FOR THE PEOPLE
FOR EDVCATION j
FOR SCIENCE

LIBRARY

OF

THE AMERICAN MUSEUM

OF

NATURAL HISTORY

/'Bound at^

i U U II

COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB

PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA
NUMBER 10

WfolOlaf^

A DISTRIBUTIONAL LIST OF THE
BIRDS OF ARIZONA

BY

HARRY S. SWARTH

CONTRIBUTION FROM THE MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY
OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA

Published by the Club
May 25, 1914

Edited by

JOSEPH GRINNELI.

and
HARRY S. SWARTH

at the

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology

University of California

NOTE

Pacific Coast Avifauna No. io is the tenth in a series of publications is-
sued by the Cooper Ornithological Club for the accommodation of papers whose
length prohibits their appearance in The Condor.

The publications of the Cooper Ornithological Club consist of two series—
The Condor, which is the bi-monthly official organ, and the Pacific Coast Avi-
fauna.

For information as to either of the above series, address one of the Club Busi-
ness Managers, J. Eugene Law, Hollywood. California, or W. Lee Chambers,
Eagle Rock, California.

CONTENTS

Introduction 5

Acknowledgments 7

Distributional List of the Birds of Arizona 9

Hypothetical List 8i

An Analysis of the Avifauna of Arizona 85

Map of Life Zones facing 91

I bibliography 94

Index 120

1914

INTRODUCTION

The beginning of this list of the birds of Arizona dates back about eleven
years, to a time when the author was engaged in field work in that state. A hasty
compilation was made of a few local lists, and the manuscript carried in the field
as a guide and aid in making observations and collections. This beginning proved
an incentive to the gathering of further data, and shortly after, the opportunity
presenting itself for visiting more extensive libraries than had hitherto been
available, a careful and systematic search was made through the literature deal-
ing with the ornithology of Arizona. The resulting information was filed away
and added to as chance offered, but more pressing work and other interests inter-
fered to prevent the whole from being put into shape for publication. Further-
more it soon became evident that while a fairly long list of species could be com-
piled as occurring within the state, the published information concerning a large
proportion of them was scanty and fragmentary. The writer had hoped to be in
a position to continue field work in certain little known sections of the state, where
undoubtedly there is much to be added to our knowledge of the birds, but this
contingency became more and mure improbable, and under the circumstances it
seemed advisable to publish the list as it now stands.

It is hoped that as far as it goes this list will be found to be fairly accurate.
Pertinent literature has been gone over with care, and it is doubtful if any im-
portant publication has been overlooked. At the same time it can hardly be
doubted but that there are in collections specimens whose existence will modify
many of the statements made here, and it is also highly probable that there are
active collectors who have many unpublished records in their notes which would
also occasion changes. Available collections and collectors' notes, however, have
been made use of wherever possible.

The aim of the present publication is to give a list of the species of birds oc-
curring in Arizona, with a synonymy of the names applied, as regards their oc-
currence within the state, and a brief but comprehensive outline of the manner
of occurrence. The latter, it is hoped, is in each case as clear and accurate as the
present state of our knowledge permits. An effort has been made to give a gen-
eral statement outlining the range and manner of occurrence, supplemented by
the citation of authorities for extreme or unusual instances. Exact dates have
been given only for the rarest species, those of which but a few specimens have
been recorded. The synonymy consists of those names by which the species has
been known in literature pertaining to Arizona ornithology.

Thus the general manner of treatment is closely similar to that followed by
Grinnell in his Check-List of California Birds* the main difference lying in the
greater elaboration of detail in the outlining of ranges, and the numerous cita-
tions of authorities, in the present publication.

The order, and in general the nomenclature, of the American Ornithologists'
Union Check-List, has been followed. Where there is disagreement from this

Grinnell, J., Check-List of California Birds. Pacific Coast Avifauna, no. 3, 1902, pp. 1-92, 2 pis.

6 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA Xo. 10

standard it is usually in cases where the author's personal experience leads him to
a different view ; but there are one or two instances ( such as with the group of
Juncos) where the conclusions of some specialist, at variance with the Check-List,
are so closely in accord with observations of the author's ( in themselves perhaps
insufficient to warrant outspoken disagreement j, that thi^ worker's treatment of
the group is accepted in its entirety.

The expedition conducted by the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology
down the Colorado River from Needles to Yuma in the early spring of 1910,
furnished much valuable information in regard to the manner of occurrence of
many species of birds. An apparent inconsistency may be noticed in the citations
of certain of these records, inasmuch as some of them pertaining to occurrences
on the California side of the river have been quote'!. Where this is done, however,
it is in the case of species which are known to occur in Arizona, but where there
is lack of data defining their status in this valley. In such a case, the record,
though strictly speaking not pertaining to Arizona, has a very definite value in
defining the status of an Arizona bird, and its use seems to be justified.

The appended bibliography contains the titles of such publications as have
been consulted by the author in connection with the present contribution, the
criterion for the admission of a title being that the work relate definitely to the
ornithology of Arizona. Books of a general nature are not included unless they
contain some definite, first-hand information on the subject, something not pre-
viously published. It is hardly to be hoped, of course, that nothing has been over-
looked, and it is to be expected that additional titles relevant to the subject are
still to be found, but it seems unlikely that any such will be of a nature to serious-
Iv modify many of the statements made in the following pages.

The author's personal field work in the state has been almost altogether in
the region lying between the Gila River and the Mexican boundary line. Trips
of varying lengths, during four different years and covering every month except
December and January, included parts of this region in great detail, and larger
portions in a more superficial manner. Of the three hundred and sixty-two spe-
cies and sub-species here credited lo the state, two hundred and twenty-seven
were personally observed. In most cases specimens were collected.

The accompanying map showing life zones of the state is presented with full
realization that it is probably open to criticism in many particulars, and will cor-
respondingly doubtless require revision in many of the details. At the same time
it is believed that it will be of sufficient aid in illustration of the distribution of
many species, and in showing the -alient zonal peculiarities of the state, to fully
justify its publication, even in its admittedly tentative form. This map is com-
piled from various sources. The northeastern corner is copied from Merriam's
( 1890) zone map of the San Francisco Mountain region; the zones of much of
the central portion of the state are computed from descriptions of localities in
publications of Coues (1866), Henshaw (1875), Scott (1886), Mearns (1890),
and others. Maps showing the distribution in Arizona of certain conspicuous
forest trees useful as zone indicators, loaned to the author by the District For-
ester's office, Albuquerque. New Mexico, were also used, and found of great as-
sistance. Much of the region south of the Gila River has been mapped from
persona! observations of the author.

1914

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

In going through literature dealing with the subject it became apparent that
many of tbe older government reports, and some more modern works as well,
contained, among much trustworthy and valuable information, statements re-
garding certain species which needed corroborative proof other than that to be
found on the printed page. This was a phase of the problem utterly beyond the
author's power to deal with, unaided, and he is correspondingly grateful to Mr.
W. W. Cooke of the Biological Survey, for cordial assistance in supplying def-
inite information regarding many of these doubtful cases. Further acknowledg-
ment is made in the following pages in each of the rather numerous instances in
which his aid was invoked.

To Professor C. B. Cory and Mr. W. 11. Osgood, of the Field Museum of
Natural History, obligations are acknowledged for permission to print hitherto
unpublished data regarding certain specimens in the ornithological collection of
that institution. To Mr. F. C. Baker, of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, the
author expresses his gratitude for the free use of the library of the academy ac-
corded him, as well as for assistance and advice in the pursuit of the bibliograph-
ical portion of the work.

To Mr. G. Frean Morcom grateful thanks are extended for his generous sup-
port of, and deep interest in, field work which otherwise could hardly have been
undertaken. From Mr. F. S. Daggett, now Director of the Los Angeles Museum
of History, Science, and Art, the author received advice and encouragement on
many occasions. Mr. Daggett added to his own collection large series of birds col-
lected at certain localities in Arizona which the author had been unable to visit, or
which were taken at different seasons of the year from the time of the author's
work in the region, and the information gained thereby was freely placed at his
disposal.

Mr. F. C. VVillard. of Tombstone. Arizona, obligingly read the manuscript
of this list, with a view of adding thereto such unpublished records of his own.
obtained during a number of years of careful observation of the birds of south-
eastern Arizona, as would add to the statements made by the author. The valu-
able information thus secured is cited in the text as *'F. C. VVillard. MS '.

Mr. A. B. Recknagel, Assistant District Forester, Albuquerque, New Mex-
ico, very kindly loaned the author blue print maps which were on file in uis of-
fice, illustrating the distribution in Arizona of seven conspicuous species of forest
trees, useful as zone indicators. The data thus obtained, of the greatest value in
compiling a map of the life zones of Arizona, could have been secured in no
other way, and the author is deeply appreciative of the courtesy extended him.

Finally, grateful appreciation is hereby expressed for the co-operation of
Mr. foseph Grinnell. whose assistance and advice have materially aided in the
completion of this list, and whose helpful suggestions throughout the course of the
undertaking have strongly influenced the author, both in regard to matters of
form and methods of work.

II. S. Swartit.

Los Angeles, California, April i. IQ13.

\

\

1914 9

DISTRIBUTIONAL LIST OF THE BIRDS OF ARIZONA

i. Aechmophorus occidentalis (Lawrence).

■Western Grebe.

Synonym — Podiceps occidentalis.

Status — But two published records of its occurrence in Arizona. Henshaw
( [875b, p. 488) secured a specimen on the Gila River in November; and Brown
( 1903, p. 50) reported it as a permanent resident in the vicinity of Yuma. There
is, however, no evidence of its breeding there, or anywhere else in the state.

2. Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Heermann).

American Eared Grebe.

Synonyms — Podiceps californicus; Podiceps auritus californicus.

Status — This species was found breeding by Mearns (1890a, p. 50) in the
high plateau region north of the Mogollon Mountains — Stoneman's Lake, Mor-
mon Lake, and near Flagstaff. It has also been recorded from the Colorado
River at Mohave, and from Moencopie, in northern Arizona, in September.

3. Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus).

PiEd-billEd Grebe.

Synonym — Podilymbus carolineusis.

Status — Apparently fairly common on the Colorado River during the mi-
grations and in winter, while it is of only casual occurrence elsewhere. There
are no definite breeding records for the state, though Brown (1903, p. 49) speaks
of it as a resident in the vicinity of Yuma.

4. Gavia immer (Brtinnich).

Common Loon.

Synonym — Colymbus torquatus.

Status — According to Coues (1866a, p. 100) a common winter visitant on
the Colorado River. There is in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology an adult
female (no. 6403) taken (probably by W. W. Holder) at ''Mineral City on the
Colorado River" (=Ehrenberg), April 4, 1864.

5. Gavia stellata (Pontopiddan).

Red-throated Loon.

Synonym — Urinator I u nunc.

Status — There is but one record for the state, that of an immature male se-
cured by Brown on the Papago Indian reservation, near Tucson, December 20,
1884 (Scott, 1886, p. 383).

6. Lams delawarensis Ord.

Ring-billed Gull.
Status — Seen by Coues (1866a, p. 99) on the Colorado River "in the autumn
of 1865." The only recent record known to me is that of Price (1899, p. 90).
who doubtfully identified as of this species two small gulls seen near Yuma. No-
vember 27, 1898.

\

1" I'ACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

/. Larus Philadelphia fOrd).

Bonaparte Gull.

Synonym — Chroicocephalus Philadelphia.

Status — Dr. Coues met with this species on the Gila River ( 1865b,, p. 538).
and on the Colorado River, between Forts Mohave and Yuma, in September,
1865 ( 1866c. p. 259), but it has not been observed in the region by any one since
that time.

8. Sterna forsteri Xuttall.

Fhrster Tern.

Status — There is in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology an adult male (no.
12616) taken May 4. 1910, at the mouth of the Gila River, the first definite record
for Arizona. The species was included in Cones' (1866a, p. 99) list of bird-
occurring on the Colorado River, but with no statement as to the time or manner
of its occurrence.

9. Sterna hirundo Linnaeus.

Common Tern.

Status — There is, apparently, record of but a .single specimen of this species
from Arizona, one secured by Henshaw ( 1875b. p. 486) on the San Pedro River,
September 3, 1872.

10. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis (Gmelin).

Black Tern.

Synonyms — Hydrochelidon Ussipes ; Hydrochelidon lariformis; Hydrocheli-
don nigra; Hydrochelidon surinamensis.

Status — A rare migrant. 1 lenshaw secured it in southern Arizona in the
fall (see Henshaw. 1875b. p. 487; Saunders, 1896, p. 20), and Brewster (1883.
p. 36) has recorded one taken at Cienega Station. April 17.

1 1 . Phaethon aethereus Linnaeus.

Red-billed Tropjc-bird.

Synonym — Phaethon anicricanus.

Status- — One specimen taken by Breninger at Phoenix. April 10, 1905. This
bird is now in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History (cf.
Miller. 1910. p. 450).

12. Anhinga anhinga (Linnaeus).

Anhinga.

Status — Herbert Brown met with this species near Yuma, during the
winter of 1905-06, when it appeared to be not uncommon. He also reports a single
specimen, a female, killed on the Santa Cruz River, near Tucson. September r2.
1803 ( T906. p. 2T7). These are the only records for the state.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA

11

\

\

\

[3. Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus Ridgway.

Farallon Cormorant.

Syn< >nym — Graculus dilophus.

Status — Mentioned by Cones (1866a, p. ioo) as occurring on the lower
Colorado River. Seen at various points along the river between Laguna Dam
and Yuma, in April and May. [910 (Mus. Vert. Zool.).

14. Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin.

American White Pelican.
Synonym — Pelecanus trachyrhynchus .

Status — The numerous record:; would indicate this species to be of common
occurrence on the Colorado River, and on the lower Giia River, at all times of
the year except midsummer. Except for one record from Tucson ( Sloanaker,
[913, p. i<;5). it has apparently not been seen elsewhere in Arizona.

15. Mergus americanus Cassin.

American Merganser.
Synonym — Merganser americanus.
Status — Mearns 1 1890a, p. 50) speaks of this species as breeding in the

Mogollon Mountains, in the streams tributary to the Salt and Verde rivers, and
also at Fort Verde. Scott ( 1886, p. 384) found it rare on the San Pedro River
in January.

[6. Merg'us senator Linnaeus.

Red-breasted Merganser.

Synonym — Merganser serrator.

Status — Merriam observed a few individuals at the bend of the Colorado,
and at the mouth of Beaverdam Creek, northwestern Arizona, in May. 1891
(Fisher, 1893b, p. 15). This is the only published record of the occurrence of
the species in Arizona. Observed on the Colorado River, near Needles, February
18. and at Chemehuevis Valley, March 8, 1910 (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Two were
shot by F. X. VVolcott from a flock of four, near Fairbanks, April 8, 1911 ( F.
C. Willard, MS).

17. Lophodytes cucullatus ( Linnaeus ).

Hooped MERG wsEr.
Status — Known onl) from the record by Coues 1 [868, p. 84) of its occur-
rence at Camp Grant; and by Scott ( 1886. p. 384) of an immature female in the
collection of Herbert Brown, taken near Tucson, December 5. 1885. A lone bird
was shot by F. X. Wolcott on the San Pedro River in the fall of 1896 ( F. C. Wil-
lard, MS).'

18. Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus.

Mallard.

Synonym — A nas boschas.

Status — A common winter visitant in suitable localities in southern Arizona.
usually alone; the larger streams. Mearns found it in the Mogollon Mountains
in May and June, so it probably breeds, though in limited numbers, in place-
where conditions are favorable.

12 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No 1U

\ \

19. Chaulelasmus streperus (Linnaeus).

Gadwall.

Synonym — Anas strepera.

Status — Mearns found this species in summer in the Mogollon Mountains,
where it was common and "probably breeding". Cones (1866a, p. 99) met with
it on the Colorado River in October, and Scott ( 1886, p. 384) took a specimen
at Tucson in December.

20. Mareca amerieana (Gmelin).

Baldpate.

Synonyms — Anas amerieana ; Anas penelope.

Status — A common migrant, and, in southern Arizona, a winter visitant.
Reported by Mearns (1890a, p. 50) as occurring in summer at Mormon Lake,
in the Mogollon Mountains, where he supposed it was breeding, though no nests
were found.

21. Nettion carolinense (Gmelin).

Green-winged Teal..
Synonyms — Querqiiedula carolinensis ; Anas carolinensis.

Status — A common migrant, reported from various scattered localities. Re-
mains through the whiter in southern Arizona : San Pedro River, Colorado River,
Tucson, etc.

22. Querquednla discors (Linnaeus).

Blue-winged Teal.

Synonym — A nas discors.

Status — Has been reported from various parts of Arizona. Scott speaks of
it a^ being of occasional occurrence in winter in the vicinity of Tucson, while
Mearns (1890a, p. 51) found the species in May and June on the lakes of the
Mogollon Mountains, where it may have been breeding. There are also records
of individuals taken during the migrations at Tucson, Ehrenberg (Colorado
River), Sulphur Spring (Cochise County), and San Francisco Mountain. Not
infrequently taken in winter on the San Pedro River ( F. C. Willard, MS).

X

23. Querquedula cyanoptera (Vieillot).

Cinnamon Teal.

Synonyms — Ptcrocyanca cacrulcaia; Anas cyanoptera.

Status — A common migrant throughout the state, bias been found breed-
ing in the Mogollon Mountains, and is reported as a winter visitant in extreme
southern Arizona (Tucson, Sulphur Spring, etc.).

x 24. Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus).

Shoveller.
Status — A migrant, and, in southern Arizona, a winter visitant. Mearns
(1890a, p. 51) found the species in May and June on the lakes in the Mogollon
Mountains, where it may have been breeding.

\

\

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 13

25. Dafila acuta (Linnaeus).

Pintail.
Status — Has been reported as a migrant from various parts of the state. It
was found on Mormon Lake, in the Mogollon Mountains, in May, by Mearns.
Seen on the San Pedro River in February, so is probably a winter visitant in
southern Arizona (Willard, 1910c, p. no).

26. Marila americana 1 Eyton ) .

Redhead.

Synonym — Aythya americana.

Status — The only record of the occurrence of this species in Arizona is that
by Scott (1886, p. 384), who reported it as occurring in winter in the vicinity
of Tucson and on the San Pedro River.

27. Marila valisineria (Wilson).

Canvas-hack.

Synonym — A \th \a vallisneria.

Status — Scott (1886, p. 384) records a small rlock seen on the San Pedro
River, January 28, 1886, while Coues (1892a, p. 198) reports it as occurring in
large numbers on the Verde River near Fort Whipple, in winter. These are the
only records for the state.

28. Marila marila (Linnaeus).

Greater Scaup Duck.

Synonym — Aythya marila nearctica.

Status — Known only from the record by Scott (1886, p. 384), who speaks of
it as "rather common on the San Pedro in winter."

29. Marila affinis (Eyton).

Lesser Scaup Duck.

Synonym — Aythya affinis.

Status — A record by Scott (1886, p. 384) of "a few seen on the San Pedro
during late January.-' Common near Tucson in March, 1912 (Sloanaker, 1913,
p. 195). Observed on the Colorado River, near Ehrenberg, March 24, and at
Cibola, April 4. 1910 ( Mus. Yert. Zook).

30. Clangula clangula americana Bonaparte.

American Golden-Eye.
Status — Only one record, that of two specimens taken near Tucson, April 1
and February 1, respectively (Sloanaker, 191 2, p. 154).

31. Charitonetta albeola (Linnaeus).

BupflE-hEad.

Synonyms — Clangula albeola; Bucephala albeola.

Status — While apparently not common, this species has been reported in
winter from various scattered localities in all parts of the state (Tucson, San
Pedro River, Bill Williams River, etc.).

\

U PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

32. Erismatura jamaicensis (Gmelin).

Ruddy Duck.

Synonym — Erismatura rubida.

Status — Though there are curiously .few published records of the occurrence
ol this species, it is, nevertheless, a fairly common migrant. Mearns met with
it in summer in the Mogollon Mountains ( Stoneman's Lake, Moimon Lake), and
near FlagstafY. where they were preparing to breed. It very probably remains
through the winter in southern Arizona, though there are no records of its doing
so. Observed near Tucson in April, 1896 ( Swarth MS), and on the Colorado
River, near Laguna Dam, April 23, 1910 (Mus. \rert. Zool.).

33. Chen hyperboreus hyperboreus ( Pallas).

Lesser Snow Goose.

Synonym — .-/ user hyperboreus.

Status — There is a record by Cones ( 1866a, p. 98) of "specimens taken near
Fort Whipple, Oct. 17, 1864.'* Seen on the Colorado River, near Needles. Feb-
ruary [6 and 23, 1910 (Mus. Vert. Zool.).

34. Anser albifrons gambeli Hartlaub.

White-fronted Goose.

Synonyms — Anser albifrons; Anser gambeli.

Status — Cones ( 1866a, p. (j8) found it abundant on the Colorado River.
There is no published statement of its occurrence in the region since that time.

35. Branta canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus).

Canada Goosk.

Synonym — Bernicla canadensis.

Status — The species has been reported both from the Colorado River, and
from the San Pedro River, in winter, but from the paucity of records it would
seem to be of uncommon occurrence.

36. Branta canadensis hutchinsi (Richardson).

Hutch ins Goose.

Synonym — Bernicla hutchinsi.

Status — The only records for Arizona are those by Coues of its occurrence
on the Colorado River ( 1866a. p. 98). and at Fort Grant ( 1868, p. 84).

37. Dendrocygna autumnalis (Linnaeus).

Black-bellied Tree-duck.

Status — Herbert Brown ( [906, p. 217) has reported the killing of six
specimens of this duck, out of a Hock of eight, on the Santa Cruz River, near Tuc-
son, on May 5, 1899. This is the only Arizona record.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA l5

38. Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot).

Fulvous Tree-duck.

Syni inyrn — Dendrocygna fulva.

Status — Coues ( [866a, p. 98) has recorded the capture of " a pair taken in
November, about twenty miles from Fort Whipple." From a published note of
Brown ( 1906, p. 217) it would seem to be of fairly common occurrence in winter
on the Colorado and Gila rivers, in the vicinity of Yuma, and decidedly rare else-
where in the <tate.

39. Olor columbianus (Ord).

Whistling Swan.

Synonym — Cygnus americanus.

Status — Recorded by Coues (1866a. p. 98) from the Colorado River and
Fort Mohave. There is a recent instance of its occurrence at Sacaton. Pinal
County, November 21. 1910 ( Giiman. 1911a. p. 35).

40. Plegadis guarauna ( Linnaeus ) .

White-faced Glossy [bis.

Synonyms — Ibis ordii; Falcinellus ordii; Ibis guarauna; Ibis thalassinus;
Plegadis autumnalis.

Status — Apparently fairly abundant, as there are records of its occurrence
.during- the migration in various parts of the state: Tucson. Little Colorado Riv-
er, ForN Whipple and Apache, and at various points along the Gila and Colorado
rivers. It has been reported as breeding at Mormon Lake, in the Mogollon
Mountains ( Merriam. 6890, p. S<^). Idas been found at Tombstone in winter
( Cooke. 191 3, p. 21).

'41. Mycteria americana Linnaeus.

Wood Ibis.

Synonym — Tantalus loculator.

Status — Apparently common, during the summer months, from May to Sep-
tember, along the Colorado River, at least as far up as Fort Mohave (Coues.
[866a. p. 96). There are also records for the various tributaries of that stream:
the Gila, San Pedro, Bill Williams, etc. It is not known to breed in Arizona, nor
has it been observed in winter.

42. Botaurus lentiginosus (.Montagu).

Am kkk' w Bittern.

Synonym — Botaurus minor.

Status — The only breeding record is that of Mearns (1890a, p. 51) who
found the species nesting commonly in the Mogollon Mountains 1 Mormon Lake.
etc.). It is a fairly common migrant elsewhere and has been found in winter on
the San Pedro River in southern Arizona (Scott, 1886, p. 385).

\

\

16 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

43- Ixobrychus exilis (Gmeiin).

Least Bittern.

Synonym — A rdctta exilis.

Status— Cones (1866a, p. 263) noted this species along the Colorado River
between Forts Yuma and Mohave, in September, 1865. This is the only record
for the state.

44- Ardea herodias treganzai Court.

Pallid Great Blue Heron.

Synonym — Ardea herodias.

Status — Breeds along the Colorado River, and in southern Arizona, along
the Gila River and its tributaries (Mineral Creek, San Pedro River, etc.). Found
also in winter in the same region. There appear to be no records whatever from
the plateau region of northern Arizona.

45- Herodias egretta (Gmeiin).

American Egret.

Synonyms — Ardea egretta; Herodias alba egretta.

Status — Probably a migrant only; there are records of its occurrence in
April, May, and September, at various points on the Colorado, Gila, and San Pe-
dro rivers.

46. Egretta candidissima candidissima (Gmeiin).

Snowy Heron.

Synonyms — Garsetta candidissima; Ardea candidissima.

Status — There are but two instances of the occurrence of this species in Ari-
zona: Cones (1866a. p. 263) observed it on the Colorado River between Forts
Mohave and Yuma in September, and Scott (1886, p. 385) reports a flock of five
seen, one of which was secured, near Tucson, in May.

47. Butorides virescens anthonyi (Mearns).

Anthony Green Heron.

Synonyms — Butorides virescens ; Ardea virescens; Ardea virescens anthonyi.

Status — The breeding range of this species appears to be about the same as
that of the Great Blue Heron — along the Colorado River, the Gila River, and the
tributaries of the latter, north to the Big Sandy and Fort Verde (Oberholser,
1912, p. 543 ) ; while it is reported in winter from the lower Colorado near Yuma,
November or December, 1898 (Price, 1899, p. 91). Thus far it has not been
found in the northern plateau region.

48. Nycticorax nycticorax naevius (Boddaert).

Black-crowned Night Heron.

Synonyms — Nyctiardea gardeni; Nyctiardca grisea naevia.

Status — A common migrant, occurring in suitable localities throughout the
region. Remains through the winter along the lower Colorado River, and prob-
ably in the warmer valleys of southern Arizona in general. Said to be a perma-
nent resident in the Verde Valley (Mearns, 1890a, p. 51).

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 17

49. Grus canadensis (Linnaeus).

Little Brown Crane.

Synonym — Grus mexicana, part?

Status — There are several records of the occurrence of this species at various
points along the Colorado River as well as in the interior, during the migrations
and in winter. Some, at least, of these probably refer to (7. mexicana, but in the
absence of specimens it is impossible to separate them. A late record, authenti-
cated by specimens, is of two birds taken near Tucson ( Sloanaker, 1912, p. 154).

50. Grus mexicana (Miiller).

Sandhill Crane.

Synonym — Grus canadensis, part ?

Status — "A few pairs breed at Mormon Lake, where a Mormon settler took
its eggs in 1886" (Mearns, 1890a, p. 51). This record for the Mogollon Moun-
tains appears to be the only definite one for the state. A few arc reported as
seen along the San Pedro River each winter (F. C. Willard, MS).

51. Rallus levipes Bangs.

Light-footed Rail.

Status — ''Accidental in Arizona" (A. O. U. Check-List, 1910, p. 102). Ac-
cording to information received by me from Mr. W. W. Cooke this record was
based on a specimen taken August 25, 1902, by Mr. Herbert Brown, at Yuma.

52. Rallus virginianus Linnaeus.

Virginia Rail.
Status — The only Arizona records of the Virginia Rail are of a single bird
seen on the San Pedro River, January 28, 1886, by Scott (1886, p. 385), and of
one taken at Tucson, April 11, 1886, by Brown (Allen, 1886, p. 386, footnote). It
should prove to be common, however, if sought for in suitable localities.

53. Porzana Carolina (Linnaeus).

SORA.

Status — Mearns (1890a, p. 51) found this species in the Mogollon Moun-
tains (Mormon Lake, Stoneman's Lake) in May, abundant and probably breed-
ing. Aside from this it has been found in Arizona on but a few occasions, dur-
ing the migrations and in scattered localities ( Colorado River, Camp Apache,
Tucson, Moencopie).

54. Coturnicops noveboracensis (Gmelin).

Yellow Rail.
Status — One specimen reported from Sacaton, March 28, 1909 (Gilman,
1910, p. 46). Not otherwise observed in Arizona.

55. Ionornis martinicus (Linnaeus).

Purple Gallinule.
Status — Two specimens have been secured in Arizona : one on the Santa
Cruz River, near Tucson, October 20, 1887 (Brown, 1888a, p. 109), the other at
Tombstone, taken in June, 1904 (Willard, 1905, p. 112).

18 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

56. Gallinula galeata (Lichtenstein).

Florida Gailinule.

Status — This species is probably fairly common, at least during the migra-
tions, though there are but very few published statements in regard to its occur-
rence. Scott ( 1886, p. 386) found it on the San Pedro River in January, and
quotes Brown to the effect that it is "not uncommon about Tucson." Rhoads
(1892, p. 113) also found it in the vicinity of Tucson in summer.

57. Fulica americana Gmelin.

American Coot.

Status — Though a few have been noted at different times in southern Ari-
zona during the summer months, the only part of the state where the species has
been found breeding is on the high Mogolloi; Plateau (Mearns, 1890a, p. 52).
During the migrations it is quite generally distributed, while it winters in south-
ern Arizona.

58. Lobipes lobatus ( Linnaeus).

Northern Phalar< >pk.

Synonym — Phalaropus lobatus.

Status — "A flock of eight, six of which were killed, was found in a little
crater lake ('Walker Lake'), August 19" (Merriam, 1890, p. 88). This record
from San Francisco Mountain is the only one for Arizona.

59. Steganopus tricolor Yieillot.

Wilson Phalaroi'E.

Synonyms — Phalaropus wilsoni; Steganopus icilsoni.

Status'-— Found on the Colorado River in September by Cones ( 1866a, p.
263), in southeastern Arizona by Henshaw (1875b, p. 451 ), who found it com-
mon in August, and at Tucson, where Scott (1886, p. 386) found it "common
during the migrations."

60. Recnrvirostra americana Gmelin.

American Avocet.

Status — Has been noted during the fall migration at various points on the

Colorado River, the Little Colorado, the Gila, and in the vicinity of Tucson.

There is a specimen in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (no. 7069) taken.

probably by W. W. Holder, at "Mineral City" (Ehrenberg), February 12, 1864.

61. Himantopus mexicanus (Midler).

Black-necked Stilt.

Synonym — Himantopus nigricoUis.

Status— Recorded only from points on the Colorado River, where Cones
(1866a, p. 263) met with it in September, and Stephens (1903, p. /J) in Aug-
ust. It should occur during: the migrations throughout southern Arizona at least.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA

19

\

\

\

62. Gallinago delicata ( Ord ) .

Wilson Snips.

Synonyms — Scolopax wilsonii; Gallinago ivilsonii.

Status — A migrant occurring- throughout the state. Was found on Bill
Williams Fork in Fehruary (Kennedy, 1859, p. 34), and is of occasional occur-
rence in winter in southern Arizona.

63. Macrorhamphus griseus scolopaceus (Say).

Long-billed Dowitchf.r.

Synonym — Macrorhamphus griseus.

Status — There is but little information at hand pertaining to the occurrence
of this species in Arizona. Coues ( 1866a, p. 97) speaks of it as being "sparing-
ly distributed throughout the Territory", without citing any specific instances of
its capture, Henshaw (1875b, p. 453) lists a specimen from Mimbres, Arizona,
October 22, and comments that the species is "apparently an uncommon visitor in
Arizona." A specimen entered in the British Museum Catalogue of Birds
(Sharpe, 1896, p. 399) : " $ ad., Arizona, Oct. 22, C. G. Newberry", is probably
the same one alluded to by Henshaw.

These are all referred to as Macrorhamphus griseus, but it seems more prob-
able that the form occurring in Arizona is .1/. g. scolapaceus. 1 have seen no
specimens from the region.

64. Pisobia bairdi (Cones).

Daird Sandpiper.

Synonyms — Tringa schinsii; Actodromas bairdi; Tringa bairdi.

Status — Henshaw ( 1875b, p. 455) found it quite numerous in the fall in
southeastern Arizona, taking specimens at Cam]) Apache, August 26-29, and at
Camp Crittenden, September 2. Merriam (1890, p. 88) met with it at Walker
Lake. San Francisco Mountain. August 27 and September 1. Not reported from
the Colorado River.

65. Pisobia minutilla (Vieillot).

Least Sandpiper.

Synonyms — Actodromas minutilla; Tringa minutilla; Limonitcs minutilla.

Status — A common migrant throughout the state. It is probably a winter
visitant in parts of soiuhern Arizona and along the lower Colorado River, but the
only definite record of a winter bird is of a specimen mentioned by Cooke ( 19 10,
p. 41), as in the United States National Museum, collected in winter in southern
Arizona, no definite date or locality being given.

()(). Pelidna alpina sakhalina (Vieillot).

Red-racked Sandpiper.

Synonym — Tringa alpina pacifica.

Status— Recorded by Scott ( 1886, p. 386). who secured specimens near Tuc-
son in April, 1883. Apparently not otherwise observed in Arizona.

20 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

67. Ereunetes mauri Cabanis.

Western Sandpiper.

Synonyms — Tringa pusilla; Breunetes pusillus; Ereunetes occidentalis.

Status — A common migrant throughout the state : Fort Apache. August 28,
29 (Henshaw, 1874, p. 145) ; Tucson, spring and fall (Scott, 1886, p. 386) ; San
Francisco Mountain, September 1 (Merriam, 1890, p. 88). On the lower Colorado
River at least, a winter visitant (Price, 1899, p. 91).

68. Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin).

Greater Yellow-legs.

Synonym — Gambctta mclanolcuca.

Status — Has been observed in Arizona on but a few occasions, and at scat-
tered localities. Coues (1866a, p. 98) states that it is "abundant on the Col-
orado." Reported from Bill Williams River in February (Kennerly, 1859, P-
34) ; from Tucson in October (Scott, 1886, p. 386) ; and from the Pima Indian
Reservation, south of Phoenix, in September (Breninger, 1901a, p. 45).

69. Helodro mas solitaries einnam omens (Brewster).

Western Solitary Sandpiper.
Synonyms — Rhyacophilus solitarius; Totanus solitarius; Hclodromas soli-
tarius.

Status — An abundant migrant in suitable localities throughout the state.

70. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (Brewster).

Western Willet.

Synonyms— Totanus semipalmatus ; Symphemia scniipahnata.

Status — The only records for Arizona (beside the general statement of
Woodhouse that he found this species abundant in the fall in "New Mexico")
are those of birds seen by Coues ( 1866a, p. 97) near Fort Whipple, on October
18, 1864; and of one collected in "Arizona" by Bischoff, May 5, 1871 (Henshaw,
1875b, p. 457).

71. Bartramia longlcauda (Bechstein).

Bartramian Sandpiper.

Synonyms— Actiturus bartramius; Tringoidcs bartraiuitts.

Status — Wroodhouse reported this species as common in parts of "New Mex-
ico", but the only specimen definitely known to have been taken in Arizona is one
collected by Henshaw (1875b, p. 461) at Sulphur Spring, Cochise County, Aug-
ust 1 8, 1874.

72. Actitis macularius (Linnaeus).

Spotted Sandpiper.

Synonym — Tringoidcs macularius.

Status— A common migrant throughout the state, and probably to be found
on the lower Colorado River during the winter months. Found breeding on San
Francisco Mountain at an elevation of 10,000 feet (Mearns, 1890a, p. 82).

\

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 21

73- Numenius americanus Bechstein.

Long-billed Curlew.

Synonym — Numenius longirostris.

Status — Cones ( 1866a, p. 98) secured a specimen at Fort Whipple in Aug-
ust, [864; Scott (1886, p. 386) recorded it as a migrant about Tucson, on the
authority of Brown; Sloanaker ( [9T3, p. 195) reports a specimen from Tucson,
October 12, 191] ; and Stephens (1903, p. yy ) noted it on the Colorado River,
at Ehrenberg, in August. These are all the records for Arizona.

74. Oxyechus vociferus (Linnaeus).

KilldEEr.

S_\ nonyms — Charadrius vociferus; Aegialitis vociferus.

Status — A common summer visitant, and, along the lower Colorado River
at least, a winter visitant also. Breeds in suitable localities throughout the state,
except in the arid Lower Sonoran southwestern portion. Common in summer in
the valleys of southeastern Arizona; in the Mogollon Plateau region it ranges up
to 7000 feet (Mearns, 1890a, p. 52).

75. AEgialitis semipalmata (Bonaparte).

Semipalmated Plover.
Status — Seen by Cones (1866a, p. 96) on the Colorado River in September
and October, 1865 ; Scott ( 1886, p. 387) found it abundant in the vicinity of Tuc-
son, during April, 1883. These are the only records.

76. Podasocys montanus (Townsend).

Mountain Plovrr.

Synonyms — JEgialitis montanus; Budromias montanus.

Status— Cones (1866a, p. 96) met with this species, presumably at Fort
Whipple, and says that it is "sparingly distributed throughout Arizona." The
only other record from Arizona is that of Osgood (1903, p. 128), who found it
abundant at Sulphur Spring, Cochise County, in December and January.

yy. Colinus ridgwayi Brewster.

Masked Bob-white.

Synonyms — Ortyx virginianus; Ortyx graysoni ; Ortyx ridgwayi.

Status — This species formerly occupied a very limited region in extreme
southern Arizona. Baboquivari Peak on the west, and the Huachuca Mountains
on the east, were about the limits of its extension, nor was it known to range
more than thirty or forty miles north of the United States-Mexican boundary
line. It is now supposed to be nearly or quite extinct in Arizona; there is no
reliable published account of a specimen secured in the state since 1888.

yS. Callipepla squamata squamata (Vigors).

Scaled Quail.
Status — A common resident of the arid, semi-desert, Lower Sonoran val-
leys of southeastern Arizona, usually below 4000 feet, occasionally up to 4500
feet. Has been found as far west as the Altar Valley and Wood's Station, ninety

22 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

miles southwest of Tucson ( Bendire, 1892, p. 18). It ranges up the valley of
the Santa Cruz River to a point some thirty miles south of Tucson ; along the
western base of the Santa Rita Mountains it reaches a little farther north. It is
abundant on the east side of the Santa Ritas and in the valley of the San Pedro
River from the Mexican boundary line to the cast slope of the Santa Catalina
Mountains. The northernmost points of record are Fort Grant ( Henshaw, 1875b.
p. 442), Picacho Station, on the Southern Pacific railroad, this probably an ex-
treme, possibly an unusual, extension of range (Brewster, 1883, p. 33), and the
Gila River near Clifton (Bendire. 1892, p. 18).

Although the character of country inhabited by this species and Lophortyx
gambcli is very similar, there are but few points where the two occur together,
and where this occurs one or the other is usually greatly in preponderance.

79. Lophortyx gambeli Gambel.

Desert Quail.

Synonyms — Callipcpla gambeli; Lophortyx calif ornicus.

Status — Though most abundant in the valleys of the lower Colorado and
the Gila rivers, this species is quite generally distributed, in the lowlands,
throughout the southern and western two-thirds of the state. It is not known
to occur in the northern plateau region, north of Fort Apache and the Mogollon
Mountains and east of Bill Williams Mountain and Cataract Canon ; and until
recentlv it was very rare in the extreme southeastern corner of the state, the
southern half of Cochise County. Of late years has become much more common
in the vicinity of Tombstone and the Dragoon Mountains. Occurs in the latter
range up to 5000 feet ( F. C. Willard, MS).

80. Cyrtonyx montezumae mearnsi Nelson.

Mearns Quail.

Synonyms — Cyrtonyx massena; Cyrtonyx montezumae; Fool Quail.

Status — Found in the Upper Sonoran and Transition of central and south-
eastern Arizona. It has been recorded from the following mountain ranges:
Chiricahua, Huachuca. Carmelita, Patagonia. Santa Rita. Whetstone. Rincon,
Santa Catalina, Pinal, White and Mogollon mountains. The most northern and
western record is from the vicinity of Fort Whipple. The range is thus very
"spottv" and broken, the intervening valleys between the various ranges being,
for the most part, entirely unsuited to the species. The vertical range is from
4000 to 9000 feet.

81. Dendragapus obscurus obscurus (Say).

Dusky Grouse.

Synonym — Canacc obscurus.

Status— Common in the White Mountains (Mearns, 1890a. p. 52). There
is a record of a single bird seen on San Francisco Mountain (Merriam. 1890, p.
89).

\

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 2.3

82. Meleagris gallopavo merriami Nelson.

.Mi'.kkiam. Turkey.

Synonyms — Meleagris gallopavo ; Meleagris mexicana.

Status — This species was probably at one time pretty generally distributed
throughout the state, south of the Grand Canon of the Colorado and the Litile
Colorado River, reaching' its western limit, in southern Arizona about the valley
of the Santa Cruz, in the north, about the head of Bill Williams River. Nov:
driven back to the most remote mountain ranges, and even in many such, nearly
or quite exterminated.

83. Columba fasciata fasciata Say.

Band-tailed Pigeox.
Status — A common summer visitant in suitable localities throughout the
state; that is, in the higher mountain ranges, breeding usually above 6000 feel.
Has been found in summer on San Francisco Mountain, Mount Graham, and
the White, Mogollon, Santa Catalina. Huachuca, and Carmelita mountains. Is
locally migratory, but probably to be found somewhere in the state at all times
of the year. I know of no definite midwinter records.

84. Zenaidura macroura marginella (Woodhouse).

Western Mourning Done.

Synonyms — Ecto pistes carolinciisis ; Zenaidura c aro linen-sis ; Zenaidura
macroura; Zenaidura macroura carolincnsis.

Status — A common summer visitant throughout the state, occurring in
places in almost incredible numbers. In the valley of the lower Colorado River,
and locally in southern Arizona, it is found throughout the winter.

85 Melopelia asiatica trudeaui (Audubon).

White- winged Done.

Synonyms — Columba lencoptera; Melopelia leucoptera; Melopelia asiatica.

Status — A common summer visitant, locally, in southern and western Ari-
zona. Its range in the state seems to be restricted to the valleys of the lower Col-
orado and Gila rivers, and the tributaries of the latter (San Pedro, Santa Cruz,
Verde, and Salt rivers), in which it ranges up to about _|000 feet. Extends at least
as far north as Xeedles( Stephens. 1903, p. 77). and Fort Whipple (Cones. 1866a.
p. 93). Seen in small numbers at Tucson throughout the winter ( Bendire, 1892,
p. 146).

86. Chaemepelia passerina pallescens Baird.

Mexican Ground Dove.

Synonyms — Chamacpclia passerina ; Columbigallina passerina.

Status — Locally common in southern Arizona, ascending the valley of the
Colorado as far north as the Big Sandy (Stephens, 1903, p. yj), in the interior to
Fort Verde (Todd. 1913. p. 594). It is partly migratory but stays through the
winter in parts of its range. Specimens in the collection of F. S. Daggett taken
at Fort Lowell in November and December. According to Gilman ( 1911b, p. 54)
it is a summer visitant onlv at Sacaton.

24 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

87. Scardafella inca ( Lesson ) .

Inca Dove.

