---=.- 1053 | Groupers: ...-<=...5.0. ese ae 1148 Grévory, Beau ..2/s50-03s-02 saat 1555 | Grubber Broed-head .-........--..- 447 Grenadiers-s.-..~. sok ewe ees 2561 | Grubbycc..032,5.52 2522 see eee 1973 PTSx, Scomber® 2: === oe eee ewe 867 | grunniens, Amblodon..............- 1484 grimaldii, Conchognathus -..-.....- 349 | Aplodinotus ........... 1484 Grindle* Se et eee 113 | Haploidonotus .....--.-- 1484 grisea, Diondas <:2S24.-002 eae 216 | Labriis'.c..2ees eee 1483 Luciopereas:.-s:s2sssscss5= 1022 Mupil 3.52 25eeeeseeaee 1483 Sclena:c.c2cc3282222 ssaeecae 1484,.| Grant, Black =. .ic0\20. 20s eee eeene 1297 Unibranchapertura........- 342 | Boar. 2o5.ccen6 ceo ee eee 1303 griseolineatum, Siphostoma..-...-- 764 Commion..2-24 ae eee 1304 griseolineatus, Syngnathus .....-.. 764 | Mrench 2 -.-74-ceseer Secs 1295 @archarias 13-202 -2= ee. 47 | Open-mouthed.........----- 1306 Catostomusss.-t2s-4255.-.- 175 | Red-mouthed’..............- 1308 exanchus'; 3 ssAevec essere 19 Striped). -<~-.<>-ceuneeeeeeee 1296 Labrus 55525252425 idttesee 1257 | W hite.2. 3. sscaoee-e ase 1310 Latjanue 22 95.\2s.s200 cease 1257 | Yellow = c-0-ssusceseeees 1303 Mesoprion2:-s-5..ceaseee 1257 | Gronterds. 2. acess eee eee 1289 Neon eIIS=..a5scce-aeeeeee 1255 | Gronte-.2:.5<22-ctencene eee eee 1291 Notidanns2++3-2>.o-0--00-- 19 Stripediz.....525 9a 1313 SAUTURI ASS sos Sasser cone 537 | gryllus, Exocetus <..5..c22eeee=ee 729 So malns Sarasa eer tees 19 | Grystes\s sso. 1010 Prolisi. Opuidium:s)=s226-5-0 ee 2487 lineatus' 5-2 eeeeea eee 1868 groenlandica, Nansenia.......-..--- 528 megastomas:.-=--/=--sUssaees 1012 grwenlandicus, Aspidophoroides. .-.. 2092 nobilis...<.-2sdasee seen 1012 Cotite. 5.2 s2cetsese- 1975 nuecensis......--. ovcwu stale 1012 ee a ny Index. 2991 Page Guabi coara brasiliensibus..-.-..-.. 1305 RPA CATAI A=. 22s sore ls casts se. 1657, 1658 guacamaia, Hemistoma.......-..-.-- 1659 Pseudosearus ...-.... 1656, 1659 Soares’. 20ers isos. 1656, 1658 GistcaMaAlas:.25.-eeee ee tee tees 1655 | guachancho, Sphyriena ..-....-.--.--- 824 Guachinan go, Pargo....-........-.. 1264 | PAE Se AIRORG)- ceca = ce ne seas. 2236 COA APTLADONG )croit 2 See ect bee eee 824 IPelon 24. ee eee 824 guaiacan, Echeneis.............--.- 2270 (GET 0) ES eae ee eee 679 PRMACONOR oat oa ar sce eons ho. 678 SLOT es Soe 692 Guamaiacu atinga .............---- 1749 Gnamajacu guara.-....-:....5..--- 1745 guanahbana, Erizo .............5.--- 1746 | APEC seen a nti tcse too ss 1489 GOBADOIV Ss. 05-2 --s-coecse see ste. ss 1703 Jataforcipata..-....--....- 1702 UME) CAPANK. 2-6 ne ace senna - ae 926 Guamajacws 222235252 -<0- =: 1745 SCOMMON seseces sass cc aa 927 PIAL AUC 22 a0))dcncuteies see <= cee 876 SEACH. ooo toe mance eee els eee 715 | (Cie SE Peer ee ae eae 1154, 1162 Guages, Promicrops « : /2.'5 <5 -- = - 1164 HELEANUA ss = s5-Soceeece se = 1164 (AUREG) Co Eppes nae aan 1164 guatemalensis, Arius............--. 129 Adiniass sce tao 35252 660 Anacyrtus....--...- 338 Atherinichthys....- 801 Citharichthys -...-.-. 2686 Hunduhis?ss222223.. 660 Galeichthys ........ 2778 Hexanematichthys .- 129 Monidia; <=. /-ss-->2-ese=s 2419 nebulosum.....--------- 2414 Neommnis...:-¢2422oe5een 1269 OMMAtUS'..02. 00 =-0e0ee% 2420 Ophisurus. ......-.--- es 382 punctatus .........-.--- 2440 Percopsis-:. 2 522sseaee 784 ruberrimus.-..-.------- 2417 Petrometopen ..-.-------- 1142 VUON@aNIS 2. 2 d= neon === 2419 Pomotia': <- j2-s84-cssseee 993 gunouellus, Blennius........-------- 2419 Promicrops..--.--------+« 1162 Centronotus....---.---- 2419 Sebastapistes ..-........- 1848 Murenoides....-------- 2419 Upsilonphorus ...--..---- 2310 IPhols qos een ene 2419 Z@U8 vs sce2= nest aeees ees 955 Gunnelscs5-e-2 ae ses eae 2414 Zygonectes: .. Jesse sseee 653 gunneri, Scumber --..-------------- 955 | guttavarium, Plectropoma. .....-.. 1192 gunnerianus, Squalus. ..---.------- 51 | guttavarius, Hypoplectrus.-.-....--. 1192 gunnisoni, Cliola.-.--...-.---------- 273 unicolor 1192 Cyprinella......-------- 273 | guttifer, Ophichthus.-.-......--..-.- 383 guntheri, Aspidophoroides..-.....-- 2090 Ophichthys-22=.2-s2>-—s<5 383 Etheostoma .....-.------- 1034 | cuttulatus, Hippocampus ....-..--. 778 Hadropterus....--------- 1033 Pisodonophis...-..----. 377 Halosaurus .....-.---..-- 608 Pleuronectes-.-...-.-.---. 2640 Hoplopagrus.....-..----- 1244 Pleuronichthys -....--. 2640 Lampanyctus........---- 559 | guzmaniensis, Catostomus .......-. 171 Mugil. 5.2. .hseseseesme 812 Pantosteus..---..--. 171 Sirembo ees: seceGe een 2523 | Gymnachirus ....--..... wecioe nage 2703 Sphyreena...-...----.---- 824 fasciatus .-..-.-s.s% 2703 Xiphophorus ....--..-.-- 702 | Gymneleotris ......-..--.-<-------s 2204 guntheriana, Alutera .....-.--.-+-- 1720 seminuda..........-. 2204 guppii, Girardinus ........-----.-.- 2834 | seminudus .-.....--- 2204 Gurnard, Big-headed ......--.-.--- 2171 | :Gymnelinss :: 52 eeseee eer ee 2456 Common. .2..2 5--6 26) ~- 2156 |) ‘(Gymnelis . 225.2422 2sdeoeeeeneeeees 2477 GIN Goes ee ene eee 2183 Pictus \.c- 392, 400,401 | Haddocks ........-...-..-------+--- 2542 Ser ese ses e5 395)| Hadropterus -==-.-=---<5--—- 1028, 1030, 1038 aquze-dulcis ....----- 391 CETL eno ren Qgoceee SBE 1032 catenatus .-.....--.- 403 aurantiacus .---.-.-..- 1041 chlevastes-.......-.- 399 cymatotenia....-..... 1042 conspersus ...------- 397 GVIGGHe= amen ee iees 1036 Govilee- 22 eee 397 guntheri ...--- Bescnncs 1033 elaboratus ...------- 389 macrocephalus ......-- 1031 flavoscriptus ..-.---- 395 maculatus.....------ 1031, 1034 funebris=—---2-- -- --- 396 MIAH CUD eoaae eee aaa 1043 longicauda ...------- 392 nigrofasciatus.......-- 1038 marmoreus. .-..----- 391 ouachit® ..........---- 1035 il bbiat yee eee eee 398 DPeltatiss. 2cnecessaeses) . L0Se MOPAVE Sen secs 396 phoxocephalus .......- 1030 moringua ..----.---- 395 TOANOKS eee en eeasen se 1036 nigrocastaneus..-..- 390 ECMENU(: pees se Serpe ace 1037 obscuratus..-...---- 389 serrula ..-..... 1038 GCOUSHHS s2 soem aa = === 399 SMMANGH: 24 sacs. -5 = 1047 nigromar- squamatus ......--...- 1040 ginatus . 400 tessellatus ...:..-..... 1070 saxicola -.. 399 | Sha See ee 1070 panamensis ....----- 391 | hematura, Cliola.........-..--.--+- 218 picturatus .-........ 395 | hematurus, Hybopsis..-..--..-..-.- 218 Pletnse. = sc~ ae eae 2805 | TiGUGIROUB 25 fo aoe e's 218 polygonius ....-.---- 204-| “Eissmulides © 22o2-26 eeecetsa sk o5-2's 1289 TOStEAUUSHTs wot o eet eas 35g) fas Te ee ee 1291 sanctie-helen® ---.-. 397 | ROUPDI mee 7s ooo enw aes = 1299 seriptus--------2--<% 398 | BlbId UN esac eis ac 1299. umbrosus .....--.-.- 390 SULPOENe atee aeme a aeate 5 1295, 1296 oMiies: co. 3s2ee ae 394 BTALTA... 2.0.22 s- nas eessn- 1306 versipunctatus eee 394 | aTCUAtUM ..-.2.0----.52-- 1305 a Ce ee ee eee 394 | aurolineatum ........-... 1310 SMIRDOHS sane es tees 394 bonariense....-..---..5.< 1297 Siti: oe 340 brevirostrum ...-.------- 1300 : aaten Meee esti beets 17 hiprete ements ae nee Poe 1299 Gymnotus albus ..........-------.- 340 ATE OE ee inl “hae eee 340 capeuna .--......--.----- 1311 carbonarium..........--- 1300 es eames candimaemla.....- 1200, 1902 1809 jenni Ses So eee 1299 Pp utaol ae ie Ser 341. chrysargyreum ......---- 1308 ba ten 1 aa aia aaa - chrysopteron .....--.---- 1309 Tryzon Peas ei te Oe 84 | ehrysopterum -.-.--.--.-- 1309 sy ae OE la 818 continuum. .-.-..--..---- 1297 Gyrinichthys SS ila ae aaa 2137 | corvineforme....-..c-.e- ~ 1327 N minytremus a rey 2137 GOTSRIGS- oo tos amas eae sence 1303 gyrinops, Cyclopteroides..-.------- 2102 ae ae ape at 1304 gyrinus, Eleotris ee aaa ea ae ee 2201 flaviguttatum PAE SS ws | 1312 Gobiesox ...--.-.--+------ 2331 flavigattatus ...-...----- 1312 Noturus ....-------------- 146 flavolineatum........-..- 1306 Schilbeodes .-.--.--------- 146 Fe ES ee 1305 eee cation ce eeee reer eset ee eee 146 fremebundum....-..--.-- 1297 yropleurodus......-.--.---.------ 20 Spibbosim,.-s22-a= eee 1391 macrostoma.....--.----- 1297 | Half-naked Gobies .--..--.-........ 2231 macrostomum --.-...---- 1295 | Holias -..-..<.22223-2.06seee eee 2502 maculicauda .-....--...-- 1314 marginatus <-.455-22e6---eer 2502 macniosam:. 22220. 3-~-=- 1295, | Halibut >... -.. 0.62 52. noe 2611 margaritiferum --...----- 1312 Arrow-toothed --.......... 2609 mazatlanum..........=.-- 1314 Bastard. ..2--<- tgecur eee 2625 melanurum.....--..--. 1302, 1303 Greenland =; .-43- eee 2611 microphthalmum. .-..--- 1296 Monterey. .--=es5see eee 2625 modestuim. 222252 .24-cs26 1340. | Halibuts,. Bastard =. ==2-2-.eeeeeee 2624 multilineatum.......---. 1304. |\ Halicampus. . «<<< -0>ss. caso one 905 | gunther. 2 e-teees 608 coronatus.-........---- 905 macrochil.--..seanese 610 doraahis....cus..252232.- 902, 906 owen... 2ssc-ssaeeeee « 607 fasciatus 223-220-9222 904 rostratus:2+.2-.-sssee8 609 halec, Clapes 1225400007520 eeae's 26 421 | hamatus, Icelus..2...J-ss0sssseeasee 1913 Index. Page. hamiltoni, Brachioptilon .-..--.-...- 93 Hippoglossoides .....--. 2616 1a) 0 Se aee dc oc aro aac 395, 1157 hamlini, Podothecus.......--.------ 2056 PANINOT-NOAGs nist He )2sase eee eae 181 SRAM ee apr eee = = = 45 hammondi, Percopsis-.-.-.-.-------.--. 784 IMGs sos — sac ces 5 135 Semotilns-—25 2-6-5 52: 222 amd-saiw Wish, 2222-4000. 2. -2---- 596 Exerrerr ee tars oie ote s afelel~ m* alu) Sensi 1199 Heplocheilas::----.\.--2---<52 633, 2827, 2830 Haplochilus aureus .....--..-..---. 659 GHIEVSOLDS 3, aeoe === 654 MOG Glee. Semaine fae seem cnstna 782, 2313 haplognathus, Lepomis .-..--...... 1004 Haploidonotus ...--.-..-........-.. 1483 grunniens.......... 1484 ERED A 5650 55 55-F So cone sos ssncre 622 DISS U0GF - 3S scesSeoecpetesc Gee ce anon 949 | MeO DOH sie cma lem = m/=[0\ncafelalencee Sea 497 han GO TE Se Seep ob eeerDcescear coe 719 Ere MONG Dem e enema ae ee tee ae 208 UE operas TT Oe Be emeer ite ener 921 AMG SUCKOL.- a0 2 nels seman 199 harengoides, Glossodon .....-....-. 413 | HMMen eat oe. 222-28 -0-2222'222-5. 428, 430 | SUBMAPA a oens esc e ken 431 CONG) ECR eee 430 | GL) 2) ES eae ee eed 429, 430 IhumMershs: 2202 <\t543-.- < 431 | TAYOC EES. BES ase e aes 430 macropthalma ....--.... 430 MACHIOBAN.- --.. 52 3226 469 Tisai are aos seis 209 Wh e.d: hj Bectedosao-e Se 818 Querimana...-.......--- 817 DALN Ora ee seeds Bais fae 469 harfordi, Ptychocheilus .-....-.--- 225, 2797 (MeN pPGe on <6 2 san neat in = sin mis 1581 ceruleo-aureus -..-....----- 1583 diplotwnia < 22-2 --4-------=— 1582 eclangherice joe. .ee MAMIRIOS a=. sape~ renee emis 1709 Nerophid ---..eec-n-=-- ae 774 Syngnathus ....--=--+.---- 2839 Ree tOriala= =s~ ete aser sees arene 1138 heermanni, Amphistichus.....----- 1504 TIGIGRCS2--cna-baaeee eee ad 1545, 1546, 1548 INBOLENA) snes see aes ee 1548 multilineatus.............- 1547 IQIBIES =~ seen ease ee eese === <== 1545 Cyaneus.<..~.--.--...---. 1547 EIR LICOlGHHS oo, ne oe a =p oe = 1836 dactylopterus .--.--.-.-. 1837 maderensis..<.......... 1837 HIGNOPERCI == 2n2 soe ee apenas seem 999, 1004 helleri, Cichlasoma-.-....--..-...-- 1521 ILGEGR a See eo ae is 1521 Xiphophorus....----.------- 701, 702 elmichthys = -<---s-=a<—=——=—-—-—- 353 PrelmiChis 2 ae oe am eae ae 353 helolepis, Trachyrincus.......-.--- 2568 BED Se ee te tres ete 103 helvomaculatus, Sebastodes...----- 1808 Hemdurgan .....0.02. ceeccevenssnes 1760 2996 Index. Page. Page. Hemiancistrns, 555.2422 deeeese cee 159 | Hemirhamphus unifasciatus.....-. 720, 721 aspidolepis..-.-..-.. 159 | Hemirhombus.-2--- 2222-2 ssseeeeees 2670 gaucharote........-.- 159 ethalion .... 25.2153 2673 Hemianthias, peruanus...-..--...--- 1222 aramaca..:...-.---<- 2673 VAVAMUS soos sae sane 1223 fimbriatus-.-...-..-..- 2677. Hemiarivs 322: sogs5sese5cee cena 119 fauseus:--is22-seeeues 2686 Hemibranchii; os: 4.4-s2se=see sene—n 741 ocellatus 22--22ensuee 2673 Hemibranchs:.-/-0.e-c47- seeeeee se 741 ovalisic..cAlvece eke 2674 Hemibry con... 23 2/.2025 5 snaseeeeoteee 333 petolus 2eo-eeeeeee 2672 Hemicaranx 32525 s5s2.22-540e0-02 912 soleceformis -.....--- 2672 amblyrhynchus.....-- 912, 2844 | Hemirrhamphus ......----....-.--- 122 atrimanus: + - 2-23 5.2-5: 91352846 | Hemistoma...-.5..-cs.0422sseeeeee 1642 falcatus ........--..-.- 2845 guacamaia ............- 1659 farghiises2a=ssevnees see 014. | Hemitremia:.< A. 226. seeeeeee 228, 230, 242 leucurds)- Sete St 914 bifrenata,... Freeessaeee 259 secundus --....-:..- a 914 heterodon .-.....--...- 261 ZELOES= sca aeeie ees ee 2845 maculata, .. +22 suscesees 259 Hemichetodon . 2. 25-4225. g2a5e ts 1672 Vittata;...3- 2 sseeeeeeee 242 Hemi PODIUE. Saas see ec e eee 2210 | Hemitripterineg .............--..... 1883 Hemigrammns 22228 -2.ss2ssceseees 333 | Hemitripterus .-...------...2.....- 2022 hemigymna, Garmannia-..--.....--- 2233 acadianus ......... 2023 hemigymnus, Argyropelecus..-..-- 604 americanus.......- 2023 Gobius 2-2-5 2- -2 56 oe 2233 cavifrons 33.52-2-5 2023 Hemilepidotaue:|-7is52-2ces es oes 1880 marmoratus ..... 1889, 2022 Hemilepidotus ---....-.-.---.....--. 1934 | Hemitrygon. - .2.2---cus-eos eee 82, 83 IDPS sees oe oe 1936 | hemphillii, Stathmonotus ....-...... 2408 hemilepidotus -..--- 1935 | henlei, Carcharhinus............... 37, 2746 Jordana. sees esa 1934 Carcharias. <2. «s-ss2s50see 37 SPiNosus -2 25-255 1937 | Rhinotriacis.-........-...--- 31 Giles Jo5 5055-5 ee see 1936 | Triacis = -....5-42scase-- eee 31 hemilepidotus, Cottus...........-.. 1936 | henshalli, Fundulus .....--.--..... 653 Hemilepidotus -.-... 1935 Zygonectes.-.-.--.2-2.- 653, 2829 EVGA OU Olean a eee as aoe 156,157 | henshavii, Apocope .---.-....-..--. ; 312 Memioloricariais...2.5.: = teense = 156 | Rhinichthys .......-<.5. 312 Hemioplites simulans .....-..--.... 994 | henshawi, Salmo clarkii..........-- 2819 Hemioplitus:. 3322.25 -esseeteess see 992 MyKiss 22escha-eee 493 HMoemiplis 522 334ssoccesaseodsteae= 249 | ‘hentz, Blennius)-...--- -oaeeeneamee 2390 lacnstrises. tense ae aoe 250 Hypsoblennius....-..2.2..-< 2390 hemiplus, Cyprinus........-...---- 250 | hentzi, Hypsoblennius..-.....-..-.. 2390 Hemirampbhid@: =... .35.2-G.<9se>ee= 718 Isesthes. 3322 Jee oceaee eee 2390 Hemiramphus 2-222. seesees- eee 122) | Hepatus: 22222 2=2.-= see eee 1689 Dale sete cece 723, 2835 | hepatus, Acanthurus ..-........-.- 1692 brasiliensis ....---.- 722 Grammistes...-...s52<..-. 1343 DIOWNE ==. 25.22.22c5 55 723 Teuthis.«1- 532242254 eee 1693 Hemirhamphus fasciatus ..-.-....- 720 | heptacanthus, Cheilodipterus .-.-.-.- 947 filamentosus...-...- 723 heptagonus, Hippocampus.......--. 775, 177 longirostris.......- 724 | Heptatremide .......-....--------- 5 macrochirus....... 723 | Heptranchias maculatus.-....--..-. 18 macrorhynchus. .-. 724 | heraldi, Tetrodon ...........-....-- 1736 marginatus ..-..---- 723 | Herichthys' -..----. 22 - ep eeeeeeeeee 1526 PICATEL ces cease 720 cyanoguttatus........-. 1538 po Sa acele set 723 | hermanni, Sternoptyx........-..-.. 603 poeyi 22-22 2c ees 720 | hermineri, Clinus ....-....-........ 2362 PICNALGL,. Sec eee c ee 720 | herminier, Blennius....--.....-.--- 2362 roberti)}=-¢-2.2: 5 =< 721 | herminiger, Labrisomus -..-...-..-.. 2361 TOM a recs nce ceat 722 | Hermosilla. ..ccussecccacuavesccum aoa Lone Sa a ; a . : —_—s Index. 2997 Page. Page. Hermosilla azurea................ 1383, 1384 | Herpetoichthys, callisoma.......-.-. 384 HVOCYOS). = 2222 sseesses= sosseaeee eee 1526 ocellatus --.--.-... 384 AUN IG Se Sten dee mona e a aa. 1529 | sulcatus ..--.-.--. 382 aliiirois: Sse 7. s+ scat s=aeaee 1538 Herre, Bip-6yed.- 2. “2-5 2-2--5-—- 410, 426 GPU LOR as peat eae 1517 SER sae alee eae 425 SIOUN: 2 ccc sen seems eee eee 1533 . BYaNehses asa eene. a === 426 balteatus 2a. 22225 ss-0 5225-5" 1522 Galifominys-=----—e---< == 5 422 Banilarisssfs222-2s-seee eae 1532 Conmion) 3222-2232 -on2~ 2% 421 REA 22. es ones eo 1538 Walloon 2 conse xc Reese 425 PIANC ADHS =e = seen aa ona ae 1521 Glink: =~ ee S525 = 426 COntVavcnus "25. 25-2 +.scs26=~ 1526 | Great Bear Lake ......... 470 elirine@lus)> 352222325 =0:-= 5 1534 | NOY ee me ee 468 cyanoguttatus..-....-2...-.- 1537 Michigan.-----..-..-.---. 468 AERP no oo sse ose se gates ee 1524 Mountain 35.2232... =2: 463 JOST eee ee ee Lee 1535 Rambo WJ. saeco tee 524 SUL) Lo Renae ae ese a 1531 Round S58 eee 420 BEVEREOUS secon 22s veccnes ss = 1531 IMME = sa cane sae ee sae 426 fenestratus $= -.%. 22-25. 2s<25 1518 di by 1 ae Re ee ee 425 friedrichsthali..........-..-- 1528 SUYGAR eC ose oa eee eae 432 PIDDIGHDR ees S22 --- saeco = 1536 ER GOGINML ~ ayers 22 o sas = 413 PaAcmManNAy 22 522 2a. so wane = 1516 Watl-ayved <0 2 25 2 st Se 426 MIGUEL tas memite ts tos iue aa e ees BDAE | GEYER rene Pee ene ea =e 417, 421 intermedius ~.-.......-.3:...- 1517 | herschelii, Histiophorus ......----.- 892 PPR ER AIG se a5 coat) = sem 1541 | TLetrapturus ..-.-- 2-22. 892 LAE ae Sa a ae 1530 | herschelinus, Liparis..-..-.......-.. 2123 lentiginosus..........-..--.. ib24"| ersbergil, Arine .2. 22. ..222..22.3.- 125 ERO OUIUG =e noes eo sec cee aa 1531 Selenaspis .-.......... 124, 2760 MGR PTMANUG. 0s. 22 eee rssa< ct 1521 RDP emacs eee 125 macracanthus ........--.--.- 1519 Tachysurus...-.......--. 125 maculipinnis -.........-...-. 1529 | Hesperanthias -..........-.....-.-- 1281 managuensis .............--- 1533 | oculatus .....:-..- 1283 MAL LATIVINOL = . 525.0560 220 19204) Heterandria 2. =.= ceeos ees see ee 686 melanopogon -.....--.-------- 1523 | SURI se Sere ee eae 681 MIPLEREUR 2.05 -c 2-0 -2s2---- 1524 TORUIORS ceee bane =- 687, 2831 microphthalmus............. *. 1536 | holbrookt----..-:..+-- 681 HOA Se 1518 | mBeslnGa.cc5232e5 2 687 motaguensis..........-...... 1534 | HODWIS 2279 an toe ane 682 multispinosus.........-.-... 1526 | occidentalis........-. 689, 2833 nicarauguensis ......--.-.-- 1532 ommata.-...-......-- : 664 nigrofasciatus .......--..--.. 1525 Pamrnelia .----~.->-~- 681 OMOMPAN Ss = 2022 Sadan se <2 - 1535 pleurospilus .......-.-. 688 Pony tte ee ee = ee ie ae 1519 uninotata:.....-.-..-. 687 PSVOUAUGH§ acer c~ nas esas = = 1538 Wereioulor.-=-.<.-/--% 688, 2833 DG n lh [ie a ae 1523 | heteroclita, Cobitis .............--. 641 RUC pS oes ee ee 1528 heteroclitus, Fundulus.--.......... 640, 2827 SIGHOMMES ore eck c nae. ae 1517 badius .....- 2827 Syriltirtin Soee stew on e255 ase. 1520 grandis-..... 641 tetracanthus................. 1539 | macrolepido- UPAPT AMUN oc ae on oso an 1529 bh ae 641 Srrmacniatiies----- eh. 2 25s 1529 heterodon, Alburnops....-.......-.. 261 traseheli 25 saat hes oes 1537 Heemulow-- 3-525. 2. 1306 urophihalmus ............... 1537 | Hemitremia ............ 261 HETOS, MEpPOMOuss.s.2-5522-escctcen 1007 EtyHOpSIS5{2---25 052206 261 heros; Lepomis’... 22-22-52 5-.5-.-- 1008 | heterodon, Leuciscus -.-.-..-...... 261 Pomod 225272 eee oe 1007 | INGErOpIs.-2. 26425 52es 2 261 Herpetoichthys ............--...--. 381 | Heterodontidw...................-- 19 Index. 2998 Page. heteroglossus, Gadus ---.---------- 2541 Heterognathi ....--..-....--------- 329 Heterognathus-.--..-...--=--------- 792 heterolepis, Johnius .-------------- 1419 Notropis 2-55 ssa ee a 260 Plagioscion -.-....-..---- 1419 Scistiancessssseee a 1419 HGEGTOML + .2 5 ea tae eee eee 612 Heteroprosopon -.------------------ 2637 heteropy gus, Carangops---.----.----- 913 Caras a ses seer oes 913 Pidterosomatai2es eS b.cseseaeee 782, 2602 Heterostichus23--2 22¢----5 ----=-= 2350 TOSIMALNS Rea enes= 2351 heterura, Clupea ----..--.---------- 416 heterurus, Cypselurus -..--.--------- 2836 | MmOC0StHai 2.2 ao—a ee 735 Glossodone=2--.-5~=---=< 413 hexacanthus, Centrarchus ..--..---- 987 Dipterodon ...-.-..-.-- 1107 hexacornis, Cottus.-.---.---------- 2003 Oncocottus ....---.---- 2002 | Hexagrammide ....-.------------ 1863, 2862 | Hexagrammine®. .-....-.----------- 1864 Hexagrammos.......--------------- 1866 CS) Ub eee ae 1872 decagrammus -.---.- 1867 hexagrammus .-.---- 1872 lagocephalus.....---. 1873 Steller; 22225-65325 1871 superciliosus.....--- 1872 Hexagrammus, decagrammus..-.---- 1875 Tagocephalus -..--. 1875 monopterygius . --. 1866 octogrammus .------ 1869 ordinatus...-...... 1870 Stakes ee anaemic 1867 SCANGE eee seae 1873 hexagrammus, Chirus.-.-...-.....--. 1872 Hexagrammos ..--. 1872 Wabraxi-o-—seesse= 1872 QOzorthus:.-2=. -=.-2 2441 Stichzus..........- 2441 Hexancnidie onctes sone esains se 17 Hexanchus..-.......- Se nee ao 18 COLMMS eos sepa Sess e 18 PTISCUB So oes Secedewae ses 19 Hexanematichthys.....--. 119, 121, 128, 2772 assimilis.--..... 129 ecerulescens .... 129 dasycephalus 130 felis = ae pa eee =e a 128 guatemalensis. . 129 hymenorhinus. - 125 jordani. >. --2--- 129 longicephalus - 130 Page Hexanematichthys phrygiatus-...- 130 rugispinis ---... 130 seemani.-...---. 128 surinamensis -- 129 hians, Athlennes.-:-=.-....22--225-% 718 Belone.2- 2 <2 S45 ne see 718 Hemulon: . 22 225<<25-eesseeee 1304 Myctophum - ..-....-.22:225. 572 SATIS. co ncaaane eee eee eee 125 Tylosurus:-2s26 5 -os—.eeeeeee 718 aaiols 2202554 45. hee 1577 gardeniana .....sccssaseace 1578 hiatula); ==: 32-25 seaseeeeee 1579 onitis<--22:25.8c-5=-eeeeee 1579 hiatula, Hiatula:.--2--2.2ca0 see 1579 LabruS:. 2<25>..24--peeeeeee 1578 Hickory Shad)\—--p-0 >see. eee 416, 425 hieroglyphicus, Fundulus.--..-..-- 658 Zygonectes ....-... 658 Hilgendorfia -----. Ree a 2139, 2140, 2144 hithianns, Exocwtussso222-22se-neee 729 Spinax...-2-s52see- oes 55 Himantolophing..---2. i= seen 2728 Himantolophus ..----...72..-....- 2732 greenlandicus..-.-.- 2733 reinhardti .-......- 2733 himantophorus, Callionymus-...-.. 2186 | Himantora. .2e2<2< sone eeeeeeee 82 Hind, Brown. = <<. 5-sc-seesteonsseae 1142 Ree os 525 5.6s se esean eee 1141, 1158 ROCK). 5255 55--s cueaapes ee Fi 1152 Speckled: 222... <-s2staueasunm 1159 | hinnulus, Squalus). os ossoes 29 Hiodon. =... 2235225 33223- oe eee 412, 413 alosoides 2-5. 21cb2¢2 4-2 -=e= 413 clodalus 2: 5-252525-9-5sses— 413 SClGNOPS. =~ -=25- Sees 414 bOLPISUSs 23.25 o<6 oe 413 Hiodontida so-so eee 412 Hipohomus spilotus. - -.- tase eters 1043 hippe, Balistes ..---- 222-222-252. -== 1705 Hippocampin®». 2 222250. 92 —seeeoes 761 Hippocampus <.--52 52225 -=eess== 775 antiquorum .....-... 776 antiquus --.-.-:--2.2 776 brevirostris -.....--- 776 fascicularis....-..... 7 eracihsis-.)ssssseee 777 guttatus......-.....- 776 guttulatus .-....---- - 778 heptagonus.-....-.-.. 775, 777 hippocampus ....-.-.-. 775 hudsonius .....------ 777 INGeENS: -.- s+ .eemee 776 kuda. is. -s225..250ee 778 levicaudatus ......-- 717 Index. Hippocampus longirostris..-....-... MAN Ginaiss 52.52. punctulatus .-....-.. Eig 200) oes ee VAY) 12) i 2 ee a hippocampus, Hippocampus ...---- Syngnathus........- Hippocephalus........-- oeetee 3 JApPGHICUS 2222 252-56 superciliosus.-..-..- PEN POCIORSIN Broa. cece et S223 Ss ct bollmanis<-.2eses 22 MACTOPS soc~ acme et stomataq oscars 2 22e PPO CLONSINGS <2 5.52% S2- oS oens os Ep pOPlOsspides~......= 25 s+ ===. .20.28 dentatus .-£6-2- =: elassodon ........- Pah ae ee ae hamiltoni ......... JORGanbia ss coc. ote limantas <2 22.35 limandoides-...-.... melanostictus . --. - platessoides .---.-- TODUSbUS! =. -/52---- hippoglossoides, Platysomatichthys Pleuronectes....-- Reinbardtius ---.. CON CDT 0) 1: 0 io os eo ar americanus -......... brasiliensis.-........ californicus -.....--.. PUMA CaN oF else = groenlandicus ....... hippoglossus .....--. interme diug:: 2... 2... WARWNUS:.----- cass. ocellatnis >=. .22. 2. PUN PUIG caso a 2 aus os PONMeIeue. a. «ot VIMO SIAR co + owsx on hippoglossus, Hippoglossus .-..-.-- -- Pleuronectes ..-...-.. hippops, Campostoma .....-......-. REppos, Caraneus<2-<- $22. noes s Caran: 2 Seseennesct 55-22 - MCOM NOG a ee ectat. artoiae.c hippuroides, Lepimphis ..---...-.--.-. hippurus, Coryphena .....--....... hirudo, Ichthyomyzon ....-.-.-.-.. hirundinaceus, Squalus ..----.-...- PIPAN GOS. = )<<.3 oe oad o co cess P Acanthurus.---¢-4.--<. 25-2 ACZUPIN A). 2 se = eS acecee Cottos 22523. 35st 920, 923 908, 920 | 952 Page. hirundo, Leiocottus................ 2011 ELispanw, Senrana- <0 ee easeeee es. 1488 |Zhispanis; S6rban aan -2ee seeeee eee: os. 1489 Hispaniscus_.-2-2-.--- 25552 1765, 1776, 1813 hispanum, Plectropoma .......-.--- 1140 | hispanus, Gonioplectrus.-3..-...-.. 1140 hispidus,.Balisies ...--:232.<<---=2- 1716 @attos. 2. aeeee sence os 2023 Monacanthus.....- eiemcmics 1715 (ECtLOU OD! 52-855 sens aesesse 1733 ELIStIODLaN CAN, os 2. we eee ae 351 bathybius .-.....-- 352 infernalis: 5--25.<-- 352 Pistiodothus. 0157-1 eee ws 2018 Dilebus:. 5 ies ates sane 2018 Mistiophorage-: .-.- =: a:tiseee sss se 890 | americammaycee2s .... 891 Daloned- S23. de2 20.2 <2 892 brevirostris .......... 892 HELSChOuM ise et se 892 pulcheilus...........- 891 IBLINOms Sooo ccc op a ete 2717 | histrio, Antennarius ..........--. 2716, 2723 Etheostoma (Ulocentra). --. 1051 GoBlosoma). os. 452 s=be- Lees 2860 Holacatthua'222.-.0- eee: 1682, 1729, 2859 CU arIsees ee oe soeeee = 1685 elarionensis ...-.- : 1683 COLPRMUNS soon sks5.5- sc 1685 fORMNpUS ote ane e 1685 LO OO CS Soe ee eee 1687 leionothos ..........--. 1735 melanothus ........... 1728 DRSSGP 4s eames ons 1682 strigatus -5--<2--..=--- 1683 irieolora.t-. same so ee 1684 holacanthus, Diodon......-......... 1746 Ostracion oblongus. --. 1746 Holanthias martinicensis ........-. 1228 holbolli. Ceratias ........-- So 2729 | holbrooki, Acipenser ...........-..- 105 Aduteras). 2243/2035 225-2 1718 Echeneis .......... = 2270 3000 Index, Page. Page. holbrooki, Eupomotis. - -.-- OE ASAe 1008 | Holocentrus tigrinus.-.----..-...--- 1214 Gambusiac: 2.5 acueee. =e 681 unicolors.=-seoe-5---e 1192 Heterandyis - 5-5 -j.2-ce= = 681 vexillarius -=--<-.-22s. 852 Ophidion: 2-2. -=--s-2=--- 2487 | Holocephali . .. ..< «2 s.2sneese=pee eee 93 QOphidium: 52st-2s--4.-- ese 2488 | holocyaneos, Scarus.--..---..---.--- 1654 Pomotis:22s-364e-ese- 8 1008 | Hololepis barratti........---......- 1102 holbrookii, Diplodus ..-.---.---.--- 1362 erochrons: <-c2e=s5-=eaeeeeee 1526 COPURCUNe ses aes onmes = 851 | hopliticus, Paricelinus.....-.------ 1886 PIDPOSUS Ss >- cee = === 1319 | hoplomystax, Sparisoma..-.-.---.--- 1632 gulotss.42.6-5>- ---- << 1139 | Hoplopagring....--..2.525 25-52-22. 1242 marianus..---.----=.- 852, 2842 | Hoplopagrus:=-.--- 22 222-useeegenee 1244 MGLOU ceees eee eee = 1154 | puntheri.-~s2--se=-ee 1244 ONGOIUB ees tore eeiae=- ie 853: | Hoplostethus'=-=22-c-2tosee eee 837 pentacanthus ...-..--- 849 | japonicus.<=.=..5-2-6 837 punctatus se ea -n8 1153 | mediterraneus ...-.-- 837 TOStLAGN Se sae een ee 849 Hoplannis:-<2.5 5. feces 361 sancti-panli..........- 853 diomedianus .........--- 361 sanguineus........---- 1761 Schmid til! S-Series eee 361 siccifer 2-5 -seeeneee 849 | Horned: Dace:.-..222-5--2e.esneseRe 222 PO 2s a A ying Re 849 Pout. ..:t-act"seneemewoeeees 135, 140 striatos.i2.seseeeee ee 849 | Horny Cony.--.<--<.. =... 2-2: 269 Huvialitierc=s5-. 2. 215 humboldti, Atherinichthys..-.-...-- 793 Ray sone seee eee ea 214 Eigenmannia .......--..- 341 melanops .....--..---. 216 Gasteropelecus ........-. 572 nigroteniata .--..... 214 WHSUGISUHA Steen ee eee = =e 236 mula Sa-ase eens 215 Myctophum .-..........-. 571 muchallisi--os-eces=-- 213 Scapeltts= coe. vets. 572, 577 GHIMEFINUS) =. 5 c>5 55-2 213 SURE OS 5 ePaper sere 237 perspicuus ......---- 218 Sternopygus.........-.- 341 PIACIIUS) 431 volucellus 22.2)--5-.: 263 Gobiesox: 236 254. essa ap EV DODSIS seaccsee. eee eee 314, 315, 319 Marenpula).-.-.5--22s--- 431 SSSLLY SNS) 2-5. eee see 316 MHA Tee Bo~scacae eens 1596 marconis..-...- 316 Leiostomus)...<2-<.--5--s 1459 PALI ice metas ain manne eee oe 321 Oligocephalus..-.......-. 1097 SMB DS = =a ee eae 320 Paralabrax ........-.. 1196, 1197 bifrenatus ..............- 259 3030 Tit 3002 Index. Page Page Hybopsis bivittatus ..-...-.--..--- 233 | Hydrargyra multifasciata ......... 645 chalypeus: -2reeeeasse=- 288 : nigrofasciata.......... 641 ChiitiCuUs -<.=...esssa5e2 287 ormmata.. =< s2s-ceese eee 2827 chlorocephalus ..-.-----.- 286 similisy..2 eee 639 chrosomus 2225. 55-5-.-22° 288 swamnpina \...7.S22eeee 641, 645 CUMINPTO.- = = set Se ee 318 trifasciata .........5.- 639 dissimilis: 222-2 = 2S222 318 | vermalis. 2. 2-3-5 eee 639 dOrsalis=—---3>-o--eeee ee 262 | ZODIG =. oeeeee cea 647 | frotensis: 5.22.22 ee. 2 261 | Hydrolagus<_-22.---- 3222 -eeeee 95 wolidus c- -se eee 316, 317 | colliei .<-<- eee eons 95 STACKS’ P52 ery eS 321°) Hydrophiox: -.s2.22-2- sce eeeee 254, 257, 284 hematurus .......--.---- 218 | chrosomus <-...2----25 288 heterodoen"=:2:*- 2.2 261 lutipinnis -.......