PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

VOL. II.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CALIFORNIA.

J. D. WHITNEY, STATE GEOLOGIST.

PALEONTOLOGY,

VOLUME II.

CRETACEOUS AND TERTIARY FOSSILS.

BT W. M. GABB.

PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATURE OF CALIFORNIA.

1869.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGES

PREFACE (BY J. D. WHITNEY), -. vji xjv

SECTION I.

PART I. — DESCRIPTION OF THE TERTIARY INVERTEBRATE FOSSILS, . 1 — 38
II. — TERTIARY INVERTEBRATE FOSSILS — CONTINUED, . . . 39 — 63
III. — SYNOPSIS OF THE TERTIARY INVERTEBRATE FOSSILS OF CAL
IFORNIA, .......... 67 — 124

SECTION II.

PART I. — DESCRIPTION OF NEW, AND KEVISIOJT OF PREVIOUSLY DE
SCRIBED, CRETACEOUS FOSSILS, 127 — 205

II. — SYNOPSIS OF ALL THE DESCRIBED INVERTEBRATE CRETACEOUS

FOSSILS OF CALIFORNIA AND THE ADJACENT STATES, . 209 — 254

SECTION III.

DESCRIPTION OF CRETACEOUS FOSSILS, COLLECTED BY A. EEMOND, AT

ARIVECHI, SONORA, MEXICO, 257 — 276

INDEX, . . . .'.•--.-*. 277—299

PREFACE.

VOLUME I of the Palaeontology of California was issued in
1864, the preface bearing date September of that year. It
contained descriptions of the Carboniferous and Jurassic fos
sils by Mr. Meek, and of the Triassic and Cretaceous by Mr.
Gabb, and is illustrated by thirty-two plates. The present
volume is devoted to the Tertiary and Cretaceous palaeontol
ogy, and is entirely the work of Mr. Gabb. At the time the
first volume of the Palaeontology was published — which was
also the first of our Report — it was thought that the whole of
our material in this department of the Survey would be com
prised in two volumes. Events have proved, however, as might
perhaps have been foreseen, that at least three volumes will
be required for the proper exposition of our palaeontological
results. The Cretaceous and Tertiary invertebrate material
alone requires a volume by itself, and for a third, and pos
sibly a fourth, we have still such additions as have been made
to the Jurassic and Triassic, as well as all the fossil plants of
various ages, and the vertebrate remains, chiefly of fresh
water and land animals, and of Tertiary age ; besides these,
are the microscopic fossil organisms, both marine and fresh
water, which are interesting, arid will require considerable
space for their illustration.

In the preface of Volume I of the Palaeontology, a brief

( vii)

Vlll PREFACE.

synopsis of the field-work of the Survey was giveo, up to the
close of the year 1863. In Geology Vol. I, a synopsis of the
operations of the Survey was given up to the date of Novem
ber, 1865, which is that of the preface of the volume. For
the convenience of those who may possess the palaeontological
volumes of the Report only, the resume" of our work given in
Volume I of that series, will here be continued, in as concise
a manner as possible, up to the date of the suspension of the
field-work in 1867, the failure of the Legislature of 1867—68
to make an appropriation for the continuance of the Survey,
having compelled us to bring our active operations to a close.
The question of the resumption of the field-work is one to be
decided by a future Legislature.

The party under the direction of Professor Brewer, men
tioned in the Preface of the Palaeontology, Vol. I, as being in
the field at the time of its publication, and which commenced
operations in May, proceeded across the plains of the San
Joaquin to Visalia, from which point they entered the Sierra,
ascending King's River to its source, and exploring the whole
region about the headwaters of that and Kern River. Thence
they made their way across the range by a pass over 12,000
feet high; passed up Owen's Valley, ascended the west branch
of Owen's River, crossing the Sierra again at an altitude of
12,400 feet, and thence descending to the head of the San
Joaquin River. The exploration was continued through the
region of the headwaters of that stream and the Merced, con
necting the reconnoissance with that of 1863 around the
sources of the Tuolumne. The whole expedition occupied
about three months, during which time the geography and
geology of a district including an area of over 10,000 square
miles were, for the first time, explored, the whole region
having previously been entirely unknown. The results

PREFACE. ix

proved to be of the greatest interest, disclosing the fact that
this was the highest part of the Sierra Nevada, and that it
embraced the loftiest mountains and the grandest scenery
yet discovered within the territory of the United States. For
the details of this reconnoissance, reference may be made to
Chapter X of Volume I of the Geology.

Mr. Gabb was in the field in Northern California, South
ern Oregon and Idaho, from June 1st, 1864, to about the
middle of October. During that expedition he obtained in
formation and specimens proving the existence of the Cre
taceous formation on Crooked River — a branch of the Des
Chutes — the first discovery of rocks of this age anywhere to
the east of the Cascade Range, as noticed in this volume,
page 181.

Very little field-work was done during this year, or the next
(in 186-5), in regions where fossiliferous rocks occur. Mr.
Remond, during his explorations between the Merced and
Stanislaus Rivers, in 1865, made for the purpose of work
ing up the detailed geology of that region, discovered several
new localities of Jurassic fossils, along the line of outcrop of
the fossiliferous belt, previously noticed by different members
of the Survey, as occurring on the Mariposa Estate. Several
new species were found, which still remain to be worked up.
During a portion of the year 1865 Mr. Gabb was employed
in revising the palaeontologies! materials of the Survey ; but,
owing to the limited appropriation by the Legislature of
1863—64, the field-work was necessarily on a very small
scale.

A larger amount of money ($15,000 a year, for two years)
having been granted by the Legislature of 1865—66, the work
was taken up again more vigorously at the beginning of 1866.
Mr. Gabb, assisted by Mr. F. E. Brown, commenced early in

PAL. VOL. II. — U

X PREFACE.

the year an exploration of the southern Coast Ranges, partly
with the view of completing the palaeontological collections
in the Tertiary groups, and partly with the intention of
working up the geology of the region, in which, at that time,
a large amount of money was being expended for the purpose
of ascertaining the value of the bituminous materials occur
ring there. This party continued in the field from January
to June, adding largely to our knowledge of the geology of
Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, and San Luis Obispo counties,
and to our collection of Tertiary fossils.

Mr. Gabb continued his work northward from the Bay of
San Francisco, accompanied by Mr. F. Coffee, during the
months from July to November, and explored a large por
tion of Sonoma, Mendocino, and Humboldt counties, a
region of sedimentary rocks, chiefly of Cretaceous age, but
not rich in fossils.

A party was at work during this summer in the High
Sierra, in Mariposa and Tuolumne counties, under the
charge of Mr. King ; but their operations were exclusively
confined to a region of granitic and volcanic rocks, and no
additions were made by them to our palseontological ma
terials.

Another party, under my own charge, in Plumas County,
during the same summer, made a pretty careful exploration
of the fossiliferous localities around Genesee Valley, and col
lected some new species. They were not successful, how
ever, in finding, in Plumas County, any new localities of im
portance, although the region was pretty carefully examined.
A party, under Mr. D'Heureuse, was also in the field during
the summer of 1866, in Kern County, but not in a fossilifer
ous region.

In 1867 there was no work done in the fossiliferous forma-

PREFACE. Xi

tions of California. The field-work was continued in Kern,
Tulare, and Inyo Counties, by Mr. D'Heureuse and party; by
Mr. Hoffmann and party in Mariposa and Tuolumne, and by
Mr. Wackenreuder in the High Sierra, between Alpine and
Plumas. Mr. Gabb, accompanied by Messrs. Wilson, Lohr,
and Poston, explored the White Mountain Range, on the
borders of California and Nevada. They continued their
work east into the latter State (not at the expense of Cali
fornia), carrying their topographical and geological .recon-
noissance as far as the 116th meridian, including a large
portion of the area between the 37th and 39th parallels.
They continued in the field until the end of October, as long
as the season would permit. Their collections embraced a
considerable number of fossils of various geological ages, from
Lower Silurian to Triassio.

A part of these was unfortunately lost in transitu ; of the
remainder, a portion has been worked up by Mr. Gabb, and
the results will be published in the Conchological Journal.
All the Palaeozoic fossils collected by the Survey, together
with a considerable amount of palaeontological material from
rocks of this age, collected by different members of the
corps, and a considerable number of interesting specimens
contributed by others, have been placed in Mr. Meek's hands
for examination, with a view to future publication of the
results by the Survey, or otherwise. We are especially in
debted to Mr. J. E. Clayton for an interesting collection from
Silver Peak and vicinity, and to Mr. S. S. Lyon for one
from the neighborhood of Pahranagat. Mr. Gorham Blake
and Mr. A. Blatchly have also contributed valuable Palaeo
zoic fossils (as well as Triassic and Jurassic), from various
localities in Nevada.

The occurrence of rocks of Upper and Lower Silurian

Xll PREFACE.

age iii Nevada was first made known by the Geological Sur
vey, in the Proceedings of the California Academy (see Vol.
Ill, p. 307) in 1866. Previous to that, in May of the same
year, a synopsis of what was known in regard to the age of
the stratified rocks of Nevada, was communicated to the
same Academy (see Proceedings, Vol. Ill, p. 266). The
collections received from Nevada at various times, together
with the results obtained by myself in three visits to the
State, and the important work of Mr. Gabb and party in
1867, have given us a pretty good idea of the geological
structure of Western and Southwestern Nevada. The " Sur
vey of the 40th Parallel," organized by the U. S. Engineer
Office in 1868, and placed in charge of Mr. C. King, formerly
of the California Survey, will give us a large amount of de
tailed and reliable information in regard to the northern and
eastern portions of the State, and it only remains to work up
the southeastern corner, a very interesting region, but one
difficult of exploration. To this part of the State I had
hoped to be able to send a party during the summer of 1868;
but circumstances have rendered it impossible for me to carry
out my plans.

At the meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, held
at Northampton, in August last, Mr. Gabb read a paper giv
ing the results obtained by himself in working over the col
lections of the Geological Survey, in reference to the subdi
visions and palaBontological relations of the Cretaceous and
Tertiary rocks of California. In this paper Mr. Gabb pro
poses a new division of the Cretaceous of the Pacific coast,
which is referred to in the body of the present volume, and
the leading features of which may here be succinctly stated.

The Cretaceous formation is found covering large areas on
the West Coast, from Vancouver and the adjacent islands of

PREFACE. Xlil

the San Juan Archipelago, on the north, through Washing
ton Territory and Oregon to Southern California, as well as
isolated patches in Eastern Oregon and in Mexico. Except
that in Mexico, which seems to be an extension of one of the
best-known members of the Texan Group, it is divided into
four groups, as follows :

1st. The Tejon Group, the most modern member, the Di
vision B. of Palaeontology, Vol. I, is peculiar to California.
It is found most extensively developed in the vicinity of Fort
Tejon and about Martinez. From the latter locality it forms
an almost continuous belt in the Coast Ranges to Marsh's,
fifteen miles east of Monte Diablo, where it sinks under the
San Joaquin plain. It was also discovered, by the different
members of the Survey, at various points on the eastern face
of the same range, as far south as New Idria, and, in the
summer of 1866, by Mr. Gabb, in Mendocino County, near
Round Valley, the latter locality being the most northern
point at which it is as yet known. It is the only coal-pro
ducing formation in California.

This group contains a large and highly characteristic series
of fossils, the larger part peculiar to itself, while a considerable
percentage is found extending below into the next group,
arid several species still further down into the Chico Group.
Mr. Gabb considers it as the probable equivalent of the
Maestricht beds of Europe.

2d. The Martinez Group is proposed provisionally, to in
clude a series of beds, of small geographical extent, found at
Martinez and on the northern flank of Monte Diablo. It
may eventually prove to be worthy of ranking only as a sub
division of the Chico Group.

3d. The Chico Group is one of the most extensive and im
portant members of the Pacific coast Cretaceous. Its exact

XIV PREFACE.

relations with the formation in Europe have not yet been
fully determined, though it is on the horizon of either the
Upper or Lower Chalk, and may probably prove to be the
equivalent of both. It is extensively represented in Shasta
and Butte counties, and in the foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada
as far south as Folsom, occurring also on the eastern face of
the Coast Ranges bordering the Sacramento Valley, at Mar
tinez, and again in Orestimba Canon, in Stanislaus County.
It includes all of the known Cretaceous of Oregon and of
the extreme northern portion of California, and is the coal-
bearing formation of Vancouver's Island.

4th. The Shasta Group is a provisional name, proposed to
include a series of beds of different ages, but which, from our
imperfect knowledge of the subject, cannot yet be separated;
it includes all below the Chico Group. It contains fossils,
seemingly representing ages from the Gault to the Neocom-
ien, inclusive, and is found principally in the mountains west
and northwest of the Sacramento Valley. Two or three of
its characteristic fossils have been found in the vicinity of
Monte Diablo, and one of the same species has been sent
from Washington Territory, east of Puget Sound. Few, or
none, of its fossils are known to extend upwards into the
Chico Group.

J. D. WHITNEY.

CAMBRIDGE, MASS., February, 1869.

NOTE.— Section 1, Part 1, was issued in February, 1866 ; the remainder of this
volume was laid before the Philadelphia Academy, in a printed form, in December,
1868.

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

VOL. II.

SECTION I.

TERTIARY INVERTEBRATE FOSSILS.

PART I.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES.

(zv)

TERTIARY INVERTEBRATE FOSSILS.

CANCER L.

C. BREWERII, n. s.

PI. 1, Fig. 1.

HAND shorter, more robust and broader proportionally than
that of C. magister, Dana; upper margin flattened and bordered
by two well-defined ridges, each bearing about four tubercles;
outer surface marked by five nearly obsolete ridges minutely
tuberculated ; fingers shorter than in (7. magister, the movable
one more curved and both with the denticles nearly obsolete.

Figure, natural size.

Locality: Near Santa Barbara. Pliocene. Collected by Professor Brewer.

A single well-preserved hand, and some fragments were found by Professor
Brewer, all in one locality, on tbe Cayeguas Kanch. The hand resembles closely
that of the common coast species, in its principal features; but its broader and
more robust form, the absence of the marked serration on the back, and the
curved finger, sufficiently distinguish it.

TRIPTERA, Quoy and Gaimard.

T. CLAVATA, 11. 8.
PI. 1, Fig. 2.

SHELL small, subangulated on the sides, compressed and slightly
constricted in the upper part, nearly elliptical in section below,
pointed at the tip. Surface smooth or marked by a few very
faint transverse undulations. Length about .3 inch.

PAL. VOL. II. — 2

2 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

Locality and position: From the Miocene, in a boulder near Griswold's, in the
Coast Eange, on the road to New Idria.

But a single specimen was found in a boulder, associated with Pecten caurinus,
Area microdonta, &c., and some other species, mostly indeterminate. I could
detect no trace of the terminal septum, but this may be due to the extreme thin
ness of the shell and a portion of the interior being filled with crystals.

TROPHON, Montf.

T. PONDEROSUM, 11. 8.
PI. 1, Fig. 3.

SHELL moderate in size, robust, thick; spire sub-elevated;
whorls five, angulated in the middle, sloping above; suture
irregularly impressed. Surface marked by eight or nine blunt
varices, prominent and acute on the angle of the whorl, and com
monly becoming more or less obsolete above and below; in the
upper whorls the varices are replaced by mere elevated ribs,
which become smaller until in the first three volutions they barely
exist as undulations. Aperture broad; canal open, short, slightly
recurved; columellar lip heavily incrusted ; outer lip entire, sub-
acute. Umbilicus well marked, but closed.

Figure, natural size.

Localities and positions: From the Pliocene of Barker's Pass; also from the
Miocene at Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County; and Griswold's, Monterey
County, on the road to New Idria.

This fine species resembles somewhat T. Belcherii, Hinds, now living on the
Coast, but can be at once distinguished by its smaller size, lower spire, broader
and more robust form, and by the number and character of the varices. Some
very much mutilated specimens from Griswold's, probably referable to the present
species, have a row of prominent tubercles on the body whorl about half an inch
below the angle.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 3

NEPTUNEA, Bolten.

Ckrysodomus, Swains.
1ST. RECURVA, n. s.

^.: PI. 1, Fig. 4.

SHELL of modeiate size, fusiform; spire elevated, about as long
as the mouth; whorls seven or eight (?) rounded on the sides,
suture impressed. Surface marked by numerous, regular, rounded
revolving ribs, with acute interspaces ; these ribs sometimes show
a tendency to alternation in size; the upper whorls sometimes,
though not in all specimens, show a few faint longitudinal ribs.
Aperture broad in the middle, narrowed in advance ; lips simple ;
canal long, narrow, and very strongly recurved.

Figure, natural size.

Localities: Abundant in the Miocene at the Arroyo San Antonio, near Tomales
Bay. Also found in the same formation at Foxin's Ranch, in Santa Barbara
County, on the El Toro Ranch, and near Griswold's, in Monterey County; and in
Morgan Valley, Lake County.

This strongly-marked species seems to be peculiar to the middle and upper por
tions of the Miocene formation.

It is allied to N. (Fusus) exilis, Con., of the Virginia Miocene (see Foss. Tert.
Form. pi. 49, fig. 6) ; but the mouth is proportionally larger, the canal is more
recurved, and it wants the "longitudinal rounded ribs" of that species. The re
volving ribs in this species also are markedly rounded, while in the Eastern shell
they are described as acute.

METULA, H. and A. Adams.

?M. REMONDII, n. s.

PL 1, Fig. 5.

SHELL broadly fusiform, spire elevated; whorls four or five (?)
subangulated ; suture impressed. Surface marked by numerous
small revolving ribs, rounded with acute interspaces, and more

4 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

or less regularly alternating in size; these ribs are crossed by
strong lines of growth, so as to present in some specimens an ap
proach to a regular reticulation. Body whorl three-fourths of
the whole length of the shell, broadly and regularly convex in
the middle, with usually a revolving depression just below the
suture; sometimes this groove or depression is replaced by a flat
space. Mouth long and narrow; inner lip slightly incrusted;
outer lip unknown; canal straight.

Figure, natural size.

Locality and position: From the Miocene of Arroyo San Antonio, near Tomales
Bay.

The specimens are all preserved in a very hard gray sandstone, and I have
been unable to expose the outer lip, so as to ascertain whether the characters exist
on which the authors have mainly depended in instituting the genus. The form
of the shell, however, and all the other characters are so nearly in accordance
with their type, that I have ventured to place the species under their generic
name provisionally.

CLAVELLA, Swains.

C. GRAVIDA, n. 8.
PI. 1, Fig. 6.

SHELL short, robust; spire moderately elevated, whorls five,
suture channelled; body whorl bordered above by a strongly
marked rim, adjoining the suture, and which extends to the
upper whorls, though less distinctly marked ; below this band is
a slight depression of variable depth, and from that the volution
swells rapidly. Surface marked by two or three rows of nodes
on the middle of the whorl, and by fine revolving lines. Aper
ture broad in the middle, narrowing in advance; canal moderate,
slightly twisted ; inner lip slightly incrusted.

Figure, natural size.

Localities: From the Miocene; abundant south of Martinez, where it was col
lected by Dr. Fish and Mr. Mathewson. Also figured in the Pacific Railroad

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 5

Report, Vol. 5, J>1. 7, Fig. 63, from Ocoyo or Poso Creek, Tulare County, where
cabts were found.

It is possible that the specimens figured as No. 67, on the same plate, under the
name of Natica geniculata, Con., may belong to this species, though the drawing
is too imperfect for a satisfactory determination.

C. SINUATA, n. 8.
PL 1, Fig. 7.

SHELL elongated, rather slender; spire low, convex; whorls
four; suture deeply channelled, bordered by a thickened rim;
body whorl convex in the middle, broadly grooved above, and
excavated below. Surface marked by numerous fine revolving
lines, and in the upper whorls by numerous radiating ribs.
Aperture long and narrow; columellar lip sinuous, slightly in-
crusted; outer lip simple; canal slightly recurved.

Figure, natural size.

Locality : From the Miocene of Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County. Rare.
But two specimens of this curious shell have been found ; one of which is of the
size figured, the other not more than half as large.

PLEUROTOMA, Lam.

Tunis, Bolt., not Humph.

P. (SURCULA) CARPENTERIANA.

PL 1, Fig. 8.
(P. (S.) Carpenteriana, Gubb; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nut. Sci., 1865, p. 183.)

SHELL large, fusiform; spire about as long as the mouth;
whorls eight, subflattened- on the sides, slightly concave near
the suture, and very slightly convex below; suture impressed
Surface marked by numerous fine revolving ribs, rounded and
sometimes alternating in size, especially on the lower part of the
body whorl. Aperture narrow; inner lip faintly incrusted; outer

6 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

lip acute; sinus very broad and shallow; canal moderate, slightly
twisted.

Figure, natural size.

Locality: From the Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara.

This beautiful species is also found living on the coast of California, a beach
specimen having been found at San Diego, and another dead specimen was
dredged by Dr. Cooper, at a depth of 120 fathoms, in the same vicinity. The
colors, when living, are a brownish-orange, with broken revolving bands of a
light reddish-brown ; these bands usually occur on the larger ribs, and are most
closely placed on the middle of the shell.

In my description, above quoted, I inadvertently mentioned two fossil speci
mens. Only one has yet been found, but that is the most perfect specimen yet
known of the species, except in color.

P. (S.) TRYONIANA, n. s.

PI. 1, Fig. 9, and 9 a.

SHELL large, fusiform; spire about as long as the mouth;
whorls about seven or eight, angulated in the middle, sloping
concavely above, and very slightly convex below. Surface orna
mented by a row of nodes on the angle of the whorl, and by
numerous fine revolving ribs. Aperture narrow; inner lip
slightly sinuous and incrusted; posterior sinus of outer lip
broad and shallow ; canal moderate, nearly straight.

Figures, natural size.

Locality: From the Post-Pliocene of Sail Pedro

This shell is closely allied to the preceding ; but can be at once separated from
it by the angulation of the whorls and the presence of the tubercles. The out
line drawing, fig. 9 a, is restored from the lines of growth for the purpose of
showing the form of the lip. The species has not, as yet, been found living.

P. (S.) PERVERSA.

PI. 1, Fig. 10.
(P. (S.) perversa, Gabb; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1805, p. 183.)

SHELL small, sinistral, elongate, slender; spire high, apex
usually bent to one side; whorls eleven to twelve, convex,

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 7

two nuclear whorls rather loosely twisted and more convex than
the others; suture deep; body whorl nearly half of the entire
length of the shell. Aperture broadest in the middle, narrowing
regularly in advance; inner lip moderately incrusted; outer lip
simple; sinus rather broad, shallow, rounded, and adjoining the
suture; canal of variable length, often much larger than in the
specimen figured. Color, in living specimens, a light reddish-
brown.

Figure, natural size.

Locality: San Pedro, from the Post-Pliocene; not rare. Also found living, by
Dr. Cooper, at a depth of sixty fathoms, off Santa Catalina Island.

P. VOYI, n. s.

PI. 1, Fig. 11.

SHELL somewhat resembling the preceding species, but dextral
and much broader; spire elevated; whorls perhaps seven or
eight (apex broken), very convex; suture deep. Surface smooth,
or only marked by lines of growth. Aperture broad; inner lip
incrusted; outer lip acute; posterior sinus deep, rounded at the
base, placed a little distance from the suture; canal Rightly bent.

Figure, very slightly magnified; about one-fourth inch longer than the spe

cimen.

Locality: Found by Mr. Voy near Humboldt Bay, below Bear River, Humboldt
County: Miocene or Pliocene (?).

CLATHURELLA, Carpenter.
Defrancia, Millet, non Mull.

C. CONRADIANA, n. S.
PI. 1, Fig. 12.

SHELL small, robust, broadly fusiform; spire high; whorls
seven and a half, the first smooth and round, the remainder an-

8 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

gulated ; concave above, convex on the side ; suture very indis
tinct. Surface marked by ten or twelve large, rounded, radiating
ribs, crossed by square elevated ribs, with sometimes smaller
ones interposed ; on the upper or concave portion of the whorl
are six or seven fine linear revolving ribs ; of the large revolving
ribs, three or four only appear on the upper whorls, the body
volution showing about fourteen. Aperture narrow; inner lip
thinly incrusted; outer lip acute on the edge, thickened behind;
posterior sinus narrow, deep, oblique, bordered by a thickened
rim and almost adjoining the suture.

Figure, nearly four times the length of the specimen.

Locality: Not common, in the Post-Pliocene of Santa Barbara.

Specimens resembling this, but differing a little in the minute details of sculp
ture, were found by Dr. Cooper, in dredging off the shores of Santa Catalina
Island. They should probably be placed under the same specific name.

RANELLA, Lam.

R. MATHEWSONII, n. s.

PL 2, Fig. 13.

SHELL moderate in size, robust, sub-compressed; spire high;
number of whorls unknown ; suture strongly impressed, bordered
by a small, though abrupt truncation of the succeeding whorl ;
varices prominent, rounded, continuous. Mouth small; inner
lip heavily incrusted; canal abruptly recurved. Surface marked
by numerous, rounded, longitudinal ribs, crossed by square re
volving ribs, with smaller ones interposed, and with flat inter
spaces.

Figure, natural size.

Locality and position : From the Miocene, south of Martinez ; a single specimen
found by Mr. Mathewson.

This shell can be at once distinguished by its compact form and the alternating
revolving ribs. No allied species, either fossil or recent, has been found in Cali
fornia.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 9

CUMA, Humph.

C. BIPLICATA, D. 8.
PL 2, Fig. 14.

SHELL small, thick, angular; spire elevated; sides nearly
straight, ahout as long as the mouth, in very old specimens a
little longer; whorls five and a half to six, the first two smooth
and round, the others concave and sloping ahove; suture faint,
covered by a thin layer from the succeeding whorl; body whorl
prominent and subangulated in the middle, bordered by a marked,
angular rib at the top, which passes up on the preceding whorls;
ornamented on the sides by about twelve short longitudinal no
dose ribs, and by about eight or nine smaller revolving ribs, the
uppermost of which crosses the top -of the longitudinal ribs;
these revolving ribs become fainter in front, until on the ante
rior fourth of the shell they are nearly obsolete. Aperture broad,
angular above; columellar lip heavily incrusted; outer lip simple;
canal slightly bent. Umbilicus broad, imperforate, bordered by
two very strong oblique revolving ridges; anterior sinus deep,
narrow, and oblique.

Figure, natural size.

Locality andposition: Not rare in the Miocene, south of Martinez, where it has
been collected by Mr. Mathewson and Mr. Voy.

ANCILLARIA, Lam.
A. FISHII, n. s.

PL 2, Fig. 15.

SHELL small, broad; spire high; whorls six; suture covered.
Aperture narrow, acute posteriorly, broad in advance; inner lip
moderately incrusted, with a single small fold in advance; outer
lip acute, anterior sinus deep.

PAL. VOL. II. — 3

10 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA

Figure, natural size.

Locality and position: From the Miocene, south of Martinez. C: lle&ted by Dr.
Fish, of Martinez, and Mr. Mathewson.

This shell has few tangible characters except the high, acute spire, and the
general outline. The small mouth will at once distinguish it from Oiivella bipli-
cata, and its size, from 0. Pcdroana (boctica of Carpenter).

COLUMBELLA, Lam.
S. G. Alia, H. and A. Ad.

C. (A.) RlCHTHOFENI, 11. 8.
PL 2, Fig. 16.

SHELL elongated, slender, subfusiforrn ; spire high; whorls five
and a half to six, slightly convex on the sides; suture deep.
Surface smooth, or marked only by irregular, stray lines of
growth, except on the anterior part, where there are a few ob
lique revolving lines. Aperture subquadrate; inner lip incrusted
and bearing a few linear folds or teeth anteriorly ; outer lip thick
ened and crenulate within; canal narrow and slightly curved.

Figure, magnified ; length of largest specimen about .5 inch.

Localities and position: From the Pliocene, on the Russian River, collected by
Baron F. Von Richthofen, and from the same formation in San Francisco County,
in the bluffs on the coast, by M. Remond.

NEVERITA, Risso.

N. CALLOSA, n. S.
PL 2, Fig. 17, 17 a, 17 b.

SHELL obliquely subglobose, compact; spire very small; whorls
four and a half, almost completely hidden; suture sharp; body
whorl broadly convex. Aperture narrow, very oblique, acute
behind, round in advance; outer lip simple; inner lip covered by
an unusually heavy callus which covers the umbilicus, is emav-

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 11

giuate above the umbilical region, and nea: the lower edge is
marked by an oblique groove.

Figures, 17 and 17 a, natural size; 17 b, magnified view from above.

Locality: Walnut Creek, from the Miocene. A form somewhat resembling this
has been found by Dr. Cooper at San Pedro; but it differs in the spire being more-
developed, and in the body whorl being less oblique and more expanded laterally.

CANCELLABLE, Lam.
S. Gen. jEuclia, H. and A. Ad.

C. (E.) TRITONIDEA, 11. S.
PL 2, Fig. 18.

SHELL large, robust; spire elevated, nearly as long as the
mouth ; whorls five, the first two and a half round and smooth,
others bluntly angulated and descending straight, or with a
slightly convex slope above ; suture irregular, nearly obliterated
by small lamellae passing up from the succeeding whorls, in
continuation of the lines of growth. Surface marked by a series
of blunt nodes on the angles of the whorls, from which ribs or
ridges, very irregularly dispersed, run to the suture above and
downwards almost to the base of the shell; these are crossed by
a large number of irregular revolving ribs of small size. Aper
ture suboval, broadest towards the base; inner lip heavily
incrusted, bearing two large and one or two smaller folds.
Umbilicus covered. Canal almost obsolete, slightly bent back
wards.

Figure, natural size.

Locality : Picked up on the beach near San Pedro, by Dr. Cooper, and supposed
to have washed out of the Post-Pliocene beds of that locality. This opinion is
strengthened by the appearance of the specimen, it resembling in every respect a
fossil, rather than a mere beach specimen of a living shell ; and, in addition to
that, no such shell, or even a fragment, has ever been found to indicate that tho
species may still be living.

12 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

C. (E.) VETUSTA, n. s.

PI. 2, Fig. 19.

SHELL small, spire not so long as the mouth; whorls five or
five and a half, increasing rapidly in size, angulated and trun
cated above, sloping convexly inwards below ; suture moderately
well marked, undulated. Surface marked by longitudinal ribs
commencing at the suture, passing obliquely backwards to the
angle, and then downwards to the anterior end; these are
crossed by fine revolving square ribs, with broad, flat interspaces,
and with sometimes smaller ones intercalated. Aperture long,
biangular above, and harrowing in advance; inner lip heavily
incrusted, bearing two heavy folds, and two or three fine ones
above. Umbilicus narrow, covered by a very thick expansion of
the inner lip, and in one specimen showing a slight perforation.

Figure, magnified. Length about one inch.

Locality: Found thus far only in the Miocene, south of Martinez. Two or
three specimens collected by Mr. Mathewson.

It is possible that a further study of the species would prove that the perforated
umbilicus mentioned above is not a constant character. It seems to be, in this
instance, rather the result of accident than a specific character.

BITTIUM, Leach.

B. ASPEBUM,

PI. 2, Fig. 20.
(Turbonilla aspera, Gabb; Proc. Philada. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1861, p. 3G8.)

SHELL long, slender; whorls twelve or thirteen; nuclear whorls
smooth, others marked by ten or twelve strong, longitudinal ribs,
crossed by four or five sharp, filiform, revolving ribs with broad
interspaces; suture deep. Under surface smooth, or marked by
one or two ribs near the angle. Mouth longer than broad, pro
duced below and slightly expanded at the columellar angle; lips
acute.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 13

Figure, magnified. Length about .35 inch.

Locality : From a Post-Pliocene Marl, Santa Barbara Collected by Dr. A. L.
Hcermann and others.

MELANIA, Lam.

M. TAYLORI, n. s.

Pi. 2, Fig. 21.

SHELL slender, elongate, many-whorled ; whorls about twelve,
flattened on the sides; suture impressed. Surface marked by
three or four sharp revolving ribs, crossed by numerous curved
longitudinal ribs, forming a prominent flattened tubercle at each
intersection; there are about twenty-five of these longitudinal
ribs to each volution ; under side of the body whorl ornamented
by four or five sharp revolving ribs. Aperture suboval; pro
duced in advance; inner lip incrusted; outer lip simple.

Figure, natural size.

Locality : From a fresh-water Tertiary deposit on Snake River, Idaho Territory,
on the road from Fort Boise to the Owyhee mining country. Collected by Mr.
A. Taylor.

LITHASIA, Lea.

L. ANTIQUA, 11. S.

PI. 2, Fig. 22.

SHELL subglobose; spire moderately elevated; whorls five,
rounded; suture strongly impressed. Surface smooth. Aper
ture oblique, suboval, subacute above, rounded and slightly
expanded below; outer lip simple; inner lip heavily incrusted.
Umbilical region flattened, bordered by an angular carina, and
covered by an expansion of the inner lip.

Figure, slightly magnified.

Locality: With the preceding. Associated with these two shells is a little
bivalve, perhaps a species of Sphcerium, not in a sufficiently good state of preser
vation for description.

14 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

LITTORINA, Fer.

L. RtiMONDII, n. 8.
PL 2, Fig. 23, 23 a.

SHELL small, conical, thick; spire elevated; whorls five, nearly
flat on the sides, subangulated at the base; suture impressed,
under side obliquely flattened. Aperture subtriangular; outer
lip simple; inner lip somewhat flattened, thickened, bordered
by a more or less marked rim, behind which is generally a faint
umbilical depression. Surface smooth, or marked by a few faint
spiral lines. The lower angle of the whorls is variable ; some
times it is roundly subangulated, and at others it is bordered by
n prominent thickened rib or band.

Figures, magnified views of the two extreme forms. Length about half an inch.
Locality and position : From the Pliocene of Kirker's Pass. Found only in a
single bed, and collected by Mr. Esmond.

TURRITELLA, Lam.

T. HOFFMANNII, n. S.
PI. 2, Fig. 24.

SHELL large, many-whorled, elevated; suture deep; whorls in
creasing very gradually in size, flattened on the sides, slightly
bevelled above and below the suture, and a little depressed in
the middle; under surface nearly flat, or a very little convex.
Surface marked sometimes by a few faint revolving lines. Aper
ture subquadrate.

Figure, natural size.

Locality: From a white Miocene limestone in the extreme southern corner of
the Maxima Martinez Rancho, Santa Clara County.

This is the largest Turritella yet found in the State, and bears a close resemblance
to T. Saffordii, nob., of the Cretaceous. It differs mainly in the suture not being
»o closely impressed as in that species.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 15

TROCHITA, Schum.
T. FILOSA, n. s.

PI. 2, Fig. 25, 25 a.

SHELL irregularly conical, variable in height and outline, some
times half as high as broad, sometimes height and width equal,
in outline sometimes circular, in other specimens very oblique;
volutions about two and a half; suture obsolete; internal plate
concave ; outer edge regularly rounded. Surface marked by nu
merous fine radiating lines, often dichotomous.

Figures, natural size, from a very regular average specimen.

Locality : From the Miocene of Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County.

A single specimen was found with these, much higher than the average speci
mens, with a strongly marked spiral depression, and without the radiating lines
It will probably prove to be a distinct species, but in the absence of more mate
rial I do not feel warranted in naming it.

PACHYPOMA, Gray.

?P. BIANGULATA, n. S.
PI. 3, Fig. 26.

SHELL large, conical; spire high; whorls five or more, sloping
above, flattened on the sides; suture small. Surface ornamented
by revolving rows of small tubercles; angles of the whorls
marked by a larger series than on the rest of the shell; under
surface nearly flat, marked by four or five revolving ribs with
marked flat interspaces. Aperture large, subquadrate ; outer lip
simple; inner lip and umbilical region unknown.

Figure, natural size.

Locality and position: A single, somewhat injured specimen, from the Miocene,
south of Martinez ; collected by Mr. Mathewson.

Owing to the crystalline character of the shell, and the toughness of the matrix.
I have not been able to expose all of the important parts of the surface of this

16 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFOKNIA.

shell ; the generic relations must therefore be left in doubt until further speci
mens arc found exhibiting more of the details of the under surface. In some of
its details, the present species resembles P. gibberosum living on the coast, but its
strongly biangular form will serve to distinguish it.

TURCICA, H. and A. Ad.
SUBGEN. PTYCHOSTYLIS, Gabb.

(Id., Gabb; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., Jan. 1865, p. 187.)

ANIMAL unknown. Shell resembling Thalotia and Calliostoma;
conical, not umbilicated ; spire elevated; aperture subquadrate,
internally pearly; columella truncated, bearing an oblique fold
on the anterior end and one above; outer lip and base acute,
slightly thickened behind; umbilical region slightly excavated,
and covered by a thin expansion of the inner lip.

T. (P.) COFFEA.

PI. 3, Pig. 27.
(P. coffea, Gabb ; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., Jan. 1865, p. 187.)

SHELL conical; spire elevated; sides flattened; whorls seven,
first one smooth and round, succeeding ones subangulated at the
lower margin, obliquely flattened above; body whorl convexly
subtruncated below; suture channelled. Surface marked by a
row of comparatively large tubercles on the upper margin of the
whorl, adjoining the suture, and by a variable number of revolv
ing, finely tubercular ribs on the sides; there are usually from
six to ten on the side, and about the same number on the under
surface of the body whorl; these tubercles are very small, and
are generally arranged in an irregular quincunx; the under sur
face of the body whorl, just below the angle, is marked by a
deep revolving groove. Aperture subquadrate; outer lip and
base acute; inner lip narrowly emarginate beyond the truncated
end of the columella.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 17

Figure, slightly magnified.

Locality : From the Post- Pliocene of San Pedro and Santa Barbara. Also found
living at Monterey. The epidermis in the living specimen is of a rich coflee-
brown. The living specimen, from which the original description was written,
was immature, having a full whorl less than the mature fossils now under con
sideration ; the shell was also much thinner.

CALLIOSTOMA, Swains.

Zizyphinus, Gray.

C. TRICOLOR.

PL 3, Fig. 28.
(C. tricolor, Gabb ; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. ScL, Jan. 1865, p. 186.)

SHELL small, conical; spire elevated, whorls seven; first whorl
smooth, others concavely to convexly sloping above, more or less
distinctly biangular on the margin; suture small, impressed.
Surface closely and minutely marked with fine revolving granu
lar ribs. Aperture subquadrate, internally nacreous; inner lip
thick; outer lip and base acute.

Figure, a magnified view of a fresh specimen. Length about .5 inch.

Locality: Post-Pliocene, San Pedro.

Dr. Cooper has collected this shell, living, along the coast from San Diego to
Half Moon Bay. Its peculiar colors suggested the specific name. It is a light-
brown, banded by spiral lines of purple interrupted by white spots.

Figures 29 and 30 represent two of the many forms which have been discovered
in the California Miocene, of which suflBcient material has not yet been accumu
lated for satisfactory determination. Both of these specimens were found in the
San Emidio Canon, twenty miles west of Fort Tejon, Los Angelos County, in a
hard Miocene sandstone.

PAL. VOL. II.-

]8 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

ZIRPH^EA, Leach.

Z. DENTATA, n. 8.
PL 3, Fig. 81, 31 a.

SHELL large, subcyliudrical, thin ; ends broadly gaping ; beaka
anterior to the middle ; covered by the dorsal plate ; posterior
dorsal margin of valves thin and sharply reflexed. Surface of
anterior third of shell marked by serrated, squamose plates, as
In Z. crispata; a faint line or rib passes between the middle and
posterior third of the width, from the beaks obliquely down to
the base; dorsal plate heavy, compressed, and divided into two
concave surfaces by a sharp, angular ridge, commencing at the
posterior end, and running forwards, slightly curved, ending in
a tooth at a point about a third of the length of the plate from
the anterior extremity.

Figures, natural size ; fig. 31 a, represents the dorsal plate.

Locality: A single specimen from the Pliocene beds at the east end of Kirker's
Pass, Contra Costa County.

This shell is closely allied to Z. crispata ; but differs in its more regularly cylin
drical form, the marked reflection of the posterior dorsal margin, and the angular
dentated dorsal plate.

PANDORA, Brug.

P. SCAPHA, n. 8.
PL 4, Fig. 32.

SHELL small, irregularly subquadrate; right valve flat; left
valve slightly convex; beaks small, about a third of the width
from the anterior end, which is prominent and regularly convex;
cardinal margin slightly concave near the beaks, straight behind ;
base broadly and regularly curved; posterior end narrow and
prominent. Surface marked by a few lines of growth.

Figure, magnified about a third.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 19

Locality : From the Miocene, west of Martinez ; collection of Mr. Remond.
The species appears to be rare. I have never seen it except in two small slabs, in
which, however, a large number of specimens are closely packed.

HEMIMACTEA, Swains.

Spisula, Gray.

H. LENTICULARIS, n. S.
PL 4, Fig. 33.

SHELL large, flattened, thin, inequilateral, irregularly sub-
quadrate; beaks eccentric, large, slightly curved forwards and
inwards; anterior end broadly concave below the beaks, and
convex below; base and posterior end regularly convex; cardinal
margin sloping, nearly straight. Hinge teeth slender. Pallial
sinus moderately deep, round at the base. Surface marked by
irregular lines of growth.

Figure, natural size of an average sized specimen, with a transverse thickness
of about 1.3 inch. One specimen is 3.8 inches long and 4.2 wide.

Localities and position : From the Miocene, south of Martinez, collected by Dr.
Fish ; also, west of Martinez, on the south shore of the Straits of Carquinez, and
at Griswold's, near New Idria, Monterey County.

MULINIA, Gray.

? M. DENSATA.

PI. 5, Fig. 35.
(M. densata, Conrad, pars; P. R. R. Report, vol. vi, p. 71, pi. 3. fig. 12.)

SHELL thin, equivalve, inequilateral; beaks large, nearly cen
tral ; anterior cardinal margin broadly concave, posteriorly slop
ing with a slight convexity ; base broadly and regularly convex;
anterior and posterior ends slightly truncated. Hinge small;
teeth slender.

Figure, natural size, from a specimen rather smaller than the average.

20 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

Localities: Common in the Miocene, south of San Pablo Bay; south of Marti
nez; near Walnut Creek, and in the hills east of Oakland, Contra Costa County;
San Emidio Ranch; west of Fort Tejon (and Santa Barbara, Con.).

From its extreme thinness, this shell is almost always found very much dis
torted. The specimen figured by Mr. Conrad had been pressed out of its natural
shape, and probably, having been misled by this inconstant form, he has con
founded two species, widely different in character, under the same name.

SCHIZODESMA, Gray.

S. ABSCISSA, n. s.

PI. 4, Fig. 84, 34 a.

SHELL large, thick, irregularly subquadrate; beaks large, pro
minent, pointed forwards, nearly central; anterior end obliquely
truncated; base broadly rounded; posterior end very strongly
and abruptly truncated, the truncation ending at an angular
ridge which passes from the beaks to the posterior basal angle.
Surface marked by rough, irregular lines of growth. Hinge
composed of large, robust teeth; lateral teeth long and thick.

Figures, natural size. Fig. 84 a, represents the posterior end.

Localities: South of Martinez; near San Pablo Bay and Walnut Creek, Contra
Costa County ; Miocene.

From the character of the hinge, and the fact that this and the preceding species
are often found associated, it is probable that this is the species which Mr. Conrad
confounded with his Mulinia densata; although the shape of the shell precludes
the possibility that this is the form to which he intended to apply the name.

PSEUDOCARDIUM, Gabb. N, Gen.

SHELL thick, heavy, equivalve, resembling Lcevicardium exter
nally; ligament internal. Luuale cordate, deeply impressed.
Hinge composed of a large cartilage pit and in the left valve, a
V-shaped tooth articulating in a corresponding depression on the
opposite valve; two lateral teeth in each valve, very large and
prominent; these teeth are comparatively narrow in the young

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 21

shells, but in adult specimens attain an unusually large size;
pallial line unknown.

From all the characters of the hinge, and the internal position of the ligament,
this shell is evidently one of the Mactridce. Its external form, which induced
Mr. Esmond to place it in the genus Cardium, has also suggested the generic
name.

P. GABBII.

PI. 6, Fig. 45, a, b, c, and d.
(Cardium Gabbiit Esmond; Proc. Cal. Academy, 1863, vol. 3, p. 13.)

SHELL large, thick, ventricose, elongated cordate; beaks very-
large, strongly incurved and lightly pointed forwards ; anterior
end sloping, rounded below, slightly concave above; posterior
more or less distinctly truncated; base regularly convex. Lunule
broadly cordate, very deeply impressed. Surface irregularly
roughened by strong lines of growth.

Figures, natural size.

Localities: From the Pliocene, near Kirker's Pass, and rare in the Miocene,
south of Martinez ; also in the Sierra Bonita, Monterey County.

GARI, Schum.
STJBGEN. PSAMMOCOLA, Blainv.

G. (P.) ALATA, n. 8.
PI. 5, Fig. 36.

SHELL oval, thin, compressed, equivalve; anterior end a little
the narrowest; beaks small, central; anterior and posterior ends
regularly rounded; base broadly convex ; anterior cardinal mar
gin expanded into a long narrow ear, marked by one or two ra
diating grooves. Hinge composed of two prominent oblique
teeth in each valve. Surface marked by a few irregular lines of
growth.

Figure, natural size.

Locality: From the Pliocene beds near the east end of Kirker's Pass

22 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

VENUS, L.
V. KENNERLYI, Rve. ?

PL 5, Fig. 37.

SHELL thin, subcompressed, rounded-subtriangular ; beaks
small, prominent, anterior; anterior and posterior ends about
equal ; base broadly rounded ; posterior cardinal margih sloping
convexly. Lunule small, elongate cordiform, flat. Surface marked
by numerous irregular concentric undulations and fine striae;
internal margin entire, not crenulated. Pallial sinus deep, ob
lique, and narrow at the base.

Figure, natural size.

Locality and position: From the Miocene, at Griswold's, on the road to New
Idria, Monterey County.

I have not had an opportunity of examining Eeeve's figure or description of his
species, and from the very meagre note on the species in Carpenter's last Brit.
Ass'n Catalogue, I am unable to determine whether this should be referred to V.
Kennerlyi, or not. Should it prove distinct, I propose the name of V. pertenuis.

MERCENARIA, Sebum.

M. PERLAMINOSA, Con.

PL 5, Fig. 38.
(M. perlaminosa, Con. ; Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855, p. 267.)

SHELL, large, thick, rounded subquadrate, very inequilateral;
beaks anterior; anterior end excavated under the beaks, rounded
below; base broadly rounded; posterior end convexly truncated ;
cardinal margin slightly convex. Surface closely marked by nu
merous prominent, recurved, lamelliform concentric ribs. Lunule
marked by an impressed line. Hinge robust. Pallial line strong,
sinus small, oblique, acuto at the base; muscular scars nearly

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 23

equal in size ; margin minutely creimlated ; the purple color be
tween the pallial line and the base is very persistent.

Figure, natural size.

Locality : From the Post-Pliocene beds on the beach at Santa Barbara.

Allied to V. (Mercenaria) Ducatelli, Conrad, of the New Jersey Miocene, but
much broader posteriorly, and the ribs are more numerous than are represented
in the figure of that species.

CHIONE, Megerle.
C. MATHEWSONII, n. s.

PI. 5, Fig. 39.

SHELL very thick, obliquely cordate, very inequilateral ; beaks
anterior; anterior end sinuous ; base broadly rounded ; posterior
end prominent, narrow. Lunule lanceolate, impressed. Surface
marked by numerous irregular, concentric ribs; adjoining the
cardinal edge and posterior to the beaks, is a narrow flat space
running almost to the posterior end of the shell ; inner margin
entire, not crenulated. Pallial sinus deep; lower side curved,
upper side straight.

Figure, natural size.

Locality and position : Not rare in the Miocene, south of Martinez; collected by
Mr. Mathewson and Dr. Fish.

This shell is quite variable in outline, though all of the other characters are
very constant. It seems related to C. succincta = Nuttallii and Californica, but
differs in the entire absence of radiating ribs.

C. WHITNEYI, n. s.

PI. 6, Fig. 40.

SHELL thin, oblique, rounded subcordate; beaks small, pro
duced, pointing forwards ; anterior end rounded, prominent, ex
cavated above; base regularly convex; posterior cardinal margin
rapidly descending, convex. Surface marked by numerous fine

24 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

concentric ribs, abrupt on the upper side, sloping towards the
base.

Figure, natural size.

Locality and position: A single specimen collected by Prof. Whitney, near Mar
tinez. Appears to be from the Miocene formation, from the character of the
matrix.

Related to C. foveolata, Sby. ; but differs in not being so produced behind, and in
being more regularly striate.

CALLISTA, Poli.
C. VOYI, n. s.

PL 6, Fig. 41.

SHELL broad, inequilateral ; beaks in advance of the middle :
cardinal margin nearly straight and sloping; anterior end very
much produced, rounded and narrow ; posterior end obliquely
truncated; base broadly and regularly rounded. Surface marked
by numerous irregular and rather strong lines of growth.

Figure, natural size.

Locality and position: From the Miocene or Pliocene near Humboldt Bay, he-
low Bear River, Humboldt County ; collected by Mr. Voy.

This fine shell belongs to the type of C. gigantea, and is the only species of this
group yet found in California. From gigantea it is easily distinguished by its
broader posterior end, by the anterior end being shorter, more sloping above and
narrower. The character of the surface is also different.

DOSINIA, Scopoli.
D. STALEYI, n. s.

PL 7, Fig. 42.

SHELL subcircular, thick, very inequilateral; beaks large,
prominent, anterior. Lunule faint, rather large, slightly sunken.
Surface smooth, marked by a few lines of growth near the base.
Hinge robust.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 25

Figure, natural size.

Locality and position: From the Pliocene on Mark West Creek, a branch of
Russian River, Sonoma County ; discovered by Mr. V. S. Staley, after whom it
is named.

This shell can be at once distinguished from D. ponderosa, which is quite com
mon in the Tertiary of California, by its less circular outline, the beaks being
placed more in advance, by its being more convex, by its less strongly marked
lunule, a differently shaped hinge, and its smooth surface.

D. CONRADI, n. s.

PI. 5, Fig. 43.

(D. alia, Con.; Proc. Philada. Academy Nat. Sci., 1856, p. 315; not D. alia,
Dkr.; nor D. alia, Con.; P. R. R. Rep., Y. 5, p. 320, pi. 2, f. 2: D. alia, Con.;
P. R. R. Rep., Yol. 6, p. 71, pi. 3, fig. 13, 13 a.)

SHELL rather small, thin, very elongated; beaks prominent,
margins rounded. Lunule deep. Surface marked by concentric
lines of growth.

Figure, natural size.

Localities: San Eniidio Ranch, near Fort Tejon; also "Monterey" (Dr. New-
berry). From the Miocene.

The original of Mr. Conrad's figure having been a distorted specimen, I have
prepared the present drawing for the purpose of showing the true outline of the
species. Unfortunately his name was preoccupied, and I have therefore dedi
cated the species to the pioneer of Tertiary Palaeontology, not only for California
but of the Atlantic States as well.

TAPES, Megerle.

? T. TRUNCATA, n. 8.
PI. 7, Fig. 44.

SHELL large, thin, transverse; beaks in advance of the middle,
pointed forwards; anterior and posterior ends nearly equal,
rounded ; base broadly and regularly convex. Surface marked
by numerous small, radiating ribs, nearly obsolete posteriorly.

PAL. VOL. II. — 5

26 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

and crossed by fme concentric, subi rubricated lines; a sharp,
angular ridge runs from the beaks backwards, nearly parallel
with the cardinal edge, between which and the ridge is a flat
space sloping inwards; internal margin finely crenulated.

Figure, natural size.

Locality and position : From the Miocene, at Griswold's, Monterey County.
But a single specimen was found, and I have been unable to expose the hinge.
I have therefore not been able to determine positively the genus.

CYRENA, Lam.
C. CALIFORNICA, n. s.

PL 7, Fig. 45.

SHELL very variable in outline, suboval or subquadrate, more
or less oblique; beaks prominent, varying in position from
almost median to nearly submarginal , the variation being prin
cipally due to the greater or less prominence of the anterior end,
and the greater or less obliquity of the shell; anterior end
usually produced and most prominent above; posterior end more
or less distinctly truncated, the truncation being oblique. Sur
face marked by numerous, irregularly disposed concentric lines.
Hinge teeth sharply prominent; hinge plate slightly expanded
on the ligament margin, extending a little beyond the general
outline of the shell. Pallial margin strongly impressed.

Figure, natural size.

Locality and position: Very abundant in the Pliocene, near the east end of
Kirker's Pass.

This species is the most variable in outline of any fossil I have seen in Califor
nia, except the oysters and similar shells. No two specimens have the same shape,
and by selecting a suitable series, differences enough could be found to make three
or four species, sufficiently distinct, on paper. The large number of specimens,
however, at my disposal, show conclusively that all belong to but one species. I
have never seen the shell from any but the above quoted locality.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 27

CARDIUM, L.

C. MEEKIANUM, n. s.

PI. 7, Fig. 46.

SHELL resembling C. corbis (Californianum and Nuttallii), but
oblique ; beaks large, strongly incurved and pointed forwards ;
anterior end prominent and broadly rounded; posterior end
abruptly truncated and very oblique. Surface marked by
twenty-two large radiating ribs; these ribs, in the young shell,
are acute, becoming rounded as it increases in size, and ulti
mately becoming distinctly flattened on top; they are crossed by
irregular, curved, subsquamose plates, which towards the beaks
lose their lamellar character, and are represented by little tuber
cles; the posterior face of the shell is not costate, or the ribs are
represented by only a few indistinct radiating lines; the inter
spaces between the ribs are narrow and flat, or concave.

Figure, natural size.

Locality: Humboldt County, associated with Callista Voyi, &c. ; collected by
Mr. Yoy.

From C. corbis, Mart, (which, according to Carpenter, is the same as Californi
anum and Nuttallii of Conrad), this shell can be distinguished by its form, which
is more oblique than the most inequilateral varieties of that species. The ribs are
proportionately larger and less numerous, being only about two-thirds as many.
The abrupt posterior truncation, and the absence of ribs on that part, are also
well-marked characters.

I take pleasure in dedicating this fine species to my friend, Mr. F. B. Meek,
of Washington, D. C.

CONCHOCELE. N. Gen.

SHELL irregularly quadrate, very inequilateral ; a sharp angular
ridge passes from the beaks to the posterior end, between which
ridge and the cardinal margin the surface is suddenly sunken,
presenting the appearance of an offset, the truncation being at
nearly a right angle, beyond which the surface retains the same

28 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

general curve as the rest of the shell; ligament external. Hinge
composed of a single, long, sharp tooth, running from the beaks,
parallel with the cardinal margin, almost to the posterior end.
Pallial margin simple.

This shell appears to belong to the family of Isocardiidce, presenting some ana
logies to the genera Edmondia, Unicardium, and Cardiomorpha.

C. DISJUNCTA, n. S.
PI. 7, Fig. 48, 48 a, 48 b.

SHELL subquadrate; beaks terminal, anterior; anterior end
abruptly and angularly truncated; base broadly rounded; car
dinal margin arched, sloping downwards towards the posterior
end. Surface marked only by lines of growth, except near the
posterior part where the peculiar truncation takes place, the
surface suddenly descending at a right angle to the curve of the
shell, for a short distance, and then resuming its former direction.

Figures, natural size ; 48 a, an outline from above ; 48 b, hinge.

Locality: From Dead Man's Island, near San Pedro Bay; from a hard sand
stone associated with two or three previously known Tertiary Fossils. Probably
Miocene.

I found a shell, abundant at Astoria, probably belonging to this genus. It was
described by Mr. Conrad in the Wilkes' Expedition Report, p. 724, pi. 17, fig. 10,
as Venus bisecta, and in the American Journal of Conchology, vol. 1, p. 153, as

Cyprina bisecta.

/ • -

LUCINA, Brug.
SUBGEN. HERE, Gabb.

SHELL having all of the usual characters of Lucina, except that
the lunule is very deeply excavated, penetrating the hinge-plate,
and almost perforating it; bounded anteriorly by the anterior
lateral tooth, and posteriorly by the cardinal teeth.

This form is very strongly characterized, and seems to form a well-marked
group in the genus. The following species exhibits the character more strongly

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 29

than any previously known. Two other species, both living on the Pacific coast,
may also be included in the sub-genus; viz., L. excavata, Carpenter, Mazatlan
Catalogue, p. 98, and a small subglobose species, with five or six large, rounded,
somewhat curved ribs ; found in the Gulf of California.

L. (H.) RICHTHOFENI, n. s.

PL 8, Fig. 49, a, b.

SHELL subglobose, nearly equilateral; beaks small, inclined
forwards; margins regularly rounded; a more or less distinctly
marked groove passes from the beaks to the posterior margin.
Surface marked by numerous, more or less regular, distinct,
rounded ribs.

Figure 49, magnified ; 49 a, natural size, view of anterior end ; 49 6, magnified
view of the hinge, left valve.

Locality: San Fernando Yalley, north of Los Angeles; Pliocene. Collected
by Baron Richthofen.

This species can be at once distinguished by its thick shell and nearly globular
form, from all of the other California Lucinidas. Externally, it is almost identical
with L. Domingensis in some of its varieties.

CKASSATELLA, Lam.

C. COLLINA.

PL 8, Fig. 50.
^ . collina, Con. ; Pacific R. K. Kep., V. 7, p. 193, pi. 6, fig. 1, 2.)

SHELL large, compressed, variably subtriangular; beaks a little
in advance of the centre ; prominent ; anterior end broadly and
very slightly excavated above, prominent and rounded below;
posterior end sloping sinuously, subangular below ;* base deeply
convex; surface marked by irregular lines of growth; lunule
deeply impressed ; hinge robust.

Figure, natural size.

Locality and position : Miocene, from the Santa Inez Mountains.

The figure in the Pacific Railroad Report is scarcely recognizable, but with the

30 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

assistance of the description, and from the ff.ct that my specimens came from tho
original locality from which the first specimens were obtained, and this is the only
species with which I am acquainted that is found there, there is but little doubt
but that my reference of this form to Mr. Conrad's name, is correct.

MYTILUS, L.

M. MATHEWSONII, n. s.

PI. 8, Fig. 51.

SHELL very large, thick, curved, width and thickness ahout
equal in the centre, flatter towards the base; beaks terminal,
blunt. Surface marked only by lines of growth and irregular
concentric undulations.

Figure, natural size. Some specimens have been found an inch or two longer.

Locality and position : From the Miocene, south of Martinez, where it was found,
not rare, by Mr. Mathewson and Dr. Fish.

Resembling M. Californiana in its unusually large size, it differs in being less
flabellate, more curved, more convex, and in having none of the radiating ribs
characteristic of that species.

MODIOLA, Lam.

M. MULTIRADIATA, n. 8.
PI. 8, Fig. 52.

SHELL moderate in size, variable in form, more or less curved;
cardinal margin arched; posterior curved and descending more
or less abruptly; anterior margin sinuated, more or less deeply
excavated; beaks very small, subterminal. Surface marked by
numerous fine radiating lines except on the anterior fourth, which
is only marked by lines of growth.

Figure, natural size.

Localities and position : From the Miocene at San Emidio, west of Fort Tejon ;
and at Walnut Creek and Martinez, Contra Costa County.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 31

ARCA, Lam.
A. SULCICOSTA, n. s.

PI. 9, Fig. 53, 53 a.

SHELL thin, broad; beaks prominent, incurved, approximate,
slightly twisted anteriorly; hinge line short; ends and base pretty
regularly rounded, posterior basal portion a little the most promi
nent; area very narrow, slightly sunken. Surface marked by
about twenty-five prominent square ribs, with flat, equal inter
spaces ; these ribs are each marked by a more or less distinct
median groove, and crossed by pretty strong concentric lines of
growth, breaking up the surface into a beautiful beading. Hinge
straight, composed of numerous fine teeth, very small and irre
gular in the middle, larger and slightly oblique towards the ends.

Figure 53, natural size; fig. 53 a, a magnified view of a few ribs on the ante
rior portion, to show the details of sculpture.

Locality and position: Found with Dosinia Staleyi, on Mark West Creek, Sono
ma County, by Mr. V. S. Staley.

This species diflers from A. canalis, Con., in being less ventricose, less promi
nent posteriorly, more produced in front, deeper from beaks to base, in being
much thinner, and in the beading of the ribs.

YOLDIA, Holler.
Y. COOPERII.

PI. 9, Fig. 54.
(Y. Cooperii, Gabb; Proc. Cal. Academy, 1865, p. 189.)

SHELL thin, subcompressed, very inequilateral; beaks minutely
placed in advance of the middle, becoming more anterior as the
shell increases in size; anterior end narrow, subacuminate ; pos
terior end broadly rounded; base most prominent behind the
middle, curving upwards to the anterior end. Surface sculptured

32 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

by numerous small concentric ribs, rarely dichotomous, abrupt
on the upper side, and sloping downwards on the side towards
the base. Muscular scars large, the posterior a third the largest,
broadly suboval, anterior triangular.

Figure, natural size.

Localities: From the Miocene, south of MartiSez, and north of Walnut Creek,
Contra Costa County, and a specimen in the collection of the Academy of Natu
ral Sciences, lahelled "Oregon," probably Astoria. This species has not been
found in the more recent Tertiary formation, though a fresh valve was picked up
by Dr. Cooper on the beach at Santa Cruz. In this specimen the epidermis is of
a bright olive-green and shining.

The shell varies considerably in outline according to its age. In young shells
the beaks are about central ; but in the adults, the posterior end increases so much
more rapidly than the anterior, that the beaks are thrown forward so as to be
barely more than a third of the width from the anterior extremity.

PECTEN, Brug.

P. CERKOSENSIS, n. s.

PI. Q, Fig. 55, 55 a.

SHELL equivalve, subcircular, broader than long, convex;
beaks small; sides sloping concavely above, rounded below;
ears small, subequal, roughened and irregular, sinus very small.
Surface marked by eighteen or twenty flat ribs, with flat or
slightly concave interspaces; margins undulated, the ends of the
ribs being deeply emarginated, and the interspaces being pro
longed into tongue-like processes.

Figure, one-half natural size (linear).

LocalUy: Cerros Island, off the coast of Lower California: probably Miocene.
Collected by Dr. J. A. Veatch.

P. YEATCHII, n. s.

PI. 10, Fig. 56.

SHELL large, equivalve, a very little broader than long; base
regularly rounded; sides sloping above, with a slight concavity;

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 33

ears unequal ; sinus in the right ear of the lower valve mode
rately deep; surface of ears covered by small radiating ribs and
fine imbricating lines of growth; surface of valves ornamented
by about eight broad, flat, subnodose ribs, arranged in pairs, and
a few small linear ribs on the side; besides the ribs, the whole
surface is covered by small radiating lines, and crossed by very
irregular lines of growth, and very fine imbricating concentric
lines.

Figure, natural size.
Locality : With the preceding.

OSTEEA, Linn.

O. BOURGEOISII.

PL 11, Fig. 57, 57 a.

(O. Bourgeoisie, Esmond; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1863, p. 13.)

SHELL thin, irregularly oval, compressed and contorted near
the beaks. Surface marked by a few irregularly squamose lines
and faint radiating ridges. Hinge long oblique; ligament pit
deep ; muscular scar large, not very strongly marked.

Figures, natural size.

Locality and position: Near Kirker's Pass, Contra Costa County; from the
Pliocene.

O. ATWOODII, n. a.

PI. 10, Fig. 58, 58 o, and PI. 11, Fig. 586.

SHELL broad, irregular, thin; partly attached, sometimes by
nearly the whole of the lower surface; free surface of lower
valve marked by numerous irregular radiating ribs crossed by
lines of growth; upper valves more squamose and not radiated
(in the only specimen I have seen). Hinge broad at the base,

PAL. VOL. II. — 6

34 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

triangular, not deep, and sometimes slightly oblique ; inner mar
gin of the shell not denticulated. Muscular scar broad.

Figures, natural size. 58 and 58 a, lower valves; 58 b, an upper valve found
associated with the others, and apparently belonging to the same species.

Locality: On San Lorenzo Creek, Monterey County; either Miocene or Plio
cene. Collected by Mr. M. Atwood.

This shell resembles somewhat the 0. conchaphila from the coast, but differs in
the style of sculpture, the shape of the hinge, and the absence of the internal den-
ticulations.

O. TAYLORIANA, n. s.

PL 12, Fig. 60, 60 a.

SHELL large, thick, irregularly subtriangular, resembling some
what some of the more massive forms of 0. Virginica; not attached.
Surface covered by heavy, irregular, subsquamose plates, showing
more or less of a faint undulation on their edges. Interior un
known. Hinge broad and short (?). '

Figures, natural size.

Locality and position : From the Miocene ; from San Marcos Pass, near Santa
Barbara. Collected by A. S. Taylor.

O. YEATCHII, n. s.

PL 11, Fig. 69.

SHELL large, subequivalve, varying from nearly equilateral to
very oblique, the obliquity being always to the left side. Sur
face marked by ten or a dozen large, angular, radiating ribs,
some of which arise at or near the beaks, the others branching
from the first, or interpolated between them ; the interspaces are
angular, and the ribs are marked by more or less squamose
plates, and occasionally these plates assume almost the character
of spines; internally the ribs show only towards the margins.
Hinge short, very broad and shallow; no crenulations or denticu-

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 35

lations near the margin. Muscular scar large, suboval to sub-
quadrate.

Figure, natural size of a small and very equilateral specimen. The largest
specimen found is about six inches long.

Locality : Cerros Island, associated with Pecten Veatchii, P. Cerrosensis, and the
following species. Dr. J. A. Veatch.

O. CERROSENSIS, n. B.

PI. 11, Fig. 61.