Status— Exceedingly local, and recorded from very few points — Tucson. Phoe-
nix, Florence, Tubac (in the Santa Cruz Valley), and the Huachuca Mountains.
It particularly favors the towns and settlements, a trait shared to some extent by
the Mexican Ground Dove, and is probably more abundant in the vicinity of
Phoenix than anywhere else in the state. Reported as a permanent resident at
Sacaton, Pinal County (Gilman, 1911b, p. 55).

88. Cathartes aura septentrionalis Wied.

Turkey Vulture.

Synonyms — Cathartes aura; Rhiuogryphus aura.

Status — A common summer visitant throughout the state ; reported from
many scattered localities, generally below 6000 feet : Fort Whipple, summer ;
Santa Catalina Mountains, resident ; San Francisco and Mogollon mountains,
summer; Keam Canon, summer; Huachuca Mountains, summer; Santa Rita
Mountains, summer. Breeding on the east slope of the Santa Catalina Moun-
tains, in the Dragoon Mountains, and in the Huachua Mountains (F. C. Willard,
MS). It remains during the winter in parts of southern Arizona.

89. Circus hudsonius (Linnaeus).

Marsh Hawk.

Synonyms — Circus cyaneas; Circus cyancus var. hudsonius.

Status — An abundant migrant, and, in southern Arizona at least, a common
winter visitant (Scott, 1886, p. 422; San Pedro River, January). Found breed-
ing near Tucson by Bendire (1892, p. 185).

90. Accipiter velex (Wilson).

Sharp-shinned Hawk.

Synonyms — Accipiter fuscus; Nisus fuscus; Accipiter velox rufilatus; Ac-
cipiter velox paciheus.

Status — Probably breeds in small numbers in the higher mountains through-
out the state, but though observed during the summer months there are no de-
finite published statements of its breeding anywhere in Arizona. Found nesting
in the Huachuca Mountains, a set of eggs being taken in Miller Canon, at an
altitude of 6800 feet, May 30, 1907 ( F. C. Willard, MS). It is a very common
migrant throughout the state, and has been seen in southern Arizona during the
winter, at the San Pedro River in January (Scott, 1886, p. 422), and at Sulphur
Spring, Cochise County, in November (Osgood, 1903, p. 129).

91. Accipiter cooperi (Bonaparte).

Cooper Hawk.

Synonyms — Accipiter inexicanus ; Nisus cooperi.

Status — A verv common resident, breeding in suitable localities throughout

\

\

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA -25

the state, in Lower and Upper Sonoran, and to at least the lower edge of Transi-
tion. There are breeding records from Picacho, Colorado River (Mus. Vert.
Zool.) ; Santa Cruz River near Tucson (Swarth, 1905a, p. 25) ; Huachuca Moun-
tains (Swarth, [904b, p. 6) ; Santa Rita Mountains (Brewster, 1883, p. 30) ; San-
ta Catalina Mountains (Scott, 1880, p. 422); and Fort Grant (Coues, 1868, p.
82). It remains locally through the winter.

92. Astur atricapillus atricapillus (Wilson).

American Goshawk.

Synonyms — Accipiter atricapillus; Accipiter atricapillus striatulus.

Status — There are very few records of the occurrence of this species in Ari-
zona: On San Francisco Mountain, where several were seen ( Merriam, 1890,
p. 90) ; a few individuals in the Mogollons in May and on San Francisco Moun-
tain in June ( Mearns, 1890a, p. 53) ; and in the Huachuca Mountains, where it
is a rare migrant (Swarth, 1904b, p. 6).

93. Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi (Audubon).

Harris Hawk.

Synonyms — Morphnus unicinctus; Craxirex unicinctus ; Craxirex harrisii.

Status — Recorded from the Colorado River in February ( Kennedy, 1859, p.
20), and at Ehrenberg in August ( Stephens, 1903, p. yy). It ranges across southern
Arizona, and has been found breeding in the vicinity of Tucson (Bendire, 1892.
p. 202), and at the east base of the Huachuca Mountains, where a set of eggs
was collected June 1, 1907 (F. C. Willard, MS). Seen on the San Pedro River,
in extreme southeastern Arizona, in February (Willard, 1910c, p. no).

94. Buteo borealis calurus Cassin.

Western Red-tailed Hawk.

Synonyms — Bittco borealis; Butco calurus; Butco montanus.

Status — An abundant resident, found in all parts of the state. Breeds from
Lower Sonoran up through Transition, exact points of record being Rillito
Creek near Tucson, Camp Crittenden, Santa Catalina Mountains, and the pine
belt of the Mogollon Mountains.

95. Buteo abbreviatus Cabanis.

Zone-tailed Hawk.

Synonym— Butco zouoccrcus.

Status — Generally distributed throughout southern Arizona. Recorded
from many localities (Colorado River, Santa Cruz Valley, Rincon Mountains,
etc.) north to the Verde Valley, Prescott, and the Big Sandy. Numerous breed-
ing records, mostly in the Upper Sonoran zone: Tucson (Brewster, 1883, p.
30) ; New River (Mearns. 1886a, p. 60) ; Huachuca Mountains (Bendire, 1887,
p. 551) ; Rincon Mountains (Brown, 1901, p. 392) ; east slope of Santa Catalina
Mountains (F. C. Willard, MS). Except along the lower Colorado it seems to
go south of Arizona in the winter. Seen at Yuma in winter (Price, 1899, p. 91).

26 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

96. Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte.

Swain son Hawk.

Synonyms — Buteo bairdi; Buteo insignattts j Buteo oxypterus.

Status — An abundant summer visitant on the plains in extreme southeastern
Arizona (Tucson, Fort Grant. Fort Huachuca, etc.) ; also found breeding near
Yuma ( Brown, 1903, p. 44). During- the migrations it is more widely distribut-
ed. Has not been observed in Arizona during the winter months.

97. Buteo albicaudatus sennetti Allen.
Sennett White-tailed Hawk.

Status — A nest found by G. F. Breninger between Florence and Red Rock-
in 1897, and a male bird taken by the same collector at Phoenix in the spring of
1899 ( 1899c, p. 352). Not otherwise observed in Arizona.

98. . Urubitinga anthracina ( Lichtenstein ).

Mexican Black Hawk.
Status — The only breeding record is from the vicinity of Fort Verde, in
central Arizona ( Mearns, 1886a, p. 60). Other points at which the species has
been observed are Forts Bowie, Lowell, and Huachuca. Its occurrence at Fort
Bowie in February (Fowler, 1903, p. 70) indicates that it remains throughout
the year in some parts at least of southern Arizona.

99. Asturina plagiata Schlegel.

Mexican Goshawk.

Synonyms — Asturina nitida; Asturina nitida plagiata.

Status — The centtr of its abundance in Arizona seems to be the valley of
the Santa Cruz River, where it is not uncommon during the summer months. It
has also been found breeding on Rillito Creek (a tributary of the Santa Cruz),
in the foothills of the Santa Rita Mountains, on the San Pedro River, and, the
westernmost record, on the Gila River in the vicinity of Gila Bend ( Pember,
1892, p. 53)-

100. Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis (Gmelin).

American Rough-legged Hawk.

Synonym — Archibuteo lagopus.

Status — A specimen taken by Coues (1866a, p. 48) at Fort Whipple in the
winter of 1865. Henshaw (1875a, pp. 163, 164) cites Bendire as having met
with the species at Tucson in winter.

101. Archibuteo ferrugineus (Lichtenstein).
Ferruginous Rough-legged Hawk.

Status — Coues (1866a. p. 46) found this species abundant in winter in the
vicinity of Fort Whipple. Fisher (1893a, p. 91) records a specimen taken at
Fort Verde in December. The few other Arizona records are either of doubtfully
identified birds, or else are not explicit statements of the place or manner of oc-
currence. It has not been found breeding in Arizona.

\

\

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 27

102. Aquila chrysaetos ( Linnaeus).

Golden Eagle.

Synonyms — Aquila canadensis; Aquila chrysaetus var. canadensis.

Status — A fairly common resident of the higher mountain ranges in northern
Arizona, and in the eastern part of the state south to the Mexican boundary line.
Found breeding" at Prescott (Cones, 1802b, p. 201) ; reported as resident in the
Santa Catalina Mountains (Scott, 1886, p. 423), and in the Iluachuca Moun-
tains (Swarth, 1904b, p. 7) ; an old nest seen in the latter range (Swarth MS).
Recorded from various other scattered localities : in summer, San Francisco
Mountain, Santa Catalina Mountains, Keam Canon, etc.; in fall and winter,
Grand Canon, Fort Whipple, ITuachuca Mountains, etc. Not observed anywhere
in the western deserts.

103. Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephalus (Linnaeus).

Bald Eagle.

Status — Reported by Mearns ( 1890a, p. 53) as breeding at Stoneman's
Lake, in the Mogollon Mountains. Cones met with it at Fort Whipple, and
Henshaw at Fort Apache in southeastern Arizona ; a specimen is listed by Fish;r
(1893a, p. 97) as collected in the Mogollon Mountains in January.

104. Falco mexicanus Schlegel.

Prairie Falcon.

Synonyms — falco polyagrus ; Falco lanarius var. polyagrus; Falco sakcr var.
polyagrus.

Status — Fairly common resident throughout the state ; reported from many
different points, winter and summer. Found breeding on San Francisco Moun-
tain (Merriam, 1890, p. 90), and in the LIuachuca Mountains (Howard, 1902,
p. 57)., and an occupied nesting site observed on the Colorado River near the
mouth of Bill Williams River in the spring of [910 ( Mus. Vert. Zool.).

105. Falco peregrinus anatum Bonaparte.

Duck Hawk.

Synonyms — Falco anatum; Falco nigriceps; Falco communis var. anatum.

Status — Resident and apparently common in the mountains of central Ari-
zona (Mearns, 1890a, p. 54). In the more southern parts of the state it is a
rather uncommon migrant.

106. Falco columbarius columbarius Linnaeus.

Pigeon Hawk.

Synonym — Hypotriorchis columbarius.

Status — I know of no instance of this species breeding in Arizona. It oc-
curs as a fairly common migrant, and, in some localities, possibly as a winter visi-
tant.

\

28 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

107. Falco cohimbarius richardsoni Ridgway.

Richardson Merlin.

Synonyms — Falco richardsoni; Falco acsalon.

Status — Cooper secured an adult female at Fort Mohave, January 21, 1861
(Mus. Vert. Zool., no. 4388), and Fisher (1893a. p. 114) lists one collected
at Fort Verde. December 9, 1887, the only definite records I know of for Arizona.
Coues' ( 1866a, p. 42) comments on Falco acsalon undoubtedly refer to this
species, but give no clue as to its status in the region he explored.

108. Falco fusco-caerulescens Vieillot.

Aplomado Falcon.

Synonyms- — Falco fcmoralis; Hypotriorchis femoralis.

Status — Formerly, at least, a fairly common summer visitant in extreme
southeastern Arizona. Henshaw ( 1875b, p. 413) observed it in this region in
1874, and Bendire ( 1887, P- 552 ) describes its nesting near Fort Huachuca. Has
been met with but seldom of late years. One seen on the San Pedro River, near
Fairbanks, February 13, 1910 (Willard, 1910c, p. no).

109. Falco sparverius sparverius Linnaeus.

American Sparrow Hawk.

Synonyms — Tinnuncvlns sparverius ; Falco sparverius dcscrticolus ; Falco
sparverius phaloena.

Status — An abundant resident of general distribution, breeding both in the
valleys and in the mountains. There are, among ethers, breeding records from
Fort Whipple, Santa Catalina Mountains, Huachuca Mountains, Mogollon Moun-
tains, and Santa Cruz River near Tucson, these points being variously in the Lower
Sonoran, Upper Sonoran, and Transition zones. It is locally migratory, but prob-
ably to be found in most of the lower valleys during the winter. Explicit winter
records are from Fort Whipple. Tucson, Sulphur Spring Valley, and the San
Pedro River.

no. Polyborus cheriway (Jacquin).

Audubon Caracara.

Synonyms — Polyborns tliarits; Polyborus auditbonii; Polyborus tharus var.
auduboni.

Status — Apparently not common. Reported from the vicinity of Tucson in
summer, and from Yuma, doubtfully identified by Price (1899, p. 91), and the Salt
River (Fisher, 1893a, p. 128) in winter. Found breeding sixteen miles south-
west of Tucson by Herbert Brown (Bendire, 1892, p. 317).

111. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (Gmelin).

American Osprey.

Synonym — Pandion carolinensis.

Status — There seem to be no breeding records for the state though specimens
have been taken in the summer months (see Fisher, 1893a, p. 130). Reported
from scattered localities throughout Arizona during the migrations, usually
along the larger streams.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 2'/

112. Aluco pratincola (Bonaparte).

American Barn Owl

Synonyms — Strix pratincola; Stri.v amcricana ; Strix flammea var. ameri-
cana; Strix flammea; Aluco flammcus pratincola.

Status — Probably most abundant in the central portions of the state. Coues
(i866a, p. 49) states that it is a common resident at Fort Whipple, and Fisher
( 1893a, p. 132) lists numerous specimens from Fort Verde, taken in May, July,
October and December. There are no records from the northern plateau region,
and in southern Arizona it is rare. Found breeding at Tombstone on several
occasions (F. C. Willard, MS). Found breeding also near Pilot Knob, on the
Colorado River (Mus. Vert. Zool.) . This was on the California side of the
stream, but in the absence of Arizona records from the region, may be cited as
evidence of the manner of occurrence of the species in this valley.

[13. Asio wilsonianus (Lesson).

American Long-eared Owl.

Synonyms — Otus americanusj Otus wilsonianus; Otus vulgaris var. wil-
sonianus; Asio auicricanus.

Status — Apparently of rare occurrence. Reported during the migrations
and in the winter, from various scattered localities throughout the state : Fort
Whipple ; Tucson, February ; Fort Verde, January, February ; Sulphur Spring,
April ; Fort Huachuca, April.

[14. Asio flammeus (Pontopiddan).

Short-eared Owl.

Synonyms — Strigiceps uliginosus; Brachyotus cassinii; Otus brachyotus;
Asio accipitrinus.

Status — A migrant and winter visitant. Reported from Fort Whipple, Colo-
rado River, Fort Bowie, Gila Bend, and Sulphur Spring Valley. Met with by
but a few observers, and in small numbers, except as reported by Coues (1866a,
p. 50) . who found it common on the Colorado River.

115. Strix occidentalis huachucae Swartb.

Arizona Spotted Owl.

Synonyms — Symium occidcv.tale; Strix occidentalis.

Status — A resident, probably not very uncommon, in the higher mountains
of southeastern Arizona. There seem to be published records of its occurrence
only from the vicinity of Tucson (Ridgway, 1874, p. 239; Bendire, 1892, p. 343)
and from the Huachuca Mountains (Swarth, 1910b, p. 1).

u6. Cryptog'laux acadica acadica (Gmelin).

Saw-whet Owl.

Synonym — Nyctale acadica.

Status — Known only from the record by Mearns (1890a, p. 54). who found
it breeding- on San Francisco Mountain.

V

30 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

117. Otus asio cineraceus (Ridgway).

Mexican Screech Owl.

Synonyms — Scops mccalli, part; Megascops asio trichopsis, part; Mcgascops
asio cineraceus, part; Scops asio, part; Scops asio var. maccMlli, part.

Status — A common resident of the Upper Sonoran zone in southern Ari-
zona. It has not been found on the plateau region of northeastern Arizona.

118. Otus asio gilmani Swarth.

Sahuaro Screech Owl.

Synonyms — Scops mccalli, part; Scops asio: Scops asio var. maccalli, part;
Scops asio trichopsis; Scops trichopsis; Megascops asio trichopsis, part; Megas-
cops asio cineraceus, part ; Otus trichopsis, part.

Status — A common resident of the hot Lower Sonoran valleys of southern
and western Arizona. Ranges east to Tucson and the valley of the Santa Cruz
River, west to the Colorado River ; it ascends the latter stream at least as far as
Fort Mohave (a specimen collected by Cooper at Fort Mohave, February 24,
1861, no. 4395, coll. Univ. Calif. Mus. Vert. Zool.).

119. Otus trichopsis (Wagler).

Spotted Screech Owl.

Synonyms — Megascops aspersus; Megascops trichopsis.

Status — The Huachuca Mountains seems to be the only place in the United
States where this species has been found, though it undoubtedly occurs also in
some of the neighboring mountain ranges. In the Huachucas it is known as a
rare summer visitant, about ten specimens having been secured. A set of three
eggs taken in that range on June 19, 1901, by G. F. Breninger, and now in the
collection of the Field Museum of Natural History, establishes a breeding rec-
ord for the region. The parent bird being taken with the set (no. 16234 coll. Field
Mus. Nat. Hist.) renders the identity unquestionable.

1 20. Otus flammeolus ( Kaup ) .

FlammulatEd Screech Owl.

Synonyms — Scops flammeola; Megascops flammeolus.

Status — Probably a fairly common summer visitant of the higher mountains
throughout the state. Specimens have been secured at the Grand Canon (Mer-
riam, 1890, p. 39), near Camp Apache (Ilenshaw, 1875b, p. 406), in the Huachuca
Mountains (Swarth, 1904b, p. 9), and in the Chiricahua Mountains (specimen in
Mus. Vert. Zool.). It has been found breeding in the Huachucas (Willard, 1909c,
p. 199).

121. Bubo virginianus pallescens Stone.

Western Horned Owl.
Synonyms — Bubo magellanieus; Bubo virginianus; Bubo virginianus pacifi-
cus; Asio magellanieus pallescens; Bubo magellanieus pallescens; Bubo vir-
ginianus var. arcticus; Bubo virginianus subarcticus; Bubo virginianus saturatus;
Asio magellanieus pacifiens.

1914 BIRDS OF ARTZONA 31

Status — A fairly common resident, reported from all parts of the state.
Found in Lower Sonoran (Tucson, Gila River, etc.), Transition (Huachuca
Mountains, llualpai Mountains) and Boreal (spruce belt of San Francisco
Mountain: Merriam, i8<jo, p. 9] ).

122. Speotyto cunicularia hypogaea ( lionaparte).

Burrowing Owl.

Synonyms — Athene hypugaea; Athene cunicularia.

Status — Irregularly and locally distributed throughout the valleys of the
state. In general it may be said to be common where the Prairie Dog ( Cynomys )
is found, in the lower Sonoran valleys of northeastern and southeastern Arizona,
and decidedly rare elsewhere. Sparingly distributed across the plains of. south-
western Arizona.

123. Glaucidium glioma pinicola Nelson

Rocky Mountain Pigmy Owl.

Synonyms — Glaucidium passerinum var. californicwm, part; Glaucidium
gnoma.

Status — A resident in the Transition zone of the higher mountains through-
out the state. Reported from man)- scattered localities : Prescott, San Francisco
Mountain, Huachuca Mountains, Chiricahua Mountains, Mogollon Mountains,
White Mountains.

124. Glaucidium phaloenoides ( Daudin ) .

Fkrrucixous Pigmy Owl.

Synonyms — Glaucidium ferrugineum; Glaucidium passcrimim var. calif br-
n icu m, part.

Status — Apparently restricted to the valley of the upper Gila River, and its
tributaries (Salt River, Santa Cruz River, etc.), where it is not uncommon. Has
not been taken west of Gila Rend. A bird of the Lower Sonoran zone almost ex-
clusively. Probably resident, though I know of no definite winter records.

125. Micropallas whitneyi (Cooper).

Elf Owl.

Synonyms — Athene whitneyi; Micrathene whitneyi.

Status — A common species in the Lower Sonoran zone in southern Arizona,
from the valley of the Santa Cruz, and the Catalina Mountains, west to the Col-
orado River; north along the latter to the Rig Sandy River (Stephens, 1903, p.
101 ) and Fort Mohave (Cooper, 1861, p. it8). During the breeding season it
is almost entirely restricted to the region occupied by the giant cactus. There is,
however, a breeding record from the Huachuca Mountains (Fisher, 1904, p. 80).
It is probably migratory to some extent, as the records from scattering points out-
side the proper breeding range would indicate : Fort Mohave, April ; Dragoon
Mountains, April; Fort Bowie, October; etc.

X

\

.32 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

126. Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha (Swainson).

Thick-billed Parrot.
Status — Known only as an irregular, occasionally abundant, mid-summer
visitant to the Chiricahua Mountains (see Lusk, 1900, p 129; Smith, 1907a, p.
104).

1 2j. Crotophaga sulcirostris Swainson.

Groove-billed Ani.

Status — A single bird recorded as taken near the Huachuca Mountains in
May, 1888 (Poling, 1891, p. 313).

128. Geococcyx calif ornianus (Lesson).

ROADRUNNER.

Synonym — Geococcyx viatic us.

Status — A fairly common resident of the valleys and foothills below Transi-
tion. Reported from many low zone localities in all parts of the state. Probably
breeds mainly in the Lower Sonoran zone, wandering to somewhat higher alti-
tudes in late summer.

129. Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Ridgway.

California Cuckoo.

Synonym — Coccyzus americanus.

Status — A summer visitant, fairly common, but of irregular distribution.
It is found in the valleys of southern Arizona, along the Gila River and its trib-
utaries, and also along the Colorado River, but has not been detected in the high
plateau region of northeastern Arizona. Breeds mainly in the Lower Sonoran
zone, but also, in limited numbers, in Upper Sonoran almost to the lower edge
of Transition (Swarth, 1904b, p. 10).

130. Trogon ambiguus Gould.

Coppery-tailed Trogon.

Status — A rare and irregular summer visitant in the Transition of some of
the higher mountains of extreme southern Arizona. Reported from the Huach-
ucas (Ridgway, 1887a, p. 161; 1887b, p. 147; Fowler, 1903, p. 69; etc.), the
San Luis Mountains (Ridgway, 191 1, p. 771) and, doubtfully, from the Santa
Catalina Mountains (Scott, 1886, p. 425).

131. Ceryle alcyon alcyon (Linnaeus).

Belted Kingfisher.
Status — A fairly common migrant in all parts of Arizona. Although report-
ed as a permanent resident, or as a summer visitant, by several observers (Coues,
T866a, p. 59; vScott, 1886, p. 425; Bendire, 1895, p. 34), I know of no specific
instance of a nest having been found. Remains through the winter in some of
the warmer southern valleys: Tucson (Scott. 1. c), Colorado River, below Yuma
(Price, 1899, p. 92).

\

\

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 33

132. Ceryle americana septentrionalis Sharpe.

Texas Kingfisher.

Synonym — Ceryle americana.

Status — Coues (1866c, p. 263) observed this species at points on the Col-
orado River between Forts Mohave and Yuma, in September, 1865. Since that
time it was not again met with until February 13, 1910, when F. C. Willard se-
cured a single specimen, an adidt male, on the San Pedro River, near Fairbanks
(Willard, 1910c, p. 110). This specimen is now in the University of California
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (no. 13990).

133. Dryobates villosus leacothorectis Oberholser.

White-breasted Woodpecker.

Synonyms — Picus harrisii; Picas villosus harrisi; Dryobates villosus har-
risi ; Dcndrocopus harrisi; Dryobates villosus hyloscopus; Dryobates villosus
icastus.

Status — A common resident of the higher mountains throughout the state.
Breeds in the Canadian and Transition zones, but is of occasional occurrence in
winter in some of the lower valleys: Verde Valley in winter (Mearns, 1890a,
p. 251 ) ; Tucson, winter ( Bendire, 1895, p. 53).

134. Dryobates pubescens homorus Cabanis and Heine.

BatcheldEr Woodpecker.

Synonyms — Picas pubescens; Picas gairdneri; Picas pubescens gatrdueri;
Dryobates pubescens gairdneri; Dryobates pubescens orcoccus.

Status — There are but few records of the occurrence of this species in Ari-
zona. Henshaw (1875b, p. 388) met with it on the Gila River in October, Scott
( 1886, p. 426) secured a single specimen at Riverside (also on the Gila River) in
April, 1882, while Mearns (1890a, p. 252) found it breeding sparingly in the
pine and spruce zones of the San Francisco and Mogollon mountains.

135. Dryobates scalaris cactophilus Oberholser.

Cactus Woodpecker.

Synonyms — Picas scalaris; Dryobates scalaris; Dryobates scalaris bairdi.

Status — A common resident of the Lower Sonoran zone throughout south-
ern and western Arizona. It ranges north to Fort Apache, the south base of the
Mogollon Mountains, and Fort Whipple; along the Colorado River still farther
north: confluence of Beaverdam and Virgin rivers (Fisher, 1893b, p. 47).

136. Dryobates arizonae (Hargitt).

Arizona Woodpecker.

Synonyms — Picus stricklaudi ; Dryobates Strickland i ; Picus arizonae; Dcn-
drocopus arizonae.

Status — A common resident of the live-oak belt of the mountains of the ex-
treme southeastern corner of the state. Reported from the Santa Rita, Chirica-
hua, Huachuca, Whetstone, and Rincon mountains, and the east slope of the San-
ta Catalina Mountains.

\

\

34 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

137. Picoides americanus dorsalis Baird.

Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker.

Status — A resident of the Canadian zone (pine and spruce belts) of the
White, Mogollon and San Francisco mountains (Henshaw, 1875b, p. 391 ;
Mearns, 1890a, p. 252).

138. Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis Baird.

Red-naped Sapsucker.

Synonyms — Picas varius; Sphyrapicus varius; Sphyrapicus nuchalis.

Status — A fairly common migrant, and, in extreme southern Arizona and
along the Colorado River, a winter visitant. It has several times been reported
as "resident" in northern Arizona, but I know of no authentic breeding record.

[39. Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Cassin).

Williamson Sapsucker.

Synonym — Sphyrapicus williamsonU.

Status — Common resident in the Canadian zone of the higher parts of the
White, Mogollon and San Francisco mountains (Mearns, 1890a, p. 252). Farther
south it is a fairly common migrant and winter visitant in the mountains, while it
has once been reported from the Colorado River, at Fort Mohave (Cooper, 1861,
p. 121).

140. Melanerpes erythrocephalus (Linnaeus).

Red-headed Woodpecker.

Status — A single specimen was taken by Price in the Chiricahua Mountains,
in the spring of 1894 ( Bendire, 1895, p. 107). This is the only record for Ari-
zona.

141. Melanerpes formicivorus aculeatus Mearns.

Mearns Woodpecker.

Synonyms — Melanerpes formicivorus; Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi;
Melanerpes melanopogon, part; Balanosphyra fonnicirora aculeata.

Status — A common resident of the live-oak regions. In northern Arizona
ranges from the Grand Canon of the Colorado ( Merriam, 1890, p. 39), and Bill
Williams Mountain (Wetmore, 1908, p. 379) — but not on San Francisco Moun-
tain (see Merriam, 1890, p. 92) — west to the Hualpai Mountains (Stephens,
1903, p. 101) and Fort Whipple (Coues, 1866a, p. 55); extends southeastward-
ly throughout the state, on the southern boundary ranging west to the Santa Rita
Mountains. Absent from the arid southwestern portion, all that would be south
and west of a line drawn from the Hualpai to the Santa Rita Mountains. Re-
ported as a straggler at Sacaton, September 5, 1910 (Gilman, 1911a, p. 35).

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 35

^ 142. Asyndesmus lewisi Riley.

Lewis Woodpecker.

Synonyms — Celeus torquatus; Melanerpes torquatus; Asyndesmus torqua-

tits.

Status — Mentioned by Merriam (1890, p. 92) as breeding in the pifion and
cedar belt on San Francisco Mountain. Elsewhere in Arizona it has been noted
as an erratic visitant, present in numbers one year, and absent the next, but apt to
occur almost anywhere.

143. Centurus uropygialis Bainl.

Gila Woodpecker.

Synonyms — Me! an crpcs it ropygialis.

Status — A common resident of the Lower Sonoran zone in southern and
western Arizona. In the eastern part of the state it does not range north of the
Salt River, but it ascends the Colorado at least to Fort Mohave ; of occasional oc-
currence at Fort Whipple (Coues, 1866a, p. 54). It is practically restricted to
such parts of the valleys of the Gila River and its tributaries as lie in the Lower
Sonoran zone, and to the valley of the lower Colorado River.

\

144. Colaptes cafer collaris Vigors.

Red-shafted Flicker.

Synonyms — Colaptes rubricatus; Colaptes mexicanus; Colaptes auratus mexi-
canus; Colaptes cafer.

Status — Common resident, breeding in Upper Sonoran and Transition.
Breeding records from the Santa Catalina, Mogollon, Hualpai, Huachuca and
Santa Rita mountains. During the migrations and in the winter it is quite gener-
ally distributed.

145. Colaptes chrysoides mearnsi Ridgway.

Mearns Gilded Flicker.

Synonyms — Colaptes ayresii; Colaptes chrysoides.

Status — A common resident of the Lower Sonoran zone in parts of south-
ern and western Arizona, extending east to the Santa Rita and the east slope of
the Santa Catalina mountains, north to Fort Mohave. Its range is almost ab-
solutely coextensive with that of the giant cactus, the easternmost limit of the
species, some twenty-five miles southeast of Tucson, being abruptly defined along
the line marking the edge of the territory where the cactus grows. West of the
Santa Rita Mountains in the giant cactus region, the gilded flicker is abundant,
east of that range it is unknown. On the Colorado River it occurs at the few
points where the cactus is found, but it has also been taken in different associa-
tions, as at Fort Mohave (Cooper, 1861, p. 121).

36 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

146. Antrostomus vociferus macromystax (Wagler).

Stephens Whip-poor-will.

Synonyms — Antrostomus vociferus; Antrostomus vociferus arisonae.

Status — A fairly common summer visitant in some of the higher mountains
of southeastern Arizona. Found in high Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in
the Chiricahua, Santa Rita. Graham, Huachuca and Whetstone mountains. Re-
ported once from the Santa Catalina Mountains, in April (Scott, 1886, p. 429).

147. Phalaenoptilus nuttallii nuttallii (Audubon).

POORWILL.

Synonyms — Caprimulgus nuttallii; Antrostomus nuttallii; Phalaenoptilus
n ut t alii nit id us.

Status — A common summer visitant throughout the state. Definite breed-
ing records from Arizona are rare, but the birds have been taken or observed in
the breeding season in Lower Sonoran, Upper Sonoran, and the lower part of
the Transition zone. It has been found in December in the vicinity of Tucson
( Bendire, 1895, p. 153).

148. Chordeiles virginianus henryi Cassin.

Western Nighthawk.

Synonyms — Chordeiles virginianus; Chordeiles popetue; Chordeiles henryi,
part; Chordeiles popetue henryi.

Status — Common summer visitant of the higher mountains throughout the
state : Flagstaff, Fort Whipple, San Francisco Mountain, Hualpai Mountains,
Keam Canon, Whetstone Mountains, Huachuca Mountains. Apparently does not
occur below Upper Sonoran, even in the migrations. Has not been observed any-
where in southwestern Arizona.

149. Chordeiles acutipennis texensis Lawrence.

Texas Nighthawk.

Synonyms — Chordeiles texensis ; Chordeiles henryi, part.

Status — An abundant summer visitant of the Lower Sonoran zone in south-
ern and western Arizona. In the eastern part of the state it apparently does not
occur north of the Gila River; in the west it extends to a point some fifty miles
south of Fort Whipple (Cones, 1866a, p. 58), and, along the valley of the Col-
orado River, quite to the northern boundary of the state: mouth of Beaverdam
Creek (Fisher, 1893b, p. 53).

150. Chaetura vauxi (Townsend).

Vaux Swift.

Synonym — Aeanthylis pelasgia.

Status — Apparently a rare migrant in Arizona ; has been observed at but a
few points. Seen in the Santa Catalina Mountains in October (Scott. 1886, p.
429), at the Pima Indian Reservation on the Gila River, in September (Bren-
inger, 1901a, p. 45), in the Huachuca Mountains in May (Swarth, 1904b, p.
16), and along the Colorado River at Potholes, Yuma, and Pilot Knob, in April
and May (Mus. Vert. Zool.).

\

1914 WRDS OF ARIZONA 37

151. Aeronautes melanoleucus (Baird).

W 1 1 1 TE-T HROATED S\V [FT.

Synonyms — Acanthylis saxatalis; Cypselus melanoleucus; Panyptila mclano-
leuca; Micropus melanoleucus.

Status — Breeds commonly on rocky cliffs and precipices throughout the
state. Remains through the winter in parts at least of southern and western Ari-
zona.

152. Eugenes fulgens (Swainson).

Rivoli Hummingbird.
Status — A common summer visitant of some of the higher mountains of
southeastern Arizona. While apparently most numerous in the Huachuca and
Chiricahua mountains, it has been reported from the Santa Ritas, the San Luis
Mountains, the Santa Catalinas (one specimen, Rhoads, 1892, p. 117), and
Mount Graham ( Henshaw, 1875b, p. 379), the latter being probably its northern
limit. The vertical breeding range — where the nests are located — is about from
5000 to 7000 feet, but the adult males are usually to be found in high Transition,
above 8000 feet.

153. Cyanolaemus clemenciae (Lesson).

Blue-throated Hummixcrird.

Synonym — Cocligena clemenciae.

Status — A rather uncommon summer visitant in the damp shady canons of
the mountain ranges of southeastern Arizona. Has been found in the Santa Cata-
iina, Santa Rita, Chiricahua, San Luis, and Huachuca mountains. Nests and
eggs have been secured in the last mentioned range ( see Breniuger, 1903, p. 435 :
Willard, 191 1, p. 46).

154. Arehilochus alexandri (Eourcier and Mulsant).

Bl \ck-ch 1 n \i:n Hum m i ngpird.

Synonym — Trochilus alexandri.

Status — Very common summer visitant, found generally in foothill country
and along wooded streams. Ranges north into the Mogollon Mountains in cen-
tral Arizona, where Mearns ( 1890a, p. 255) found it breeding in the pine belt,
casually still farther north: 1 specimen, Keam Canon, July 31 (Fisher, 1903, p.
35). Breeds along the Colorado River to the northern boundary of the state.

155. Calypte costae (Bourcier).

Costa Hummingbird.

Synonyms — Selasphorus costae; AttJiis costae; Trochilus costae.

Status — Common summer visitant of the Lower Sonoran zone in southern
and western Arizona ; reported north to Fort Grant and Tucson in the east, and
to Fort Mohave on the Colorado River. A few seem to remain through the win-
ter as it has been found both at Bill Williams River (Baird, 1858, p. 138) and in
the extreme southwestern corner of Arizona ( Bendire, 1895, p. 202) in Febru-
ary. Though found breeding only at low altitudes, it is of common occurrence
in the high mountains during the migrations, especially in the late summer :
Huachuca Mountains, 5500 feet, July (Swarth, 1904b, p. 17).

38 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

156. Calypte anna (Lesson).

Anna Hummingbird.

Synonym — Trochilus anna.

Status — A rare autumnal visitant, reported from Camp Grant in September
(Henshaw, 1875b, p. 375), from the Santa Catalina Mountains in October (Scott,
1886, p. 431), and from the Huachuca Mountains in October (Fisher, 1904, p.
80).

157. Selasphorus platyeercus (Swainson).

Broad-tailed Hummingbird.

Syn on y m — Tro cJi ill is platyeercus.

Status — Common summer visitant in the higher parts of the Transition zone
and upward, throughout Arizona ; reported from practically all of the higher
mountain ranges visited by collectors : White Mountains, Camp Grant, Santa
Catalina Mountains, Mogollon Mountains, San Francisco Mountain, Hualpai
Mountains, Huachuca Mountains, Santa Rita Mountains. But one lowland rec-
ord: Sulphur Spring Valley (Osgood, 1903, p. 130).

158. Selasphorus rufus (Gmelin).

Rufous Hummingbird.

Synonyms — Poly t nuts rufus; Trochilus rufus.

Status — During the late summer this species is an exceedingly common mi-
grant in the higher mountains of the state. As it appears in numbers early in
July it has been occasionally reported as a "summer resident", but it undoubtedly
does not breed anywhere in Arizona. Tt is of comparatively rare occurrence in
the spring.

159. Selasphorus alleni Henshaw.

Allkn Hummingbird.

Synonym — Trochilus alleni.

Status — A rare visitant: A male secured in the Santa Catalina Mountains,
July 23, 1884 (Scott, 1886, p. 431) ; specimens taken in the vicinity of Bisbee in
August and September (Allen, 1893, p. 36) ; and in the Huachuca Mountains in
July, in 1896 and in 1902 (Swarth, 1904b, p. 19). These are all the records for
Arizona.

The Allen and Anna hummingbirds probably belong in the same category in
their manner of occurrence in Arizona : species that occasionally wander to this
exceptional distance only at the period of general dispersal in the late summer.
They can hardly be regarded as migrants, following a fixed path to a definite des-
tination.

X

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA .39

160. Atthis heloisa morcomi Ridgway.

Morcom Hum mingbird.

Synonym — Atthis morcomi.

Status — Known only from two adult females secured by H. G. Rising in
Ramsay Canon, in the Huachuca Mountains, July 2, 1896 (see Ridgway, 1898b,
p. 325). One of these two birds, the type, is in the United States National Mu-
seum; the second is in the University of California Museum of Vertebrate Zool-
ogy (no. 10299).

161. Stellula calliope (Gould).

Calliope Hummingbird.

Synonym — Tro.chilus calliope.

Status — A fairly common migrant, chiefly in the higher mountains, where it
makes its appearance in July and August. Scott (1886, p. 431) secured a speci-
men in the Santa Catalina Mountains, April T4, 1885, the only record I know of,
of its occurrence in the spring. It has been found in the White Mountains, at
Camp Grant and Camp Apache, in the Santa Catalina Mountains, and in the
Huachucas.

162. Calothorax lucifer (Swainscn).

Lucifer Hummingbird.
Synonym — Doricha cniatra.

Status — One specimen, an adult female, taken by Henshaw (1875b, p. 381)
at Fort Bowie, August 8, 1874. Not otherwise observed in Arizona.

163. Uranomitra salvini (Brewster).

Salvin Hummingbird.
Status — An immature female, the second known specimen, was shot by H. W.
Marsden in the Huachuca Mountains, July 4, 1905. This bird is in the collection
of L. B. Bishop (see Bishop, 1906, p. 337).

164. Basilinna leucotis (Vieillot).

White-Eared Hummingbird.

Status — Rare summer visitant to some of the higher ranges of southeastern
Arizona, reported from the Chiricahua, Santa Rita, and Huachuca mountains.
There are published records of about half a dozen specimens taken in Arizona
(see Fisher, 1894, p. 325; Swarth, 1904b, p. 19). It has not as yet been found
actually breeding in the state, though it probably does so.

165. Cynanthns latirostris Swainson.

Broad-billed Hummingbird.

Synonyms — Circe latirostris; J ache latirostris.

Status — A summer visitant, reported from the Santa Catalina. Santa Rita,
and Huachuca mountains, and from the Santa Cmz River west of the Patagonia
Mountains. Probably most abundant in the Santa Catalinas. where it is found
along the streams from 3500 to 5000 feet. In the Huachucas it is of very rare oc-

40 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

currence. Henshaw (1875b, p. 380), records three specimens of this humming-
bird "secured in the Chiricahua Mountains, at a point a few miles distant from old
Camp Crittenden." As old Camp Crittenden is many miles distant from the
Chiricahua Mountains, and in the foothills of the Santa Ritas, this would seem to
be a mistake, the more so as in a previous report on the same collections (1875a,
p. 162) mention is made of "three specimens secured in the Santa Rita Moun-
tains near the border line.*' Bendire ( 1895, p. 228) explicitly states that the
species is not yet recorded from the Chiricahua Mountains.

[66. Platypsaris aglaiae albiventris (Lawrence).

Xantus Becard.

Synonym — Platypsaris albiventris.

Status — Price ( 1888b, p. 425 ) secured a single specimen, a male bird, near
the summit of the Huachuca Mountains, June 20, 1888. This is the only record
for Arizona, and for the United States.

167. Tyrannus verticalis Say.

Western Kingbird.
Status — A common summer visitant in the Lower Sonoran zone of southern
'Mid western Arizona. Found in the valley of the Gila River, and along its more
southern tributaries, and also along the Colorado River. Though not reported
from any part of the high mountainous, central portion of the state, its presence
in the arid northeastern corner is attested by a July record from Keam Canon
(Fisher, 1903, p. 35).

168. Tyrannus vociferans Swainson.

Cassin Kingbird.

Status — Common summer visitant in parts of southeastern, and most of
central and northern, Arizona. Breeds mostly in the Upper Sonoran zone, in
places extending up into Transition. Reported from Nogales in January (Baird.
1858, ]). 174). Has not been found in the arid Lower Sonoran southwestern por-
tion of Arizona.

169. Myiodynastes luteiventris Sclater.

Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher.

Status — A fairly common summer visitant in the higher mountain ranges
of extreme southeastern Arizona. Has been found in the Santa Rita Mountains
(Henshaw. 1875a. p. 161), the Chiricahua Mountains (Henshaw 1875b, p.
346), and the Huachuca Mountains ( Swarth, 1904b, p. 21).

170. Myiarchus magister magister Ridgway.

Arizona Crested Flycatcher.

Synonyms — Myiarchus coopcri; Myiarchus mexicanus coopcri; Myiarchus
mcxicanus magister.

N

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 41

Status — A summer visitant in portion-, of southern am! western Arizona.
reported from the vicinity of Tucson and the Santa Cruz Valley (many records),
the Gila Valley about Florence and Riverside (Scott, 1887, p. 17), and. the north-
ernmost record, on the Big Sandy Creek, where Stephens (1903. p. 102) found
it breeding in July, [902. In southeastern Arizona, at least, its range coincides
exactly with that of the giant cactus, in which it nests.

171. Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens (Lawrence).

Ash -throated Flycatcher.
Synonyms — Myiarchns mexicanus; Myiarchus crinitus var. cinerascens;
Myiarchus nuttingi.

Status — Abundant summer visitant, mostly in the Lower Sonoran zone, in
southern and western Arizona, ranging" north to Forts Apache and Whipple, and
up the Colorado River the entire length of the state. It is also reported from
Keam Canon, in extreme northeastern Arizona, in July. Occurs as an occasional
winter visitant, having been noted at Phoenix in December (specimen in Field
Museum of Natural History), on the Gila River in December (Baird. 1858, p.
179). and at Fort Mohave in Tanuarv (Cooper, 1870, p. 316).

172. Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens Ridgway.

Olivaceous Flycatcher.

Synonyms — Myiarchus lawrencei; Myiarchus lawrencei olivaceus.

Status — Common summer visitant to 'a few mountain ranges of extreme
southeastern Arizona. Most abundant in the Huachucas and Santa Ritas, but
also reported from the Chiricahuas, the Whetstones, the Santa Catalinas (Scott,
1887. p. 18, one specimen), and, doubtfully, from Fort Grant (Bendire, 1895, p.
270). Restricted almost entirely to brushy canons of the LTpper Sonoran zone.

173. Sayornis sayus (Bonaparte).

Say Phoebe.

Synonym — Tyrannula saya.

Status — Exceedingly common summer visitant of the plains and valleys
throughout the state. Remains through the winter in southern Arizona : San Pedro
River; Santa Catalina foothills (Scott, 1887, p. 18) : and in the valley of the Colo-
rado River: Yuma (Price, 1899, p. 92).

