FOR THE PEOPLE FOR EDVCATION FOR SCIENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB OF CALIFORNIA Pacific Coast Avifauna s ■ No. 3 CHECK-LIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS JOSEPH GRINNELL SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA Published by the Club June 25, 1902 NOTE? Pacific Coast Avifauna No. 3 is the third of a series of publications issued by the Cooper Ornithological Club of California for the accommodation of papers meriting special consideration, or whose length prohibits their appearance in the official organ. The publications of the Cooper Ornithological Club consist of two series — The Condor, which is the bi-monthly official organ, and the Pacific Coast Avifauna. Both sets of publications are sent free to honorary members, and to active members in good standing. . CONTENTS. . . Page Map of Life Zones Facing 6 Map of Faunal Areas Facing 6 Preface 4-5 Explanation of Distribution Maps 6-7 Acknowledgements 8 Check-List of California Birds •. 9-74 Hypothetical List 75-79 Index 81 PREFACE. In compiling the present list, the author has tried to be reasonably conserv- ative as regards the admission of species in doubtful standing. In order to be worthy of a place on the State List an "accidental" must have been as a rule secured and preserved so that it can be re-identified whenever desirable. The more unusual and unexpected the alleged occurrence of a species, the better the evidence must be of such occurrence before it can be accepted as authentic. For the sake of convenience the sequence of the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List is followed. But the nomenclature has in several cases been remodeled according to the best of the author's own knowledge. It is held that actual geographical continuity in range accompanying corresponding intergrada- tion is the criterion for the application of trinomials. Hence nearly all insular and geographically isolated forms should be treated as species. "Slight degree of difiFerence" and "intergradation through individual variation" are criteria which can only lead to endless confusion. It would also seem advisable to use the bi- nomial in both cases until two forms are proven to be in geographical continuity. But this has not been undertaken here. "A binomial is preferable to a trinomial v/hen there is any good excuse for its adoption" (Ridgway). The author is heartily opposed as a rule to the further subdivision of genera, or the raising of subgenera to full generic rank. It is believed that a multiplicity of genera obscures the expression of relationship at least as much as it elucidates. vSubgenera are serviceable in discriminating smaller groups, and, as it is not com- mon to use such names in combination with specific and subspecific ones, they do not encumber every-day nomenclature as if of specific rank. The first number preceding the accepted name of each species (in heavy- faced type) is the running number of this list. Each subspecies as well as species is given a regular consecutive number; for example 97, 98, 99 and 100 for Branta cayiadensis canadensis, B. c. hutcldnsi, B. c. occidentalis and B. c. minima, not 97, 97 a, 97 b and 97 c, as would be the numeration according to the A. O. U. Check-List system. For a subspecies is believed to be just as "important" as a species. The second number (in parenthesis) is that of the same species on the A. O. U. Check-List. The "Synonyms" are all the other names besides the accepted one by which each species has been known in California literature; the synonyms, therefore, apply only to the species as occurring within this State. The Index contains both the accepted names and the synonyms, so that it should prove of service in the allocation of names used in the earlier published accounts of California birds. The "Status" is intended to give in a condensed sentence the range, compar- ative abundance and season of occurrence of the species in question. The range is usually expressed by Zones and Faunal Areas which are outlined in the accom- panying maps. This "Status," although drawn up with care, is intended chiefly for the younger student of California birds. The faunist and student of distrib- ution must verify the original records and plat each definite station for himself. Finally, honest criticism of this publication is earnestly requested, to the end that its many errors may come to light, and that more extended and definite in- formation may be forth-coming. The publication of a State List is not the goal of our study, but only a means for obtaining the greater knowledge of the future. EXPLANATION OF DISTRIBUTION MAPS. The accompanying maps are intended in the present connection only as aids in defining the ranges of our birds. Yet a few remarks as to the determination of the regions indicated may not be out of place. It has been found that the most important factor governing the distribution of plants and animals is temperature; and that the next most important factor, on land, is humidity. Regions of uniform conditions in these respects each possess characteristic assemblages of plants and animals, and many of these are so sensi- tive that they are not found beyond the realm of sucb conditions. Plants, espec- ially trees and shrubs, are most satisfactory indices of life areas because the indi- viduals are fixed throughout their lives in one place. But some birds even though capable of extended locomotion seem to be quite as sensitive, while many other birds of more hardy constitutions are also restricted to narrow limits because they are dependent on certain endemic plants for food. L,ife Zones are belts of uniform temperature (of the summer season, or season of growth in plants and reproduction in animals). P'aunal areas are regions of uniform humidity of the atmosphere (also of the summer season). Lines separat- ing two Zones are therefore theoretically isotherms, or lines connecting points of equal temperature; while lines separating Faunal Areas are isohumes, or lines con- necting points of equal humidity. As the direction and extent of Zones are obviously dependent in the main on latitude and altitude, and the extent of Faunal Areas depend on adjacency of bodies of water, the coast-Une running nearly north and south, it follows that Faunal Areas are subdivisions of Life Zones. It must be kept in mind that there is seldom an abrupt demarcation be- tween adjacent Zones on Faunal Areas. The lines approximately indicate the middle of the region of mergence between two such areas. The areas differentially colored on the maps have been outlined as accurately as the information at hand permitted; still the boundary lines must be considered mainly provisional until the State is carefully surveyed zoogeographically. The Life Zones of California have been distinguished as follows: C Alpine-Arctic Boreal -< Hudsonian (Canadian •j Transition AUSTRAL I J ^j^.gj. sonoran On the maps for reasons of convenience all of Boreal (including Alpine-Arc- tic, Hudsonian and Canadian) is colored green; Transition is colored blue; Upper Sonoran, yellow; and Lower Sonoran, red. The Faunal and Sub-faunal Areas here recognized may be classified as follows: BORKAI, fUAXSITlON Upfkk vSoxora.x LoWKK SOXOKAX LIFH ZOXKS OF CALIFORNIA I Isothf rniic Areas) NoKTHKKX Hr.Mii) Coast vSanta Ckiz vSan P'rancisco Bay vSan Joaoiix-vSacramknto vSlKRRA Nkvadax vSOUTHERX SlKRRAN Grkat Basix Colorado Desert Sax Diec.ax vSaxta Barbara Islaxd FAUNAL AREAvS OF CALIFORNIA (Isoliumic Areas) HUMID Coast Fauna -[ ^'''^}^''' ^li^'l^.^^fi.?!^ ^^^^"^^ (Grec?z) I Santa Cruz District {dotted) Caufornia' Fauna {Yellow) f San Joaquin-Sacramento Basin {plain) San Francisco Bay Region {obliquely lined) San Diegan District {vertically li^ied) Santa Barbara Islands {cross-marked) SiERRAN Fauna {Bhie) f Sierra Nevada {plain) [ Southern Sierras {dotted) A ^ T.,^^ ^ t? ,, . \ Ox^2X ^2iS\Xi {horizontally luted) Arid Interior Fauna ^ ^ , a t^ ^ r j., • ^ ( 7D J \ ( Colorado Desert {plain) Nomenclatural uniformity cannot here be attempted. The faunal names se- lected are those believed to carry the clearest ideas of the regions meant to the amateur student of California birds. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. During the past nine years the Cooper Ornithological Club, through the activ- ity of its members, has greatly extended our knowledge of the local distribution of bird-life in California. It is to the accurate records of these observers, as much as to all previous field work combined, that we owe the mass of data now avail- able. It is the author's wish that the present brief resume may serve as a recog- nition of this initial period of activity, and set it off from one of much greater accomplishment sure to follow, for our field is far from exhausted. In the compilation of this Check-I^ist which is the result of two years' work on the part of the author, he has sought information from every possible source. Aside from published writings, he has not hesitated to seek for information direct- ly from many persons. Invariably he has received cordial assistance wherever solicited. I have in particular to acknowledge valuable help from Robert Ridgway of the National Museum in comparing specimens and looking Up records. I am also indebted to Charles H. Gilbert of Stanford University for critical advice on points of nomenclature; to William R. Dudley and Walter K. Fisher of Stanford Univer- sity for information in regard to the extent of Life Zones and Faunal Areas, and to the latter also for looking up literature and comparing specimens in Washington; to Leverett M. Loomis for the privilege of examining specimens and books in his charge at the California Academy of Sciences; and to F. S. Daggett, C. Barlow, J. MaiUiard, W. O. Emerson, E. Heller, M. P, Anderson and other Cooper Club members for specimens and help in many waj'^s whenever asked. JOSEPH GRINNELL. Stanford University^ California, April 25, igo2. CHECK-LIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS. 1 (i) iEchmophorus occidentalis (I^awrence) Coues, Western Grebe. Syn. — Podiceps clarkii; Podiceps occidentalis; Aichtnophorus occidentalis clarkii. Status — Fairly common winter visitant coastwise and to the larger bodies of water throughout the State ; remains through the summer on the lakes of the northern Sierras (Eagle Lake) where it is known to breed. 2 (2) Colymbus holboelli (Reinhardt) Ridgway. HoLBoeLi. Grebe. Syn. — Podiceps cristatus; Podiceps cooperi. Status — Rare midwinter visitant along the seacoast south to Santa Barbara; San Fran- cisco Bay. 3 (3) Colymbus auritus Lrinnaeus. Horned Grebe. Syn. — Podiceps cornutus; Dytes auritus. Status — Rare midwinter visitant coastwise and on the larger lakes inland; recorded south to the Colorado River, Riverside and Santa Barbara. 4 (4) Colymbus californicus (Heerraann) Grinnell. American Eared Grebe. ^YS.— Podiceps californicus; Podiceps auritus var. californicus; Dytes auritus var. califor- nicus; Dytes yiigricollis californicus; Colymbus nigricollis californicus; Podicipes cali- fornicus; Colymbus nigricollis. Status — A common breeding species on many of the lakes of the interior, principally those of the Transition and Boreal Zones; in winter, generally distributed in favorable localities through the valleys; most abundant along the seacoast. 5 r6) Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus) Lawrence. Pied-billed Grebe. Syn. — Podylymbiis lineatus; Podilymbus carolinensis; Podilymbus podicipes. Status — Fairly common breeding species locally west of the Sierras: more generally dis- tributed during migration; comparatively few pass the entire winter in the southern part of the State coastwise. 6 (7) Gavia imber (Gunnerus) Allen. Common Loon, Syn. — Colymbus glacialis\ Colymbus tor quatus; Urinator immer; Urinator imber. Status — Fairly common winter visitant to the fresh water lakes of the interior; occas- ional along the seacoast; breeds on the Boreal lakes of the northern Sierras. lo PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 7 (10) Gavia paciflca (Lawrence) Allen. Pacific IvOon. Syn. — Colymbus pacificus; Colymbus arcticus \a.r. pacificus; Urinator pacificus. Status— Common winter visitant along the whole length of our coast; apparently con- fined to salt water. 8 (11) Gavia lumme (Gunnerus) Allen, Red-throated L,oon. S^tfi.— Colymbus septentrionalis; Urinator lumme. Status — Common winter visitant coastwise along the whole length of the State; con- fined chiefly to salt water. 9 (12) Lunda cirrhata (Pallas) Pallas. Tufted Puffin. Syn. — Mormon cirrhata; Fratercula cirrhata. Status— Breeds abundantly on the Farallone Islands, and in lesser number near Point Reyes, in Carmel Bay, on San Miguel Island and on Santa Barbara Island; not recorded south of the latter station; seems to be permanently resident on our coast, though more widely disseminated in winter. 10 (15) Cerorhinca monocerata (Pallas) Cassin. Rhinoceros Auklet. Syn. — Uria occidentalis; Cerorhina occidentalis ; Cerorhina suckleyi; Sagmatorrhina suckleyi; Cerorhyncha monocerata. Status — Fairly common winter visitant along our southern seacoast; said to have for- merly bred on the Farallone Islands. 11 (16) Ptychoramphus aleuticus (Pallas) Brandt. Cassin Auklet. Syn. — Mergulus cassini. Status— Permanent resident along the coast wftU out at sea; breeds abundantly on Santa Barbara and vSan Miguel Islands and on the Farallones. 12 (17) Cyclorrhynchus psittaculus (Pallas) Stejneger. Paroquet Auklet. Status — Known only from the record by L. M. Loomis of five specimens taken in Dec- ember and January on the ocean and bay in the vicinity of San Francisco. 13 (21) Synthliboramphus antiquus (Gmelin) Brandt. Ancient Murrelet. Status — Recorded only from the ocean and bay in the vicinity of Monterey in mid- winter. 14 (23) Brachyramphus marmoratus (Gmelin) Brandt. Marbled Murrelet. Status — Common winter visitant on the ocean coastwise south to San Diego. June, 1902. CHECK-LIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 11 15 (25) Brachyramphus hypoleucus Xantus. Xantus Murrblet. Syn. — Eudomychiira hypoleuca; Micruria hypoleuca. Status — Fairly common resident along the southern seacoast north to Monterey Bay; once found breeding on Santa Barbara Island. 16 (29) Cepphus columba Pallas. Pigeon Guillemot. Syn. — Uria columba. Status — Common resident along the seaboard, breeding at numerous points along the coastline and islands south to Santa Catalina Island; south of the latter point it has not so far been recorded at any season. 