SHELL small, subequivalve, very oblique, strongly falcate,
variable in form, upper edge entire, concave ; lower margin very
strongly undulated, each valve bearing four or five rounded,
tongue-like processes, which alternate in the two valves; the
margin, on each valve, between these processes, is very much
thickened, and presents the squamose edges of successive layers
of growth. Surface smooth, or marked only by rather indistinct
lines of growth. Hinge long and very oblique, slightly curved.
Muscular scars small, rounded subtriangular,

Figure, natural size.

Locality: With the preceding species.

TEREBRATELLA, d'Orb.

T. WHITNEYI, n. s.

PL 12, Fig. 62, 62 a.

SHELL subcircular, convexity of the two valves about equal,
moderate. Lower valve, beak high, area narrow, high, and flat;
foramen large, triangular. Upper margin of upper valve nearly
straight, sloping slightly from the beak; margins of the shell
regularly rounded. Surface marked by about thirty to thirty-
five small, angular, radiating ribs, with angular interspaces; no
median sulcus.

36 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

Figures, natural size.

Localities and position: From the Miocene, one mile east of the Excelsior Mine,
Napa County, Prof. Whitney ; and twenty miles east of Clear Lake, on the road
from Colusa to the Hot Sulphur Springs ; Dr. George.

MORRISIA, Davidson.
M. HORNII.

PL 12, Fig. 63.
(M. Hornii, Gabb; Proc. Phila. Academy, 1861, p. 371.)

SHELL minute, subcircular, flattened; beak acute; area narrow,
long; a faint sinus usually occupies the middle of the lower por
tion of the upper valve ; foramen large, acute above, and rounded
or subaugular in the upper valve. Surface, under a lens, presents
a minutely granular appearance.

Figure, highly magnified. Length about .11 inch.

Locality and position: From the Post-Pliocene marl at Santa Barbara; collected
by Dr. A. L. Heermann. This shell seemed to be abundant in the marl collected
by Dr. Heermann ; but I have never seen it among the shells collected by the Sur
vey in that vicinity or elsewhere, and failed to find it myself, on subsequently
visiting the locality.

f

ECHINODERMATA.

CLYPEASTER, Lam.
C. GABBII.

PL 12, Fig. 64, 64 a,
(C. Gabbii, K6mond; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1863, p. 63.)

I ECHINARACHNIUS, Van Phels.

E. BREWERIANUS.

PI. 12, Fig. 65, 65 a.
(E. Brcwerianus, Remond; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1863, p. 63.)

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 37

SCUTELLA, Lam.

S. GlBBSII.

PI. 13, Fig. 66, 66 a.
(S. Gibbsii, Remond; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1863, p. 18.)

ASTRODAPSIS, Con.
A. WHITNEYI.

PL 13, Fig. 67, 67 a.
(A. Whitneyi, Remond ; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1863, p. 52.)

A. TUMIDUS.

PI. 13, Fig. 68, 68 a.

(A. tumidus, Remoiid; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1863, p. 62.)

%

ASTERIAD^E.
ASTERIAS, L.

A. RtMONDII, U. 8.
PL 13, Fig. 69.

ANIMAL large, robust, five rayed; rays more than twice as long
as the diameter of the disk, thick on the margin. Upper surface
covered by short, club-shaped spines, narrow towards the base,
and bluntly rounded above; on the sides these same spines are
more closely placed, and on the under surface they are so close

38 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

that they are in contact; ambulacrse broad, bearing numerous
small, very slender spines.

Fig. 67, a view of an average sized ray, natural size.

Locality and position : Found abundantly at "Star Fish Point," on the Pinolo
Ranch, south of the Straits of Carquinez, about five miles from Martinez;
Miocene.

This species was first discovered by M. Remond, and is the only fossil star fish
yet found in California. At the one locality above it is very abundant, but has
never been found elsewhere. It resembles, in its general appearance, A. ochracea,
Brandt, but the rays are more slender, it wants entirely the reticulated disposition
of the spines; on the upper surface, the spines are larger, of a different form, and
much more numerous. I have not seen a specimen retaining the disk and a whole
ray so as to show the exact proportion of the two to each other ; but by a compa
rison of a large series, the relative sizes of the parts given above seem to be, at
least, very nearlv correct.

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

VOL. 11.

SECTION I.

TERTIARY INVERTEBRATE FOSSILS.

PART II.

DESCRIPTION OP NEW SPECIES.

(CONTINUED.)

(89)

THE Tertiaries of California, although extensively developed,
and usually highly fossiliferous, are of such a character that the
included organic remains are rarely well preserved. No Eocene
has ever been detected in the State; the Miocene fossils are almost
invariably in bad condition ; and it is only from the later deposits
that good specimens have been obtained, unless in a few excep
tional cases.

As a consequence of this state of things^ but few new species
have been found in these formations. Among about three hun
dred recognized species, less than a fifth are new. The majority
of them are referable to living forms, while but a few can be
with certainty recognized as having been previously described in
the reports of Wilkes' Exploring Expedition, or in those- of the
Pacific Railroad Explorations. The following are all that have
been collected since the preparation of the manuscript of the
Palaeontology of California, Vol. 2, Section 1, Part 1. Appended
is a list of the species recognized during the progress of the
Geological Survey, with the necessary synonymy.

PA.L. VOL. II.— 7 ( 41 )

TERTIARY INVERTEBRATE FOSSILS.

(CONTINUED.)

MURICIDEA, Swains.
M. ( ? Phyllonotus] PAUCIVARICATA, n. s.

PI. 14. Fig. 1.

SHELL moderate in size, robust, fusiform, spire nearly as long
as the aperture ; whorls seven, subangulated, sloping above and
bearing eight or nine large longitudinal ribs which develop into
prominent nodes on the angle; on the body whorl these ribs dis
appear on the middle or towards the anterior part of the shell.
Aperture subovate above, narrowed anteriorly, canal slightly de
flected and often closed by a union of the two lips; labrum
thickened behind, acute on the margin, coarsely dentate inter
nally, and bearing a small compressed tooth a little below the
middle, inner lip incrusted by a smooth plate; umbilicus subper-
forate. Surface marked by two or three varices, acute on the
margins, never prominent, and not infrequently entirely obsolete ;
these varices are usually coincident with the longitudinal ribs ;
crossing them are from five to seven revolving ribs, between
each pair of which are six to eight smaller rounded ribs with
acute interspaces, giving the whole shell a closely costate surface;
in well-preserved specimens the revolving ribs are crossed by
small squamose plates, the remains of the lines of growth.

Length 1.8 inch, width 1.05 inch, length of aperture 1.1 inch.
Locality : Post-Pliocene ; Santa Barbara, San Pedro, and San Diego. Not known
in a recent state.

(43)

44 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

In this shell there is a combination of characters which allies it to two of the
genera of the Murices. The nearly obsolete varices, and their small number, with
the closed, tubular canal, would place it in Muricidea, but the tooth on the lip,
still preserved on the varices, is the character on which Conrad founded Ccras-
toma, antedated, however, by Phyllonotus of Swainson, who used the numerous
varices as the leading character of his genus.

TROPHON, Montf.

T, SQUAMTJLIFER, Cpr. (in lit.) n. 8.

" T. satis turrit&, pallide rufof usca" ; anfr. nucl. ? norm, iv tabu-
latis, tumentioribusj suturis ad angulum 80° — 100° acute im-
pressis; costis rad. vi — vii vix varicosis, angustis, ad angulum
posticum interdum spinosis, ad basim continuis; liris spiralibus
primum iii fenestratis dein creberrimis, asperis, squamulatis, in-
terstitiis angustis, plus minusve incisis, canali longiore, rectiore,
duabus trientibus aperturae aequante, vix apertd; apertura ovali,
labro incrassato, intus circ. v dentati ; labio Isevi, crassiore.

" Long. .9, long. spir. .35, lat. .61, div. 669.

" Hab. Living ; Catalina Isd. ; Post-Pliocene, Sta. Barbara.

"With the general aspect of T. tenuisculptus^ it is at once recognized by the
difference in sculpture. The fossil (unique) specimen is much finer than the im
mature living one sent by Dr. Cooper. In this the varices are not spinous at the
angle, and the spiral sculpture is stronger. The difference, however, does not
appear to be specific."

The above description and notes were sent me by Dr. Carpenter, in a letter, and
were based on a unique fossil specimen found by myself at Santa Barbara, and an
immature recent one from Catalina Island, found by Dr. Cooper.

NEPTUNEA, Bolt.

N. ALTISPIRA, n. 8.
PI. 14, Fig. 2.

SHELL allied to N. decemcostata, Say, sp., but more slender, and
with a much higher spire; \vhorls angular, the upper surface

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 45

sloping concavely upwards to the suture at a considerably broader
angle with the side than in Say's species. Surface bearing several
large revolving ribs, one on the angle of the whorl ; on the
anterior part of the shell these ribs degenerate by becoming less
elevated, but retain their width; between the larger ribs, are a
few very faint revolving lines; no similar sculpture exists on the
top of the whorls; the whole surface is crossed by pretty distinct
strise of growth. Aperture as in decemcostaia., except that it is
narrower.

Length, about 2.8 inch ; width, 1.4 inch.

From the Pliocene of Eagle Prairie, Humboldt County.

This shell is closely allied to the Eastern decemcostata, and another form recently
brought by Mr. Harford from Alaska, the Middendorfii, Cooper = liratus, Mart.
Judge Cooper named his species, after a minute comparison of one specimen with
130 of the Atlantic decemcostaia ; subsequently Dr. Carpenter, after a similar in
vestigation, pronounced them identical. I have compared several of the Alaska
shells with a fine suite of Say's species in the Philadelphia Academy's collection,
and believe I can see a constant difference, though in minute characters only. The
present fossil, however, is much longer, more slender, with a higher spire and nar
rower mouth than any of the recent shells. The number of revolving rjbs is per
haps about the same as in the living forms, but beyond the first two, they lose their
elevation, and the interspace is marked by a smaller rib instead of minute lines.
Unfortunately the anterior portion of my single specimen is broken so as to pre
vent as full a comparison of the characters as I could desire.

!$". HUMEROSA, D, 8,
PI. 14, Fig. 3.

SHELL large, broadly fusiform; spire high; whorls seven or
eight convex; body whorl with a rounded shoulder, above which
the shell slopes concavely upwards to the suture, which is small
and indistinctly marked; no longitudinal ribs, the first two or
three whorls show faint nodes, and in some cases the later vo
lutions are wrinkled by irregular growth. Entire surface covered
by numerous small, rounded, revolving ribs, with acute inter
spaces, and sometimes exhibiting a tendency to alternation in

46 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

size. Aperture broad, subovate, acute behind, narrowing regu
larly in front ; canal short, and slightly deflected ; outer lip striate
internally; inner lip rather heavily incrusted. Umbilicus well
marked but closed.

Length about 5 inches. A specimen, with all of the body whorl, but having lost
the spire, measures, from suture to end of canal, 3. 5 inch, width of body 2.4 inch,
length of aperture 2.7 inch. A smaller specimen shows that the total length of the
shell is about twice the length of the mouth.

From the Pliocene of San Fernando, near Wiley's, on the San Fernando Pass,
Los Angeles County.

A well characterized species, having no close relatives among the known fossil
or recent forms of this region.

AGASOMA, Gabb. N. Gen.

Subfusiform, spire low, body whorl long; canal moderately
produced and slightly deflected; aperture elongate, labrum simple,
labium incrusted with a thin smooth plate ; suture bordered as in

Clavella.

This genus resembles Clavella^ Swainson, in its general form, and in the border
ing of the suture by an elevated portion of the succeeding whorl. It differs, how
ever, in the very short spire and in the short and slightly curved canal. It is
proposed to receive two species from the California Miocene, both of which, unlike
the typical Clavellas, are ornamented by revolving ribs and by tubercles.

A. GRAVIDA, G.
(Clavella gravida, Gabb, Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 6.)

The figure quoted above, does not exhibit all of the characters of the pillar lip.
In all the specimens I then had, this part was covered by matrix which I was
unable to remove. Further specimens show that it is curved, though to a less ex
tent than that of A. sinuata figured on the same plate.

A. SINUATA, G.
(Clavella sinuata, Gabb, Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 7.)

A rare shell, only found in the lower portion of the Miocene, associated with
Mulinea densaia, Ostrea T*itan, &c.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 47

SURCULA, H. & A. Ad.

S. TRYONIANA, G.

(Pleurotoma (Surcula) Tryoniana, G., Pal. Cal., V. 2, p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 9.)

This very rare shell is known by but two specimens. One is that figured as
above, from the Post-Pliocene of San Pedro ; the other is a dead and very much
decayed shell, picked up by me on the beach near San Pedro, but undoubtedly
recent.

NASSA, Lam.

S. G. C^SIA, H. & A. Adams, 1857.
Schizopyga, Con., 1857.

In "Genera of Recent Mollusca," H. and A. Adams describe a large number
of subgenera of Nassa, among which is the present one. The description reads,
"Spire elevated, whorl rugose or cancellated, rounded; inner lip with the callus
defined; outer lip thin, simple." This description covers all of the subgeneric
characters which belong to either Nassa perpinguis, Hinds, or Buccinum fossaium,
Gld. The former species was placed by them correctly, under this head; while
the latter, a closely allied species, and one which, in some of its varieties, is diffi
cult to distinguish from some of the varieties of perpinguis, is placed by them
under the subgenus Tritia. To add to the confusion, N. CoopcrO, Fbs., is also
included in Tritia, while mendica, Gld., is called a Niotha. The last two species
belong, without question, to the same group, and are so nearly related that their
specific difference has been denied more than once, by excellent authorities. With
this portion of the question, however, we have nothing to do at present.

The Adams's have defined clearly all of the important characters of the group
to which they have given the name; unless we add that, in both the species in
question, the callus on the inner lip is transversely wrinkled. The same year, in
Vol. 6, Pacific Railroad Reports, Mr. Conrad described a genus, of which he said,
" the above genus is probably related to Cancellaria," and which he defined as fol
lows: " Bucciniform ; columella concave, plicate; lower part of body volution
deeply channelled, the channel emarginating the columella."

It will be seen that the description is based principally on the deep depression
formed by the twisting of the anterior part of the shell, a character of common
occurrence in a majority of the Nassas, and visible to a greater or less extent in

48 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

every species. The most important character, that of the callus, was entirely lost
sight of from the fact that the specimens were mutilated, and the author was not
even aware of its existence. His name Schizopyga will therefore have to be
dropped, and Ccesia adopted in its place.

For the leading points of synonomy of these two species, see appended list.

FICUS, Bolt.

F. PYRIFORMIS, n. 8.
PL 14, Fig. 4.

SHELL pyriform, body whorls rounded, slightly flattened on the
sides, shouldered, the top sloping upward, with nearly a straight
line to the suture; whorls four to four and a half, spire low, suture
indistinct. Aperture rather narrow, canal moderate, and slightly
curved. Surface ornamented by about forty small, distinct revolv
ing ribs, with occasional smaller ones interposed, all crossed by
prominent lines of growth, more closely placed, and not so large
as the revolving sculpture.

Length, 2.3 inch (end of canal broken) ; width, 1.2 inch; height of apex from
posterior angle of aperture, .35 inch.

From the Miocene, Martinez. Collected by Mr. Mathewson.

From the recent F. Dussumieri, its nearest ally, this species differs by its slightly
higher spire and less slender, regular form, narrowing more suddenly in advance.
From the lines of growth, the canal, which is broken in the present specimen,
seems to have been shorter than in the living shell.

F. NODIFERUS, n. 8.
PI. 14, Fig. 6,

SHELL subpyriform> short, robust, subangulated, side and top
of body whorl flattened, upper surface nearly straight, and sloping
directly upwards to the suture; upper angle of the whorl carry
ing a series of about ten flattened nodes, in some cases double ;
below these, about the middle of the whorl, is another series, less

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 49

prominent, each a little more in advance than the corresponding
one above, and connected with it by a faint rib, or rather an un
dulation of the surface; spire low, whorls five, apical angle a
little more acute than the superior slope of the last whorl. Sur
face marked by numerous small revolving ribs, with broad, flat
interspaces, in which are usually one or more additional linear
ribs, or fine elevated lines, the whole crossed by minute lines of
growth. Aperture broad, canal short.

Length (about) 1.9 inch ; width, 1.4 inch ; height of spire from internal angle
of mouth, .3 inch.

From the Miocene at Griswold's, between San Juan and New Idria, Monterey
County; Pliocene, Wiley's, San Fernando Pass, Los Angeles County.

A very strongly characterized and peculiar species, quite rare. It has never
yet been found as recent as the Post-Pliocene. The best preserved specimen yet
obtained, was found by Mr. Frank E. Brown, in the rich fossiliferous Pliocene
Sandstones of the San Fernando Pass, at the west end of San Gabriel Mountains.

SINUM, Bolt. 1798.
SigaretuSi Lam. 1799.

S. PLANICOSTUM, n. S.
PL 14, Fig. 6.

SHELL oblique, thin, semiglobose; spire small, somewhat ele
vated; whorls three and a half to four, rapidly increasing in size;
suture small but distinct; body whorl very oblique, ornamented
by numerous square revolving ribs with flat interspaces of about
equal size; umbilical margin acutely rounded; umbilicus imperfo-
rate. The under surface, inside of the margin, not costate, but
marked by strong lines of growth. Aperture very large, sub-
elliptical, slightly emarginate by the encroachment of the body
whorl; outer lip acute, inner lip slightly thickened.

Length, 1.2 inch; width, 1.3 inch; greatest diameter of mouth, 1 inch; lesser
diameter of mouth, .8 inch.
PAL. VOL. II. — 8

50 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

Not rare in the Pliocene of San Fernando ; collected by Messrs. Brown, Peck-
ham, and others.

According to the common usage, that of adopting the oldest name since the
date of Linn. Syst. Nat. 10 Ed., the name Sinum of Bolton, will have to be used
for this genus, having a year of precedence over Sigaretus. It is unfortunate that
we are obliged to drop names so familiar as the latter, though, if we do not follow
some such rigid rule, it is impossible to tell where the diversity of opinions will
take authors in the choice of generic names. Klein's name of Catinus, which has
been used by Adams, Conrad, and others, dates back to 1753, but there are other
older names, and a growing tendency is developing itself to use the oldest name
that can be ferreted out, even if the author was not strictly binominal.

CANCELLAKIA, Lam.

C. GRACILIOR, Cpr. (in lit.) n. s.

" C. t. elongat^, gracili, elegantissimtl ; anfr. nueleosis ii, ma-
joribus, valde declivibus, laevibus, apice immerso; norm, v tu-
mentibus, superue vix subaugulatis, suturis valde impressis;
costis radiantibus x rotundatis, ad basim obsoletis, interstitiis
uudatis, majoribus; lirulis spiralibus exiguis, subdistantibus,
supra costes et interstitia eleganter transeuntibus, postice ii rai-
noribus, in medio primum iii, postea vi crebrioribus, circa basim
attenuatam vi lineis distantibus; aperturS, subquadrata, antice
dilatatii; labro acuto; labio inconspicuo; columello plicis ii mi-
noribus, declivibus, antice tortS,, plicse tertise simulante, sed vix
eniarginata."

" Long. .35, long. spir. .21, lat. .16, div. 38°."

" Hab. Santa Barbara, Post-Pliocene. Of this extremely elegant species, two
specimens were found by Mr. Gabb, of which one is very perfect. It greatly re
sembles C. modesta from Neeah Bay, but is much more slender. The nucleus is
chrysodermoid, very slanting, with sunken spire."

C. ALTISPIRA, n. 8.
PI. 14, Fig. 7.

SHELL thick, robust, broadly fusiform; spire high, nearly as
long as the aperture; whorls six or seven (?, — apex broken), angu-

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 51

lated, sides flattened, upper surface sloping; suture distinct, im
pressed. Surface ornamented by about a dozen small angular
nodes on the upper angle of the whorl, from which faint longi
tudinal ribs descend over the body, becoming obsolete about the
middle; above similar ribs continue to near the suture; on the
earlier whorls these ribs are proportionately much larger; cross
ing these are three or four elevated revolving striae above the
angle, and about twenty below ; these alternate pretty regularly
in size, eleven or twelve of them being large, the others much
smaller; lines of growth faint in the middle, more distinct
towards the two ends of the body volution. Aperture moderate
in size, broadest in the middle ; outer lip simple ; inner lip rather *
heavily incrusted, bearing two strong, rather distant folds.

Length, 2.3 inch ; width, 1.2 inch ; length of aperture, 1.3 inch ; width, .55 inch.
From the Pliocene of San Fernando Pass. Coll. by Mr. Frank Brown — a single
specimen.

TROCHITA. Schum.

T. INORNATA, n. 8.
PI. 14, Fig. 8, 8 a.

SHELL low, irregular, slightly oblique, nearly circular; volu
tions about two to two and a half; suture linear, indistinct; surface
entirely without ornament, bearing only a few lines of growth;
margin of internal plate sinuous.

Diameter, 1.1 inch; height, .6 inch.

From the Upper Miocene, near Half Moon Bay.

ACJVLEA, Esch.
A. RUDIS, n. s.

PI. 14, Fig. 9, 9 a.

SHELL moderately large, subelliptical, outline slightly undu
lated, not distinctly emarginate ; apex subcentral, prominent,

52 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

very slightly produced and pointed to one side in the axis of the
shorter diameter of the shell. Surface irregularly rugose, the pli
cations or undulations showing a tendency to radiation, though
faintly.

Longest diameter, 1.6 inch; shortest, 1.3 inch; height, .35 inch.

A single specimen from the Pliocene of San Fernando, near "Wiley's.

Although I have but a single specimen of this shell, ami it belonging to a genus in
which specific characters are usually difficult to define, I ieel warranted in naming
it on account of its marked dissimilarity from all the other known species on the
coast. It approaches most nearly in size Lottla gigantca, but the central and more
elevated apex will at once distinguish it ; from Acmcea patina, pelta and scabra, it
can be known by the more elliptical form, undulated surface, more elevated apex
and irregular outlines, while from A. persona and spectrum, its central apex, thrown
to one side, instead of in advance, the absence of the strongly marked regular
radiating ribs, and its larger size, separate it. How far the specific value of all
the characters given in the description will extend, cannot be definitely ascertained
except by an examination of more specimens. It is not improbable that the irregu
lar outline and the undulating ribs on the surface may be due to a great extent to
the form of the surface to which the shell was attached during life. It is well
known that these shells, like most other forms which attach themselves to one
spot, often borrow the pattern of the surface on which they grow. This is often
shown by barnacles, cryptas, and anomias ; the present genus rarely going beyond
a mere distortion of its normal form, or the assumption of a few abnormal undu
lations. "When the surface to which the young animal fixes itself is too rough, it
not unfrequently smooths a spot corresponding in size with the exposed portion of
the animal. This I have observed in the case of Acmcea persona and A. spectrum
at Santa Barbara, where, growing on a coarse-grained metamorphic sandstone,
almost every shell fits into a little pit, barely more than a line in depth, level at
the bottom, and corresponding exactly to the form of the shell.

ZIRPH^EA, Leach.
Z. GABBII, Tryon.

PI. 15, Fig. 10.

9
(Zirphcca Gabbii, T., Proc. Phil. Acad., 186^, p. 144, pi. 1, fig. 1.)

This shell was described by Mr. Tryon from a single dead valve, sent to him by
me from San Francisco. I obtained it from a miscellaneous collection of shells

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 53

from Japan, and have no reason to doubt but that the specimen came from Japan
with the collection. Mr. Tryon has long held the belief that it was mixed with
the others by accident, and that it was a California specimen. However that may
be, I cannot tell; and we have, at present, no means of settling the question. The
species is found in California in both a recent, and fossil state, large valves being
quite common in the Post-Pliocene of San Pedro ; nevertheless I do not consider
this any proof that it may not, likewise, be found living in Japan.

The individual figured is quite young, and is recent. It was kindly given to me
by Mr. R. E. C. Stearns of San Francisco.

SILIQUARIA, Schum.

? S. EDENTULA, D. S.
PI. 15, Fig. 11.

SHELL moderately large, thin, flattened, elongated sub-elliptical,
nearly equilateral ; beaks minute, a little posterior to the middle,
projecting almost insensibly beyond the cardinal line; cardinal
margin sloping slightly and perfectly straight towards the two
ends; anterior end convexlyand very obliquely subtruncate above,
produced and rounded below ; posterior end broadly and regu
larly rounded, a little less prominent below than above the middle;
basal margin nearly straight. Surface nearly smooth in the mid
dle, marked by pretty distinct lines of growth towards the ends,
especially above.

Length from beak to base, 1.3 inch ; width, 2.6 inch ; beak to anterior end, 1.45
inch. From the Pliocene of San Fernando.

On exposing the hinge of this shell, I was unable to get at the characters in a
perfectly satisfactory manner, owing to its extreme thinness and delicacy. The
teeth, if they exist, are very small, and seem to be almost entirely obsolete. It is
possible that further examination will develop some characters of the hinge which
will remove it entirely from the above genus, but I preferred placing it here pro
visionally, where it seems most nearly related, to proposing a new generic name
on insufficient grounds.

54 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

CLIDOPHORA, Cpr.

C. PUNCTATA, Con. 8p.
PI. 15, Fig, 12.

(Pandora punctate, Con. Jour. Phil. Acad., 1 S. Vol. 7, p. 228, pi. 17, fig. 1.)
(Clidophora punctata, Cpr. Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1864, p. 598.)

A shell having all the characters of this species in size, form, &c., except the
punctations, was found by Mr. Samuel Peckham in the Upper Miocene bituminous
shale, in the "Wheeler Canon," near San Buenaventura. The valves are in con
tact, but the inner layer is in part exposed. The closest scrutiny on the outside of
this layer fails to disclose the pits considered so characteristic of Mr. Conrad's
species ; nor do they show themselves on the marginal one-quarter of an inch of
the inner surface which I have succeeded in uncovering.

HEMIMACTRA, Swains.

? H. OCCIDENTALS, D. 8.
PI. 15, Fig. 13, 13 a.

SHELL thin, subovate, inequilateral; beaks small, closely ap
proximating, placed about two-fifths of the length from the ante
rior end, which is broadly excavated above, and prominently,
though narrowly rounded below; posterior end convexly and
obliquely sub-truncated; cardinal margin sloping and nearly
straight; base broadly and regularly convex; a moderately dis
tinct angle runs from the beaks to the posterior basal margin.
Surface covered by small but moderately prominent and pretty
regularly placed lines of growth.

Length, 2.7 inch; width, 2.2 inch ; diameter, 1.2 inch.

From the Miocene south of Martinez. Bare. A single specimen in my collec
tion, obtained by Mr. Mathewson.

This shell resembles none of the West Coast Mactroids in form. It has not the
extremely inequilateral and subcircular outline of the Miocene lenticularis, Nob.,
nor the trigonal shape of all the Standellas. I can only refer it provisionally to

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 55

Hemimactra, since, from the nature of the matrix, I have found it impossible to
expose the hinge.

PSEUDOCARDIUM, Gabb.

By an unfortunate coincidence, Mr. Conrad indicated a genus Pseitdocardia, of
the family Cardiidce almost simultaneously with my publication of the above
name. My genus was published February, 1866, while Mr. Conrad's appeared in
the Journal of Conchology for April, 1866. It is questionable whether a name
should stand when it only ditfers from an older one by the terminal letter, though
Mr. C. assures mo that he sees no reason for changing it. I merely wish to call
attention to the matter here, in order to guard against confusion, which might pos
sibly arise in the future. In this case Mr. Conrad publishes no semblance of a
diagnosis, merely giving a list of species belonging to the proposed genus.

VENUS, L.
V. PERTENUIS, Gabb.

( V. pertenuis, G. Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 22, pi. 5, fig. 37. Note.)
(V. Kennerleyi, Eve. ? G. loc. cit.)

"When first studying this species, I was unacquainted with Reeve's V. Kennerleyi,
and had not access to his monograph in Icon. Conch. The short notes by Carpenter
in the Report of the British Association, were not inapplicable to the shell before
me, but were not sufficiently explicit to enable me to satisfy myself as to its dif
ference from Kennerleyi. On looking at the figure in Icon. Conch. I find that
there are strong points of difference. V. (Mercenaries) Kennerleyi is an elongate,
oval, almost quadrate shell, with heavy ribs, pretty regularly placed, and remark
ably prominent. It resembles somewhat a Saxidomus in outline, while the present
species is a sub-triangular shell, the surface undulated and striate, but without ribs,
properly speaking. It is very probable that pertenuis may prove to be a Chione.
I have never yet been able to expose the hinge. A large specimen of Mercenaries
perlaminosa, Con., now before me, resembles so nearly Reeve's figure in both out
line and the character of the ribs, that I strongly suspect them of being identical.
In the present specimen (see pi. 15, fig. 14), the ribs are not more than half as nu
merous as in the one figured in Pal. Cal, Vol. 2, fig. 38 ; the shell is more elongate
in its antero-posterior diameter, and the base is much less rounded. On collecting
a series of this species at Santa Barbara, where it is not rare, I found that the pres-

56 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFOKNIA.

ent form is much more common than the short rounded one previously figured by
me. It has a strongly characterized Mercenaries hinge, and is the only species of
that genus yet known on the Pacific coast, unless Keeve's and Conrad's species
should prove distinct.

CARYATIS, Roem.

C. BARBARENSIS, n. s.

PI. 15, Fig. 15, 15 a.

SHELL rather small, transverse, gibbous, thin, inequilateral;
beaks subcentral, small, strongly incurved, umbones prominent;
outline broadly excavated under the beaks, the anterior end pro
duced and narrowly rounded ; posterior end narrow; base irregu
larly rounded, strongly curving upwards anteriorly ; posterior
cardinal margin sloping with a slight, but regular curve. Hinge
delicate; teeth small. Surface covered by irregular striae of
growth. Luriule very large, occupying all the space from the
beaks to the anterior end, and bordered by an impressed line.

Length, 1.5 inch ; width, 1.1 inch; height of a single valve, .4 inch.

The only shell on the coast, to which this has the most remote resemblance is the
young of Amiantis callosa (Cytherea id. Con.) It can, however, be at once dis
tinguished by its longer form, narrower at both ends, its greater convexity, its
being much more deeply excavated under the beaks, and by the surface being
marked only by lines of growth, instead of concentric ribs.

A single specimen was found in the Pliocene of Santa Barbara.

MERETRIX, Lam.
M. TRASKII, Con. sp.

(Lutraria Traskii, Con.,. P. E. E. Eep., Vol. 5, p. 324, pi. 3, fig. 23.)

This shell is peculiar to the white or Bituminous Shales of the Upper Miocene.
It was described by Mr. Conrad from casts in this rock. I have been fortunate
enough to see the cast of the hinge of both valves, and find that it is a Venerid, and
appears to belong to the above genus. It is rather rare, but seems to be most
abundant in the immediate vicinity of Monterey.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 57

DOSINIA, Scopoli.
D. MATHEWSONII, n. s.

PL 15, Fig. 16.

SHELL nearly circular, excavated under the beaks, about the
size of D. Dunckerii, but of nearly the form of D. ponderosa, con
vex, thin. Beaks small, pointing strongly forward. Surface nearly
smooth in the middle, marked by lines of growth which become
strongly developed towards the two ends. Lunule large, lanceo
late and slightly impressed.

Length, 1.9 inch ; width, 1.8 inch ; height of one valve, .25 inch.

From the Miocene of Martinez; and at Griswold's, on the road from San Juan
to New Idria.

With the outline of Dosinia ponderosa, and the peculiarity of its surface, this
shell has about the average size of D. Dunckerii. It is more convex than either,
much thinner than the first, and wants the rounded anterior prolongation and ra
diating lines of the other. The lunule is proportionally longer and more slender
than either. It seems to he peculiar to the Miocene ; D. ponderosa appearing, of
full size, and for the first time, in the Pliocene. The other species has not been
found fossil in California.

TAPES, Megerle.
T. STALEYI, Gabb.

PI. 16, Fig. 17, 17 a.

(Dosinia id., G. Pal. Gal., Vol. 2, p. 24.)
(Tapes id., G. Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, pi. 7, fig. 42.)

A single worn specimen, from which this species was originally described, de
ceived me as to some of its characters. It has a true Tapes hinge, and the surface
is crossed by very numerous, minute radiating ribs. It is not unfrequently a
little larger than the specimen figured ; the pallial sinus is very deep, and rather
narrow.

The ribs are of the same character as those of T. straminea, but are at least four
times as numerous as the most finely costate varieties of that species that I have
ever seen.

PAL. TOL. II. — 9

58 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

SAXIDOMUS, Con.

S. GIBBOSUS, n. s.

PL 16, Fig. 18, a, b.

SHELL thin, subquadrate, very inequilateral; beaks anterior,
nearly terminal ; anterior end excavated above, narrowly rounded
below; posterior end convexly subtruncated, sometimes a little
oblique ; base broadly rounded ; cardinal margin gently sloping
and slightly convex. Surface marked by small but distinct and
somewhat irregular lines of growth. Lunule large, bordered by a
very fine impressed line. Hinge, teeth slender.

Dimensions of two extreme specimens: 1st. Length, 2.3 inch; width, 1.7 inch;
diameter of two valves, 1.3 inch; 2d. Length, 2 inch; width, 1.7 inch; diameter,
1.2 inch.

Common in the Pliocene of Eagle Prairie, Humboldt County.

Kesembles in outline S. Nuttallii and S. gracilis (=aratus), but can be at once
distinguished by its smaller size, more gibbous form, smoother surface, and thinner
shell.

YOLDIA, M6U.
Y. NASUTA, Gabb.

(Foldia nasuta, G. Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 216, pi. 32, fig. 287.)

This shell, described from a single specimen in the Museum of the Cal. Acad.
Nat. Sci., has since proven to be undoubtedly Tertiary; and although the matrix
is not, unlike some of the Miocene Shale, underlying the City of Los Angeles, as
cut by artesian borings, it seems to me more like the Post-Pliocene deposit near
San Pedro. The specimen is labelled " Los Angeles," and its history is entirely
unknown. Its lithological characters place it outside of all the known Cretaceous,
so that I have little hesitation in making the unqualified statement above.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 59

Y. IMPRESSA, Con., sp.

(Nucula impressa, Con. ; "Wilkes's Exped., p. 726, pi. 18, fig. 7.)

(Yoldia id., Meek; Check List, Miocene.)

(Y. Cooperii, G. ; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1865, p. 189.)

(Id., G. ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 31, pi. 9, fig. 54.)

(Id., Cooper and Carpenter; Enumerations of W. C. Moll.)

I described this magnificent species from a single recent valve, and numerous
fossils in all the deposits down to the Miocene; and in doing so I was supported
in my opinion of its being a nondescript by no less authorities than Cooper and
Carpenter, who had been working for years in the mollusca of California, and by
Hanley, who had just completed a monograph of the family. More recently, while
preparing the following table of synonymy, I have been convinced that Conrad's
impressa is merely a young of the same species. My reasons are : first, there is
nothing incompatible in the form ; second, the sculpture of the surface, so far as
figured in the Wilkes's Exped. Report, is the same as that of Cooperii; and third,
I have seen an undoubted specimen of ray species from the Miocene of Astoria.

PECTEN, Brug.
P. PECKHAMI, n. s.

PL 16, Fig. 19 a.

SHELL small, thin, subcircular, equivalve, or nearly so, slightly
inequilateral ; ears nearly equal in size. Upper valve, right ear
not separated by any distinct line from the remainder of the
surface ; the corresponding ear of the lower valve has the same
character ; left ear flat, the swell of the shell commencing with
nearly a right angle with its surface; corresponding ear of lower
valves produced, separated from the body of the shell by a marked
groove and a deep, narrow sinus. Surface marked by numerous
small, irregular, concentric undulations, crossed by obsolete wavy
radiating lines, which are most distinct on the ears.

From the bituminous shales of the Upper Miocene, on the Ojai Ranch, Santa
Barbara County, where numerous specimens were collected by Mr. S. F. Peckham.

60 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

Also found in the same formation on the shores of San Pablo Bay, west of Mar
tinez, and elsewhere.

Dimensions of various specimens : Length, .55 inch ; width, .52 inch.

" .49 inch; " .47 inch.
" .6 inch; " .57 inch.

Average depth of valve, .06 to .07 inch.

This shell belongs to the group (genus ?) Camptonectes, Agas., characterized by
a lenticular form, closed all round, edentulous hinge, deep byssal sinus, and the
minute radiating sculpture. The species is named after Mr. Peckham, in recogni
tion of his valuable services rendered in collecting the fossils found in the vicinity
of the Ojai Ranch.

P. PEDROANUS, Trask, sp.

(Plaffiostoma Pedroana, Trask; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1856, p. 86, pi. 3, fig. 1.)
(P. annulata, Trask; loc. cit., p. 86, pi. 3, fig. 2.)
(P. truncata, Trask; loc. cit., p. 86, pi. 3, fig. 3.)

In 1856, Dr. Trask named three species of Plagiostoma, giving full descriptions
and well-executed figures as above. His specimens are casts of a number of dis
torted Pectens, perhaps normally a little oblique, but in most cases with the obliquity
exaggerated by pressure. They belong, without question, to but one species, and
the first name given will have to be retained. I have carefully studied the speci
mens, and have visited the locality from which they were obtained. The deposit
belongs to the bituminous shale of the Upper Miocene, which underlies the whole
or the greater part of the Los Angeles plain, crops out on the beach at San Pedro,
under the Post-Pliocene, and has been reached by artesian borings under the city
itself.

The species is about an inch in diameter, ears subequal, shell thin, perhaps nor
mally a little oblique, and the shell-substance contains a few concentric undulations
or ribs, which are retained in the cast. No specimens show any shell preserved ;
so that, if there was any surface sculpture, it is, as yet, unknown.

OSTREA, Linn.
0. VEATCHII, Gabb.

PI. 17, Fig. 21, 21 a.
(O. Veatchii, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 34, pi. 11, fig. 59.)

This shell was originally described from Cerros Island, whence it was brought
by Dr. Yeatch. I have since found it, forming whole beds of Post-Pliocene age,

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 61

near the port of San Bruno and vicinity, north of Loreto, on the east side of the
Peninsula of Lower California. At this locality, most of the specimens are six
inches or more in diameter, very thick, and quite flat, the ribs heing much more
numerous, and somewhat smaller than in the specimens from which my original
description and figure were taken.

0. Cerrosensis was found associated with it at San Bruno, and I have recently
received from Prof. Raimondi, of Lima, a shell from the Post-Pliocene of Peru,
which seems to be identical with the latter species.

TAMIOSOMA, Conrad.

T. GREGARIA, Coil.

PI. 18, Fig. 22, a, b, c, d.

(Tamiosoma gregaria, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1856, p. 315.)
(Tamiosoma gregaria, Con.; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 72, pi. 4, fig. 18.)
(Balanus Estrellanus, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 195, pi. 8, fig. 1.)
(Radiolites grega~ia. Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1864, p. 214.)

This problematical fossil was described by Mr. Conrad almost simultaneously in
the Proceedings of the Philada. Acad. Nat. Sciences, and in the sixth volume of
the Pacific Railroad Reports, as follows : " An elongated tube, apparently entire,
porous and cellular throughout its substance ; interior filled with numerous regu
larly disposed vaulted cells, connected by longitudinal slender tubes, funnel-shaped
beneath; aperture resembling that of Balanus."

" T. gregaria. Subquadrangular, elongated, longitudinally furrowed and striate,
and having fine, undulated, transverse lines ; mouth small, oblique ; upper part of
the tube oblique, deeply indented or Balaniform, and coarsely striated longitudi
nally. Length, eight inches." He further remarks : " Growing in clusters, like
Balanus. No sutures indicating separate valves ; cells very thin plates, convex
surface downwards."

From the above, it seems either that Mr. Conrad had no opinion as to the rela
tions of this shell ; or from his repeated comparisons with Balanus, that he ap
peared to have suspected it of being a Cirrhipede; and he accidentally redescribed
it as such, in the seventh volume of the P. R. R. Reports.

In 1864, however, in the course of some " rectifications," he quotes it as a Ra-
diolite, without other remarks than that it is characteristic of the Cretaceous of
California.

Though since found at a number of localities in the State, it seems to be always
rare. I had not the good fortune to encounter it, until in the summer of 1866,

C2 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

when I obtained specimens from Estrella, whence Mr. Conrad described his
"Balanus Estrellanus," and later, Mr. Gibbes, a surveyor, presented me with a re
markably fine example from the hills north of Buena Vista Lake. The original
specimen, figured in Vol. 6, Pacific K. R. Rep., came from the Santa Margarita
Ranch, northeast of San Luis Obispo. These localities serve to fix its geological
age beyond question as belonging in the Bituminous Shale, the best-marked mem
ber of our Upper Miocene. This being ascertained, the next point is to determine
what are its relations.

To better understand the shell, it may be well to premise by remarking that Mr.
Conrad mistook the two ends of his specimen, and called the base, the aperture.
The following description, in the absence of more than one species, will have to
serve for both generic and specific purposes, since in so exceptional a case it is diffi
cult to determine which of the minor characters are of only specific value.

Shell (? lower valve) elongated, cup-shaped, growing in clusters, cemented
throughout the entire length wherever in contact ; cross-sections irregularly
rounded or angulated ; lower end of each shell curved outwards, to accommodate
the increased diameter of its neighbors ; walls of the cup composed of (two, or)

1ft

three layers. (I have not been able to determine finally, whether an outer imper
vious layer exists, though I think I have detected it in the Estrella specimens.)
The mass of the wall is composed of a series of sub-parallel, longitudinal hollow
tubes, rudely and irregularly divided by minute septa; inner layer entire, homo
geneous, and thin. The interior contains a " body chamber," or large unoccupied
space, at its widest end, below which the cavity is filled up by an indefinite number
of very irregular septa, undulated, and presenting a mammillated surface upwards.
These septa are produced by lateral prolongations of the inner wall, the "funnel-
shaped tubes," mentioned in Mr. Conrad's diagnosis, being the portions last formed
as the mantle was retracted. Some of these "tubes " reach to the surface of the
preceding septum, while many of them are merely little stalactite-like points, and
it is doubtful whether any of them are perforate. In the specimen from which
the first description was taken, these chambers and even the tubes of the outer
walls are all hollow. In the others they are filled with crystalline carbonate of
lime; and in these latter, the outer, or "body chamber.-," arc filled with an indu
rated sand. The outer surface is rudely and longitudinally striate ; the strife are
sometimes crossed by abrupt transverse breaks or subsquamose lines.

The thickness of the outer wall is a quarter of an inch or less, the tubules com
posing it being about .04 inch in diameter ; the inner stratum of the wall is
about .01 to .02 inch in thickness.

I have used the term "lower valve," because I believe this to be a bivalve shell,
for the reasons given below. The upper valve, if it existed, has never yet been
detected ; but, if my view is correct, this need not be wondered at, especially since
fossils are rare in the deposit in which the shell belongs ; and with all the facilities

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 63

of the Geological Survey of the State to help me, I was four years before I could
obtain a single specimen.

I am convinced that Tamiosoma is a genus of Hippuriddce, for the following
reasons :

1st. The form of the shell, the septate lower portion of its cavity, the longitudi
nally tubular walls, and the chamber at the top, for the reception of the animal,
are characters which are found combined only in this family.

2d. Its mode of growth is exactly analogous to that of the genera Hippurites
and Radiolites.

3d. The structure of its walls is identical with that of Radiolites; differing only
in the relative thickness, as compared with the size of the interior cavity. This
analogy is carried out even to the extent of the prisms or columns, which consti
tute the greater bulk of the walls, and are longitudinal and normally hollow, in
stead of being transverse and solid as in Inoceramus and Pinna.

4th. The septate arrangement of the lower part of the interior cavity is analo
gous to that existing in Radiolites, as demonstrated by Woodward in the case of
R. Mortoni; the septa in that species differing only in being much less numerous,
and a little more symmetrical than in our fossil. (See Woodward, Quart. Jour.
Geol. Soc., Lond., Vol. XI, pi. 5, fig. 2.)

The only arguments that I can find against my position are : 1st. This shell is
Tertiary, and the Hippuritidce are all Cretaceous. Although this would be doubt
less the first objection urged, I can only see in it a reason against d priori argu
ments on negative grounds, too common in science. Because the family has never
heretofore been found outside of the Cretaceous formation, is no reason why its
vertical range may not be extended by discoveries now or hereafter.

2d. The thinness of the walls of the shell, as compared with Radiolites, which
I have called its nearest iJly.

So long as the details of the structure are preserved, this cannot be a valid ob
jection.

3d. No trace has yet been found of ligament insertions, nor of the enormous
hinge teeth characteristic of the family. But, as yet, no specimen has been found
showing the entire shell, and the thinness of the walls warrants us, by analogy, in
predicating a delicate hinge when that portion shall be discovered.

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA,

VOL. II.

SECTION I.

TERTIARY INVERTEBRATE FOSSILS.

PART III.

SYNOPSIS OP THE TERTIARY INVERTEBRATE FOSSILS
OF CALIFORNIA.

PAL. VOL. ii.— 10 ( 65 )

SYNOPSIS

THE INVERTEBRATE FOSSILS

TERTIARY FORMATIONS OF CALIFORNIA.

IN the following synopsis I have included all the species of
Tertiary fossils described from the West Coast, which have been
encountered during the progress of the Geological Survey, either
in California or in the adjoining State of Oregon. This is indis
pensable, on account of the intimate relations existing between
the Tertiaries of the two States.

The species which have been named, but not recognized or
rediscovered, are appended as a separate list at the end. Of the
latter, some will doubtless yet be encountered, though the great
majority seem to be hopelessly lost. In many cases I have been
able to discover what was meant by a description in the Pacific
Railroad Reports, only by going to the typical locality, and by
that familiarity with the forms, which can only be acquired by
years of intimate acquaintance and the study of series of speci
mens such as amateurs rarely have the good fortune to accu
mulate. With the double advantage of all the facilities that a
government commission could afford, and of half a lifetime of
acquaintance with the peculiarities of the author's method of
working, I have failed in many cases to make out what was in
tended by the meagre descriptions, and illustrations bad beyond
precedent, which are, found in the Reports of the Pacific Railroad
explorations.

(67)

(58 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

From the length of time tliat has elapsed since the publication
of these volumes, the author of the Tertiary Palaeontology, which
they contain, has in most cases forgotten his own species, and
has repeatedly declared his inability to assist me; the originals
of the descriptions are inaccessible, packed away with the great
bulk of the government collections in the cellars of the Smith
sonian Institution, and I have been obliged to trust almost en
tirely to my own acquaintance with the subject, in unravelling
the tangled skein of the synonymy of the West Coast Tertiaries.

Under these circumstances, therefore, it will be surprising if I
have succeeded, in every instance, in correcting the names of the
species; and, doubtless, differences of opinion will always exist
in many cases. I have, however, endeavored conscientiously to
work out the problem before me, and, should my labors provoke
criticism, my only reply shall be — Go thou and do better. In
determination of the living forms, I must acknowledge particular
indebtedness to Dr. J. G. COOPER, of the Survey, and Dr. P. P.
CARPENTER, of Montreal. The latter gentleman has gone over
nearly all of the recent mollusca collected by the Survey; and
West Coast conchologists depend to a great extent on his opin
ions, based as they are on a most extensive acquaintance with
the subject.

CRUSTACEA.

CANCER, Linn. C. BREWERII, Gabb.

C. Brewerii, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 1, pi. 1, fig. 1.
Pliocene, Santa Barbara.

MOLLUSCA.

ATUBIA, Bronn. A. ZICZAC, Sby. sp.

A. ziczac, Con. ; Jour. Conchology, 1865. No. 1.

Nautilus ziczac, Sby. ; Min. Conch., Vol. 1, p. 12, pi. 1.

N. angustatus, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 728, pi. 20, fig. 56.

Pelagus Vanuxemi, Con. ; Jour. Acad. Phila., 2d Ser., Vol. 1, p. 130, pi. 14,

fig. 5.

Aturia Vanuzemi, Con. ; Smithsonian Check List, No. 639.
Miocene, Astoria.

TRIPTERA, Quoy and Gaim. T. CLAVATA, Gabb.

T. clavata, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 1, pi. 1, fig. 2.

Miocene, near Griswold's, on the road from San Juan to the New Idria mines,

associated with Dosinia Mathewsonii, Area microdonta, Acila Castrensis, and

various other characteristic species.

MURICIDEA, Swains. M. CALIFORNIA, Hds. sp.

Murex Calif ornicus, Hds. ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 18G3, p. 128.
Muriddea id., Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Pvep., 1883, p. 663.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

M. (PlIYLLONOTUS ?) TAUCIVARICATA, Gabb.

Muriddea (Phyllonotus?) pautivaricata, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 43, pi. 14,

fig. 1.
Post-Pliocene, S. Barbara, S. Pedro, S. Diego.

M. BARBARENSIS, Gabb.

M. Barbarais'is, Gabb; Proc. Cal. A. N. S
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

(69)

70 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

PTEROUOTUS, Swains. P. FESTTVUS, lids. sp.

MurexfestivuSj Hinds ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 127.
Id., lids. ; Voyage of the Sulphur, p. 9, pi. 3, fig. 13, 14.
Pteronotus festivus, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 663.
Post-Pliocene, S. Diego. Living.

GCIUEBEA, Leach. O. INTERFOSSA, Cpr.

Ocinebra interfossa, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 663.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

O. LURID A, Midd. 8JJ.

Tritonium luridum, Midd. ; Hal. Ross., pt. 2, p. 150, pi. 4, fig. 4 and 6.
Ocinebra lurida, Cpr.; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 663.
Post-Pliocene, S. Pedro. Living.

TBOPHOU, Moritf. T. PONDEROSUM, Gabb.

T. ponderosum, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 3.
Miocene, Griswold's and Walnut Creek, Contra Costa Co. ; Pliocene, Kirker'a
Pass.

T. SQUAMULIFER, Cpr.

Id., Cpr. •, Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 44.
Post-Pliocene, Sta. Barbara. Living.

T. MULTICOSTATUS, Escll. 8p.

Trophon multicostatus, H. and A. Ad. ; Gen. R. Moll., Vol. 1, p. 77.
Murex mullicostatus, Esch. ; Zool. Atl., p. 11.
Polyplcx gracilis, Perry ; Conchology, pi. 9, fig. 4.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

T. ORPHEUS, Gld. sp.

Fums Orpheus, Gld. ; Proc. Boston Nat. Hist. Soc., 1849, p. 142.
Id., Gld. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 234, pi. 16, fig. 285.
Trophon Orpheus, Cpr.; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 663.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

T. TENUISCULPTUS, Cpr.

Trophon lenuisculptus, Cpr. ; An. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1866, p. 227.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 71

FUSUS. F. AMBUSTUS, Gld.

F. ambustus, Gld. ; Mex. and Cal. Shells, p. 12, pi. 14, fig. 18.
Id., Cpr. ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 208.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, S. Pedro. Living.

NEPTUNEA, Bolt. N. RECUR v A, Gabb..

N. recurva, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 3, pi. 1, fig. 4.

This shell belongs apparently to the more recent members of the Miocene,
being found near Tomales Bay, Griswold's, El Toro Rancho, and at
Foxin's, in Santa, Barbara County. At the latter place the beds overlie
the bituminous shale, and appear to be almost a connecting link with the
Pliocene.

N. TABULATA, Eaird, sp.

Chrysodomus tabulates, Baird; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p. 66.
Chrysodomus tabulatus, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 663.
C. tabulatus, Cooper ; Survey Check List.

Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Fernando, and at the Twelve-mile House, below
San Francisco ; Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, and San Pedro. Living.

N. ALTISPIRA, Gubb.

Id., Gabb ; PaL Cal., Vol. 2, p. 44, pi. 14, fig. 2.
Pliocene, Eagle Prairie, Humboldt County

N. HUMEROSA, Gabb.

Id., Gabb; PaL Cal., Vol. 2, p. 45, pi. 14, fig. 3.
Pliocene, S. Fernando,

PRISCOFUSUS, Conrad.

This genus was merely indicated by Mr. Conrad in the Journal of Conchology,
to accommodate the following species. No diagnosis has ever been published.

P. GENICULUS, Con.

Fusus geniculus, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 728, pi. 20, fig. 3.
Priscofusus id., Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 150.
Miocene, Astoria. Living.

NOTE. — Several other species will be found in the list of unrecognized forms

72 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

HETULA, II. & A. Ad. M. EEMONDI, Gabb.

M. Remondi, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 3, pi. 1, fig. 6.
Miocene, Tomales.

AGASOMA, Gabb. A. GRAVIDA, Gabb.

Clavella gravida, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 6.
Indet, Con. ; P. E. K. Eep., Vol. 5, pi. 7, fig. 63.
Agasoma gracida, Gabb ; supra, p. 46.
Miocene, near Martinez, and at Ocoya Creek.

A. SIN u ATA, Gabb.

Clavella sinuata, Gabb} Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 5, pi. 1, fig. 7.
Agasoma sinuata, Gabb ; supra, p. 46.
Miocene, Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County.

PISANIA, Bivona. P. FORTIS, Cpr.

Pisaniafortis, Cpr.; An. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1866, p. 227.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara.

SURCULA, H. and A. Ad. S. CABPENTERIANA, Gabb.

Pleurotoma (Surcula) Carpenteriana, Gabb; Proc. Cal. A. N. S., 1865, p. 183
Id., Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 5, pi. 1, fig. 8.

Pliocene, S. Fernando, Santa Eosa ; Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro
Living.

S. TRYONIANA, Gabb.

P. (S.) Tryoniana, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 9.
Post-Pliocene, S. Pedro. Living.

DRILLIA, Gray. D. INERMIS, Hds. Sp.

Pleurotoma inermis, Hds. ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 37.
Id., Hds. ; Voy. Sulphur, p. 16, pi. 5, fig. 8.
Drillia inermis, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Eep., 1863, p. 657.
Post-Pliocene, S. Pedro. Living.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 73

D. PERVERSA, Gabb.

Pleurotoma perversa, Gabb; Proc. Cal. A. N. S., 1865, p. 183.
Id., Gabb; Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 10.
Post-Pliocene, Sta. Barbara, S. Pedro. Living.

D. YOYI, Gabb.

D. Voyi, Gabb; Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 11.
Pliocene, Humboldt County, at Eagle Prairie and Bear R.

CLATHURELLA, Cpr. C. CONRADIANA, Gabb.

C. Conradiana, Gubb; Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 12.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

MANGE II A, Leach. M. VARIEGATA, Cpr.

Mangelia variegata, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 658
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

TRITONIUM, Link. (S. G. Priene, fl. and A. Ad.) T. (P.) ORE-
GONENSIS, lledf. sp.

Triton Oregonensis, Redfield; A. N. Y. Lye., vol. 4, p. 165.

Id., Gld. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 241.

Fusus Oregonensis, Rve. ; Icon. Conch., No. 61.

F. canceltatus, Rve. ; Loc cit., No. 62.

T. (Priene) Oregonensis, Cpr. ; Rep. W. C. Moll., Brit. Assn., p. 583.

Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

RANELLA, Lara. ? E. TRIQUETRA, Cpr.

R. triquetra, Cpr. ; ("teste Nutt. MSS."), P. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 227.
Post-Pliocene, San Diego. Living.

E. CALIFORNICA, Hds.

R. Calif omica, Hds. ; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, p. 255.

R. Californica, Hds. ; Voy. Sulphur, p. 12, pi. 2, fig. 4 Tind 5.

Pliocene, Kirker's Pass ; Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro. Living.

PAL. VOL. II. — 11

74 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

E. MATHEWSONII, Gabb.

R. Mathewsonii, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 8, pi. 2, fig. 13.
Miocene, near Martinez.

COMINELLA, Gray. (& G. Amphissa, II. and A. Ad.) C. (A.) COR.

RUGATA, EVO. Sp.

Buccinum corrugatum, Rve. ; Icon. Conch., pi. 14, fig. 110.
Truncaria corrugata, Cpr.; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 662.
Cominella (Amphissa) corrugata, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1866.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro, Santa Barbara. Living.

NASSA, Lam. N. TEGULA, Eve.

Nassa tegula, Rve. ; Icon. Conch., Nassa, No. 98, pi. 15.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro. Living.

N. MENDICA, Gld.

.V. mendica, Gld. ; Proc. Best. N. H. Soc., 1850, p. 155.
N. mendica, Gld. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 263, pi. 19, fig. 331.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro. Living

N. COOPERII, Fbs.

N. Cooperii, Forbes; Zool. Proc., Lond., 1850, p. 273, pi. 11, fig. 4.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro. Living. Erroneously described
as from the Sandwich Islands.

N". FOSSATA, Gld. Sp.

Buccinum fossatum, Gld.; Proc. B. N. H. Soc., 1850, p. 152.

Nassa id., H. and A. Ad. ; Gen. Recent Mollusca.

B. elegans, Rve. ; Proc Zool. Soc., 1842:

Schizopyga Californica, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., vol. 6, p. 69, pi. 2, fig. 1.

Miocene, Martinez, Griswold's, Walnut Creek, Foxin's, Maxima Martinez
Rancho ; Pliocene, San Fernando, near San Francisco, Santa Rosa, and
Russian R. Valley ; Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro, and San
Diego. Living.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 75

N. PERPINGUIS, Hd8.

JV. perpinguis, Hds. ; Voy. Sulphur, p. 36, pi. 9, fig. 12, 13.

N. interstriata, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 327, pi. 6, fig. 49.

Pliocene, San Fernando; Post- Pliocene, San Pedro, Santa Barbara. Living.

PURPURA, Brug. P. SAXICOLA, Yal.

P. saxicola, Val. ; Voy. Venus, pi. 8, fig. 4.
P. canaliculata, Duel. ; An. N. Sc., 1832, p. 104, pi. 1, fig. 1.
P. ostrina, Gld. ; Otia, p. 225.

P. lapillus, Coop. ; (not Linn, sp., Lam.), N. Hist. Washn. Terr., p. 372.
P. attenuata, Eve. ; Icon. Conch., pi. 10, fig. 49.
P. emarginata, Desh. ; (not Rve.), Mag. de Zool., 1841, pi. 25.
Pliocene, Santa Rosa, Kirker's Pass, San Fernando ; Post-Pliocene, Santa
Barbara. Living.

MONOCERAS, Lam. M. LUGUBRIS, Sby.

Monoceras lugubris, Sby. ; Genera, No. 5, fig. 3.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara Island. Living.

M. ENGONATUM, Con.

M. engonatum, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., 1 Ser., Vol. 7, p. 264, pi. 20, fig. 17.
M. unicarinatum, Rve. ; Icon. Conch., sp. 1.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

CUM A, Humph. C. BIPLICATA, Gabb.

C. biplicata, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 9, pi. 2, fig. 14.
Miocene, Martinez.

OLIVELLA, Swains. O. BIPLTCATA, Sby. sp.

Oliva biplicata, Hby. ; Tank. Cat., App., p. 33.

Olivella biplicata, Cpr. ; B. A. Rep., 1863, p. 661 ; H. & A. Ad.; Gen., p. 146.

Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro, San Diego. Living..

O. PEDROANA, Con. sp.

Strephona Pedroana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 327, pi. 6, fig. 61.
Olivella bcetica, Cpr.; B. A. Rep., 1863, p. 661.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro. Living.

76 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

ANCILLARIA, Lara. A. FISHII, Gabb.

A. Fishii, Gabb ; Pal. Cul., Vol. 2, p. 9, pi. 2, fig. 15.
Miocene, Martinez,

VOLUTILITHES, Swains. "Y. INDURATA," Con.

Rostellaria indurata, Con.; Wilkes's Exped., p. 727, pi. 19, fig. 12.

Volutilithes id., Con.; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 151.

Miocene, Oregon, Tomales Bay, Cal. ; Pliocene, Half-Moon Bay.

This shell is found occasionally, though rarely. I have seen several speci
mens, but never in a sufficiently good condition to determine fully its generic
relations. That it is not a Rostellaria, nor in fact one of the Strombidce, is
sufficiently evident from its form. I have never been able to detect even
the rudiments of folds on its columella, which fact, together with its non-
cancellate surface, carry it out of the other genus in which Mr. Conrad has
placed it. It will probably be found, when we obtain better specimens, to
belong to the Fusinoe.

COLUMBELLA, Lam. C. (ALIA) BICHTHOFENI, Gabb.

C. (Alia) Richthofeni, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 10, pi. 2, fig. 16.
Pliocene, Russ. R., San Fernando, and San Francisco.

AIIYCLA, II. & A. Ad. A. GATJSAPATA, Gld. sp.

Columbella gausapata, Gld.; Proc. Bost. N. H. Soc., 1850, p. 170.

Id., Gld. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 267, pi. .19, fig. 337.

Amycla id., Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 662.

Nassa Pedroana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 327, pi. 6, fig. 48.

Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro. Living.

A. CARINATA, Hds. Sp.

Columbella carinata, Hds. ; Voy. Sulphur, p. 39, pi 10, fig. 15, 16.
Columbella carinata, Cpr. ; ("perhaps Amycla,") Br. A. Rep. 1863, p. 662.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

MARGINELLA, Lam. M. JEWETTI, Cpr.

M. Jewetti, Cpr. ; P. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 207.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 77

FICTTS, Bolt. F. PYRIFORMIS, Gabb.

F. pyriformis, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 48, pi. 14, fig. 4.
Miocene, Martinez.

F. NODIFERUS, Gabb.

F. nodiferus, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 48, pi. 14, fig. 6.
Miocene, Griswold's ; Pliocene, San Fernando.

NATICA, Brug. N. CLAUSA, Brod. & Sby.

N. clausa, Brod. & Sby. ; Zool. Beechey's Voy., p. 136, pi. 34, fig. 3; and pi.

37, fig. 6.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara and San Pedro. Living.

LUNATIA, Gray. L. LEWISII, Gld., ep.

Natica Lewisii, Gld. ; Proc. Bost. N. Hist. Soc., 1847, p. 239.
N. Lewisii, Gld. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 211, pi. 15, fig. 253.
Natica Herculea, Midd. ; Mai. Ross., Part 2, p. 96.
Lunatia Lewisii, Cpr. ; B. A. Rep., 1863, p. 661.

Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Fernando, Kirker's Pass ; Post-Pliocene, Santa
Barbara, San Pedro, San Nicholas Isd. Living.

NEVERITA, Risso. N. SAXEA, Con.

Neverita saxea, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 151.

Natica saxea, Con. ; "Wilkes's Exped., p. 727, pi. 19, fig. 7.

Miocene, Oregon.

N. GALLOSA, Gabb.

N. callosa, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 10, pi. 2, fig. 17, a, b,c.

Miocene, Walnut Creek

N. RECLUZIANA, Desb., sp.

Natica Reduziana, Desh. ; Mag. de Zool., 1841, Mollusca, pi. 37.

Neverita Reduziana, H. & A. Ad. ; Gen. Rec. Moll., Vol. 1, p. 208.

Natica Inezana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 195, pi. 10, fig. 5, 6.

Natica Ocoyana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 328, pi. 7, fig. 57.

Miocene, Santa Inez Mts., "Walnut Creek, Pose Creek, Martinez, Death Val
ley; Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Fernando; Post-Pliocene, Santa Bar
bara, San Pedro. Living.

78 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

SINTTM, Bolt. Sigaretus, Lam. S. PLANICOSTUM, Gabb.

S. planicostum, Gabb. ; Pal. Gal., Vol. 2, p. 49, pi. 14, fig. 6.
Pliocene, San Fernando.

SCALAB1A, Lam. S. SUBCORONATA, Cpr.

Scalaria subcoronata, Cpr. ; B. A. Eep., 1863, p. 660.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

S. CREBRICOSTATA, Cpr.

Scalaria crebricostata, Cpr. ; Loc. cit., p. 660.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

S. BELLASTRIATA, Cpr.

Scalaria bellastriata , Cpr. ; Loc. cit., p. 660.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

OPALIA, H. & A. Ad. O. (CRENATOIDES, var.) INSCULPTA, Cpr.

Opalia (crenatoides, var.) insculpta, Cpr. ; An. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1866, p. 277.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara.

MYURELLA, Hds. M. SIMPLEX, Cpr.

Myurella simplex, Cpr. ; B. A. Kep., West Coast Moll., 1863, p. 657.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro. Living.

CONUS, Linn. C. CALIFORNICUS, Hds.

C. Calif ornicus, Hinds ; Voy. Sulphur, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 3, 4, 5.
C. ravus, Gld. ; Shells of Mex. and Cal., p. 13, pi. 14, fig. 20.
C. ravus, Cpr. ; Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1856, p. 206.

Pliocene, San Fernando ; Post-Pliocene, San Diego, San Pedro, and Santa
Barbara. Living.

CYPRJEA, Linn. (S. Gen. I/uponia, Gray.) C. (L.) SPADICEA, Swains.

Cypraea spadicea, Swainson; Phil. Mag., Vol. 61, p. 370; Zool. 111., pi. 182.
Luponia spadicea, Gray; Cpr. ; B. A. Eep., p. 657.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara Isd. Living.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 79

CANCELLARIA, Lam. C. (EUCLIA) TRITONIDEA, Gabb.

C. (Eudia) tritonidea, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 11, pi. 2, fig. 18.
? Post-Pliocene, San Pedro.

C. VETUSTA, Gabb.

C. vetusta, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 12, pi. 2, fig. 19.
Miocene, Martinez.

C. GRACILIOR, Cpr.

C. gracilior, Cpr. ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 50.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara.

C. ALTISPIRA, Gabb.

C. altispira, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 50, pi. 14, fig. 7.
Pliocene, San Fernando.

BITTIUM, Leach. B. ASPERUM, Gabb.

Turbonilla a?pera, Gabb ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 368.

Bittium asperum, Gabb ; Pal. Cal. (1866), Vol. 2, p. 12, pi. 2, fig. 20.

B. asperum, Cpr. ; A. Mag. N. Hist., 1866, p. 276.

B. rugatum, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1866, p. 539.

Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Diego, San Pedro. Living.

B. ARMILLATUM, Cpr.

Bittium armillatum, Cpr. ; A. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1866, p. 276.
Post- Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

CERITHIDEA, Swains. C. CALIFORNICA, Hald.