174. Sayornis nigricans (Swainson).

Black Phoebe.

Synonym — Sayornis nigricans scmiatra.

Status — Resident in southern Arizona, irregularly distributed, and nowhere
very common. Though resident in the region, it is locally migratory, moving up
into the hills in summer (to about 6000 feet), and down to the lower valleys dur-
ing the winter months. It has been traced north to Fort Apache (Henshaw,
1875b. p. 347), Fort Yerde (Coale, 1894, p. 215), to a point a few miles south of
Fort Whipple (Cones, 1866a, p. 60), and, along the Colorado River, where it
is a winter visitant only, to Fort Mohave. Breeding records appear to be all
from points in Upper Sonoran. up to the lower edge of Transition.

42 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

175. . - Nuttallornis borealis (Swainson)

Olive-sidEd Flycatcher.

Synonym — Co nt opus borealis.

Status — Common in summer from the Transition zone upward, in the higher
mountains north of the Mogollon Plateau ; recorded as breeding on the San Fran-
cisco, White, and Mogollon mountains. During the migrations it is quite gen-
erally distributed.

176. Myiochanes pertinax pallidiventris (Chapman). . ..

Coues Flycatcher.

Synonyms — Contopus pertinax; Contopus pertinax pallidiventris; Horizo-
pits pertinax pallidiventris.

Status — Common summer visitant in the Transition zone of the mountains
of southeastern Arizona (Huachuca, Santa Rita, Santa Catalina and White
mountains, Mount Graham, etc.), extending northward, in diminishing numbers,
to the Mogollon Mountains, where it was found breeding at Raker's Butte
(Mearns, 1890a, p. 256); casually to Fort Whipple: 1 specimen, August 20,
1864 (Cones, 1866a, p. 60).

177. Myiochanes richardsoni richardsoni (Swainson).

Western Wood Pewee.

Synonyms — Contopus richardsoni ; Contopus virens richardsoni ; Horizopus
richardsoni; Contopus velici.

Status — Common in summer in Upper Sonoran and Transition throughout
the state. During the migrations it is generally distributed.

178. Empidonax difficilis difficilis Baird.

Western Flycatcher.

Synonym — Empidonax flaviventris var. difficilis.

Status — A fairly common summer visitant, mostly in Transition, occurring
in all the higher mountain ranges. .Abundant and of general distribution during
the migrations.

179. Empidonax trailli trail) i (Audubon).

Traill Flycatcher.

Synonyms — Empidonax pusillus; Empidonax trailli var. pusillus.

Status — Probably fairly common in summer along most of the wooded
streams in the lower valleys, though found actually breeding at but a few points :
Tucson, Fort Whipple, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River. During the migra-
tions it is abundant and generally distributed.

180. Empidonax hammondi (Xantus).

PJammond Flycatcher.
Status — A migrant, abundant and generally distributed throughout the state.
It is not known to breed anvwhere in Arizona.

\

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 43

181. Empidonax wrighti Baird.

Wr 1 ( ; 1 it Flycatc h er.

Synonym — Empidonax obscanis, part.

Status — A fairly common migrant, at least in eastern Arizona. I know of
no authentic instance of the breeding of this species in the state.

[82. Empidonax griseus Brewster.

Gray Flycatcher.

Synonyms — Empidonax obscurus, part ; Empidonax wrightii, part.

Status — This species and the last (E. wrightii) have been so hopelessly con-
fused in years past that it is impossible to allocate the various citations with ac-
curacy, but it is certain that E. griseus has been many times mentioned under the
name of the allied species. Both are migrants in Arizona, and both probably oc-
cur (E. griseus certainly) across the breadth of the state. Of neither form, how-
ever, is there any undoubted breeding record for Arizona. E. griseus is prob-
ably to be found in winter in the wanner parts of southern Arizona, and along
the lower Colorado River.

183. Empidonax fulvifrons pygmaeus Coues.

Buff-breasted Flycatcher.

Synonyms — Empidonax pygmaeus; Mitrephorus pallescens ; Mitrcphorus
fulvifrons var. pallescens.

Status — A summer visitant, nowhere very common, but found in several of
the mountain ranges of southeastern Arizona. It breeds mostly at the lower edge
of the Transition zone, but is very locally distributed — thus it may be fairly com-
mon in one canon, and almost unknown in an adjoining one. Has heen
found breeding in the Chiricahua, Huachuca, and Santa Rita mountains, and mi-
grating birds have been taken at Forts Apache and Bowie. The subspecies was
described from a specimen secured by Coues at Fort Whipple, which would seem
to be its extreme northern limit. It has so far not been found in the Mogollon
Mountains, which lie south of that point, but the fact of its breeding at Inscription
Rock, New Mexico — close to the Arizona boundary (Henshaw, 1874, p. 128),
points to the probability of its doing so in the Mogollons.

184. Pyocephalus rubinus mexicanus Sclater.

Yermiliox Flycatcher.

Synonyms — Pyroccplialns rubineus; Pyrocephalus mexicanus.

Status — An abundant resident along the wooded streams of southern and
western Arizona, locally migratory, but occurring in the warmer parts of the re-
gion throughout the year. In a general way it may be said to be restricted to the
Lower Sonoran zone in the valleys of the Colorado and Gila rivers, and their
tributaries. In central Arizona it extends north to Fort Verde (Coale. 1894, p.
218) ; casually to Fort Whipple (Coues, 1865, pp. 163. 538, 1 specimen) ; along the
Colorado River, to the Big Sandy. Bill Williams River, and Ehrenberg (Stephens.
1903, p. 102), casually to Fort Mohave (Cooper, T870, p. 333; one seen May 24).
In eastern Arizona does not range north of the Salt River.

X

44 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

J85. Camptostoma imberbe Sclater.

Beardless Flycatcher.

Synonym — Omithion imberbe ridgwayi

vStatus — A rare summer visitant, known to occur in only a limited area in
the Santa Cruz Valley, in the vicinity of Tucson. The conditions apparently re-
quired by the species, dense growths of tall timber, are met with in Arizona at so
very few points, at the low altitudes frequented by the species, that its known
range will probably not be greatly extended in the state.

1 86. Otocoris alpestris leucolaema (Cones).

Desert Horned Lark.

Synonyms — (?) Otocoris alpestris, part; (?) Eremophila cornuta, part;
Eremophila alpestris var. chrysolaema, part ; Otoeorys arenicola, part ; Otocoris
alpestris arenicola, part ; Otocoris alpestris enthymia.

Status — Common winter visitant. There are numerous winter records of
horned larks from the northern and central portion of Arizona, some of which are
known to pertain to this subspecies, and others that probably do so.

187. Otocoris alpestris adusta D wight.

Scorched Horned Lark.

Synonyms — Ercmopliila alpestris chrysolaema, part; (?) Otocoris alpestris
chrysolaema, part ; Otocoris alpestris aphrasta.

Status — Common resident on the plains of extreme southeastern Arizona,
from the west side of the Santa Rita Mountains ( Swarth, 1905a, p. 79) east to
Fort Bowie ( Bendire, 1895, p. 345). North to Tucson and Oracle. Other
points of record are Fort Huachuca, San Pedro River, Greaterville, Willow
Spring, Sulphur Spring, and Wilcox.

188. Otocoris alpestris pallida Dwight.

Sonora Horned Lark.

Synonyms — Otocoris alpestris arenicola, part; Otocoris alpestris leiicansip-
tila.

Status — Resident on the desert plains of extreme southwestern Arizona, and
probably northward in the Colorado Valley to southern Nevada (cf. Oberholser,
1902, pp. 864-866).

189. Otocoris alpestris occidentalis McCall.

Montezuma Horned Lark.

Synonyms — Ercmopliila cornuta, part; Ercmophila alpestris chrysolaema,
part; Otocoris alpestris adusta, part; Otocoris alpestris arenicola, pait; (?)
Otocoris alpestris actia.

Status — Breeding, and perhaps resident, in northern and central Arizona,
north of the Mogollon Divide, and west to Fort Whipple (Coues, 1866a, p. 79).
There are breeding records from San Francisco Mountain, Fort Verde, and the
Little Colorado River (Oberholser. 1902, p. 855). In the Mogollon Mountains
it. has been found breeding up to 10,000 feet (Mearns, 1890a, p. 256). Local-
ities at which it has been found at other seasons are Pima County, Wilcox, San
Pedro River, and Fort Huachuca.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 45

190. Pica pica hudsonia (Sabine).

Magpie.

Synonyms — Pica hudsonica; Pica caudata var. hudsonica.

Status — Secured by Kennedy (1856, p. 10) on tbe Little Colorado River.
Recorded by Hensbaw ( 1874, p. 123) from the Rio Puerco, at a point sixty miles
west of Wing-ate, New Mexico, and hence well within the Arizona boundary.
Not otherwise recorded from the state.

191. Cyanocitta stelleri diademata (Bonaparte).

Long-crested Jay.

Synonyms — Cyanocorax stelleri; Cyanocitta macrolopha ; Cyanurd macro-
lopha; Cyanura stelleri var. macrolopha; Cyanocitta stelleri macrolopha , Cyai'oai-
ta s.'elieri.

Status — A common resident of the mountains throughout the state from the
Transition zone upward. In northern Arizona it ranges west as far as the Grand
Canon of the Colorado ( Merriam, 1890, p. 39). and the Hualpai Mountains
(Stephens, 1003, p. 102). Though resident at high altitudes it occasionally wand-
ers into the lowlands, far from the mountains, as observed at Sacaton in Novem-
ber, 1010, by Gilman (1911a, p. 35).

[92. Aphelocoma woodhousei (Baird).

Woodhouse Jay.

Synonyms — Cyanocorax calif ornica; Cyanocitta calif 'arnica ; Cyanocitta wood-
honseii; Cyanocitta floridana var. woodhousei; Aphelocoma floridana var. zvood-
housei.

Status — Fairly common resident, mostly in Upper Sonoran, and occurring in
favorable localities throughout the state. Has not been observed anywhere in
southwestern Arizona, west of Sacaton, nor along the Colorado River below the
Grand Canon.

[93. Aphelocoma sieberi arizonae (Ridgway).

Arizona Jay.

Synonyms — Cyanocitta sordida; Cyanocitta ultramarina var. arizonae;
Aphelocoma sordida arizonae.

Status — An abundant resident of the live oak regions of the mountain ranges
of southeastern Arizona. It has been reported from the Santa Rita, Chiricahua.
Santa Catalina. Huachuca, Dragoon, Whetstone, and Rincon mountains. Mount
Graham, and from a point thirty miles south of Camp Apache, apparently the
northern limit of the species.

194. Perisoreus canadensis capitalis Ridgway.

Rocky Mountain Jay.

Status — Reported only from the White Mountains, where it is apparently a
not uncommon resident (Hensbaw, 1875b, p. 339; Mearns, 1890a, p. 256).

X

\

46 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

195. Corvus corax sinuatus Wagler.

American Raven.

Synonyms — Corvus corax ; Corvus splendens; Corvus cacalotl; Corvus car-
uivorns; Corns corax camivorus.

Status — Apparently to be found throughout the year in nearly all parts of
Arizona. It appears to breed mostly in the higher mountains, though it is a com-
mon sight to see ravens in summer, probably non-breeding birds, almost anywhere
in the lower valleys.

196. Corvus cryptoleucus Couch.

White-necked Raven.
Status — Has been observed only in the extreme southeastern corner of Ari-
zona, in Cochise County, and west and north to Oracle, Tucson, and the valley of
the Santa Cruz River. It is restricted wholly to the Lower Sonoran zone, and is
mainly a summer visitant to the region. Some remain throughout the winter in
favorable localities: Wilcox, November (Bailey, 1903, p. 87) ; San Pedro River,
February (Willard, 1910c, p. no).

197. Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis Ridgway.

Western Crow.

Synonym — Corvus amcrican us.

Status — A very uncommon species in most parts of Arizona. I know of but
four records for the state; at Fort Apache in November (Henshaw, 1875a, p.
160) ; in the Santa Catalina Mountains and at Mineral Creek during the migra-
tions (Scott, 1887, p. 21); breeding commonly in the Mogollon Mountains
(Mearns, 1890a, p. 256) ; and uncommon in the vicinity of San Francisco Moun-
tain (Merriam, 1890, p. 94).

^ 198. Nucifraga columbiana (Wilson).

Clarke Nutcracker.

Synonym — Picicorvus columbianus.

Status — Recorded as breeding in the higher parts of San Francisco Moun-
tain, where it is common (Merriam, 1890, p. 94). Adults seen feeding full-
grown young in the Santa Catalina Mountains, May 21, T904 ( F. C. Willard,
MS). During the migrations and in winter, it has been noted at irregular inter-
vals at scattered points: Fort Whipple, White Mountains, Huachuca Moun-
tains, etc., and even from the desert region at Sacaton, on one occasion, October
17, 1910 (Gilman, 1911a, p. 35).

\, 199, Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus (Wied).

Pinon Jay.

Synonym — Gymnokitta cyanoccphala.

Status— A resident about Fort Whipple, according to Coues (1866a, p. 91).
It has also been reported as breeding in the pihon belt of San Francisco Moun-
" tain (Merriam, 1890, p. 94), and in the vicinity of Williams (Wetmore, 1908,
p. 380). It is an erratic visitant to other parts of Arizona (Huachuca Moun-
tains, Santa Catalina Mountains, Gila River, Keam Canon, etc.).

X

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 47

200. Molothrus ater obscurus (Gmelin).

Dwarf Cowbird.

Synonyms — Molothrus pecoris; Molothrus pecoris var. obscurus; Molothrus
obscurus; Molothrus ater.

Status — Found in the greatest abundance in the valleys of the Colorado and
Gila rivers, and their tributaries, and up into the foothills of the adjacent moun-
tains. .Most abundant as a summer visitant, and reported from many localities,
north to the Mogollon Mountains (Mearns, 1890a, p. 257), Fort Whipple
(Cones, 1866a, p. 90), and Fort Mohave ( Mus. Vert. Zool.). Remains through-
out the winter on the lower Colorado River. The only winter record 1 know of
outside of the Colorado Valley is of a single specimen taken by Bendire ( 1895,
p. 44) on Rillito Creek, near Tucson, January 24, 1873.

201. Tangavius aeneus aeneus (Wagler).

Bronzed Cowbird.
Synonym — Tangavius aeneus involucratus.

Status — An occasional summer visitant in the hot valleys of extreme south-
ern Arizona. Seen in the vicinity of Tucson during the summer of 1909, from
April to September (Visher, 1909, p. 307; 1910, p. 210) ; and at Sacaton, also in
the summer of 1909 (Oilman, 1910, p. 46).

202. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonaparte).

Yellow-headed Blackbird.

Synonyms — Agelaius xanthocephalus ; Xanthocephalus icterocephalus ; Xan-
thocephalus lougipes.

Status — Reported as breeding in the Mogollon Mountains (Mearns, 1890a,
p. 257) and at Fort Whipple (Cones, 1866a, p. 91). It winters commonly south
of the Gila River (Tucson, Fort Huachuca, etc.), and along the Colorado River
from Fort Mohave southward.

203. Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis Ridgway.

Sonora Rkd-winged Blackbird.

Synonyms — Agelaius guberuator, part; Agelaius phoeniceus, part; Agelaius
phoeniceus longirostris.

Status — A common resident in the valley of the Colorado River, at least. Its
manner of occurrence in other parts of Arizona has yet to be determined.

204. Agelaius phoeniceus fortis Ridgway.
Northern Red-winged Blackbird.

Status — According to Ridgway (1902, p. 339) this subspecies occurs dur-
ing the migrations as far south as "Arizona (Fort Verde, December, February:
Big Chino Valley, March)."

205. Agelaius phoeniceus neutralis Ridgway.

San Diego Red-winged Blackbird.
Synonyms — ( ?) Agelaius phoeniceus, part; (?) Agelaius guberuator, part ;
Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis, part.

4S PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

Status — The status of the red-winged blackbirds of Arizona is as yet unset-
tled. The type of A. p. sonoriensis came from Fort Grant, in southeastern Ari-
zona,* but breeding birds examined from the San Pedro River, in the same gen-
eral region, are A. />. neutralis. It may be that one form (sonoriensis) breeds
along the Colorado River and the lower Gila, these river valleys being the only
portion of the Lower Sonoran zone which is adapted to the species ; and that the
other (neutralis) occupies the higher Upper Sonoran zone in northern and east-
ern Arizona. At any rate some form of the red-winged blackbird breeds in suit-
able localities throughout the state. Along the Colorado River, and in the val-
leys of southern Arizona, they are to be found the year through ; in the winter
months the several varieties possibly occur together in the same places.

206. Sturnella magna hoopesi Stone.

Texas Meadowlark.

Synonym — Sturnella magna mexicana.

Status — Known to occur along the United States-Mexican boundary line, at
least in eastern Arizona, specimens having been taken at Camp Crittenden, Fort
Huachuca and Calabasas ; also reported from the vicinity of Williams, in the
northern part of the state (Wetmore, 1908, p. 381).

207. Sturnella neglecta Audubon.

Western Meadowlark.

Synonym — Sturnella magna neglecta.

Status- — Resident throughout the state, but irregularly and locally 'dis-
tributed, and, for the most part, not very common. In the Mogollon Mountains,
ranges up to 10,000 feet ( Mearns, 1890a, p. 257). In southern Arizona occurs
in the Lower Sonoran valleys only.

208. Icterus parisorum Bonaparte.

Scott Oriole.

Status — An abundant migrant and fairly common summer visitant in parts
of southeastern and central Arizona. It is distinctly a bird of the Upper Sonoran
zone, known to breed in southern Arizona, in the foothill regions of the Hua-
chuca, Santa Rita, Santa Catalina, Rincon, Quijotoa and Whetstone mountains :
doubtless it is to be found in other ranges in the same general region which have
not been reported upon. Has also been found in summer at Oracle (Rhoads,
1892, p. 120) and at Beale Spring in western Arizona (Stephens, 1903, p. 102).
Has not been found in southwestern Arizona, nor at any point along the Colorado
River, except for one bird doubtfully identified at Fort Mohave (Cooper, 1870, p.
276).

* According to the A. O. U. Check-List, 1910 ed , p. 233. Ridgway (Birds North and Middle America, II,
1902, p. 337) gives it as Mazatlan, western Mexico.

\

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 49

209. Icterus cucullatus nelsoni Ridgway.

Arizona Hooded Oriole.

Synonym — Icterus cucullatus.

Status — Common summer visitant of the Lower Sonoran zone in southern
Arizona, ranging- north to Fort Grant in the east (Coues, 1868, p. 84), and to
the Big Sandy and Bill Williams River, in the western parts of the state
(Stephens, 1903, p. 103). Found breeding near Pilot Knob, on the California side
of the Colorado River (Mus. Vert. Zool.).

210. Icterus bullocki (Swainson).

Bullock Oriole.
Status — Summer visitant, found in suitable localities throughout the state.
In southern Arizona its range overlaps that of /. c. nelsoni, but it is much less
abundant than that species. Points of record are all in the Upper and Lower
Sonoran zones ; it has not been found in the high central plateau region. Breeds
commonly along the Colorado River, at least as far up as The Needles (Mus.
Vert. Zool.).

211. Euphagus cyanocephalus (Wagler).

Brewer Blackbird.

Synonyms — Scolccophagus ferrugineus; S\colccophagus cyanocephalus.

Status — An abundant migrant and winter visitant throughout southern
Arizona. There are but few definite breeding records for any part of the state.
It is known to breed commonly in the Mogollon and San Francisco mountains
(Mearns, 1890a, p. 257), and Coues (1866a, p. 90) speaks of it as a summer
resident at Fort Whipple. Otherwise it has been observed in all parts of Ari-
zona as a transient or as a winter visitant.

212. Hesperiphona vespertina montana Ridgway.

Western Evening Grosbeak.

Synonyms — Hesperiphona vespertina; Coccothraustcs vespertina ; Cocco-
thraustes vespertina montana.

Status — Breeds in the high mountains of central Arizona : San Francisco
Mountain (Merriam, 1890, p. 95), White Mountains (Swinburne, 1888a, p. 113),
Mogollon Mountains (Mearns, 1890a, p. 246); occasionally in some of the
ranges farther south; Santa Catalina and Huachuca mountains (Willard, 1910a,
p. 60). During the migrations and in winter it is reported from various scat-
tered localities : Pluachuca Mountains, Santa Catalina Mountains, Fort Verde,
and Fort Apache.

213. Carpodacus purpureus californicus Baird.

California Purple Finch.
Status — The only Arizona record is that of Scott (1887, p. 196), who found
the species abundant in the Santa Catalina Mountains from November, 1885, to
February, 1886.

50 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

214. Carpodacus cassini Baird.

Cassin Purple Finch.

Synonyms — Carpodacus purpureus; Carpodacus pileatus.

Status — Reported as a resident in the pine belt of the Mogollon Mountains
(Mearns, 1890a. p. 258). During the migrations and in winter it is quite gen-
erally distributed : Fort Whipple (Coues, 1866a, p. 80); Pueblo Creek and
Aztec Mountains, January (Kennedy, 1859, p. 27) ; Bill Williams Mountain,
March ( Wetmore, 1908, p. 381). In southern Arizona as a winter visitant only,
seldom descending into the low valleys, but common in the higher mountains :
Santa Catalina Mountains and Tucson (Scott, 1887, p. 197); Dragoon Moun-
tains (Osgood, 1903, p. 131) ; Huachuca Mountains (Swarth, 1908, p. 113).

215. Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis (Say).

House Finch.

Synonyms — Fringilla frontalis; Carpodacus familiaris; Carpodacus calif or-
niciis; Carpodacus cassini, part; Carpodacus mexicanus obscurus; Carpodacus
frontalis.

Status — Fairly common resident throughout the state, though locally mi-
gratory. Breeds below Transition ; restricted to the warmer valleys in winter.
Occurs nowhere in Arizona in such large numbers as are seen on the Pacific
coast of California.

v 216. Loxia curvirostra stricklandi Ridgway.

Mexican Crossbill.

Synonyms — Curvirostra auicricana ; Loxia curvirostra var. aiucricana; Loxia
curvirostra mexicana.

Status — Breeds from the Transition zone upwards in the mountains of the
high plateau region: Williams, breeding (Wetmore, 1908, p. 382): Mogollon
Mountains (Mearns, 1890a, p. 258); possibly in some of the more southern
ranges also. Noted at various scattered points (usually at high altitudes) during
the migrations, and in the winter: San Francisco Mountain, Grand Canon, Mount
Graham, Huachuca, Santa Catalina and Chiricahua mountains.

x 217. Passer domesticus (Linnaeus).

English Sparrow .
Status — Common at the present time in most of the larger towns and along
the railroads. The species reached Tucson in 1903, and Tombstone in 1904
(Howard, 1906, p. 67). Also recorded from Benson, Flagstaff, Williams, Phoe-
nix and Mellen.

\, 218. Astragalinus tristis pallidus (Mearns).

Pale Goldfinch.
Synonyms — Chrysoniitris tristis; Spinus tristis; Spin us tristis pallidus.
Status — From the paucity of records this is evidently a rare species in
Arizona. Henshaw (1875a, p. 158) cities Bendire as having observed it at Tuc-
son: Scott (1887, p. 197) secured six specimens in the Santa Catalina Moun-
tains in December, 1885. and February, 1886; and Mearns (1890a, p. 244)
found it, apparently abundant, at Fort Verde in winter and spring.

\

\

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 51

219. Astragalinus psaltria hesperophilus Oberholser.

Green-backed Goldfinch.
Synonyms — Chrysomitris psaltria; Chrysomitris mcxicana; Chrysomitris
mexicanus var. arizonae; Chrysomitris psaltria var. arizonae; Astragalinus

psaltria arizonae; Astragalinus psaltria; Spinus psaltria; Spinas psaltria ari-
zonae.

Status — Occurs below Transition throughout the state. In northern Ari-
zona it is a summer visitant only, as is the case in the mountain ranges of the
south as well. In the lower valleys of southern Arizona it occurs irregularly
throughout the year. Noted as a common resident, and found breeding, along the
Colorado River, between Needles and Yuma (Mus. Vert. Zool.).

220. * Astragalinus lawrencei (Cassin).

Lawrence Goldfinch.

Synonyms— Chrysomitris lawrencei; Spinus lawrencei.

Status — Winter visitant, probably regularly, though in small numbers, to
the Colorado Valley; of rare and irregular occurrence elsewhere. Cones (1866a,
p. 83) noted it at Fort Whipple, and Cooper (1870, p. 171) at Fort Mohave
during the winter months.

Its observation on the Colorado River at Riverside Mountain. March 17,
1910 -(Mus. Vert. Zool.), although on the California side of the stream, is con-
firmatory of its probably regular occurrence in this region in winter. Scott
(1887, p. 199) recorded a specimen taken by Herbert Brown at Tucson, Febru-
ary 28, 1886, and Price ( 1899, p. 92) reported it from the vicinity of Yuma in
December. These are the only records.

221. Spinus pinus (Wilson).

Pine Siskin.

Synonym — Chrysomitris pinus.

Status — Common resident in the high mountains of the plateau region : San
Francisco Mountain, breeding (Merriam, 1890, p. 95) ; Mogollon Mountains,
resident (Mearns, 1890a, p. 258) ; breeding at least as far south as Mount Gra-
ham (Henshaw, 1875a, p. 158). Common in winter in the higher ranges of
southern Arizona : Chiricahua, Santa Catalina and Huachuca mountains ; and of
occasional occurrence in the valleys during the migrations : San Pedro River,
April (Swarth, 1904b, p. 37).

222. Calcarius ornatus (Townsend).

Chestnut-collared Longspur.

Synonyms — Plcctrophancs melanomas; Plectrophanes ornatus.

Status — Abundant migrant, and, less commonly, a winter visit-ant in extreme
eastern Arizona, reported from St. Johns, Fort Grant, Fort Huachuca, Fort
Bowie, Sulphur Spring Valley, etc. ; occasionally straggling farther westward :
Santa Catalina Mountains, November 11, 1885; Fort Whipple, 1 specimen, Oc-
tober 17, 1864: Sacaton, October 25, 1909.

52 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

223. Rhynchophanes mccowni (Lawrence).

MCCOWN LONGSPUR.

Synonym — Plectrophancs maccownii.

Status— Occurs in the same manner as Calcarius ornatus, and over practi-
cally the same territory in eastern Arizona. It is more irregular in its appear-
ance and usually not as abundant as the Chestnut-collared Longspur. Reported
from Fort Bowie, Fort Apache. St. Johns, Sulphur Spring Valley, Fort Huachuca,
and Fort Lowell.

224. Pooecetes gramineus confinis Baird.

Western Vesper Sparrow.

Synonyms — Zonotricliia granunca; Pooecetes gramineus.

Status — The only breeding records are from the Mogollon and San Francisco
mountains (Mearns, 1890a, p. 259), and Fort Whipple (Coues, 1866a, p. 84).
It is exceedingly abundant in winter and during the migrations, throughout
southern Arizona and along the valley of the Colorado River.

225. Passerculus sandwichensis alaudinus Bonaparte.

Western Savannah Sparrow.

Synonyms — Passerculus saz'anna; Passerculus alaudinus, part; Ainnio-
dranrus sandzvichensis alaudinus.

Status — A migrant and winter visitant in the valleys of southern Arizona
and along the Colorado River. There are but few records of the occurrence
of the species, and it does not appear to have been found anywhere in abundance.

226. Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis Grinnell.

Nevada Savannah Sparrow.

Synonym — Passerculus alaudinus, part.

Status — The record by Coues ( 1866a, p. 84) of the occurrence of a Savannah
sparrow as a common summer visitant at Fort Wdiipple probably pertains to this
subspecies. Three specimens taken on the Colorado River, two near the mouth of
Bill Williams River, March 13, and one five miles north of Laguna, April 22,
1910 (Mus. Vert. Zool.).

227. Passerculus rostratus rostratus (Cassin).

Large-billed Sparrow.
Status— "Casual in Arizona" (A. O. U. Check-List, 1910, p. 255). This
record was based on a specimen taken August 15, 1902, at Yuma, by Herbert
Brown, and sent to the Biological Survey for identification, according to in-
formation received by me from Mr. W. W. Cooke.

228. Ammodramus bairdi (Audubon).

Baird Sparrow.

Synonyms— On/r0»Y.r bairdi; Passerculus bairdi; Coturniculus bairdi.

Status — Common migrant on the open grassy plains of the extreme south-
eastern corner of the state, reported from Camp Grant, Camp Crittenden, and
the vicinity of the Huachuca Mountains. A few probably remain through the
winter in favorable localities.

X

%

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 53

229. Ammodramus savannarum bimaculatus Swainson.

WESTERN Grasshopper Sparrow.

Synonyms — Ammodramus passerinus; Coturniculus passerinus; Coturni-
culits passerinus var. perpallidus ; Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus; Am-
nwdromus savannarum; Coturniculus savannarum bimaculatus.

Status — Reported only from western and southern Arizona. Probably
breeds in parts of southern Arizona, at least, as Henshaw (1875b, p. 257) se-
cured very young birds in the Sonoita Valley, at the southeastern base of the
Santa Rita Mountains; while there is a specimen recorded as taken at Los
Nogales in June (Baird, 1859, p. 15). It has been taken at Bill Williams River
in February ( Kennedy, 1859, p. 28), and in the Santa Catalina Mountains in
January (Scott, 1887, p. 199).

230. Chondestes grammacus strigatus Swainson.

Western Lark Sparrow.

Synonym — Chondestes grammaca.

Status— -Common summer visitant in suitable localities throughout Arizona.
Breeding- records are from points in Lower and Upper Sonoran, up to the lower
edge of Transition ; Santa Catalina Mountains up to 5000 feet ( Scott, 1887, p.
199) ; Mogollon and San Francisco mountains, summer resident (Mearns, 1890a,
p. 259); Huachuca Mountains, summer visitant (Swarth, 1904b, p. 39); etc.
Locally migratory ; during the winter months restricted mainly to the warmer
valleys of the southern and western parts of the ^tate : San Pedro River, Febru-
ary ( Willard, 1910c, p. no) ; Tucson, resident (Scott, 1. c. ) ; Yuma, December
(Price, 1899, p. 92).

231. Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys (Forster).

White-crowned Sparrow.

Status — A common migrant throughout Arizona, usually in company with
Zonotrichia I. gambeli. Possibly a few remain through the winter in parts of
southern Arizona, though there is no authentic instance on record. Mearns
( 1890a, p. 259) found the species at the base of San Francisco Mountain in
June, "apparently breeding". It has not otherwise been found in the summer.
Noted as a transient in the Colorado Valley between Needles and Yuma (Mus.
Vert. Zool.).

232. Zonotrichia leucophrys gambeli (Nuttall).

Intermediate Sparrow.

Synonvms — Zonotrichia leucophrys, part; Zonotrichia gambclii; Zonotrichia
leucophrys intermedia; Zonotrichia intermedia.

Status — Abundant migrant throughout the state. Winter records are all from
points south and west of the Mogollon Divide; Colorado River Valley from
Fort Mohave southward, Fort Whipple, San Pedro River, etc., where it is com-
mon during the winter months.

54 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

2$2>- Spizella monticola ochracea Brewster.

WESTERN Tree; Sparrow.

Synonyms — Spizella canadensis; Spizella monticola.

Status — Kennerly ( 1859, p. 29) found this species in December on the Little
Colorado River, while Henshaw (1875a, p. 159) reported it, on the authority of
Bendire, as of occasional occurrence in winter in the vicinity of Tucson. These
are the only records for the state.

234. Spizella passerina arizonae Coues.

Western Chipping Sparrow.

Synonyms — Spizella socialis ; Spizella socialis arizonae.

Status — Common summer visitant in parts of central Arizona. Found
breeding" at Fort Whipple (Cones, 1866a, p. 87), and on the Mogollon and San
Francisco mountains (Mearns, 1890a. p. 259). In southern Arizona it is a
very abundant migrant, and in the warmer valleys a winter visitant also. Ob-
served in some numbers along the Colorado River, from The Needles southward
in February, March, and April; seen at Potholes, May 1. under conditions pos-
sibly indicative of breeding (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Two specimens taken by Cooper
at Fort Mohave, December 24, i860 (in Mus. Vert. Zool.).

235. Spizella pallida (Swainson).

Clay-colored Sparrow.

Synonym — Spizella pusio.

Status — Henshaw (1875b, p. 278) secured specimens at Camp Crittenden
in September ;. and Scott (1887, p. 200) met with the species at Mineral Creek in
March, October, and November. These seem to be the only Arizona records.
It is highly probable that Cooper's ( i86t, p. 122) reference to Spizella pallida as
common in April in the vicinity of Fort Mohave, really pertains to S. breweri.

236. Spizella breweri Cassin,

Brewer Sparrow.

Synonyms- — Spizella pallida, part; Spizella pallida var. breweri.

Status — Reported as breeding at Fort Whipple (Coues, 1866a, p. 87). and
in the Huachuca Mountains (Willard, 1908b, p. 206), and as probably breeding
on the Desert of the Little Colorado (Merriam, 1890, p. 96). In the northern
and central parts of the state it is a summer visitant only, but in the lowlands
of southern Arizona it remains in numbers throughout the winter, as is also the
case along the Colorado River from The Needles southward (Mus. Vert. Zool.).

27,/. Spizella atrogularis (Cabanis).

Black-chinned Sparrow.

Synonym — Spizella evura.

Status — There are but few records of the occurrence of this species in Ari-
zona. Found at Fort Whipple as a rare summer visitant but common migrant
(Coues, 1866a, p. 87) ; specimens secured at Mineral Creek in October, and in
the Santa Catalina Mountains in February (Scott, 1887, p. 200) ; found breeding
in the Hualpai Mountains at 6000 feet (Stephens, 1903, p. 103) ; and noted on
one occasion in the Huachuca Mountains in April (Swarth, 1904b, p. 40).

\

\

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 55

238. Junco hyemalis hyemalis (Linnaeus).

Slat k c< »l< >red J u x co.
Status — Has been reported in winter from many scattered points: Fort
Whipple, Fort Mohave, Santa Catalina Mountains, Huachuca Mountains, Wil-
liams, etc. Never at all common, but usually found in flocks composed of the
various species of j uncos wintering in the region.

239. Junco montanus Ridgway.

Montana Junco.
Synonym — Junco hyemalis montanus.

Status — "In winter south to Arizona (Tucson)" (Ridgway, 1901, p. 290).
I know of no other record.

240. Junco oreganus thurberi Anthony.

Sierra Junco.

Synonyms — Junco oregonus, part; Junco hyemalis thurberi.

Status- — As this species has been found in abundance in winter in the
Huachua Mountains, of extreme southeastern Arizona (Swarth, 1904b, p. 40)
it will doubtless prove to be a common winter visitant in all suitable places west
of that point. There is record of a specimen from Fort Whipple (Ridgway,
1901, p. 288). There. is a specimen in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (no.
4143) taken by J. G. Cooper at Fort Mohave, December 24. i860.

241. Junco oreganus shufeldti Coale.

Shueeldt Junco.

Synonyms- — Struthus oregonus; Junco oregonus, part; Junco hyemalis ore-
gonus; Junco connectens ; Junco hyemalis eonueeteus.

Status — A common winter visitant reported from all parts of Arizona, but
generally favoring the mountains and the foothill regions, rather than the more
open valleys. Nearly all of the numerous records of Junco oregonus in Arizona
are considered by Ridgway ( 1901, p. 285) to pertain to this subspecies.

242. Junco mearnsi Ridgway.

Pixk-sided Junco.

Synonyms — Junco annectens; Junco ridgwayi, part; Junco hyemalis mearnsi.

Status- — A common winter visitant in northern and eastern Arizona, re-
ported from the following localities : Fort Whipple, Prescott, Williams, Santa
Catalina Mountains, Ffuachuca Mountains, and Sulphur Spring Valley.

. V 243. Junco caniceps (Woodhouse).

Grav-iieaded Junco.
Synonyms — Struthus caniceps, part; Junco cinereus caniceps; Junco ridg-
wayi, part ; Junco phaeonotus caniceps.

Status— A common winter visitant in the Upper Sonoran and Transition
zones at' least as far north as Fort Whipple. Reported from numerous locali-
ties: Fort Whipple, Williams, and the Chiricahua, Santa Catalina, Huachuca.
Dragoon and Whetstone mountains.

\

\

56 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

244- Junco phaeonotus palliatus Ridgway.

Arizona Junco.

Synonyms — Junco cinereus; Junco cinereus palliatus.

Status — Common resident of the Transition zone of eastern Arizona, from
Mount Graham southward. Reported from the Graham, Santa Catalina, Santa
Rita, Chiricahua. Pinal, Huachuca, and Whetstone mountains. It is strictly a
resident in the higher mountains, there being apparently not even a local migra-
tion downward into the valleys during the winter months.

245. Junco phaeonotus dorsalis Henry.

Red-backed Junco.

Synonyms — Struthus caniceps, part ; Junco cinereus dorsalis; Junco dorsalis.

Status — Resident in the high mountains of northeastern Arizona, reported
from San Francisco Mountain, Grand Canon of the Colorado, White Mountains,
and Mogollon Mountains.

246. Amphispiza bilineata deserticola Ridgway.

Desert Sparrow.

Synonyms — Poospiza bilineata; Amphispiza bilineata.

Status — Common summer resident in the arid Lower Sonoran plains, of
southern and western Arizona, north to Forts Verde, Whipple, and Mohave;
also reported in summer from the Desert of the Little Colorado and Keam
Canon, in northeastern Arizona. Remains through the winter in some of the
warmer southern valleys.

247. Amphispiza nevadensis nevadensis (Ridgway).

Sage Sparrow.

Synonyms — Poospiza belli; Poospiza belli, var. nevadensis; Amphispiza belli
nevadensis ; Amphispiza belli cinerea.

Status — A fairly common winter visitant, reported from various parts of the
state: Little Colorado River, December (Kennedy, 1859, p. 29) ; Fort Whipple
(Coues, 1866a, p. 86) ; San Pedro River and Tucson, December (Scott, 1887, p.
203) ; Fort Huachuca, winter (Fisher, 1904, p. 80). Price's (1899, p. 93) record
of Amphispiza belli cinerea? at Yuma in midwinter also probably pertains to this
species. As young in the spotted plumage were taken at Flagstaff, on the Desert
of the Little Colorado, and at the Grand Canon of the Colorado (Merriam, 1890.
p. 96), the species may breed in this general region.

248. Peucaea botterii (Sclater).

Botteri Sparrow.

Synonyms — Peucaea cassinii, part; Peucaea aestivalis var. arizonac ; Peucaea
arizonae.

Status — Found only in the Lower Sonoran valleys of southeastern Arizona ;
reported north to Camp Grant (Henshaw, 1874, p. 118), west to the valley of the
Santa Cruz River (Stephens, 1885, p. 226). Possibly resident, but all the records
thus far nublished are of observations made during the summer months.

\

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 57

249. Peucaea cassini (Woodhouse).

Cassin Sparrow.

Synonym — Zonotrichia cassini.

Status — Locally abundant during the summer in the Lower Sonoran valleys
of southeastern Arizona, recorded from over practically the same area as that
occupied by Peucaea botterii. Ranges north to Fort Grant (Henshaw, 1875b, p.
285), west as far as the Santa Cruz Valley (Stephens, 1885, p. 226). I know of
no instance of its having been found actually breeding-, though taken throughout
the summer, nor do I know of any midwinter record.

250. Aimophila carpalis ( Cones).

Rufous-winged Sparrow.

Synonym — Peucaea carpalis.

Status — Found only in southeastern Arizona, where it has been reported from
Tucson, Fort Lowell, the foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains (up to 4500
feet), and the Santa Cruz Valley. Probably resident, as specimens have been
taken in January as well as in midsummer.

251. Aimophila ruficeps scotti ( Sennett).

Scott Sparrow.

Synonyms — Peucaea ruficeps boucardi ; Peucaea homochlamys ; Peucaea
ruficeps scotti.

Status — Common resident of the Upper Sonoran foothills of southeastern
Arizona. Occurs in all the ranges south of Camp Apache (Henshaw, 1875b, p.
289), and west of the Santa Cruz River; Santa Catalina, Santa Rita, Chiricahua,
Huachuca mountains, etc. Has also been found in the Grand Canon of the Colo-
rado, below 4000 feet, and on the Desert of the Little Colorado (Merriam, 1890,
pp. 40, 97), in extreme northern Arizona.

252. Melospiza melodia saltonis Grinnell.

Desert Song Sparrow.

Synonyms — Zonotrichia f alias; Melospiza f alias; Melospiza melodia; Melo-
spiza fasciata f alias; Melospiza ciuerea f alias; Melospiza melodia f alias.

Status — Common resident of the Lower Sonoran river valleys. Occurs
along the Colorado River for nearly its entire extent in the state, being reported
from below Yuma and as far up the river as Moencopie in northeastern x\rizona
(Merriam, 1890, p. 97). Occurs in suitable localities (which are not numerous) in
southern Arizona, along the valley of the Gila River and its tributaries (Santa
Cruz River, San Pedro River, etc.). I know of no song sparrow records from the
high plateau region of central Arizona.

253. Melospiza melodia fallax (Baird).

Mountain Song Sparrow.
Synonyms — Melospiza melodia var. heermanni; Melospiza fasciata montana;
Melospiza melodia montana.

\

58 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

Status — A fairly common winter visitant or transient. Specimens have
been taken as follows: San Pedro River and Tucson, winter (Scott. 1887, p. 204) ;
Sulphur Spring- Valley, March ( Osgood, 1903, p. 149) ; San Francisco Mountain,
August (Merriam, 1890, p. 97) ; and Colorado River at Needles, mouth of Bill
Williams River, and Riverside Mountain, February and March, 1910 (Mus. Vert.
Zool.). Probably a migrant in northern Arizona, and a winter visitant along the
lower Colorado River, and in the southern valleys.

254. Melospiza melodia merrilli Brewster.

Merrill Song Sparrow.
Status — Recorded from Apache, Arizona, in winter (Ridgway, 1901, p. 361).

255. Melospiza lincolni lincolni (Audubon).

Lincoln Sparrow.

Synonym — Peucaea lincolni.

Status — Of fairly common, occurrence as a migrant in suitable places; gener-
ally distributed and reported from many scattered localities. Probably remains in
the valley of the lower Colorado River throughout the winter, though there is no
definite data establishing this as a fact. Possibly a winter visitant in other parts of
southern Arizona also. Found on the Bill Williams River in February (Kennedy,
1859. p. 29).

256. Passerella iliaca schistacea Baird.

Slate-colorEd Fox Sparrow.

Synonym — Passerella townsendi sch istacca.

Status — A rare migrant and winter visitant. There are published records
of but four specimens from Arizona : one from a point forty miles south of Cam])
Apache, September 1. 1873 ( Henshaw, 1875b, p. 293) ; one from Tucson, Febru-
ary, 1880 (Brewster, 1882, p. 197); one from San Francisco Mountain, Sep-
tember 29, 1889 (Merriam, 1890, p. 97) ; and one from the Huachuca Mountains.
November 20, 1894 (Fisher, 1904. p. 81).

257. Pipilo maculatus montanus Swailb.

Mountain Towhee.