17 (30 a) Uria californica (Bryant) Dall. California Murre. Syx. — Uria troile; Uria ringvia; Uria lomvia; Uria brunnichi; Uria lotnvia var. califor- nica ; Catarractes californicus ; Uria lomvia arra ; Lomvia troile californica; Lomvia califortiica; Lomvia troile; Uria troile californica. Status — Permanent resident oflF the central and northern coast ; not yet recorded south of Santa Monica; breeds abundantl}' on the Farallone Islands. 18 (35) Megalestris skua (Brunnich) Ridgway. Skua. Syn. — Stercorarius catarractes ; Stercorarius skua; Buphagus skua. Status — Known only from a specimen recorded first by G. N. Lawrence, and still ex- tant, obtained "off the coast of California, near Monterey." 19 (36) Stercorarius pomarinus (Temminck) Vieillot. Pomarine Jaeger- Status — Ascertained by L. M. Loomis to be a common late summer and fall migrant along the coast off Monterey. 20 (37) Stercorarius parasiticus (Linnaeus) Schaffer. Parasitic Jaeger. Status — Common migrant coastwise ; and through the winter in smaller numbers along our southern coast. 21 (38) Stercorarius longicaudus Vieillot. Long-tailed Jaeger. Status — But one record, that by L. M. Loomis of an adult male secured off Monterey, August 2T„ 1894. 22 (40 aj Rissa pollicaris (Ridgway) Stejneger. Pacific Kittivvake. S VN. — Rissa kotzebuei; Rissa tridactyla kotzebuei; Rissa tridadyla pollicaris. Status — Rare winter visitant coastwise ; casual inland; recorded from San Francisco Bay, Nicasio, San Diego, Monterey and Paso Robles. 12 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 23 (42) Larus glaucus Brunnich. Glaucous Gull. Syn . — Larus hutchinsi. Status — Rare winter visitant coastwise ; recorded only from vSan Francisco Bay, the Far- allone Islands and Monterey Bay. 24 (44) Larus glaucescens Naumann. Glaucous-winged Gull. Status — Common winter visitant along our whole coast; especially numerous on San Francisco Bay. 25 (49) Larus occidentalis Audubon. Western Gull. Syn. — Larus argentatus var. occidentalis. Status — Abundant permanent resident coastwise, occasionally straying inland (Los An- geles, Sacramento River); breeds at many points on the coast and islands. 26 (51 a, 52) Larus argentatus Brunnich. Herring Gull. SvN. — Larus smithsonianus; Larus vegce; Larus cachinnans; Larus argentatus smithson- ianus. Status — Common winter visitant along our whole coast; occasional inland (Los Angeles). 27 (53) Larus californicus Lawrence. California Gull. Status — Commonly distributed in winter throughout the State, occurring on lakes and streams inland as well as along the seacoast; breeds on lakes east of the Sierras (Eagle Lake). 28 (54) Larus delawarensis Ord. Ring-billed Gull. Status — Fairly common winter visitant along the southern coast of the State north to San Francisco Bay; also in fall and winter on the larger lakes of the interior (Lake Tahoe; Owens Lake). 29 (55) Larus brachyrhynchus Richardson. Short-billed Gull. Syn. — Larus catius var. brachyrhynchus. Status — Common winter visitant along our whole seacoast. 30 (56) Larus canus Linnaeus. Mew Gul*l. Status — Fairly common winter visitant coastwise (San Francisco Ba}^ Monterey Bay and southward). June, 1902. CHECK-LIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 13 31 (57) Larus heermanni Cassin. Heermann Gull. SvN. — Blasipus heermanni; Blasipus belcheri. Status — Common but irregular resident along our whole coast, straggling up the Sacra- mento River; although occurring in greater or less numbers throughout the year, no breeding colony has been discovered north of Lower California. 32 (60) Larus Philadelphia (Ord) Gray. Bonaparte Gull. Syn. — Chroicocephaliis Philadelphia. Status — Common migrant coastwise; sparingl}' through the winter on the larger lakes inland as well as along the coast. 33 (62) Xema sabinei (Sabine) Leach. Sabine Gull. Syn. — Larus sabini. Status — Rare spring and fall migrant ; recorded only from San Francisco Bay, Monterey Bay and Mono Lake. 34 (64) Sterna caspia Pallas. Caspian Tern. Syn. — Sterna ischegrava; Hydroprogne caspia. Status — Rare winter visitant coastwise; recorded definitely only from Stockton, vSan Francisco and San Diego. 35 (65) Sterna maxima Bodd?ert. Royal Tern, Syn. — Sterna regia; Sterna cayanensis; Thalasseus regius. Status — Common coastwise at all seasons; not recorded north of San Francisco Bay; said to have been found breeding on San Miguel Island. 36 (66) Sterna elegans Gambel. Elegant Tern. SvN. — Thalasseus elegans; Sterna galericulata. Status — Fairly common fall and winter visitant coastwise north to San Francisco Bay. 37 (69) Sterna forsteri Nuttall. Forster Tern. Status — Common breeding species on the lakes in the interior (Lake Tahoe, Eagle and Elsinore Lakes); common migrant coastwise, and a few pass the winter in the south- ern coast district. 38 (71) Sterna paradisaea Brunnich. Arctic Tern. Syn. — Sterna pikei • Sterna tnacrura. Status — Rare migrant coastwise; definitely recorded only from Monterey Bay. 14 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 39 (74) Sterna antillarum (Lesson) Coues. Least Tern. Syn. — Sterna superciliaris var. antillarum. Status — Common summer visitant to the extreme southern seacoast ; breeds locally north to Ballona Beach, Los Angeles County. 40 (77) Hydrochelidon surinaraensis (Gmelin) Bonaparte. Black Tern. Syn. — Sterna nigra; Hydrochelidon nigra; Hydrochelidon fissipes; Hydrochelidon plumbea; Hydrochelidon lariformis; Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis. Status — Common summer visitant to fresh bodies of water inland; breeds at Eagle Lake, Lake Tahoe, Tulare Lake, lUsinore Lake, and San Jacinto Lake. 41 (Si) Diomedea nigripes Audubon. Black-footed Albatross. Syn. — Diotnedia fuliginosa; Phoebetria fuliginosa {?) Status — Common on the adjacent ocean through the entire year. 42 (82) Diomedea albatrus Pallas. Short-tailed Albatross. S\ a. —Diomedea brachyiira. Status — Fairly common on the ocean throughout the year. 43 (86 b) Fulmarus glupischa (Stejneger) vSalvin. Pacific Fulmar. Syn. — Fulmarus pacificus; Fulmarus glacialis; Fulmarus glacialis glupischa. Status — Common but irregular fall and winter visitant on the ocean. 44 (86.1) Fulmarus rodgersi Cassin. RoDGERS Fulmar. Syn. — Fulmarus glacialis rodgersi; Fulmarus glacialis columba. Status — Irregular fall and winter visitant on the ocean; recorded also from San Francisco Bay. 45 ( — ) Puffinus bulleri Salvin. BuLLER Shearwater. Status — Known only from the female specimen obtained by L. M. Loomis on Monterey Bay, November 6, 1896. 46 (91) Puffinus creatopus Coues. PiNK-FooTED Shearwater. Status— Common summer and fall visitant coastwise, though probably breeding in the southern hemisphere; not recorded north of San Francisco. June, 1902. CHECK-LIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 15 47 (93) Puffinus opisthomelas Coues. Black-vented Shearwater. Syn. — Puffinus gavia. Status — Common summer visitant on the ocean; said to have been found breeding on Santa Barbara Island, but this seems doubtful. 48 (95) Puffinus griseus (Graelin) Finsch. Dark-bodied Shearwater. Syn. — Nedris fulighiosus; Puffinus fuliginosus\ Puffinus stricklandi. Status — Abundant summer visitant and migrant on the ocean; probably breeds in the southern hemisphere. 49 (96) Puffinis tenuirostris (Temminck) Temminck & Schlegel. Slender-billed Shearwater. Status — Common midwinter visitant on the ocean (oflFSan Diego and Monterey in 1895). 50 (97) Priofinus cinereus (Gmelin) Jacquinot & Pucheran. Black-tailed Shearwater. Syn. — Puffinus cinereus; Adamastor cinereus; Puffinus nielanurus; Procellaria hczsitata. Status — Known only from the record by G. N. Lawrence of a specimen, still extant, ob- tained off Monterey. 51 (102) Daption capensis (Linnaeus) Stephens. Pintado Petrel. Syn. — Procellaria capensis. Status— Known only from the record by G. N. Lawrence of a specimen from "off Monterey." 52 (105) Oceanodroma furcata (Gmelin) Reichenbach. Forked-tailed Petrel. Status— Of irregular occurrence on the ocean (June, February, August); recorded south to San Pedro. 53 (106) Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Vieillot) Stejneger. Leach Petrel. Syn. — Thalassidrotna leachi\ Oceanites oceanica; Cyinochorea leucorhoa. Status — Apparently a permanent resident on the adjacent ocean; recorded south to Long Beach; found breeding on South Farallon Island, and the coast of Mendocino County. 54 (105.2) Oceanodroma kaedingi Anthony. Kaeding Petrel. Status— Known only from the records by A. W. Anthony of its occurrence on the ocean off southern California. i6 PACIFIC COAvST AVIFAUNA No. 3 55 (107) Oceanodroma melania (Bonaparte) Stejneger. Black Petrel. Syn. — Procellaria tnelania; Thalassidronia melania; Cymochorea melania; Oceanodroma townsendi. Status — Fairly common resident on the ocean oflf the southern part of the State; re- corded north to Santa Barbara Island; breeds on Los Coronados Islands off San Diego. 56 (108) Oceanodroma homochroa (Coues) Ridgway. Ashy Petrel. Syn. — Cymochorea homochroa. vStatus — Fairly common in summer on the adjacent ocean; breeds on the Farallones and San Miguel Island. 57 (108. i) Oceanodroma socorroensis Townsend. Socorro Petrel. Status — Fairly common, according to A. W. Anthony, off San Diego in summer, and breeding on Los Coronados Islands. 58 (120 c) Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus (Ridgway) Grinnell. Farallone Cormorant. Syn. — Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus; Graculus dilophus; Phalacrocorax dilophus; Phalacrocorax dilophus cincinatus; Phalacrocorax dilophus var. floridanus; Phalacro- corax cincinatiis; Phalacrocorax townsendi; Carbo townsendi; Car bo dilophus. Status — Common resident coastwise and on the larger bodies of water inland; breeds at numerous points on the islands and coast as well as in the interior (Eagle Lake, Clear Lake). 59 (122) Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Brandt) Heermann. Brandt Cormorant. Syn. — Carbo penicillatus; Graculus penicillatus. Status — Abundant resident along our whole coast; breeds at many points on the main- land coast and the islands. 60 (123 b) Phalacrocorax pelagicus resplendens (Audubon) Ridgway. Baird Cormorant. Syn. — Graculus bairdi; Graculus violaceus ; Phalacrocorax violaceus resplendens; Grac- ulus violaceus var. bairdi; Phalacrocorax resplendens; Phalacrocorax pelagicus robustus; Phalacrocorax violaceus; Phalacrocorax palagicus. Status — Common resident along our whole seacoast; breeds at many points on the coast and islands. 61 (125) Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin. American White Pelican. Syn. — Pelecanus trachyrhynchus; Pelicanus molino'. Status — Common migrant through the interior valleys, many wintering in the southern part of the State; breeds abundantly at lakes east of the Sierras (Eagle Lake). June, 1902. CHECK-LIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 17 62 (127) Pelecanus californicus Ridgway. CA1.1FORNIA Brown Pelican. S\N .—Pelecanus /usats; Pelecanus fiiscus californicus. Status — Common resident along our whole seacoast; not known to breed north of Los Coronados Islands. 63 (128) Fregata aquila (Linnaeus) Reichenbach. Man-o'-War Bird. Syn. — Tachypetes aquilus. Status — Rare and irregular winter visitant, north to Humboldt Bay; most frequent along our southern seacoast; straggling inland (North Pasadena, Los Angeles, Santa Clara). 64 (129) Merganser americanus (Cassin) Stejneger, American Merganser. Syn. — Mergus americanus; Mergtis merganser americanus. Status — Fairly common locally in summer about the lakes and streams of the Sierras, where it is known to breed. 65 (130) Merganser serrator (Linnaeus) Shaffer. Red-breasted Merganser. Syn. — Mergus serrator. Status — Common winter visitant along our whole seacoast ; less numerous at suitable points in the interior (Owens Lake, Lake Tahoe). 66 (131) Lophodytes cucuUatus (Linnaeus) Reichenbach. Hooded Merganser. Syn. — Mergus cucuUatus. Status — Fairly common in fall and winter on the lakes and streams of the interior. 67 (132) Anas boschas Linnaeus, Mallard. Status — Common resident in suitable localities throughout the State; breeds at many points in the interior. <58 (135) Chaulelasmus streperus (Linnaeus) Bonaparte, Gadwall. Syn. — Anas strepera. Status— Fairly common resident chiefly in the interior valleys, recorded as breeding in Los Angeles County and in the Sacramento Valley. ^9 (136) Mareca penelope (Linnaeus) Selby. Widgeon. Syn. — Anas penelope. Status — Several specimens recorded as found in winter in the Sau Francisco marketsj ^Iso recorded from Eureka. i8 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 70 (137) Mareca americana (Gmelin) Stephens. Baldpate. Syn. — Anas americana\ Mareca penelope, part. Status — Abundant winter visitant in suitable localities throughout the vState. 71 (138) Nettion crecca (Linnaeus) Kaup. European Teal. Syn. — Anas crecca. Status— Recorded only by J. G. Cooper who states it to have been "found not rarely in California." 72 (139) Nettion carolinensis (Gmelin) Baird. Green-winged Teal. Syn. — Anas carolinensis; Ouerquedula carolinensis. Status— Abundant winter visitant in suitable localities throughout the State. 73 (140) Querquedula discors (Linnaeus) Stephens. Blue-winged Teal. Syn. — Anas discors. Status — Rare winter visitant; recorded from Stockton, San Diego. Agua Caliente, Little Owens Lake, Weaverville, Napa, Los Angeles, El Monte. 74 (141) Querquedula cyanoptera (Vieillot) Cassin. Cinnamon Teal. Syn. — Anas cyanoptera; Pterocyanea cariileata; Ptcrocyanea discors. Status — Common summer visitant to the southern and interior portions of the State; breeds numerously in the San Diegan district, in the San Joaquiu-Sacramento Valley and east of the Sierras much further north, 75 (142) Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus) Boie. Shoveller. Syn. — Rynchaspis clypeata. Status— Abundant winter visitant on freshwater throughout the State; a few remain through the summer and have been found breeding (Gorman Station, Haywards). 76 (143) Dafila acuta (Linnaeus) Bonaparte. Pintail. Syn.— Z>a/?/« caudacuta. Status— Abundant winter visitant to suitable localities throughout the Stater recorded! as remaining through the summer in small numbers and breeding (Los Angeles- County). 77 (144) Aix sponsa (Linnaeus) Bonaparte. Wood Duck. Status — Common resident on the streams and lakes of the interior, especially along the- San Joaquin and Sacramento River valleys, where it has been recorded as nesting; als© at Lake Tahoe. June, 1902. CHECK-LIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 19 78 (146) Aythya americana (Eyton) Baird, Redhead. Syn. — iVyroca americana; Nyroca ferina; Nyroca erythrocephala; Aythya erythrocephala; ALthyia ainencaua; Fiiligulaferina var. americana. Status — Common resident in suitable localities throughout the State; recorded as breeds ingat numerous points in the interior valleys. 