Z. ao 2 Z a SSE, 2=s so 28:8 SES 82 iit Ra > aa aia a ZY $8 = OBZ 5 ml 7 : i deal 4 GACT CHM RANG GA SNORT CATE VAN AAG Oe aU EN ABD TALE ALN TOS =e o* IUCN IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is a network of governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), scientists and other conservation experts, joined together to promote the protection and sustainable use of living resources. Founded in 1948, IUCN has more than 500 member organizations and NGOs in over 116 countries. Its six Commissions consist of more than 2000 experts on threatened species, protected areas, ecology, environmental planning, environmental policy, law and administration, and environmental education. IUCN monitors the status of ecosystems and species throughout the world; plans conservation action, both at strategic level through the World Conservation Strategy and at the programme level through its programme of conservation for sustainable development; promotes such action by governments, inter-governmental bodies and non-governmental organizations; and provides the assistance and advice necessary to achieve such action. The designations of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. IUCN-WWFE Plants Conservation Programme, Publication No. 2 Published by IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, U.K. Prepared with financial support from the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the United Nations Environment Programme. A contribution to GEMS - the Global Environment Monitoring System. CN am \ UN ry) — WWE Prepared at: Threatened Plants Unit, 53 The Green, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AA Copyright: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1988 ISBN No: 2-88032-941-8 Cover: Ceroxylon quindiuense from the Quindio Pass in Colombia, a palm now threatened by widespread forest destruction. Drawing by Edouard André in Le Tour du Monde (1878). Cover design by J C V Heywood. Printed by Chiltern 01-377 9752 THE PALMS OF THE NEW WORLD A CONSERVATION CENSUS Compiled by: J. Dransfield, D. Johnson and H. Synge John Dransfield is the Principal Scientific Officer in charge of palms at the Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and is the co-author of Genera Palmarum. He is also the present chairman of the Palm Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. Dennis Johnson is a geographer and economic botanist based in Washington and a specialist in Latin American palms. He is presently Deputy Chairman of the Palm Specialist Group. Hugh Synge is a freelance plant conservationist who was formerly Head of the Threatened Plants Unit of IUCN and is presently working for WWF as their Plants Programme Consultant. FOREWORD It gives me great satisfaction to introduce this conservation census of the palms of the New World. The palm family is one of major scientific and horticultural importance and provides a wide array of economically important products. It is one of the richest sources of under-exploited species and the focus of considerable research. Yet palms tend to be neglected in conservation and forest management plans, partly due to ignorance or lack of knowledge. It is to be hoped that this publication will help to redress the balance, at least for the New World species, and focus attention in conservation circles on this unique group of plants. This is the first published list for a family, or part of one, issued by TPU, and complements the regional threatened plant lists on which TPU established its reputation. Its compilation has been a very time-consuming task, and might seem hard to justify on purely conservation grounds, as it identifies only 278 threatened taxa out of 1102 taxa overall. The census may be more useful as a catalogue of the diversity of palms in the New World, than as a guide to the urgent rescue action of endangered species. On the other hand, whole populations of individual species are being eliminated by forest clearance before we are able to work out the total genetic variation of these species, such is the level of our ignorance. From IUCN’s point of view, however, the list is also important as a model of how taxonomically sound and up-to-date computerised checklists can be compiled for individual plant families. The need for such compilations of important plant families is becoming increasingly apparent in the absence of comprehensive floristic accounts for many countries. When Hugh Synge and John Dransfield started work on the palm census in the mid 1970s, the only computer available for this work at Kew was the Wang VS purchased for the work of the IUCN threatened species staff and so the data were fed into this system. The advent of the Personal Computer (PC) means that it is now possible for individual botanists to compile such databases themselves, as part of their everyday work. This has the advantage that the specialist can have the database at the fingertips for his or her own use, rather than be dependent on TPU for answering enquiries and providing printouts. A PC with a hard disk of 20 megabytes or more could well handle a database on a family of 2000 species or so. IUCN would welcome hearing from botanists in a position to prepare family checklists, especially for families of economic or horticultural importance, so that forms of collaboration with TPU and other parts of the Plants Programme can be worked out together. We would hope that botanists with such family databases would be prepared to allow TPU access, say once a year, so that the data can be fully used for plant conservation. The importance of maintaining the TPU database, as a global overview, up to date and as complete as possible, is shown by the key role it played in the establishment of the Joint IUCN-WWF Plants Conservation Programme. This programme combines the various elements needed to make a comprehensive plant conservation plan and information system, together with logistic support, institutional links, specialist networks, methodological support and field work. Finally, it is a pleasure to thank the authors of this Census for their hard work, enthusiasm and specialist skills which have combined to produce this excellent work. It is to be hoped that it will serve as a model and stimulus for similar enterprises. December 1987 Professor Vernon Heywood Head of P!ant Conservation IUCN ili Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge http://www. archive.org/details/palmsofnewworldc88dran INTRODUCTION Work on this census of palms started in the mid 1970s, when two of the authors, J. Dransfield and H. Synge, started to assemble data on individual palm species under threat, as a contribution to the emerging IUCN datafile on threatened plants of the world. This work was greatly stimulated by H.E. Moore’s masterly paper (1977) on endangerment in palms. It soon became clear that a full checklist of the family was needed to evaluate the conservation needs of individual species and to assign priorities for conservation action. After initial work on lists of palms for S.E. Asian countries, staff working for IUCN’s Threatened Plants Committee Secretariat made a card index of all the palms in S.F. Glassman’s "A Revision of B.E. Dahlgren’s Index of American Palms". This was put onto the IUCN computer. Lists were then printed out of all the palms in each country and circulated for comment. In particular, recipients were asked to assign IUCN conservation categories (the Red Data Book categories) to individual species where they had field knowledge of present wild Status in the wild. Many categories were assigned by H.E. Moore, in March 1980, and since then contributions have been made by E. Pingitore (Argentina), A. Borhidi (for Cuba) and R.W. Read (for the Caribbean), among others. The results were incorporated into the IUCN database and made available as required. Since 1983 this database has been the responsibility of the IUCN Threatened Plants Unit, a part of the IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre and since 1987 a component of the Joint IUCN-WWF Plants Conservation Programme. As part of the Plants Programme, in 1985 WWF-US funded a one-year project on the status of palms in the Americas, entitled "Economic Botany and Threatened Species of the Palm Family in Latin America and the Caribbean" (WWF 3322). It was carried out by Dr Dennis V. Johnson, in collaboration with Dr Robert W. Read and Dr Michael J. Balick. It had two main objectives: a) To assess the current utilization of wild, semi-managed and cultivated native palms in Latin America and the Caribbean; and b) To conduct research on the in situ and ex Situ conservation status of the palms of the same region. The results of the first part are outlined in the next chapter and the results of the second are summarised below. To assess the present conservation status of threatened palms in the region was a large undertaking, since nearly half of the estimated 2700 palm species of the world are native to the American tropics. It would have been impossible in the time available to examine every palm that had been assigned a threatened category in the TPU database, let alone every species in the region. It was decided to limit the project to those palms that had been recorded as Extinct or Endangered on a world basis. The final report contained details on 46 Endangered palms and 2 Extinct palms, and added a further five species as Endangered. The full report of the project was prepared by D. Johnson in September 1986 and its results incorporated into the TPU database in early 1987. The report also included a very useful list of the palms of the Dominican Republic and Haiti (by T.A. Zanoni), and a preliminary checklist of Ecuadorian palms (by H. Balslev), which added many new records, as well as contributions on the palms of Mexico (H.J. Quero), Caribbean and Central America (R.W. Read), Colombia (R.G. Bernal) and Bolivia (S.G. Beck). As part of the general work of the Threatened Plants Unit, the authors have also screened the relatively few threatened plant lists for the region, such as that of Vovides (1981) for Mexico. A number of categories were also assigned as part of IUCN’s project to compile a threatened plant list for Middle America (Mexico to Panama), being carried out by Jane Lamlein Villa-Lobos at the Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution. D. Johnson