-2.-. 287 hudsonins <2 ashe 269 rubricroceus .......-... 286 hyostomtus: -22.28.522227 316 hydrophlox, Clinostomus .....-..... 238 | hypsinotus ---------..--- 320 Lenciscus...---.--+--. 238 kentuckiensis -.......--. 322 Squalius --.---.---.-.. 238 lahbrosus’ /3. ee 319 | hygomii, Myctophum ..-..........-- 573 lacertosus ...2..-:------ 284 Scopelus ------5---- == 578 longicéps =<... +----222-2- 264 | Hylomyzon ~----.-----=-2-2=-seee= 173 MesKick. ck eee 317 | Nigni¢ang:= -2--- -< 262 : : VOrMalis 2675-2520 413 tetranemus 2S 2.t 25-525 25. 315 - i = ,, | Hyoganoidea..+..+-<. -2 0-2. oe eneee 98 timpanogensis ee S25 sno 233 Hyostoma -s2--s----.- eee 1052 gocher sags = blennioperca ...-..------ 1053 volucellis 0222-.<2-t..- == 218 | Hypenetis..-....-s.s5osceese eee 858 HABE SUE Soe 3552 5C 218 | Hiyperishius.--- 2.2.6: some oe 986 siderius ..22--.---- 314 | carolinensise 2c eee 988 7 superciliosus ......- 218 |_Hyperonrtii --2.2:-.--cosaeeeeeee 8 tenellus ..-.---.---- 218 | Hyperotreti...3.----+-.-s.-eeeeee 5 Hydrargira......------------------- 632 | Hyperprosopon ..-.-..-.-- peas eat 1501 he atricands)/323252-5 o35-- 624 agassizi ..........- 1502 Hydrargyra diaphana.............. 645 aridlis) cen ee 1501 TOMMOSA wo- 22 eee 2827 arcuatum..-......-- 1502 DUB OR as a anette nace 624 | BYCcustus.Wa~-- sce 1502 limi .....--.--..--.---. 624 argenteum..-.-...-. 1502 TUG@ID Saeed sae ee oes 655 puncta- Index. 3003 Page. Page. Hyperprosopon argenteus .--.--- 1501, 1502 | Hypoplectrus unicolor primivarius 1192 Hypilepis cornutus cerasinus.-.-..- 283 puella .....- 1192 iypentelinm’.-<-- S22. -2<---= 5.4 178, 174, 181 vitulinus --- 1192 macropterum -...---- 181 | hypoplectus, Bathymaster ..-.-.---- 2290 Eeyperchoristus -.--..=.--=--------- bo! | ey pophites= << 22... - =e ee === = 1247 : fanNTiOEW =. 22-2 —s55- 580) PR pPOUMOlon asses apace ase 41 Hyphalonedrus ..-.--2--1-2e-<=---- 541 brevirostris.<--=--%<-=-- 41 chalybeius-...----- 542 longirostris-..-.--------- 4] Hypleurochilus --.--...--. eeseeeae 2385 signatus..-.--.. PE eoorae 41 geminatus .--.----- 2385) Eeypoprionodon - 2. ---s--nc er ann - 41 muliifilis: .<.22.<- Papas is bvygite diesen. nt. eee ee neeeer seer 7 punctatus....---.--- 2390 TODOEU == aa =e 721 Hypocaranx...--..----.------------ 927 j TOSHe ee eee eee ea 721 Hoypeclydonia.-.--..<.----------==-- 1115 . tricuspidatus...-.- 720 [yee Sener cmec see 1115 unifasciatus --....-- 720 Hypocritichthys --.-.------.------- 1500 | Hyporthodus .--.-..-...-..-..-.---. 1148 AMI BIS =e c es 1500, 1501 | flavicauda <-<--..-=-. 1156 SEGA IR eee ete niele is mn = = 915, 2848 | Hyposerranus...-......--.--------- 1148 PIAUCUS eee ee toe == 2348 | Hypostoming-..........--..-2--...- 156 hypodus, Decapterus .-....--------- 908 | Hypostomnus gaucharote ..-.--.---.- 159 Hypogymnogobius ---.-.--.-------- 2210 | hypostomus, Aodon ....-......----- 92 Eypohomus.--..-.-.---..-------- 1039, 1040 Cephalopterus.....--- 92 gurantiacus -.--.-2.<.-- 1040 | Hiypsagonng es... nsap se pie cacas s0= 2038 cymatotenia .......--- 1041 PYMMIGUS = n4-->“enceno 2041 Ri AROS sae etna 1042 | quadricornis ---..--. 2038, 2041 squamatus ....-.....-- 1040 SWS oneview seems <== 2088 Eis POMMOSUS eae ae en a en = 524 | hypseloptera, Cliola .-..-..-..-..... 280 OHANS beh oseroa sere 525, 2824 | hypselopterus, Leuciscus ---.------ 280 MLOHOSUS) 2-4 ctsee on = > 525 Notrepis=...~ 0650s. 280 hypophthalmus, Arius .--..----.--. 133 hypselurus, Pimelodus -...--.-.-.--- 152 Cathorops ....---- 133, 2798 BUDA a se See oie 152 hypoplecta, Rathbunella .--...----- 9990 | Hy psicometes: ---------.--»-sta<20s= 2293 Ene plOALP IS) 25a ce acnae= == 2-=e <= 1187 | goboides..--......-.- 2294 accensuSs....-.------- TIRES Dp RIRHNO oe ee ceo oon eae eer 474, 477, 481 COT: ee ee ae 1193 Rennen yl so. op abiesnee 483 POVINES 230.2. 8as-84- 1193 | Hypsilepis ardens..........-...-..-. 301 GHIQEUEUH)~a222soc5 c= 1193 | COCCOBENAG ~- 2a ssacnex 285 erocotus --...--...... 1192 | COTNUES so csene eae eee 283 POmMAL ces - sono = 1193 j cyaneus -..... 283 gummigutta .......-- 1192 | gibbus).--~-- - 283 guttavarius ......-.. 1192 diplmmia--=.---.-.--.-- 300 niet b crepes See eae 1193 galacpurus -<--.---=--.6- 279 Ia pOOTns 3255455 1190 YS a esas aot lel 272 maculiferus- --...---- 1192 kentuckiensis--.-.--.-.- 279 puella) 22225-2525: 1192 | Hypsinotus --..--...-.--.-.--.-.----- 1664 THMEGLOT. sce ond 1190, 1192 TODOSCENE £2 5-5 402em—- 1665 aberrans.... 1193 hypsinotus, Ceratichthys ---.------- 320 accensus --- 1193 | RV NOpAISe= pene 320 EINE. oes 1193 | Hypsoblennius.-......------.-.----- 2386 bovinus .... 1193 | brevipinnis .....--- 2390 ehlorurus. .. 1192 gentilis----..---.--- 2387 crocotus.-.- 1192 Plperhiae sess ena 2386 gummigutta 1192 Lit ae en ee 2390 guttavarius 1192 PIONS hea 2390 indigo ...-.- 1193 ionthas.-:--..------- 2388 nigricans -. - 1193 striatus ..........- 2388, 2392 3004 Index. Page. | Page. Ey psolepis- 222. sho 5.24 Sli sn secees 254 Icichthys lockingtonii ............. 969 Ey psepstttac s+. 2 fe-. 92 - cee esse 2639 | icistia, Bairdiella ..-.-......-...---- 1435 Ey PSUEUS 22 ete on Osco ane 1508 | C1008) eee 1436 CARYL <.5 [sehen see 1508,1509 } Teosteidée .22.-2 Jo.2 Soe ose eee 968, 2849 Hy psy pops: <225f2.5652 5356055008" 1564 | Teosteine !.c... 5.22... essn eee 969 dorsalip.s 42322502602 1570} Teosteus. 222 - f.-. =... dastieeecel eee 972 rubicundus .-.--..--- 1564, 1565 snigmaticus .2..---.ssseee 972 Hysterocarpin® .-.....--.---------- 1494 | ictalops, Cottus .---.2-2-.c2-2ne.cee 1950 yster0carpusis-----s4>--s=-e=2-~ = 1495 Pegedictis .......... sates 1951 traGkihs asecneenee == 1895 TOpUS << <2 cence ae 137 quadriseriatus ..----.----- 1897 macaskeyi .--. << s2st2ase~ 138 Strabo, << 4os- 55 se scene 1897, 2862 meridionalis .....4..-.2--.- 135 TQINUIS coio ose seem eeaaaee ae 1894 NIGVicaNS == .< nape 3 137 Reolusjs-cstesne sete pea eee 1911 niveiventris ._--27--5=4= 138 BUBEEANIS $223 aan seme ee 1918 okeechobeensis .--...-..- 139 DICOMNIS 2. 2.2 ose ee 1911 ponderosus = - .---222- 12 s- 1914 cyprinella:._-. => aeeeee 163 uncinatas +. 522.522: 28-tesoe, 1906 meridionalis.<22-2-2-5-e==5 164 WIGAN: Sao oon eee eee ae 1916 ULOS (oe mee oa 164 Ichthelurus punctatus...-..-....-- 135 Vvelifer:c- 3. s oe a eae ees 999.) Tdiacanthidie-2->----52-aee eee 604 erythrops -.---------.---- 990 | Idiacanthus ---.-- --- 2: 2,25 oeecmae 605 megalotis.s----- 3-5 ------ 1003 antrostomus -..-...-..- 605 melanOps.:. s2.- 525-2552 996 POLOX Soca p ee eee 605 ichtheloides, Lepomis~.-----.--..--: 990.| Idol, Moorish *=-. 2:-S222ee seen eee 1687 RGHERVADON sacs meee ea eee S74. | WU CtS Soe ome let * 142 selachops --2---.5.-.--- 374.) Disha tose 2. soe. eee eee 435 ichthycallus(==st2eos---eer==se ae a= 1587 bleekeriana.---..-..--.--.-.- 426 dimidiatus..-........-. 1594 fia vipiminis 2 <-2 ooeaene eee 435 Kelith yobus':-220..2-sese- eee 163 | forth. 522. <2 dose eee 436 pubalus 2. - 2 ce seeame es 164 panamensis .<---<2-.2-eeee= 436. 2811 cyanellus=ss-ceseees 164 | illecebrosus, Alburnops ----...----- 269 Tehthyomy,zon:-- 2 >.-aeensa= sees ne 10 | Notropis:;.2-—---—eers 268 argenteus ..-..-..-. 11 | Stellifer-_22 2a. seeesees 1442 SSUONL = a ocala eee 12)| Tlyophids.:-.-.-- 2-2-6. 2e-se=s—= 349 castaneus ---..-.--- 11 | llyophis ...------------------------- 349 Ichthyomyzon concolor. .-..---.-.-- 11 ; Drunneus =-5-.2-6--senee ee 350 hirnd oft sense. o>. 11} Dypnns <2. occ 2c. 5 a5. anes 2253 tridentatus.-........ 12 | filberti<..2-. <5. cun eee 2253 Teichtitys 2:25. ho soee ceeeaee ete 969 | imberbe, Peristedion -....-..------- 2182 Index. Page. imberbi, Ophidium -..---..--------- 2443 imberbis, Apogon .----------------- 1107 Mins ase ites <5 1107 Serena sess eee nee =e = 1454 Walstenlus] 22-0=------- =< 2181 imiceps, Ophioscion .-..------------- 1451 Soisena ss ¢sss 75-252 -e Ses == 1451 immaculata, Amia..----.------------ 411 Coryphzena -.--------. 953 Fistularia--.---..----- 758 LEGGE eRe RE eHo® = ee 1135 Unibranchapertura -.- 342 immaculatum, Cybium -.----------- 876 mmacniatus, HSOX=.--.----)205:.-- 630 masquinongy --- 630 Lucius masquinongy - 630 HalwMor 222-2 soe se ee 507 Symbranchus -...-.--- 342 Dn ayn ee ee a 1044, 1046 ShwMerdigs. sea eae 1047 imperator, Tetrapterus.-.---------.- 892 DOGO TES ee SY See ne ese 892 Imperial, Serran ..----.------.--.-- 1837 imperialis, Coryphwena -.----.-.----- 952 JIN Rep ee Se opt atts 717 Sebastes -—.--- s--.---- 1837, 1838 ERTaGHUTUS jsesss-— eens 927 AL ST hee See os eae ae 955 impetiginosus, Serranus.-.---.----- 1153 MpLessus, Conger’... -------..-- 356 inequilabiatus, Carapus ...-.....-. 341 inzequilobus, Lencosomus ----.-.--- 224 Pogonichthys -.....-- 224 Tg PONS yh fir ly eae eee 4 813 incisor, Pimelepterus...-...----.----- 1386 JERE ET pane Spe et ace 8 1005 UI IGIT ibe 35 eae eae Se arene 473, 474 inconstans; Hucalia -...-..52:5-.... 744 cayuga -..-.... 744 pygmea...-..- 744 Gasterosteus........... 744 incrassatus, Leucosomus..--.------- 222 INCHEVUE; MODOLeS: 6.225 -2-~-5.-.- 1236 indefatigabile, Otophidium..-.-...... 2490 Lips ES DCO) ST eas as a ee 322 | WISH eee a tees we nai 1680 indicus, Chanos:.-2 22 -225.2 SSeS oe 415 Cotinss=22en. 5+ ooo = oon 2092 | CUDICODS ease a eee ss 951 INSUGrSRGS < 2-5 2e5- 5 eee 2 a 900 Vetrapterus..**-:-=-.2-2-.= 892 mdigenu, Clupesss—.: +=" a-----2- ss 428 indigo, Hypoplectrus --..-......--. 1193 | unicolor -.-.. 1193 | ‘Plectropoms:+-2..-c2-+=22- 1193 IMGT ee oesse one aes sao sae 1365 Page. IMGEMIA Wiibatal soe neonates = ee 1366 inermis, Anoplagonus..-.....------- 2094 Aspidophoroides. -- - - Seite 2093 Dermatolepis-.------.:.---. 1167 OS ese ease een = 410 Epinephelus ......-....--- 1168 EO percaiss seo se eee oe 1168 nijanuss -2. see sae 1275 Mesoprion .....-- Ee a ate 1275 OSURACIONN = 2 oar ee 2 1723 Rabirubia.------=---.----- 1274 Raia inornata ...-..--.---- 73 MCOBP Colter. dats =e aaa a= 5 1853 Sebastes ..--------.s.>---- 1829 Sebastodes-------.--.----- 1829 DOLTANUS, <2 202 <5 ees sae 1168 imians, A:vocethina..-....2.-s25-+= <5 367 GambOsia) si. 2. n ese ee 680 INGMICHEYS = --~----5242-==- 368 infernalis, Histiobranchus .-.-.-..-.-. 352 eu Nini ei LE ee ere ats ee BO 396 Synaphobranchus -.----- 352 infirmus, Novacnlichthys -..-....--- 1616 SOyMIC MN YS = aecen sam es a 1616 Ions GMNeUOA=-- en nsoe ane 2419 Hippocampus ..-.---.------ 776 HOVERS eee se ter eer ea eee 1619 MUNCICONPUS.2- 2-22-55 ~~ 1620 NAVE EADN tes ate oe ae ie rete eee 530 FATHOM SOO ania oe ans ra i ate 382 innominatus, Girardinichthys -.--- 666 inops, Antennarius ---..-...--....- 2718 WNGPRObiyesa sae os ace e eee eas ene 2641 TBO Ihe oe = ete 2641 inornata, Lota.......--.---.-.---.-. 2551 DC ee Sek ee 73 Rajeence sce. eee eae 73 inornatus, Apodichthys--...--.----. 2412 Chorinemus ..---.------- 899 Cryptacanthodes..-.-.-.-. 2443 Microlepidotus. --...-..--- 1341 Olizophies=---s---.--2-- 899 Orthopristis’-2-=.2-2-.- 1342 Pseudoyulis, = s52s.222-2-< 1604 inseripta, Solea:=-..---2-.5-.-.---- 2696 inscriptum, Etheostoma -..---...--. 1072 Nanostoma ---.----.---. 1072 inscriptus, Achirus...-...----.---- 2696 Nothonotus -..-.-...-.. 1072 SPONGES = ea oe 1003 insculpata, Netuma.....-:-.------ 127, 2765 INSCUI PHS, ATIUS:./-25=-\.0e==— sian 127 insculptus, Gasterosteus.--..------ 750 Luciocharax ..---.----.- 339 insigne, Pimelodus:..------.-.--.-. 147 insignis, Catostomus-.--.---.------- 180 3006 Index. Page. Page. insignis, Noturus ...--.------------ 147 IGplOsSUB\=--2--s5=--=-~ ==s es eee 2192 Schilbeodes --....-.-..--. 147 Galliurué:=..<..cssce eee 2193 insociabilis, Dorosoma ..----..----- 416 ionthas, Cerdale..4.+ 2. s..sssaeeeeee 2449 insolatus, Chromis .......----.----- 1548 Hypsoblennius......------ 2388 Heliases .-..-.----.------ 1548 Isesthes 22% 4-sen- antes 2389 insule-sanct#-crucis, Scarus-.----- 1651 | ios, Clevelandia.....-----.--------- 2254 insularum, Atherina.----- ee 807 Gobiosomia :.-= 222-2222 2255 Atherinops-..-..-------- 807 |. Totichthys /o:s..----1. eee 228, 231, 243 Murzna.-:.--------.---- 400 | iowa, Etheostoma.......---------- 1083 Netuma ...-.-------.-.- 2770) | Tpnopids 02. <.nc eee eee 546 integripinnis, Auchenopterus..----- 2372.-| Tpnops ce s-ceceass 1177 Zy gonectessas2s2 4-22... 652 Eslopsarun) -. =~. J2sceeceee 2840 SOnKINGIA)- cos ae se eee tee eee 418 Etheostoma -.......------ 1079, 1080 acuminata. ...222 2222225. 419 Galeichthys-.----a2eseum. 2774 lam protzenia: - 225552. -222 419 Hemilepidotus.......-..--- 1934 stoliferacass sees oeee eas 419 Hexanematichthys ---...-- 129 Jenny, oilver’s ¢/2222ca52e5-- 8500 22 1370 Hippoglossoides....-..---- 2614 JOLker: 22252 5-5255- Gao oBaleeeas 322 Mycteroperca <-=2222-5-2s- 1176 Jerusalem Haddock........--.-.--- 954 Neomenis:2.22522--==== 58 1251 jessie, Etheostoma .............--- 1084 Notropis ..2<22=23-ssaeeeeaeeee 821 Jonn Ay Grindle +=.25-'-25.22cdee. 113 | joyneri, Sebastodes .-........-.-.-- 1829 Lift ace SeceCoce ans accence 1659 | Juba, Guatucupa.....-----......-.- 1323 3 Mariggle =o. 2--- oer eee 410 POlCa 225 -=3-.-bemeeneeeee 1593 Mollienisia ....224222eeee 2 699 gillianus)..-=2+¢.252epeeeee ee 1610 Siphostoma. --..-- desea, sae 768 humeralis......-.- See 1596 Synenathusess.t es eee 2 768 internasalis. =... .Jo..5e eee - 1594 J OP MtON s 3s .e asc eerste aoe 1341 lncasanus... . -susnviece eeu 1607, 1608 Index Page. | Julis maculipinna.............----- 1595 melanoGh.--.\-saceseuen ~~~ 1609 THOGESENS ooo. ce eee Jame ace ~-= 1601 C11 710 Eee Soe ee eee 1608 WIMCISSIMNS ~ ove as~ sec es- 6-5 one 1608 Gps aera se =e eae o> 1591 Patatus-.o- <2 2c. 55a e oon 1591 PIGHIEE Ss sareeee =e = 1600 PEGI INES to aco cae sUeavences 1591 PRHASCONUS 22 -. <2 ooo coe - 1597 REMUMGIOUUB- = 222-5 s22s2-neeee a 1593 _ Jumping Mullet..........-.---..--- 197 PINGEFOOKS 72 ~5>~ 22-22. -2e sees n- 197 June Sucker of Utah Lake-.-.-..-.--- 183 Dl ee Se eee ere 899, 921, 923 PREEVUUANONS 5205-5 see6s-scesese= 1142 OS ee a ee 1976 Kamchatka Salmon Trout. -..-.----- 2818 kamloops, Salmo gairdneri.--..-.---- 499 Kamloops Trout.....---..--.- toes 499 Kanawha, Notropis. --...-.--.------- 264 kans», Fundulus -...-<.---.--s.--- 2828 karrak, Anarrhichas.-...-.-.....---- 2446 Kathotostoma...--.---.---se- 2822 MNPSRET RI EMER Se orn a nee ee ei ett 1834 evaell sos esens esas ee eee ae 426 | Kyphoside -.-...-.----------------- 1380 PSC pnORNI Sy -oo-=- === eae 1381 ey WHOS eae eee ee 1384 snalopunes soos ---ae=== 1385 Co) Tac 1h RE 1387 INGIROE 3-2 35e beat cake 1386 luteseens ---.-..-2<<-<2: 1388 oy Ug eee Se 1390 Sectabrix.s.5. 6555 -peeees 1387 Eabeo elogans-—---5- = cocoa enone 186 3010 bidex. Page. Page. Labeo esopus .----------- Pe eS 186 | Labrosomus microlepidotus --....-. 2364 longatus ........- Baoan oo - 186 pectinifer -..-=5-22s-e6 2362 labialis, Fondulus ...-.....-..2--.- 644 Xan, s. 2 2.e- eee 2363 labiatus, Catostomus.--.------.---.- 177 | labrosus, Blennins -.~. +2. -2222-eme= 2457 h 12 Uh 0 1) Wee eerie tas 1530 Ceratichthys -...-..2.<-5: 319 apichthys 2s22---+-----.28-e coe 368 Hy bopsis: .2-- 2.22 sae 319 oarinatns! 222 32e-- een 368 DOALCES, 2 2.5 a='eeeae eee 2457 elongatus 22/225 > 2-25 369, 2802 | Labrus adspersus .----.-.--...--.-. 1577 Pillipes ences se ce eee 368 americanus .-----5<--ss-es" 1579 Tia biGGsthes ee. oe - nope eee nea nae 805 BDCDs Sec cn esse nne. eee 1586 Sy DUET Weep aris Soe 805 SULITUS -. 26o.s, 57 -eeeeee 1001 LabLACOPSiS|s22==a662 sate ne 1135 bifasciatus ....--..-----...- 1609 labradoricus, Acanthocottus --..---- 2001 bivittatus «2222.62 5-n meee 1596 Coregonus..---------- 466 blackfish:- =. -}.27-2-euseers 1578 Gottns) ee eer nse 2004 brasiliensis :-23.-)beeeeeeeee 1591 Oncocottus -..-------- 2004 capite obtuso...-....--....- 1609 TUR raKe ere e ute eas eee 1866, 2840 carolinus: ..ss5--529s-eeeee 1578 AIDIGUB. whee coarse eceee eta 1132 chogset ..... :--¢-veece eee 1577 americanus..---..---------- 1135 fulva): case se eee 1577 Clathyrabus\.-----\<<2-—e>see== 1198 chromis }\..2./2e6-22seeepees 1483 decagrammus ..-.---------- 1868 OLOMIG ..- 25 ..-.- 5-5 ee eee 1483 hexagrammus..-.---------- 1872 cruentatus, ....= eee eet 2360 radiata... -c 024 -esaeeeee 1591 biguttatus .....-...-.. 2360 rostro reflexo- 2-9-2 2 2ce.pee 1677 bueciferas,=.-2 -5-- 2- 2363 rofas=< - 3.222553 e eee 1583 capillatus 2.-320-.52ss 2362 Sulmoides\:.scs-cb nese ees 1012 delalandi:.3.2=2-295-4 2350 semiraber. 3 5oeae eee eee 1583 herminiger........--.- 2361 sparoides: .- ..-d2520-- asa 987 microlepidotus. --..--- 2363 squeteague....---...-.-.. 1407, 1409 nuchipinnis........-.- 2362 , striatus 22222 sooo eee 1200 Santis 2-5 ts as < 2362 subfascus,-~ 2.505 eee 1578 Labroid Wishes. ...-.-.-------2-.--- 1571 taulOgS, 5.252. oe ae 1579 Labropercas.225- «eseecmitae erawees 1148 alia: 225 eee ees 1579 Labrosomus. ---- Gree ee eo nooee & 2360 fuseaivet. nesses 1579 cremnobates....-.----- 2366 rabens: 22625 2eeee 1579 macrocephalus .......- 2364 tessellatns)..2 72.25.2320 1578 Index. Labrus torquatus ......-.---------- 1609 versicolor ..-.---.---------- 1346 Lac de Marbre Trout ...-....------- 515 lacera, Lagochila.....-.------------ 199 Quassilabia-.....------------ 199 lacerta, Lampanyctus ---.---------- 560 Myctophum.....----------- 560 Synodus -..-..------------- 537 lacertinus, Synodus ....------------ 536 WAGeTiON = 22 -2etaseteese onc caeeoeen 537, 867 lacertosus, Hybopsis --------------- 284 IManmilis: ~.\..5=-=<2=-—--—. 284 Notropis .--------------- 284 lacertus, Gobius.-.-...--------------- 2218 ASOD fi) Dae sere ceecocaes 867 Machnolsmus-22-2--.2----.s---0=-- 1579 MAKINUS «2524-5. =~ 1580 achnolaimus.--.-----.--.--------- 1579 aigula ......------\--- 1580 anise .5 sao 1580 Gib? BeapeeepEereeee oe 1580 faloatus: =.= 4025 cein= = 1580 maximus ......------ 1579 psittacus ..-.-------- 1580 AUULUGe =e caeeere sae 1580 lachrymalis, Ptychostomus..---.---- 194 laciniata, Kirtlandia..-..---------- 795, 2840 “vagrans...-... 2840 Menidia vagrans ..-...---- 795 lacrimosum, Sparisoma.....-------- 1632 lacrimosus, GSMornsee. so 4.coce neces 1632 lactarias, Catostomus ..-.---------- 175 Lactophrys -.-.-.----------- 1721, 1722, 1723 bicaudalis..........---- 1723 4 OViCepS..--..-.--------- 1724 EMICOVHIS(s = oe nis wate == 1724 trigonus. --.---------- 1723, 1724 triqueter ..--- Se eae 1722 lacustris, Ameiurus....------------ 137 Gadiis= soe ns eetaiee =< === - 137, 2551 Hemiplus .....-..-------- 250 WopalorvUs=.--~s-s5-0--501< 137 Pomolobus pseudoharen- GUS ...--...------------ 426 Lady-fish.....-.------------------- 411, 1583 SPS he pac ne sniee scsenene 1583 Lady-fishes ..-...----------------- 410, 1581 Lemargus ..----------------------- 56 oreslis= cts o.com. - = 57 Leemonema..--.-....---------<------ 2556 hanbatelai2c--2s- asc < 2557 barbatulum ......-.---. 2556 moelanurum.-2.-=-.-=-.- 2557 letabilis, Moniana .--....----------- 272 letus, Centronotus ...---.--------.- 2420 levicaudatus, Hippocampus ....-.- 717 levigata, Pterophryne levigatus, Agonus ....-....--..---- @hironectes:- = = ==-<5-+-- Lagocephalus Phalangistes levis, Acipenser -.-.--.-s.2.5-..--- pe Balisiese steeper sees Ss Gasterosteus .--..-....-..... Orbis variegatus...-..---..-- Pleuronectes: =------=--4.---- ET EO one ae eet te Rhombus cornubiensis Squatina a Fayette: so 22-21. -Saos- sce asne ERA LO a a semanas (2 nee pete ae lagenarius, Acipenser ..-..-.-.---.- Lagocephalus levigatus-......-..- pachycephalus lagocephalus, Grammatopleurus .--- Hexagrammos .....-- Hexagrammus ..-.--- Lin] ia! etre orange Oncorhynchus ......- DUPE el nd i a Ae ee SO re TOG Oke Aan aoe tara PRteee ste Thomboid6s>---+ =~ -css=.~2 Make Carp sos en. - == -~ ene eee meen Crescent Speckled Trout..--- Lady Ue et eeiorine corre AW GY’. \ooe on cata oa asae ae SDEOPSNOdG = eaenceewan meee Sturgeon. - <2 - 25.2 ese sn === Tahoe Trout lalandt, Carcharias .<2 5022255 saa. e= Seriolaueee at sess wae. ce lamarii, Acipenser ..-.....---.----- lamellifer, Exoccetus ........------- SMA Nae as oe oe ww ace nwo ane olin lamia, Carcharhinus. .--.-.--.------- Carcharias.<=-.<<.<s22seeee5 1482 lacerta- Ses ss<.-a-0 2 560 Stellifers- 222 see eee 1443 resplendens .-....--.- 555 | Lancet-figh-222://.22-.22- 5 eee 1691 townsendi -...--.-.-- 558°} Lancet Hishes- 2 2:222-252-02s0e= 593, 594, 595 Tham pera s-sbs- 5 ae eee ee 6 | Landlocked Salmon .-.......-.-..-. 487 Thamypettalic2 23222505 eee moe 12 | Thane Snapper=s2 2222 eee 1270 aStoriz flew ck soest one oe oe 12: | Langbartt 222. 2--2230 oe 2433 BUPA see eee pasos aon 13 | Lant . 2s. See eee 833 eamtschatica .--..-.-.... 13: | Lantern) Fishes* 52222523222 see esses 530, 550 CiPANe oe sek eee ee 3: | Lapon 222505 2 Scien foe ee ee 1849 epikexodon ......---.---- 12 | lappa, Halieutella 2: 22222222 see ee 2742 plum bewe-seesecee ee oer 13 | La Quesche ---.-----322-2--222-0ee= 413 Spadices. seta. ere 13 | Large-mouthed Black Bass...-....-.- 1012 tridentata .-.-.-...-.---- 12 | Large-scaled Sucker ..-.:.-..---.-- 192 Varievatas.62--2=-2ss—- 2745 | Larimus ...-.-. seeiee's VOSeeieeeen 1420, 1421 Wilder oe. ==. cuss em sate « 13, 2745 | acclivis.. 2.20. Sesseee- eee 1422 lampetreformis, Blennius---...----- 2438 | argenteus.-2..252.47225-e=" 1421 Lumpenus.---..--- 2438 | batabanus += 3225eseeeeeeee 1431 amprey shel css ane ee eee em 10 DY@Viceps =: =e esse ae 1423 Lamprey, Great Sea .-.--...----.--- 10 | ~ Gentex: 22 7 suases eee 1426 Silyerys- se sae eee 11 effalgend:2=-2¢ 22 sesee 1421 Small Black .---.-----2-- 13 fasciatug: 222 © ez 1424 aM Plreys a-- 2 .- == eee 4,8,9 pacificnss 222: 3222 see se eee 1424 BroOls nce —- =e eee 12 stahli-7..2 eee 1423 IRIVEM Sei Sao eer 10 | larkinsii, Cymatogaster--.-...-..--- 1503 bampridstsee pes. ce eee 953 | lata, Guaperva forcipata -.--...---- 1702 HAM PLS S25. eee ee esa 954 | Latebrus....-.-.-...--.--.--------- 1114 Putiatns,-------soeeo- eee 955 | oculatus::.=2---2---5=6eee 1115 lata) f22=-.p252 ee eee ee eee 955 | latepictus, Serranus ........----..- 1175 lua. cc so csee esas ee eee 954 | laterale, Ditrema..:.--..---<-- aus 1506 > TECUIS 2 o5556 <= = saee ae ee= aR 955 - ‘Etheostoma 2-22.22 ee ase 1099 : lamprotenia, Clupea..----.-------- 419 | lateralis; Abramis--2.2-2-2222222e- 239 ; Jenkinsia-2s5-5 22 =e 419 ; AlVarins=>s-c8c2snaseeee 1099 Spatelloides ....-.--. 419 | Artedius \.25 7oSe ace eer 1902 lamprurus, Hypoplectrus -----..--- 1190 | Calycilepidotus.-...------ 1900 Segranus 223522 5220e oS 1190 | Caracodon'*:2..5-22+e.soee 2832 Lampugus .----- Saar tae ear B or 952 Characodon.....-.----.--- 668 neapolitanus .--.-.-.--- 953 Eleotris:- 35: 54. seeseees 2195 punctulatus .-----=.-.-- 953 | Embiotoca....--2222.5sseas° 1506 Siculusls--- eee 953 Leucisens balteatus -.-.-- * 239 lanatus; Merlucins)-~-----. eee 530 | Mylocheilus.~-----:-2--= 220 Lancelet, Bahama. -.-<=.<.-.---52%- 4 | Notropis'.2.2nseeeheseeen 263 Califombiacs-2--s=--4--=58 4 | Phanerodon, -225 soe sess=es 1506 Westindian 2. 22 eee. 3 | Phily pnus: 222.3225. eseee 2195 TLanCelete: J. 5.23250445 =e eeeee ener 2,3 Pimelodus-<-2t2-s2eeeeee 135 European ..-.-- Beret en 3 | Peecilichthys-~- 235-3222 1099 lanceolata, Perca...-.-...---------- 1482 | Richardsonius. .--2-.---.5 239 Scion ase eee 144 | Scarusi<2:<: Jee ow ee 1637 lanceolatum, Branchiostoma ....-.- 3 Scorpzenichthys .......--. 1902 lanceolatus, Amphioxus .......--.- 3 Teniotoca: .22..2..eeeae 1505, 1506 Index, Page. Page. lateralis, Zygonectes.......-.--.--- 659 | Leather-sided Minnow..-......-...-. 236 laticauda, Anguilla ......-..-..-.-- 348) | Le Baliste Brid6.--3s-<-.-2c22.-2--- 1704 UN amd ial sees eee nee 1512 | Lebias ellipsoidea.....-........:.-- 672 laticaudus, Pimelodus ..-....-.----- 1512 OVINMUS: Soe e sz aseec arate soe. 672 laticeps, Acanthocottus-..-.------. 1989 rhomboidalis ..-.---.-...--. 672 Aetobatusc-.- seas - 88, 2103, |) ORISGCS «222-25 sawsate eee sale 689, 2833 JAIN esage er scoces seacee 152 poeciliodes =} = 22 s-seseeece 3 916 Lepidosteus --.---.----- 111 | leionothos, Holacanthus.--.....-.--- 1735 latulus, Clupea.....---------------- 422 | leiopomus, Cottus --.....-...--.---- 1962 latus; Caranx’:..---'-.-------------- 922''|| ThelostOMUS! 252520 +552 son eos bon 1558 Euctenogobius..-.-..--------- 2237 | humeralis.....-......-: 1459 SA ERs toe ae acta es oe = 938 | lineatus.- AS eel. 1460 Dances; Salle. .-2-.=-0>--~s---- 831, 832, 833 ObNQUUS:. => sassos—nane 1459 laurett#, Argyrosomus...-.-------- 471 xanthorus .Wssc.es52<5- 1458 EninlGneres ne acco aaeaal sesh = - Doe. | TeGiirts so o=2- te oe eeiee wae bs =o 746 mediterranea ....-.-.------ 537 | leiurus, Gasterosteus --.-.--..------ 747 laurito, Sparisoma.....--..--------- 1637 | Le Kai Salmon ..---..:---.-..-.--.. 478 [anita Gampris\--....--.---=------- 955 | WB Soe uae ete nae en wanes 2194 lavaretus, Salmo .......------------ 464 | lemmoni, Squalius...-.....---.----- 235 Waipaniatesnoas~ -ce255~-=—-— =~ Obs Men MaDe tse aa a wie eto wa aa “142 Gi ee ae ee ee eee 997 OUVARIS 2c. once een, on 143, 2790 Munciahys...----.--------~- 998 | Leptorhinophis -..................- 381 purpurescens ......------- 1006 leptorhynchum, Siphostoma-.-.-...--- 764 Salmones -.---.----=----- 10114 Leptorhynchus-.......2<.........:. 369 symmetricus.....--------- 999 leuchtenbergii -.-.- 369 trifasciata .-......--.----- 1011 | leptorhynchus, Lepidosteus....-.--.- 110 Lepomotis nephelus- --..--..------- 1005 Odontopyxis ..-..... 2076 Eepophidsam..-...-.-.----.-------- 2482 Satritor .<.2.-222.5 2075 brevibarbe. --.------- 2485 Syngnathus-.....-.. 765 cervinum .....-...- 2484, 2485 leptosomus, Abramis.....-..-.--.-- 250 emmelas ------.--.--- 2483 iSpoals | Ce a ee 250 marmoratum.......-- 2482 Notemigonus ..--...... 250 microlepis ..-.-.----- PADIS EA GRIT UB 3 oo ote te See rs ole ee 889 pacdalen 2. Jone=<5== 2486 IOPRETHS aces eee alana 8389 profundorum ......-- 2484 | lepturus, Caranx .............--.... 923 stigmatistium --..---.-. 2483 SUS GURUS ve eee eee 889 leptacanthus, Noturus -.--.-.--.-.--- 146 MASOTOUEES 5 -eeeaae hone a a= 2584 Schilbeodes.....-.--. 146 PrighimMrus 2-2 sesso ane 889 Meplaconus...-. <=. ---=-----s-s-2-- 2052 | Le Sphéroide Tuberculé.-.........-- 1733 decagonus ...--------- 2052 Tetrodon Plumier ....--.......- 1733 spinosissimus ---.----- 2054 Des -Almiereds a 624-05 sees saoce a= = 1717 EEN MES oo oo dsas 2c eee ie 119 | alraCHOpen, ~ 3 -2.-s-ese nto -5-- 1740 0 eee ee eae 125 OORTNER an seneewea = ance oe 2561 ARNIS ee ce ee os oe 916 | Cerne ReR ao on os on == a= 332 Leptecheneis-...-.--.-----------.-- 2268 | Dichotomyctéres.......-..---.-- 1738 naucrateoides ........ 2270 | Dilobomyctéres .......-...--.-- 1738 naucrates --...=-.-.-- 2269 Do > ees ee ee 948 Reni ploweis--.-222-seeses ssa eos = = 2435 DOGO eae tn ya arneraea ioe 2550 HUPUUS-.2=5-= 55-2 -~ 2438 so 7) Fo ee ee ee 2557 serpentinus ....-..-.-- 2439 CU GL ee ee ae 1738 iS BUOGAEOL EN oo mae = een 2 SETIN ia NOMGSs ao 42 2 ee = 1329 Leptocephalichthys.-.....-..--.---- 353 Promecocepales..---.---------- 1727 Leptocephalide .....----...-...--.- 352 | SPNGRGIGCR= 2. 252s See 1729 Leptocephalus -.--.----.----------- 353 Stelliféres..-----.----------.0-- 1439 candidissimus -.-... 354 Stenometopes ----.------.------ 1729 eaudicula=<.22--=5-- 355 | Jessont; (ara =<~2 353545 Ase seen a 923, caudilimbatus ..-.... 355 Tetrapturus............-...- 892 3016 Page. lessonii, Coryphena........-.--.--- 953 lesueuri, Acipenser .-.....--.----.. 106 Moxostoma «.:.-2..---.-...- 194 lesueurianum, Exoglossum...-...-. 327 lesueurii, Catostomus.-.-...---.----- 195 Wiebharcus: 25255. sees weeects es cece 375 Wella 2222 -stbee2cc0= Sai 375 lethopristis, Orthopristis. .--......- 1340 lethostigma, Paralichthys.....--..- 2630 lethostigmus, Paralichthys.-....-.- 2630 Tethpstole ccs cores ares ee ote ste 792, 2839 CSbOL sees saat eee nese 792 TSLHO MAM eras eee ene aaa aoe ee 2100 MMW ECHS sooo 62 sae ae 2101 ViINGIENGUS:o2.265 aster 2101 ‘leuchtenbergii, Belonopsis ..-..---- 369 Leptorhynchus .... 369 leuciodus, Minnilus..........------ 291 NOLTODIA = opsne: oR eee ee 291 IPHotogénisy..-ce--eee see 291 L@ucisCin®e: .2<2225-552- Sse neaeeeees 202 DjONCISCHS so n.-5 2 youcia anaes en sete 228, 252 affinis..222.5<-cR-o.exseee 240 PUTT tienes eos 2 ee) eee 236 analostanus <3... 2-2-4. 279 AOSNS) sep aae ashes oslo 301 ALPONDPHS soccer aoe 221 baltestiis:-.o24: ese5-- 32 238, 2797 lateralis ..-... 