Cerithium Calif ornicum, Hald, 1840, Fr. W. Univ. Moll., cover of No. 1.

Cerithidea Californica, Hald, Ms

Cerithium (Potamis) sacratum, Gld. ; 1849, Proc. Bost. N. Hist. Soc., Vol. 3,

p. 118.

Id., Gld. ; Wilkes's Exped. Rep., p. 114, pi. 10, fig. 116.
Potamis pullatus, Gld. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 333, pi. 11, fig. 23, 24.
Cerithidea sacrata, Cpr. ; 1856, Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., p. 226.
Miocene, Santa Monica Mts. ; Post- Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

80 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

MELANIA. Lam. M. TAYLORI, Gabb.

M. Taylori, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 13, pi. 2, fig. 21.
From a Fresh-watei Tertiary Deposit on Snake Eiver, Idaho.

LITHASIA, Hald. L. ANTIQUA, Gabb.

L. antigua, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 13, pi. 2, fig. 22.
With the preceding.

LITTORINA, Ferr. L. PLANAXIS, Phil.

L. planaxis, Phil. ; teste Cpr. ; Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1856, p. 226.

L. patula, Gld. ; 1846, Proc. Bost. N. Hist. Soc., p. 52.

Pliocene, Kirker's Pass ; Post-Pliocene, San Diego, San Nicholas Isd. Living,

L. KEMONDII, Gabb.

L. Remondii, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 14, pi. 2, fig. 23.
Pliocene, Kirker's Pass.

LACUNA, Turton. L. SOLIDULA. Loven.

Lacuna solidula, Loven; teste Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 656.
L. carinata, Gld. ; Proc. Bost. N. H. Soc., 1848, p. 75.
Littorina Pedroana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 327, pi. 6, fig. 50.
Modelia striata, Gabb. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 368.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro. Living.

TUREITELLA, Lam. T. COOPERII, Cpr.

T. Coo2)erii, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 655.

Pliocene, San Fernando; Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro. Living

T. JEWETTII, Cpr.

Turriiella Jewettii, Cpr. ; A. Mag. N. H., 1866, 276.
Post-Pliocene, San Diego, Santa Barbara. Living.

T. HOFFMA.NNII, .Gabb.

T. Hoffmannii, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vcl. 2, p. 14, pi. 2, fig. 24.
Miocene, Santa Clara County; Sespi Canon, Santa Barbara County.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 81

T. INEZANA, Con.

T. Inezana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 195, pi. 8, fig. 4.
Miocene, Santa Inez and Santa Monica Mts.

T. VARIATA, Con.

T. variata, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 195, pi. 8, fig. 5.
Miocene, Santa Monica Mts.

CJECUM, Fleming. C. COOPERIT, Cpr.

C. Cooperii, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p, 655.
Post-Pliocene, San Diego. Living.

CRUCIBULUM. Schum. C. SPINOSUM, Sby,

Calyptraea spinosa, Sby ; Genera of Shells, Sp. 6.

Crucibulum spinostim, Rve. ; Icon. Conch., Sp. 10.

Crucibulum spinosum, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 327, pi. 5, fig. 46.

Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

TROCHITA, Schum. T. COSTELLATA, Con.

T. costellata, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 195, pi. 7, fig. 3.
Miocene, Santa Monica and Santa Inez Mts.

T. FILOSA, Gabb.

T.filosa, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 15, pi. 2, fig. 25.
Miocene, Walnut Creek.

T. INORNATA, Gabb.

T. inornata, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 51, pi. 14, fig. 8, 8 a.
Miocene, Half-Moon Bay.

CRYPTA, Humph. C. GRANDIS, Midd.

C. grandis, Midd.; Mai. Ross., pt. 2, p. 101, pi. 11, fig. 8, 9, 10.
Crepidula praerupta, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 727, pi. 19, fig. 9, 10.
Crypto, praerupta, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 161.

PAL. VOL. II. — 12

82 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

Crypto, princeps, Con.; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 326, pi. 6, fig. 52.

Miocene, Walnut Creek, Martinez, Foxin's, Astoria, Tomales, Kirker's Pass,
and elsewhere; Pliocene, San Fernando, Santa Barbara, Half-Moon Bay,
Kirker's Pass, Santa Rosa, Russian River ; Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara,
San Pedro. Living.

C. LINGULATA, Grid., Sp.

Crepidula lingulata, Gld. ; Otia, p. 15.

Crypta lingulata, H. & A. Ad. ; Gen. Rec. Moll., Vol. 1, p. 369.

Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

C. ADUNCA, Sby., sp.

Crepidula adunca, Sby. ; Tank. Cat., app., p. 7.
Crypta adunca, H. & A. Ad. ; Gen. Rec. Moll , Vol. 1, p. 369.
Pliocene, San Fernando ; Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.
If adunca, Sby. = rostriformis, Gld., as believed by Carpenter, tben this species
will probably include rostralis, Con., from the Oregon Miocene.

C. NAVICELLOIDES, Nutt, Sp.

Crepidula navicelloides, Nutt. ; Jay's Cat., 3035.
Crypta id., Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

C. DORSATA, Brod., sp.

Crepidula dorsata, Brod. ; Zool. Proc., 1834, p. 38.

Crypta dorsata, H. & A. Ad. ; Gen. Rec. Moll., Vol. 1, p. 369.

Pliocene, San Fernando. Living.

HIPPONYX, Defr. H. GRAYANUS, Mke.

H. Grayanus, Mke. ; Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1856, p. 4.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

PHASIANELLA, Lam. P. COMPTA, Gld.

P. compta, Gld. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 333, pi. 11, fig. 25, 26.
P.perforata, Phil. ; Zeitsch. f. Mai. 1848, p. 164, (teste Rve.)
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro, San Diego. Living.
Carpenter denies the correctness of Reeve's opinion in this case.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 83

PACHYPOMA, Gray. P. BIANGULATA, Gabb.

P. biangulata, Gabb: Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 15, pi. 3, fig. 26.
Miocene, Martinez.

P. GIBBEROSUM, Chemn., sp.

Trochus gibberosus, Chemn. ; Conch. Cab., Vol. 10, p. 278, vignette 23.

T. inequalis, Gmel. ; (not Martyn), p. 3585.

T. ochraceus, Phil. ; Zeits. f. Mai., 1846, p. 101.

Pachypoma gibberosum, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 651.

Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

POMAULAX, Gray. P. UNDOSUS, Wood, sp.

Trochus undosus, Wood ; Suppl., p. 16, pi. 5, fig. 1.
T. balcenarum, Val. ; Voy. Venus, pi. 3, fig. 1.
Pomaulax undosus, Cpr. ; B. A. Rep., 1863, p. 651.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro and San Diego. Living.

CALLIOSTOMA, Swains. C. ANNULATUM, Mart., sp.

Trochus annulatus, Mart. ; Univ. Conch., Vol. 1, fig. 33.
Zizyphinus annulatus, A. Ad. ; Zool. Proc., 1851, p. 164.
Zizyphinus annulatus, Gray ; Dieffenbach's N. Zealand, p. 237, No. 72.
Calliostoma annulatum, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., p. 652.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

C. COSTATUM, Mart., sp.

Trochus costatus, Mart. ; Univ. Conch., pi. 10, fig. 3.
Calliostoma costatum, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., p. 652.
Pliocene, San Fernando; Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

C. CANALICULATUM, Mart., Sp.

Trochus canaliculatus, Mart. ; Univ. Conch., Vol. 1, fig. 32.
Zizyphinus canaliculatus, Gray ; Travels in New Zealand, p. 237.
Calliostoma canaliculatum, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., p. 652.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

84 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

C. TRICOLOR, Gabb.

Calliostoma, tricolor, Gabb; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1865, p. 186.
Id., Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 17, pi. 3, fig. 28.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro, Santa Barbara. Living.

PTYCHOSTYLIS, Gabb. P. CAFFEA, Gabb.

Turcica (P.) caffca, Gabb ; Proc. Cal., A. N. S., 1865, p. 187.

Id., Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 16, pi. 3, fig. 27.

Thalotia caffea, Coop. ; Geog. Cat. W. C. Moll., 1867, p. 26.

Compare Trochus Adamsianus, Schrenck, 1867, Reisen im Amur-Lande, Moll.,

p. 358, pi. 16, fig. 5.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

CHLOROSTOMA, Swains. C. AUREOTINCTUM, Fbs., sp.

Trochus (Monodonta) aureotinctum, Fbs. ; Zool. Proc., 1850, p. 271, pi. 11,

fig. 7.

Chlorostoma aureotinctum, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 652.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

C. PFEIFFERII, Phil., sp.

Trochus Pfeifferii, Phil.; Zeits. f. Mai., 1846, p. 104; Monog. Troch., p. 152,

pi. 25, fig. 2.

Trochus marcidus, Gld. ; Mex. and Cal. Shells, p. 8, pi. 14, fig. 11.
Chlorostoma Pfeifferii, Cpr. ; B. A. Rep.> 1863, p. 652.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara Island. Living.

C. BRUNNEtJM, Phil, Sp.

Trochus brunneus, Phil. ; Zeits., 1848, p. 189; Monog. Troch., p. 300, pi. 43,

fig. 19.

Chlorostoma brunneum, Cpr. ; B A. Rep., 1863, p. 652.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara Island. Living.

C. FUNEBRALE, A. Ad.

Chlorostoma funebrale, A. Ad. ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 316.
Chlorostoma funebrale, Cpr. ; B. A. Rep., 1863, p. 652.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro. Living.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 85

TROCHISCUS, Sby. T. NORRISII, Sby.

Trochiscus Norrisii, Sby. ; Mag. N. Hist., 2 Ser.

21 convexus, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Kep., 1863, p. 652 (juv.).

Post- Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

LEPTOTHYRA, Cpr. L. BACULA, Cpr.

Leptonyx bacula, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Kep., 1863, p. 652.
Leptothyra bacula, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Kep., 1866.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

L. SANGUINEA, Cpr.

Leptonyx sanguinea, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Kep , 1863, p. 652.
Leptothyra sanguinea, Cpr.; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1866.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

MARGARITA, Leach. M. ACUTICOSTATA, Cpr.

Margarita acuticostata, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 653.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

M. SALMONEA, Cpr.

M. salmonea, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 653.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

HALIOTIS, Linn. H. RUFESCENS, Sby.

Haliotis rufescens, Sby. ; App. to Bligh. Cat., p. 2.

Id., Reeve ; Icon. Conch., pi. 2, sp. 6.

Post-Pliocene, San Pedro and San Nicholas Island. Living.

LTJCAPIN A, Gray. L. CRENULATA, Sby., sp.

Fissurella crenulaia, Sby. ; Conch. 111., No. 19, fig. 31, 38.
Lucapina crenulata, Cpr. ; Zool. Proc., 1856, p. 223.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

GLYPHIS, Cpr. G. ASPERA, Esch., sp.

Fissurella aspera, Esch. ; Zool. Atl., pt. 5, p. 21, pi. 23, fig. 5.
Olyphis aspera, Cpr. ; Zool. Proc., 1856, p. 223.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

86 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

FISSURELLA, Brug. F. VOLCANO, Eve.

Fissurella volcano, Rve. ; Icon. Conch., pi. 4, sp. 2.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

CLYPIDELLA, Swains. C. BIMACULATA, Ball.

Clypidella bimaculata, Dall. ; (Mss.) in Coop. ; Geog. Cat. W. C. Moll., No. 470.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

C. CALLOMARGINATA, Cpr.

C. callomarginata, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1866.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

DENTALIUM, Linn. D. HEXAGONUM, Sby.

D. hexagonum, Sby. ; Thes. Conch., Vol. 3, p. 103, fig. 10.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

ACM.2EA, Esch. A. PATINA, Esch.

Acmcea patina, Esch; Zool. Atl., 1831, p. 19, pi. 24, fig. 7-9.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

A. PERSONA, Esch.

A. persona, Esch. ; loc. cit., p. 21, pi. 24, fig. 1, 2.
Post- Pliocene, San Nicholas Island. Living.

A. SCABRA, Nutt., sp.

Lottia scabra, Nutt. ; Jay's Cat., No. 2907.

Patella (Lottia) scabra, Gld. ; Bost. N. H. Soc. Proc., 1846, p. 162.

Id., Gld. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 348, pi. 32, fig. 456.

Acmcea scabra, Cpr. ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 222.

Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

A. SPECTRUM, Nutt., Sp.

Lottia spectrum, Nutt. ; Jay's Cat., No. 2877.
Patella (Lottia) spectrum, Gld. ; W. C. shells, p. 10.
Acmcea spectrum, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1866.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro, San Nicholas Island. Living.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 87

A. RUDIS, Gabb.

A. rudis, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 51, p.. 14, fig. 9, 9 a.
Pliocene, San Fernando.

SCURRIA, M. Edw. S. MITRA, Esch., sp.

Acmoea mitra, Esch. ; Zool. Atlas, 1833, p. 18, pi. 23, fig. 4.

A. mamillata, Esch. ; loe. cit., p. 18.

A. marmorea, Esch. ; loc. cit., p. 19.

Patella scurra, Less. ; Voyage Coquille, p. 421.

Acmoea scurra, d'Orb. ; Am. Mer., p. 478.

Patella (Acmcea) scurra, Midd. ; Mai. Ross., Pt. 2, p. 34.

Scurria mitra, Gray ; Genera, 1856.

Lottia pallida, Gray ; Zool. Beechey's Voy., p. 147, pi. 39, fig. 1.

Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

NACELLA, Gray. N. INSESSA, Hds., sp.

Patella insessa, Hds. ; An. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. 10, p. 82.
Nacella insessa, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 650.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

CRYPTOCHITON, Gray. C. STELLERII., Midd.

Chiton Stellerii, Midd. ; Bull. Acad. S. Pet., Vol. 6, p. 116.

Chiton (Cryptochiton) Stellerii, Midd. ; Mai. Ross., pt. 1, p. 93, pi. 1, fig. 1, 2.

C. amiculatus, Sby. ; Conch. 111., Chitons, fig. 80.

C Sitkensis, Rve. ; Icon. Conch., pi. 10, sp. 55.

? C. chlamys, Rve., loc. cit., sp. 60.

C. Californicus, Prescott; Am. Jour. Sci., 1864, p. 185.

Post-Pliocene, San Diego. Living.

BULL A, Linn. B. NEBULOSA, Gld.

Bulla nebulosa, Gld. ; in A. Ad. ; Thes. Conch., Vol. 2, p. 578, pi. 123, fig.

79, 80.
Pliocene, San Fernando. Living.

B. ADAMSI, Mke.

Bulla Adamsi, Mke. ; Zeitsch., 1850, p. 162.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

88 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

TORNATINA, A. Ad. T. CULCITELLA, Gld., sp.

BuLla (Akera) culcitella, Gld. ; Mex. & Cal. Shells, p. 14, pi. 14, fig. 8.
Tornatina culcitella, Cpr. ; Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1856, p. 227.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

Besides the above Marino Univalves, several Helices have been found in a
fossil state, usually in isolated deposits of doubtful age. The following are
mentioned in my memoranda :

H. Mormonum, Pfr.

Pliocene, with human skull, near Angels' Camp, Calaveras County.

H. tudiculata, Binney.

Post-Pliocene, Marine deposits of San Pedro.

H. Hiltebrandi, Newc.

Near Mariposa.

H. Tryoni and H. facta, Newc. ; curious varieties from the islands off the
southern coast. The former is thick and, in some cases, subangulated; the
latter is much larger than the living forms, and very solid.

ACEPHALA.

ZIRPHJEA, Leach. Z. GABBII, Tryon.

9

Z. Gabbii, Tryon; Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 186^, p. 144, pi. 1, fig. 1.
Z. Gabbii, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 62, pi. 15, fig. 10.
Z. crispata, Cpr., Coop., Auct. (non Linn.).
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

PENITELLA, Val. P. PENITA, Con., sp.

Pholas penita, Con. ; Jour. A. N. S., 1 Ser., Vol. 7, p. 237, pi. 18, fig. 7.

Penitella Conradi, Val. ; Voy. Venus, pi. 24, fig. 1.

Parapholas penita, Cpr. ; Zool. Proc., 1856, p. 210.

Pholadidea penita, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep.

Penitella spelcea, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 326, pi. 5, fig. 43.

Penitella penita, Tryon ; Proc. Phil. A. N. S., 1861, Monog. Pholad., p. 87

Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

SOLEN, Linn. S. ROSACEUS, Cpr.

Solen ? var. rosaceus, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., W. C. Moll., 1863, p. 638.
Pliocene, San Fernando, Santa Rosa. Living.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 89

Sab-Genus HYPOGELLA, Gray. Solena, Browne (Pre-Lin.').

S. (H.) PROTEXTA, Con., sp.

Donax protexta, Con. ; "Wilkes's Exped., p. 728, pi. 17, fig. 9.
Solena protcxta, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 152.
Plectosolen protexta, Con. ; Smithsonian Check List, No. 242.
Miocene, Astoria.

SILIQUARIA, Schum. ? S. EDENTULA, Gabb.

? S. edentula, Gabb, Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 53, pi. 15, fig. 11.
Pliocene, San Fernando.

MACHJERA, Gld. M. PATULA, Dixon, sp.

Solen patulus, Dizon; Voyage Around the World, &c., p. 355, fig. 2.
Machcera patula, Cpr. ; Rep. W. C. Moll., 1863, p. 638.
Solen maxima, Wood. ; Gen. Conck, pi. 31, fig. 3.

Solecurtus Nuttallii, Con. ; Jour. Phil. A. N. S., 1 S., Vol. 7, p. 232, pi. 17, fig. 9.
Solemya veniricosa, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 723, pi. 17, fig. 7, 8.
Id., Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 153.

Siliqua patula, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1867, app., Cat. Solenidae, p. 25.
Siliqua Calif ornica, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1867, p. 193.*

Miocene, Astoria, Martinez, Tomales, and Max. Martinez Ranch, Santa Clara
County ; Pliocene, Santa Rosa. Living.

SOLECURTUS, Blainv. S. SUBTERES, Con.

S. subteres, Con. ; Jour. A. N. S. Phil., 1 Ser., Vol. 7, p. 233, pi. 17, fig. 10.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

GLYCIMERIS, Lam. G. GENEROSA, Gld., sp.

Panopaca generosa, Gld. ; Proc. Bost. N. H. Soc., 1850, p. 215.
Id , Gld. ; Wilkes's Exped., Moll., p. 385, pi. 34, fig. 507.

* Described from a young specimen, differing only in being a little straighter
than usual on its basal margin. It seems incomprehensible to a Californian con-
chologist, how Mr. Conrad could have redescribed this familiar form, for which he
had already made three synonyms, and with the fineseries in the Academy's museum
for comparison. " Body Bay," its locality, should read Bodega Bay. " Nutiallii "
has been persistently referred by Mr. Conrad to the Sandwich Islands. It does
not occur there, but is one of the commonest of our Californian shells.
PAL. VOL. ii. — 13

90 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

Qlycimeris generosa, H. & A. Ad. ; Gen. Eec. Moll., p. 350.

Mya abrupta, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped. Foss., p. 723, pi. 17, fig. 6.

Glycimeris abrupta, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 152.

G. Estrdlanus, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 194, pi. 7, fig. 5.

Miocene, Oregon, Martinez, "Walnut Creek, near Mount Diablo, Esuella,

Foxin's ; Pliocene, San Fernando, Santa Barbara ; Post-Pliocene, Santa

Barbara. Living.

CRYPTOMYA, Con. C. CALIFORNICA, Con.

C. Californica, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1849, p. 121.

Sphcenia Californica, Con. ; Jour. A. N. S., 1 Ser., Vol. 7, p. 234, pi. 17, fig. 11.
Sphcenia Californica, Cpr. ; Zool. Proc., 1856, p. 210.
Cryptomya ovaiis, Con. ; P. R. R Rep., Vol. 6, p. 69, pi. 2, fig. 2.
Miocene, Griswold's ; Pliocene, San Fernando, Santa Rosa ; Post-Pliocene,
Santa Barbara. Living.

MYTILIMERIA, Con. M. NUTTALLII, Con.

Mytilimeria Nuttallii, Con. ; Jour. A. N. S., 1 Ser., Vol. 7, p. 247.
Miocene, Tomales ; Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

THRACIA, Leach. T. TRAPEZOIDES, Con.

T. trapezoides, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 723, pi. 17, fig. 6.
Miocene, Astoria ; Pliocene, Eagle Prairie.

PANDORA, Brug. P. SCAPHA, Gabb.

Pandora scapha, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 18, pi. 4, fig. 32.
Miocene, Martinez.

CLIDOPHORA, Cpr. C. PUNCTATA, Con., sp.

Pandora punctata, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., 1 S., Vol. 7, p. 288, pi. 17, fig. 1.
Clidophora punctata, Cpr. ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 598.
Miocene, near San Buenaventura. Living.

HEMIMACTRA, Swains. H. LENTIOULARIS, Gabb.

H. lenticularit, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 19, pi. 4, fig. 33.
Miocene, Martinez.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 91

? H. OCCIDENTALIS, Gabb.

? Hemimactra occidentalis, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 54, pi. 15, fig. 18, 13 a.
Miocene, Martinez.

SCHIZODESMA, Gray. S. ABSCISSA, Gabb.

Schizodesma abscissa, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 20, pi. 4, fig. 34.*
Mulinea densata, Con. ; pars, P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 71.
Miocene, Martinez, San Pablo, Walnut Creek.

MULINEA, Gray. M. DENSATA, Con.

Mulinea densata, Con. ; pars, P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 71, pi. 3, fig. 12.
Mulinea densata, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 19, pi. 5, fig. 35.
Miocene, Santa Barbara, San Pablo, Martinez, "Walnut Creek, hills back of
Oakland.

SCHIZOTH(ERUS, Con. S. NUTTALLI, Con.

Lutraria (Cryptodori) Nuttalli, Con. ; Jour. A. N. S., Vol. 7, 1 S., p. 235, pi.

18, fig. 1.

Schizoihcerus Nuttalli, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 324, pi. 4, fig. 33.
Lutraria maxima, Midd. ; Mai. Ross., 1849, p. 66, pi. 19, fig. 1, 4.
Mactra maxima, Rve. ; Icon. Conch., pi. 1, sp. 4.
Lutraria capax, Gld. ; Proc. Bost. N. H. Soc., 1850, p. 217.
Lutraria maxima, Gld. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 395, pi. 34, fig. 508.
Tresus maximus, H. & A. Ad. ; Gen. Rec. Moll.
Pliocene, Santa Barbara ; Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Diego, San

Pedro. Living.

STANDELLA, Gray. S. PLANULATA, Con., sp.

Mactra planulata, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., 1 Ser., Vol. 7, p. 240.
M. Diegoana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 325, pi. 5, fig. 45.
M. albaria, Con. ; Am. Jour. Sci., 1848, p. 432, fig. 4.
Standella planulata, Cpr.; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 640.
Miocene, Oregon, Max. Martinez Ranch, Martinez; Pliocene, San Fernando;
Post-Pliocene, San Diego. Living.

92 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

S. FALCATA, Gld. 8p.

Mactra falcata, Gld. ; Otia, p. 76.

Standella falcata, Cpr. ; J3rit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 640.

Pliocene, Kirker's Pass. Living.

PSEUDOCARDIUM, Gabb. P. GABBII, Bern., sp.

Cardium Gabbii, Remond ; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1863, p. 13.
Pseudocardium id., Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 21, pi. 6.

Miocene, Martinez and Cerro Bonito, Monterey County ; Pliocene, Kirker's
Pass.

GARI, Schum. G. (PSAMMOCOLA) ALATA, Gabb.

G. (Psnmmocola) alata, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 21, pi. 5, fig. 36.
Pliocene, Kirker's Pass.

TELLINA, Linn. T. CONGESTA, Con.

Tellina congesta, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 323, pi. 3, fig. 14, 18-21. '
Miocene, Monterey, San Pablo, San Diego, etc.

T. BODEGENSIS, Hds.

Tellina Bodegensis, Hds. ; Voy. Sulphur, p. 67, pi. 21, fig. 2.

T. emacerata, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 725, pi. 18, fig. 4.

Id., Con. ; Sm. Check List, No. 206; and Jour. Conch, 1865, p. 152.

Miocene, Astoria ; Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

LUTRICOLA, Blainv. L. ALTA, Con., sp.

Tellina alia. Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., Vol. 7, p. 258.
Lutricola alta, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., p. 639.

Arcopagia medialis, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 72, pi. 2, fig. 6.
Miocene, Monterey; Pliocene, San Fernando, Santa Barbara; Post-Pliocene,
San Pedro. Living.

L. VIRIDOTINCTA, Cpr.

Lutricola viridotincta, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1866.
Scrobicularia viridotincta, Cpr. ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 160.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 93

ANGULUS, Mublf. A. GOULDII, Hanlej-.

Tellina G outd.il, Hanley ; Thes. Conch., Vol. 1, p. 272, pi. 56, fig. 26.
Angulus Gouldii, Hanley ; Ms. (Cpr.), Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 639.
Post-Pliocene, San Diego. Living.

MACOMA, Leach. M. SECTA, Con., sp.

Tellina secta, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., 1 ser., Vol. 7, p. 257.
Macoma secta, H. & A. Ad. ; Genera, p. 401.
Tellina ligamentina, Desh. ; Guer. Mag., 1843, pi. 8.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

M. EDULIS, Nutt. Sp.

Macoma var. edulis, Nutt. ; Cpr.; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 639.

Pliocene, San Fernando, Santa Barbara ; Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

M. TOLDIFORMIS, Cpr.

Macoma yoldiformis, Brit. A. Rep., 1863, p. 639.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

M. NASUTA, Con., 8p.

Tellina nasuta, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., Vol. 7, p. 258.
? T. Oregonensis, Con. ; Am. Jour. Sci., 1848, p. 432, fig. 5.
T. tersa, Gld. ; Mex. and Cal. Shells, p. 25, pi. 16, fig. 2.
Macoma nasuta, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 639.

Upper Miocene, Foxin's; Pliocene, San Fernando, Santa Rosa; Post-Plio
cene, San Pedro. Living.

M. iNQUJNATA, Desh., sp.

Tellina inquinata, Desh. ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 357.

Macoma inquinata, Cpr. ; Rep. W. C. Moll., Brit. Assn., 1863, p. 639.

Post-Pliocene, San Diego. Living.

M. EXPANSA, Cpr.

M. expansa, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 639.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

94 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

M. PEDROANA, Con., sp.

Tellina Pedroana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 323, pi. 3, fig. 17.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

M. INCONSPICUA, Brod. & Sby., sp.

Tellina inconspicua, B. & S. ; Zool. Jour., 1829, p. 363 ; Beechey's Voy., p. 153,

pi. 41, fig. 6.

Sanguinolaria Californica, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., Vol. 7, p. 231, pi. 17, fig. 11.
Macoma inconspicua, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

SEMELE, Sebum. S. DECISA, Con., sp.

Amphidesma decisa, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., 1 ser., Vol. 7, p. 234, pi. 17, fig. 12.
Semele decisa, Cpr. ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 213.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

S. PULCHRA, Sby., sp.

Amphidesma pulchra, Sby. ; Conch. 111., No. 2, fig. 2.

Semele pulchra, Cpr. ; Rep. W. C. Moll., Brit. Assn., 1856, 1863.

Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

CTJMINGIA, Sby. C. CALIFORNICA, Con.

Cumingia Californica, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., 1 ser., Vol. 7, p. 234, pi. 17,
fig. 12.

Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

MERCENARIA, Sebum. M. PERLAMINOSA, Con.

M. perlaminosa, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1855, p. 267.
Id., Gabb; Pal. Gal., Vol. 2, p. 22, pi. 5, fig. 38; p. 55, pi. 15, fig. 14.
Venus Kennerleyi, Rve. ; Icon. Conch., Venus, pi. 12, fig. 41.
Mercenaria Kennerleyi, Cpr. ; Rep. on W. C. Moll., 1866.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

CHIONE, Megerle. C. SUCCINCTA, Val., sp.

Venus succincta, Val. ; Humb. & Bonpl., Obs. sur. Zool., p. 219, pi. 48, fig. 1.
Chione succincta, Cpr. ; Rep. W. C. Moll., Brit. Assn., 1863, p. 641.
Vemis Californica, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., Vol. 7, p. 251.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 95

V. NuUallii, Con. loc. cit., p. 2-30, pi. 19, fig. 14.

V. lamellifera, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., Geology, p. 724, pi 17, fig. 12.

V. lametlifcra, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 152.

Not V. lamellifera, Con. Jour. Phil. Acad., Vol. 7, p. 251, pi. 19, fig. 19, (=

Tapes straminea var. ruderata. )

V. brevilineata, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 724, pi. 17, fig. 13.
Dione brevilineata, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 152.
Venus securis, Shum. ; Trans. St. Louis Acad., Vol. 1, p. 122.
Miocene, Martinez, Griswold's, Toxin's, San Pablo; Oregon, Coose Bay,

Astoria, Eugene City ; Pliocene, San Fernando, Santa Rosa ; Post-Pliocene,

San Pedro, Santa Barbara, San Diego. Living.

C. MATHEWSONII, Gabb.

C. Mathewsonii, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 23, pi. 5, fig. 39.
Miocene, Martinez.

C. WHITNEYI, Gabb.

C. Whitneyi, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 23, pi. 6, fig. 40.

Miocene, Martinez.

C. PERTENTJIS, Gabb.

Venus Kennerleyi ? Gabb, not Reeve ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 22, pi. 5, fig. 37.
V. pertenuis, Gabb ; loc. cit. , note.
Miocene, Martinez.

C. OREGONA, Con., sp.

Cytherea Oregona, Con.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1848, p. 432, fig. 8.
Dione Oregona, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 152.
Miocene, Astoria.

CARYATIS, Eoem. C. BARBARENSIS, Gabb.

C. Barbarensis, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 56, pi. 15, fig. 15, 15 a.
Pliocene, Santa Barbara.

MERETBIX, Lam. M. TRASKII, Con. sp.

Luiraria Traskii, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 324, pi. 3, fig. 23.
Meretrix Traskii, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 56.
Miocene, M.oqterey County.

96 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

PSEPHIS, Cpr. P. TANTILLA, Gld., sp.

Venus tantillus, Gld. ; Shells of Cal. and Mex., p. 33, pi. 15, fig. 10.
Trigona tantilla, Cpr. ; Proc. Zool. Soc. , 1856, p. 201.
Venus rhysomia, Gabb ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 371.
Psephis tantilla, Cpr. ; Kcp. W. C. Moll., 1863, p. 640.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

P. LOEDI, Baird, sp.

Chione Lordi, Baird ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p. 69.
Psephis Lordi, Cpr. ; Rep. W. C. Moll., 1863, p. 641.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

PACHYDESMA, Con. P. CRASSATELLOIDES, Con.

Oytherea (Trigonella) crassatelloides, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., Vol. 7, p. 253,

pi. 19, fig. 17.

Trigona crassatelloides, Desh. ; Cat. Ven., p. 46.
Pachydesma crassatelloides , Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1854, p. 121.
Donax stultorum, Mawe ; Conch., pi. 9, fig. 7.

Trigona stultorum, Gray, Analyst; and Hanley ; Sp. Shells, p. 105.
Oytherea solidissima, Phil. ; Zeits. fur. Mai,, 1851, p. 74, No. 100.
Post-Pliocene, San Diego. Living.

CALLISTA, Poli. C. (? TAPES) VOYI, Gabb.

Callista Voyi, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 24, pi. 5, fig. 41.
Pliocene, Eagle Prairie, Humboldt County.

LIOCONCHA, Morch. L. NEWCOMBIANA, Gabb.

Lioconcha Newcombiana, Gabb; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1865.
Post-Pliocene, San Diego. Living.

AMIANTIS, Cpr. A. CALLOSA, Con., sp.

Cytherea callosa, Con. ; Jour. Acad., Vol. 7, p. 252.

Venus callosa, Sby. ; Thes. Conch., Vol. 2, p. 712, pi. 154, fig. 44, 45.

Dosinia callosa, Cpr. ; Zool. Proc., 1856, p. 216.

Amiantis callosa, Cpr. ; Rep. W. C. Moll., Brit. Assn., p. 640.

Post- Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 97

DOSINIA, Scopoli. I). CONRADI, Gabb.

D. Conradi, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 25, pi. 5, fig. 43.

D. (Ma, Con. ; (not Dkr.), Proc Phil. Acad.. 1856, p. 315.

Not D. alia, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 320, pi. 2, fig. 2, (= D. elcvata G.)

D. alia, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 71, pi. 3, fig. 13.

D. alia, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 193.

Miocene, San Einidio, Monterey.

D. PONDEROSA, Gray, sp.

Artemis ponder osa, Gray; Analyst, 1838, Vol. 8, p. 309.
Cytlierea giganiea, Sby. ; Phil. Abbild., pi. 7, fig. 1.
Dosinia ponderosa, H. & A. Ad. ; Gen. Rec. Moll., Vol. 2, p. 482.
Post-Pliocene, Kirker's Pass, Santa Barbara. Living.

D. MATHEWSONII, Gabb.

Dosinia Mathewsonii, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 57, pi. 15, fig. 16.
Miocene, Martinez, Griswold's.

TAPES, Megerle. T. STAMINEA, Con. sp.

Venus staminea, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., Vol. 7, p. 250, pi. 19, fig. 15.

Venus lamellifera, Con. ; loe. cit., p. 251, pi. 19, fig. 19, (= var. rudvrata.)

Not V. lamellifera, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 724, pi. J7, fig. J.2, (= Chione
succineta. )

Tapes diversum, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 324, pi. 4, fig. 31.

T. lineatum, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 72, pi. 2, fig. 7.

Venus rigida, Gld. ; Proc. Bost. N. Hist. Soe., 1850, p. 277.

Id., Gld ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 420, pi. 37, fig. 538.

Tapes staminea, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., W. C. Moll., 1863, p. 641.

Miocene, Santa Clara County, Foxin's ; Pliocene, Kirker's Pass, San Fer
nando, Santa Rosa ; Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro. Living.

T. TENERRIMA, Cpr.

Tapes tenerrima, Cpr. ; Zool. Proc. 1856, p. 200.
Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

PAL. VOL. II. — 14

98 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

T. STALEYI, Gabb.

Dosinia Sialeyi, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 24, pi. 7, fig. 42.
Tapes id., Gabb; Index to plato, loc. cit.
Tapes id., Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 57, pi. 16, fig. 17, 17 a.
Pliocene, Santa Rosa.

? T. TRUNCATA, Gabb.

Tapes ? truncata, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 25, pi. 7, fig. 44.
Miocene, Griswold's.

SAXIBOMUS, Con. S. GRACILIS, Gld.? sp.

Tapes gracilis, Gld. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 333, pi. 19, fig. 20.
Saxidomus aratus, Gld. ; 1861, Otia, p. 168.
Venus maxima, Phil ; Abbild., Vol. 2, pi. 6, fig. 1.
Saxidomus gracilis, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1866.

Miocene, Santa Cruz, "Walnut Creek, Martinez, Santai Inez ; Pliocene, San
Fernando, Santa Barbara ; Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

S. NUTTALLI, Con.

Saxidomus Nuitalli, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., Vol. 7, p. 249, pi. 19, fig. 12.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro. Living.

S. GIBBOSUS, Gabb.

Saxidomus gibbosus, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 58, pi. 16, fig. 18, a, b.
Pliocene, Eagle Prairie, Humboldt County.

CYRENA, Lam. C. CALIFORNICA, Gabb.

Cyrena Calif ornica, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 26, pi. 7, fig. 45.
Pliocene, Kirker's Pass.

CARDIITM, Linn. C. CORBIS, Martyn, sp.

Pectunculus corbis, Mart. ; Univ. Conch., pi. 28, fig. 2.
C. corbis, (Desh. Mss.) Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863, pp. 527, 642.
C. Californianum, Con. ; Jour. Acad. Phil., Vol. 7, p. 229, pi. 17, fig. 4.
C. Nuttalli, Con. ; loc. cit, p. 229, pi. 17, fig. 3.

Pliocene, Twelve-mile House, below San Francisco, San Fernando ; Post-
Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro, San Francisco. Living.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 99

C. MEEKIANUM, Gabb.

C. Meekianum, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 27, pi. 7, fig. 46.
Pliocene, Eagle Prairie.

C. CENTIF1LOSUM, Cpr.

Cardium centifilosum, Cpr. ; Eep. W. C. Moll., 1863, p. 642.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

C. PAN AMEN SE, Sby.

Cardium Panamense, Sby. ; Proc. Zool. Soc, 1833, p. 85.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

Sub-Genus L^VICARDITJM, Swains. C. (L.) ELATUM, Sby.

Cardium datum, Sby., Rve. ; Icon. Concb., pi. 8, fig. 41.
Id., Val. ; Voy. Venus, pi. 17, fig. 1.
Liocardium elatum, Cpr. ; B. Assn. Rep., 1863, p. 642.
Post-Pliocene, San Diego. Living.

C. (L.) SUBSTRIATUM, Con.

Cardium substriatum, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., Vol. 7, p. 228, pi. 17, fig. 2.
Liocardium substriaium, Cpr. ; Br. Assn. Rep., W. C. Moll., 1863, p. 642.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

CONCHOCELE, Gabb. C. DISJUNCTA, Gabb.

Conchocele disjuncta, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 28, pi. 7, fig. 48.

Post-Pliocene, Dead Man's Island, off San Pedro.

This is a small detached mass of very recent Tertiary, rich in fossils, all of
living species, exeept the present one. I quoted it as " probably miocene,"
in describing the species, but have since obtained more definite information
by a personal visit to the locality.

C. BISECTA, Con., 8p.

Venus bisecta, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 724, pi. 17, fig. 10.
Cyprina bisecta, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 153.
Id., Con. ; Check List, No. 160.
Miocene, Astoria.

100 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

LUCINA, Brug. L. BOREALIS, Linn., sp.

L. boreaiis, Linn. ; Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, p. 1413.

L. acutilineata, Con. ; Wilkes's Expcd., p. 725, pi. 18, fig. 2.

Cyclas acutilineatits, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 153.

Peclunculus patulus, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 153.

Not P.patulus, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 726, pi. 18, fig. 8, (= Axincea id.)

Lucina tetrica, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1856, p. 314.

Miocene, Oregon, Foxin's, Martinez, Griswold's, Orestimba Canon ; Pliocene,

San Fernando, Santa Eosa ; Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro, Dead

Man's Island, San Diego, etc. Living.

L. NUTTALLI, Con.

L. Nuitalli, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., Vol. 7, p. 255, pi. 20, fig. 2.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro, Santa Barbara. Living.

L. CALIFORNICA, Con.

L. Californica, Con. 5 Jour. Phil. Acad , Vol. 7, p. 255, pi. 20, fig. 1.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro, Santa Barbara, Living.

Sub-Genus HERE, Gabb. L. (H.) BICHTHOFENI, Gabb.

L. (H.) Richthofcni, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 29> pi. 8, fig. 49
Pliocene, San Fernando*

MYSIA, Leach. JVI. PARILIS, Con.

Loripes parili.i, Con. ; Am. Jour. Sci., 1848, p. 433, fig. 7.
Mysiaparilis, Con.; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 153.
Miocene, Oregon.

CKASSATELLA, Lam. C. COLLINA, Con.

Crussatella collina, Con. ; P. R. K. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 193, pi. 6, fig. 1, 2.

Id., Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 29, pi. 8, fig. 50.

Miocene, Santa Inez Mts., Ojai Ranch, Santa Barbara County.

CARDITA, Lam. C. VENTRICOSA, Gld.

Cardita ventricosa, Gld. ; Proc. Bost. N. H. Soc., 1850, p. 276.
/<*., Gld. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 417, pi. 36, fig. 532.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 101

C. subtenta, Con. ; "Wilkes's Exped., p. 726, pi. 18, fig. 12.
Cardiiim subtentum, Con'. ; Jour. Conch., 1805, p. 153.
Cardita monilicosta, Gabb ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 371.
Cardita occidentalis, Con.; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1855, p. 267.
Cardita occidcntalis, Con.; P. K. li. Kep., Vol. 6, p. 73, pi. 5, fig. 24.
Venericardia borealis var. vent/'icosa, Cpr. ; B. A. Kep., W. C. Moll., p. 642.
Miocene, Astoria, Santa Monica, Foxin's ; Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San
Fernando ; Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro. Living.

MYTILUS, Linn. M. CALIFORNIANUS, Con.

Myt'dus Californianus, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., Vol. 7, p. 242.
Pliocene, San Fernando; Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

M. MATHEWSONII, Gabb.

M. Mathewsonii, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 30, pi. 8, fig. 51.
Miocene, Martinez, Santa Monica, San Luis Obispo.

MODIOLA, Lam. M. CAPAX, Con.

Modiola capax. Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., 1 Ser., Vol. 7, p. 262.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

M. RECTA, Con.

Modiola recta, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad.. 1 Ser., Vol. 7, p. 245, pi. 19, fig. 1.
Miocene, El Toro Kanch ; Pliocene, Santa Kosa, San Fernando. Living.

M. FLABELLATA, Gld.

Modiola flabellata, Gld. ; Otia, p. 93.
Pliocene, San Fernando. Living.

M. MULTIRADIATA, Gabb.

Modiola multiradiata, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 30, pi. 8, fig. 52.
Miocene, Martinez, San Emidio, Walnut Creek.

SEPTIFER, Eecluz. S. BIFURCATUS, Eve., sp.

Mytilus bifurcates, Eve. ; Icon. Conch., pi. 9, fig. 41.
Septifer bifurcatus, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1866.
Post-Pliocene, San Diego. Living.

102 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

ARCA, Linn. A. SULCICOBTA, Gabb.

Area sulcicosta, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 31, pi. 9, fig. 53.
Pliocene, Santa Kosa.

A. MICRODONTA, Con.

Area microdonta, Con. ; P. E. E. Eep., Vol. 5, p. 323, pi. 3, fig. 29.

A. canalis, Con. ; P. E. E. Eep., Vol. 6, p. 72, pi. 2, fig. 8.

A. trilineata, Con. ; P. E. E. Eep., Vol. 6, p. 72, pi. 2, fig. 9.

? A. devincfa, Con. ; g. v. Should these prove to be the same, devincia being

the earliest name given, will have to stand as the name of the species.
Miocene, Martinez, Griswold's, Santa Barbara, near Buena Vista Lake, El

Toro and Najohui Eanchcs (Oregon ? — devincta) ; Pliocene, San Fernando.

AXINJEA, Poli. A. PATULA, Con., sp.

Peciunculus patulus, Con.; Wilkes's Expcd., p. 726, pi. 18, fig. 8.
Not P. patulus, Con. ; Jour. Conch, 1865, p. 153 (= Lucina borealis). | * /
V' Axincea Earbarensis, Con. ; P. E. E. Eep., Vol. 6, p. 73, pi. 3, fig. 11.
Id., Con. ; P. E. E. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 194, pi. 6, fig. 3.
Miocene, Astoria, San Pablo, Sunta Barbara, Martinez ; Pliocene, Santa Eosa.

NUCULA, Lam. S. Gen. Acila, H. & A. Ad. N. (A.) CASTRENSIS,
Hinds, sp.*

Nucula Ca&trensis, Hinds; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 98.
Id., Hds. ; Voy. Sulphur, p. 61, pi. 17, fig. 5.

N. (Acila) Castrcnsls, H. & A. Ad., Genera. Eec. Moll., Vol. 2, p. 545.
Nucula divaricata, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 725, pi. 18, fig. 6.
Nucula divaricata, Con. Am. Jour. Sci., 1848, p. 432, fig. 1.
Nucula decisa, Con. ; P. E. E. Eep., Vol. 5, p. 322, pi. 3, fig. 19.
N. Conradi, Meek ; Smithsonian Check List.

Miocene, Astoria, Martinez ; Pliocene, San Fernando ; Post-Pliocene, Santa
Barbara, San Pedro, San Diego. Living.

* It has been claimed that this is the same as an English crag species, N. Cob-
boldice' I hardly think it necessary to attempt a serious refutation of the idea. It
would be contrary to all received notions of geographical distribution, to find here
an isolated species from an entirely distinct fauna, and out of another ocean. The
mistake has arisen from the close resemblance that exists between all the species
of this sub-genus ; a similar confusion having been created by Mr. Conrad between
the present shell, and an allied form from the cretaceous beds of California.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 103

LED A, Sehum. L. C^ELATA, Hds., sp.

Nucula ccelata, Hds. ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 99; Voy. Sulph., p. 64, pi.

18, fig. 13.

Leda ccelata, Hanley ; Thes. Conch., Vol. 3, No. 42, fig. 95, 96.
Pliocene, San Fernando ; Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro. Living.

L. CUNEATA, Sby.

Leda cuntata, Sby. ; Thes. Conch., Vol. 3, p. 128, figs. 92, 93.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro. Living.

YOLDIA, Moll. Y. NASUTA, Gabb.

Yoldia nasuta, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 216, pi. 32, fig. 287.
Tertiary (horizon?) " Los Angeles."

Y. IMPRESSA, Con., sp.

Nucula impressa, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 726, pi. 18, fig. 7.
Yoldia impressa, Meek ; Sin. Check List, Miocene.
Y. Cooperii, Gabb ; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1865, p. 189.
Y. Cooperii, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 31, pi. 9, fig. 54.
Y. Cooperii, Cpr. , Cooper ; Enumerations West Coast Mollusca.
Miocene, between Martinez and Monte Diablo, Astoria ; Pliocene, San Fer
nando ; Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

PECTEKT, Linn. P. CERROSENSIS, Gabb.

\
P. Cerrosensis, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 32, pi. 9, fig. 55.

Post-Pliocene, Cerros Island, off Lower California.

P. PROPATULUS, Con.

P. propatulus, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 726, pi. 18, fig. 13.
Miocene, Oregon ; Griswold's, Tomales Bay.

P. CATILLIFORMIS, Con.

P. catilliformis, Con. ; P. K. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 829, pi. 9, fig. 83.
Miocene, Ocoya Creek.

P. PABLOENSIS, Con.

P. Pabloensis, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 71, pi. 3, fig. 14.
Miocene, San Pablo, Martinez, Max Martinez Ranch.

104 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

P. PECKHAMI, Gabb.

P. Peckhami, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 59, pi. 16, fig. 19.
Miocene, San Pablo, Monterey County, Ojai Ranch.

P. PEDROANUS, Trask, sp.

Plagiostoma Pedroana, Trask ; Proc. Cal. Acad., Vol. 1, p. 86, pi. 3, fig. 1.
Flag, annulata, Trask ; loc. dt., p. 86, pi. 3, fig. 2.
Plag. truncaia, Trask ; loc. cit., p, 86, pi. 3, fig. 3.
Pecten Pedroanus, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 60.
Miocene, San Pedro.

P. HASTATUS, Sby.

P. hastate, Sby. ; Thes. Conch., 1847, p. 72, pi. 22, flg. 236.
P. hericeus, Gld. ; Proc. Bost. N- Hist. Soc., 1850, p. 236.
Id., Gld. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 457, pi. 42, fig. 570.
P. altiplicatus, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 191, pi. 3, fig. 2.
Post- Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

P. ISLANDICUS, Miill.

P. Icelandicus, Mull. ; Zool. Dan., p. 248.

P. Islandicus, Chemn. ; Conch. Cab., Vol. 7, p. 65, fig. 615, 616.

P. Fabricii, Phil. ; Abbild., p. 3, (101) tab. 1, fig. 5.

P. Pealii, Con. ; Amer. Marine Conch., p. 12, pi. 2, fig. 3.

Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

P. VENTRICOSUS, Sby.

Pecten ventricosus, Sby. ; Thes. Conch, p. 51, pi. 12, fig. 18, 19, and 26.
P. tumidus, Sby. ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1835, p. 109.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living,

JANIRA, Schum. J. DENTATA, Sby,, sp.

Pecten dentatus, Sby. ; Thes. Conch., Vol. 1, p. 49, pi. 15, fig. 105, 106
Janira dentata, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Kep., W. C. Moll., 1863, p. 645.
Vola dentata, H. & A. Ad. ; Gen. R. Moll.
Pecten excavatus, Val. ; Voy. Venus, pi. 19, fig. 1.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. . 105

J. BELLA, Con.

Janira bella, Con. ; P. R. E. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 71, pi. 3, fig. 16.
Pliocene, Santa Barbara.

LIROPECTEN, Con. L. ESTRELLANCS, Con.

Pallium Estrellanum, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 71, pi. 3, fig. 15.
Liropeclen Estrellanus, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1862, p. 291.
Miocene, Estrella.

L. CRASSICARDO, Con.

Pallium crassicardo, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1856, p. 313.
Liropecten crassicardo, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1862, p. 291.
Spondylus Estrellanus, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 191, pi. 1, fig. 3.
Miocene, Estrella ; Pliocene, Kirker's Pass, Santa Barbara, San Buenaven
tura, Ojai Ranch.

L. VOL^FORMIS, Con.

Pallium Estrellanum, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 191, pi. 3, fig. 3, 4.
Not P. Estrellanum, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 71, pi. 3, fig. 15.
Liropecten volceformis, Con.; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1862, p. 291.
Miocene, Estrella, and Valley of Nacismiento River.

L. VEATCHII, Gabb.

Pecten Veatchii, Gabb ; Pal. Gal., Vol. 2, p. 32, pi. 10, fig. 56.
Pliocene, Ojai Ranch ; Post-Pliocene, Cerros Island.

HINNITES, Defr. H. GIGANTEUS, Gray.

Hinnites giganieus, Gray ; A. Phil., 1826, p. 103.
Hinnita Poulsoni, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., 1834, p. 152, pi. 14.
Hinnites crassa, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep. , Vol. 7, p. 190, pi. 2, fig. 1, 2.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

ANOMIA, Linn. A. SUBCOSTATA, Con.

Anomia subcostata, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1855, p. 267.
Id., Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 325, pi. 5, fig. 34.
Pliocene, Colorado Desert.
PAL. VOL. II. — 15

106 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

A. LAMPE, Gray.

Anomia lampe, Gray ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 116.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro. Living.

OSTREA, O. BOURGEOISII, Rem.

Ostrea Bourgeoisii, Kern. ; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1863, p. 13.
Id., Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 33, pi. 11, fig. 57.
Pliocene, Kirker's Pass.

O. ATTWOODIT, Gabb.

Ostrea Attwoodii, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 33, pi. 10, fig. 58 ; pi. 11, fig. 58 b.
Miocene or Pliocene, (?) San Lorenzo Valley, Monterey County.

O. TATLORIANA, Gabb.

Ostrea Tayloriana, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 34, pi. 12, fig. 60.
Miocene, Santa Inez Mts., near Santa Barbara.

O. VEATCHII, Gabb.

Ostrea Veatchii, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 34, pi. 11, fig. 59.
Post-Pliocene, Cerros Island, and near Loreto, Lower California.

O. CERROSENSIS, Gabb.

Ostrea Cerrosensis, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 35, pi. 11, fig. 61.
Compare O. gallus, Val.; Voy. Venus.
Post-Pliocene, Cerros Island.

I have received from Prof. Eaimondi, of Lima, Peru, an oyster from the late
Tertiary deposits of Payta, which leads me to suspect the specific identity of Cer
rosensis with the form figured by Valenciennes in the Voyage of the Venus, under
the name of O. gallus. The only important difference is in size. The Peruvian
fossil agrees in size with the figure of the recent form ; while my fossil is not more
than half as large. Should no other characters show themselves, gallus will have
to stand as the name of the species.

O. LURIDA, Cpr.

O. lurida, Cpr. ; Eep. on West Coast Mollusca, 1863, p. 646.
Post-Pliocene, Benicift. Living.

TEPTIARY FOSSILS. 107

O. VESPERTINA, Con.

Ostrea respertina, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., 2 Ser., Vol. 2, p. 300.
0. vespertina, Con. ; P. K. K. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 325, pi. 5, fig. 36, 38.
Pliocene, Colorado Desert, Santa Barbara.

O. HEERMANNI, Con.

Ostrea Heermanni, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1855, p. 267.
O. Hecrmanni, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 326.
Pliocene, Colorado Desert.

O. TITAN, Con.

Ostrea Titan, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 72, pi. 4, fig. 17 ; pi. 5, fig. 17 a.

Miocene, Kirker's Pass, South of Mount Diablo, Walnut Creek, Estrella, San
Luis Obispo, Ojai Ranch, Cuyama R. Canon, Tulare Valley, and through
out the Coast Range wherever the Upper Miocene is found.

1AMIOSOMA, Con. T. GREGARIA, Con.

Tamiosoma gregaria, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1856, p. 315.

Tamiosoma gregaria, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 72, pi. 4, fig. 18.

Balanus Estrcllanus, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 195, pi. 8, fig. 1.

Radiolites gregaria, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1864, p. 214.

Tamiosoma gregaria, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 61, pi. 18, fig. 22, a, b, c, d

Miocene, Estrella, Santa Marguerita Ranch, Tulare Valley.

POLYZOA.
CELLEFORA, Fabr., Auct. C. CALIFORNIENSIS, G. &. H.

Cellepora Calif orniensis, Gabb & Horn. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., 1862, p. 130, fig. 12.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.*

* All the Polyzoa in this list are from the Post- Pliocene marl of Santa Barbara.
Most of them, if not all, have been found living on the coast, and I have made
extensive collections of the recent Pacific forms, which, to my great regret, I have
not been able to study, partly for want of time, and partly because my eyes will
not permit the use of the microscope. My friend. Dr. S. B. Howell, Secretary of
the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, has kindly undertaken the work,
and I trust that his results will be as useful as the subject is interesting. I have
retained here the Orbignyan generic names and classification, simply as a matter

108 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

C. BELLEROPHON, G. & H.
C. bellerophon, G. & H., op. cit., p. 132, fig. 13.

REPTESCHARELLA, d'Orb. E. HEERMANNII, G. & H.

R. Heermannii, G. & H. ; op. cit., p. 137, fig. 20.

E. PLANA, G. & H.
R.plana, G. & H. ; op. cit., p. 137, fig. 21.

PHIDOLOPORA, G. & H. P. LABIATA, G. & H.

Phidolopora labiata, G. & H. ; op. cit., p. 138, fig. 21.

REPTOPORINA. d'Orb. E. EUSTOMATA, G. & H.

R. eustomata, G. & H. ; op. cit., p. 144, fig. 26.

REPTESCHARELLINA, d'Orb. E. DISPARILIS, G. &. H.

R. disparilis, G. & H. ; op. cit., p. 147, fig. 29.

? E. HEERMANNII, G. & H.

? R. Heermannii, G. & H.; op. cit., p. 147, fig. 30.

E. CORNUTA, G. & H. .
R. cornuta, G. & H. ; op. cit., p. 147, fig. 31.

SIPHONELLA, Hagen. S. MULTIPORA, G. & H.

S. multipora, G. & H. ; op. cit., p. 154, tig. 38.

MEMBRANIPORA, Blainv. M. CALIFORNIA, G. & H.
M. Califomica, G. & H. ; op. cit., p. 160, fig. 46.

of convenience ; though I am satisfied that that author's divisions are eminently
artificial. A more extensive acquaintance with the subject, based on a study of
living as well as fossil forms, has satisfied me of the fallacy of his system, founded
on partial characters derived from the skeletons alone.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 10(J

M. BARBARENSIS, G. & H.
M. Barbarensis, G. & H. ; op. cit., p. 160, fig. 47.

IDMONEA, Lamx. I. CALIFORNICA, Con.

Idmonea Californica, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1855, p. 441.
Id., G. & H. ; op. cit, p. 168, fig. 56.

SEMITUBIGERA, d'Orb. S. TUBA, G. & H.
S. tuba, G. & H. ; op. cit., p. 169, fig. 57.

ENTALOPHORA, Lamx. E. PUNCTULATA, G. & H.

E. punctulata, G. & H. ; op. cit., p. 171, fig. 61.

LICHENOPORA, Defr. L. CALIFORNICA, Con.

L. Calif ornica, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1855, p. 441.
Id., G. & H. ; "op. cit., p. 176, fig. 68.

RADIATA.

CLYPEASTER, Lam. C. GABBII, Kern.

Clypeaster Gabbii, Re"m. ; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1863, p. 53.

Id., Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 12, fig. 64, 64 a,

Miocene, San Pablo, Martinez, Walnut Creek, and vicinity of Mount Diablo.

ECHIN ARACHNITIS, Van Phels. E. BREWERIANUS,

E. Brewerianus, Eem. ; loc. cit., 1863, p. 53.
Id., Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, pi. 12, fig. 65.
Miocene, Walnut Creek.

SCUTELLA, Lam. S. GIBBSII, Ke'ra.

Scutella Oibbsii, Bern. ; loc. cit., p. 13.

Id., Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, pi. 13, fig. 66.

Miocene, near Buena Vista Lake.

110 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

S. STRIATULA.

S. striatula, P. K. K. Rep., Vol. 7, pi. 19, fig. 1.

Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara, San Pedro, Seven Mile Beach, near San Fran-
cisco. Living.

S. INTERLINEATA, StimpSOD.

Scutella interlineata, St. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 153, pi. 4, fig. 30.
Pliocene, Seven Mile Beach, near San Francisco.

ASTRODAPSIS, Con. A. ANTISELLI, Con.

Astrodapsis antiselli, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 196, pi. 10, fig. 1, 2.
Miocene, near Buena Vista Lake.

A. WIIITNEYI, B&n.

Astrodapsis Whitneyi, Rem. ; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1863, p. 62.
Id., Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, pi. 13, fig. 67.
Pliocene, Kirker's Pass.

A. TUMIDUS, K&n.

A. tumidus, Rem. ; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1863, p. 62.
Id., Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, pi. 13, fig. 68.

ASTERIAS, Linn. A. EEMONDI, Gabb.

Asterias R(mondi, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 37, pi. 13, fig. 69.
Miocene, Star Fish Point, West of Martinez.

SPECIES

NOT YET ENCOUNTERED OR RECOGNIZED.

CALLIANASSA, Leach. C. OREGONENSIS, Dana.

Callianassa Oregonensis, Dana ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 722, pi. 17, fig. 3.
Miocene, Oregon.

MUREX, Linn. M. FRAGILIS, Trask.

Id., Trask ; Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855, p. 42.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara.

FUSUS, Lam. F. ARCTATUS, Con., sp.

Colus arctatus, Con. ; P. R. R. Eep., Vol. 5, p. 329, pi. 8, fig. 76.
Fustis arctatus, Meek ; Smithsonian Check List, No. 749.

P. BARBARENSIS, Trask.

Id., Trask ; Proc. Cal., Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855, p. 42.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara.

F. ROBUSTUS, Trask.
Id., Trask; loc. cit.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara.

F. RUGOSUS, Trask.
Id., Trask; loc. cit.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara.

BUSYCON. ? B. OREGONENSIS, Con., sp.

Fusus id , Con. ; Amer. Jour. Sci., 1848, p. 433, fig. 18.
Sycotypus id., Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 151.
Busycon ? id., Meek; Sin. Check List, No. 743.
Miocene, Astoria.

112 PALAEONTOLOGY OP CALIFORNIA.

PRISCOFUSUS, Con. P. CORPULENTUS, Con.

Fusus corpulentus, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 728, pi. 20, fig. 4.
Priscofusus id. , Con.; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 150.
Miocene, Astoria.

P. DEVINCTTJS, Con.

Buccinum devinctum, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 728, pi. 20, fig. 2.
Priscofusus id., Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 150.
Miocene, Astoria.

P. MEDIALIS, Con.

Cerithium mediale, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 728, pi. 20, fig. 1.
P. mediaiis, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 150.
Miocene, Astoria.

P. NODIFERUS, Con.

Indet., Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., pi. 20, fig. 12.
P. nodiferus, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 160.
Miocene, Astoria.

P. OREGONENSIS, Con.

Indet., Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., pi. 20, fig. 10, 11.
P. Orcffonensis, Con. ; Jour. Conch, 1865, p. 150.
Miocene, Astoria.

PLEUROTOMA, Lam. P. TRANSMONTANA, Con.

P. transmontana, Con. ; P. E. E. Eep., Vol. 5, p. 328, pi. 7, fig. 69.
Turris id., Meek; Smithsonian Check List, No. 693.
Miocene, Ocoya Creek.

PTTRPURA, Brug, P. PETROSA, Con. sp.

Stramonita petrosa, Con. ; P. E. E. Eep., Vol. 5, p. 327, pi. 6, fig. 47
Purpura id., Meek; Smithsonian Check List, No. 663.

GALEODEA, Link. G. PETROSA, Con.

O. petrosa, Con. ; Smithsonian Eocene Check List, No. 471.
" Oregon."

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 113

The above list gives no means of determining where this species was described;
and I can find no form to which to refer it, unless it be one of the succeeding,
both of which have been placed under the same specific name.

CASSIDEA, Swains. C. ? BILIRATA, Con., sp.

Semicassis? biliratus, Con. ; Sm. Check List (1866), No. 472.
Doliopsis id., Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 150.

Dolium petrosum, Con. ; (pars) Wilkes's Exped., p. 727, pi. 19, fig. 4.
Miocene, Oregon.

C. ? PETROSA, Con., sp.

Semicassis petrosus, Con. ; Sm. Check List, No. 474.

Doliopsis id., Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 150.

Dolium id., Con.; Wilkes's Exped. (pars), p. 727, pi. 19, fig. 3, 5.

Miocene, Oregon.

FICOPSIS, Con. F. MODESTA, Con., sp.

Pyrula modesta, Con. ; Am. Jour. Sci., 1848, p. 433, fig. 12.
Sycotypus id., Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 151.
Ficus id., Meek ; Sm. Check List, Miocene, No. 637.
Ficopsis id., Con. ; Sm. Check List, Eocene, No. 479.
. Miocene, Oregon.

FICUS, Bolt. F. OCOYANUS, Con., sp.

Sycotypus Ocoyanus, Con. ; P. K. E. Kep., Vol. 5, p. 329, pi. 7, fig. 72.
Ficus id., Meek ; Sm. Check List, Miocene, No. 635.
Miocene, Ocoya Creek.

NATICA, Brug. N. GENICULATA, Con.

Id., Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 328, pi. 7, fig. 67.
Miocene, Ocoya Creek.

It is not impossible that this may prove to be identical with Agasoma gravida,
but the figure in the Pacific Railroad Report is so very uncharacteristic, that I
have been unable to arrive at a satisfactory opinion on the subject.

PAL. VOL. II. — 16

114 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

LUNATIA, Gray. L. OREQONENSIS, Con.

L. Oregonensis, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 151.

Sigaretus scopulosus, Con. ; (para) "Wilkes's Exped., pi. 19, fig. 6, b, c.

Miocene, Oregon.

SINTJM, Bolt. S. SCOPULOSUM, Con., sp.

Sigaretus scopulosus, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 727, pi. 19, fig. 6 (exclus. b, c).
Catinus scopulosus, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 151.
Catinus scopulosus, Con. ; Sm. Check List, No. 469.
Catinus scopulosus, Con. ; (in Meek), Miocene Check List. .
Mr. Meek calls this shell Catinus, by request of Mr. Conrad, but under pro
test, and quotes Sinum as the more correct name.
Miocene, Oregon.

TTJRBONILLA, ElsBO. T. PAPILLOSA, Trask, sp.

Chemnitziapapillosa, Trask; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1855, p. 41.
Turbonilla papillosa, Meek ; Sm. Check List, No. 592.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara.

CANCEL! ARIA, Lam. C. ? OREGONENSIS, Con.

? C. Oregonensis, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 151.
Jndet., Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., pi. 20, fig. 8.
Miocene, Astoria.

CERITHIOPSIS, Fbs. & Hanley. ? C. OREGONENSIS, Con.

Cerithiopsis ? Oregonensis, Con.; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 151.
Jndet., Con.; Wilkes's Exped, pi. 20, figs. 13, 14.
Miocene, Astoria.

TURRITELLA, Lam. T. OCOYANA, Con.

T. Ocoyana, Con. ; P. K. K. Eep., Vol. 5, p. 329, pi. 8, fig. 72.
Miocene, Ocoya Creek.

MESALIA, Gray. M. ARENICOLA, Con.

M. arenicola, Con. ; Sm. Check List, Eocene, No. 326.

I know nothing of this shell, except that I find it quoted as above and referred
to "Oregon."

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 115

TROCHITA, Schum. T. DIEGOANA, Con.

T. Diegoana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 327, pi. 5, fig. 42.
Miocene, San Diego.

CRYPTA, Humph. C. ROSTRALIS, Con.

C. rostralis, Con. ; Jour. Conch.. 1865, p. 151.

Indet , Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., 1850, pi. 19, fig. 11.

Probably the same as C. rostriformis, Gld. ; Proc. Bost. N. Hist. Soc., 1846,

p. 1GO, and<7. rostriformis, Gld. ; Wilkes's Exped., Mollusca,p. 375, pi. 32,

fig. 482.
Miocene, Astoria.

VANIKORO, Quoy & Gaim. ? Y. DIEGOANA, Con., sp.

Narica Diegoana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 326, pi. 5, fig. 39.
Vanikoro Diegoana, Meek ; Check List, Miocene, No. 498.
Miocene, San Diego.

CEMORIA, Leach. C. CRUCIBULIFORMIS, Con.

Diadora crucibuliformis, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1855, p. 267.
Id., Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 73, pi. 5, fig. 23.
Cemoria id., Con. ; in Meek's Check List, No. 467.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Living.

DENTALITJM, Linn. D. SUBSTRIATUM, Con., sp.

Teredo substriata, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., 1850, p. 728, pi. 20, fig. 7.
Dentalium substriatum, Woodw. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1856.
Dentalium substriatum, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 151.
Miocene, Astoria, Oregon.

ACTJEON, Montf. A. ELLIPTICUS, Trask, sp.

Tornatella elliptica, Trask; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1855, p. 42.
Actceon elliptica, Meek ; Check List, No. 434.
Post-Pliocene, Santa Barbara.

CYLICHNA, Loven. C. OREGONA, Con.