negotiated agreement on the conservation and taxonomic status of the U.S.A. palms, with The Nature Conservancy, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Center for Plant Conservation (Boston); these three bodies all have substantive databases on North American threatened plants. In 1986-7, also, Dr A. Borhidi kindly assigned categories for all the Cuban palms, following his threatened plant list for the island (with O. Muniz, 1983) and his taxonomic checklist of the Cuban palms (Muniz and Borhidi, 1982). Wherever possible. the authors have followed recent revisions of genera, e.g. Read (1975) on Thrinax, and Quero and Read (1986) on Gaussia. In late 1987, H. Synge made a final screening of the recently completed "Index Kewensis" from 1975 to 1986 to check for any new names. J. Dransfield refined the taxonomy, bringing the genera on the list into line with Genera Palmarum (Uhl and Dransfield, 1987). The list was then printed out from the TPU database on 4 January 1988. Regretfully, a full record was not maintained of all the works screened and consulted, but all those that provided new names or new area records, within the constraints of the TPU data-sourcing system, are listed as data sources at the end of the list. In conclusion, we would like to acknowledge the extent to which the task of compiling this census has been eased by the use of S.F. Glassman’s "A Revision of B.E. Dahlgren’s Index of American Palms" (Glassman, 1972). This provided a much valued starting point, from which the "Index Kewensis" and the "Kew Record of Taxonomic Literature" could be used as a source of additional names and references. From these works, we were able to build up a preliminary census which could then be refined, taxonomically, nomenclaturally and geographically. We are nevertheless well aware that many taxa on our list are in need of critical taxonomic reappraisal. In some instances, e.g. Acrocomia and Iriartea, critical taxonomic studies by other workers have progressed far enough for us to know that there are too many names in the census, but insufficiently far for us to be able to make use of their conclusions. Nevertheless, by means of the database, the list can be kept permanenently up-to-date. We would, therefore, cordially invite our colleagues in palm botany to let us know of any changes that should be made and perhaps to spare us reprints of papers on the taxonomy, distribution and conservation status of New World palms. In return, the TPU will be happy to consider making printouts available to bona-fide field workers and conservationists, either for an individual genus or for a country in the region. For details, please write to the Threatened Plants Unit, 53 The Green, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AA, U.K., or to Dr J. Dransfield, The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, U.K. vi ECONOMIC BOTANY OF NEW WORLD PALMS Palm utilization represented one of the two major foci of the WWF-US project on the status of palms in the Americas. An unexpected side-effect of the rapid forest clearing taking place throughout the New World tropics is the impact on local inhabitants who rely upon forests for palm products, among a considerable number of others. The investigation set out to document, through published accounts, personal knowledge and rapid field surveys, the extent to which such local populations - indigenous or not - exploited wild stands of palms for their own subsistence needs, as well as for commercial products such as oilseeds, fiber, fruit and palm hearts. A major task in this undertaking was to ascertain the correct scientific identity of the palms being exploited. In addition, data were gathered on wild palms under incipient stages of management or domestication to identify more accurately those species having potential for modern forest management or tree crop development. One important conclusion is that current patterns of utilization by local people per se do not significantly threaten wild palm populations. Forest loss from clearing land for agriculture, from mining, hydroelectricity or urbanization, poses by far the chief threat. Seven geographic areas of known high palm exploitation were selected for study: Mexico, the Caribbean and Central America, Hispaniola, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil. In the case of first three areas, the studies were on palm species in general over the region. In South America, investigations were focused on specific regions within the countries; these regions were the Colombian Pacific Region, the Peruvian Amazon centered on Iquitos, two regions in eastern lowland Bolivia, and three regions in Brazil: the Lower Amazon, the babacu palm forest in the Northeast, and the piacava palm forest of the East Coast. Six palm _ specialists collaborated in this research. Results of the study were analyzed and an Action Plan written containing five major recommendations. This plan was presented to WWF-US, who are funding a follow-up project on its implementation. Recommendation | deals with international trade of ornamental palms, and suggests that a study to be done to determine the amount of trade in entire live plants and leaves of the genus Chamaedorea originating from Mexico and Central America. The project clearly showed that the nursery trade is threatening species of this genus in the wild. The second recommendation addresses the subject of palm forest management. Because palms are not regarded as timber species they are generally disregarded by foresters. New World tropical palms represent an unrecognized and under-developed renewable natural resource. An accurate, country-by-country survey was called for to calculate the quantity and value of wild palm products, as an initial step toward integration of palms into tropical forest management plans. Recommendation 3 concerns under-developed promising palm species. It states that further studies need to be carried out to bring potentially valuable commercial species under improved management systems, into cultivation and eventual full domestication. Oilseed palms and species exploited for palm hearts are obvious candidates. Recommendation 4 focuses on the lack of detailed information on the ethnobotany of palms among indigenous peoples, and urges that further studies be carried out. Fast disappearing cultural groups possess valuable ethnobiological information, as well as knowledge of forest resource utilization; both are of potential utility to present and future generations. Vii The final recommendation is concerned with general awareness about palm utility. It suggests that palm specialists devote more time and energy to publicizing palm utility among fellow professionals, conservationists and educators. CONCLUSION As shown on pp. 27-28, the list contains 1102 taxa of which 278 are threatened. Of these 278 threatened taxa, | is Extinct/Endangered, 51 are Endangered, 2 are Endangered/Vulnerable, 716 are Vulnerable, 50 are Rare and 98 are Indeterminate. (At species level, the figures are | Extinct/Endangered, 50 Endangered, 2 Endangered/Vulnerable, 72 Vulnerable, 48 Rare and 97 Indeterminate.) We regard these figures as under-estimating the threat to palms, because the status is unknown (unassigned) for over half of them (643 taxa). Therefore, the true number of palms in some danger is likely to be much higher. Also, assessment of threatened status refers to the survival of the taxon, and does not measure genetic erosion or decline, which can have very severe effects on economic potential. We are also very much aware of the inadequacies of the list. Many genera are in urgent need of revision and the distribution of many taxa is poorly known. However, it should be regarded as a working list for conservation purposes which will continue to be refined. Already, its use has stimulated inputs from palm enthusiasts and specialists. What is now urgently required is follow-up action, particularly in the field to relocate palms identified as being possibly under threat, to verify their conservation status and make practical suggestions as to how they may be conserved. The project to follow up the action plan, funded by WWF-US (July 1987 - June 1988), is dealing with the most critical palm conservation needs. In this way the stage will be set for action at the national level with local organizations taking the lead. Investigations in the New World have spawned interest in palm conservation in Asia. WWE- International has approved a two-year project (1987-88) focused on Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and possibly India. Sub-projects have been designed in the respective countries. The project is being directed by Dr Dennis V. Johnson and Dr John Dransfield. Results so far in the New World have contributed significant new data and refined our knowledge of the conservation status of the Palmae. For millenia, this unique and useful plant family has provided us with necessities of life, as well as with ornamental species of great beauty. Today palms need the favour returned so that they may continue to survive and contribute to the support and enjoyment of mankind. viii EXPLANATION OF THE LIST The list is a printout from the TPU database (file THRPLANT) using the PLANTSEL selection program and the PLTMREP formatting programme. With the exception of the footnote on page 1, it has not been edited as text. Some notes are given below on the values of each field and on interpretation of the format. Geographical Coverage The list covers all palms that are native to the New World. The term "New World" is interpreted here to cover the TPU regions of North America (Canada, conterminous United States with Alaska), Middle America (Mexico to Panama), Caribbean (including Bermuda), and South America. To this we added the following islands with native palms from the TPU Pacific region - Guadelupe (Mexico), Juan Fernandez and Isla del Coco (Costa Rica). Plant Names The list provides a nomenclaturally correct, accepted scientific plant name for each taxon, as far as can be determined. Subspecies and varieties have been included where they are distinct in the view of the authors, but have otherwise been omitted; coverage here is not entirely consistent, but the percentage of new world palms described below species level is