239 bicolans 2325 2-eerteest eee 232, 245 WOSGI Sac sew nee ee as 251 bone@ardi. --2seeceres-oes 247 bubalinus -2--se22e32- 273 ehrysopterus.....-...-..-. 221 CODIWS so rece rae sae 305 COCCOPEMIS --aspmatseens ee 285 Conformis => sesiscketiann ss 231 CQOPCLL = = =o sesea see ee 236 COD =e eae ae seer eee eee 293 COMniES 3-5. eee 283 crassicauda.-.2.-- ascnese= 231 CLOCONAS a ane eee oe 308 G2TOPING o ae aa eee 237 CS lansees-aseae eee 227 elongatus .....-.-.-.--- 240, 2797 QMO nec h eee 227 erythrogaster ....-.----- 210 CSUOD onicincc mene neta ee 240 exilicaud as.) sea ee 209 AamMMeus: 2... n-ne eee 242 TOLMOSUS)=<-2sasesiseeeee 246 PrOUPALIA ~ 5-22 =c- eee 283 fanduloides': <-5..1euceee 240 gardoneus=-.<--.su.~-5- 251 PIDNGSUS Pp aaeobeor es eee 231 ST Se eecbeb ates se oni sin > 239 + Index. Page Letciscus gracilis. ...25<5:he0-seesee 283, 326 prahami.- sce. .cs=.eeeee 228 grandis - 2.22, 42-2=--cos 225 hematurus.- =, -- eee 218 heterodon ...--222ttaeece 261 hudsontus. 3-2. Jase oee 269 humboldti--252-2 sarees 236 hydrophlox:;-3-223--se5e4 238 hypselopterus.....-.-..- 280 intermedius .:.---..--<+: 235 ITIS <<. 02 oe s2s5s eee 222 kentuckiensis..........- 279 lineatus .. 3.2 -ss.se9-cene 232 lutvensis:..<2<: 1-232 aeee 272 macrolepidotus...-.-.... 224 margarita ...------...5.5 241 milnerianus--.-..s-2-2s- 242 montanus «22 -o-sse eee 238 nachiriebi-2.: ¢-Seee-seees 2798 nasutus 226222922 s55=-e— 306 NCOLBUS: - --.. Ses wae 240, 2798 Niger 2... eee ee Eee 235 NIBTESCeNS.- ewan eee eee 233 nitidus:...< = 225- =seeeee 221 ObeSUS:. ..2. sone Joos Sees 246, 282 oreu thi... de eee 241 oregonensiS....-.--..+.--- 225 phlegethontis -.......... 243 photogenis -..---........ 296 procne=--..2s-s=-eeeese4 264 productus .- 22s seer 240 PLOlixUs'-b. saseeaaaseeeee 206 PLOTILET 22-2 Siena pees 240 pulchelloides ...--...-.-- 222 pulchellas 32225-22=-2es 221 purpUureus) o.2-2-~---oeee 234 PY SMOUS Ss eee eee 624 TODUSHUS!-o-5 > —— sees 228 rotengulus .-...-.--.---- 221 rubellus:s.j-5.sesseeeeee 293 TUDDHMTONS 2255 =eseee 295 siuslawis<<2s2--eeSeeeee 2797 spilopterus..-......--... 279 spirlingolos-.-..-=-ssaue 282 stOreri- <2. .-:).ss=--2---- 2823 Salmo! clarkit-<.*.-ee-:s2 os 2819 leucophexus, Congrus..--...-----.--- 355 | IDVIISS: “osaeenn Oates 493 leucopsarum, Myctophum (Steno- / AV SONA © ogous oasis Sts 45 brachins)je..--22-2- 562 | liberiensis, Balistes.-......-...-... 1702 Nannobrachium. .--.-- 562 libertate, Opisthonema.-.--......... 433 leucops, Photogenis.-........-..---- 296 | libertatis, Clupea ..--..-.-+-.--:--- 433 engraulinus.. - 296 | Mipletthar =. <6. se neeure: 433 leucopus, Photogenis....---..-.---- 2717 Opisthonema.-.7-<--2::- 433 Rhamphoberyx ---------- Si sleighiaguiebra sso ees eee ee 899 leucorhynchus, Rhinobatus - ----.--- 62 | lichtensteini, Acipenser.---.....--. 105 leucorus, Eupomacentrus ...-.-.--- 1551 | ligulata, Seriola..........- Dee 905 MUGHIGOS. 525) n.5 sc occas core cess as 243, 244, 2798 | 1p eee oe Sect re: See 1714, 1715, 1718 ICOLON 222 5 one eae soar ae 245 | Barbus. i - 2 Foc ceeiseaee ese 1720 POVAROR SM a= eae eens on or 246 Goleradass-7.i-=-ssek ayn ee 1713 HuBSH Spee eSieescscncemn Sos 246 ET OM Phos sas oie x tee eae 1719 Hencos, Carcharhinus....--2---..-.5 Dea | MATEO ARS et wert ale Us teal ea 428, 429, 431 CAar@navige: S25. 22.c22.852-2 Boe Mia: WeOMCATIA! Ss 227,22 ase aes 158 MEBHCGSOMUS |-.---55---5226---5-- PA0S22A. 250.) Ditmamnriena. . o8....22-e-to 2-2 324 TOSHTALS So- cacigsm ae anise =" 2645 gulonellus ....--.-...- 226 | limanda, Hippoglossoides.-...-.---- 2615 inequilobus ........-. 224 | limandoides, Hippoglossoides..-.- --. 2615 INe¢ragsabus -...<..2.-5 222 Pleuronectes ..-...--- 2615 occidentalis. .......--- 247 | Limax lanceolatus...-...--...------ 3 Pads = 2-52 oa 222 | limbatus, Carcharhinus......-...-.-. 40 pulchellus< -<..=2- 22.5 222° Carchamas’ ssc. Ja. a- 40 PHOURCN Ace se6 a —-elote 222 MONMCN eo enters erento 360 symmetricus. -...--- - 246 Mongnlus 62565 coo. 25s 643 leucosteus, Calamus. ....--..--..--- 1353 Isogomphodon .....-..-- 40 leucostictus, Eupomacentrus --..-. 1555 | Oxydontichthys .......--. 385 Pomacentrus ..-.:..-. 1556 | PAULUS. -- oo. eee 533 Weucurusg; Caranx:..- 2.2.2 2.7s-225-< 915) pkinn, Hydrargyra,---cne--sneeee-- 624 Hemicaranx <2 22-2. .5-2.- 914 | WmipiGise- 2. 3-cs ene ee 623 AA OIETUS = cnc So ee 900 | Pye ea aes 624 MeNOUs AMICUS: -—~ =~ Sano Sans sae ae 7) On FP aso aS aS ee A eS 690 DOUGETOY <2 =. a... eonens nese 247 COUCIIANAE ano cen ae ne ate arse 695 dlumpidtiusiSacec cose tos 244 OUDORAIN SS naa oa eoaeen = 692 FOURGSHA <2 so Sees SE ae 246 matamorensis ------ eer 700 OULVACORS S oo. «oo enol ae rs 666 LANs oa Jee eee 802 variegatus..-.--.....-.. 666 Leuroglossus ----.--------------=-- 57 | Limosa, My xine = —. Sosa ease 8 rei F IL 10 papereae gee eee 527 | Lmosus, Pilodietis:.=22-5- .---2) --- 142 Wiper VII Sean oni ea oe oe 2460 Pylodictis. .3. 22s. -as—<" === 143 PAHCIACNS\. eee es Se 2460 Siri: areeeer ae Sosaemy sar 148 levis, Sebastichthys- --.---.----.--- 1816 | linea, Mesoprion .-.-....--.---.---- 1260 Sebastodes.-.-...-..----...2- 1816 Siphostoma. .-..-..-.-..--...- 768 3030 112 3018 Index. Page. Page. linea, Syngnathus......-...--.--<-- 768 | lineolatus, Metrogaster -...... le 1499 lineata, -Alosa...4.,0.22+cccuseceses 426 Pseudoscarus'..---.--..- 1651 Coryph@ia:-os5-5-5csa5see 1619 Letrodon=- - 2-2 2-ee===e5 1728 Heheneis 20. aos eck emoce 2268, 2270 lineopinnis, Murzena .--...-.......- 396 ‘Hm Di0t0C8 2. Soeur eee eee ee 1506 | lineo-punctatus, Balistes ........... 1709 IMGYONG: \-'< = c1a2=hiee Seer 1133") Ding A2.-3 22. eee eee 2550 Novacnla:. S250 eee ee? 1619 | Lings .-. 22.2 22 2551 Seipnanco cece tees teas 1133, 1460 | linguatula, Balistes ---............. 1720 Ticvoma senso t-test cee 233 Pleuronectes <2 =2..2-++- 2615 Trigha 0A eee sane 2167 | linnezi, Aiglefinus ..-..-------..-0.: 2543 Unibranchapertura -....... 342 Merlottius!2==-sessseseeeee= 2530 lineatum, Lepibema......-...-..--- 1133 Molva *. 224. 235255 see eee 2552 lineatus, Achirus .........-- 2697, 2698, 2702 Trachurus'=< (25-00 see eee 911 ‘Atmblom@on'.2--~ -- cee as oe 1484 |. Linophora:-. .2S2255--52- see eee 1672 Calliodon@ssss-n0s as sce. 1651 | Dinophryne-- 22. . 2.22 e-eaeeeeee 2734 Cyclopterus ........-..--. 2118 lucifer: 2-2. =~ saeneeee 2734 @ypselurus!.-252-cceeeeees 2836 | linsleyi, Etheostoma ...........-..- 1097 Dormitator'..22-s. see. +e. 2198;| Whiocetus) --2.-.--=2 --. tee eee 2733 Doryichthys= 2... --.ce.--.- 773 MUrTayl 2 .--cee eee 2733 Doryrhamphus........-.- 773 | Lioglossinay: 222.52 sea eee 2622 LNG pneaciocacis doce baooe 1487 tetrophthalma.-.-...--.. 2622 ESO 22. Je Soe ees 627 | liolepis, Paralichthys .........----. 2624 Ex0ctus. -o2ss6s28ees sem 739 XY StreuLys = = cesses ee ee 2623 Handulug: sssccsc-eee te ee 649 | Liomonacanthus ..-.....-....-...-.- 1713 Genyonemus..--..----.-..- 1460 | dhtonfish.-2-- 22 o.. ore eee 1850 Gerresi#is.-tarese eee ae 1377 }dioniseus,- -_-<--2-.4-ee ee eeeer eee 1033 Gobinse-< 342 ae 2218, 2260 | liopeltis, Acipenser........-....... 106 Grammichthys ........-.- 2702) | Anioperea: <2 222 cee oe ree 1166 GryStes\.cs ses teeee see eee 1868 iNOTMiS 3. Je see eee ees 1168 Thabrax: o.7.5- eeceeeeceee 1113 | Liopropomia.--..--~- 02 =o sent sees 2118 | Liza Ojo de Perdriz --.-.--:-------- 814 ophidoides ........--.------ bia | Smarts: 5.20 ilelswerses Ble. 538 PIleHehUs == -Ia2ss- oe == 3196) |) Gizard Wishes 5-220. 7.2622 oe 532, 533 Rasa et nee oa es 2134 lobatus, Canthogaster --....--..----- 1732 TenGmlate 2... 22s. = Cct eee. 2108 © Spheroides .-...-...----- 1731, 1732 Spiel Uae ae a ee 118) | lobadhilisvbberoas 2.524 25 222255- 1531 tGamiestas: 22-22 2282.22. Sit ste) | ODOLes eo ene are eecees ens. ne 1235 iippees CPanel Se eee Re ee ee 2120 auctorum. ...--..-.-:..-- 1236, 2858 QUST 5 Gg ge censSaceogotee 2118 emarginatus..-...--...---- 1257 liparis, Centrolophus ......-----.--- 963 cig fe AS ee ee 1236, 2856 Cyclopterus. -....-.-.....<. 2123 fark hisril $2504.22 52 ee2 =: 1236, 2856 majors. 22s. = 2128 INCUFVOS soos sss se Ses. 2 1236, 2856 TENOR eee? 2121 pacHiousss2-ce lessee. 2857, 2858 APRS eo. 2~ => ao 2116, 2118 somnoJentus ......--.---.-- 1236 liparoides, Cyclopterus-.--.-------- 2108 surinamensis -....-- 1235, 2856, 2858 LNA) OD Sasecne Hone ar eee ee ae PUM SS) AG Es ee RE Pap 1235 Aiellenice---~ ote 2 cs ee 2104 lockingtonii, Icichthys -....-..-..---- 969 EP REOP SURES ores fa.< 0-72 nee ees aoe UR, PONS 222 si so es sas Saar s. ottes 520 HRCI tree name Sate amen wn GLO) Weave Ditremagsssccaacbee ses ae snare = 1511 HApOPGUVIO Cosco se-->-— oc ocs as G19), hihom Wish - 55 oss sase seer oe 2 oe 964 PAPOPOILYS PIL os 22 2 sb-- 2c. 2a e~- 619 [Perches ---2---4-eete seas 1024, 1026 iipephrys 2 .ee---=-5-- 1482 Dy ch (es 2 ee ee ae = 410 lanceolatas: ==... =. -=-.- 1482 lisiga, Aspidophorus...-....-..-.--- 2036 | lonchurus, Opisthognathus. --...--.- 2281 MAS a oe ete aa eee oar SE Pe bOnej aw: 222 24. o aan an eee 471 listeri, Ostracion -.--.--......------ 1725 Long-jawed Goby .--..--------.---- 2250 Bite, Mi tine teeta eee = DED PO JRWA- ase sve - ab aer esas nae as 710, 711 Litholepis tristeechus.-.-.........-- TEE) Bony Nirmato <2 5 72a. ee eee an a 1718 hittle Piekerel) ><. 22.22.222--ee- one 627.) toned. Danthatis. => -- 22s se aa 85 Me@d-CYO. 22-045. ecc ass eeeae 996 Dasyatis' 2-2-5. -222-2.5-.-=-- 85 Roneador 2.352 55-- -- oe ee 1460 Macdonaldia ---...-...--..--- 2826 Skalee .8 29 Siess cas BS 68 | longatus, Labeo.--..........--..... 186 Smoeltinco 22 se See at 807 Ue ee ne Bere re Seer any 504 POUWHION- < asst AUITTIS, Hevines seats tate SE ylospitis eset es == longirostrum, Catostomus ....-.--- longispathum, Peristedion ........- longispinis, Ailurichthys .-.--..-.. Ihepomis\ see see Pontinws:. s22.h ese: Long-necked Eels ..........-..2.25- Long-nosed Dace-<<. 2s s-2226- eases | = ee ee a ep ie ee ic Sucker-ss2225-esste eco Long-spined Sculpin .--...-..-.--.. Hong-tail Shark. .--2 = sess ee oe 109 176 1976 45 Page. longulus, Calliurus...-...--2...2..- 996 Pomotis: 22% 22: J2s52ssee 996 longurio, Carcharias -.-...-2-2.see0 42 Scoliodom::22.2..step eases 42, 2748 longus; ‘Balistes---)-.22.2252eeeeeer 1707 Ophisarus: 2-32-55 eee 377 Pisodonophis=--s2s0-=-seeee 377 Look-Down ..<2 -<=--5-seeeeseeee 936 lophar,- Perca:325- -c62ss2 ae eee 947 Lopharis:. <2) Sicse-sssena eee 946 mediterraneus ..--.---.-- 947 Lophiide ...sessss22.-- sep 2713 Lophiomus o2-223-~-2- 2553 2714 setigerus..-..-.....--.. 2714 Lophius. -- 3... 5-8 = sccss ss ee nee 2713 aculeatus -.2-0o sone 2741 americanus - ~s.csoeeses ae 2714 bufo. ...25:.~ 52 4sesee eee 2316 Sibbus.>-- 522 -eeceeeeeaeeee 2717 histrio 2.2.2.2 4aceeeeee 2716, 2722 ocellatus. 2222 2 eacteee 2722 piscatorius 2... 22s¢eneeee 2713 Tadiatas: << -.1.\5--/n sesso 2738 rostratus) - = 2.5 s-tseeese ss 2737 SetIZerUs 2 s-naee see 2715 spectrum). 2254454 -c6eeeee 2723 tamidas .2.55.-ccs-50-en 2716 viviparus==-:osceces fee 2715 | Jophius, Amiurus. + 222-2 26-eeese= 138 Tetalurus: s.csss7deseoaee 138 Lophobranchit-s. <2 2. o-5-5 see 759 Lophobranchs 222 352---2-- sass 759 Lophogobius « -. .-2:.s2stescesesaee 2209 cyprinoides...--.--...- 2209 | Lopholatilus ©. - -.3.--c2eeeceeeee eee 2278 chameleonticeps - --. - 2278 Lophopsetta <-- --- <2. esas ee 2659 maculata .-t5226dseesneace 156, 157, 159 RCUta 6 sa an cee eee 158 barbata, 2. .~ sen eee 158 bransfordi-- -- 3-sseneeee 158 lima. -2-- <= sa-2S 9 eeeee eee 158 panamensis .-...--.--.--- 157 rostrata). .-.--2-e.aeswenes 157 stri gilata.-- 22. s25 tee 158 uracantha 2: 2.c83se—es= 158 Variegata) ..< <=>. esse aee 159 Loricariichthys .-..-----..--ss---=<° 156 Loricariids 22-22% ---.t. sane 155 Loricariine - os - 32.2 dees=s-eeee 156 loricata, Alysia ..........---.-2-5mm 569 Loricati:....- 3-25.20, bes.-605- eee 1756 aS. UN lee ee ee Index. Page. loricatus, Gasterosteus .------.----- 747 Macrognathus....-.-..-. 110 Phalangistes .-.-.-..:--. 2016 MDNO 2s «ise esno wie any aa 1652, 1653, 1655, 1657 | POEO MS SCALUS S22 oe. seme eames oe eee 1654 MOOTOS =< eee skin Ss soos e cee Sees 1642 MGB) tess seen see ae oe 2550 iDROSMMIAN A sass ee oe ee 2551 COMPLESSa ser aci--eneee ee a 2551 InorMatas.—2i0s= 2.2520 be oe ie 2551 TOSI esse ene seo ed Sone 2550 Mvfell Beer eae at ote Sennen 2546 masxillariss.2.- — samen =- 2546 lotharingus, Gasterosteus..-.--.---- 746 Wetiintetes oan. non couse eeeaee ws 2532 fompinasECLCa << -=s- tosis == 474 TMGLOS:. «a sees easy a sar ae ss 625, 626, 628 BMENICANUS 7+) eka ses aes 626 PUGITIR a se aise oe ete tee 628 masquinongy.-----..-..-..- 629 immaculatus - 630 ohiensis .....- 629 Tetlonlatus: 262 -ea2ssseee.- 627 VGRMRCMILATOS=~ 2. <'s— was sins 627, 2827 lucius, Atractosteus...............- 111 DUST. ae So Rae pee Bea 628 @mericanus,..+----<--. 626 BD C1: Ce Beara 628 Ptychocheilus -....:.=-.-.-. 225 ocky Proaobe sono. 1oeehe essa 1971 lneretiss, ADomaas.= 22225-2055. =o 2241 Gobing >. ch bees es ase 2868 | lnidibonda, Cliola- 252 -s250ns.-<2- 2 273 Cyprinellass2] a acee- <2 373 ludibundus, Notropis .-.--..---.---. 273 iy (edges ST 0 ee ee eee et 181 InenbEis, Caran. 2S snes cee 924 Cryprisiella) saan s9 ae ae 274 Malacoctenus ....-.-...--- 2357 Melamphaes ...-...------ 842 Miyecodes: -.---easss aes 2357 Plectromes)-225--4---222- 842 Tuga bresus; Misox ces) seas=-ee == 628 luitpoldii, Characodon -.-..---.---- 2832 lumbricus, Murenaz: s--2 44. «255: 342 Myrophisan<--e soe sem 371 ERE PORTING aoe ane 2349 TET y 6/2) rb rt: ems Se ae et 2435, 2436 acnles tos): 2-2-5 -+8eeee 2433 anguillarig.:)..--25.5-2\. 2436 3022 Index. Page. Page. imimpenus fabricit . 25... so. sos<— 2437 | luteus, Genyatremus -......-.------ 1342 Lampetreformis. ....---. 2438 Litianus 2.2.2 2-222s2 See 1343 MAGKAYL 272A =- bese eee 2436 Noturus 2=525:¢222see-eeaeee 144 maculatus .....---..---. 2433 Rhinichthys:=-—--- eee 307 MOGIUG Sv2 550009 =nee>505 2435 | Lutianid \. -. 22-25-62 4.2225 1241 mabiltiss.s.se2ecer2 sen25 2438 | Diutianine: «22... 2.2-525-seeee eee 1242 oculeatus\:-<.2< .<--4-2—- 2433 | Lutianus...2--222¢2>,.25 ee eee 1247 lumpenus, Blennius..-..--.--------- 3438 argentiventris -.......--- 1261 Clintis®<.-0¢57-s5 oe 2438 colorado: +..5..-<=5e=-a seer 1268 Stichwusgio 2) 045 228 2438 guttatus .2-2-- 2-.222eesee 1269 Lampish 2 2352.2. sees cese= 2096 luteus. «05 4.235 aos ose es 2096 stearnsi <...-sdessseeeeeee 1256 anglorum <.2s55 2828s -2o=- 2097 | lutipinnis, Hydrophlox....--------- 287 SpINGsUBs > 6-6 e= 3 Ee 2099 Minnilas > =.-5-.osssaem 287 Vulgaris) 5s 2555 see eeeeeeee 2097 Notropis.-- ..--2252ss=ee 286 lumpus, Cyclopterus-.....---.--. 2096, 2097 Opisthopterus ---.---.--- 437 WAS, PISCIS oe o~ ee eae eee 1754 Pristigaster .....-...--. 437 Pee Joke asec ete eaast eee 1753 | lutjanoides, Lutjanus .--..------.--- 1261 lina. Caranx 6225285 eee 927 Neomenis 24225 -2co-2 1261 Lampriss. =>. s5-45=sne ees 954 Ocyurus ...2- 252. aees-e= 1261 SEGTRGHIR ane ae eee 1006 | Lutjanus acutirostris ....---------- 1259 THUS eens de 955 ambigaus /----2542e— 1272 lunaris, Orthragoriscus .....--.---- 1754 analis's'.. 5 .cleasesaeeeee 1267 lunata, Echeneis..--..:-------- 258 2269 aratus: .&:. 2.208 eeee eee 1274 lunaticus, Dactyloscopus --..------ 2302 argentiventris -.--.------ 1261 lunatus, Platophrys’..--~----6- 2.5. 2665 arnillus'..5-5544- eee 1279 Pleuronectes. .2-2.3-..-=-- 2666 aubrieti< .. 2.00. ee 1271 Rhinichthys PP EF nt pe 308 aurorubens...-..2lsceeee 2 1278 atronasus.... 308 aya: be. 3. d52. dase 1265 Rhomboidichthys.....-.---. 2666 blackfordi-=2 42a 1265 Hane, Pewmson.-->-52--2 ee 954 brachypterus ae Se 1268 Tetraton ..S2seeee. foe 1754 buceanella 82 ..2442_2233 1262 lasisentis; (Axis | -n4sJes2 hoe 125 caballerote 222.223 ee 1257 ASPISlOE 6 -—Suees ae ese 2763 campechianus.--...------- 1265 Selenaspis --.--..--.-.-. 125 Gaxi8 ..2=3-250 eee 1260 Tachisurus..<:(0-22.-.2% 125 cayennensis: -.-.22 2-2-2256 _ 1404. lunulatus, Epinephelus .....---..--- 1159 ChrySuUrus: .~---522---259 1276 Lutjanus: =. 2. 5o5t.4 1158 colorado. < 2322-25 1268 Mustelus. --...--.-..---- 28 cyanopterus.-....-----:-- 1255 Rhomboidichthys -. - . - -- 2666 oyn@don..+. 5: S4a-seseee= 1255 WOLEAIUS): 2-25 -se eee ase 1159 cubera,«- 525: s5-255>5 sae 1255 hips, Ameimris:-35.25.2.4s40502 = 137 dentatus,: s.-.0) 34s 1255 Anarhichaa) ss25 52-02 bee 2447 STISCUS: :=25sucesas sete 1257 Tetalnrus:Jo2534 se ees 137 guttatus: <2 22s2ee seen 1269 Pimelodus: /ct422200 4-3-5 137 inermis: .. 32223 1275 lusea, Cyclothone .-.-...----.-------- 582 jotis.5---=s27- seas een 1258 lusitanicus, Vandellius..-....-..--- 887 lundlatus: =: =:2:ts4 eee 1158 Fatea, Anpnilia %-oosassceecr eee 348 lutjanoides-.22:-222-sse5 1261 luteovinctum, Etheostoma ..-.-...--- 1086 mahoponi o2. 22... saeees 1273 lutescens, Chzetodon...---....--.--- 1680 melanurus: :-=-2cn ance eeee 1276 Ky phosus tases eee 1388 novemfasciatus .....-..-- 1253 Pimelepterus ......-.-.--- 1389 Ojanco..--5---25---— 4a 1273 luteum, Hsomulom: ....-.....:..4-: 1304 pacificus -...25::-s.2-see6 1253 luteus, Centropomus --.----.--.---- 1024 pricto .<:.-=..2:55-eeeeeee 1253 Gadus tomcodus......-..--- 2540 profundus:<+2:s5222--4e== 1264 Index. 3023 | Page. Page. Lutjanus purpureus ....--..---.--- 1264 | Lycodapus dermatinus --..--..----- 2492 TORACOUS|==ses=~—=2- = = 1267 GXbOUSUG see bone tan eae 2479 SUOSENGUS = sf2se2 2 seam 1257 HIBYARLON 2282s aae oni o 2493 surinamensis.....-------- 1319 | PAE VICODS cn ose 25-2 a -- 2493 SYMSOrIS) sane e eee ea ADFAs | Suseoqdes = se. bath sens ac Soe ae aiec 2461, 2462 BOLTIC US oes = ee 1264 brevipes -2:22-~ 2.5! -2-.-- 2467 triangulumt .-.-.--.---=-: 1454 | COCCINEUS!. <5 ---- 22 ss2-5=- < 2469 REIGNS son 2 oceans 1202 | Caricolorees sesso 2463 BELLOWS acetone eae oe 1200 diapterus ......-- encssnss 2473 uninotatus -......--.-=--< 1271 Gipitatns.ss--2- Sais eset onset 269 chlevastes-..-.-...-.---- 398 GOVERN sowed =a eo es 2 396, 2804 ycenchelys-co 2. 22 6a ias- soe. 2469, 2470 WULMATIG, eso oses2<-'45< 397 PREVI: oss 52 S52 2471 WCE oe foe rks 2 395, 2805 BOVEY geen nia 2-2-5 3= == 2471 MOMUEH set esa hss denes 395 VERMIN os). <5 hss 2470, 2471 ebsenratus 2s 23 22--.-2- 389 bycengrakhs. <- 5. --5-5.5-.--. 451, 2811, 2816 OcelAnIE 3 5.22545 302, 5 399 grossidens ....-..---- 451 nigromargina- [pe glee = 9 ae 2811 ERS Seas aos 399 lychnus, Myripristis -.--.-...--...- 847 saxicola .....- 399 PAVOQUIS eee ee eee nee ee 2461, 2463, 2468 PIGQUUB= =2 hapa eet aoe 2805 DRVCOCGATAG co aaa ne pees eee ene cae 2478 polygonius ..........-... 394 pi Paes eae 2478 sancte-helene .......-.. 397 PAV OMIAGBI8h cco cee ee oo ee om 2468 WERT ee ass ee 393 TMNCOSUB s— 2a oe - = 2a == 2470 Wiens pee eee 394 polarigs...-.£2.225245- 2468 VITECSEEHB: ue. 5-2 oe ee 394 PMTROn es ee en eae PAGS WelsyCOd ONUS 2a sea cee nates 2475 Bycodapodides 22.22 5.5.5.62.22555- 2491 | MTBF Ye: 75-222 -<- - 2474 Lycodapus =-2---:-=- PIS: Sects s 2192 By codepliie .222 Se ecs ee eS 2869 3024 | Index. Page iy Cod Opsis=s se -ioos oe seen ee odinide 2460 crassilabris ....-.-----. 2458 CYOLAHNUS (2222 oe eee a 2459 pacificus 2-42 2244. =2- 2460 paucidens’... 2. 325..52<2 2460 WVColigtsccesse ese seats eee eee 2869 erassilabris: 2-2 922-- ee ae: 2869 Grovauina = sae ee ee 2869 WyyConeches en... acs sseereen =e ene 2444 alentensis: =i 5-22-55: 2444 i yVCoOnOMas. os sacccoenase eee eee . 2474 Darbabue aes acesee want 2474 lynceum, Etheostoma .----..-...--- 1075 lynx deimeloduss:s:=522+-s2s- 256268 138 Lyoliparis:.=20-02:-2 2: 2114, 2116, 2126 TRY DINBDIe ven ene ne enna aa ees 404 sy OPOMT Senesssas sea = sae eee ere 606 ACY OPSC Ula nc meee ees coe eee 2612 OXtlis'2s22 2222 seeowasee ses 2612 | InyOSPHOIAtes = ase 252 eee an ae ne 1751 PlODOSaS Sse eas eee 1751 lyricus, Euctenogobius.-..-.--. Oy 2225 Gobints=524¢-2ec0er eee 2224 | lythrochloris, Xenotis.....---...--- 1003 | Mi DES TE ON een ae eiereieir ae eee ee 1311 flaviguttatum -.5.-2-2.-.- 1312 opalescens' 2222255252. 3 1312 IVthrargs 2 f2ssertene ss senate 254, 258, 297 SULLPOS+ == ee: oss eee ee 300 cyanocephalus....-..-.- 300 lythrurus, Notropis.......-----.--- 300 umbratilis..-.-. 300 Wiyonity pHUR ss — <= ace 2210, 2216, 2230 | MacaDI. 22 oben acme essai eee ine 411 Miacana). ..«:2225 529 - Stee eee 841 macarellus, Carans<- 22 2s.eosee=-- 909 Decapterus -...-...---- 909 IMR Gaia see ee aan eee eae ee 890 macaskeyi, Ictalurus>.2222.-e5----- 318 macclellandii, Bregmaceros .----- -- * 2526 macdonaldi, Acutomentum..--.-.-.- 1787 Conocara---...---..--. 457 Cynoscions sac2tes. 5.5 1411 Fandulus) 2. ..225-<.-- 651 Nannobrachium ...... 563 Notropis: 2.22.22 25-22%; 284 | IPenopas) 2-223 eee 2521 Salmo clarkii......---- 2819 MY MISS eee = «= 497 Debastoilest2s-2n-=2- 1786 Zygouectes..:....----) 651 Macdonaldia: 2.22.2 -030tenrea-.t - 616 BGR e4 oes ot pe meeeaees 2826 challengeri-.:....--.... 617 longa esse sees? cee 2826 | Macdonaldia rostrata ..........-.-- macellus, Prionistius..............- macer, Polyprosopus..---.......--- Macheera. - 330 (SCUBUS ose ee eee eee as 1428 Wrasrodonophis':.-6-/2sses2240 50.2. 386 macroptera, Conocara..-...-..-.---- 457, 458 mierda eens a8 387 Goniobatis =--<---..-: 88 macrodus, Squalus. ......--......--- 47 | macropterum, Hypentelium...-..--- 181 macrogenis, Cerna -----...--------- 1181 macropterus, Alepocephalus -....-. 458 macrognathum, Opisthognathus -. - 2281 Balistes)22si-2< ose 1707 Macrognathus...........-.....-.-.. 759 Centrarchus ........- 988 brevirostris-------.. 723 TsabTOs = i3)205% os ose 988 LORICHUNG: secs) - a= =~ 110 Diyas 5 oer ae 871 macrognathus, Opisthognathus . --. 2282 macropus, Malacoctenus.-.--....-.. 2357 macrolepidota, Anchovia-.-.--..----- 449 Miys0GGs o5o- 52 =te se 2357 POeOlliae secs = <2 -- 641 Macrorhamphoside -................ 758 macrolepidotum, Moxostoma.- .----- 193 | Macrorhamphosus...........--.----- 759 macrolepidotus, Catostomus - ------ 194 scolopax ....---. 759 Chietodon ......-.- 1677 macrorhinus, Acipenser....-....--- 105 Engraulis .....--. 449 macrorhynchus, Hemirhamphus -.. 724 Fundulus hetero- macrospila, Piramutana..........-.. 155 Chiiuneeensse ws Gib Ma crostonlds== 5052 042- 5 eae Soe 554 Leuciscus ---.---- 224 | angustidens........-. 555, 2826 Notropis ......--. 299 | brachychir ---...---.-- 2826 Pleuronectes ..-.- 2672 castaneum ..-.......--. 556 Pogonichthys ---- 223 | caudispinosum -...-.-. 559, 2826 Stolephorus ....-.. 449 | margaritiferum ..-..--. 555 macrolepis, Pontinus ...--......... 1855 | quercinum .....-..-.-. 5a4 macronema, Pimelodus ..-....---.- 155 | macrostoma,Cyprinella .....--...-. 274 macronemus, Bagrus-.-....-.--.------ 17 Pennies s2-5--35= 1297 Nemipterus .-.--...-. 1289 Salmo ses bet2 S56 481 Polynemus ----.---.... 828 | macrostomum, H:emulon..-.--.-.-..--- 1296 Synserinyes <5. 23. 2-. 1289 | macrostomus, Acipenser......----- 106 macrophthalma, Clupea..----...-.. 430 | Notropis: ~-=.-<'.--<<- 274 : Harengula.....-... 250) PRE AOTOUn he =~ -Seueasea= senna 2561 macrophthalmus, Aprion .-..----. 1280; T2815) Macrownines>.< .552.6-2 see ee 2562 Garans: 2 oc~ 6 OY)" EACrONEHSs 2-2 c8 S52 sees wane 2581 Centropristis ---- 1281 ACTOISP Is) =. oat see a= 2585 Elastoma..-.-..-..-.. 1281 Daivtt- 42560. = 2583 Gobiesox .....-.. 2335 Perdies.2fis-s--t 55 - 2581 Priacanthus .... 1238 GINGHONNes- asses. eee 2586 Sardinella .....-. 430 fahvigi =<) 4-A20 ao 2582 Scomber ..-...- — 867 holotrachys'=<- =. .'s-=- - 2582 macropoma, Bollmannia.........--. 2239 loping. 2-=p eu eo 2584 Centropristis.......... 1206 PURPOSES) cose eee = 2582 Dipleetrum: © == ..2.26<- 1205 stelgidolepis.-........-.- 2585 MaGTONS= 96H Heese e eee sa eee ee 1281 SEROM) esse tea oe 2579 oculatus.2s sera. sess 1283 | macrourus, Alopias...........----- 46 3026 Index. Page Page MaCrOZ0ALCES = on e- oa. ace ee eee 2456 maculatus, Leptoclinus .......----.- _ 2433 macrura, Congermurena..--------- 356 Lipariit. /<.2t32eeeeee 2108 Macroroplus' 2-2. -=<-secese-- == 2581 Lumpents -25-2-eae- 2433 macrurum, Ophisoma..--------.--- 357 Monoprion:. 222-s-.5eem= 1109 Maerarus © 2-0 )5--- 25> -seee eter =e 2581 Mullhypeneus-.-....-.- 859 Rerolepis= ----2he5 aes 2585 | Mullus: si: esuee seen 859 ASPOL places a= see eee 2572 Nomets..:..assseeceea 950 Carminatus 4-0 222.2---- 2589 Nothonotus ..-.-..--.- ‘ee 1077 CarLibbeus.. 292 sce—s te S-< 2590 Notcthynchus -.-....... 17 dorsalisis.ccasess eee; 2585 NGtropis 2-2sceqsse eee 259 firmisquamis .....-.--.-- 2576 Ostracion. ... “225 2-e-eer 1725 ZOOS. 2. Ke see ee 2572 Pimelodtis;<-2-- sSeeeeee 135, 155 (Nematonurus) magnus 2574 Platypeecilus=2s2s262. == 686 OCGA. cas eee eee ee 2588 Pleuronectes -...-:-..-. 2660 pectoralis:! $2536 225 -5..e- 2574 Procerus ss22 6-2 Seas 102 TUpesteisisis- 5-2 -s-ssees 2579 Psenes ..5--<-s5suaess9e 951 SCaphopsis s2a4-4-4-ee ee 2590 Rhypticus -..-..-...... 1234 simuUlUs =.6458-o8a25-o2e= 2578 Scomber’ -2.ts-e2secent 867, 874 suborbitalis’{ssere-.-- === 2573 Scomberomorus. ....... 874, 875 macrurus, Oxydontichthys -.----.--- 385 Nerranus's<-ssee sere 1153 macularius, Cyprinodon -.--------- 674 Spheritless 222522 2-see 1733 baileyi. --. 675 Spheroidés 2i<.25225eee 1733 MAC wl sha ANON so ntoene atte mace 1109 Sticheus .--2.2-2a225. sae Belone <.-cnssee ealteot 718 Upeneus o2.252-.022 Sse 858 Hemitremia.....--..---- 259 | naculicauda, Diabasis ........... ee 1314 Lophopsetta --...---..-- 2660 Hemulon)-<._s224225-8 1314 Moroney sesso oe aee ee 1010 Orthostcechus ....--. 1313 Murena nigra. .--:-.---: 395 | maculiter, Diodon -.-2.....--...-.-- 1747 Nerophisee: sesese eee 774 | Platophrys.....--...-... 2664 Peres j.420 S35 eae ee 1153 Pleuronectes -.. 22 5.55206 2665 Scisonau. 2-G2teeseaee eae 2198 | maculiferus, Hypoplectrus..-...... 1192 maculaticeps, Boleosoma nigrum -. 1058 | . Rhomboidichthys-.--. 2665 maculatofasciatus, Paralabrax-.---. 1196 | maculipinna, Cheerojulis .........-. 1595 Serranus -...---- 1196 Halichayres'-.s45 sos0 1595 maculatum, Boleosoma .......--- 1057, 1077 Tridio' =i22aotsaeeeeee 1594 Cybinme 2 es222 ee 874 JUS). S20 cee eeeeae ae 1595 Cynoscion. --:------=-- 1409 Platyglossus -.....--. 1595, Etheostoma .......---- 1077 | maculipinnis, Achirus.........-..- 2698 ; maculatus, Alvordius.........--- 1032, 1034 Exoceetus ...-...--.- 737 Amnarrhichas.2=5:22.=2- - 2446 Herosi:1 sso s2-28nase 1529 Apopenis ss stce-eeee se 1109 : Isogomphodon ...-.- 40 ] Aulostomus,2ss:2-2 205-5 754 Monochir .-:2--.-cse 2698 Balistes:.<5-- 2.222524 1707, 1708 Murenas.. ~ 1994 VAP Eo 4 398: Erie 1994 MaAlncoctengs...-<. <2. 2sese5e~s02-- 3356 biguttatus -..-.-..--- 2360 bimaculatus.......--- 2358 délalandh ..2-22455-=- 2358 QUE aoe <2 eee 2358 lngubrige-<-22-te sen 2357 WMACIGDUBY s=-- sec eae 2357 ocellatns: = 2:..-s-3- 2356, 2869 VATiUS =< 2002=--2-2 == 2357 VETSiCOlOr--—.-==<--> 2359 (SMESIACOSLRIGSS ..<<—% o-5.cnc 4 ae emame 592 Wulecoslens..-. 2-2. --ccmevosc nee sae 592 DIPOr ona ena ae eee 593 Malanterinip o-- 32-25 Jsesb= sas \- 1572 maiarmoides, Aspidophorus ...---- 2054 Maletta ozrulea....-.-...---------- 423 maliger, Sebastichthys.-.----.----- 1823 Sepaatodes). 2.22. 2-4-5 sts 1822 malleus, Squalus..-......-..-.--.--- 45 LY CRND. a mie «2 Sn oases 45 MIGUAGHB 7-36 a5 oes ocean 520 SVELLOSUS as no oe ae tate 520 i OL C1 77 ee op eee B12 ey Vat E 507, 508 maimsa. Salmo .....-.2s29-42e25-=- =. 508 Salvelinus)cs25222-2520-25 507, 2823 Wali ieW co acne ae eee eee en 2 se 2736 angusta.-..---.--.---.---- 2738 IGUPYNSIA ssn ne a= - === 2737 VED eS 2 Es eS See 2737 MOAI ie ae ee en ee a 2737 troneata,. 2: 7. sas. s-cs 2738 WOSsSpOertalin Se = <25-5----5 2737 Malthe. 5... 22-82 5-ne eae s Se 2736 Gubiizens 22-2592 -256=- --—= = 2738 BERS oe 2739 Mammoth Cave Blindfish .----..-.-. 706 (ERTS. Gee C oe Oa tsa Soca ee 205 managuensis, Heros -.--...-------- 1533 Pimelodus..-.--.---.- 153 Bhamdia' 5.2222 222252 153 TATRA Pa 2 24 55 Bos See oe ae 93 manatinas, Barathrodemus...------ 2517 Mancalias).2ci< -eaaeeee eee 1319 Marina, Perca...-- <+61jo-o5-0duses 1761 cauda nigra .-......- 1303 gibbosa, ¢sc2.2.0-2-== 1295 pinnis j4eses ages 1259 sectatrixwc! Ae up..-2 1388 Venenosa....22.55.--<- 1172 Umbla minor vee 522 ee. ae. 823 marinus, Ailurichthys~.-.--------. 2 118 ESOX)s. 520s seo = eee eee 714 Waber 2252) scaasae oe eee 1668 Felichthys' i234 3322246 118 Petromyzon - -.32s2s2s= ee 10 camtschat- ieus'sihs255 2745 dorsatus.-.-.- 10 unicolor --.-.