79 (147) Aythya vallisneria (Wilson) Boie. Canvas-back. Status — Common winter visitant in suitable localities throughout the State. 80 (148) Aythya marila (Linnaeus) Boie. Scaup Duck, Syn. — Fulix marila; Fuiigula marila; Aythya marila nearctica. Status — Fairly common winter visitant on salt and brackish water coastwise: south to San Diego Bay. 81 (149) Aythya afBnis (Eyton) Stejneger. Lesser Scaup Duck, Syn. — Fuiigula mariloides; Fuiigula affinis; Fulix affinis. Status— Fairly common winter visitant coastwise and on the larger bodies of water inland. 82 (150) Aythya collaris (Donovan) Ridgway. Ring-necked Duck. Syn. — Fultgula collaris; Fulix collaris. Status — ^Judging from the scarcity of records, this species is of rather rare occurrence, and appears only in midwinter; recorded from Lake Tahoe, Pacific Grove and Los An- geles County. 83 (151) Clangula americana Bonaparte. American Golden-eye, Syn. — Clangula clangula americana; Bucephala clangula:, Glaucionetta clangula amev' icana; Bucephala americana; Bucephala clangula var. americana; Clangula glaucion americana. Status — Common winter visitant along our whole scacoast; confined chiefly to salt water though there are also a few records from the interior. 84 (152) Clangula islandica (Gnielin) Bonaparte. Barrow Golden-eye. Syn. — Bucephala islandica; Cilaucionetta tslandica. Status — Rare winter visitant; known only from specimens procured in the San Fran- Cisco markets. 20 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA . No. 3 85 (153) Clangula albeola (Linnaeus) Stephens. BUFFLE-HEAD. Syn. — Bticephala albeola; Charitonetta albeola. Status— Common winter visitant throughout the State, but more particularly on salt and brackish water coastwise. 86 (154) Harelda hyemalis (Linnaeus) Brehm. Old-squaw. Syn. — Harelda glacialis; Clavgula hyemalis. Status — Rather rare midwinter visitant; recorded at intervals along the seacoast south to San Diego Bay; more frequent northerly. 87 (155) Histrionicus histrionicus (Linnaeus) Boucard. Harlequin Duck. Syn. — Histrionicus torquatus\ Histrioiiiais miniitus; Cosmonetta histrionica^ Status— Fairly commcn in summer along certain streams of the west slope of the Sierras, where it is known to breed ; occurs also as a visitant along the seacoast (Monterey). 88 (162) Somateria spectabilis (Linnaeus) Leach. King Eider. STATU.S — Known only from the record by H. W. Henshaw of a specimen taken in winter off Blackpoint, San Francisco. 89 (163) Oidemia americana Swainson. American Scoter. Status — Rather rare winter visitant coastwise; recorded south to Santa Catalina Island. 90 (165) Oidemia deglandi Bonaparte. White-winged Scoter. S>\-s.— Oidemia fusca; Melanetta velvetina. Status — Common winter visitanti along our whole seacoast; a few, probably non-breed- ers, remain through the summer. 91 (166) Oidemia perspicillata (Linnaeus) Stephens. Surf Scoter. SvN. — Pelioneita trowdridgei ; Pe Hone Ha perspicillata ; CEdeinia perspicillata ■war. trow- bridgei^ Status— -Abandant winter visitant aloag our whole seacoast ; a few remain through the summer but are not known to breed. 92 (167) Erismatura jamaicensis (Gmelin) Salvadori. Ruddy Duck. Syn. — Erismatura rubida. Status — Common resident in suitable localities throughout the State; breeds at numerousi lakes and ponds in the interior. June, 1902. CHECK-LLST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 21 93 (169) Chen hyperborea hyperborea (Pallas) Boie. lyESSER Snow Goose. SvN. — Anserhyperboyeus\Anseralbatiis\ Chen albatiis; Chen hyperborea nivalis. Status — Abundant winter visitant south through the interior valleys to Orange County. 94 (169. i) Chen caerulescens (Linnseus) Gundlach. Blue Goose. Status— Known only from the record by L. Belding of two specimens shot near Stock- ton "about February i," 1892. 95 (170) Chen rossi (Cassin) Ridgway. Ross Snow Goose. SvN. — Anser rossi. Status — Fairly common winter visitant through the interior valleys; southernmost record, Newport, Orange County. 96 (171a) Anser gambeli Hartlaub. American White-fronted Goose. Syn. — Anser erythropiis; Anser albifrons; Bernicla gambeli; Anser albifroiis gambeli. Status — Abundant winter visitant in suitable localities throughout the State. 97 (172) Branta canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus) Bannister. Canada Goose. Status — Seems to be a fairly common midwinter visitant to the interior portions of the State; recorded south to Bixby, Los Angles County. 98 (172 a) Branta canadensis hutchinsi (Richardson) Coues. Hutchins Goose. Syn, — Anser hutchinsi; Bernicla hutchinsi. Status — Abundant winter visitant in suitable localities throughout the State. 99 (172 b) Branta canadensis occidentalis (Baird) Ridgway. White-cheeked Goose. Syn. — Branta canadensis, part; Bernicla canadensis; Branta occidentalis. Status — Fairly common winter visitant to interior portions of the State; remains through the summer, and recorded as breeding, on lakes northeastof the Sierras (Klamath Lakes, Lake Tahoe). 100 (172 c) Branta canadensis minima (Ridgway) Ridgway. Cackling Goose. Syn. — Bernicla leucoparia; Branta hutchinsi var. leucoparia; Branta minima. Status — Common winter visitant through the interior valleys, south to Ventura County. 22 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 loi (174) Branta nigricans (Lawrence) Bannister. Black Brant. Syn, — Bernicla brenia; Bernicla nigricans. Status — Common midwinter visitant along our whole seacoast. 102 (176) Philacte canagica (Sevastianoff) Bannister. Emperor Goose. Status — Rare winter visitant; recorded from Humboldt Bay, Gridley and San Francisco market. 103 (178) Dendrocygna fulva (Gmelin) Burmeister. Fulvous Tree-duck. Status — Common summer visitant to the San Joaquin-Sacramento Valley where it is recorded as breeding; occurs at suitable localities during spring and fall in the southern half of the State; not recorded north of Marysville. 104 (180) Olor columbianus (Ord) Stejneger. Whistling Swan. Syn. — Cygnus americanus. Status — Rare winter visitant to the larger lakes and streams of the interior; not recorded south cf Ventura County. 105 (181) Olor buccinator (Richardson) Wagler. Trumpeter Swan. Syn. — Cygnus buccinator. Status — Fairly common midwinter visitant to the larger freshwater bodies; not recorded south of Los Angeles County. 106 (187) Plegadis guarauna (Linnaeus) Ridgway. White-faced Glossy Ibis. Syn. — Falcinellus cayanensis; Ibis mexicanus; Ibis ordi; Ibis thalassinus. Status — Common summer visitant to the interior of the State north to Sutter County; straggling to the Farallones; breeds at several points in the San Diegan district. 107 (188) Tantalus loculator Linnaeus. Wood Ibis. Status — Irregular visitant to the southern portions of the state; recorded north to Hay- wards; not known to breed. 108 (190) Botaurus lentiginosus (Montagu) Stephens. American Bittern. Syn. — Botaurus ininor ; Ardea minor. Status — Common resident in suitable localities throughout the State; breeds at many points in the interior valleys. June, 1902. CHECK-LIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 23 109 (igi) Ardetta exilis (Gmelin) Gundlach. Least Bittern. Syn. — Ardea exilis; Ardeola exilis; Botaurus exilis. Status — Fairly common summer visitant to the interior valleys; known to breed in Los Angeles County. no (194) Ardea herodias herodias Linnaeus. Great Blue Heron. Status — Abundant resident in suitable localities throughout the State; breeds at many points in the interior. 111 (196) Ardea egretta Gmelin. American Egret. Syn. — Herodias egretta; Herodias alba egretta; Herodias egretta var. californica; Ardea occidentalis. Status — Formerly of common occurrence in suitable localities throughout the State; now notably scarce. 112 (197) Ardea candidissima Gmelin. Snowy Heron. Sy N. — Garzetta candtdissima. Status — Fairly common in summer in the interior valleys. 113 (201 b) Ardea virescens anthonyi Mearns. Anthony Green Heron. Syn. — Ardea virescetis; BiUorides virescens. Status — Common migrant throughout the State; breeds along the larger streams of the interior valleys. 114 (202) Nycticorax naevius (Boddaert) Gray. Black-crowned Night Heron. Syn. — Nycticorax nycticorax ncevius; Nycticorax nycticorax ; Nyctiardea grisea ncrvia; Nycticorax griseus ncevius; Nyctiardea gardeni. Status — Abundant resident throughout the State; breeds at many points. 115 (206) Grus mexicana (Muller) Vieillot. Sandhill Crane. Syn. — Grus canadensis, part; Grus canadensis mexicana. Status — Common migrant and winter visitant to the interior valleys; a few pass the sum- mer in the alpine meadows of the northern Sierras, where they are said to breed. 116 (210, part) Rallus obsoletus Ridgway. California Clapper Rail. SvN. — Rallus elegans, part; Rallus elegans var. obsoletus. Status — Resident on the salt marshes around San P>anci»co Bay, where it breeds abund- antly; Humboldt Bay? 24 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 117 (210, part) Rallus levipes Bangs. Southern California Clapper Rail. Sy N.—J?al/us elegans, part; Rallus obsoletus, part. Status — Common resident on the salt marshes of the Southern California coast from Santa Barbara southeast to Newport Bay. 118 (212) Rallus virginianus Linnaeus. Virginia Rail. Status— Common resident in suitable localities throughout the State ; recorded as breed- ing at several points in the interior valleys. 119 (214) Porzana Carolina (Linnaeus) Baird. SORA. Status— Common resident in favorable localities throughout the State; recorded as nest- ing in freshwater marshes of the interior valleys. 120 (215) Porzana noveboracensis (Gmelin) Baird. Yellow Rail. Syn. — Ortygops noveboracensis. Status — Of rather rare occurrence in fall and winter in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay; recorded also from Humboldt Bay. 121 (216) Porzana jamaicensis (Gmelin) Baird. Black Rail. Syn. — Creciscus jamaicensis. Status— Seems to be a fairly common resident in favorable localities ; many fall records from the vicinity of San Francisco Bay. 122 (219) Gallinula galeata (Lichtenstein) Bonaparte. Florida Gallinule. Syn. — Gallinula chloropus galeata. Status — Fairly common resident of the interior valleys, north to Sacramento; several records of breeding in freshwater marshes. 123 (221) Fulica americana Gmelin. American Coot. Status — Abundant resident in suitable localities throughout the State; breeds at numer- ous points. 124 (222) Crymophilus fulicarius (Linnaeus) Stejneger. Red Phalarope. Syn. — Phalaropus fulicarius. Status — Common during migration along the coast ; occasional inland. June, 1902. CHECK-UST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 25 125 (223) Phalaropus lobatus (Linnaeus) Salvadori. Northern Phalarope. Syn. — Phalaropus hyperboreus; Lobipes lobatus. Status — Abundant migrant along the seacoast, appearing also on the lakes of the interior. 126 (224) Steganopus tricolor Vieillot. Wilson Phalarope. Syn. — Phalaropus wilsoni; Phalaroptis tricolor. Status — Fairly common summer visitant along the eastern border of the State (Lassen County, Owens Valley, Death Valley, Colorado Valley); recorded west of the Sierras only from Riverside; breeds at Lake Tahoe. 127 (225) Recurvirostra americana Gmelin. American Avocet. Syn. — Recurvirostra occidentalis. Status — Common summer visitant to many points in the interior of the State, where it breeds; winters numerously in the southern counties. 128 (226) Himantopus mexicanus (Muller) Ord, Black-necked Stilt. Syn. — Himantopus nigricollis. Status — Common summer visitant in suitable localities through Upper and Lower Sonoran, where it has been recorded as breeding north to Sutter County west of the Sierras ; north to Rhett Lake east of the Sierras. 129 (230) Gallinago delicata (Ord) A. O. U. Committee. Wilson Snipe. Syn. — Gallinago wtlsoni; Scolopax wilsoni; Gallinago media; Gallinago media :•. ilsoiii. Status — Common winter visitant in suitable localities throughout the State; remains through the summer and breeds in the Boreal valleys of the northern Sierras. 130 (232) Macrorhamphus scolopaceus (Say) Lawrence. Long-billed Dowitcher. Syn. — Scolopax grisea; Macrorhamphus griseus; Scolopax noveboracensis; 3/acrorham- phus griseus scolopaceus. Status — Fairly common winter visitant to the interior valleys. 131 (234) Tringa canutus Linni:tus. Knot. Status — Casual migrant; detected so far only at Humboldt Bay and on th^- vlameda County shore of San Francisco Bay (May 10, 1896). 132 (239) Tringa maculata Vieillot. Pectoral Sand. iper. Syn.— Actodromas maculata. St.\tus— Rare migrant; known only from the record by J. G. Cooper of its occurrence at San Francisco Bay. 26 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 133 (240) Tringa fuscicoUis Vieillot. White-rumped Sandpiper. Status — Known only from the record by W. E. Bryant of a female specimen taken near Oakland, October 8, 1883. 134 (241) Tringa bairdi (Coues) Sclater. Baird Sandpiper. Syn. — Heteropygia bairdi. Status — Rare migrant; recorded by J. Mailliard from Monterey; three skins listed in Volume XXIV of the "Catalogue of Birds" as from "California." 135 (242) Tringa minutilla Vieillot. IvEAST Sandpiper. Syn. — Tringa 'cvilsoni; Ac todromas minutilla; Li^notiites 77tinutilla. Status — Abundant migrant and winter visitant in suitable localities througout the State. 136 (243 a) Tringa pacifica (Coues) Grinnell. Red-backed Sandpiper. Syn, — Tringa alpina pacifica; Pelidna alpina americana; Pelidna americana; Tringa alpina; Tringa alpina var. americana. Status — Common winter visitant coastwise; occurs in the interior- during migration. 137 (247) Ereunetes occidentalis Lawrence. Western Sandpiper. S\tii.— Tringa semipalinata; Ereunetes petrificatus; Ereunetes pusillus; Ereunetes pusil- lus occidentalis. Status — Abundant migrant coastwise; less numerous in spring and fall through the inter- ior. 138 (248) Calidris arenaria (Linnaeus) Leach. Sanderung. Syn. — Tringa arenaria. vStatus — Common migrant and winter visitant along the seacoast. 139 (249) Limosa fedoa (Linnaeus) Sabine. Marbled Godwit. Status — Fairly common migrant along the coast ; said to remain through the winter in small numbers. 