Synonyms — Pipilo arctica; Pibilo erythrophthahniis ; Pipilo oregoniis; Pipilo
megalonyx; Pipilo maculatv.s me gal onyx.

Status -Common resident of the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in
northern and eastern Arizona. Its westernmost limits might be indicated by a line
drawn from the Santa Rita and Santa Catalina mountains in the southeast, to the
Hualpai Mountains in the northwest. Apparently strictly resident where found,
there being no migratory movement into the lowlands in winter. There are no
records from the vallev of the lower Colorado River.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 59

2^. Pipilo maculatus curtatus Grinnell.

Nevada Towhee.

Status — Rather uncommon winter visitant along the lower Colorado River:
specimens taken between Needles and Ehrenberg, in February and March, 1910
( Mus. Vert. Zool.), and one at Fort Yuma January 23, 1913 (collection of A. B.
Howell). The capture of these specimens constitutes the only records I
know of regarding the occurrence of any form of Pipilo maculatus in the lower
Colorado Valley (see Grinnell, 191 t, p. 309).

259. Pipilo fuscus mesoleucus Baird.

Canon Towhee.

Synonym — Pipilo mesoleucus.

Status — Common resident in the Upper Sonoran zone, and in Lower Sonoran
also in parts of southern Arizona. All of the published records are from points
south and east of the Mogollon divide ; but the species is absent from the exceed-
ingly arid southwestern corner of Arizona, and thus seems to occupy a belt ex-
tending across the state from Fort Mohave in the northwest ( Fisher, 1893b, p.
105), south to the extreme southeastern corner. Cones' (1866c, p. 262) record of
the occurrence of the species on the lower Colorado River lacks confirmation.
Zonally it occupies an intermediate region between Pipilo 111. montanus and P.
aberii, at places ascending or descending slightly into the habitats of those species.
Tn no one spot, however, are all three to be found.

260. Pipilo aberti Baird.

Abert Towhee.

Status — Common resident of the valley of the Colorado River, and its tribu-
taries in western and southern Arizona. Abundant in the Lower Sonoran river
valleys of the south (Gila, Santa Cruz, San Pedro, etc.) extending as far north
as Fort Grant (Cones, 1868, p. 84) and Fort Whipple (Coale, 1894, p. 218).
Along the Colorado it has been found to the extreme northwestern corner of the
state: confluence of the Beaverdam and Virgin rivers (Fisher, 1893b, p. 105),
but no farther to the eastward.

261. Oreospiza chlorura (Audubon).

Green-tailed Towpiee.

Synonyms — Pringilla blandingiana; Zonotrichia blandingiana; Pipilo chlor-
ura: Atlapctes clilorurus.

Status — A common migrant, occurring indifferently on Boreal mountain
tops or on the arid, semi-desert plains. Reported in winter from the Colorado
Valley (Cooper, 1870, p. 248), and as an occasional winter visitant in the Santa
Catalina Mountains in extreme southern Arizona (Scott, 1887, p. 204). Speci-
mens in the collection of F. S. Daggett taken at Fort Lowell in October, No-
vember, December and January.

\

60 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

262. Cardinalis cardinalis superbus Ridgway.

Arizona Cardinal.

Synonyms— ^Cardinalis virginianus; Cardinalis igncus; Cardinalis virginianus
igneus; Cardinalis superbus.

Status — Fairly abundant in the valleys of extreme southeastern Arizona,
where it is probably resident throughout the year. One specimen in the collec-
tion of F. S. Daggett, no. 6475, male, Tucson, January 10, 1908. There is record
of one from the "Colorado River, Arizona", November 30, 1871 (Ridgway,
1885c, p. 344). Aside from this it is reported only from localities in the valleys
of the Santa Cruz and San Pedro rivers.

263. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata sinuata (Bonaparte).

Arizona Pyrrhuloxia.

Synonym' — Pyrrhuloxia sinuata beckhami.

Status — Resident in the Lower Sonoran valleys of southern Arizona. Com-
mon in the vicinity of Tucson ; also reported from Fort Grant, Yuma, Quijotoa,
and the San Pedro and Santa Cruz rivers.

264. Zamelodia ludoviciana (Linnaeus).

Rose-breasted Grosbeak.
Status — Only one record, that of an adult male taken by R. D. Lusk in the
Huachuca Mountains, June 29, 1894 (Swarth, 1904b, p. 44). The specimen is
now in the Swarth collection.

265. Zamelodia melanocephala melanocephala (Swainson).

Black-headed Grosbeak.

Synonyms — Guiraca melanocephala; Goniaphea melanocephala; Hcdy-
meles mclanocephalus ; Habia melanocephala.

Status— Breeds commonly in the Transition zone of the higher mountains
throughout the state ; and during the migrations it is of general occurrence else-
where as well. There is no authenticated instance of its occurrence through the
winter months.

266. Guiraca caerulea lazula (Lesson).

Western Blue Grosbeak.

Synonyms — Guiraca caerulea; Goniaphea cocrulea ; Guiraca caerulea
curhyncha.

Status— Restricted almost entirely to the hot Lower Sonoran river valleys.
A- common summer visitant along the San Pedro and Santa Cruz rivers, and
about Tucson. The various records from the Colorado River are none of them
of birds actually found breeding, though there can be little doubt but that they do
so: Fort Mohave, May; Yuma, May; confluence of Beaverdam and Virgin
rivers, May; Big Sandy River, July. In central Arizona it extends north to
Fort Apache and Fort Grant (Henshaw, 1875b, p. 298) and to Fort Whipple
(Coues, 1866a, p. 88).

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 61

267. Passerina amoena (Say).

Lazuli Bunting.

Synonyms — Spisa amoena; Cyanospiza amoena.

Status — Of abundant occurrence as a migrant, and quite generally distribut-
ed, though I know of no records of its occurrence in northeastern Arizona. Prob-
ably breeds, though definite data is lacking. Coues (1866a, p. 89) reports it as
;m uncommon summer visitant at Fort Whipple, and Scott (1887, p. 205) states
that it has been found breeding near Tucson. In neither case is more detailed in-
formation given.

268. Passerina versicolor pulchra Ridgway.

Beautiful Bunting.

Synonym — Passerina versicolor.

Status — An adult female taken by F. Stephens at Crittenden, near the Santa
Rita Mountains, July 14, 1884 (Brewster, 1885b, p. 198). Kot otherwise known
to occur in Arizona.

269. Passerina ciris (Linnaeus).

Painted Bunting.

Synonym — Cyan ospiza ciris.

Status — Of occasional occurrence in extreme southeastern Arizona in late
summer and during the fall migration. Henshaw (1875b, p. 301) reported it as
present in considerable numbers at Fort Bowie and Fort Crittenden in August
and September, 1874. One specimen taken in the Huachuca Mountains, July 12,
1902 (Swarth, 1904b, p. 46). There are three specimens in the Museum of Ver-
tebrate Zoology taken at Fort Huachuca on August 29 and September 12 and 13,
1884, respectively.

270. Spiza americana (Gmelin).

Dickcissel.

Synonym — Euspiza americana.

Status — Only known to occur in Arizona as observed by Henshaw (1875b,
p. 295), who found it in small numbers and secured specimens on the San Pedro
River, at Fort Crittenden and at Fort Lowell, in August and September, 1873
and 1874; and from a specimen taken by Brown at Tucson, September 11, 1884
(Scott, 1887, p. 205).

271. Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger.

Lark Bunting.

Synonym — Calamospiza bicolor.

Status — An abundant migrant and winter visitant on the plains of southern
and western Arizona. There are numerous recorded instances of its occurrence
at points in the south — Tombstone, San Pedro Valley, Tucson, etc., north to Fort
Grant ; and it also occurs in lesser numbers along the Colorado River, but appar-
ently not in the extreme southwestern corner, the vicinity of Yuma. Not report-
ed south of Cibola, on the Colorado River (Mus. Vert. Zool.), nor west of Agua
Caliente, on the Gila River (Swarth, MS). Neither do I know of any instance
of its occurrence in northern Arizona — north of the Mogollon Divide — though it
should occur in that region as a migrant.

\

\

62 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

272. Piranga ludoviciana (Wilson).

Western TanagEr.

Synonym — Pyranga ludoviciana.

Status — Summer visitant in the Transition zone and upward, of common oc-
currence in the north: San Francisco Mountain ( Merriam, 1890, p. 40) ; Mogol-
lon Mountains (Mearns, 1890a, p. 260). In diminishing numbers to the south-
ward, as far as the Santa Catalina Mountains (Scott, 1888, p. 29), and Huachuca
Mountains (Swarth, 1904b, p. 47). These latter points, where it is of rare oc-
currence in the summer, probably indicate the extreme southern limits of the
breeding range of the species. Common and generally distributed during the
migrations.

273. Piranga hepatica Swainson.

Hepatic Tanager.

Synonyms — Pyranga azarae ; Pyranga hepatica, part.

Status — Common summer visitant in the Transition zone throughout the
state. Reported in summer from San Francisco Mountain, the Mogoilon, Santa
Catalina, Santa Rita, Huachuca, Chiricahua, and White mountains, and at Fort
W'hipple; and as a migrant from various intervening points. A single specimen
was taken in the Hualpai Mountains, July 8, 1902 (Stephens, 1903, p. 104), and
one was seen at the confluence of the Beaverdam and Virgin rivers, in extreme
northwestern Arizona, May 9, 1891 (Fisher, 1893b, p. 109).

274. Piranga rubra cooperi Ridgway.

Cooper Tanager.

Synonyms— Pyrang a aestiva; Pyranga cooperi; Pyranga aestiva cooperi;
Pyranga hepatica, part.

Status — Common summer visitant in the Lower Sonoran zone of southern
and western Arizona, principally along the hot river valleys of the Colorado and
its tributaries. Breeds along the Colorado as far north as Fort Mohave (Cooper,
1870, p. 142), in eastern Arizona north to San Francisco River, in Graham Coun-
ty ( Henshaw, 1875b, p. 239), and to the vicinity of Tucson.

275. Progne subis subis (Linnaeus).

Purple Martin.

Synonyms — Progne purpurea; Progne subis hespcria.

Status — Breeds commonly in some sections, but there is not at hand data to
indicate the details of its distribution through the state. It is known to be a sum-
mer visitant at Fort Whipple, in the Upper Sonoran zone (Cones, 1866a, p. 72),
in the Transition of the Mogoilon Mountains (Mearns, 1890a, p. 260), and in
the Lower Sonoran at Tucson (Swarth, 1905a, p. 49). Reported from other
points as a migrant only.

276. Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons (Say).

Cliff Swallow.
Synonyms — Hirundo lunifrons; Petrochelidon lunifrons tachw.a.
Status— A common summer visitant, where- suitable conditions prevail,

1914 IHRDS OF ARIZONA 63

throughout the state, except along the southeastern boundary, where it is re-
placed by P. I. melanogastra. The cliff swallow has been found breeding abun-
dantly at various scattered points — Fort Whipple, Little Colorado River, Bill
Williams River, Fort Verde, and at several places on the Colorado River between
Needles and Yuma. Breeding birds from Fort Verde have been referred to P. I.
tachina (Miller, 1906, p. 177).

2jj. Petrochelidon lunifrons melanogastra (Swainson).

Mexican Cliff Swallow.

Synonym — Petrochelidon melanogastcr.

Status — Occurs as a summer visitant along the Mexican boundary of ex-
treme southeastern Arizona, as far west as Nogales (Mearns, 1901, p. 177). The
northern limits of its range have not yet been ascertained.

278. Hirundo erythrogastra Boddaert.

Barn Swallow.

Synonyms — Hirundo rufa; Hirundo horreorum; Chelidon crythrogaster.

Status— Of rare and local occurrence. The only breeding records known to
me are as follows: Tucson and the Santa Catalina Mountains, up to 5,000 feet
(Scott, 1888, p. 31 ) ; Elgin, Santa Cruz County ( Breninger, 1898a, p. 117) ; San
Pedro River (Swarth, 1904b, p. 48). There are singularly few records of its oc-
currence as a migrant.

i~<). Iridoprocne bicolor (Vieillot).

Trick Swallow.

Synonyms — Hirundo bicolor; Tachycineta bicolor.

Status — I know of no instance of this species having been found breeding at
any point in Arizona, and it has been observed but seldom as a migrant. Report-
ed from Cienega Station in April (Brewster, 1882, p. 146), from Tucson in
March (Scott, 1888, p. 31), and from the Dragoon Mountains in May (Osgood,
[903, p. 150).

280. Tachycineta thalassina lepida M earns.

XoRTHlCRX YloLET-GRKEX SWALLOW.

Synonyms — Hirundo thalassina ; Herse thalassina; Tachycineta thalassina.

Status — A common summer visitant of high Transition throughout Arizona.
Reported from numerous localities — mountains near Fort Whipple, Santa Cata-
lina Mountains, Mogollon Mountains. Huachuca Mountains, etc. Of general
distribution during the migrations.

281. Riparia riparia (Linnaeus).

Bank Swallow.

Synonyms — Cotyle riparia; Clivicola riparia.

Status — Apparently of rare occurrence. Has been seen in summer at Fort
Whipple (Cones, 1866a, p. /2), and in the vicinity of Tucson (Scott, 1888, p. 31)
and the Santa Cruz River ( Swarth. K)05a. p. 49).

64 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

282. Stelgidopteryx serripennis (Audubon).

Rough-winged Swallow.

Synonym — Cotylc serripennis.

Status — Though there are numerous instances of the occurrence of this spe-
cies as a migrant in various parts of the state, breeding records are too few to
permit a definite statement as to the region occupied during the nesting season.
Reported as breeding at Fort Whipple (Coues, 1866a, p. 72), Cienega Station,
southeastern Arizona (Brewster, 1882, p. 146), along the Santa Cruz and San
Pedro rivers (F. C. Willard, MS), and Tucson, and at points on the Colorado
River between Ehrenberg and Yuma (Mus. Vert. Zool). Also observed at Fort
'Mohave, Gila Bend, confluence of Beaverdam and Virgin rivers, Fort Verde,
Mellen, Pima Indian Reservation, Keam Canon, and the Sulphur Spring Valley.
Seen in February on the Colorado River (Kennedy, 1859, p. 24), and at Fort
Mohave (Cooper, 1870, p. no), so it may be found to occasionally pass the win-
ter this far north.

283. Bombycilla garrula (Linnaeus).

BOHKMIAN WaxWING.

Synonym — A 111 pel is garrulus.

Status — A rare midwinter straggler from the north. Cooper (1861, p. 122)
secured a single specimen at Fort Mohave, January 10, 1861, the only occasion on
which the species has been observed in Arizona. This bird, an adult female, is
now number 4207, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology.

284. Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot.

Cedar Waxwing.

Synonym — Ampelis cedrorum.

Status — Of rare and irregular occurrence. Henshaw (1875b, p. 299) se-
cured a specimen thirty miles south of Fort Apache, September n, 1873, under
circumstances indicating that it may have been breeding. Otherwise noted dur-
ing the migrations and in winter, at a few scattered localities : Galeyville, Cochise
County, January; Tucson, March, May and June; Grand Canon, September;
! luachuca Mountains, April, May, October.

285. Phainopepla nitens (Swainson).

PlIAINOPEPLA.

Synonyms — Ptiliogonys nitens; Cichlopsis nitens.

Status — Common summer visitant in the Lower Sonoran of southern and
western Arizona. Reported from many points, north as far as Fort Apache (in
August, not necessarily a breeding record), Fort Whipple, and Fort Mohave.
Remains through the winter locally in southern Arizona, and along the Colorado
River. In the late summer there is a dispersal of individuals into higher alti-
tudes, and possibly to more northern localities, than are occupied during the nest-
ing- time. Found breeding at Fort Mohave in February (Fisher, 1893b, p. 113).

\

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 65

286. Lanius borealis Vieillot.

Northern Shrike.

Synonyms — Colly rio borealis; Collurio borealis.

Status — Only one record, that of a specimen secured by Cones ( 1806a, p. 73 )
at Fort Whipple, in February, 1865.

287. Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides Swainson.

White-rumped Shrike.

Synonyms — Lanhts ludovicianus; Collyrio excubitorides ; Collurio ludovi-
cianus var. excubitorides ; Collurio excubitoroides.

Status — Bound in the Lower Sonoran zone of southern Arizxma, along the
Colorado River, and the Desert of the Little Colorado in northeastern Arizona.
Apparently restricted to the Lower Sonoran zone in the breeding season but ring-
ing into Upper Sonoran in late summer and fall : one specimen, Fort Whipple,
September 4, 1864 (Coues, 1866a, p. 73) ; foothills of the Huachuca Mountains,
October (Swarth, 1908, p. 115). Not known to occur in the high plateau region
of central Arizona, and but sparsely distributed in the region where it is found.

288. Vireosylva olivacea (Linnaeus).

Red-eyed Vireo.

Synonym — J 'ireo olivaccus.

Status — But a single record, that of a specimen secured by Lusk in the
Huachuca Mountains, May 20, 1895. This specimen is now in the Swarth collec-
tion (Swarth, 1904b, p. 49).

289. Vireosylva gilva swainsoni (Baird).

Western Warbling Yireo.

Synonyms — Vireo gilvus; Vireo swainsoni; Vireo gilvus swainsoni.

Status — A common summer visitant ot the Upper Sonoran and Transition
zones of northern and central Arizona: Fort Whipple (Coues, 1866a, p. 75) ; San
Francisco Mountain (Merriam, 1890, p. 98). Of rare occurrence south of the
central plateau region, but has occasionally been found breeding at the extreme
southern boundary of the state: Santa Catalina Mountains (Scott, 1888, p. 32);
Huachuca Mountains (W'illard, tqo8c, p. 230). Abundant and of general dis-
tribution during the migrations.

290. Lanivireo solitarius cassini (Xantus).

Cassin Vireo.

Synonyms — Vireo solitarius; Vireosylvia solitaria; J 'ireo solitarius cassitii.

Status — A migrant, of common occurrence and general distribution. Re-
ported from numerous localities in various parts of the state, but not from the
desert region of the northeast corner. Specimens have been taken at Forts Whip-
ple, Mohave, Apache, and Crittenden, and also at San Francisco Mountain,
Mount Graham, and the Santa Rita, Santa Catalina, and Huachuca mountains.

66 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

291. Lanivireo solitarius plumbeus (Coues).

Plumbeous Vireo.

Synonyms — Vireo plumbeus; J'ircosylvia plumbca; Vireo solitarius plum-
beus.

Status — Common summer visitant of the Transition zone. Reported from
San Francisco Mountain, the Mogollon, Santa Catalina, Santa Rita, Huachuca,
and Hualpai mountains. Forts Whipple and Apache, and is undoubtedly to be
found in all the higher mountain ranges of the state.

292. Vireo huttoni stephensi Brewster.

Stephens Vireo.

Synonym — / 'ireo huttoni.

Status — Found in the mountain ranges of southeastern Arizona, in the live
oak belt and along the canon streams, ranging upward to the lower edge of
Transition. Probably resident, but nowhere very abundant. Reported from the
Chiricahua, Santa Catalina, Santa Rita, and Huachuca mountains, and also, the
westernmost record, from the Ouijotoa Range (Scott, 1888, p. 32).

293. Vireo belli arizonae Ridgway.

Arizona Vireo.

Synonyms — Vireo bellii; Vireo pusillus; Vireo belli pusillus.

Status — Common summer visitant in southern and western Arizona. Found
along the Colorado River at least as far north as Fort Mohave (Cooper, 1861,
p. 122) and the Big Sandy (Stephens, 1903, p. 104). In eastern Arizona it breeds
abundantly in the valleys of the Santa Cruz and San Pedro, as in all probability
it does along the Gila River also. The northernmost points to which it has been
traced in central Arizona are the Gila River, Graham County, in September (Hen-
shaw, 1875b, p. 225), and a point fifty miles south of Fort Whipple, breeding
(Coues, 1866a, p. 76).

294. Vireo vicinior Coues.

Gray Vireo.

Status — A summer visitant, reported thus far from a few scattered localities
in the northern and eastern parts of the state. Coues (1866a, p. 75) secured a
single specimen, the type of the species, at Fort Whipple, Henshaw (1875b, p.
227) took migrating birds at Camp Bowie in August, and at Camp Lowell in Sep-
tember, and Stephens ( 1878, p. 93) found it on the Gila River, presumably about
at the Arizona-New Mexico boundary, and also near Tucson in April (Brewster,
1882, p. 142). Apparently the only positive published breeding record for Ari-
zona is that of Scott ( 1885a, p. 321), who reported the species as a common sum-
mer visitant on the eastern slope of the Santa Catalina Mountains, ranging from
2800 to 4000 feet. Merriam (1890, p. ,-«o) found it at the Grand Canon of the
Colorado in September, and Fisher (1903, p. 35^ at Keam Canon in July and
August, and it may be presumed to breed at both places.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 67

295. Protonotaria citrea (Boddaert).

Prothonotary Warbler.
Status — Only one record, that of a specimen taken by E. W. Nelson at Tuc-
son, May 1, 1884 (Cooke, 1904, p. 23).

296. Vermivora luciae (Cooper).

Lucy Warbler.

Synonyms — Helminthophaga luciae; Helminthophila luciae.

Status — -An exceedingly abundant summer visitant in the low river valleys
of southern and western Arizona. Common in the valleys of the Santa Cruz and
San Pedro, along the Gila (probably not above its junction with the San Pedro),
and along the Colorado. Ranges north along the Colorado to Fort Mohave at
least, in central Arizona to Fort Whipple. Its northern boundary is probably de-
termined by the rise of the country toward the Central Plateau Region. Restrict-
ed almost entirely to the Lower Sonoran zone, but in a few places it ranges into
Upper Sonoran: west slope of the Santa Rita Mountains (Swarth, 1905a, p. 81) ;
west slope of the Huachuca Mountains (Willard, 1908b, p. 206). Not reported
from east of the San Pedro River.

297. Vermivora virginiae (Baird).

Virginia Warbler.

Synonyms — Helminthophaga virginiae ; Helminthophila virginiae.

Status — An abundant migrant, and a fairly common summer visitant in the
Transition zone of some, probably all, of the higher mountain ranges, it has
been found in the summer months in the White, Santa Catalina, Huachuca, and
San Francisco mountains. Rare in the Hualpai Mountains, where Stephens
(1903, p. 104) saw several in June. Of occasional occurrence in the low valleys
during the migrations.

298. Vermivora rubricapilla gutturalis (Ridgway).

Calaveras Warbler.

Synonyms — Helminthophaga ruficapiUa; Helminthophila ruficapilla; Hel-
minthopila ruficapiUa gutturalis; Helminthophila rubricapilla gutturalis.

Status— Abundant and generally distributed during the migrations. Re-
ported from the valley of the Colorado River (Mus. Vert. Zool), from San
Francisco Mountain in the north, and from the Huachuca, Santa Rita and Santa
Catalina mountains, and the valley of the San Pedro River, in southern Arizona.

299. Vermivora celata celata (Say).

Orange-crowned Warbler.

Synonyms — Helminthophila celata; Vermivora celata orestera.

Status — But few records from Arizona. Reported from Mount Graham
(breeding), San Francisco Mountains, San Pedro River, Adonde, Tucson, Fort
Huachuca, and Bisbee ( / '. c. orestera Oberholser, 1905, p. 243); from the
Huachuca Mountains and San Pedro River in April and September (Swarth,
1904b, p. 52) ; and from the Colorado Valley (Needles, Cibola. Picacho, and Pilot
Knob) from February to May (Mus. Vert. Zool.).

68 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

300. Vermivora celata lutescens (Ridgway).

L 1 7TESCE x t Warbler.
Synonyms — Helminthophaga celata: Helminthophila celata lutescens.
Status — An abundant migrant, occurring in all parts of Arizona. Has been
found at every point where collecting has been carried on in the spring and fall.

301. Peucedramus olivaceus (Giraud).

Olive Warbler.

Synonym — Dendroica olivacea.

Status — Breeds in the Transition zone of the mountains of southern and
central Arizona. Has been found in the Huachuca, Chiricahua, Santa Catalina.
Mogollon and White mountains, and on Mount Graham, and there are other high
ranges at intermediate points where it will also probably be found. It does not
appear to be very abundant in any part of its range in Arizona. A few individ-
uals probabl) remain through the winter, as it hns been reported from the Santa
Catalina Mountains, at 10,000 feet altitude, November 26-29 (Scott, 1885b, p.
1/2), and from the Huachuca Mountains at 0000 feet, February 21 ( Swarth,
1904b, p. 53).

302. Dendroica aestiva sonorana Brewster.

Soxora Yellow Warbler.

Synonyms — Dendroica aestiva, part; Dendroica aestiva morcomi, part.

Status — A common summer visitant in southern and western Arizona, ap-
parently confined almost entirely to the Lower Sonoran river valleys, the Colorado
and the Gila, with tbeir tributaries. Has been reported from various points along
these streams: Fort Mohave, Yuma, Gila Bend, Tucson, Tombstone, etc.; ami
occasionally from localities in Upper Sonoran : Santa Catalina Mountains, resi-
dent up to 4500 feet (Scott, 1888, p. 34) The northernmost record I have seen
from central Arizona is from Fort Verde (Coale, 1894, p. 218). I know of no
breeding record of a yellow warbler from any point in Arizona north of the
Mogollon Divide; what form it is that migrates through this region I do net
know (Dendroica aestiva Merriam, 1890, p. 98, San Francisco Mountain, etc.,
August and September; Fisher, 1893b, p. 113, confluence of Beaverdam and Vir-
gin rivers. May; etc.).

303. Dendroica aestiva brewsteri Grinncll.

California Yellow Warbler.

Synonyms — Dendroica aestiva, part; Dendroica aestiva morcomi, part.

Status — A common migrant in southern Arizona. 1 have seen specimens
from the Huachuca Mountains, in the extreme southeastern portion of the state
(Swarth. 1904b, p. 53). and from points on the Colorado River ( Mus. Vert.
Zool.). These are distinctly D. a. brewsteri, as distinguished from D. a. aestiva
of the eastern United States.

\

\

X

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 69

304. Dendroica coronata (Linnaeus).

Myrtle Warbler.

Status — Four records: One from the Chiricahua Mountains. March 26,
[88] ( Brewster, [882, p. 137) ; one from Tucson, January 28, 1886 (Scott, 1888.
p. 34 ) ; Pima Indian Reservation, September, "one seen" ( Breninger, [901a, p.
46) ; Tucson, one seen January 2<^, [912 (Sloanaker, [913, p. i<)7)-

305. Dendroica auduboni auduboni (Townsend).

Audubon Warbler.
Synonym — Sylvicola audubonii.

Status — Common summer visitant in high Transition and upward in the
mountains of northern Arizona : San Francisco Mountain, Mogollon Mountains,
etc. Abundant in winter in the Lower Sonoran valleys of the southern and west-
ern parts of trip state: Tucson. San Pedro River, Yuma, etc. Winter visitant in
the Colorado Valley at least as far north as Fort Mohave. Occasional in winter
at Fort Whipple (Cones, 1866a, p. 69). Very abundant and of general distri-
bution during the migrations.

306. Dendroica auduboni nigrifrons Brewster.

Black-EronTEd Warkler.

Synonyms — Dendroica auduboni, part : Dendroica nigrifrons.

Status- — Reported from the Huachuca and the Chiricahua mountains, where
it i^ a fairly common summer visitant in the Transition zone. D. a. auduboni has
been recorded as an uncommon summer visitant in the Santa Catalina Mountains
(Scott, 1888, p. 34). but I have seen typical examples of nigrifrons (in the col-
lection of F. S. Daggett) taken in these mountains in June. 1906, so that the breed-
ing range of this form extends at least that far north. Probablv it includes all the
high mountains south of the Mogollon Plateau, but it is impossible at present to in-
dicate exactly the dividing line between the breeding ranges of nigrifrons and
auduboni. From the critical comments made upon Dendroica auduboni by Coues
in his "List of Birds of Fort Whipple" ( 1866a. p. 69) it is evident that he collect-
ed in that region specimens approximating the characters of D. a. nigrifrons.

307. Dendroica graciae Baird.

Grace Warbler.
Status — A summer visitant in the Transition zone of eastern and central
Arizona, apparently least abundant in the extreme southern part of the state. In
the Huachuca Mountains it is common during the migrations, but decidedly rare
in the breeding season. Reported from the Huachuca. Chiricahua, Santa Catalina.
Mogollon, and White mountains. San Francisco Mountain and Fort Whipple.
There is no record of its occurrence in the lowlands during the migrations.

308. Dendroica nigrescens (Townsend).
Black-throated Gray Warbler.

Status — A common summer visitant in low Transition throughout Arizona.
Has been found breeding in the Huachuca, Santa Rita. Whetstone, and Santa
L^atalina mountains, San Francisco Mountain, and at Fort Whipple. Abundant
and generally distributed during the migrations.

70 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

309. Dendroica virens (Gmelin).
'Black-throated Green Warbler.

Status — Only one record for Arizona, that of an adult male secured at Ram-
say Canon, Huachuca Mountains, May 9, 1895 (Fisher, 1904. p. 81,).

310. Dendroica townsendi (Townsend).

Townsend Warbler.
Status— An abundant migrant at all altitudes, both spring and fall, reported
from many scattered localities throughout the state (San Francisco Mountain,
Huachuca Mountains, Tucson, Yuma, etc.). Scott ( 1888, p. 35) took one speci-
men at Mineral Creek, Pinal County, November 2, 1882, but there are no mid-
winter records.

311. Dendroica occidentalis ( Townsend ) .

Hermit Warbler.
Status — An abundant migrant, occurring in all parts of Arizona in the spring
and fall. Reported from Fort Whipple, San Francisco Mountain, Huachuca
Mountains, Yuma, etc.

}i2. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis Ridgway.

Alaska Water-thrush.

Synonyms — Seiurus tenuirostris; Seiurus noveboracensis ; Siurus naevius.

Status — A rare migrant. The published records are as follows : Rio Col-
orado, October (Gambel, 1843, P- 2r,T ) \ one specimen, Camp Crittenden, August
(Henshaw, 1875b, p. 204) : one specimen, adult male, Tucson. May 4 (Brew-
ster, 1882, p. 138) : two specimens. Santa Catalina Mountains, 3500 feet, an adult
female on September 2, and an adult male on September 3, 1884 (Scott, 1888.
p. 35) ; one specimen, Huachuca Mountains, 5500 feet, August 31, 1903 (Swarth,
1904b, p. 56).

313. Oporornis tolmiei (Townsend).

Macgillivray Warbler.

Synonyms— Geothlypis macgillivrayi; Geothlypis Philadelphia var. macgiUi-
zrrayi; Geothlypis tolmiei.

Status — A summer visitant in the higher mountains of central Arizona. Fort
Whipple, April to September ( Coues. 1866a, p. 70) ; east central Arizona, "com-
mon summer resident" (Henshaw, 1875a, p. 156V Abundant and generally dis-
tributed during: the migrations.

^14. Geothlypis triclias occidentalis Brewster.

Western Yellowtitroat.

Synonym — Geothlypis triehas, part.

Status— A common migrant, and, on the lower Colorado River, a winter visi-
tant. May breed in northern Arizona, a summer record from Fort Whipple
(Coues, 1866a, p. 69), possibly pertaining to this subspecies. Colorado River be-
low Yuma. December (Price, 1890. p. 93). Huachuca Mountains, migrant
(Swarth, iqo4b, p. 56).

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 71

315. Geothlypis trichas scirpicola Grinnell.

Tule Yellow throat.

Synonyms — Geothlypis trichas, part ; Geothlypis trichas occidentalism part.

Status — Breeds in the valleys of extreme southern Arizona and along the
lower Colorado River, but from the generally unfavorable nature of the"«regioti
outside of the latter district, it occurs in but small numbers, and at widely scat-
tered intervals. Found in summer in the vicinity of Tucson (Scott, 1888, p. 35),
on the San Pedro River (Swarth, 1904b. p. 56), and on the lower Colorado Riv-
er (Mus. Vert. Zool.). For the use of the name scirpicola for the breeding yel-
lowthroat of southern Arizona, see Swarth, 19T2, p. 71.

316. Icteria virens longicauda Lawrence.

Long-tailed Chat.

Synonyms — Icteria viridis; Icteria longicauda.

Status — Abundant summer visitant in the Lower Sonoran river valleys, and
through the Upper Sonoran zone in the lower canons of the mountain ranges.
Found in summer at Fort Mohave, Fort Whipple, Fort Grant, Tucson, Fort
Apache, Huachuca Mountains, etc.

317. Wilsonia pusilla pileolata < Pallas).

Pii-Eoi.ated Warbler.

Synonyms — Myiodioctes pusillus; Myiodioctes pus ill us pilcolatus. part: My-
iodioctes pilcolatus; Syfvania pusilla pileolata; Sylvania pusilla, part.

Status — The only breeding record for Arizona is that of Coues (1866a, p. 71)
who reported the species as a common summer visitant about Fort Whipple, where
he found it from May to September. Tt is an exceedingly common migrant in all
parts of the state, and one that is found at all altitudes.

318. Wilsonia pusilla chryseola Ridgway.

Golden Pileolated Warbler.

Synonyms — Myiodioctes pusillus pilcolatus, part; Sylvania pusilla. part.

Status — Occurs "during migration southward and eastward to .
Arizona (Pinal County, September. October; Lowell. April; Fort Verde. Ma) ;
San Francisco Mountains, August 31; Cienega ; Tucson)'" (Ridgway. 1902, p.
714). Observed as a common migrant in the Colorado Valley, between Cheme-
huevis Valley and Potholes in the spring of 19:0 (Mus. Vert. Zool.).

319. Setophaga ruticilla (Linnaeus).

American Redstart.
Status — Its occurrence in Arizona is based upon the record by Scott (1888.
p. 36), of two specimens, an adult male taken by himself in the Santa Catalina
Mountains, 4500 feet elevation. August 12, 1884. and another taken by Herbert
Brown at Tucson

X

72 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

320. Setophaga picta Swainson.

Painted Redstart.
Status— A common summer visitant in the high mountains of southern and
central Arizona, in low Transition and high Upper Sonoran. Found as far north
as the Mogollou Mountains and the Tonto Basin ( M earns, 1890a, p. 261). Re-
ported from Camp Apache, Mount Graham, and the Chiricahua. Santa Rila,
Huachuca. Santa Catalina, and Whetstone mountains.

321. Cardellina rubrifrons (Giraud).

Red-eaced Warbler.
Status — Common summer visitant in the Transition zone of the mountains
of southeastern Arizona. The northernmost point to which it has been traced is
the Mogollon Mountains ( Mearns, i8qoa, p. 261V and it has also been found in
summer at Fort Apache, Mount Graham, the Santa Catalina, Santa Rita, and
Huachuca mountains. There are other high ranges from which there are no re-
ports, where it undoubtedly occurs.

322. Anthus rubescens (Tunstall).

American Pipit.

Synonyms — Anthus ludovicianus ; Anthus pensilvanicus.

Status- — A common winter visitant in the lowlands of southern and western
Arizona, reported from various scattered localities — Fort Whipple, Yuma, Tuc-
son, etc. No winter records from points north of the Mogollon Divide. Possibly
breeds on San Francisco Mountain, where it was found at timber line in the late
summer (Merriam, 1890, p. 99).

323. Cinclus mexicanus unicolor Bonaparte.

American Dipper.

Synonyms — Hydrobata nicxicana; Cinclus mexicanus.

Status — There are but three definite published statements in regard to the oc-
currence of the dipper in Arizona. Although Cones ( 1866a, p. 66) included the
species in his list of birds of Fort Whipple, he did not himself meet with it. Hen-
shaw (1875b, p. 159) found it fairly common in summer on some of the streams
of the White Mountains; Brewster (1882, p. 76) records a specimen secured in
the Chiricahua Mountains, March 20; and one was seen in the Huachuca Moun-
tains, August 4, T902 ( Swarth, 1904b, p. 59).

324. Oreoscoptes montanus (Townsend).

Sage Thrasher.

Synonym — A I ini us in on tan us.

Status — An abundant winter visitant of the plains and valleys of southern
Arizona, reported from many localities between Yuma and the eastern boundary ;
also along the lower Colorado River. I know of no winter' records from points
north of the Mogollon Divide. There are no published instances of its breeding
in Arizona, though it may be found doing so in the northeastern portion — from
the Little Colorado River northward — where Merriam ( 1890, p. 100) observed it
in small numbers in the late summer nf 1889.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 73

325. Mimus polyglottos leucopterus (Vigors).

Western Mockingbird.

Synonyms — Mimus polyglottus; Mimus polyglottus var. caudatus.

Status — A common summer visitant in the Lower Sonoran valleys, and in
places extending up into Upper Sonoran. It is permanently resident in the hot
valleys of southern Arizona, but there is a vertical migration downward from the
foothill regions where it occurs in summer ; and possibly an entire departure from
northern Arizona during the winter months. Coues (1866a, p. 65) speaks of it
as a summer resident only in the vicinity of Fort Whipple, and Osgood (1903, p.
T50) mentions its arrival in the Sulphur Spring Valley, Cochise County, on April
15. Tn the foothills of the Huachuca Mountains it occurs in summer only, while
it is reported in February from a point on the San Pedro River, fifteen miles dis-
tant and about five hundred feet lower ( Willard, 1910c. p. 1 10). The few records
from northern Arizona ( Little Colorado River, Kearn Canon, and Hualpai Moun-
tains), are all for the summer months.

Probably a winter visitant only on the Colorado River below Needles ( Mus.
Vert. Zool.).

326. Toxostoma rufum (Linnaeus).

Brown Thrasher.

Status — But one record for Arizona, that of a male bird taken in the foot-
hills of the Huachuca Mountains (4500 feet altitude), on October 5. 1907
( Swarth, 1908, p. 115).

$2"j. Toxostoma curvirostre palmeri (Cones).

Palmer Thrasher.

Synonyms — Toxostoma fctula; Harporhynchus curvirostris ; Harporhynchus
curvirostris pal fieri.

Status — A common resident in the Lower Sonoran valleys of southeastern
Arizona. Its range has been traced east to the valley of the San Pedro (Brew-
ster, 1882, p. 71 ), north to the Hassayampa (1. c. ) and the Big Sandy (Stephens,
1903, p. 105), to Fort Grant (Cones, 1868, p. 83) and the Salt River Valley.

7,28. Toxostoma bendirei (Coues).

Bendire Thrasher.

Synonyms — Harporhynchus bendirei; Harporhynchus cinereus var. bendirei.

Status — Locally a common resident in the Lower Sonoran valleys of south-
eastern and northeastern Arizona, but our present knowledge seems to indicate an
exceedingly irregular and disconnected range. In southeastern Arizona it is very
abundant in the valley of the Santa Cruz, west of the Santa Rita Mountains, whih
it is almost unknown east of that range. It is common in the plains and valleys
stretching northwest of Tucson, as far as Phoenix and along the Gila River at
least as far as Gila Bend (Pember, 1892. p. 6). In northern Arizona it has been
reported from Keam Canon in July and August (Fisher. 1903, p. 35). and from
Beale Spring in July (Stephens, 1903, p. 105).

"4 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

329. Toxostoma lecontei lecontei Lawrence.

Leconte Thrasher.

Synonyms — Harporhynchus lecontei; Harporhynchus redivivus lecontei.

Status — A resident of the arid Lower Sonoran plains of southern and western
Arizona. In the valley of the Colorado River north to the extreme northwestern
corner of the state (Merriam, 1895, p. 5c;) ; east in the valley of the Gila about to
Phoenix, Maricopa, Casa Grande, and Picacho Peak (Mearns, 1886b, p. 299) ;
its northwestern limits at the base of the Plateau escarpment (Merriam, 1. c).
In southern Arizona it has not been observed at any point east of the valley of
the Santa Cruz River.

330. Toxostoma crissale Henry.

Crissal Thrasher.

Synonym — Harporhynchus crissalis.

Status — Common resident, principally in Lower Sonoran ; locally abundant
but rather irregularly distributed. Ranges north in the valley of the Colorado
River as far as the mouth of Diamond Creek, Mohave County (Mearns, 1886b,
p. 292) ; in central Arizona to Fort Verde (Mearns, 1. c). In the valley of the
Gila it has been traced east to the mouth of San Carlos Creek (Mearns, 1. c). In
southeastern Arizona it is common at Fort Bowie, and in the valleys of the San
Pedro and Santa Cruz rivers ; in the northwest reported as breeding in the Hual-
pai Mountains (Stephens, 1903, p. 105). There are no records from northeastern
Arizona, and in all probability its range in this direction is limited by the great
Mogollon Divide.

331. Heleodytes brimneicapillus couesi (Sharpe).

Cactus Wren.

Synonyms — Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus ; Heleodytes brunneicapillus;
Heleodytes brunneicapillus anthonyi.

Status — A common resident of the Lower Sonoran zone in southern and
western Arizona. Most abundant in the hot valleys of the southern part of the
state. In western Arizona ranges as far north as Beale Spring (Stephens, 1903,
p. 105) ; in eastern Arizona there are no records from north of the Gila River.

332. Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus (Say).

Rock Wren.

Synonyms — Troglodytes obsoletus; Thryothorus obsoletus.

Status — Has been found in every part of Arizona where observations have
been made. In the southern valleys a permanent resident, but in the north prob-
ably found in summer only (see Coues, 1866a, p. yj), as also in the higher moun-
tains.

^ 333. Catherpes mexicanus conspersus Ridgway.

Canon Wren.
Synonyms — Thryothorus mexicanus ; Catherpes mexicanus; Catherpes mexi-
canus punctulatus; Catherpes mexicanus polioptilus.

\

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 75

Status — Common resident in suitable localities throughout the state, rang-
ing through Lower and Upper Sonoran into lower Transition. Most abundant
in the Upper Sonoran zone of the various mountain ranges, but found also on low,
rocky hills in the hot southern valleys, along the Colorado River, and on the des-
erts of northeastern Arizona.

334. Thryomanes bewicki eremophilus Oberholser.

Desert Wren.

Synonyms — Thryothorus bewickii; Thryothorus bewicki leucogaster; Thryo-
manes bewicki leucogaster; Thryothorus bewickii murinus; Thryothorus bewickii
bairdi; Thryomanes bezinckii bairdi; Thryomanes bewickii drymoecus.

Status — Common resident in the Upper and Lower Sonoran zones of south-
ern, and parts of western. Arizona. Has been reported in summer from the Chiri-
cahua. Huachuca, Santa Rita and Santa Catalina mountains, Santa Cruz River
near Tucson. Fort Whipple, the Big Sandv River, and manv intermediate points,
all south and west of the Mogollon Divide. T have seen no records from Arizona
localities north of that range. A winter visitant only in the lower Colorado Valley
(Mus. Vert. Zool.).

335. Troglodytes aedon parkmani Audubon.

Park man Wren.

Synonyms — Troglodytes parkmanni ; Troglodytes domesticiis parkmani:
Troglodytes aedon; Troglodytes aedon marianae; Troglodytes aedon aztecus.