- 10 Raja diabolus.......2.--5- 93 Sebastes «.<.2ss2e2222-2 1760, 1761 viviparus .....-- 1761 Serpens maculosus --.-..- 382 Silurus. .-:.5-229-5es=ee- 118 ‘Tylosurus’s22-- eee eee 714 ‘Mariposas—. 2. as2cs-ee=eae eee 953, 954 marimorata, Amia..-...--2.0ssssseus 113 Pteroplates..=:..c:-see 87 Unibranchapertura .... 342 marmoratum, Lepophidium ....-. 2482, 2483 marmoratus, Ameiurus ..--....----- 141 nebulosus - 141 Antennarius .....-..- 2717 Auchenopterus. ..-.-- 2371 Cott» «i ssciede eee 1983 ‘ “a + ~ Index. Page. marmoratus, Cremnobates .--...--- 2371 Hemitripterus...-.. 1889, 2022 Pimeloduse=sss=-<-=- 141 Rhinichthys. ---..---. 306 Rivullus = oes-es ccs, 663, 2830 Scorpenichthys..---- 1889 Spheroides*=2---..-5-- 1734 Symbranchus..--..---. 342 AER spe co Se bon 537 marmorea, Rabula .--.-2522-026--.- 391 marmoreum, Siphostoma..-.....--- 768 marmoreus, Blenninus ..-...-.------ 2381 Gymnothorax ......--- 391 Murenophis......-.-.- 391 Syngnathus -........-- 768 MAraIPODLANGHI ov. 5..s<-~ssmmesce 4 WATSON SANG. .--.-s5s.s-- loco ees 516 Salvelinus oquassa-.--.-- 515 mart, Cyprinodon ..............-- 675 martii, Pristigaster.......-......-- 438 iMertm Peseador=.2--52-..-525-. <2. 2724 martinica, Atherina..............-- 795 MartaAniaicsce-=e-ccce =~ 795 IMFONTOKSs. ts>5 se aceteee ss 795 SPICRE Alaa = = os one mos -- 1364, 1365 martinicensis, Aylopon .-.-...-...--- 1228 Holanthias......---.. 1228 Menticirrhus.....--. 1473 IMaMap MIN << o-=co5 55> 774 Novacula.--.--..---: 1617 Novaculichthys -.--. 1616 Ocyanthias.-......... 1228 | Odontanthias ....-.. 1228 | Uimbrinass-ssceseee 1474 | Womer'oo>. 22.2525. - 934 Xyrichthys -........ 1617 marimicus, GObias...--.22./...-<-. 2236 Syn OT Se = ae ae 1365 a pONGNsn---ce- = eee = 2 859 NERRIMNAPUSD. -s.2 5-4 2¢ sce nace oe 504 ManOsIGNSUS =) teas ae = ee ee 625, 626, 629 maschalespilos, Scarus-..-........-- 1642 | Sparisoma.....--.. 1641 | WES IO RP Wire eee = oe - 629 | HIBRODI AIO sae ee cass cen =o 501 masquinongy, Esox.-.--- oof aE 629 immaculatus -. 630 DiWeMinT ss 3-5-5. -56 629 immaculatus 630 ohiensis -.--. 629 massachusettensis, Monacanthus. --. 1716 massiliensis, Scorpzena-.-..--..-.--- 1139 WUSSHOHTA =~ 2 ssc deaeee acne teeta ae 59, 79 MNGOMEIG = sa ss2c shee canes see sce ses 848 WIANGO tee se eee ew cenc 2275, 2276 ROAlAs Ge etas oe sese eae 410 Page. matejuelo,. mphiprion..........-.. 849 mathematicus, Tetrodon .-......... 1728 Wathemeg/ Src! mo eo ae Sate eee nam 137 matoides, Acanthurus.............. 1693 matsubare, Sebastodes...-.-.-....- 1833 MiahtOw AG@ele =n nace cen eee ae cose 425 mattowacca, Clupea .--..-.--------. 426 matutinus, Alburnellus ............ 301 Mamie: soos. sense 301 Notropis..-..---: Besse 301 umbratilis .... 301 matzubare, Sebastodes............. 1796 mauricei, Argyriosus............... 936 mauritii, Chetodon..--.-.-..-...--- 1562 HlGOUIS) Ursae corse ae eeeee 950 Grammistes .......7...... 1323 maurolici, Scopelus..............-.- 577 Mianrolicids't<.=-.2.c-cssen-- cence 576 WESDITOIIOLIN Taseo ces ae ce coat ete ee 576 amethystino-punctatus 577 attenuatus............. 577 WORGRUB S— secs se set oae 577 LONG) yee ae oe 577 PeuMaalhys | 2. ee nt eros 577 tripunctulatus ........ 578 maxillaris, Lotella.......£5......--. 2546 Murenoides ...........- 2418 Petes ald be Ee eae PD Sep Rs sore eee 327 | maxillingua Cyprinus.............. 327 Exoglossum..-...-..... 327 | maxillosa, Gnathypops..-.........-- 2284 maxillosus, Gnathypops ........-..-. 2284 Opisthognathus ..-.... 2284 Rhinichthys.- .-........ 307 THAMIMA NOMCNO aces cases eoess eae 51 | maximus, Cetorhinus .............. 51 Hippoglossus ........-.- 2612 Dai: yey see te ee 1580 Lachnolemus-.....-.... 1580 Lachnolaimus.....--.... 1579 Selaehnea nas os esas sce es 51 ie UTA es 51 maycus, Salmo omisco ..-..---.-.-.- 487 Rea Le Ete lees ae tie Se ee 639 Maynea brunnea..-.-:..--..--..------ 2476 RUBIN 2502 oo eee Se 2476 Sy SUCK Gh oc cna ecne enemas 199 } mazatlana, Seriola....---.-:.--...- 904 Solew -/s2s5 5225 ceeees 2699 mazatlanum, Hwemulon .........--. 1314 mazatianus, Achirus..-2-...-5-...- 2698 | McCloud Kiver Rainbow Trout ---. 502 meadis, .Wlocentra:. 55. s-c<--s-5-s- 2852 meanyi, Ruscarius................. 1908 1G ORR Ronce sane Seren arta 328 gd ea ib ee eee ee Se Bee 329 3030 Index. Page. media; Palometa.:.-..2¢i- te ee 2849 Medialuna 2222266 s-.ceeolee eee 1390, 1391 californiensis -....--.... 1391 Medislunas:.-- 52 s2- ae sect ea 1390 mediocri, Clupea-.-----..5--..---<. 426 mediocris, Pomolobus.-.----.--.---- 425 medirostris, Acipenser--..---------- 104 | mediterranea, Chimera..-....-..--- 95 ABTiMais son.stet os 4= 537 Sarda -s285544)55--e 872 mediterraneus, Hoplostethus .-.-.--- 837 Lopharis* ..2< 325-2 947 Seombers: jose. -J--% 872 Sternoptyx.....--.- 604 Abi tha iil: pas eres. en 370 medius, Anisarchus.........--.---- 2436 Galamug?. soc osnckeeeee == 1355 Centropomus .....--..-.-.-. 1120 Glintis).3235222 ew eee 2436 Grammateust..--:-----..---- 1356 Dim pens 2-5. == siac- =e 2435 Myoxocephalus.......----- 1983 Rhombus: 526-25 se see wos 967 DULCNBUB ee eas ee eee sae 2436 Matlropall (isos 525-. 8s aoe eceeoe = cue 904 medusicola,Caranx - 2. 22.25-..-¢ 2-¢ 924 medusophagus, Schedopholus....-. 970 mock, Hy hopsiss. 2a< -escte sense 317 megacephalus, Calamus-.-....--- 1350, 1351 Chitonotus .--.....-. 1891 Teelusiectacessee ee: 1891 Ne SaMEDIS =n sere en ne eee ee 402 megalaspis, Acipenser.....-----.--- 105 megalepis, Doratonotus -...-..----- 1612 Mepalobryeon-- 22 oa22-- nee ee 337 Megalocottus;.222- 22-2 a Stee 1987 laticeps.<-2.=c-sse2=2 1988 | platycephalus ..-...-- 1987 megalodon, Pristis'....--..---..+--- 61 Meéegaloping.. 2: 2ts. oko merece tere 408 Megalops atlanticus .......-.. Soar 409 cepediana.*:222.22-46-6 = 416 @longatuss 225320456 a5 52 409 NOVA sae eee een 432 oglitia cs 23S. 2) eee BE 432 thrissoldes. S22 sre ete 409 | megalops, Alburnellus .-.......-_. 291 | Alburnas). 2326 291 Clapes 2-2: - 5.5 -assst2 2c 426 Cy prinusye734.c. 28 -Socee 282 Ditwemaed Fs 3 «segert .-<223-se esas 996 Minytrema..-.--.---...- 187 Sebastes ---..-=.-..----. 1783 Sebastodes.....-...-.. 1782, 1783 Ly COneCtes 5 = ao ewe 682 | melanopterum, Pristipoma..-....-. 1319 melanopterus, Balistes.....---.--.- 1707 meélanopus, Arins'<..<2 2 .===eeeee 132 Tachyearus. soe s-o 132, 2784 | melanorhina, Plectropoma....-:...- 1192 | melanospilum, Diagramma........- 1321 | melanostictus, Hippoglossoides.... 2618 Psettichthys ....... 2618 | Melanostigma.......--...-.----.--- 2478 gelatinosum -.-...-.-.- 2479 pammelas ........- 2479, 2869 Melanostigmatineg .....--..-..--..- 2456 a Bisa Index. 3031 . Page. melanostomus, Sebastodes ..-....-.- 1803 melanothus, Holacanthus .-.....-.-- 1728 melanotis, Limamurzna --.------.--. 402 Minas eee se ot - = 401 Peendojulis = 81-7. 2. 1605 s CAIRNS =. va. 2 5 2h eater ea - 1638 | melanotus, Catostomus..-..--..-- 206, 218, 322 ee ee ee eee 623 annnlata. n= sa. Soo koe 624 | melanurum, Cichlasoma.......--.-. 1523 Hamuilon: xtactac 3 1302, 1303 | Lemonema.-...--=-=--- 2557 IPELea \... 32 801 Clara] 2225 oa ease Sas < 801 GGBtGX. 226-5 yee Cae 801 SAUDOTEN tL ten mace 798 rachis: eer ao) a eee 797 perylling <~Ss-2--—- 797 | Page. Menidia guatemalensis .....------ 801, 2840 Martinica, .--..2e = AE eee 795 MCDIGIN see eas se 800 notatias=2.. 52... -. 2840 TIOtALA sacle cee set ate 800, 2840 PAChViepis..-p=sss2eee- == 801, 2840 Peniusglwes.ccssesase 5-151 797 Sardinay.-\ Asc eens hanes 799 Vagrans ----.--------..---- 795 laciniata- =. 5.<-='+ 795 menidia, Argentina-.....--..--.---- 443 PUA ct yf ee ee eee 801 Atherinichthys -...--...-- 800 Mondial .*222<-ns-nseseets 800 » NOrate ~a5.842-ne= 2840 Menominee Whitefish.-.........--. 465 menona, Fundulus diaphanus ....-. 645 mentalis, Platypecilus.-..-........- 686 MISMO T RNG oe 2-54 5 voestenen eae 1469, 1470 SI DOINNS. <<\eesens eee 1475 americanus -.....----- 1474 Gionratus™ = .-.:-->-24. 1476 IGtOTHLIS. 3~2seRs eS 1477 martinicensis......... 1473 NASUS2 = -5-ee-eneeeee 1263 merluccius, Gadus --.--.--2-+.----- 2530 ricardl.....2..- -aseeseeeee 1273 Merluccius....-....-.- 2530 TOS2COUS= oo. ene eee eee 1267 Merlucius albidus........-.......-- 2531 SODTa 22 52k se seeet sete 1266 attenuatus ...-.-....---. 2546 uninotatus) 3. e-ess--s=s6 1271 lan abasiseecencees see aa 2530 ViVanUs)!s =< eee 1263 Merlus ...--. ae Sheds hao eee Sey) VOPAK.: .'. 4, oes 1281 mierlas, Gadusie - jqacclatn sete nee 2530 | mesops, ATius....--.-----------s--6 123 MGrOn cost ae hcn acer ena earner 1154, 1162 Bagrus) <.....ivobeeueen ee 123 devlos Alto). ..J-.se essere seers 1161 Sciadeichthys ..---...-.-- 123, 2760 MSO 2c s-tSseeessee ss cose eee 1154, 1780 Tachisurus: -..--~2).5oeeee=er 123 merriami, Empetrichthys ...------. 667 | Mesopus.:.- -<--c- <3 Bee eee 524 Mertens, |COLOS 25. o-s6-44eee eee 1986 | olidus...4. =.= 3.223402 525 meru, Holocentrus ---....-.....----- 1154 | mesotrema, Asternotremia..-.-..-- i 787 . Merulintts:.-2-< ose. seee eer 2148, 2149, 2156 | metallica, Agosia..-...------.--.... 314 MIGIUS cece eminent eee seine 1148 | Hcheneis.......j2s-2aeee ee 2270 merus, Centropristis -......--...... 1162 Heterandria 3-ss5- = eee 687 Hipinephelus 5-2 <---s..-----.< 1162 | metallicus, Girardinus ---...-.-.-.. 687 meseum, Boleosoma nigrum ..------ 1059 Notropis .----- arabe 0 297 meseus, Pecilichthys ..-...-.-..--.- 1059 | metamorensis, Limia-.-...........: 700 . a mesogaster, Exoccetus ...-.---.---- 729 | Metoponops (22-2 see. 2 aneeae eee 2678 Parexocetus ...-.-..-. 728 COOPOT 1. . -.nsccteeeee see 2680 MESO LODIUS cen eic oe eee eee ane 2210 | Metrogaster.<-.-.> e-.eemeeee es eeeee 1498 Z WWIGSOPONIS THES eee cee eee ane ole 994 lineolatus’...i22¢eeeee= 1499 Chetogdon ss. s2eer 995 | meéulini, Diodon-.~2.-te-s--eeeeee 1748 ; MGsOprion scorn. sae eer ecta ames 1247: Me! Wiaru. v:. 5205 1829 ; ambipnuss.o--. sees eee 1272 Tolconoko 2. eeeeeaeeeen 1829 a ANUS ve oan nee lante ae 1266 | Mexican Sole: .cccene-22) peeeee eee 2698 APAUIS ceo =r eet ee 1274 | mexicana, Poecilia-s-- 222 eee eee 692 argentiventris.--...-.-- 1261 | mexicanum, Dorosoma..-.---..----- 416 armilloc sce eese emer mia 1279 Myctophum .-.--..---. 563 aurorubens. 2-2. se. oa 1278 Nannobrachium ...--- 562 aurovittatus...-.-.----- 1276 | mexicanus, Amblyopus --.--------- 2264 BY Bio.che eee Pe eres San rs 1264 AWA0US. 25 2debee ss ee 2237 buccanella....--....---. 1262 | Centropomus..-......-- 1121 caballerote ...---....--- 1257 Chatoessus 2 ss2r7:22-<- 416. campechanus ..-----..-- 1265 Chronophorus ....--.--- 2237 caudanotatus -..-..---.- 1262 Gerres.i.s See Seen 1380 CAXIS epeeeee cere aes. ae 1260 Gobins:22s22 see. ee oes 2237 ChrySUrUs = --sssemeee = 1276 Mupgil22. st sees 813 cyanopterus ....-.------ 1255 | Pempheris.....-.-.---- 978 CYyMOGON -6 ee eeeae 1255, 1260 Saurns ~J2.ase-ceseee 538 dentatug 2522 2222:--23- 1279 | Tetragonopterus -..--- 335 elegans). 22s. c-este ser am 1278 miarchus, Stolephorus..--...--.--- 441 flavescens .....--....... 1260 | Michigan Cisco ......--...-+------- 469 PTISCUB sere sees ne toe 1257 | Grayling{.=2.ce.-4-eeeeee 518 PutbaiUsesss.se-2s-7s-4- 1269 | Herring: 2; s2<3steeeeoeeee 468 INERIMIS: sree wee eestats 1275 | Kieye 2 ssah2cstse eee 469 1s0dOn'= 2apeesenacese aos 1267 | Micristius .< 2.225. cse0—=s== =e 633 JOCU sss 2 Set cece eekess 1258 | Micristodus: :=-22-.525sseeeese=eeee 52 L[hdex. Page. Micristodus punctatus -.....--...-. 52 microcephala, Cynoglossa .--.------ 2655 Plaiessaes 2.222 = 2654 microcephalus, Gasterosteus wil- liamsoni: == 2-5=-. 751 Pleuronectes -....-- 2654 Somniosus -......-. 57 SQ ENT Seep ene 57 MaGrOdeSIMUS:=2>-5s5255.2.2222-525- 2450 Hote Sees eesa- <= 2450 retropinnis -.-.-...-... 2450 microdon, Cyclothone ..--..-.---.- 582, 2826 GOplnns ==) 555-526-202 - 5 2227 Gonostoma........--.--- 582 ORMERUSE Seo --- ae e2 521 Pseudotriakis -.......--- 27 MAGEGAONOPNIS 22-22-2202. oceccnee 381 MECTOPAMUS <---------+------2---- 2538 PLOXUMNUS 6-2 ae 2539 tOMCOGs 2 -2- =~ 2-32 se 2540 micrognathus, Lonchopisthus ---.--- 2287 Opisthognathus -.--. 2287 PTGLOCO DION =s sence. ase cee acces. 2242 syclolepis..-22--~<---. 2247 SMlepis= = cesscss ss ene 2244 DINORIS so nc= ne ees a 2243 AION ANS ene no melee os = 2246 thalassinus ~---....-... 2245 microlepidota, Gila -.-:.-......-...- 207 Microlepidotus.--...--.- So8s ISI Os 1341 é inornatus -..-..-..-- 1341 microlepidotus, Cestreus..-..--.--- 1415 Cynoscion -....--.. 1415 Labrisomus .....-- 2363 Labrosomus ....-... 2364 Orchodon's: 222252 207 Otolithus.2220ss-5> 1415 Microlepis ~--..----2:.:. Er ene 228 microlepis, Antimora .............. 2545 Epinephelus -..-.....--- 1178 Lepophidium..........-. 2486 IMECTGCON a: = 225-5 5-5-2s 330 Mycteroperca .-........ 1177 SEMsGtro pisses =>) 2-5 - oe 1178 microlophus, Pomotis-............. 1008 WEST GINGB TS «20 erase len acess 3 90, 91 MEIGTOMOGUEOS sens eee eneae ae an = 1496, 1498 aggregatus ........... 1499 TrBNAR = Seen 2s. 2 3 1499 TOSAeENS so; 2 1500 micronema, Peristethus.........-.. 2182 micronemus, Peristedion........--. 2182 | Microperbass .<2 92550-5252 22 eee tae 1103 | fopbicola .2 2-24 e sees 1104 prmliarigs: 22 522+ 22. - 1103 punctulata ..-.-........ 1104 3030 115 Page. microperca, Etheostoma............ 1104 Mucrophises< siesc- as. cn nhs sas sens as 773 microphthalmum, Hemulon ......- 1296 microphthalmus, Dormitator ...... 2198 SHOrOs= = —a--c cee 1536 Tetragonopterus. 334 MIGrONOLOM anaes se Bane canes oe ate 1461 altipinnis ....... Doce 1464 SEPONLOUS » . acc-sccnsseveccts 820 INGDMG sates nictasescnea= 1417 OURO eee eae ae 1415 dae Page| VT Re ete ea a a 1355 PIG WEIOUS acctcanssaces ase 1232 Stelliter =~ 225.2 caene 1445 MEG ION ELEM fore oe ane ie oe ae 712 | microptera, Rhamdia .............. 153 NMNGrODEGEING o---<2esercacscecuesms 986 WTO RbAEHE oh can cae seeks ane ae 1010 dolommieu: 2--22---45= => 1011 salmoides -.-.......-..- 1012 micropterus, Etheostoma..........- 1083 Pimeloduss>-+.ss-2-= 153 IVECO OOE So ane eae ae see ae a 2 901, 937 GHEVERTUN == aenssno= 938 cosmopolita.........-. 938 mivropteryx, Alburnellus.......... 297 MEM acess ee 297 iNetropis 22:5 ae.--< 296 Platysomus ...-.-.... 934 micropus, Gasterosteus ............ 744 microrhynchus, Acipenser..-.-..--. 106 microrrhinos, Pseudoscarus.......- 1655 Microspathodon: =22>-- -22. 2sess = 1565 azurissimus...---. 1570 Dae F-5 S555 226 1566, 1567 chrysurus-......---. 1567 cinereus -......-..- 1570 dorsalis -.....--. 1568, 1570 ’ azurissimus 1570 3034 Index. Page. Microspathodon dorsalis cinereus. - 1570.) ‘Miniellus;:: 0252 S.< == 7.sncne eee Miveabtus|..---+--=- 1567 | minima, Abeona ..-----....----.--. Microspathodontine -.--.--.--.---. 1544 Gichla: - <2... 6 es eee microstigmius, Myrophis -.--------- 371 Clupea, 2. <= -2-cas eee enees microstoma, Cliola ..----...---.--.- 264 Perea) :. 23. - ease eee Crenilabrus..*-......- 1576 | minimus, Cymatogaster......-..-.. Scartella << 2--.. 23... .. 2384 miniofrenatus, Scarus.......---.--. Tetragonopterus ..---- 334 | Mink, Sea. :---2. 52 .--=2ssee eee Uranitesa 2. fol ssenee 1958 Minnilus,altipinnis ..----.-.....-.. Microstomides2eeeems Microstoming®: -~.-----s.0.ssen-t a= = 527 | " ard6us =-2 .. <-peaee eee Macrostomnsg).oossesencenae ees ces. 2653 | aTIOMMUS 5o- so. setae greenlandicus.-..-.--- 528 | SUTIPOS =~ 42-2 = dene ee Le) ete 55 Sma 2654 | bellws <222 eo eee eee latidens ......-.-..--- 2654 | bivittatus ........---2--- pacificus:-.....-...... 2655 | blennius 2.22 cassemes Coe microstomus, Blennius .--.----.--.- 2385 cercostigma......---..-.- Citharichthys .-....-. 2688 | chalybzeus' -i2s' s2se- sae Conger s-es-n25-6-R= 356 | chlorocephalus..-..--...-- Etropus ......-.... 2687, 2690 chrosomus®: - -=2-seoece=e BUG WEE yeni 5 262 COCCOZENIS --.-2 5. --occces Pleuronectes..-..--. 2654 COYNUbUS( <--aese= eee micrurum, Syacium -.----.---.---.- 2672 cyanocephalus ....-..-.-- Midshipman sos =2-.5> eee eee 2817, 2321 dinemus: = -s22s2.s5a-ee 1.) Wl fe TST ae ne Ie = 2819 | dipleming .--2<3.c25sseees milberti, Acipenser ..---..-.....--- 105 jejunus. so 5.c sone e eee LSA aes gael S6S552 128 jemezanus....-....5..2.27 Carcharhinus :....-.....- 7 lacertosus: --...---------- (Carcharias)- co. -=s-heo==== 37 | leuciodns. += .sshe=seceae Mulamin. = 2222-2 oss-caeae 37 livns 323-2 <> scse cea milbertianus, Syngnathus -.....--- 771 lntipinnis. . ..seaass se -ae =e osae= 414 plumbeolus -......:...... milktschitch, Salmo..-.......------ 48 | punctulatus:<25-5--seneee milleri, Bathylagus ----..--..--.---- 2825 TOSGUS: 22. se see—eeeee Matier’s “Chomb me se-aee eae 1941, 1950 | rubellus.< =) soca ee millipunctatus, Gasterosteus --.--. 752 | rubricroceus ........---.-.- milneri, Nocomis .-.----------..--- 324 rubrifrons:<.--5 == eee Pacclluss Asc. -san-eere =e 1355 | rubripinnis2- sane SParws p.. cae eee aso 2523 LETS SS ae Se Ieee 670,671 mixtus Gadus tomcodus .........-.- 2540 ERROR SEES Sos. Soest esc ot a: 13h] MICE POG = = aan a= ste nine a ome kee oa 2364 Lip ee ee Pee 171 macrocephalus............ 2364 delphinus, 545223555. ile Mona. < soo. sae aera TE ee 91 ARRON coce Seana icceaa= 170 | “‘modesta, Cheonda-...........-..... 234 platyrhynchus..........- 170 iA DTISIA ac as~ toc seaee = 693 minor, Anarhichas .....-2.5.---.... 2446 Pimelodella. ce sceuseas 154 AMATERICH AR 4. —~ = Jase ete =. 2446 modestum, Hzemulon.........--.--- 1340 Aphanopus. =o .02tae---2<- 885 | modestus, Julis ......--.-.......... 1601 Atinga alter orbicularis .... 1749 | CO GIOUIB eee ase acto « 1601 Cyclopterus liparis......... 2121 | EnMGlOGUS; —- caswendasm'ae 154 SSTRSIN EW VE) Ree een oe a 1442 POMANES TR 5 ace nsieuenes 1321 Wmblamarimna cs) scence 823 | Peeudoimlis'-. se-mencnea- 1601 minutillus, Chriolepis.....--......- 2205 SOMSIINS ) zoo oa ase se 234 ELS) COUMS- —~ a= << goicd o2 ote 1958 SOVICNENMS Soon sume 1619 Cyclopterus -2=2.--:..---- P07 ie WE DIB a aie eeeen ow amen aes Seer 2510 COPCUNT ( ( ae ae ae ood apn eae eae 2097 pC) fs een a 2511 yD 1 1 186 | mcerens, Gonopterus ..-.-..-------. 1688 BUStKINUMGCGs cls ..c. os 192) RAO NAPE ence 6 aincwinen anes Sean 1373, 1374 MTC LANDS: onc ae'sas 52% 187) one, COnas .... oe ccm aniemewiaeeeeee 2438 minytremus, Gyrinichthys .--...-.. PR CY a GE re AB eee 2 Pe Es ee 1379 MMTGNUNMIB chuceeacacydatc See seaec =o 1106 | Al mejero: '; 528-522 S ce See 1294 mirabile, Exoglossum............-- 303 LANG ocean emblem 1372 mirabilis; Clupea.~..25.2-0.2-2..6.. 422 Cantiienge.ss-ss--4-02-5-- 1369 Crystallichthys-........- 2865 Cardervial. 235s 2.5 --- ce 850 Gillichthys.2-225.-.---. 2250 CO] DCR EA eae ieee eS ee 1377 PE VOOHUS |< ecu a m=='o nies 2474 DUM CE) 0 Gea | ee eres 1372 Phenacobius.....--.-.-.- 303 della Piedras’ 25... ~-3--.-- 1681 mirum, Calloptilum.--............. S527 de las Aletas Amarillas ..- 1376 mispilliensis, Ameiurus ----.--.---- 141 COG) eis eee ee 1370 sWississipp? Cat ---=---2---52..-:... 137 1B ja 3 be ee pee pee BAe 928 mississippiensis, Morone ........-. 1134 GAaTaDAM oo - Jos seeccseen 1353 BRIBES) ~~ acm cosa 61. LG) eee Bee st ee 1299 Missouri Sueker :.:--...:.0:..--.- 168 | Werdet soe Das Seer a 1538 missuriensis, Cliola..............-. O)| SWEG\ATTAR = 22202255 3 aoe Uae ewan ol 1366, 1373 Ey DOPSIs-s-- 3-2 -2-55- 262) | VMLGjArTIGas).~ coc a- eae anes oon ans 1367 mitchilli, Argyriosus.-.....-.--..--. G36) | VATOjSrrOl> 2b ee eoe eco 1319 APIPONSER 2 ses ok. A LE | Leto ees ee ae ae 1753 Cabins. 225s i soca san a= Ve1973) | aculesta, «2 i2ssissnsee-- rata a 1754 Engraulis .............-.- 446 SS Agee eee ene 1753 3036 Index. Page. | Page. Mola plane <2. on sco te eee eeu cel 1756 Monacanthus setifer.....--.---.--. 1716 Tetzil-..---------3-----.------ 1754 signifer ...... Bese 1716 TO UWA Deen eee eetere 1754 spilonotus..-.-.- be ee 1716 rt) FG Cd ER pe eocy Sate See 1753 | stratis:;.-2t62sesesa5 1713 Orthaporscus=--.cep-----==—F 1754 ruppeliiz-e 1713 Tetrodoi ase. Sec ectte ane see 1754 Varius <2 eee 1716 Molacanthud ese. 2a— a eee 1753 monacanthus, Plectropoma...-.-.-. 1165 Molariic 2. eset == =- seer eee 402 monacus, Ceratichthys..----------- 318 molestum, Gobiosoma ....--.------- 2258 Hy bopsis. -c..5-ee eeeeee 318 IMO Wid 20 ase ae ae eae ne 1752 | mone, Stephanoberyx.----..--.--.- 836 Moline .........----------- dees - 1752 | monapterygia, Pesca dorso-..-..-.-- 1833 molle, Waris) se-o.=.--s-neeaeeeeereee 1552 | Monda - .5.-0.¢2452-0s86s eee 899 Mollienisia.<222---s2-5eee mean en 698 monensis, Squalus. -.-.--.----------- 49 fagcinta .c-.2s2eese3 ceo 695 | moncstichus, Salmo....------------ 509 POLMOGSS ace set eee eae 699 | Mongolar Drummer......-...-.-.-- 1406 jonesi.-+--2--5-ass=0<==- 699 Mongrel Buffalo.......---.----..---- 164 latipes 2asn= eae ae 700 Whitefish: 2-.22.. 22s see 473 lineolata 22.2 --ae- seen - 700 | Moniana .....-...-------------- 254, 256, 271 petenensis .......------- 700 atwrata -: so. -- Saas eee om 272 mollis, Achirus mollis-------.--.---- 2702 | complanata ..-.<4-<-isJa-—< 272 AphyOnus!=.=ssssee—m-r Se —=— 2525 Couch ss <2-speaseaeaeeeeee 272 IBOURTOCARAR = = ae wee aan on 2476 | deliciosa.....- 025-6 -2sn—— 262 Pleuronectes ---------------- 2701 | fOTMOS2 «\. <2 MORENO =i att ene ee nee oetes se onc 2540 montezuma, Cichlasoma. -....------ 1518 oleianp secs ea cde 2543 IRG@rOS'== ch nes saeco ee 1518 americana. .-..-...----- 2540, 2541 monticola, Agonostomus.....--.-.- 819 ealitormicn:=2-2c~. 202s <<< 2539 WajaUhees =. et hee ae eee 2841 PUNCUMUUR 282s cones 2543 Mirna: s2e222 2s sa5aceee= 819" | morrhua, 'Gadus.------...5.52 <2. 2541 montiregis, Cliola ..............---- 272 | morrissi, Leptocephalus -.-.....--- 354 IWEGON-OYG 226s ete nccees wences- = ald) | MOREIGY Bee ren an heen eos ame teas 2570 OiRCO Reco anh ee a= tenn == 469 cyelolapis 552-54. --5eee = 2570 IMMOU-OUOS cen tacas.ceneasebcccome - At2))| MoOneri, Verasper.~<:2>-s-0c.5-- >> 2619 MINGBHSNtecs cesta scsascnlvcesse ess Got, 954) Mosshonker +2. -222222. Vette ene- 433 IAT OUTTA ee 935 | motaguensis, Heros...-.....-.----- 1534 Maamishyldoli: = 2:2 -saeccsses ess - 1687 Pimelodus: =: <2. ---- 151 Mai erent ences = sone en Gace 1152 RhamdiaY. 2222. .--2>2 151 Mami pEn@kee cece en ss canto as BOO" Minteligcesss =... 25a eee ws see cs esas 2558 Common Spotted.......-.-- 395 | aecontats soace oo oe a ane 2559 Sportedssec--5-.- 2225s cence 399 | Gaudsoute 2% cos yee sean 2560 WOUND) Sasstads Sega aes omecosee cae 388, 400 OUODEAs sasee de de ne ea ee 2560 mordax, Atherina==-.-...-ccccsec-- 523 | GNBIG 2 noes eee eee oe Ewa ae 2559 CES ee Hind asc sachets 387 rein iatdthe eas: soe coene = 2559 Crpialopsign.--+-------.--. 387 septentrionalis ..--....---- 2560 neratliniesso 2457 Gymnothorax ..-..-...-..- 396! motta, Mlacate 22: = 25-22 2<. +22. 522. 948 yecodontiseee: 52222222 2-* 395 | moucharra, Glyphisodon..-..-...--- 1562 Macrodonophis ....-..--.- 387 | Mountain Herring -.......-.-------- 463 Mrnenntos 2 ssccscesee ccc 396 Saukersé = 252522225755 56 169, 170 OSE p UL aaa aes igi 520 || Monse-Wisht > 26525 !nc2as5eoeaae nas 2715, 2716 abbotti.<-.2-2.2- Boe: Mex entonid i< 22522 25.5 eee ee ee 185, 187 spectrum ......-- 523 albidivin <:i5=%222252>-- 192 Siderass=2"2 .22 asses 5522.2 396 PNT Te ae Oe oe aE 191 IMOQrena Pitts ste -csscccnss oe see~ Je = 402 anignurnins = 225-222-755: 190, 196 Dn ee ee aecaaeee 397 | surreal soos one ae 192 SPPIGUN oe cies eee se eiee a= 2804 austrinum.........--.. 192 WRG Soe oe ees He ensine 396 breviceps:--+---.----=- 196 moribundus, Balistes .....--....--- 1702 | bnecess 52225425 ee 190 TEE Sey Sse oe iocoes sponse cnore ae 2532 campbell: =< co c.cse-5 186 3038 Page. Moxostoma carpio <--..-<:.-.:s=- 190 GOrvillGM -- 2255-655-—-5 197 elaviformis...5-2.s5..tst 186 collapsum -.-<.=<-:-=- 190 conpestim' ..-2.-2.-5-2 192 CONUS 2-2. =e lesen 196 coregonus ...-..-...--- 191 erassilabre. 3. 22.~5--0-2 194, 196 kennerlyi_-—-.------2=- 186 lesueuri: 22-2. -cesoe 194 macrolepidotum -..-.--- 193 oblongum. 2: =<2.-2<. 186 OnGiIda. a2 ane ec 193 papillosum.--------==- 189 | pidiense <= 2<56- <2-2+- 191 pecilurum .........-.. 196 Tobustim: 2. 2.-cssee ae 193 rupiscartes .....--....- 196 PFENNG sa 56 52 twee sane 186 Shalassmium ~2-- te =< 191 trisignatum -......-...- 179 valenciennesi........-. 190 WOAH = ..2.-—seeennoe 190 WIGLOLID |= 2 ose eee 187 mucosum, Xiphidion .--....-.....- 2425 Riphister =... 5: 2-2.9s0 2.5.2224a-eeeeeee 813 trichodon 522526) csce-0e ee 816 Mugilide : 2s 2:223. 2s. ce a eee 808 Mugiline 2; <0: sssa42 eo ae 809 mugiloides, Eleotris ............... 2198 Mugilomorus <-22.<--<2-ssc <= 1459 Glaharata:..-6css2os2 oes. 389 multifasciatus, Anthias -...-....--- 1226 CrebUst _352-See ese ss ns 396 Handulis 2 =o:-— 645 NAvennensis’ .<-ns-e. =r eeerrararen sae reticulata 1187 $eenlisteu.Caeeeee clos aoes 2418") Sos 3) ye ee ee murenoides, Blennius..--..---.---- 2419 rosacea ......-....... 1184 Gunnelluss.-ccs- 255-2 2418 ruber a 1180 MarreBlODDIB 2-6 ee oe ee see 381, 383, 400 pale ies 8 Oe aan 1181 CSLAMUMA=. a= cocjn=--5~ 395 nigris per em 1187 MahGinA es ce 403 camelopardalis. 1187 curvilineata ......-..- 395 venadorum .-.--.---- 1186 marmoreus ...---.---- 391 Meese se t's 2)~- 112 ocelletas’ $= )./ s2.5 89, 2754 trachypoma...........- 846 eeltenkee......-........ Rey POT NIR eee eo ace oe ieee 371 freminvillei ............ 89 eguiiciriiiet 25% Secs. ns 371 PUCUEES coeaep eens =a>- =: 2755 longicollis .--..-..----.-- 371 Rag dtuee aes nae ones oe a 86 NOIMDYSCUB A sso nose Senne 371 Meg IGGH ETS ecm avira inne cain occa = ¢ 219 microstigmius ........... 371 QUUTINUB 2s cesses 219, 220 punctatus .............-- 371 fraterculus............ 220 WelGR ae ees wae 372 lateraiians sce. sks 220 | mystacalis, Lepomis ..-.....--...... 1001 WEVIGIOU CMA Sue aecase ek em as 248, 244,2798 mystacina, Gnathypops ...........- 2286 PaLoOValuUsS...-.-2cs5. <6 246 mystacinus, Epinephelus .--......- 1151 pulverulentus ......... 246 | Guathypops..-.......-. 2286 thalassinus ............ 245 Schistorus ............ 1151 Miylanharodon: ---.2ccce< 6250-2 5- 5. 218 SOIMaWUs se cece nase soe 1151 conocephalus -...-.. AIG] WE yRUOOGN MUG aes nce teas nes 2580 TODMSGUS «<< ---3-<... 219 | myates, Scorpena-..-.-.----...--.- 1849 Mylopharodontine ................. 202 | mysticetus, Cetengraulis........... 450 Wingo mNurines spn = oa calcrn'e's ata stg tite ast 90 | Hnpraglis 2 sss mca o 450 MAVEN pO ports core antl or eas a5 ane 533 | mystinus, Sebastichthys-.........-. 1785 Nas ae ye ee 533 Sebastodes .---........ 1784, 1785 PIV MOGUS’: bee -eeea esses. ne Sade || Maysiniop his’ = oe es. ne scce ncaa cls 386 ‘Trachinocephalus ........-. 533 | intertinctus -.-.......- 386 Myoxocephalus .......-...-. 1970, 1971, 1976 | MGMYUS 252225 4225~=5>5 387 HONOUR 2 Goh Safes ok 1972 | Mystus -...-.......-...-.........-. 116 axillaris ......... 1980, 1981 | agcita.......-..----------.- 155 brandti =. -...-.ss<- 1984 | CBTONNRONSIS?-s. 2-2 -5- a0 S 5% 117 DHSS: eles ee ska 1971p Moy Wo phAcNs ~~ 2 --.- soo ae 1503 greenlandicus...... 1974 fagcintus... 5 o2seet: 1504 FAO EE emewa- cee en HOM PeRhyaine sc 202. tse see ase noes coe eee 7 MOONS cesn< sos 1983 | Slutinosa < - 20 os.--ss see 7 LU) eee ee 1985 Yimoaa = S400 eens, 8 FUVOSUS == 25-30-55 LOS eMEuinidgest.- .lscc estes ooo e one 7 octodecimspinosus. 1976") Mig xod Sens =~ 2. - ss ameie sates 9305 polyacanthocepha- opercularis) .. 2c ..sc00- 2305 | are Rae ee 1976 | Myxodes elegans................... 2353 scorpioides ..-..-.. ~ 1973 | Us Yn Uae ee ae pe 2357 SCOBPING S752 -62- 1974 | MAGKOPUS! .. 55 -— wan sewee 2357 3042 Index. Page. Page. Myxodes' varius. 2 #% -52:.2-225-- 52. 2357 | nasus, Acanthonotus.....-........- 615 Wersicolor =. 94-5- 26 -eee 2359 | Diplanchias': -22:2.:2:j22eees 1754 Myxostoma austrina ..-..-...-....- 192 Menticirrhus..---.-.--2-2. 1472, 1473 GULYOPS>5-so2e. seek 193 Mola - 2.222: =e 1754 pewclura:-. 22822. oo. 196 Notacanthus ....-.--....:-.. 615 Myxus harengus -..--25.25.-225.--. 818 Squalus’. 22: 5. 22225ee eee 49 Mryzopsetba.:22522522 -.c.-cs----0e55 369 (Org ae ae re : 1872 avocettass =.1e---eeeee 369 WEHNHG eee, <= ce ee wee 2438 ITATIGE 55: 5o2 2 oo Saas 368 CUNGSCION Ss shen = acne 1409 | REGO ACCA 225. 2~ sa 369 THMEMATIAE S252 55 = ne <== 2414 scolopaceus ..-----..-- 369 Gasterosteus ....-...--. 140m | WNeMipieris esos: 4e ca. senses aces 1288 Wy CUGOS een se aa = s+. --cessc25- 2513 INET DISS be Se Ss oreo 1436 POWUSHER ces ean 2515 nectura, Gymnomurena .