140 (254) Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin) Vieillot. Greater Yellow-legs. vSyn. — Gambetta melanoleuca. Status — Common migrant throughout the State ; some pass the winter in the southern coast district, and a few have been found through the summer, but there is no definite breeding record. June, 1902. CHECK-UST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDvS 27 141 (255) Totanus flavipes (Gmelin) Vieillot. Yei^low-legs. Syn. — Gambetta flavipes. Status — Seems to be a rather rare migrant through the interior; there are two records of its occurrence on the seacoast in winter, 142 (256 a) Helodromas solitarius cinnamomeus (Brewster) A. O. U. Comm, Western Solitary Sandpiper. Syn. — Totanus solitarius; Rhyacophilus solitarius; Totanus solitarius cintiamometis . Status — Fairly common migrant throughout the State. 143 (258a) Symphemia semipalmata inornata Brewster. Western Willet. Syn. — Totanus semipabnatus; Syrnphernia semipalmata. Status — Common migrant coastwise ; occasional through the winter on the tide marshes. 144 (259) Heteractitis incanus (Gmelin) Stejneger. Wandering Tattler. Syn. — Heteroscelus brevipes; Heteroscelus incanus. Status — Common winter visitant along rocky ocean shores, 145 (263) Actitis macularia (Linnaeus) Naumann. Spotted Sandpiper. Syn. — Totanus macularius; Tringoides inacularius. Status— Common migrant throughout the State; remains through tlie summer and breeds along streams and lakes in the Sierras ; recorded through the winter along our southern seacoast. 146 (264) Numenius longirostris Wilson. Long-billed Curlew. Status — Common through the winter coastwise and in the interior valleys west of the Sierras; recorded as passing the summer in large numbers and breeding in the Pitt River region in the northwestern corner of the State. 147 (265) Numenius hudsonicus Latham. Hudson I AN Curlew. Status — Abundant migrant coastwise, occurring also at the larger lakes inland. 148 (270) Squatarola squatarola (Linna?us) Cuvier. Black-bellied Plover. Syn. — Charadrius squatarola; Charadrius helveticus; Squatarola helvetica. Status — Common migrant coastwise; occasional through the interior valleys. 28 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 149 (272) Charadrius dominicus Muller. American Golden Plover. Syn. — Pluvialis virginiaca; Charadrius virginiacus. Status— Migrant coastwise; so far, detected but rarely. 150 (273) jSgialitis vocifera (Linnaeus) Bonaparte. KiLLDEER. Syn. — Oxyechus vociferns; Charadrius vociferus. Status — Abundant resident; breeds in suitable localities throughout the State. 151 (274) iEgialitis semipalmata Bonaparte. Semipalmated Plover. S YN . — Atgiafeus semipalmatus. Status — Fairly common migrant along the seacoast. 152 (276) -ffigialitis dubia (Scopoli) Swinhoe. Little Ring Plover. Syn. — ^gialitis niicrorhyncha; ^^gialitis curonica. Status — Known only from the record by R. Ridgway of a specimen taken at San Fran- 153 C278) iEgialitis nivosa Cassin. Snowy Plover. Syn. — Charadrius cantianus; ALgialitis cantiana; Atgialiiis cantiana nivosa; yEgialitis alexandrina nivosa. Status — Common resident of our southern seacoast; recorded north to Cape Mendocino; also at Owens Lake; breeds north at least to Pescadero. 154 (280) i^gialitis wilsonia (Ord) Bonaparte. Wilson Plover. Status — Known only from the specimen secured by A. M. Ingersoll at Pacific Beach, vSan Diego County, June 29, 1894. 155 (281) ^gialitis montana (Townsend) Cassin. Mountain Plover. Syn. — Padasocys montanus \ Eudroniias montanns; Charadrius montanus ; ^Iigialitis asiaticus var. montanus. Status — Common in winter on the interior plains west of the Sierras; south to Santa Ana. 156 (282) Aphriza virgata (Gnielin) Gray. Surf Bird. Status — Apparently of rather rare occurrence as a migrant; recorded from the Santa Barbara and Farallone Islands, Santa Barbara and Monterey. June, 1902. CHECK-LIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 29 157 (283.1) Arenaria morinella (Linnaeus) Palmer. Ruddy Turnstone. Syn. — Strepsilas interpret, Arenaria interpres. Status — Fairly common migrant coastwise. 158 (284) Arenaria melanocephala (Vigors) Stejneger. Black Turnstone. S YN . — strepsilas melanocephalus . Status — Of common occurrence throughout the year on exposed ocean shores; although individuals remain all summer, they are not known to breed. 159 (286.1) Haematopus frazari Brewster. Frazar Oyster-catcher. Syn. — Hcsmatopus palliatus. Status — Rare summer visitant to our extreme southern seacoast; recorded only from San Diego, Santa Barbara Island and the coast of Ventura County. 160 (287) Haematopus bachmani Audubon. Black Oyster-catcher. Syn. — Hcpfnatopus ater; Hcsmatopus niger; Hcpmatopns townsendi. Status — Common resident of exposed rocky shores along our whole seacoast; recorded as breeding at several points. 161 (292) Oreortyx pictus pictus (Douglas) Baird. Painted Partridge. ^\i Ileushaw of a specimen secured al Walker Basin,, August 28., 1875. 34 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 194 (360 a) Falco sparverius deserticolus Mearns. Desert Sparrow Hawk. Syn. — Tinnunculus sparverius; Cerchjieis sparverius; Falco sparverius. STATUS'— Abundant resident throughout the State. 195 (364) Pandion carolinensis (Gmelin) Bonaparte. American Osprey. Syn. — Paftdion haliaetus carolinensis; Pandion halicetus. Status— Breeds commonly on the Santa Barbara Islands; also locally along our whole seacoast; occurs during migration on the larger streams and lakes of the interior. 196 (365) Strix pratincola Bonaparte. American Barn Owl. S\n.^Sirix Jlammea pratincola; Strix flammea americana; Aluco flammeus amei-icanus; Strix per lata. Status — Common resident of the Sonoran Zone in all suitable localities; recorded north in the Sacramento Valley to Woodland. 197 (366) Asio wilsonianus (Lesson) Coues. American L,ong-eared Owl. Syn.— O/w^ cvilsonianus; Oius vulgaris wilsonianus; Asio americamis. Status — Common resident of the Sonoran Zone almost throughont the vState; breeds at many points iu the interior valleys. 198 (367) Asio accipitrinus (Pallas) Newton. Short-eared Owl. Syn. — Strigiceps uliginosus; Brachyotus palustris; Brachyotus cassini; Otus brachyotus. Status — Common winter visitant to unwooded districts throughout the vState; known to remain through the summer and bxeed sparingly on certain coast marshes. 199 (369) Syrnium occidentale Xantus. Spotted Owl. Syn. — Syrnium nebulosum; SMx oceidewtalis. Status — Fairly common resident of the San Diegan district from Fort Tejan south, mostly in the foothills; recorded also fro-m Big Trees, Calaveras Co.unty. 200 (370) Scotiaptex cinerea (Gmelin) Swainson. Great Gray Owl. Syn- — Ulula cinerea;. Syrnium cinereuni. Status — Rare midwinter visitant into the north end of the State; recorded from Chico and the "Sacramento Valley.." June, 1902. CHECK-LIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 35 201 (372) Cryptoglaux acadica acadica (Gmelin) Richmond, Saw-whet Owl. Syn. — Strix fro7italis\ Nydale albifrons; Nydala acadica. Status — Perhaps a fairly common winter visitant to the northern half of the vState; there are eleven records, the southernmost in the Sierras being from the San Jacinto moun- tains, and in the coast belt, from Monterey. 202 (373 c) Megascops asio bendirei (Brewster) Stejneger. California Screech Owl. Syn. — Scops asio; Megascops asio; Ephialtes asio; Ephialtcs choliba; Scops trichopsis; Scops asio var. tnccalli; Scops asio bendirei. Status — Abundant resident in wooded regions almost throughout the State. 203 (374) Megascops flammeolus flammeolus (Kaup) Stejneger. Flammulated Screech Owl. Syn. — Scops flammeolus . Status — Recorded twice; a specimen secured ai Fort Crook by J. Feilner and one at Big Trees by 1,. fielding, 204 (374 a) Megascops flammeolus idahoensis Merriatn. Dwarf Screech Owl. Syn. — Megascops flammeolus, part. Status — Known only from three specimens recorded from the vSan Bernardino Moun- tains, one of which was obtained by M. F. Oilman on San Gorgonio Peak, May 26, 1S93. 205 (375 c) Bubo virginianus saturatus Ridgway. Dusky Horned Owl. SYyi.—Buio virgiauiis subarcticus., part. Status — Common resident of the humid coast belt south to Monterey; casual in the Sierra Nevada (El Dorado County). 206 (375 d) Bubo virginianus pacificus Cassin. Pacific Horned Owl. Syn, — Bubo virginianus siibarclicus, part; Bubo virginianus; Bubo virginianus var. arclicus; Bubo inagellanicus; Bubo virginianus atlanticus. Status — Common resident of wooded regions west and south of the humid coast belt almost throughout the State. 307 (376) Nyctea nyctea (Linnaeus) Lichtenstein, Snowy Owl. .Status — Rare midwinter visitant; recorded by C. S, Thompson from Sajita Cruz, and by J). A. Coheja from Sonoma and ^Jaroeda Countje.'i. 36 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 208 (378) Speotyto cunicularia hypogaea (Bonaparte) Coues, Burrowing Owl. Syn. — Strix cunicularia; Speotyto cunicularia; Athene socialis; Athene cunicularia; Athene hypogcea; Speotyto cunicularia obscura. Status — Abundant resident of unwooded valleys almost thioughout the State, except humid coast belt. 209 (379) Glaucidium gnoma gnoma Wagler. Pygmy Owl. Syn. — Athetie in/uscata; Glaucidium passerinum var, calif ornicum, part; Glaucidium gnoma calif ornicum , part. Status — Common resident of the arid interior mountain regions from Mount Shasta south to the San Bernardino Mountains; recorded from many points in the Sierras. 210 (379 a) Glaucidium gnoma calif ornicum (Sclater) A. O. U. Committee. California Pygmy Owl. Syn. — Glaucidimn gnoma, part; Glaucidium californicum; Glaucidium passeriutn var. califoi'nicum , part; Glaucidium infuscatum . Status — Common resident of the humid coast Transition south through the Santa Cruz district to Monterey. 211 (381) Micropallas whitneyi (Cooper) Sennett. Elf Owl. Syn. — Micratkene tvhitneyi. Status — Known only from the records by R. Ridgway of a specimen taken in Kern County and by L. M. Loomis of one said to have been secured near San Bernardino; the latter has been questioned. 212 (385) Geococcyx californianus (Lesson) Baird. Road-runner. vSyn. — Leptostotna longicauda; Geococcyx viaticus; Geococcyx mexicanus^ Status— More or less common resident below Transition almost throughout the State; re- corded north through the Sacramento Valley to Battle Creek and Copper City; not re- corded in the coast belt north of Marin County. 213 (387 a) Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Ridgway. California Cuckoo. Syn. — Coccyzus americanus; Coccyzus erythrophthahnus. Status — Fairly common summer visitant to the interior valleys; seems to be confined t& willow bottoms during the nesting season. 214 (390) Ceryle alcyon (Linnaeus) Bonaparte. Belted Kingfisher Syn. — Alcedo alcyon. Status — Common resident along the streams of the interior; more abundant and gener- ally distributed during migration; numerous itt wiuter along our southern seacoast. June, 1902. CHECK-LIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 37 215 (393 c) Dryobates villosus harrisi (Audubon) Ridgway. Harris Woodpecker. Status — Common resident in the extreme northern part of the humid coast belt; south in winter through this belt as far as Monterey. 216 (393 d) Dryobates villosus hyloscopus (Cabanis) Brewster. Cabanis Woodpecker. Syn. — Dryobates villosus harrisi, part; Picus harrist; Picus villosus; Picus villosus harrisi\ Dendrocopus harrisi. vStatus — Common resident in suitable localities almost throughout the State, but chiefly in Transition south and east of the northern humid coast belt. 217 (394 b) Dryobates pubescens leucurus (Hartlaub) Fisher. BatcheIvDER Woodpecker. Syn. — Dryobates pubescens oreacus; Dryobates pubescens hoviorus. Status — Occurs in winter at least, along the eastern border of the State; recorded from Quincy, Kernville and Fort Tejon. 218 (394 a, part) Dryobates pubescens turati (Malherbe) Fisher. Willow Woodpecker. Syn. — Dryobates pubescens; Picus pubescens gairdneri; Dryobates pubescens gairdneri, part; Picus gairdneri; Picus meridionalis; Dendrocopus gairdneri; Picus turati. Status — Common resident in suitable localities almost throughout the State; breeds chiefly in Upper Sonoran west of the Sierras. 219 (394 a, part) Dryobates pubescens gairdneri (Audubon) Ridgway. Gairdner Woodpecker. Status — Occurs only in the extreme northern part of the humid coast belt (Del Norte and Siskiyou Counties). 220 (396) Dryobates scalaris bairdi (Malherbe) Ridgway. Texas Woodpecker. Syn. — Picus scalaris, part; Dryobates scalaris; Dendrocopus scalaris. Status — Fairly common resident in the deserts of the southeastern corner of the State; recorded west to Hesperia and San Gorgonio Pass. 221 (396 a) Dryobates lucasanus (Xantus) Grinnell. Saint Lucas Woodpecker. Syn. — Dryobates scalaris lucasanus. Status — Recorded only as found breeding by W. W. Price and E. Heller in the vicinity of Whitewater on the Colorado Desert. 222 (397) Dryobates nuttalli (Garabel) Ridgway. Nuttall Woodpecker. Syn. — Picus scalaris, part; Picus nuttalli; Picus scalaris var. nuttalli; Dendrocopus nuttalli. Status— Common resident of Upper Sonoran west of the Sierras and east of the humid coast belt; recorded from San Diego north to Red Bluff and Yreka, 38 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 223 (399) Xenopicus albolarvatus (Cassin) Malherbe. White-headed Woodpecker. Syn. — Piais albolarvatus; Leuconerpes albolarvatus; Melanerpes albolarvatus. Status — Common resident of the Transition and lower Boreal Zones along the whole length of the Sierras from the Cuyamaca Mountains in San Diego County to Mount Shasta. 224 (400, part) Picoides tenuirostris (Bangs) Sharpe. Sierra Three-toed Woodpecker. Syn. — Picoides arciicus\ Picoides arcticus tenuirostris. Status — Fairly common resident of the Boreal Zone along the northern Sierras; recorded south to Pyramid Peak and Lake Tahoe. 225 (402 a) Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis Baird. • Red-naped Sapsucker. Syn. — Picus varius; Sphyropicus nuchalis. Status — Fairly common winter visitant to the southern part of the State, reaching the coast district as far north as Palo Alto and San Geronimo; recorded as passing the sum- mer and breeding in the northeastern corner of the State (Modoc and Lassen Counties). 226 (403, part) Sphyrapicus varius ruber (Gmelin) Ridgway. Red-breasted Sapsucker. Syn, — Picus ruber, part; JMelanerpes ruber\ Sphyrapicus ruber, part. Status — Fairly common winter visitant south through the humid coast belt to Monterey. 227 (403, part) Sphyrapicus varius daggetti Grinnell. Sierra Sapsucker. Syn. — Picus ruber, part; Sphyrapicus varius ruber, part; Sphyrapicus ruber, part. Status — Common in summer in the Boreal Zone along almost the whole length of the Sierras, at least from Mount Shasta to the San Bernardino Mountains; in winter irregul- arly distributed westward through the intervening valleys to the coast. 