Status — A summer visitant in the Transition zone of the higher ranges. Re-
mains through the winter in the valley of the Colorado River, and probably in
others of the hot valleys of southern Arizona ; generally distributed during the
migrations. Has been found in summer in the Santa Catalina, Santa Rita.
Huachuca, Mogollon, Hualpai. and San Francisco mountains, and at Fort Whip-
ple.

336. Nannus hiemalis pacificus (Raird).

Western Winter Wren.

Synonym — Olbiorchilns hiemalis pacificus.

Status — But one published record for Arizona, that of a specimen taken in
the Huachuca Mountains, April 2. 1902 (Swarth. 1904b. p, 60). There is a speei-
men in the Field Museum of Natural History. Chicago (no. 8140) labelled "Grand
Canon, March, 1887."

337. Telmatodytes palustris plesins (Oberholser).

Western Marsh Wren.

Synonyms — Cistothorus palustris; Telmatodytes palustris; Cistothorus palu-
stris var. paludicola ; Cistothorus palustris plesius.

Status — Possibly a summer visitant at suitable points, but the only definite
record I have seen of a marsh wren as such is from Fort Whipple, where Coues
(1866a, p. 78) found it a common summer resident. There are singularly few
published references to the species, even as a migrant in Arizona : Tucson, a rare
migrant (Scott, 1888. p. 165) ; Moencopie, September ( Merriam, 1890, p. 100) ;
Sulphur Spring, Cochise County, March (Osgood, 1903, p. 151) ; Colorado River,
March. T9T0 (Mus. Vert. Zool.).

X

\

\

76 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

338. Certhia familiaris albescens lierlepsch.

Mexican Creeper.

Synonym- — Certhia familiaris mexicana.

Status — A common summer visitant in high Transition in the mountain
ranges of extreme southeastern Arizona. Reported from the Chiricahua Moun-
tains (Brewster, 1882, p. 81), the Santa Rita Mountains ( Brewster, 1885b, p.
197), the Santa Catalina Mountains (Scott, 1885c, p. 350), and the Huachuca
Mountains (Swarth, 1904b, p. 60).

339. Certhia familiaris montana RidgWay.

Rocky Mountain Creeper.

Synonyms— CVr/Tr/a familiaris ; Certhia americana; Certhia familiaris var.
americana.

Status — Summer visitant in the higher mountains of northern and central
Arizona. Has been found breeding on San Francisco Mountain, Mount Graham,
and the Mogollon Mountains. One record of its occurrence as a migrant in
southern Arizona (Swarth, 1904b, p. 61; Huachuca Mountains, March, two
specimens), and one from northern Arizona in winter (Kennedy, T859, p. 29;
Pueblo Creek, January).

340. Sitta carolinensis nelsoni M earns.

Rocky Mountain Nuthatch.

Synonyms — Sitta carolinensis; Sdtta aenleata; Sitta carolinensis acnleata.

Status — Common summer visitant in the Transition zone, sometimes in high
Upper Sonoran. In some of the more southern ranges, the Santa Catalina and
Huachuca mountains, it is known to remain throughout the year. In central
Arizona it is recorded as a permanent resident at Fort Whipple (Coues, 1866a.
p. 78), and as occurring in the Mogollon Mountains in summer, and in the Verde
Valley in winter (Mearns, 1890a, p. 262). Found at Williams in February
( Wetmore, 1908, p. 386). The only record from the arid Lower Sonoran south-
western portion of Arizona is from Sacaton (Gilman, 1911a, p. 35), where it
was seen from September 3 until the first week in December, 1910.

341. Sitta canadensis Linnaeus.

Red-breasted Nuthatch.

Status — There are very few Arizona records. One taken at Fort Yuma
( Baird, 1861, p. 6). The next record is of a specimen in the Santa Catalina
Mountains, October 29, 1885 (Scott, 1888. p. 165). Found breeding in the
highest parts of the San Francisco and Mogollon mountains ( Mearns, 1890a,
p. 263) ; four specimens in the Huachuca Mountains, April 6, 1902 (Swarth,
1904b, p. 61), and several seen at Sacaton during October, 1910 (Gilman, 1911a,
P- 35)-

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 77

\

342. Sitta pygmaea pygmaea Vigors.

Pigmy Nuthatch.

Synonym — Sitta pnsilla var. pygmaea.

Status — Common resident in the Transition zone throughout the state. Js
apparently non-migratory, and though found on all of the higher mountains, has
never been observed, even in winter, in the intervening low valleys.

^ 343. Baeolophus inornatus griseus (Ridgway).

Gray Titmouse.

Synonyms — Lophophanes inornatus; Parus inornatus ridgwayi; Pants in-
ornatus griseus.

Status — Several records from the lower slopes of San Francisco Mountain
and neighboring localities, where it is probably resident. Also reported from the
Grand Canon in September (Merriam, 1890, p. 41 ), from Keam Canon in July, and
from Fort Defiance (Baird, 1861, p. 6). Cones (1866a, p. 79) found it as a
winter visitant at Fort Whipple. Apparently of rare occurrence in southern
Arizona, judging from the absence of records. The only definite statement of
its occurrence in the south is that of Brewster ( 1882, p. 79), who states that it is
of rare occurrence in the Chiricahua Mountains. Henshaw ( 1875b, p. 167)
speaks of it as occurring in the oak region of southern Arizona, but mentions
no particular locality, and lists no specimens.

344. Baeolophus wollweberi (Bonaparte).

Bridled Titmouse.

Synonyms — Lophophanes wolhvebcri; Parus zuollweberi; Baeolophus woll-
weberi annexus.

Status — Common resident of the l/pper Sonoran foothill country of the
mountains of southeastern and central Arizona. Reported from nearly all the
ranges south and west of the Mogollon Divide, and as far north as Fort Whipple
(Cones, 1866a, p. 79). Occasionally wanders to a lower zone in the fall and
winter, as evidenced by its occurrence at Sacaton in October and November,
1909 ( Gilman, 1910, p. 46). Preeminently a bird of the oak woods.

345. Penthestes sclateri (Kleinschmidt).

Mexican Chickadee.

Synonym — Parus meridionalis .

Status — In Arizona it is known to occur only in the Transition zone of the
Chiricahua Mountains (7000 to 10,000 feet), where it is reported to be not un-
common (Brewster, 1882, p. 79).

^ 346. Penthestes gambeli gambeli (Ridgway).

Mountain Chickadee.
Synonyms — Parus nwntanus ; Poecile montanus; Parus gambeli.
Status — Common resident in the higher mountains of northern and central
Arizona: San Francisco Mountain, Mogollon Mountains, Fort Whipple, etc.,
south to Mount Graham. Occurs in the Santa Catalina Mountains in winter

\

\

\

78 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

(specimens in the collection of F. S. Daggett) and may breed in that range, as
it has been seen there in June and July (Rhoads, 1892, p. 125). Mr. F. S. Dag-
gett also has specimens in his collection taken in the Santa Catalina Mountains
in June.

347. Psaltriparus plumbeus (Baird).

Lead-colored Bush-tit.

Synonyms — Psaltria plambea; Psaltriparus minimus var. . plumbeus; Psal-
triparus santaritae ; Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi.

Status — Abundant in Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in northern and
eastern Arizona. Reported from many localities : Fort Whipple, Keam Canon,
Little Colorado River, Hualpai, Huachuca, Santa Rita, and Chiricahua moun-
tains, etc. There are no records from the arid southwestern portion of the state,
nor from the Colorado River Valley, at its western border.

348. Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps (Sundevall).

Verdin.

Synonym — Paroides flaviceps.

Status — Common resident of the Lower Sonoran valleys of southern and
western Arizona. Occurs along the Colorado River to the extreme northwestern
corner of the state (Beaverdam Creek, Fisher, 1893b, p. 142). In eastern Arizona
it is not reported from any point north of the Gila River. The northern and
eastern limits of its range are formed by the rising slopes of the mountains form-
ing the great divide .which extends diagonally across the state.

349. Regulus calendula calendula (Linnaeus).

RUBY-CROWNED KlN'GLET.

Status — A summer visitant of the higher parts of the mountains of northern
and central Arizona. Recorded as breeding on San Francisco Mountain, Mount
Graham, and the Mogollon, White and Chiricahua mountains. Known to breed
also in the Santa Catalina Mountains ( F. C. Willard, MS). Remains through
the winter in the lower valleys throughout the state. Generally distributed dur-
ing the migrations.

350. Polioptila caerulea obscura Ridgway.

Western Gnatcatcher.

Synonym — Polioptila caerulea.

Status — Breeds principally in the Upper Sonoran zone. Definitely re-
ported in summer from San Francisco Mountain, Fort Whipple, and the Hualpai
Mountains, in the north ; and from the Santa Catalina and Huachuca mountains
in southern Arizona. In winter occurs locally in the warmer valleys of southern
Arizona (Tucson, etc.), and along the lower Colorado River, from Needles
southward.

\

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 79

351. Polioptila plumbea (Baird).

Plumbeous Gnatcatcher.

Synonyms — Culich'ora plumbea; Polioptila melanura; Polioptila caerulea
var. plumbea.

Status — Fairly common resident of the Lower Sonoran zone of southern,
western, and parts of northern Arizona. Found breeding in all the low valleys
south of the Mogollon Divide (Gila, Santa Cruz, San Pedro, etc.), north to
Fort Whipple (Cones, 1866a, p. 66) and Fort Mohave. Also reported in sum-
mer from Keam Canon, in northwestern Arizona (Fisher, 1903, p. 36). As it
has been taken at some of the northernmost ooints of record in Arizona during
the winter months, it is probably a permanent resident wherever it is found in the
state, though possibly there are slight local migrations.

352. Myadestes townsendi (Audubon).

Townsend Solitaire.

Synonym — Ptilogonys townsendii.

Statusi — Breeds in the Boreal zone of the San Francisco Mountains (Mer-
riam, 1890, p. 101) ; not known to do so elsewhere in Arizona, though it may
prove to be a summer visitant in some other of the higher ranges (Mogollon
Mountains, White Mountains, etc.). A pair of birds seen in the Huachuca
Mountains during June, 1910, under circumstances possibly indicative of their
breeding (F. C. Willard, MS). A common migrant in the Upper Sonoran and
Transition zones, observed at various points in eastern Arizona. Seen in north-
ern Arizona in January and February (Kennedy, 1859, p. 25). Has occurred
through the winter in the Santa Catalina Mountains ( Scott, 1888, p. 167). and in
the Dragoon Mountains (Osgood, 1903, p. 151).

353. Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola Ridgway.

Willow Thrush.

Synonym — Turd us fuscescens salicicolus.

Status — The only positive record for Arizona is that of a specimen taken by
Herbert Brown at Tucson, in May, 1882 (Scott, 1888, p. 167). Breninger (1901a,
p. 46) reported one as seen on the Pima Indian Reservation, south of Phoenix,
in September [1900?], but the bird was not taken.

354. Hylocichla ustulata ustulata (Nuttall).

Russet-backed Thrush,
Synonyms — Turdus ustulatus; Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni.
Status — Although there are singularly few records of the occurrence of this
species in Arizona, it is nevertheless a common migrant in the southern and
western parts of the state. The published records are as follows : Santa Rita
Mountains, May 17, 1881, one specimen (Brewster, 1882, p. 68); Fort Lowell,
May 21, 1884, one specimen (Brewster, 1885a. p. 85) ; Yuma, May, three speci-
mens (Morcom, 1887, p. 57) ; Huachuca Mountains, common migrant in the
spring (Swarth, 1904b, p. 63). Re-examination of specimens recorded as H. u.
szcainsoni (Swarth. 1. c.) shows them all to be examples of H. u. ustulata.

80 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

355- Hylocichla guttata guttata (Pallas).

Kadiak Hermit Thrush.

Synonyms — Turdus nanus; Hylocichla nana; Turdus pallasi var. nanus;
Tardus unalascac ; Turdus aonalascJikae.

Status — Common migrant and winter visitant in the valleys and foothills
of southern Arizona, and along the Colorado River. Verde Valley, winter
(Mearns, 1890a, p. 263); Santa Catalina Mountains, winter (Scott, 1888, p.
167); Fort Whipple, migrant (Coues, 1866a, p. 65). It has not been reported
from any point in Arizona north and east of the Mogollon Divide.

356- Hylocichla guttata auduboni (Baird).
Rocky Mountain Hermit Thrush.

Synonyms — Turdus pallasi var. auduboni; Turdus unalascac auduboni;
Turdus aonalaschkae auduboni ; Turdus guttatus auduboni.

Status — Summer visitant in the higher mountains of northern and eastern
Arizona. Has been found breeding on Mount Graham ( Henshaw, 1875b, p.
144), the Mogollon Mountains (Mearns, 1890a, p. 263), San Francisco Moun-
tain (Merriam, 1890, p. 101), and the Chiricahua Mountains (Fisher, 1904, p.
81). In the Santa Catalina Mountains Scott (1885c, p. 349) found it very rare but
apparently breeding. Reported as a migrant in the Dragoon Mountains (Os-
good, 1903, p. 151), and in the Huachuca Mountains ( Swarth, 1904b, p. 64).
There are no records from localities in the lowlands.

357. Hylocichla guttata nanus (Audubon).

Dwarf Hermit Thrush.
Status — Apparently of rare occurrence in Arizona. The following two re-
ferences are the only ones I have seen relating definitely to this subspecies :
Huachuca Mountains, one specimen, April 6, 1903 (Swarth, 1904b, p. 64) ;
"Santa Catalina Mountains, October 30; . . . Fort Verde, November 9;
Tucson, January 17" (Ridgway, 1907, p. 42). There is in the Museum of Verte-
brate Zoology a skin (no. 6432) taken by J. G. Cooper at Fort Mohave, January
25, 1 861.

358. Hylocichla guttata slevini Grinnell.

Monterey Hermit Thrush.
Status — A rare migrant, reported only from the Huachuca and Chiricahua
mountains (Swarth, 1904b, p. 64).

359. Planesticus migratorius propinquus (Ridgway).

Western Robin.

Synonyms — Turdus migratorius; Planesticus migratorius ; Turdus migra-
torius propinquus; Merula migratoria propinqua.

Status — Breeds commonly in most of the high mountain ranges of eastern
Arizona. Has been reported in summer from the Mogollon Mountains, San
Francisco Mountain, Huachuca Mountains, and the vicinity of Fort Whipple.
Winters in the valleys and lowlands cenerallv.

N

\

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 81

360. Sialia sialis fulva Brewster.

Azure Bluebird.

Synonym — Sialia sialis azurea.

Status — Rare in summer in the high mountains of extreme southern Arizona :
Santa Rita Mountains, June 18 and 20, 1884, three specimens (Brewster, 1885a,
p. 85) ; Huachuca Mountains (Ridgway, 1907, p. 146). The latter record, ac-
cording to information received by me from Mr. W. W. Cooke, is based upon a
specimen taken by Dr. A. K. Fisher, at Fort Huachuca, April 30, 1892. The
species is not of regular or of common occurrence in either of these mountain
ranges, where Sialia mexicana bairdi is the common breeding bluebird ; in fact
the above records are the only ones known to me, though the region has been
visited frequently by collectors.

361. Sialia mexicana bairdi Ridgway.

Chestnut-backed Bluebird.

Synonyms- — Sialia occidentalis ; Sialia mexicana; Sialia mexicana occiden-
tals.

Status — Common resident in high Transition in the mountains of northern
and eastern Arizona, ranging west to the Hualpai Mountains (Stephens, 1903,
p. T05 ). Also definitely reported as occurring in summer on San Francisco Moun-
tain, and in the Mogollon, Chiricahua, Santa Calalina, and Huachuca ranges. Of
more general distribution during the winter: still to be found in the high ranges
of southern Arizona, but in the valleys and plains also, and along the Colorado
River.

362. . Sialia currucoides (Bechstein).

Mountain Bluebird.

Synonym — Sialia arctica.

Status — A summer visitant of the higher mountains north of the Mogollon
Divide. Reported as breeding in the San Francisco and Mogollon mountains
(Mearns, 1890a, p. 264). Occurs during the winter at Fort Whipple, along the
lower Colorado River, and in the valleys of southern Arizona — Tucson, San
Pedro River, etc.

HYPOTHETICAL LIST

1. Colymbus auritus Linnaeus.

Horned Ore hi-;.

Synonym — Pndiceps corn it t its.

Status — Known only from the records by Coues of its occurrence on the Col-
orado River (1866a, p. 100). and at Fort Grant ( 1868. p. 84), statements which
are not sufficiently explicit.

82 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

2. Gavia pacifica (Lawrence).

Pacific Loon.

Synonyms — Colymbus pacificus; Colymbiis arcticus var. pacilicus.

Status — The only reason for including this species in a list of the birds of
Arizona lies in the fact that it is contained in Cones' ''List of the Birds of Fort
Whipple" ( 1866a, p. ioo). No specific instance of its occurrence is cited, how-
ever; in fact he does not even explicitly state that the species was found in the
region, and though it may occur in winter on the Colorado River, there is at pres-
ent no proof that such is the case.

3. Larns occidentalis Audubon.

Western Gull.
Status — Recorded as seen commonly in midwinter along the Colorado River
from its mouth to a point forty miles south of Yuma (Price, 1899, p. 90). If no
mistake was made in identification the species may be found ranging up the river
to within the Arizona boundary.

4. Larus heermanni Cassin.

Heermann Gull.
Status — Seen by Rhoads, in winter, on the lower Colorado River, "as far
up as Yuma, Arizona" (Stone, 1905, p. 687). The improbability of the occurrence
demands the verification of specimens actually secured.

5. Larus atricilla Linnaeus.

Laughing Gull.

Synonym — C/iroecocephalus atricilla.

Status — "Colorado River, particularly its lower portions. A specimen taken
over a hundred miles from any body of water, near the eastern border of the Ter-
ritory" (Cones, 1866a, p. 99). This is the only Arizona record.

6. Larus franklini Richardson.

Franklin Gull.
Synonym — Chroecocephalus franklini.

Status — "I am under the impression that 1 also saw Cli. franklinii about
twenty miles from the river near Fort Mojave" (Cones, 1866a, p. 99).

7. Branta bernicla glaucogastra ( Brehm).

Brant.

Synonym — Bernicla brenta.

Status— Mentioned by Coues (1865b, p. 538) as occurring on the Gila River,
and by Woodhouse (1853, p. 102) as abundant in "New Mexico". Both state-
ments seem improbable.

8. Guara rubra (Linnaeus ).

Scarlet Ibis.
Status — Known only from the record of a rlock of seven or eight birds, sup-
posedly this species, seen at Rillito Creek, near Fort Lowell, September 17, 1890
(Brown, 1899a, p. 270).

\

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 83

9. Creciscus jamaicensis (Gmelin).

Black Rail.
Synonym — Porzana jamaicensis.

Status — Doubtfully recorded from the vicinity of Tucson, on the basis of a
bird, believed to be of this species, seen April 23, 1881 (Brewster, 1883, p. 36).

10. Limosa fedoa (Linnaeus).

Marbled God wit.
Status — A bird supposed to be of this species seen, but not secured, on the
San Pedro River, January 27, 1886 (Scott, 1886, p. 386).

11. Limosa haemastica (Linnaeus).

HtJDSONIAN GODWIT.

Status — Its occurrence in the state can not be considered as established by
the record of the observation of a bird "probably of this species" ( Yisher, 1910b,
p. 280).

12. Totanus flavipes (Gmelin).

Yellowlegs.
Status — One record, of its occurrence near Tucson, in September (Visher,
1910b, p. 280). In the absence of specimens it may be questioned.

13. Charadrius dominicus dominicus Miiller.

Golden Plover.
Status — The only record is that of two seen, but not secured, near Tucson
( Yisher, 1910b, p. 281).

14. Columba flavirostris Wagler.

Red-pilled Pigeon.
Status — Known only from the record by Bendire (1892, p. 128) of three
birds (not seen by himself) said to have been shot in the foothills of the Graham
Mountains, near Fort Grant, July 25, 1886.

15. Gymnogyps californianus (Shaw).

California Condor.

Synonyms — C 'athartes californianus; Pscudogryphus californianus.

Status — ''Resident in Southern Arizona. Individuals observed at Fort Yuma
in September, 1865" (Coues, 1866a, p. 42). The statement as to its occurrence
in southern Arizona lacks confirmation ; Fort Yuma is on the California side of
the river. There are doubtful records of its occurrence in the Santa Catalina
Mountains (Rhoads, 1892, p. 114), and at Pierce's Ferry, Colorado River (north-
west Arizona), in March, 1881 (Brown, 1899b, p. 272).

16. Sarcoramphus papa (Linnaeus).

King Vulture.

Synonym — Gyparchus papa.

Status — The very doubtful records of its occurrence on San Francisco River
(Coues, 1866a, p. 49), and the Verde River (Coues, 1881b, p. 248) lack con-
firmation.

84 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

17. Elanus leucurus (Vieillot).

White-tailed Kite.
Status — The only definite record for Arizona is that of F. T. Pember, who
claimed to have met with the species near Gila Bend, in April (1892, p. 49).

18. Buteo lineatus elegans Cassin.

R Ed-bellied Hawk.

Synonym — Buteo elegans.

Status — The only record of the occurrence of this species in Arizona is thc.t
of a specimen collected by Kennerly and Mollhausen on the Colorado Chiquito,
November 17, 1853 ( Baird, 1858, p. 28). According to information received by
me from Mr. W.« W. Cooke it is not now to be found in the National Museum
collection, although entered in the catalogue, with data as given above. Under
the circumstances the species may be excluded from the regular list until tne oc-
currence can be confirmed.

[9. Xenopicus albolarvatus (Cassin).

White-headed Woodpecker.
Status — The alleged occurrence of this species in the Santa Catalina Moun-
tains ( Yisher. 1910b, p. 282) seems doubtful.

20. Otocoris alpestris praticola Henshaw.

Prairie Horned Lark.
Status — One specimen recorded from Fort Verde, in winter (Oberholser,
1902, p. 825). The possibility presents itself of this bird being an individual ex-
treme of some one of the several races regularly frequenting the region, or an inter-
grade between two of them, rather than belonging to the race to which it has
been referred. In treating slightly differentiated subspecies of such a variable
species it seems unsafe to assert such an extraordinary extension of range on such
slender evidence.

21. Agelaius phoeniceus californicus Nelson.

Bicolorei) Red-winged Blackbird.

Synonym — Agclaius gubcrnator ealifornieits.

Status — Straggling east to western Arizona ( A. O. U. Check-List, 1910, p.
235). According to information received by me from Mr. W. W. Cooke, this
statement is based upon a specimen found dead July 6, 1907, by Mr. Vernon
Haiiey. at Casa Grande. Intcrgradation between this form and neutralis has
been demonstrated, and the possibility suggests itself of the supposed specimen
of californicus being really an individual extreme of neutralis, a common species
in the region. The occurrence of californicus, apparently a non-migratory form,
so far from the normal boundaries of its range, should receive the strongest pos-
sible verification.

22. Wilsonia pusilla pusilla (Wilson).

Wilson Warbler.
Status — According to Ridgway (1902, p. 710) this species is "occasional
during migration in . . . Arizona (Tucson. May: Fort Whipple, May)".

\

1914 . BIRDS OF ARIZONA 85

23. Regulus satrapa satrapa Lichtenstein.

Golden-crowned Kingi et.

Synonym — Regulus satrapa oHvaceus.

Status — Most of the statements relative to the occurrence of this species in
Arizona can be traced back to Woodhouse's casual mention of birds seen on San
Francisco Mountain (1853, pp. 67, 68). In the absence of specimens, and of sub-
sequent confirmation by other observers, it seems best to exclude the species from
the regular list. A recent record from the Santa Catalina Mountains, in July
(Rhoads, 1892, p. 125), can not be considered as satisfactory, as specimens were
not secured.

24. Ixoreus naevius naevius ( ( Jmelin ) .

Varied Thrush.

Synonym — Tardus naevius.

Status — Said to have been obtained by Lieut. Ives' expedition on the Colorado
River between Forts Mohave and Yuma ( Baird, 1861, p. 5). This may or may
not have been on the Arizona side of the river, and on this account alone the spe-
cies may be omitted from the Arizona list. At most it can be but an exceedingly
rare straggler into the region.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE AVIFAUNA OF ARIZONA

From the foregoing data the birds occurring in the state of Arizona may be
divided into the following classes :

Resident 1 52

Summer visitant 72

Winter visitant ' 57

Transient 30

Of casual occurrence 51

giving a total of 362 species and subspecies found within the state.

Resident Species

Colinus ridgwayi

Callipepla squamata

Lophortyx gambeli

Cyrtonyx montezumae mearnsi

Dendragapus obscurus nbscurus

Meleagris gallopavo merriami

Columba fasciata fasciata

Zenaidura macroura marginella

Chaemepelia passcrina pallescens

Scardafella inca

Cathartes aura septentrionalis

Circus hudsonius

Accipiter velox

Accipiter cooperi

Parabuteo unicinctus liarrisi

Buteo borealis calurus

Ruteo abbreviatus

Urubitinga anthracina

Aquila chrysnetos

1.

Mergus americanus

20.

2.

Anas platyrhynchos

21.

3.

Chaulelasmus streperus

22.

4.

Mareca americana

23.

5.

Querquedula discors

24.

6.

Querquedula cyanoptera

25.

7.

Spatula clypeata

26.

8.

Dafila acuta

27.

9.

Erismatura jamaicensis

28.

10.

Botaurus lentiginosus

29.

11.

Ardea herodias treganzai

30.

12.

Butorides virescens anthonyi

31.

13.

Nycticorax nycticorax naevius

32.

14.

Grus mexicana

33.

15.

Porzana Carolina

34.

16.

Gallinula galeata

35.

17.

Fulica americana

36.

18.

Actitis macularius

37.

19.

Oxyechus vociferus

38.

86

PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA

No. 10

39. Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephalus 97.

40. Falco mexicanus 98.

41. Falco peregrinus anatum 99.

42. Falco fusco-caerulescens 100.

43. Falco sparverius sparverius 101.

44. Polyborus cheriway 102.

45. Aluco pratincola 103.

46. Strix occidentalis huachucae

47. Cryptoglaux acadica acadica 104.

48. Otus asio cineraceus

49. Otus asio gilmani 105.

50. Bubo virginianus pallescens 106.

51. Speotyto cunicularia hypoga?a 107.

52. Glaucidium gnoma pinicola 108.

53. Glaucidium phaloenoides 109.

54. Micropallas whitneyi 110.

55. Geococcyx californianus 111.

56. Dryobates villosus leucothorectis 112.

57. Dryobates pubescens homorus 113.

58. Dryobates scalaris cactophilus 114.

59. Dryobates arizonae 115.

60. Picoides americanus dorsalis 116.

61. Sphyrapicus thyroideus 117.

62. Melanerpes formicivorus aculeatus 1 18.

63. Asyndesmus lewisi 11Q.

64. Centurus uropygialis 120.

65. Colaptes cafer collaris 121.

66. Colaptes chrysoides mearnsi 122.

67. Phalaenoptilus nuttalli nuttalli 123.

68. Aeronautes melauoleucus 124.

69. Calypte costae 125.

70. Tyrannus vociferans 126.

71. Myiarchus cinerascens 127.

72. Sayornis sayus 128.

73. Sayornis nigricans 129.

74. Pyrocephalus rubinus mexicanus 130.

75. Otocoris alpestris adusta 131.

76. Otocoris alpestris pallida 132.

77. Otocoris alpestris occidentalis 133.

78. Cyanocitta stelleri diademata 134.

79. Aphelocoma woodhousei 135.

80. Aphelocoma sieberi arizonae 136.

81. Perisoreus canadensis capitalis 137.

82. Corvus corax sinuatus 138.

83. Corvus cryptoleucus 139.

84. Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis 140.

85. Nucifraga columbiana 141.

86. Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus 142.

87. Molothrus ater obscurus 143.

88. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus 144.

89. Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis 145.

90. Agelaius phoeniceus neutralis 146.

91. Sturnella magna hoopesi 147.

92. Sturnella neglecta 148.

93. Euphagus cyanocephalus 149.

94. Hesperiphona vespertina montana 150.

95. Carpodacus cassini 151.
Q6. Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis 152.

Loxia curvirostra stricklandi

Passer domesticus

Astragalinus tristis pallidus

Astragalinus psaltria hesperophilus

Spinus pinus

Pocecetes gramineus confinis

Passerculus sandwichensis nevaden

sis
Ammodramus savannarum bimacu-

latus
Chondestes grammacus strigatus
Spizella passerina arizonae
Spizella breweri
Junco phaeonotus palliatus
Junco phaeonotus dorsalis
Amphispiza bilineata deserticola
Aimophila carpalis
Aimophila ruhceps scotti
Melospiza melodia saltonis
Pipilo maculatus montanus
Pipilo fuscus mesoleucus
Pipilo aberti

Cardinalis cardinalis superbus
Pyrrhuloxia sinuata sinuata
Phainopepla nitens
Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides
Vireo huttoni stephensi
Peucedramus olivaceus
Dendroica auduboni auduboni
Cinclus mexicanus unicolor
Mimus polyglottos leucopterus
Toxostoma curvirostre palmeri
Toxostoma bendirei
Toxostoma lecontei iecontei
Toxostoma crissale
Heleodytes brunneicapillus couesi
Salpinctes ol>soletus obsolctus
Catherpes mexicanus conspersus
Thryomanes bewicki eremophilus
Troglodytes aedon parkmani
Telmatodytes palustris plesius
Certhia familiaris montana
Sitta carolinensis nclsoni
Sitta canadensis
Sitta pygmaea pygmaea
Bacolophus inornatus griseus
Raeolophus wollweberi
Penthestes sclateri
Penthestes gambeli gambeli
Psaltriparus plumbeus
Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps
Regulus calendula calendula
Polioptila caerulea obscura
Polioptila plumbea
Myadestes townsendi
Planesticus migratorius propinquus
Sialia mexicana bairdi
Sialia currucoides

1914

BIRDS OF ARIZONA

87

These species are resident in the sense that the available data seems to show
that they occur somewhere in the state at all times of the year. Many of them arc
truly migratory, and, in making altitudinal migrations, spend the summer and win-
ter in as widely different surroundings as if they had travelled instead over the
length of the continent. Some are almost entirely restricted to the warm valleys
of the lower parts of the Colorado and Gila rivers during the winter.

From the list of residents may be selected the following species which are
probably to be found over the same grounds the year through, though some of
them may, in fall and winter, spread out over a somewhat wider territory.

Colinus ridgwayi
Callipepla squamata
Lophortyx gambeli
Cyrtonyx m. mearnsi
Dendragapus o. obscurus
Melcagris g. merriami
Buteo b. calurus
Bubo v. pallescens
Speotyto c. hypogaea
Geococcyx californianus
Dryobates v. leucothorectis
Dryobates s. cactophilus
Dryobates arizonae
Picoides a. dorsalis
Centurus uropygialis
Colaptes c. mearnsi
Otocoris a. adusta
Otocoris a. pallida
Cyanocitta s. diademata
Apbelocoma woodhousei
Aphclocoma s. arizonae
Perisoreus c. capitalis

Passer domesticus
Junco p. palliatus
J unco p. dorsalis
Aimophila r. scotti
Melospiza m. saltonis
Pipilo m. moutanus
Pipilo f. mesoleucus
Pipilo aberti
Vireo h. stepbensi
Toxostoma c. palmeri
Toxostoma bendirei
Toxostoma 1. lecontei
Toxostoma crissale
Heleodytes b. couesi
Salpinctes o. obsoletus
Catherpes m. conspersus
Thryomanes b. eremophilus
Sitta p. pygmaea
Baeolopbus wollweberi
Psaltriparus plumbeus
Auriparus f. rlaviceps
Polioptila plumbea

Summer Visitants

1. Colymbus nigricollis californicus 19.

2. Plegadis guarauna 20.

3. Mycteria americana (not known to 21.

breed) 22.

4. Melopelia asiatica trudeaui 23.

5. Buteo albicaudatus sennetti 24.

6. Buteo swainsoni 25.

7. Asturina plagiata 26.

8. Otus trichopsis 27.

9. Otus flammeolus 28.

10. Coccyzus americanus occidentalis 29.

11. Trogon ambiguus 30.

12. Antrostomus vociferus macromystax 31.

13. Chordeiles virginianus henryi 32.

14. Chordeiles acutipennis texensis 33.

15. Eugenes fulgens 34.

16. Cyanolaemus clemenciae 35.

17. Archilochus alexandri 36.

18. Selasphorus platycercus . 37.

Basilinna leucotis

Cynanthus latirostris

Tyrannus verticalis

Myiodynastes luteiventris

Myiarchus magister magister

Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens

Xuttallornis borealis

Myiochanes pertinax pallidiventris

Myiochanes richardsoni richardsoni

Kmpidonax difficilis difficilis

Empidonax trailli trailli

Empidonax fulvifrons pygmacus

Camptostoma imberbe

Tangavius aeneus aeneus

Icterus parisorum

Icterus cucullatus nclsmii

Icterus bullocki

Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys

Spizella atrogularis

88

PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA

No. 10

38.
39.

40.
41.
42.

43.

44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.

Peucaea botterii 56.

Peucaea cassini 57.
Zamelodia melanocephala melanocephala 58.

Guiraca caerulea lazula 59.

Passerina amoena 60.

Piranga ludoviciana 61.

Piranga hepatica 62.

Piranga rubra cooperi 63.

Progne subis subis 64.

Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons 65.
Petrochelidon lunifrons melanogastra 66.

Hirundo erythrogastra 67.

Tachycineta thalassina lepida 68.

Riparia riparia 69.

Stelgidopteryx serripennis 70.

Vireosylva gilva swain son i 71.

Lanivireo solitarius plumbeus 72.
Vireo belli arizonae

Virco vicinior
Vermivora lucias
Vcnnivora virginiac
Vermivora celata celata
Dendroica aestiva sonorana
Dendroica auduboni nigrifrons
Dendroica graciae
Dendroica nigrescens
Oporornis tolmiei
Ceothlypis trichas scirpicola
Icteria virens longicauda
Wilsonia pusilla pileolata
Setophaga picta
Cardellina rubrifrons
Certhia familiaris albescens
Hylocichla guttata auduboni
Sialia sialis fulva

For comments upon the species included in this list see beyond, under the
discussion of the composition of the avifauna of the different life zones within
the state.

Winter Visitants

1. Aechmophorus occidentalis

2. Podilymbus podiceps

3. Gavia immer

4. Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus

5. Pelecanus erythrorhynchos

6. Mergus serrator

7. Ne,ttion carolinense

8. Marila americana

9. Marila valisineria

10. Marila marila

11. Marila affinis

12. Charitonetta albeola

13. Chen hyperboreus hyperboreus

14. Anser albifrons gambeli

15. Branta canadensis canadensis

16. Branta canadensis hutchinsi

17. Dendrocygna bicolor

18. Olor columbianus

19. Grus canadensis

20. Rallus virginianus

21. Recurvirostra americana

22. Gallinago delicata

23. Pisobia minutilla

24. Ereunetes mauri

25. Podasocys montanus

26. Archibuteo ferrugineus

27. Falco columbarius columbarius

28. Asio wilsonianus

29. Asio flammeus

30. Ceryle alcyon

31. Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis

32. Otocoris alpestris leucolaema

33. Agelaius phoeniceus fortis

34. Astragalinus lawrencei

35. Calcarius ornatus

36. Rhynchophanes mccowni

37. Passerculus sandwichensis alaudinus

38. Ammodramus bairdi

39. Zonotrichia leucophrys gambeli
-10. Junco hyemalis hyemalis

41. Junco oreganus thurberi

42. Junco oreganus shufeldti

43. Junco mearnsi

44. Junco caniceps

45. Amphispiza nevadensis nevadensis

46. Melospiza melodia fallax

47. Melospiza lincolni lincolni

48. Passerella iliaca schistacca

49. Pipilo maculatus curtatus

50. Oreospiza chlorura

51. Calamospiza melanocorys

52. Bombycilla cedrorum

53. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis

54. An thus albescens

55. Oreoscoptes montanus

56. Hylocichla guttata guttata

57. Hylocichla guttata nanus
-■ "■

1914

BIRDS OF ARIZONA

89

Most of these are migratory species which spend the summer at varying dis-
tances directly to the northward, and it 'is to he expected, of course, that they
should occur in winter in this state. The occurrence of Jkiico o. thurberi and
Hylocichla g. nanus is further evidence of the existence of a migration route
across the deserts to the westward, as shown by the various Pacific Coast birds mi-
grating through Arizona.

1.

Herodias egretta

16.

2.

Egretta candidissima candidissima

17.

3.

Steganopus tricolor

18.

4.

Himantopus mexicanus

19.

5.

Pisobia bairdi

20.

6.

Totanus melanoleucus

21.

7.

Helodromas solitarius cinnamomeus

22.

8.

Numenius americanus

23.

9.

Aegialitis semipalmata

24.

10.

Pandion haliaetus carolinensis

25.

11.

Chaetura vauxi

26.

12.

Selasphorus rufus

27.

13.

Stellula calliope

28.

14.

Empidonax hammondi

29.

15.

Empidonax wrighti

30.

Transient Species

Empidonax griseus

Spizella pallida

Passerina ciris

Spiza americana

Iridoprocne bicolor

Lanivireo solitarius cassmi

Vermivora rubricapilla gutturalis

Vermivora celata lutescens

Dendroica aestiva brewsteri

Dendroica townsendi

Dendroica occidentalis

Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis

Wilsonia pusilla chryseola

Hylocichla ustulata ustulata

Hylocichla guttata slevini

The thirty species listed above occur, as far as we know, merely as migrants,
passing through Arizona on their way to and from their breeding grounds,
neither nesting nor wintering anywhere within the state. Twelve of these species
spend the summer on the Pacific coast in California or farther north, and their
abundance during the migrations indicates the presence of a well defined migra-
tion route from southeast Arizona almost due westward and across the inter-
vening deserts. These species are: Chaetura vauxi, Selasphorus rufus, Stellula
calliope, Empidonax hammondi, Lanivireo s. eassini, Vermivora r. gutturalis.
Vermivora c. lutescens, Dendroica townsendi. Dendroica occidentalis. Wilsonia
p. chryseola, Hylocichla it. ustulata, and Hylocichla g. slevini.

Five of the species listed breed in the far north, and pass through Arizona
in the course of a direct north and south migration. These are: Pisobia bairdi,
Totanus melanoleucus. Helodromas s. cinnamomeus, Aegialitis semipalmata,
Seiurus n. notabilis. Four other species breeding at nearer points north of
Arizona, and hence following the same migration route through the state, are:
Steganopus tricolor, Himantopus mexicanus, Numenius americanus. Dendroica
a. brewsteri.

Spizella pallida, Passerina ciris, and Spiza americana are species from
regions east of Arizona whose manner of occurrence, usually in the late summer,
is apparently indicative of established migration routes. Of the remaining six
species on the list of migrants, Herodias egretta. Egretta c. candidissima, Pandion
h. carolinensis, Empidonax wrighti. Empidonax griseus, and Iridoprocne bicolor,
it may be that some or all will be found breeding within the state, but the
data available at the present time shows their presence only during the period of
migration.

90

PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA

No. in

Species or Casual

1. Gavia stellata 27.

2. Larus delawarensis 28.

3. Larus Philadelphia 29.

4. Sterna forsteri ,30.

5. Sterna hirundo 31.

6. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis 32.

7. Phaethon aethereus 33.

8. Anhinga anhinga 34.

9. Lophodytes cucullatus 35.

10. Clangula clangula americana 36.

11. Dendrocygna autumnalis 37.

12. Ixobrychus exilis 38.

13. Rallus levipes 39.

14. Coturnicops noveboracensis 40.

15. Ionornis martinicus 41.

16. Lobipes lobatus 42.

17. Macrorhamphus griseus scolopaceus 43.

18. Pelidna alpina sakhalina 44.

19. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus 45.

20. Bartramia longicauda 46.

21. Astur atricapillus atricapillus 47.

22. Archibuteo lagopus sanctijohannis 48.

23. Falco columbarius richardsoni 49.

24. Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha 50.

25. Crotophaga sulcirostris 51.
26.

Occurrence

Melanerpes erythrocephalus

Calypte anna

Selasphorus alleni

Atthis heloisa morcomi

Calotliorax 'ucifer

Uranomitra salvini

Platypsaris aglaiae albiventris

Pica pica hudsonia

Carpodacus purpureus californicus

Passerculus rostrativ, rostratus

Spizclla monticola ochracca

Junco montanus

Melospiza melodia merrilli

Zamelodia ludoviciana

Passerina versicolor pulchra

Bombycilla garrula

Lanius borealis

Vireosylva olivacea

Protonotaria citrea

Dendroica coronata

Dendroica virens

Setophaga ruticilla

Toxostoma rufum

Nannus hiemalis pacificus

Hvlocichla fuscescens salicicola

Ceryle americana septentrionalis
That this list is of such length is undoubtedly largely due to the defective data
at our command ; and many of the species included may prove to he of fairly com-
mon, or at any rate regular, occurrence, at some season of the year. Of certain
of them, however, the individuals taken were evidently beyond the normal
bounds of the species. These are : Phaethon aethereus, Rallus levipes, Crotophaga
sulcirostris, Ceryle a. septentrionalis, Melanerpes erythrocephalus, Platypsaris a.
albiventris, Zamelodia ludoviciana, Passerina v. pulchra, Lanius borealis.
Vireosylva olivacea, Protonotaria citrea, Dendroica virens, Setophaga ruticilla,
Toxostoma rufum, Nannus h. pacificus, Hylocichla f. salicicolus.

Each of the above is admitted to the state list of birds on the basis of the
capture of at least one specimen, but it is not to be expected that the species prove
to be of regular occurrence.

Two others, Calypte anna and Selasphorus alleni, have occurred with sufficient
frequency to have entitled them, perhaps, to a place in the category of migrants,
but the present definition seems to best express their manner of occurrence, late
summer wanderers, and not travelers to a determined destination.

Species Occurrtnc. in the Lower Sonoran Zone

SUMMER VISITANT

i. Melopelia a. trudeaui

2. Buteo a. sennetti

3. Buteo swainsoni

4. Asturina plagiata

5. Chordeiles a. texensis

6. Tyrannus verticalis

7. Myiarchus m. magister

8. Empidonax t. trailli
°. Camptostoma imberbr

10. Tangavius a. aeneus

11. Icterus c. nelsoni

12. Peucaea botterii

13. Peucaea cassini

14. Guiraca c. lazula

15. Piranga r. cooperi

16. Vireo b. arizonae

17. Vermivora luciae

18. Dendroica a. sonorann

LOWER SONORAN ^ I UI'I'ER SONOKAN I I TRANSITION-

LIFE ZONES OF ARIZONA

1914

RIRDS OF ARIZONA

91

RESIDENT

20

Otocoris a. adusta

21

Otocoris a. pallida

22

Corvus cryptoleucus

23

Molothrus a. obscurus

24

Amphispiza b. deserticola

25

Aimophila carpalis

26

Melospiza m. saltonis

27

Pipilo aberti

28

Cardinalis c. superbus

29

Pyrrhuloxia s. sinuata

30

Phainopepla nitcns

31

Toxostoma c. palmcri

32

Toxostoma bendirei

33

Toxostoma 1. lecontei

34

Toxostoma crissalc

35

Heleodytes b. couesi

36

Auriparus f. flaviceps

37

Polioptila plumbea

1. Colinus ridgwayi

2. Callipepla squamata

3. Lophortyx gambeli

4. Chaemepelia p. pallescens

5. Scardafella inca.

6. Parabuteo u. harrisi

7. Falco fusco-caerulescens

8. Polyborus cheriway

9. Otus a. gilmani

10. Speotyto c. hypogaea

11. Glaucidium phaloenoides

12. Micropallas whitneyi

13. Geococcyx calif ornianus

14. Dryobates s. cactophilus

15. Centurus uropygialis

16. Colaptes c. mearnsi

17. Calypte costae

18. Sayornis sayus

19. Pyrocephalus r. mexicanus

The Lower Sonoran zone occupies a larger portion of the state than any-
other of the faunal subdivisions. It includes the vast desert area of western Ari-
zona, and extends as long, narrow ribbons far up the valleys of the Gila River
and its tributaries, and along the Colorado River to, and including, the desert
of the Little Colorado River, in the northeastern corner of the state. In these
Lower Sonoran valleys of Arizona many of the distinctive southwestern desert
types attain their greatest development. The group of thrashers is a good ex-
ample of this class ; while there are distinctive low zone species of doves, quails,
and woodpeckers, several species of each, with great abundance of individuals.