-....--..-- 404 stelliferoides.......... 2516 Murenoblenna...-.......-- AQ | SNeOUlWMS!= -sn2 hese eae ce aes aan 2354 necturus, Uropterygius ...-......-- 404 blanohardi:~--te oe 2354 Weenlensiic--n n=: 2s... -ccensnsscas- 714 SHAUN GUA. - ad aeeanoey =< 2355 NGEUIGUNHERScsmcn ssa 5+ eses cece es ROR. INCOCONE Ol ...5.-c2ae0-45 eee sees 1985 chemnitzil <-s2seeees 614 Myoxocephalus ......----- 1984 NASUs2. -- jon eCeeeneeee 615 NOUSSUGS fe cciee oer meee 1834 phasganorus.......... 616 Sebastodes n.2.----e5---% 1833 | TISSOANUS --- = sees eeeee 618 Life a aed Re 629 | rostratns.<.-s2..st-+-- 617 nobilis, Atractoscion.....--.------- 1418 | Notarins.:-..-2---2o5-2p- eee 119, 2764 Gestrens'----<2s2---esess <2. 1413 | notata, Atherina ............2.2..-- 800 Conodon).22.=5280ee-eees=se 1324 Atherinichthys +-........... 800 CyNoOscion se. -e-e ee aa 1413 Belone.- 25 -2p-aeeeeeeeees 711 LOE) eee ee pee ian see se 629 Cliola----2<2. Saas pees ee 274 Gambusias-s-scets te nsnsece 682 Cyprinella.<2225.saeeeenos 274 GryStes)<<-2 - an.oees eee eee 1012 Doresome -+ 2222-25 Sees 416 Heterandtia eSs--s..-+>-<-- 682 Lepomis.--- 3. 2.Jssesee-eeee 1011 Johinusestscch + ee osha (413 Malthwa: =. st: 003 ee eee 2737 Perdis so sae ee eae 1324 Megalops: .2<.= = 251 leptosomus --..-.------ 250 GGT 0 th) eee ene ees 299 | occidentalis --.-...-.. 247 nothochir, Ophichthys -.-.--------- 380 Quassiremus......------ 380 | INO UNOTOUUA 2555-6 -cc-cccsncc> 1066, 1067, 1076 GWIGYOHR : 22 scs4e. eco ‘1078 inscriptus:--.26.-7-<-<< 1072 {URL HES eee ee 1080 maculatus -......---..- 1077 rufilineatus....*%...-... 1079 sanguifluus..........-. 1077 tessellatus-.......---.- 1078 thalassinum -....-.-.... 1072 WUMNGrAatHs. -- Jl. -/--- 1077 miothus, Cestreus -.-----.<2:...+.--- 1407 SynGRolOws—e. ens ee - oe 1406 Oibthus)s2--- 33>4-.2<42-.'- 1407 Wotidanoid Sharks............-.... 16 LOGO Se ee ee ee 18 PRISGUS) oes aes aoeee eS 19 Wes IEEE Sees a fags = ok ea ee = 890 RGnUCAN GIG) ~ 23 2s— 22255 520secin 613 DGG) Cn Sere ee esene aarp eae 149 Notogrammts .-.-.....-...-.--------- 2439 POGnTOGKL <- 2-255 .~..0 2440 NGramby NOUN <4 c05 scaccsnce sce s=~ 17 reds, — esas ae =. 18 THACUIBUGS -- s4ee=. = 17 INDIORGHROWIN = ==. sUceo= acs oscsch ae 554 castaneus...........-. 556 caudispinosus .--..---. 556 margaritifer .......... 555 quereinns .-.-2-...... 555 LUTTE SE RE Eee eee eee eee 2635 ONE Mise see saes- =. 2 556. 2636 Us 2635 notospilotus, Astrolytes....--.....- 1899 So 0 0 ae 1603 Pseudojulis-.....-.--. 1603 RIGLEOPUN qasess5e-ese oan on 254, 257-258, 290 ROG IUA es eno pee 266 alabama sa. sas 52855528 298 siheslus 222-22. =. 2. =---- 259, 283 AGr Oh ea ae 287 MBSA 2252s en = << esse 291 SUING TENE Se nee oe ae = 296 analostanus -.--..-......-- 279 SHOZONUS --..-..2-=---=---- 259, 260 BELO, <5 ee Seece noses sacce 294 EW O00 as 290 | 3047 Page Notropis atherinoides -....-......-- 254, 293 SUALOOUS) <= 2s am areas t= 258 bellvisns. $25 az. to 3 ahaa - 297 Diiremabis 3225 vs.cea seca. 258 BIGHNIGS S25 go Sasso oe 261, 2800 INDO PS ase set eee ane - 268 PSY GOD occ oer aot, os = 264 WE DAbHNUSy a 57 ora ue 273 buchanani== 1... >.<... - 2800 CBEGIOU Soe Sees pees. S 277 eallinama: saccseescaeeces. 72 CAUNUENR IE oo eee eee 276 GaMUruUs.----...--.-----.- 279 Po je: Ne ee ee ee 260, 2799 atrocaudalis ..-..-. 260 COTaBINUA S555 a 52222 =< 283 cercostigma .....--..2...- 274 CHA PISUR soe oo eae 288 ehamberlaini =. ...-...2..- 2800 enihvahesa- =. 2 oe eee-e 265 CHUTE Soo Ss hues’ 287 chlorocephalus .........-.- 286 OGHYOBODIUB. <<< 24030sden00 288 COSMO PENIG so- 25, sa Ser om a 284 at SE See eee 281 cyaneus ........ 283 frontalis......-. 283 GUGCHUE: 20-355) a24 denne 294, 2801 eurystomus...-......5---- 277 TOTMION Ey. 280i Yep ae. 271 FeBteTiAIs os 5 oe Sep eee 261 frigigun?s <2 22's: absense. 271 TOMGHE so .codade a peede se 294 Palapburnes... outs55.525- 279 PARMA, 2 aca eeae ee 281 GOFMANYS: .2<2e ccess conse 261 i PRNGKE =< 22s aan nas 266 heteratlon®- eso 261 heteerlepis 2... sa6.0isus-= 260 pe) en 269 amarus........ 270 saludanus..... 270 seletie.2=: >.-.. 269, 2801 hypselopterus --..-..--.-. 280 THOBODEOSUS 523 oe a te 268 Cl) epee ee 290 JOrtanl 3.32 25-25s5atese nas 259 kavawhs 3232-325 222552- 264 Iacertogua) 225523 55-22%)52= 284 Laberalierscte: | 2os5.55 25-22 263 IGUuCIOGMS =o- 55 —e8 > 25-5 352 291 MPU oes ssaceee oS so omss 297 LON PIFONGTIS <= 5222s ass~ =~ 267 lowinssinns os 225< -Sess5sseiSe2 2801 ludibundus.~-.-252-2206--+ 273 ApS So aa 286, 2800 3048 Index. Page. Page. Notropis lutrensis..............-.-- 271 | Notropis umbratilis umbratilis. -..- 299 hythraruss--25---22 esas © 300 WMbriler —.- 7.25 sce eee 274 machonaldi ass. 2 see 284 VONUStUS - 3 sse4-b eee eee 274, 275 macrolepidotus ........--. 299 | volucellus .: ste -4ae 263 macrostomus - 2.22222... 274 | wélakar./:2i222 eee 2799 maculatus -22222 5.3252 222-2 259 whipplil-/...4 2235 535-2-=— 278 PE UTED (eRe ecien S ap serse 301 xenocephalus .......-.--- 289 megalops albeolus .....-.. 284 KOONUTUS. 2225-5. eee ee 280 metallicus.. 222... 2.22522. 297 ZONALUS 2s 3. oaoa eee ee 285 micropteryx ----..--.:. 22. 296 ZOMISUIUS).- 265 == Seeeeee 277, 285 nigroteniatus ...-.-..-... 264 | nottii, Fundulus ........-....--.-.- 656 MIVOUS!s 222s sons sasasen eee 277 ZY Zonectes 2-5-2222 -seeeccene 657 chloristius .--.....- 278 | Noturas:. 2.535525. See ee 143 MOCOMUSS 2 ee ee eae ee 268 elassochir. 52... 25--ss-ce-e 147 TOMAGU S222 see oe eeee eee 274 eleutherus' 232225222 eeeees 148, 149 notemigonoides -.........- 292 | 6xilis~..25.2 230 147 FUL Bote Mira lee hg pe ere ae en OUI flavus...22: i 2soesneceesee 144 OFCS joss aceite jae eeseaeaee 289 funebris . 2/205. gseeeaeeee 147 OMNAGHE. 2-2 = LE ates 270 furiogus -.< 20222 .seeeeee 149 OZATCANUS CO esaeee eae 265 gilberti ... 2 2--c2aeeseeees 148 PhenAcoviasy--- 2-2-2 = 263 SYTINUG o-oo Sea eee ee 146 PHO LENS. = 2-5 -eeeene eos 295, 296 INSIQNIS....\=\20 sCese eee 147 piptolepis - 222. ---22------ 266 leptacanthus.............. 146 PLOGNES F550 S.No Sevaee tenes 264 luteus; —5 2. See 144 PLOSEr piles 22252 seeaw ees 272 | Iarginatus «42.0. sceese-e 147 PYLEHOMOlAN s2- sa se a 280 IMULUS 552 secon eee ese 148 reticulatus ......-.-..-..- 262 nocturnus ...-..--.-..-... 146 POSELPINNIS \o 2 see 298 occidentalis; -s2-2.-c-cse2 144 EOSOUS: 5350552 Someone 237 platycephalus-....52.22-.- 144 Tubricroceus +... <2 5----. 286 | Sialis. - 2.5 4322245 44 ee 146 MUpTuLonse. oa. sate eseee ss 295 | Novacula ... 2255. hse ee 1617 SabiNws fs 2ds-o-0s esse se 262 coerulea... 2-2 osaeeeeee 1653 SCabricepS.s-6-22-s0~ so = 290 cultrata--- 22, 23sec 1619 scopticus 25-2. ceeds ee 296 lineata: . 5.7.22 seekeeeses 1619 scopifer.vs725.s.s8osese-ee 291 martinicensis ~ ....- 2-22e2 1617 Scy lla! .ceosssoei eee ees 263 mundiceps --.....-......- 1618 Shumardiso. 222s eee 268 mundicorpus ............ 1620) SIMS So 5u.k Hees 267 | novacula, Coryphena.............. 1619 BOGUS <4 22 J52c So na- see 292 Xyrichthys...... PN eRe 1619 spectrunculus.....-...... 265.| Novaculichthys 5:.2.22>--.eseeeee 1613 stipmataurus’. =-~-5 <2. - 275 infirmus ......--... 1616 MilbiseSssecoes~ see e eee 293 martinicensis..-... 1616 SwWal 2 se se etebes we 290 rosipes':2.-2S.suene 1614 telescopus =.) 26h. 252. -- 292 ventralis .--....... 1615 arcansanus. . 292 | nove-anglie, Coregonus .----.-.... 465 texanus:?: <1 /..cs- oUt 274 noveorleanensis, Anguilla......... 348 topekssss sos sa- Seer eens 266 | noveterre, Anguilla .............. 348 trichroistius.3-222 f2eese- = 275 noveboracensis, Exocetus ---..-.... 735, 736 umbratilis. 2.22 .62..2-5-- 298 | Naucrates ......... 900 ardens ......-. 301 Vomer. Vcvece secre 934 atripes ........ 300 novemfasciatus, Lutianus.......... 1253 cyanocephalus 300 | Neomenis ........ 1252 fasciolaris..... 301 | novemlineatus, Chasmodes ........ ~ 2393 lythrurus ..... 300 Pholis ..c.2.229aee8 2393 matutinus..... 301 novemmaculatus, Diodon ....-..... 1746 punctulatus... 301 novemradiata, Agosia.....-.....-.. 312 Index. Page. nox, Auchenopterus ..-.....--.-.-- 2373 Cremnohates ~.-..<..-0h 22 2- 2374 TEMP CAROSIR, Sons ee es ae = - 212, 311 carringtonii -..-.... 311 A HOCODE onsen = seo 5 sha ars 311 (01501) Cae Eee eer 215 | Hybognathus\.-.-.-..-.:--.- 215 nubilus, Alburnops...........----- 215 FAT AY TOUS yas nce tin ca s55 = 311 Centroblennius .... -..--- 2438 Ceratichthys..........---- 312 Leptoblennius ......-.----- 2438 Lumpenus .-..---..-.--.--- 2438 MELCHIOR. eae 355 Lycodontis..:.-= 2=--.-see 399 Epigonuus......-----.- 1112 nigromargina- Gasterosteus .-..---.- 745 tUS)5c5-e eres 399 Girardinus -...--.-- ee 689 saxicola ...... 399 Heterandria ...-.-.-.--- 689 Malacoctenus -..-...-..-- 2356, 2869 Leucosomus....------ 247 Murenophis 5-2 -e2e-se= ibaxlinns->4eseme 1115 Anarrhichthys.....--.-.- 2448 Lepidosteus - 2.22. esses 111 Anfennarius 2.5..25-=5--- 2721 LLumpenns <.22-5-sseeeeee 2433 ChenoOpsis<-scesse ase eae 2403 Macrops. -:.+2s-ssse-seeue 1283 Chistotion:<2-5.. oe 1674 Myrichthys 2=2-20-e 0-05 376 Citharichthys .......--..- 2673 Pisoodonophis. .........-. 376 Clinus=.-+% 2.2254 224555-2 2357 Orthragoriscus --.....---- 1754 Gymnothorax .....--....- 399 Scombrops/---<--s=. sere 1114 nigromar- Sebastodes ..-.-......-... 1832 ginatus .. 400 Serranns '.':< =>... useeaseee 1283 saxicola ... 399 | oculocirris, Emblemaria.......-..-.-- 2403 Hemirhombus........---. 2673 | oculofasciatus, Blepsias ..-..---.--. 2021 Herpetoichthys .......-.- 384 Nautichthys -.--- 2020, 2021 Hippoglessus .........--- 2673 | oculo-radiato, Turdus ......----.--- 1591 Index 3051 Page. Page. oculo, Turdus radiato ..----..---.-- 703) (SO jancO sae en howe tee cee sence c= 1272 QOceyanthiasess S222 - 2 =~ ose nen see - 555 1227'| ‘ojanco, Lutjanuse.o---2>-->++.222-% 1273 martinicensis-.--.-..--. 1228 | Mesdprion-ci-s = - <2. -%s- ‘1273 (Ota eee ee ee Peer ee ree 1275 | okeechobeensis, Ameiurus -..--...-. 139 aurovittatus .-2--.-.2..--. 1276 Ictalurus........-.. 139 ChEYSULTUS = -2-5-.-225525=5- 1a7oN Old WienGhz-=s.tsrastsscccsess co.cc eee a 525 G@ionternathus 4: st ssse524-.5... 437 Salmo (Osmerus) .-.--------- 525 mucronata <:--..... 438 | oligaspis, Abramis -.----..-.------. 294 mucronatus .....--. 438 | MAD OrnS)2<02ee2s325-e eee 294 panamensis ........ 438 Minnilis2 5. sass 422-2- 294 Oiontarobias 22.222! 5.2.0ck-s 23. 2219 | Oligocephalus. -..-.-. Po toes e 1066, 1068, 1083 GHinniopyaiAasonse use ea kk esse 2085 grahami....-.---.--. 1089 frenatusi sess see 2075 mamMeralis. 2.4 3.0235" 1097 leptorhynchus .-...... 2076 leonensis ....-.------ 1089 trispinosns ........... 2085 pulchellus........--- 1089 trispinous.......-..-.. 2086) |" Oligocotiasss 2: .ssc2022222a0cs S08 2013, 2864 MdontHselone ace. sss Se ace Sees ee 1425 acaticeps' <2:-2.2.-2..2. 2016 BBHtOR cee ete odessa 1425 andlisy fet st Ses saces v2- 2013 RANGHIOPS (=o Iac-= ais ~e 1427 hoLealigt2o+-J22se S252 42 2014 Odontoscium archidium..-.......-.- 1432 eInbr yank e-s+ = <> 8; 2017 Odarttostomides-- 2.2. ssecscens 597 Slopieepesisese2.s455—- 2017 PATRLOC SBIONG -<..5- 260 no oc ce ec cee 935 | MACMLOBNBIs ss. 25 5a50-- 2013 Tetragonopterus. --.....-.- 334 BHVOGE 222-8 ecss seve oe 2871 Gite in (Gel rl ees Sa 2542 | oligodon, Osmerus...-...--..-.----- 2824 i GHG eee See 2542 (Polwmenne ss sse= 22-5 =22- 830 Ogecocephalide .........--....-..- 2705, 2739! |POligolepis -\.- 2252220. seenen=s ant ma 2210 Opcocephalus -.---. .~-- ~~ - He 222s 2736 oligopeltis, Acipenser.........-.-.- 105 Cy E21 eae ee a er fice POLPOplileats co .226 -canse setae eae 898 MANWMOUB SC eo ce one ccos 2737 | lina 28 ee sess sores 899, 2844 radiatus ...... 5 ee 2738 | IMORRALUA so ses oe eS 899 vespertilio..-........ 2737 | PEND Cy F ipbee teres ape eae 2844 COSA ES Se eee ee eee 2502 occidentalis. ........-..-. 898 sp OLRM tetsatcin alele stat eratam we 2503 | SabBNS soo ~ ea as 899, 2844 VOUT ala c= co ele wna 2503 palometa .....-.. 899 oglina, Megalops..-....-.-.-...-... 432 SAUENS {5-2 - en en oe 898 oglinum, Opisthonema. -.....-...-.-. AS WOMeopodus':-/255.---4- seasons ease 955 OpniqhouGs-e-perers = ssse dsc = 5. 2263 | olisthostoma, Gerres ------..-.....- 1377 ohiensis, Acipenser....-.........-.. 106 olisthostomus, Gerres -.......------ 1376 ROS epee nee aa Ree sae ca.» G50) Polivaces, Pescilia=.--.-2-5.2 25-5 - 2 = 659 Lucius masquinongy...--. 629 | olivaceus; Leucus --.3.- 0a. -----2-2- 244 ObioisimEseoncs-- 2-5- 52. seseas 5 106 SU Er ea ae pyro cts 244 Oliioansis. Cichlgs<252.-) So seb sn sas 1012 | olivaris, Hopladelus.......-........ 143 Oil Wight et coc ece ces uedes esate ose 879 VEPIP Res. .= ace aes ae 143 Seer eeoeaeeaa tae aes 32 32 | Pelodichthys.-.---.--.---- 143 Oja, Pege- << esss2 43s. ec sbesebss-s- 2699 | Pilodietis’ 222 eofe-25> 2 143 3052 Index. Page. Page. olivaris: Silurds.-4--ss2ss-> so easner 143 | ontariensis, Thymallus............- 518 olmstedi, Boleosoma brevipinnis - -- 1057 montanus .. 519 nigrum .-.-.--..- 1057 signifer .-.. 519 Etheostoma ..--.-.------- 1057 | Ons; -.< 252 -n2 ce geen eae 2529, 2558 olriki, Aspidophoroides ------.------ 2089 | TIA ese ae ee eee 2530 Ombre Chevalier ....--------------- 508 |. onychus, Cottus ..-.2.--.-s-ssssees 1953 ommata, Discopyge ---------------- 78)|/-Oolachan: .=--5-- oc .ccegeee eee 521 Heterandria’-ssssseeeeaeee 664 ||) Qoniduss - ~6 4 Macs Ho Seawwsceaeeee 598 | opercularis, Micropogon........---- 1461 LOW vested oe accteeba= 598 Myxodagnus .......... 2305 Oncocephalus ss. see ee~ nce eee eae 2736 Polydactylus .........- 831 MONCOCOUbHS =~ 26.5 see cones tee 2000 Polynemus: 2. --s-seee 831] hexacornis .------------ 2002 Cini =. eee== aoe 1461 labradoricus.----------- 2004 Stolephorus............ 445 quadricornis -.----..--- 2001 Trichidion:—sos-0s4--— 831 Qnvorhynchus---.25---25-205--< 474, 477,478 | Ophichthus------..-...2c..<.2-.--.- 381 chouicha .......-..- 480 evionthas |. 2.cssofo.0024 381 gorbuscba.....-.-.- 478 GOMES. pease 384 ketact.s'eo-.0usees 478 guttifer 6. dee 383 Kkisntch: s-2cscq- 250 480 havannensis. .......-.- 382, 2804 lagocephalus ....-... 479 Magnioculis ...........- 385 lyeaodony-<.2. 465.5. 481, 483 ocellatus ssce56 sense e ae 383 NOLKA: 6 ene = ose 481 ophis.z.2:teisseg.eees 2804 * kennerlyi.--. 483 Parilig). So secaaeee ee 386 orientalis..----.-.--.- 480 puncticeps.....- «<2 Gg=ck 382 paucidens ---.<..--- 483 retropinnis)..>s.2es45455 383 PLOLONS 25. 3 96s 478 POPUL. s+ eee= eee 384 Quinniat,..<-.-*.s2=s 480 | triserialis.-.- 2.2 ..sgeeee 384 sapguinolentus--..- 481 | zophochir, 2. .-.5 374 Pty chostomus=s4----~-2---- 193 CHEYSOPS.-5.5- aes 385 Oneirodes . 226225 see ee 2732 crocodilinus ....-.--..- 388 esplinichtits..c2csccce<=52e 2732 gomesil's....sc5-eebeees 385 Oneirod ine Josh tes. <2 goa sees 2728 Suttiters... sees e ee 383 oneus, Serres Stetson -cee a= see ae 1154 intertinctus ........... 387 onitis, Hintula 222-5 cope ee 1579 magnioculis .-......-.. 385 DaiPu sane Saaneeeeseeeee 1578 MPUCNS)..-- ee aaa 387 TPautopaztt tes cote ee ck 1578, 1579 nothochir. ...-..5...5.. 380 ONOS 22 eee en ceceic ee eee 2558 ocellatng=- 22-54 eeeears 384 CIMDTINS: 5.2 bas case cae eee 2561 pardalis:.....:--s=nees-e 376 @NSIS\ 2-25 «2 2-~ = pate 2559 parilis;:3.-,-=5-seeeae 386 reinhsridticse soe sec err 2559 pauciporis)....---...5ee8 386 PUfUsy 22: aannad eee 2559 pisavarius:. ....s--.-406 377 septentrionalis ..........----- 2560 puncticeps ss. ccbeesses 382 Index. 3053 Page Page Ophichthys punctifer ......----.--- 387 | Ophisoma analis -.-.....-......-.-- 356 retropinnis .-.-.-------- 383 balesrienms2--- 2 =~ .22<=- 356 HENNBICEN <-s255-5-4-- 387 | SRAGEULUNE. «oo o—o~ a. Sosa 357 teiserialis; ooo. = 22 -=-~ 384 | MICOS) ssc sas 2 oe 357 EYAUPUS sss. s2-0c-s-> 2802 — obtusa $2222.22 2022-22-22 355 zophochir....-.-------- 385 | WEOTIPOLMN oo. oe <=-==- 357 ophidianus, Gempylus ---...------- Set ORINONIRE 2p ee sess == sees 2414 Drpbidadiay 2-2 o> -s-2--n-=-257c Pane eae Ophinternonccas-s2->42--aeeneoden =~ 342 Mphisioiles tes. fesse 2 522-55 -205Se 2453 | Ophisura intertinctus ....1..-....--- 387 Ophidioidei ..........-------------- 782 | HupUMbOS=-/s2~--5----- = 387 Ophidion_----..-------.-.---------- 2487 | Ophisuraphis ..-.....-...---------- 374 ET ee nee ere ZAS Tip r PEIN TLETs a2 oe oo ae ee a 375, 381 rays) 1 Ses ee eee 2488 | ‘> -ACTIRMNStUs!=2".=2--2>-<- 377 holbrooki ----.-.---.----- 2487 | californiensis......-.---- 384 TOSGTIN Se Eos oe Se ee 2488 | GNrYSOps 25-5. 2s---25 = 385 ROPING TDM s 2 ser. sous te eee ee == 2487 crocodilinus........-.--- 388 atropurpureum -......--- 2423 | pomesin 223-2. 2 se! 5 2 385 Drevibarbe. .-...--5------ 2485 | ubbdtnals 3222 sek se oe 382 Fag) oy Soe ner ear eee 2487 latimaculatus ........--- 376 OTM «2227 = sone = 2488 qanigugye=257 -2--33582 232 377 TiN ep iy Oe 2S Se ey ae 2443 Fiocla lS a eee ae a 386 josephr -.-------..--.---- 2489 Femifer :5,.5-022025---2- 384 marginatum ------------- 2489 MYNGUKUS |. -=-= Se s22222 376 mucronatum...-....-..---- 2419 | ophryas, Paralichthys --.-.-.-...--- 2630 geellatum-- 255-2. -scn6.- 2430 Prionofus.- >. ===. sa3sestoe 2164 MREE ee eriniae cee eb oa oe 2478 | ophthalmicus, Lepomis .-....------ 1001 pellucidum. -....-2......- Bot WV EIDISE DIS GINS > 225 <5 52nd caeedede => = 1384 profundorum ..-...--.---- 2484 | Opisthocentrin® ...........-.------ 2349 USTs ke eat eee eee 2489 | Opisthocentrus-.---..-.--..---.-.--- 2428 NCUCSEIRA 5 32 anos ees = 2477 ocellatus -.--.---.~: 2428 ERIN Oo 25.0 as aod Seco ee 2477 quinquemaculatns - 2430 ophidoides, Liparis.-.......-..--.-- 2118 | texinis:- +--2----2-4-< 2430 Ophioblenniine -....--.....-------- 2347 | Opisthognathidw...-.....-.--------- 2279 Map RNIBIINSS — 52 Jo. 22 = =e an. ae 2400 | Opisthognathus ...-....------------ 2280 steindachneri-.....-.- 2401 | lonchurum ....---- 2281 GT Oe en ee 2401 lonchurus .....--.. 2281 Opi rs 28 ee ee 1875 macrognathum -... 2281 elonpains.-=-22.8 252. --- 1875 | macrognathus -.-.- 2282 pantherinus ............. 1876 macrops ---------.- 2284 @phiodontina. - 5-22. --2...2.2...<. 1864 maxillosus .....---. 2284 AOPINOPSIAUUNY 2 = 285s ee esse as = 405 megastoma.....--- 2282 ampullaceus ........ 406 micrognathus -....- 2287 piMORGION=. 205252. e.22a—5 2 oeU = 1446, 1447 ommata ..----.---- 2283 SING) oe or Jas cee 1447 ommatum .--..-... 2282 PURGe eee ee eee ss. SS 1451 2 > punctatum --.....- 2281 BPIOUES 35-2 ees eee aa = 1452 punctatus ---.....- 2281 SHIRL eee Soars 1449 rhomaleus..-......- 2285 ae ee ey 1448 | scaphiurus........ 2282 Ch See ae eee 1448 | Opisthonema.---.--..-----.--.--.--- 432 vermicularis -...--..--- 1452 libertate-.-......--..- 433 ophioscion, Corvina.......--------- 1448 | lhartatis 25_-2.2--->:- 433 SNPS lal ee ea 1448 | oglinum ...--.-------- 432 ophis, Murzna .--.........-----.... 382 | Opisthopterus -.-------------------- 436 Ophichthus 523222225 3. ..--. 2804 aya oo sede ae eos 437 Gyshinemiey =e) soso se seeeaak soos 25 500, OOD lutipinnis ........-. 437, 2811 Sarita ca2cebesdabacda cee 356 INACTOPS «cn cescccce = 437 3054 Index. Page. Page. opisthophthalmus, Conger .-------- 356 | oreas, Chrosomus...-..-.---.-- ---- 211 Opladelus .......------------------- 142 | Oregon Brook Trout .-....-.-.--.-- 501 Oplopoma ...-..--...--------=-2-=-- 1875 Charr -..45.3..ooaeee eee 507 pantherina .-.---.-.----- 1876 Stargeon...2-t.bsec=--6=a— 104 oppositus, Monocanthus ...-------- 1716 | oregonensis, Cyprinus (Leuciseus)-.° 225 Opsanus.---..---------------------- 2315 | Leuciscus'-..2.22-..22- 225 cerapalus ....--. =..--=--- 2316 | Ptychocheilus ..--.-. 224, 2796 PaTOUss.5.esce- oes 2316 | Oreille Noire: .--....<-ss.eseeoee 1261 tall. 52 -.< <-escenemeosases> 2315 | Oreosoma:.--c- 22-5 -4-. =e 1662 Opsopeea .----.-.--------------- 247, 248, 249 atlanticum’ <2.-----s-ee== 1662 Opsopeodus -.....------------------ 247, 248 | coniferum ......--..---.- 1663 bollmani=====-.4.-—---= 249 | Orestiing ....-:-2<5---5- a6 -eeeeerere 631 Omilis cee cn ses see oa 248 | orientalis, Anarrhichas ........-... 2447 megalops ..-.--------- 248 | Chanos:. << 2-0. <2ceeccene= 415 - Opeulus!22-ees--ee- eee 248 Oncorhynchus -.-..- ae 480 Opthalmolophus ...-.-------------- 2360 | Pelsimiys. --2-soeoes wat 873 Oquassa Trout ......--------------- 514 Salmo)-<2 se <-2ceeceeaeene 480 oquassa, Salmo ....-.--------------- 515. | ornata, AMia-.-=5-4.¢seneoeaeee eee 113 Salvelinus -.....---.------- 514, 515 Aphoristia ........-...... 2707, 2710 marstoni.-.---- 515 Clidlas..3scccrccene epee 271 TR) 1 eee ee 515 Cochlognathus ......-.-..-- 252 Oranchee, Grand .-..--..--.sss---- 1057 Codoma 2.2.50 ssee eens 271 Orange Filefish...-.-.-------------- 1718 Embiotoca...-..-.--6=.s00« - 1506 ROG OD asses eee 1793 Hy drargy?an ce sceeomee eee 2827 Orbe, Le Diodon -.--..-------+----- 1749 Raja... s2secdn nce eee eee 70 orbicularis, Atinga aiter minor-.--- 1749 | ornatum, Campostoma -.-....--.. wets 205 IRROMPES ao8 oa oe 966 | ornatus, Achirus...........-----1-- 2709 OvbidUs =... 56/06 oaeeeree enema ate 1729 Balistes -.:S<252stsee sees 1719 orbignianus, Exoccetus.-.----------- 729 Cochlognathus .--....--..-- 252 orbiguyana, Pellona...-..---------- 436 Hs0x:..5-25..20e0Ste=eeeeeee 626 Platéssa.-.-..-------.- 2626 Gillellus7:.2525--eeesreeree 2299 orbignyanus, Conger.----- drceeeees 355 Gunellus 2... 22sae--eeees - 2420 Orbis echinatus --.----------------- 1745 Labrus 24.2222 -25) eee 1610 levis variegatus-..----..---- - 1785 Mursnoidés;----c-eeaesee= 2420 muricatus ..----------------- 1749 Notropis <2.2ss-520eeses 270 Teticnlatus)-s2-s--2 een ceee 1750 Pholis 25) 2°5o0eeee-s eee 2419 orbis, Cyclopterus...--------------- 2100 Tetradon...-..:..-.-00 Sou ta A Eumicrotremus ......------ 2099, 2100 | Ornichthiys.-..-.-.-2-e- ene 2148 orbitarius, Pagellus.-----.--------- 1350 | Orquetain-<, . 2. -.5 2 -2obeese cee 937 Sparus) s-tcecee see 1350 | orqueta, Chloroscombrus ......-- = 937 orca, Notropis:--------..2.-.------- 289 | orsini, Ozotlura 2--<-2-..2seeeeeeeee 1754 Oredlla tes ee sew eee ole ete 254, 257, 289 | orthagoriscus, Cephalus .-.........- 1754 orcini, Brama. -....-----.----------- 960 | Orthagoriscus._-....2.....- 2s. 4cse= 1754 orcutti, Leuciscus........-.--~----- 241 | Orthichihys....<-.-22ses-sseeee ee 759 PROSINUS or aol ece=—= w-s- » 242 | Orthodon...-.--.---.2-s--.2sce=.- 206 OVeyNUSs4=22226+ ater e eee eee eee 869, 870 | microlepidotus. ...-.-..-- 207 alalonga...... Mee aoe aoe eee 71 orthogrammus, Carangoides.-.-....-.. 928 alliteratms Ca. sccteac= 869 | Caranx ..<.t2thoccpe 929 POLAMyS)== = 22-5a se =re saa 869 | Orthonops e0s..-...--.....---------- 2262 ACHIES Allis. =se2s2eee sen e= 870 | orthonotus, Ditrema -...-..-.--..--- 1507 subwlatus:2-ce-n6se2eee 871 | Orthopristis........-----.-.- 1334, 1335, 1336 thunnia'ss 26552 5-5-0555 869 brevipinnis ........-.- 1341 tHYRNUS = cssccseenneemesees 870 cantharinus.....---- 1339, 1340 ordinatus, Chirus .....-......--.--- 1870 chalceus - -..222s-esene 1337 Epinephelus ......-..--- 1155 chrysopterus -..-..-.- 1338 Hexagrammus ........-- 1870 duplex .......:.55 Siscsy, ~ 1689 Index. 3055 Page. Page. Orthopristis forbesi ........-----.-- 1336 | Osmerus mordax abbotti ..-... saneee 524 WROTRAGUS essa me see 1342 spectrum........- 523 lethopristis -.--------- 1340 UTE anes Fe 2 eee 2824 POOR sae ee eer acces 1339 DIPGORMS) one ene ee oan 525 Ted@in gi S252%2.s6e540- 1336 thaleichthys -............-.- 522 Orthopsétta --~.-.--.-s-cccao2= =~ 2678, 2679 VIMIGERPENN =. aoe = -2s---5-= - 1754 Rhombochirus........--.- 2273 elegans.......-.--.- 1754 | osteosticta, Trygon -.---........... 84 Taseiatus: <- -2.05--5- ios Ostichth ys 225 scosseccqecenseee a= ae 846 PLN Sa aes eee 74 OatorniniGhus «a J2- -<.50ce= seen oe 1106 BINPIGAS oa 1754 | Hoeurie. ..22<..4<2s< 25 1107 PONANIS, 2a 2 == ao U754.\) Optraetidae 25-5. ccs csesl leg ec ewes 1721 MOM a ates et Riek Guimeelond aetinwthc 282 seeds 2. Son. 1721 oblongus ....--..-.. 1756 bicaudalis...............- 1723 oculeatus..........- 1754 OG DB yen ntaeie iterate otter 1755 ozodura ...........- 1755 cathetoplates oblongus -. 1728 nb, Peeper er eee 1754 concatenatus.........-..- 1723 SVEUIITIE ee ee 1754 conico oblongus..:...---- 1745 rondeletii .......... 1754 BEPANSOM (25 sees ain.cocait 1724 BOLARINS: eee es aa 1754 PROUGWL oa eee aes eae oe 1725 spinosus -....------ 1754 guineensis .-..-.-........ 1725 truncatus .......... 1756 Datert-2 2223402242250 1725 (Ob AS oT eS eee ae 1753 maeulgtun = 225-27 1725 osbeck, Trachinus ........-.....-.- 1153 oblongus holacanthus.... 1746 Onberkias-s2=5-.....5.- 1717, 1718, 1719, 2860 plaher:=-.05-- 2 1735 oscitans Sciena.......-.--------.-- 1441 polydon inermis triqueter 1723 S[A2N 0 Ue Bee ese e Seer 1440 quadricornis ............. 1725 DAGMAR PAP ORID oo a0 00-jewencods =~ -2- 50 scot ese 2261 SIDARPRSSIR <5 aan Se5 ose 5 2823 | othonops, Perkinsia.............-.- 420 SC) Seas ae 538 | othonopterus, Cestreus .-.....-..... 1405 attenuatus ......-......... 523 CynoseION Lon 2 a 1404 dentex .....- ene an 626, 2825:) Otolithine 225-625. 2 52 ses os 2 oceans 1393 elonzatnsis-2-->-ecsees-5-- 525 | Otolithus albus ..........-......... 1411 lemniscatus ...........-..- 533 californiensis -....--..... 1413 WiGrodOMs-— == s52s5—.s055- 521 SaTOuuGHsig= 2 2 -5-24---2 1409 AMOUR |, och canes eeen es 523 cayennensis..........-. 1404, 1411 3056 | Page. Otolithus drummondi .........-...-. 1409 jamaicensis .....--....--- 1406 Jeiarchas:. .<5--22=5-G4e-,- - 1415 magdalen® -; -...2.2-2-.-- 1410 microlepidotus ......-..-- 1415 MHCIODPS ~ = - 2 eee ee eee 1415 NEPUIOSUB==-5-5< -2- 222 eee 1878 pictus...232222eeeee eee 1878 Oxyloricaria. ....---- -Gos-4-=— sere eee 156 Oxymacrurus =. -25-234eneer eee 2587 Oxymetopontine®....-....--..----.- 2188 Oxyodontichthys .---.-.-----.----- 381 brachyurus ....-- 385 limbatus......... 385 macrurus .-..---- 385 oxyptera, Corvina...-..-.----------- 1222 Oxyrhina <<... 2.22256 ee 47 gamphodon ......+-.----- 49 spallanzamni . 22-=s2ase—e— 49 oxyrhynchus, Acipenser -.--------- 105 Carcharhinus. ..-...- 40 Carcharias ...----.-- 41 Jsurass-eeeeeeeees 48, 49 Tetrodoniss222.se.-== 1741 Oxyurichthys -.------.-------------- 2210 OXYUTUS ~~~ -=2265--6esse pees ane 353 oxyurus, Lepisosteus .-...-------- AE 110 Nomets:.2.2 .Sceee=—eeae ae 950 Oyster-fish .......------.<2-5---5= 1578, 2315 ozarcanus, Notropis----.------------ 265 O70 Ure 2. 222552 hae eee 1753 Orsini .222=- eee eee 1754 ozodura, Orthragoriscus -.-...----- 1755 Ozorthus hexagrammus ...--.------ 2441 pachycephala, Adinia .......-.--..- 660 pachycephalus, Fundulus ..-..-.---. 661 Lagocephalus..-..-. 1729 Tetrodon)<-22-5-2=- 1729 pachygaster, Spheroides-.-...-..--.-.- 1738 Tetrodon ---s22+- "seer 1738 Pachylabrus ...-..----------------- 1507 variegatus..-....----- 1508 pachylepis, Atherinichthys -------- 801 Moenidia..---22 5. saeee 801 Pachynathus. ...-.-........---------- 1703 capistratus .--.--.--- 1704 triangularis.-....---- 1795 Pachypops ...2.-3 2--5 ----=s5=eeneee 1459 biloba: .<--ses=cseeseeee 1460 furcreus. <-> =.-sssseee 1459 pachypus, Cottus........----------- 1973 Pachyurus furcreus .....---------- 1460 Index. 3057 Page Page. Pachyurus squamosissimus......-. 1419 | pallasii, Pleuronectes .............. 2648 ipacifica, Relones.... 5 ..-s..-s5 << 5 964 PROS Se oan ein n otc raiclwid denlelaa/aiain oe 1356 | pammelas, Melanostigma ...-. 2479, 2869 BU PRMUGUA solo aaaereincen ales 1957..|\-P aM panito <2 een 941 PALTUS ask cick teecp~ see IB5G Pam pan. = 5-2 sho hte nc en an 930, 933 SORLTIR Seen ge hamcmes wos 1057 Commonee. onan easamedoe ae 944 [RRPEH NN BOGS cerecicas cia a se 1356 Gatl-topsall a os 2 2 $40 DANS) ce dec eee n tec sa nc 1357 ATO os ow ae ciate cinacs ce 943 PAG ADO eee ee tan nice dex ce cls = ie 1837 1e-Fr 51s SNE Sea apes ere 941 AARON nesta st . penet ancien) = so- a5. 2 |MEAINDRNOA oo. cocte se en eee eee 895, 939 PaaS CC VTINES eee came oicm cman nae 415 | pampanus, Trachynotus..........-- 944 palearis, Lycodes ..-....--...---.-. 2466 | panamense, Pristipoma....-...-..---- 1331 IPaliMinehthyes-22-5+ases-= aaa = 963 | panamensis, Achirus ........-.....-. 2702 perciformis........- 964 Ailurichthys -......-.-. 117 IRALIINETUA pase macteas-saeaoe Gens. ss 963 Atherinella ..........- 805 peroitormis) = --\.5---...-- 964 TUN AE ee ne 2677 pallasi, Octogrammus ....-..