228 (404) Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Cassin) Baird. Williamson Sapsucker. Syn. — Picus thyroideus; Sphyrapicus zvilliamsoni; Melanerpes rubrigularis. Status — Common resident of the Boreal Zone along the vSierras from Mount Shasta to the San Jacinto Mountains; in winter straggling westward (Santa Cruz, Los Angeles). 229 (405 a) Ceophloeus pileatus abieticola Bangs. Northern Pileated Woodpecker. Syn. — Ceophloeus pileatus •', Hylotomus pileatus; Dryocopus pileatus; Dryotomus pileatus. Status — Fairly common resident of timbered areas in the northern part of the State; recorded in the Sierras south to Kings River Canyon, and in the coast belt to Eel River. June, 1902. CHECK-LIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 39 230 (407 a) Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi Ridgway. California Woodpecker. Syn. — Picus formicivorus; Melanerpes melanopogon; Melanerpes formicivorus. Status — Abundant resident in suitable localities west of the vSierras. 231 (408) Melanerpes torquatus (Wilson) Bonaparte. Lewis Woodpecker. Syn. — Asyndesmus torquatus; Picus torquatus. Status — In summer breeds commonly in certain localities along the Sierras south to Fort Tejon, and in Salinas and San Benito Valleys; in winter spread pretty generally throughout the State. 232 (411) Melanerpes uropygialis (Baird) Ridgway. Gila Woodpecker. Syn. — Centurus uropygialis. Status — Resident in small numbers and breeds on the California side of the lower Col- orado River in the vicinity of Fort Yuma. 233 (412 a) Colaptes auratus luteus Bangs. Northern Flicker. Syn. — Colaptes auratus; Colaptes cafer hybridus; Colaptes auratus var. hybridus. Status — Pure auratus has been recorded many times in winter svest of the Sierras and south as far as Warm Springs, San Diego County; "hybrids" are still more frequent. 234 (413) Colaptes cafer collaris (Vigors) Ridgway. Red-shafted Flicker. Syn. — Colaptes collaris; Colaptes mexicanus; Colaptes cafer; Colaptes auratus mexicanus; Colaptes cafer mexicanus; Colaptes ayresi. Status — Abundant resident in suitable localities throughout the State. 235 (413 a) Colaptes cafer saturatior (Ridgway) A. O. U. Committee. Northwestern Flicker. Status — Winter visitant into the north end of the State, chiefly through the coast belt; recorded from Red Bluff and Humboldt County. 236 (418) Phalaenoptilus nuttalli nuttalli (Audubon) Ridgway. Poor-will. Syn. — Antrostomus nuttalli, part. Status — Fairly common in summer along the whole eastern border of the State east of the Sierras; resident through the year among the desert ranges southeast of the Sierras. 237 (418 a) Phalaenoptilus nuttalli nitidus Brewster. Frosted Poor-will. Status— Resident in the deserts of southeastern California north to Death Valley. 40 PACIFIC COAvST AVIFAUNA No. 3 238 (418 b) Phalaenoptilus nuttalli californicus Ridgway. Dusky Poor-will. St\'s.-~Antrosto>nus nuttaUi, part; Pkalrruoptilus nuttalli, part. Status — Common summer visitant to the foothill regions west of the Sierras, chiefly Upper Sonoran; recorded north to Gridley, Butte County; remains through the winter in the southern part of the State. 239 (420) Chordeiles virginianus virginianus (Graelin) Swainson. NiGHTHAWK. vSyn. — Chordeiles popettie. part; Chordeiles virgtnianus henryi, part; Chordeiles popetue var. henryi. Status — Common summer visitant to the Transition and Boreal Zones of the north end of the State and south through the Sierras; recorded during migration more generally through the western valleys. 240 (420 a) Chordeiles virginianus henryi (Cassin) Coues. Western Nighthawk. STATUS — Fairly common summer visitant to the desert regions southeast of the Sierras; recorded north to Mono Lake. 241 (421) Chordeiles acutipennis texensis (Lawrence) Ridgway. Texas Nighthawk. Syn. — Chordeiles texensis; Chordeiles virginianus henryi, part; Chordeiles popetue, part; Chordeiles virginianus, part. Status. — Abundant summer visitant throughout the Lower Sonoran Zone; recorded north to Bishop in Owens Valley, Stanislaus County, and Paicines in San Binito County. 242 (422) Cypseloides niger borealis (Kennerley) Drew. Black Swift. Syn. — Cypseloides niger; Cypseloides borealis; Nephoecetes niger. Status — Fairly common locally; occurs in summer irregularly throughout the State. 243 (424J Cheetura vauxi (Townsend) DeKay. Vaux Swift. Syn. — ^Icanthylis vauxi. Status — Fairly common summer visitant to the humid coast belt from the Santa Cruz Mountains northward; common migrant almost throughout the State. 244 (425) Aeronautes melanoleucus (Baird) Hartert. White-throated Swift. Syn. — Panyptila melanoleuca; Micropus melanoleucus; Cypselus saxatttis. Status— Fairly common summer visitant to mountainous regions west of the humid coast belt; also along the seacoast north to Santa Cruz; remains nearly through the winter in the southern part of the State. June, 1902. CHECK-IJST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS ' 41 245 (429) Trochilus alexandri Bourcier & Mulsant. Black-chinned Hummingbird. Status— Abundant summer visitant to the southern part of the State and north through the interior valleys to the McCloud River; breeds chiefly in Upper Sonoran. 246 (430) Calypte costae (liourcier) Gould. Costa Hummingbird. Syn. — Trochilus cos Ire; Aiihis casta; Selasphorus castes . Status — Common summer visitant to the Lower Sonoran Zone in the southern part of the State both east and west of the Sierras; recorded north through Owens Valley, and rarely to San Francisco and Oakland. 247 (431) Calypte anna (Lesson) Gould. Anna Hummingbird. "^Ys^. — Trochilus anna; Ornismya antia\ Atthis anna; Selasphorus anna; Mellisuga anna; Trochilus icterocephalus; Calltphlox anna. Status — Abundant resident of Upper Sonoran west of the Sierras; in late summer found up through Boreal; recorded north to Mount Shasta and Yreka. ^48 (43 1. 1) Selasphorus floresii Gould. Floresi Hummingbird. Syn. — Trochilus floresii; Selasphorus rubrontitratus. vStatus — Known only from the records by Bryant of a specimen obtained at San Francisco in 1885, and by Emerson of a male specimen secured by him at Haywards, Februarj- 20, 1901. 249 (432) Selasphorus platycercus (vSwainson) Bonaparte. Broad-tailed Hummingbird. Status — Rather rare summer visitant to the Sierra Nevada (Lake Tahoe to Sequoia National Park); specimen recorded by R. C. McGregor taken at Oakland, May 8, 1890. 250 (433) Selasphorus rufus (Gmelin) Swainson. Rufous Hummingbird. Svs. — Trochilus ru/i/s, part; Selasphorus ruber; CaUiphlox rufa; Selasphorus hensha-ui. Stattjs — Abundant spring and fall migrant almost throughout the State; fairly common through the summer and breeds in the Boreal Zone of the central and northern Sierras. 251 (434) Selasphorus alleni Henshaw. Allen Hummingbird. Syn. — Trochilus rufus, part; Selasphorus rufus, part; Trochilus alleni. Status— Common summer visitant to the humid coast belt from Monterey northward, including the San Francisco Hay Region; migrant through southern California; per- manent resident on Santa Catalina and San Clemente Islands. 42 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 252 (436) Stellula calliope Gould. Cali,iope Hummingbird. Syn. — Trochilus calliope; Selasphorus calliope; Callothorax calliope. Status — Fairly common summer visitant along the whole length of the Sierras, breeding in Transition; occurs irregularly west to the coast during migration. 253 (444) Tyrannus tyrannus tyrannus (Linnaeus) Jordan. Common Kingbird. Status— Rare summer visitant along the eastern border of the State east of the Sierras; a specimen recorded as taken by W. B. Judson at Santa Monica, August 31, 1895. 254 (447) Tyrannus verticalis Say. Arkansas Kingbird. Status — Abundant summer visitant below Transition nearly throughout the State. 255 (448) Tyrannus vociferans Swainson, Cassin Kingbird. Status — Fairly common resident locally in the San Diegan district, where it breeds; winters regularly north to Santa Barbara, and recorded as breeding north to Paicines, San Benito Valley. 256 (454) Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens (Lawrence) Sclater & Salvin. Ash-throated Flycatcher. Syn. — Myiarchus crimlus var. cinerascens; Myiobius criniius ; Tyrannus crinitus; My- iarchus mexicanus ; Tyrannula cinerasce?is. Status — Common summer visitant below Transition nearly throughout the State. 257 (456) Sayornis phoebe (Latham) Stejneger. Phcebe. Status — Known only from the record by H. S. Swarth of a male specimen taken by him near San Fernando, Los Angeles County, February 14, 1901. 258 (457) Sayornis saya (Bonaparte) Baird. Say Phcebe. Syn. — Sayornis pallida; Myiobius saya; Tyrannula saya. Status — Common winter visitant below Transition; fairly common through the summer and breeds east of the Sierras; also locally in small numbers west of the vSierras (Paicines, San Bernardino, Elsinore, San Diego). 259 (458) Sayornis nigricans semiatra (Vigors) Nelson. Black Phcebe. Syn. — Muscicapa semiatra; Tyrannula mgricans; Sayornis nigricans; Tyranmis nigri- cans; Myiobius nigricans. St.^TUS — Common resident below Transition west of the Sierras; occasional in summer east of the Sierras. June, 1902. CHECK-UST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 43 260 (459) Contopus borealis (Swainson) Baird. OuvE-siDKD Flycatcher. Syn. — Tyr annus borealis; Tyrannus cooperi; Nuttallornis borealis. Status — Common summer visitant through Transition and lower Boreal; elsewhere during migration . 261 (462) Contopus richardsoni richardsoni (Swainson) Baird. Western Wood Pewee. vSyn. — Horizopus richardsoni; Tyrannula virens; Contopus virens var. richardsoni; Con- topus richardsoni saturatus. Status — Common summer visitant through Upper Sonoran and Transition; elsewhere dur- ing migration. 262 (464) Empidonax difficilis Baird. Western Flycatcher. Syn. — Empidonax Jiaviventris; Empidonax insulicola; Empidonax flaviventris difficilis. Status — Abundant summer visitant through Upper Sonoran and Transition west of the Sierras; occurs commonly elsewhere as a migrant. 263 (464.1) Empidonax cineritius Brewster. Saint Lucas Flycatcher. Status — Known only from the record by A. W. Anthony of specimens taken in June, 1895, on Cuyamaca Peak, San Diego County. 264 (466) Empidonax trailli trailli (Audubon) Baird. Traill Flycatcher. Sw.— Empidonax pusill:is; Myiobius pusilla; Tyrannula trailli; Empidonax trailli vslv. pusillus. Status — Common summer visitant through Upper Sonoran, nesting north through the interior valleys to Sacramento and Honey Lake; elsewhere during migration. 265 (468) Empidonax hammondi (Xantus) Baird. Hammond Flycatcher. Syn. — Tyra7tnula hammondi. Status — Common summer visitant through Transition and lower Boreal along the whole length of the Sierras; recorded as breeding from Mount Shasta south to San Jacinto Peak; elsewhere during migration. 266 (469) Empidonax wrighti Baird. Wright Flycatcher. Syn. — Empidonax obscurus, part. Status — Fairly common summer visitant along the Sierras south to Mount Whitney; sparingly elsewhere during migration. 44 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA. N0.3 267 (469.1) Empidonax griseus Brewster. Gray Flycatcher. Syn. — Empiaonax obsairns, part. Status — Fairly common in summer in the Boreal Zone on the Sierra San Gabriel, Lo.s Angeles County; winters in the San Diegan District to the southward, west to Ventura. 268 (471) Pyrocephalus rubineus mexicanus (Sclater) Coue.s. Vermiluon Flycatcher. Syn. — Pyrocephalus rubineus; Pyrocephalus mexicanus. Status — Fairly common winter visitant to the southeastern part of the State, west through the San Diegan district as far as Ventura. 269 (474c) Octocoris alpestris arenicola Henshavv. Desert Horned Lark. Syn. — Octocoris alpestris, part. Status — Common resident locally in the deserts of southeastern California east of the Sierran divide; recorded north to Mono Lake and west to Gorman vStation. 270 (474 e) Otocoris alpestris chrysolajma (Wagler) Stejneger. Mexican Horned Lark. Syn. — Octocoris alpestris, part; Eremophila alpestris chrysoUcma, part; Ereviophila cor- nuta;Otocoris alpestris rubea, part; Alauda alpestris; Phileremos cornutus, part; Otocorys chrysolccvta; Otocoris rufa. St.\TUS — Common resident west of the Sierran divide in suitable places from San Diego north to Marin County and Stockton. 271 (474 f) Otocoris alpestris rubea Henshaw. Ruddy Horned Lark. Syn. — Eremophila alpestris chiysolcrina, part; Otocoris rubea; Otocoris alpestris, part; Alauda rufa. Status — Common resident in the upper Sacramento Valley from Red Hluff south in winter to Stockton; casually to San Geronimo, Marin Count> . 272 (474 g, part) Otocoris alpestris strigata Henshaw. Streaked Horned I^ark. * Syn. — Otocorys strigata. Status — Common winter visitant irregularly south through the .Sacramento Valle}- to Stockton; casually to San Jose and Santa Barbara. 273 (474 i) Otocoris alpestris merrilli Dwight. Dusky Horned Lark. Syn. — Otocoris alpestris rubea, part; Otocoris alpestris leucolcrma. Status — Common in summer in the northeastern corner of the State (.a-^l of the Sierras; recorded south in winter irregularly to Lake Valley and Stockton. June, 1902. CHECK-LIvST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 45 274 (474 g, part) Otocoris insularis (Townsend) Grinnell. Island Horned Lark. Syn. — Otocoris alpestris insulafis; Phileremos contutus, part; Otocoris alpestris strigata, part; Otocoris alpestris rubea, part. Status — Common resident on the Santa Barbara Islands. 