The various associations found within the Lower Sonoran zone present com-
binations of species quite as distinctive as those inhabiting different zones.
Among these may be mentioned the association of the mesquite-bordered streams,
in which are found the White-winged Dove. Vermilion Flycatcher, Crissal
Thrasher, Lucy Warbler, Sonoran Yellow Warbler and Verdin ; that of the giant
cactus, with the Sahuaro Screech Owl, Elf Owl, Gilded Flicker, and Arizona
Crested Flycatcher ; and that of the creosote and cholla cactus covered mesa,
with the Black-throated Sparrow, Palmer, Bendire and Leconte thrashers, Cactus
Wren, Plumbeous Gnatcatcher and Texas Nighthawk. These lists, of course,
are not at all complete, but include merely some of the most conspicuous and
typical birds of each association. The subject is deserving of careful study,
such as cannot be attempted in this connection, and should include consideration
of the mammals and reptiles of the regions as well as of the birds. Many of the
correlations noted even in a cursory survey of the available data, are extremely
interesting.

Species Occurring in the L<pper Sonoran Zone
summer visitant

1. Cynanthus latirostris 4.

2. . Myiarchus 1. olivascens 5.

3. Myiocbanes r. richardsoni 6.

Icterus pansorum
Vireosylva g. swainsoni
Vireo vicininr

PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA

No. 10

RESIDENT

1. Otus a. cineraceus

2. Dryobates arizonae

3. Melanerpes f. aculeatus

4. Tyrannus vociferans

5. Aphelocoma woodhousei

6. Aphelocoma s. arizonae

7. Aimophila r. scotti

8. Vireo h. stephensi

9. Baeolophus i. griseus

10. Baeolophus wollweberi

11. Polioptila c. obscura

The Upper Sonoran zone occupies a comparatively limited area in the state,
and the list of birds confined to it solely is a short one. In southern Arizona this
zone is in few places of greater width than is comprised in the belt of live-oak
covered foothills between the higher mountains and the valleys below. Of the
seventeen species listed as peculiar to this zone, eleven are preeminently birds
of this live-oak association, as follows: Otus a. cineraceus, Dryobates arizonae,
Melanerpes f. aculeatus, 7'yraunus I'ocifcrans, Myiarchus I. olivasccns, Aphelo-
coma woodhousei, Aphelocoma s. arizonae, Vireo h. stephensi, Baeolophus i.
griseus, Baeolophus wollweberi, Polioptila c. obscura.

Of the remaining six, Cynanthus latirostris, Myiochanes r. richardsoni, and
/ 'ireosylva g. swainsoni are to a great extent denizens of the sycamores along
the canon streams in the foothills. Icterus parisorum and Aimophila ruiiceps
scotti frequent the agave and scrub-oak covered hillsides, while Vireo vicinior
is in the denser brush of the same region.

Species in the Transition Zone and Higher, moke nearly Related to the
Rocky Mountain Fauna to the Northward

SUMMER VISITANT

1.

Chordeiles v. henryi

8.

2.

Nuttallornis borealis

9.

3.

Zonotrichia 1. leucophrys

10.

4.

Zamelodia m. melanoccphala

11.

5.

Piranga ludoviciana

12.

6.

Tachycineta t. lepida

13.

7.

Lanivireo s. plumbeus

RESIDENT

1.

Dendragapus o. obscurus

15.

2.

Columba f. fasciata

16.

3.

Aquila chrysaetos

17.

4.

Strix o. huachucae

18.

5.

Cryptoglaux a. acadica

19.

6.

Glaucidium g. pinicola

20.

7.

Dryobates v. leucothorectis

21.

8.

Picoides a. dorsalis

22.

9.

Sphyrapicus thyroideus

23.

10.

Cyanocitta s. diademata

24.

11.

Perisoreus c. capitalis

25.

12.

Nucifraga columbiana

26.

13.

Hesperiphona v. montana

27.

14.

Carpodacus cassini

Vermivora virginiae
Dendroica a. auduboni
Dendroica gracise
Dendroica nigrescens
Wilsonia p. pileolata
Hylocichla g. auduboni

Loxia c. stricklandi
Spinus pinus
Pipilo m. montanus
Troglodytes a. parkmani
Certhia f. montana
Sitta canadensis
Sitta p. pygmaea
Penthestes g. gambeli
Regulus c. calendula
Myadestes townsendi
Planesticus m. propinquus
Sialia m. bairdi
Sialia currucoides

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 93

Species ix the Transition Zone and Higher, more nearly Related to the
Mexican Plateau Fauna to the Southward.

SUMMER VISITANT

1. Otus trichopsis 8. Myiochanes p. pallidiventris

2. Otus flammeolus 9. Empidonax f. pygmaeus

3. Trogon ambiguus 10. Piranga hepatica

4. Antrostomus v. macromystax 11. Dendroica a. nigrifrons

5. Eugenes fulgens 12. Setophaga picta

6. Cyanolaemus clemencia? 13. Cardellina rubrifrons

7. Myiodynastes luteiventris 14. Certhia f. albescens

RESIDENT

1. Cyrtonyx m. montezumae 4. Junco p. dorsalis

2. Meleagris g. merriami 5. Peucedramus olivaceus
.1 Junco p. palliatus 6. Penthestes sclateri

Dividing the sixty species occurring in the Transition zone and higher into
two groups we find that there are forty which are the same as, or closely related
to, species occurring to the northward, in the Rock}- Mountains or in the Sierra
Nevada of California, and twenty which ere the same as, or most closely related
to, Mexican forms.

Many of the first mentioned group find their southern limit in northern or
central Arizona, some extend to southern Arizona, and abor.t half the list occur
southward onto the plateau region of northern Mexico. A division of this group
into summer visitants and residents results in thirteen of the former and twenty-
seven of the latter. From these relative numhers it is evident that the birds of
the high mountains of northern and central Arizona are mostly species at the
southernmost extension of their range-, indicating, in fact, the southern limit of
the Rocky Mountain avifauna.

Now turning to the species of Mexican affinities we find conditions reversed,
in that of the twenty forms listed, fourteen are summer visitants, while only six
are resident. These birds, of tropical derivation, are here at their northernmost
limits, and but a small proportion of them can endure the winter climate of this
latitude. Of the fourteen summer visitants all but one extend only into the south-
ern half of Arizona, many of them but an extremely short distance north of the
southern boundarv of the state.

A great difference in the bird life of the higher zones of northern and
southern Arizona is that while in the former region a great part of the popula-
tion is resident, in the latter most of the species depart during the winter months.
The highest parts of the mountains of southern Arizona are noticeably deficient
of bird life in winter, and many of the birds seen at this time belong to species
nesting farther north in the state, which occur here in winter only.

In general it may be said of the avifauna of the high mountains of Arizona,
that the ranges of the northern part of the state are more nearly like the Rocky
Mountains to the northward, and the northern Sierra Nevada, while the southern
mountain chains bear a somewhat closer resemblance to the mountains of south-
ern California. In the northern and central parts of the state we find such species
as Dendragaptts obscurus, Picoides a. dorsalis, Perisoreirs c. capitalis, Zonotrichia

94 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

leucophrys and Hylocichla g. auduboni. While the distinctive feature of the
southern mountain chains is, of course, the strikingly large element of Mexican
species, many of them distinctly subtropical, such as Cyrtonyx m. meamsi, Dry-
obates arizonae, Peucedramus olivaceus, Cardellina rubrifrons, Trogon atnbi-
gutiSj and the numerous species of hummingbirds, there are besides these, many
others closely related to southern California forms. In this class may be men-
tioned Strix o. huachucae , Melanerpes f. aculeatus, Aimophila r. scotti, Pipilo f.
mesoleucus, J'ireo h. stephcnsi, Sitta pygmaea, and Baeolophus i. griseas. Of
these the Strix, Aimophila, and Vireo are of peculiar interest, for although but
slightly distinguished from their California relatives, the habitats of the Pacific
Coast and Arizona representatives are so widely separated that there is no possi-
bility of their joining at any point. These birds must be treated as subspecies
rather than species on the ground of the slight degree of difference between the
races, for they are resident wherever they occur, and from the manner in which
they are isolated in comparatively limited areas of Upper Sonoran and Transition
in the vast surrounding extent of Lower Sonoran desert, there is no possibility of
continuity of range with their closest allies.

To sum up, it thus appears that the bird life of the higher mountains of Ari-
zona is a rather curious composite, of more northern Rocky Mountain forms ex-
tending southward, and of the southern, Mexican plateau forms extending north-
ward, the two faunas meeting, and to a certain extent interdigitating. Added to
these are other species, probably of southern derivation, closely allied to Pacific
Coast races but entirely isolated from them. Somewhat similar conclusions were
reached by Mearns in a paper on the avifauna of the mountains of central Arizona
( 1890, pp. 45-50), but with an assumption of more continuous connection of the
Arizona mountains with the Sierras of central California than seems to exist.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

List of Publications Relating to Arizona Ornithology

The titles are arranged chronologically. Under each year the authors are
entered in alphabetical order, and the works of each listed chronologically in or-
der of publication. The brief explanatory notes appended aim to assist to a clear
idea of the scope and character of a book or paper when such is not apparent
from the title, and also to call attention to any point of particular interest in con-
nection with the present publication.

1843. Gambel, W. Descriptions of some new and rare Birds of the Rocky
Mountains and California. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1, 1843, PP-
259-262.

1853. Woodhouse, S. W. Report of an Expedition down the Zuni and Colorado
Rivers, by Captain L. Sitgreaves, Corps Topographical Engineers. Accom-
panied by Maps, Sketches, Views, and Illustrations. Washjngton : Robert
Armstrong, Public Printer. 1853. 8vo, pp. 1-198, JJ pis., map. > Birds.
By S. W. Woodhouse, M. D. Pp. 58-105, pis. I, III-VI.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 95

1854. Baird, S. F. Descriptions of New Birds collected between Albuquerque,
N. M., and San Francisco, California, during the Winter of 1853-54, by Dr.

C. B. R. Kennedy and H. B. Mollhausen, naturalists attached to the survey
of the Pacific R. R. Route, under Lt. A. W. Whipple. < Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., June, 1854, pp. 1 18-120.

Cypselus ( = Aeronautes) melanoleucus ; Culicivora ( = Polioptila) plumbea,
Psoltriu ( = Psaltriparus) plumbeus; Carpodacus cassini ; Zonotrichia fallax ( = Me-
lospisa melodia fallax); Pipilo mcsoleucus ; Ccnturns uropygialis; all described from
localities in Arizona.

1854. Heermann, A. L. Additions to North American Ornithology, with de-
scriptions of new species of the genera Actidurus, Podiceps and Podylymbus.
<Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., October. 1854, pp. 177-180.

1856. Kennedy, C. B. R. Pacific Railroad Reports, Vol. IV, 1856. Route near
the thirty-fifth parallel, explored by Lieutenant A. W. Whipple, topograph-
ical engineers, in 1853 and 1854. >Part VI. Report on the Zoology of the
Expedition. No. 1. Field Notes and Explanations. By C. B. R. Kennedy,
M. D., Physician and Naturalist to the Expedition. Pp. 1-1 7.

1858. Baird, S. F., Cassin, J., and Lawrence, G. N. Pacific Railroad Reports,
Vol. IX, 1858. Explorations and Surveys for a Railroad Route from the
Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. War Department. Birds: By Spen-
cer F. Baird. Assistant Secretary Smithsonian Institution. With the co-
operation of John Cassin and George N. Lawrence. Washington, D. C.
1858. Pp. i-lvi, 1-1005.

1859. Baird, S. F. Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey,
made under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, by William H.
Emory, Major First Cavalry and United States Commissioner. Vol. II.
Washington, 1859. > Part II, Zoology of the Boundary. >Birds of the
Boundary, by Spencer F. Baird. Pp. 1-32. 25 pis.

1859. Heermann, A. L. Pacific Railroad Reports, Vol X, 1859. > Route near
the thirty-second parallel, from the Rio Grande to the Pimas Villages, etc. >
No. 1. Report upon Birds collected on the Survey. By A. L. Heermann, M.

D. Pp. 9-20 -f 11, 3 pis.

1859. Kennedy, C. B. R. Pacific Railroad Reports, Vol. X, 1859. > Part VI.
Route near the thirty-fifth parallel, explored by Lieutenant A. VV. Whipple,
topographical engineers, in 1853 and 1854. > no. 3. Report on Birds col-
lected on the Route. Pp. 19-35, TI P's-

1 861. Baird, S. F. Report upon the Colorado River of the West, Explored in
1857 and 1858 by Lieutenant Joseph C. Ives, Corps of Topographical Engi-
neers, Under the Direction of the Office of Explorations and Surveys, A. A.
Humphreys, Captain Topographical Engineers, in Charge. By Order of the
Secretary of War. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1861. > V.
Zoology. By Professor S. F. Baird. Pp. 1-6. > List of Birds collected on
the Colorado Expedition Pp. 5-6.

% PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

1861. Cooper, J. G. New California Animals. <Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., II,
1861, pp. 118-123.

Includes original descriptions of Athene whitneyi and Helminthophaga luciae, both
from Fort Mohave. Arizona ; also notes on sixteen species of birds from Fort Mohave
and various localities in California.

1864-1866. Baird, S. F. Review of American Birds, in the Museum of the
Smithsonian Institution. Part i.=Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.
181. Pp. i-vi, 1-478, figs.

Contains the original description of Dendroica graciae, type from Fort Whipple,
Arizona.

1865a. Coues, E. Ornithology of a Prairie-Journey, and Notes on the Birds of
Arizona. < Ibis, 2d Series, I, 1865, pp. 157-165.

Running account of the birds seen on an overland journey from Washington, D. C,
to Fort Whipple, Arizona.

1865b. Coues, E. [Notes on birds observed at Fort Whipple, Arizona.] < Ibis,
2d Series, I, 1865, pp. 535-538.

Extracts from a letter written from Fort Whipple.

1866a. Coues, E. List of the birds of Fort Whipple, Arizona: with which are
incorporated all other species ascertained to inhabit the Territory; with brief
critical and field notes, descriptions of new species, etc. < Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., XVIII, 1866, pp. 39-100.

One of the most important publications relating to Arizona ornithology. Two
hundred and forty-four species are listed, but this includes several now known not to
occur in the state (Nauclerus furcatus, Ictinia mississippiensis, Certhiola flaveoia
and others) ; while in some cases several names numbered separately are now-
known to refer to one species (Buteo swainsoni, B. oxypterus, and B. insignatus ;
Sphyrapicus williamsoni and 5*. thyroidens, etc.).

Contains the original descriptions of Virco plumbeus ( = Lamvireo solitarius
plumbeus) , and of Vireo vicinior, both from Fort Whipple.

1866b. Coues, E. Field Notes on Lophortyx gambeli. <Ibis, 2d Series, II,
1866. pp. 46-55.
Habits, etc., as observed at Fort Whipple, Arizona.

t866c. Coues, E. From Arizona to the Pacific. <Ibis, 2d Series, II, 1866, pp.

259-275-

Remarks on the species of birds seen on a journey from Fort Whipple, Arizona, to
Fort Mohave, down the Colorado River to Fort Yuma and back to Fort Mohave, then
across the desert to the coast of California at San Pedro. Extremely interesting notes
on many (at the time) rare and little known birds — Crissal and Leconte thrashers, and
many others.

1868. Coues, E. List of Birds collected in Southern Arizona by Dr. E. Palmer;
with remarks. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, pp. 81-85.

Fifty-six species from the vicinity of Fort Grant, about sixty miles east of Tucson.

1869. Cooper, J. G. The Naturalist in California. < American Naturalist, III,
1869, pp. 470-481.

Observations made at Fort Mohave.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 97

1870. Cooper, J. G. Geological Survey of California. J. D. Whitney, State
Geologist. Ornithology. Volume I. Land Birds. Edited by S. F. Baird,
from the Manuscript and Notes of J. G. Cooper. Published by Authority of
the Legislature. Pp. i-xi, 1-592, many figs.

Many observations from the vicinity of Fort Mohave, Arizona.

1871. Coues, E. The Long-crested Jay. < American Naturalist, V, 1871, pp.
770-775, 1 fig.

Life history and habits as observed in northern Arizona.

1872a. Coues, E. A New Bird to the United States. < American Naturalist,

VI, 1872, p. 370.

Glcutcidium ferrugineum ( = Glaucidium pJialocnoidcs) taken near Tucson.

1872b. Coues, E. The Nest. Eggs, and Breeding Habits of Harporhynchus cris-
salis. < American Naturalist, VI, 1872, pp. 370-371.
Near Tucson.

1872c. Coues, E. Nest and Eggs of Helminthophaga Luciae. < American
Naturalist, VI, 1872, p. 493.

Nest and eggs, supposed to be of this species, from the vicinity of Tucson.

i872d. Coues, E. Occurrence of Couch's Flycatcher in the United States.
< American Naturalist, VI, 1872, p. 493.

1872c Coues, E. Observations on Picicorvus columbianus. < [bis, 1872, pp.
52-59-

i872f. Coues, E. Key to North American Birds, Containing a Concise Account
of Every Species of Living anTl Fossil Bird at Present Known from the Con-
tinent North of the Mexican and United States Boundary. Illustrated by 6
vSteel Plates and Upwards of 250 Woodcuts. Salem : Naturalists' Agency.
New York: Dodd and Mead. Boston: Estes and Lauriat. 1872. Pp. 4,
1 -361, pis. I-VL figs. 1-238.

Contains original descriptions of Spizclla socialis var. arizonae, type from Fort
Whipple, Arizona, and Harporhynchus curvirostris var. palmeri, type from Tucson,
Arizona.

1872. Ridgway, R. On the Occurrence of Setophaga picta in Arizona. < Am-
erican Naturalist, VI. 1872, p. 436.

Near Tucson.

1873. Bendire. C. Nest, Eggs and Breeding Habits of the Vermilion Fly-
catcher (Pyroccphalns rubineus var. Mexicanus). < American Naturalist,

VII, 1873, pp. 170-171.

As observed in southern Arizona.

1873. Brewer, T. M. Description of some Nests and Eggs of Arizona Birds.
<Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1873, pp. 106-111.
From specimens collected by Lieut. C. Bendire near Tucson.

98 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

1873. Coues, E. Some United States Birds, New to Science, and other things

Ornithological. < American Naturalist, VII, 1873, pp. 321-331, figs. 65-

70.

Original descriptions of Peucaea carpalis and Harporhynchus bendirci, taken- near
Tucson.

1874. Coues, E. Birds of the Northwest: A Hand-book of the Ornithology of
the Region Drained by the Missouri River and its Tributaries. ^Miscel-
laneous Publications No. 3. U. S. Geol. Surv. of the Terr. Washington : 1874,
8vo, pp. i-xi, 1-791.

1874. Henshaw, H. \V. On a Hummingbird new to our Fauna, with certain
other facts ornithological. < American Naturalist, VIII, 1874, pp. 241-243.

Eugenes fulgens taken at Camp Grant ; Centronyx Bairdi found abundantly in
southern Arizona in the fall.

1874. Yarrow, H. C, and Henshaw, H. W. Report upon Ornithological Speci-
mens collected in the years 1871, 1872, and 1873. < Geog. Surv. West 100th
Merid. by George M. Wheeler, 1874, pp. 1-148.

1874. Ridgway, R. Two Rare Owls from Arizona. < American Naturalist,
VII, 1874, pp. 239-240.

Syrnium Occident ale ( = Strix occidentalis huachucae), the second known speci-
men, and Micrathene whitneyi ( = Micropallas whitneyi), the fourth known specimen.

1875a. Henshaw, H. W. Annual Report Geol. Surv. West 100th Merid. by
George M. Wheeler. — Appendix LL of the Annual Report Chief of En-
gineers for 1875. 8vo., pp. i-iv, 1-196, pis. I-IX, maps, figs. > App. Ii, I2,
pp. 139-166. > "Notes upon the ornithology of the regions traversed", pp.
149-150; "'Annotated list of the birds of Arizona'', pp. 153-166.

The list of the birds includes 294 species (erroneously numbered 291). Of these
twelve are now considered not to occur in Arizona, leaving 282 species, as compared
with 362 now accredited to the state.

1875b. Henshaw, H. W. Report upon the Ornithological Collections made in
portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona,
during the years 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. —Rep. Geog. Surv. West
100th Merid. by George M. Wheeler, 1875, vol. V, chapter III, pp. 120, 131-

507, 977-989. Pls- !-xv-
1877. Lawrence, G. N. Note on Doricha enicura (I'icili). < Bull. Nuttall
Orn. Club, II, 1877, pp. 108-109.

The specimen of hummingbird from Arizona recorded by Henshaw (1875a, p. 162)
as Doricha enicura proves to be a female of Calothorax lucifer.

1877. Sharpe, R. B. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the
Collection of the British Museum. Coliomorphae, Containing the Families
Corvidae, Paradiseidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, and Prionopidae. =Cat.
Birds, III, 1877, pp. i-xiii, 1-343, pis. I-X1Y, many figs, in text.

1878. Brewer, T. M. Notes on Junco caniceps and the Closely Allied Forms.
< Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, III, 1878, pp. 72-ys.

Contains descriptions of the eggs of Junco cinereus ( — Junco phaeonotus palliatus)
and Junco dorsalis ( = Junco phaeonotus dorsalis) from Arizona.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 99

1878. Coues, E. Birds of the Colorado Valley. A repository of Scientific and
Popular Information concerning North American Ornithology. = Miscel-
laneous Publications No. 11. U. S. Geol. Surv. of the Terr. Washington, 1878.
8vo., pp. i-xvi, 1-807, 66 figs, in text.

1878. Stephens, F. Notes on a few Birds observed in New Mexico and Arizona
in 1876. < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, III, 1878, pp. 92-94.

Observations on twenty species, generally without exact localities given. Mr. Stephens
has informed me that the region covered was in the vicinity of Fort Bayard, New
Mexico, and in southeastern Arizona (Fort Bowie, San Pedro River, and Tucson).

1879a. Brewer, T. M. The Cow-Blackbird of Texas and Arizona (Molothrus
obscurus). < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, IV, 1879, P- I23-
Regarding the size of the eggs.

1879b. Brewer, T. M. Notes on the Nests and Eggs of the Eight North Am-
erican Species of Empidonaces. < Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., II, 1879, PP-
1 -10.

E. obscurus from Arizona, but the identification is questionable.

1881a. Brewster, W. Notes on Some Birds from Arizona and New Mexico,
with a Description of a Supposed New Whip-poor-will. < Bull. Nuttall
Orn. Club, VI, 1881, pp. 65-73.
Seventeen species mentioned.

1 88 ib. Brewster, WT. On the Affinities of Certain Polioptilae, with a Descrip-
tion of a New Species. < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VI, 1881, pp. 101-107.

Polioptila phtmbca and P. melanura shown to be the same species, while the Cali-
fornia bird is described under the name of Polioptila calif ornica.

j88ic. Brewster, W. Additions to the Avi-fauna of the United States. < Bull.
Nuttall Orn. Club, VI, 1881, p. 252.

Parus meridionalis ( — Penthestes sclateri) from the Chiricahua Mountains;
Myiarchus cooperi ( = Myiarchus magister magister) from Fort Lowell ; and Myi-
archus lawrencei ( = M. I. olivascens) from the Santa Rita Mountains.

1 881. Bryant, W. E. Nest and Eggs of the Painted Flycatcher (Setophaga
picta). < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VI, 1881, pp. 176-177.

Descriptions of nests and eggs taken by Mr. Herbert Brown in the Santa Rita
Mountains in June, 1880.

1881a. Coues, E. A Curious Colaptes. < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VI, 1881,

P- 183.
r88ib. Coues, E. Probable Occurrence of Sarcorhamphus papa in Arizona.

< Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VI, 1881, p. 248.

A pair of birds supposed to be of this species, killed on the Verde River, but not
preserved.

1881a. Holterhoff, E.. Jr. A Collector's Notes on the Breeding of a Few West-
ern Birds. < American Naturalist, XV, 1881, pp. 208-219.

Accounts of several species from Tucson, and westward to Los Angeles.

1881b. Holterhoff, G. Verdin or Yellow Headed Titmouse. (Paroides flavi-
ceps (Baird)). < Ornithologist and Oologist, VI, 1881, p. 2j.

Breeding habits, as observed on the Colorado River, and at Tucson, Arizona.

loo PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

[881. Wood, W. California Pigmy Owl (Glaucidium gnoma). < Ornithol-
ogist and Oologist. VI, 1881, pp. 33-35. 47-48.

1882a. Iiendire, ('. E. American Long-eared Owl. < Ornithologist and Oolo-
gist, VI, 1882, pp. 81-82.

Mention of its occurrence in winter on Rillito Creek, near Tucson, Arizona.

r882h. Bendire, C. E. Mexican Goshawk. < Ornithologist and Oologist. VI,
1882, pp. 87-88.

An interesting' account of the breeding- habits of the Mexican Goshawk, Asturina
uitida plagiata ( = Asturina plagiata), as observed in southern Arizona (Santa Cruz
River, San Pedro River, Rillito Creek).

1882c. Bendire, C. E. Whitney Owl. < Ornithologist and Oologist, VI,
1882, pp. 94-96.

Observations on Micrathene ( — Micropallas) whitiieyi as observed on Rillito Creek,
Arizona.

i882d. Bendire, C. E. The Spotted Owl. < Ornithologist and Oologist, VII,
1882, p. 99.

Notes on two birds and an egg taken near Tucson in 1872.

1882c Bendire. C. E. The Rufous-winged Sparrow. < Ornithologist and
Oologist, VII, 1882, pp. 121-122.

An account of the habits of Pencaca ( — Aimophila) carpalis, as observed in the
vicinity of Tucson and Camp Lowell, Arizona.

1882-83. Brewster, W. On a Collection of Birds Lately Made by Mr. E.
Stephens in Arizona. < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VII, 1882, pp. 65-86, 135-
147, 193-212: VIII, 1883, pp. 21-36.

1882. Brewster, W. Nest and Eggs of Setophaga picta — a Correction. < Bull.
Nuttall Orn. Club. VII, 1882, p. 249.

1882. Cones, E. Nesting of the White-bellied Wren (Thryothorus bewicki
Icitcogastcr). < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VII, 1882, pp. 52-53.
In northwestern Arizona.

1882. Evermann. B. W. Black-Crested Flycatcher. < Ornithologist and Oolo-
gist, VII, 1882, pp. 169-170, 177-179.

Phainopepla nitens as observed in southern California. Quotes from a letter of
Capt. Bendire in regard to the species as observed in Arizona.

1882a. Ridgway, R. List of Additions to the Catalogue of North American
Birds. <Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VII, 1882, pp. 257-258.

1882b. Ridgway, R. Critical Remarks on the Tree-creepers (Certhia) of
Europe and North America. < Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., V, 1882. pp. 111-
116.

Contains original description of Certhia familiaris montana, type from Camp Apache.
Arizona.

1884. Ad.ios. Some Arizona Quails. < Forest and Stream. XXII. 1884, p. 103.
1884. LRrown, H.l Ortyx virginianus in Arizona. < Forest and Stream.

XXII. 1884, p. 104.

Announcement of the capture of "a pair of genuine Bob White quail .... in

the Barboquiviri range, about sixty miles southwest of Tuscon" ( = Tucson).

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA KH

1884. Grinnell, G. B. A Quail new to the United States Fauna. < Forest and
Stream, XXII, 1884, p. 243.

Imperfect specimens collected by Herbert Brown ("An almost complete skin of z
female bird, and portions of the wing, breast and tail of a male") identified by Ridg-
way as Orty.v graysoni.

1884a. Ridgway, R. Orty.v zrirgini'anus not in Arizona. < Forest and Stream,
XXII, 1W-1 p. 124.

Refers to the note published in the preceding number of the same paper (sec
Brown, 1884 p. 104). The bird is presumed to be Cyrtonyx massena, or else "one of
the Mexican species of Orty.v (perhaps O. Graysoni).''

1884b. Ridgway, R. Descriptions of Some New North American Birds.

< Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.. II, 1884, pp. 89-95.

Includes original descriptions of Myiarchus mexicanus magister and Myiarchus
lawrencei olivascens.

1884c. Ridgway, R. Remarks on the Type Specimens of Muscicapa fulvifrons,
Giraud, and Mitrephorus pallescens. Cones. < Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., II.
1884, PP- 1 08- 1 10.

1885a. Brewster, W. Preliminary Notes on Some Birds Obtained in Arizona by
Mr. F. Stephens in 1884. < Auk. II, 1885. pp. 84-85.

1885b. Brewster, W. Additional Notes on Some Birds Collected in Arizona
and the Adjoining Province of Sonora, Mexico, by Mr. F. Stephens in 1884:
with a Description of a New Species of Ortyx. < Auk, II, T885, pp. 196-
200.

Xotes on nineteen species; contains the original description of Colinus ridgwayi.

1885a. Brown. H. Peculiar Eggs of Scops Trichopsis. < Ornithologist and
Oologist, X, 1885. P- CX>-

Description of a set of blotched eggs of Scops trichopsis ( = Otits asio g'ilmani) ;
considered as possibly the result of hybridism between that species and Falco spar-
verius!

1885b. Brown, H. Arizona Bird Notes. < Forest and Stream, XXIV, 1885,

P- 36/.
1885c. Brown, H. Arizona Quail Notes. < Forest and Stream, XXV, 1885.

P- 445-

De.als chiefly with Colinus ridgwayi, now considered as the bird previously identi
tied by Ridgway as Ortyx graysoni. Detailed account of habits, distribution, etc.

1885a. Ridgway, R. Icterus cucullatus, Swainson, and its Geographical Varia-
tions. < Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus.. VIII. 1885, pp. 18-19.

Contains the original description of Icterus cucullatus nelsoni, type locality Tucson,
Arizona.

1885b. Ridgway. R. Some Emended Names of North American Birds.

< Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., VIII, 1885, pp. 354-356.

1885c. Ridgway. R. Description of a New Cardinal Grosbeak from Arizona.

< Auk, II, 1885, pp. 343-345-

Cardinalis cardinalis supcrbus, new subspecies, type locality near Fort Lowell.

102 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

1885(1. Ridgway, R. On Junco cinereus (Swains.) and its Geographical Races.

< Auk, II, 1885, PP- 363-364-

1885a. Scott, W. E. D. On the Breeding Habits of Some Arizona Birds. First
Paper. Icterus parisorum. < Auk, II, 1885, pp. 1-7. Second Paper. Ic-
terus cucnllatiis. Pp. 159-165. Third Paper. Phainopepla nitens. Pp. 242-
246. Fourth Paper. Virco vicinior. Pp. 321-326.

As observed in the vicinity of Tucson and in the Santa Catalina Mountains.

1885b. Scott, W. E. D. Winter Mountain Notes from Southern Arizona.

< Auk, II. 1885, pp. 172-174.

Running account of the birds seen at the summit of the Santa Catalina Mountains,
November 26 to 29, 1884.

1885c. Scott, W. E. D. Early Spring Notes from the Mountains of Southern
Arizona. < Auk, II, 1885, pp. 348-356.

Birds seen in the Santa Catalina Mountains, April 19 to 24, 1885.

T885d. Scott, W. E. D. A Mule Bird. < Forest and Stream. XXIII. 1885, p.
484.

Hybrid between Colaptes cafer collaris and Colaptcs chrysoides mearnsi. (Origin-
ally published in the "Arizona Daily Star", Tucson, Dec. 16, 1884.)

1885. Sharpe, R. B. Catalogue of the Passeriformes. or Perching Birds, in the
Collection of the British Museum. Fringilliformes : Part 1. Containing the
Families Dicaeidae. Hirundinidae, Ampelidae, Mniotiltidae, and Motacillidae.
=Cat. Birds. X, 1885, pp. i-xiii. 1-682. pis. I-XII, figs.

1885. Stephens, F. Notes on an Ornithological Trip in Arizona and Sonora.

< Auk, II, 1885, pp. 225-231.

Running account of birds seen in the valley of the Santa Cruz River, from Tuc-
son southward, in August, 1884.

T886a. Allen, J. A. The Masked Bob-white (Colinus ridgwayi) of Arizona, and
its Allies. < Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., I, 1886, pp. 273-290, 1 pi.
Complete history of the species up to date. Habits, distribution, bibliography, elc.

t886b. Allen, J. A. The Masked Bob-white (Colinus ridgwayi) in Arizona.

< Auk. III. 1886. pp. 275-276.

Thirteen specimens from Barboquiviri Mountain.

1886c. Allen. J. A. The Type Specimen of Colinus ridgwayi. < Auk, III, 1886.
p. 483.

A brief note stating that the type is in the collection of G. F. Morcom.

1886. Hargitt, E. Notes on Woodpeckers. On a new Species from Arizona.

< Ibis, t886. pp. 112-115.

Contains the original description of Picus anzonac ( = Dryobates arisonae), type
from the Santa Rita Mountains.

i886a. Mearns. E. A. Some Birds of Arizona. < Auk. III. 1886, pp. 60-73.
Buteo abbreviatus and Urubitinga anthracina breeding in central Arizona. Descrip-
tions of adults and young, habits, etc.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 103

1886b. Mearns, E. A. Some Birds of Arizona. < Auk, III, i886, pp. 289-307.
Crissal and Leconte thrashers, as observed in Arizona.

1886. Parker, H. G. Nest and eggs of the Plumbeous Gnatcatcher. < Orni-
thologist and Oologist, XI, April, t886, p. 54.
Polioptila plumbca breeding in Pinal County, Arizona.

[886. Ridgway, R. Arizona Quail. < Forest and Stream, XXV, 1886, p. 484.

Mr. Ridgway does not think "that Mr. Brown has demonstrated the specific identity
of Colinus ridgwayi Brewst. and the pair of birds T identified as Ortyx (now Colinus)
graysoni Lawr."

1886. Sclater. P. L. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the
Collection of the British Museum. Fringilliformes : Part II. Containing the
Families Coerebidae, Tanagridae, and Icteridae. = Cat. Birds, XT, 188G,
pp. i-xvii. 1-431, pis. I-XVTII, many figs.

[886. Scott, W. E. D. On the Breeding Habits of Some Arizona Birds. < Auk,

III, 1886, pp. 81-86.

Aphelocoma sieberii arizonae, Peucaea ruHceps boucardi ( = Aimophila ruHceps
scotti), and Lophophanes wollweberi ( = Baeolophus wollweberi) in the Santa Catalin,-;
Mountains.

[886-1888. Scott, W. E. D. On the Avi-Fauna of Pinal County, with Remarks
on Some Birds of Pima and Gila Counties, Arizona. With annotations by
J. A. Allen. < Auk, III, 1886, pp. 249-258, 383-389. 421-432; IV, 1887,
pp. 16-24, 196-205; V. 1888, pp. 29-36, 159-168.

Two hundred and forty-six species listed, with extensive annotations.

1887. Allen, J. A. A Further Xote on Colinus ridgwayi. < Auk, IV, 1887.
PP- 74-75-

1887. Bendire, C. E. Notes on a Collection of Birds' Nests and Eggs from
Southern Arizona Territory. < Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., X. 1887, pp.
551-558.

1887a. Brewster, W. Three Xew Forms of North American Birds. < Auk.

IV, 1887, pp. 145-149.

Contains the original description of Phalaenoptilus nuttalli nitidus; Arizona ex-
amples mentioned.

1887b. Brewster, W. Further Notes on the Masked Bob-white (Colinus ridg-
zvayi). < Auk, IV, 1887, pp. 159-160.

Found commonly in northern Sonora, Mexico. Habits, etc.

1887. Brown. H. Arizona Bird Notes. < Forest and Stream, XXVII. 18.87,
p. 464.

1887. Morcom, G. F. Notes on the Birds of Southern California and South-
western Arizona. < Ridgway Orn. Club, Bull. No. 2. 1887, pp. 36-57.
The Arizona observations are of a few species from the vicinity of Yuma.

1887. Parker, H. G. Notes on the Eggs of the Thrushes and Thrashers.
< Ornithologist and Oologist, XII, 1887. pp. 69-73.
Includes descriptions of some Arizona specimens.

104 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

1887a. Ridgway. R. The Coppery-tailed Trogon (Trogon ambiguits) breeding
in Southern Arizona. < Auk, IV, 1887, pp. 161-162.
In the Huachuca Mountains.

1887b. Ridgway, R. Trogon ambiguus breeding in Arizona. < Proc. U. S.
Nation. Mus., X, 1887, p. 147.
In the Huachuca Mountains.

1887c. Ridgway, R. Description of a new Psaltriparus from Southern Arizona.
< Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., X, 1887, p. 697.

Psaltriparus santaritae, type locality Santa Rita Mountains ( = Psaltriparus
plumbcus in juvenal plumage).

Bendire, C. E. Notes en the Habits, Nests and Eggs of the Genus Glau-
cidium Boie. < Auk, V, 1888, pp. 366-372.

Including an account of G phaloenoides, as observed in southern Arizona.

Brown, H. Ionornis martinica in Arizona. < Auk, V, 1888, p. 109.
One specimen, Tucson, October 20, 1887.

T888b. Brown, H. On the Nesting of Palmer's Thrasher. < Auk, V, 1888,
pp. 1 16- 1 18.

In southern Arizona.

T888a. Price, W. W. Nesting of the Red-faced Warbler (Cardellina rubrifrons)
in the Huachuca Mountains, Southern Arizona. < Auk, V, 1888, pp. 385-
386.

1888b. Price, W. W. Xantus's Becard (Platyp saris albiventris) in the Huachuca
Mountains, Southern Arizona. < Auk. V, 1888, p. 425.

One specimen, an adult male, June 20, 1888.

Sharpe, R. B. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the
Collection of the British Museum. Fringilliformes : Part III. Containing
the Family Fringillidae. = Cat. Birds XII, 1888, pp. i-xv, 1-871, pis. I-
XVI, many figs.

Sennett, G. B. Notes on the Peucaea ruficeps Group, with Description
of a New Subspecies. < Auk, Y. 1888, pp. 40-42.

Peucaea ruficeps scottii, new subspecies, described from Pinal County, Arizona.

1888a. Swinburne. J. Breeding of the Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes ves-
pertine.) in the White Mountains of Arizona. < Auk, V, 1888, pp. 113-114.

1888b. Swinburne, j. Occurrence of the Chestnut-collared Longspur (Cal-
carius ornatus) and also of Maccown's Longspur ( Rhyncophanes maccownii)
in Apache Co., Arizona. < Auk, V, 1888, pp. 321-322.

18P9. Allen, J. A. Note on the First Plumage of Colinus ridgwayi. < Auk,
VI, 1889, P- l89-

Description of a young male taken at Tubal (70 miles soutb of Tucson), October
10, 1888.

T889. Coues. E. I A New Generic Name for the Elf Owl.] < Auk, VI, 1889,
p. 71.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 105

[889a. \"[orris|.. J. P. A Series of Eggs of Bendire's Thrasher. < Ornitholo-
gist and Oologist, XIV, 1889, pp. 23-25.

Detailed descriptions of twenty-nine nests and sets of eggs, all from southern
Arizona (Pima and Pinal counties).

[889b. N[orris]., J. P. Eggs of the Mexican Ground Dove. < Ornithologist
and Oologist, XIV, 1889, pp. 59-60.
Taken near Tucson.

[890. Bendire, C. E. Xotes on Pipilo fuscus mesoleucus and Pipilo aberti, their
Habits, Nests and Eggs. < Auk, VII, 1890, pp. 22-29.

1890. Brewster, W. A New Subspecies of the Solitary Sandpiper. < Auk.
VII, 1890, pp. 3,77-3,79-

1890. Dwight, J., Jr. The Horned Larks of North America. < Auk, VII,
1890, pp. 138-158, I pi.

Contains the original description of Otocoris alpestris adusta, type locality Fort
Huachuca, Arizona.

1890. Hargitt, E. Catalogue of the Picariae in the Collection of the British
Museum. Scansores, containing the Family Picidae. = Cat. Birds, XVIII,
1890, pp. i-xv. 1-507, pis. I-XV. many figs.

1890a. Mearns, E. A. Observations on the Avifauna of Portions of Arizona.
< Auk, VII, i8qo. pp. 45-55, 251-264.

Annotated list of species from the high mountains of central Arizona.

1890b. Mearns, E. A. Descriptions of a New Species and Three New Sub-
species of Birds from Arizona. < Auk, VII, 1890, pp. 243-251.

Juiico ridgwayi, type locality Fort Whipple, Spinas tristis pallidas, Fort Verde, and
Melanerpes formicivorus aculeatus, Squaw Peak, central Arizona.

1890. Merriam, C. IT. Annotated List of Birds of the San Francisco Moun-
tain Plateau and the Desert of the Little Colorado River, Arizona. < North
American Fauna No. 3, 1890, pp. 87-101.

Birds observed at the Grand Canyon of the Colorado are listed on pp. 38-41.

1890. N [orris]. J. P. A Series of Eggs of Palmer's Thrasher. < Ornitholo-
gist and Oologist, XV, 1890, pp. 154-156.

Descriptions of twenty-one nests and sets of eggs, all from the vicinity of Tucson,
Arizona.

[890a. Poling, O. C. The Presence of McCown's and the Chestnut-collared
Longspur in Southern Arizona, Near the Mexican Border. < Ornithologist
and Oologist, XV, 1890, p. 71.

At Fort Huachuca during February and March.

1890b. Poling, O. C. Nesting of the Arizona Jay. < Ornithologist and
Oologist, XV, 1890, p. 138.

In the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.

i8(joc. Poling, O. C. On the Nesting Habits and Eggs of the Vermilion Fly-
catcher. < Ornithologist arid Oologist, XV, 1890, p. 140.
As observed at Fort Huachuca. Arizona.

106 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

i8god. Poling, O. C. Notes on Eugenes fulgens. < Auk, VII, 1890, pp. 402-
403-

As observed in the Huachuca Mountains.