low. Quadrinomials are not permitted by the TPU system, since under the Nomenclatural Code every combination of Genus, Species and lowest infraspecific name must be unique. New species are included either in the form of the Genus followed by the term "sp. nov." or by the name in press, the authority being followed by the term "ined.". Where it has been decided to include a taxon in synonymy under another, but the new synonymy has not yet been published, the first name is omitted from the list. Cultivated and introduced species are not included. Authorities are abbreviated in accordance with the Draft Kew Author Index (1980). Natural hybrids are excluded from the TPU database as a matter of policy. Nevertheless, they represent taxa that provide valuable taxonomic insights into problematic species as well as genera. Appendix 1, by Michael J. Balick, lists the interspecific and intergeneric hybrids so far identified. Distribution The distribution of each taxon in each of the 600 CMC areas follows in the middle columns. These areas are normally countries or islands, but can be states in the case of federal countries such as the United States, Mexico and Brazil. For reasons of space, the area names are 15 letters or less, and therefore may not accord to the proper and full names of the countries concerned. Each area record refers to the definite occurrence of the taxon in the area. Predicted occurrences are omitted. A question mark preceding the area name means that that record is a doubtful one. ix In some cases, the area names are followed by a geographical qualifier, placed in brackets. This is a short piece of free text to qualify the distribution given. Area conservation category The area, with or without geographical qualifier, is followed by the IUCN conservation category for the degree of threat to the survival of the taxon in that area. The categories are defined on page xiii, below. A booklet on their application, with examples, is available from the TPU. Note that the category refers to the status of wild and naturalised populations, and does not take account of cultivated populations. Area data source The area category is followed in most cases by the area data source. This is a number which indicates the source for the record of the plant’s occurrence in that area. There is an index of the data sources used at the end of the report, taken from the TPU’s bibliographic datafile. Note that the area data source refers to the presence of the taxon in the area; it does not refer to the conservation category for its status there; the data sources for conservation categories are not indicated in this report, since they are covered in a separate TPU database which permits multiple, conflicting values to be held for any plant in any area. A comma separates the information about each area. Column 1: Regional Conservation Category The IUCN conservation status for the degree of threat to the taxon in the TPU region concerned, in this case North America, Middle America, Caribbean, South America, Pacific, South Atlantic, as outlined above. Column 2: World Conservation Category The IUCN conservation status as applied to the plant at a world level. Column 3: The data source for the plant name The source of the plant name. This is not necessarily the best source for data on the plant, but simply the one from which the compiler took the name, including its taxonomic status, spelling and authority. Column 4: The distribution completeness flag This indicates whether or not the distribution of the plant given is complete or not. Key: Y: Distribution complete; N: Distribution incomplete; ?: Not known whether distribution complete; Space: Taxon confined to one CMC area. Notes on Data Sources The data sourcing system was developed by TPU in 1985-6 and is being widely applied to clusters of fields throughout the database to indicate the source of the data. TPU commend it to those designing databases that provide an overview of other, more extensive information, in this case in the literature. In each case a single number refers to an entry in the TPU bibliographic file (CCAL). There are times when a single number is not sufficient, and here TPU have developed a complex set of rules for application. Only the two most common situations are explained here: Multiple data sources. If each source is more or less equally reliable and each gives all the data needed, the data source is the one first used by TPU. Only if a newer reference is much more reliable does it replace the original datasource. If more than two references are needed to provide the data in the field, the code 9997 (multiple data sources) is used. Name changes. The TPU database does not yet have the facility to store synonyms, awaiting final decisions on the Minimal Functional Nomenclator to be made by the Taxonomic Databases Working Group. When a name is changed from one value to another in the database, the name data source is replaced by 9996 (code for name change), but the area record data sources do not change, and can remain records which used the previous plant name. Therefore a paper screened for name changes may have been screened by TPU and used in the report, but will not appear in the list of data sources. This flaw will be corrected when a synonym facility is added to the TPU database. xi if ~ ( 8 i Ym . 1 PT x au sd oo 7 ~ * ' ? y S¢ 7 . 4 = any 9 ‘ 7 J *\ . ' 7 “a y - oe yi? * = e) “ Tie wei j i j ae) P : ~ J Tier et Ry Oy Sb Pig. Bly sib tie 1c » @ te oJ s« - “ be yf oa n ie Pine bana 41° % My Sa Ale @ ;: pu ae! me le hah ; : a iavVir @ ie 7 r' Cia) eek te wi ld & Ula Gly tet b eon woe er ‘ ogy ¥ i” ¥ tips 4 @ i P x Wl ” es, ° a] Wy ds Sthiibe irae eve } Vira 945 ' 7 =e Comb. sia oo ~ as ale 0, tie “ HO Re Oe 0 le Ah TS , ‘heer ale = .- ei BAMA oa. i a ca ee - ik iat bits DEFINITIONS OF THE IUCN CONSERVATION (RED DATA BOOK) CATEGORIES A. THREATENED CATEGORIES Extinct (Ex) Taxa which are no longer known to exist in the wild after repeated searches of their type localities and other known or likely places. Endangered (E) Taxa in danger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if the causal factors continue operating. Included are taxa whose numbers have been reduced to a critical level or whose habitats have been so drastically reduced that they are deemed to be in immediate danger of extinction. Vulnerable (V ) Taxa believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue operating. Included are taxa of which most or all the populations are decreasing because of over-exploitation, extensive destruction of habitat or other environmental disturbance; taxa with populations that have been seriously depleted and whose ultimate security is not yet assured; and taxa with populations that are still abundant but are under threat from serious adverse factors throughout their range. Rare (R) Taxa with small world populations that are not at present Endangered or Vulnerable, but are at risk. These taxa are usually localized within restricted geographical areas or habitats or are thinly scattered over a more extensive range. Indeterminate (I) Taxa known to be Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable or Rare but where there is not enough information to say which of the four categories is appropriate. B. UNKNOWN CATEGORIES Status Unknown (?) No information. Candidate (C) Taxa whose status is being assessed and which are suspected but not yet definitely known to belong to any of the above categories. xili Insuf ficiently known (K) Taxa that are suspected but not definitely known to belong to any of the above categories, following assessment, because of the lack of information. C. NOT THREATENED CATEGORY Safe (nt) Neither rare nor threatened. NOTES Ne Some combinations are permitted, falling into two series. Within the threatened categories, the following combinations are permitted, signifying that the plant is definitely in one or the other of the two categories concerned: Extinct/Endangered EX/E Endangered/Vulnerable E/V Endangered/Rare E/R Vulnerable/Rare V/R Between the threatened categories and the safe (not threatened) category, the following signify that the plant is on the borderline between the two categories concerned: Vulnerable/not threatened V/nt Rare/not threatened R/nt It does not signify that the plant could be anywhere on the scale encompassed by those categories; if that was the case, the category Unknown should be used. V/nt may, however, be used for plants threatened in a major part of their range, but safe elsewhere. XiV REFERENCES ( for Introductory section) Borhidi, A. and Muniz, O. (1983). Catalogo de Plantas Cubanas Amenazadas o Extinguidas. Edit. Academia. 85p. Glassman, S.F. (1972). A Revision of B.E. Dahlgren’s Index of American Palms. Phanerogamarum Monographiae Tomus VI, Cramer, 3301 Lehre. 294p. Johnson, D.V., with Read, R.W., Balick, M.J. (1986). Economic botany and threatened species of the palm family in Latin America and the Caribbean. Part 1: Economic Botany of the Palm Family on Latin America and the Caribbean. Part 2. The status of threatened species of the palm family in Latin America and the Caribbean. Mimeo. 30 September 1986. Final report on WWE 3322. Moore, H.E., jr (1979). Endangerment at the specific and generic levels in palms. _Principes 23(2): 47-64. Reprinted from Prance and Elias, eds, 1977. Muniz, O. and Borhidi, A. (1982). Catalogo de las palmas de Cuba. Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 28(3-4): 309-345. Quero, H.J. and Read, R.W. (1986). A revision of the palm genus Gaussia. Syst. Bot., 11(1): 145-154. Read, R.W. (1975). The genus Thrinax (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Smithson. Contr. Bot., No. 19. 98p. Uhl, N.W. and Dransfield, J. (1987). Genera Palmarum, a classification of palms based on the work of H.E. Moore, Jr. L.H.Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society, Allen Press, Kansas, U.S.A. Vovides, A.P. (1981). Lista preliminar de plantas Mexicanas raras o en peligro de extincion. Biotico 6(2): 219-228. XV Ih ‘nepal, ome viel un 3 a ee Ti “y lt ae ey) CVU ARE. ry ny 7 ox... & oo a@ F a lebinn beets, Ss ewes aah ow ’ mid ime 5 wien? fun ie ‘ : , act .dlelesAg a > i *, : a qs at wie «he me | oh ty GAT eee rom £0) se. ’ a : _" (i ap air f wes TV qui ? om *Gr4okoM nies aires 7 wy & ; ay ma See Foe At (eee iumiiows / wel) De cell. ee Maid shear Mee > Vea tee’ &aingno 1 Wg gettive ables wind stele lati OP naa senleet! Ww coiete we © ot ie > es Peery i CORT BOOY Abt. ineinee (Een, anette? ait oooh altel Dae’ praiwks ase =i y 7 “a ee Gai arert « 20 : aa , a = phy: RAleier hq Ere Pe ee eer ee 7 ea ta 64 . = Tipe! \e—! iis a 2 an auf, jh ject oand he, adr tui; = nese Sie A. eee ton on i, Ae ee oe | ee... ; ae) ed = ieee 4) ig ae a. a, Py (ws Aart i Se beet sey onl” (ZEEE wt oe ie ys ee a ag 7 = 5 i.e. 3 © mrp the eet nals, eae Pi weds 6% sate ‘tant f oe gp wep eee hertadl 4.5 ot: an a ger veencd: = a= wt) apne sit a Pe oe a a es if ; se Tg? ibe gh loan 2 " oe eat ated, ot rghit ous. 4) - = ‘ - ¢ — —— | 7 -— oss = ail 4 January 1988 Plant name ANGIOSPERMAE PALMAE * See Acoelorrhaphe wrightii H.Wendl. ex Becc. Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.f.) Lodd. ex Mart. Acrocomia antioquiensis Posada-Arango Acrocomia chunta Covas & Ragon. Acrocomia eriocantha Barb. Rodr. Acrocomia glaucophylla Drude Acrocomia ierensis L.H.Bailey Acrocomia intumescens Drude Acrocomia lasiospatha Mart. Acrocomia media 0.F.Cook Acrocomia mexicana Karw. ex Mart. Acrocomia microcarpa Barb. Rodr. Acrocomia mokayayba Barb. Rodr. Acrocomia odorata Barb. Rodr. Acrocomia panamensis L.H.Bailey Acrocomia pilosa Leon Acrocomia quisqueyana L.H.Bailey Acrocomia spinosa (Miller) H.E.Moore Acrocomia subinermis Leon ex L.H.Bailey Acrocomia totai Martius Acrocomia ulei Dammer Acrocomia viegasii L.H.Bailey Acrocomia vinifera Oersted Acrocomia wallaceana (Drude) Becc. Acrocomia sp. (= Acanthococos (a) emensis Toledo) Acrocomia sp. (= Acanthococos (b) hassleri Barb. Rodr.) Acrocomia sp. (= Acanthococos (c) sericea Burret) Aiphanes acanthophylla (Mart.) Burret Aiphanes acaulis Galeano & R.Bernal Aiphanes aculeata Willd. Aiphanes caryotifolia (H.B. & K.) H.Wendl. Aiphanes concinna H.E.Moore Aiphanes deltoidea Burret Aiphanes disticha (Wallis ex Regel) Burret Aiphanes duquei Burret Aiphanes echinocarpa Dugand Aiphanes eggersii Burret Aiphanes erinacea (Karsten) H.Wendl. Aiphanes ernestii Burret Aiphanes fosteriorum H.E.Moore Aiphanes fuscopubens L.H.Bailey Aiphanes gelatinosa H.E.Moore Aiphanes gracilis Burret Aiphanes hirsuta Burret Aiphanes kalbreyeri Burret Aiphanes killipii (Burret) Burret Aiphanes leiospatha Burret Aiphanes leiostachys Burret PALMS OF THE NEW WORLD Distribution (Cons. status) (Data-source) Bahamas I (8766), Cuba (IP; PR; M; CA) nt (9774), Florida (south) nt (8766), Belize ? (9998), Guatemala ? (9998), Honduras ? (8020), Mexico ? (8020) Antigua/Barbuda (only Antigua) ? (8767), 7? Barbados ? (8767), Dominica ? (8767), Grenada ? (8767), Guadeloupe (incl. Marie Galante) ? (8767), Martinique ? (8767), St Kitts-Nevis (only St Kitts) ? (8767), St Lucia ? (8767), St Vincent ? (8767) Colombia nt (8020) Argentina E (8020), Bolivia nt (8743) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil (Atlantic forest) ? (8743) Trinidad/Tobago ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) French Guiana (open coastal savannas) V (8020), Guyana ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Puerto Rico nt (8020) Belize ? (8020), Guatemala ? (8020), Honduras ? (8020), Mexico ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Paraguay ? (8774) Brazil ? (8020) Panama ? (8020) Cuba (Guantanamo) R (9774) Dominican Rep. R (5642), Haiti (Port-de-Paix & nr Duchity) ? (10874) Jamaica nt (8020) Cuba (Ciud. Habana) I (5607) Argentina E (8020), Bolivia ? (8020), Paraguay ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil (Atlantic forest) ? (8743) Costa Rica nt (8020), El Salvador ? (8020), Nicaragua ? (8020), Panama ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Sao Paulo (Brazilian Highlands) E (8020) Paraguay ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Puerto Rico R (8020) Colombia (Choco, 2 populations) ? (10741) Venezuela ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020), Ecuador ? (8020), Peru ? (8020), Venezuela ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Peru ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Ecuador ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Peru ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Panama I (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Peru ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) end for explanation of Fields labelled 1 to 4 nt nt CRON MOEN MES MTC MMS MCCS MTC HENS T) nt nt QVVWVWVW VV VV VV Page 1 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 9244 8020 8020 5607 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 9995 9995 9995 8020 10741 8020 9997 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 According to Lleras and Coradin (pers. comm.), except for the species previously included in Acanthococos, all taxa in Acrocomia represent variants of one widespread taxon, A. aculeata. 4 January 1988 Plant name PALMAE (Cont. ) Aiphanes lindeniana (H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. Aiphanes linearis Burret Aiphanes luciana L.H.Bailey Aiphanes macroloba Burret Aiphanes monostachys Burret Aiphanes orinocensis Burret Aiphanes pachyclada Burret Aiphanes parvifolia Burret Aiphanes praemorsa (Poeppig ex Mart.) Burret Aiphanes schultzeana Burret Aiphanes simplex Burret Aiphanes sp.A (Barbados) Aiphanes sp.B (Grenada) Aiphanes tessmannii Burret Aiphanes truncata (Brongn. ex Mart.) H.Wendl. Aiphanes ulei (Dammer) Burret Aiphanes vincentiana L.H.Bailey Aiphanes weberbaueri Burret Allagoptera anisitsii (Barb. Rodr.) H.E.Moore Allagoptera arenaria (Gomes) Kuntze Allagoptera campestris (Mart.) Kuntze Allagoptera hassleriana (Barb. Rodr.) H.E.Moore Allagoptera leucocalyx (Drude) Kuntze Ammandra decasperma 0.F.Cook Asterogyne martiana (H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. ex Hemsley Asterogyne ramosa (H.E.Moore) J.G.W.Boer Asterogyne spicata (H.E.Moore) J.G.W.Boer Astrocaryum acaule Mart. Astrocaryum aculeatissimum (Schott) Burret Astrocaryum aculeatum G.Meyer Astrocaryum alatum H.F.Loomis Astrocaryum burity Barb. Rodr. Astrocaryum campestre Mart. Astrocaryum caudescens Barb. Rodr. Astrocaryum chambira Burret Astrocaryum chonta Mart. Astrocaryum confertum H.Wendl. ex Burret Astrocaryum cuatrecasanum Dugand Astrocaryum echinatum Barb. Rodr. Astrocaryum giganteum Barb. Rodr. Astrocaryum gymnopus Burret Astrocaryum gynacanthum Mart. Astrocaryum horridum Barb. Rodr. Astrocaryum huaimi Mart. Astrocaryum huebneri Burret Astrocaryum huicungo Dammer ex Burret Astrocaryum jauari Mart. Astrocaryum javarense (Trail) Trail ex Drude Astrocaryum kewense Barb. Rodr. Astrocaryum leiospatha Barb. Rodr. PALMS OF THE NEW WORLD Distribution (Cons. status) (Data-source) Colombia ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Dominica I (8767), St Lucia I (8767) Colombia ? (8020), Ecuador ? (9000) Colombia ? (8020) Venezuela V (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Peru ? (8020) Ecuador ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Barbados R (8776) Grenada R (8775) Peru ? (8020) Bolivia ? (8020) Peru ? (8020) St Vincent I (8020) Peru ? (8020) Paraguay ? (8020) Brazil (Atlantic forest) V (8743) Brazil nt (8020) Paraguay ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Colombia (Costa del Pacific) V (8743), Ecuador ? (9000) Belize ? (9998), Costa Rica ? (9998), Guatemala ? (9998), Honduras ? (9998), Mexico ? (8020), Nicaragua ? (9998), Panama ? (9998) Colombia ? (8020) Venezuela R (8020) Venezuela R (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Trinidad/Tobago ? (8020), Brazil ? (8020), Guyana ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Costa Rica K (8020), Panama K (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Ecuador ? (9000), Peru ? (8020) Bolivia ? (8020), Peru ? (8020) Costa Rica ? (8020), Panama ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Venezuela ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Bolivia ? (8020), Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Peru nt (8020) Brazil nt (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Ecuador ? (9000), Guyana ? (8020), Peru ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) See end for explanation of Fields labelled 1 to 4 — yun away yvvuvnen vey _ Pn mere mare ) ee) sBovvyvvyvvynvnvN NY ct ct Nvunnanvs yvuyvuvncnvve sy NVA ee) BSBoNvvvyvvyuvv VY tet ~ 4 January 1988 Plant name PALMAE (Cont.) Astrocaryum macrocalyx Burret Astrocaryum macrocarpum Huber Astrocaryum malybo Karsten Astrocaryum manaoense Barb. Rodr. Astrocaryum mexicanum Liebm. ex Mart. Astrocaryum munbaca Mart. Astrocaryum murumuru Mart. Astrocaryum paramaca Mart. Astrocaryum pygmaeum Drude Astrocaryum rodriguesii Trail Astrocaryum sciophilum (Miq.) Pulle Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey Astrocaryum trachycarpum Burret Astrocaryum ulei Burret Astrocaryum urostachys Burret Astrocaryum vulgare Mart. Astrocaryum weddellii Drude Astrocaryum yauaperyense Barb. Rodr. Attalea allenii H.E.Moore ex L.H.Bailey Attalea amygdalina H.B. & K. Attalea apoda Burret Attalea attaleoides (Barb. Rodr.) J.G.W.Boer Attalea borgesiana Bondar Attalea burretiana Bondar Attalea camposportoana Burret Attalea colenda Balslev & A.Henderson Attalea compta Mart. Attalea concentrista Bondar Attalea concinna (Barb. Rodr.) Burret Attalea dahlgreniana (Bondar) J.G.W.Boer Attalea dubia (Mart.) Burret Attalea exigua Drude Attalea ferruginea Burret Attalea funifera Mart. ex Sprengel Attalea geraensis Barb. Rodr. Attalea guaranitica Barb. Rodr. Attalea hoehnei Burret Attalea humilis Mart. ex Sprengel Attalea lapidea (Gaertn.) Burret Attalea monosperma Barb. Rodr. Attalea nucifera Karsten Attalea oleifera Barb. Rodr. Attalea pindobassu Bondar Attalea rhynchocarpa Burret Attalea septuagenata Dugand Attalea tessmannii Burret Attalea uberrima Dugand Attalea victoriana Dugand Bactris acanthocarpa Mart. Bactris acanthocarpoides Barb. Rodr. Bactris acanthospatha (Trail) Trail ex Drude Bactris actinoneura Drude & Trail ex Drude Bactris acuminata Liebm. ex Mart. Bactris alleniana L.H.Bailey PALMS OF THE NEW WORLD Distribution (Cons. status) (Data-source) Colombia ? (8020), Peru ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Belize ? (8020), Guatemala ? (8020), Honduras ? (8020), Mexico ? (8020) Brazil nt (8020), Suriname nt (8020) Brazil nt (8020), Ecuador ? (9000) Brazil nt (8020), French Guiana ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), French