275 (475) Pica hudsonica (Sabine) Bonaparte. yVMERicAN Magpie. Syn. — Pica pica \ Pica nwlanoleuca var. hudsonica'. Pica pica titidsonica. Status — Conmion resident along the eastern border of the State east of the Sierras; re- corded north to Altnras and Shasta Vallej' and south to Mono Lake, 276 (476) Pica nuttalli Audubon. Yellow-billed Magpib;. SvN. — Pica nielanoleuca nuttalli; Pica caudata var. nuttalli; Cleptes nuttalli. Status — Common resident locally in Sonoran west of the Sierra Nevada, north to Red Bluff and south to Santa Paula, 277 (478, part) Cyanocitta stelleri carbonacea Grinnell. Coast Jay. Syn. — Cyauocitta stelleri, part,- Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis, part; Cyanura stellert, pavt. Status — Common resident of Transition south through the humid coast belt to the Santa Lucia Mountains in Southern Monterey County; in winter wanders a short distance into the interior valleys to the eastv.'ard. 278 (478 a) Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis (Ridgway) Boucard. Blue-fronted Jay, Syn. — Cyanocitta stelleri part; Cyanura stelleri, part; Cyanura stelleri frontalis. Status — Common resident of Transition along the whole length of the Sierras from Mount Shasta south through the Cuyamaca Mountains; occurs down into the valleys to the westward in winter. :279 (4S0) Aplielocoma woodhousei (Baird) Ridgway, WooDHOuss Jay. Status— Common resident along the desert ranges east of the Sierra Nevada; recorded south to the Coso Mountains and nortli to Chat. Lassen County. iSSo (4S7.) Aplielocoma californica californica (Vigors) Cabanis. California Jay. Syn. — Cyanocitta californica; Cyanocorax calif'ornicus; Carrulus calif ornicjis; Cyanocitta fioridana californica; Aplielocoma californica ohscura; C'arriilus ulirimarinus; Aphelo- comafloiHdana var. californica. Status — Abundant resident of Upj^er Sonoran wsl of the Sierras; ranges locally up into Transition. 46 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 281 (481.1) Aphelocoma insularis Henshaw. vSanta Cruz Island Jay. StaTdS — Common resident on Santa Cruz, Island. 282 (485) Perisoreiis obscurus obscurus (Ridgway) Sharpe. Oregon Jay. StaTDS — Fairly common resident in the humid coast Boreal in the extreme northwestern comer of the State; south to the vicinity of Mendocino, Mendocino County. 283 (485 a) Perisoreus obscurus griseus Ridgway. Gray Jay. Syn. — Perisoreus canadensis; Perisoreus obscurus^ part; Perisoreus canadensis var. obscurus. Status — Fairly common resident of the Boreal Zone in the Northern Sierras; recorded from Mount Shasta south to Summit, Placer Countv. 284 (486) Corvus corax sinuatus (Wagler) Ridgway. American Ravkn. Syn. — Corvus corax; Corvus carnivorns\ Corvus corax carnivorus; Corvus catatotl; Corvus cacalotl. Status — Common resident in southern California; especially numerous on the Santa Bar- bara Islands; rather rare north of the Tehachapi Mountains, though recorded north to Red Bluff and Humboldt Bav. 285 (487) Corvus cryptoleucus Couch. White-necked Raven. vStaTUS — Resident in southern California; recorded west to Fort Tejon and San P^emando* Valley. 286 (488) Corvus americanus hesperis Ridgway. California Crow. Syn. — Corvus americanus; Corvus frugivorus; Corvus canrinus; Corvus csst/ragus; Cor- vus americafius var. cauj-inus; Coro?ie americana. Status — Common resident locally in the interior valleys as well as coastwise... 287 (491) Nucifraga columbiana (Wilson) Audubcn. Clark Nutcracker. Syn. — Picicorvus cohinibianus. Status — Common resident in the pineries of the vSierras, chiefly in the Boreal Zone; re- corded from Mount Shasta to the San Bernardino Mountains, and casually in winter- west to Point Reyes. June, 1902. CHRCK-LIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 47 288 (492J Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus (Wied) Stejneger, PiNYON Jay. Syn. — Gytnnokitta cyanocephala. Status — Common resident of the desert ranges southeast of the Sierra'Nevada as well as locally along the whole length of the Sierras from Mount Shasta south to the San Ber- nardino Mountains; in winter occurs irregularly westward toward the coast (Pasa- dena, Pacific Grove), 289 (494) Doiichonyx oryzivorus (Linnaeus) Swainson. Bobolink. Status— Rare fall visitant; recorded from Monterey, Redwood City, and Mono I^ake. 290 (495) Molothrus ater ater (Boddaert) Gray. COWBIRD. Syn. — Molothrus pecoris; Icterus pecoris; Molothrus ater obscurus. Status — Common winter visitant to the southeastern comer of the State; west to the Cuy- amaca Mountains and north to Independence, Inyo County. 291 (497) Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonaparte) Jordan. Yellow-headed Blackbird. Syn. — Xanthocephalus icierocephalus\ Agelaius xanthocephalus; Xanthocephalus longipes. Status — Common resident locally in the interior valleys east of the humid coast belt. 292 (49S, part) Agelaius phoeniceus neutralis Ridgway. San Diego Red-winged Blackbird. Syn. — Agelaius phceniceus, part. Status — Common resident locally in the interior and southern parts of the State; breeds abundantly in the San Diegan district. 293 (498, part) Agelaius phceniceus caurinus Ridgway. Northwestern Red-winged Blackbird. Status — Recorded by R. Ridgway from Mendocino County in May. :294 (498 a) Agelaius phceniceus sonoriensis Ridgway. SoNORAN Red-winged Blackbird. Syn. — Agelaius phceniceus^ part; Agelaius phceniceus longirostris. Status — Common resident along the lower Colorado River in the southeastern comer of the State. 395 (499) Agelaius gubernator californicus Nelson. Bicolored Blackbird. Syn. — Agelaius phwnicetis gubernator; Agelaius gubernator. ST.A.TUS — Abundant resident locally in the interior valleys west of the Sierras, north to Cahto and Man-sville; recorded casually '^outh and east to San Diego and Owens Lake. 48 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 296 (500) Agelaius tricolor (Audubon) Bonaparte. Tricolored Bi^ackbird. Syn. — Icterus tricolor; Agelceus phoeniceus var. tricolor. Status— Common resident locally in the interior valleys west of the Sierras, north tc Shasta, east to Lake Tahoe, and south to San Diego. 297 (501 b) Sturnella magna neglecta (Audubon) Allen. Western Meadowi^ark. Syn. — Sturnella neglecta; Sturnella hippocrepus. Status— Abundant resident in suitable localities almost throughout the State. 298 (504) Icterus parisorum Bonaparte. Scott Oriole. Status — Fairly common summer visitant through the desert regions southeast of the Sierras; recorded as breeding east to San Diego and Walker Pass, and north to the Pana- mint Mountains; casually during migration to San Bernardino and Los Angeles. 299 (505 a) Icterus cucullatus nelsoni Ridgway. Arizona Hooded Oriole. Syn. — Icterus cucullatus. Status — Common summer visitant through the San Diegan district, northwest to Santa Barbara and east to Banning; one record beyond this district : Auburn, Placer County. 300 (508) Icterus bullocki (SwaJnsonj Bonaparte. Bullock Oriole. Syn. — Xanthornis bullocki; Yphantes bullocki. Status — Common summer yisitant in suitable localities below Boreal; breed's chiefly ir. Upper Sonoran. 301 (510) Scolecophagus cyanocephajus (Wagler) Cabanis. Brewer Blackbird. Syn. — Quiscalus mexicaiius; Scotecophagusmexicatius; Scolecophag7is Jerrugineus; Quis- calus purpureus. Status — Abundant resident below Boreal nearly throughout the State 302 (514 a) Cocccthraustes vespertinus montanus (Ridgway) Mearns. Western Evening Grosbeak. Syn. — Coccothraustes vespertinus; Hesperiphona vespertina; Hesperiphona vespertina montana. Status — Fairly common summer breeding bird in parts of the Boreal Zone on the Sierras. from Mount Shasta south at least to the Yosemite Valley; recorded elsewhere in mid- winter irregularly to the coast arud south as fat as Pasadena.. June, 1902. CHKCK-LIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 49 303 (515 b) Pinicola californica (Price) Grinnell. California Pine Grosbeak. Syn. — Pinicola canadensis; Pinicola enuclealor; Pinicola enucleator californica; Pinicola eniicleator var. canadensis. Status — Fairly common resident of the Boreal Zone on the central Sierra Nevada, north to Placer County and south to Fresno County. 304 (517 a) Carpodacus purpureas californicus Baird. California Purple Finch. Syn. — Carpodiicus purpuri'us; Erythrospiza purpurea; Carpodacus californicus. vStatus — Common resident of upper Sonoran and Transition west of the Sierras. 305 (518) Carpodacus cassini Baird. Cassin Purple Finch. Status — Common resident of the lower Boreal Zone along the Sierras, breeding from Mount Shasta south to Mount Waterman, Los Angeles County; also Inyo and White Mountains; casually in winter west to lyos Angeles and San Jose. 306 (519) Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis (Say) Ridgway. House Finch. Syn. — Carpodacus Jrontalis, part; Erythrospiza frotUalis; Carpodacus familiar is; Carpo- dacus rhodocolpus; Carpodacus frontalis rhodocolpus; Carpodacus mexicanus obscurus. ST.A.TUS — Abundant resident in suitable localities throughout the State; breeds chiefly below Transition. 307 (519 c) Carpodacus dementis Mearns. San Clemente House Finch. Syn. — Carpodacus frontalis, part; Carpodacus inexicamis dementis: Carpodacus tnexicanus frontalis, part. Status — Abundant re>^ident on all of the vSanta Barbara Islands. 308 (521a, part) Loxia curvirostra bendirei Ridgway. Sierra Crossbill. Syn. — Loxia curvirostra; Curvirostra ainericana; Loxia americana; Loxta curvirostra var. americana; Loxia curvirostra stricklandi; Loxia curvirostra minor. vStatus — Fairly common in summer locally on the central Sierra Nevada south to Mount Whitney; also in the coast Transition in the vicinity of Monterey; recorded in winter ir- regularly in the interior south as far as Pasadena. 309 (524) Leucosticte tephrocotis tephrocotis vSwainson. CiKAy-crow.nhi) Leucosticte. Status — Resident in upper Boreal locally along the Sierra Nevada from Mount Shasta south to Mount Whitnev; also on the White Mountains. 50 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 310 (528) Acanthis linaria linaria (Linna?us; Bonaparte & Schlegel. Redpoll. Status — Known only from the record by J. M. Vv iilard of its common occurrence in winter in the vicinity of Eagle Lake, Lassen County, 311 (529b) Astragalinus tristis salicamans (Grinnell) Ridgway. Willow Goldfinch. Syn. — Chrysomilrts tristis; Cardtielis tristis; Spin us tristis; Spinns Irisiis salicawians\ Astragalinus tristis. Status — Abundant resident locally in the valleys west of the vSierras; breeds chiefly in Upper Sonoran; recorded from Shasta Valley to San Diego, 312 (530) Astragalinus psaltria psaltxia (Say) Coues. Arkansas Goldfinch. Syn. — Chrysomitris psaltria; Spinus psaltria; Cardtielis psaltria; Chn'sontitris psaltria var. arizoncs; Astragalinus psaltria arizonce; Spinus psaltria arizoncs. vStatus- Abundant resident nearly throughout the State; breeds chieflfy below Transition.. 313 (53O Astragalinus lawrencei (Cas.sin) Coues. Lawrence Goldfinch. Syn. — Cardtielis larvrcficet; Chrysomitris laivrencei\ Spinus larvrencei. Status — Common but irregular summer visitant west of the Sierras north to Chico; occurs irregularly through the winter in the southern part of the State. 314 (533) Spinus piaus pinus (Wilson) Stejnegei:.. Pine Siskin. Syn. — Linaria pinus; Chrysomitris pinus. Status — Common in summer locally along the high Sierras south through the San Bernar- dino Mountains; also in the Santa Cruz district south past Monterey; in winter, irregular- ly distributed west of tlxe Sierras to the coast, south into vSan Diego County. 315 (540 a) Pocecetes gramineus confinis Baird. Western Vesper Sparrow., Syn. — Emheriza graminea; Zonotrichia graniinea, part; Pocecetcs granttneus. Status — Common winter visitant to southern California, recorded north to Paicines and Visalia west of the Sierras; recorded as summering in the valleys east of the Sierra. Nevada. 316 (540 b) Pooecetes graraineus aSinis Miller. Oregon Vesper Sparrow. Syn. — Zonotrichia graminea, part; Pooscetes gramineus conjinis, part. Status — Fairly common winter visitant south, west of the Sierras, into San Diego County. June, 1902. CHECK-LIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 51 317 (542) Ammodramus sandwichensis sandwichensis (Gmelin) Ridgway. Sandwich Sparrow. SvN. — Passerculus sandwichensis, part. Status — Rare midwinter visitant to the northern part of the State; recorded by R. C. McGregor from Battle Creek and Gridley. 318 (542 b) Ammodramus sandwichensis alaudinus (Bonaparte) Ridgway. Western Savanna Sparrow. Syn. — Passerculus sandzuichensis, part; Passerculus savanna; Antmodramus sandwicfiensis savanna; Emberiza savanna; Passerculus sandwtchensis alaudinus, part; Passerculus alaudinus; Passerculus savanna var. alaudinus. Status — Abundant winter visitant throughout the lower parts of the State; summers in the valleys e&st of the Sierra Nevada; recorded as breeding at Owens Lake. 319 (542 c) Ammodramus sandwichensis bryanti (Ridgway) Ridgway. Bryant Marsh Sparrow. Syn. — Passerculus sandwichensis, part; Passerculus anthinus, part; Passerculus sandzvich- ensis alaudinus, part; Passerculus savanna var. anthinus, part; Passerculus sa?idwichen- sis bryanti. Status — Abundant resident on the marshes of San Francisco and Monterey Bays; south in winter along the Coast as far as San Pedro. 320 (543) Ammodramus beldingi (Ridgway) Ridgway. Beldino Marsh Sparrow. Syn. — Passerculus sandtvichensis, part; Passerculus anthinus, part; Passerculus savanna var. anthinus, part; Passerculus beldingi; Ammodramus sandivichensis beldingi. Status — Abundant resident on the southern coast marshes from Port Harford south to National City. 321 (544) Ammcdramus rostratus rostratus (Cassia) Cassin, Large-billed Marsh Sparrow. Syn- — Passerculus rostratus-, Emberiza rostrata. Status — Common winter visitant along our southern seacoast from Santa Barbara to San Diego; said to pass the summer and breed within our limits, but definite records are lacking. 322 (546 a) Ammodramus savannarum bimacuiarus (Swainson) Grinnell. Western Grasshopper Sparrow. ^\'ii.— Emberiza passerina; Coturniculus passerinus; Colurniculus passerinus perpallidus; Ammodrantus savannarum perpallidus; Coturniculus savannarum bimaculatus. Status — Fairly common resident locally in the lower country west of the Sierras; north to Sacramento and south into San Diego County; more generally distributed tn winter. .323 (549.1) Ammodramus caudacutus nelsoni Allen. Nelson Sparrow. Syn. — Ammodramus caudacutus becki; Animodrauius nelsoni. Status — Known only from the two specimens taken by R. H. Beck at Milpitas, Santa Clara County, on Mav 6. i8qi. and January- 31, 1S96, respectively. 52 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 324 (552 a) Chondestes grammacus strigatus (Swainson) Ridgvvay. Western Lark Sparrow. %Syn. — Cho7idfstes grammaca; Zonotrichia granimaca\ Emberiza granitnaca. Status— Common resident of the Upper Sonoran Zone; most numerous in the interior valleys west of the Sierras. 325 (553) Zonotrichia querula (Nuttall) Gambel. Harris Sparrow. Status — Known only from the record by W. O. Emerson of a male specimen taken by him at Haywards, October 27, 1900. 326 (554) Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys (Forster) Swainson. White- CROWNKD Sparrow. Syn. — Zonotrichia leucophrys intermedia, part; Zonotrichia leucophrys \ar. gambeli, part. Status — Common summer visitant along the higher Sierra Nevada from Mount Shasta south to Mount Whitney; occurs in southern California during migration. 