1890. Sharpe, R. B. Catalogue of the Passerifonnes, or Perching Birds, in the
Collection of the British Museum. Sturniformes, Containing the Families
Artamidae. Sturnidae, Ploceidae, Alaudidae. Also the Families Atrichiidae
and Menuridae. = Cat. Birds. XIII, 1890, pp. i-xvi, 1-701, pis. I -XV, many
figs.

1890. White, H. G. Geographical Variation of Eggs. < Ornithologist and
Oologist, XV, 1890, pp. 1-4.

Descriptions of several sets of eggs from points in Arizona.

1891. Anthony, A. W. Notes on the Cactus Wren. < Zoe, II, 1891, pp. 133-

134-

Comparison of nesting habits in southern California and in New Mexico and Arizona.

1 891. Ladd, S. B. Description of the Nests and Eggs of Dendroica graciae
and Contopus pertinax. < Auk, VIII, 1891, pp. 314-315.
From Yavapai County, Arizona.
1891. Poling, O. C. Groove-billed Ani {Crotophaga sulcirostris) in Arizona.
< Auk, VIII, 1891, pp. 313-314-

A specimen taken in the Huacbuca Mountains in May, 1888.

1891. Sclater, P. L-, and Shelley, G. E. Catalogue of the Picariae in the Col-
lection of the British Museum. Scan sores and Coccyges, Containing the
Families Rhamphastidae. Galbulidae, and Bucconidae, by P. L. Sclater, and
the Families Indicatoridae. Capitonidae, Cuculidae, and Musophagidae, by G.
E. Shelley. = Cat. Birds. XIX. 189T. pp. i-xii. r-484, pis. I-XIII.

1892. Bendire, C. Life Histories of North American Birds with special refer-
ence to Their Breeding Habits and Eggs, with Twelve Lithographic Plates.
— - Special Bulletin No. 1, U. S. Nation. Mrs. Washington: 1892. Pp. i-viii,
1-446.

T892. Brown, H. The Habits and Nesting of Palmer's Thrasher. {Har po-
rky nchus enrvirostris palmeri.) < Zoe, III, 1892, pp. 243-248.

1892a. Coues, E. Wintering of the Canvasback in Arizona. <Auk, IX, 1892,
p. 198.

On the Verde River near Fort Whipple.

1892b. Coues. E. Nesting of the Golden Eagle in Arizona. < Auk. IX, 1892,
p. 201.

Near Prescott.

1892. Fisher, A. K. Myiarchus nuttingi in Arizona. < Auk, IX, 1892, p. 394.
The birds here recorded as Myiarchus nuttingi eventually proved to be females of
M. cinerascens (see Nelson, 1904).

i8p2. Hartert, E. [See Salvin and Hartert.|

1914 RIRDS OF ARIZONA 107

1892. Mearns, E. A. A Study of the Sparrow Hawks (Subgenus Tinnunculus)
of America, with Especial Reference to the Continental Species (Falco
spa/rverius Linn.) < Auk, IX, T892, pp. 252-270.

Contains the original description of Falco sparverius deserticolus, type locality Fort
Verde, Arizona.

1892. Pember, F. T. Collecting in the Gila Valley. < Wilson Quarterly, IV.
pp. 1-9, 49-54.

A narrative account of the birds in the vicinity of Gila Bend, of considerable in
terest, though unfortunately none but the English names of birds are used. Of
especial note is the description of the nesting of the Mexican Goshawk, this being the
westernmost record of the species in Arizona.

1892. Rhoads, S. N. The Birds of Southeastern Texas and .Southern Arizona
Observed during May. June, and July. 1891. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
T892, pp. 99-126.

Arizona localities visited were Tucson, Santa Catalina Mountains, ''Santa Clara
River" ( = Santa Cruz River ?). and Oracle.

1892. Salvin. O.. and Hartert, E. Catalogue of the Picariae in the Collection
of the British Museum. Upupae and Trochili by Osbert Salvin. Coraciae,
of the Families Cypselidae, Caprimulgidae, Podargidae. and Steatornithidae,
by Ernst Hartert. = Cat. Birds. XVI. 1892, pp. i-xvi, 1-703, pis. I-XIV.

1893. Allen, J. A. List of Mammals and Birds collected in Northeastern So-
nora and Northwestern Chihuahua. Mexico, on the Lumholtz Archaeological
Expedition. 1890-92. < Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., V, 1893, pp. 27-42.

Some specimens collected near Bisbee, Arizona.

1893a. Fisher, A. K. The Hawks and Owls of the United States in their Rela-
tion to Agriculture. = LT. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Orn. and Mam.. Bull. No.
3, pp. 1-210, pis. 1-26.

1893b. Fisher, A. K. Report on the Ornithology of the Death Valley Expedi-
tion of 1891, comprising Notes on the Birds Observed in Southern California.
Southern Nevada, and Parts of Arizona and Utah. < North American
Fauna No. 7, 1893, pp. 7-158.

Contains notes on species seen in extreme northwestern Arizona.

1893. Hasbrouck, E. M. The Geographical Distribution of the Genus Mega-
scops in North America. < Auk. X. 1891. pp. 250-264. pi. VI, a, b (distri-
bution maps).

1893. Ogilvie-Grant, W. R. Catalogue of the Game Birds (Pterocletes, Gal-
linae, Opisthocomi, Hemipodii) in the Collection of the British Museum.
= Cat. Birds, XXII, 1893. pp. i-xvi. 1-585, pis. I-VIII.

T893. Salvadori, T. Catalogue of the Columbae. or Pigeons, in the Collection
of the British Museum. = Cat. Birds. XXI. 1893. pp. i-xvii, 1-676, pis,
I-XV.

1894. Coale, H. K. Ornithological Notes on a Flying Trip Through Kansas,
New Mexico, Arizona and Texas. < Auk, XI. 1894, pp. 215-222.

Includes brief notes on the birds seen at Forts Verde, Whipple. Mohave, Lowell,
Huachuca. Grant, and Thomas, and at San Carlos.

108 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

1894. Fisher, A. K. The Capture of Basilinna leucotis in Southern Arizona.

< Auk, XI, 1894, pp. 325-326.

One specimen taken in the Chiricahua Mountains, June 9, 1894. The first record
for the United States.

1894. Ridgway, R. On Geographical Variation in Sialia mexicana Swainson.

< Auk, XI, 1894, pp. 145-160.

Contains the original description of Sialia mexicana bairdi, type locality "Camp 110,
New Mexico" ( = Cactus Pass, near Kingman, Arizona).

1895. Bendire, C. Life Histories of North American Birds, from the Parrots
to the Crackles, with special reference to Their Breeding Habits and Eggs.
With Seven Lithographic Plates. Special Bulletin No. 3, U. S. Nat. Mus,
Washington: 1895, pp. i-ix, 1-518.

1895. Mearns, E. A. Description of a New Heron {Ardea zircscens anthonyi)
from the Arid Region of the Interior of North America. < Auk, XII. 1895,
pp. 257-259.

1895. Merriam, C. H. The Leconte Thrasher, Harporhynchus lecontci. < Auk,
XII, 1895, pp. 54-60, 1 pi., 1 fig.
Distribution, breeding habits, etc.

1895. Price, W. W. The Nest and Eggs of the Olive Warbler. {Dendroico

olivacea). < Auk, XII, 1895, pp. 17-19.

General account of the species as observed in Arizona. Breeding habits, nest and
eggs, distribution, etc.

1895. Ridgway, R. On the Correct Subspecific Names of the Texan and Mexi-
can Screech Owls. < Auk, XII, 1895, pp. 389-390.

1896. Saunders, H., and Salvin, O. Catalogue of the Gaviae and Tubinares in
the Collection of the British Museum. Gaviae (Terns, Gulls, and Skuas) by
Howard Saunders. Tubinares (Petrels and Albatrosses) by Osbert Salvin.
= Cat. Birds, XXV. 1896, pp. i-xv, 1-475, pis. I- VIII, figs.

1896. Sharpe, R. B. Catalogue of the Limicolae in the Collection of the Brit-
ish Museum. = Cat. Birds, XXIV, 1896, pp. i-xii, 1-794, pis. I-VII, many
figs.

1897a. Breninger, G. F. A roosting method of the Inca dove. < Osprey. I.
. 1897, P- "I-

At Phoenix, Arizona.

1897b.. Breninger, G. F. An unusual nesting site. < Osprey, I, 1897, p 122.

Six eggs of the Gambei quail "deposited in a hollow of a Mesquite tree, several
feet from the ground, and probably eighteen inches from the opening of the cavity".

1897c. Breninger, G. F. An albino green-tailed towhee. < Osprey. I, 1897, p.

137-

At Phoenix, Arizona.

i897d. Breninger, G. F. Coues Flycatcher. < Osprey, II, 1897, p. 12.
In the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 109

1897c Breninger, G. F. Nocturnal Flights of the Turkey Vulture. < Osprey,
II, 1897, pp. 54-55.

A roost at San Andreas Canyon, thirty miles southwest of Tucson.

1898a. Breninger, G. F. Barn Swallows in southern Arizona. < Osprev, 11,

1898, p. 117.

Breeding at Elgin, Santa Cruz County, Arizona.

1898b. Breninger, G. F. The ferruginous pygmy owl. < Osprey. II. 1898, p.
128, 1 fig.

As observed on the Gila and Salt rivers.
i8t;8c. Breninger, G. F. Hybridization of Flickers. < Osprey. Ill, 1898, p. [3.

Supposed hybrids between Colaptes chrysoides and C. auratus and between C.
chrysoides and C. cafer, from southern Arizona.

[898. Brewster, \Y. Occurrence of the Spotted Screech Owl (Megascops as-
persus) in Arizona. < Auk, XV, \8qS, p. 186.

Two specimens of Megascops aspersus ( = Otus trichopsis [Wagler]), taken in
the Huachuca Mountains. Arizona, on August 10. 1891. and June 20, 1895, respectively.

1898. Oberholser, H. C. A Revision of the Wrens of the Genus Thryomanes
Sclater. < Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., XXI. 1898, pp. 421-450.

[898a. Ridgway, R. Descriptions of Supposed New Genera, Species, and Sub-
species of American Birds. I. Fringillidae. < Auk, XV, 1898, pp. 223-230.

Contains the description of Amphispiza bilineata deserticola, type locality Tucson,
Arizona.

1898b. Ridgway, R. Description of a Xew Species of Hummingbird from
Arizona. <Auk, XV, 1898, pp. 325-326.

Atthis morcomi, type localitv Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.
1898. Willard, F. C. Ouails going to roost. < Osprey, II. 1898, p. [34.
Callipepla squaniata, as observed near Tombstone.

1899a. Breninger, G. F. Gambel's Quail. < Osprey. Ill, 1899, pp. 84, 85, 2

figs.

As observed in southern Arizona.
1899b. Breninger, G. F. A Xest of the Blue-throated Hummingbird. < Os-
prey. HI. 1899, P- 86-

A nest with eggs of Coeligena clemenciae taken in the Huachuca Mountains in June,
1897.

1899c. Breninger, G. F. White-tailed Hawk in Arizona. < Auk. XVI, 1899,
P- 352-

Specimens of Buteo albicaudatus sennetti taken between Florence and Red Rock,
where breeding, and at Phoenix.

1899a. Brown. H. The Scarlet Ibis (Guam rubra) in Arizona. < Auk. XVI,

1899, P- 27°-

A flock, supposed to be of this species, seen near Fort Lowell. September 17, 1890.

1899b. Brown, H. The California Vulture in Arizona. < Auk, XVI, 1899, p.
272.

110 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

1899. Henninger, W. F. Note of the Spotted Screech Owl (Megascops tri-
chopsis). < Osprey, IV, 1899, p. 29.

An adult male taken in the Huachuca Mountains, May 27, 1899.
1899a. Howard, O. W. Summer Resident Warblers of Arizona. <Bull. Cooper
Orn. Club, I, 1899, PP- 37~4°> 2 figs.; pp. 63-65.
Field observations on nine species of warblers.

1899b. Howard, O. W. Some of the Summer Flycatchers of Arizona. < Bull.
Cooper Orn. Club, I, 1899, pp. 103-107, 2 figs.

Field observations on the Sulphur-bellied, Olivaceous, and Buff-breasted flycatchers.
1899a. Lusk, R. D. New Nesting Location of Rivoli Hummer (Eugenes ful-
gens). < Osprey, III, 1899, pp. 140-141.
In the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.

1899b. Lusk, R. D. Nesting of the Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher. < Bull. Cooper
Orn. Club, I, 1899, pp. 112-113.

In "southern Arizona." Locality not given.

1899. Price, W. W. Some Winter Birds of the Lower Colorado Valley.
< Bull. Cooper Orn. Club, 1, 1899, pp. 89-93.

Ninety-one species observed between Yuma and the mouth of the Colorado River.

1899. Willard, F. C. Notes on Eugenes fulgens. < Osprey, III, 1899, pp. 65-
66, 1 pi.

Nesting in the Huachuca Mountains.

1900. Dwight, J., Jr. The Moult of the North American Shore Birds (Limi-
colae). <Auk, XVII, 1900, pp. 368-385.

Makes mention of specimens of several species secured in Arizona.

1900a. Howard, O. W. Nesting of the Mexican Wild Turkey in the Huachuca
Mts., Ariz. (Meleagris gallopavo). < Condor, II, 1900, pp. 55-57, 2 figs.

1900b. Howard, O. W. Nesting of the Rivoli Hummingbird in Southern Ari-
zona. < Condor, II, 1900, pp. 101-102, 2 figs.
In the Huachua Mountains.
1900. Jones, L., and Dawson, W. L. A Summer Reconnoissance in the West.
= Wilson Bulletin, No. 33, 1900, pp. 1-39.

Contains lists of birds seen on San Francisco Mountain and at Mellen, on the Colo-
rado River.

1900. Lusk, R. D. Parrots in the United States. < Condor, II, 1900, p. 129.

Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha in the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona.
1900a. Nelson, E. W. Description of a New Subspecies of Meleagris gallopavo
and Proposed Changes in the Nomenclature of Certain North American
liirds. < Auk, XVII, 1900, pp. 120-126.

Meleagris gallopavo merriami, type locality 47 miles southwest of Winslow, Arizona.
1900b. Nelson, E. W. Descriptions of Thirty New North American Birds, in
the Biological Survey Collection. < Auk, XVII, 1900, pp. 253-270.

Contains the original description of Cyrtonyx montezumae mearnsi, type locality
Fort Huachuca, Arizona.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA

ill

1900. Smith, P. W. Nesting of Stephens Whippoorwill. < Osprey, IV 1900
p. 89.

In the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.

1901a. Breninger, G. F. A List of Birds Observed on the Pima Indian Reser-
vation, Arizona. < Condor, III, 1901, pp. 44-46.
Eighty-six species seen during four days in September.

[901b. Breninger, G. F. The Painted Redstart. < Condor, III, 1901, pp. 147-
148, 1 fig.

Field observations in the Huachuca and Santa Rita mountains.
1901a. Brown, H. Bendire's Thrasher. < Auk, XVIII, 1901, pp. 225-231.

Nest, eggs and habits, as observed in southern Arizona.

1901b. Brown, H. A Band-tailed Hawk's Nest — An Arizona Incident of Bio-
graphical Interest. < Auk, XVIII, 1901, pp. 392-393.

[901. Loomis, L. M. An Addition to the A. O. U. Check-List. < Auk,
XVIII, 1901, pp. 109-110.

Dendroica nigrifrons taken in the Huachuca and Chiricahua mountains, Arizona.

1901. Lusk, R. D. In the Summer Home of the Buff-breasted Flycatcher.

< Condor, III, 1901, pp. 38-41, 1 fig.

Field observations in the Santa Rita and Chiricahua mountains.

[901. Mearns, E. A. An Addition to the avifauna of the United States.

< Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIV, 1901, pp. 177-178.

Petrocliclidon mclanogastcr in the valleys of the San Bernardino and Santa Cruz
rivers, southern xAHzona.

1 901. Ridgway, R. The Birds of North and Middle America. = LI. S. Nation.
Mus. Bull., no. 50, part 1, pp. i-xxx, 1-7 15, pis. i-xx.

1902. Brewster, W. Birds of the Cape Region of Lower California. = Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., XLI, 1902, pp. 1-241, map.

Contains many references to Arizona birds.

1902. Brown, H. Unusual Abundance of Lewis's Woodpecker near Tucson,
Arizona, in 1884. < Auk, XIX, 1902, pp. 80-83.

1902. Goldman, E. A. In Search of a New Turkey in Arizona. < Auk, XIX,
1902, pp. 121-127.

Meleagris gallopavo merriami, as observed in the Mogollnn Mountains.

1902. Howard, O. W. Nesting of the Prairie Falcon. < Condor, IV, 1902.
PP- 57-59-

In the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.

1902a. Mearns, E. A. Description of a Hybrid between the Barn and Cliff
Swallows. < Auk, XIX, 1902, pp. 73-74.

1902b. Mearns, E. A. The Cactus Wrens of the United States. < Auk, XIX.
1902, pp. 141-145-

Ilelcodytes brwnneicapillus anthonyi, new subspecies, described from Adonde Sid-
ing, Arizona.

112 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

1902c. Mearns, E. A. Descriptions of Three New Birds from the Southern

United States. < Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., XXIV, 1902, pp. 915-926.

Contains the original description of Sitta carolinensis v.choni, type locality Huachnca
Mountains, Arizona.

1902. Oberholser, H. C. A Review of the Larks of the Genus Otocoris.
<Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., 1902, XXIV, pp. 801-884, 7 pis.

Contains the original description of Otocoris alpestris leticansiptila, type locality
Yuma, Arizona.

1902. Ridgway, R. The Birds of North and Middle America. = U. S. Nation.
Mus. Bull., no. 50, part 2, pp. i-xx, 1-834, pis. i-xxii.

1903. Bailey, V. The White-necked Raven. < Condor, V, 1903, pp. 87-89, 2
figs.

Field observations on breeding habits, etc.

1903. Breninger, G. F. Nest and Eggs of Coeligena ciemenciae. < Auk, XX,

1903- P- 435-

In the Huachnca Mountains, Arizona.

1903. Brown, H. Arizona Bird Notes. < Auk, XX, 1903, pp. 43-50.
Running account of several species from the vicinity of Yuma.

[903. Fisher, A. K. A Partial List of the Birds of Keam Canyon, Arizona.

< Condor, V, 1903, pp. 34-36.
Thirty-nine species observed in July. 1894.

1903. Fowler, F. H. Stray Notes from Southern Arizona. < Condor. A*. T903,
pp. 68-71, T06-107.

Habits and manner of occurrence in Arizona of the following species of birds:
Cyrtonyx montesumae mearnsi, Columba fasciata, Trogon ambiguus, Urubitinga
anthracina, Micropallas whitneyi, Dryobatcs arizonae, Eugenes fulgcns, Basillina
leucotis.

1903. Lusk, R. D. Wasted Talent. < Condor, V, 1903, p. 135.
Descriptive of a nest of Myiarchus 1. olivascens.

1903a. Oberholser, H. C. A Review of the Genus Catlicrpcs. < Auk, XX,
1903, pp. 196-198.

1903b. Oberholser, H. C. A Synopsis of the Genus Psaltripants. < Auk, XX,
1903, pp. 198-201.

Psaltriparus santaritae considered to be the immature of P. melanotis lloydi.

1903c. Oberholser, H. C. The North American Forms of Astragalinus psaltria
(Say). < Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI, 1903, pp. 113-116.

1903. Osgood, W, H. A List of Birds Observed in Cochise County, Arizona.

< Condor, V, 1903, pp. 128-131, 149-151.

An annotated list of one hundred and twenty-three species observed from November
1, 1894, to June 1, 1895.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 113

1903. Stephens, F. Bird Notes from Eastern California and Western Arizona.
< Condor, V, 1903, pp. 75-78, 100-105.

An annotated list of the species of birds observed in portions of the Colorado and"
Mohave Deserts, California, and from the Colorado River, at the Needles, to the
Hualpai Mountains, in Arizona.

1904. Brown, H. Masked Bob-white (Colinus ridgwayi). < Auk, XXI, 1904,
pp. 209-213.

History of the species up to date, with held observations on habits, range, etc. Be-
lieved to be extinct in Arizona.

1904. Cooke, W. W. Distribution and Migration of North American Warblers.
= U. S. Dept. xA.gric, Div. Biol, Surv., Bull. no. 18, pp. 1-142.
Contains the only Arizona record of the Prothonotary Warbler.

1004. Fisher, A. K. [Review of Swarth's Birds of the Huachuca Mountains,
Arizona.] < Condor, VI, 1904, pp. 80-81.

Twelve species are added to the list contained in the paper reviewed, one of them,
Dendroica virens, being here recorded from Arizona for the first time.

1904. Howard, O. W. The Coues Flycatcher as a Guardian of the Peace.

< Condor, VI, 1904, pp. 79-80.

An account of some of the breeding habits of the species, as observed in the
Huachuca Mountains, Arizona

1904. Nelson, E. W. A Revision of the North American Mainland Species of
Myiarchus. < Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVII, 1904, pp. 21-50.

Supposed Arizona specimens of M. nuttingi prove to be females of M. ciiierascens.

1904a. Oberholser, H. C. A Revision of the American Great Horned Owls.

< Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., XXVII, 1904, pp. 177-192.

1904b. Oberholser, H. C. A Review of the Wrens of the Genus Troglodytes.

< Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., XXVII, 1904, pp. 197-210, pi. V.

1904. Ridgway, R. The Birds of North and Middle America. = U. S. Nation.
Mus. Bull., no. 50. part 3, pp. i-xx, 1-901, pis. i-xix.

1904a. Swarth, H. S. The Status of the Southern California Cactus Wren.

< Condor, VI, 1904, pp. 17-19.

1904b. Swarth, H. S. Birds of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. = Pac.
Coast Avifauna no 4, 1904, pp. 1-70.
One hundred and ninety-six species listed.

1905a. Breninger, G. F. Are the Habits of Birds Changing? < Auk, XXII.
1905, pp. 360-363-

Running account of some unusual nesting sites used by several species in southern
Arizona.

1905b. Breninger. G. F. The Yellow-billed Tropic Bird near Phoenix, Arizona.

< Auk, XXII, 1905, p. 408.

One specimen taken alive near Phoenix, in April, 1905, and recorded as Phaethon
americanus. It eventually proved to be P. aether eus (see Miller, 1910).

J14 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

1905c. Breninger, G. F. The English Sparrow at Tucson, Arizona. < Auk,
XXII, 1905, p. 417.

First recorded appearance of the species in the state.

1905. [Childs, J. L.] Eggs of the Olive Warhler (Dendroica olivacca) < The
Warbler, I, 1905, p. 17, 1 col. pi., 1 fig.

Brief account of a set from the Huachuca Mountains, with a colored plate show-
ing the eggs, and figure of a pair of birds with nest

1905. Oberholser, H. C. The Forms of Vermivora cclata (Say). < Auk,
XXII, 1905, pp. 242-247.

Vermivora cclata orcstcra, new subspecies, described from Willis, New Mexico,
is mentioned as occurring at various points in Arizona ; breeding at Mount Graham.

1905. Stone, W. On a Collection of Birds and Mammals from the Colorado
Delta, Lower California. With Field Notes by Samuel N. Rhoads. < Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1905, pp. 676-690.

Includes observations made in the vicinity of Yuma.

1905a. Swarth, H. S. Summer Birds of the Papago Indian Reservation and of
the Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona. < Condor, VII, 1905, pp. 22-28, 47-

50, 77-81.

Giving separate annotated lists of sixty-four and sixty-nine species, respectively,, for
the two localities.

[905b. Swarth, H. S. A Correction. < Condor, VII, 1905, p. 144.

1905c. Swarth, H. S. Atratus versus Megalonyx. < Condor, VII, 1905, pp.
171-174, map.

A discussion of the races of Pipilo maculatus occurring in the southwestern United
States, with description of a new subspecies, Pipilo maculatus montanus, the type from
the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.

1905. Willard, F. C. Notes from Cochise Co., Ariz.: Purple Gallinule. < Con-
dor, VII, 1905, p. 112.

Account of the capture of a specimen of the Purple Gallinule (Ionomis martinica)
at Tombstone, Arizona, in June, 1904, with mention of an alleged occurrence of the
same species in the Dragoon Mountains, in April, 1903.

1906. Bishop, L. B. Uranomitra salvini in Arizona. < Auk, XXIII, 1906, pp.

337-338.

A young female, the second known example of the species, taken at Palmerlee,
Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, on July 4, 1905.

1906. Brown, H. The Wrater Turkey and Tree Ducks near Tucson, Arizona.
< Auk, XXIII. 1906, pp. 217-218.

Anhinga anhinga, Dcndrocygna autumnalis, and D. fulva, in parts of southern Ari-
zona.

1906. [Childs, J. L.] Nest and Eggs of the Blue-throated Hummingbird
(Coeligena clemenciae). < The Warbler, II, 1906, p. 65, 1 col. pi.
From the Huachuca Mountains.

1906. Howard, O. W. The English Sparrow in the Southwest. < Condor,
VIII, 1906, pp. 67-68.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 115

1906. Miller, W. De W. List of Birds Collected in Northwestern Durango,
Mexico, by J. H. Batty, during- 1903. < Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXII,

1906, pp. 161-183.

Contains critical comments upon several Arizona species.

1906. Oberholser, H. C. The North American Eagles and their Economic Re-
lations. = U. S. Dept. Agric, Biol. Surv., Bull. No. 27, pp. 1-31, 2 pis.,
2 figs.

1906a. Ridgway, R. "Atratus versus Megalonyx". < Condor, VIII, 1906,

P- 53-

Critical: Pipilo maculatus montanus Swarth considered a synonym of P. m. mega-
lonyx Baird.

1906b. Ridgway, R. "Atratus versus Megalonyx". < Condor, VIII, 1906,
p. 100.

Critical: Recognizing the validity of Pipilo maculatus montanus Swarth.

1907. Ridgway, R. The Birds of North and Middle America. = U. S. Nation.
Mus. Bull., no. 50, part 4, pp. i-xxii. 1-973, pis. i-xxxiv.

1907a. Smith, A. P. The Thick-billed Parrot in Arizona. < Condor, IX, 1907,
p. 104.

Account of the appearance of a Hock of "700 to 1000" in the Chiricahua Moun-
tains, Arizona, in August, 1904.

1907b. Smith, A. P. Summer Notes from an Arizona Camp. < Condor, IX,

1907, pp. 196-197.

A running account of some twenty-four species of birds observed in the Whetstone
Mountains, from May to August.

1908. Grinnell, J. The Name of the California Least Vireo. < Auk, XXV,

1908, pp. 85-86.

1908. Plenderson, J. The Mountain Bluebird in Northern Arizona. < Condor,
X, 1908, p. 94.

1908. Hollister, N. Birds of the Region about Needles, California. < Auk,

xxv, 1908, pp. 455-462.

References to several species seen on the Arizona side of the Colorado River at
Fort Mohave.

1908a. Smith, A. P. Is the Mountain Bluebird Resident at High Altitudes?
< Condor, X, 1908, p. 50.

Sialia currucoides at Flagstaff, Arizona, during February and March, 1907.
1908b. Smith, A. P. Some Data and Records from the Whetstone Mountains,
Arizona. < Condor, X, 1908, pp. 75-78.

A running account of some of the species of birds observed in the region during
the summer months.

iqo8c. Smith, A. P. Brain Parasite in White-necked Raven. < Condor, X,
1908, p. 92.

1908c!. Smith, A. P. Albinism of Scaled Partridge. < Condor, X, 1908, p. 93.
Two albino specimens of Callipepla squamata from the San Pedro Valley, Arizona.

116 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10

1908. Swarth, H. S. Some Fall Migration Notes from Arizona. < Condor,

X, 1908, pp. 107-116.

Annotated list of species of birds seen in the Rincon and Huachuca Mountains,
Arizona, from September 21 to November 8, 1907.

1908. Wetmore, A. Notes on Some Northern Arizona Birds. < Kansas Univ.
Sci. Bull., IV (whole series, XIV), 1908, pp. 377-388.

An annotated list of forty species, observed at Williams, Arizona, and on Bill Wil-
iams Mountain, February 24 to April 1, 1907. Specimens of Sturnelld magna hoopesi
secured on the Coconino plains.

1908a. Willard, F. C. An Arizona Nest Census. < Condor, X, 1908, pp. 44-45.

Running account of the species of birds found breeding in a garden in Tombstone,
Arizona.

1908b. Willard, F. C. Huachuca Notes. < Condor, X, 1908, pp. 206-207.

1908c. Willard, F. C. Three Vireos: Nesting Notes from the Huachuca Moun-
tains. < Condor, X, 1908, pp. 230-234, 3 figs.

Lanivireo solitarius plumbeus, Virco huttoni stephensi, and Vireosylva gilva
swainsoni; probably the southernmost breeding record of the last mentioned species.

1909a. Gilman, M. F. Among the Thrashers in Arizona. < Condor, XI, 1909,

PP. 49"54> I fig-
Observations on five? species found on the Pima Indian Reservation, southern
Arizona.

1909b. Gilman, M. F. Some Owls Along the Gila River in Arizona. < Condor,

XI, 1909, pp. 145-150, 5 fig's-

Six species treated: Bubo v. pallesccns, Aluco pratincola, Otus triclwpsis ( = Otus
asio gilmani), Spcotylo c. hypogaca, Glaucidium phaloenoidcs, and Micropallas
whitneyi.

1909c. Gilman, M. F. Nesting Notes on the Lucy Warbler. < Condor, XI,

1909, pp. 166-168.
I909d. Gilman, M. F. Red-eyed Cowbird at Sacaton, Arizona. < Condor, XI,

[909, p. 173.

1909. Grinnell, J. Three New Song Sparrows from California. < Univ. Calif.
Publ. Zool., V, 1900, pp. 265-269.

Contains the original description of Mclospiza melodia saltonis, the breeding song
sparrow of the lower Colorado River valley, here considered a different form from M.
in. fallax Baird.

1909. Swarth, H. S. Distribution and Molt of the Mearns Quail. < Condor,

XI, 1909, pp. 39-43. 4 fig"s-
1909. Visher, S. S. The Capture of the Red-eyed Cowbird in Arizona. < Auk,
XXVI, 1909, p. 307.
Near Tucson.
1909a. Willard, F. C. Behavior of a Young Rivoli Hummingbird. < Condor,

XI, 1909, pp. 102-103.
1909b. Willard, F. C. Nesting of the Arizona Junco. < Condor, XI, 1909, pp.
129-131, 1 fig.

In the Huachuca Mountains.

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 117

[909c. Willard, F. C. The Flammulated Screech Owl. < Condor, XI, 1900,
pp. 199-202, 5 figs.

Breeding in the Huaohuca Mountains.

[910. American Ornithologists' Union. Check-List of North American I iirds.
Third Edition (Revised). New York, 1910. Pp. [-430, 2 pis. (maps).

19] o. Cooke. \Y. \Y. Distribution and Migration of North American Shore-
birds. = U. S. Dept. Agric., Biol. Surv., Bull. No. 35, 1910, pp. 1-100, pis.
I-IV.

Pisobia minutilla and Numenius americanus recorded for the first time as winter
visitants in Arizona.

1910. Oilman, M. F. Notes from Sacaton. Arizona. < Condor, XII. 1910,
pp. 45-46.

1910. McGee, AW J. Notes on the Passenger Pigeon. < Science, n. s. XXXII,
1910. pp. 958-964.

The writer claims to have found Passenger Pigeons in abundance at Tinajas Altas,
in the Gila Mountains, some seventy-five miles southeast of Yuma, in 1894, 1895, 1900,
and 1905. Undoubtedly a misidentification.

1910. Miller. W. De W. The Red-billed Tropic-bird in Arizona. < Auk,
XXVII, 1910, pp. 450, 451.

Correction of a previous erroneous record of Phaethon americanus (see Breninger,
1905b).

19 10. Nelson, E. W. A New Subspecies of Pigmy Owl. < Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., XXIII, 1910, pp. 103-104.

Glaucidium gnotna pinicola, from the "Rocky Mountain region of the United
States and the Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico," the type from Alma, New
Mexico. Specimens from Arizona mentioned.

1910a. Swarth, H. S. Two New Owls from Arizona, with description of the
juvenal plumage of Strix occidentalis occidentalis (Xantus). < Univ. Calif.
Publ. Zook, VII, pp. 1-8.

Otus asio gilmani, type locality Blackwater, Pinal County, and Strix occidentalis
huachucac, type locality Huachuca Mountains.

1910b. Swarth, H. S. Miscellaneous Records from Southern California and
Arizona. < Condor, XII, 1910, pp. 107-110.

1910a. Visiter, S. S. A Correction: A New Bird for the United States. < Auk,
XXVII, 1910, p. 210.

The Red-eyed Cowbird recorded from Tucson proves to be Tangavius aencus aeneus,
and not T. a. involucratus , as previously stated.

1910b. Visher. S. S. Notes on the Birds of Pima County, Arizona. < Auk,
XXVII, 1910. pp. 279-288.

One hundred and twenty-seven species listed, including several not otherwise known
to occur in the state. Many of them are unquestionably misidentifications, and the
paper contains besides so many obvious mistakes and absurd statements that the re-
cords contained in ii must perforce be disregarded.

118 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 1U

1910a. Willard, F. C. Nesting of the Western Evening Grosbeak (Hcsperiphona
vespertina montana). < Condor, XIT, 1910, pp. 60-62, 1 fig.
In the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.

1910b. Willard, F. C. The Olive Warbler (Dcndvica olivacea) in Southern
Arizona. < Condor, XII, 1010. pp. 104-107, 1 fig.

1910c. Willard, F. C. Seen on a Day's Outing in Southern Arizona. < Con-
dor, XII. 1910, p. 1 10.

Records the capture of the Texas Kingfisher (Ccryle americana scpientrionalis) on
the San Pedro River.

1911a. Oilman, M. F. Notes from Sacaton, Arizona. < Condor, XIII, 191 1.

P- 35-
191 rb. Oilman, M. F. Doves on the Pima Reservation. < Condor, XIII, 1911,

pp. 51-56.

Zcnaidura m. carolinensis, Melopelia asiatica, Chaemepelia p. pallescens, and Scarda-
fella inca, as observed at Sacaton, Arizona.

191 1. Grinnell, J. Description of a New Spotted Towhee from the Great Basin.

< Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool.. VII, 191 1, pp. 309-311.

Pipilo maculatus curtatus, type locality Pine Forest Mountains, Nevada. Speci-
mens taken in the lower Colorado Valley in winter.

1911a. Oberholser. H. C. A Revision of the Forms of the Hairy Woodpecker
(Dryobates villosus [Linnaeus]). < Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., XL, 19TI,
PP. 595-621.

Dryobates villosus leucothorectis and Dryobates villosus icastus, new forms de-
scribed, ascribed to northern and southern Arizona, respectively.

1911b. Oberholser. H. C. A Revision of the Forms of the Ladder-backed Wood-
pecker (Dryobates scalaris [Wagler]). < Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., XLL
1911. pp. 139-159, 1 pi. [map].

Contains the original description of Dryobates scalaris cactophilus, type locality Tuc-
son, Arizona.

1911a. Ridgway, R. Diagnoses of Some New Forms of Picidae. < Proc. Biol.
Soc. Wash., XXIV, 191 1, pp. 31-36.

Contains the original description of Colaptes chrysoidcs niearnsi, type locality Quito
vaquito, Arizona.

1911b. Ridgway, R. The Birds of North and Middle America. = U. S. Nation.
Mus. Bull., no. 50, part 5. pp. i-xxiii, 1-859, P^s- i-xxxiii.

191 1. Willard. F. C. The Blue-throated Hummingbird. < Condor, XIII,

191 1, pp. 46-49, 4 figs.

Breeding in the Huachuca Mountains.
1912a. Oberholser, H. C. A Revision of the Subspecies of the Green Heron

(Butorides virescens [Linnaeus]). < Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., XLII, 1912,

PP- 529-577-
1912b. Oberholser, H. C. A Revision of the Forms of the Great Blue Heron

(Ardea herodias Linnaeus). < Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., XLIII, 1912, pp.

531-559-

1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 119

1912. Sloanaker, J. L. Two New Arizona Records. < Condor, XIV, 1912,

P- J54-

Grus canadensis and Clangula clangula amcricana from the vicinity of Tucson.

19 1 2. Swarth. H. S. Report on a collection of birds and mammals from Van
couver Island. < Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., X, pp. 1-124, pis. 1-4.

Critical remarks on the subspecies of Geothlypis frichas occurring in Arizona.
1912a. Willard, F. C. A Week Afield in Southern Arizona. < Condor, XIV,
I9I2> PP- 53-63. 7 figs.

Running account of birds seen on an automobile trip from the Huachnca Moun-
tains to Tucson, and then to Tombstone.

1912b. Willard. F. C. Migration of White-necked Ravens. < Condor, XIV,
1912, pp. 107-108.

In Cochise County, in November.

1912c. Willard, F. C. Breeding of the Scott Sparrow. < Condor, XIV, 1912,
pp. 195-196, 1 fig.

In the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.

I9i2d. Willard, F. C. Nesting of the Rocky Mountain Nuthatch. < Condor.

XIV, 1912, pp. 213-215, 2 figs.

In the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.

1913. Cooke, W. W. Distribution and Migration of North American Herons and
their Allies. = U. S. Dept. Agric. Biol. Surv., Bull. No. 45, 1913. pp.
1-70, 21 figs, (distribution maps).

Contains statements of the manner of occvrrence of several species in Arizona.
191 3. Sloanaker, J. L. Bird Notes from the South-west. < Wilson Bull.,
XXV, 1913, pp. 187-199.
In the vicinity of Tucson.

191 3. Swarth, H. S. The Status of Lloyd's Bush-tit as a Bird of Arizona.
< Auk, XXX, 1913, pp. 399-401.

Critical. Arizona records of Psaltriparus m. lloydi shown to pertain to a juvenal
plumage of P. plumbeus.

1913. Todd, W. F.. C. A Revision of the Genus Chaemepelia. < Annals of
the Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1913, pp. 507-603.

References to Arizona specimens of Chaemepelia passerina pallescetis.
1913a. Willard, F. C. Some Late Nesting Notes from the Huachuca Moun-
tains, Arizona. < Condor. XV, 1913, p. 41.

Breeding of Toxostoma c. pahneri, Cyanolaemus clemenciae, and Columba f. fasciata.
1913b. Willard, F. C. Late Nesting of Certain Birds in Arizona. < Condor,

XV, 191 3, p. 227.

Seven species treated, from the Huachuca Mountains.

1913c. Willard, F. C. Sharp-shinned Hawk Nesting in Arizona. < Condor,
XV, 1913, p. 229.

In the Huachuca Mountains.

120

PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA

No. 10

INDEX

Acanthylis pelasgia, 36

saxatalis, 37
Accipiter atricapillus, 25

atricapillus striatulus, 25

cooperi, 24, 85

fuscus, 24

mexicanus, 24

velox, 24, 85

velox pacificus, 24

velox rufilatus, 24
Actitis macularius, 20, 85
Actiturus bartramius, 20
Actodromas bairdi, 19

minutilla, 19
Aechmophorus occidentalis, 9, 88
/Egialitis montanus, 21

semipalmata, 21, 89

vociferus, 21
Aeronautes melanoleucus, 37, 86
Agelaius gubernator, 47

gubernator californicus, 84

phoeniceus, 47

phoeniceus californicus, 84

phoeniceus fortis, 47, 88

phoeniceus longirostris, 47

phoeniceus neutralis, 47, 86

phoeniceus sonoriensis, 47, 86

xanthocephalus, 47
Aimophila carpalis, 57, 86, 91, 100

ruficeps scotti, 57, 86, 87, 92, 94, 103
Aluco flammeus pratincola, 29

pratincola, 29, 86, 116
Ammodramus bairdi, 52, 88

passerinus, 53

sandwichensis alaudinus, 52

savannarum bimaculatus, 53, 86

savannarum perpallidus, 53
Ammodromus savannarum, 53
Ampelis cedrorum, 64

garrulus, 64
Amphispiza belli cinerea, 56

belli nevadensis, 56

bilineata, 56

bilineata deserticola, 56, 86, 91, 109

nevadensis nevadensis, 56, 88
Anas americana, 12

boschas, 11

carolinensis, 12

cyanoptera, 12

discors, 12

penelope, 12

platyrhynchos, 11, 85

strepera, 12

Anhinga, 10

Anhinga anhinga, 10, 90, 114
Ani, Groove-billed, 32, 106
Anser albifrons, 14

albifrons gambeli, 14, 88

gambeli, 14

hyperboreus, 14
Anthus ludovicianus, 72

pensilvanicus, 72

rubescens, 72, 88
Antrostomus nuttallii, 36

vociferus, 36

vociferus arizonae, 36

vociferus macromystax, 36, 87, 92
Aphelocoma floridana woodhousei, 45

sieberi arizonae, 45, 86, 87, 92, 103

sordida arizonae, 45

woodhousei, 45, 86, 87, 92
Aquila canadensis, 27

chrysaetos, 27, 85, 92

chrysaetus canadensis, 27
Archibuteo ferrugineus, 26, 88

lagopus, 26

lagopus sancti-johannis, 26, 90
Archilochus alexandri, 37, 87
Ardea candidissima, 16

egretta, 16

herodias, 16

herodias treganzai, 16, 85

virescens, 16

virescens anthonyi, 16, 108
Ardetta exilis, 16
Asio accipitrinus, 29

americanus, 29

flammeus, 29, 88

magellanicus pacificus, 30

magellanicus pallescens, 30

wilsonianus, 29, 88
Astragalinus lawrencei, 51, 88

psaltria, 51

psaltria arizonae, 51

psaltria hesperophilus, 51, 86

tristis pallidus, 50, 86
Astur atricapillus atricapillus, 25, 90
Asturina nitida, 26

nitida plagiata, 26, 100

plagiata, 26, 87, 90, 100
Asyndesmus lewisi, 35, 86

torquatus, 35
Athene cunicularia, 31

hypugaea, 31

whitneyi, 31, 96
Atlapetes chlorurus, 59

1914

BIRDS OF ARIZONA

121

At this costae, 37

heloisa morcomi, 39, 90

morcomi, 39, 109
Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps, 78, 86, 87, 91
Avocet, American, 18
Aythya affinis, 13

americana, 13

marila nearctica, 13

vallisneria, 13

B

Baeolophus inornatus griseus, 77, 86, 92, 94
wollweberi, 77, 86, 87, 92, 103

wollweberi annexus, 77
Balanosphyra formicivora aculeata, 34
Baldpate, 12

Bartramia longicauda, 20, 90
Basilinna leucotis, 39, 87, 108, 112
Becard, Xantus, 40, 104
Bernicla brenta, 82

canadensis, 14

hutchinsi, 14
Bittern, American, 15

Least, 16
Blackbird, Bicolored Red-winged, 84

Brewer, 49

Northern Red-winged, 47

San Diego Red-winged, 47

Sonora Red-winged, 47

Yellow-headed, 47
Bluebird, Azure, 81

Chestnut-backed, 81

Mountain, 81, 115
Bob-white, Masked, 21, 113
Bombycilla cedrorum, 64, 88

garrula, 64, 90
Botaurus lentiginosus, 15, 85

minor, 15
Brachyotus cassinii, 29
Brant, 82
Branta bernicla glaucogastra, 82

canadensis canadensis, 14, 88

canadensis hutchinsi, 14, 88
Bubo magellanicus, 30

magellanicus pallescens, 30

virginianus, 30

virginianus arcticus, 30

virginianus pacificus, 30

virginianus pallescens, 30, 86, 87, 116

virginianus saturatus, 30

virginianus subarcticus, 30
Bucephala albeola, 13
Buffle-head, 13
Bunting, Beautiful, 61

Lark, 61

Lazuli, 61

Painted, 61

Bush-tit, Lead-colored, 78

Lloyd, 119
Buteo abbreviatus, 25, 85, 102

albicaudatus sennetti, 26, 87, 90, 109

bairdi, 26

borealis, 25

borealis calurus, 25, 85, 87

calurus, 25

elegans, 84

insignatus, 26, 96

lineatus elegans, 84

montanus, 25

oxypterus, 26, 96

swainsoni, 26, 87, 90, 96

zonocercus, 25
Butorides virescens, 16

virescens anthonyi, 16, 85

Calamospiza bicolor, 61

melanocorys, 61, 88
Calcarius ornatus, 51, 88, 104
Callipepla gambeli, 22

squamata squamata, 21, 85, 87, 91, 109,
115
Calothorax lucifer, 39, 90, 98
Calypte anna, 38, 90

costae, 37, 86, 91
Camptostoma imberbe, 44, 87, 90
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus, 74
Canace obscurus, 22
Canvas-back, 13, 106
Caprimulgus nuttallii, 36
Caracara, Audubon, 28
Cardellina rubrifrons, 72, 88, 93, 94, 104
Cardinal, Arizona, 60

Cardinalis cardinalis superbus, 60, 86, 91,
101

igneus, 60

superbus, 60

virginianus, 60

virginianus igneus, 60
Carpodacus californicus, 50

cassini, 50, 86, 92, 95

familiaris, 50

frontalis, 50

mexicanus frontalis, 50, 86

mexicanus obscurus, 50

pileatus, 50

purpureus, 50

purpureus californicus, 49, 90
Cathartes aura, 24

aura septentrionalis, 24, 85

californianus, 83

PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA

No. 10

Catherpes mexicanus, 74

mexicanus conspersus, 74, 86, 87

mexicanus polioptilus, 74

mexicanus punctulatus, 74
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus, 20,

90
Celeus torquatus, 35
Centronyx bairdi, 52, 98
Centurus uropygialis, 35, 86, 87, 91, 95
Certhia americana, 76

familiaris, 76

familiaris albescens, 76, 88, 93

familiaris americana, 76

familiaris mexicana, 76

familiaris montana, 76, 82, 92, 100
Certhiola flaveola, 96
Ceryle alcyon alcyon, 32, 88

americana, 33

americana septentrionalis, 33, 90, 118
Chaemepelia passerina pallescens, 23, 85,

91, 118, 119
Chaetura vauxi, 36, 89
Chamaepelia passerina, 23
Charadrius dominicus dominicus, 83

vociferus, 21
Charitonetta albeola, 13, 88
Chat, Long-tailed, 71
Chaulelasmus streperus, 12, 85
Chelidon erythrogaster, 63
Chen hyperboreus hyperboreus, 14, 88
Chickadee, Mexican, 77

Mountain, 77
Chondestes grammaca, 53

grammacus strigatus, 53, 86
Chordeiles acutipennis texensis, 36, 87, 90

henryi, 36

popetue, 36

popetue henryi, 36

texensis, 36

virginianus, 36

virginianus henryi, 36, 87, 92
Chroecocephalus atricilla, 82

franklini, 82
Chroicocephalus Philadelphia, 10
Chrysomitris lawrencei, 51

mexicana, 51

mexicanus arizonae, 51

pinus, 51

psaltria, 51

psaltria arizonae, 51

tristis, 50
Cichlopsis nitens, 64
Cinclus mexicanus, 72

mexicanus unicolor, 72, 86
Circe latirostris, 39

Circus cyaneus, 24

cyaneus hudsonius, 24

hudsonius, 24, 85
Cistothorus palustris, 75

palustris paludicola, 75

palustris plesius, 75
Clangula albeola, 13

clangula americana, 13, 90, 119
Ciivicola riparia, 63
Coccothraustes vespertina, 49, 104

vespertina montana, 49
Coccyzus americanus, 32

americanus occidentalis, 32, 87
Coeligena clemenciae, 37, 109, 112
Colaptes auratus mexicanus, 35

ayresii, 35

cafer, 35, 109

cafer collaris, 35, 86, 102

chrysoides, 35, 109

chrysoides mearnsi, 35, 86, 87, 91, 102,
118

mexicanus, 35

rubricatus, 35
Colinus ridgwayi, 21, 85, 87, 91, 101, 102,

103, 104, 113
Collurio borealis, 65

excubitoroides, 65

ludovicianus excubitorides, 65
Collyrio borealis, 65

excubitorides, 65
Columba fasciata fasciata, 23, 85, 92, 112,
119

flavirostris, 83

leucoptera, 23
Coiumbigallina passerina, 23
Colymbus arcticus pacificus, 82

auritus, 81

nigricollis californicus, 9, 87

pacificus, 82

torquatus, 9
Condor, California, 83
Contopus borealis, 42

pertinax, 42, 106

pertinax pallidiventris, 42

richardsoni, 42

veliei, 42

virens richardsoni, 42
Coot, American, 18
Cormorant, Farallon, 11
Corvus americanus, 46

brachyrhynchos hesperis, 46, 86

cacalotl, 46

carnivorus, 46

corax, 46

corax carnivorus, 46

1914

BIRDS OF ARIZONA

123

Corvus corax sinuatus, 46, 86

cryptoleucus, 46, 86, 91

splendens, 46
Coturnicops noveboracensis, 17, 90
Coturniculus bairdi, 52

passerinus, 53

passerinus perpallidus, 53

savannarum bimaculatus, 53
Cotyle riparia, 63

serripennis, 64
Cowbird, Bronzed, 47

Dwarf, 47

Red-eyed, 116, 117
Crane, Little Brown, 17

Sandhill, 17
Craxirex harrisii, 25

unicinctus, 25
Creciscus jamaicensis, 83
Creeper, Mexican, 76

Rocky Mountain, 76
Crossbill, Mexican, 50
Crotophaga sulcirostris, 32, 90, 106
Crow, Western, 46

Cryptoglaux acadica acadica, 29, 86, 92
Cuckoo, California, 32
Culicivora plumbea, 79, 95
Curlew, Long-billed, 21
Curvirostra americana, 50
Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus, 46, 86
Cyanocitta californica, 45

floridana woodhousei, 45

macrolopha, 45

sordida, 45

stelleri, 45

stelleri diademata, 45, 86, 87, 92

stelleri macrolopha, 45

ultramarina arizonae, 45

woodhouseii, 45
Cyanocorax californica, 45

stelleri, 45
Cyanolaemus clemenciae, 37, 87, 93, 119
Cyanospiza amoena, 61

ciris, 61
Cyanura macrolopha, 45

stelleri macrolopha, 45
Cygnus americanus, 15
Cynanthus latirostris, 39, 87, 91
Cypselus melanoleucus, 37, 95
Cyrtonyx massena, 22

montezumae, 22

montezumae mearnsi, 22, 85, 87, 93, 94,
110, 112

D
Dafila acuta, 13, 85

Dendragapus obscurus obscurus, 22, 85, 87,
92, 93

Dfiidrocopus arizonae, 33

harrisi, 33
Deudrocygna autumnalis, 14, 90, 114

bicolor, 15, 88

fulva, 15, 114
Dendroica aestiva, 68

aestiva brewsteri, 68, 89

aestiva morcomi, 68

aestiva sonorana, 68, 88, 90

auduboni auduboni, 69, 86, 92

auduboni nigrifrons, 69, 88, 93

coronata, 69, 90

graciae, 69, 88, 92, 96, 106

nigrescens, 69, 88, 92

nigrifrons, 69, 111

occidentalis, 70, 89

olivacea, 68, 108, 114, 118

townsendi, 70, 89

virens, 70, 90, 113
Dickcissel, 61
Dipper, American, 72
Doricha enicura, 39, 98
Dove, Inca, 24, 108

Mexican Ground, 23, 105

Western Mourning, 23

White-winged, 23, 91
Dowitcher, Long-billed, 19
Dryobates arizonae, 33, 86, 87, 92, 94, 102,
112

pubescens gairdneri, 33

pubescens homorus, 33, 86

pubescens oreoecus, 33

scalaris, 33

scalaris bairdi, 33

scalaris cactophilus, 33, 86, 87, 91, 118

stricklandi, 33

villosus harrisi, 33

viilosus hyloscopus, 33

villosus icastus, 33, 118

villosus leucothorectis, 33, 86, 87, 92,
118
Duck, Greater Scaup, 13

Lesser Scaup, 13

Ruddy, 14

Eagle, Bald, 27

Golden, 27, 106
Ectopistes carolinensis, 23
Egret, American, 16

Egretta candidissima candidissima, 16, 89
Elanus leucurus, 84
Empidonax difficilis difficilis, 42, 87

flaviventris difficilis, 42

fulvifrons pygmaeus, 43, 87, 93

griseus, 43, 89

124

PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA

No. 1U

Empidonax, hammondi, 42, 89

obscurus, 43, 99

pusillus, 42

pygmaeus, 43

trailli pusillus, 42

trailli trailli, 42, 87, 90

wrighti, 43, 89
Eremophila alpestris chrysolaema, 44

cornuta, 44
Ereunetes mauri, 20, 88

cccidentalis, 20

pusillus, 20
Erismatura jamaicensis, 14, 85

rubida, 14
Eudromias montanus, 21
Eugenes fulgens, 37, 87, 93, 98, 106, 110, 112
Euphagus cyanocephalus, 49, 86
Euspiza americana, 61

F

Falcinellus ordii, 15
Falco aesalon, 28

anatum, 27

columbarius columbarius, 27, 88

columbarius richardsoni, 28, 90

communis anatum, 27

femoralis, 28

fusco-caerulescens, 28, 86, 91

lanarius polyagrus, 27

mexicanus, 27, 86

nigriceps, 27

peregrinus anatum, 27, 86

polyagrus, 27

richardsoni, 28

saker polyagrus, 27

sparverius deserticolus, 28, 107

sparverius phaloena, 28

sparverius sparverius, 28, 86, 101
Falcon, Aplomado, 28

Prairie, 27, 111
Finch, California Purple, 49

Cassin Purple, 50

House, 50
Flicker, Mearns Gilded, 35, 91

Red-shafted, 35
Flycatcher, Arizona Crested, 40, 91

Ash-throated, 41

Black-crested, 100

Beardless, 44

Buff-breasted, 43, 110, 111

Coues, 42, 108, 113

Gray, 43

Hammond, 42

Olivaceous, 41, 110

Olive-sided, 42

Painted, 99

Flycatcher, Sulphur-bellied, 40, 110

Traill, 42

Vermilion, 43, 91, 97, 105

Western, 42

Wright, 43
Fringilla blandingiana, 59

frontalis, 50
Fulica americana, 18, 85

Gadwall, 12

Gallinago delicata, 19, 88

wilsonii, 19 >

Gallinula galeata, 18, 85
Gallinule, Florida, 18

Purple, 17, 114
Gambetta melanoleuca, 20
Garzetta candidissima, 16
Gavia immer, 9, 88

pacifica, 82

stellata, 9, 90 ,

Geococcyx californianus, 32, 86, 87, 91

viaticus, 32
Geothlypis macgillivrayi, 70

Philadelphia macgillivrayi, 70

tolmiei, 70

trichas, 70, 71

trichas occidentals, 70, 71, 88

trichas scirpicola, 71, 88, 119
Glaucidium ferrugineum, 31, 97

gnoma, 31, 100

gnoma pinicola, 31, 86, 92, 117

passerinum californicum, 31

phaloenoides, 31, 86, 91, 104, 116
Gnatcatcher, Plumbeous, 79, 91, 103

Western, 78
Godwit, Hudsonian, 83

Marbled, 83
Golden-eye, American, 13
Goldfinch, Green-backed, 51

Lawrence, 51

Pale, 50
Goniaphea coerulea, 60

melanocephala, 60
Goose, Canada, 14

Hutchins, 14

Lesser Snow, 14

White-fronted, 14
Goshawk, American, 25

Mexican, 26, 100, 107
Graculus dilophus, 11
Grebe, American Eared, 9
Horned, 81
Pied-billed, 9
Western, 9

1914

BIRDS OF ARIZONA

125

Grosbeak, Black-headed, GO

Rose-breasted, 60

Western Blue, 60
Western Evening, 49, 118
Grouse, Dusky, 22
Grus canadensis, 17, 88, 11!)

mexicana, 17, 85
Guara rubra, 82, 109
Guiraca caerulea, 60

caerulea eurhyncha, 60

caerulea lazula, 60, 88, 90

melanocephala, 60
Chill, Bonaparte, 10

Franklin, 82

Heermann, 82

Laughing, 82

Ring-billed, 9

Western, 82
Cymnogyps californianus, 83
Gymnokitta cyanocephala, 46
Gyparchus papa, 83

H
Habia melanocephala, 60
Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephalus, 27,

86
Harporhynchus bendirei, 73, 98

cinereus bendirei, 73

crissalis, 74, 97

curvirostris, 73

curvirostris palmeri, 73, 97, 106

lecontei, 74, 108

redivivus lecontei, 74
Hawk, American Rough-legged, 26

American Sparrow, 28

Band-tailed, 111

Cooper, 24

Duck, 27

Ferruginous Rough-legged, 26

Harris, 25

Marsh, 24

Mexican Black, 26

Pigeon, 27

Red-bellied, 84

Sennett White-tailed, 26, 109

Sharp-shinned, 24, 119

Swainson, 26

Western Red-tailed, 25

Zone-tailed, 25
Hedymeles melanocephalus, 60
Heleodytes brunneicapillus, 74

brunneicapillus anthonyi, 74, 111

brunneicapillus couesi, 74, 86, 87, 91
Helminthophaga celata, 67

luciae, 67, 96, 97

ruficapilla, 67

virginiae, 67

Helminthophila celata, 67

celata lutescens, 68

luciae, 67

rubricapiila gutturalis, 67

ruficapilla, 67

ruficapilla gutturalis, 67

virginiae, 67
Helodromas solitarius, 20

solitarius cinnamomeus, 20, 89
Herodias alba egretta, 16

egretta, 16, 89
Heron, Anthony Green, 16

Black-crowned Night, 16

Pallid Great Blue, 16

Snowy, 16
Herse thalassina, 63
Hesperiphona vespertina, 49

vespertina montana, 49, 86, 92, 118
Himantopus mexicanus, 18, 89

nigricollis, 18
Hirundo bicolor, 63

erythrogastra, 63, 88

horreorum, 63

lunifrons, 62

rufa, 63

thalassina, 63
Horizopus pertinax pallidiventris, 42

richardsoni, 42
Hummingbird, Allen, 38

Anna, 38

Black-chinned, 37

Blue-throated, 37, 109, 118

Broad-billed, 39

Broad-tailed, 38

Calliope, 39

Costa, 37

Lucifer, 39

Morcom, 39

Rivoli, 37, 110, 116

Rufous, 38

Salvin, 39

White-eared, 39
Hydrobata mexicana, 72
Hydrochelidon fissipes, 10

lariformis, 10

nigra, 10

nigra surinamensis, 10, 90

surinamensis, 10
Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola, 79, 90

guttata auduboni, 80, 88, 92. 94

guttata guttata, 80, 88

guttata nanus, 80, 88, 89

guttata slevini, 80, 89

nana, 80

ustuiata swainsoni, 79

ustulata ustuiata, 79, 89

126

PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA

No. 10

Hypotriorchis columbarius, 27
femoralis, 28

I

Iache latirostris, 39
Ibis, Scarlet, 82, 109

White-faced Glossy, 15

Wood, 15
Ibis guarauna, 15

ordii, 15

thalassinus, 15
Icteria longicauda, 71

virens longicauda, 71, 88

viridis, 71
Icterus bullocki, 49, 87

cucullatus, 49, 102

cucullatus nelsoni, 49, 87, 90, 101

parisorum, 48, 87, 91, 102
Ictinia mississipiensis, 96
Ionornis martinicus, 17, 90, 104, 114
Iridoprocne bicolor, 63, 89
Ixobrychus exilis, 16, 90
Ixoreus naevius naevius, 85

Jay, Arizona, 45

Long-crested, 45, 97

Pinon, 46

Rocky Mountain, 45

Woodhouse, 45
Junco, Arizona, 56, 105, 116

Gray-headed, 55

Montana, 55

Pink-sided, 55

Red-backed, 56

Shufeldt, 55

Sierra, 55

Slate-colored, 55
Junco annectens, 55

caniceps, 55, 88, 98

cinereus, 56, 98, 102

cinereus caniceps, 55

cinereus dorsalis, 56

cinereus palliatus, 56

connectens, 55

dorsalis, 56, 98

hyemalis connectens, 55

hyemalis hyemalis, 55, 88

hyemalis mearnsi, 55

hyemalis montanus, 55

hyemalis oregonus, 55

hyemalis thurberi, 55

mearnsi, 55, 88

montanus, 55, 90

oregonus, 55

oreganus thurberi, 55, 88, 89

Junco oreganus shufeldti, 55, 88
phaeonotus caniceps, 55
phaeonotus dorsalis, 56, 86, 87, 93,
phaeonotus palliatus, 56, 86, 87, 93,
ridgwayi, 55, 105

K

Killdeer, 21
Kingbird, Cassin, 40

Western, 40
Kingfisher, Belted, 32

Texas, 33, 118
Kinglet, Golden-crowned, 85

Ruby-crowned, 78
Kite, White-tailed, 84

Lanius borealis, 65, 90

ludovicianus, 65

ludovicianus excubitorides, 65, 86
Lanivireo solitarius cassini, 65, 89

solitarius plumbeus, 66, 88, 92, 116
Lark, Desert Horned, 44

Montezuma Horned, 44

Prairie Horned, 84

Scorched Horned, 44

Sonora Horned, 44
Larus atricilla, 82

delawarensis, 9, 90

franklini, 82

heermanni, 82

occidentalis, 82

Philadelphia, 10
Limonites minutilla, 19
Limosa fedoa, 83

haemastica, 83
Lobipes lobatus, 18, 90
Longspur, Chestnut-collared, 51, 104, 105

McCown, 52, 104, 105
Loon, Common, 9

Pacific, 82

Red-throated, 9
Lophodytes cucullatus, 11, 90
Lophophanes inornatus, 77

wollweberi, 77, 103
Lophortyx californicus, 22

gambeli, 22, 85, 87, 91, 96
Loxia curvirostra americana, 50

curvirostra mexicana, 50

curvirostra stricklandi, 50, 86, 92

M

Macrorhamphus griseus, 19

griseus scolopaceus, 19, 90
Magpie, 45
Mallard, 11

1914

BIRDS OF ARIZONA

127

Mareca americana, 12, 85
Marila affinis, 13, 88

americana, 13, 88

marila, 13, 88

valisineria, 13, 88
Martin, Purple, 62
Meadowlark, Texas, 48

Western, 48
Megascops asio cineraceus, 30

asio trichopsis, 30

aspersus, 30, 109

flammeolus, 30

trichopsis, 30, 110
Meianerpes erythrocephalus, 34, 90
Melanerpes formicivorus, 34

formicivorus aculeatus, 34, 86, 92, 94,
105

formicivorus bairdi, 34

melanopogon, 34

torquatus, 35

uropygialis, 35
Meleagris gallopavo, 23, 110

gallopavo merriami, 23, 85, 87, 93, IK),
111

mexicana, 23
Melopelia asiatica, 23, 118

asiatica trudeaui, 23, 87, 90

leucoptera, 23
Melospiza cinerea fallax, 57

fallax, 57

fasciata fallax, 57

fasciata montana, 57

lincolni lincolni, 58, 88

melodia, 57

melodia fallax, 57, 88, 116

melodia heermanni, 57

melodia merrilli, 58, 90

melodia montana, 57

melodia saltonis, 57, 86, 87, 91, 116
Merganser, American, 11

Hooded, 11

Red-breasted, 11
Merganser americanus, 11

serrator, 11
Mergus americanus, 11, 85

serrator, 11, 88
Merlin, Richardson, 28
Merula migratoria propinqua, 80
Micrathene whitneyi, 31, 98, 100
Micropallas whitneyi, 31, 86, 91, 98, 100, 112,

116
Micropus melanoleucus, 37
Mimus montanus, 72

polyglottus, 73

polyglottus caudatus, 73

polyglottos leucopterus, 73, 86

Mitrephorus fulvifrons pallescens, 43

pallescens, 43
Mockingbird, Western, 73
Molothrus ater, 47

ater obscurus, 47, 86, 91

obscurus, 47, 99

pecoris, 47

pecoris obscurus, 47
Morphnus unicinctus, 25
Myadestes townsendi, 79, 86, 92
Mycteria americana, 15, 87
Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens, 41, 86,
106, 113

cooperi, 40, 99

crinitus cinerascens, 41

lawrencei, 41, 99

lawrencei olivascens, 41, 87, 91, 99, 101

lawrencei olivaceus, 41

magister magister, 40, 87, 90, 99, 101

mexicanus, 41

mexicanus cooperi, 40

mexicanus magister, 40

nuttingi, 41, 106, 113
Myiochanes pertinax pallidiventris, 42, 87,
93

richardsoni richardsoni, 42, 87, 91
Myiodioctes piieolatus, 71

pusillus, 71

pusillus piieolatus, 71
Myiodynastes luteiventris, 40, 87, 93

N

Nannus hiemalis pacificus, 75, 90
Nauclerus furcatus, 96
Nettion carolinense, 12, 88
Nighthawk, Texas, 36, 91

Western, 36
Nisus cooperi, 24

fuscus, 24
Nucifraga Columbiana, 46, 86, 92
Numenius americanus, 21, 89, 117

longirostris, 21
Nuthatch, Red-breasted, 76

Pigmy, 77

Rocky Mountain, 76, 119
Nutcracker, Clarke, 46
Nuttallornis borealis, 42, 87, 92
Nyctale acadica, 29
Nyctiardea gardeni, 16

grisea naevia, 16
Nycticorax nycticorax naevius, 16, 85

Olbiorchilus hiemalis pacificus, 75
Olor columbianus, 15, 88
Oporornis tolmiei, 70, 88

PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA

No. 10

Oreoscoptes montanus, 72, 88
Oreospiza chlorura, 59, 88
Oriole, Arizona Hooded, 49

Bullock 49

Scott, 48
Ornithion imberbe ridgwayi, 44
Ortyx graysoni, 21, 101

ridgwayi, 21

virginianus, 21, 100, 101
Osprey, American, 28
Otocoris alpestris, 44

alpestris actia, 44

alpestris adusta, 44, 86, 87, 91, 105

alpestris aphrasta, 44

alpestris arenicola, 44

alpestris chrysolaema, 44

alpestris enthymia, 44

alpestris leucansiptila, 44, 112

alpestris leucolaema, 44, 88

alpestris occidentalis, 44, 86

alpestris pallida, 44, 86, 87, 91

alpestris praticola, 84
Otocorys arenicola, 44
Otus americanus, 29

brachyotus, 29

asio cineraceus, 30, 86, 92

asio gilmani, 30, 86, 91, 101, 116, 117

t'lammeolus, 30, 87, 93

trichopsis, 30, 87, 93, 109, 116

vulgaris wilsonianus, 29

wilsonianus, 29
Owl, American Barn, 29

American Long-eared, 29, 100

Arizona Spotted, 29

Burrowing, 31

California Pigmy, 100

Elf, 31, 91, 104

Ferruginous Pigmy, 31, 109

Flammulated Screech, 30, 117

Mexican Screech, 30

Rocky Mountain Pigmy, 31

Sahuaro Screech, 30, 91

Saw-whet, 29

Short-eared, 29

Spotted, 100

Spotted Screech, 30, 109, 110

Western Horned, 30

Whitney, 100
Oxyechus vociferus, 21, 85

Pandion carolinensis, 28

haliaetus carolinensis, 28, 89
Panyptila melanoleuca, 37
Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi, 25, 85, 91
Paroides flaviceps, 78

Parrot, Thick-billed, 32, 115
Parus gambeli, 77

inornatus griseus, 77

inornatus ridgwayi, 77

meridionalis, 77, 99

montanus, 77

wollweberi, 77
Passer domesticus, 50, 86, 87
Passerculus alaudinus, 52

bairdi, 52

rostratus rostratus, 52, 90

sandwichensis alaudinus, 52, 88

sandwichensis nevadensis, 52, 86

savanna, 52
Passerella iliaca schistacea, 58, 88

townsendi schistacea, 58
Passerina amoena, 61, 88

ciris, 61, 89

versicolor, 61

versicolor pulchra, 61, 90
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, 11, 88

trachyrhynchus, 11
Pelican, American White, 11
Pelidna alpina sakhalina, 19, 90
Penthestes gambeli gambeli, 77, 86, 92

sclateri, 77, 86, 93, 99
Perisoreus canadensis capitalis, 45, 86, 87,

92, 93
Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons, 62, 88

lunifrons melanogastra, 63, 88

lunifrons tachina, 62

melanogaster, 63, 111
Peucaea aestivalis arizonae, 56

arizonae, 56

botterii, 56, 88, 90

carpalis, 57, 98, 100

cassinii, 56, 57, 88, 90

homochlamys, 57

lincolni, 58

ruficeps boucardi, 57, 103

ruficeps scotti, 57, 104
Peucedramus olivaceus, 68, 86, 93, 94
Pewee, Western Wood, 42
Phaethon aethereus, 10, 90, 113

americanus, 10, 113, 117
Phainopepla, 64

Phainopepla nitens, 64, 86, 91, 100, 102
Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus, 11, 88
Phalaenoptilus nuttalli nitidus, 36, 103

nuttallii nuttallii, 36, 86
Phalarope, Northern, 18

Wilson, 18
Phalaropus lobatus, 18

wilsoni, 18
Phoebe, Black, 41

Say, 41

1914

BIRDS OF ARIZONA

129

Pica caudata hudsonica, 45

hudsonica, 45

pica hudsonia, 45, 90
Picicorvus columbianus, 46, 97
Picoides americanus dorsalis, 34, 86, 87, 92,

93
Picus arizonae, 33, 102

gairdneri, 33

harrisii, 33

pubescens, 33

pubescens gairdneri, 33

scalaris, 33

stricklandi, 33

varius, 34

villosus barrisi, 33
Pigeon, Band-tailed, 23

Passenger, 117

Red-billed, 83
Pintail, 13
Pipilo aberti, 59, 86, 87, 91, 105

arctica, 58

chlorura, 59

erythrophtbalmus, 58

fuscus mesoleucus, 59, 86, 87, 94, 105

maculatus curtatus, 59, 88, 118

maculatus megalonyx, 58

maculatus montanus, 58, 86, 87, 92,
114, 115

megalonyx, 58

mesoleucus, 59, 95

oregonus, 58
Pipit, American, 72
Piranga hepatica, 62, 88, 93

ludoviciana, 62, 88, 92

rubra cooperi, 62, 88, 90
Pisobia bairdi, 19, 89

minutilla, 19, 88, 117
Planesticus migratorius, 80

migratorius propinquus, 80, 86, 92
Platypsaris aglaiae albiventris, 40, 90

albiventris, 40, 104
Plectrophanes maccownii, 52 .

melanomus, 51

ornatus, 51
Plegadis autumnalis, 15

guarauna, 15, 87
Plover, Golden, 83

Mountain, 21

Semipalmated, 21
Podasocys montanus, 21, 88
Podiceps auritus californicus, 9

californicus, 9

cornutus, 81

occidentalis, 9
Podilymbus carolinensis, 9

podiceps, 9, 88

Poecile montanus, 77
Polioptila caerulea, 78

caeruiea obscura, 78, 86, 92

caerulea plumbea, 79

melanura, 79, 99

plumbea, 79, 86, 87, 91, 99, 103
Polyborus audubonii, 28

cheriway, 28, 86, 91

tharus, 28

tharus auduboni, 28
Polytmus rufus, 38
Pooecetes gramineus, 52

gramineus confinis, 52, 86
Poorwill, 36
Poospiza belli, 56

belli nevadensis, 56

bilineata, 56
Porzana Carolina, 17, 85

jamaicensis, 83
Progne purpurea, 62

subis hesperia, 62

subis subis, 62, 88
Protonotaria citrea, 67, 90
Psaltria plumbea, 78, 95
Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi, 78, 112, 119

minimus plumbeus, 78

plumbeus, 78, 86, 87, 104, 119

santaritae, 78, 104, 112
Pseudogryphus californianus, 83
Pterocyanea caeruleata, 12
Ptiliogonys nitens, 64
Pyranga aestiva, 62

aestiva cooperi, 62

azarae, 62

cooperi, 62

hepatica, 62

ludoviciana, 62
Pyrocephalus mexicanus, 43

rubineus, 43

rubinus mexicanus, 43, 86, 91, 97
Pyrrhuloxia, Arizona, 60
Pyrrhuloxia sinuata beckhami, 60

sinuata sinuata, 60, 86, 91

Quail, Desert, 22

Fool, 22

Gambel, 108, 109

Mearns, 22, 116

Scaled, 21
Querquedula carolinensis, 12

cyanoptera, 12, 85

discors, 12, 85

Rail, Black, 83

130

PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA

No. 10

Rail, Light-footed, 17

Virginia, 17

Yellow, 17
Rallus levipes, 17, 90

virginianus, 17, 88
Raven, American, 46

White-necked, 46, 112, 115, 119
Recurvirostra americana, 18, 88
Redhead, 13
Redstart, American, 71

Painted, 72, 111
Regulus calendula calendula, 78, 86, 92

satrapa olivaceus, 85

satrapa satrapa, 85
Rhinogryphus aura, 24
Rhyacophilus solitarius, 20
Rhynchophanes mccowni, 52, 88, 110
Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha, 32, 90, 110
Riparia riparia, 63, 88
Roadrunner, 32
Robin, Western, 80

S
Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus, 74, 86, 87
Sandpiper, Baird, 19

Bartramian, 20

Least, 19

Spotted, 20

Red-backed, 19

Western, 20

Western Solitary, 20
Sapsucker, Red-naped, 34

Williamson, 34
Sarcoramphus papa, 83, 99
Sayornis nigricans, 41, 86

nigricans semiatra, 41

sayus, 41, 86, 91
Scardafella inca, 24, 85, 91, 118
Sciurus tenuirostris, 70
Scolecophagus cyanocephalus, 49

ferrugineus, 49
Scolopax wilsonii, 19
Scops asio, 30

asio maccalli, 30

asio trichopsis, 30, 101

flammeola, 30

mccalli, 30

trichopsis, 30
Seiurus noveboracensis, 70

noveboracensis notabilis, 70, 89
Selasphorus alleni, 38, 90

costae, 37

platycercus, 38, 87

rufus, 38, 89
Setophaga picta, 72, 88, 93, 97, 99, 100

ruticilla, 71, 90
Shoveller, 12

Shrike, Northern, 65

White-rumped, 65
Sialia arctica, 81

currucoides, 81, 86, 92, 115

mexicana, 81

mexicana bairdi, 81, 86, 92, 108

mexicana occidentalis, 81

occidentalis, 81

sialis azurea, 81

sialis fulva, 81, 88
Siskin, Pine, 51
Sitta aculeata, 76

canadensis, 76, 86, 92

carolinensis, 76

carolinensis aculeata, 76

carolinensis nelsoni, 76, 86, 112

pusilla pygmaea, 77

pygmaea pygmaea, 77, 86, 87, 92, 94
Siurus naevius, 70
Snipe, Wilson, 19
Solitaire, Townsend, 79
Sora, 17
Sparrow, Baird, 52

Black-chinned, 54

Botteri, 56

Brewer, 54

Cassin, 57

Clay-colored, 54

Desert, 56

Desert Song, 57

English, 50, 114

Intermediate, 53

Large-billed, 52

Lincoln, 58

Merrill Song, 58

Mountain Song, 57

Nevada Savannah, 52

Rufous-winged, 57, 100

Sage, 56

Scott, 57, 119

Slate-colored Fox, 58

Western Chipping, 54

Western Grasshopper, 53

Western Lark, 53

Western Savannah, 52

Western Tree, 54

Western Vesper, 52

White-crowned, 53
Spatula clypeata, 12, 85
Speotyto cunicularia hypogaea, 31, 86, 87,

91, 116
Sphyrapicus nuchalis, 34

thyroideus, 34, 86, 92, 96

varius, 34

varius nuchalis, 34, 88

williamsonii, 34, 96

1914

BIRDS OF ARIZONA

131

Spinus lawrencei, 51

pinus, 51, 86, 92

psaltria, 51

psaltria arizonae, 51

tristis, 50

tristis pallidus, 50, 105
Spiza americana, 61, 89

amoena, 61
Spizella atroguiaris, 54, 87

breweri, 54, 86

canadensis, 54

evura, 54

monticola, 54

monticola ochracea, 54, 90

pallida, 54, 89

pallida breweri, 54

passerina arizonae, 54, 86

pusio, 54

socialis, 54

socialis arizonae, 54, 97
Steganopus tricolor, 18, 89

wilsoni, 18
Stelgidopteryx serripennis, 64, 88
Stellula calliope, 39, 89
Sterna forsteri, 10, 90

hirundo, 10, 90
Stilt, Black-necked, 18
Strigiceps uliginosus, 29
Strix americana, 29

flammea, 29

flammea americana, 29

occidentalis, 29, 117

occidentalis huachucae, 29, 86, 92, 94,
98, 117

pratincola, 29
Struthus caniceps, 55, 56

oregonus, 55
Sturnella magna hoopesi, 48, 86, 116

magna mexicana, 48

magna neglecta, 48

neglecta, 48, 86
Swallow, Bank, 63

Barn, 63, 109, 111

Cliff, 62, 111

Mexican Cliff, 63

Northern Violet-green, 63

Rough-winged, 64

Tree, 63
Swan, Whistling, 15
Swift, .Vaux, 36

White-throated, 37
Sylvania pusilla, 71

pusilla pileolata, 71

audubonii, 69
Symphemia semipalmata, 20
Syrnium occidentale, 29, 98

Tachycineta bicolor, 63

thalassina, 63

thalassina lepida, 63, 88, 92
Tanager, Cooper, 62

Hepatic, 62

Western, 62
Tangavius aeneus aeneus, 47, 87, 90, 117

aeneus involucratus, 47, 117
Tantalus loculator, 15
Teal, Blue-winged, 12

Cinnamon, 12

Green-winged, 12
Telmatodytes palustris, 75

palustris plesius, 75, 86
Tern, Black, 10

Common, 10

Forster, 10
Thrasher, Bendire, 73, 91, 105, 111

Brown, 73

Crissal, 74, 91, 96, 103

Leconte, 74, 91, 96, 103, 108

Palmer, 73, 91, 104, 105, 106

Sage, 72
Thrush, Dwarf Hermit, 80

Kadiak Hermit, 80

Monterey Hermit, 80

Rocky Mountain Hermit, 80

Russet-backed, 79

Varied, 85

Willow, 79
Thryomanes bewickii bairdi, 75

bewickii drymoecus, 75

bewicki eremophilus, 75, 86, 87

bewicki leucogaster, 75
Thryothorus bewickii, 75

bewickii bairdi, 75

bewicki leucogaster, 75, 100

bewickii murinus, 75

mexicanus, 74

obsoletus, 74
Tinnunculus sparverius, 28
Titmouse, Bridled, 77

Gray, 77

Yellow-headed, 99
Totanus flavipes, 83

melanoleucus, 20, 89

semipalmatus, 20

solitarius, 20
Towhee, Abert, 59

Canyon, 59

Green-tailed, 59, 108

Mountain, 58

Nevada, 59

132

PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA

No. 10

Tcxcstoma bendirei, 73, 86, 87, 91

crissale, 74, 86, 87, 91

curvirostre palmeri, 73, 86, 87, 91, 119

lecontei lecontei, 74, 86, 87, 91

rufum, 73, 90

vetula, 73
Tree-duck, Black-bellied, 14

Fulvous, 15
Tringa alpina pacifica, 19

bairdi, 19

minutilla, 19

pusilla, 20

schinzii, 19
Tringoides bartramius, 20

macularius, 20
Trochilus alexandri, 37

alleni, 38

anna, 38

calliope, 39

costae, 37

platycercus, 38

rufus, 38
Troglodytes aedon, 75

aedon aztecus, 75

aedon marianae, 75

aedon parkmani, 75, 86, 92

domesticus parkmani, 75

obsoletus, 74

parkmanni, 75
Trcgon, Coppery-tailed, 32, 104
Trogcn ambiguus, 32, 87, 93, 94, 104, 112
Tropic-bird, Red-billed, 10, 117

Yellow-billed, 113
Turdus aonalascbkae, 80

aonalaschkae auduboni, 80

fuscescens salicicolus, 79

guttatus auduboni, 80

migrator ius, 80

migratorius propinquus, 80

naevius, 85

nanus, 80

pallasi auduboni, 80

pallasi nanus, 80

unalascae, 80

unalascae auduboni, 80

ustulatus, 79
Turkey, Merriam, 23

Mexican, 110

Water, 114
Tyrannula saya, 41
Tyrannus verticalis, 40, 87, 90

vociferans, 40, 86, 92

U

Uranomitra salvini, 39, 90, 114
Urinator lumme, 9

Urubitinga anthracina, 26, 85, 102, 112

V

Verdin, 78, 91, 99

Vermivcra celata celata, 67, 88

celata lutescens, 68, 89

celata crestera, 67, 114

luciae, 67, 88, 90

rubricapilla gutturalis, 67, 89

virginiae, 67, 88, 92
Vireo, Arizona, 66

Cassin, 65

Gray, 66

Plumbeous, 66

Red-eyed, 65

Stephens, 66

Western Warbling, 65
Vireo bellii, 66

belli arizonae, 66, 88, 90

belli pusillus, 66

gilvus, 65

gilvus swainsoni, 65

huttoni, 66

huttoni stephensi, 66, 86, 87, 92, 94, 116

olivaceus, 65

plumbeus, 66, 96

pusillus, 66

solitarius, 65

solitarius cassini, 65

solitarius plumbeus, 66

swainsoni, 65

vicinior, 66, 88, 91, 96, 102
Vireosylva gilva swainsoni, 65, 88, 91, 116

clivacea, 65, 90
Vireosylvia plumbea, 66

solitaria, 65
Vulture, California, 109

King, 83

Turkey, 24, 109

W

Warbler, Audubon, 69
Black-fronted, 69
Black-throated Gray, 69
Black-throated Green, 70
Calaveras, 67
California Yellow, 68
Golden Pileolated, 71
Grace, 69
Hermit, 70
Lucy, 67, 91, 116
Lutescent, 68
Macgillivray, 70
Myrtle, 69

Olive, 68, 108, 114, 118
Orange-crowned, 67 .

1914

BIRDS OF ARIZONA

133

Warbler, Pileolated, 71
Prothonotary, 67, 113

Red-faced, 72, 104

Sonora Yellow, 68, 91

Townsend, 70

Virginia, 67

Wilson, 84
Water-thrush, Alaska, 70
Waxwing, Bohemian, 64

Cedar, 64
Whip-poor-will, Stephens, 36, 111
Willet, Western, 20
Wilsonia pusilla chryseola, 71, 89

pusilla pileolata, 71, 88, 92

pusilla pusilla, 84
Woodpecker, Alpine Three-toed, 34

Arizona, 33

Batchelder, 33

Cactus, 33

Gila, 35

Lewis, 35, 111

Mearns, 34

Red-headed, 34

White-breasted, 33

White-headed, 84
Wren, Cactus, 74, 91, 106, 111

Canyon, 74

Desert, 75

Parkman, 75

Rock, 74

Western Marsh, 75

Wren, Western Winter, 75
White-bellied, 100

Xanthocephalus icterocephalus, 47
longipes, 47

xanthocephalus, 47, 86
Xenopicus albolarvatus, 84

Yeliowlegs, 83

Greater, 20
Yellowthroat, Tule, 71

Western, 70

Z

Zamelodia ludoviciana, 60, 90

melanocephala melanocephala, 60, 88, 92
Zenaidura carolinensis, 23

macroura, 23

macroura carolinensis, 23, 118

macroura marginella, 23, 85
Zonotrichia blandingiana, 59

cassini, 57
. fallax, 57, 95

gambelii, 53

graminea, 52

intermedia, 53

leucophrys, 53

leucophrys gambeli, 53, 88

leucophrys intermedia, 53

leucophrys leucophrys, 53, 87, 92, 93

COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB

PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA
NUMBER 10

A DISTRIBUTIONAL LIST OF THE
BIRDS OF ARIZONA

BY

HARRY S. SWARTH

CONTRIBUTION FROM THE MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY
OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA

PUBLISHED BY THE CLUB

May 25, 1914

PRICE LIST
COOPER CLUB PUBLICATIONS

THE CONDOR

'Bulletin of the Cooper Ornithological Club"
No complete volume on hand

Vol. II, 1900 Complete ....... 5.00

Vol. Ill, 1901 " - - - - - - 5.00

Vol. IV, 1902 " ...... 3.00

Vol. V, 1903 " - - - - - - 2.00

Vol. VI, 1904 --.... 2.00

Vol. VII, 1905 " ---... 2.00

Vol. VIII, 1906 " ------ 1.50

Vol. IX, 1907 " - - - - - - 1.50

Vol. X, 1908 " ------ 1.50

Vol. XI, 1909 " - - - - - - 1.50

Vol. XII, 1910 " - - - - - 1.50

Vol. XIII, 1911 "-...-.- 2.00

Vol. XIV, 1912 " - - - - - - 1.50

Vol. XV, 1913 " - - - 1.50

Vol. XVI, 1914 Current - - - - - - 1.50

PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA

No. 1, 1900 Birds of the Kotzebue Sound Region, Alaska; 80 pp. and map 75c

By J. Grinned

No. 2, 1901 Land Birds of Santa Cruz County, California; 22 pp. - - 25c

By R. C. McGregor

3, 1902 Check-List of California Birds; 100 pp. and 2 maps - - $1.50

By J. Grinneix

4, 1904 Birds of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona; 75 pp. - - 50c

By II. S. Swarth

5, 1909 A Bibliography of California Ornithology; 166 pp. - - $1.50

By J. GrinnKLI.

6, 1909 Ten-Year Index to The Condor; 48 pp. - - - - $1.00

By H. B. Kaeding

7, 1912 Birds of the Pacific Slope of Southern California; 122 pp. $1.50

By G. WH.LKTT

8, 1912 A Systematic List of the Birds of California; 23 pp. - - 50c

By J. GrinnELI.

9, 1913 The Birds of the Fresno District; 114 pp. - - - $1.50

By J. G. Tyler

10, 1914 Distributional List of the Birds of Arizona; 133 pp. and map $1.50

By H. S. Swarth

Address W. LEE CHAMBERS, Business Manager
Eagle Rock, Los Angeles Co., California