------- 1870 Bodianus 2... bom 1141 Pallanian oo oa enc teawsessem= 1754 Caran. oases aes 928 LEQUID STE Bens Seen enc 9 SSO S55 Sere 1753 Citharichthys --...--.- 2677 [SUE ST Gee oreo tao be een 1754 Engraulis ..........-.. 448 pallasianus, Cephalus..-.......--.-- 1754 Enneacentrus .--..---- 1142 Pallastiy.Cluyiod cc. 2= 214 cephalus’: vss -oeeeene 2141 papilio, Melletes.................... 1932 copel <<. < =<. .t Steuer 2143 papillifer, Gobiesox ..........------ 2330 dactylosus ........----- 2144 papilliferus, Chologaster .-....--.-- 704 holomelas . ....-5...4..- 2140 papillosa, Aramaca.......--.---.--- 2672 | liparinus'.. -s. 5.5 eee 2139 papillosum, Moxostoma -.-.-.-..--.---- 189 MENtO . .cccscscesscuses 2142 Index. 3059 Page. Page. Paraliparis rosaceus. --.---.-- eae 2142 | parilis, Ophichthus.-.-.-..--...-....-- 386 MOC ea seee= === 2144 Ophichihys2< =. 5..2-5.--- =<. 386 parallelus, Centropomus...-...--.-- 1122 Ophisgigae: 32 .).s... Aace 126 LT LUNG So 8 Jk cee ae ee 1112) | ‘Parma rabicunds-25.--2-.-c.+eass~ 1565 paranasimos, Acipenser .....-.-.---- 106 | parma, Cichlasoma ........-.--.---- 1519 Lone inh aa eee ee 1221 | Heros S290 20s ee eee 1519 GYGOIUS = osc oss -2-~s252 1222) | -parmifera; Raia = =... 2.scens---22--- 75 PAE OMOI ance sccsseseoe 1221 | HE <5 oo ara ee eae 74 IParapoOmMacenirus ..2.-.-.---.-.-. 1549, 1550 | parnatus, Setarches ........-------- 1860 IED a Gi) a en 1GHS) | earophntyass cos c. oouses eee ees 2637, 2640 panamensis.....-.----. 1669 — AFTER cso teu eee ra cew 2640 ERR MEN Se eetcin ce aa ccn sas Sees sesks seu 2641 Paraserranus hasselti-.......---.-. 1205 TACUYPRR cose esti asense 2641 parasiticus, Simenchelys .--...-.----- 349 ASOIODAS awinetecend Soenci- 2642 MATANDIN(OS, CALAN... -ce52s5—06200- 923 quadrituberculatus ..... 2648 LEST ee 916, 917, 921 Vetnltigt 2.6.22 necacecen 2640 OED Gi CE aa aeer ee Sie 921 | parovanus, Cyprinodon ....-.--...--. 666 PATON Gian oes oi = 3 Svea a ose asec e ss 1674, 1677 Myloleucus ....-.------ 246 pardale, Leptophidium -..-..........- 2486 Ppenens 3222 2.2--2---=- 859 pardalis, Epinephelus .--..........-. TISS: || pares “Diabasis.°- 22 2. ws4ecencsasee's 1299 Monacanthus ............- 1713 Ferien <6. 2asesssec- oan 1297 Mycteroperca....---.....- 1181, | parnse,-Albulaic.. 25. Seas cop le 411 PIGNTNYS 2s cn2s == Sess 25 376 SPANO eee eae 1586 pardus, Batrachus tau.....-......-- 2317 Chatedon:.<.25-425-522-s5 1685 GEAR er Sea ssa aeian a = 2 2316 | Clappicus. esas ecses se eens 1586 Parepinephelus -.-...-....-. 1169, 1170, 1180 | Exocetus.....-...2 a Caceres 740 VS PUG Sots Se SR eo eee On eee 1485, 1486 PepemlOn-= =a. an see 1297, 1309 AGUMUNAIS << ssc s cn ee ess 1487-| Parraserranus...............-.-..-- 1203 PatevaAlnveres .2..0...22.-25--.. 1719 | parrianus, Monacanthus.......-..-- 1713 IPATSXOGWUUS scmses secs tcslsnes seo. 799-\:Parrot-fish, Blue: +=;.2--<.22-<4 525 1636, 1652 mesogaster ...-..-..-- 728 | Dark-green ..-..---..-. 1638 DEE TLDS oi oi? CS Se Soe nee a eae 1244, 1265 Greens s:- 3282 32s 25 1657 fe STi gh Te ee 1260"; Parrot Wishes :s2-5- .3..deecee =e 1620, 1642 Colorado: 2222..5.2... =. TAGS 126701306: | Pareok, MENG oon eee pc ec ex's ccanws os = 1639 Criollbencotec-\.csteccs: ses5 =: 1265 Wose-bacKcsocaa-2--- s-ess => 1635 MOH O MOU oe cosossawesacece~ 1262 | parryi, Rhamdella.-........-.----.- 153 de) Raizere.--<.25<-55.5.05.4. 1273 GAMO IB) not soe ana eerne ae 153 GEAGhInNAaAnPo -~2.22.--2.250-. 1264 | partitus, Eupomacentrus ----.----- 1558 Warenes-to sean -- =P 82 | Pégo Ojac.--s2--40 se ee 2699 Pasbors ci sss Seagessasisac eee 949 | Pegedictis .......-.--------- 1941, 1942, 1944 Patao. sci sistscticssssossetet eee 1378 | ictalops.:..-.vusgewene 1951 patao, Gerres.-....-:.--------------- - 1378 | Peixe Apulhia =~ 32222 225-25eeeee F111 patatus, Julis..-.------------------ 1591 | Peixe-fonda 22 2::222225 222424 eee 5. OYIs12 patris, Acanthocottus ----- -------- 2009'| ‘Peixe Rey. 2-.--2522-2 see = seen 806 *patronus, Brevoortia tyrannus .-... 434 | pelada, Anchoa .....-.-.-....-----. * 436 patruelis, Gambusia.---------.----- 682 | pelagicum, Siphostoma..--..--.---- 767 Heterandria ------------- 681 | pelagicus, Callionymus -.--.---...-. 2184 paucidens, Leurynnis -------------- 2460 Scomber-222. 272205 eae 952 Lycodopsis ------.----- 2460 Syngnathus...-.......-- 770 Oncorhynchus -.-------- 483 | pelamides, Scomber -.... SAE hE ic 869 Salmo...---------------- 483 | pelamis, Gymmosarda ........-.---- 868 pauciporis, Ophichthys ------------ 386 Scomber?. 2a 869 pauciradiatus, Callionymus -------- 2168 pelamitus, Scomber -..-..---------- 872 paucispinis, Ancylodon ..-.---.----- 1399 | Pelamys:=.::/2222-seeeee =e aeeeeeee 871 Sebastes: <=: -f2---5.-—.- 1781 chilensia: ..°2 20324 eee 873 Sebastodes --...--.-<.. 1780 lineolata .......-- i ere 873 pavonaceus, Heros ----------------- 1538 orientalis -.....-.sssss.-2. 873 pavonia, intis -ooe--s.2-=-- === 692 Sarda) ss -226c Sess neeeeeeee 872 Pocilia 25.5.4 5.25 S262--te 692 pelamys, Euthynnus ----.---.-..--- 869 pavoninus, Cyclopterus .......-.--. 2097 | Orcynus .--.-------------- 869 Paw, John’: s2s42 525523 c-83 eee 1159 | Scomber 222--2--4---0—-een 872 paxilloides, Lycodes.......--------- 2471 | Thynnus ..--.------------ 869 paxillus, Lycenchelys.....--.------ 2471 | pelegrinus, Squalus ..-..----.------ 51 Tiyeodes 252255 2-350-6ee="— 9471 | Pélérin...-.~<.< 226265 s5e=ne= =e eee 51 Peacock Flounder..-.-.----..-------- 2665 | Péllona.=- <2. 22.252.22----~- eee 435 Pea-lip Sucker.-::.:--:22.-22-27.-s 199 bleekeriana ..-........ s-=6 436 Pearl -fish222282--ss22ssseers—ees--- 2495 castelnzana.....0-.--.0s-s0 436 Péarl-fishes: 2222.2: Sjrsscaesocwectae 2494 flavipinnis) 2--.2-.-e-eeeres 436 Peche-poche: 2.222230 ee eee ceees 338 furthi .....--.-------------- 436 Péche-Prétre!. 22.2. sett eseeee ~~ 1784 orbignyana..-..------------ 436 peckianus, Syngnathus -----.--.---- 771 panamensis -..---.--------- 436 peckii, Syngnathus ..--...--.----.- 770 | pellucida, Ammocrypta ---...------ 1062 pectinatus, Centropomus..--..----- 1122 clara .----- 1063 Pristigs:<.225.2-2e23 60, 61, 2749 Vivax..--- - 1063 pectinifer, Clinus .----..-----.----- 2362 Salmoperca..---..--.---- 784 Labrosomus ..-.---.---- 2362 Thyris) - .<.2s2dsereee ese 2691 pectoralis, Albatrossia ......------- 2573 | pellucidum, Etheostoma clarum.... 1063 Bodiands e2scteesas-ece~ 1582 Ophidium, -.-2sssee.n- 354 Cossyphus .--......-.-.- 1582 | pellucidus, Delothyris . -----..----- 2691 Dactyloscopus .----.---- 2301 Osphyolax .......0s--=.- 775 Index. 3061 Page. Page. pellucidus, Pleurolepis..-..----.---- 1063 |- Perea fluviatilis....-.......22..-2-: 2841 SONGS Secs ace seme om 950 flavescens......... 1024 Pelodichthys -.--..--.-------------- 142, formosa... .---.2-----2------- 1208 OlivarIs. == ear ee == 143 RHE GA oo oe sats ce ss eee @ = tole 1200 Pelon, Guaguanche .......--------- 824 URW ERs sas Ia er 1460 LECT ae 3 ep Oe Oee Ee See eae eet 2660 PiDPOsAE sae oe asses econ 1009, 1296 pelta, Chelmo ..--..-...------------ 1671 IG AS one co eee eee 1154 peltastes, Lepomis ..-.......--.---- 1003 Sragiligiese oc .cesteeen seas 1024 HEMMin EOL. <<. .c 2 accnd=-==m= 1034 | Peranvlabas-. so- <5 os. eae + 1024, 2841 peltatum, Etheostoma...-..-.------- 1054 wuttate ese: = 2-5 - ace ee 1142, 1164 peltatus, Hadropterus...--.-------. 1034 PmMmMgewlais- 2-2 4-c- tase ee 1135 Turdus cinereus...---.--- 373 JUD anak ch one oh ceee poe eee 1323 pomecus, Bagrus.--..----.--------- 125 | lanceolata ...--...---.------- 1482 BEHEDHOTIGH p22 aoa =o niceloace wales a. 976 lophari.22s0-h cose tescet cea 947 POUR SL Rue =e wines siciow vine a\nie wale mn 977 Toubinae 24. Ja.cencebecise es 1119 mexicanus.......-..---- 978 TACHI ATA Sa 4sp aas~- aces seh ane 1153 mmlleri- -.<..--.+<-0---<= 978 MBVING) 2eomcnese can c's S oeeaeen 1761 “CUE a= S656 oebne peers 979 cauda nigra......-... 1303 schomburgki...-.-..-.---- 978 pipbasas~. <= o.—-t5 4" 1295 peninsulw, Bascanichthys -.--..----- 379 PNNIS S25 es eas ae 1259 Callechelys-.--..------- 379 puncticulata......... 1146 Chirostoma...-.--------- 797 BOCLAUUES. << cacanaacns 1388 LIGHTER eeepc eEeeee 797 venenosa ...-.-...-.- 1172 penna, Calamus ..----.--.-------- 1354, 1355 MGIANOYOM <- 2-4 =- 6s veoh eon 1303 ECL ES Be er Pr erasr perio 1355 TOR <= alana ete ane => 1057 pennanti, Argentina ..-....--------- 577 pire yh Bm ener Pee eee 1133 Maurolicus ........----.- 577 alternata ........--- 1133 Squalus.-.-.....--.--.---- 49 interrupta ......... 1133 pennatula, Calamus........-------- 1351 miter nates os acon cee 1135 Penopus --------------------------- 2520 | RIPON: senate ssa snnss4ae ne 963 macdonaldi ......--------- 2521 (Pomacampsis) nigropunctata 1021 pensacole, Harengula.......--..--- 431 | MODIS: o.oo Saas Sakae 1324 penshinensis, Salmo ...-...---.--- 508, 2819 | NOL WOPIGR Ja 23s oewae es cose 1761 pentacanthus, Bodianus.......----- 849 MIQHAty oo san lee oe ole ee 1024 Centrarchus .-.-..-.---.- 990 | DEG MW casa nase see 1454 Holocentrus ..-..--.- 849 philadelphica........--..---- 1202 JES Ch BAe eee 1576 | punctata ...-... Bae a 1145, 1146, 1433 Xenochirus.....----.- 2081 | TIS soo ee 1107 SR eaOG ERIS RENMEI eet w= lm ale mialesm w= = =i 828 TODUSIS «cache eed eae 1154 quinquarius .--..-.... 828 POCK-MSN Sosa uwesqn dees 27h 1133 pepinus, Lucioperca ..-...--------.- 1022 gtd eee oor ere eee 849 Peprilus ..-.----..----.-=---------- 965 SAIMONGA) sas e = 255-025 -5-= =~ 1021 perarcuatus, Pleuronectes.....-.--. 2643 TOU ns eee eee eee erere 947, 1388 Pores) -sa=.4- Bu 2 ee eee 1023 pt eee ie eae eee ee 1133 fi \tish) Go aaa SSS SE ae 1136 SP Ean ge eee ee ae See eye 1388 FU rate elena aye = 1024 septentrionalis .......---.--- 1133 URED EE oe ear aoc see ae 1833 serratogranulata .--..-.----- 1024 Ppa (0 (ee ee eer 1475 Seah ty Bo ee ee eae ee ee 1153 americana. ..-...-.--.------- 1024, 1135 Bitint@=o-4----d-0 eee 1311 Oe RE ne Oe eeere 1259 jete, macalin,...52 455. 4-- oa. 1153 ascensionis --.---.--.:------- 849 REO oe erate rere wee 1202 ite ioe ee AOR re a ai 1200 WENGUIZIGS cae er anaes deeds 1462 GUEVEOPS. o-oo aca const n smn 1132 PMICOLON, 2-22 - peanea a= a 1192 chrysoptera ---.------------- 1339 unimacolata .--.. 556. -.22---- 1360 dorso monapterygia ....----- 1833 | AEE ea aa eee ee 1200 fisvescens:. =---eeeee PELGOPSIS) sos > esos settee eee 783 | Pescadillo del Red.....--..-.-..---. guitatuss..-~-.--2.s25-~ 784 | Pescadillos del Rey.-.-..------.----- hammondi-...e245¢ obs <= 784 | Pescadito -....0022) 2.0. 2eeeee perezi, Carcharhinus ............... 36 | Pescado Azul ....222-2s2:22 See Platypodon 36 Azul de dos Colores 2264 1222 _ 1223 122, 2771 1376 122 Index. 3063 Page Page. - Pescado Blanco de Chapala -..-.---- 792 | Petromyzon tridentatus...........-. 12 Goloraddsssces= 5-2 eases 1453 | Petromyzonide-..-..-----..:....... 8 del. Reyes sss sess a So SUG) |p PGLEONUaSON asa enema ae een a= 1642 (EESCHUON 1-2 obese +e: 2722 | petropauli, Blenniophidium .-...-.-. 2430 Ear finn, aso eae eee 2724,|petwosus, Muri’. 2i 2s 2.\.2---a-6ec 284, 814 Pescados Azules ........----------- 1549 PErisotropis 222. 2..2-- =.=: 1172 IBlaANCOSrasss oso s ee ems 792 | petus, Acanthocybium ....--....... 877 iayniiyl We eae rr 806 Cy brainitee- nese ee eae 877 Blivsrid Oe eres ee es 430|\-POz Clepolcassas2sssscess san op Sets 2501 petenense, Dorosoma......--.------ 417 | Pezde Espada.............-........ 2749 petenensis, Chatoessus -.--.---.---- 417 Galois seasons t a= easenoe 895 Mollienisia..........--- 700 PMS san aude sees 1347, 1349, 1350 ipsvielodus: sacs cis< == 153 del Rey..----------.---.+-=.---- 799, 808 BimcHiniee on (aso 694 Luna..-...-.- eae incl seater alae Sie 1753 Rhamdia .-.---- ee enna 153 PUGLCO Sade ecicoeic ieee sae 1700, 1704 Tetragonopterus -.-.-.-.- 335 Sierra .....---.-.---------+-++---- 60 Tay hics, o.oo ee ad eis 151g | Pfeifferi, Murena...-..-.--..-..-..- 2805 Bplendida 2222) 4.58. 5s-5 25. 1513 Sidera ...--.-------------- 2805 petersi, Paralonchurus ...-..--.---. 148] | Phaenna, Hybopsis..----...------.- 270 petimba, Fistularia .--........-.--- 758 | Phawnodon., ...---------------------- 586 SIN ia pHs ones aoe 20S. So os . 757 TiNgeMs ----------------- 586 Petite Gueule.......-- ETE A 1370 | Phaeton, Pristigaster......-..-....-. 438 RRM Bie acrid 5267 Eke 3 10 philonips;:Cotims.---- 22.25: -..-.-.. 1960 POW. are el PE RHOsO HG 255. eo eee eee 1693 Plumbeus =. .-=-Sass= 13 | Philypnus -..-....----------------- 2194 3064 Index. Page. Page. Philypnus dormitator......-.....-- 2195 |, Photonectinw=--2ecens= ee oe ye oe 587 dormitor:==--5-s5-2se2= 2194") PROXINUS:.<: 2. on sp ccs eee 228, 230, 240 lateralis ----.--.---- cn. 2195 elevelandi ..-=-2s5--nae5 237 phlebotomus, Acanthurus .-....--.-- 1692 flammeus - -~252-coseeees 242 phlegethontis, Clinostomus .--..... 243 Margaritus ----sesseeesee 241 Ct Sas spe o asoe 243 milnerianus.......<....-- 242 Leuciscus.-.----...- 243 NCOSBUS .. 65 5 cen weese 241 Phoxingis'>-2. <5 -5-42raeeoee 2009 | phoxocephalus, Alvordius.-..--....-. 1031 Phoslie’ (2° 26-26-35 s eee ane ome 1211 Cestreus.... 52.22 s.=5 1414 pheebe, Centropristis.-....-..-.---- 1212 Cynoscion -.-...... 1413 Priomodes's..-2-4seeeceos eae 1211 Hadropterus....... 1030 Serranusic.-2ost"-eereeeeee 1212 | phrygiatus, Arius......---.----.--- Sk IPRGUGA DHS 2. cee coeeee eee see eeeeees 2430 Hexanematichthys .... 130 dyboWwskile-ce--sesece ee 2430 Tachisurus rugispinis - 131 grebnitskii ....--...2-.- 2431 |. Phrynotitan.-.--<:.-- 2. 2spe ee eee 2853 Pholidichtiyine -=-----.--s-sec=s65 2347 |: Phtheirichthys ---2--22222-eyeeeeee 2268 Pholidichthys-o---.-.5 ese ene 2405 lineatus.. 2... .-%s6 2268 anguilliformis ...-..- 2405 | Phycin® .....--2--.-2. a-osee =e 2532 Pholidinte one = ae === ee 2348 | Phycis ..----.--.------------/sese00- 2552 BGUBieR eee ener sms 2377, 2414, 2415, 2417 QAMeEriCaNUs 2 5 =550525 eee 2555 CATONMUE Sssos ee ka eeeeee owe 2379 chesteri ----- 5255-0 eee 2556 dolicogaster .-..--.:.2----<.- 2416 ChUSS i stn ee ee 2555 fasciatus <.. 2. c2eccsew eno oan 2417 Cirrabus <2. 2-6 --2-— eee 2554 gunnellus <=" oose--eeesees eee 2419 dekayi..--. oe =neee eee 2553 taczanowskii ...---.----- S-eo 2416 rostrabus-.<--s--.eee-pere== 2555 Photogenis -<---22--~-+-= >= 2- = 254 {enUIs -----2=-e oe eee 2555 ariommus.------------- 290 | Physiculus---------..--------.--..- 2547 emruleus) =. coe 277 fOLVUS2: <> ==>=— see ee 2547 callistius’ <2 225:2-2-.55- 276 japonicus: ..22222 seca. 2549 engraulinus....-..--.-- 296 Kanpis) vest eee 2547 eurystomus..-.-....... 277 nematopns ..=-...5---.. 2548 grandipinnis.-..--.-. ee 280 rastrelliger-------...-.- 2549 leuciodus ---------..... 291 | physignathus, Ceratichthys-.-..--. 326 IGNCOPS sen a eee on = 2 296 Couesius.-....-.-..- 326 leucopus 2-22-32. 2-..- 277 Platygobio.-......-- 324 NIVEUS -= 252s aera 278 | Physogaster...-.--.----------------- 1727 pyrrhomelas-....--...-. 281 | Piabucina..2c.- <--aseeses aoe 332 scabriceps as. -susee— 290 panamensis..-......-.... 332 spilopterus .-..-......-. 279-|. Picarels -...- <2. — cease e eee 1364 stigmaturus .......-..- 275 | picarti, Hemirhamphus --.-.-.-.--- 720 telescopus) .<...<2525--% 292.) Piccon0t<=-. <=... asusccee= sea 194 photogenis, Leuciscus.-..--..-.----- 296 | piceus, Bulistes..-..-.-...----..---- 1711 Notropis.........22-.. 295, 926 Melichthysici-~ 4.25 s ress 1711 Squaline -s. << 25325 -2e 296 | pichardi, Joturus...--...---.------- 821 Photonectes.<: se aa soe 1387 flavolineatus ......... 1386 INCINGE one ene cans ans 1386 Intescens <<<. .>--=2- 1389 oblonpior -2.25.2.2.<< 1388 ocyurus=-=2--------- - 1390 Pimoelodellshy 2-2 o..s5ce sees cen -=~ = we 153 Chapresitss2-2s-oeees sae 154 MOUCStW s22- 246s aes we 154 PmMeloginse soe see oe ese eee ee 116 BP MIGlOU OS san eae senda deme nein Se 116, 154 GG) 0 Recgecinnsonioge cere 143 ALIN sd 2 meee mene cana 134 Milavas= sa 72etne eed. oc.cs 140 BIDIOTIBS Soe com oeose asces 132, 138 ANtOMIBNSIS: .2-ss Sab see 140 argenteus -........------ 125 argentinus .-.---.-<.--.-- 135 SULVEUN--=- once sa also 135 AURATTUA [3+ o oe eee seen = 140 baronis-mulleri ......... 151 ploshyts 52252 Soe seo ee 155 Norealiss2=--- see sansa 137 brachypterus ..-.......- 152 GISNORHS Smee esse ata 140 cerulescens:-.-.-.----... 135 Caitll—s:<252:--2-oo.s- a2 141 Oath 2220+ ossen~soncee 140 3066 Index. Page Page Pimelodus caudafureatus ---.------ 135 | Pimelometopon pulcher -. .-.-----.-- 1585 OHAPTESL <2 see cone eoee 154.) Pimelonotus===-. 2----2--oeeeeeeeeee 149 Glamis) coset Spee eee 155 | Pimephales ..>-3- --<--- 2 2--—-e==er 216 DONAMIS' 2222-25252 eae 141 ALASSIZI..--- 5 - ee eee 217 cupreoides ...-----.----- * 140 fasciatus =<: -soueessa==s 217 CUPTOUS-2ee---------=-~ 140 maculosus ..----..----- 217 OGeksayi 2. otesn ee 140 milesi ».222225ee eee 217 erythroptera....-------- 135 notatus- -~.-.-25--s=—= 218, 2796 fOliNGS see ae eee 140 promel|as .:-2s een ee 217 TOMS =a o<25 eee = 141 confertus. -.. 217 furcatusies-s---essees=- 134 maculosus -. - ‘217 TurcileD = --2s2-ee= sen = 135 | Pincers: .<:-.5-6ss2= sess =e 431 godmanie-o---e -eae- == 152 | [Pinfish -=22=" 25-02 ae ee ee 1358 PUACIIS Sere ree eRe eras 135 | pingeli, Triglops....-------....-- 1923, 1925 STACIGHUN ---- Sete eae ae 135 | pinguis, Hippoglossus -....-..-.-.-- 2611 guatemalensis .--.--.---- 152 Platysomatichthys --...-.. 2611 Hammonds >=.) s2-eeens 135 Pleuronectes <- S22-seceueer 2611 hou Phivsssecss sane 185 |\pini, Trigla .->- 22-22 2--o eee 2177 hpys op oso reeeeer eee 141 | pinima, Acara.--.<-.--5.5-5sssemese 1323 hypselurus..--..---------- 152 Pristipoma acara .-.---.--. 1323 ThYsy bo Wee eos sees cae 147 |-Pink-fish’.->- 5-2. so-ce5=5 205 =eeeeeee 2262 lateralis: l2s-s$2222-5-<- 135 | pinnata, Mureena -....-....-.-<---- 351 laticaudus ..------------ 152 | pinnatus, Synaphobranchus .....-- 351 lemniscatus----.-.------ 147 | pinnifasciatus. Pseudopleuronectes 2647 VOUS 2 oes sacs see ee ane 137 | pinniger, Bryssetzres...--..----... 2328 IV Ze Sees s6ccg ae eonaese 138 Enneacanthus...--------- 994 macronema ....--------- 155}. GobiesoxX:.- 3. a¢--s2s eee 2329 macnlatas 22 ce as ceer 135, 155 Sebastichthys.-.--.------.- 1794 managuensis..----.----- 153 Sebastodes --.....---.-~ 1793, 1794 marginatus --.-.--------- 135 Sebastosomus -...--------- 1794 marmoratus .--...------- 141 | pinnimacuiatus, Ailurichthys. ----- 117 meralopsieseeass sa 135 Felichthys ........ 117 micropterus .-----.----- 153 | pinnis, Perca marina ---------.---.- 1259 modeghis --es3.-'---e=— 154 Turdus branchialibus ------ 1257 motaguensis ...--------- 151 | pinnivarius, Hypoplectrus unicolor 1192 atalise=t5-ccas-beeee © 140 | pinnulata, Seriola..-..-.......----- 907 nebulosus-....---------- 140 | pinnulatus, Elegatis ...--.......-..- 907 nicaraguensis-...-.----. 152 | Pinta, Carilla ----.--.----.-5--aeee 1152 nigrescens ....----..---. 137 Morena :s-<=:----/2-2 eee 402 WIPTICANS 2=---- ee 137 | Pintado ...-.------- -- 225 ee asees 875 motets ~ les it oes 135 | Pintano ...-.+.2-sores-eaeeeeeeeee 1561 (CGE 5 aR es aeose 135°) Pintanos = 235 5-.2-25- =: ee 1560 PeLenensIs --2-.-o------- 153\ | pintita, Morena! -5-2-=-sceeeeeoeee 397 platycephalus-.-.-....-.- 142 | pintiti, Murena..-....-...-:--.-.-- 397 polycaulus sje =~ -- 153 | Pipe-.--.. -.---s: eco eense ee eee 758 pullus --...=-..---.----- 141 | Pipefish, Common...-...----------- 770 punctulatus..-....------ 143 Great.2.32 Rae eee 764 TISIGAMS oop see eee ee 155 Ocean. -.55:.42 23 ee 774 salVill .--.---=-onecce-~ 152 | Pipefishes.::--2-2-. 222-5 .--...--.. 2709 macrospila =2--..----.5 155 fasciatten soueenes ees: 2710 pirapeda, Dactylopterus..-.--.-.-.- 2183 plagiusa -i2:2 652-2222... 2710 Pira-pixanga or Gat-visch....-...-- 1153 tessellatiai=oS22 Sesece0 2 bak 2709 PiraeMeOrCUGSije aces 25 tase ene oo = 785, 786 | plagusia, Pleuronectes -.........-.- 2709 PMIGHH AD Ish oan eee eae neieee fos 1174 SYMPHUPOS) - Seen <5 2709 Pirie, Cabrilla.: 21-5 5.05. 1181 | Plagyodontid#.....-.-......: eee 2826 pisavarius, Ophichthys --..---....--- 31% \ePlaryodus:...-ss2-c-sscersseec 594, 596, 2826 piscatorins, Lophius ...=-...--.-.=2 Jie | Plalee ae. 2 sete se ut swedaetbeeecss 2648 piseatrix, Pseudorhamdia-.--....--. Loo) | blain=alls oe ee ec e cote eee e ec 879 [ETSI Soe CES CAR CES BON AES see earr 141941 | plana Platessaeceosssecsces-ae sense 2647 pisces, Unicornu bahamensis .-.--. PS. oplanci , Mola tao e seco ses fk aes 1756 RACICHINS: HSOxX* S552 550-8 <5. 641 Tympanomium.-...........- 1754 PISO MEA ce elas a van iceese eels ote ADS Plan ChOLUs, + =cse snes aeee oe = oe 2827, 2828 Piscis viridis bahamensis .---...--- 1638 |) planiceps; Arius. --. 2222.22.25. 24.02 127 pisculentus, Esox.....----..-----.- 641 Catostomus..-...=.---..- 181 Pondulas:..-<-% =... 641 Netmmas ==: 2sse2ce a 127, 2766 pisonis, Eleotris...............-.. 2201, 2200 Rhinobatus ---....--..-.. 64 GODION Tso es sscten scents 2201 | planifrons, Eupomacentrus.......-- 1559 FARAOGONOPHIS! - soon seesce sss - ee 1592 | Plectobranchus |-.---..5-25.s-c2soeee 2431 Opsiniiee 2 socsaceeewae 1591 Vid 16S "ose ee asa 2432 Metis 225.52 ees 1600 | Plectognathi .-.--..-.~..----.------ 1696 POOY1: so52 25 eee 1599 | Plectognathous Fishes.-......---.-. 1696 PUNCIPIS 252 see tee 1591 | Plectospondyli - 5/2. =: 2 ysceeos-2e 160 TAGIAUS: 22> 2-5-5 0s 1591, 1597 | plectrodon, Porichthys.-.......-..-- 2321 PUPUUIS = 32-5 eames eo 1593 | Plectromus >. $2552.25 ee eceeee ere 840 semicinctus ...--..--- 1593 beanil | 52.2. °3cSset aaa 842 Pintyeopie::..225-22e sane eee 325 Crassiceps -.-22..-. 2565 843 commnnis = --.--+------- 326 cristiceps {-- 2. eeeee 843 RTAGUIS see eres see eae 326 lugubris 3: <..2s-eenee 842 PRllidns toys. o nwo s esse 326 suborbitalis -.......--.. 841 Index. 3069 Page. Page Plectropoma accensum ..-..---.------ 1193 | Pleuronectes guttulatus.........--- 2640 SHINO a- 2222 Jae mane 1193 hippoglossoides -...--. 2611 AEETIM eR ES oo oee a cles 1166 hippoglossus -.--...... 2612 BOyANOM en oho na 1193 ISGDY TUS aoc ssci-5) <= 2641 chloropterum ....-.-.- 1165 Letit, Seécscesneessnead 2654 Chlornarom. p=. ens. 1193 TSB WAS Re aeitees o 2 Ge ces 2654 ChOCObAte sam aciasewane ns 1192 limandoides ..--.----. 2615 ephippium....-..-.--- 1192 lineatns=--->-..---=- 2698, 2701 gummigutta .......--. 1192 linguatula:....2,-.---- 2615 guttavarium. ..--..---. 1192 MUN AIS. 52 ass oe sea 2666 HISPARGM: <2 55 seme see 1140 macrolepidotus -.----- 2672 TT NEI) oe Be Sone soar ee 1193 maculatus -.....-..... 2660 melanorhina ...---.--- 1192 MAGUIRE S 2c Sa ia ot 2665 monacanthus .-...---..- 1165 | eC re 2626 multiguttatus ..-...-. 1166 melanogaster -......-.- 2630 TREAT EE Shigeo ads sees 1193 microcephalus ...---- 2654 Duellay==--es hee sess: 1192 microstomus.......--- 2654 WAGON OM o a6 - on = 1192 mollis... ..% s--22.-2-- 2652 MOUNCGIAUS 2-66-05 - 1063 surinamensis ...-..... 2666 PIGHEONOGLOS = tere scans sees ee <= = 2648 MInbLOSMs: <2 sce sess 2643 Xe) Cae 2696 WQUILUGR ase cereaine oar 2641 americanus ........--. 2A.) EIOUTONG GUC: o-cnancaseces ao aas- = 2602 CTO EES Se eee eineses 21015|Plenroneching: .:s-2-ssss-40c5+--2% 2607 aquosus .............. 2660 | Pleuronichthys -...--...-.--.---.--- 2637 MERGE) = ence ne ea 2672 | ccenosus ...-..-.-. 2638, 2639 DUE 526 See S see nooeS 2666 | decurrens....--.- 2637, 2683 EGTIG TS Se SB ecc Heese ore 2645 guttulatus......... 2640 [RSE Aaa ee 2646 | quadrituberculatus 2638 piliMeatns ~<22522--<-- 2643 | verticallis .:....--- 2638 cicatricosus ..-------- 2649 | pleurophthalmus, Antennarius .... 2722 cynoglossus ......-- 2611, 2657 | pleurospilus, Girardinus.....-..... 688 dentate... s<=52.: 2630 | Heterandria..-.......-. 688 digrammus ..........- 2641 pleurostictus, Triglops..-.-......-. 1923 ellipienss=----2--~2--- 2605.) Plenrothyris’..-.9..-.--------<.22- 603 elongatus....--+--->-- 2657 | olfersts sas. tse 604 ferrugpineus --.....--. 2645 plumarius, Archistes ..........-- 1900, 1901 franikiinii ss de= sso~ ee 2650 | plumatula, Calamus...--.-.-.-.---- 1352 NUNS 20 SBS n Bheee eee 2654 | plumbea, Chimera.-........-.-..-... 95 pai) Oe SR See 2650 TON ee eee ee 216 3070 Index, Page. Page. plumbea, Hybognathus ..........-. 216 | Peecilia chisoyensis --------22..-25 693, 2834 ampotra:--ssseeesess=n4 13 couchiaia:.2222seceeeeenee 695, 2833 plumbeolus, Alburnops ...--------- 283 Couch iife=. = 552-2 5e 22 695 Manriilas-= 352-22 <5 283 cubensis: 2222222 eee 692 plumbeum, Zophendum.......-...- 216 CUNGRIA >= <2 -- 6.2 see eee 2834 plumbeus, Ceratichthys.-.-.......--- 324 dominicensis -...-.-- 696, 2833, 2834 Couesiis’.2-5.22522:2s<2- 323 dovii. 2522222 Ses Sea 695, 2833 GOD1O sneha een an nese 324 elongata... : 527-2 7eaeecees 697, 2834 Petromyzon-........----- 13 fasciata.< ~~ = s<=.22esSee ee 641 plumier, Le Tetrodon ........-.---- 1733 fasciatus! -222526-s.ceeReaee 2833 plamieri, Carank-22-23-+----hs5---=— 912 gilli 22s SS eee 692, 2834 Ghactodon’ <-2-5-.~+.-55" 1668 lineolata 5.--2c=-2-— =a neeeee 700 Conodén' 22. 25222 5sex 6. <0- 1324 macrolepidota -....---.---. 641 Coryphona,--~----2---5-- 2276 melanogaster .......------ 696, 2834 Diapasis es). s sae 1306 melapleura...-.-.------6s6- 660 GOETOS 20. Ja Fee ao eee 1379 MCXiCaND | 5-222 - -eeeeeeee 692, 2833 GODIN sfa20 25 0as sce asee ee 2206 multilineata -............-. 700 Hemaulon,.<..=0-=-2<2s--5- 1304 OliVACC822 23 <2 ee eee 659 Labrus sc s6.<< sCe2eo- ee 1305 pavonia.2 22552. csaceeeeeee 692, 2833 Malacanthus .-....--.----- 2275 petenensis'-<.)-2.-25-eees 694, 2833 Muel 4-5. ee 812, 2841 plumbeus..-.....-...; ‘a uewe te 2833 SONA aes see eee ee 1324 presidionis: - 22 3sceses.eee 697 SqOMGE=+-=-55 + -- tee e- 911 reticulata. |... 522 i2e--peeee 2833 Scomberomorus ---..----- 875 schneidert .2Sa¢ac-sese sees 691 SCOLPBHAs: = 6 aaa ats 1848 sphenops ¢2222-e=seeeae= ae 694, 2833 Sicyqrasis swore ee = 2206 spilurus’:<3:-.20..s6es==ee 697, 2833 A ivei nage fites pepe mee Se ee ee 1733 surinamensis -2...-..5-2oa- 691 Trachuxops!e: Ses-n-ha-oe3 912 thermalis 2.25.23 693, 2833 Tichidion Passes eo 830 (Acropeecilia) tridens...... 690 plumierianus, Caranxomorus..------ 911 vandepolli< oo: 226s =e 696, 2833 plumierii, Polydactylus...-..-..---- 830 arubensis --.--. 696, 2834 Polynemus......-------- 830 Vittatass.2.--sese=sese ene 692, 2833 plurimis, Cottus cirris ....-.....--- 2066 | Vivipara -22555-22eesseee 691, 2833 plutonia, Rajass--ses-ces. eae a- ss 69,70 | Poecilichthys.----...--.----- 1066, 1067, 1069 plnvialis; Labraxs- 2s Scie oe see ce 333 | MGSOOON! 22.2203 ase 1736 pecilurum, Moxostoma....,..-..-- 1OGe || eOLsCHA: 2 aoc vor ate toe oe 2534 peetulus, Citharichthys .........--- 2672 carbonarius............. 2535 poeyi, Alepidosaurus (Caulopus).- - - 596 chaleogrammus ....... 2536, 2537 Dactyléscopus --.-..---..--- 2302 | GIAVIA'=< 35 6 0-= can eee 2534 Mn pranlis<..-.+--.-.-=t0---: 445 WINOUS i teense ate 2534 Gobius ...-... Reese seta Q2OG NE OUSC KS oso ce as oe ec. cocwn Jueneed aoe 2534 PI AUIGH PORES ea sain wade me same 1598 | Puget Sound.: -. 2425-89... 2536 Hemirhamphus ..-..-....---. 720 iWall-eyed <25. = 322-2-ssauone 2536 LOTT ee Eee eer LBD MPOMAGIKE: 225 => Son c25cceacesaseeqaces 2534 WyeCeneTaahs =<. 0-2. 5. .0s~.- 2811 ATSs Kans = soo cees sen a 2535 PEO RStis aos oe s'a= o> ce ans « 1339 | pollicaris, Cottus..............-.- 1941, 1953 IPemphoeris. £22: 2.--=0--.---5- 979 Uranidea <2 #7222 52255. 1954 PP RatyirlGSStis%.= -<.cessecnasice 1999) Moline, POntmus.. 252566 l2cs+sesseee - 1857 Siphestoma =. 2---..+-.----- 706'| poloosoo; Carans:<:-22.---:.5:2:4.2- 928 Stolephorus --....---. spe hts wai 445 | polyacanthocephalus, Cottus....... 1977 PIVMLOM MEE SE ee Gre on ae Gasca soe 536 Myoxocepha- 10 Use oa A ORCS ee 2065 Fase eee _ 1976 PUTO ANOS o.oo ee cakes aaa o2 ose 1482 Polyacanthonotine................- 613 COOVOINDS= nu cce sees 1483 | polyactocephalum, Bryostemma.. 2408, 2409 PO RDNIAR Semen se cee ss woes 'e= ee = 1482 polyactocephalus, Blennius .-.-...-.-. 2409 COUNRDIMACH = oe eae oes ce 1483 | Chirolophis .-.... 2409 (atch) aS ese eee eee 1482 | polycaulus, Pimelodus.-........... 153 courbina....-...--- 1483 | an een eee 153 PARCIAR NAS =a. 6 eso sense 1435 SPOLYGINTNWSie 22 rek eae oe one 1477 PocOnichthiys -seneocensaoaneas ss 223 | Pri a Pie e E Se 1479 argyreiosus -..-....-.. 