Guiana nt (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Costa Rica V (8020), Panama V (8020) Colombia V (8020), Ecuador ? (9000) Ecuador ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Ecuador ? (8020) Brazil nt (8020), French Guiana ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Panama K (8020), Colombia K (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Brazil (Atlantic forest) V (8743) Bahia (Reconcavo) E (8743) Brazil ? (8020) Colombia (Narino) ? (10746), Ecuador (western Andean slopes) ? (10746) Brazil (Atlantic forest) ? (8743) Bahia R (8743) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Brazil (Atlantic forest) ? (8743) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Venezuela ? (8020) Brazil nt (8020) Brazil (Atlantic forest) ? (8743) Paraguay (Atlantic forest) ? (8743) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil (Atlantic forest) ? (8743) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Bahia nt (8743) Colombia ? (8020) Colombia (Amazon) E (8743) Peru (Amazon) E (8743) Colombia ? (8020) Colombia (Cordillera Occ. & Central) E (8743) Brazil (Atlantic forest) ? (8743), 2 Venezuela ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), French Guiana nt (8020), Guyana ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Peru ? (8020) Mexico ? (8020) Panama I (8020) See end for explanation of Fields labelled 1 to 4 vu wns yun ov SP LTE SE TSP SII I vu wnny yn ct YMNIMmMNVIVNNYVN VN VND toa 4 January 1988 Plant name PALMAE (Cont.) Bactris amoena Burret Bactris angustifolia Dammer Bactris anisitsii Barb. Rodr. Bactris aristata Mart. Bactris armata Barb. Rodr. Bactris arundinacea (Trail) Drude Bactris atrox Burret Bactris aubletiana Trail Bactris augustinea L.H.Bailey Bactris aureodrupa L.H.Bailey Bactris baculifera Karw. ex Mart. Bactris baileyana H.E.Moore ex L.H.Bailey Bactris balanoidea (Oersted) H.Wendl. Bactris balanophora Spruce Bactris barronis L.H.Bailey Bactris bella Burret Bactris bergantina Steyerm. Bactris bicuspidata Spruce Bactris bidentula Spruce Bactris bifida Mart. Bactris bijugata Burret Bactris bradei Burret Bactris campestris Poeppig ex Mart. Bactris capillacea (Trail) Trail ex Drude Bactris capinensis Huber Bactris caribaea Karsten Bactris caryotaefolia Mart. Bactris caudata H.Wendl. ex Hemsley Bactris chaetochlamys Burret Bactris chaetospatha Mart. Bactris chapadensis Barb. Rodr. Bactris chloracantha Poeppig ex Mart. Bactris chlorocarpa Burret Bactris ciliata (Ruiz & Pavon) Mart. Bactris circularis L.H.Bailey Bactris coccinea Barb. Rodr. Bactris coloniata L.H.Bailey Bactris coloradonis L.H.Bailey Bactris concinna Mart. ssp. concinna Bactris concinna Mart. ssp. depauperata Trail Bactris confluens Linden & H.Wendl. ex H.Wendl. Bactris constanciae Barb. Rodr. Bactris corossilla Karsten Bactris cruegeriana Griseb. & H.Wendl. ex Griseb. Bactris cubensis Burret Bactris cuesa Crueger ex Griseb. Bactris cuesco F.Engel Bactris curuena (Trail) Drude Bactris cuspidata Mart. Bactris cuvaro Karsten Bactris cuyabaensis Barb. Rodr. Bactris dahlgreniana Glassman Bactris dasychaeta Burret Bactris dianeura Burret Bactris diviscupula L.H.Bailey Bactris duidae Steyerm. Bactris duplex H.E.Moore ex L.H.Bailey Bactris elatior A.R.Wallace PALMS OF THE NEW WORLD Distribution (Cons. status) (Data-source) Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Peru ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Peru ? (8020) Paraguay ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) French Guiana nt (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Nicaragua ? (8020), Panama ? (8020) Panama I (8020) Mexico ? (8020) Costa Rica K (8020), Panama K (8020) Belize ? (9998), Costa Rica ? (9998), El Salvador ? (9998), Guatemala ? (9998), Honduras ? (9998), Mexico ? (8020), Nicaragua ? (9998), Panama I (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020) Panama I (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Venezuela V (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Trinidad/Tobago ? (8020), Brazil ? (8020), Guyana ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020), Venezuela ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Costa Rica ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Peru ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Peru ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Peru ? (8020) Trinidad/Tobago ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Panama I (8020) Panama I (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Ecuador ? (8020), Guyana ? (8020), Peru ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Venezuela ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Venezuela ? (8020) Trinidad/Tobago ? (8020), Guyana ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Cuba (Guantanamo; Holguin) nt (9774) Trinidad/Tobago ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Peru ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Costa Rica ? (8020) Nicaragua ? (8020) Costa Rica ? (8020), Panama ? (8020) Venezuela ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) See end for explanation of Fields labelled 1 to 4 SS VVVVVVIWIIV VY VW WI Vwyywevweaw Bh baa iseS Toma CS PSS RTT OLS TOON 253 ow i) 3 ow en _ eo yvuvunnvno yvyunnvnvn vy vvny In YV VVvvwvvycvew 3 Qe TQ ew ow ee DD DD DD DD vu i] a) 3 et o yuvnvo VVVV yg yyy <~< 4 January 1988 Plant name PALMAE (Cont.) Bactris Barb. Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Hems | Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris Bactris See end for elegans B.Rodr. & Trail ex Rodr. ericetina Barb. Rodr. erostrata Burret escragnollei Glaziou ex Burret eumorpha Trail exaltata Barb. Rodr. falcata J.R.Johnston faucium Mart. ferruginea Burret fissifrons Mart. floccosa Spruce formosa Barb. Rodr. fragae Lindman fusca Oersted fuscospina L.H.Bailey gasipaes H.B. & K. gastoniana Barb. Rodr. gaviona (Trail) Trail ex Drude geonomoides Drude glandulosa Oersted glaucescens Drude gracilior Burret gracilis Barb. Rodr. granariuscarpa Barb. Rodr. granatensis (Karsten) H.Wendl. guineensis (L.) H.E.Moore gymnospatha Burret hirta Mart. hondurensis Standley hoppii Burret horrida Oersted huebneri Burret humilis (A.R.Wallace) Burret hylophila Spruce incommoda Trail inermis Trail ex Barb. Rodr. infesta Mart. insignis (Mart.) Baillon integrifolia A.R.Wallace interruptepinnata Barb. Rodr. inundata Mart. jamaicana L.H.Bailey juruensis Trail kalbreyeri Burret kuhlmannii Burret lakoi Burret lanceolata Burret leptospadix Burret leucacantha Linden ex H.Wendl. Lindmanniana Drude ex Lindman littoralis Barb. Rodr. longifrons Mart. longipes Poeppig ex Mart. longipetiolata H.Wendl. ex ey longiseta H.Wendl. ex Burret macana Mart. macroacantha Mart. macrocarpa A.R.Wallace macrotricha Burret PALMS OF THE NEW WORLD Distribu tion (Cons. status) (Data-source) Brazil nt (8020), Guyana ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Brazil Brazil Brazil Brazil Brazil ? ? ? ? ? (8020) (8020) (8020) (8020) (8020) Venezuela ? (8020) Bolivia ? (8020) Brazil (Atlantic forest) ? (8743) Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Peru ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Costa Rica ? (8020) Panama I (8020) Central America ? (8020), Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Ecuador ? (9000), Peru ? (8020) Brazil Guyana Brazil Brazil ? ? ? ? (8020), French Guiana nt (8020), (8020), Suriname ? (8020) (8020), Suriname ? (8020) (8020) Costa Rica ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Costa Rica ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020), Venezuela nt (8020) Costa Rica nt (8020), Nicaragua ? (8020), Panama ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020) Venezuela ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Peru ? (8020) Honduras ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Costa Rica ? (8020), Nicaragua ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Guyana ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Bolivia ? (8020) Bolivia V (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020), Venezuela ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Bolivia ? (8020), Brazil ? (8020) Jamaica R (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Peru ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020), Venezuela ? (8020) Brazil (Atlantic forest) ? (8743) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Costa Rica ? (8020) Costa Rica V (8020) Venezuela nt (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Colombia ? (8020) explanation of Fields labelled 1 to 4 VVWVWV Vy yyw Qe Vyyw yvaennvnnv sy yQVynvnyy yuvnvvnnans yvynnvnnvnv vy Page 5 nt 8020 Y 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 Y YVVWIWV gy yyy 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 Y PRC re eee err Perr nt 8020 Y ? 8020 Y 2? 8020 ? 8020 ? 8020 ? 8020 ? 8020 ? 8020 nt 8020 Y nt 8020 Y ? 8020 ? 8020 Y 8020 8020 8020 Y 8020 8020 Y NYY YQ WD 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 Y yenvnv sy 8020 8020 Y 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 Y yu_nnvnvnanvs 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 8020 <~< yvunvnvn vv Vv 8020 nt 8020 ? 8020 2 8020 ? 8020 PALMS OF THE NEW WORLD 4 January 1988 Page 6 Plant_name Distribution (Cons. status) (Data-source) 1 2 3 PALMAE (Cont.) Bactris major Jacq.f. Belize ? (8020), Costa Rica ? (8020), ? nt 8020 Honduras ? (8020), Mexico ? (8778), Panama ? (8020), Trinidad/Tobago (both islands) ? (8020), Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Guyana ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020), Venezuela ? (8020) Bactris maraja Mart. Bolivia ? (8020), Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? nt nt 8020 (8020), Guyana ? (8020), Peru ? (8020), Suriname nt (8020) Bactris maraja-acu Barb. Rodr. Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris mattogrossensis Barb. Rodr. Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris megistocarpa Burret Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris mexicana Mart. Mexico ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris microcalyx Burret Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris microcarpa Spruce Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris microspadix Burret Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris militaris H.E.Moore Costa Rica (Golfo Dulce) E (8743) E E 8020 Bactris mitis Mart. Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Peru ? ? ? 8020 (8020) Bactris monticola Barb. Rodr. Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Guyana? ? ? 8020 (8020), Peru ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020), Venezuela ? (8020) Bactris multiramosa Burret Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris nemorosa Barb. Rodr. Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris obovata Burret Colombia ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris oligocarpa Barb. Rodr. & Trail Brazil ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) ? ? 8020 ex B.Rodr. Bactris oligoclada Burret Guyana ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris ottostapfeana Barb. Rodr. Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris paucijuga Barb. Rodr. Brazil ? (8020) 7 ? 8020 Bactris paula L.H.Bailey Panama I (8020) I I 8020 Bactris pectinata Mart. Brazil ? (8020), French Guiana K (8777) ? ? 8020 Bactris penicillata Barb. Rodr. Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris pickelii Burret Brazil (Atlantic forest) ? (8743) ? ? 8020 Bactris pilosa Karsten Colombia ? (8020), Venezuela ? (8020) 2, ? 8020 Bactris piranga Trail Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris piritu (Karsten) H.Wendl. Colombia ? (8020), Venezuela R (8020) ? 2 8020 Bactris platyacantha Burret Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris platyspina (Barb. Rodr.) Brazil ? (8020) 2 ? 8020 Burret Bactris plumeriana Mart. Dominican Rep. I (5642), Haiti I (10874) I I 8020 Bactris polyclada Burret Brazil (Atlantic forest) ? (8743) ? ? 8020 Bactris porschiana Burret Costa Rica V (8020) Vv Vv 8020 Bactris ptariana Steyerm. Venezuela R (8020) R R 8020 Bactris pubescens Burret Costa Rica ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris pulchella Burret Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris pulchra (Trail) Trail ex Drude Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris rhaphidacantha J.G.W.Boer Suriname R (8020) R R 8020 Bactris riparia Mart. Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Peru ? ? ? 8020 (8020) Bactris sanctae-paulae F.Engel Colombia ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris schultesii (L.H.Bailey) Colombia ? (8020) 2 ? 8020 Glassman Bactris setiflora Burret Ecuador ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris setosa Mart. Brazil (Atlantic forest) ? (8743) ? ? 8020 Bactris setulosa Karsten Venezuela ? (8020) 2) ? 8020 Bactris sigmoidea Burret Colombia ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris simplex Burret Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris simplicifrons Mart. Trinidad/Tobago ? (8020) ? nt 8020 Brazil nt (8020), Colombia ? (8020), nt Ecuador ? (9000), French Guiana ? (8020), Guyana ? (8020), Peru ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020), Venezuela ? (8020) Bactris socialis Mart. Bolivia ? (8020), Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris sphaerocarpa Trail Bolivia ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris standleyana Burret Costa Rica ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris sworderiana Becc. Trinidad/Tobago (only Tobago) ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris syagroides Trail ex Barb. Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Rodr. Bactris sylvatica Barb. Rodr. Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Bactris tomentosa Mart. Brazil ? (8020) ? 2 8020 See end for explanation of Fields labelled 1 to 4 4 January 1988 Plant name PALMAE (Cont.) Bactris trailiana Barb. Rodr. Bactris trichophylla Burret Bactris tucum Burret Bactris turbinata Mart. Bactris turbinocarpa Barb. Rodr. Bactris umbraticola Barb. Rodr. Bactris umbrosa Barb. Rodr. Bactris umaensis Barb. Rodr. Bactris venezuelensis Steyerm. Bactris vexans Burret Bactris vulgaris Barb. Rodr. Bactris wendlandiana Burret Barcella odora (Trail) Drude Brahea aculeata (T.S.Brandegee) H.E.Moore Brahea armata S.Watson Brahea bella L.H.Bailey Brahea berlandieri H.H.Bartlett Brahea brandegeei (C.A.Purpus) H.E.Moore Brahea conzattii H.H.Bartlett Brahea decumbens Rzed. Brahea dulcis (H.B. & K.) Mart. Brahea edulis S.Watson Brahea moorei L.H.Bailey ex H.E.Moore Brahea nitida Andre Brahea pimo Becc. Brahea prominens L.H.Bailey Brahea salvadorensis H.Wendl. ex Becc. Brahea sp. (= Erythea clara L.H.Bailey) Butia archeri (Glassman) Glassman Butia arenicola (Barb. Rodr.) Burret Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. Butia eriospatha (Mart. ex Drude) Becc. Butia microspadix Burret Butia paraguayensis (Barb. Rodr.) L.H.Bailey Butia poni (Hauman) Burret Butia purpurascens Glassman Butia yatay (Mart.) Becc. Calyptrogyne brachystachys H.Wendl. ex Burret Calyptrogyne condensata (L.H.Bailey) J.G.W.Boer Calyptrogyne ghiesbreghtiana (Linden ex H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. Calyptrogyne sarapiquensis H.Wendl. ex Burret Calyptrogyne trichostachys Burret Calyptronoma clementis (Leon) A.D.Hawkes ssp. clementis Calyptronoma clementis (Leon) A.D.Hawkes ssp. orientensis Muniz & Borhidi Calyptronoma dulcis C.Wright ex Griseb. Calyptronoma intermedia (Griseb. & H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. Calyptronoma microcarpa (Leon) A.D.Hawkes Calyptronoma occidentalis (Swartz) H.E.Moore Calyptronoma quisquesyana L.H.Bailey PALMS OF THE NEW WORLD Distribution (Cons. status) (Data-source) Brazil ? (8020), French Guiana R (8777) Belize ? (8020), Guatemala ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Venezuela ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Suriname ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) 2 Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Venezuela V (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Costa Rica V (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Mexico V (8020) Mexico K (8020) Mexico R (8020) Nuevo Leon E (9114) Mexico nt (8020) Mexico V (8020) Mexico V (8020) Guatemala ? (8020), Veracruz ? (9114), San Luis Potosi ? (9114) Guadelupe (island slopes) R (8743) Mexico V (8020) Mexico V (8778) Mexico V (8020) Guatemala K (8020), Mexico K (8020) El Salvador ? (8020), Guatemala ? (8020), Honduras ? (8020) Mexico ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Paraguay ? (8020) Brazil (Atlantic forest) nt (8743), Uruguay ? (8020) Brazil (Atlantic forest) ? (8743) Brazil ? (8904) Argentina E (8020), Brazil ? (8773), Paraguay ? (8020) Brazil (Atlantic forest) ? (8743) Brazil (Cerrados in Goias) ? (8904) Argentina ? (8020), ? Paraguay ? (8020), Uruguay ? (8020) Costa Rica K (8020), Panama K (8020) Costa Rica K (8020), Panama K (8020) Belize ? (9998), Guatemala ? (9998), Honduras ? (9998), Mexico ? (8020), Nicaragua ? (9998), Panama ? (8020) Costa Rica V (8020) Costa Rica V (8020) Cuba (G; Gu; SC) nt (9774) Cuba (Guantanamo; Holguin) nt (9774) Cuba (IP; PR; M; Ci) nt (9774) Cuba (Pinar del Rio) K (9774) Cuba (Ci; VC; SS) R (9774) Jamaica nt (8020) Haiti R (10874) See end for explanation of Fields labelled 1 to 4 maA =} ow nt nt nt ams co amy ow 1 me Ne ) Le wD ae Ex/E Ex/E ~< 4 January 1988 Plant_name PALMAE (Cont.) Chamaedorea Chamaedorea membranacea Oersted metallica 0.F.Cook ex H.E.Moore Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Steyerm. Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Dammer Chamaedorea Oersted Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Mart. Chamaedorea A.Gentry Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Steyerm. Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Steyerm. Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Steyerm. Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Steyerm. Chamaedorea Hook. Chamaedorea Steyerm. Chamaedorea Chamaedorea Chamaedorea micrantha Burret microphylla H.Wendl. microspadix Burret minor Burret monostachys Burret montana Liebm. ex Mart. murriensis Galeano nana N.E.Brown neurochlamys Burret nubium Standley & Steyerm. oblongata Mart. oreophila Mart. pacaya H.Wendl. pachecoana Standley & paradoxa H.Wendl. parvifolia Burret parvisecta Burret pauciflora Mart. Pavoniana H.Wendl. ex pinnatifrons (Jacq.f.) pittieri L.H.Bailey pochutlensis Liebm. ex poeppigiana (Mart.) polyclada Burret pulchra Burret pumila H.Wendl. ex Dammer pygmaea H.Wendl. quetzalteca Standley & radicalis Mart. rhombea Burret rigida H.Wendl. ex Dammer rojasiana Standley & ruizii H.Wendl. ex Dammer sartorii Liebm. scheryi L.H.Bailey schiedeana Mart. schippii Burret sejbertii L.H.Bailey seifrizii Burret simplex Burret skutchii Standley & smithii A.Gentry sphaerocarpa Burret stenocarpa Standley & stolonifera H.Wendl. ex stricta Standley & tenella H.Wendl. tenerrima Burret tepejilote Liebm. ex Mart. PALMS OF THE NEW WORLD Distribution (Cons. status) (Data-source) Nicaragua ? (8020) Veracruz (Cordoba) E (8743) Guatemala I (8020) Panama I (8020) Mexico V (8020) Venezuela ? (8020) Veracruz I (9114) Mexico E (8020) Colombia (One locality, Antioquia) ? (10265) Costa Rica ? (8020) Guatemala ? (8020), Honduras ? (8020), Mexico V (8020) Guatemala ? (8020), Mexico ? (8020) Guatemala ? (9998), Honduras ? (9998), Mexico V (8020), Nicaragua ? (8020) Mexico E (8020) Costa Rica ? (8020), Panama ? (8020) Guatemala I (8020) Mexico I (8020) Costa Rica ? (8020) Guatemala I (8020) Brazil ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Peru ? (8020) Peru ? (8020) Colombia nt (8020), Ecuador ? (9000), Venezuela nt (8020) Panama I (8020) Mexico I (8020) Ecuador ? (9000), Peru (eastern slope of Andes) ? (8801) Ecuador ? (8020) Guatemala (Alta Verapaz Department) E (8743) Costa Rica ? (8020) Costa Rica ? (8020), Panama ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020) Guatemala I (8020) Mexico E (8020) Costa Rica ? (8020) Mexico I (8020) Guatemala I (8020), Mexico E (8020) Peru ? (8020) Guatemala ? (9998), Honduras ? (8020), Mexico R (8020) Panama I (8020) Veracruz I (9114) Belize ? (8020), Guatemala ? (8020) Panama I (8020) Yucatan E (9114), Tabasco E (9114) Guatemala I (8020), Mexico E (8743) Guatemala I (8020) Peru (Rondayacu Podocarp forests) V (8801) Nicaragua ? (8020) Guatemala I (8020) Mexico (south) E (9114) Guatemala I (8020) Mexico E (8020) Guatemala I (8020) Costa Rica ? (9998), El Salvador ? (9998), Guatemala ? (9998), Honduras ? (9998), Mexico V (8020), Nicaragua ? (9998), Panama ? (9998), Colombia ? (8020) See end for explanation of Fields labelled 1 to 4 iy ms PALMS OF THE NEW WORLD 4 January 1988 Page 23 Plant name Distribution (Cons. status) (Data-source) 1 2 3 4 PALMAE (Cont.) oo ir Thrinax morrisii H.Wendl. Antigua/Barbuda (only Barbuda) ? (8765), nt nt 8765 ? Bahamas ? (8766), Cuba (PR; IP; CA; C; H) ? (9774), Dominican Rep. nt (8743), Navassa I. ? (8765), Puerto Rico ? (8765), St Kitts-Nevis (only Anguilla) ? (8765), Florida nt (8765), Turks & Caicos ? (8766) Thrinax parviflora Swartz ssp. Jamaica nt (8765) nt nt 8765 parviflora Thrinax parviflora Swartz ssp. Jamaica nt (8765) nt nt 8765 puberula R.W.Read Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex J.A. & Bahamas ? (8766), Cuba (throughout) nt nt nt 8765 Y J.H.Schultes (9774), Dominican Rep. nt (8743), Haiti ? (8765), Jamaica ? (8765) Florida ? (8765) ? Belize ? (8765), Honduras ? (8765), nt Mexico (Yucatan & Quintana Roo) V (9997) Thrinax rivularis (Leon) Borhidi & Cuba (Guantanamo; Holguin) V (9774) V V 9996 Muniz var. rivularis Thrinax rivularis (Leon) Borhidi & Cuba (Guantanamo; Holguin) V (9774) Vv Vv 9996 Muniz var. savannarum (Leon) Borhidi & Muniz Trithrinax acanthocoma Drude Brazil (Atlantic forest) ? (8743) ? ? 