327 (554 a) Zonotrichia leucophrys gambeli (Nuttall) Coucs. Intermediate Sparrow. Syn. — Zonotrichia leucophrys intermedia, part; Zonotrichia gambeli intermedia; Zono- trichia leucophrys, ^^art; Zonotrichia intermedia; Zonotrichia gambeli, part; Fringilla leucophrys; Fringilla gambeli. Status — Abvmdant winter visitant throughout the vState below Transition; elsewhere during migration. 328 (554 b) Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli Ridgway. Nuttalt. Sparrow. Syn. — Zonotrichia leucophrys gambeli, part; Zonotrichia leucophrys, part; Zonotrichia gambeli, part. Status — Common resident of the narrow humid coast belt south through the Santa Cruz district at least to Point Sur; in winter occurs a few miles further inland, and casually southward as far as Los Angeles. 329 (557) Zonotrichia coronata (Pallas) Baird. Golden-crowned Sparrow. Syn. — Fringilla aurocapitla; Zonotrichia aurocapilla', Zonotrichia alricapilla. Status — Common winter visitant almost everywhere west of the Sierras, south to San Diego. 330 (55>^) Zonotrichia albicollis (Gnielin) Swainson. White-throated Sparrow. Status — Rather rare winter visitant west of the Sierras; thirteen specimens recorded, from Santa Rosa and Stockton south to Los Angeles. 331 (559 a) Spizella monticola ochracea Brewster. Western Tree Sparrow. Status — Known only from the record of its capture by J. Feilner at Fort Crook in the northeastern comer of the State presumably in winter. June, 1902. CHECK-UST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 53 332 (560 a) Spizella socialis arizonee Coues. Wkstern Chipping vSparrow. Syn. — Spizella socialis; Eniberiza socialis; Spizella domesiica arizonce. Status — Common summer visitant nearly throughout the State, breeding from Upper Sonoran to Boreal; winters to a limited extent in the San Diegan district. 333 (562) Spizella breweri Cassin. Brewer Sparrow. Syn. — Eniberiza pallida; Spizella pallida; Spizella pallida var. breweri. Status — Common summer visitant to the more arid foothill regions of the interior chiefly along the southern Sierras; more generally distributed during migration; re- corded west of the Sierras to Santa Barbara and Sacramento; winters irregularly in the vSan Diegan district (Los Angeles County). 334 (565) Spizella atrogularis (Cabanis) Baird. Black-chinned Sparrow. Status — Common summer visitant to the arid foothill regions of the southern Sierras and desert ranges, north to Owens Valley, Walker Basin, and Cahuenga Valley, Los Angeles County; recorded casually to Alameda and Monterey Counties. 335 (567; Junco hyemalis hyemalis (Linnieus) Sclater Slate-colored Junco. STATt's — Rather rare but seemingly regular winter visitant; the fifteen or more points of capture are pretty evenly distributed through the State south to San Diego. 336 (567 a) Junco hyemalis oregonus (Townseud) Ridgway. Oregon Junco. Syn.— y««fo oregonus, part; Junco oreganus oreganus. Status — Common winter visitant to the northern part of the State west of the Sierra Nevada, south along the coast belt regttlarly to the San Francisco Bay region; recorded south casually as far as Pasadena in midwinter. 337 (567 b) Junco hyemalis shufeldti Coale. Shufeldt Junco. ^\ii .—Junco oreganus shufeldti. Status — According to R. Ridgway, an occasional winter visitant to northern and eastern California (Humboldt Bay, Shasta County, etc.). 338 (567 c) Junco hyemalis thurberi Anthony. Sierra Junco. ^\ti.— Junco oregonus, part; Junco hyemalis oregonus, part; Junco oreganus thurberi; Struthus oregonus, part; Fringilla hudsonia. Status — Common summer breeding species in the Transition and Boreal Zones along the whole length of the Sierras; scatters in winter nearly throughout the State. 54 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA. N0.3 339 '>^567 d) Junco hyemalis pinosus (Ivoomis) A. O. U. Committee. Point Pinos Junco. Syn. — Struthtis oregonus, part; Fringilla hyemalis; Junco pinosus; Junco oregonus, part; Junco hyemalis oregonus., part; Junco oreganus pinosus. Status — Common resident of the Santa Cruz district, breeding from King Mountain, San Mateo County, south at least to Point Sur, Monterey County; wanders eastward in winter into the Santa Clara and San Benito Valleys. 340 (569) Junco caaiceps fWoodhouse) Baird. Gray-headed Junco. Status — Known only from the record of a female specimen taken by W. B. Judson near Pasadena, October 26, 1894. 341 (573 s) Amphispiza bilineata deserticola Ridgway. Desert Black-throated Sparrow. Syn. — Amphispiza bilineala; Poospiza bilineata. Status — Common summer visitant to the desert regions of southeastern California (Lower Sonoran); recorded north through Owens Valley to Alvord and west casually to Pasadena. 342 (574) Amphispiza belli belli (Cassin) Coues. Bell Sparrow. Syn. — EmbeHza belli; Amphispiza belli clementea; Poospiza belli, part. Status — Common resident locally west of the Sierras (in Upper Sonoran); recorded north to Nicasio (Marin County), Sonoma and Consumnes River. 343 (574 a) Amphispiza belli nevadensis (Ridgway) Coues. Sage Sparrow. Syn. — Poospiza belli var. nevadensis; Poospiza belli, part; Aviphispiza nevadensis. Status — Common resident in the desert regions of southeastern California, breeding in the arid Upper Sonoran and Transition east of the Sierras; recorded north to Mono Lake, and in winter west into the San Diegan district (Riverside, San Bernardino, and vicinity of Los Angeles. 344 (580) Aimophila ruficeps ruficeps (Cassin) Ridgway. Rufous-crowned Sparrow. Syn. — Am,modramus ruficeps; Peuca?a ruficeps. Status — Fairly common resident locally west of the Sierras from San Diego County north to Nicasio, Marin County, and Colfax, Placer County; breeds only in Upper vSonoran. 345 (581 a) Melospiza cinerea fallax (Baird) Ridgway. Desert Song Sparrow. Syn. — Melospiza fallax , part; Melospiza melodia fallax . Status — Common resident in the extreme southeastern corner of the State along the valley of the lower Colorado River. June, 1902. CHECK-UST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 55 346 (581 b) Melospiza cinerea montana (Henshaw) Ridgway. Mountain Song Sparrow. Syn. — Melospiza melodia montana, part; Melospiza fallax , part; Melospiza fasciata var. fallax; Melospiza fasciata montana; Melospiza melodia var. heermanni, part; Melospiza fasciata. Status — Common in summer along the eastern border of the State on the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada from Mount Shasta to Mono Lake; descends in winter to the valleys to the west and south (Haywards, Palo Alto, Fort Tejon, Death Valley, etc.). 347 (581 k) Melospiza cinerea merrilli (Brewster) Ridgway. Merrill Song Sparrow. Syn. — Melospiza fasciata ingersolli; Melospiza melodia montafta, part. Status — Winter Visitant into northern California east of the humid coast belt; recorded south' to Saint Helena, Battle Creek, and Enterprise; stated by R. Ridgway to breed in Shasta County. 348 (58x6, part) Melospiza cinerea morphna (Oberholser) Ridgway. Rusty Song Sparrow. Syn. — Melospiza melodia morphna\ Melospiza fasciata guttata, part; Melospiza rufina; Melospiza fasciata rufina. Status — Winter visitant southwest of the Sierras as far as Fort Tejon; recorded from the Sierran foothills to the coast. 349 (58x6, part) Melospiza cinerea phasa Fisher. Oregon Song Sparrow. Syn. — Melospiza fasciata guttata, part. Status — Common winter visitant south into the northern humid coast belt (Crescent City) ; casually to the San Francisco Bay region. 350 (S'^^i d, part) Melospiza cinerea cleonensis (McGregor) Ridgway. Mendocino Song Sparrow. Syn. — Melospiza fasciata samuelis, part; Melospiza melodia cleonensis. vStatus— Common resident in the northern humid coast belt (Del Norte, Humboldt and Mendocino Counties). 351 (581 d, part) Melospiza cinerea gouldi (Baird) Grinnell. Marin Song Sparrow. Syn. — Melospiza fasciata samuelis, part; Melospiza gouldi; Melospiza cinerea samuelis, part. Status— Common resident along the freshwater streams of Marin and Sonoma Counties. 352 (581 d, part) Melospiza cinerea samuelis (Baird) Ridgway. Samuels Song Sparrow. Syn. — Ammodramus samuelis; Melospiza fasciata samuelis, part; Melospiza melodia samuelis, part. Status — Abundant resident on the salt marshes along the north side of San Francisco Bay from Larkspur, Marin County, to Vallejo, Solano County; also on the south side of San Pablo Bay, at Selby and Pinole, Contra Costa County. 56 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA. N0.3 353 (581 c, part) Melospiza cinerea heermanni (Baird) Ridgway. H HERMANN SONG SpARROW. Syn. — Melospiza heermafini, part; Melospiza melodia hecrvianni, part; Melospiza fasciata heermanni, part; Zonotrichia guttata. Status — Abundant resident along the streams of the San Joaquin-Sacramento Basin from Battle Creek, Shasta County, south to Fort Tejon; west through the Suisun marshes to Benicia and Port Costa. 354 (581 d, part) Melospiza cinerea santaecrucis (Grinnell) Grinnell. Santa Cruz Song Sparrow. Syn. — Melospiza melodia santcEcrucis\ Melospiza cinerea samtielis, part; Melospiza melodia samuelis, part; Melospiza fasciata samuelis, part; Melospiza fasciata heermanni, part; Melospiza tnelodia heermanni, part. Status — Common resident along fresh water streams of the Santa Cruz district from San Francisco south to Sur River, Monterey County; also east through the Santa Clara Val- ley to the streams flowing west from the Mount Hamilton Range, and north to Berkeley. 355 (581 c, part) Melospiza cinerea cooperi (Ridgway) Ridgway. San Diego Song Sparrow. Syn. — Melospiza melodia cooperi; Melospiza heermanni, part; Melospiza fasciata samuelis, part; Melospiza fasciata heermantii, part; Melospiza melodia heermanni, part; Melospiza fasciata graminea, part; Melospiza fasciata cooperi. Status — Common resident in the San Diegan district, northwest at least to Santa Barbara. 356 (581 d, part) Melospiza pusillula (Ridgway) Grinnell. Salt Marsh Song Sparrow. Syn. — Melospiza fasciata pusillula; Melospiza melodia pusillula: Melospiza cinerea pusillula; Melospiza samuelis; Melospiza melodia gouldi; Melospiza fasciata samuelis, part. Status— Abundant resident on the salt marshes of the south arm of San Francisco Bay, from West Berkeley around to South San Francisco. 357 (581 ti) Melospiza graminea (Townsend) Grinnell. Santa Barbara Song Sparrow. Syn. — Melospiza heermanni, part; Melospiza cinerea graminea; Melospiza jasciata graminea, part. Status — Common resident on Santa Barbara and Santa Cruz Islands. 358 (581 i) Melospiza clementae (Townsend) Grinnell. San Clementk Song Sparrow. Syn. — Melospiza fasciata clementce; Melospiza melodia clcmrnla-; Melospiza cinerea clementce; Melospiza heermanni^ part. Status — Common resident on San Clemente, San Miguel and Santa Rosa Islands. June, 1902. CHECK-LIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 57 359 (583) Melospiza lincolni lincolni (Audubon) Eaird. Lincoln Sparrow. Syn. — Peuccca lincolni. Status — Common winter visitant to the lowlands of the southern and interior parts of the State; remains through the summer and breeds sparingly along the high Sierras from Mount Shasta, south to near Mount Whitney; occurs elsewhere as a migrant. 360 (583 a; Melospiza lincolni striata Brewster. F'oRBUSH Sparrow. Syn. — Melospiza lincolni, part. Status — Fairly common winter visitant south through the coast belt to the San Francisco Bay region; also to the northward in the interior (Battle Creek and Saint Helena). 361 (585) Passerella iliaca iliaca (Merrem) Swainson. F\)x-coLORED Sparrow. vStatus — Rare midwinter visitant west of the Sierras; definitely recorded from Oakland, Poway and Saticoy. 362 (585 a. part) Passerella iliaca unalaschcensis (Gmelinj Ridgway. Shumagin Fox Sparrow. vStatus — Rare winter visitant into the San Diegan district (Pasadena, December 12). 3^3 (585 a, part) Passerella iliaca insularis Ridgway. Kadiak Fox Sparrow. '^\y.. Passerella iltaca toivnsendi\ Passerella unalaschcensis; Passerella iliaca unalasch. censis, part; Passerella tozunsendi; Zonotrichia townsendi. Status — Common winter visitant west of the Sierras (excepting the Santa Cruz district), south to San Diego and vSanta Catalina Island. 364 (585 a, part) Passerella iliaca meruloides (Vigors) Grinnell. Yakutat Fox Sparrow. ^TiW-ii.— Passerella iliaca annectens; Passerella iliaca unalaschcensis, part; Fringilla merul. oides. Status — Common winter visitant south along the humid coast belt through the Santa Cruz district. 365 (^585 a, part) Passerella iliaca townsendi (Audubon) Coues. Townsend F'ox Sparrow. Status — Winter visitant into the northern humid coast belt; recorded by R. Ridgway from Humboldt Bay and Bodega. 366 (585 a, part) Passerella iliaca fuliginosa Ridgway. Sooty Fox Sparrow. Syn. — Passerella iliaca unalaschcensis, part. Status — Apcurding to R. Ridgway, south in winter along the humid coast belt to San Francisco. 58 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA. N0.3 367 (585 c) Passerella iliaca schistacea (Baird) Allen. Slate-colored Sparrow. Syn. — Passerella schistacea, part; Passerella townsendi var. schistacea. Status — Fairly common in summer in the mountains along the eastern border of the State east of the Sierra Nevada, south to White Mountains; sparingly in winter in the valleys west of the Sierras (Murphys south to Poway). 368 (585 b) Passerella iliaca megarhyncha (Baird) Ridgway. Thick-billed Fox Sparrow. Syn. — Passerella schistacea, part; Passerella megarhyncha, part; Passerella schistacea var. megarhyncha, part. Status — Common in summer along the Sierra Nevada CBoreal), breeding from Mount Shasta south to Mount Whitney; winters commonly in the San Diegan district nortli to Fort Tejon, casually to Mariu County. 369 (585 d) Passerella iliaca Stephens! Anthony. Stephens Fox Sparrow. Syn. — Passerella megarhyncha, part; Passerella schistacea var. megarhyncha, part; Passer- ella iliaca megarhyncha, part. Status — Common in summer on the southern Sierras (Boreal), from the Tejon Mountains south to the San Jacinto Mountains; recorded in winter only from Santa Catalina Island. 370 (588 a+d) Pipilo maculatus megalonyx (Baird) Coues. Spurred Towhee. Syn. — Fringilla arctica; Pipilo arcticus; Pipilo megalonyx, part; Pipilo erythrophthalmus oregonus; Pipilo maculatus oregonus, part; Pipilo maculatus atratus. Status — Common resident of Upper Sonoran and Transition east and south of the humid coast belt nearly throughout the State (except Santa Barbara Islands). 