224. | rath ben, 2-2 sane 2s see 1479 ComMmUnis;. .2.22< <5. Boe || ME OLVGIEINUAL 2on adnan apace to aa wee 1477, 1478 (Platygobio) gulonel- Ralydaectylns 222 35-25 se tent aee =n 828 UMEECes gas semnaeece 326 approximans .......-.- 829 3072 Index. Page. Polydactylus octonemus ........... 830 opercularis...-.--..-.-. 830 plumierii------.....-. 830 virginicus......---.-- 829 polygonius, Acanthostracion_..-.-- 1725 Gymnothorax..-........ 394 Lycodontis .-...-.--..- 394 polylepis, Balistes .......-.-.-..-.- 1700 Poly miniay ce cet = eoeee ee eeeeneee 854 lOWOl soe sone cece cateees 854 Polymixdids «22. .--2-s525cme=sseenss 854 polymorphus, Gadus.......-...--.. 2540 Polynemidw'. ©. s<='s-s--s-cseee wes 827, 2841 Polynenins =. 22s. coe eee eae 828 americanus...-........- 830 approximams ....--....- 829 BPTOOL ca aso wetaeeee ats 828 ealiforniensis......-..-- 829 macronemus.....--.---- 828 MARLO lease 830 melanopoma......-..-... 831 actohlisi x. lassepeeee a= 830 octonemus....-~-....... 830 ONZOUON ye eee eee == 830 opercularis ...---..-.-.- 831 plumieril): < 52.2 -25.5-5<2 830 quinquarius .....--..-.- 828 sexradiatus .-..-..2...< 2183 tridigitatus .........--- 2177 Vil PINCUS |: =e = eeatee seine 830 POLY OOO) om ooe eae n eee ee 101 feuUlle ce —seesete eee 102 POU See aca tase 102 spathula) j.-s-nceee sees 101, 102 Polyodontide 222-5 65-2 eesaeeeere 101 OLY DEON ram eee ee 1138 amiericanus ....-.-----=-- 1139 COMNGi = oe nee eee 1139 OXYPCUIUS -.n- seen 1139 Poly PNOn IN sees eo. eee Renee 1128 Poly PliOsO DUS ce = 6 o- - se aoe 51 MGCOY <~ semen a= o-oo 51 Poly pterichthys-o.- sos ee aaa 754 polytrema, Bdellostoma .........--- 6 Polyuranodon -------.-saeeeee ese 392 Pomacampsis. 4.2.50 2-32-0eeon- seas 1020 Pomacanthin® ... .......-.-.--..- 1670, 2860 Pomacanthodes .......-.---...--- 1679, 1681 zonipectus..------- 1682 Pomacanthus 22.25). --sen.. cc eeeeeee 1567 caudalis....2.essse 1556, 1557 denegatus.......-.--. 1567 dorsopunicans ....... 1557 flavilatus <2 poses 1558 fuseus- 2.225240 aoe 1552 leucostictus .......... 1556 niveatus 225 ceeeeeas 1568 obscuratus......... 1552, 1555 otophoriis’<- 2-0-5 1555 paritus-.- 227-2 ee 1558 planifrons.--=~.lesoe- 1559 quadrigutta......-... 1570 rectifrenum .......-. 1554 rubicundus .......... 1565 Variabilis <2. >s-cesse= 1552 Xanthurue,2.sca-eeeee 1557 Pomadasis:. -. <..--222see eee ad ookots 956, 958, 959 ROmIDIODUS - 225+ => 222 sstan eee wcsee 424 PALLY ALIS) oo Sess tee 426 chrysochloris........--. 425 MeEGIGCLIS\. 525. a= —> soul 425, 2810 pseudoharengus -..-..-- 426 lacus- tris 426 car PAbt a Se a ee ors 426 ODIO DER eet Phe micleninie ov biclv'e.< tis cio 999, 1006 OM DITPONG oe nena see ae se 1003 IBIOVACEPA ce wc neice smnncicles 1003 GALOSDE) arsenic ak eoece emacs 1010 CONG TAG Ot Seer See ea as 995 CONVEXILOUS --o—c025=-5- 2% 1003 GlONP ANUS Co ma wwen menos = 1001 PAHS te ccctrccs siemimia ances 1003 VIDMOSUSien sq he ew ae rewcw se 1005 ONY No.4 See Soames oee 992 PUTO a alee e's ecw him en eos 993 | LDS 5 Sao BeceperenouoDeE 1007 | HOUPLG0K..w2. = -wanees soos 1008 TOE Sth Ore a es eee 1005 MIS OUED DUS ontoa ciate om ea ool * 1003 ROR PADI ioc oc cise eeeio ees 996 | OES = Soe aes 1006 marginatus ..............- 1003 | MICrGLOPHNS- -<22s-555----e 1008 | AGE) Coe a 1003 | CLG OSs ee eee eae 1003 | TOUCH G Soe 4S Sees Sass eesce 1008 DUBBUS eo Sacccen ons ebeese 993 GUSCHENS 4225-12 as— nse cee 1006 PANG Ua See sas wen yee nao 1007 [POs SAR oe ee aes 1003 TAMETIGHU See eee eansele acias 1010 MUUCH he Serene cacens cat 1001 sanguinolentus ........-.. 1003 EEE Sie nS ee 1001 SPOCIOSUS -=--s25--6e7--- 1006, 1008 | WH AINISE oe oeesedccash a 1010 pomotis, Acantharchus ............ 989 Ambloplites -............. 989 | Céntrarchus = 5...sts22-2.. 989 BAM ORIN Ko seem = Coc ce aoe ae a ate ooaian 986 ANTALIS Wace chk cece 987 sparoides (2225.22.52. aux 987 IROMOXY See ene = anne eee = as 986 PEOVICANAS) 1. cose ean 987 intermedius .... 0s )ss555= 987 3073 Page. Pomoxys protacanthus .-..-.- Pre Ore 987 SPALO CS ase newae ee sclse el 988 Pompano, California.........-...-.-. 967 Commonaaneecer-- ee ===> 944 Mrish\ cess secssseeracecc se 1376 POM pHi esse sess cameo tels «tele 900 OUMD ELIS ee tle ca tacalsctese sats o\sia© 962 pompilus, Centrolophus...-.......-- 963 Thynnus ..........- ae 900 (POMpONn =. =) sede sacs ace ce eae < 1318 Ponco' Prieto: sasec cee saseeae ees 1297 Pond! Smelt ss sacnnowesewenceewm el 525 ponderosus, Amiurus ..........-.-- 137 Tetalurtisiscc-ss-ce25-2% 137 pondiceriana, Elacate.............. 948 ponticus, Gasterosteus.......-.----- TAT Hippoglossus ..........-. 2612 POntinUs..25 iscsi pn asacane se eeaes 1854 CE LUO MEE Spee ooo sere Sree 1856 longispinis ............-- 1858 MACLOIOPIS wo 0:2 ose alo aaa 1855 POM nes. Ssnccewwesaseadtes 1857 rathbantce- 7.62 ans snawe 1857 RIGA anes ed ansinete ee ane 1859 PODON, EOMStIA ts = fa x's ao sata Sead 1003 POPOV Gna ss sdaee venencas seeee eae. 2586 Morbesngies ae as Abr. sabes ee aes 49 POLGs, SCOPPeNA- <..- peu vice ea aa=- 1839 Porcupine-fish <---.< -.552 seuss 1742, 1744 POTPOG poecatewan norco ae beet aan alen a 1509 Tuga te ieee ye aaron ek Poor 1343 Deepwater soa= sep semen 1344 HWuropean 2.2 -.ssesec= cnn. 1356 OVE yin aoe eae ee een nee eee 1346 GOUBRB Panesar sana. eee ee. 1355 J olt-heade>.. 52-205: Sp-s'snnos- 1352 Maittle-hesd 3-1. 2c a oes 1350 Little-mouth .-.............. 1354 RedGe wh newer aeeek sees 1356 SANCEL-BVO% A. ns2c~-oscccous 1349 SRA esas ests eee sunter cee 1355 Sheepshead .-...-..----....- 1354 SORGHORM essen ssn teins nee a's 1345 iW nite- Done 222. aon eee sees 1353 OMeONUn YS anc sbep eee eoe aoe aoe 2317 margaritatus ..........- 2322 nautopedium .......--- 2323 NOMiMsss <6. 25acaee see = 2321 plectrodon ............- 2321 porosissimus ...------ 2319, 2321 porifer, Lycenchelys ............... 2471 Miy CONCH 5 o--7- sea ae = == 2472 POUCH GN Samant 45 eee nea sae ote 1322 POLapronGUUs ono -n=sseo eee 891 Mojarra. . .-:22-:-oeee eee 1299 Morena®. --.. 325s 5eeseeeeee 2804 Prieto Pargo. ....2..-===skee=s-eee 1252 Robalo. 22.2.2 -5 24 1119 Ronco. 2... csecanncnaeeeeaes 1297 prieto, Lutjanus -----3-- esses 1253 Prilonotus « ..222< -<0.sde eee 1741, 1742 (Anchisomus) caudicine- tus. 2: 42. --eae ee 1742 Primospina; 2. =o ose seer 1765, 1774, 1783 princeps, Caulolatilus.........--- 2276, 2277 Cottus...22=2.5 eee eeeeee 1962 Latilus'-...<-\23sss=eseee 2277 principis, Antennarius .....--..... 2719 Chironectes ..-.:-..:2.-- 2719 Julis; 222-3. See 1591 Platyglossus ..-.-..--:-- 1591 Prinodon.....-sd'.2s6 92 See eee eee 670 Priodonophis:~-.-- -{s22sseeees 392, 393, 399 meleagris .......-..-. 399 ocellatus) > =.22.2222555 399 Prionace 25.2.2 322.2 2s2ee eee 33 glanea ..<: .cspeaepeneeeee 33 Prionistius - 222... ...5.42ses eee 1927 macellus 22225 seee seer 1928 Prionodes: 2:22. sce eee 1208, 1209, 1210 sQuidens: -.sa2aeaseeeee 1210 bulleri .. <2. --c.caeceeses 1213 fasciatus 2. cs22eeeesees 1212 flavescens <.-\csccs-cas-- 1215 fasculas 22235 45— 5 1211 luciopercanus .......---- 1216 phoebe . ==. inc esses 1211 stilbostigma .......-..-. 1216 tabacarius, --2-2-222 ener 1215 tigrinns -32s.ceseeeeeeees 1214 Prionodon cucuri ...5-2-22.2-- 1328 macracanthum -.-..-.--- 1332 melanopterum.......--- 1319 (Hemulopsis) nitidum. - 1326 notatum322+s.es5. (Jae =< 1321 panamense'- = ccs. 1331 productum s2--e-----<-- 1332 TOMOSUMissca-ccewe senses 1334 TONG cya tot Gowa ae 1323 scapiilare ;.--..2../22-- 1321 Gerrala - 4e-Sc cb: 1324, 1343 splemstum .-<7-...-.--. 1322 surinamense .-........-. 1319 METUROA DOD ied onto ce as 1320 VINE IicwMe S20 -o. 1323 Pristipomoidies: Ws. 4.2225. 2. ssceue 1279 EMINGR > 2... 1361 Sparns secs 5s soos 1361 proboscidalis, Agonomalus......--- 2037 Aspidophorus ...-.--- 2038 proboscidea, Limanda............-. 2645 proboscideus, Chwnomugil......... 816 Monacanthus. ...--.. 1719 Miupil): bos. Seco on-~ se 816 procellarum, Myctophum...-.--..--- 575 procera, Vienefiear 25.3122 22-24. 2s 365 PNGOOEGH, -28 5 san cae cou Sond wale 101 Fittatws: 22sec Se 102 procerum, Nettastoma -...........-. 366 Procerus maculatus........-.....-- 102 (Odontognathus) pana- WENSIAD CAL sS bs. 458 PMAGCON ssc en. M 438 PrIstiPasleriInws-=.6. sec 62 aaa 418 EGINUEPODID 55m t aco ee cece cies e 1329, 1331 acara pinima ......--.... 1323 PTL hn 3) So a ee oe 5 oe ae 1332 ROTA "sas S282 2k 1324, 1343 axalarek.2-.<% 2-2. 25<: 1328 OURS id: ey ae ee ee 1320 — belineatum 3.55.52 225 35. 1319 HOUGSHEte*--- Seen oes Se 1334 braniekts 225: 223..53c2 1334 prasiliense’:.-\-2 2-2-4 1320 Drevipinnes 530-55: 1341 cantharinum --..-....... 1340 GatbRamie. = <-.2-- oo 1323 3076 Index. Page. Page. Prochiltis :..<:- 2c s-dtsesewareeice 2195 | Promicropterus ............. 1229, 1231, 1233 proene, Cliola-sicci.o- fev ts deen r= 264 decoratus...--..... 1234 Exoccetus (Cypselurus)..-. 737, | Promoxis nitidas.:2.---. -eeaeenee 987 Hybognathus.....-..-...-- 264 | Pronotogrammus ......-.........-- 1224 Eby DGpSisi ee dace ee ae 264 O08...’ eaneeeee 1224 Le@ncisGus.2. 2-005 -5eo2-e ar 264 multifasciatus .. 1226 INotropisi-222 052 - eees n= 264 peruanus........ 1223 productum, Holocentrum ---..-.--- 852 Vivanusssecseoee 1224 Pristipoma <.22-:22-:- 1332 | proops, Bagrus: .~..<2-----eceeeees 124 productus, Alepocephalus..-...-.-- 452 Netomas ©< 23. sia Seeeeee 124 Cylindrosteus ..-.--.--- 111 Sciadeichthys -.-......-... 123, 2760 Engraulis .2..22-.--.... 447 Tachisuris=2-25- ssso-seeee 124 Eucinostomus .-......--- 1372 | Propteryzia<-=-----=----.5-8eseeee 66 Gadling st sevise sees 2531 | prorates, Leptophidium............ 2485 Leuciseus 2.2.25 ==--=--. 240 | proridens, Calamus ............ mace 1350 Merlangus.........-..-- 2531 | proriger, @linostomus.........-..-- 240 Merluccitisisctecss-ease 2531 Ib6UCISeNS =. - 25 - chs eee 240 Pomadasiss:J.35-s)2s250 1332 | Sebastichthys.......... 1788, 1793 Rhinobatus ......-....-. 3 Sebastodes .......-.25.- 1787, 1792 Stolephorus ...--.....-. 447 Squalius ....... Peco! a 240 preeliare, Etheostoma .......--..--.- 1104 | prorigera, Congermurena..-........ 357 preliaris, Etheostoma............-- 1104 | prorigerum, Ophisoma ............- 357 Microperca’..22.-...--..- 1103 | proserpina, Moniana......-....--.. 272 profundorum, Acanthocottus-....-.- 1991 | Notropis..:.eeeseee 272 Lepophidium ---..... 2484 |) Prosopium =< -2--. -2oses- sea 461, 462 Ophidiumie-—.so25 -0-- 2484 couesil, = --.s2L:oassteee 463 Seylliorhinus .....--. 22 prospinosum, Holocentrum ---..... 853 ZOStiCeliy : 2m 22> 1990 | Prospinus.---- 22. 2,-----5 =e eee 1164 profundus, Lutjanus.............-- 1264 chloropterus ..2:.-<-..22 1165 Mesoprion........-.---- 1263 | prosthemius, Ceratichthys-........ 324 Prognathodes:...--.2-<..-s2255<<-s= 1671 Conesius..= 32550 7ees3 324 aculeatus.~.-:--.:<-: 1671 | prosthistius, Amiurus ......-.....- 139 | prognathus, Argyrosomus ....-..-- 471 | protacanthus, Pomoxys.....-.-...-- 987 Coregonus ...--.------ 472 | proteus, Oncorhynchus .....--..--. 478 YO PMOL UB oreo oto ioe oe eee 2866 Salmo 2. - <2 ee aeeaeee 478 yo Gypselurus .2-2/scesces- 2866 | protoclus, Myctophum............. 565 prolixum, Campostoma.........---- 206 | Proteporus.----=.22-- eee eee 228 prolixus, Leucis¢us —.--..-es2se05< 206 domningid).-peacee een 233 . prolongus, Leptoconger.......-.--- 363 | proxima, 'Seriola --=-222:—cecceasaes 904 pronielas, Mcoobiat- 22.4... eee 2511 || proximus, Gadus==25-4—--6e sees 2539 Pimephales.....--..--.-- 217 ' . Microgadus ....-2.----- 2539 d confertus. --. 217 | proinosus, Gadus ..2). sob aseese a 2540 maculosus... 217 | Psednoblennius -.--.---..--.-----.- 2406 POregamus- ecco soon. == 2512 hypacanthus ...-.- 2406 Prometheus. -.-.2 2 Soseeeecee sees 882) | Psenesic. =. ~~ -- =. 2n-ee eee 950 Prometheus atlanticus ...........-- 883 | BUTI - <== 222 eee 951 prometheus, Gempylus-.------.----- 883 cyanophrys ..-....---...-.- 950 Promethichthys --.---- 882 fuscus:-=->.. cc ac2esceeeeeee 951 (Promethichthys = cat. ..eeseaa ee = == 882 javanicas <---- =a. 951 atlanticus ......... 883 maculatus. <3. 1am serene 95) parvipinnis.-....... 883 pellacidus: =22-2.s.5e—eeeene 950 prometheus......-- 882 Tegulus 5.<<. = =e 951 IPLOMICLOPS oan e= tae can dos eeeneeso 1162'| Psettichthys <-> 2.2525 -uaeeeeeeee 2617 PUARR sss as ea a Se 1164 melanostictus .....--- 2618 guttatis 22-2 yen eds 1162 sordidus -2icsl.cacceae 2680 IfAlera coco seus aded ss 1164 | Psettine =. 2... co ccnaee wcanesesans 2608 L[ndex. PAGO ArIOdeS = =o. ss----s-Soscass eee 154 pantherinus .....-..-.- 155 AGRO AMUIA soa si aus seac sae se oe 119 iPeendebastOs (..c2 st -as+sasccleovssss 1839 Pseudocanthicus .....-------------- 159 pseudocrocodilus, Scopelus.-...-.--.- 556 pseudogula, Eucinostomus ---..--.- 1368 Gerres) c=. .55> 2-5 --= 1368 pseudoharengus, Clupea..--.-.----- 426 Pomolobus .------ 426 lacus- tris - 426 Ppendehemiodon ...-!.5-52---s4-5-% 156 pseudohispanica, Clupea.-..--------- 424 Sardinia ss222-- 35. 424 pseudohispanicus, Clupanodon ---.- 423 FEREHA OJOS)... -=--=<--+5--26-=-6-5-- 1604 ROS EUS tas aa nea ee 1603 californicus...-......-- 1601 FUOTUAUOS cosas ost sso 1604 MOMANObISsc= sss oases 1605 modestus) 222-2. 22-22 =): 1601 notospilus -<.-..-.5.-.- 1603 WMEMUS IG ae oc ae = en 1602 FEACMOGLOLICALIG wees 6 sccc eee acess. 156 Pseudomonacanthus .....-----.--.- 1717 | amphioxys. -- 1717 Pseendomurens --55.. 65... - 2.5.55. 392 Pseudophoxinus .....----.--------- 243 Pseudopleuronectes..--...---.------ 2646 americanus. --. 2647 pinnifasciatus.- 2647 [OPS rl che eae ae 2647 Pseudopriacanthus ..--...-......-. 1239 MIGBSE eS See oe 1239 ODT Ola eon oo 1239 Psondorhamdis wc... 26. c- 222-5552 -4 153, 154 PIseabrOT -—- 2-5 =. 155 Paeudorhnompus~csece~<.-- so2Soc. co 5 2624 adspersus .....--.- 2627 brasiliensis........ 2626 ealifornicus ...---- 2626 dentatus -...--.. 2630, 2632 oblongus ....-..... 2630 WCEUATIS cote. see. 2630 quadrocellatus ---. 2635 OTANI temas Ae See te 2626 Pseudoscarus acutus...-..........-. 1652 aracanga .....-..--.. 1648 @eruleus 22: 22522.2- 1654 SMOTINe 2 seas= 1648, 1654 ceelestinus..2...... 1655, 1656 diadems 2222>.3---5.. 1646 flavomarginatus -...- 1652 gnathodus........-.. 1650 guacamaia.... 1656, 1657, 1659 3077 Page. Pseudoscarus lineolatus ...--...--- 1651 microrrhinos .....--. 1655 BUCHAlS Tet 5oe. Hoe 1654 obtusus 222244....... 1654 PSLNiGor > 235552. 2+. - 1659 pleianus 4-922 232 Ss 1656 punctulatus ......--. 1646 psittacus .........--. 1647 quadrispinosus. -.--- 1648 rostratus .........-.- 1658 sanctie-crucis....-... 1651 Simplex -3.--22-22--- 1656 superbus' ---25-2-_--+ 1650 twmiopterus .....-. 1646, 1647 trispinosus -......... 1648 turchesius........... 1659 Wetols - 2.22 e tee. 1650 Pseudoscivna surinamensis....-:.- 1420 Pseudoscopelus .................--. 2292 BCTIPbuS soc --se ee 2292 | Pseudotriakids ....---2.2-.202--2.- 26 IP SCUUObriakis 27 2c oSseeeee seen 27 mierodon’.2... <= .'---2 27 Pseudoxiphophorus.........-...... 678 bimaculatus. . . 678 reticulatus.... 678 | Pseudupencus .<0-22.>.-4.t25 2822. 858 (SPsilonotus oie. eee ee eee: 1741 punctatissimus......- see) SIGE. psittacinus, Centropristis.......... 1213 SAUTARMS aoe ss ok on ee 1213 psittaculus, dulis.22- 22-42 -cs. soo 1597 abrag cess 28.5 eee 1596 psittacus, Callyodon -.............. 1638 Cheilichthys .--.-....... 1740 Colomesas’ 222320 5..-2;2 1740 Coryphoena.-.=:-.:...-.: 1619 Lachnolaimus ..........- 1580 Pseudoscarus -...-....:. 1647 DCATUS oo oe a5 we coe —-—— 1647 Tetrodon=s- -22.--.- 22.52 1740 Myrichthys'+- 22). .2-. 1618, 1619 IPSVGRTOIITIOS =e ea ote sans. eas a5 oreo 2025 paradoxuss.. 22. ..c2 2 2026 POUL orcs oe Ieee 2027 Psyehrolutine 222-22. .- +. soe 1883 | Psychromaster .....-.-.....2-.-.... 1099 tuscumbia.-........ 1100 Peterachide .27sso5 35 saa ese one eee 955 ierachs 246.45 sesso ssa sesanes sees 955 CaTOHNURE. oo ees oo as 956 trichopterns-—--.--...--.. 956 Pterenpraulis 25 22 do2- os seoe se ook 450 atherinoides ---...... 450 Bterocephala-c. 3.25. sees as ceee ae 92 Pleropnathus .2-222-.5 8-055. 2354, 2355 3078 Index. Page. Page. Pteronotus....-. spethtee ees tome 149 | puellaris, Decodon -...-<- --5-eee. 1584 Pierophryne = -sene-sceenne- Sears me 2715 | Puerco Espino: sa922t= -ne-e= see eee 1745 ADDS anew ee eee = 2717 Pets. 24h 525225435 1700, 1704 istriOl oe -seeee ee ee 2716.| Patter .-- 222455 < 2- = <2 -cse-e eee 1733 levigatiee sce 4.05. 2717 Smooth. --.4e=enees 221 Pty cholepisii-2-== «seen soer eh == 414 Leucosomus - --...-.-...- 222 Ptychostomus.< <= <<2-s-<- <= oe =e 187 (Liparist-. soe es=se— eee 2126 albidus -.----------- 192 Oligocephalus ...--..--. 1089 5 el bGsS)-seeeeseee- oe 191 Squalias- 22-225. 222ceee 234 breviceps --...---.-- 196 Zygonectes ..-.-.----.=. 659 bucco -...-----.---.- 191 | pulcher, Eques’..-2-25 2-5 sas eeeeee 1489 Cervinus .-..-----.-- 197 Dabras 2222. a -cse kee 1585 collapsus ..--------- 190 Neozoarches--.-.--..--...- 2426 CONUS =) 5e=--— eR eee 196 Pimelometopon---...-.--.-- 1585 coregonus...------.- 191 Semicossyphus...-...-.-.-. 1585 crassilabris -...----- 194 Squalius 222. 2.--ip.e scene 234 duquesnei ..-------- 193 Trochocopus .--.../5--.5-2. 1585 erythrarus---...-.- 193 | pulchra, Harpe-.-22se-.se~.e-seeeeee 1585 haydeni-.-<---2.--.- 187 Tigoma..>-care-nerece eae 234 lachrymalis -.....-.- 194 | pullum, Chondrostoma --.-.........-- 206 GG Eee ee 193 | pullus, Amiurus..--.-..-......-.--- 141 papillosus--s--)=-==- 189 Cantherines << —- 2535 PMBSUTRN) s--% e028 o0 1694, 1695 | Sebastichthys .-.---...-- 1826 puncticeps, Cryptopterus .....--.-.. 382 Squalus: s29 = 525.2 234 Ophichthus -.--........-.- 382 | Pursy Minnows....-...-----.------- 670, 671 Ophichthys:<- -<-2--=. 382 | pusilla, Aphoristia.-.---.....--.-.-- 2711 puncticulata, Gambusia-.-.-...----- 680 Bothrevsrd. 9225-05254 o- 2476 Perca marina .--.-.-- 1146 Clities: +. cogs axaAee hee 426 3080 Index. Page. quadriporus, Gobius -...---....---.- 2221 quadripunctatus, Scomber .--.....- 869 quadriremis, Exoceetus .--...--.-.- 735 quadriscutis, Arius ...-........-... 126 Netuma) 2 2i=s2se-cees 126 quadriseriatus, Artedius-.......-.. 1897 Teelintiss<--=-2-e- 1897 Teelus: = 225 eseee 1897 quadrispinosus, Pseudoscarus .--.-. 1648 Scarus:-- seneeetae 1648 quadrituberculata, Platessa....-.-. 2648 | quadrituberculatus, Parophrys . - mA 2648 ! Pleuronectes... 2648 Pleuronich- thyses scene 2638 quadrocellata, Anclyopsetta ....-.-- 2635 Platessa 22 ose- eee 2633 quadrocellatus, Pseudorhombus. --. 2635 | quappella, Etheostoma.........-... 1804 quartus, Anthias rondeleti-.-----..- 1266 Quasky .. -2.-2 -222-os- = See 514 Quassilabia) <<: 2.2 - 22 -<2snse= eee 198 lacera.c20-+ esse eee 199 Quassiremus) <<. «f.soneeetac eee eee 380 evionthas .--.-=.-..-- 380 nothochir ........-.-. 380 quatuordecimlaminatus, Echeneis- . 2272 | Queentish::-22- 52°) ae. s— eee 1397 quenseli, Pleuronectes ........-.--- 2654 quercinum, Macrostoma..---..----- 554 quercinus, Notoscopelus .-----.-..- : 555 Queriman .--2 <2 = ee oe 810 Querimana 2: 52222 san eae 817 @YTaNS o-oo eee ee 818 harengus=.s2.eseceseee 817 querna, Avzeyia -- 25. e ease eee 2675 Cyclopsetta ------ -----22225 2675 | Quia-quia.---222< -22-- eo ee 907 | Quiebra .-.-- <-> 2-222. eer 898 quiebra, Chorinemus ....---.--....- 899 Lichia. 2-2 3222222524 seeemee 899 | quiescens, Copelandellus .-.--..--.- 1100 Etheostoma -.-.-......---- 1101 Pecilichthys2 22: -2--=-— 1101 Prionotus: == 2222-2 4ceoy 2161 Uranides: -222 4-5. sean 1968 | Quictola 2-2. 2e cee. soos 2251 "¥-CAUUAG eae on nnee eee 2251, 2252 Quillback 2c. -c--ee esse eee 167 Quill-fishés ... .. 22.50 sac ee esas Quinnat Salmon .....-.----.---.---. 474, 479 quinnat, Oncorhynchus ......------ 480 Salmo’..-< 5s sGe2 =-5eeeeee 480 quinquarius, Pentanemus - .-..-.--- 828 Polynemus ...-..----- 828 88 Page. pusilla, Maynea.-.......--.....---- 2476 POLCR tso5s-sesese~oeeseaees 1107 (Platessaieees 22 eee ee 2647 pusillum, Acanthidium -.......-.--- 55 pusillus, Argyrosomus..----------- 470 Etmopterus ...---..-.-.-- 55 SPE see oe aeee see 55 Symphurus......-.-..---- 2710 putaol, Gymnotus...-.-..---.------ 341 putuami, Acipenser -...--.-----.--. 104 Cottogaster --......-.---- 1046 Euchalarodus ...--..--.-- 2650 LiOpRetiatsscestecss eae e- 2650 pygma, Eucalia inconstans-.----- 744 Wmbra, esse se-- eee eae 624 Limi) 22 so- 2. cecse— 624 pygmeus, Gadus ..-.....----...--- 2542 Gasterosteus --.-......-- 744 LL@UCiISCUBthe7 sos2 ese eere 624 Pygosteus.-...--------2------------ 745 pungitius -....---.-----.- 745 brachypoda -- 745 Pylodictis limosus -.-..--------.--- 143 pyramidatus Cyclopterus ---..----- 2097 pyrrhogaster, Chrosomus -.-.-.---- 210 pyrrhomelas, Cliola ..-.-.------.--- 281 | Codomia 222.2 =—s=~-2~ 281 INotropiss 2-6 .ss5e5 220 Photogenis.---.-.--.- 281 Pythonichthys- -----.-2:----------- 390 sanguineus .-.-.---.- 390 quadracus, Apeltes -------------.-- 752 Gasterosteus..-.------- 752 quadrangularis, Selene. ...--.------ 1668 quadratus, Porocottus .-..--..------ 1998 STIS an ee eee ee 1668 quadricorne, Ostracium..-..-------- 1725 quadricornis, Agonus ....---------- 2041 Aspidophorus..-....-- 2041 COs oss. seee ema 2001 Hypsagonus ....--. 2038, 2041 Ostracion ....--.----- 1725 quadridens, Pleuronectes .-.--.---.- 2654 quadrifasciatus, Chasmodes...----- 2392 Pholis: 25ss25--2 2392, 2394 quadrifilis, Bathypterois ...--..---- 545 CORTE epee oko oc 1998, 2009 Porocottus ......----- 1999, 2000 quadrigutta, Pomacentrus -.--..--- 1570 quadrilateralis, Coregonus..-..--.-- 465 quadrilineatum, Hzemnuilon -...--. 1309, 1311 quadriloba, Raia ...........-----..- 90 Rhinoptera...-..-....---- 90 quadrimaculatus, Diodon .-.-...----- 1746 Paradiodon ....--. 1746 quinqueaculeata, Raja. --.-----..-- Index. 3081 quinquecinctus, Pomacanthus..---- 1680 quinquefasciatus, Epinephelus. ---- 1164 Serranus ..-.---- 1164 quinquelineatum, Hzemulon.....-.- 1311 quiquemaculatus, Centronotus..--. 2430 Opisthocentrus. - 2430 Quisutsch ..------------------------ 480 quoyi, Cestracion--.---------------- 21 Gyropleurodus ..------------ 21 1) MOE NE aes ae eee nenee reas 882, 1748 Rabbit-mouth Sucker .....--.------ 198, 199 RabDUODNOLUS) |<. =2----.--t ce on --- 1672 ian) 61 aaa ee 144, 145, 146 Ta pIEUI.2-5-,-'- <<; eee 1274, 1275 =U oye Uh Re ear ere 1221 FEROUALE De eis Saselaie a olee= ae 1586 RHOMOIS eee | sas he see ae 1274 rabirubia, Anthias ............-.--- 1276 IRMIDIFEDIGS = aco ga--'-\-\- 20-0200 en-- += 1275 SRT icine anes <= <2 - soe sie - meen ne 390 PUNTTES-CUICIS on .5 cen cision =< 390 lonmicauds 22. . 2 ---en-=-- -- 391 MarmMorea-.-- 6... .-------- 391 PauamMensis -....-.-.-------- 391 ToC 0 12 eRe aap as oeeeeics 1023 Rachycentrids......-...----.------ 946 Rachycentron .....----------------- 948 GANAS: soca s=e 512 948 radiale, Diplectrum --.....---..-.-- 1204 radialis, Centropristis.-.-...-------- 1205 OUPIGCEEUM <5 = an= 5-2 = 1205 Serranus ...---.----..--.--- 1205 radians, Centropristis.....--------- 1208 Miplecivum -----------.--. _ 1208 DS Bee Beeoeecee co aeee 1633 SENSES Oo = ects ie cle = wats eso 1632, 1633 MOCUAMUA a. 4 wenn ominisia= = 1208 SPeMISOMA. eer ee- 2 -cnn- == - 1632 PERU ENGR Benno av oe nnn aso => ~ 69 iy etee Sacanicn snes = c 69 radiato, Turdus oculo ....---.------ 1703 radiatus, Cherojulis -.....-...----- 1591 Halichweres.....---.-.--.- 1591 PEREGO oese,e de ac eccests oe 1590 JU ES Ano ene a aeee 1591 MOP NEES. sensed -into- =o 2738 radiatus, Ogeocephalus .--..--.---- 2738 Platyglossus -:.-.....-- 1591, 1597 SPSS sees heer ee 1596 radiosus, Antennarius ......--.---- 2725 IPA CNES seem ee cea = nee 1919 ANP COUR ao ee = 1920 polegideshe.gs5——see- =—— 1919 rafinesquei, Acipenser ..--..--.---- 106 Golletittas..3-225-=5-=3 567 Cylindrosteus ..---.--- 111 3030 116 Page. rafinesquei, Myctophus ..-....--.---- 567 Scaphirhynchus -.-----. 107 Slee vel Beecoeeiga: Sere. 567 Rafinesquiellus...........--- 1066, 1068, 1082 ETE a SING Gos ose ae aes ec Soe oerae 968 VNC ee at eS eR p Sere ce coe 66 AMOETICANA ss aceon seen sts 69 Jomo) bo osecs coe seSnsecsoe 93 CRANTON a ee elelsin sete ns is ae 71 COONOMI == aaeoemae secrets 73 GesMar esti econ eee cist seen 71 diaphangine poste seen ce =e 71 oplanteriaewc-sse-e 2.22286 52 68, 71 BYINICAD oe s'a5 sae ae eee esas 68 Aim DriaAba «hs s2 ec sas owen eee 93 Ho lbhen A needa toes eae 88 Tbe ROE NEE Gea are ee 73 INOTMMS)< 25.0 -snsaaas ae 73 OAT onan. sia ieiea a Aeneas 73 WMAOLULS sa 2ic a o'vim le sin. dlmeinya/= 3 ¥ 87 TU OTP SY oo cine eta w we'ais efeeeais a's =< 93 NESTING Seni a blag Seren ees 88 OURUSR occses ee co peace aise 2751 OCGUOt oo so mae mae an ae 69 RR ON Ala acorta ac as eel te eles 15 feet bol (0) 1} Beem pers ee eee 90 PESOS esa a ciel em aie 5 <6 69 pion twee cern soap Pee aoe 72 TROT TB Se oier rains teint alee 76 A DORC UALR cimmnviaeie na Aa oles 84 Raiada, Majarra.........-..-.--.-2- 1561 Raiado, Roncador .-...-.-..-..--- 1301, 1313 SSO Sa ossiniatsla Maat eaters 1361 Raie tuberculée ...-.....-...---...- 84 Pek ESE ARTI Soham weimin olen wea es 958, 959 DPBLUG oe.c ance nenweceueunisew~'e = 960 Ramnhow Dartensc. o> a. aewees 1088 1S (Crh YOR Pee Ree “eee e 524 aft Te ke = Re ere 500 (BAU WALOR IGN ce scmaaics co sec= 4s ne 665 REE RPI tee nas ae wee a 1247, 1251, 1273 1 fen ee eo ee a Ee 66, 2750 AD VSSICGA So oe tae oe anni steal 76, 2751 PU Rie ser eononicoee ma tear os 70 USGI Ree mo pene nee nae Seis oo 75, 2751 binocplatal oo -eis-) sass 72 NODERUS ~~ sae tee eae 90 GOUGITES aan ea ee a 83 diabolus marinus.-..-...--..--- 93° eglanteria..---o----++-------- 71 equatorialis....---25...5--s<-- 74, 2751 QIUUACGKS. Anse ae = Seema ae 69 vy UU eae esses eee eee a= 68 pranulata >. ------<-~---=----- 72 MOCVD AA eee a asones aoe waaoio = 73 IMferea Pia wees e eee = 2751 3082 Index. Raja jamaicensis --...............-- 81 | rathbuni, Pontinus -.---.--........ 1857 leyist-<282 2 ose ee 71 Upeneus 2. 22-227 S22 see 857 ocellata ics £2 225-22 sees ee 68 | Raton =: .2:-..2.223-2--5 522 829 OormMatsa, is25stssl2sec.2 torn 71 | Rat-tail, Common:--->-2ceeeeeeeee 2583 parnnferacssss22*s=52>2226eo. 74 | rauchi, Acipenser ..---. -- 2222-22-28 106 Perceliens= sora se -eesecsaaee 63. |"raucus; Sargus -.52-- 22s ecussee eee 1364 plutonia? so 222525255 5-022, S822 69, 70 | rava, Pteroplatea..-..-.--.-<--.sa56 2754 quingueaculeata -...-..---....- 88 | Raven, Sea -2-- 2-3... 3.0 -oeeeneneae 976, 2023 yadishe 522205222 s ee 69 | raveneli, Esox:.=>:52-.-.-+- seeeeeee 626 hina oss fe Sis Fhe ts See 72 | rayenelii, Pomotis 2-..c-22502.e eee 1010 TPOSISPIMNIS S25 - 25 ce 35 eee eee 2751 | Ravens, Sea.i5cce eee eee eee 2022 BAY toe ase nes eee eee 86 | Ray, Butterfly.....- saves insta tae 86 PI Oe a ee = 71 California Sting.-.--.-....-.-- 89 Blog Sos. al oesee sete eee 81 Common Sting. ----2.e-sneese= 83 steliniats = 2-5-2 > :22. tees 75 Cow-n0se-. «= 5....c28sseeeE seem 90 trachuma}22425>s2>sssoep sas 75 Southern Sting: -2-2-=-—-- eee 86 PAjl, TAINS 22. 25 isos cso oseeeseee 960 | Spotted Sting; --2=- = e5--=— 88 Rajides 2 i2i eee 79, 82 Bamulatia = o2sss-2lsecnsecee ee ees 2633 Thick-tailed-..... --<22-e=sne= 60 dendritica......-......- 2633 Whip-tailed .-_ 3. ..-=-sseseee- 79 ransonnetii, Neoditrema..........-. 1511 | Razor-back Buffalo............---.- 164 ranula, Careproctus....--........-- 2134 Sucker... 25 toe nese 184 iparisc 22 bstere coer ceeee 2134 | Razor-fish-....-..2.0¢..-eep eee 1617, 1618 RAN ANIG = cee = teow ee eee a ee 1755.| Real, Matajuelo---22:..-22-s-seeeee 410 IP UE ee pn 1755 | rectangulare, Cichlasoma...--..--.- 1515 truncata..--............ 1755, 1756 | rectangularis, Acara..-.....-..--.- 1515 Ranzaning -----.-.----- 2-22-42. 1752 rectifraenum, Eupomacentrus ...--- 1553 rapax, Ptychocheilus .--..-........ 225 Pomacentrus .-..-. -- 1554 raphidoma, Belone.....--..--------. 716 | recurvirostris, Sayris.......--.---.- 125 - Tylosurus ..........---. 715 | Red-bellied Dace..........-.------- 209 raptor, Gadus..-..-----.------..--. 2552 | Redbreast Bream.......------------ 1001 Raro ---.------+------+--- 22-2022 e ee 404 | reddingi, Orthopristis .............. 1336 rarus, Rhinoscopelus.-......-.-..-.- 569 | Red Drums ...)2o25)-2 eeee 1453 Scopelus ..-..------------... 569 | “Red-eye.s 22s... +-acencese ee eee 990 HEAIBCACIO . 4200 2177 Rathbunella 5 232256 25-2 Saceeaeeeee 2289 Hind «. -.<-5 2 ¥ssct5ssepseeeee 1141, 1158 hypoplecta............ 2200 | Redhorse....2:1=.-2..0eece eee 187 rathbuni, Fundulus ..............-. 649 Common . :.i:i2.oee-ceneee 192 Maulloides:.:.ivseccuvsuess 857 Texas)... 0.22 vee eee 192 Paralonchurus ........-.- 1479 | redi, Orthragoriscus......-......... 1754 Polycirrhus...... eeee---- 1479 | Red-mouth Buffalo Fish............ 163 Index. 3083 Page Page. Red-mouth Grunt ...-..-....---.-.. 1308 | Remora remora..-.-..----- Saran 2271 Red barron Wish ts tec cseceq sven nos 1635 | remora, Echeneis..--------.....--.- 2272 IROEDYy,- == 222 eee ee eee 1356 Remora ..----.--.------.--- 2271 Tap) fa the) | gee ec ee ae PSO HS SEOMOnANe. see ome niaata me tes arate 2265, 2271 Rock /Eront=-2ssse-e ancee ne SY Pai Brey ae ee ae ee ea 2271, 2272 iRonGatlorx=2’.-12 oes se= > . ---<.7--2 ose eee 61 fodmani =-.-222----S=2==> 152°) Rhinobatus --- 2-2: 2==-22=5 see 61 guatemalensis ..-..------- 152 | ; , Cleciri¢usscesss--2nsee8 63 hy pseltrus)-->-ces-----=— 152 exasperatus ........--- 65 lsticauds -----=.-----2---= 152 glaucostictus ---.--.--- 63 managuensis ------------- 153 glaucostigma.......... 62 MICTOPUOLE |= een eee = 153 lentiginosus -..-...---- 62, 2750 motaguensis tm aster a 153i leucorhynchus ts TH. 62 nicaraguensis .----------- 152 marcegravii -----.-.---- 63 Danity 26 eee eee 153 percellens ............. 63 petenensis...------.-.---- 153 planicéps 22-22-22 s.seee 64 polycaulus .-..--.------.- 153 produchys sce. senses 63 Salyanit=-- seo eaten ee 152, 2790 Sspinosus:..$/-s2-eeee 63 WASGDL = aoe ae ee 150, 151 | stellio: ..52-seee—= ee 2750 Rhamphoberyx -------------------- 846 triseriatus.--.---..-.-- 66 leucopus ---------.- 847 pndulatus) = -2-3-> ee 63 peecilopus ---------- 847 | Rhinoberyx ..---- oan sence, oeeeee 818 Rhamphocottide ...-.....-...:--.-- 2029 ehryseus. -222<.2eeeesee 847 Rhamphocottus ...--.-.------------- 2030 | Rhinodontinw ..----.--------------- 52 richardsoni-.--..---- 2030 | Rhinogobius contractus...-.-..-.-- 2236 HheewO peer 22225 con aaa 781, 827 | Rhinoliparis ----- - noo ase 2145 Rhencus ...--- Oe a eh 1329, 1331 barbulifér: 3.2 2145 Rheocrypta ...--------------------- 1044 | Rhinonemus :.-.-.-2225-eeeeeeees 2560 eopelandi?.<32-26----<- 1046 | caudacuta .--.-------- 2560 rhessodon, Arbaciosa ...----------- 2340 — cimbY108:.-2-S-5--e eee 2561 — GOpIEsOx ¢- <5 =e ee eee 2340 / Rhinoptera......--- iain eee ee 90 athING ¢< = 2 Sane eeaee Sete eee =e 58 | bonasns ..--.--.---.---- 90 TeRsCh Nhe mere gee ores 5S oe oe 59 ensenad® ...<. 22a 4eeeseee 91 MOL Eee ae eee he es ee 72 | quadriloba .--..- See 90 Raja: 22.06 ee epee 72 | steindachneri........--- 91 Bhmeloridaria... .4--e =p eee 156, 157, 158 vespertilio .......-..--- 90 Rhinesomws < --e =... ~~ ew pe eee 1721, 1722 | Rhinopterine ...--------------7.--. 88, 2753 rhinichthyoides, Tigoma..---.----- 312 | Rhinoscion.....--.-.----+---2-2-s-s=- 1455 Rhinichthys -.-.--.----- een meee 305 _ , Satins | -<-- 29 oeseees 1457 ATONAtUS-..~5-- 22 ---- 308 | Rhinoscopelus -.-.......------------ 568 atronasus. ..----.....- 307 andre®,...5.-ceawene 569 croceus..-.-- 308 COCCOL - =<. 222 ceree=« 568 lunatus.-.--- 308 | Talus 256340008 ae = 569 meleagris--. 308 | Rhinoseymnus ..-.----+++++-+-+-+-- 56 Index. Page. BhiMowrinCls sar. reece ees 30 henlet=a2se-etse-e se sce 31 rhizophore, Fundulus ..--...-...--- 644 rhodochloris, Sebastichthys - ------- 1810 Sebastodes ..:....---- 1809 rhodopus, Trachinotus ...-...---.--- 941, 943 rhodorus, Ascelichthys .....--..--- 2025 | rhodospilus, Gobiesox...--..------- 2335 rhodoterum, Ditrema .....---.----- 1503 rhodoterus, Holconotus -...---.---- 1502 Rhodymenichthys -.--..--.--- 2414, 2415, 2416 ruberrimus ..--. 2417 rhomalea, Gnathypops --.---------- 2285 rhomaleus, Opisthognathus ..-.---. 2285 Cals ao eon es 233 EHOMpeuS, Gerres'.----=-'----------- 1374 PenOMHOENITUS 5.--------+--cee---~- 2273 USteCOGNIE o242-- <6 = 2273 Rhomboganoidea.....-------------- 108 rhomboidalis, Lebias-..-----.--.---- 672 Otolithas.-.=-< -- 22. 1404 Turduss2--:5 25-62% 1691 rhomboides, Acanthinion .......-..- 942 Chrtedon.2-25- =: : = 942, 2848 SeeDinlodus.-csse.s-882-: 1358 HSS P OC ON eee ee il= Ia ss 1358 Ryne Dieta ee ae ee 1358 SPAbES soo. 2-2-2 1358 Trachinotus -.--.-..-.--. 2847 Trachynotus.-......-.- 942 RWoampowmiehth ys, <2... <-5-4-.--- =: 2661 ellipticus:.-....-. 2665 leopardinus ------ 2666 IuMatuss. <5. 22: 2666 lunulatus.....-.-. 2666 | maculiferus ...-.. 2665 ocellatus-.....--- 2664 5 Spinosus..-...-<. 2663 enone plites:< 22-625. .sassc5-5:. 1276 aurorubens .-.....-. 1277, 1272 Hlefans 7 -sse ss Sas 1278 hombewaese=.- .ftese 3224222428042 2: 168 Wado; Sargoits 2256 32-2 5)> 3252253550 227 Perea - .2 22.233 5553 eee 1154 | robustum, Moxostoma ..........--- 193 robustus, Benthocometes-........_. 2514 Clypeocottus .--..<.....-- 1938 E:XoC@tus ...230s2dascesee 736 Fundulus::-2.34 644 Hippoglossoides........-. 2616 Tetalurns: 122 22cuee eee 135 Lenciscusis2. ata eee 228 Mylopharodon ..-.......-- 219 Neobythites....--..5.2... 2515 Ptychostomus.......--.-- 193 ROCCUS .. . - 2.35 427502 See 1131, 1132 ChIYSOPS -..2 250222 s=2 eee 1132 COMECS -.5 .. 55... 4255 eee 1407 lineatus ...22.2:¢2sseeeee 1113, 1132 Saxatilis, 2/222: -5.beecesseee 1133 striatus |..-.-25:-5s,ceusu se 1133 | rocheanus, Thynnus -...-........... 868 | rochei, :Auxis)--22- 3205255 eee 868 Scomber - <2 = -3.2320-5=e see 867 ROCK «2c ow sa den ooo eee = 1132 Babs .s.-! 25 -cee eet eee eee 989, 1197 Common iivs22 essen eee 990 | Beauty .< 2220 sone esse ee eee 1684 Cook... ...-5- A{322eteeeeeee 1575, 1576 Hind 2.2...) -2sse Soke See 1152 Salmon. .52 == .<22225+ 22-0 nes 905 Sea Bass: 5. --322t.e eae 1201 Shellfish 3. 22.225 2teeeeseeee 1722 Sturgeon 220-22 --2-ceee eee 106 Trout .---=.s-ssseeee9 1866, 1867, 1872 Rociish <.2--S-s-ee-eoe 639, 1026, 1132, 1172 Black... 5sh.i32s502 cee eee 1784 Black and yellow .--..+.-- 1825 Black-banded....--..-.... 1827 Browils= s242-5 seve ee 1817 Flesh-colored.--.....------ 1824 Grass =3<-8 3235-4 eee 1819 Orange? 22222 see ses 1793 Perta..-. «s+ 2a 1133 Red. is 32 ss. 1805 Spotted < <--a2.5 ope eeeeee 1806 Yellow-backed -....-----. 1822 Yellow-spotted ........-.. 1826 Vellow-tail.-: Soa 25. eeeene 1781 |; Rock-fishes22---=--2e- a2 oee ee 1758, 1765 | Rocklings, Four-Bearded .-...-...-. 2560 ) Three-Bearded ......-.- 2557 Rocky Mountain Bullhead ........- 1949 Trout 2-32.25 487 Whitefish .....->- 463 rodo, Pristipoma.:<=.2..2s.sss9men= 1323 Index. 3087 Page. Page. RNR HOIOER: (ota eee eae a cece cmimaricios 338 | rose, Hemirhamphus ...........--- 722 guatemalensis ..----.---- 338 Hyporhamphus ......-...----- 721 Taig Sa Gee pooeccpaorecsrec so 421 Avge Lelie mia yhSgeEn Sesser ee = 2835 Sa see csameemane sania 422 | rosarium, Acipenser ..---.....---.- 106 ‘rogersi, Urolophus ..----..------- 2752,2753 | Rose-back Parrot .-.--.------------ 1635 Roller, Stone .......---------------- 181, 204 | Rose-fish .-.....-.---.----+--------- 1760 lens SAMO a= cae xs ase -/nisoe el T8357 84) OSC-HBNES sna sesiet sem clelei= J= a ate 1760 I NGI) eno aoe Sun dO SRE bee ae SESeoSe 900 | roseipinnis, Notropis....-.-..------ 298 Tha Vin ihn Se ae eB EBSSee Beoeerr Soe 1461 | roseus, Blennius ..-....-.--.- ie AS 2420 ISGine a yO Spe eoccoese eeeoeeecenae 1457 Centronotus. ..---.-..-.--:- 2420 TFG eee paesneeeceeeoes 1460 Cryptotomus...........-.-- 1626 ein] ye Be oo peseec ooo 1301, 1313 | Gunnelopss--- 4-45 cc e-5 = 609 PROG UBMs ie «cas coe acces === wee 2287 DI GTOB este scx mae soos) 1523 ROUGE sees on aa ne ee a= = 3 2289 | Heterostichus ..-..-----. 2351 Te phi eee Bee 2289 Holocentrus ...-....-.--- 849 rosacea, Mycteroperca...-.-.-----.- 1184 ORAS =o. <.5 sp eeeeae 2727 rosaceus, Cymatogaster .-----.----- 1500 Notacanthus-......--.--.-. 617 Epinephelus .-----.--..--- 1184 SEY C16 ee oe 2555 i Lt roel eee eee onsone 1267 Pseeqcdoescarua..-p.---2- << 1659 Meésoprion=—-.-------..-.=- 1267 SCarusi). - see. eee nee 1658 Micrometrus -.----..----- 1500 Sphagebranchus....----- 373 Para parisone == ~----= - = - 2142 iC) DER ese ee eee ae 49 Sie GCE eR See eene Re oere 1794 Tetredons.--e-.c=bee-=— = 1742 Sebastodes;---=..--...2<.-- 1808 OTS 5 eg eee ete 936 PVISOULOPIS s-2sec manson 1184 | rostro, Labrus reflexo ...-....-.---- 1677 AReMPIUS =— a. n= aga 1500 | rotengulus, Leuciscus.....--.------ 221 FOS Clevelandia), ~~. ---s20azcases 2255 | rotheus, Leucosomus..-.-------.--- 222 3088 Index. : Page. Page. rothrocki, Notogrammus..........- 2440'|. Rubio Volador 222.0282 Bscaen cece 2164 Porocinus 225-2. =.= 2434 | rubra, Liopropoma ...--.----------- 1137 Toismia;, Mola S222: 2aess- 2 2a-- ee 1754 | 2 Scisona' :7242-5422. 222s eee 849 Round Bass 2222 0226 eee 988 rubricroceius, Hybopsis ..----.----- 286 Herring -25s2t25se0ics- =e 2202 420 Hydrophlox.--2-22-=- 286 PAM Pano < eee sece fs eee saee 941 Minnins 222522 0esenee 286 Robin 0 42 asssseoosseeeee 907 Nottopis'<2.se-e eer ne 286 Sting Rays:.25222c.-- s22st- 79 rubrifrons, Alburnellus -----.------ 295 SRMSh = toeee eee epee 988 | Alburnns: <= 30 sasseaee 295 Watensh: access teres 465 Ceratichthys ---2--2--.. 320 found tails. Sic force ew eee 227 Fandulus)22 2225-2222 653 rousseau, Siphostoma ..---..---.--- 767 Hybopsis2.2 22-6. -seseee 320 Syngnathus .-.-...--.---- 767 Leuciseus, --.-.-.2...-c2 295 Roweseties: 52 S52 2sss2 see see nee 22 Minnilue. - 5.2. 2- sees 295 ROVGULO Pees pence nema e ene eeens 879 | Nocomis<¢ 222i ceaaeeene 320 Rovetus temminkii ---:-.-..---.-.-- 880 | Notropis - 2: Ssoe.-veseee 295 rubella, Scienasas.s--seecoee eer ae 1418 Zygonectes ....-..----. 654, 2829 rubellus, Alburnus...-.------------- 293 | rabripinna, Cliola)l22 222222. se-eeeee 281 ‘Leuciseus': 5222-2. tee=ns 293 Cyprinella =~ sees 281 WHnaaB oss noes 293 | rubripinne, Sparisoma .........-..- 1640 rubens, Centropomus ---...-.------ 1107 | rubripinnis, Argyreus -.....-...-.-- 282 Labrus tautoga......-..--- 1579 Minnilus -< 3-2-0 -eeseee 298 Wwripiatoistcccsoenan eee 2177 Searas: 2222) Saseedees 1640 TUPEY, A POLO. 4 a2 2 -eceeics coe tamed 1107 | rubrirostris, Catetyx.---.-.-<--2-- 2505 Z (Bodtaiys 228262 sc2s5 cence oes 1265 | rubrivinctus, Sebastichthys .-.-.-- 1817 frilivyaiet ce seer aon 1146 | Sebastodes......---.- 1817 Caranx : :22522222<22--2-s 25:5 919 rubropunctatus, Salarias .......--.- 2396 Corerzonus?------2----- =e 538 Seartichthys .-.--. 2396 Wiptered pw: 202-52 eee eae 1107 | rubrum, Chorististium ..-.---..-.-- 1136 Epinephelns) 52322232252 e-c.8e 1181.) Rudder-fish 2--2-- 22-222 --ese=eeen 902, 1387 Gadag ee sos ses tase ee 2530 | Rudder-fishes -.....----..----- 962, 964, 1380 Gymnocephalus...-..---...-- 1146 | radis, Abudéfduf 2222s-- 22sec sass 1563 Mycteroperts'::22:-/-.--222- 1180 Glyphidoden! 3222 2329e2-- 468 1563 Riis oss2 sats oe ee ee 300. | rufa, Harpe -~. c026: cco aoe eee 1583 Scombers: =52.soeee ssee eno 919 Mor0ne -25 522022 see see eee 1135 Pebastes’soss65552 55. sees 1818 POTrea.2 352 sac csnceene- ee eee 849 sebastodes > 2) 2522.2o4s0eees5 1806 | Raffa; Blacks. 2-2 .J-ceseese see eee 962, 963 SOlIranus S22 23 esses 1181 | rnfilineatum, Etheostoma ........-- 1079 ruberrima, Mycteroperca olfax..-.-. 1183 rufilineatus, Nothonotus ..-..----~- 1079 ruberrimus, Gunnellus.-...--...---- 2417 Pocilichthys_--~---~-. 1079 PhOMSS. 250 -eiecee eee 2417 ~rufipinnis, Exoceetus ......-.-..---- 735 Rhodymenichthys..- --. 2417 Exonautes:-- 2.2.0. sce- 2836 Sebastodes ......... 1805,1806 rufolineatum, Etheostoma........-. 1079 rubescens, Coner:-..:...--.-.------ 355 | rufus,. Balistes’: 2222. -2o2e eee 1707 Exocwetns?2:2s-62.-e-c= 734 | Bodianus: . = 2.2.2. ~ eee 1135, 1583 Hypsinotus:: -.-=2-::--- 1665 Centropristes ---.-22-. eens 1199 Steinegeria -..-.......-. 961 | Cossyphus'! 2. - 2. cee ee 1583 rubicauda, Pomotus....-.-.-..-...- 1001 | Holocentrus ascensionis .--. 849 rubicunds; “Farmacia ee 1565 | Labrax:--5..+--s«sseeeeeeiee 1135 rubicundus, Acipenser..----...---- 106 | Labrus)s=< 35-2 2e see ee 1583 Glyphisodon ....-..-.. 1565 | On08) 522222. .cen ae eee eee 2559 Hypsypops.......... 1564, 1565 Sebastodes'---..-- .-<.--Useee 1786 Pomacentrus......-.-. 1565 | rugifer, Ophichthus................ 384 rubiginosus, Gobiesox ..........--. 2337' | rugispinis, Arius. -<< "°°. ccs 130 DICVASES*. 2 aoteame tee 2337 Galeichthys ..-2.-22coa 2781 rabio, Prionotues2: 25827-2245 eee 2164 | Hexanematichthys ..-.-- 130 Page. rugispinis, Tachisurus...-....-.--- 130 phrygiatus- 131 rugosus, Platichthys -..-.----.--.-. 2652 MOMs eet co. hs a2 aoe eee 898, 906. 921 PUDITEELLAREP eee eet ioe Seln Sere ca ee oe 2377 A7ZBIGR See eo meeten ee 2377 US(UnFIE) Dio ae Sea ee a Gap eee 2346 | rupertianus, Acipenser...-.---.---- 106 rupestre, Etheostoma.....--.---.--- 1073 eXaphithion is. 6-2 bee 2426 rupestris, Ambloplites ........-.--- 990 cavifrons - -. 990 ATPACIOSA. --'25 25. ce~ se 2341 BOCIANUS 232-522 -bs-~- 990 Coryphienoides.....-.--. 2579 Gadus asos2 ie cease lee. 2541 CR ODIGSOX 5 555--s2556—-555- 2341 Maerourus?. 222-2252, 2582 NERO UT OO scones 5 Seb 2579 Sebastichthys ...-.....-.. 1813 Sebastodes ...........-.. 1812 SOEFAMIUS! =< 2\\.55.<555--55 1174 ROVERS ae cess 52 2341 apwrdion 222 sSa6desc22 2426 eMPRCATUOS a= SF 1san +2 . (2-2) de aae ces tateee aoe 2249 Sacramento Cab < 4. Js. bece es os own asl= 140 Chah.cs.:2s2-setevets 231 Peres eee 479 BULBS s sons sesnseee oe tet 1386 distichns 2225. s2--44- eee 487 RAITONAACUS) =~ - 2s an eeeee ce = 505 gorbuscha,,. --=--- eee eee ee 508 StONGINS =. ssa aromas 503 brevicauda \.--2--se-e sere ee 493 japonensis......5.2esseehesee 479 Calfaris':22 2.2 ..checseneepen. 508 kennerly1..: 23 -.2assees0eeuee 483 CaMmpb6llic--25-c-eoeeeeeree 508 keta. vel kayko.. ....sittesuee 479 Canadensis 2 -5-- 322s eee amer 507 killinensis. .o..422-9.23-.55 509 Ganis Viet bn eee 479 | kisutch=:=: .: setae 481 carbonarius ..-..-.---------- 509 | khundscha: -.. 2-222 2823 CATINAONS )~ seen ear ee seee 493 | levigatus ..<2-2-seuesseeeee 508 Glande nese soo eee seen 492, 2819 | lagocephalus ..-.---.. 252-626 479 POWVION -e--ee aes eee 2819 lavaretus muchsun .......... 464 SADA -eee eo eemeenne 2819 loeucomenis.....-o. s4e seen 2823 henshawi....-- Sepecse 2819 lordii <:2.. ea Ae ae 483 IN ANAC ONSH @ oh o8'o-e oes 505 PEGA coe scion coke sae & 509, 510 | Quammnai= os- 3-2-5 -nee eee 474, 479 TE ORASIS face oarcns kn oacsa-- = 500 | RO Gis aan orn eats 905 MEE A oe oe Sa ease 510 Sacramento .....-...---..-- 479 TOGILON es Satan Saee seek 509 SA OME wanes seems eae 481 Ral re eemeitc Cock oe enna 486 | SRC GE eaters ee eee nes 480 ouananiche .-.-......-- 487 dg Te 497, 2818 TEL a eet eee 487 of bn a SA eee 479 salmarinus @ 5:2 s2c0--2se--- <2 509 White, of the Colorado ....- 225 We lvelmiseas pass ea ceseek 5090 |. salmonea, Ericaria s.- =< 520 -.5-5<- = 2816 sanguinolentus........-.-.-- 481 Tees ee eee 1011 SRHVOS eee kane ease 537 A Soot ie ae ee ee 1021 RCOUIGEDI<2on6 on minesnebexae=ei A778: 491. | ‘Salmonete: os s.-cnncene peace wonee 858 3092 Index. Page. Salmonete Amarilla...-...-..--.--- 859 salmoneus, Chanos .-.....---------- 415 BLT, Ci es ee ae 538, 627, 629 Muagil nce fo ccsctpessece 415 Scombrocottus-.-.------- 1862 Salmonids-.:2 s222-+--5==2esecoe-ea= 460 Salmonidea. s2cce te ==-5= == au e ee 408 Salmons (ys. certo aces eee 461 SalMOperch<- 22 -e-2-e ene ee asses eee 783 pellucidal=}). 2-22.22 784 Salmopercs.<2-2.se2o1-2k=sc2 eee 780, 782 | Salpa purpurescens variegata..----- 1271 saltans, Chorinemus:- +. 5.--2>-.5-5 899 saltator, Pomatomus -.-----.------- 947 Scomberoides -...--.------ 899 Temnodon = s-2 —3:e essere a 947 saltatrix, Gasterosteus --.-.--------- 947 Perea: 22285 ' accor e ee 947, 1388 Pomatomus:=--2--ees-see5 946 saludana,; Cliol9\¢2522<22--s22ase5e=" 270 saludanus, Alburnops.-----.------- 270 | Notropis hudsonius.---- 270 Saivelini + ss22)o- 225 Seas Ae eee 506 PalVelLINUs +23 {222 5555223.552552505 aes 506 Slpinws>-y.2-2 2532-2 -- 508, 2822 alipes* =----~=-- 509 arcturus -.-...- 510 aureolus..-- 4... 511 stagnalis ..---.- 510 baindii- s2--esisc tosis 508 fontinglid'= <-2.-2.2.-25-- 506 agassizil..-.--- 507 EMIMOSCUR SH 2 ee eee 2822 PANN ~ == 2 == ae Sasa son 507, 2823 namaycush ...-+--5---26 505 siscowet ---. 505 MAFES1 === 2c a225'52t ce ee 515 NitiMuUs:-2<<- 52 eee eee 509 OQUSRSS= == oe ease eae =e 514, 515 marstonl ------ 515, 2823 MATES == =.= J2=6 515 PATEGI to -rcece ee. ee 2823 TOSS; ape esese eee 510 spectabilis’--2 2.222... 508 stagmahiss.-2-ore tsar 509 | salvelinus, Salmo ...--.---2-------- 509 salvini, Cotylopus- ---..----.--...-. 2208 Herasetseee see reenter oee 1528 | Pimelodus 5. =<)-22+2=242--- 152 | Rhames. > e-store 152 SOIC ERIRIIIE fa a noes aoe 2208 Sieyopterus:-25 25 4-n-see eas 2208 San Diego S0lees--2 one eae 2707 San ‘Pedro, Wist'2-5. +. 25 ae 954 sanctz crucis, Pseudoscarus ......- 1651 SCsrus i. tn eee 1651 Page. sanctze-helenw, Caranx..........-..- 908 Decapterus -. - 2.25. 908 Gymnothorax.....-. 397 Lycodontis .....-.. 397 Mureiia'.;..> spas 397 sancte-luciz, Corvula. .-_...-=---<.- 1429 sancte-marthx, Vomer..........-.. 934 sancte-petri, Vomer ..2---ss:neeaee 934 sancta-rose, Ulvicola......--:-...- 2413 sancti-laurentii, Engyophrys.--.--.- 2668 sancti-pauli, Holocentrus .-..--..-- 853 | Sand Dabi -.-s. 5<-5-.--=ee 427, 428 | sapidissimnus, Coregonus. ..-.------ 466 Sapulst cs te cc eee 2314, 2315, 2316, 2321 IBagre--2. 2 5-6 eee ee 2319 saponaceus, Anthias ..-...-------.- 1232 Rhy pticus. --. 2s. sece. 1232 Rypticus -=5-=-------=- 1232 sara, Cybiuin.. 52. ..22- Spee eee 877 garagus, Lepodus.--=---=--5--ssseee 960 Saranus apiarins:-.2.52 0-2 -os-eee= 1142 |. Sarcbirus, |: <2 54<2.2262 eee eee 109 - argenteus..-...----.---..- 110 vittatts, 23-52-4256 22 eee 110 Sarcidium: -22.2.25-----sseeeo eee 302 scopiferumiss.s--ss ease 303 Sarcing. .-2.- =<. sei. see eee ; 887 Sarcuré ssc: 428 RPE te on cece ate aa aie 422 ue ere ge Se Oe 422 SITE G0 Or eee 2716 SISO) i Dap OS Rea egepoc sean eae sees 1363 ESL os te an aiwaet sah ei ame 1321, 1361 sargoides, Chetodon ......-..---- by. Sopot ee 1495 AVIAtMA = stood. 1496 | CUR: ae ORR Be Bode SOSbge oer 1362 | WAAR SIN hon re Soeeee eo tees S 1346 | SRSONLGUS\~~=-ccssncsu sven s 1363 SEENON reso = oe oe o's aoe 1362 CARIOUS Soe socae ae Seae = 1360 | Gandimaculsy..ss52.----2-.- 1363 flavolineatus .....--....-.-- 1360 | NeIDTOORIE. 223 ah aen sacks 1363 | humeri-maculatus --.--..--- 1360 UE 0 Si BAe ee eet ee 1361 | nihthea | COV eee egeieser soon 1360 TTA) = See es 1364 THOMPOISS, == <2<55 5535-5. 1358 | THMMOLA Uo 6 2S wes Soe te 1364 PAGO aaao os tse c eS ae 1364 BMMACRIBLOS /> == 52552555. -- 1360 Varlegatus .------.-.--..--- 1364 WAI Ere aoc e ei = nial =ie 1364 sargus, Diplodus'..-.-------.---..-- 1363 | SHR Eee ee eee cea = 1364 Sarennrodunessusss--s6> sees oeeae ae 1672 amplexicollis....---..- 1674 MUMIA <5 oo tee cee 1676 Page. Sarothrodus capistratus.........-.- 1678 maculocinctus ........ 1674 Nnigrirostris ..<.....-... 1674 sedentarius --......... 1675 SEPIBUUS oes 5 Sao ts s,s 1677 PATTION “ee eoeetc ass asc eweas ae awe aa 2072 ATONACUS) soos-~ossee seat 2073 leptorhyncus...........-:. 2075 Sarritor, Prionotms ---.2.--css.s---> 2169 Satanoperca sac-sen<,0<--%s<5-055-- = 1542 orassilabris's2.5 =<. c-->- = 1542 satiricus, Neoclinus.........-..--:. - 2355 SatOrMa, NCsNaeac sc. --ecee net se 1456 saturnus, Amblodon ............... 1456 Ribinoscionsso.¢5 ssocense= 1457 Saucer-eye Porgy: -.2s---=-.-=------ 1349 SAU OOP. 5 225 ta eet es antes Soca dees 1022 Haug W Litelighs ... sso = 360 Saree see ane ae ee = een a alos 889 Saw-belly. ...22--.-<------=--200---- 426 Sawiish, Common .....-.-02....------ 60 3094 Index. Page. DAWEKWCY conc sss ercsseases eo eee 479 Saw-qui Salmon! <<. 5-2-2. 2 2-2 eee ee 481 saxatilis, Abudefduf --..--........- 1561 Chtodon.:- 525222. 2-2 556 1562 | Glyphidodon ..-..--.....- 1562 Gymnothorax ocellatus -. 399 JONNIGS 3-=cotscek ses ee 1475 Lycodontis ocellatus ..... 399 Menticirrhus......-..---- 1475 IPSLCA vs ven nee oe oe 1133 PIAtESSa.e- Sas asses ee es 2657 Pocilichthys-.---------=- 1048 RROCeNS tt tat eeheee eee k 1133 saxicola, Pleuronectes ....-....----- 2657 Sebastichthys:-....--.----- 1799 Sebastedds=.22.=22-~.--.-- 1798 Ba ASV AUB e oon. ccexecosnencesenen 86 PRATR om ton ctec oat ac ca eee eee 86 sayanus, Aphredoderus .....-.-..-- 786 NCDLODSISE a= se mee eecreieee es 787 Say]; Dasibaiis’ 1.2 secon soceee sees 86 | Moyligbatis -.2-- -tiscesece--see 86 EP COs. cass Sane s tose reer 86 SSIES Sate ae ra cn oilers cine Seema itera ee 725 BIMBO tans soos aromas ee ss see 725 lnianis > 2: 32 se sce se eece see 72 TVOCULVITOSELIS sc seme oe enisieee 725 ROLLAGRS Sardines sss-eneca- 2-52 one ene 428 Scaly-tins' = -<---een ate ee 1665 CHIMP: (25 -tcceeuee sense ee ee 1184, 1185 Scaphirhynchops platyrrhypchus. . 107 Scaphirhynchus.--------=---.-25... 107 cataphractus ..---- 107 platorynchus...... 107 platyrhyrchus .--. 107 rafinesquei ..-..--. 107 scaphiurus, Opisthognathus ....... 2282 scaphopsis, Ceelorhynchus -.--....- 2590 Macrurus (Ce@élorhyu- CUES) 20. seo eas 2591 Scaphyrhynchops.......-.----. Soe 107 scapulare, Pristipoma..----.--..-.. 1321 coat Page. scapularis, Anisotremus ...-....... 1320 Tylosurus--=. 658s 71 |'Soaridws 22.5.2... 1572, 1620 Scaring <<< <-.).<-4.: <2 tae eee 1621 Scartella, .2-+ 5-2... 220s eee 2384 Microstomg-----sn-eese eee 2384 Scartes.4..s25- 27s - Jase eee 2395 | scartes, Fundulus.---......---2._- 654 Scartichthys+..-- 2: -:--2 ese eeeeee 2395 rubropunctatus ...--- 2396 Scands).2-= nv eeeeeee 1627, 1642, 1643, 1645 abildgaardi .-=-2--25- sees 1635 aACUutOS |S. . 2225. ee eee 1652 alternans .--).2 5 sos eee 1651 antplus: :-- 22-2. c2sseeeeenee 1635 aracangas.s.- ses sae 1642, 1647, 1648 atomarius.....~ sc2= sees nee 1631 aureoruber: -..- 22h eee 1635 | aurofrenatus. --..-2---...<-- 1634 bolimani....-.2-===oe eee 1646 brachialigS.>::2 223322 1641 cs rileus. 3. 221222 1652, 1654 catesbeei..-.-+ 3. - oe eee 1638 catesby --..'-: 22s seaeeee oe 1638 chloris: .2 1:2 id-22-2 seeeeee 1637, 1646 chrysopterus ~.--222>-hee es 1637 circumnotatus® =: --2e2 sees 1641 coccineus 2.22.24 seme eee 1635 colestinus:-:cs<-. tie eeeee 1656 Croicensis:..2 «.. sce. 8 > oe eee 1650 cnzamil~=.¢. {e2s aeons eee 1648 diadema:./~22-_ ee =e 1646 distinctus: ¢-22222teeeeeeeaee 1636 emarginatum ..........-:... 1641 emblematicus':..2oo:¢2226ee5 1654 / erythrinoides)..- 2:ossscmeace 1635 evermanni 2.25 eee eee 1651 flaveseens-----e-- =r ee== sae 1640 flavomarginatus ......-..--. 1652 frondosus.-':. 2 S-2acee eee 1636, 1642 gnathodus -222.4.ccee= sees 1650 guacamaia:..> 2 2s2s2- eee 1656, 1658 holocyaneos. .--.-. =---2is=: 1654 hoplomystax.--:-22-22-2222- 1633 huineralis.....-252292sessees 1641 insulw-sancte-crucis ....-.- 1651 lacrimosus: ....2s2s-eeeee see 1632 / lateralis .....2.02che Qeeeepeeee 1637 | 1OTO .... «22-5 25- 70 eee 1654 | maschalespilos. -...--.-<.-.- 1642 | melanotis)......245- See 1638 miniofrenatus --.2.2.3es22ce 1634 | . muchalis.......cse-ee= eee 1654 | obtusus:....-. 10... .-o eee 1654 oxy bracbils' <-223..e=ee=eees 1635 | Perrico: ...-tasscuee awe ee 1659 Index, 3095 Page. | Page. Searue pleianus <2--.-ts.- arm 1718 opercularis..........-.----- 1461 Ceratacanthus.-...-..--.-- 2860 OPMIOSGOM ~>.72---2e—- ee 1324 | bISUS- 2 =.=+-- 5. eee 867 punetata 2.2: /22se eee ~ ses 1434 Cara Pls: <.- (sone 920 TONGHHA SU =e Cec oont ec ee 1436 chiloris {22 22 22625—-eeee eee 938 TR PSUS ssas2doc See eee 1418 ChryS00ns) «---44--—=-eeeee 938 POCA sou ors assets eee 849 colias:..42.22--2 sae 866, 2843 saburnars: S222 tears. cee 1456 crumenophthalmus -..---- 911 HOIOTA S22 ose s aoa ne eee 1452 CTYS80S ~~ 22-2 essen eee 921 squamosissimus.....--..--- 1418 | dekayi~:2222 22-302 867 Stellafer->ceercec ee. ewes: 1444 Centex. 2: . as-is eee 927 (Stelliferus) stellifer -....-- 1443 diego (2 °= =. 2 -< see eee 867 SuTIMAMeNIBIS ?sos5-5---<2255 1420 fasciatus: =... =. seo eee 904 by pita 2oss 52 Sse ee as neaae 1448 filamentosus ....--.--.---- 932 undecimalis ..........--.--. 1119 germo..------ =p == senses 871 vermicularis .........--.- 1452, 1453 gracilis - 2.2 ceesae-reeeee 867 Kanriharis; sects ee 1459 BLOX =< - 4-2 ee 867 Seip ways 22255 cscs oe Ueebeeseee ne 1392 GUAala <-2--.- cece 927 SCLMIGDPS S532 25 2-2 soascsoeeeeeee = 1453 | GUNNETI =; -.2 sues eeauee _ 955 ocellatus, 5323: -58)2 4-7 2- 1453 heberi:2.5.-2-2-56- eee 923 stiera, Scisna: 2s: <3: sssess25--25- 1452 | Hippos’. 22a. see eee 908, 920 scierum, Etheostoma.--.-...--...-....- 1038 kelreuteri ..... 3225223255 900 scierus, Hadropterus--.---.--.-..---- 1037 lacertus....25--<.-s-5.eseee 867 serrula..-.... 1038 | latns:....¢. 2-22 5eeeeeeee 938 Oplioscion? ase eee 1452 | macropthalmus ..---..---- 867 Gt OHA cece. ee dee eee 1180 | maculatus: :-.2s5-cecessete 867, 874 scirenga, Mycteroperca .....-...-.. 1181 | mediterraneus .......----- 872 scituliceps, Synedus .--.........--- 537, 2826 | Niger-< -.2a.~ 2.5 see 948 scitulus, Prionotus ...-...--..-..-- 2157 | pelagicns e--2e se. eee 952 sciurus, Diplectrum..-...-.--.-.--- 1204 pelamides... -. Wes. eee 869 Haemulon_- =~ <--~--hen se 1303 pelamis's -23se- o.oo sear 869 OLAS weseesssecee esas 1204 pelauntas ss 22a eee ee 872 ots Us Yeas Saye 5 1304 pelamys. .~-.<--ce seers 872 Sdlasninw 220.555 :2-p. seu sere ee 1394 plumieri,. i2-et Sees 911 Scleroderm] .........--.-.-i2v--=- 781, 1697 pneumatophorus --..--.--- “867 Seleropgnathus: --Wsosnos) eee eee 163 quadripunctatus.--.....-- 869 cyprinella..-..-.-... 164 Tégalis\-. =.= 32s-noeseeerose 875 elongatus ...--.-.-.. 169 Tim” s.¢.-+.-- bee eee 928 meridionalis -.....-. 164 rochel.....-steseseseee eee 867 WHS s2s—e2e= eee 165 ruber «2:-22552--eaeeedaneee 919 scofieldi, Stolephorus ....-......-.. 2814 saliens --.--..- soled ee see 899 Scclecosoniacs-s----. =e aseaateee ee 10 sardan-ecos eee t gah scabies 872 SPO ECUU UD) Ob ee Pepa ee ee Re 42 SQULUS: 2k: 66.22 eee 898 IONS UBIO Deo — nsec oe 42, 2748 SCOMprUs « =<. ssn eee 865 _ HOUEBHO VO oss eee 43 sloandi...: =. << pes adeno 870 scolopacea, Nemichthys...-....---- 369 SpeClosUS «Jeers eee 928 scolopaceus, Nemichthys..-.-......- 369 thazand:2..5.3h=eseeeeeee 867 scolopax, Balistes,--...<-<-s2cssusees 759 thymus 22626 ae 870 Centriscus ............-.- 759 trachayus.=. ese. sees eee 910 Macrorhamphosus ......- 759 undolatas. 2s 4seeeeeeee 867 Scolopsis sayanus...............--. 787 vernalis, 25 22.2-0ce:-eee . 866 BOGHIDOD, oSasae or seer eee eee 865 ZONALUS - 35 s6~ ee ee eee 902 adscensionis .............-. 927 | scomberius, sox .--_-.- secu 626 Matun ge —-va-1- ss aeselk 871.| Scomberodon..-....5 =: ..=.ssueeeeee 873 Albacores is. -t see se eee 870 | Scomberoides, saltator .......--.--- 899 alloteratal.- 22... 2220s. 869 Corypheena -.......- 953 aacensionis:....-t55. 5532. 925 | Scomberomorus --...-..s2-.2.2.... 873, 4843 ‘ | : : Index. 3097 Page Page. Scomberomorus caballa .....--.---- 875,876 | scopifer, Phenacobius ..........---- 303 concolor ......----. 873 | scopiferum, Sarcidium.............- 303 maculatus .-.- 874,875, 4843 | scopiferus, Phenacobius-.-..--..-.-. 303 plamieri- + s-5-3- 875 | scops, Gnathypops -.---.-.----..-.- 2283 POMMis: Sosssss- 5582 875 | Scorfanudi Funal......--.-----.---- 1837 HIOLEA ss ose = c's oe Sy PE ISC ys Taye Be cee Baro ceesece se eae ae 1839 Scempresocids)---—--45---< ss 32-226 724 SEPICMIA nee m= pases 2 ale 1833 iio NAGS he Be ee eee eee 725 @Zassizil-...------..... 1840, 2860 brevirostris -..-..-...- 726 americana ....-.... Chee 2023 MAMIPELY. yt 2-2 2 Gee 725 brasiliensis .............- 1842 equirostrum -.-.-.-....-- 726 JON Se eececanor lens 1849 FOSHODIO mse sssinne be ceces 726 CalCaPAba er os=ctnetee ss = 1854 mondeletd .<--.-55-5...- 726 CAPOUSIS esas =n == ene e 1833 BAUHUSIA eee ots - n-< sce 725 CANWOD accep emaubia sl nc sp eae 1856 scatellatum.......----. 726 Cia tiie! Sir Saar eceaes sae 1841 Bloreriee =. 25-22 sce 3222 5.505.226 5—502 478, 481 pseudocrocodilus......-... HS) GSeamr Wish. -.sce@ehasotee oe. ce cten 879 TARMESGMOL. - = -% 52. =. 234. 567 | scovelli, Etheostoma .-.......---..- 1082 eRe ae tet es sae ee 569 Siphostoma...........-.... 769 STOCROs PG ge paneee a Seee 575 | scripta, Alutera .......-..-..---.--- 1719 ONOTEM = te ees ce 577_| Beriphus, balistes——-—--..-25- 2222-22 1719 Scopiter; Notrbpis:-....-.-0..-...--. 291 Ceratacanthus ............ 2860 3030——117 3098 Page. scriptus, Gymnothorax....--...--.- 398 Monacanthus......--....- 1719 Pseudoscopelus..-.-.-.--- 2292 scrutator, Belone.--...----2:-2.2.-- 714 IREStHOS >