8020 Trithrinax biflabellata Barb. Rodr. Argentina E (8772), Paraguay ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Y Trithrinax brasiliensis Mart. Argentina (Entre Rios Province) E (8743), Rio K K 8020 Y Grande (S) K (8743) Trithrinax campestris (Burmeister) Argentina V (8020), Uruguay ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Y Drude & Griseb. Trithrinax schizophylla Drude Bolivia ? (8020), Brazil ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Y Washingtonia filifera (L.Linden) U.S. R (8020), Mexico R (8020) R R 8020 Y H.Wendl. Washingtonia rubusta H.Wendl. Mexico ? (8020) i ? 8020 Welfia georgii H.Wendl. ex Burret Costa Rica ? (8020), Honduras ? (8020), ? ? 8020 Y Panama ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020), Ecuador ? (9000) Welfia regia H.Wendl. ex Andre Colombia ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Wendlandiella gracilis Dammer Peru ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Wendlandiella polyclada Burret Peru ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Wendlandiella simplicifrons Burret Peru ? (8020) 2 ? 8020 Wettinia augusta Poeppig & Endl. Peru V (8020) Vv Vv 8020 Wettinia castanea H.E.Moore & Colombia (Choco) E (8743) E E 8793 Dransfield Wettinia cladospadix (Dug.) H.E.Moore Colombia (Valle) V (8020), Ecuador ? (9000) 2, ? 9996 Y & Dransfield Wettinia fascicularis (Burr.) Colombia V (8020) Vv V 9996 H.E.Moore & Dransfield Wettinia hirsuta Burret Panama ? (8020), Colombia ? (8020) Vv Vv 8020 Y Wettinia longipetala A.Gentry Peru (Pasco) ? (8801) ? ? 8801 Wettinia maynensis Spruce Colombia ? (8020), Ecuador ? (8020), Peru I ? ? 8020 Y (8020) Wettinia oxycarpa Galeano & R.Bernal Colombia (Choco) V (8903), Ecuador ? (9000) ? ? 8903 Y Wettinia quinaria (0.F.Cook & Doyle) Colombia V (8020), Ecuador ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Y Burret Wettinia verruculosa H.E.Moore Ecuador ? (9213) ? ? 9213 Wettinia weberbaueri Burret Peru ? (8020) ? ? 8020 Zombia antillarum (Descourt.) Dominican Rep. I (2014), Haiti ? (2014) ? ? 2014 Y L.H.Bailey INDEX _OF DATA SOURCES 2014 Moore, H.E., jr (1979). Endangerment at the specific and generic levels in palms. Principes, 23(2): 47-64. [Notes: Reprinted from Prance and Elias, eds, 1977, DS 6165.) i 5607. Borhidi, A., Muniz, 0. (1983). Catalogo de plantas Cubanas amenazadas o extinguidas. Sp. Edit. Academia. 85p. [Notes: Lists 959 species of gymnosperms and flowering plants threatened or extinct, including 832 endemics, with their distribution by provinces and assignment into categories - noncompatible with IUCN categories.] 5642 Jimenez, J. de J. (1978). Lista tentativa de plantas de la Republica Dominicana que deben protegerse para evitar su extincion. Coloquio Internacional sobre la practica de la conservacion. Santo Domingo. CIBIMA/UASD. [Notes: Sp. Lists 133 species of threatened flowering plants, of which 49 are endemic.] 8020 Glassman, S.F. (1972). A Revision of B.E. Dahlgren's Index of American Palms. Phanerogamarum Monographiae Tomus VI, Cramer, 3301 Lehre. ([Notes: 294p.] 8317 Johnson, Dennis V. (1986). Letter to Jana Zantovska. Dated 11 September 1986. [Notes: Defines the conservation status of 4 U.S. palm species, following consultation with R.W. Read and others.] PALMS OF THE NEW WORLD 4 January 1988 Page 24 8679 van Roosmalen, M.G.M. (1985). Fruits of the Guianan Flora. Institute of Systematic Botany, Utrecht and Silvicultural Dept. of Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen. 8743 Johnson, D.V., with Read, R.W., Balick, M.J. (1986). Economic botany and threatened species of the palm family in Latin America and the Caribbean. Part 2. The status of threatened species of the palm family in Latin America and the Caribbean. Mimeo. 30 September 1986. [Notes: Final report on WWF 3322. Includes Appendix 2, on palms of Atlantic forest. Appendix 1, by H.Balslev on Ecuador, is a separate entry.] 8765 Read, R.W. (1975). The genus Thrinax (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Smithson. Contr. Bot., No. 19. 98p. 8766 Correll, D.S., Correll, H.B. (1982). Flora of the Bahama Archipelago. Cramer, FL-9490 Vaduz, Liechtenstein. 1692p. (Notes: Includes the Turks and Caicos Islands.] 8767 Howard, R.A., ed. (1974). Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Leeward and Windward Islands. Arnold Arboretum, Mass. 3 vols so far. 8772 Pingitore, E. (1979). Returned Questionnaire: Palms of Argentina, and accompanying letter. TPU, July 1979. Returned August 1979. 8773 Moore, H.E., jr (1980). Returned Questionnaire: Palms of Argentina. TPU, July 1979. Returned February 1980. 8774 Moore, H.E., jr (1980). Returned Questionnaire: Palms of Brazil. TPU, October 1978. Returned February 1980. 8775 Reed, R.W. (1980). Returned Questionnaire: Palms of Grenada. TPU, October 1978. Returned February 1980. 8776 Reed, R.W. (1980). Returned Questionnaire: Palms of Barbados. TPU, October 1978. Returned February 1980. 8777 de Granville, J.J. (1980). Returned Questionnaire: Palms of French Guiana. TPU, March 1980. Returned April 1980. 8778 Moore, H.E., jr (1980). Returned Questionnaire: Palms of Mexico. TPU, October 1978. Returned February 1980. [Notes: Missing from TPU file.] 8785 Moore, H.E., jr (1980). Returned Questionnaire: Palms of Costa Rica. TPU, October 1978. Returned February 1980. 8786 Moore, H.E., jr (1980). Returned Questionnaire: Palms of Guatemala. TPU, October 1978. Returned February 1980. 8787 Moore, H.E., jr (1980). Returned Questionnaire: Palms of Ecuador. TPU, October 1978. Returned February 1980. 8793 Dransfield, J. (1979). Lists and comments on palms, made in 1979. Multiple entry. [Notes: Some written on card index.] 8794 Dransfield, J. (1978). Lists and comments on palms, made in 1978. Multiple entry. [Notes: Some written on card index.] 8795 Balick, M.J. (1981). Letter to Hugh Synge, with accompanying manuscript key to Oenocarpus. Letter dated 16 March 1981. 8797 Moore, H.E., jr (1980). Returned Questionnaire: Palms of Honduras. TPU, October 1978. Returned February 1980. 8798 Moore, H.E., jr (1980). Returned Questionnaire: Palms of Venezuela. TPU, October 1978. Returned February 1980. 8799 Moore, H.E., jr (1980). Returned Questionnaire: Palms of Belize. TPU, October 1978. Returned February 1980. 8800 Hartshorn, G. (1979). Returned Questionnaire: Palms of Costa Rica. TPU, October 1978. Returned 1979. 8801 Gentry, A.H. (1986). Notes on Peruvian palms. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 73(1): 158-165. [Notes: Describes 3 new species, makes 3 new combinations and reports 1 new record for Peru.] 8901 Pingitore, E. (1980). Letter to Mr G. Lucas. Dated 29 April 1980. [Notes: Includes manuscript on threatened and endangered palms of Argentina.] 8902 Read, R.W. (1980). Returned Questionnaire: Palms of Dominica. TPU, October 1978. Returned February 1980. 8903 Galeano-Garces, G., Bernal-Gonzalez, R. (1983). Novedades de las palmas de Colombia-1. Caldasia, 13(65): 693-699. 8904 Glassman, S.F. (1979). Re-evaluation of the genus Butia with a description of a new species. Principes, 23(2): 65-79. [Notes: New species is Butia purpurascens.] 9000 +Balslev, H. (1986). A listing of Ecuadorian Palms. In Johnson, D.V., Final Report WWF 3322. Economic botany and threatened species of the palm family in Latin America and the Caribbean. Part 2. 48-51. 9019 Vovides, A.P. (1981). Lista preliminar de plantas Mexicanas raras o en peligro de extincion. Biotico, 6(2): 219-228. [Notes: Preliminary list of 210 rare, threatened and endangered species.] 9114 Vovides, A.P. (1986). Relacion de Plantas Mexicanas Raras o en Peligro de Extincion. Veracruz, INIREB. [Notes: 7p.] 9148 Quero, H.J., Read, R.W. (1986). A revision of the palm genus Gaussia. Syst. Bot., 11(1): 145-154. 9149 Moore, H.E., jr (1980). Two new species of Geonoma (Palmae). Gentes Herbarum, 12(1): 25-29. 9150 Moore, H.E., jr (1980). Four new species of Palmae from South America Gentes Herbarum, 12(1): 30-38. 9213. Moore, H.E., jr (1982). A new species of Wettinia (Palmae) from Ecuador. Principes, 26(1): 42-43. 9214 Read, R.W. (1980). Notes on Palmae, I. Phytologia, 46(5): 285-287. [Notes: Describes Coccothrinax proctorii.] 9244 Muniz, O., Borhidi, A. (1982). Catalogo de las palmas de Cuba. Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 28(3-4): 309-345. [Notes: John Dransfield has a copy.] 9268 Borhidi, A., Muniz, 0. (1985). Adiciones al Catalogo de las palmas de Cuba. Acta Bot. Hungarica, 31(1-4): 225-230. 9774 Borhidi, A. (1987). Letter to VHH, 25 February 1987, and annotations to CMC printout of Cuban palms. TPU printout dated 2 February 1987. 9995 Numerous (?). New plant name combination not yet made. 9996 Numerous (?). Plant name changes. [Notes: Where the plant name has been changed from an earlier usage in the datafile.] 9997 Numerous (?). Multiple data sources. [Notes: Where more than one data source was required to provide the information required.] 9998 Numerous (?). Assumed data. [Notes: Where assumptions are made on the data before incorporation.] 10256 Balick, M. (1981). Letter to TPU on Latin American palms. Dated 14 March 1981. 10262 Dransfield, J. (1987). Lists and comments on palms, made in 1987. Multiple entry. 