371 (588 b, part) Pipilo maculatus falcifer McGregor. San Francisco Towhee. Syn. — Pipilo maculatus oregonus, part; Pipilo maculatus megalonyx, ■pa.rt; Pipilo orcgonus\ Pipilo megalonyx, part. Status — Common resident in the humid coast belt from Mendocino County south to south- ern Monterey County, including the San Francisco Baj- region. 372 (588 b, part) Pipilo maculatus oregonus (Bell) Coucs. Oregon Towhee. Status — Common resident in the northern coast belt (vicinity of Hunil»oldt Bay aiid north- ward). 373 (588 c) Pipilo clementae Grinnell. San Clemente Towhee. Syn. — Pipilo maculatus clementcs; Pipilo maculatus megalonyx, \>ax\.\ Pipilo maculalus oregonus, part; Pipilo megalonyx, part. ^ Status — Common resident on San Clemente, Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa and Santa Catalina Islands. June, 1902. CHECK-IvIST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 59 374 (591 b+d) Pipllo crissalis crissalis (Vigors) Gray. California Towhee. Syn. — Fringilla crissalis; Pipilo/uscus, part; Pipilo crissalis, part; Pipilo fuscus crissalis, part; Pipilo/uscus carolce; Pipilo crissalis carolcs. Status — Abundant resident of the Upper Sonoran Zone west of the Sierra Nevada south to about latitude 35°; north to Shasta Valley. 375 (591 c) Pipilo crissalis senicula (Anthony) Ridgway. Anthony Towhee. Syn. — Piptlo fuscus senicula; Pipilo/uscus crissalis, -part; Pipilo/uscus, part; Pipilo cris- salis, part. Status — Abundant resident below Transition in the San Diegan district, north to southern end of Salinas Valley (Paso Robles). 376 (592; Pipilo aberti Baird. Abert Towhee. St.\tus — Fairly common resident locally in the desert within the southeastern corner of the State, from Fort Yuma west to Salton and Indio. 377 (592. 1 ) Oreospiza ciilorura (Audubon) Ridgway. Green-tailed Towhee. Syn. — Eii.'berm\ora chlunira; Embernagra blandingiana; Pipilo chlorurus; Ailapetes chlorurus. Status — Common summer visitant along the higher Sierras and desert ranges from Mount Shasta south to the San Bernardino Mountains; winters sparingly in the southern part of the San Diegan District; casual during migration west of the Sierras to San Jose. 378 C594) Pyrrhuloxia siuuata sinuata Bonaparte. Arizona Pyrrhuloxia. Status — Recorded only from Fort Yuma on the California side of the lower Colorado River. 379 (595) Zamelodia ludoviciana (Linna?u.s) Coues. Rose-bkeasted Grosbeak. Status — Several specimens secured by C. H. Gilbert and party at Meyers, Humboldt County, July i, 1S97; portions of these specimens are still preserv^ed and re-examination confirms the original record as made by R. B. McLain; also an immature male specimen is at hand secured by M. F. Oilman at Palm Springs, Riverside County, September 10, 1897. 380 (596) Zamelodia molanccephala (Swsinson) Coues. Black-headed Grosbeak. S\'N. — (iuiraca )nelaiioccphala; Zamelodia melanocephala capitalts; Zainelodia viclano- cephala microrhyncha; Habia melanocephala; Hedymeles nielanocephalus; Hedytncles melanocephalus var. capitalis; Coniaphca melanocephala. Status — Common summer visitant nearly throughout the State below Boreal; breeds most abundantly in Upper Sonoran. 6o PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA. N0.3 381 (597 a) Guiraca caerulea lazula (lycsson) Ridgway. Western Blue Grosbeak. Syn. — Guiraca carulea; Guiraca ccerulea eurhyncha; Coccoborus cceruleus. Status — Common summer vistant locally through the Lower Sonoran Zone, breeding north into Owens Valley and through the San Joaquin-Sacramento Basin to Marysville; casually to Pitt River and Santa Cruz in spring. 382 (599) Cyanospiza amcena (Say) Baird. Lazuli Bunting. Syn. — Spiza amcena; Passerina amcena. Status — Common summer visitant in suitable localities nearly throughout the State below Boreal. 383 (605) Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger. Lark Bunting. Sys.—Ca/a7nospiza bicolor. Status — Of irregular occurrence in southern California; recorded as breeding in the vicin- ity of San Diego and during migration northwest to Newhall, Los Angeles Coimty. 384 (607) Piranga ludoviciana (Wilson) Richardson. Western Tanager. Status — Common summer visitant along the entire length of the Sierras, breeding chiefly in Transition; common during migration nearly throughout the vState. 385 (611 a) Progne subis hesperia Brewster. Western Martin. Syn. — Progne subis; Progne purpurea; Progne chalybea. Status — Fairly common migrant and summer visitant locally, nesting chiefly in the Trans- ition Zone. 386 (612) Petrochelidon lunifrons (Say) Cassin. Cliff Swallow. Syn. — Hirundo lunifrons; Hirundo fulva; Petrochelidon pyrrhonota . Status — Abundant summer visitant locally throughout the vState. 387 (613, part) Hirundo erythrogastra palmeri Grinnell. Western Barn Swallow. Syn. — Hirundo erythrogastra; Chelidon erythrogaster ; Hirundo horreoruni; Hirundo rufa. Status — Common migrant and summer visitant in suitable localities nearly throughout the State; breeds most numerously coastwise and northerly. 388 (614) Tachycineta bicolor (Vieillot) Cabanis. Tree Swallow. 3yn. — Chelidon bicolor; Hirundo bicolor; Hirundo Incolo)- \-Ar. vespertina. Status — Common in summer in favorable localities west of the Sierras, breeding chiefl}' in Upper Sonoran; quite extensively distributed during spring and fall; winters regularly, but in small numbers. June, 1902. CHECK-IvLST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 6r 389 (615) Tachycineta lepida Mearns. V101.ET-GREEN Swallow. SvN. — Hirundo thalassina; Tachycineta thalassina. Status — Common in spring and fall throughout the State; passes the summer and breeds in the Transition Zone nearly throughout its extent. 390 (616) Clivicola riparia (Unnseus) Stejneger. Bank Swallow. Syn. — Cotylc riparia. Status — Common summer visitant in suitable localities; more generally distributed during migration. 391 (617) Stelgidopteryx ruficollis serripennis (Audubon) Bangs. Rough-winged Swallow. Syn. — Cotyle serripennis; Stelgidopteryx serripennis. Status — Fairly common summer visitant below Transition, mostly east and south of the humid coast belt. 392 (618) Ampelis garrulus (Linnaeus) Linnaeus. Bohemian Waxwing. Status — Known to have occurred only in February, 1892, in the northeastern corner of the State, whence many were recorded from Susanville and Quincy. 393 (619) Ampelis cedrorum (Vieillot) Gray. Cedar Waxwing. Statu.s — Common winter visitant irregularly through Upper and Lower Sonoran, remain- ing as late as June, but not known to breed within the State. 394 (620) Phainopepla nitens (Swainson) Sclater. Phainopepla. vS vx . — Flilogonys nitens. Status — Common resident in the desert regions southeast of the Sierras, and in summer through the San Diegan district, breeding altogether in the Lower Sonoran Zone; record- ed north casually to San Jose, Chico and Marysville. 395 (621, part) Lanius borealis invictus Grinnell. Northwestern vShrike. Syn. — Lanius septentrionalis; Collurio borealis; Laniiis borealis. Status — Fairly common midwinter visitant irregularly into northern California; recorded south to Nicasio, Marysville and Calaveras County. 396 (622 a) Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides (Swainson) Coues. WnrTE-RUMPED Shrike. Syn. — Lanius ludovicianus gawbcli , part; Collyrio excubitoroides, part. Statu.s — Common resident east of the Sierras chiefly below Transition, from Shasta Valley and Plumas County south to P'ort Yuma and Indio; casually west of the Sierras in winter ( Pasadena K 62 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 3 397 (622 b) Lanius iudovicianus gambeli Ridgway. California Shrike. Syn. — Collyrio exciibiioroides, part; Lanius Iudovicianus excubitorides, part; Collurio Iudovicianus, part; Lanius Iudovicianus; Lanius excubitorides; Collurio Iudovicianus var. excubitoroides; Lanius elegans, part. Status — Common resident west of the Sierras chiefly below Transition; recorded from Red Bluff south to San Diego. 398 (622 c) Lanius anthonyi (Mearns) Grinncl!. Island Shrike. Syn. — Lanius Iudovicianus anthonyi; Lanius Iudovicianus gambeli, part; Collyrio excub- itoroides, part; Collurio Iudovicianus, part. Status — Fairly common resident on San Clemen te, Santa Catalina and Santa Cruz Islands. 399 (625) Vireo fiavoviridis (Cassin) Baird. Yellow-green Vikeo. Status — Known only from the record by W. W. Price of a specimen taken in the Santa Ana River bottom near Riverside, October i, 1887. 400 (627, part) Vireo gilvus swainscni (Baird; Ccucs. Vv'esteka" Warbling Vjrjcq. Syn. — Vireo gilvus; Vireo s~aiainsoni\ Vireosylvia S'U'airisoiii; Vireosylvia gilva stvain- soni; Vireosylvia gilva. Status — Common summer visitant, breeding throiigii Upper Sonoran and Transition: generally distributed elsewhere durir.g migration. 401 (629 a) Vireo solitarius cassini (Xantus) Henshcnv. Cassin Vireo. Syn. — Vireo solitarius; Vireo cassini; Vireosylvia soliiaria; Latiivireo solitarius; Lani- vireo solitarius var. cassifii; Lani vireo cassini. Status— Common summer visitant tlirough Transition, ])reeding chieily along the vSiernis:. elsewhere dviring migration. 402 (629 b) Vireo solitarius plumbeus (Coues) Alien. Plumbeous Vireo. Status — Known only from the record by H. \V. Henshaw of a specimen secured in the- Tejon Mountains, August i, 1875. 403 (632) Vireo huttoni huttoni Cassiu. HuTTON Vireo. Syn. — Vireo huttoni obscurus. Status — Common resident through Upper Sonoran and Transition west of the vSiemis, from Siskiyou County south to San Diego. June, 1902. CHECK-IJvST OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS 63 404 (633 a, part) Vireo pusillus albatus Grinnell. California Least Vireo. Syn. — Vireo belli; Vireo pusillus; Vireo belli pusillus. Status — Common summer visitant through Lower Sonoran, breeding north in the San Joaquin-Sacraniento Valley to Sacramento. 405 (634) Vireo vicinior Cones. Gray Vireo. Syn. — Vireo vicinior califoniicus. Status — Fairly common summer visitant to the foothills (Lower Sonoran ? ) along the San Bernardino Mountains, north to Cajon Pass. 406 (636) Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus) Vieillot. Black-and- White Warbler. Status — Rare migrant; three records: male taken by W. O. Emerson on Farallone Island, May 28, 1887; specimen taken by H. A. Gaylord at Pasadena, October 8, 1895; male taken by W. O. Emerson at Carmel River, Monterej' County, September 8, 1901. 407 (645 a) Helminthophiia rubricapilla gutturalis (Ridgway) Ridgway. Calaveras Warbler. Syn. — Helminthophaga riificapilla; Helminthophaga ruficapilla var. gutturalis; Hel- minthophiia ruficapilla gutturalis. Status — Common summer visitant along the Sierra Nevada (Boreal) from Mount Shasta south to vicinity of Mount Whitney; fairly common migrant through tlie San Diegan district, north casually to Paicines, San Benito County. 408 (646) Helminthophiia celata celata (Say) Ridgway. Orange-crowned Warbler. Status— Known only from the records by H. S. Swarth of its occurrence as a regular fall migrant at Los Angeles and Pasadena (September 17 to October 30). 409 (646 a) Helminthophiia celata lutescens (Ridgway) Brewster, LuTKscENT Warbler. Syn, — Helminthophaga celata, part; Hclinaia celata\ Veniii7 Toxostoma crissalis Henry. Cris.sal Thrasher. Syn. — Harporhynchus crissalis. Status — Resident locally in the Colorado Desert, from Fort Yuma northwest to Pah Springs. 68 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA. N0.3 441 (713) Heleodytes brunneicapillus brunneicapillus (Lafresne) Fisher. Cactus Wren. S^-ss.—Campy/orhyncfius brunneicapillus; Carnpylorhynchus couest; Heleodytes brunnei- capillus bryanti. Status— Common resident of Lower Sonoran in southern California on both sides of the Sierras, north to Ventura County, Kernville and Owens Valley. 442 (715) Salpinctes obsoletus (Say) Cabanis. Rock Wren. Syn. — Troglodytes obsoletus. Status— Common resident locally east of the humid coast belt, including the Farallones and part of the Santa Barbara Islands; more generally distributed in winter. 443 ( ) Salpinctes pulverius (Grinnell) Grinnell. San Nicolas Rock Wren. Sva. —Salpinctes obsoletus, part; Salpinctes obsoletus pulverius. Status — Common resident on San Nicolas and San Clemente Islands. 444 (717 a) Catherpes mexicanus conspersus Ridgway. Canyon Wren. Status— Fairly common resident among the desert ranges southeast of the Sierra Nevada, north to Mono Lake. 445 (717 b) Catherpes mexicanus punctulatus Ridgway. Dotted Canyon Wren. Syn. Catherpes mr.vicatius conspersus, part; Catherpes mexicanus; Troglodytes mexi- canus. Status— Fairly common resident locally west of the Sierran divide, chiefly along the west slope of the Sierras (Transition); sparingly in the coast ranges north to Mount Diablo and Mount Saint Helena. 446 (719 a, part) Thryoraanes bewicki spilurus (Vigors) Ridgway. Vigors Wren. Syt^ .— Troglodytes spilurus; Troglodytes bccvicki, part; Tlirvot horns beTviclci spilurus, part; Thryothorus beivicki, part. Status — Common resident in the humid coast belt from southern Monterey County north to Mendocino County, east to include the San Francisco Bay region. 447 (719 a. P^rt) Thryomanes bewiclri drymoecus Oberholser. vSan Joaquin Wren. Syn. — Thryomatics bewicki, part; Thryothorus beivicki, jrirt; Thryothorus bewicki spilurus, part; Thryomanes beivicki spilurus, part; Thryothorus spilurus, i)art; Trog- lodytes bewicki var. spilurus. STATUS— Common resident through the San Joaquin-Sacramento basin, chiefly in Upper Sonoran and Transition, from the Tejon Mountains north to Shasta County, and west to the coast in the vicinity of vSanta Barbara County, casual in winter to Barstow and Pasadena. June, 1902. CHECK-IJST OF CATJFORNIA BIRDS 69 448 (719 d) Thryomanes bewicki charienturus Oberholser. San Diego Wren. Syn. — Troj^lodytes he-vicki, ^2lX\.\ Thryothorus bewicki, part; Thryothorus spilurus, part; Thryothorus bewicki spilurus, part; Thryothorus bervicki bait'di, part. Status — Common resident in Upper Sonoran and Transition in the San Diegan district, northwest to Ventura County, including Santa Catalina Island. 449 (719 b, part) Thryomanes bewicki eremophilus Oberholser. Desert Wren. SvN. — Thryothorus bewicki bairdi, part. Status — Fairly common resident along the desert ranges southeast of the Sierra Nevada (White Mountains, Argus Range, etc.). 450 (719 a, part) Thryomanes nesophilus (Oberholser) Orinnell. Santa Cruz Island Wren. ^Y^.— 'Ihryonianes bewicki nesophilus; Thryomanes bewicki spilurus, part; Thryothorus bezvicki bairdi, part. Status — Fairly common resident on Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands. 451 (7 19. 1) Thryomanes leucophrys (Anthony) A. O. U. Committee. San Cr.EMENTE Wren. Syn. — 'Thryothorus hezi'icki, ■pa.rV, Thryothorus be