C. Oregona, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 151.

Bulla petrosa, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 727, pi. 19, fig. 8.

Miocene, Astoria.

116 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

C. PETROSA, Con.

C. petrosa, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 151.

Bulina petrosa, Con. ; Am. Jour. Sci., 1848, p. 433, fig. 11.

Miocene, Oregon.

BULLA, Linn. B. JUQULARIS, Con.

B.jugularis, Con. ; P. R. E. Eep., Vol. 5, p. 328, pi. 7, fig. 62.
Miocene, Ocoya Creek.

ACEPHALA.

ENSIS, Sebum. E. CURTUS, Con.

Solen curtus, Con. ; Am. Jour. Sci., 1848, p. 433, fig. 13.
Ensis curtus, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 152.
Plectosolen curtus, Con. ; Sm. Check List, No. 239.
Miocene, Oregon.

SAXICAVA, Fleur. S. ABRUPTA, Con.

S. abrupta, P. K. K. Eep., Vol. 5, p. 324, pi. 3, fig. 25.
Post-Pliocene, San Pedro.

MYA, Linn. M. MONTEREYANA, Con.

Mya Montereyana, Con. ; P. E. E. Eep., Vol. 6, p. 70, pi. 2, fig. 4
Probably = Cryptomya Californica.

M. STJBSINUATA, Con.

Mya subsinuata, Con. ; P. E. E. Eep., Vol. 7, p. 72, pi. 2, fig. 5.
Probably also = Cryptomya Californica.

CORBULA, Brug. C. DIEGOANA, Con

Corbula Diegoana, Con. ; P. E. E. Eep., Vol. 5, p. 322, pi. 3, fig J6.
Post-Pliocene, San Diego.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 117

C. EVANSANA, Shum.

Corbula Evansana, Shum. ; Tr. St. Louis Acad., Vol. 1, p. 120.
Miocene, Port Orford, Oregon.

THRACIA, Leach. T. MACTROPSIS, Con.

Thracia mactropsis, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 69, pi. 2, fig. 3.
" Monterey County, California."

PANDORA, Brug. P. BILIRATA, Con.

P. bilirata, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 73, pi. 5, fig. 25.
Santa Barbara.

MACTRA. Linn. M. GABIOTENSIS, Con.

Mactra Gabiotensis, Con.; P. R. R. Rep , Vol. 7, p. 194, pi. 7, fig. 3.
Miocene, Gaviota Pass.

LUTRARIA, Lam. L. TRANSMONTANA, Con.

Lutraria transmontana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 194, pi. 5, fig. 6.
Los Angeles County.

TELLINA, Linn. T. DIEGOANA, Con.

Tellina Diegoana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 323, pi. 3, fig. 28.
San Diego.

T. OBRUTA, Con.

Tellina obruta, Con. ; Am. Jour. Sci., 1848, p. 436, fig. 6.
Miocene, Oregon.

T. ALBARIA, Con.

Tellina albaria, Con. ; "Wilkes's Exped., p. 725, pi. 18, fig. 5.
Miocene, Oregon.

T. BITRUNCATA, Con.

Tellina bitruncata, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 725.
Oregon.

118 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA

ARCOPAGIA, Leach. A. UNDA, Con.

Arcopagia unda, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 192, pi. 4, fig. 34.
Miocene, Santa Barbara, Estrella.

MACOMA, Leach. M. OCOYANA, Con.; sp.

Tellina Ocoyana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 329, pi. 7, fig. 75.
Miocene, Ocoya Creek.

M. ARCTATA, Con., Sp.

Tellina arctata, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 725, pi. 18, fig. 3.
Miocene, Oregon.

VENUS, Linn. Y. PAJABOENSIS, Con.

Venus Pajaroensis, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 192, pi. 4, fig. 1, 2.
Pajaro, near San Juan Bautista.

CHIONE, Megerle. C. ANGUSTIFRONS, Con.

Venus angustifrons, Con. ; "Wilkes's Exped, p. 724, pi. 17, fig. 11.
Dione angustifrons, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 152.
Miocene, Astoria.

C. VESPERTINA, Con., 8p.

Cytherea vespertina, Con.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1848, p. 432, fig. 9.
Dione vespertina, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 152.
Miocene, Oregon.

MERETRIX, Lam. M. UNIOMERIS, Con.

Meretrix uniomeris, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 323, pi. 3, fig. 20.
Miocene, Tres Pinos, Monterey County.

M. DECISA, Con.

Meretrix decisa, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 323, pi. 3, fig. 27.
Miocene, Ocoya Creek.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 119

M. TULARANA, Con.

Mereirix Tularana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 323, pi. 3, fig. 22.
? Miocene, San Emidio.

PACHYDESMA, Con. P. INEZANA, Con.

Pachydesma Inczana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 197, pi. 5, fig. 204.
Miocene, Santa Inez Mountains.

DOSINIA, Scop. ? D. LONGULA, Con.

Dosinia longula, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1856, p. 313.

Id., Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 71.

Id., Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 193, pi. 7, fig. 2.

Miocene, Salinas Valley.

This shell certainly does not look like a Dosinia.

D. MONTANA, Con.

Dosinia montana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 194, pi. 6, fig. 4.
Miocene, same locality.

D. SUBOBLIQUA, Con.

Dosinia subobliqua, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 194, pi. 6, fig. 6.
Miocene, same locality.

TAPES, Megerle. T. MONTANA, Con.

Tapes montana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 192, pi. 6, fig. 3 and 6.
San Buenaventura.

T. INEZENSIS, Con.

T. Inezenais, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 192, pi. 7, fig. 1.
Miocene, Santa Inez Mountains.

PETRICOLA, Lam. P. PEDROANA, Con.

Petricola PeHroana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 824, pi. 3, fig. 24.
San Pedro.

120 PALEONTOLOGY OP CALIFORNIA.

CARDIUM, Linn. C. MODESTUM, Con.

C. modestum, Con. ; P. K. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 322, pi. 3, fig. 15.
San Diego.

LUCINA, Brug. L. FIBROSA, Shum.

iMcinajibrosa, Shum ; Tr. St. Louis Acad., Vol. 1, p. 120.
Cyclas fibrosa, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 153.
Port Orford, Oregon.

L. PERMACRA, Con.

Cyclas (Lucina) permacra, Con. ; P. R. K. Kep., Vol. 7, p. 192, pi. 7, fig. 4.
Santa Monica.

L. ESTRELLANA, Con.

Cyclas (L.) Estrellana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 192, pi. 6, fig. 6.
Miocene, Estrella.

MYTILTIS, Linn. M. PEDROANUS, Con.

M. Pedroanus, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 825, pi. 6, fig. 40.
? Post-Pliocene, San Pedro.

M. INEZENSIS, Con.

M. Inezensis, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 194, pi. 8, fig. 2, 3.
Miocene, Santa Inez Mountains.

MODIOLA, Lam. M. CONTRACTA, Con.

ModMa contracta, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 325, pi. 5, fig. 25.
"Sixteen miles south of Tres Pinos, Monterey County," on the San Benito.

PERNA, Brug. P. MONTANA, Con.

Perna montana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 195.
San Buenaventura.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 121

ARCA, Linn. A. DEVINCTA, Con.

Area devincia, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 726, pi. 18, fig. 10.
Anomalocardia id., Con. ; Jour. Conch., p. 153.
? A. microdonta, Con. ; see note under that species in preceding list.
Miocene, Oregon.

A. OBISPOANA, Con.

Area Obispoana, Con. ; P. E. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 192, pi. 5, fig. 1.
San Louis Obispo.

A. CONGESTA, Con.

Area congesta, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 72, pi. 2, fig. 10.
" California."

LIMOPSIS, Sassi. L. NITENS, Con.

Pectunculus nitens, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 726, pi. 18, fig. 8.
Limopsis id., Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 163.
Miocene, Oregon.

L. OREGONENSIS, Con.

Indet., Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., pi. 18, fig. 11.
Limopsis Oregonensis, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 153.
Miocene, Oregon.

LEDA, Schum. L. OREGONA, Shum.

Leda Oregona, Shum. ; Trans. St. Louis Acad., Vol. 1, p. 121.
Neilo id., Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 153.
Nuculana id., Con.; Check List Eocene, No. 49.
Miocene, Oregon.

L. PENITA, Con., sp.

Nucula penita, Con.; Am. Jour. Sci., 1848, p. 433, fig. 10.
Neilo pcnita, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 153.
Nuculana penita, Con. ; Check List Eocene, No. 51.
Miocene, Oregon.

PAL. VOL. II. — 17

122 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

L. WlLLAMETTENSIS, Shum.

Leda Willamettensis, Shum. ; Tr. St. Louis Acad., Vol. 1, p. 121.
Neilo WUlamettensis, Con. ; Am. Jour. Conch, 1865, p. 153.
Nuculana Willamettensis, Con. ; Check List Eocene, No. 59.
Miocene, Oregon.

NEILO, H. & A. Ad. N. ABRUPTA, Con.

Nucula abrupta, Con. ; Am. Jour. Sci., 1848, p. 433, fig. 3.
Neilo abrupta, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 153.
Miocene, Oregon.

FECTEN, Linn. P. COOSENSIS, Shum.

P. Coosensis, Shum. ; Tr. St. Louis Acad., Vol. 1, p. 122.
Miocene, Coos Bay, Oregon.
Compare P. propatulus, Con.

P. DESERTI, Con.

P. Deserti, Con. ; P. K. K. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 325, pi. 5, fig. 41.
Pliocene, Colorado Desert.

P. NEVADANUS, Con.

P. Nevadanus, Con. ; P. K. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 329, pi. 8, fig. ^7.
Miocene, Ocoya Creek.

P. MEEKII, Con.

P. Meekii, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 190, pi. 1, fig. 1.
San Rafael Hills.

P. DISCUS, Con.

P. discus, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 190, pi. 3, fig. 1.
Santa Inez.

P. MAGNOLIA, Con.

P. magnolia, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 191, pi. 1, fig. 2,
Santa Inez.

TERTIARY FOSSILS. 123

OSTEEA, Linn. O. SCBJECTA, Con.

Ostrea subjecta, Con. ; P. K. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 193, pi. 2, fig. 3.
Sierra Monica, Miocene ?

O. PANZANA, Con.

Ostrea Panzana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 7, p. 193, pi. 2, fig. 4.
Panza Valley and Estrella, Miocene.

TEREBRATTJLA Llhyd. ? T. NITENS, Con.

Terebratula nitens, Con. ; Wilkes's Exped., p. 726, pi. 19, fig. 1.
Rhynconella nitens, Con. ; Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 154.
Miocene, Astoria.

RADIATA.

GALEEITES. Gr. OREGONENSIS, Dana.

Galerites Oregonertsis, Dana; Wilkes's Exped., p. 729, pi. 21, fig. 6, 6.
Miocene, Oregon.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Since the preceding pages were stereotyped, the following additions and correc
tions have been obtained from my friends Messrs. Tryon and Stearns, who have
examined the proof sheets. I have also detected two or three omissions, which are
here corrected.

TROPHON squamulifer, Cpr. Found by Mr. Stearns, living at Monterey and
Catalina Island ; common.

NEPTUNE A lirata, Mart., Alaska; a large series has been compared by Stearns
and Morse with N. decemcostata, and they consider them identical; circumboreal.

MARGARITA salmonea, Cpr. " Is not worth a variety distinction from pupilla."
(Stearns.)

CLYFIDELLA bimaculata, Dall. Is now considered by Stearns and Carpenter, to
be identical with caUomarginata, after a comparison of a large suite of shells and
animals.

124 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

ZIRPH^EA, Leach.

Z. DENTATA, Gabb.

Z. dentata, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 18, pi. 3, fig. 31 a.
Pliocene, Kirker's Pass.

MACOMA, Leach.

M. CALCAREA, Chemn., sp.

Tellina calcarea, Chemn. ; .Conch. Cab., Vol. 6, p. 140, fig. 136.

T. inconspicua, Brod. and Sby ; Zool. Jour., Vol. 4, p. 363.

Sanguinolaria California, Con. ; Jour. Phil. Acad., 1 Ser., Vol. 7, p. 231,

pi. 17, f. 11.

Tellina lata, Gmel. ; Syst. Nat., p. 3237.

T. proxima, Brown ; Zool. Beechey's Voy., p. 154, pi. 44, fig. 4.
T. Pedroana, Con. ; Pacific R. K. Kep., Vol. 5, p. 323, pi. 3, fig. 17.
T. sordida, Couth, ; Bost. Jour., Vol. 2, p. 59, pi. 3, fig. 11.
T. tenera, Leach; Appendix to Ross's Voyage.
Macoma Pedroana, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 94.
Mac. inconspicua, Cpr. ; Brit. Assn. Rep., 1863.
Circumboreal ; fossil in the Post Pliocene of San Pedro.

ARCA, Lam.

A. SULCICOSTA, Gabb.

Area sulcicosta, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., "Vol. 2, p. 31, pi. 9, fig. 53, 63 a.
Pliocene, Mark West Creek, near Sta. Eosa.

MORRISIA, Davidson.

M. HORNII, Gabb.

Morrisia Hornii, Gabb; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 371.
Id., Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 36, pi. 12, fig. 63.
Post Pliocene, Sta. Barbara.

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

VOL. II.

SECTION II.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS.

PART I.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES.
(CONTINUED FROM VOL. i.)

(125)

CRUSTACEA.

CRUSTACEAN remains are extremely rare in the California Cretaceous ; fragments
\rf but three species having yet been encountered. PI. 19, fig. 1, represents a
carapace of a small crab, a unique specimen from Martinez, discovered by Mr.
Mathewson, in a coarse-grained gray sandstone. Figures 2, a-f, are three frag
ments of claws, remarkable for their long, slender form. Dr. Stimpson concurs
with me in the belief that they all belong to the same species, though they vary
much both in size and shape. They are from a dense gray claystone, associated
with Piiloteuthis foliatus and Diptychoceras loevis, from the vicinity of Cottonwood
Creek, Shasta County.

CALLIANASSA, Leach.
C. STIMPSONII, Gabb.

PI. 19, Pig. 8.
(Callianassa Stimpsonii, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 67, pi. 9, fig. 1, a, b, c.)

Figure 1 b, above quoted, was unfortunately so misrepresented by the artist as
not only to be unrecognizable, but also to give an entirely incorrect idea of the
shape. This was due to the original drawing representing the two upper angles
broken away, and the lithographer having substituted a curved line in the place
of the broken one in my drawing. The present figure is from the same sketch,
with the sole addition of the probable outline being restored.

(127)

MOLLUSCA.

CEPHALOPODA.

PTILOTEUTHIS, N. Gen.

ELONGATE, subovate, very thin, anterior end broadly angulated,
no mid-rib ; slipper either minute or wanting. Surface marked
by numerous, irregular, small wrinkles, which radiate backwards
and outwards, partly from the anterior end and partly from an
imaginary median line.

The present anomalous form cannot be confounded with any previously-described
genus. Beloteuthis and Phylloteuthis are narrow in front, and enlarge more or
less behind, and both have a mid-rib. Beloteuthis has straight radiating lines, all
diverging from. the anterior end, and these are usually crossed by concentric lines
or undulations ; Phylloteuthis has a very narrow anterior end, a mid-rib, and well-
marked, straight, rigid, lateral striae diverging at a broad angle from the mid-rib
alone. Coccoteuthis has a thick substance, and the surface is strongly pustulated.
Ptiloteuthis is very thin ; the lines or wrinkles, about twice as wide apart as the
thickness of the shell-substance, branch and anastomose among themselves, and
radiate in part from the anterior end, but in part diverge from a central line occu
pying the proper position for a mid-rib, but only marked by the change in the
direction of the stria?. The anterior end terminates in an angle of about 60°, and
the slipper, if it ever existed, was so small as to be barely more than rudimentary.

P. FOLIATUS, n. 8.
PI. 19, Fig. 4.

SHELL thin, elongated, subovate; anterior end angulated, the
sides rounding and rapidly widening, merging into the lateral
margins, which are broadly convex, nearly parallel ; posterior
( 12S ^

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 129

end unknown, the terminal portion being very much broken in
the only specimen I have seen. From the median line, the posi
tion of the mid-rib in most of these shells, the wrinkles diverge
backwards and outwards at an angle of about 25°, curving more
outwardly as they approach the margin; these wrinkles are acute
on the dorsal face of the shell, and inclose concave interspaces of
very variable length ; the longest lines, which originate at the
anterior end of the shell, reach the margins about midway be
tween the two extremities.

Length, 3 inches -|- 5 width, 1.2 inches in the middle ; the total length seems to
have been from 3.3 to 3.5 inches. Thickness apparently not more than .01 inch,
as exposed by several fractures.

Locality : Shasta Group,* Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County. A single speci
men in my cabinet, found by Mr. Mathewson.

BELEMNITES IMPRESSUS, Gabb.

This is the only cretaceous Belemnite so far discovered in California. It is one
of the most characteristic fossils of the Shasta Group, and besides the localities
mentioned in the report of the Survey, Vol. 1, it has been found at various places
on the east side of the Northern Coast Eange, more especially in Colusa County,
and elsewhere east of Clear Lake.

* For reasons which will be detailed in their proper place, I consider the group,
for which I here propose this name, to be the equivalent, or at least the nearest
'representative, of the Neocomien. It has been heretofore included, for want of
positive grounds of separation, as a provisional member of the " Division A," of
the California Cretaceous. I shall, further, in this paper, use the term Martinez
Group, for the upper portion of "Division A" of the California Reports; the Chico
Group, for those beds of which Chico Creek, Pence's Ranch, and Tuscan Springs
are typical localities ; and shall call " Division B" the Tejon Group, these localities
being the points where the respective formations are most strongly developed.

PAL. VOL. II.— 18

130 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

AMMONITES, Brug.
A. BREWERII, Gabb.

PI. 20, Fig. 5 ; PI. 19, Fig. 5 a, b, 6, 6 a.

(Ammonites Erewerii, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol." 1, p. 62, pi. 10, fig. 7.)
(A. Ncwberryanus, Gabb; (pars) loc. cit., PI. 10, fig. 6.)

This shell was originally described from several imperfect
casts in sandstone, showing nothing but the surface characters,
and not all of those in a perfectly satisfactory manner. Subse
quent research has placed me in possession of abundant material
for redescribing the species.

Shell discoidal, compressed; whorls increasing in size with
moderate rapidity, each whorl embracing about one-half of the
preceding one; sides flattened, converging convexly towards the
dorsum, which is narrowly rounded; umbilical margin of the
whorl abruptly truncated at nearly a right angle. Mouth semi-
elliptical, the dorso-ventral diameter twice the transverse, the
ventral emargination, produced by the encroachment of the pre
ceding volution, being about one-fifth of the greater diameter.
Umbilicus nearly one-fourth the diameter of the shell. Surface
variable from nearly smooth, or marked only by sinuous striae, to
strongly costate, the striae assuming the character of irregular
ribs, most marked near, and on the dorsum.

Septum :. Dorsal lobe small, bifurcate a little below the middle,
and bearing two points in the notch ; each branch carrying two
spurs on the outer side; above the bifurcation are a large and a
small spur on the main lobe. Dorsal saddle broad, divided into
two unequal parts, the lower of which is much more deeply sub
divided than the upper. Superior lateral lobe longer than the
dorsal, trifurcate, the lateral branch on the upper side arising
somewhat higher than the corresponding one on the other side,
and being much more subdivided; above the origin of these

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 131

branches are two spurs on each side; these, as throughout the
whole septum, are more complex on the dorsal than on the ven
tral side of the lobe. Lateral saddle similar to the dorsal, but
smaller. Inferior lateral lobe about as long as the dorsal, re
sembling in shape the superior lateral, but not half so complex ;
the inferior lateral branch having diminished to a mere spur.
Below this, to the umbilical angle, are three lobes and three
saddles, presenting the fundamental characters of the laterals,
but rapidly simplifying.

This description of the septum would apply very nearly to that of A. Hoffman-
nii, but in that species the lobes are broader, more symmetrical on the upper and
lower sides, the saddles are proportionally larger, and the diminution in size and
complexity of the lobes from the superior lateral is more marked and rapid.

The illustration given in Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, pi. 10, fig. 6, is of a young specimen
from Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County.

Locality : Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

A. TKASKII, Gabb.

PI. 19, Fig. 7, a, b.
(A. Traskii, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 63, pi. 11, fig. 10; pi. 12, fig. 11.)

Young specimens of this shell have so many points of difference from the
adult that they might be mistaken for a different species. The adult has a mouth
nearly as broad as long, the sides of the whorl being strongly arched. A specimen
a little over two inches in diameter, shows a section nearly identical with that of
A. Hoffmannii, PI. 11, fig. 13 a, while a still smaller one before me, 1.3 inch in
diameter, is as flat on the sides as A. Brewerii ; and the ribs, which are strongly
sinuous on the sides, become obsolete at the dorso-lateral margin, the dorsum being
very much flattened and smooth.
This species is not rare at Cottonwood Creek, Shasta Group.

A. HOFFMANNII, Gabb.

PI. 20, Fig. 8, a.
(A. Hoffmannii, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 65, pi. 11, 12, fig. 13, a, b, c.)

A variety of this shell was collected by Mr. Mathewson at Cottonwood Creek,
in which the whorls are much thicker than in the form described ; the aperture

r ,

132 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

being exactly as wide transversely, as from the dorsum to the umbilical margin.
The periodical constrictions on the cast figured, are about as numerous on these
specimens as on the flatter forms, the thickening of the shell at those points show
ing itself as a faint rib on the outside; a specimen before me has eight on one
volution. The other ribs, mentioned in the description and shown in the figure
quoted above, are entirely absent in some cases. No differences exist in the septum.

A. BATESII, Trask.

PI. 20, Fig. 9, a; PI. 21, Fig. 10, a, b.

(A. Eatesii, Trask ; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1855, p. 40.)

(Id., Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 67, pi. 13, fig. 16, 16 a, b.)

The largest known, most widely diffused, and one of the most variable Ammon
ites of California.

The form described by Dr. Trask, and used by me as the typical form of the
species, is many whorled, the volutions nearly circular in section, increasing very
slowly in size, and barely more than in contact. In this form the surface is usually
ornamented by simple, linear ribs, with fine revolving lines in the interspaces.
Another variety was mentioned, in which the whorls increase much more rapidly
/in size, several specimens having been found of over a foot in diameter. A third
variety has since been obtained, in which, in the young state, up to an inch, or an
inch and a half in diameter, the whorls are broader than high, the dorsum. broadly
rounded, and the umbilicus occupies more than half the diameter of the shell, is
funnel-shaped, very deep, and is bordered by a sharp angle, the surface between
this angle and the suture being flat. As the shell in this variety grows older the
angle disappears, the flattening gradually rounds out, and the older shell assumes
the normal form of the species, except that it bears an occasional well-marked,
rounded, slightly sinuous rib ; the linear ribs are found in the very young shell,
but have not been detected in the older forms of this variety. In all of these
varieties the septum, which is very characteristic of the species, continues the same.
The figure of the septum given in the first volume, is from a weathered specimen,
and has lost all of its more minute details. Besides the parts figured and described,
the ventral lobe seems to be very large, and projects a spur beyond the suture, the
points reaching to and intruding between the tips of the lower branch of the
inferior lateral.

A. TEHAMAENSIS, Gabb.

(A. subtricarinatus, Gabb (not d'Orb.) ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 60, pi. 10, fig. 4.)

Further study of this shell leads me to believe that it is distinct from subtricar-
inatus. It differs from that species in having three distinct, acute dorsal keels;

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 133

d'Orbigny's shell possessing but one in the middle, the undulated dorsal ends of
the lateral ribs making the other two. The Californian species bears a series of
ribs on the sides, all larger in proportion than in the French shell, and entire,
while in the other they are alternately bifurcate ; that is to say, the ribs are alter
nately an entire one, reaching from the umbilical to the dorsal margin, and a Y
shaped rib dividing on the middle of the shell, and sending two branches to the
dorsum. In size, and in proportionate size of volutions, the two shells are closely
allied, as well as in general style of ornament; and so far as we yet know, the
geological horizon of the Californian is very near that of the European species.
The absolute age of the Cretaceous strata of the northern part of the State has
not yet been fully determined ; but, as will be explained in the proper place, it
seems not improbable that representatives of both the Gault and Lower Green
Sand will be found included in what has here been provisionally termed the Shasta
Group. It is apparently from this member that the present species is derived.

A. SUCIAENSIS, Meek.

PI. 21, Fig. 11, a, b.
(A. complexus var. Suciaensis, Meek ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 317.)

A very characteristic, but not very perfect specimen of this species was found
near Monte Diablo. Mr. Meek, to whom I sent sketches, says that he considers
it identical with the Sucia Island form ; differing in some of the details of the
septum, but not sufficiently to indicate a specific difference.

A. JUGALIS, D. 8.
PI. 22, Fig. 12, a, b', 13 a.

SHELL small, rounded discoidal, whorls rapidly increasing in
size and deeply embracing; body whorl sub-appressed oil the
sides or, in some cases, regularly arched, dorsum rounded; um
bilicus small, deep, margin rounded, o£ sub-angulated. Surface
polished, or marked only by a few faint, sinuous lines, arching
forwards, and more distinct on the dorsum ; besides these there is
a variable number of thickened ribs in the substance of the shell,
starting from the umbilical margin, and curving outwards and
forwards sinuously, and crossing the dorsum, where they are
most strongly marked; these ribs, from three to six in number
on a single volution, are more prominent on the internal than on

134 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

the external face of the shell, and leave corresponding grooves
on the cast.

Septum composed of a dorsal, superior and inferior lateral, and
four supplementary lobes. Dorsal lobe long, bifurcate for two-
fifths of its length, with two small points over the siphuncle ;
the branches bearing two spurs on the outer side; above the
branches are one large and two smaller spurs. Dorsal saddle
deeply divided into three irregular branches. Superior lateral
lobe pretty symmetrically trifurcate; the upper lateral branch
being a little more complex than the lower; twx> spurs above on
each side. Lateral saddle like the dorsal, but a little smaller.
Inferior lateral lobe much smaller than the superior, slender,
un symmetrical, obliquely bifurcate near its end, and bearing a
large branch on the upper side near the middle. Supplementary
saddles bifurcate; supplementary lobes rapidly diminishing in
size to the umbilical angle, and resembling in fundamental struc
ture, the inferior lateral.

Diameters : greater, 1.6 inch ; lesser, 1.25 inch ; diameter of umbilicus, .2 inch ;
height of aperture from umbilical angle, .9 inch ; width, .65 inch. A specimen
from Benicia gives for the greater diameter, 2. inch ; lesser, 1.5 inch ; umbilicus,
.28 inch ; height of aperture as above, 1. inch ; width, 1. inch.

This shell, though one of the most inconspicuous, is nevertheless one of the most
interesting of the California Ammonites, being the only member of the family
known to occur at the same time in the Martinez and Tejon Groups. It is found
at Martinez and Benicia in the former group, and I have collected it in the latter,
in place, at the very top of the series at the coal-mines near Clayton. Plate 10,
figs. 5, and 6 b, Cal. Keport, Pal., Vol. 1, are from a specimen from above the coal-
beds on Coal Mine Hill, near Mount Diablo.

£
0

A. WHITNEYI, n. s.

PI. 22, Fig. 14, o, 6.

SHELL discoidal, whorls about six, rounded, slightly embracing,
increasing gradually in size; sides rounded, slightly converging
towards the dorsum, which is regularly arched ; umbilical margin
abruptly rounded; umbilicus broad, shallow. Aperture sub-

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 135

ovate, considerably wider towards the ventral margin tnan near
the dorsal, but slightly emarginated by the encroachment of
the preceding volution. Surface marked by simple, straight,
rounded ribs, arising on the umbilical margin, and continuing
over the dorsum.

Septum composed of a dorsal, a superior and an inferior lateral,
and two supplementary lobes to the umbilical margin. Dorsal
lobe divided for half its length, deeply notched over the siphuncle,
each branch tridentate on the end, carrying one compound and
two 'simple spurs on the outer side ; body of the lobe bearing
two large spurs and one smaller one above. Dorsal saddle broad
and divided into two compound bifurcate branches. Superior
lateral lobe as long as the dorsal, narrow and bifurcate in the
middle, each branch being trifurcate on the end, and carrying
One large spur above on the outer side ; body of the lobe with '
two or three smaller spurs above. Lateral saddle like the dorsal,
but a little more simple. Inferior lateral lobe shorter than the
superior, divided a little below the middle into one complex
branch on the ventral side, and two more simple ones towards the
dorsal ; above this division is a large transverse spur on each side.
Inferior lateral saddle small and deeply bifurcate. First supple
mentary lobe small, bifurcate, the lower branch tridentate ; the
remaining lobe consists of but three small spurs.

From the Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County.
Diameter, 4.25 inch ; diameter of umbilicus, 1.6 inch; height of aperture from
top of inclosed volution, 1.8 inch ; greatest width, 1.8 inch.

A. STOLICZKANDS, n. s.

PI. 23, Fig. 16, a.

SHELL thick, robust, heavily costate ; whorls five or six, increas
ing rapidly in size, enveloping nearly one-half of the preceding
volution ; sides arched, most prominent in the middle, or a little
nearer the umbilical than the dorsal margin; back broadly
rounded, nearly flat; umbilicus large and deep, the umbilical

136 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

face of the volutions nearly straight, the margin rounded. Sur
face ornamented by large ribs arising on the margin of the um
bilicus, and crossing the dorsum transversely; these ribs all show
a tendency to tuberculation, though alternate ones only carry the
tubercles well developed ; these are arranged as follows : one
small one on the umbilical angle, a larger one, slightly flattened
in the direction of the rib, and placed on the middle of the side
of the whorl; and a very large one, strongly flattened in the
same manner, and placed on the dorsal face between the median
line and the dorso-lateral margin ; the arrangement of the last
pair of tubercles is such that the dorsal face of the shell appears
to carry a deep and broad median groove. The alternating,
intermediate ribs in some cases are tuberculate, and reach the
margin of the umbilicus, while in others, they are nearly obso
lete, and occasionally entirely wanting.

The septum seems to be composed of a dorsal and two or
three lateral lobes, quite small but complex, and with large
saddles.

Diameter, 3.7 inch; diameter of umbilicus, 1.4 inch; height of aperture, 1.4
inch; width, 1.8 inch.

This is one of the most strongly characterized species of the California Creta
ceous, having no near allies in shape or ornamentation in the State, so far as known.
It belongs to the same group as A. tuberculatus, Sby., A. Michelinianus, d'Orb.,
and A. Archiacianus, d'Orb., three species characteristic of the Gault of Europe.
The first of these has a deep, narrow groove on the dorsum, and large tubercles,
but no transverse ribs ; the second is characterized by similar tubercles, but in the
place of single ribs proceeding from the umbilicus across the dorsum, the ribs bifur
cate on the umbilical margin, and on the dorsal face the tubercles are connected
by a scries of oblique ribs, presenting a zigzag appearance. The nearer ally is A.
Archiacianus; but while this resembles it in both the transverse section and in the
general arrangement of the tubercles, it has no ribs on either the sides or back,
the spaces between the series of tubercles being, in a measure, channelled.

I take pleasure in dedicating it to my friend Dr. Ferd. Stoliczka, Palaeontologist
of the Geological Survey of India, in recognition of his able and valuable labors
among the Cretaceous fossils of that country.

" From the Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County. A single specimen
obtained by Mr. Mathewson.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 137

A. FRATERNUS, D. 8.
PI. 23, Fig. 15, a, b.

SHELL small, whorls rounded, deeply enveloping; sides rounded
and converging towards the dorsum, which is regularly convex;
umbilicus deep, moderate in size; umbilical margin rounded.
Surface marked by slightly sinuous ribs, nearly straight, arising
on the umbilical margin, and continuing over the dorsum; every
fourth or fifth of these ribs is a little larger than the others, and
bears a prominent flattened tubercle on the border of the umbil
icus. An occasional constriction exists between the ribs.

Septum composed of a broad dorsal, a large superior lateral, a
very small inferior lateral, and two supplementary lobes. Dorsal
divided for about a third of its length, carrying two large ser
rate teeth over the siphuncle, each branch with a large, and two
smaller spurs on the outer side ; body of the lobe with three large
spurs above the division. Dorsal saddle bifurcate, each branch
subdivided. Superior lateral lobe trifurcate, the branches nearly
equal and trifid at the extremities ; a large and a small spur above
the fork. Lateral saddle nearly as wide as the dorsal. Inferior
lateral lobe not more than half as long as the superior, trifid on
the end, with two small spurs on the upper side and one on the
lower. Supplementary lobes very small and trifid.

Diameter, 1.4 inch; diameter of umbilicus, .45 inch ; height of aperture, .55
inch ; width, .6 inch.

A single specimen, nearly a miniature of A. Traskii, in general appearance, but
with almost identically the septum of A. Hoffman-nil, differing only from that of
the latter species in some of the details. It cannot be the young of either of
these species however, because though its surface resembles Traskii the septum is
radically different; while all of its external details, »,he form and ornamentation,
are entirely unlike any of the very large number of Hoffmannii that I have ex
amined. No specimen of that species that I have ever seen shows the slightest
trace of tuberculation, and in none are the ribs so marked. The single constric
tion on the surface of the specimen before me, is not due to a thickening of the
shell-substance, but is as strongly marked on the outside of the shell itself as on
the cast. Another point, though of less importance than the above, is that this

PAL. VOL. II. — 19

138 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

shell is from the Martinez Group, while both of the other species are peculiar to
the Shasta Group.

Locality : Martinez Group, Benicia ; found by my lamented friend, Mr. Esmond.

TURKILITES, Lam,

T. OKEGONENSIS, Gabb.

(T. sp. indet., Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 73, pi. 20, fig. 201.)

At the above place I indicated the existence of the first known species of the
genus on the West Coast, but did not feel warranted in naming it from so small
a fragment. I have since seen several fragmentary specimens from Oregon, the
finest of which is from the Cretaceous deposit on the Crooked Creek of the Des
Chutes, the existence of which was made known by the Geological Survey in 18G4.
The shell is very constant in its sculpture, the spire elevated, and the whorls
increase slowly in size. The longest spiral 1 have seen is between two and three
inches in length.

ANCYLOCERAS, d'Orb.

A. REMONDI, Gabb.

pi. 23, Fig. 17.

( Crioceras (Ancyloceras ?) Remondi, Gabb ; Pal. Cal. , Vol. 1, p. 75, pi. 14, fig. 24, 24 a.)
(Ancyloceras sp.?, Gabb; loc. tit., p. 78, pi. 15, fig. 30.)

An examination of the septum of an undoubted fragment of the spiral part of
this species, proves beyond question that the opinions I expressed in regard to the
straight portion were correct. The species will therefore have to stand under the
above name. . .

A. PERCOSTATUS, Gabb.

PL 24, Fig. 19.
(Crioceras percostaius, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 77, pi. 16, 17, fig. 26.)

This magnificent species was described from fragments, and in the specimen
figured, the outer portion fitted so neatly over the inner volution, that I was mis
led into believing that they were parts of a continuous spiral. Additional material

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 139

has thrown lighten the subject, and proves that the closely costate portions figured
on PI. 16, belong together as the spiral, succeeded by a long subquadrate arm
without ribs, the " outer whorl " with the large ribs being a part of the recurved
portion of a true Ancyloceras. The species is enormous, but variable in size. The
specimen figured was about thirty inches in length, while one very perfect speci
men in the cabinet of Mr. Voy, now deposited in the museum of the College of
California, is but seventeen inches long.

? A. LINEATUS, n. S.
PI. 23, Fig. 18, a, b, c.

This species is only known by two fragments of the straight
limb. The section is ovate, a little narrower on the ventral than
on the dorsal side ; surface marked by numerous, very slightly
oblique linear ribs, with broad concave interspaces; each rib
bears on its dorso-lateral face a minute tubercle.

Septum composed of a dorsal and ventral lobe, and two laterals
on each side, giving three saddles on each side. Dorsal lobe
divided a little below the middle, with two teeth over the siphun-
cle, each branch bearing two spurs on the outer side, one large
spur and one very small one on the body of the lobe. Dorsal
saddle broad, deeply divided into two bifurcate parts. Superior
lateral lobe broad, as long as the dorsal, bifurcate in the middle,
each branch again bifurcate, and with a large spur on its outer
side above the subdivision ; the body of the lobe bears a single
large spur above the fork. Lateral saddle like the dorsal. In
ferior lateral lobe like the superior lateral, but a little smaller.
Ventral saddle like the others, but a little smaller. Ventral lobe
shorter than the others, trifurcate, the branches dentate, two
small spurs above the branches.

This septum is unlike any other in California, unless it be that
of ? Hamites quadratus, which it resembles in the number and
fundamental plan of structure of the lobes. In that species the
saddles are proportionately very much larger, and the lobes are
more compact; the degree of complexity could be accounted for
by the difference in size. The two shells differ materially in form.

140 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

Length of the largest fragment, 2.7 inch; greater diameter, .85 inch,- lesser, .7
inch ; distance between the ribs, .1 inch.

One specimen from the Shasta Group (?) Cottonwood Creek, another from near
Folsom, from "Bock Corral," found by Mr. Gorham Blake.

HELICANCYLUS, N. Gen.

General form resembling Ancyloceras; shell commencing with
a dextral, open, descending spiral, as in Helicoceras, the spiral
afterwards opening, the shell becoming straight for a definite
distance, and then recurving as in Ancyloceras.

The relations of this genus are obvious ; it is an Ancyloceras in which the spiral
portion, instead of forming in the same plane, descends as in Helicoceras.

It may be questioned, how far these aberrations, from the regular spiral form
of the more typical Ammonitidce, may retain a generic value. It is by no means
difficult to take the leading genera Ammonites, Turrilites, Baculites, &c., and find
trenchant characters ; but it becomes more difficult to find sharp lines of division
when we take all the species of the family and endeavor to place each in a well-
defined genus. Successive discoveries are every year introducing new links into
the chain of genera, until it seems almost impossible to imagine any new form,
or any combination of characters on which new genera can be founded.

In this aberrant group of Crioceras, Helicoceras, Ancyloceras, Heteroceras, Ani-
soceras, Toxoceras, and Helicancylus, it seems inevitable that the addition of any
other form must almost unavoidably result in the destruction, or coalescing of some
of the at present received genera.

The present genus is founded on a single species, of which I am so fortunate as
to possess an almost entire series of fragments of all the parts. Although allied to
Pictet's Ani&oceras, it differs in the young shell being a regular descending spiral,
and not sinuous. That author figures, in his " Traite de Paleontologie," a very
crooked fragment, such as could by no possibility belong to the present shell, any
more than it could be a part of a Helicoceras or a Turrilite.

The figures of various species of Anisoceras, in Pal. Suisse, show a style of orna
ment very similar to the present one.

In his description, M. Pictet says : " II parait character-is^ par une forme plus
irreguliere que chez ancune autre ce"phalopode. La coquille dans le jeune age est
Binueuse, formant une spirale irreguliere he"liciforme, a tours disjoints, ayant tous
une double courbure, et ne pouvant pas etre compris dans un plan. Plus tard elle
se redresse et s'inflechit en crosse comme les Ancyloceras." It will be seen that
the above definition cannot apply to the present genus.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 141

The same author anticipated the occurrence of this genus, as will be seen by
consulting the analytical table of the group in Part 3, Paleontologie Suisse. He
defines the three allied genera thus :

" Une spire composed de tours disjoints, et une crosse. Ancyloceras."

" Portion spirale tres courte et irregulidre, a tours tres-ecartes, une tres-grande
crosse comprise dans une plan. Anisoce?'as."

" Spire reguliere d'Helicoccras terminee par une crosse. Gas possible non encore
observe."

There is one character, to which attention has been called, both by this author
and by Dr. Stoliczka, in Palseontologia Indica, which, if found to be constant in
Anisoceras, will serve as a good means of distinguishing the two genera; I fear,
however, that a generalization on this point may yet be premature. I refer to
the style of the septum. Pictet defines his genus as possessing six lobes and six
saddles, the two laterals being bifurcated and nearly equal. Stoliczka more properly
reduces the number to five, and speaks of the ventral as being rather a lobule than
a distinct ventral lobe, on account of its small size and simple ornament in all
the species yet examined. The present species has six lobes, the ventral being
normally large, and the lateral being deeply trifurcate, the inferior lateral not
more than half the length of the superior ; thus resembling much more the style
of Ancyloceras than Anisoceras.

Among the species referred to Anisoceras, and yet but imperfectly known, there
are some that seem open to the suspicion of belonging in the present group. The
most marked case is perhaps Hamites tenuisulcatus, Forbes, Ancyloceras id., d'Orb.,
Anisoceras id., Stol. The figure of the spiral portion in Pal. Ind., Vol. 3, pi. 85,
fig. 14, certainly looks like our genus, and there seems to be nothing incompati
ble with this view, in the figure by Forbes in the Geol. Transactions. Its septum
is as yet unknown.

H. ^EQUICOSTATUS, Gabb.

PL 25, Fig. 20 a— g.
(Piychoceras cequicostatus, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 74, pi. 13, fig. 20.)

SHELL rather small; spiral portion with the spire low, the
height being about equal to twice the thickness of the outer
volution ; whorls increasing very gradually in size, nearly in
contact; number of whorls unknown, but from the rate of
increase in diameter, about four or five (one and a half pre
served) ; the straight limb was apparently about twice as long as
the diameter of the spiral ; the larger terminal limb seems to

142 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

have increased more rapidly in diameter than the others, is not
perfectly straight, but bends a little outwards, giving a convex
line longitudinally on its ventral face. Surface of the spiral por
tion ornamented by oblique, nodulated ribs; these are small,
linear, and arched forwards on the ventral face, large on the sides
and dorsum, and more advanced on the lower than upper side,
being oblique on the dorsum; they carry three pairs of nodes, one
on each side of the median dorsal line, one on each dorso-lateral
margin, and one on the middle of each side. The straight limb
retains these ribs, which here lose their obliquity, but retain all
the other characters; in addition, on this part of the shell, be
tween each pair of these ribs, is placed a smaller, simple rib.
On the return limb, the ribs lose all their tubercles, become even
in size, acute, and with concave interspaces; the section of this
portion of the shell is rounded subquadrate, a little narrower on
the dorsal than on the ventral side.

Septum composed of a dorsal and ventral lobe, and two laterals
on each side. Dorsal lobe broad, divided for half its length, each
branch carrying three equal spurs on the outer side; above this,
on the body of the lobe, are one large and three smaller spurs.
Dorsal saddle divided into two bifurcate branches. Superior
lateral lobe longer than the dorsal, broad, and carrying three
slender, nearly equal branches; the middle one trifid on the end,
the upper lateral much more complex than the lower; above
these, on the body of the lobe, are two or three spurs, diminish
ing regularly upwards. Lateral saddle like the dorsal, but a little
smaller, and obliquely divided. Inferior lateral lobe not more
than half as long as the superior, slender and equally trifurcate.
Ventral saddle like the others, but smaller. Ventral lobe nearly
as long as the dorsal, slender, trifurcate, each bradch trifid, the
laterals bearing two spurs above on the outer side; the body of
the lobe carries two spurs above the origin of the branches.

Total length, 6 inches; diameter of spiral, 2 inches; diameter of volution at
termination of spiral, .6 inch ; height of apex, .9 inch ; length of longest fragment
of first straight limb, 4. inches ; length of longest fragment of return limb, 2.7

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. . 143

inches; greater diameter of aperture of same, 1.3 inch; lesser diameter, 1.15 inch.
It is very probable that these fragments do not all belong to the same individual.
The specimen figured in Vol. 1, Pal. Cal., seems to be more nearly in proportion
to the spiral herein described. That fragment shows the recurve, and on one or
two of the ribs of the thinnest part, can be seen tubercles corresponding in char
acter to those described above.

DIPTYCHOCERAS, N. Gen.

Three straight limbs iii contact, partly enveloping.

This genus bears the same relation to Ptychoceras that Hamites does to Hamu-
lina. It is a Ptychoceras in every respect, except that it has an additional limb
which incurves, enveloping both the preceding to a slight degree only.

Stoliczka and d'Orbigny both notice the occurrence of species of Ptychoceras
with more than two limbs, and the former author amends the definition of the
genus so as to cover the case. His description is as follows : " Elongated, lanceo
late, straight, once, twice (or many times?) reflected; the siphuncle dorsal, the
sutures divided into six lobes and six saddles, all of which (excepting the ventral
lobe?) are bipartite." With all deference to so high an authority as Dr. Stoliczka,
I am not prepared to accept this definition of Ptychoceras, unless, at the same time,
we modify the characters of several other genera of the family. If the number
of straight limbs is not of generic value, then why not include Baculites also ? In
the present state of our knowledge, it seems that there is a well-defined group of
species characterized by two straight, parallel limbs, the larger, or newer of which
never develops beyond a certain point on the length of the smaller ; while another
group, including P. Dupinianum, d'Orb., P. Forbesianum, Stol., and the following
species, has this larger limb continued and again reflected. Should it be ascer
tained that there is a gradation between these two, or that other species have more
than two reflections, then there will be good grounds for doubting the validity of
my genus ; until then, I believe we have sufficient reasons for maintaining it.

Solenoceras, Conrad, founded on a single specimen of Hamites annulifer, Morton,
is a shell that had at least two straight limbs, one partially enveloping the other;
the greater of these has at its large end, a little offset or deflection, apparently
indicating an abrupt bending backwards, or outwards, of the shell, and not an in
curving, as in the present form. "Whether this was the case, what was the entire
form of Solenoceras, or whether it can be at all separated from Ptychoceras, are as yet
unknown. All the information we possess on the subject is obtained from a unique
specimen, which shows no peculiar generic characters, and which was, in plain
truth, separated from Ptychoceras only on suspicion.

144 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

D. L-Evis, n. s.

PL 25, Fig. 21, a, b.

SHELL moderate in size, limbs long and slender, section of the
smaller limb sub-elliptical, slightly flattened on the ventral side;
second limb subcircular, very slightly emarginate by the encroach
ment of the preceding branch ; last limb suddenly incurved, and
extending to (or beyond ?) the middle of the shell. Surface plain,
polished, and ornamented only by a few extremely faint undula
tions; the outer or final limb, which is in places very much
broken, had one or more constrictions or internal ribs, which do
not seem to have been visible on the external surface ; one or
two such internal ribs seem to have existed, though in a much
less degree, on the middle limb. Septum composed of a dorsal,
a ventral, superior lateral, and two supplementary lateral lobes ;
dorsal lobe deeply divided into two curved branches, each
branch bearing one very large spur on the outer side ; the body
of the lobe with one lateral spur above on each side. Dorsal
saddle broad, divided into two branches, that. on the upper side
being again divided. Superior lateral lobe shorter than the
dorsal, more robust, and resembling it in pattern. Lateral saddle
like the dorsal, but smaller, and both branches simple. First
supplementary lobe very oblique, small and trifurcate. Second
straight and simple. Ventral lobe longer than the dorsal, slender,
trifurcate, the middle branch toothed, the laterals trifid; above
these branches, one large spur on each side.

Length of specimen (less a little of the smaller end), 2.65 inch ; total length, 3.
inch?; length of small limb retained in the specimen, 1.4 inch (=1.75 inch
total?); length of larger limb, 1.6 inch ; (aperture partly destroyed) ; approximate
diameter of aperture, .45 inch ; diameter in middle of middle limb, .35 inch ;
diameter in middle of small limb, .12 inch.

From the Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County. Not rare ; dis
covered by Mr. Mathewson.

The present species seems very closely allied to Piy. Forbesianum, Stol. ; Pal. Ind. ,
Vol. 3, p. 196, pi. 90, fig. 11, but is twice the size of that shell, and differs in the

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 145

presence of the faint undulated ribs on the larger limbs, and in the presence of the
well-marked internal ribs. Unfortunately no septum was detected in the Indian
species, and we cannot be absolutely certain of their specific difference, since the
characters on which the two forms are separated, are among those which are most
subject to variation.

BACULITES, Lam.
B. OCCIDENTALIS, Meek.

(B. ovatus ? Meek (not Say), Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 4, p. 48.)

(B. occidentalis, Meek; loc. cit., p. 49.)

(B. sp. indet., Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 81, pi. 17, fig. 28, 28 a; pi. 14, fig. 28 b.)

As yet, only known from Vancouver Island, whence Mr. Meek obtained speci
mens, which he referred doubtfully to Say's species, pointing out some differences
and suggesting the above name, should these differences prove constant. More
recently in his enumeration of the Cretaceous fossils, in the Proceedings of the
Philadelphia Academy, and in the Smithsonian Check List, he has elevated the
form to the rank of a distinct species, in which I follow him.

GASTEROPODA.

FUSUS, Lara.

F. TUMIDUS, n. S. .
PI. 26, Fig. 22.

SHELL elongated fusiform, thick; spire elevated, whorls six or
seven, sides swollen, outline sinuous ; body whorl concavely slop
ing above, tumid in the middle, narrowed in advance. Aperture
broad above, narrow below, canal produced; outer lip simple (?),
inner lip slightly incrusted. Surface marked by about ten short
broad longitudinal ribs or undulations on the middle of the
whorl, crossed by numerous revolving linear ribs.

PAL. TOL. II. — 20

146 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

Length, 1.15 inch -J- 5 width, .6 inch. The total length of a perfect specimen
would probably be about 1.4 inch.

Very rare. A single specimen from the Martinez Group, at Martinez ; Coll. by
Mr. Mathewson.

This shell is allied to F. Martinez, but differs in the more narrowly tumid char
acter of the whorls, and the fewer longitudinal ribs. F. Martinez, so far as known,
is characteristic of the Tejon Group.

F. OCCIDENTALIS, n. S.
PI. 26, Fig. 23.

SHELL small, robustly fusiform ; spire moderately elevated, tur-
riculated ; whorls five, augulated, sloping straight above, body
whorl slightly convex below. Aperture broad, angulated pos
teriorly, produced in a narrow canal in front; outer lip simple,
inner lip incrusted. Surface marked by about thirteen or four
teen small nodes on the angle of the whorls, and by numerous
revolving ribs, about six or seven above the angle, and from six
teen to twenty below, two or three of which are larger than the
others.

Length of broken specimen, .6 inch; total length, about .7 inch; width of
body whorl, .45 inch ; width of aperture, .2 inch. "With the preceding.

NEPTUNEA, Bolt.

S. G. Tritonofusus, Beck.
(Atractus, Ag. preoc.}

!N". (T.) CRETACEA, II. S.
PI. 26, Fig. 24.

SHELL thin, short, rounded fusiform ; spire low, whorls five,
rounded. Aperture broad, angulated behind, produced into a
curved canal anteriorly; outer lip simple, thin, columella curved,
excavated in the middle. Surface smooth, or if sculptured, carry
ing only very minute markings.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 147

Length, 1.7 inch ; width, 1. inch ; length of aperture, 1.2 inch.

The only specimen I have seen is from Martinez, from the Tejon Group, or from
the beds intermediate between that and the Martinez Group, west of the town. It
is so weathered that the sculpture, if any, is obliterated. The only shell with
which this could be confounded, even in casts, is Fasciolaria l<Eviuscula, and from
that it can be readily distinguished by its more gibbous form and curved canal.

!N". MUCRONATA, n. 8.
PI. 26, Fig. 25.

SHELL moderate in size, thin, rounded fusiform ; spire elevated,
acute; whorls seven, rounded; suture sharply defined, linear;
body whorl regularly convex, swollen in the middle, excavated
in advance. Aperture large, acute behind, continued into-, a
(slightly curved?) canal in advance; outer lip simple, thin; inner
lip slightly incrusted; canal (from lines of growth) moderately
produced and a little deflected. Surface marked by a few faint
striae of growth, and by regular, small, revolving impressed lines.

Length, 1.1 inch; width of body whorl, .6 inch; length of aperture, .65 inch.
Not common in the Martinez Group, at Martinez ; Mathewson. The shell re
sembles somewhat Fusus Calif ornicus, but can be distinguished by its more slender
acuminate spire, the entire absence of longitudinal ornament, thinner shell, more
convex form, the curved canal, and by the details of sculpture. F. Californicus
has not, as yet, been found at so low a horizon, stratigraphically, as the present
species.

PAL^EATRACTUS, N. Gen.

I propose this name for a group of Fusoids of more or less
pyriform shape, with a low spire, thick shell, slightly twisted
columella, simple outer lip, inner lip incrusted, and with a heavily
ribbed or cancellate surface. They cannot with propriety be
placed in any of the heretofore described genera of Fusince;
Neptunea has a more or less elevated spire, and its sub-genus,
Tritonofusus, with a low spire, is very thin, and the surface smooth r
or marked only by fine lines; Cantharus has the outer lip crenu-

148 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

lated or striate internally; Tritonidca has a tooth on the posterior
part of the columellar lip, and the other genera are obviously un
tenable.

P. CRASSUS, n. s.

PL 26, Fig. 26.

SHELL small, pyriform, heavy ; spire low, whorls five, rounded;
suture impressed. Surface marked by prominent revolving ribs,
crossed by irregular longitudinal ribs or lines ; these latter are
variable in size, number, and disposition, generally having a more
or less regular arrangement, being of about the same size as the
revolving ribs, and producing nodes or tubercles on the latter
where they cross; between the larger markings are very numer
ous fine lines of growth. Aperture broad in the middle, acute
behind; outer lip simple, inner lip incrusted; canal moderate and
slightly twisted.

Length, .62 inch ; width, .45 inch; length of aperture, .5 inch.

From the Shasta Group, from a canon in the foot-hills, a mile south of the road
from Colusa to the Sulphur Springs, near the eastern margin of the Coast Eange,
Colusa County. Rare.

ERIPACHYA, N. Gen.

SHELL short, robust, subovate to subfusiform, spire moderately
elevated. Aperture broad, terminating in advance in a very short
canal or a mere notch; outer lip simple; inner lip more or less
heavily incrusted. Surface marked by longitudinal ribs and re
volving lines.

The present genus is proposed to receive three species described in Pal. Cal.,
Vol. 1, under the name of Neptunea, but which possess a series of characters in
common, sufficiently different from the typical species of that genus, to warrant
their separation. They are small shells, about an inch in length, robust, thick, and
want entirely the recurved canal of Neptunea; and they cannot, with any greater
propriety, be placed in any of the other described genera of the family. They arc

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 149

all peculiar to the older divisions of our California Cretaceous, and two out of the
three species are represented by but few specimens, and are confined to single
localities.

E. PONDEROSA, Gabb.

(Ncptunea ponderosa, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 88, pi. 18, fig. 38.)

The most common of the three species, numerous specimens having been ob
tained at Tuscan, or Lick Springs, by Dr. Veatch. It has also been found at
Pence's Kanch, Butte County.

E. PERFORATA, Gabb.

(Neptunea perforata, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. l,p. 89, pi. 18, fig. 39.)

Referred by error to page 81 on the index to the plate.

Not rare at Cottonwood Creek, Shasta Group ; unknown elsewhere.

A small shell, half an inch long.

E. HOFFMANNII, Gabb.

(Neptunea Hoffmannii, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 90, pi. 18, fig. 41.)
Found with the preceding. Rare.

? NEPTUNEA GRACILIS, Gabb.

This shell, and ? N. supraplicata, were referred to Neptunea, because they agree
with that genus, more than with any other. They however possess some charac
ters which render this reference doubtful, and more perfect material than has yet
been obtained will perhaps warrant their separation.

PERISSOLAX, Gabb.
P. BLAKEI, Con. Sp.

(Busycon ? Blakei, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 322, pi. 2, fig. 13.)
(P. Blakei, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 92, pi. 21, fig. 110.)

A specimen before me, of this shell, from Martinez, has three distinct revolving
angles on the body whorl, instead of the two on the specimen figured as above,
and the spire is not so high. Mr. Conrad denies my determination of the species,
saying that his Busycon Blakei is very different. I cannot agree with him, and am
perfectly satisfied that this is the shell described by him from Tejon, where it is
very abundant, and where no similar shell has ever been found. I would be less

150 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

positive were it not that he holds the same opinion about several other species, and
it is not probable that a single boulder should have contained several species,
never afterwards encountered by Professor Brewer on his visit, by me on the three
or four occasions when I have been there, or by Dr. Horn, who collected there
assiduously for a number of months !

Mr. Conrad, in the Smithsonian Check List, mentions a P. Gabbii, Con. No
such species has ever been described; can this be the shell ? Mr. C. says he does
not remember, and I have no other clue.

SURCULA, H. & A. Ad.

S. PR^ATTENUATA, D. 8.
PI. 26, Fig. 27.

SHELL very long and slender; spire unusually high; whorls
angulated, numerous (perhaps ten or more). Surface marked by
a row of small nodes on the angle of the whorls, and by numer
ous small revolving ribs, crossed by irregular lines of growth, the
latter, at times, elevated, so as to form imperfect longitudinal ribs.
Aperture short, as compared with the height of the spire ; outer
lip broadly and shallowly emarginate above the angle of the
whorl, produced and regularly convex below.

Length, 2.5 inch (about); length of aperture, 1 inch; length of body whorl, .7
inch.

From the Tejon Group, San Diego ; Dr. Cooper.

This species can be at once distinguished by its extremely elongate form, and
the comparatively short aperture. As is usually the case with very slender fossil
shells, it is nearly impossible to obtain an entire specimen, and I have never been
able to see the whole spire. From the rate of diminution in size of the whorls
towards the apex, I believe the species to have had at least ten, and perhaps one
or two more volutions.

S. (SURCULITES) SINUATA, Gabb.

PI. 26, Fig. 28.
(Conus sinuatus, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 123, pi. 29, fig. 227.)

SHELL broadly fusiform, spire shorter than the aperture, tur-
reted ; whorls about six to six and a half, angulated, concave

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 151

above, the upper volutions undulated or minutely nodose on the
angle ; suture channelled. Aperture moderately wide, biangular
posteriorly, outer lip deeply notched above the angle, prominently
rounded in the middle. Surface marked by Hues of growth, and
by a few faint revolving lines anteriorly.

Length, 1.9 inch ; width, .9 inch ; length of aperture, 1.2 inch.

From the Tejon Group, Tejon ; at Canada de las Uvas and Arroyo de los Alisos.

The species was originally described from a single broken specimen, which
since proves to have been immature. It showed none of the characteristic por
tion of the lower part of the mouth, and while I noted the peculiar curve in the
outline of the body whorl, 1 was misled into believing it to be a Cone. Having
since obtained better specimens, I am fortunately able to refer it to its proper
genus. It belongs to a group in the genus that has been indicated by Mr. Conrad,
under the sub-generic name of Surculites, and which is characterized by the angu-
lated form of the present species. Mr. Conrad's type is an Eocene fossil.

S. (SUKCULITES) INCONSPICUA, n. S.
PI. 26, Fig. 29.

SHELL small, spire high; whorls six (?), angulated, concave
above and on the side ; body whorl broad, rapidly tapering in
advance. Surface marked by two large revolving ribs, one on
the angle and one a little in advance; between these, and on the
upper part of the whorl, the surface is covered with minute re
volving lines ; below the lower of the two ribs, the remainder of
the shell is marked by small revolving ribs. Aperture broad,
biaugular posteriorly; outer lip notched above, produced below;
inner lip slightly incrusted; canal moderate.

Length of fragment, .47 inch ; total length of shell, about .55 inch ; width of
body whorl, .3 inch ; length of aperture, .25 — .28? inch.
From the Martinez Group, Martinez. Kare; Mathewson.

HETEROTERMA, N. Gen.

SHELL short, robust-fusiform, spire low, body whorl dilated,
canal moderately long, straight; outer lip broadly notched or
emarginate near the suture; columellar lip incrusted.-

152 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

The general form, and the notch at the upper part of the outer lip, place thia
genus, without question, in the Pleurotomidce, but its thick shell, low spire, and
very broad body volution, separate it unmistakably from all the known genera of
the family.

H. TROCHOIDEA, n. 8.
PI. 26, Fig. 30, 30 a.

SHELL depressed fusiform, spire low, whorls five and a half,
concave above, body whorl bicariuate, each carina bearing a row
of large rounded tubercles ; suture linear, undulated, the upper
margin of each whorl being attached to the upper row of tuber
cles on the preceding volution ; between the two carinae on the
body whorl, the surface is obliquely concave ; anteriorly it is deeply
excavated and produced in a long straight canal. Aperture broad
above, narrow and straight below; outer lip simple, broadly emar-
ginate on the upper surface, inner lip incrusted. Surface orna
mented, besides the tubercles, by minute revolving lines, smaller
above than below, and showing a tendency in advance, to alter
nation in size.

Length, restored from lines of growth, .9 inch ; width of body volution, .6
inch ; length of aperture, .65 inch.

Hare in the Martinez Group, Martinez; Mathewson.

BELA, Leach.

B. CLATHRATA, n. 8.
PL 26, Fig. 81.

SHELL small, subfusiform; spire elevated, whorls six, the first
1J — 2 nuclear, rounded, smooth; the others angular, flat, or
slightly concave on the sides, and sloping above a little concave
to plane ; body whorl excavated below, bicarinate in the middle.
Aperture moderately broad, tapering slightly in advance ; outer
lip simple, broadly excavated above, and slightly prominent in
the middle ; inner lip slightly incrusted. Surface marked by two

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 153

revolving angles, between which, and above to the suture, are
very minute revolving striae ; in advance of the lower angle, these
striae are larger and alternate in size; besides these the whole
surface is covered with longitudinal raised lines corresponding to
the strise of growth.

Length, .37 inch ; width of body whorl, .18 inch ; length of aperture, .2 inch.
A single specimen from the Tejon Group, Martinez ; Mathewson.

CORDIERA, Rouault.

C. MITR^FORMIS, n. 8.
PI. 26, Fig. 32.

SHELL elongate, mitrseform, spire comparatively low ; number
of whorls unknown ; body whorl concave, angulated and undu
lated above, long, slender, and sinuous below. Aperture long
and narrow, biangular posteriorly, narrowing gradually in ad
vance ; outer lip thin, obliquely emarginate between the angle
and the suture, very slightly sinuous, nearly straight below ; inner
lip rather heavily incrusted, and bearing two (possibly three)
oblique folds near the middle ; canal produced, straight ; suture
impressed, linear, slightly irregular. Surface bearing ten or
eleven prominent, slightly oblique longitudinal ribs, starting from
the angle of the whorl, and becoming obsolete before reaching
the middle ; crossing these are numerous revolving ribs, small
above the angle and large and rounded below.

Length (less the greater part of the spire), .9 inch ; length of aperture, .65 inch ;
width of body whorl, .4 inch.

This beautiful little shell has no near relatives in form, either in the genus, or
among its associates in the formation, in other genera. Its discovery is of especial
interest, since it is only the second known Cretaceous species of the genus, the
other being also Californian ; and this being by far the oldest species yet discovered.
The existence of its congener in the Tejon Group was one of the numerous argu
ments used by an eminent authority, in support of his view of the Tertiary age of
that formation ; while we now have the genus carried back to near, if not to the

PAL. VOL. II. — 21

154 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

very base of the Cretaceous. So much for ti priori reasoning, based on negative
grounds.

From the Shasta Group, Colusa County, near the Hot Sulphur Springs.

TRITONIUM, Link.

T. CALIF.ORNICUM, n. s.

PI. 26, Fig. 33.

SHELL small, thin ; spire elevated, whorls seven and a half, the
first three and a half minute, nuclear, rounded and smooth ; the
others rounded and costate ; suture impressed, varices about two
to a volution, prominent. Aperture wide in the middle, acute
posteriorly, and narrowed and produced into a short canal
anteriorly ; outer lip acute on the margin, bearing a thickened,
rounded varix behind; inner lip slightly incrusted; canal abruptly
deflected, moderate in length. Surface ornamented by about
twenty acute longitudinal ribs, and about a dozen revolving ribs ;
between each pair of the latter are two or three fine elevated
striae ; where the first four of the larger revolving lines cross the
longitudinal ribs, at each point of intersection, is a minute
tubercle.

Length, .7 inch ; length of aperture, .45 inch ; width of body whorl, 4 inch.
Kare in the Tejon Group, Tejon. Dr. Horn.

S. Gen. TRACHYTRITON, Meek.
T. (T.) TEJONENSIS, n. s.

PI. 26, Fig. 34.

SHELL large, fusiform, thin, spire elevated; whorls four and a
half or five, subangulated, nodose. Aperture broad, anterior end ? ;
outer lip (? dentate or) plicate within, inner lip straight anteriorly;
body whorl flattened and sloping above, bearing about ten flat
tened tubercles on the angle, and with two or three larger and
numerous smaller revolving lines anteriorly.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 155

Length of a broken specimen (a cast), 2 inch ; width of body whorl, 1.3 inch ;
length of aperture, 1 inch -{-•

I have seen but a single specimen of this species, and that a cast, but I venture
to describe it because it is so different from all the other fusiform shells in the for
mation, that it cannot well be mistaken. The impression on the matrix, and traces
of ribs on the cast, together with small fragments of shell, show the surface to
have been costate ; and some plications at the oral margin of the cast, indicate
either a dentate or plicate labrum. There is a trace of but a single varix, and that
high up on the spire ; this shows traces of numerous, well marked teeth.

Tejon Group, Arroyo de los Alisos, Tejon.

T. (T.) FUSIFORMIS, n. 8.
(Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, pi. 18, fig. 45.)

SHELL small, short fusiform, spire nearly as long as aperture;
whorls five and a half, angulated. Aperture moderately wide,
biangular posteriorly, narrowing in advance ; inner lip slightly
curved and iucrusted; upper portion of body whorl flattened.
Surface marked by fifteen or sixteen longitudinal ribs, diminish
ing from the angle towards the suture, and extending anteriorly
to near the middle of the shell; these are crossed by numerous
revolving ribs ; on the external surface can be seen one or two
arrests in growth, indicated by a crowding and increase in size of
lines of growth, and corresponding to a more strongly marked
internal varix.

Figure, above quoted, somewhat enlarged ; one of the varices is shown on the
body whorl, near the aperture. Tejon Group, Tejon. Eare.

This shell was overlooked while writing the descriptions for the first volume of
the California Eeport; and I did not detect the mistake until too late to rectify it.

BRACHYSPHrNGUS, N. Gen.

SHELL bucciniform, short, robust, thick; spire low; aperture
large, notched anteriorly; outer lip simple; inner lip iucrusted
with a smooth callus ; surface longitudinally ribbed or striate.

The nearest allied genus to this, is Cominella; they differ, in the present form
wanting the high spire, and the compression of the whorls near the suture, char-

156 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

actcristic of that genus ; it also resembles some of the forms of Bullia, especially
in the sub-genus Buccinanops, but the form of the aperture will at once distinguish
them.

B. LIRATUS, Gabb.

(Buccinum liratum, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 96, pi. 28, fig. 211.)

B. SINUATUS, n. 8.
PI. 26, Pig. 35.

SHELL short, thick, subovate ; spire low, whorls four to four
and a half, almost entirely hidden, except on their upper margin;
suture variable, sometimes deep and bordered by a thickening
of the succeeding whorl, sometimes almost linear; body whorl
swollen in the middle, and marked by sinuous longitudinal lines
of growth, and in some specimens by undulations of the same
form ; on the anterior part of the shell are a few minute revolv
ing lines. Aperture broad in the middle, acute behind, narrowed
in front, and deeply and narrowly notched; a rib revolves back
wards from this notch around the anterior portion of the shell,
occupying the former position of the notch at the successive
stages of growth ; outer lip simple, slightly sinuous in outline ;
inner lip heavily incrusted.

Length, 1.4 inch; width of body whorl, .9 inch; length of aperture, 1.1 inch.

A very variable shell, both in the height of the spire and in the intensity of the
surface markings. Some specimens are perfectly smooth except for the revolving
lines, while others are strongly costate by well marked but irregular sinuous longi
tudinal ribs produced by irregular growth.

From the Tejon Group, Martinez; found over a small area, but apparently
common, where they do occur ; all the specimens were obtained by Mr. Mathewson.

BULLIA, Gray.
Molopopfiorus, N. /Sub- Gen.

Short, robust, spire moderately elevated, suture bordered by a
more or less distinct carina. Surface longitudinally ribbed or

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 157

striate. Aperture obtuse behind, and very slightly notched; outer
lip simple, inner lip very slightly incrusted, sinuous; anterior
notch small but distinctly defined.

The present form has the carinated, or subangulated posterior portion of the
whorl, characteristic of some species of the genus Bullia, but more nearly the
shape of the sub-genus Buccinanops, d'Orb.

The species is of the same general style as Bullia (Buccinanops) moniliferum,
Val., but its very low spire and small anterior notch, separate it.

B. (M.) STRIATA, n. S.
PL 26, Fig. 36.

SHELL small, compact; spire moderately elevated, whorls five,
convex, the first two smooth, the others longitudinally ribbed ;
suture deep, undulated, and bordered by a rib on the top of the
succeeding whorl. Surface ornamented by irregular longitudinal
strise, some of which are more elevated than the others, and form
slightly sinuous ribs. Aperture broad, outer lip simple, very
obscurely notched adjoining the suture; inner lip very sinuous,
slightly incrusted; anterior notch deep, narrow and oblique,
bordered by two faint, variable folds, which revolve obliquely
around the canal.

Length, .3 inch ; width, .2 inch ; length of aperture, .21 inch.

Kare in the Tejon Group. Dr. Horn.

A pretty little Buccinoid shell, entirely unlike anything else in California.

TURBINELLA, Lam.

T. CRASSITESTA, 11. 8.
PI. 26, Fig. 37.

SHELL moderate in size, subfusiform, thick, spire low; whorls
four to four and a half, suture distinct. Surface marked by four
or five large revolving ribs on the middle and upper part of the
whorl, and smaller ones anteriorly, the larger of these are crossed

158 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

by twelve to fourteen broad longitudinal ribs, each point of in
tersection being marked by an enlargement of the revolving ribs.
Aperture broad in the middle, narrowed and straight in advance;
outer lip acute and undulated on the margin, inner lip thickened,
flattened, and bearing two distinct oblique folds in the middle;
canal produced, straight.

Length, 1.2 inch; length of aperture, 1 inch ; width of body whorl, .6 inch.
Hare in the Martinez Group, Martinez. Mr. Mathewson.

MITRA, Lam.
M. CRETACEA, Gabb.

(Mitra cretacea, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 103, pi. 28, fig. 215.)

Since the publication of the first volume of the Keport, another specimen of this
rare species has been obtained at the same locality, from the Tejon Group. It
differs in some respects from the first, showing faint traces of crenulation on the
angle of the upper whorls, the body whorl is more robust, and the anterior end,
which was absent in the first specimen, is regularly tapering, making the aperture
slightly longer than the spire. All of the whorls are more distinctly carinated on
the angle than in the specimen figured.

FICOPSIS, Con.

Mr. Conrad proposed this name to include a group of thin subfusiform shells,
apparently allied to Ficus, but with a somewhat higher spire, and a straight, or
nearly straight, and somewhat produced canal. The group seems to be a well
defined one, and includes numerous species in the newer Cretaceous, and in the
Eocene. His type is his Ficus penitus, = Pyrula cancellaia, Lea, of the Alabama
Eocene.

The following Californian species belong to this type :

F. REMONDII, Gabb.

(Fusus (Hemifusus) Remondii, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 87, pi. 18, fig. 36.)

F. HORNII, Gabb.

(F. (H.) Hornii, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 86, pi. 28, fig. 206.)

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. \ 159

F. COOPERII, Gabb.

(F. (H.) Cooperii, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Yol. 1, p. 86, pi. 28, fig. 207.)

UROSYCA, N. Gen.

SHELL thin, pyriforrn, spire very slightly elevated, body whorl
long. Surface transversely striate or caucellate. Aperture broad
above, narrow and produced below; outer lip simple, inner lip
very slightly incrusted; canal long, slender, and slightly twisted.

This genus seems to be closely allied to Ficopsis, but differs from it in its more
pyriform shape, and in the canal being more slender, proportionally longer, and
contorted instead of being perfectly straight. Mr. Conrad has placed Ficopsis as
the next genus to Ficus, and I think correctly. "We have thus, at least three
genera of this group, characterized by their general ficoid shape, thin shells, low
spires, and more or less delicate sculpture. In the absence of the animals, it is
difficult to ascertain the family relations of shells so closely allied in form as these
are to some of the Fusincs, and it is not improbable that there are many fossil
shells called by the promiscuous appellations of Fusus and Pyrula, which really
belong to this family.

U. CAUDATA, D. 8.
PL 27, Fig. 38.

SHELL moderately large, pyriform, spire low, whorls five, the
upper rounded, the body whorl subangulated by three nearly
equidistant, nodose, revolving carinse; top of whorl slightly
sloping, interspaces between the ribs slightly concave, anterior
portion deeply excavated. Surface crossed by numerous small
revolving striae. Aperture broad, outer lip simple, inner lip
slightly iucrusted, canal long, slender, slightly twisted.

Length, 2.35 inch; length of aperture, 2.15 inch; width of body whorl, 1.3
inch.

Kare in the Martinez Group, Martinez. Mr. Mathewson.

Resembles somewhat Ficopsis Cooperii in style of ornament, but can be dis
tinguished by its greater size, lower spire, broader body whorl, the presence of
three instead of two carinse, and by the curved canal.

160 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

X SYCODES,

SHELL subpyriform, nearly of ftie shape of an immature
Cyprcea ; spire low. Aperture simple, narrowing slightly in ad
vance, and with a shallow anterior notch ; columella straight in
front. Surface plain, or ornamented only by fine lines.

I described the species on which this genus is founded, in the first vol. Pal. Gal.,
under the generic name of Ficus. Since then I have been able to determine that
the form is constant, and, as I then supposed, the specimens are adult. So far as
I know, it is the oldest known form allied to Ficus, being from the Chico Group.
The species is rare, all the specimens coming from a single locality.

The genus is evidently closely related to Ficus, differing principally in its pro
portionally thicker shell, in the straight, short columella, and the anterior part of
the mouth continuing wide to the extremity, instead of narrowing as in all the
allied genera.

S. CYPR^IOIDES, Gabb.

(9 Ficus cyprceoides, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 58, pi. 19, fig. 105.)

EUSPIRA, Ag.

An Oolitic genus, possessing all of the leading characteristics of the following
shell, the flattened and angulated upper surface of the whorls, the closed umbilicus,
and slight thickening of the columellar lip. In all of its peculiarities, except the
flattening of the upper portion of the volutions, it seems closely allied to Ampul-
Una and Lunatla.

E. ALVEATA, Con. 8p.

(Natica alveata, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 321, pi. 2, fig. 8.)
(Amauropsis alveata, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 110, pi. 19, fig. 59 ; pi. 21, fig. 111.)
(Ampullina alveata, Con. ; Smithsonian Check List, No. 459.)
Characteristic of the Martinez and Tejon Groups. Common.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 161

NEVERITA, Risso.

N. GLOBOSA, D. 8.
PI. 27, Fig. 39.

SHELL subglobose, spire low, acute ; whorls rounded, five and
a half, rapidly increasing in size, the last sloping above, and
slightly flattened on the side; umbilicus small but well marked.
Aperture suboval, narrower above than below ; outer lip simple,
inner lip with a heavy callus, prominent above, slightly flattened
on the inner face, the portion over the umbilicus flat, rather thin,
and sometimes bearing a faint transverse groove.

Length, .75 inch ; width, .72 inch ; length of aperture, .68 inch ; width of aper
ture, .32 inch.

From Neverita secta, its nearest ally, this shell can be distinguished by its much
more globose form, the upper part of the whorl being round instead of sloping
almost regularly from the apex ; it is not so wide at the base ; the callus is very
large posteriorly, instead of being thin and narrow as in secta, and the portion
over the umbilicus is small, rounded and flat, instead of being, as in secta, large,
convex, and triangular.

From the Tejon Group, ten miles west of Griswold's, on the road from San Juan
to New Idria, and southeast of the "Sheep Well."

AMPULLINA.

A. STRIATA, n. 8.
PI. 27, Fig. 40.

SHELL small, compact, subglobose, whorls five, rounded, suture
deep, whorls iu some cases rounded, subtruncated above, adjoin
ing the suture, in other specimens regularly rounded. Surface
ornamented by numerous, minute, revolving, impressed lines,
more or less interrupted by the lines of growth. Aperture subo-
vate, widest iu advance; outer lip thin, simple; inner lip simple,
terminated anteriorly by a narrow, flattened margin commencing
in the umbilical region ; umbilicus closed or minutely perforated.

PAX. VOL. II. — 22

162 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

Dimensions of a small specimen : Length, .68 inch ; width of body whorl, .67
inch ; length of aperture, .52 inch.

From the Martinez Group, Martinez ; Mr. Mathewson.

A variable shell, the greatest variation being in the shape of the body whorl,
some specimens being much more expanded and oblique than others.

TEREBRA, Brug.

T. CALIFORNICA, n. s.

PL 27, Fig. 41.

SHELL small, slender, elongated, sides flattened; whorls eleven,
flattened on the sides, the body whorl slightly convex a little
below the middle, and excavated below. Surface ornamented by
small, slender, and slightly sinuous longitudinal ribs, the upper
margin of the whorl bordered by a slightly thickened rim. Aper
ture elongate, outer lip simple, inner lip incrusted, canal a little
deflected and twisted, notch very small.

Length, .52 inch ; width of body whorl, .08 inch ; length of aperture, .11 inch.
From the Tejon Group, Martinez ; a single specimen found by Mr. Mathewson.

CHEMNITZIA, d'Orb.
C. PLANULATA, Gabb.

(C. Spillmanni, Gabb (not Con.); Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 115, pi. 19, fig. 70.)

On examining Mr. Conrad's original specimen, I am inclined to agree with him
that there are some good points of specific difference, and therefore propose the
above name.

PUGNELLUS, Con.
P. HAMULUS, Gabb.

PL 27, Fig. 42, 42 a,
(P. hamulus, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 81, pi. 20, fig. 124; pi. 18, fig. 48.)

This shell is extremely variable from the changes of age. The two figures
quoted above give a young shell, and one that has acquired its lip and incrustation.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 163

In the latter, pi. 20, fig. 124, there is shown an angular notch on the outer lip, also
mentioned in the description as one of the specific characters. The shell is a com
mon one, and the discovery of numerous specimens shows that this notch is by no
means constant. A very old, but small individual before me, is so heavily incrusted
that its original form is entirely lost, and several expert conchologists have been,
on first sight, at a loss to recognize at all, even its family relations. It shows
no trace of a spire or of volutions, and the outer lip is almost as large as the body
whorl, while the canal is very short, and incurves at almost a right angle to the
axis of the shell. Were I less familiar with the species, I should hesitate in calling
this specimen by the same specific name, but I have seen so many variations in its
form, that I have no doubts whatever on the subject.

S. Gen. Gymnarus, Gabb.

P. (G.) MANUBRIATUS, Gabb.

(PugneUus manubriatus, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 125, pi. 29, fig. 229, a.)
(Pugnellus (Gymnarus) manubriatus, Gabb; Amer. Jour. Conch., 1868, p. 139, pi.
13, fig. 4, 5.)

In Palaeontologia Indica, Gasteropoda, p. 21, Stoliczka suggests that this species
may be identical with P. contortus, Sby. sp., which it closely resembles in sculp
ture. It differs in being a much more slender shell, the callosity never heavy, the
outer lip more regular in form, and the anterior canal straight, instead of being
incurved as in contortus. In the Journal of Conchology, I recently suggested a
subgeneric separation, mainly on the peculiar form of the canal. 1 have examined
a large series of specimens, and cannot agree with Dr. Stoliczka, that the thinness
of the callosity is due to injury, since the same characters obtain in all the indi
viduals. Nor is the canal broken in the specimen figured. I have never detected
the slightest indication of a curve in this portion of the shell, where the specimens
were perfect, or nearly so.

CYPR^EA, Linn.
S. Gen. Luponia, Gray.
C. (L.) BAYERQUEI, Gabb.

PI. 27, Fig. 43, a, b, c.
(? Oyprcea Bayerquei, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 129.)

SHELL small, ovoid, convex, broadest near tbe upper end,
gradually tapering convexly anteriorly; spire entirely hidden even

164 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

in the young shell ; base sub-flattened. Aperture narrow, outer
lip considerably produced posteriorly, thickened and strongly
incurved, slightly carinated near the extreme anterior end, both
lips bearing numerous small teeth, placed deep in the mouth, and
not continued downwards to the margins. Surface smooth, or
marked by indistinct longitudinal lines of growth. The young
shell is thin, the lines of growth pretty distinct, the aperture
broadly expanded in the middle, and apex is submerged.

A perfect specimen has been obtained in the Tejon Group at Martinez, and Dr.
Horn sent me two immature ones from Tejon.

£ Gen. Epona, H. & A. Ad.

C. (E.) MATHEWSONII, n. s.

PI. 27, Pig. 44, a, b.

SHELL small, thick, very convex, inequilateral, most convex in
the middle and a little above ; the outer lip straighter than the
opposite side; ends but slightly produced, anterior end more
than the posterior; base convex. Aperture linear, outer lip pro
duced behind more than the inner, thickened by a callus, ex
panded laterally, especially towards the ends, where the margin
is thinner and subacute; inner lip regularly iucrusted, carinated
in advance; both lips bearing a few large teeth, those on the
inner lip being continued as raised lines, to a considerable dis
tance on the face of the body whorl. Surface smooth, the limits
of the thickening of the outer lip being pretty well defined.

Length, .43 inch ; width, .28 inch ; height, .22 inch.

This beautiful little shell has no relations in the formation. It approaches most
nearly the sub-genus Epona of H. and A. Adams, but differs from the more typical
species of that group, in the very small degree to which the ends are produced. I
have never seen but a single specimen, which I obtained from Mr. Mathewson,
who found it in the Tejon Group at Martinez.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 165

ANCHURA, Con.
A. FALCIFORMIS, Gabb.

(Aporrhais falciformis, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 127, pi. 20, fig. 83.)

Subsequent discoveries show that the canal of this shell is very long and straight.
From being extremely slender, it is rarely preserved. One specimen from Chico
Creek has an aperture, including the canal, as long as the spire. All of the species
described in the above work as Aporrhais, belong to the genus Anchura.

Following the custom of nearly all writers on the subject, I have there and else
where, heretofore quoted Aporrhais as a genus of Petiver, Dacosta, &c. Recently
having had my attention specially called to the subject, I investigated the history
of the generic name anew for myself, and have published the result of my study
in the American Journal of Conchology, 1868, page 143. Neither Aldrovandi,
Petiver, nor Dacosta, ever knew the name as connected with the true Aporrhais.
They all applied it to various species of Pterocera ; a good opportunity for some
conchological revolutionist to make another "restoration," and quote Pterocera
as the genus Aporrhais of Aristotle, Aldrovandi, et id omne genus.

A. TRANSVERSA, n. 8.
PI. 27, Fig. 45.

SHELL small, fusiform, spire elevated; whorls rounded, their
number unknown, suture deep. Surface of upper whorls, and
upper part of body whorl, strongly cancellated by longitudinal
and transverse ribs ; body whorl strongly carinated near the lip,
the carina running out, and forming a sort of midrib or keel to
the lip. Lip long, transverse, curved upwards, the upper margin
regularly concave, tip acute, lower margin broken ; canal long,
straight.

Length unknown ; about .7 inch ; width of body whorl, .2 inch ; including
length of lip, .5 inch.
From the Martinez Group, Martinez.

166 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

? A. CARINIFERA, 11. S.
PI. 28, Fig. 46.

I propose this name for a minute shell, of which I have but a
single rather imperfect cast. It is short, robust fusiform, the
whorls rounded, the body whorl tapering gradually in advance,
instead of ending in a slender canal, as in the typical Anchuras.
The lower whorls carry a single prominent rib on the middle,
and the margin of the mouth is broken where (if it is an Anchura}
the lip process should take its rise ; the whole surface is orna
mented by numerous revolving striae, visible both on the shell
and, to a less degree, on the cast, becoming strongly marked on
the inner margin of the outer lip.

Length of the fragment, less two or three volutions of the apex, .32 inch.

From the Martinez Group, Martinez.

I have referred this little shell to the genus Anchura, with considerable hesita
tion, because I have no proof that it possessed the expanded lip, and because the
anterior canal, which in all the known species is slender, and more or less produced,
is, in this case, short and robust. Further specimens will be necessary before its
true generic relations can be definitely settled.

HELICATJLAX, Gabb.

H. BICARINATA, D. 8.
PI. 27, Fig. 47.

SHELL robust fusiform, spire elevated ; whorls six ; sides regu
larly sloping, body whorl bicarinate, the upper edge of the whorl
joining the upper carina of the preceding volution, so as to pro
duce a continuous slope to the apex. Surface marked by numer
ous, minute revolving lines, one or two of which, below the lower
angle of the body whorl, are larger than the others ; a series of
small nodes on each carina of the last whorl. Aperture broad,
continued posteriorly by a long, slender canal running up the
spire to near the apex, and then curving outwards and backwards;

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 167

outer lip expanded, biangular, bordered by a thickened margin,
the posterior and lateral margins concave, a digitate process at
the posterior angle ; anterior angle (not produced ?) ; inner lip
expanded over the front of the body whorl, and continued up the
spire as high as the canal, very much thickened and longitudi
nally striate on the outer margin ; canal and anterior portions of
the shell unknown.

Length, less all of the anterior canal, 1. inch ; width of body whorl, .45 inch ;
width, including outer lip, .9 inch.

From the Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County.

A peculiar shell, easily distinguished even in fragments by the regular slope of
the spire, the biangular form of the body whorl, the heavy incrustation of the
inner lip, and the long, solid posterior canal. The genus, proposed by me in Amer.
Jour. Conchology, 1868, page 145, is a strongly characterized member of the Apor-
rhaidce, and seems to be the nearest ally of Aporrhais in the Cretaceous, having
many of the characters of that genus, and forming the link between it and Anchura;
the lip being much more like the latter than the former genus, unless perfect speci
mens of the present species should prove, by being bi-digitate, that this is not a
constant character.

H. COSTATA, D. 8.
PI. 28, Fig. 48.

SHELL small, broadly fusiform, spire elevated ; whorls six or
seven, angulated in the middle, sloping, and nearly straight above,
slightly convex below; above the angle are numerous fine striae,
below are five or six subacute revolving ribs, with broad concave
interspaces. Aperture broad above, narrowed in front, posterior
canal well marked, and curving backwards; outer lip and ante
rior canal unknown ; inner lip thinly incrusted.

Length, less the anterior canal, .47 inch ; width of body whorl, .3 inch.

From the Martinez Group, Martinez.

A little shell, strongly characterized by its revolving ribs, and very angular
whorls. The posterior canal, in the specimen, reaches to the second whorl above
the aperture, and seems to have been attached to the spire still further, before
being deflected ; the groove is unusually deep, and the specimen was probably not
entirely mature, judging both from this character, and from the thinness of the
inner lip, which, in all the other species, is heavily incrusted.

168 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

LOXOTREMA, Gabb.

L. TURRITA, D. 8.
PI. 28, Fig. 49.

SHELL elongated, turreted, spire elevated, nearly twice the
length of the aperture; whorls about six to six and a half,
slightly convex on the sides, abruptly truncated and flat on the
upper margin. Body whorl marked by eight or ten revolving
lines on the anterior half, crossed by sinuous lines of growth;
both sets of markings being very variable in distinctness in dif
ferent specimens. Aperture obliquely subquadrate, bordered on
the inner side by a raised lip, the top retreating upwards, and
very obliquely backwards; outer lip thick above and below, very
thin in the middle, and with a strongly sinuous margin, most
prominent near the anterior end; inner lip thick, its margin
somewhat raised above the suftice of the body whorl ; anterior
extremity of aperture not notched, but produced, and slightly
channelled.

Length, 1.65 inch.; width of body whorl, .8 inch ; length of aperture (internal
measure), .6 inch; width, .45 inch.

Common in the Tejon Group, ten miles west of Griswold's, between San Juan
and New Idria.

This very peculiar shell is evidently closely allied to Struthiolaria, but differs in
the shape of its volutions, the elevated spire, and the retreating backwards of the
posterior margin of the aperture. It has the characteristic lip-like anterior end
of that genus, and its sinuous outer lip. A marked character is the extreme thin
ness of the middle of the whorl, and the equally unusual thickness of the walls
both above and below this point, rendering it almost impossible to obtain a speci
men in which the middle of the outer lip is not broken away.

ATRESIUS, N. Gen.

SHELL elongate, spire elevated; whorls rounded, aperture ovate,
slightly produced in front, outer lip entire, thin ; columella not
incrusted, imperforate; surface marked by revolving ribs.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 169

A non-pearly shell, resembling Tiiba, Lea, and Spironema, Meek, but dirfering
from both in being entirely imperforate, showing no trace even, of an umbilical
depression. It is most probably a member of the Littorinidce, and should be placed
near Spironema.

A. LIRATUS, D. 8.
PI. 28, Fig. 50.

SHELL small, thin, elongate; spire elevated, number of whorls
unknown, whorls regularly convex, suture linear. Surface
marked by about fourteen or fifteen subacute revolving ribs
with concave interspaces, the space between the upper rib and
the suture twice as broad as those below, first rib minutely crenu-
lated, the whole surface crossed by fine but distinct lines of
growth. Aperture subovate, a little produced and subangular
in front, outer lip simple, thin, and showing faint traces internally
of the ribs on the surface, columella curved.

Length (broken), .43 inch ; total length, .55 inch ? ; width of body whorl, .37
inch ; length of aperture, .28 inch.

Prom the Shasta Group, Colusa County, southeast of the Hot Sulphur Springs.

TURRITELLA, Lam.

T. MARTINEZENSIS, n. s.

PI. 28, Fig. 51.

SHELL robust, apical angle broad; whorls twelve, angulated,
flat to concave above and below the angle ; body whorl with two
angles, the lower less prominent than the upper; in the spire
but one angle is visible, the upper edge of the whorl being applied
to the lower angle of its predecessor. Surface marked by two or
three strong lines on the upper face, one between the revolving
angles, and sometimes one or two below; besides there are
numerous fine revolving lines, all crossed by faint striae of growth.
Aperture broad, outer lip slightly sinuous, inner lip flattened and
somewhat twisted.

PAL. VOL. II.— 23

170 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

Length, 2.3 inches; width of body whorl, .95 inch; length of aperture, .55 inch.

From beds intermediate between the Martinez and Tejon Groups, Martinez.
Numerous specimens were obtained at a single locality by Mr. Mathewson.

This shell is entirely unlike any other Californian Cretaceous Turritella, and
resembles in its style of ornament some of the Eastern Miocene species. It can
be easily identified by its prominent single angle on each whorl of the spire, and
by its broadly expanding form, approaching in this character to T. robusta of the
Chico Group.

NERITA, Linn.
S. Gen. Theliostyla, Morch.

N. (T.) TRIANGULATA, D. 8.
PL 28, Fig. 52, 62 a.

SHELL small, thick, semi-ovoid, spire flattened; whorls two or
two and a half, rapidly increasing in size. Surface divided by three
angles into four nearly equal revolving planes, each plane marked
by four or five rounded ribs with equal interspaces. Mouth
rounded subquadrate, outer lip subacute on the margin, very
thick behind, and internally toothed; inner lip broadly expanded,
nearly straight on its internal edge, and bearing a few large teeth,
its surface coarsely pustulated.

Length, .28 inch ; width, ,38 inch ; height, .25 inch.

Not common in the Tejon Group at New Idria, where I found but two speci
mens. It has never been encountered elsewhere.

CALLIOSTOMA, Swains.
Zizyphinus, Gray.

C. RADIATUM, n. 8.
PI. 28, Fig. 53.

SHELL minute, broadly conical ; whorls four (or more), sides
flat, sloping ; suture well marked. Surface ornamented by four
teen or fifteen large radiating ribs, which produce an undulation

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 171

of the upper margin of the whorl, and abut against a strongly
marked revolving rib bordering the lower angle; these are crossed
by six or seven smaller revolving elevated lines ; under surface
marked by numerous, minute, revolving striae. Aperture sub-
quadrate; inner lip straight, slightly oblique and thickened.

Length, .16 inch ; width, .18 inch.

This species is known by but a single specimen from the Chico Group of Texas
Flat, Placer County. It is not improbably a young shell, though it already pos
sesses four volutions. It has so well-marked a series of characters that I have
ventured to describe it, since it cannot be confounded with any known species.

ATAPHRUS, N. Gen.

SHELL thick, flattened subglobose. Surface smooth. Aperture
subovate, oblique; outer lip simple, inner lip thick, rounded,
uniting with the outer lip by a regular curve; umbilicus entirely
hidden.

The present genus seems to occupy an intermediate position between the recent
genera Oxystele, Phil., and Photinula, H. and A. Adams. From the former it
differs in having a rounded columella, instead of flattened ; while from the latter,
it can be distinguished by its smooth surface and the junction between the labrum
and labium being by a regular curve in front, instead of the columella terminating
in a point near the external edge, as in Photinula.

A. CRASSUS, n. 8.
PI. 28, Fig. 54.

SHELL small, thick, flattened subglobose, spire low; whorls
four, rounded, revolving a little obliquely; body whorl slightly
flattened below. Surface marked only by lines of growth. Aper
ture oblique, subcircular, columellar lip thick and rounded ; um
bilical region covered by a smooth callus, which merges insensibly
into the general surface.

Length, .18 inch ; width, .28 inch.

Kare in the Martinez Group (?) at Martinez. Specimens were sent me by Mr.
Mathewson, but not so labelled that I can determine their horizon, and they are
so carefully trimmed out of the matrix that I have no associated species to assist me.

172 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

MARGAKITELLA, M. & H.

M. ANGULATA, n. 8.
PL 28, Fig. 55.

SHELL small, thin, highly polished, spire elevated; whorls four
and a half, convexly flattened on the sides, more or less truncated
above ; body whorl very slightly convex on the base. Surface
bearing one, two, or three strongly impressed lines near the suture,
crossed by oblique impressed lines forming variable series of crenu-
lations ; these oblique lines rarely extend far down on the sides,
but hold the same direction as the lines of growth, which can
occasionally be traced their entire length ; besides these, there
are sometimes faint revolving lines visible over the entire surface,
more constant on the base ; umbilicus moderate, its margin evenly
crenulated, its internal surface marked by strong revolving and
radiating lines. Aperture subquadrate, margins simple.

Length, .25 inch ; width, .23 inch.

From the Martinez or Chico Group, Martinez. There is a small deposit of the
latter group near Martinez, and judging from the lithological character of the
specimens, they seem to have come from it ; they were sent me by Mr. Mathewson.

This species can be distinguished from M. crenulata by its higher spire and
narrower umbilicus ; they approach each other in the crenulation of the top of
the whorl and the umbilical margin.

ACM^A, Esch.
? A. TEJONENSIS, n. s.

PL 28, Fig. 56.

SHELL small, low, ends unequal; anterior end broad, sides con
verging posteriorly ; posterior end narrow, rounded ; apex sub-
central, slightly curved forwards. Surface marked by a few con
centric lines, and six or eight faint radiating undulations.

Length, .35 inch ; greatest width, .25 inch; height, .1 inch.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 173

A small inconspicuous species from the Tejon Group, Tejon ; Dr. Horn. It
can be distinguished from ? A. (Patella) Traskii, of the Chico Group, by its ovate
instead of elliptical outline, and by the beak curving markedly in advance ; the
radiating ornaments are also much less marked than in the Northern shell.

ACT^ONINA, d'Orb.
A. PUPOIDES, Gabb.

PI. 28, Fig. 57.
(? A. pupoides, Gabb ; Pal. Gal., Vol. 1, p. 67, pi. 19, fig. 113.)

This shell was described from a single specimen in which the anterior half was
broken away. I have since been able to verify my determination of the genus,
and to ascertain the remaining characters of the species. The apex is variable, the
form figured being the most common ; in some cases it is higher, in others more
blunt. The aperture is small, narrowed behind, rounded in advance ; outer lip
acute, slightly sinuous ; inner lip heavily incrusted in advance by a broad, non-
plicate callus, which extends around the anterior margin of the mouth, becoming
regularly smaller, and disappearing at the anterior end of the outer lip.

The figure is natural size.

From the Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

ACT^EONELLA, d'Orb.

A. OVIFORMIS, n. .8.
PL 28, Fig. 58.

SHELL elongate ovoid, sides nearly parallel in the middle; spire
unknown, whorls five or more, nearly straight on the sides, taper
ing, rounded in advance. Aperture narrow, straight, a little wider
in front, inner lip heavily incrusted in advance, and with two
moderate folds. Surface plain.

Length (less the spire, broken away), 1.8 inch; width of body whorl, .85 inch.
A single broken specimen from the Chico Group, (?) Cottonwood Creek, Shasta
County ; easily distinguished by its slender form and subparallel sides.

174 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

LIOCIUM, N. Gen.

SHELL elongate, spire high, apex dextral. Surface polished
and ornamented by striae or punctate markings. Aperture ovate,
not emarginate anteriorly; outer lip slightly sinuous, and bordered
by a thickened rim ; inner lip incrusted and smooth, bearing no
folds.

The thickened lip, incrusted columella, shell texture, and sculpture of the surface
of this shell, point to an alliance with Cinulia (Avellana) and Ringinella ; while its
elevated spire, entire anterior end of the aperture, and the absence of teeth or
folds, sufficiently separate it from all known genera of the family.

L. PUNCTATUM, II. 8.
PI. 28, Fig. 59.

SHELL minute, elongate, slender, spire elevated; whorls seven,
very slightly convex, suture faint, extreme apex rather blunt.
Surface highly polished, and marked anteriorly by a few faint
revolving lines of punctations. Aperture elongate oval, acute
posteriorly; outer lip slightly sinuous, bordered by a thickened
rim, about twice as thick as the shell walls, and longitudinally
striate: this thickening continues uninterruptedly around the
anterior end of the mouth ; inner lip incrusted, smooth.

Length, .18 inch ; width of body whorl, .06 inch ; length of aperture, .06 inch.

Rare in the Shasta Group, south of the road from Colusa to the Hot Sulphur
Springs in the first range of Foot Hills, Colusa County, associated with Cordiera
mitrceformis, Atresius liratus, and the following species. It is a beautiful little
shell, and can be at once recognized by its minute size, slender form, polished sur
face, and by the characteristic punctate sculpture. ,

KINGINELLA, d'Orb.

E. POLITA, n. s.

PI. 28, Fig. 60.

SHELL small, subovate, spire prominent ; whorls six, rounded,
body whorl slightly flattened on the sides, narrowing in advance,

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 175

suture linear, impressed. Surface marked by a few, distant, im
pressed, revolving lines, variable in number. Aperture long,
rounded in advance, inner lip bearing one large and one smaller
and less prominent fold in advance.

Length, .4 inch ; width of body whorl, .24 inch ; length of aperture, .27 inch.

Not rare, with the preceding species.

This shell can be distinguished from all previously described members of the
family in California, by the simple style of its sculpture, consisting of simple im
pressed lines; R. (Cinulia) pinguis having elevated ribs, Ringicula varia having
grooves crossed by minute elevated lines, and the others being too different in
shape to permit of a confusion.

R. PINGUIS, Gabb.

(Cinulia pinguis, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 112, pi. 29, fig. 221.)

ACEPHALA.

MARTESIA, Leach.

M. CLAUSA, Gabb.

(M. clausa, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 145, pi. 22, fig. 115.)

This species was described from the Chico Group. During the last two or three
years several specimens have been obtained from the Martinez Group, at Martinez,
and from the Tejon Group at Martinez, ten miles west of Griswold's and Tejon.
In these more recent forms I can find no characters different from the original
type ; and Mr. Tryon, whose great experience in this family renders his opinion
of especial weight, agrees with me in believing them all to belong to the same
species.

SOLEN, Linn.

S. Gen. Hypogella, Gray.

S. (H.) CUNEATUS, n. s.

PI. 29, Pig. 61.

SHELL small, narrowed anteriorly, wider behind ; hinge margin
straight; beaks anterior, subterminal; margin slightly excavated

176 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

under the beaks ; anterior end narrowly rounded ; posterior end
broadly convex; base slightly sloping, and nearly straight; sur
face faintly marked by lines of growth.

Length, 1.25 inch; width under the beaks, .3 inch; width near the posterior
end, .4 inch.

A rare shell from the Martinez Group, Martinez.

It can he distinguished from the young of Solen parallelus, hy its widening pos
teriorly, and by the prominent beaks. From S. (Hypogella) Diegoensis, it differs
in all the details of form.

S. (H.) DIEGOENSIS, Gabb.

(S. (Solena) Diegoensis, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 213, pi. 32. fig. 280.)
(Plectosolen Diegoensis, Con. ; Smithsonian Check List, No. 240.)

"When I used Browne's name for this subgenus, I did it without knowing the
date of its publication, having been misled by H. and A. Adams. Scientific re
search in a new country, away from large libraries, is attended with great diffi
culties, such as only those who have had the experience, can understand. As
I have already intimated elsewhere, I strongly disapprove of the use of pre-
Linnaean names in science, believing that the only way to arrive at a settled nom
enclature, is to fix some definite date, behind which we cannot go, as has been
done by the British Association. Gray's name of Hypogella is the oldest that wo
can use according to this rule. The name Plectosolen, was proposed by Mr. Conrad,
without a description ; and he has since informed me that he has abandoned it,
finding it to be founded on untenable characters

CORBULA, Brug.
C. HORNII, Gabb.

PI. 29, Fig. 62, a, b.
(C. Hornii, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 149, pi. 29, fig. 128.

This species was described from a cast of a left valve and a broken right value,
Subsequently Dr. Horn sent me four other specimens, which enable me to correct
some points in the diagnosis. The shell is almost exactly equivalve, the anterior
end not usually so produced as in the figure quoted above ; the left valve is strongly
angulated posteriorly, the right valve not so much so ; the surface is marked by
fine and pretty regular concentric lines.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 177

C. AL^EFORMIS, n. 8.
PL 29, Fig. 63.

SHELL large, broadly rounded in advance, narrow, produced,
and truncated behind ; beaks about a third of the length from
the anterior end, high; posterior cardinal margin nearly straight,
bordered by a broad, deep groove, extending from the beaks to
the posterior end; base prominently and broadly rounded in the
middle, sinuous behind. Surface marked by small, regular, con
centric ribs.

Figure, natural size.

From a bed intermediate in age between the Martinez and Tejon Groups, near
Lower Lake village, Lake County.

The largest of our Californian Corbulas, and characterized by its narrow pro
duced posterior end.

ANATINA, Lam.

A. QUADRATA, n. 8.
PL 29, Fig. 64.

SHELL moderate in size, subquadrate; beaks nearly central;
length and width about as eight to five ; anterior end gaping,
truncated, and with the corners rounded ; posterior end convexly
subtruncated, or rounded; base nearly straight, being a very
slight curve, most prominent in the middle; the cardinal margin
is slightly excavated in advance of the beaks, and sloping and
nearly straight posteriorly. Surface marked by a few lines of
growth.

Length, 2. inches ; width, 1.25 inch.

From the greenish rock on the north shore of Departure Bay, Nanaimo, Van
couver Island ; associated with Pecten Traskii, Trigonia Evansana, and other
species characteristic of the Chico Group in California.

O*f somewhat the style of A. lata, but longer and more regularly quadrate ; from
A. Tryoniana it can be distinguished by being shorter, the ends being more dis
tinctly truncated, and by its wanting the angular ridge descending from the beaks;
from A. inccquilateralis it can be known by the more central position of the beaks,
and the less rounded ends.

PAL. VOL. II. — 24

178 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

PHOLADOMYA, Sby.
P. OREGONENSIS, n. B.

PL 29, Fig. 65.

SHELL small; beaks large, prominent, anterior; anterior end
sloping outwards and downwards from the beaks, nearly straight
above, narrowly rounded below; posterior end prominently
rounded, a little the most prominent above the middle ; cardinal
margin nearly straight behind the beaks; base broadly and
regularly convex. Surface marked by small but pretty regular
concentric lines, crossed by a few faint radiating ridges, three or
four of which, on the middle and anterior end, are distinct, the
others obsolete.

Length, 1.2 inch ; width, 7 inch.

Rare in the Chico Group, near the Toll House at the summit of the Siskiyou
Mountains, near the southern boundary of Oregon.

From P. nasuta, this shell can be distinguished by its flatter form, the absence
of the anterior truncation, its regularly rounded posterior end, and its obsolete
radiating ribs. There is no other species on the West Coast, with which it could
be confounded. P. subelongata, Meek, from Vancouver Island, has many more
ribs, and they are most marked on the posterior portions of the surface.

PLEUROMYA, Agas.

P. PAPYRACEA, n. S.
PI. 29, Fig. 66.

SHELL very thin, beaks prominent, and placed about a third
of the length from the anterior end ; cardinal margin sloping
slightly, and nearly straight posteriorly, anterior end excavated
under the beaks, and abruptly truncated below, very slightly
gaping; posterior end narrowly rounded, gaping more than the
anterior ; base broadly convex. Surface ornamented by irregular
concentric ribs. Posterior muscular scar small; pallial sinus
broad and deep.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 179

Length, 1.7 inch ; width, 1.2 inch ; thickness, .75 inch.

From Cotton wood Creek, probably from the Shasta Group. A number of speci
mens were collected by Mr. Mathewson in 1865, from a dark-colored rock, in which
he does not seem to have found any other fossil; and beyond the meagre label,
" Cotton wood," I have no information.

ARCOMYA, Agas.

A. UNDULATA, n. 8.
PI. 29, Fig. 67.

SHELL very inequilateral, beaks prominent, strongly incurved,
and placed about a third of the length from the anterior end;
cardinal line nearly straight; base slightly convex; ends rounded,
subtruncated, and nearly equal; both ends slightly gaping. Sur
face unknown, surface of the cast marked by a few large, con
centric undulations.

Length, 2.25 inches; width, 1.3 inch ; transverse diameter, .9 inch.

A single specimen, from Indian Creek, Butte County, belonging to Mr. Voy, of
Oakland, who kindly loaned it to me for description.

Easily distinguished by its peculiar arcseform shape, from any other known
fossil of California.

HOMOMYA, Agas.
H. CONCENTRICA, Gabb.

(Panopceaid., Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 148, pi. 22, fig. 119.)
From the Chico Group, of Tuscan Springs, Cottonwood Creek, and Martinez.

MACTRA, Linn.

? M. TENUISSIMA, n. 8.
PI. 29, Fig. 68.

SHELL small, extremely thin, subequilateral ; beaks central,
small, pointed slightly in advance; anterior end broadly and
regularly rounded; posterior end obliquely and convexly sub-

180 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

truncated; base regularly convex. Surface marked by minute,
concentric strise of growth ; an angulated ridge runs from the
umbones to the posterior basal angle. Pallial sinus deep and
narrow.

Length, 1.1 inch ; width, .8 inch ; depth of one valve, .15 inch

A single specimen, from the Martinez Group, Martinez.

I have had this specimen a number of years, and have heretofore hesitated to
describe it, hoping to obtain others, which would settle its exact generic relations.
That it belongs to the Linnaean genus Mactra, and even to that genus as restricted
by Lamarck, I have little doubt ; but from the nature of the matrix, and the
extreme tenuity of the shell, it is impossible to expose the hinge, and I am therefore
unable to assign it at present, with any degree of certainty, to its proper place
among the numerous closely allied genera of the family.

CYMBOPHORA, 2T. Gen.

PI. 29, Fig. 69.

I propose this genus for one of the most common fossils of the
California!! Cretaceous, Mactra AshburneriL The hinge is com
posed of a rather heavy hinge-plate, bearing a cartilage-pit, not
sunk into its substance, as in the others of the Mactridce, but, as
it were, built up on its surface ; a small, delicate, spoon-shaped
process, laid obliquely under the beaks, its base being on, or
slightly above the level of the hinge-plate ; in the right valve the
cardinal tooth is single, very delicate, and nearly at a right angle
with the anterior wall of the cartilage-pit ; in the left valve the
tooth is Y-shaped, entirely separated from the pit, very slender,
and articulates between the tooth and the pit of the opposite side;
the lateral teeth are large and comparatively very robust.

This genus seems to be most nearly allied to Trigonella, H. and A. Ad., as figured
in Genera of Kecent Mollusca, but differs in the character of the cartilage-pit, in
the laterals being more robust, and in the cardinal teeth of the left valve being
more removed from the pit.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 181

C. ASHBURNERII, Gabb.

(Mactra Ashburnerii, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 153, pi. 22, fig. 127.)

Very characteristic of the Chico Group, and extending as high up as the Tejon
Group, being found at all of the typical localities of both of these, as well as of
the included Martinez Group.

ASAPHIS, Modeer.

A. MULTICOSTATA, D. 8.
PI. 29, Fig. 70.

SHELL small, elongate subquadrate, inequilateral; beaks nearly
central ; cardinal margin sloping towards both ends, coucavely in
advance, convexly behind; base broadly and regularly convex;
anterior end rounded; posterior obsoletely and obliquely sub-
truncated, convex; a broad, rounded angle running from the beaks
to the posterior basal margin. Surface marked by about sixty
small radiating ribs with somewhat wider interspaces, and crossed
by a few lines of growth. Muscular scars large; pallial line un
known ; an internal thickening runs obliquely downwards and
forwards from the beaks to the anterior muscular scar, forming
a marked depression on the cast.

Length, .68 inch ; width, .4 inch ; height of single valve, .1 inch.

A single mould and an internal cast, from the Crooked Creek of the Des Chutes
Eiver, Central Oregon, east of the Cascade Mountains ; associated with Trigonia
Evansana, Turrilites Oregonensis, and other species, characteristic of the Chico
Group. These specimens, beyond a doubt of the same age as the fossils near
Jacksonville and on the Siskiyou Mountains, in Southern Oregon, were obtained
by me in 1864, while in Eastern Oregon. The occurrence of the formation east
of the Cascade range, as proved by these fossils, was published in January, 1867,
by Professor Whitney, in the Proceedings of the California Academy of Natural
Sciences, Vol. 3, page 309. In July, 1867, Professor Blake announced the same
fact, as a new discovery, in the American Journal of Science, page 118. I merely
call attention to the circumstance here, to forestall any discussion on the claim to
priority of discovery, that might otherwise arise in the future ; profiting by our
experience in similar cases in the past.

182 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

TELLINA, Linn.
'T. REMONDII, Gabb.

PL 29, Fig. 71.
(21 Rimondii, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 156, pi. 22, fig. 132.)

Since publishing the original description and figure of this species, other and
better specimens have been obtained, and I am enabled to illustrate a more perfect
and older individual than in the first instance. A slight difference will be observed
in the line running posteriorly from the beak in the two figures, and the concentric
ribs also seem to vary in size.

The present specimen, from my own cabinet, was obtained by Dr. Horn at Tejon.

T. HOFFMANNIANA, Gabb.

PL 30, Fig. 72.
(T. Hoffmanniana, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 156, pi. 22, fig. 133, 133 a.)

This rather variable species is extremely common in the Martinez Group at
Martinez, and has been found in the Chico Group at Pence's Kanch, as well as in
the Tejon Group ^at Griswold's. I have now a single specimen from the latter
group from Martinez, associated with Turritella Uvasana, and other characteristic
species. The present figure illustrates a common, and one of the most marked
forms of the Martinez Group, Martinez, from the same bed with Pugnelius hamulus.

T. ^IQUALIS, n. 8.
PL 29, Fig. 73.

SHELL moderate in size, nearly elliptical, thin, flattened; narrow
in its young state, proportionally broader as it grows older; beaks
very slightly in advance of the centre, small ; cardinal margins
slightly convex; base broadly and regularly curved; ends rounded,
the anterior a little the narrowest. Surface marked by lines of
growth, most prominent near the extremities.

Figure, natural size.

Bare in the Martinez Group at Martinez.

From T. ooides it can be distinguished by its central beaks and nearly equal ends;

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 183

from T. Mathew&onii by its more symmetrical form, the outline forming a nearly
regular ellipse ; and from T. Hornii by that species being very much longer in
proportion to its width.

T. UNDULIFERA, D. 8.
PI. 30, Pig. 74.

SHELL moderately large, thin, slightly convex, very inequilat
eral, broadly rounded in advance, tapering behind; beaks two-
fifths of the length from the anterior end, slightly pointed in
advance; cardinal margin sloping rapidly and with a slight con
vexity to the posterior end, which is narrowly rounded; base
prominent, convex. Surface marked by concentric ribs, forming
large undulations towards the beaks, and gradually diminishing
towards the base.

Length, 1.65 inch ; width, 1.4 inch ; height of single valve, .2 inch.

From a soft, gray sandstone, west of Martinez, probably belonging near the
upper portion of the Martinez Group.

The shell is, in all cases, so softened by decomposition that I am unable, in any
of the specimens, to expose the hinge, and therefore refer the species to the above
genus with some hesitation. Judging from the imperfect impressions left on some
internal casts, the hinge has been very delicate, and seems more like that of a
Tellina than of any other genus, though the external form and general appearance
render this determination somewhat doubtful.

In outline the shell is not unlike T. ooides, but the posterior end is narrower,
the beaks are more prominent, the surface is more convex, and the style of orna
ment will serve at once to distinguish the two species.

DONAX, Linn.

D. LATUS, n. s.

PI. 30, Fig. 76.

SHELL broad, triangular, thin, very inequilateral ; beaks high,
placed about two-fifths of the length from the anterior end; sides
sloping, nearly straight, a rounded angle running from the beaks
to the posterior basal margin, leaving a narrow area parallel with

184 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

the posterior side; base broadly and pretty regularly convex,
joining the other two sides of the triangle by narrowly rounded
angles. Internal basal margin minutely dentate, the dentations
corresponding with the external ribs. Surface ornamented by
numerous fine, regular, radiating ribs, flattened on top, and with
the interspaces somewhat narrower than the ribs.

Length, 1.1 inch ; width, .8 inch ; height of single valve, .18 inch.

Kare in the Tejon Group, ten miles west of Griswold's, southeast of the Sheep
Well, on the road from San Juan to New Idria.

This shell is remarkable for its thinness, and as much of the hinge as I have been
able to expose, shares the delicate character of the shell itself.

VENUS, Linn.

Y. .EQUILATERALIS, n. S.
PI. 30, Fig. 76.

SHELL small, triangular, the three sides forming a nearly equi
lateral triangle, with curved sides; beaks small, pointed forwards,
and placed very slightly in advance of the middle; cardinal mar
gin sloping rapidly and slightly convex; base broadly and not
very prominently convex, rounding up in advance, and uniting
by a short curve with the anterior end ; the posterior basal angle
is much more acute than the anterior ; anterior margin slightly
excavated under the beaks, nearly straight below. Surface marked
by small concentric ribs. Hinge composed of short, robust teeth ;
muscular scars large, the anterior being the deepest and most
strongly marked ; pallial sinus shallow ; internal margin plain.

Length, .85 inch ; width, .75 inch ; height of single valve, .2 inch.

From the Tejon Group, from San Diego.

The nearest ally of this species is V. lenticularis, G., from Benicia, but the two
shells can be easily distinguished by the more marked triangular form, and smaller
size of the present one, and by the absence of a lunule, or, if it does exist, by its
being large and very faintly marked. In V. lenticularis the lunule is small but
distinct.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 185

MERETRIX, Lam.

? M. FRAGILIS, n. 8.
PI. 30, Fig. 77.

SHELL small, extremely thin, elongate; beaks placed about two-
fifths of the length from the anterior end, prominent and pointed
in advance ; anterior margin excavated under the beaks, broadly
rounded below; posterior ends regularly but more narrowly
rounded; cardinal margin sloping couvexly; base convex, most
prominent under the beaks. Surface marked by concentric
striae, in some cases as visible on the cast as externally. Pallial
sinus deep, oblique.

Length, .8 inch ; width, .65 inch ; depth of single valve, .15 inch.

Rare in the Martinez Group at Martinez, associated with Meekia sella, Pugnellus
hamulus, &c.

Allied in form to M. arata of the Chico Group, but differs in the details of out
line, in its marked thinness, and in the surface ornament.

M. HORNII, Gabb.

PI. 30, Fig. 78.
(Meretriz Hornii, Gabb ; Pal. Gal., Vol. 1, p. 164, pi. 23, fig. 144.)

As I stated in a note to the description of this species (loc. cit.) the figure in the
first volume was not good. I now avail myself of the opportunity of correcting
the error by the publication of a more accurate illustration.

CARYATIS, Roem.

In a monograph of the Linnaean genus Venus, Dr. Koemer adopts Cytherea, Lam.,
as a sub-genus, and proposes a "section " Caryatis, to receive a large group of
species characterized by a more or less trigonal form ; a shallow or superficial
lunule, bordered by an impressed line ; a narrow, subelongate, immersed ligament ;
a triangular pallial sinus with an obtuse apex ; a thin, smooth, internal margin ;
and with a hinge composed of three divergent cardinal teeth, the anterior thin and
direct, the posterior large and oblique, and with a remote posterior lateral. These
PAL. VOL. II. — 25

186 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

characters are certainly of sufficient value to separate the group as a distinct
genus, which, in addition to the living species, comprises numerous fossils in the
Eocene, and some in the Cretaceous.

C. NITIDA, Gabb.

PI. 30, Fig. 79.
(Meretrix nitida, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 165, pi. 23, fig. 145, 146.)

A fine shell, very variable in form in different stages of growth, and character
istic of the Chico Group. The present figure is from a young shell, from Martinez.
The largest specimen I have seen is nearly two inches in length.

THETIS, Sby.

? T. ELONGATA, n. 8.
PI. 30, Fig. 80, 80 a.

SHELL small, very thin, subquadrate, gibbous, elongate ; beaks
large, incurved, a fourth of the length from the anterior end;
cardinal margin sloping and nearly straight ; anterior end deeply
excavated under the beaks, rounded below, and merging by a
regular curve into the base, which is broadly convex, and most
prominent in the middle; posterior end obliquely truncated; a
strongly marked subangular ridge runs from the beaks to the
posterior basal angle, behind which the surface is slightly con
cave. Surface marked by very minute lines of growth.

Length, .52 inch ; width, .44 inch ; diameter through both valves, .38 inch.

Not rare at a single locality in the vicinity of Cottonwood Creek, from either
the Chico or Shasta Group. Mr. Mathewson collected a considerable number of
specimens in 1865, from a gray rock, different from any bed with which I am
acquainted, and which seems to have yielded no other species. The shell is of
extraordinary thinness and delicacy, and is so transparent that, in some cases, its
presence can only be detected by the opacity of the thickened cardinal margin.
On account of its extreme delicacy, I have not even attempted the futile task of
exposing the hinge, and have referred it doubtfully to the above genus, from its
general appearance, rather than from any character that it possesses.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 187

CARDIUM, Linn.

C. (L^BVICARDIUM) ANNULATTJM, Gabb.

PI. 30, Fig. 81.
(C. (LcEvicardium) annulatum, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 171, pi. 23, fig. 152.)

This beautiful and delicate shell was described and figured from a distorted speci
men. Since the publication of Volume 1, numerous specimens have been obtained
by Mr. Mathewson at Martinez, and I am enabled to correct a point in the descrip
tion, and to give a more accurate figure of its form. The posterior side, instead
of being regularly convex, is slightly truncated obliquely.

It is characteristic of the Chico Group, and seems peculiar to a series of bard
beds of this group found at Martinez, south of Mount Diablo, and in Orestimba
Canon, in the same range, further south.

C. (PROTOCARDIUM) TRANSLUCIDUM, n. s.

PI. 30, Fig. 82, 82 a.

SHELL small, thin, gibbous, rounded subquadrate; beaks prom
inent, incurved; ends nearly equal, the anterior rounded, poste
rior rounded subtruncate ; base broadly rounded, a little more
prominent in advance than behind. Surface marked by a few
small, regular, rounded, radiating ribs on the posterior side, and
by concentric lines of growth.

Length, .3 inch ; width, .3 inch ; diameter, .23 inch.

From the same bed as the preceding, Martinez.

Resembling C. (P.) Placerensis, this shell differs in its outline, being more quad
rate, in the posterior radiating ribs being more regular and numerous, and in the
entire absence of the large rib on the margin of the costate area, the marginal
rib in this species differing in no respect from the others.

CARDITA, Brug.

C. HORNII, Gabb.

PI. 30, Fig. 83, a.

(Cardita Hornii, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 174, pi. 24, fig. 157.)

(Cardita pianicosta, Con. (not Lam.) ; P. R, R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 321, pi. 2, fig. 6.)

188 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA

This shell, called by Mr. Conrad " the finger-post of the Eocene," proves to be
the "finger-post" of the Tejon Group. Like its ally of the Eocene, it is peculiar
to the formation, and its geographical limits are coextensive with the group.

At the time that I described it I had a pretty large series of specimens from
near Fort Tejon, Martinez, and Clayton. Since then it has been found in several
other localities, and fine specimens have been obtained near New Idria, and west
of Griswold's, on the road from the latter place to San Juan. I had, however, no
specimens of the true planicosta for comparison, and was obliged to depend partly
on figures, partly on my memory, as I mentioned in the note to the description.
That description should be slightly modified, so as to read — "Shell variable in
shape, subtriangular to subquadrate," the subquadrate forms usually being the
more adult, though some specimens, four and four and a half inches across, are as
distinctly triangular as the typical planicosta. The number of the ribs is as con
stant as is usually the case in costate shells. I have before me one specimen with
twenty-one, another with twenty-three ribs. I have compared my specimens with
shells from the London Clay, and from the Alabama Eocene, and find that, except
in the extreme quadrate forms, they are absolutely identical in all characters save
one. The hinges are so similar that I despair of making an intelligible written
description of their minute differences, and should hardly feel willing to trust an
artist with their delineation. But a character exists by which the merest tyro
could separate the two species. It is in the shape of the cross-section of the ribs.
The surface is well represented by the figure in the first volume, and I have only
to append a series of outline cross-sections to illustrate this difference. Fig. 83 is
a magnified section of the ribs in their normal state; 83 a, is a section of these ribs
after having been corroded by atmospheric or other causes ; while 83 6 is a section
of the ribs of C. planicosta. It will be observed that even when the ribs of C.
Hornii have been flattened by weathering, they are still different from the Eocene
shell, in their slight elevation, and in the wide interspaces. Some old specimens
of C. Hornii have the same peculiarity as some old specimens of C. planicosta, in
the ribs becoming more flat, and even nearly obsolete towards the base. This is
not a constant character in either species. One fine large shell of the latter form,
from Claiborne, Ala., in the museum of the Philadelphia Academy, has the ribs
as sharply defined at the base as towards the beaks.

CLISOCOLUS, N. Gen.

PL 30, Fig. 84.

SHELL thin, Lucinseform, without a lunule; ligament external,
lodged in a deep groove ; hinge edentate, having in the right

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 189

valve a slight thickening under the beak, and in the left valve an
obsolete tubercle ; pallial line unknown ; internal margin entire.

I propose this genus on the shell described in the first volume of Pal. Cal., as
Loripes dubia. The figures there given of the hinge are not good, the engraver
not having faithfully followed my drawings. The tubercle in the left valve
especially, is represented as too well-defined. The genus seems to be a member of
the Lucinidce, though from our ignorance of the shape of the mantle margin, the
ultimate reference must yet remain an open question.

C. DTJBIUS, Gabb.

7 %y

(? Loripes dubia, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 127, pl./4, fig. 170, 171.)
Peculiar to the Chico Group.

LUCINA, Brug.

The references to the plates of L. nasuta and L. postice-radiata, in Vol. 1, were
transposed, by mistake, in the text. They should read, L. nasuta, PI. 24, Fig, 159,
and L. postice-radiata, PI. 24, Fig. 158. By reading the descriptions, the error
becomes at once obvious.

CRASSATELLA, Lam.
C. GRANDIS, Gabb.

(C. grandis, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 181, pi. 24, fig. 163.)
(C. alia, Con. ; Pacific R. R. Report, Vol. 5, p. 321.)
(C. alia, Con.; Smithsonian Check List, Eocene, No. 104.)
(Not C. alia, Con. ; Tert. Foss., p. 21, pi. 7.)

In my description of this species, I pointed out sufficiently the specific differ
ences between the two forms. Another character, however, has since been dis
covered in the lunule, with which I was then unacquainted. In C. alia it is deeply
impressed, the sides being vertical, the base flat, and the sides forming right angles
both with the adjoining portion of thesurface and with the floor of the depression.
In C. grandis the lunule is equally deep and longer, but its margin is rounded, and
the sides convergent, there being no flat space at the base.

190 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

C. COMPACTA, D. 8.
PL 80, Fig. 86.

SHELL small, elongate subtrigonal, thick ; beaks about a third
of the length from the anterior end ; cardinal margin sloping with
a slight convexity to the posterior end, which is narrowly trun
cated; anterior end sloping, nearly straight above, broadly convex
and prominent below; base nearly straight posteriorly, rounding
upwards regularly in advance, and most prominent under the
beaks; the lunule is almost entirely hidden in the matrix, but
appears to be large and deeply impressed. Surface polished and
marked by lines of growth in the middle, which develop into
small ribs anteriorly; an angular ridge runs from the beaks to
the posterior basal angle.

Length, .95 inch; width, .68 inch ; height of single valve, .2 inch.

A single valve, from the Martinez Group, Martinez, given me by Mr. Mathewson.

This shell might be mistaken for the young of G. grandis, but it differs in being
more elongate posteriorly, in the possession of the marked angular ridge, in the
square posterior truncation, and in its greater convexity.

UNIO, Retz., Auct.

U. HUBBARDII, n. 8.
PL 30, Fig. 86.

SHELL moderately large, thick, obliquely subquadrate ; beaks
anterior, about a fourth of the length from the anterior end,
somewhat prominent ; posterior cardinal border straight (?) and
slightly sloping (from lines of growth on the younger portions of
the shell); anterior end regularly rounded and somewhat prom
inent; posterior end obliquely truncated; base nearly straight and
sloping behind, most prominent under the beaks, and curving
upwards regularly in advance ; a strong angular ridge runs ob
liquely downwards and backwards from the beaks to the posterior
basal angle. Surface marked by coarse, irregular lines of growth.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 191

Length, 3. inches; width, 1.8 inch ; thickness through both valves, 1 inch.

A single specimen, from the Nunaimo Coal Mine, Vancouver Island, Chico
Group ; kindly loaned me by Mr. Samuel Hubbard,of the Pacific Mail Steamship
Company of San Francisco, and to whom I dedicate the species, in recognition of
the unostentatious but valuable services he has been rendering to science for a
series of years past.

MYTILUS, Linn.

M. QUADRATUS, D. 8.

PI. 31, Fig. 87.
(Inoceramus Piochii (pars), Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, pi. 25, fig. 174.)

SHELL moderate in size, thin, flattened, elongate, rounded
quadrate ; beaks small, acute, terminal ; anterior margin very
slightly sinuous above, and broadly convex, nearly straight
below; posterior side slightly convex and nearly parallel with
the anterior; cardinal margin slightly sloping, and uniting by a
broad curve with the posterior; base broadly convex, most promi
nent anteriorly. Surface slightly but regularly convex, except
close to the anterior margin, where it falls more rapidly; orna
mented by a few irregular lines of growth.

Figures, natural size.

From the Chico Group, at Martinez and Tuscan Springs.

In my original description of "Inoceramus" Piochii, I supposed this to be the
smaller valve of that species, and accordingly included it. As will be seen further
on, however, both valves of that shell are very different from the present one.

The present species can be at once distinguished from all other Mytili by its
unusually square form. Its nearest ally is M. ascia, but that shell is arched, and
the more slender form and acute anterior end will sufficiently separate them.

MODIOLA, Lam.
M. MAJOR, n. s.

PI. 31, Fig. 88.

SHELL very large, thick, slightly curved ; beaks small, about
an eighth of the length from the anterior end, which is narrowly

192 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

rounded and produced; cardinal margin slightly arched; base
concave in the middle, convex posteriorly ; posterior end irregu
larly convex, most prominent below. Surface marked by coarse,
irregular lines of growth.

Length, 4.8 inches; width, 2.4 inches; diameter about 1.5 inch.

Common in the white limestone of the Shasta Group, east of Knoxville, Lake
County ; also found smaller in the same beds in Morgan Valley, south of Clear
Lake,' and at the Hot Sulphur Springs, east of Clear Lake, Colusa County.

A fine species, well characterized by its size, being the largest species of the
genus, with which I am acquainted. Some specimens are over six inches in
length.

MELEAGRINA, Lam.

M. ANTIQUA, 11. 8.
PI. 31, Fig. 89.

SHELL small, flattened, rounded quadrate; beaks acute, pro
duced, and terminal; cardinal margin straight, very slightly slop
ing ; anterior margin strongly sinuous for a short distance under
the beaks, continued in a regular curve, running into the base,
which is a little the most prominent posteriorly ; posterior mar
gin nearly straight, uniting with the base by a more abrupt curve
than that on the anterior side. Surface plain, or marked only by
lines of growth. Hinge slender; muscular scar large, broadly
reniform, placed a very little posterior to the middle.

Length, 1.3 inch ; width, 1.5 inch ; thickness of two valves, .32 inch.

From Departure Bay, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, associated with Trigonia
Evansana, Pecten Traskii, and other fossils equally characteristic of the Chico
Group.

The oldest known species of the genus, being from a deposit certainly older than
the white chalk. It possesses all of the generic characters in a much more marked
manner than we might feel warranted in expecting, when we consider how far
removed the species is from the geological age in which the genus has obtained its
greatest specific development. It is usually the case that, where a genus attains
its greatest numerical specific development in any one geological age, those species
which first appear, especially if in a remote formation, as well as those that mark

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 193

its gradual decline before its final disappearance, are the most apt to present varia
tions from the normal type of the genus.

INOCERAMUS, Sby.
I. ELLIOTII, n. a.

PI. 81, Fig. 90 a.

SHELL large, equivalve, subquadrate; beaks terminal ; cardinal
margin Btraight,(?) nearly as long as the shell; anterior end trun
cated, nearly straight; posterior end straight and sloping out
wards above, rounded below, and, with the base, forming a nearly
perfect semicircle. Surface marked by about a dozen large, sharp,
concentric, imbricating ribs or lamellae, with broad concave inter
spaces.

Figure, natural size ; from a cast in sandstone: the accompanying outline sec
tion of the surface is restored from impressions in the matrix.

From the semi-metamorphosed Cretaceous sandstone on Alcatraz Island, San
Francisco harbor. Presented to the survey cabinet by Major George H. Elliot,
U. S. Engineers, by whom the first specimens were discovered. On subsequently
visiting the locality, I found numerous casts of this and of several other bivalves,
the latter in too imperfect a condition to be recognized. The species is of unusual
interest, being the first incontestable proof discovered, of the Cretaceous age of the
long-disputed "San Francisco Sandstone."

I. WHITNEYI, n. s.

PL 32, Fig. 91.

SHELL large, elongate, subelliptical; beaks large, prominent,
anterior, subterminal; cardinal margin straight; anterior end
and base broadly, regularly, and continuously rounded ; posterior
end forming a curve of longer radius, but also continuous with
the base. Surface marked by about sixteen large concentric ribs,
the basal margin being abruptly truncated at a nearly right angle
with the remainder of the surface ; details of surface ornament
unknown.

PAL. VOL. II. — 26

194 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

Length, 3.3 inches ; width, 2.8 inches ; height of single valve, .8 inch
A single cast in a soft, gray, fine-grained sandstone, from near Folsom, and
probably of the age of the Chico Group. Found by Professor Whitney. I have
seen in this same matrix, Ammonites Chicoensis, A. Suciaensis, Baculites Chicoensis,
and casts of some undetermined Gasteropods.

AUCELLA, Keyserling.
A. PIOCHII, Gabb.

PI. 32, Fig. 92, a, b, c.
(Inoceramus Piochii, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 187, pi. 25, fig. 173 (exclus. fig. 174).)

This shell was originally described from two or three small specimens from near
Mount Diablo ; the Tuscan Springs specimens being the Mytilus, figured at 174,
and which I have separated in the present paper. During the last three or four
years, the species has been discovered in profusion in a large number of locali
ties, and proves to be of great value in the identification of one of the members
of the Shasta Group. Its specific characters may be defined as follows :

SHELL variable in outline, convex, variably inequivalve ; sym
metrical and obliquely ovate in the young state, when both valves
have a small, narrow ear on the posterior side, which becomes
obliterated as the shell grows larger. In the adult, large valve
long, narrow, tapering, irregular in form; beak large, and
strongly incurved, often overhanging the opposite valve. Smaller
valve more or less triangular, anterior side usually somewhat
truncated; beak small, acuminate and pointed in advance; pos
terior cardinal margin pretty regularly arched and sloping down
wards rapidly; under the beak, on the anterior face, is a deep
indented fold of the shell, forming an internal sinus (seen in figs.
92, and 92 c). Surface of both valves very variable in convexity,
and in the adult, covered by irregular wrinkles, besides fine, and
in some cases pretty regular, concentric ribs.

Figures, natural size, except 92 c, which is twice the size of the original.

Very characteristic of a series of shales of the Shasta Group, found from Mount
Diablo, at various points along the east face of the Coast Range to the north end
of the Sacramento Valley. Two or three good specimens from Washington Ter-

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 195

ritory, east of Pnget Sound, were presented by Mr. Samuel Hubbard to the Cali
fornia Academy of Natural Sciences. In Colusa County, east of Clear Lake, I
found this shell forming almost the entire bulk of some beds, interstratified with
the white limestones. The Mount Diablo specimens are rare, and always small,
while some from Colusa and Lake Counties are nearly three inches in greatest
length. The only species that I have ever found associated in the same strata
with the present one, is Belemnites impressus, which I have found at almost every
locality of the Aucella, and which is also very characteristic of the most typical
beds of the Shasta Group, in the vicinity of Cottonwood Creek. •

PINNA, Linn.
P. BREWERII, Gabb.

PI. 32, Fig. 93.
(P. Brewerii, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 188, pi. 25, fig. 175.)

This is a rare species, and I have had the opportunity of ex
amining but few specimens. A very tine one now before me,
and for the loan of which I am indebted to the kindness of Mr.
Voy, of Oakland, exhibits the specific characters better than any
other yet discovered. The angle of divergence of the sides in
this case, is nearer 40° than 20°. Near the middle of each valve
is a strongly marked rib, on one side of which are six or seven
fine, slightly elevated, radiating ribs; on the other side are two
or three similar, obsolete radiations, and starting from the mar
gin are some stronger, but irregular undulations, parallel with
the midrib, which run downwards and curve inwards towards the
middle ; from the lines of growth, the base of the shell seems to
have been notched in the middle.

The figure is natural size. Found only in the Chico Group ; the present speci
men being from Shasta County.

196 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

TRIGONIA, Brug.

T. J3QUICOSTATA, n. 8.
(Indet. ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, pi. 26, fig. 198.)

SHELL small, trigonal, elongate; beaks prominent, anterior;
cardinal margin sloping posteriorly, straight to slightly convex
or concave ; anterior end regularly rounded ; base broadly
rounded, most prominent in the middle ; posterior end narrowly
truncated. Surface marked by regular, square, concentric ribs,
with equal, flat, interspaces; these ribs end abruptly in advance,
and are continued by fine lines starting with an angle somewhat
less than a right angle ; posteriorly there is an angular ridge run
ning from the beak to the posterior basal angle, and on crossing
this the ribs curve upwards towards the margin. Internally, the
surface is marked by four or five radiating ribs under the beak;
this character is not always present; the hinge teeth are unusu
ally large, are coarsely ribbed, the anterior tooth being supported
longitudinally by a vertical plate, starting from the upper edge
of the muscular scar.

Figure in Vol. 1, natural size.

Common in the Chico Group at Orestimba CaBon, Curry's, south of Mount
Diablo, Jacksonville, Oregon, and found occasionally at Martinez, and Cottonwood
Creek.

AXIN^EA, Poll.
A. SAGITTATA, Gabb.

(A (? Limopsis) sagittate,, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 197, pi. 31, fig. 267.)

At the time that this species was described, I was unable to decide finally as to
its generic relations. I have since been enabled to expose the area, which is very
narrow but characteristic, and which places it in the above genus.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 197

NUCULA, Lam.

N. (ACILA) TKUNCATA, Gabb.

(Nucula truncata, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 198, pi. 26, fig. 184.)

A very common species, found at almost every locality of the Chico, Martinez,
and Tejon Groups. The specific identity of these fossils having been denied, I
have re-investigated the subject with the utmost care, and have failed to find even
a varietal difference between specimens from the three deposits. At the same
time, in the Martinez Group, at Martinez, in addition to the normal form, and
associated with it, is a larger variety, of which I have three specimens. These 1
have compared, with the assistance of Mr. Conrad, both with the smaller variety
of the Martinez Group, and with others from the adjoining deposits, and we can
find no difference except the size.

!N". SOLITARIA, n. 8.
PI. 32, Fig. 94.

SHELL small, rounded triangular ; beaks small, rather promi
nent, subterminal, and inclined forwards ; cardinal margin nearly
straight, rapidly sloping posteriorly; anterior end subtruncated,
a little excavated under the beaks, and very slightly convex below,
united with the base by a pretty well-marked angle ; base rounded,
most prominent a little behind the middle ; posterior end narrowly
rounded. Surface marked by a few large and many minute lines
of growth ; hinge robust, pit small.

Length, .26 inch ; width, .22 inch ; height of single valve, .04 inch.

Very rare in the Chico Group, Texas Flat, Placer County.

With the general form of N. (Acild) truncata, this shell is very much smaller,
and the entire absence of the radiating ornament will at once distinguish it. It
is wider from beak to base in proportion to its length, the anterior end is much
more convex, and the posterior is somewhat narrower.

LEDA, Schum.
L. GABBII, Con. sp.

(L.protexta ? Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 199, pi. 26, flg. 185.)

(Not L. protexta, Gabb; Jour. Phil. Acad., 2 Ser., Vol. 4, p. 303, pi. 48, fig. 23.)

(Nuculana Gabbii, Con. ; Smithsonian Check List, No. 44.)

PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

On comparing the Californian with the New Jersey species, I find that there
are differences in form sufficient to warrant their separation. Mr. Conrad having
proposed a new name for the Western shell, I am obliged to adopt it, though I
should have preferred his choosing some other appellation. The present species is
broader in proportion to its length, than the casts in the New Jersey marl, which,
though all more or less imperfect, seem to have been remarkably long and straight.

PECTEN, Brug.
P. TRASKII, Gabb.

PI. 32, Fig. 96.
(Pecten Traskii, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 200, pi. 26, fig. 187.)

This rare shell was originally known by but two specimens from the loose-
grained sandstones of Texas Flat, Placer County. A third has since been found
by myself in the greenish rock on the north shore of Departure Bay, near Nanaimo,
Vancouver Island, and which throws some additional light on the specific charac
ters. The shell is very thin, and the surface, of which a fine fragment is pre
served, has a slightly different ornament from the figure in the first volume. The
lines in the interspaces between the ribs, which I mentioned at the time as being
represented too numerous in the figure, are elevated threads, slightly irregular in
their direction, and radiate from the middle. The figure above quoted represents
their character near the side of the shell. The present figure represents the middle
of the surface. The imbrication of the ribs is produced by these fine lines crossing
them. So far as we know at present, the species is confined to the Chico Group.

P. MARTINEZENSIS, n. s.

PI. 33, Fig. 96.

SHELL minute, thin, elongate, equivalve, equilateral; sides
straight above, below forming with the base a regular curve.
Lower valve, right auricle deeply emarginate, narrow; left smaller.
Upper valve, right auricle small ; left large, margin slightly sinuous.
Surface ornamented by numerous fine radiating ribs.

Length from beak to base, .34 inch.
Not common in the Martinez Group, Martinez.

From the other Pectens of the California Cretaceous, this species can be dis
tinguished by its small size and radiating ribs. I was formerly inclined to believe

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 199

I

it to be the young of P. Traskii, but have now three specimens varying only in

size one or two-hundredths of an inch, and consequently cannot resist the belief
that it is a distinct species.

P. COMPLEXICOSTA, 11. 8.
PI. 33, Fig. 97, 97 a.

SHELL moderate in size, thin, equivalve, nearly equilateral;
sides and base forming a regular curve, slightly elongated ; the
right side of the upper valve, and corresponding side of the
lower, a little the most convex above; upper valve with the left
ear a little concave on its lateral margin; shape of the right ear
unknown ; right ear of lower valve narrow, produced, and deeply
emarginate. Surface marked by about twelve or fourteen radi
ating ribs, with sometimes an equal number of smaller ones
intercalated ; these are more strongly marked on the cast than
externally; besides the ribs, the entire surface is closely sculptured
by minute radiating lines, very variable in size.

Figure, natural size, and a magnified view of the surface.

Common in the white limestone of the Shasta Group in Morgan Valley, south
of Clear Lake, collected by Professor Whitney. Although the species is abun
dantly represented at this locality, no entire specimens have ever been obtained,
owing to the character of the matrix. By the study of a large number of fragments,
I have been enabled to arrive at nil the important specific characters, except the
shape of the ear, which is represented broken in the figure, as it occurs in the best
specimen. Two or three casts before me give the outline, and the details of the
surface are drawn from impressions in the matrix.

P. INTERRADIATUS, n. 8.
PI. 33, Fig. 98, 98 a.

SHELL small, subcircular, equivalve, equilateral, compressed,
thin; upper valve, ears equal, moderately large; lower valve, right
ear long, deeply and narrowly emarginate. Surface marked by-
very numerous fine radiating lines, and obscure lines of growth.
Internal surface of both valves bearing eight straight, equidis
tant, large ribs, of variable length among themselves, extending

200 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

from the beaks to near the middle of the shell, and ending
abruptly.

Figures, natural size.

From a buff-colored shale east of New Idria, at or very near the summit of the
Tejon Group, where I found it very abundant.

P. operculiformis and P. Californicus of the California Cretaceous are marked by
concentric lines only ; the former is much larger than the present species, and the
ears are of a very different shape; neither of those species has the internal ribs of
this shell. The other species are longer, with smaller ears, and are markedly
costate.

NEITHEA, Drouet.

N. GRANDICOSTA, 11. 8.
PI. 33, Fig. 99 a.

SHELL minute, very inequivalve, equilateral, elongated ; lower
valve, sides tapering a little concavely ; general contour of the
base semicircular, with six prominent angles and concave inter
spaces. Surface marked by six very large, round, equidistant
ribs, the interspaces carrying a small rib, flanked on each side by
one still smaller; in some cases the sides of the large ribs are
faintly striate ; crossing these ribs are minute, very regular lines
of growth; ears very unequal, the right ear long and deeply
emarginate.

Length from beak to base, .5 inch.

Hare in the Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County.

This is one of the smallest, if not absolutely the smallest species yet described
in the genus. It has some resemblance to N. duplicicosia, Koem. sp., of Texas,
which has three intermediate ribs ; but in that shell the large rib is very com
pound. It is most nearly allied to the French Neocomien species, N. atava, d'Orb.
sp., but the ears are of a different shape; in that shell the right ear of the lower
valve is much smaller, the interspaces are more concave, and the large ribs, instead
of being simple, are made up of three smaller ribs.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 201

LIMA, Brug.

L, SHASTAENSIS, n. s.

PL 33, Fig. 100.

SHELL small, compressed, irregularly subelliptical, equivalve;
anterior side and base forming a regular curve, the posterior
margin of the base rounding up rather abruptly to the posterior
side, which is straight; ears very small, the anterior triangular,
the posterior narrow, almost linear ; posterior umbonal slope very
narrow. Surface ornamented, by twenty or twenty-one promi
nent, straight, radiating ribs, with the interspaces of equal size.

Greatest length, from beak to base, .6 inch; antero-posterior diameter, .45 inch;
depth of single valve, .09 inch.

Rare in the Shasta Group, Cotton wood Creek, Shasta County.

I have two specimens of this shell, on« of which is somewhat mutilated, but
they fortunately show both valves. The species is less oblique than L. microtis,
and the ornament of the surface is entirely different, as it is also from L. appressa.
The latter species is narrower Above than the present one, it is a straighter shell,
and the anterior ear is larger.

L. MULTIRADIATA, n. S.
PI. 33, Fig. 101.

There is but a single mutilated specimen of this fine shell in the collection, with
its corresponding impression in the matrix. The lines of growth on the latter,
together with some, less distinct, on the shell itself, supply the outline, except of a
small portion of the posterior margin, and of the ear on that side. The specific
characters, so far as shown, are as follows :

SHELL (right valve) large, oblique, compressed subelliptical;
anterior side forming a regular curve to the middle of the base,
very slightly sinuous above, under the ear ; posterior portion of
the basal margin much more narrowly rounded than in advance,
uniting by a broad curve above, with the posterior side, the upper
half of which seems to have been nearly straight ; the anterior
ear seems to have been long and narrow. Surface convex a little

PAL. VOL. II. — 27

202 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

behind the middle, the anterior slope being broad and nearly flat ;
the entire surface covered by very numerous, slightly wavy, some
what irregular, radiating ribs of small size, and with narrow inter
spaces; on the younger portion of the shell, the spaces between
the ribs are mere impressed lines, the ribs being convex ; near
the base, however^ the ribs become proportionally smaller, the
spaces are wider than the ribs, and are concave, and the whole
are crossed by minute subsquamose lines of growth.

Length from beak to base, of a broken specimen, 3 inches.

From the vicinity of Lower Lake Village, Lake County; from a deposit inter
mediate between the Martinez and Tejon Groups.

This shell belongs to the type, of Sowerby's Plagiostoma, a group of extinct
species, well characterized by their peculiar surface ornament. I am familiar with
the external characters of a number of the species, but have never had the good
fortune of being able to examine the hinge.

The present species is closely allied to L. microtis, nobis, but is proportionally
much broader, the posterior side is straighter, the anterior side is much more
regularly curved, being most prominent in the middle or below, while in microtis
the greatest prominence is just below the ear; the most marked difference seems
to be in the relative degree of obliquity of the two species. Another difference is
in the surface ornament ; both have numerous, small ribs, but microtis has the
interspaces punctate and the ribs flat, while the present shell has round ribs, and
the grooves are perfectly simple, except for the lines of growth.

ANOMIA, Linn.

A. VANCOUVERENSIS, n. s.

PI. 33, Fig. 102.

SHELL circular, thin ; upper valve unknown; lower valve flat;
marked by strong lines of growth and by very faint radiating
lines; aperture elongated, oblique, occupying nearly a third of
the diameter of the shell.

Diameter, 1. inch.

From the Chico Group, Departure Bay, near Nanaimo, Vancouver Island.

It is not impossible that this may prove to be the under valve of A. lineata, nob.
(Vol. 1, p. 203, pi. 26, fig. 193), which belongs to the same group in the forma
tion, and of which the lower valve was unknown.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 203

OSTREA, Linn.
O. IDRIAENSIS, n. s.

PI. 33, Fig. 103, b, c, d.
PI. 34, Fig. 103, 103 a.

SHELL moderately large, oblique, often curved, heavy; lower
valve usually deep, more oblique than the upper; hinge straight
or deflected to the left, median groove pretty strongly marked ;
internal margins in the young shell, finely crenulated or pitted
towards the beak, this character disappearing to a great extent in
the adult. Surface of both valves roughly and very irregularly
squamose. Muscular scar reniform to semicircular, and placed
distinctly to one side of the middle.

Length, from three to six inches. The figures are all natural size, the greatest
thickness of the specimen, fig. 103, is 1.25 inch, the fragment, 103 a, has about an
equal thickness, indicating a shell when entire, perhaps three inches through both
valves.

From the Tejon Group, on the same horizon as the beds at Marsh's, near Mount
Diablo. Locality, about two miles east of the Hacienda at New Idria, where it is
very abundant.

The obliquity of the hinge in this shell is quite a variable character. It is well
represented by the figures 103 and 103 d, in its greatest extent ; figure 103 a is a
transition form, while a specimen of an upper valve before me, has the hinge
nearly straight.

O. APPRESSA, n. 8.
PI. 34, Fig. 104, 104 a.

SHELL thin, flat, more or less equilateral, valves nearly equal,
usually about two-fifths longer than wide. Surface covered by
numerous, thin, squamose plates. Hinge flat, large; margins
simple, sometimes subsquamose. Muscular scar small, oblique.

Figures, natural size. Some specimens were found seven inches long.
1 found this shell forming a stratum several feet thick, adjoining a bed of coal,
and in associated strata were familiar species characteristic of the Tejon Group.

204 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

The locality is on one of the branches of Eel Kivcr, at the mouth of Salt Creek,
southwest of Round Valley, Mendocino County

The species is remarkable for its thin, flat shell, often distorted, and for its broad,
flat hinge.

BRACH10PODA.

RHYNCHONELLA, Fisch.
R. WHITNEYI, Gabb.

PI. 34, Fig. 105, a, b.

(Terebratella Whitneyi, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 2, p. 35, pi. 12, fig. 62, 62 a.)
(Compare R. joeregrrina, Von Buch sp., d'Orb. ; Pal., Fr. Terr. Cret., Vol. 4, p. 16,
pi. 193.)

"When this species was described, it was supposed to be Tertiary, and the descrip
tion and figures were taken from immature specimens. In the latter part of 1866
I had an opportunity of studying the rocks from which it came, and found them
interstratified with shales containing Aucella Piochii and Belemnites impressus,
thereby proving them to belong to the Shasta Group. The species is extremely
abundant in the white limestones of Lake and Colusa Counties, and I was fortunate
in procuring the large specimen now figured. The species is very closely allied to
R* peregrina of the French Neocomien, and it is not impossible that they may
yet prove identical. I shall, however, retain the specific name for the present,
until the question of their identity can be definitely settled pro or con. The follow
ing points of difference exist between the specimen before me, and a fine example
of the French shell in the Museum of the Philadelphia Academy. "While the
number and shape of the ribs are the same in both specimens, the Californian shell
is very much more convex, the beak is higher, and the deltidium is markedly
narrower ; in R. peregrina, all of the ribs which reach the lateral margins cause* a
strong zigzag serration of the margin when viewed directly ; in the present shell,
this effect is produced only below the middle, on account of the upper ribs becoming
less distinct as they approach the edge.

Very numerous specimens of another Brachiopod have been found by Mr.
Mathewson at Martinez, in a sandstone, probably of the Chico Group The valves
are always separated, and I have never succeeded in discovering a single generic
character. The shell is very transverse, a third wider than long, and is closely
covered by minute radiating ribs to beyond the middle, where, reversing the usual
order, instead of branching they unite by twos or threes, forming a few large
angular folds on the lateral and basal margins. One valve appears to have a broad

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 205

shallow sinus at the middle of its base, bearing three or four of these folds ; a cor
responding tongue or prolongation of the other valve meeting it, but without the
usual median depression on the surface. Among between twenty-five and thirty
specimens, not one shows all the surface of a valve, though by counting several,
it seems that there are nearly sixty of the small ribs and about fifteen of the large
marginal folds.

KADIATA.
SMILOTROCHUS, E. & H.

? S. CURTUS, D. 8.
PI. 34, Fig. 106, 106 a.

Polypidoni circular, low, base apparently rounded or very
blunt, sides but slightly diverging. Internal septa short, numer
ous, leaving a well-marked cup-like cavity in the middle; their
sides marked by numerous small, curved, raised lines, radiating
from below upwards and inwards. External surface unknown.

Figures, natural size.

Rare near Martinez. Two specimens in my collection from either the Martinez
or Chico Groups ; found by Mr. Mathewson. This coral is easily distinguished
by its short, robust, cup-like form. The surface sculpture is lost on both the speci
mens, being torn away by the hard matrix in which they were embedded.

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

VOL. II.

SECTION II.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS.

P A K T II.

SYNOPSIS OF THE CRETACEOUS INVERTEBRATE
FOSSILS OF CALIFORNIA.

(207)

CRUSTACEA.

CALLIANASSA, Leach. C. STIMPSONII, Gabb.

C. Stimpsonii, Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 57, pi. 9, fig. 1, a, b, e.

Id., Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 127, pi. 19, fig. 3.

Ohico Group, Chico Creek ; Tejon Group, Clayton and Tejon.

GEN? SP. INDET.

A carapace from the Martinez (?), Group, Martinez.

GEN? SP. INDET.

Hands of a Macrouran, from the Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek, Shasta
County.

. MOLLUSC A.

CEPHALOPODA.
PTILOTEUTHIS, Gabb. P. FOLIATUS, Gabb.

Ptiloteuthis foliatus, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vel. 2, p. 128, pi. 19, fig. 4.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

BELEMNITES, Cuv. B. IMPRESSUS, Gabb.

B. impresses, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 68, pi. 9, fig. 2.

Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek, Horsetown, Mount Diablo, Colusa County.

ffATTTILUS, Brug. N. TEXANUS,? Shum.

N. Texanus, Shum. ; Trans. St. Louis Acad., 1860, p. 690.

Id., Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 69, pi. 9, fig. 3.

? Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek, Alderson's Gulch, Mount Diablo.

PAL. VOL. II.— 28. ( 209 )

210 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA

N. CAMPBELLI, Meek.

N. Campbelli, Meek; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 818.
Comax, Vancouver Island.

ATURIA, Bronn. A. MATHEWSONII, Gabb.

A. Mathewsonii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 59, pi. 17, fig. 31.

Martinez Group, Martinez; Tejon Group, Clayton and Tejon.

AMMONITES, Brug. A. BREWERII, Gabb.

A. Brewerii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 62, pi. 10, fig. 7.
Id., Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 130, pi. 20, fig. 5; pi. 19, fig. 5 a, b, 6 a.
A. Newberryanus, Gabb, part, (not Meek) ; Vol. 1, pi. 10, fig. 6.
Shasta Group, Cottonvvood Creek.

A. HAYDENII, Gabb.

A. Haydenii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 62, pi. 10, fig. 8.
"With the preceding.

A. PERUVIANUS, ? Von Buch.

A. Peruvianus, Von Buch; Petrif. Rec. par Humboldt en Amer., p. 6, pi. 1,

fig. 5-7.

A. Peruvianus ? Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 63, pi. 10, fig. 9.
Id., Marcou ; Geol. North Amer., pi. 5, fig. 1.
From Von Buch's original figure and description, it seems doubtful if his

shell is really an Ammonite, but my single fragment is too imperfect to

permit more than a very doubtful determination.
Chico Group, Tuscan Springs.

A. TRASKII, Gabb.

A. Traskii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 63, pi. 11, fig. 10; pi. 12, fig. 11.

Id., Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 131, pi. 19, fig. 7, 7 a, 7 b.

Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek, and Arbuckle's Diggings, Shasta County.

A. RAMOSDS, Meek.

A. (Scaphites) ramosus, Meek; Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 4, p. 45.

A. ramosus, Gabb; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 65, pi. 11, fig. 12, 12 a; pi. 12, fig. 12 b.

Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 211

A. HOFFMANNII, Gabb.

A. Hoffmannii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 65, pi. 11, fig. 13, 13 a; pi. 12, fig. 13 b.

Id., Vol. 2, p. 131, pi. 20, fig. 8, 8 a.

Shasta Group, Horsetown, and Cottonwood Creek.

A. KEMONDII, Gabb.

A. Remondii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 66, pi. 12, fig. 14, 14 a, 15.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek ; Chico Group, Pence's.

A. BATESII, Trask.

A. Batesii, Trask ; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1855, Vol. 1, p. 40.
A. Batesii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 67, pi. 13, fig. 16, 16 a.
A. Batesii, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 132, pi. 20, fig. 9, 9 a; pi. 21, fig. 10, a, b.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek, Chico Group, Benicia, and south of Mount
Diablo.

A. TEHAMAENSIS, Gabb.

A, subtricarinatus, Gabb (not d'Orb.) ; Vol. 1, p. 60, pi. 10, fig. 4.

A. Tehamaensis, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 132.

Shasta Group (?), Battle Creek, Tehama County.

A. CHICOENSIS, Trask.

7
A. Chicoensis, Trask; Proc. Cal. Acad., Vol. 1, p. 85, pi. 2, fig. 1. •

Id., Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 68, pi. 13, fig. 17, 17 a, 17 b.

Chico Group, Chico Creek, Pence's, Kelly's, Siskiyou Mountains, San Luis
Gonzaga, Cottonwood Creek.

A. SUCIAENSIS, Meek.

A. complexus var. Suciaensis, Meek ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 317.
A. complexus ? Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 69.
A. Suciaensis, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 133, pi. 21, fig. 11, a, b.

Chico Group, Folsom, near Mount Diablo, and Sucia Island, in the Gulf of
Georgia.

A. VANCOUVERENSIS, Meek.

A. Vancouver ensis, Meek ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 317.
Comax, Vancouver Island.

212 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

A. JUGALIS, Gabb.

A. jugalis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 133, pi. 22, fig. 12, a, 6, 13 a.
A. Newberryanus, Gabb (not Meek); pars, Vol. 1, pi. 10, fig. 5; fig. 6 b.
Martinez Group, Martinez, Benicia, Curry's, south of Mount Diablo; Tejon
Group, Martinez, and Clayton.

A. NEWBERRYANUS, Meek.

A. Newberryanus, Meek ; Trans. Alb. Inst., Vol. 4, p. 47.
Id., Gabb, jMirs, Vol. 1, p. 61, pi. 27, fig. 199, a, b, c.
Chico Group, Vancouver Island.

A. WHITNEYI, Gabb.

A. Whitneyi, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 134, pi. 22, fig. 14, a, b.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

A. STOLICZKANUS, Gabb.

A. StoliczJcanus, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 135, pi. 23, fig. 16, 16 a.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

A. FRATERNUS, Gabb.

A. fraternus, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 137, pi. 23, fig. 15, a, b.
Martinez Group, Benicia.

? A. COOPERII, Gabb.

? A. Cooperii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 69, pi. 14, fig. 23, 23 a.
Chico Group, ? San Diego.

HAMITES, Park. H. (? ANCYLOCERAS) VANCOUVERENSIS, Gabb.

Hamites Vancouver -ensis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 70, pi. 13, fig. 18.
Chico Group, Vancouver Island.

HELICOCERAS, d'Orb. ? H. VERMICULARIS, Gabb.

? H. vermicularis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 71, pi. 13, fig. 19, 19 a.
Martinez Group, near Martinez.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 213

H. BREWERII, Gabb.

H. Erewerii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 72, pi. 14, fig. 22.
Chico Group, Pence's.

H. DEOLIVB, Gabb.

H. declive, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 73, pi. 28, fig. 200, 200 a.
Chico Group, Pence's Ranch.

TURRILITES, Lam. T. OREGONENSIS, Gabb.

T. sp. indet., Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 73, pi. 20, fig. 201.
T. Oregonensis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 138.

Chico Group, Jacksonville, Oregon, and Crooked Creek of the Des Chutes,
east of the Cascade Range.

ANCYLOCERAS, d'Orb. A. BEMONDII, Gabb.

Crioceras (A. ?) R6mondii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 75, pi. 14, fig. 24 a.
Ancyloceras s;>. ? Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 78, pi. 15, fig. 30.
A. Remondii, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 138, pi. 23, fig. 17.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek, Arbuckle's.

A. PERCOSTATUS, Gabb.

Crioceras percostatus, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 77, pi. 16, fig. 26; pi. 17, fig. 26 a.
A. percostatus, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 138, pi. 24, fig. 19.

Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek, Arbuckle's, and a fragment (of this species
?) from the vicinity of Martinez.

? A. QUADRATUS, Gabb.

Ptychoceras (? Hamites) quadratics, Gabb; Vol. l,p. 74, pi. 15, fig. 21; pi. 14,

fig. 21 a.
Chico Group, Pence's Ranch.

? A. LINEATUS, Gabb.

? A. lineatus, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 139, pi. 23, fig. 18, a, b, c.

Shasta (?) or Chico Group, Cottonwood Creek, and Chico Group near Folsom.

CRIOCERAS, d'Orb. C. LATUS, Gabb.

C. latus, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 76, pi. 15, fig. 25 25 a ; pi. 14, fig. 25 b.
Shasta Group, near Weaverville.

214 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

HELICANCYLUS, Gabb. H. JEQUICOSTATUS, Gabb.

Ptychoceras cequicostatus, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 74, pi. 13, fig. 20.

H. cequicostatus, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 141, pi. 25, tig. 20, a-g.

Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek, Alderson's Gulch, and Eagle Creek, Shasta

y-1

County.

DIPTYCHOCERAS, Gabb. D. L^EVIS, Gabb.

D. Icevis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 144, pi. 25, fig. 21, a, b.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

BACULITES, Lam. B. CHICOENSIS, Trask.

B. Chicoensis, Trask ; Proc. Cal. Acad., 1856, p. 85, pi. 2, fig. 2.
B. Chicoensis, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 80, pi. 17, fig. 27, 27 a ; pi. 14, fig. 27 b, 29, 29 a,
Chico Group, Chico, Pence's, Cottonwood, Orestimba, and San Diego ; Mar
tinez Group, Martinez.

B. OCCIDENTALIS, Meek.

B. ovatus, ? Meek; Tr. Alb. Inst., Vol. 4, p. 48.

B. occidentalis, Meek ; loc. cit. , p. 49.

Id., Meek; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 316.

B. sp. indet., Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 81, pi. 14, fig. 28 b; pi. 17, fig. 28, 28 a.

Chico Group, Vancouver Island.

B. INORNATUS, Meek.

B. inornatus, Meek; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 316.
Sucia Island, Gulf of Georgia.

GASTEROPODA.
TYPHIS, Montf. T. ANTIQTJUS, Gabb.

T. antiquus, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 82, pi. 18, fig. 31.
Tejon Group, Maritnez, Tejon.

FTJSTJS, Lam. F. MARTINEZ, Gabb.

F. Martinez, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 82, pi. 18, fig. 32.
Tejon Group, Martinez, Tejon.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 215

F. MATHEWSONII, Gabb.

F. Mathewsonii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 83, pi. 18, fig. 33.

Martinez Group, Martinez and Curry's ; Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton
and Cochrane's.

F. AVERILLII, Gabb.

F. Averillii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 83, pi. 18, fig. 34.
Chico Group, Tuscan Springs.

F. DIABOLI, Gabb.

F. Diaboli, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 84, pi. 18, fig. 35.
Tejon Group, vicinity of Mount Diablo, Tejon.

F. ARATUS, Gabb.

F. aratus, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 84, pi. 28, fig. 202.
Group ? (Martinez or Chico) Martinez.

. .

F. FLEXUOSUS, Gabb.

F.'flexuosus, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 85, pi. 21, fig. 109.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

F. KINGII, Gabb.

F. Kingii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 85, pi. 28, fig. 204.

Chico Group, Cottonwood Creek, Siskiyou County (not the creek of the same
name in Shasta County).

F. CALIFORNICUS, Con.,sp.

F. Californicus, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 85, pi. 28, fig. 205 a. '
? Clavatula Californica, Con. ; P. R. R. Report, Vol. 5, p. 322, pi. 2, fig. 11.
Tejon Group, Clayton, Tejon ; beds intermediate between the Tejon and Mar
tinez Groups, Lower Lake Village, Lake County.

F. TUMIDUS, Gabb.

F. tumidus, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 145, pi. 26, fig. 22.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

F. OCCIDENTALIS, Gabb.

F. occidentalis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 146, pi. 26, fig. 23.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

216 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

NEPTUNEA, Bolt. N. (TRITONOFUSUS) CRETACEA, Gabb.

Neptunea (Tritonofuws) cretacea, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 146, pi. 26, fig. 24.
Tejon Group, Martinez;.

N. MUCRONATA, Gabb.

N. mucronata, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 147, pi. 26, fig. 25.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

? N. SUPRAPLICATA, Gabb.

? N. supraplicata, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 89, pi. 18, fig. 40.
Tejon Group, Clayton, and San Diego.

? N. GRACILIS, Gabb.

N. gracilis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 90, pi. 18, fig. 42.

N. CURVIROSTRIS, Gabb.

N. curvirostris, Gabb, Vol. 1, p. 88, pi. 18, fig. 37.
Chico Group, Cow Creek.

PAL2EATRACTUS, Gabb. P. CRASSUS, Gabb.

P. crassus, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 148, pi. 26, fig. 26.
Shasta(?) Group, Colusa County, near Sulphur Springs.

EBIPACHYA, Gabb. E. PONDEROSA, Gabb.

Neptunea ponderosa, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 88, pi. 18, fig. 38.
Eripachya ponderosa, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 149.
Chico Group, Tuscan Springs, Pence's.

E. PERFORATA, Gabb.

Neptunea perforata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 89, pi. 13, fig. 39.
Eripachya perforata, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 149.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

E. HOFFMANNII, Gabb.

Neptunea Hoffmannii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 90, pi. 18, fig. 41
Eripachya Hoffmannii, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 149.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 217

PERISSOLAX, Gabb. P. BREVIROSTRIS, Gabb.

If

P. brevirostris, Gabb; Vol. L, p. 91, pi. 4% fig. 43.

Chico Group, Tuscan Springs, Pence's Ranch; Martinez Group, Martinez;
beds intermediate between Martinez and Tejon Group, Lower Lake Village,
Lake County.

P. BLAKEI, Con., sp.

Busycon .? Blakei, Con.; Pacific R. R. Rep., Vol. 6, p. 322, pi. 2, fig. 13.

Lcevifusus Blakei, Con. ; Smithsonian Check List.

Perlssolax Blakei, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 92, pi. 21, fig. 110.

Id., Gabb ; vol. 2, p. 149.

Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Cochrane's, and Tejon.

SURCULA, H. & A. Ad. S. PR.EATTENUATA, Gabb.

S. prceattenuata, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 150, pi. 26, fig. 27.
Tejon Group, San Diego.

S. (SuRCULiTEs) SINUATA, Gabb.

Conus sinuatus, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 123, pi. 29, fig. 227.

Surcula (Surculites) sinuata, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 150, pi. 26, fig. 28.

Tejon Group, Tejon.

S. (SURCULITES) INCONSPICUA, Gabb.

S. (S.) inconspicua, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 151, pi. 26, fig. 29.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

S. CLAYTONENSIS, Gabb.

Turris Claytonensis, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 92, pi. 18, fig. 46.
Tejon Group, Clayton, Tejon.

S. RARICOSTATA, Gabb.

Turris raricostata, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 93, pi. 18, fig. 47.
(varicostata, typographical error.)
Surcula id., Con. ; Sin. Check List, Eocene, No. 688.
Tejon Group, Clayton.

X

HETEROTERMA, Gabb. H. TROCHOIDEA, Gabb.

H. trochoidea, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 152, pi. 26, fig. 30, 30 a.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

PAL. VOL. II. — 29

218 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

BELA, Leach. B. CLATHRATA, Gabb.

Bela clathrata, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 152, pi. 26, fig. 31.
Tejon Group, Martinez.

CORDIERA, Eouault. C. MICROPTYGMA, Gabb.

C. microptygma, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 93, pi. 28, fig. 203.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

C. MITR^FORMIS, Gabb.

C. mitrceformis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 153, pi. 26, fig. 32.
Shasta Group, Colusa County, near the Sulphur Springs.

TRITONIUM, Link. T. HORNII, Gabb.

Tritonium Hornii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 94, pi. 28, fig. 208.
Tejon Group, Tejon and Cochrane's, near Mount Diablo.

T. PAUCIVARICATUM, Gabb.

T. paucivaricatum, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 95, pi. 28, fig. 209 a.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

T. WHITNEYI, Gabb.

T. Whitneyi, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 96, pi. 28, fig. 210 a.
Tejon Group, Tejon, San Diego.

T. CALIFORNICUM, Gabb.

Tritonium Californicum, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 154, pi. 26, fig. 33.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

TRITONIUM, (S. Gen. TRACHYTRITON, Meek). T. (T.) DIEGOENSIS,
Gabb.

Tritonium Diegoensis, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 95, pi. 18, fig. 44.
Tejon Group, San Diego.

T. (T,) TEJONENSIS, Gabb.

T. (T.) Tejonensis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 164, pi. 26, fig. 34.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 219

T. (T.) FUSIFORME, Gabb.

T. (T.) fusiforme, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 155.

Figure without name or description, Vol. 1, pi. 18, fig. 45.

Tejon Group, Tejon.

BRACHYSPHINGUS, Gabb. B. LIRATUS, Gabb.

Buccinum liratum, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 96, pi. 28, fig. 211.
Brachysphingus liratus, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 156.
Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Marsh's.

B. SINUATUS, Gabb.

B. stnuatus, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 156, pi. 26, fig. 35.
Tejon Group, Martinez.

BULLIA, Gray. (S. Gen. MOLOPOPHORUS, Gabb.) B. (M.) STEIATA,
Gabb.

B. (M.) striata, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 157, pi. 26, fig. 36.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

NASSA, Lam. N". CRETACEA, Gabb.

N. cretacea, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 97, pi. 18, fig. 49.

Tejon Group, Martinez, Tejon, and ten miles west of Griswold'

N. ANTIQUATA, Gabb.

N. antiquata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 97, pi. 18, fig. 50.
Tejon Group, Martinez.

HAYDENIA, Gabb. H. IMPRESSA, Gabb.

Haydenia impressa, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 98, pi. 18, fig. 51.
Chico Group, Tuscan Springs, and Pence's.

PSEUDOLIVA, Swains. P. LINEATA, Gabb.

P. lineata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 99, pi. 18, fig. 52.
Tejon Group, Martinez.

220 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

P. VOLUTJEFORMIS, Gabb.

P. volutaformis, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 99, pi. 28, fig. 212.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

OLIVELLA, Swains. O. MATHEWSONII, Gabb.

O. Mathewsonii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 100, pi. 18, fig. 63.
Tejon Group, Martinez, Tejon, Clayton, and Griswold's.

ANCILLARIA, Lam. A. ELONGATA, Gabb.

A. elongata, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 100, pi. 18, fig. 64.
Tejon Group, Clayton, Cocbrane's, and San Diego.

FASCIOLARIA, Lara. ? F. L^VIUSCULA, Gabb.

? F. Iceviuscula, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 100, pi. 18, fig. 65.

Beds intermediate between the Martinez and Tejon Groups at Clayton, and
near Lower Lake Village.

F. SINUATA, Gabb.

F. sinuata, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 101, pi. 28, fig. 213 a.
Tejon Group, Tejon, San Diego.

F. lo, Gabb.

f F. Jo, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 101, pi. 28, fig. 214.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

TUEBINELLA, Lam. T. CRASSITESTA, Gabb.

Turbinclla crassitesia, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 15?, pi. 26, fig. 37.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

VOLUTILITHES, Swains. V. NAVARROENSIS, Shum. ?

V. Navarroensis, Shum. ; Pioc. Boat. Soc. N. Hist., 1861, Vol. 8, p. 192.
Id., ? Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 102, pi. 19, fig. 56.

Chico Group, Tuscan Springs, Pence's, Jacksonville, Oregon, Siskiyou Moun
tains, Chico Creek, Cow Creek.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 221

MITRA, Lam. M. CRETACEA, Gabb.

X

Mitra cretacea, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 103, pi. 28, fig. 215.
Id., Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 158.
Tejon Group, Martinez.

WHITNEYA, Gabb. W. FICUS, Gabb.

Whitney a faus, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 104, pi. 28, fig. 216.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

FICUS, Bolt. F. MAMILLATUS, Gabb.

F. mamillatus, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 211, pi. 32, fig. 276.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

FICOPSIS, Con. F. KEMONDII, Gabb.

Fusus (Hemifusus) Remondii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 87, pi. 18, fig 36.
Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Griswold's, Tejon.

F. HORNII, Gabb.

Fusus (Hemifusus) Hornii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 86, pi. 28, fig. 206.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

F. COOPERII, Gabb.

Fusus (Hemifusus) Cooperii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 86, pi. 28, fig. 207.
Tejon Group, Clayton, and San Diego.

UROSYCA, Gabb. U. CAUDATA, Gabb

U. caudata, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 159, pi. 27, fig. 38.
Martinez Group, Martinez

SYCODES, Gabb. S. CYPR^OIDES, Gabb.

? Ficus cyprceoides, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 105, pi. 19, fig. 68.
Sycodes cyprceoides, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 160.
Chico Group, Tuscan Springs, Texas Flat.

NATICA, Brug. K UVASANA, Gabb.

Natica Uvasana, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 212, pi. 32, fig. 277.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

222 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

LUNATIA, Lam. L. AVELLANA, Gabb.

L. avellana, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 105, pi. 19, fig. 60.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

L. SHUMARDIANA, Gabb.

L. Shumardiana, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 106, pi. 19, fig. 61.

Martinez Group, Martinez ; intermediate beds forming transition to the Tejon
Group, Lower Lake, Lake County.

L. HORNII, Gabb.

L. Hornii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 106, pi. 29, fig. 217. ^
Tejon Group, Tejon.

*

L. NUCIFORMIS, Gabb.

L. nuciformis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 107, pi. 28, fig. 218.
Tejon Group, Clayton, Tejon, and (?) San Diego.

GYRODES, Con. G. CONRADIANA, Gabb.

Lunatia (? Gyrodes) Conradiana, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 107, pi. 29, fig. 219.
Cbico Group, Pacheco's Pass.

G. EXPANSA, Gabb.

Gyrodes expansa, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 108, pi. 19, fig. 62, a, b, e.

Chico Group, Pence's, Cottonwood Creek, Tuscan Springs, Texas Flat, Siski-

you Mountains, and Jacksonville ; Martinez Group, Martinez; and in the

transition beds, Lower Lake.

NEVERITA, Kisso. N. SECTA, Gabb.

N. secta, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 108, pi. 29, fig. 220 a.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

N. GLOBOSA, Gabb.

Neverita globosa, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 161, pi. 27, fig. 39.
Tejon Group, Griswold's, and New Idria.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 223

NATICINA, Gray. 1ST. OBLIQUA, Gabb.

N. obliqua, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 109, pi. 21, fig. 112.
Catinus obliquus, Con. ; Sm. Check List, No. 470.
Tejon Group, Martinez, Tejon.

AMAUROPSIS, Morch. A. OVIFORMIS, Gabb.

A. oviformis, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 109, pi. 19, fig. 63.
Chico Group, Tuscan Springs.

EUSPIRA, Agas. E. ALVEATA, Con., 8p.

Natica alveata, Con. ; Pacific E. K. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 321, pi. 2, fig. 8.
Amauropsis alveata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 110, pi. 19, fig. 59; pi. 21, fig. 111.
Ampullina alveata, Con. ; Sm. Check List, No. 459.
Chico Group, Curry's, south of Mount Diablo; Martinez Group, Martinez;

intermediate beds, Lower Lake; Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Gris-

wold's, Tejon, and San Diego.

AMPULLINA. A. STRIATA, Gabb.

A. striata, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 161, pi. 27, fig. 40.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

MORIO, Montf. M. (SCONSTA) TUBERCULATUS, Gabb.

M. (Sconsia) tuberculatus, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 104, pi. 19, fig. 57.
Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Griswold's, Tejon, and San Diego.

8CALARIA, Lam. S. (OPALIA) MATHEWSONII, Gabb.

Scalaria (Opalia) Mathewsonii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 212, pi. 32, fig. 278.
Tejon Group, Martinez.

TEREBRA, Brug. T. CALIFORNIA, Gabb.

T. Californica, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 162, pi. 27, fig. 41.
Tejon Group, Martinez.

CHEMNITZIA, d'Orb. C. PLANULATA, Gabb.

C. Spillmani, Gabb (not Con.) ; Vol. 1, p. 115, pi. 19, fig. 70.

C. planulata, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 162.

Chico Group, Pence's. ^

224 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

NISO, Kisso. N. POLITA, Gabb.

Nisopolita, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 116, pi. 21, fig. 113.
Tejon Group, Martinez, and Tejon.

CERITHIOPSIS, F. & H. C. ALTEBNATA, Gabb.

Cerithiopsis alternate, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 116, pi. 21, fig. 114, 114 a.
Tejon Group, Martinez, and east of Mount Diablo.

ARCHITECTONICA, Bolt. A. VEATCHII, Gabb.

A. Veatchii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 116, pi. 19, fig. 71.
Chico Group, Tuscan Springs.

A. COQNATA, Gabb.

A. cognaia, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 117, pi. 20, fig. 72, o, 6, c, d, e
Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Tejon

A. HORNII, Gabb.

A. Hornii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 117, pi. 29, fig. 224, c, b.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

A. INORNATA, Gabb.

A. inornata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 118, pi. 20, fig. 73.

Chico Group, Tuscan Springs ; Martinez Group, Martinez.

DISCOHELIX, Dkr. D. LEANA, Gabb.

Discohelix Leana, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 119, pi. 20, fig. 76.
Chico Group, Texas Flat, Placer County.

STRAPAROLLUS, Montf. S. PAUCIVOLVUS, Gabb.

S. paucivolms, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 120, pi. 20, fig. 76.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

S. LENS, Gabb.

Straparollus lens, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 120, pi. 20, fig. 77, a-d.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 225

CONUS, Linn. C. EEMONDII, Gabb.

Conus Remondii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 122, pi. 20, fig. 79.

Volutilithcs Callfornica, Con.; Pacific K. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 322, pi. 2, fig. 9.

Tojon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Cochrane's, Tejon, San Diego.

C. HORNII, Gabb.

C. Hornii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 122, pi. 29, fig. 226.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

PUGNELLUS, Con. P. HAMULUS, Gabb.

P. hamulus, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 124, pi. 20, fig. 81 ; pi. 18, fig. 48.
Pugnellus hamulus, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 162, pi. 27. fig. 42, 42 a.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

P. (GYMNARUS) MANUBRIATU&, Gabb.

Pugnellus manubriatus, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 125, pi. 29, fig. 229 a.

P. (Gymnarus) manubriatus, Gabb; Amer. Jour. Conch., 1868, p. 139.

Id., Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 163.

Chico Group, Cottonwood Creek, Siskiyou County.

RIMELLA, Agas. E. CANALIFERA, Gabb.

Rostellaria (Rimella) canalifera, Vol. 1, p. 123, pi. 29, fig. 228.
Rimella canalifera, Gabb ; Proc. Cal. A. N. S., 1866.
Tejon Group, Martinez and Tejon.

E. SIMPLEX, Gabb.

Rostellaria (Rimella) simplex, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 124, pi. 20, fig. 80.
Rimella simplex, Gabb ; Proc. Cal. A. N. S., 1866.
Tejon Group, Clayton, San Diego.

CYPKJEA, Linn. C. (LuroxiA) BAYERQUEI, Gabb.

t Cyprcea Bayerquei, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 129, wood cuts.

(7. (£..) Bayerquei, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 163, pi. 27, fig. 43, a, b, c.

Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Tejon.

C. (EPONA) MATHEWSONII, Gabb.

C. (E.) Mathewsonii, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 164. pi. 27, fig. 44, a, b.
Tejon Group, Martinez.

PAL. TOL. II. — 30.

226 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

ANCHURA, Con. A. FALCIFORMIS, Gabb.

Aporrhais falciformis, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 127, pi. 20, fig. 83.
Anchurafalciformis, Gabb; Amcr. Jour. Conch., 1868, p. 145
A. falciformis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 165.
Cbico Group, Tuscan Springs, Chico, Pence's, Texas Flat.

A. ANGULATA, Gabb.

Aporrhais angulaia, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 128, pi. 20, fig. 84.
Martinez, and (?) Huling Creek, Shasta County.

A. CALIFORNICA, Gabb.

Aporrhais Calif arnica, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 128, pi. 29, fig. 230, a, b.

Chico Group, Orestimba, Martinez, Puerto CaSon, and Siskiyou Mountains.

A. EXILIS, Gabb.

Aporrhais exilis, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 129, pi. 29, fig. 231.
Martinez (?) Group, Martinez.

A. TRANSVERSA, Gabb.

A. transversa, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 165, pi. 27, fig. 45.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

? A. CARINIFERA, Gabb.

? A. carinifera, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 166, pi. 28, fig. 46.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

HELICATJLAX, Gabb. H. BICARINATA, Gabb.

H. bicarinata, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 166, pi. 27, fig. 47.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

H. COSTATA, Gabb.

H. costata, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 167, pi. 28, fig. 48.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

TESSAROLAX, Gabb. T. DISTORTA, Gabb.

T. distorta, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 126, pi. 20, fig. 82, «, *.
Chico Group, Tuscan Springs.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 227

LOXOTREMA, Gabb. L. TURRITA, Gabb.

Loxotrema turrita, Gabb ; Amer. Jour. Conchology, 1868, p. 147.
L turrita, G-abb ; Vol. 2, p. 168, pi. 28, fig. 49.
Tejon Group, near Griswold's.

POTAMIDES, Brogn. P. DIADEMA, Gabb.

Potamides diadema, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 130, pi. 20, fig. 85.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

P. TENUIS, Gabb.

Potamides tenuis, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 130, pi. 20, fig. 86.
Chico Group, Pence's.

LITTORINA, Ferr. L. COMPACTA, Gabb.

? Littorina compacta, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 131, pi. 20, fig. 89.
Chico Group, Texas Flat, Placer County.

ATRESIUS, Gabb. A. LIRATUS, Gabb.

A. liratus, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 169, pi. 28, fig. 50.
Shasta Group, Colusa County.

TURRITELLA, Lam. T. INFRALINEATA, Gabb.

T. infralineata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 131, pi. 20, fig. 87.
Chico Group, Cottonwood Creek, and Orestimba.

T. INFRAGRANULATA, Gabb.

T. infragranulata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 212, pi. 32, fig. 279.
Martinez (?) Group, Martinez.

T. SERIATIM-GRANULATA, Roem.

T. seriatim-granulata, Roem ; Kreid. Tex., p. 39, pi. 4, fig. 12.

T. planilateralis, Con. ; Emory's Rep., Mex. Boundary, p. 158, pi. 14, fig 1.

T. irrorata, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1855, p. 268.

Chico Group, Tuscan Springs, Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County, and Cot

tonwood Creek, Siskiyou County. Also found in Texas, and at Arivechi,

Sonora.

228 PALAEONTOLOGY OP CALIFORNIA.

T. YEATCHH, Gabb.

T. Veatchii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p 133, pi. 20, fig. 90.
Chico Group, Tuscan Springs.

T. CHICOENSIS, Gabb.

T. Chicocnsis, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 133, pi. 21, fig. 91.
Chico Group, Chico Creek.

T. UVASANA, Con.

Turritella Uvasana, Con. ; Pacific R. K. Kep., Vol. 5, p. 321, pi. 2, fig. 12.

Id., Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 134, pi 21, fig. 92.

Tejon Group, Martinez, Tejon, Clayton, and Griswold's.

T. (SAFFORDII, Gabb) ;

T. Saffordii, Gabb ; Jour. Phil. Acad., 2 Ser., Vol. 4, p. 392, pi. 68, fig. 12.
Id., Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 135, pi. 21, fig. 93.

Compare T. (Torcida) dispassa, Stol. ; Pal. Ind., Gast., pi. 16, figs. 13. 14.
Martinez Group, Martinez, and near Suisun ; beds between Martinez and

Tejon Groups, near Lower Lake Village. Also in the Ripley Group in

Tennessee and New Jersey (and India?).

T. ROBUSTA, Gabb.

Turritella robusta, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 135, pi. 21, fig. 94.
Chico Group, Tuscan Springs.

T. MARTINEZENSIS, Gabb.

T. Martinezensis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 169, pi. 28, fig. 61.

Beds intermediate between the Martinez and Tejon Groups, Martinez.

GALERUS, Humph. G. EXCENTRICUS, Gabb.

G. excentricus, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 136, pi. 20, fig. 95; pi. 29, fig. 232.
Tejon Group, Martinez. Clayton, San Diego, Tejon, &c.

SPIROCEYPTA, Gabb. S. PILEUM, Gabb.

Crypto. (Spirocrypta) pilcum, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 137, pi. 29, fig. 233, a, b.
Tejon Group, Tejon, New Idria.

NERITA, Linn. N. DEFORMIS, Gabb.

N. deformis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 137, pi. 21, fig. 96.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 229

N. CUNEATA, Gabb.

N. cuneata, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 137, pi. 21, fig. 97.
Chico Group, Tuscan Springs.

N. (TlIELIOSTYLA) TRIANGULATA, Gabb.

N. (T.) triangulata, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 170, pi. 28, fig. 52 a.
Tejon Group, New Idria.

i
LYSIS, Gabb. L. DUPLICOSTA, Gabb.

Lysis duplicosta, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 138, pi. 21, fig. 98.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

CAILIOSTOMA, Swains. C. RADIATUM, Gabb.

C. radiatnm, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 170, pi. 28, fig. 53.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

ATAPHRUS, Gabb. A. CRASSUS, Gabb.

Ataphrus cj-assus, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 171, pi. 28, fig. 64.

Martinez (?) Group, Martinez.

ANGAEIA, Bolt. A. ORNATISSIMA, Gabb.

A. ornatissima, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 121, pi. 20, fig. 78.
Chico Group, Texas Flat, and Tuscan Springs.

MABGAR1TELLA, Meek and Hayden. M. CRENULATA, Gabb.

M. crenulata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 118, pi. 20, fig. 74.
Tejon Group, San Diego.

M. GLOBOSA, Gabb.

M. globosa, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 119, pi. 29, fig. 225.
Chico (?) Group, Benicia.

M. ANGULATA, Gabb.

M. angulata, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 172, pi. 28, fig. 55.
Chico Group, Martinez.

230 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

DENTALIUM, Linn. D. NANAIMOENSIS, Meek.

D. Nanaimoensis, Meek ; Tr. Alb. Inst., 1854, p. 44.
Chico Group, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island.

D. COOPERII, Gabb.

D. Cooperii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 139, pi. 21, fig. 100.

Chico Group, Curry's, south side of Mount Diablo ; Martinez Group, Mar
tinez ; Tejon Group, Martinez, Tejon, and San Diego.

D. STRAMINEUM, Gabb.

D. stramineum, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 139, pi. 21, fig. 101.
Associated with the preceding at each of the above localities.

GADUS, Eang. G. PUSILLUS, Gabb.

Dentalium (Ditrupa ?) pusillum, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 139, pi. 21, fig. 99.
Tejon Group, Martinez, Tejon.

EMARGINTTLA, Lam. E. RADIATA, Gabb.

E. radiata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 140, pi. 21, fig. 102 a.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

PATELLA, Linn. P. TRASKII, Gabb.

P. Traskii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 140, pi. 21, tig. 103.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

AC1O2A, Esch. ? A. TEJONENSIS, Gabb.

?A. Tejonensis, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 172, pi. 28, fig. 56.

HELCION, Montf. ? H. CIRCTJLARIS, Gabb.

H. drcularis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 141, pi. 29, fig. 234 o.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

H. DICHOTOMA, Gabb.

H. dichotoma, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 141, pi. 21, fig. 104.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 231

ANISOMYON, M. & H. A. MEEKII, Gabb.

A. Meekii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 142, pi. 21, fig. 105.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

CINULIA, Gray. C. OBLIQUA, Gabb.

Cinulia obliqua, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. Ill, pi. 19, fig. 64, a, 6, c.

Chico Group, Tuscan Springs, Martinez, Pence's, Chico Creek, Texas Flat,

Cottonwood Creek (Shasta County), and Cottonwood Creek (Siskiyou

County).

C. MATHEWSONII, Gabb.

C. Mathewsonii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. Ill, pi. 19, fig. 65.
Chico Group, Martinez, Orestimba.

RINGICULA, Desh. E. VARIA, Gabb.

Rlngicula varia, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 112, pi. 29, fig. 222, a, b.
Chico Group, Cow Creek, Shasta County.

RINGINELLA, d'Orb. K. POLITA, Gabb.

R. polita, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 174, pi. 28, fig. 60.
Shasta Group, Colusa County.

R. PINGUIS, Gabb.

Cinulia pinguis, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 112, pi. 29, fig. 221, a, b.
? Martinez Group, Martinez.

NERINEA, Defr. N. DISPAR, Gabb.

Nerinea dispar, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 113, pi. 19, fig. 66 a.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

ACTJEONINA, d'Orb. A. PUPOIDES, Gabb.

?A.pupoides, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 113, pi. 19, fig. 67.
A. pupoides, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 173, pi. 28, fig. 57.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

A. CALIFORNICA, Gabb.

A. Californica, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 114, pi. 19, fig. 68.
Chico Group, (?) Martinez, Benicia, and near Yreka.

232 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

ACT-ffiONELLA, d'Orb. A. OVIFORMIS, Gabb.

A. oviformis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 173, pi. 28, fig. 58.
Chico Group, (?) Cotton wood Creek.

ACTJEON, Montf. A. IMPRESSUS, Gabb.

A. impressus, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 142, pi. 21, fig. 106.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

LIOCIUM, Gabb. L. PUNCTATUM, Gabb.

fc(o3

Liocium punctatum, Gabb; Vol. T, p. 174, pi. 28, fig. 59.
Shasta (?) Group, Colusa County.

GLOBICONCHA, d'Orb. G. (PHASIANELLA ?) KEMONDII, Gabb.

&. (Phasianella?) Rtmondii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 114, pi. 19, fig. 69.
Chico (?) Group, Benicia.

CYLINDRITES. M. & L. C. BREVIS, Gabb.

Cylindrites breeis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 115, pi. 29, fig. 223.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

BULLA, Brug. B. HORNII, Gabb.

Bulla Hornii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 143, pi. 29, fig. 235.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

CYLICHNA, Lovdn. C. COSTATA, Gabb.

Cylichna costata, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 143, pi. 21, fig. 107.

Chico Group, Texas Flat, Pence's, Martinez ; Martinez Group, Martinez ; Tejon
Group, Martinez, Clayton, Cochrane's, Tejon, and San Diego.

MEGISTOSTOMA, Gabb. M. STRIATUM, Gabb.

Megistostoma sfriaium, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 144, pi. 21, fig. 108 a.
Tejon Group, Martinez.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 233

ACEPHALA.
MARTESIA, Leach. M. CLAUSA, Gabb.

Martesia clausa, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 145, pi. 22, fig. 115.

Chico Group, Pence's, Texas Fiat, Tuscan Springs; Martinez Group, Mar.
tinez ; Tejon Gioup, Martinez, Tejon, and ten miles west of Griswold's.

TURNUS, Gabb. T. PLENUS, Gabb.

Turnus plenus, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 146, pi. 22, tig. 116.

Shasta Group, Cotton wood Creek; (? Chico Group, Pacheco's Pass).

SOLEN, Linn. S. PARALLELUS, Gabb.

Solcn parallelus, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 146, pi. 22, fig. 117.
Plectosolen paralldus, Con. ; Sm. Check List, 1*1 o. 241.
Tejon Group, Martinez, Marsh's and Tejon.

S. (HYPOGELLA) CUNEATUS, Gabb.

S. (Hypogella) cuneatus, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 175, pi. 29, fig. 61.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

S. (HYPOGELLA) DIEGOENSIS, Gabb.

S. (Solena) Diegoensis, Gubb ; Vol. 1, p. 213, pi. 32, fig. 280.
Plectosolen Diegoensis, Con. ; Sm. Check List, No. 240.
S. (Hypogella) Diegoensis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 176.
Tejon Group, San Diego.

PHARELLA, Gray. P. ALTA, Gabb.

Pkarella atta, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 147, pi. 22, fig. 118.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

SILIQITA, Muhlf. S. OREGONENSIS, Gabb.

Siliqua Oregoncnsis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 147, pi. 29, fig. 237.
Chico Group, Siskiyou Mountains.

CORBULA, Brug. ? C. PRIMORSA, Gabb.

? C.primorsa, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 148, pi. 22, fig. 120.
Tejon Group, Corral Hollow.

PAL. VOL. II. — 31

234 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

C. TRASKII, Gabb.

Corbula Traskii,, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 149, pi. 22, fig. 121 a.
Chico Group, Texas Flat, Tuscan Springs, and Pence's Kanch.

C. CULTRIFORMIS, Gabb.

Corbula cultriformis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 149, pi. 22, fig. 122.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

C. HORNII, Gabb

Corbula Hornii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 149, pi. 29, fig. 238.
Corbula Hornii, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 176, pi. 29, fig. G2, a, b.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

C. PARILIS, Gabb.

Corbula paritis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 150, pi. 29, fig. 239 a.

Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Cochrane's, Marsh's, Griswold's, and San
Diego.

C. AL^EFORMis, Gabb.

Corbula alccformis, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 177, pi. 29, fig. 63.

Beds intermediate between the Martinez and Tejon Groups, Lower Lake,
Lake Count.

ANATINA, Lam. A. TRYONIANA, Gabb.

Anatina Tryoniana, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 150, pi. 29, fig. 240.
Chico Group, Martinez.

A. INEQUILATERALIS, Gabb.

Anatina inequilateralis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 151, pi. 29, fig. 241
Chico Group, Siskiyou Mountains.

? A. LATA, Gabb.

? Anatina lata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 151, pi. 22, fig. 126.
Chico Group, Pence's.

A. QUADRATA, Gabb.

Anatina quadrata, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 177, pi. 29, fig. 64.
Chico Group, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 235

THRACIA, Leach. ? T. OCCIDENTALS, Meek.

? Thracia occidentalis, Meek; Trans, Alb. Inst., Vol. 4, p. 43.
Chico Group, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island.

? T. SUBTRUNCATA, Meek.

f Thracia subtruncata, Meek ; loc. cit., p. 44.
With the preceding.

PHOLADOMYA, Sowb. P. SUBELONGATA, Meek.

Pholadomya subelongata, Meek ; Tr. Alb. Inst., Vol 4, p. 42.
Chico Group, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island.

P. BREWERII, Gabb.

Pholadomya Brewerii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 152, pi. 22, fig. 123.
Chico Group, Pence's Kanch.

P. NASUTA, Gabb.

Pholadomya nasuta, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 152, pi. 30, fig. 124.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

P. OREGONENSIS, Gabb.

Pholadomya Oregonensis, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 178, pi. 29, fig. 65.
Chico Group, Siskiyou Mountains.

GONIOMYA, Agas. G. BOREALIS, Meek.

Pholadomya (Ganiomya) borealis, Meek ; Tr. Alb. Inst., Vol. 4, p. 41.
Chico Group, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island.

PLEUROMYA, Agas. P. PAPYRACEA, Gabb.

Pleuromya papyracea, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 178, pi. 29, fig. 66.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

ARCOMYA, Agas. A. UNDULATA, Gabb.

Arcomya undulata, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 179, pi. 29, fig. 67.
Chico or Shasta Group, Indian Creek, Butte County.

236 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

HOMOMYA, Agas. H. CONCENTRICA, Gabb.

Panopcea concentrica, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 148, pi. 22, fig. 119.

Homomya concentrica, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 179.

Chico Group, Tuscan Springs, Cotton wood Creek, and Martinez.

NEJERA, Gray. N. DOLABRJEFORMIS, Gabb.

Necera dolabrceformis, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 153, pi. 22, fig. 125.
Tejon Group, Martinez.

MACTRA, Linn. ? M. TENUISSIMA, Gabb. . *

? Mactra tenuissima, Gabb; Vol.^p. 179, pi. 29, fig. 68.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

\

M, GIBBSANA, Meek.

Mactra Gibbsana, Meek; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 315.
Cret.?, Island in Gulf of Georgia.

CYMBOPHORA, Gabb. C. ASHBURNERII, Gabb.

Mactra Ashburnerii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 153, pi. 22, fig. 127.

Cymbophora Ashburnerii, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 181, pi. 29, fig. 69.

Cbico Group, Pence's, Chico Creek, Texas Flat, Martinez, Tuscan Springs,
Orestimba, Benicia, ahd San Luis Gonzaga ; Martinez Group, Martinez
and Benicia; Tejon Group, Martinez, Marsh's, Clayton, Griswold's, and
Tejon.

LTTTRARIA, Lam. L. TRUNCATA, Gabb.

Lutraria truncata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 154, pi. 22, fig. 128.
Chico Group, Pence's and Chico Creek.

ASAPHIS, Modeer. A. UNDULATA, Gabb.

Asaphis undulata, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 154, pi. 22, fig. 129.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

A. MULTICOSTATA, Gabb.

Asaphis multicostata, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 181, pi. 29, fig. 70.
Chico Group, Crooked River of Des Chutes, Eastern Oregon.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 237

GARI, Schura. G. TEXTA, Gabb.

9 Gari tcxta, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 155, pi. 22, fig. 130.
Tejon Group, Martinez.

TELLINA, Linn. T. LONGA, Gabb.

Tellina longa, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p 155, pi. 22, fig. 181.
Tejon Group, Martinez, Marsh's, Clayton, Tejon.

T. KEMONDII, Gabb.

Tellina fUmondii) Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 156, pi. 22, fig. 132.

Id., Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 182, pi. 29, fig. 71.

Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Cochrane's, Tejon.

T. HOFFMANNIANA, Gabb.

Tellina Hoffmanniana, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 156, pi. 22, fig. 133 a.
Tellina Hoffmanniana, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 182, pi. 30, fig. 72.
Chico Group, Pence's ; Martinez Group, Martinez ; Tejon Group, Griswold's,
and Martinez.

T. MONILIFERA, Gabb.

Tellina monilifera, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 157, pi. 22, fig. 134 a.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

T. OOIDES, Gabb.

Tellina ooides, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 157, pi. 22, fig. 135 a.
Chico Group, Martinez, Pence's.

T. MATHEWSONII, Gabb.

Tellina Mathewsonii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 158, pi. 23, fig. 136.
Chico Group, Martinez.

T. DECURTATA, Gabb.

Tellina decurtata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 158, pi. 23, fig. 137.
Chico Group, Pence's.

? T. QUADRATA, Gabb.

? Tellina quadrata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 159, pi. 23, fig. 138.
Chico Group, Tuscan Springs.

238 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

T. ASHBURNEBII, Gabb.

Tellina Ashburnerii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 159, pi. 23, fig. 139.
Chico Group, Pence's.

T. PARILIS, Gabb.

Tellina parilis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 160, pi. 30, fig. 243.
Chico Group, Martinez.

T. HORNII, Gabb.

Tellina Hornii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 100, pi. 30, fig. 244
Tejon Group, Tejon, Clayton.

T. CALIFORNICA, Gabb.

Tellina Californica, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 161, pi. 30, fig. 245.
Tejon Group, Marsh's, Tejon.

T. ^EQUALIS, Gabb.

Tellina cequalis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 182, pi. 29, fig. 73.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

? T. UNDULIFERA, Gabb.

? Tellina undulifera, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 183, pi. 30, fig. 74.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

T. (? SANGUINOLARIA) WHITNEYI, Gabb.

Tellina (? Sanguinolaria) Whitneyi, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 160, pi. 30, fig. 242.
Chico Group, Jacksonville, Oregon.

DONAX, Linn. D. LATUS, Gabb.

Donax latus, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 183, pi. 30, fig. 75.
Tejon Group, ten miles west of Griswold's.

VENUS, Linn. Y. VEATCHII, Gabb.

Venus Veatchii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 162, pi. 23, fig. 142.
Chico Group, Tuscan Springs.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 239

Y. LENTICULARIS, Gabb.

Venus lenticularis, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 162, pi. 30, fig. 246.
Chico Group, Benicia.

V. TETRAHEDRA, Gabb.

Venus tetrahedra, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 163, pi. 30, fig. 247.
Chico Group, Martinez.

V. ^EQUILATERALIS, Gabb.

Venus cequilateralis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 184, pi. 30, fig. 76.
Tejon Group, San Diego.

CHIONE, Miihlf. ? C. ANGULATA, Gabb.

? Chione angulata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 213, pi. 32, fig. 281.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

C. VARIANS, Gabb.

Venus (Mercenaria ?) varians, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 161, pi. 23, fig. 140, 141.

Dione varians, Con. ; Sra. Check List, No. 188.

Chico Group, Jacksonville, Siskiyou Mountains, Pence's, Tuscan Springs,
Cow Creek, Chico Creek, Folsom, Texas Flat, Benicia, Martinez, Curry's,
and Orestimba ; Martinez Group, Martinez, and Benicia.

MERETRIX. Lam. M. UVASANA, Con.

Meretrix Uvasana, Con. ; P. K. E. Kep., Vol. 5, p. 320, pi. 2, fig. 3.
Id., Gabb ; Pal. Cal., Vol. 1, p. 163, pi. 30, fig. 248.
Dione Uvasana, Con. ; Sm. Check List, No. 187.

Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Cochraue's, Tejon, New Idria, Griswold's,
San Diego, and elsewhere.

M. LENS, Gabb.

Meretrix lens, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 164, pi. 23, fig. 143.
Chico Group, Chico Creak.

$£. HORNII, Gabb.

Meretrix Hornii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 164, pi. 23, fig. 144.
Id., Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 185, pi. 30, fig. 78.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

240 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

M. LONGA, Gabb.

Meretrix longa, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 165, pi. 23, fig. 147.
Chico Group, Texas Flat. (?)

M. ARATA, Gabb.

Meretrix arata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 166, pi. 30, fig. 250.

Chico Group, Orestimba, Siskiyou Mountains, and Cottonwood Creek, Shasta
County.

M. OVALIS, Gabb.

Meretrix ovalis, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 166, pi. 30, fig. 251.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

M. CALIFORNICA, Con.

Mereirix California, Con. ; P. K. R. Kep., Vol. 5, p. 320, pi. 2, fig. 4.
Dione Cali/orniana, Con. ; Sm. Check List, No. 174.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

? M. FRAGILIS, Gabb.

t Meretrix fraailis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 185, pi. 30, fig. 77.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

CABTATIS, Roem. C. NITIDA, Gabb.

Meretrix nitida, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 165, pi. 23, fig. 145, 146.

Caryatis nitida, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 186, pi. 30, fig. 79.

Chico Group, Martinez, Orestimba, Chico and Cow Creeks.

DOSINIA, Scopoli. D. ELEVATA, Gabb.

Dosinia elevata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 167, pi. 30, fig. 252.

D. alto., Con. ; (non Dkr.) P. K. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 320, pi. 2, fig. 2.

Dosiniopsis alia, Con. ; Sm. Check List, No. 162.

Not Dosinia alia, Con. ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1856, p. 315.

Tejon Group, Tejon.

? D. TENUIS, Meek.

f Dosinia tenuis, Meek; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 316.
Chico Group, Vancouver Island.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 241

D. PERTENUIS, Gabb.

Dosinia pertenuis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 167, pi. 30, fig. 253.
Chico Group, Siskiyou Mountains.

D. GYRATA, Gabb.

13

Dosinia gyrata, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 168, pi. =8% fig. 148.

Lucina gyrata, Con. ; Sm. Check List, No. 139.

Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Marsh's, Griswold's, Tejon, and San Diego.

D. IN PL AT A, Gabb.

Dosinia infaia, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 168, pi. 23, fig. 149.
Chico Group, Chico Creek.

TAPES, Megerle. T. CONRADIANA, Gabb.

Tapes Conradiana, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 169, pi. 32, fig. 282.
Dione Conradiana, Con. ; Sm. Check List, No. 173

Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Tejon, Griswold's ; transition beds between
the Tejon and Martinez Group, Lower Lake, Lake County.

? T. QUADRATA, Gabb.

f Tapes quadrata, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 169, pi. 30, fig. 249.
Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Tejon.

? T. CRETACEA, Gabb.

.* Tapes cretacea, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 214, pi. 32, fig. 283.
Tejon Group, Corral Hollow.

THETIS, Sby. ? T. ELONGATA, Gabb.

? Thetis elongata, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 186, pi. 30, fig. 80.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

TRAPEZIUM, Miihlf. T. CARINATUM, Gabb.

T. carinatum, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 170, pi. 23, fig. 160.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

PAL. VOL. II. — 32.

242 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

DIODTTS, Gabb. D. TENTHS, Gabb.

* Cyprinella tennis, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 170, pi. 23, fig. 151.
Tejon Group, Corral Hollow.

X

CARDIUM, Linn. C. KEMONDIANTJM, Gabb.

Cardium R&mondianum, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 172, pi. 23, fig. 153.
Chico Group, Benicia, and "Wright's Gulch, Shasta County.

C. COOPERII, Gabb.

Cardium Cooperii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 172, pi. 24, fig. 154 a.
Tejon Group, Martinez, Tejon, and San Diego.

C. SCITULUM, Meek.

C. scitulum, Meek; Trans. Alb. Inst., Vol. 4, p. 40.
Chico Group, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island.

C. BREWERII, Gabb.

Cardium Brewerii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 173, pi. 24, fig. 155.
Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Griswold's. and Tejon.

C. (L.EVICARDIUM) LINTEUM, Con.

Cardium linteum, Con. ; Pacific R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 320, pi. 2, fig. 1.
Lcevicardium linteum, Con. ; Sm. Check List, No. 152.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

C. (L^VICARDIUM) ANNULATUM, Gabb.

Cardium (Lcevicardium) annulatum, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 171, pi. 23, fig. 152.
Id., Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 187, pi. 30, fig. 81.
Chico Group, Martinez, Curry's, Orestimba.

C. (PROTOCARDIUM) PLACERENSIS, Gabb.

Cardium (Protocardium) Placercnsis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 173, pi. 24, fig. 156.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

* Cyprinella being preoccupied in ichthyology, I propose to substitute the present
name for the genus.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 243

C. (PnOTOCARDIUM) TRANSLUCIDUM, Gabb.

Cardium (Protocardium) translucidum, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 187, pi. 30, fig. 82 a.
Chico Group, Martinez.

CARDITA, Brug. C. HORNII, Gabb.

C. planicosta, Con. (not Lain.); P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 321, pi. 2, fig. 6.

Cardita Hornii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 174, pi. 24, fig. 157.

C. Hornii, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 187, pi. 30, fig. 83 a.

Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Griswold's, New Idria, and Tejon.

C. VENERIFORMIS, Gabb.

Cardita veneriformis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 215, pi. 32, fig. 285 a.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

CLISOCOLUS, Gabb. C. DUBIUS, Gabb.

Loripes dubia, Gabb; Vol. I, p. 177, pi. 24, fig. 170, 171.
Clisocolus dubius, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 189, pi. 30, fig. 84.
Chico Group, Texas Flat, Chico Creek, and Tuscan Springs.

LUCINA, Brug. L. NASUTA, Gabb.

Lucina nasuta, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 175, pi. 24, fig. 159.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

L. POSTICE-RADIATA, Gabb.

Lucina postradiata, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 175, pi. 54, fig. 158.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

L. SUBCIRCULARIS, Gabb.

Lucina subcircularis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 176, pi. 24, fig. 160.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

L. CUMULATA, Gabb.

Lucina cumulata, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 176, pi. 24, fig. 254.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

? L. CRETACEA, Gabb.

? Lucina cretacea, Gabb, Vol. 1, p. 177, pi. 30, fig. 256.
Tejon Group, Clayton to Marsh's.

244 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

MYSIA, Leach. ? M. POLITA, Gabb.

? Mysia polita, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 178, pi. 30, fig. 256.
Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, New Idria, and Tejon.

ASTARTE, Sowb. A. CONRADIANA, Gabb.

Astarte Conradiana, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 178, pi. 24, fig. 161.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

A. MATHEWSONII, Gabb.

Astarte Mathewsonii, Gabb 5 Vol. 1, p. 179, pi. 30, fig. 258.
Chico Group, Martinez.

A. TUSCANA, Gabb.

Astarte Tuscana, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 179, pi. 30, fig. 257.
Chico Group, Tuscan Springs, Pence's.

ERIPHYLA, Gabb. E. UMBONATA, Gabb.

Eriphyla umbonata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 18, pi. 24, fig. 162 a.
Chico Group, Cow Creek, and south of Mount Diablo.

CRASSATELLA, Lam. C. GRANDIS, Gabb.

Crassatella alta, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 321.

C. alta, Con. ; Smithsonian Check List, Eocene, No. 104.

Not C. alta, Con. ; Tert. Foss., p. 21 j fig. 7.

C. grandis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 181, pi. 24, fig. 163.

C. grandis, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 189,

Tejon Group, Clayton, Tejon. Intermediate beds, Lower Lake.

C. COMPACTA, Gabb.

Crassatella compacta, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 190, pi. 30, fig. 85.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

C. UVASANA, Con.

Crassatella Uvasana, Con. ; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p. 320, pi. 2, fig. 5.
Crassatella Uvasana, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 214, pi. 32, fig. 284.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 245

ANTHONYA, Gabb. A. CULTRIFORMIS, Gabb.

Anthonya cultriformis, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 182, pi. 30, fig. 236 a.
Chico Group, Martinez.

UNIO, Eetz., Auct. U. PENULTIMUS, Gabb.

Unto penultimus, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 182, pi. 24, fig. 164.
Tejon Group, Coal Mines, Clayton.

U. HUBBARDII, Gabb

Unio Hubbardii, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 190, pi. 30, fig. 86.
Chico Group, Coal Mines, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island.

JffYTILUS, Linn. M. PAUPERCULUS, Gabb.

Mytilus pauper culus, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 183, pi. 25, fig. 165.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

M. ASCIA, Gabb.

Mytilus ascia, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 183, pi. 30, fig. 259.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

M. HUMERUS, Con.

Mytilus humerus, Con.; P. R. R. Rep., Vol. 5, p 321, pi. 2, fig. 10.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

M. QUADRATUS, Gabb.

Mytilus quadratus, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 191, pi. 31, fig. 87.
Inoceramua Piochii, Gabb (pars) ; Vol. 1, pi. 25, fig. 174.
Chico Group, Martinez, and Tuscan Springs

MODIOLA, Lam. M. SISKIYOUENSIS, Gabb.

Modiola Siskiyouensis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 184, pi. 30, fig. 260.
Chico Group, Siskiyou Mountains, and Jacksonville.

M. ORNATA, Gabb.

Modiola ornata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 184, pi. 24, fig. 166.

Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Cochrane's, Marsh's, Griswold's, New Idria,
and Tejon.

246 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

M. CYLINDRICA, Gabb.

Modiola cylindrica, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 185, pi. 25, fig. 167.
Chico Group, Pence's, Tuscan Springs, Martinez.

M. MAJOR, Gabb.

Modiola major, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 191, pi. 31, fig. 88.
Shasta Group, Lake and Colusa Counties.

LITHOPHAGUS, Miihlf. L. OVIFORMIS, Gabb.

lAthophagus oviformis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 185, pi. 25, fig. 168.
Chico Group, Cow Creek.

SEFTIFER, Eecluz. S. DICHOTOMUS, Gabb.

Septifer dichotomies, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 186, pi. 30, fig. 261.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

STALAGMITJM, Con. S. CONCENTRICUM, Gabb, sp.

Crenella concentrica, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 186, pi. 24, fig. 169.
Stalagmium concentricum, Con. ; Sm. Check List, No. 96.
Tejon Group, Martinez.

AVICTJLA, Lum. A. PELLTJCIDA, Gabb.

Avicula pellucida, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 186, pi. 25, fig. 172

Tejon Group, Martinez, Griswold's, Tejon; transition beds, Lower Lake;

Martinez Group, Martinez; Chico Group, Siskiyou Mountains, San Luis,

Gonzaga.

MELEAGRINA, Lam. M. ANTIQUA, Gabb.

Meleagrina antiqua, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 192, pi. 31, fig.
Chico Group, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island.

INOCERAMUS, Sowb. I. ELLIOTII, Gabb.

Inoceramus Elliotii, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 193, pi. 31, fig. 90 a.
Chico (?) Group, Alcatraz Island.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 247

I. WHITNEYI, Gabb.

>v
Jnoceramus Whitneyi, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 193, pi. 31, fig. 91.

Chico Group, Folsom.

I. SUBUNDATUS, Meek.

Inoceramus subundatus, Meek; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 316.
Chico Group, Vancouver Island.

AUCELLA, Keys. A. PIOCHII, Gabb.

Inoceramus Piochii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 187, pi. 25, fig. 173 (exclus. fig. 174).

Aucella Piochii, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 194, pi. 81, fig. 92, a-c.

Shasta Group, Mitchell Canon, north side of Mount Diablo; Knoxville, Puta
Creek, and elsewhere in Lake County; near the Simmons' Springs, and'
elsewhere, Colusa County, and at numerous other spots along the eastern
face of the northern Coast Range ; also southwest of San Jose, below the
Almaden mines ; and from Washington Territory.

PINNA, Linn. P. BREWERII, Gabb.

Pinna Srewerii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 188, pi. 25, fig. 175 a.
Id., Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 195, pi. 32, fig. 93.

Chico Group, Curry's, south of Mount Diablo, Martinez, Cottonwood Creek,
Shasta County, and Cottonwood Creek, Siskiyou County.

TRIGONIA, Brug. T. TRYONIANA, Gabb.

Trigonia Tryoniana, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 188, pi. 25, fig. 176.
Cbico Group, Tuscan Springs.

T. EvANSANA,Meek.

Trigonia Evansana, Meek; Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 4, p. 42.

T. Evansii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 189, pi. 25, fig. 177.

One of the most characteristic fossils on the West Coast, peculiar to the Chico
Group, and found in California, at Pacheco's Pass, south of Mount Diablo,
Orestimba, Martinez, Benicia, Tuscan Springs, Chico Creek, Pence's, Cot
tonwood Creek, Shasta County, Cottonwood Creek, Siskiyou County, Texas
Flat, and Rag CaBon ; in Oregon, at Jacksonville, on the Siskiyou Moun
tains, and on the Crooked River of the Des Chutes ; and finally, on Van
couver Island, at Nanaimo, whence it was described by Mr. Meek.

248 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

T. GIBBONIANA, Lea.

Trigonia Gibboniana, Lea ; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1840, p. 255, pi. 9, fig. 7.

T. Hondaana, Lea; loc. cit., p. 256, pi. 9, fig. 9.

T. Hondaana, d'Orb. ; Prod. Pal. Strat., Vol. 2, p. 106, No. 771.

T. Gibboniana, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 190, pi. 17, fig. 178; pi. 31, fig. 262.

Chico Group, Martinez, Jacksonville, and Crooked Creek of the Des Chutes.

T. JEQUICOSTATA, Gabb.

Trigonia cequicostata, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 196.
Indet., Vol. 1, p. 209, pi. 26, fig. 198.

Chico Group, Orestiraba, south of Mount Diablo, Martinez, Cottonwood
Creek, Shasta County, and Jacksonville, Oregon.

MEEKIA, Gabb. M. BELLA, Gabb.

Meekia sella, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 191, pi. 25, fig. 179.

Martinez Group, Martinez ; Chico Group, Tuscan Springs, and Siskiyou
Mountains.

M. RADIATA, Gabb.

Meekia radiata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 192, pi. 25, fig. 179 a.

Chico Group, Pacheco's Pass, Orestimba, Tuscan Springs, Siskiyou Mountains,
and Jacksonville, Oregon.

M. NAVIS, Gabb.

Meekia navis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 192, pi. 25, fig. 180.
Chico Group, Martinez, Chico Creek, and Pence's.

ARCA, Lam. A. BREWERIANA, Gabb.

Area Breweriana, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 193, pi. 25, fig. 181.
Chico Group, Cottonwood Creek, Tuscan Springs.

A. GRAVIDA, Gabb.

Area gravida, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 194, pi. 30, fig. 264.

Chico Group, Pacheco's Pass, and Rag Canon, Napa County.

A. DECURTATA, Gabb.

Area decurtata, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 195, pi. 31, fig. 265 a.
Chico Group, Rag Canon.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 249

A. HORNII, Gabb.

Area Hornii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 194, pi. 30, fig. 263.
Tejon Group, Tejon.

A. VANCOTJVERENSIS, Meek.

Area Vancouveren&is, Me«k ; Trans. Alb. Inst., Vol. 4, p. 40.
Chico Group, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island.

BARB ATI A, Gray. B. MORSEI, Gabb.

Barbatia Morsel, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 216, pi. 32, fig. 286.
Tejon Group, San Diego.

CUCTJLUEA, Lara. C. MATHEWSONII, Gabb.

Cuculkza Matkewsonii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 195, pi. 31, fig. 266.
Intermediate beds between the Tejon and Martinez Groups, Clayton, and
Lower Lake ; Martinez Group, Martinez.

C. TRUNCATA, Gabb.

Cucullcea truncata, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 196, pi. 25, fig. 182.

Chico Group, Pacheco's Pass, Orestimba, south of Mount Diablo, Martinez,
Benicia, Texas Flat, Tuscan Springs, and Jacksonville, Oregon.

0. EQTJILATERALIS, Meek.

Area (Cucullcea) equilateralis, Meek ; Trans. Alb, Inst., Vol. 4, p. 39.
Chico Group, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island.

AXIN.EA, Poll. A. YEATCHII, Gabb.

Axincea Veatchii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 197, pi. 25, fig. 183 a.

Beds intermediate between the Tejon and Martinez Groups, Lower Lake;

Martinez Group, Martinez ; Chico Group, Tuscan Springs, Texas Flat,

Pence's, Cow Creek, Orestimba, and San Diego.

A. SAGITTATA, Gabb.

Axincea (Limojisis?) sagittate, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 197, pi. 31, fig. 267 a.
Axincea sagittata, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 196.
Tejon Group, Tejon, Griswold's, and Martinez.
PAL. VOL. ir. — 33

250 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA

A. COR, Gabb.

Axincea cor, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 198, pi. 31, fig. 268 a.
Tejon Group, Martinez.

NUCULA, Lam. N. TRASKANA, Meek.

Nucula Traskana, Meek; Trans. Alb. Inst., Vol. 4, p. 39.
Chico Group, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island.

N. so LIT ARIA Gabb.

Nucula solitaria, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 197, pi. 32, fig. 94.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

N. (AciLA) TRUNCATA, Gabb.

Nucula truncata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 198, pi. 26, fig. 184, a, b.
N. (Acila) truncaia, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 197.

Chico Group, Pence's, Tuscan Springs, Chico Creek, Texas Flat, Pacheco's
Pass ; Martinez Group, Martinez ; Tejon Group, Martinez, and Tejon.

LEDA, Schum. L. GABBII, Con., sp.

Leda protexia ?, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 199, pi. 26, fig. 185.

Not L. protexta, Gabb ; Jour. Phil. Acad., 2 Ser., Vol. 4, p. 303, pi. 48, fig. 23.
Nuculana Gabbii, Con. ; Smithsonian Check List, No. 44.
Martinez Group, Martinez; Tejon Group, Martinez, Clayton, Griswold's,
Tejon, and San Emidio.

L. TRANSLUCIDA, Gabb.

Leda translucida, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 199, pi. 30, fig. 269.
Chico Group, Cow Creek.

LIMOPSIS, Sassi. L. TRANSVERSA, Gabb.

Limopsis transversa, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 200, pi. 26, fig. 186.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

PECTEN, Brug. P. TRASKII, Gabb.

Pecten Traskii, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 200, pi. 26, fig. 187 a.

Id., Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 198, pi. 32, fig. 95.

Chico Group, Texas Flat, and Nanaimo, Vancouver Island.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 251

P. OPERCULIPORMIS, Gabb.

Pecten operculiformis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 201, pi. 26, fig. 188.

Chico Group, Cottonwood and Huling Creeks, and south of Mount Diablo.

P. CALIFORNICUS, Gabb.

Pecten Californicus, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 201, pi. 31, fig. 270.
Chico or Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek, Shasta County.

P. MARTINEZENSIS, Gabb.

Pecten Martinezensis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 198, pi. 33, fig. 96.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

P. COMPLEXICOSTA, Gabb.

Pecten complexicosta, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 199, pi. 33, fig. 97 a,
Shasta Group, Morgan Valley, Lake County.

P. INTERRADIATUS, Gabb.

Pecten inter radiatus, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 199, pi. 33, fig. 98 «.
Tejon Group, New Idria.

NEITHEA, Drouet. N. GRANDIOOSTA, Gabb.

Neithea grandir.osta, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 200, pi. 33, fig. 99 a.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

LIMA, Brug. L. MICROTIS, Gabb.

Lima microtis, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 202, pi. 26, fig. 189.
Chico Group, Cottonwood Creek (and Texas Flat ?).

L. APPRESSA, Gabb.

Lima appressa, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 203, pi. 31, fig. 271.
Chico Group, Pacheco's Pass.

L. SHASTAENSIS, Gabb.

Lima Shastaensis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 201, pi. 33, fig. 100.
Shasta Group, Cottonwood Creek.

252 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

L. MULTIRADIATA, Gabb.

Lima multiradiata, Gabb; Vol. 2, p. 201, pi. 33, fig. 101.

Transition beds between Tejon and Martinez Group, Lower Lake, Lake
County.

PLICATULA, Lam. P. VARIATA, Gabb.

Flicaiula variata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 203, pi. 26, fig. 190.
Shasta Group, Battle Creek, Shasta County.

ANOMIA, Linn. A. LINEATA, Gabb.

Anomia lineata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 203, pi. 26, fig. 193.
Chico Group, Texas Flat, Pence's, Chico Creek.

A. YANCOUVERENSIS, Gabb.

Anomia Vancouver ensis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 202, pi. 33, fig. 102.
Chico Group, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island.

PLACUNANOMiA, Brod. P. INORNATA, Gabb.

Placunanomia inornata, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 217, pi. 32, fig. 288 a.
Tejon Group, Corral Hollow, and San Diego.

OSTREA, Linn. U. BREWERII, Gabb.

Ostrea Brewerii, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 204, pi. 26, fig. 191.
Chico Group, Cow Creek.

O. MALLEIFORMIS, Gabb.

Ostrea malleiformis, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 204, pi. 31, fig. 272.

Chico Group, Cottonwood Creek, Siskiyou County, and Jacksonville, Oregon.

O. IDRIAENSIS, Gabb.

Ostrea Idriaensis, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 203, pi. 33, fig. 103, J, c ; pi. 34, fig. 103 a.
Tejon Group, New Idria.

O. APPRESSA, Gabb.

Ostrea appressa, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 203, pi. 34, fig. 104 a.
Tejon Group, Mendocino County.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 253

GRYPILffiA, Lam. G. VESICULARIS, Lam., sp.

Ostrea vesicularis, Lam. ; An. de Mus., Vol. 8, p. 160, pi. 22, fig. 3.
Gryphcea vesicularis, Bronn ; Leth. Geog., pi. 32, fig. 1.
Chico (?) Group, San Diego.

EXOGYRA, Say. E. PARASITICA, Gabb.

Exogyra parasitica, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 205, pi. 26, fig. 192, a, b ; pi. 31, fig. 273 a.
Chico Group, Texas Flat, Folsom, Cottonwood Creek.

BRACHIOPODA.

TEREBRATELLA, d'Orb. T. OBESA, Gabb.

Terebratella obesa, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 205, pi. 26, fig. 194.
Chico Group, Texas Flat.

RHYNCHONELLA, Fisch. E. WHITNEYI, Gabb.

Terebratella Whitneyi, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 35, pi. 12, fig. 62 a.
Rhynchonella Whitneyi, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 204, pi. 34, fig. 135, a, 6.
Shasta Group, Lake and Colusa Counties.

ZOOPHYTA.

FLABELLTJM, Lesson. F. KEMONDIANUM, Gabb.

Flabellum R6mondianum, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 207, pi. 26, fig. 199.
Tejon Group, Clayton.

SMILOTROCHUS, E. & H. ? S. CURTUS, Gabb.

Smilotrochus curtus, Gabb ; Vol. 2, p. 205, pi. 34, fig. 106 a.
Martinez or Chico Group, Martinez.

TROCHOSMILIA, E. & H. T. (ACROSMILIA) STRIATA, Gabb.

T. (A.) striata, Gabb; Vol. 1, p. 207, pi. 26, fig. 195.
Tejon Group, Clayton,

254 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

T. (ELLIPSOSMILIA) QRANULIFERA, Gabb.

T. (E.) granulijera, Gabb ; Vol. 1, p. 208, pi. 26, fig. 196 a.
Chico Group, Chico Creek.

ASTROCGENIA, E. & H. ? A. PETROSA, Gabb.

? Astroccenia petrosa, Gabb j Vol. 1, p. 208, pi. 81, fig. 274 a.
Martinez Group, Martinez.

PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

VOL. II.

SECTION III.

DESCRIPTION OF CRETACEOUS FOSSILS

FKOM MEXICO.

(255)

NOTES ON SOME

MEXICAN CRETACEOUS FOSSILS,

WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

THE following fossils were collected by my lamented friend,
REMOND, several years ago, in the Sierra de las Conchas, near
Arivechi, Sonora. When they were first received, I published
a short notice of them, in the Proceedings of the California
Academy of Natural Sciences, accompanied by some extracts
from M. REMOND'S letter, and mentioned the close relationship
that obviously exists between this deposit and the Cretaceous of
Texas ; at the same time giving a list of the species identified,
in hastily glancing over the collection. Although sufficiently
accurate for the purpose, the list contained one or two errors in
identification of species, due to the imperfect character of some
of the specimens, in the first instalment received. In the present
paper I have endeavored to correct the errors, and believe that I
have correctly determined all the previously known species.

The occurrence of the Texan Cretaceous fauna on the western
face of the Sierra Madre, is a matter of great interest, since it
proves conclusively that during that era there must have been a
water communication between the great Cretaceous sea, that
covered so much of what is now the central portions of our con
tinent, on the one side, and the Pacific on the other. It is the
more remarkable when taken in connection with the fact, that of
the more than three hundred species now known in the Califor-
nian Cretaceous, barely one per cent, is found in common on the
two sides of the continent. From the occurrence in California
of Grypheea vesicularis and Turritella seriatim-granulata, determined

PAL. VOL. II.— 34 ( 257 )

258 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

with certainty, and of Nautilus Texanus and Volutilithes Navar-
roensis, yet open to a donbt, it seems that there was not a continu
ous land barrier between the two basins. Three out of the four
species enumerated, are from the Texan fauna, and are not known
so far north as Nebraska, though beds of equivalent age are found
in that Territory. It is very probable that future explorations
in the yet unknown region between the Saskatchewan and the
Pacific, north of our boundaries, will develop a more or less con
tinuous series of Cretaceous deposits, showing a similar link on
the north. The presence of Ammonites complexus on Vancouver
Island, and in California, and the known existence of Cretaceous
beds in Eastern Oregon, and northwest of the great lakes, render
this hypothesis not improbable.

I need sa}7 but little about the age of this deposit. Dr. ROEMER,
in his admirable work, "Kreidebildungen von Texas," has dis
cussed the subject in so able a manner as to leave me nothing to
add. He considers it to be on, or near, the horizon of the Lower
Chalk; an opinion in which I fully concur.

So far as I am aware, this is only the second locality of Cre
taceous rocks reported in the whole area of Mexico. In 1839,
GALEOTTI published a paper in the Bulletin of the Brussels
Academy, on some Jurassic fossils from Tehuacan, in the state of
Puebla, some of which, at least, seem to belong to the Cretaceous,
rather than to the Jurassic formation.

AMMONITES, Brug.
A. PEDERNALIS, Yon Buch.

PI. 35, Fig. 1, 1 a.

(A. Pedernahs, Von Buch; Ueber Cerat., p. 81, pi. 6, fig. 8-10.)

(Id., Koem ; Kreid. Tex., p. 34, pi. 1, fig. 3, a-c.)

(Id., Con. ; Emory's Keport, pi. 15, fig. 1.)

(Id., Gabb ; Synop. Cret., Philos. Proc. ; 1861, p. 14.)

(A. pleurisepta, Con.; Emory's Report, p. 159, Pedernalis on plate.)

A peculiar variety of thip species, differing both from the figures in Kreid.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 259

Texas, and that by Conrad in the Mexican Boundary Keport, in having the dorsura
distinctly channelled or flattened, and bordered by two angles, and in having the
sides variously undulate or even subcostatc. I have seen the flattened dorsum in
Texan specimens ; and the undulations of the sides, on the specimens before me,
show by their variability that this is a character of no specific value. The septum
is identical with the published figures.

FUSUS, Lam.
F. MEXICANUS, n. s.

PI. 35, Fig. 2.

SHELL small, elongate fusiform ; spire high, whorls five or six,
angulated, top sloping; suture undulated. Surface ornamented
by about ten large radiating ribs, crossed by numerous prominent
revolving lines with broad interspaces; the longitudinal ribs com
mence at the suture and, on the body whorl, disappear about the
middle. Aperture broad and biangular posteriorly, narrowed in
advance; outer lip simple, inner lip incrusted; canal produced.

Length (both ends broken), .75 inch.

A peculiar.species, having no near allies either in California or Texas.

LUNATIA, Lam.
L. PEDERNALIS, Roem., sp.

PI. 85, Fig. 3.
(Natica Pedernalis, Roem. ; Kreid. Tex., p. 43, pi. 4, fig. 1.)

Dr. Roemer seems to have been acquainted with this species only through in
ternal casts, one of which he figures as above. I am fortunate in having had
the opportunity of examining some half a dozen specimens retaining all the shell.
The species is very thin, and nearly all have suffered more or less distortion. The
specific characters are as follows.

SHELL large, ovate, thin ; spire moderately produced ; whorls
five and a half, rounded; suture distinct. Aperture elongate
ovate, acute behind, rounded in advance ; outer lip simple, inner

260 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

lip broadly incrusted above, thickened in front of, and below the
umbilicus. Umbilicus subperforate, a thin striate incrustation
running up into it, and extending below, parallel with the anterior
portion of the labium. Surface marked by faint lines of growth.

This is by far the largest Naticoid in the American Cretaceous, and, apart from
its size, can be distinguished from all the other species by its elongate form and the
striate umbilicus.

EUSPIRA, Agas.

E. TABULATA, n. S.
PL 35, Fig. 4.

SHELL thick, robust, pyriform ; spire elevated turrited ; whorls
five; upper surface directly or obliquely truncated ; suture faint.
Body whorl flat above, concave immediately below the angle, and
broadly expanded towards the base. Surface plain. Aperture
biangular behind, rapidly widening, and round in front; outer
lip simple, but rather thick; inner lip incrusted narrowly above,
thickened over, and in front of the umbilicus. Umbilicus imper-
forate, a small angular ridge revolving from the umbilicus, nearly
parallel with the margin of the inner lip.

Figure, natural size.

A rare shell, and entirely unlike any other in the formation. It seems to be
most closely allied to the Oolitic genus Euspira, and altogether looks much more
like a Jurassic than like a Cretaceous species.

CHEMNITZIA, d'Orb.

C. ZEBRA, n. S.
PI. 35, Fig. 5.

SHELL elongate, slender-conical ; spire high, whorls numerous,
flattened, or very slightly convex on the sides ; suture linear, im
pressed; body whorl flattened above, rounded below. Surface

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 261

plain, marked only by obsolete lines of growth, and ornamented
by more or less sinuous, broken, irregular bands of color, longi
tudinally disposed, and sometimes entire, sometimes zigzag,
branching, anastomosing and running out. Aperture subellip-
tical; outer lip sinuous; inner lip heavily incrusted.

Figure, natural size.

Easily recognized by its elongate form and nearly flat sides, and by the unusual
circumstance of the retention of its color. Every specimen I have seen shows the
colored pattern when the surface is wet, and most of them retain it so strongly as
to show it even when dry.

Considerable confusion has arisen from a want of a clear understanding of the
relations of d'Orbigny's genus Chemnitzia to Turbonilla of Risso. I believe Mr.
Conrad was the first author to call attention to the fact, that good points of differ
ence exist between the two. Chemnitzia is essentially a genus of comparatively
large shells, all fossil, and which seem to be confined to Secondary rocks. They
have thick shells, and are usually more or less angulated, with heavily incrusted
inner lips. Turbonilla seems to have originated in the later Tertiaries, and attains
its maximum development in the present seas. It contains only small shells, many
of them being almost microscopic ; they are usually thin, and the inner lip is little
or not at all incrusted.

C. TEXANA, Roem., sp.

(Scalaria Texana, Roem. ; Kreid. Tex., p. 39, pi. 4, fig. 11.)

A smaller shell than the preceding ; characterized by rounded whorls, strong
longitudinal ribs, and smaller revolving ribs. It seems to be a rather rare shell.

TYLOSTOMA, Sharpe. 1849.
Varigera, d? Orb. 1850.

T. MUTABILIS, 11. S.
PI. 35, Fig. 6, a, b, c.

SHELL very variable in shape, according to age. In the very
young, subglobose or subovate; becoming more elongate in the
adult, and compressed in the very old; apex elevated in average
specimens; whorls seven to seven and a half, rounded on the
sides, and usually more or less converging; suture deeply im-

262 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

pressed ; transverse section subcircular to subelliptical, the two
varices being nearly linear or obsolete in the young; and rough,
prominent, and sometimes imbricating in the adult. Aperture
elongate, acute behind, narrowly rounded in advance ; outer lip
simple or slightly thickened. In one very small specimen, the
inner surface of the outer lip shows a minute crenulatiou, that I
have been unable to detect in any other specimens of a large
series. Inner lip slightly incrusted. Surface marked by lines
of growth, and by the variable varices.

Figures 6 and 6 c, natural size. Figure 6, from an average specimen, 6 c, from
an old shell, a top view to show the extreme form of the varices; 6 a and 6 b, front
and top views, magnified, from a young shell, showing the internal crenulation
and the symmetrical form. :; '

One of the most common fossils at Arivechi.

ANCHURA, Conrad.

A. MONILIFERA, 11. S.
PI. 35, Fig. 7.

SHELL small, elongate, slender, fusiform; spire elevated; whorls
numerous (six or seven?), rounded on the sides; body whorl
regularly rounded, never angulated except in some instances near
the origin of the large lip, where a faint carina starts and runs
out in the middle of the lip. Surface ornamented by numerous,
slightly flexuous, rounded ribs, with equal, concave interspaces,
ribs and spaces alike crossed by about a dozen sharply elevated
revolving threads. Outer lip unknown; the posterior angle of
the mouth reaches almost to the penultimate suture, and both
posteriorly and on the inner lip the aperture is bordered by a
rather broad and somewhat flattened plate. Anterior canal
unknown.

Although this shell is quite common ; among perhaps fifty specimens, there was
not a single one showing more of the outer lip, or of the canal, than is illustrated
in the figure.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 263

CERITHIUM, Brug.
C. MEXICANUM, n. s.

PL 35, Fig. 8.

SHELL elongate, slender; whorls numerous, rounded on the
sides ; suture linear, impressed. Surface marked by numerous,
slightly curved longitudinal ribs, about twenty-five to a volution ;
these are crossed by five or six revolving ribs, which produce a
small node at each crossing of the longitudinal ribs ; between
each pair are two or three minute revolving lines. On each
volution there is one longitudinal rib, larger than the others,
which seems to be a regular varix; these are irregularly placed,
but on six whorls there are but six of these varices. They are
not constant in size, and on the upper whorls, where the longi
tudinal ribs are less numerous, and proportionally larger, they
assimilate them more nearly in appearance. Aperture broad,
inner margin somewhat thickened and flattened.

Length of fragment, less anterior portion of aperture and several apical whorls,
1.1 inch.
Bare. But two or three specimens were found.

TURRITELLA, Lam.

T. SERIATIM-GRANULATA,

Under this head, among the Californian fossils, I have already given the
synonymy of this species: see the enumeration (ante). The shell is very common,
and is extremely variable in the details of its ornament, both in the number and
in the arrangement of its ribs. Its apical angle is also somewhat variable.

264 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

ANGARIA, Bolt.

Delpliinula, Lam.

I

A. CTNGULATA, D. 8.
PL 35, Fig. 9.

SHELL moderate in size, compact, whorls all in close contact;
spire moderately elevated; upper whorls rounded; body whorl
augulated, flattened above and on the sides, internally rounded;
umbilicus broad, bordered by a sharp angle. Surface ornamented
on the sides by large, oblique, longitudinal ribs or undulations,
and on the top, sides, and bottom by numerous small revolving
ribs ; two, larger than the others, on the umbilical margin. Aper
ture large, subangulated, rounded in advance; inner lip sinuous.

Figure, natural size.

Kare. A single specimen in the collection of Mr. F. L. A. Pioche, of San
Francisco. Well characterized by the whorls being all in close contact, by its
subangular form, and by the obliquely undulated surface.

CINULIA, Gray.
Avellana, d 'Orb.

C. RECTILABRUM, n. S.
PL 35, Fig. 10, 10 a.

SHELL small, compact, solid, subglobose; spire moderately ele
vated; whorls four, rounded; suture impressed. Surface marked
by numerous large revolving ribs, in the interspaces of which
can be sometimes detected a few obsolete punctations. Aperture
elongate, narrow behind, rounded in advance; outer lip broad,
thick, nearly straight; inner lip heavily incrusted, and bearing
in advance two large, prominent folds ; anterior margin of the
mouth slightly emarginate.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 265

Length, .4 inch; greatest width, .32 inch; lesser, .24 inch.

This species is allied to C. Matheivsonii of the California rocks, but differs in its
less compressed form, the presence of but two folds in the mouth, placed in a
different manner, and in the details of the sculpture.

PHOLADOMYA, Sowb.

P. SONORENSIS, n. 8.
PI. 36, Fig. 12.

SHELL elongate, suboval, very oblique, gibbous; beaks one-
fourth of the length from the anterior end, which slopes nearly
straight from the beaks to the middle, and is narrowly rounded
or subtruncate below ; cardinal margin concave ; base irregularly
convex, most prominent at, or a little posterior to the middle;
posterior end regularly rounded. Surface marked by numerous,
prominent, rounded, irregularly disposed, concentric ribs, crossed
by four or five faint radiations, dividing the surface into as many
obsolete planes. In some cases, the spaces between the radiating
lines are faintly concave.

This shell is quite rare. I have seen but two or three specimens. It is not unlike
P. Oreffonensis, supra (PI. 29, fig. 65), but the beaks are less anterior, the cardinal
margin is more convex, the posterior end is more regularly rounded, and the con
centric ribs are strong and prominent, instead of being nearly obsolete, as in that
species.

TAPES, Megerle.
T. HILGARDI, Shum.

PI. 36, Fig. 13.
(Tapes Hilgardi, Shumard ; Trans. St. Louis Acad., 1860, p. 601.)

The present shell agrees with Dr. Shumard's description, and with a sketch
which Mr. A. K. Roessler, late assistant in the Texas Survey, was kind enough
to lend me, and which he made from the original type. Following Dr. Shumard,
I refer the species to Tapes, though the hinge is not yet known, and I am confi
dent that a thorough revision will be required among the numerous species referred
to the various genera of Veneridce, where generic distinctions are based so exclu
sively on the hinge, and where external form is of so little value. The recent

PAL. VOL. II. — 35

266 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

researches of Dr. Roemer and Mr. Conrad, have demonstrated the existence of
several well-characterized and peculiar genera in the Cretaceous and Tertiary,
among forms, until recently, referred to modern genera ; and were our material
more perfect, I am convinced that still further separations would be required.
Palseontological conchology is shamefully in the rear, in the matter of generic
division, as compared with that portion of the science which relates to living
forms ; and although palaeontologists have a good excuse for their conservatism, in
the very frequent total or partial absence of characters, yet when the material
under consideration does retain all of its distinctive characters, they are too apt to
allow their fear of radicalism, on the side of excessive subdivision, to drive them
into the no less blameworthy fault of " old fogyism " on the other extreme.

It is in view of this failing of my co-laborers in the field of fossil conchology,
that I have proposed so many new genera and sub-genera in the present work. I
hardly hope that, for the present, all of them will be adopted, though they are
certainly as distinct as the average of the modern genera, universally acknowledged
by the students of the existing malacological fauna.

CARDIUM, Linn.
GRANOCARDIUM, New S. Gen.

I propose the present subdivision of Cardium to receive a well-
marked, though small group of 'shells in the genus, characterized
by a peculiar style of surface ornament. They seem to be pecu
liar to the upper portions of the Cretaceous formation, the oldest
species with which I am acquainted being found in the upper
Green Sand. The subgenus may be described as follows : Shell
nearly equilateral, usually longer than wide ; valves closed all
round ; surface ornamented by two series of radiating ribs,- large
ribs bearing spines, tubercles, or grains, and smaller ribs occupy
ing the interspaces between the larger, and also granulate.

This is one of the most highly ornamented groups in the genus, and is repre
sented in Europe by C.producium, Shy., C. Moutonianum, d'Orb, and C. Carolinum,
d'Orb, and in America by C. Tippanum, Conrad, and the present species. Tippanum
is from the equivalent of the upper chalk, sabulosum is on the horizon of the lower
chalk, and the three European species quoted, are from the upper Green Sand,
( Cenomanien, d'Orb.).

The ornaments of the present species are more minute than on any of the others
in the subgenus, with which I am acquainted.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 267

C. (G.) SABULOSUM, D. 8.
PL 36, Fig. 14

SHELL convex, nearly equilateral, rounded, subquadrate; beaks
central, slightly pointed in advance; umbones very prominent ;
cardinal margins equally and very slightly sloping; anterior end
and base regularly convex ; posterior end rounded, subtruncate.
Surface marked by from twenty to thirty radiating ribs bearing
small, elongate tubercles; between these ribs are broad, flat,
interspaces, each one with two or three fine, linear ribs, minutely
granulate.

Figure, natural size ; transverse diameter, 1.15 inch.

C. (PROTOCARDIUM) GRANULIFERUM, n. s.

PI. 36, Fig. 15.

SHELL large, thin, subquadrate, subcompressed. Beaks central,
strongly pointed in advance, umbones moderate ; cardinal mar
gins sloping; base broadly and regularly rounded; anterior end
rounded, sometimes rounded subtruncate; posterior end obliquely
truncate. Surface marked by from fifteen to eighteen radiating
ribs, which occupy the posterior face to beyond the posterior basal
angle ; some of these ribs, those nearest the outer margin of the
shell, carry small granulations, irregularly disposed along their
length. The remainder of the surface is covered by irregular
lines of growth.

Figure, natural size of an average specimen. One fine example before me
measures length and width each, 3 inches, diameter of two valves, 1.8 inch. A
small specimen, less than an inch in length, has the heaks much less prominent
than in the figure, the cardinal margins much more sloping, and the whole outline
below forming a regular curve. On comparing the specimens with the figures of
C. (P.) multistriatum,Shum., in Emory's Report, pi. 6, fig. 4 a-c, the present form
seems to be more truncated posteriorly, and I can detect no indications of the
granules on the radiating ribs either in the figures or in the descriptions of Conrad
or Shumard. By comparing with some very imperfect specimens of Shumard's

268 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

species, I find a great difference in the convexity ; that form having a far greater
transverse diameter. I have never been so fortunate as to see a good example of
the Texan shell ; and have been obliged to rely on the descriptions and figures in
Marcy's and Emory's Reports, almost entirely. It is not impossible that the two
species may prove identical, though I hardly think it possible that, had it existed,
so marked a character as the granules on the ribs would have been overlooked by
two such students as Conrad and Shumard.

CARDITA, Brug.

?C. ALTICOSTA, U. 8.
PI. 36, Fig. 16.

SHELL oblique, subtrigonal, gibbous; beaks prominent, subter-
minal; anterior end deeply excavated under the beaks, broadly
and prominently rounded below; cardinal margin rapidly sloping,
nearly straight; posterior end narrow, rounded; base regularly
convex. Surface marked by about twenty-five high, narrow ribs
with concave interspaces. In some cases these ribs are smooth,
in others they are crossed by lines of growth, developed into
imbricating plates. Lunule small, broad, cordate.

Length, .8 to .9 inch.

Common. Although I have been unable to expose the hinge of this shell, I
have very little doubt of the correctness of the generic reference. Externally it
possesses every character of Cardita. The shell is invariably crystalline, and the
matrix is a tough amorphous limestone, which never yields under the chisel until
the shell is completely shattered J I have, in consequence, been obliged to trust to
external resemblances, rather than to the more certain evidence furnished by the
internal characters.

PINNA, Linn.

P. SP. INDEX.

Fragments of a long slender Pinna are not rare in the collection. They indicate
a species not unlike P. Brewerii nob., but are in too fragmentary a condition to
warrant description.

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 269

TRIGONIA, Brug.
T. MOOREANA, Gabb.

(T. crenulata, Koein. (not Lam.); Kreid. Tex., p. 51, pi. 7, fig. 6.)
(T. Mooreana, Gabb ; Synopsis Cret. Moll., p. 176.)

SHELL elongate subtrigonal, beaks small, terminal, incurved;
anterior end slightly convex, rapidly sloping backwards; base
forming a regular curve, continuous with the anterior margin ;
posterior cardinal margin broadly and slightly concave ; posterior
end unknown. Surface ornamented by about twenty-five moder
ately large and slightly sinuous ribs, very slightly crenulated,
with broad concave interspaces. These ribs become obsolete on
the border of the corselet, or cross it transversely as fine lines,
continuing across the central area as sharply defined, linear ribs,
in a transverse direction, slightly curved forwards at their ex
tremities. Corselet broad, nearly flat, with a narrow border,
marked by a deep longitudinal groove.

Length of a broken specimen, less a portion of the posterior end, 2.4 inches,
probable total length, 2.8 inches ; width, 1.5 inch, height of single valve, .9 inch.

Not rare at Arivechi.

The present species belongs to a large group in the genus, all of which are more
or less closely allied. It can be distinguished from T. crenulata, its nearest ally,
and to which Dr. Eoemer referred it, by its more slender form, less prominent
base, less strongly crenuluted ribs, and by the character of the corselet. In
Lamarck's species, that area is comparatively smaller, and is bordered by a wide
margin, over which the ribs cross very obliquely backwards from the beak, after
wards crossing the area itself almost transversely or obliquely forward, though in
a loss degree than on the margin. In our species, the border of the area is narrow
and deeply grooved, and the linear ribs are obsolete, except near the beaks, where
they are transverse, instead of having the marked obliquity seen in crenulata.

It differs from T. Emoryi, Con., in being more elongate, in having a much nar
rower corselet, and in other minor details. From T. Evansana, Meek, it can be
distinguished by its less prominent base, more retreating anterior end, the greater
number of its ribs, and by the entirely different direction of the lines on the
corselet.

270 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

REMONDIA, N. Gen.

SHELL compressed, elongate subquadrate, closed at the extrem
ities (or perhaps slightly gaping posteriorly). Ligament very
short, external. Hinge composed of three radiating cardinal
teeth in each valve, and a long posterior tooth in the left, with a
corresponding tooth in the right. The middle cardinal of the
left valve is transversely striate, as in Trigonia, and is slightly
grooved on its face, the anterior is linear and smooth, and the
posterior is also smooth, at least on its posterior face. The
posterior lateral, and its corresponding cavity, are irregularly
rugose. In the right valve, the anterior tooth is as large as the
middle, the posterior is linear ; further details unknown.

This genus is evidently closely allied to Trigonia, its quadrate form not being
unlike many of the species of that genus, and the transversely striate teeth
showing a marked resemblance. I am unable to say, even with a large series before
me, whether the posterior end was closed or not. In every case the extremity is
more or less broken, and from the appearance of the most perfect specimens, it is
not improbable that there may have been a slight gaping of the lower portion of
the posterior margin.

In giving the above name to this genus, I take great pleasure in at least fulfilling
a promise, made three or fouT years ago, of dedicating it to my old friend Auguste
Esmond de Corbineau, who was cut off almost at the commencement of a career,
that promised more than ordinarily brilliant results, and whose untimely death
was mourned by all who knew him.

R. FURCATA, n. 8.
PI. 36, Fig. 17, 17 a.

SHELL thick, elongate, subquadrate, compressed ; beaks small,
prominent, placed not quite a third of the length from the anterior
end, which is narrowly rounded in the middle and retreats rapidly,
nearly straight above, and convex below ; cardinal margin very
slightly concave, nearly parallel with the base ; base faintly sinu
ous, broadly convex in advance, straight to concave posteriorly ;
posterior end concave in the middle, prolonged into two blunt

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 271

points, the lower a little the longest. Adjoining the hinge line,
both in advance of and behind the beaks, the surface is concavely
truncated, making two plain areas with converging sides, bordered
by sharp angles, corresponding in advance to a Innule, and pos
teriorly to the corselet of a Trigonia. A strongly marked umbonal
ridge runs from the beaks to the posterior basal angle, above
which the surface is concave, and in front of which it is very
slightly convex. Surface marked by very irregular concentric
ridges, less distinct towards the base, and corresponding in direc
tion with the lines of growth.

Length (restored), 2.5 inches ; width, 1.3 inch ; diameter of two valves, .65 inch.

CUCULLuEA, Lam.

C. LNERMIS, n. 8.
PI. 36, Fig. 18.

SHELL large, thick, subquadrate, very convex, variable in out
line. Beaks large, incurved, distant, variable in position, placed
sometimes but slightly in advance of the middle, sometimes not
more than a third of the length from the anterior end. Anterior
end nearly straight above, rounding into the base below; pos
terior end very variable, more or less produced, sloping above,
narrowly rounded below ; base nearly straight or slightly convex;
area broad, from two-thirds to three-fourths of the length of the
shell ; umboual ridge rounded, posterior to which the surface is
nearly flat, and almost at a right angle to the portion in advance.
Surface marked only by lines of growth ; in one unusually perfect
specimen, minute radiating lines can be detected near the beaks,
by the aid of a glass.

Dimensions of three specimens: length, 3.0 inches; width, 2.2 inches ; diameter
of two valves, 2.0 inches. Length, 2.5 inches ; width, 2.1 inches; diameter of two
valves, 2.0 inches. Length, 1.9 inch ; width, 1.5 inch ; diameter of two valves,
1.3 inch.

This shell is not unlike C. truncata, of the California rocks, hut is easily dis-

272 PALEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

tinguished by its more anterior beaks, more rounded umbones, shorter hinge, less
prominent anterior end, and straighter base. It is larger than C. Nebrascensis,
and its more square form will distinguish it.

GRYPH^EA, Lam.

Perhaps no fossil in the Cretaceous formation of North America has been the
subject of more discussion, or has been more misunderstood than Gryphcea Pitcherii.
One of the principal reasons for this, is the fact that Dr. Morton described the
species from a very small specimen, and gave, in his "Synopsis," but a single
figure, which was not over characteristic. Dr. Roemer, after studying the fossils
of Texas, visited the Museum of the Philadelphia Academy to study Morton's
types, but did not succeed in finding the original specimen of this species, it having
been carelessly thrown aside, in a drawer full of duplicates and worthless frag
ments, from which I had the good fortune to disinter it in 1860 or 1861, after years
of concealment. Failing to obtain more reliable information than that furnished
by Morton's short description and only passable figure, Dr. Roemer applied the
name to a form very common in Texas, but which, as will be seen below, I believe
to be distinct from the true Pitcherii.

In Emory's report of the Mexican Boundary Survey, Mr. Conrad indicated a
variety with strongly carinated and deflected beaks, under the name of G. Pitch
erii var. navia. This is now universally considered by American Palaeontologists
as a distinct species.

Professor Marcou, having advanced the theory of the Jurassic age of a large
portion of the rocks of the Southwest, and being inclined to bolster it up by forc
ing evidence to its support, in 1855, in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of
France, and again in his Geology of North America, selected the "variety" navia
as Morton's, so called, typical form, and said the true Pitcherii was merely a
variety of the Jurassic dilatata, calling it the " variety Tucumcarii." In the latter
publication he gives excellent figures of navia under the name of Pitcherii, and
illustrates both the more common and the most dilated form of the true Pitcherii,
under the name of " var. Tucumcarii." My attention has been constantly directed
to the question for the last eight or nine years, and I have made it a point to study
critically, all the reputed specimens of Pitcherii, and of the allied forms that have
come within my reach, and have arrived at the conclusion that there have been
three well-marked and distinct species included under this name, as follows:

G. PITCHERII, Morton.

(Gryphcea Pitcherii, Morton ; Synopsis, p. 55, pi. 15, fig. 9.)

(G. Pitcherii, Con. ; Emory's Report, p. 155, pi. 21, fig. 3 a, b (exclus. c, d).)

(Id., Con. ; loc. cit, pi. 10, fig. 2.)

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 273

(Ostrea vesicularis, d'Orb. (not Lam.); Prod. Pal. Strat., Vol. 2, p. 256, Etage 22,

No. 925.)
(G. dilotata, var. Tucumcarii, Marcou; Bull. Soc. Geol. de France, Vol. xi, pi. 21,

fig. 3.)

(Id., Marcou; Geol. N. A., p. 43, pi. 4, fig. 1, a, b, 2, 3.)
(G. Pitcherii, Gabb ; see remarks Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 22.)

SHELL moderately thick, more or less rounded trigonal, ex
panded. Lower valve variably and unequally bilobate, the
large lobe forming about two-thirds of the bulk of the valve,
separated from the smaller lobe by a radiating depression, most
strongly marked towards the base. Beaks small, incurved, or
very slightly deflected towards the side of the small lobe; um-
bones large, prominent, and rounded ; no umbonal ridge. Sides
sloping nearly straight, or slightly convex, downwards from the
hinge margin, unequal, the side of the small lobe being always
the most prominent. Basal margin more or less strongly sinu
ous. Hinge triangular, short, broad, and straight. Upper valve
nearly flat, or a little convex near its straightest margin, caused"
by a greater thickness at that point; rounded, trigonal to sub-
ovate, or almost subcircular. Surface smooth or slightly imbri
cated.

This description is based principally on Dr. Morton's original specimens, some
what amplified by the assistance of additional material.

G. NAVIA, Con.

(Gryphcea Pitcherii, var. navia, Con. ; Emory's Keport, Mexican Boundary, p. 155,

pi. 7, fig. 3, c, d (exclus. a, b).)

(G. Pitcherii, Marcou (not Morton) ; Geol. N. A., p. 38, pi. 4, fig. 5, a, b, fig. 6.)
(G. navia, Gabb ; Proc. Phil. Acad., 1861, p. 22.)

SHELL very thick, elongate, narrow subtrigonal. Lower valve
thick, very indistinctly or not at all bilobate ; beaks acute, promi
nent, flattened laterally, and deflected entirely beyond the left hand
margin ; umbones prominent, angulated, a sharp umbonal ridge
running from the beak to the basal margin ; sometimes a slightly
marked, rounded ridge occupies the position of the smaller

PAL. VOL. II. — 36

274 PALAEONTOLOGY OP CALIFORNIA.

lobe of Pitcherii. Base entire ; sides sloping from the hinge line
to the base at nearly equal angles, the right side a little convex,
the left about equally concave. Surface more or less squamose,
sometimes a series of very rough imbrications on the umbonal
ridge. Hinge long, narrow, and curved laterally with the de
flection of the beak. Upper valve small, thick, narrow, flat, and
oblique.

For the resemblances and differences between the three forms, see notes following
the description of the succeeding species.

G. MUCRONATA, Gabb.

(G. Pitcherii, Roem. (not Morton) ; Kreid. Tex., p. 73, pi. 9, fig. 1.)
(G. Pitcherii, Schiel? (not Morton) ; Pacific Kailroad Report, Vol. 2, p. 108, pi. 3,
fig. 9.)

SHELL long, narrow, subtrigonal, very thick. Lower valve
strongly bicarinate by two radiating ridges, one running from
the umbones, the other near the opposite margin, dividing the
surface rudely into three portions, two marginal planes and an
intermediate one, often concave. Beaks very prominent, pro
duced, median and strongly incurved ; umbones very prominent
and rounded. Hinge long, narrow, and straight. Sides nearly
equal, diverging equally at a narrow angle; base slightly convex,
entire. Upper valve long, narrow, thick, and straight. Surface
marked by subsquamose lines of growth.

The differences between these three species are as follows: G. Pitcherii is dilated
and very distinctly bilobate, the beaks are small and incurved, and the umbones
are broadly rounded. G. navia is narrow triangular, the beaks are deflected ex
cessively, and the umbonal ridge is acute-angular, sometimes not being more than
forty to forty-five degrees. The hinge is also deflected. G. mucronata is also
narrow, but the beaks, which are very long and incurved, in some cases into a
prominent hook, are placed exactly in the median line, and the umbone and um
bonal ridges are rounded, never even subangular.

Mucronata and Pitcherii agree in the median beaks, but differ in form. Navia
and mucronata have the narrow trigonal form, but differ in the size, shape, and
positions of the beaks. There is less resemblance between these latter on the one
side, and Pitcherii on the other, than there is between some of the. varieties of

CRETACEOUS FOSSILS. 275

PUcherii and vesicularis. At the same time the beaks will distinguish them between
themselves.

G, mucronata occurs abundantly among the Mexican fossils.

EXOGYRA, Say.
E. PLICATA, Lam., sp.

PL 36, Fig. 19, 19 a.

(Gryphoea plicata, Lam. ; 1819, An. S. Vert., Vol. 6, p. 199.)

(Exogyra plicata, Goldf. ; Petr. Germ., Vol. 2, p. 37, pi. 87, fig. 5.)

(E. plicata, Roem. ; Kreid., p. 48.) •

(E. flabellata, Goldf. ; Petr. Germ., Vol. 2, p. 38, pi. 87, fig. 6 (young) ).

(Ostrea flabellala, d'Orb. ; Pal. Fr., Vol. 3, p. 717, pi. 475.)

(E. harpa, Goldf. ; Petr. Germ., Vol. 2, p. 38, pi. 87, fig. 7.)

(Gryphcea harpa, Fbs. ; Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., 1844, p. 250, pi. 3, fig. 12.)

(Ostrea Matheroniana, d'Orb ; Pal. Fr., Vol. 3, p. 737, pi. 485.)

(E. Matheroniana, Con. ; Emory's Rep., p. 154, pi. 8, fig. 11.)

(E. Boiissingaultii, d'Orb. ; Foss. de Col., p. 57, pi. 3, fig. 10 ; pi. 5, fig. 8, 9.)

(E. Boussingaultii, d'Orb. ; Am. Merid., p. 91, pi. 18, fig. 20.)

(Ostrea Boussingaultii, d'Orb. ; Pal. Fr., Vol. 3, p. 702, pi. 468.)

(E. subplicata, Roem. ; Ool. Nach., tab. 18, fig. 17.)

(E. spinosa, Math. ; Cat., p. 192, pi. 32, fig. 6, 7.)

(E. Texana, Roem. ; Kreid". Tex., p. 69, pi. 10, fig. 1 a, b, c, d.)

(E. Texana, Shum. ; Marcy's Rep., Red. R., p. 205, pi. 5, fig. 1, 2.)

Quite common in Texas and at Arivechi, as well as at all or most of the inter
mediate localities. I cannot believe that, in an oyster, the number or size of the
plications, within reasonable limits, can be depended upon as of specific value, and
il Is on these alone that the above long list of names has been proposed.

OSTREA, Linn.

O. SP. INDEX.

A small, thin oyster occurs, incrusting many of the larger fossils, and growing
in clusters. It is rarely more than an inch or an inch and a quarter long, is closely
attached by the whole lower surface, and, where not crowded out of shape, is irregu
larly trigonal, a little oblique, and narrows regularly towards the beaks.

276 PALAEONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.

RADIATA.

PYRINA, Desmoul.
P. PARRYI, Hall.

(Pyrina Parryi, Hall; Emory's Rep., p. 144, pi. 1, fig. 1 a-d.)
Rare ; but three or four specimens were found.

CYPHOSOMA, Agas.
C. TEXANUM, Roem.

(Dladema Texana, F. Roem. ; Texas, p. 392.)

(Cyphosoma Texanum, Roem. ; Kreid. Tex., p. 82, pi. 10, flg. 6.)

(Id., Hall; Emory's Report, p. 145, pi. 1, fig. 3 a-c.)

More common than the preceding.

TURBINOLIA, Lam.

? T. TEXANA, Con,

(Turbinolia Texana, Con. ; Emory's Report, p. 144, pi. 2, fig. 3 a, 6.)
Very common.

UNDETERMINED.

Two or three species of incrusting tubes occur in the collection, perhaps all
Serpulidce. They are all, with one exception, so weathered that all distinctive
characters are obliterated. The exceptional case is the one of which a somewhat
magnified view is given on PI. 36, Fig. 11. It may be a Serpula, or not impossibly
one of the Vermetidce. It is closely attached by its lower surface, which is ex
panded laterally into a subsquamose plate ; the upper surface is longitudinally
convex, with a slight ridge or offset on each side, and is transversely striate or
rugose. The aperture is transversely subelliptical in section. This form is very
rare. I have seen but a single specimen.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

ACILA, 102, 197, 250.

Castrensis, 102.

truncata, 197, 250.
ACMJEA, 51, 86, 172, 230.

marmorea, 87.

mamillata, 87.

mitra, 87.

patina, 52, 86.

pelta, 52.

persona, 52, 86.

rudis, 51.

scabra, 86.

seurra, 87.

spectrum, 52, 86.

Tejoneneis, 172, 230.

Traskii, 173.
Acrosmilia, 253.

striata, 253.
ACTION, 115, 232.

ellipticus, 115.

impressus, 232.
ACT.EONELLA, 173, 232.

oviformis, 173, 232.
ACTJSONINA, 173, 231.

Californica, 231.

pupoides, 173, 231.

Z

AGASOMA, 46.

gravida, 46, 72.

sinuata, 46, 72.
Akera, 88.

culcitella, 88.
Alia, 10, 76.

Eichthofeni, 10, 76.
AMAUROPSIS, 223.

alveata, 223."

oviformis, 223.
AMIANTIS, 96.

callosa, 56, 96.
AMMONITES, 130, 210, 258.

Archiacianus, 136.

Batesii, 132, 211.

Brewerii, 130, 210.

Chicoensis, 211.

complexus, 133, 211.

Cooperii, 212.

fraternus, 137, 212.

Haydeni, 210.

Hoffmannii, 131, 137, 211.

jugalis, 133, 212.

Michelinianus, 136.

Newberryanus, 210, 212.

Pedernalis, 258.

(277)

278

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Ammonites Peruvianus, 210.

pleurisepta, 258.

ramosus, 210.

K£mondii, 211.

Stoliczkanus, 135, 212.

subtricarinatus, 132, 211.

Suciaensis, 133, 211.

Teh'amaensis, 132, 211.

Traskii, 131, 137, 210.

tuberculatus, 136.

Yancouverensis, 211.

Whitneyi, 134, 212.
Amphiclesma, 94.

decisa, 94.

pulchra, 94.
Amphissa, 74.

corrugata, 74.
AMPULLINA, 161, 223.

alveata, 160, 223.

striata, 161, 223.
AMYCLA, 76.

carinata, 76.

gausapata, 76.
ANATINA, 177, 234.

inequilateralis, 234.

lata, 234.

quadrata, 177, 234.

Tryoniana, 234.
ANCHURA, 165, 226, 262.

angulata, 226.

Californica, 226.

carinifera, 166, 226.

exilis, 226.

falciformis, 165, 226.

monilifera, 262.

transversa, 165, 226.
ANCILLARIA, 9, 76, 220.

Ancillaria clongata, 220.

Fishii, 9, 76.
ANCYLOCERAS, 138, 213.

lineatus, 139, 213.

percostatus, 138, 213.

quadratus, 213.

ftdmondii, 138, 213.
ANGARIA, 229, 264.

cingulata, 264.

ornatissima, 229
ANGULUS, 93.

Gouldii, 93.
ANISOMYON, 231.

Meekii, 231.
Anomalocardia, 121.

devincta, 121.
ANOMIA, 105, 202, 252.

lampe, 106.

lineata, 202, 252.

subcostata, 105.

Yancouverensis, 202, 252.
ANTHONYA, 244.

cultriformis, 244.
Aporrhais, 165, 226.

angulata, 226.

Californica, 226.

exilis, 226.

falciformis, 165, 226.
ARCA, 31. 121, 248. ^»

Breweriana, 24QSX

congesta, 121.

decurtata, 248.

devincta, 121.

equilateralis, 249.

gravida, 248.

Hornii, 249.

microdonta, 121.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

279

Area Obispoana, 121.

suleicosta, 31, 124.

Vancouverensis, 249.
ARCHITECTONICA, 224.

cognata, 224.

Hornii, 224.

inornata, 224.

Yeatchii, 224.
ABCOMYA, 179, 235.

undulata, 179, 235.
ARCOPAGIA, 92, 118.

medialis, 92.

unda, 118.
Artemis, 97.

ponderosa, 97.
ASAPHIS, 181, 236.

multicostata, 181, 236.

undulata, 236.

ASTARTE,.244.

Conradiana, 244.

Mathewsonii, 244.

Tuscana, 244.
ASTERIAS, 37, 110.

Eemondii, 37, 110.
ASTROCCENIA, 254.

petrosa, 254.
ASTRODAPSIS, 37, 110.

Antisellii, 110.

tumidus, 37, 110.

Whitneyi, 37, 110.
ATAPHRUS, 171, 229.

erassus, 171, 229.
Atractus, 146.
ATRESIUS, 168, 227.

liratus, 169, 227.
ATURIA, 69, 210.

Mathewsonii, 210.

Aturia Vanuxemi, 69.

ziczac, 69.
AUCELLA, 194, 247.

Piochii, 194, 247.
Avellana, 264.
AVICULA, 246.

pellucida, 246.
AXIN^EA, 102, 196, 249.

Barbarensis, 102.

eor, 250.

patula, 102.

sagittata, 196, 249.

Yeatchii, 249.

BACULITES, 145, 214.

Chicoensis, 214.

inornatus, 214.

occidentalis, 145, 214.

ovatus, 145, 214.
Balanus, 107.

Estrellanus, 61, 107.
BARBATIA, 249.

Morsel, 249.
BELA, 152, 218.

clathrata, 152, 218.
BELEMNITES, 129, 209.

impressus, 129, 209. "
BITTIUM, 12, 79.

armillatum, 79.

asperum, 12, 79.

rugatum, 79.
BRACHYSPHINGUS, 155, 219.

liratus, 156, 219.

sinuatus, 156, 219.
Buccinanops, 157.

moniliferum, 157.

280

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

BUCCINUM, 74, 112, 156, 219.

corrugatum, 74.

devinctum, 112.

elegans, 74.

fossatum, 47.

liratum, 156, 219.
BULLA, 87, 115, 116, 232.

Adamsi, 87.

culcitella, 88.

Hornii, 232.

jugularis, 116.

nebulosa, 87.

petrosa, 115.
BULLIA, 156, 219.

moniltferum, 157.

striata, 157, 219.
BUSYCON, 111, 149, 217.

Slakei, 149.

Oregonensis, 111.

C.&CUM, 81.

Cooperii, 81.
Caesia, 47.
CALLIANASSA, 111, 127, 209.

Oregonensis, 111.

Stimpsonii, 127, 209.
CALLIOSTOMA, 17, 83, 170, 229.

annulatum, 83.

canaliculatum, 83.

costatum, 83.

radiatum, 170, 229.

tricolor, 17, 83.
CALLISTA, 24, 96.

Yoyi, 24, 96.
Calyptraea, 81.

spinosa, 81.

CANCELLARIA, 11, 50, 79, 114.

altispira, 50, 79.

gracilior, 50, 79.

Oregonensis, 114.

tritonidea, 11, 79.

vetusta, 12, 79.
CANCER, 1, 69.

Brewerii, 1, 69.
Cantharus, 147.
CARDITA, 100, 187, 243, 268.

alticosta, 268.

Hornii, 187, 243.

monilicosta, 101.

Occident alis, 101.

planicosta, 187, 243.

subtenta, 101.

veneriformis, 243.

ventricosa, 100.
CARDIUM, 27, 98, 120, 187, 242, 266.

annulatum, 187, 242. ^

Brewerii, 242.

Californianum, 98.

centifilosum, 99.
* Cooperii, 242.
' corbis, 98.

elatum, 99.

Gabbii, 21, 92.

granuliferum, 267.

linteum, 242.
/ Meekianum, 27, 99.

modestum, 120.

Nuttallii, 98.

Panamense, 99.

Placerensis, 187, 242.

R^mondianum, 242.

sabulosum, 267.

scitulum, 242.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

281

Cardium substriatum, 99.

translucidum, 187, 242.
CARYATIS, 56, 95, 185, 240.

Barbarensis, 56, 95.

nitida, 186, 240.
CASSIDEA, 113.

bilirata, 113.

petrosa, 113.
Catinus, 50, 114, 223.

obliquus, 223.

scopuiosus, 114.
CELLEPORA, 107.

Bellerophon, 107.

Californiensis, 107.
CEMORIA, 115.

crucibuliformis, 115.
CERITHIDEA, 79.

Californica, 79.

sacrata, 79.
CERITHIOPSIS, 114, 224.

alternata, 224.

Oregonensis, 114.
CERITHIUM, 79, 112, 263.

Calif or nicum, 79.

mediate, 112.

sacratum, 79.

Mexicanum, 263.
CHEMNITZIA, 114, 162, 223, 260.

papillosa, 114.

planulata, 162, 223.

Spillmanni, 162, 223.

Texana, 261.

zebra, 260.
CHIONE, 23, 55, 94, 118, 239.

angulata, 239.

angustifrons, 118.

Lordii, 96.

PAL. VOL. ii. — 37

Chione Mathcvvsonii, 23, 95.

Oregona, 95.

pertenuis, 55, 95.

succincta, 94.

varians, 239.

vespertina, 118.

Wbitneyi, 23, 95.
Chiton, 87.

Stellerii, 87.

amiculatus, 87.

Calif or nicus, 87.

chlamys, 87.

tiitkensis, 87.
CHLOROSTOMA, 84.

brunneum, 84.

funebrale, 84.

Pfeifferii, 84.
Chrysodomus, 3, 71.

tabulatus, 71.
CINULIA, 231, 264.

Matbewsonii, 231.

obliqua, 231.

pinguis, 231.

rectilabrum, 264.
CLATHURELLA, 7, 73.

Conradiana, 7, 73.
Clavatula. 215.

Californica, 215.
Clavella, 4, 46.

gravida, 4, 46, 72.

sinuata, 5, 46, 72.
CLIDOPHORA, 54, 90.

punctata, 54, 90.
CLISOCOLUS, 188, 243.

dubius, 189,243.
CLYPEASTER, 36, 109.

Gabbii, 36, 109.

>82

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

CLYPIDELLA, 86, 124.
bimaculata, 86, 124.
callomarginata, 86, 124.

COLUMBELLA, 10, 76.

carinata, 76.
gausapata, 76.
Riehthofeni, 10, 76.
Coins, 111.

arctatus, 111.

COM IN ELLA, 74.

corrugata, 74.
CONCHOCELE, 27, 99.

bisecta, 27, 99.

disjuncta, 28, 99.
CONUS, 78, 150, 225.

Californicus, 78.

Hornii, 225.

ravus, 78.

R^mondii, 225.

sinuatus, 150, 217.
CORBULA, 116, 176, 233.

alffiformis, 177, 234.

cultriforrais, 234.

Diegoana, 116.

Evansana, 117.

Hornii, 176, 234.

parilis, 234.

primorsa, 233.

Traskii, 234.
CORDIERA, 153, 218.

microptygma, 218.

mitraeformis, 153, 218.
CRASSATELLA, 29, 100, 189, 244.

a/to, 189, 244.

collina, 29, 100.

compacta, 190, 244.

grandis, 189, 244.

Crassatclla Uvasana, 244.
CreneUa, 246.

concentrica, 246.
Crepidula, 81.

adunca, 82.

dorsata, 82.

lingulata, 82.

navicelloides, 82.

prcerupta, 81.

rostriformis, 82.
CRIOCERAS, 138.

latus, 213.

percostatus, 138, 213.

Remondii, 138, 213.
CRUCIBULUM, 81.

spinosum, 81.
CRYPT^, 81, 115, 228.

adunca, 82.

dorsata, 82.

grandis, 81.

lingulata, 82.

navicelloides, 82.

pileum, 228.

prcerupta, 81.

princeps, 82.

rostralis, 82, 115.

rostriformis, 82, 115.
CRYPTOCHITON, 87.

Stellerii, 87.
CRYPTOMYA, 90, 116.

Californica, 90, 116.

ovalis, 90.
CUCULL^EA, 249, 271.

cquilateralis, 249.

inermis, 271.

Mathewsonii, 249.

truneata, 249.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

283

CUMA, 9, 75.

biplicata, 9, 75.
CUMINGIA, 94.

Californica, 94.
CYCLAS, 100, 120.

acutilineatus, 100.

Estrellana, 120.

fibrosa, 120.

permacra, 120.
CYLICHNA, 115, 232.

costata, 232.

Oregona, 115.

petrosa, 116.
CYLINDRITES, 232.

brevis, 232.
CYMBOPHORA, 179, 236.

Ashburnerii, 180, 236.
CYPHOSOMA, 276.

Texanum, 276.
CYPR^A, 78, 163, 225.

Bayerquei, 163, 225.

Mathevvsonii, 164, 225.

spadicoa, 78.
Cyprina, 99.

bisecta, 99.
Cyprinella, 242.

tennis, 212.
CYRENA. 26, 98.

Californica, 98.
Cytherea, 95, 96, 118.

callosa, 96.

crassatelloid.es, 96.

gigantea, 97.

Oregona, 95.

solidissima, 96.

vespertina, 118.
Defrancia, 7.

Delphinula, 264.
DENTALIUM, 86, 115, 230.

Cooperii, 230.

hexagon urn, 86.

Nanaimoensis, 230.

pusi/lum, 230.

stramineum, 230.

substriatum, 115.
Diadema, 276.

Texana, 276.
Biadora, 115.

crucibuliformis, 115.
DIODUS, 242.

tenuis, 242.
Dione, 95, 118, 239, 241.

angustifrons, 118.

brevilineata, 95.

Conradiana, 241. '

Oregona, 95.

Uvasan-r, 239.

varians. 239.

vespertina, 118.

DlPTYCHOCERAS, 143, 214.

ItBvis, 144, 214.
DISCOHELIX, 224.

Leana, 224.
Doliopsis, 113.

biliratus, 113.

petrosus, 113.
Dolium, 113.

petrosum, 113.
DONAX, 89, 93, 183, 238.

latus, 183, 238.

protexta, 89.

stultorum, 96.
DOSINIA, 24, 96, 97, 119, 240.

alta, 25, 97, 240.

284

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Dosinia callosa, 96.

Conradi, 25, 97.

Dunckerii, 57.

elevata, 240.

gyrata, 241.

inflata, 241.

longula, 119.

Mathewsonii, 57, 97.

montana, 119.

pertenuis, 241.

ponderosa, 57, 97.

Staleyi, 24, 57, 97.

subobliqua, 119.

tenuis, 240.
Dosiniopsis, 240.

alta, 240.
DRILLIA, 72.

inermis, 72.

perversa, 73.

Voyi, 7, 73.

ECHINARACHNIU8, 36, 109.

Brewerianus, 36, 109.
Ellipsosmilia, 254.

granulifera, 254.
EMARGINULA, 230.

radiata, 230.
ENSIS, 116.

curtus, 116.
ENTALOPHORA, 109.

puuctulata, 109.
Epona, 164, 225.

Mathewsonii, 164, 225.
ERIPACHYA, 148, 216.

Hoifmannii, 149, 216.

perforata, 149, 216.

Eripachya ponderosa, 149, 216.
ERIPHYLA, 244.

umbonata, 244.
Euclia, 10, 79.

Iritonidea, 11, 79.
EUSPIRA, 160, 223, 260.

alvcata, 160, 223.

tabulata, 269.
EXOGYRA, 253, 275.

Boussingaultii, 275.

flabellata, 275.

harpa, 275.

Mntheroniana, 275.

parasitica, 253.

plicata, 275.

spinosa, 275.

subspinosa, 275.

Texana, 275.

FASCIOLARIA, 220.

lo, 220.

laeviuscula, 220.

sinuata, 220.
FICOPSIB, 113, 158, 221.

Cooperii, 159, 221.

Hornii. 158, 221.

modesta, 113.

E^mondii, 158, 221.
Ficus, 48, 77, 113, 221.

cyprceoides, 160, 221.

Dussumieri, 48.

mamillatus, 221.

modestus, 113.

nodiferus, 48, 77

Ocoyanus, 113.

pyriformis, 48, 77.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

285

FlSSTJRELLA, 86.

aspem, 85.

crenulata, 85.

volcano, 86.
FLABELLUM, 253.

Be'mondianum, 253.
Fusus, 70, 73, 111, 145, 214, 259.

ambustus, 71.

aratus, 215.

avctatus, 111.

Averillii, 215.

Barbarensis, 111.

Californieus, 215.

cancellatus, 73.

Cooperii, 159, 221.

corpulentus, 112.

Diaboli, 215.

flexuosus, 215.

geniculus, 71.

Hornii, 158, 221.

Kingii, 215.

Martinez, 146, 214.

Matheweonii, 215.

Mexicanus, 259.

occidentals, 146, 215.

Oregonensis, 73, 111.

Orpheus, 70.

Eemondii, 158, 221.

robustus, 111.

rugosus, 111.

tumidus, 145, 215.

GADUS, 230.

pusillus, 230.

112.

petrosa, 112.

GALERITES, 123.

Oregonensis, 123.

GrALERUS, 228.

excentricus, 228.
GARI, 21, 92, 237.

alata, 21, 92.

texta, 237.
GLOBICONCHA, 232.

Eemondii, 232.
GLYCIMERIS, 89.

abrupta, 90.

Estrellanus, 90.

generosa, 89.
GLYPHIS, 85.

aspera, 85.
GONIOMYA, 235.

borealis. 235.
Granocardium, 266.

sabulosum, 267.
GRYPH^A, 253, 272, 27i>.

dilatata, 272.

harpa, 275.

mucronata, 274.

navia, 273, 274.

Pitcherii, 272, 273, 274.

plicata, 275.

Tucumcarii, 272.

vesicularis, 253, 274.
Gymnarus, 163, 225.

mamibriatus, 163, 22D.
GYRODES, 222.

Conradiana, 222.

expansa, 222.

HALIOTIB, 85.

rufescens, 85.

286

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

HAMITES, 130, 212.

ajinulifer, 143.

quadratus, 139, 213.

Vaneouvercnsis, 212.
HAYDENIA, 219.

impressa, 219.
HELCION, 230,

circularis, 230.

dicbotoma, 230.
HELICANCYLUS, 140, 214.

sequicostatus, 141, 214.
HELICAULAX, 166, 226.

bicarin&ta, 166, 226.

costata, 167, 226.
HELICOCERAS, 212.

vermicularis, 212.

Brcvverii, 213.

declive, 213.
HELIX, 88.

facta, 88.

Hillebrandi, 88.

Mormonum, 88.

Tryonii, 88.

tudiculata, 88.
Hemifusus, 158, 221.

Cooperii, 159, 221.

Hofnii, 158. 221.

Remondii, 158, 221.
HEMIMACTRA, 19, 54, 90.

lenticularis, 19, 90.

occidentalis, 54, 91.
Here, 29, 100.

Richtfwfeni, 100.
HETEROTERMA, 151, 217.

trocboidea, 151, 217.
HINNITES, 105.

crassa, 105.

Hinnites giganteus, 105.

Poulsoni, 105.
HIPPONYX, 82.

Graj^anus, 82.
Hippurites, 63.
HOMOMYA, 179, 236.

eoncentrica, 179, 236.
Hypogella, 89, 175, 233.

cuneatus, 175, 233.

Dicgoensis, 176, 233.

protexta, 89.

IDMONEA, 109.

Califoruica, 109.
INOCERAMUS, 193, 246.

Elliotii, 193, 246.

Piochii, 191, 194, 245, 247.

subundatus, 247.

Whitneyi, 193, 246.

JANIRA, 104.
bella, 105.
dentata, 104.

LACUNA, 80.

carinata, 80.

solid ul a, 80.
Lsevicardium, 99, 187, 242.

annulatum, 187, 242.

elatum, 99.

linteum, 242.

substriatum, 99.
LEDA, 103, 121, 197, 250.

cselata, 103.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

287

Leda cuneata, 103.

Gabbii, 197, 250.

Oregona, 121.

penita, 121.

protexta, 197, 250.

translucida, 250.

Willamettensis, 122.
Leptonyx, 85.

bacula, 85.

sanguined, 85.
LEPTOTHYRA, 85.

bacula, 85.

sanguinea, 85.
LIOHENOPORA, 109.

Califbrnica, 109.
LIMA, 201, 251.

appressa, 201, 251.

microtis, 201, 202, 251.

multiradiata, 201, 252.

Sbastaensis, 251.
LIMOPSIS, 121, 192, 249.

nitens, 121.

Oregoncnsis, 121.

sagittata, 196, 249.

transvcrsa, 250.
Liocardium, 99.

datum, 99.

substriatum, 99.
LIOCIUM, 174, 232.

punctatum, 174, 232.
LIOCONCHA, 9G.

Newcombiana, 96.
LIROPECTEN, 105.

crassicardo, 105.

Estrellanus, 105.

Veatchii, 105.

volseformis, 105.

LITHASIA, 13, 80.

antiqua, 13, 80.
LITHOPHAGUS, 246.

oviformis, 246.
LITTORINA, 14, 80, 227.

compacta, 227.

patula, 80.

Pedroana, 80.

planaxis, 80.

R6nondii, 14, 80.
Loripes, 100, 189, 243.

dubius, 189, 243.

parilis, 100.
Lottia, 52, 86.

gigantea, 52.

pallida, 87.

scabra, 86. ,

spectrum, 86.
LOXOTREMA, 168, 227.

turrita, 168, 227.
LUCAPINA, 85.

crenulata, 85.
Lucina, 28, 100, 120, 189, 243.

acutilineata, 100.

borealis, 100.

Californica, 100.

cretacea, 243.

cumulata, 243.

Estrellana, 120.

fibrosa, 120.

gyrata, 241.

nasuta. 189, 243.

Nuttallii, 100.

permacra, 120.

postice-radiata, 189, 243.

postradiata, 189, 243.

Eicbthofeni, 29, 100.

288

INDEX OF GENERA AND STECIES.

Lucina subcireularis, 243.

tetrica, 100.
LUNATIA, 77, 114, 222, 259.

avellana, 222.

Conradiana, 222. -

Hornii, 222.

Lewisii, 77.

nuciformis, 222.

Oregonensis, 114.

Pedernalis, 259.

Shumardiana, 222.
Luponia, 78, 163, 225.

Bayerquei, 163, 225.

spadicea, 78.
LUTRARIA, 91, 95, 117, 236.

capax, 91.

maxima, 91.

Nuttallii, 91.

transmontana, 117.

Traskii, 56, 95.

truncata, 236.
LUTRICOLA, 92.

alta, 92.

viridotincta, 92.
LYSIS, 229/,

duplicosta, 229.

MACH^ERA, 89. ^

patula, 89.
MACOMA, 93, 118.

arctata, 118.

calcarea, 124.

edulis, 93.

expansa, 93.

inconspicua, 94, 124.

inquiiiata, 93.

dacoma nasuta, 93.

Ocoyana, 118.

Pedroana, 94, 124.

yoldiformis, 93.
£ACTRA, 91, 117, 179, 236.

albaria, 91.

Ashburnerii, 180, 236.

Diegoana, 91.

falcata, 92.

Gabiotensis, 117.

Gibbsana, 236.

maxima, 91.

planulata, 91.

tenuissima, 179, 236.
MANGELIA, 73.

variegata, 73.

VTARGARITA, 85.

acuticostata, 85.

salmonea, 85, 123.
MARGARITELLA, 172, 229.

angulata, 172, 229.

crenulata, 229.

globosa, 229.
MARGINELLA, 76.

Jewettii, 76.
MARTESIA, 175, 233.

clausa, 175, 233.
MEEKIA, 248.

navis, 248.

radiata, 248.

solla, 248.
MEGISTOSTOMA, 232.

striata, 232.
MELANIA, 13, 80.

Taylori, 13, 80.
MELEAGRINA, 192, 246.

antiqua, 192, 246.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

289

MEMBRANIPORA, 108.

Barbarensis, 109.

Californica, 108.
MERCENARIA, 22, 55, 94, 239.

Kennerleyi, 22, 55, 94.

perlaminosa, 22, 55, 94.

varians, 239.
MERETRIX, 56, 118, 185, 239.

arata, 240.

Californica, 240.

decisa, 118.

fragilis, 185, 240.

Hornii, 185, 239.

lens, 239.

longa, 240.

nitida, 186, 240.

ovalis, 240.

Traskii, 56, 95.

Tularana, 119.

uniomeris, 118.

Uvasana, 239.
MESALIA, 114.

arenicola, 114.
METULA, 3, 72.

Ke'mondii, 3, 72.
MITRA, 158, 221.

cretacea, 158, 221.
Modelia, 80.

striata, 80.
MODIOLA, 39, 101, 120, 191, 245.

capax, 101.

contracta, 120.

cylindrica, 245.

flabellata, 101.

major, 191, 246.

multiradiata, 30, 101.

ornata, 245.

PAL. VOL. II. — 38

Modiola recta, 101.

Siskiyouensis, 245.
Molopophorus, 156, 219.

striata, 157, 219.
MONOCERAS, 75.

engonatum, 75.

lugubris, 75.

unicarinatum, 75.
MORIO, 223.

tuberculatus, 223.
MORRISIA, 36, 124.

Hornii, 36, 124.
MULINEA, 19, 20, 91.

densata, 20.

densata, 19, 91.
Murex, 69, 111.

Californicus, 69.

festivus, 70.

fragilis, 111.

multicast atus, 70.
MURICIDEA, 43, 69.

Barbarensis, 69.

Californica, 69.

paucivaricata, 43, 69.
MYA, 90, 116.

abrupta, 90.

Montereyana, 116.

subsinuata, 116.
MYSIA, 100, 24£-.

parilis, 100.

polita, 243.
MYTILIMERIA, 90.

Nuttallii, 90.
MYTILUS, 30, 101, 120, 191, 245.

ascia, 191, 245.

bifurcatus, 101.

Californianus, 101.

290

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Mytilus humerus, 245.

Inezensis, 120.

Matbcwsonii, 30, 101.

pauperculus, 245.

Pedroanus, 120.

quadratus, 191, 245.
MYURELLA, 78.

simplex, 78.

NACELLA, 87.

insessa, 87.
Narica, 115.

Diegoana, 115.
NABSA, 47, 74, 219.

antiquata, 219.

Cooperii, 47, 74.

cretacea, 219.

fossata, 74.

mendica,^7, 74.

perpingiiis, 47, 75.

tegula, 74.
NATICA, 77, 113, 221, 259.

alveata, 160, 223.

clausa, 77.

geniculata, 113.

jETerculea, 77.

Inezana, 77.

Lewisii, 77.

Ocoyana, 77.

Pedernalis, 259.

Recluziana, 77.

saxea, 77.

Uvasana, 221.
NATICINA, 223.

obliqua, 223. ,
NAUTILUS, 209.

Nautilus angustatus, 69.
Campbell!, 210.
Texanus, 209.
ziczac, 69.

, 236.

dolabrseformis, 236.
NEILO, 121, 122.

abrupta, 122.

Oregona, 121.

penita, 121.

Willamettensis, 122.
NEITHEA, 200, 251.

atava, 200.

duplicicosta, 200.

grandicosta, 200, 251.
NEPTUNEA, 3, 44, 71, 146, 216.

altispira, 44, 71.

cretacea, 146, 216.

decemcostata, 45, 123.

gracilis, 149, 216.

Hoffman-nil, 149, 216.

humerosa, 45, 71.

lirata, 45, 123.

mucronata, 147, 216.

perforata, 149, 216.

ponderosa, 149, 216.

recur va, 3, 71.

supraplicata, 149, 216.

tabulata, 71.
NERINEA, 231.

dispar, 231.
NERITA, 170, 228.

cuneata, 229.

deformis, 228.

triangulata, 229.
NEVERITA, 10, 77, 161, 222.

callosa, 10, 77.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

291

Noverita globosa, 161, 222.

Recluziana, 77.

saxea, 77.

secta, 222.
Niso, 224.

polita, 224.
NUCULA, 102, 122, 197, 250.

abrupta, 122.

decisa, 102.

divaricata, 102.

Castrensis, 102.

Conradi, 102.

ccelata, 102.

impressa, 58, 102.

solitaria, 197, 250.

Traskana, 250.

truncata, 197, 250.
Nuculana, 121.

Oregona, 121.

penita, 121.

Willamettensis, 122.

OCINEBRA, 70.

interfossa, 70.

lurida, 70.
OLIVELLA, 75, 220.

biplicata, 75.

boetica, 75.

Mathewsonii, 220.

Pedroana, 75.
OPALIA, 78, 223.

crenatoides, 78.

var. insculpta, 78.

Mathewsonii, 223.
OSTREA, 60, 106, 123, 203, 252, 272.

appressa, 203, 252.

Ostrea Attwoodii, 33, 106.
Bourgeoisie, 33, 106.
Brewerii, 252.
Boussingaultti, 275.
Cerrosensis, 35, 106.
flabellata, 275.
gallus, 106.
Heermannii, 107.
Idriaensis, 203, 252.
lurida, 106.
malleiformis, 252.
Panzana, 123.
subjecta, 123.
Tayloriana, 34, 106.
Titan, 107.
Yeatchii, 34, 60, 106.
vesicularis, 253, 272.
vespertina, 107.

PACHYDESMA, 96, 119.

crassatelloides, 96.

Inezana, 119.
PACHYPOMA, 15, 83.

biangulatutn, 15, 83.

gibberosum, 83.
PAL^EATRACTUS, 147, 216

crassus, 148, 216.
Pallium, 105.

crassicardo, 105.

Estrellanum, 105.
PANDORA, 18, 90, 117.

bilirata, 117.

punctata, 54, 90.

scapha, 18, 90.
Panopcea, 179, 236.

concentrica, 179, 236,
Parapholas, 88.

292

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Parapbolas^enita, 88.
PATELLA, 86, 87, 230.

insessa, 87.

scabra, 86.

scurra, 87.

spectrum, 86.

Traskii, 230.

PECTEN, 32, 59, 86, 103, 122, 198,
250.

altiplicatus, 104.

Californicus, 200, 251.

complexicosta, 199, 251.

catilliformis, 103.

Cerrosensis, 32. 103

Coosensis, 122.

dentatus, 104.

desertii, 122.

discus, 122.

excavatus, 103.

Fabricii, 104.

hastatus, 104.

hericeus, 104.

Icelandicus, 104.

interradiatus, 199, 251.

Islandicus, 104.

magnolia, 122.

Martinezensis, 198, 251.

Meekii, 122.

Nevadanus, 122.

operculiformis, 200, 251.

Pabloensis, 103.

Pealii, 104.

Peckhami, 60, 104.

Pedroanus, 60, 104.

propatulus, 103, 122.

Traskii, 198, 250.

tumidus, 104.

Pectcn Veatchii, 32, 105.

vcntricosus, 104.
Pectunculus, 98, 102, 121.

cor bis, 98.

nitens, 121.

patulus, 100, 102.
Pelagus, 69.

Vanuxemi, 69.
PENITELLA, 88.

Conradi, 88.

penita, 88.

splcea, 88.
PERISSOLAX, 149, 217.

Blakei, 149, 217.

brevirostris, 217.

Gabbii, 150.
PERNA, 120.

montana, 120.
PETRICOLA, 119.

Pedroana, 119.
PHARELLA, 233.

alta, 233.
PHASIANELLA, 82, 232.

corapta, 82.

perforata, 82.

Remondii, 232.
PHIDOLOPORA, 108.

labiata, 108.
PHOLADOMYA, 178, 235, 265.

borealis, 235.

Brewerii, 235.

nasuta, 235.

Oregonensis, 178, 235.

Sonorensis, 265.

subelongata, 178, 235.
Pholas, 88.

penita, 88.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

293

PhyUonotus, 43, 69.

paucivaricatus, 43, 49.
PINNA, 195, 247, 268.

Brewerii, 195, 247, 268.

indet, 268.
PISANIA, 71.

fortis, 71.
Plagiostoma, 60, 104.

annulata, 60, 104.

Pedroana, 60, 104.

truncata, 60, 104.
Plectosolen, 89, 116, 176, 233.

curtus, 116.

Diegoensis, 176, 233.

parallelus, 233.

protexta, 89.
PLEUROMYA, 178, 235.

papyracea, 178, 235.
PLEUROTOMA, 5, 47, 112.

Carpenter iana, 5, 72

inermis, 72.

perversa, 6, 73.

transmontana, 112.

Tryoniana, 6, 47, 72.
Voyi, 7, 73.
PLICATULA, 252.

variata, 252.
Polyplex, 70.

gracilis, 70.
POMAULAX, 83.

undosus, 83.
POTAMIDES, 227.

diadema, 227.

tenuis, 227.
Potamis, 79.

pullatus, 79.
Priene, 73.

Priene Oregonensis, 73.
PRISCOFUSUS, 71, 112.

corpulentus, 112.

devinctus, 112.

geniculus, 71.

medialis, 112.

nodiferus, 112.

Oregonensis, 112.
Protocardium, 187, 242, 267.

grajiuliferum, 267.

PlacerensiSj 242.

translucidum, 187, 242.
Psammocola, 21, 92.

alata, 21, 92.
PSEPHIS, 96.

Lordii, 96.

tantillus, 96.
PSEUDOCARDIUM, 20, 55, 92.

Gabbii, 21, 92.

PSEUDOLIVA, 219.

lineata, 219.

volutseformis, 220.
PTERONOTUS, 70.

festivus, 70.
PTILOTEUTHIS, 128, 209.

foliatus, 128, 209.
PTTCHOCERAS, 142, 143, 214.

cequicostatus, 142, 214.

Dupinianum, 143.

Forbesianum, 143, 144.
PTYCHOSTYLIS, 16, 84.

caflFoa, 16, 84.
PUGNELLUS, 162, 225.

contortus, 163.

hamulus, 162, 225.

manubriatus, 163, 225.
PURPURA, 75, 112.

294

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Purpura attenuata, 75.

canaliculata, 75.

marginata, 75.

lapillus, 75.

ostrina, 75.

petrosa, 112.

saxicola, 75.
PYRINA, 276.

. Parryi, 276.
Pyrula, 113.

modest a, 113.

Radiolites, 107.

gregaria, 61, 107.

Mortoni, 03.
RAN ELL A, 8, 73.

Californica, 73.

Mathewsonii, 8, 74.

triquetra, 73.

REMONDIA, 270.

furcata, 270.
REPTESCHARELLA, 107.

Heermannii, 107.

plana, 108.
REPTESCHARELLINA, 108.

cornuta, 108.

disparilis, 108.

Heerraannii, 108.
REPTOPORINA, 108.

eustomata, 108.
Rhynchonella, 123, 204, 253.

nitens, 123.

peregrina, 204.

Whitneyi, 204, 253.

RlMELLA, 225.

canalifera, 225.
simplex, 225.

RINGICULA, 231.
varia, 231.

RlNGINELLA, 174, 231.

pinguis, 175, 231.
polita, 174, 231.
Rostellaria, 76, 225.
canalifera, 225.
indurata, 76.
simplex, 225.

Sanguinolaria, 94, 238.

Californica, 94, 124.

Whitneyi, 238.
SAXICAVA, 116.

abrupta, 116.
SAXIDOMUS, 58, 98.

aratus, 58, 98.

gibbosus, 58, 98.

gracilis, 58, 98.

Nuttallii, 58, 98.
SCALARIA, 78, 223, 261.

bellastriata, 78.

crebricostata, 78.

Mathewsonii, 223.
. subcornata, 78.

Texana, 261.
Scaphites, 210.

ramosus, 210.

SCHIZODESMA, 20, 91.

abscissa, 20, 91.
ScMzopyga, 47, 74.

Californica, 74.
SCHIZOTHCERUS, 91.

Nuttallii, 91.
Sconsia, 223.

tuberculata, 223.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES

295

Scrobicularia, 92.

viridotincta, 92.
SCURRIA, 87.

mitra, 87.
SCUTELLA, 37, 109.

Gibbsii, 37, 109.

interlineata, 110.

striatula, 110.
SEMELE, 94.

decisa, 94.

pulchra, 94.
Semicassis, 113.

biliratus, 113.

petrosus, 113.
SEMITUBIGERA, 109.

tuba, 109.
SEPTIFER, 101, 246.

bifurcatus, 101.

dichotomus, 246.
Serpula, 276.
Sigaretus, 49, 78, 114.

scopulosus, 114.
SILIQUA, 89, 233.

Californica, 89.

Orogonensis, 233.

patula, 89.
SILIQUARIA, 53, 89.

edentula, 53, 89.
SINUM, 49, 78, 114.

planicostum, 49, 78.

scopulosum, 114.

SlPHONELLA, 108.

multipora, 108.

SMILOTROCHUS, 205, 253.

curtus, 205, 253.

SOLECURTUS, 89.

Nuttallii, 89.

Solecurtus subteres, 89.
Solemya, 89.

ventricosa, 89.
SOLEN, 88, 116, 175, 233.

cuneatus, 175, 233.

curtus, 116.

Diegoeneis, 176, 233.

maxima, 89.

patula, 89.

parallels, 233.

protexta, 89.

rosaceus, 88.
Solena, 89, 176, 233.

Diegoensis, 176, 233.

protexta, 89.
Solenoceras, 143.
Sphcenia, 90.

Californica, 90.
SPIROCRYPTA, 228.

pileum, 228.
Spondylus, 105.

Estrellanus, 105.
STALAGMIUM, 246.

concentricum, 246.
STANDELLA, 91.

falcata, 92.

planulata, 92.
Stramcnita, 112.

petrosa, 112.
STRAPAROLLUS, 224.

lens, 224.

paucivolvus, 224.
Strephona, 75.

Pedroana, 75.
Struthiolaria, 168.
SURCULA, b} 47, 72, 150, 217.

Carpenteriana, 5, 72.

296

INDEX OF GENERA AND SP.ECIES.

Surcula Claytonensis, -217.

inconspicua, 151, 217.

prseattenuata, 150, 217.

raricostata, 217.

sinuata, 150, 217.

Tryoniaua, 6, 47, 72.
SYCODES, 160, 221.

cypraeoides, 160, 221.
Sycotypus, 111, 113.

modestus, 113.

Ocoyanus, 113.

Oregonensis, 111.

TAMIOSOMA, 61, 107.

gregaria, 61, 107.
TAPES, 25, 57, 97, 119, 241, 265.

Conradiana, 241.

eretacea, 241.

diver sum, 97.

gracilis, 98.

Hilgardi, 265.

Inezensis, 119.

linteatum, 97.

montana, 119.

quadrata, 241.

Staleyi, 57, 98.

staminea, 97.

tenerrima, 97.

truncata, 25, 98.
TELLINA, 92, 117, 182, 237.

sequalis, 182, 238.

albaria, 117.

alta, 92.

arctata, 118.

Ashburnerii, 238.

bitruncata, 117.

Tcllina Bodegensis, 92.

calcarea, 124.

Californica, 238.

congesta, 92.

decurtata, 237.

Diegoana, 117.

emacerata, 92.

Gouldii, 93.

Hoffman nian a, 182, 237.

Hornii, 238.

inconspicua, 94, 124.

inquinata, 93.

lata, 124.

ligamentina, 93.

longa, 237.

Mathewsonii. 237.

monilifera, 237.

nasuta, 93.

obruta, 117.

Ocoyana, 118.

ooides, 237.

Oregonensis, 93.

parilis, 238.

Pedroana, 93, 124.

proxima, 124.

quadrata, 237.

B&nondii, 182, 237.

secta, 93.

sordida, 124.

tenera, 124.

tersa, 93.

undulifera, 183, 238.

Whitneyi, 238.
TEREBRA, 162, 223.

Californica, 162, 223.
TEREBRATELLA, 35, 204, 253.

obesa, 253.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

297

Terebratella Whitneyi, 35, 204, 253
TEREBRATULA, 123.

nitens, 123.
Teredo, 115.

substriata, 115.
TESSAROLAX, 226. / * ^

distorta, 226.
Thalotia, 84.

caffea, 84.
Theliostyla, 170, 229.

triangulata, 170, 229,
THETIS, 186, 241.

elongata, 186, 241.
THRACIA, 90, 117, 235.

mactropsis, 117.

occidental^, 235.

subtruncata, 235.

trapezoides, 90.
Tornatella, 115.

elliptica, 115.
TORNATINA, 88.

culcitella, 88.
Trachytriton, 154, 218.

Diegoensis, 218.

fusiforme, 219.

Tejonensis, 218.
TRAPEZIUM, 241.

carinatum, 241.
Tresus, 91.

maximus, 91.
Trigona, 96.

crassatelloides, 96.

tantilla, 96.
TRIGONIA, 196, 247, 269.

aequicostata, 196, 248.

crenulata, 269.

Emoryi, 269.

PAL. VOL. II. — 39

Trigonia Evansana, 247, 269.
Evansii, 247.
Gibboniana, 247.
Hondaana, 247.
Mooreana, 269.
TRIPTERA, 1, 69.

clavata, 1, 69.
Triton, 73.

Oregonensis, 73.
Tritonidea, 148.
TRITONIUM, 73, 154, 218.
Californicum, 154, 218.
Diegoensis, 218.
fusiforme, 155, 219.
Hornii, 218.
luridum, 70.
Oregonensis, 73.
paucivaricatum, 218.
Tejonensis, 154, 218.
Whitneyi, 218.
Tritonofusus, 146, 147, 216.

cretacea, 146, 216.
TROCHISCUS, 85.
convexus, 85.
lsTorrisii,85.
TROCHITA, 15, 51, 81, 115.
costellata, 81.
Diegoana, 115.
filosa, 15, 81.
inornata, 51, 81.
TROCHOSMILIA, 253.
granulifera, 254.
striata, 253.
Trochus, 83.

Adamsianus, 84.
annulatus, 83.
aureotinctus, 84.

298

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Trochus balcenarum, 83.

brunneus, 84.

canaliculatus, 83.

costatus, 83.

gibberosus, 83.

inequalis, 83.

marcidus, 84.

ochraceus, 83.

Pfeifferii, 84.

undosus, 83.
TROPHON, 2, 44, 70.

multicostatus, 70.

Orpheus, 70.

ponderosus, 2, 70.

squamulifer, 44, 70, 123.

tenuisculptus, 70.
Truncaria, 74.

corrugata, 74.

TURBINELLA, 157, 220.

crassitesta, 157, 22Q.
TURBINOLIA, 276.

Texana, 276.
TURBONILLA, 12, 79, 114.

aspera, 12, 79.

papillosa, 114.
Turcica, 16, 84.
TURNUS, 233.

plenus, 233.
TURRILITES, 138, 213.

Oregonensis, 138, 213.
Turris, 5, 112, 217.

Claytonensis, 217.

raricostata, 217.

transmontana, 112.

varicostata, 217.

TURRITELLA, 14, 80, 114, 169, 227,
263.

Turritella Chicoensis, 228.

Cooperii, 80.

dispassa, 228.

Hoffmannii, 14, 80.

Inezana, 81.

infragranulata, 227.

infralincata, 227.

irrorata, 227.

Jewettii, 80.

Martinezensis, 169, 228

Ocoyana, 114.

planilateralis, 227.

robusta, 228.

Saffordii, 228.

seriatim-granulata, 227, ?.63.

Uvasana, 228.

variata, 80.

Veatchii, 228.
TYLOSTOMA, 261.

mutabilis, 261.
TYPHIS, 214.

antiquus, 214.

UNIO, 190, 245.

Hubbardii, 190, 245.

penultimus, 245.
UROSYCA, 159, 221.

caudata, 159, 221.

VANIKORO, 115.

Diegoana, 115.
Varigera, 261.
Venericardia, 101.

borealis var. ventricosa, 101
VENUS, 22, 55, 98, 118, 184, 238.

sequilateralis, 184, 239.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

299

Venus angustffrons, 118.
bisecta, 28, 99.
brevilineata , 95.
Californica, 94.
callosa, 96.

Kennerlyi, 22, 55, 94, 95.
lamellifera, 95, 97.
lenticularis, 239.
maxima, 98.
Nuttallii, 95.
Pajaroensis, 118.
pertenuis, 22, 55, 95.
rhysomia, 96.
rigida, 97.
securis, 95.
succincta, 94.
tantilla, 96.
tetrahedra, 239.
varians, 239.
Yeatchii, 238.

Vola,104.

dentata, 104.
Volutilithes, 76, 220.

Californica, 225.

indurata, 76.

Navarroensis, 220.

YOLDIA, 31, 58, 103.

Cooperii, 31, 59, 103.
impressa, 58, 103.
nasuta, 58, 103.

ZIRPH.EA, 18, 52, 88.

crispata, 88.

dentata, 18, 124.

Gabbii, 52, 88.
Zizyphinus, 17, 83, 170, 229.

annulatus, 83.

canaliculatus, 83.

3
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i' I in

PLATE I.

Fig. 1. CANCER BREWERII. Natural size. 1

Fig. 2. TRIPTERA CLAVATA.

Two views, magnified to show front and lateral outlines. 1

Fig. 3. TROPHON PONDEROSUM. Natural size. 2

Fig. 4. CHRYSODOMTJS RECURVA. Natural size. 3

Fig. 6. ? METULA R^MONDII. Natural size. 3

Fig. 6. CLAVELLA GRAVIDA. Natural size. 4

Fig. 7. C. SINTJATA. Natural size. 5

Fig. 8. PLEUROTOMA CARPENTERIANA. Natural size. 5

Fig. 9. P. TRYONIANA. Natural size. 6

9 a. Restored outline of outer lip, from the lines of growth.

Fig. in. P. (SuRCtTLA) PERVERSA. Natural size. 6

Fig. 11. S. VOYI. Natural size. 7

Fig. 12. CLATHURELLA CONRADIANA. Magnified. 7

of

PAlull Oirim O I • T. YD U. II ,

ftWaHTA A
ATAOIJ11H A I
B«l'iJ AIHAJJ

,

PLATE 11.

PAQK

Fig 13. RANELLA MATHKWSONII Natural size.

Fig. 14. CUMA BIPLICATA. Natural size.

Fig. 15. ANCILLARIA FISHII. Natural size.

Fig. 16. COLUMBELLA KICHTHOFKNI. Magnified. 10

Fig 17. NEVERITA CALLOSA. Natural size.

View of the base.

17 a. Side view to show the form of the callus.

17 b. Top view.

Fig. 18. CANOKLI.ARIA (EucLiA) TRITONIDEA. Natural size.
Fig. 19. (-. (E) VETUSTA. 12

Magnified to nearly twice natural length.
Fj^ 20. BITTUIM ASPERUM. Magnified.

Fig. 21. M ELAN i A TAYLORI. Natural size.

Fig. 22. LITHASIA ANTIQUA. Magnified.

Fig. 23. LITTORINA KKMONDII. Magnified.

23, 23 n. Two extreme forms of a variable species.

Fig. 24. TURRITELLA HoFFMANx'n. Natural size. 14

Fig. 25. TROCHITA FILOSA. Natural size. 15

25 a. Side view.

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.Ill 3TA kl

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.

PLATE III.

PAOE

Fig. 26. PACHTPOMA BIANGTTLATA. Natural size. 16

Fig. 27. . PTYCHOSTYLIS CAFFEA. Slightly magnified.

Fig. 28. CALLIOSTOMA TRICOLOR.

Slightly magnified from a recent specimen.

Fig. 29. Indet. Natural size. 17

Fig. 80. Indet. Natural size. 17

Fig. 31. ZIPPH.SA DKNTATA. Natural size. 18

31 a. Top view of the dorsal plate.

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PLATE IV.

PAGE

Fig. 32. PANDORA SCAPHA. Magnified. 18

Fig. 33. HEMIMACTRA LENTICULARIS. Natural size. 19

P'ig. 34. SCHIZODESMA ABSCISSA. Natural size. 20

34 a. View of the posterior end.

§.imm) of ttuUhirum,

PLATE V.

PACK

Fig. 35. MULINIA DENSATA. Natural size. 19

Fig. 36. GAKI (PSAMMOCOLA) ALATA. Natural size. 21

Fig. 37. VKNUS PKRTENUIS. Natural size. 22

Fig. 38. MERCENARIA PERLAMINOSA. Natural size. 22

Fig. 39. CHIONE MATHEWSONII. Natural size. 23

Fig. 40. C. WHITNEYI. Natural size. 23

Fig. 41. CALLISTA (? TAPES) VOTI. Natural size. 24

Fig. 43. DOSINIA CONKADI. Natural size. 25

PAL.-iE DIVTOLDliT. TDlulI,

W M^Gatb del

T. Sinclair lith Philadelphia.

.TV

rg

PLATE VI.

PAGE

Fip. 47. PSEUDOCARDIFM GABS!!. Natural size. 21

47 a. End view.

47 6, f. Hinge of the two valve?.
47 d. Side view to show the prominence of the enormous lateral teeth.

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PLATE VII.

PAGE

Pig. 42. TAPES STALEYI. Natural size. 24

From a worn specimen.
Fig. 44. ? T. TRUNCATA. Natural size. 25

44 a. Outline of cardinal angle.

Fig. 45. CYRENA CALIFORXICA. Natural size. 26

Fig. 46. CARDIUM MEEKIANUM. Natural size. 27

Fig. 48. CONOHOCELK DISJTJNCTA. Natural size. 28

48 a. View from above.

48 b. Hinge.

Jimrm^ af

(TcrtiniA-l

PluVt'l'', 1.

T Sinclair litivPhiladelphv

PLATE VIII.

PAG*

Fig. 49. LUCINA (HERE) KICHTHOFENI. Magnified.

49 a. Side view showing the convexity and the position of the lunular pit.

49 b. Hinge.

Fig. 50. CRASSATELLA COLLINA. Natural size. 29

Fig. 51 MYTILUS MATHEWSONII. Natural size. 30

Fig. 52. MODIOLA MULTIRADIATA. Natural size. 30

W. M.(jalh del

T. Sinclair lith. Phils :

On Stone by AJ.fbbotson.

z i :* TA

l*

.::

.o 86

.do

PLATE IX.

«>AOB

Fig. 63. ARCA SULCICOSTA. Natural size. a*

63 a. Magnified view of the surface.
Fig. 64. YOLDIA COOPEEII. .Natural size. 31

From the recent specimen found by Dr. Cooper near Santa Cruz.
Fig. 55. PECTEN CERROSENSIS. 32

One-half natural size.
55 a. End view to show convexity of the valves.

PTu-YTE 9.

W M.&abb del

Jn Stone by A.J.I obotson.

PLATE X.

PAQE

Fig. 56. PECTEN VEATCHII. Natural size. 32

Fig. 58, 58 a. OSTREA ATTWOODII. 33

Internal and external views of lower valve, natural size.

( Tertiary

iPTLATK 10.

50

58 1

W M.&abb del.

'T. Sinclair Hth. Philadelphia.

On' Stone by J.Colz.

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PLATE XL

PAG*

Fig. 57. OSTREA BOURGKOISII. Natural size. 33

57 a. Hinge.

Fig. 586. Upper valve of O. ATT WOODI i ? Natural size. 34

Fig. 59. OSTREA VKATCHII. 34

From a small and unusually thin specimen.

Fig. 61. OSTREA CERROSENSIS. Natural size. 35

IPAJ'I

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PLATE XII.

I'AOE

Fig. 60. OSTREA TAYLOBIANA. Natural size. 34

60 a. Side view.
Fig. 62. TEREBRATELLA WHITNEYI. Natural size. 35

62 a. Side view.

NOTE. — This species was originally supposed to be Tertiary; but investigations
since the text was printed, develop the fact that it belongs to the Lower Cretaceous.
Fig. 63. MORRISIA HORNII. Highly magnified. 36

Fig. 64. CLYPEASTER GABBII. Natural size. 36

64 a. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 65. ECHINARACHNIUS BREWERIANUS. 36

Very slightly magnified.
65 «. Longitudinal section.

PAL/E Q>[*1T<W.i(i> L- Y. Y OL. i I

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78

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PLATE XIII.

PAGE

Fig. 66. SCUTELLA GIBBSII. Natural size. 37

66 a. Section.

yig. 67. A v? ROD APSIS WHITNEYI. Natural size. 37

67 a. Elevation.

Y\&. 68. ASTBODAPSIS TUMIDUS. Natural size. 37

68 a. Side outline.

Fig. 69. ASTKRIAS KEMONDII. Natural size. 37

View of one of the arms.

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( Tertiai'v

68

68 a

WM.Gabt del.

T Smclai1- utli Philadelphi

PLATE XIV.

PAGE

Fig. 1. MURICIDEA PAUCIVARICATA. 43

Pig. 2. NEPTUNEA ALTISPIRA. 44

Fig. 3. N. HTJMEROSA. 45

The apex is restored from smaller specimens.

Fig. 4. Ficus PYRIFORMIS. 48

Fig. 5. F. NODIFERUS. 48

Fig. 6. SINUM PLANICOSTUM. 49

Fig. 7. CANCELLARIA ALTISPIRA. 50

Fig. 8. TROCHITA INORNATA. 61

8 a. Side view.

Fig. 9. ACM^A RUDIS. 61

9 a. Side view.

(Tertiary)

WM. Gaib, del

B owen& C ° lith. Philad a

PLATE XV.

PAGE

Fig. 10. ZIRPHJEA GABBII. 62

Fig. 11. ? SlLIQUAIUA EI>ENTULA. 53

Fig. 12. CLIDOPHORA PUNCTATA. 54

Fig. 13, 13 a. ? HEMIMACTRA OCCTDENTALIS. 54

Fio- 14. MERCENARIA PERLAMINOSA. 55

O

Fis. 15, 15 a. CAKYATIS BARBARENSIS. 5(i

O i

Fig. 16. DOSINIA MATHEWSONII. 57

"PAT I/K niTT'O i «n> OTWIEk all.

(Tertiary)

PJLA3*J

WM. Gabb, del

B owen& C ° lith. Philada

PLATE XVI.

PAGE

Yi<r. 17. TAPES STALEYI. 57

17 a. Hinge.

Fig. is. SAXIUOMUS GIBBOSUS. 58

18 a. End view

18 b. Hinge.

Fig. 19. PECTEN PECKHAMI. 59

19 a. Lower valve, to show the emarginate ear.

Fi. 20. JANIRA BELLA. 105

(Tertiary)

/8b

, del

Bowen& C° lith. Philada

On Stone "byAJ.Ib"bots on.

PLATE XVII.

PAOE

Fi<, 21 OSTRKA VKATCHII. 60

* *£)• *^-

21 a. Hinge.

(Tertiary)

1PJL&TK ll.

WMlOabb, del

Bowen&C" Tith. Philada

PLATE XVIII.

PAGE

Fig. 22. TAMIOSOMA GREGARIA. 61

22 a. View of Mr. Conrad's original specimen, showing the internal
plates.

22 b. End view of the same, showing the thickness of the walls and
the surface of the septa.

22 c. Magnified view of a section of the walls and of the origins of the
transverse septa.

22 d. Magnified view of a portion of the internal surface with the re
mains of septa.

22 e. Section of the wall of RADIOLITES SQUAMOSA, to exhibit the sim
ilarity of the columnar structure.

(Tertiary)

WM.Gab'b, del

Boweiii C° lith. Philada.

PLATE XIX.

PAGF.

FJO-. 1. CRUSTACEAN. Indet. 127

Fig. 2 a — f. CRUSTACEAN CLAWS. Indet. 127

Fig. 3. CALLTANA^SA STIMPSONII. 127

Fig. 4. PTILOTEUTHIS FOLIATUS.

Fig. 5 a. Section of body volution of AMMONITES BREWKRII. 130

5 b. Septum,
rig. 6. 6 a. A. BREWKRII. Young.

Fig. 7. A. TRASKII. Young.

7 a. Outline of body volution.

7 b. Still younger specimen.

(Cretaceous.)

W. M. G-aiTo, del

B owen& C ° Hth. Phflada, .

PLATE XX.

PAGE

Fig. 5. AMMONITES BREWERII.

Fig. 8. A. HOFFMANNII. Variety. ")3 • 4"* *"** 131

8 a. Front view of the same.

Fig. 9. A. BATESII. Angulated variety. 132

9 a. Front view of the same

ktl StfWf nf (

(Cretaceous)

2O.

WM.Gafcfb.del

Bowen& C ° lith. Phila-da

PLATE XXI.

PAGE

Fig 10. AMMONITES BATESII. Showing the gradation from the angulated
whorls of the young state of this variety, to the rounded whorls
in the older shell. 132

10 a. Cross section of shell.
10 b. Septum

Fig. 11. A. StHHAEN&IS 133

11 a. Cross section of body whorl.
11 b. Septum.

CGTT oi/o

tf

(Cretaceous.)

W Ml Gait), del

Bowen& C° nth. Philada.

PLATE XXII.

PAOE

Fig. 12. AMMONITES JUGALIS, from the Martinez Group at Benicia. IBS

Ty fat \ 12 a. Cross section of body whorl.

12 b. Septum from same specimen.

Fig. 13 UVH Sf9- A specimen of;4b« oamc from Martinez

13 a. Front view of same.

Fig. 14. A. WHITNBTII. 134

14 a. Front view of the same.
14 b. Septum of the same.

(Cretaceous.)

Bowen& C° Tith. Phila da

PLATE XXIII.

PA8E

Fig. 15. AMMONITES FRATERNUS. 137

15 a. Cross 8ection of last yolution.

15 b. Septum.

Fig. 16. A. STOLICZKANUS. 135

16 a. Front view of the same.

I

Fig. 17. ' Septum of ANCYLOCERAS R£MONDII. 138

Fig. 18. ? ANCYLOCERAS LINEATUS. Side view of straight limb. 139

18 a. Dorsal view of same.

18 b. Cross section of same.

18 c. Septum.

(Cretaceous.)

"f 7

/Si.

J

I6a..

WM. Gabb, del

Bowen& C° Tith. Philada

PLATE XXIV.

PAOK

Fig. 19. ANCTLOCERAS PERCOSTATUS. 138

Two-fifths of natural size.

DI,D

(Cretaceous,)

WM.Gab"b, del

±) owen& C ° lith. Philad a.

PLATE XXV.

PAGE

Fig. 20. HELICANCYLUS ^QUICOSTATCS. Top view of the spiral. 141

20 a. Front view of the spiral.

20 6, c, d. Three views of the straight limb.

20 e. Side view of the largest limb.

20 /. Cross section of aperture.

20 g Septum.
Fig. 21. DIPTYCHOOERAS L^vis. 144

21 a. Cross section of the two smaller limbs, at the point of fracture of
the specimen.

21 b. Septum.

(Cretaceous.)

WM. G-aJo'b, del

B owen& C ° lith. Philad a

PLATE XXVI.

PASE

Fig. 22. Fusvs TUMIDUS. Magnified. 145

Fig. 23. F. OCCIDENTALS. Magnified. 146

Fig. 24. NEPTTJNEA (TRITOXOFUSUS) CRETACEA. 14G

Fig. 25. N. MUCRONATA. Natural size. 147

Fig. 26. PAL^EATRACTUS CRASSDS. Magnified. 148

Fig. 27. STTRCULA PR^EATTENUATA. Natural size. 150

Fig. 28, S. (StJRCULiTESj SINUATA. Natural size. 150

Fig. 29. S. (SURCULITES) INCONSPICUA. Magnified. 151

Fig. 30. HETEROTERMA TROCHOIDEA. Magnified. 152

30 a. Top view, showing the posterior sinus.

Fig. 31. BELA CLATHRATA. Magnified. 152

Fig. 32. CORDIERA MITR.EFORMIS. Magnified. 153

Fig. 33. TRITOKITJM CALIFORXICUM. Magnified. 154

Fig. 34. TRACHYTRITOH TEJONENSIS. Natural size. 154

Fig. 35. BRACHYSPHINQUS SINUATUS. Natural size. 156

Fig. 36. BULLIA (MoLOPOPHORUs) STRIATA. Magnified. 157

Fig. 37. TURBINELLA CRASsiTESTA. Natural size. 157

rf

(Cretareotis)

26*

I'.V

WM. G-ab"b, del

Bowen& C° Tith. Philada

On Stcne'byAJ.rbbot^on.

PLATE XXVII.

PAGE

Fig. 38. . UROSYCA CAUDATA. Natural size 159

Fig: 39. NEVERITA GLOBOSA. Magnified. 161

Fig. 40. AMPTTLLINA STRIATA. Magnified. 161

Fig. 41. TEREBRA CALIFORNICA. Magnified. 162

Fig. 42. PuGNELLUb HAMULXTS. Natural size. 162
Front view of an old and very heavily incrusted individual.

42 a. Lateral view of the same.

Fig. 43. CYPR^EA (LUPONIA) BAYERQUEI. Side view. 163

43 a. Top view.

43 b. View of the base.

43 c. A young specimen from Tojon.

Fig. 44. CYPR^EA (EPONA) MATHEWSONII. Magnified. Top view. 104

44 a. Side view.

44 b. View of the base.

Fig. 45. ANCHTTRA TRANSVKRSA. Magnified. 165

Fig. 47. HELICATJLAX BICARINATA. Natural size. 166

PA f uf'1 DITT DJ-D ra^^EL ,71

(Cretaceous.)

SI*

WM. Gabb, del

B owen& C ° lith. Philad a.

On Stxme"byAJ.Ibbot8<m.

PLATE XXVIIL

PAO«

Fig. 46. ? ANCHTJBA CARINIFERA. Magnified. 160

Fig. 48. HKLICAULAX COSTATA. Magnified. 167

Fig. 49. LOXOTREMA TUKRITA. Natural size. 168

Fig. 50. ATRESIUS LIRATUS. Magnified. 169

Fig. 51. TURRITELLA MARTiNEZENSis. Natural size. 169

Fig. 52. NERITA (THELIOSTYLA) TRIANGULATA. 170

Magnified view of the back.
52 a. Front view.

Fig. 53. CALLIOSTOMA RADIATTJM. Magnified. 170

Fig. 54. ATAPHRUS CRASSUS. Magnified. 171

Fig. 55. MARGARITELLA ANGULATA Magnified. 172

Fig. 56. ACMJSA TEJO.NENSIS. Magnified. 172

Fig. 57. ACT^OXINA PUPOIDES. Magnified. 173

Fig. 58. ACTJSONELLA OVIFORMTS. Natural size. 173

Fig. 59. LIOCIUM PUNCTATUM. Magnified. 174

Fig. 60. KINGINELLA POLITA. Magnified. 174

i \\ r , x (x

(Cretaceous)

J6.

, del

Bowen& C° Tith. Philada

On Stone "byAJ.Ibbots on.

PLATE XXIX.

MM

Fig. 61. SOLEN (HYPOGELLA) CUNEATUS. Natural size. 175

Pig. 62. CORBULA HORNII. Natural size. 176

62. Left valve.

62 a. Eight valve.

62 b. Anterior end.

Fig. 63. %2/^d^_ T&r AL^EFORMIS. Natural size. 177

Fig. 64. ANATINA QUADRATA. Natural size. 177

Fig. 65. * PHOLADOMYA OREGONENSIS. Natural size. 178

Fig. 66. PLEUROMTA PAPYRACEA. Natural size. 178

Fig. 67. ARCOMYA UNDULATA. Natural size. 179

Fig. C8. ? MACTRA TENTJISSIMA. Natural size. 179

Fig. 69. 69 a. Hinge of CYMBOPHORA ASHBURNERII. 180

69. Eight valve. 69 a. Left valve.

Fig. 70. ASAPHIS MULTICOSTATA. Magnified. 181

Fig. 71. TBLLIKA EEMONDII. Natural size. 182

Fig. 73. T. ^EQUALIS Natural size. 182

TT DM) [75','\15Jj ,T.i,

(Cretaceous.)

'PT.ATiRi

65

621

Cifi

WMGab"b, del

Bowen& C° Tith. Ehilada

PLATE XXX.

PAGE

Fig. 72. TKLLINA HOFFMANN IAN A. Natural size. 182

Fig. 74. ? T. UNDUXIFERA. Natural size. 183

Fig. 75. DONAX LATUS. Natural size. 183

Fig. 76. VENUS JEQUILATERALIS. Natural size. 184

Fig. 77. ? MERETRIX FRAOILIS. Natural size. 185

Fig. 78. M. HORNII. Natural size. 185

Fig. 79. CARYATIS NITIDA. Natural size. 186

Fig. 80. ? THETIS ELONGATA. Magnified. 186

80 a. End view.

Fig. 81. CARDIUM (LJEVICARDIUM) ANNULATTTM. Natural size. 187

Fig. 82. C (PROTOCARDITJM) TRANSLUCIDUM. Magnified. 187

Fig. 83. Section of ribs of CARDITA HORNII when perfect. 187

83 a. The same when weathered.

83 b. Section of ribs of C. PLANICOSTA for comparison.

Fig. 84. Hinge of CLISOCOLUS DTJBIUS. Eight valve. 189

Fig. 85. CRASSATELLA COMPACTA. Natural size. 190

Fig. 86. UNIO HUBBARDII. Natural size. 190

86 a. End view.

(Cretaceous.)

IPT^JTKSO.

W Ml G- abb, del

Bowen& eolith. Philada.

PLATE XXXI.

PAGK

Fig. 87. MYTILUS QUADRATUS. Natural size. 191

Fig. 88. MODIOLA MAJOR. A rather small specimen. 191

Fig 89. MKLKAGRINA AUTJQUA. Natural size. 192

Fig 90. INOCEKAMUS ELLIOTII. A cast. 193

90 a. Form of the ribs from the impressions in the matrix.

(Cretaceous.)

SI.

WM.GablD, del

Bowen& C° lith. Philada

PLATE XXXII.

PAGJE

Fig. 91. INOCERAMUS WHITNEYI. From a cast. 193

Fig. 92. AUCELLA PIOCHII. Anterior view. Natural size. 194

92 a. Back view of large valve.

92 b. Small valve of a smaller individual.

92 c. View of interior of the small valve of a young individual, about
twice natural size.

Fig. 93. PINNA BRKWKRII. Natural size. 195

Fig. 94. NTTCULA SOLITARIA. Magnified. 197

Fig. 95. Magnified view of the surface of PEUTKN TRASKII, from a speci
men from Vancouver Island. 198

flf fcfiff mm,

(Cretaceous.)

WMLG-ab^b, del

B owen& C ° Tith. Philad a

PLATE XXXIII.

PAGE

Fig. 96. PECTEN MARTINEZENISIS. Magnified. 198

Fig. 97. P. COMPLKXICOSTA. Natural size. 199

97 a. Magnified view of the surface.

Fig. 98. 98 a P. INTER- RADIATA. Natural size. 199

Fig. 99. NEITHKA ORANDICOSTA. Magnified. 200

99 a. Section of the ribs.

Fig. 100. LIMA SHASTAENSIS. Magnified. 201

Fig. 101. L. MULTIRADIATA. Natural size. 201

Fig. 102. ANOMIA VANCOUVERENSIS. Natural size. 202

Fig. 103 b, c, d. OSTREA IDRIAENSIS. Young. 203

uf

(CrtM areous.)

WMGabb, del

Bowen& C° lith. Philada

PLATE XXXIV

PAGE

Fig. 103. OSTREA IDRIAENSIS. Natural size. 203

103 a. Hinge of lower valve from a very large specimen.

Fig. 104. OSTREA APPRESSA. Natural size. 203

104 a. Hinge.

Fig. 105. KHYNCHONELLA WHITNEYI. Natural size. 204

105 a. Side view.

105 b. Outline of the ribs.

Fig. 106. ? SMILOTROCHUS CTTRTUS. Top view. 205

106 a. Longitudinal section.

(Cretaceous.)

103 CL..

ICfia.

105 h.

WM.Gab"b, del

B owen& C ° lith. Philad

PLATE XXXV.

PAGE

Fig. 1. ^ AMMONITES PEDERNALIS. Natural size. 258

1 a. Cross section showing the peculiar form of the dorsum.

Fig. 2. Fusus MEXICAXUS. Magnified. 259

Fig. 3. (/" LUNATIA PEDERNALIS. Natural size. 259

Fig. 4. I/ EUSPIRA TABULATA. Natural size. 260

Fig. 5. I/' CHEMNITZIA ZEBRA. Natural size. 260

Showing the colored markings on the surface.

Fig. 6. ^ TYLOSTOMA MUTABILIS. Natural size. 261

6 a. Magnified front view of a small specimen, showing the crenulated
outer lip.

6 b. Top view of the same.

6 c. Top view of an unusually large and rough specimen.

Fig. 7. \S ANCHURA MONILIFERA. Magnified. 262

Fig. g. CERITHIUM MEXICANUM. Magnified. 263

Fig. 9. ANGARIA CINGULATA. Natural size. 264

Fig. 10. 10 a. v CINULIA RECTILABRUM. Magnified. 264

(Cretaceous.)

WM.G-ab"b, del

Bowen& C° lith. Philada .

PLATE XXXVI.

PAQg

Fig. 11. UNDETERMINED. 276

Fig. 12. * PHOLADOMYA SONORENSIS. Slightly magnified. 265

Fig. 13. TAPES HILGARDI. Natural size. 265

Fig. 14. I/ CARDIUM (GRANOCARDITTM) SABULOSUM. Natural size. 267

Fig. 15. K^CARDIUM (PROTOCARDIUM) GRANULIFERUM. Natural size. 267

Fig. 16. V 1 CARDITA ALTICOSTA. Magnified. 268

Fig. 17. / REMONDIA FURCATA. Natural size. 270

17 a. Hinge of left valve.

Fig. 18. ]/ CUCULL^A INERMIS. Natural size. 271

18 a. End view of same.

Fig. 19. V EXOGYRA PLICATA. Natural size. 275

19 a. Edge view of same.