10263 Quero, H.J. (1980). Coccothrinax readii, a new species from the Peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico. Principes, 24(3): 118-124. 10264 Bernal-Gonzalez, R., Henderson, A. (1986). A new species of Socratea (Palmae) from Colombia with notes on the genus. Brittonia, 38(1): 55-59. 10265 Galeano-Garces, G. (1986). Two mew species of Palmae from Colombia. Brittonia, 38(1): 60-64. [Notes: Chamaedorea macrolobo and Prestoea simplicifolia.] PALMS OF THE NEW WORLD 4 January 1988 Page 25 10738 Henderson, A. (1986). A new Prestoea (Palmae) from Panama, with notes on the genus. Brittonia, 38(3): 266-268. (Notes: Prestoea darienensis, from Panama.) 10739 Moore, H.E., jr (1982). Geonoma tenuissima. Principes, 26(4): 204-205. 10740 Galeano-Garces, G. (1986). Geonoma chlamydostachys, a new species from Colombia. Principes, 30(2): 71-74. 10741 Galeano-Garces, G., Bernal-Gonzalez, R. (1985). Aiphanes acaulis, a new species from Colombia. Principes, 29(1): 20-22. 10743 Bernal-Gonzalez, R. (1986). Catoblastus distichus, an interesting new palm from Colombia. Principes, 30(1): 38-41. 10744 Read, R.W., Zanoni, T.A., Mejia, M. (1987). Reinhardtia paiewonskiana (Palmae), a new species for the West Indies. Brittonia, 39(1): 20-25. [Notes: Endangered palm from Dominican Republic.] 10746 Balslev, H., Henderson, A. (1987). The identity of Ynesa colenda (Palmae). Brittonia, 39(1): 1-6. ([Notes: Renames it as Attalea colenda.] 10874 Zanoni, T.A. (1986). Hispaniola. The Palms of the Dominican Republic and Haiti. In Johnson, D. et al., Economic botany and threatened species of the palm family in Latin America and the Caribbean. Part 1. Economic Botany ... Pp. 20-26. [Notes: Report of WWF Project 3322 (WWF-US), 30 November.] EXPLANATION OF FIELDS LABELLED 1 TO 4 lc Regional IUCN Red Data Book category for the degree of threat. Ex: Extinct; E: Endangered; V: Vulnerable; R: Rare; I: Indeterminate; K: Insufficiently known; C: Candidate; ?: no data; nt: neither rare nor threatened. World IUCN Red Data Book category for the degree of threat. Ex: Extinct; E: Endangered; V: Vulnerable; R: Rare; I: Indeterminate; K: Insufficiently known; C: Candidate; ?: no data; nt: neither rare nor threatened. Data source for Plant Name - see preceding list. Distribution completeness code. Y: Distribution complete; N: Distribution incomplete; ?: Not known whether distribution complete; Space: Taxon confined to one CMC area. NUMBERS OF NEW WORLD PALM TAXA ARRANGED BY COUNTRY 4 January 1988 Page 26 AREA NAME Ex Ex/E E E/V V V/R R E/R I Cc K 2? V/nt R/nt nt 0 Threat'd Total CARIBBEAN Antigua/Barbuda ne 3 3 Bahamas ne 1 im 1 8 Barbados e 1 u 1 ne 3 3 Bermuda e 1 1 1 Cayman Is. e 1 1 Cuba e 6 3 16 7 14 37 32 83 ne 6 6 Dominica ne 1 1 10 2 12 Dominican Rep. e 1 1 1 2 3 ne 1 3 3 8 4 15 Grenada e 1 1 1 ne 3 3 Guadeloupe ne 1 8 1 9 Haiti e 2 1 1 3 4 77 ne 3 3 7 3 13 Hispaniola e 1 1 Jamaica e 1 9 1 10 ne 1 1 Martinique ne 1 8 1 9 Montserrat ne 1 1 1 2 Navassa I. ne 2 2 Neth. Leeward I ne 2 2 Puerto Rico e 1 1 if 2 2 5 ne 1 4 1 5 St Kitts-Nevis ne 3 3 St Lucia ne 1 1 5 2 7 St Mart & St Bt ne 1 1 St Vincent e 1 1 1 ne 6 6 Trinidad/Tobago e at 13 ne 1 6 11 | 18 Turks & Caicos ne 1 4 1 5 NORTH AMERICA U.S.A. e 2 2 ne 1 1 1 2 Alabama ne 1 1 1 Florida e 1 1 1 2 ne 2 5 2 7 Georgia ne 1 1 1 Mississippi ne 1 1 1 S. Carolina ne 1 1 1 Texas ne 1 1 CENTRAL AMERICA Central America ne 1 1 Belize ne 3 6 13 12 9 34 Costa Rica e 16 19 20 39 ne 1 11 2 18 11 14 43 El Salvador ne 1 1 3 1 5 Guatemala e 1 1 1 at 4 20 24 ne 9 11 16 12 20 48 Honduras e 2 3 2 5 ne 4 2 10 10 6 26 eee ee ee eee eee —————_—___ Key and explanation: e = endemic, ne = non-endemic (i.e. to the area concerned). Plant are recorded for regions, e.g. "Central America", only where individual country distributions are not known. Similarly, for Brazil, Mexico & U.S.A., plant records are either at the country level or at the state level, not both. (These pages are the output of the TPU's PLTCOUNT programme, run on 4 January 1988.) NUMBERS OF NEW WORLD PALM TAXA ARRANGED BY COUNTRY 4 January 1988 Page 27 AREA NAME (Cont.) Ex Ex/E E E/V V V/R R E/R I c K 2? V/nt R/nt nt ie} Threat'd Total Mexico e 9 9 3 13 1 9 2 34 46 ne 3 1 4 9 11 8 28 Guadelupe e 1 1 1 Guanajuato e 1 1 1 Nuevo Leon e 1 1 fl Oaxaca ne 1 1 1 Quintana Roo ne 4 2 2 S Luis Potosi ne 1 1 1 Tabasco ne 1 1 1 Veracruz e 1 2 3 3 ne 2 1 3 3 Yucatan ne 1 2 3 3 Nicaragua e 5 5 ne 4 1 12 6 5 23 Panama e 1 23 9 24 33 ne 1 13 2 21 11 16 48 SOUTH AMERICA South America ne 2 2 Argentina ne 1 1 2 6 1 10 Bolivia e 1 1 19 2 21 ne 2 13 12 2 27 Brazil e if 2 1 197 5 10 212 ne 1 2 i) 4] 47 7 136 Bahia e 1 1 1 1 3 4 Es. Santo ne 1 1 1 Goias ne 1 1 1 Mato Grosso e 1 1 1 Minas Gerais ne 1 1 1 Piaui ne 1 1 1 Rio de Jan. e 1 1 1 ne 3 3 3 Rio Grande S ne 1 1 Sao Paulo e 1 1 1 ne 1 1 1 Chile e 1 1 1 J Fernandez e 1 1 1 Colombia e 5 1 3 2 103 2 11 116 ne 9 1 1 84 38 10 133 Ecuador e 1 23 1 24 ne 3 47 23 3 73 French Guiana e 1 1 1 ne 8 23 31 Guyana e 3 3 ne 1 1 14 26 2 42 Paraguay e 2 9 2 11 ne 6 5 11 Peru e 1 5 2 3 8 28 1 19 48 ne 1 1 55 21 2 78 Suriname e 2 2 2 ne 1 23 32 1 56 Uruguay ne 1 3 4 Venezuela e 3 10 19 8 13 40 ne 1 2 32 31 5 66 TOTALS ENDEMICS NON-ENDEMICS TOTALS Extinct/Endangered (Ex/E) 1 fl Endangered (E) 44 7 51 Endangered/Vulnerable (E/V 2 2 Vulnerable (V) 49 27 76 Rare (R) 47 5 50 Indeterminate (1) 78 20 98 Insufficiently known (K) 18 2 20 Status unassigned (?) 466 177 643 Not threatened (nt) 71 90 161 TOTAL THREATENED 221 57 278 GRAND TOTAL 776 326 1102 1 aie 2) ey = rT 5 2 mast pga =~ tr ” jaf = oe £ 4 ae | Pipa — : (ay cin | 4 » ae Ym ¥ — a Wy o~ 4 4 é —<_: jas | ehiuun 6 i e a i : ar _ , “> - eo« t=—r"e" ’ erat - meee ss | = ° } A awe iy = é * ° ® y ara By © « o, fork? , ° 7 yrew ax: 4 . pad ® See if t ag t s . , - ia ‘ae é f } a eves 46" wy Pe yr, qs. Deep hie - a. ; Te . ' : rT : FS is " 7 - mA 244s & = i] 4 7 a os Pane Oe _ oa ~ ® é > a= ff = . ° ¥ ms < ~ Soe —. ; ‘ 4 7 vl a af a ~~ ‘ sal . A ons CH 125; wm “| - - 1 om, a2 A : ao ets * : » i = ™ ai — a > - ee = » —— —_~ £s= 7 Oe —_ y po ee ; ad be ‘> oe c= mer ® ees F s wae r] a” f Pail an = * as Oh Co — oo wet " i aateehy. a ue ca @ Prag : - Or | if 9 ane 2% as fi ~~ § . > a pie -) "y= a'% ¥ : . "18 a . ihe é q { a 7 ‘ or e re a te ‘3 amas Riiee a - . SS wae ~~ ~@ a» - 4 = APPENDIX I NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION IN NEOTROPICAL PALMS Michael J. Balick There is often a great deal of variation to be found among individuals in native palm populations. These morphological differences are often a reflection of the natural variation that is produced by environmental conditions or even true genetic variation. Sometimes, in a population comprising several related species (or even genera) of palms, variation that is beyond what is usually expected can be found. When the variation reveals a series of characters intermediate in nature between other members of the population, then hybridization can be suspected. Hybrids have been recognized only over the past few decades, as botanists have turned to field studies as an essential part of palm taxonomy, rather than relying solely on herbarium material. Table | is a list of natural hybrids described to date. In addition to these hybrids, this author is currently describing several other hybrids, as outlined in Table 2. TABLE 1! NATURAL PALM HYBRIDS IN THE NEOTROPICS Bactris hybrids Bactris x moorei W.Boer > (Bactris oligoclada x B. humilis) Copernicia hybrids Copernicia x burretiana (Leon) Muniz & Borh. (Copernicia hospita x C. macroglossa) Copernicia x occidentalis (Leon) Muniz & Borh. (Copernicia curtissii x C. brittonorum) Copernicia x shaferi Dahlgr. & Glass. (Copernicia hospita x C. cowellii) Copernicia x sueroana Leon (Copernicia hospita x C. rigida) Copernicia x textilis (Leon) Dahlgr. & Glass. (Copernicia hospita x C. baileyana) Copernicia x vespertilionum Leon (Copernicia gigas x C. rigida) Syagrus hybrids Syagrus x camposportoana (Bond.) Glass. (Syagrus coronata x Arecastrum romanzof fianum) * Taxa in parentheses represent parent species 29 Syagrus x costae Glass. (Syagrus coronata x S. oleracea) Syagrus x matafome (Bond.) Glass. (Syagrus coronta x S. vagans) Syagrus x teixeiriana Glass. (Syagrus oleracea x Arecastrum romanzof fianum) Syagrus x tostana (Bond.) Glass. (Syagrus coronata x Arikuryroba schizophylla) Orbignya and Attalea hybrids Orbignya x teixeirana (Bond.) Balick, Pinheiro & Anderson (Orbignya phalerata x O. eichleri) Attabignya minarum Balick, Anderson & Medeiros-Costa (Attalea compta x Orbignya oleifera) TABLE TWO NEOTROPICAL PALM HYBRIDS CURRENTLY UNDER STUDY/DESCRIPTION Oenocarpus - Jessenia complex Jessenia bataua x Oenocarpus bacaba Oenocar pus bacaba x O. minor Orbignya and Maximiliana x Markleya dahlgreniana (Orbignya phalerata x Maximiliana maripa) Knowledge of hybridization in palms is important for several reasons. A thorough understanding of the taxonomy of a genus such as Aftalea (sensu lato) would be impossible without recognizing the presence of natural hybridization. The fact that natural hybridization occurs freely between Attalea, Orbignya and Maximiliana, with resultant fertile offspring gives some weight to the uniting of these genera with Attalea. Since hybrid progeny can develop into distinct species over time, it must be recognized that these are distinct taxa worthy of conservation efforts. While some lines such as Jessenia bataua x Oenocarpus bacaba produce sterile offspring and, as such represent evolutionary dead ends, others such as x Attabignya minarum seem to be fully capable of forming massive, reproducing populations. In the case of palms, much greater emphasis needs to be put on field studies of naturally occurring as well as disturbed populations in the wild in order to fully recognize the importance of hybridization in this family. 0629z 20461 30 i. a 77 Prepared with financial support from the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the United Nations Environment Programme. A contribution to GEMS - the Global Environment Monitoring System. rai {am This book is part of THE IUCN CONSERVATION LIBRARY For a free copy of the complete catalogue please write to: IUCN Publication Services 209c Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 ODL, UK or Avenue du Mont-Blanc, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland