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VOL. II.

i Lumber Industry. Census Bulletin,
June. 24, 1902.

*°V

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y

T \\dttli < lensus "i tin- l 'niu-d Sut.-s.

CENSUS BULLETIN.

WASHINGTON, D. C.

JUNE 24, 19O2.

\l\\l \ \(\\ Ul >

THIv LUMBER INDUSTRY.

:

Hon. \Vn.i i 01 I!. \U

l> ' 'til, ('til.'

1 tran-mit herewith, for publication in bulletin

u. a rcjMirt on the liimU-r industry, prepared under

.tion by Mr. Henry (iannett. geographer of

Acknowledgment i- al-o due to Mr. .la-per

liel. who. a- .section chief. ha* had charge of

i MI- and tabulation of the lumber industry from

•tics herewith presented -how a satisfactory
• -jr. . Mh in the indu-tn. a rate which, from one
• \. that of the de-t ruction of our forc-t-. i-
•y, -ince the cut of lumber has
•m L'7.o»i.:.7:; M feet. 15. M.. to :;:,.i>M.I«:»;
M 15. M. The eon-uinptioii of wocxl material in

the n -trie- i- increasing at a much more rapid nite
;i»n. in -pile of the fact that in many
arti. le» metal;
-titute.1 for wood.

iron and -teel. are In-ill": ^n'1
It re-nlt- from this. that, while the
is lieint; ';-ed more and more ei-onomically and
tile wasti- i- U-iii": dimini-hed year tiy year, still the
lestruction iif the forests i- yearly incrca-ing.
The white pine area in the northeast has pa— ed it-
• iiiium of production, and the attention of lumU-r-
n n is Ix-ine; di\erted from this region to the -outh-
•'ine fore-ts. and to tin enorniou-lv hea\ v fore-t-

of the n^H
the eoiintn .
including. IN-

i-t. whi.-h will, in the eour>e of u
bet-ome the i-hief -oiirco of lumltcr for

"f the indu-try :ire pri--i-nti'd in talile-.
.• - the main titMe-. a mim'>er of other-

<lerived from them, viz: TiiMe 1. comparative -\imman-

of the lum>N>r indu-try. l.v'.d t-« I'.'no. with rate-^.if in-

I'alili- •_'. avent^tM-apitul. numlM-i of employees,

wa^e-. material-, and product-. porentablUhOMOt; I'alile

emjre wall's ail<l output per employee; T:i>.

coiii|M»ntti\e -iimmar\ . liy -t:iti--. |s7n(o |:MMI: 'J';li,
proportion of total lumlx-r pnMluct. l>v ];i>o^nii>hi< -i.l
divi-ions. Is.'.o to P. ii MI; Tulile i!. average value of mu-
ch inery. product, waye earner-, and wa^i--. |»-rc-tal'li-h
meiit. ami a\emjr«- product and avenip' waj,'«- jx-r hand,
by -tati-: Talile 7. lo^in^' • amp-, summary !••
Talili- s, capitnl, wajfi- -earner-, withes, -tumpa^e. and
product. |H-r e-talili-hnn-iit : Table '.i. value of loj.'«tump-
;ind of >aw |o^'.- |MT l.iKHi feet; Table 1<>. amount,
value, and average value. ]n-r 1.000 fpet. of -tum|ni</e of

dilFerent -JH-cie-; Table II. -tlIIII|Nlire value per 1.IHMI

feet. b\ -|»e. ie-. f<ir the principal timber state-; Table
Ii'. -ti-am jiower used in lojrjriii}.' i-amp-: Tab).-
mill-, -nmmary by -tat'--: Table 14. capital,
earner-, wajre-. material-, and ]iroduct-. |n-r i--tabli-h-
nii-nt; Table i:.. pnxlu-t- of -awmill-; Table li>. i(iiai
and value of roujjh lumlM-r. 1>\ -IMM ie-: Table 17. n
tity and value of -hin^le-. by -jx-cies; Table 1 s. ,aw mills
el:i — ilied by -i/e; Tub!.- I'.i. planing mill-. -umiii:ir\
-t;ite-; Table •_'". .-apital. wa^'e-carner-. wap--. n
rial-. an<l priKluct-. p<'r establishment; Table •_'!. i-apital
in\i • -tand of timlter. and total aiiKiunt

of timber owneil by liili|b«-|-|lien : Table ;.'•_'. eut of white

pine in Micliiynn. \\"i-con-in. and Minue-ota. 1^7
I!«HI; Tuble -_•::. iiujMirt-: Tabl.- •_'». e\|H,n-; Tub],
-tati-tic-- of lumlx-i indu-trie- of the I'niti

338434

1900: summarv of the extended tables; Table 2(1. estab-
lishments: Table 27, capital — logging and sawmill
plants; Table 28, capital — planing-mill plants; Table :.".',
capital — independent timber camps; Table 30, employ-
ees and wages; Table 31, employees and wages in
logging; Table 32, employees and wages in mills;
Table 33, employees and wages in independent timber
camps; Table 34, average number of wage-earners
employed -in logging; Table 35, average number
of wage-earners employed in saw and planing mills;
Table 36, average number of wage-earners employed in
independent timber camps; Table 37, number and cost
of keep of animals used in logging; Table 38, number
and cost of keep of animals used in timber camps, and
cost of transportation; Table 39, materials used in log-
ging; Table 40, materials used in sawmills; Table 41,
materials used in planing mills; Table 42, materials used
in independent timber camps; Table 43, miscellaneous
expenses; Table 44, summary of products, in quantity
and value; Table 45, rough lumber by species, conifers;
Table 46, rough lumber by species, hard woods; Table
47, shingles by species; Table 48, cooperage materials;
Table 49, other sawed products; Table 50, planing-mill
products; Table 51, timber-camp products; Table 52,
power; Table 53, classification of mills, by persons em-
ployed; Table 54, summary of establishments with a
product of less than $500. Tables 26 to 54 include the
detailed figures of establishments, capital, employees,
wages, materials, and products.

In drafting the schedules of inquiry for the census
of 1900, care was taken to preserve the basis of com-
parison with prior censuses so far as was possible.
Comparison may be safely made with respect to all the
general heads of inquiry except those relating to the
average number of wage-earners and such items as
appear first in this census. The limitations and quali-

fications of the figures are explained in the bodv of the
report, in the introduction to the several tables.

In some instances the number of proprietors and
firm members, shown in the accompanying tables, falls
short of the number of establishments reported. This
is accounted for by the fact that no proprietors or firm
members are reported for corporations. The imports
show a capital of $611.611,524 invested in the 3?,. 035
establishments reporting for the industry. This sum
represents the value of land, buildings, macliinerv.
tools, and implements, and the live capital utilized, but
does not include the capital stock of any of the cor-
porations. The value of the products is returned at
$566,832,984, to produce which involved an outlay
of $11,260,608 for salaries of officials, clerks, etc.;
$104,640,591 for wages; $17,731,519 for miscellaneous
expenses, including rent, taxes, etc.; and $317,923.548
for materials used, mill supplies, freight, and fuel. It is
not to be assumed, however, that the difference between
the aggregate of these sums and the value of the prod-
ucts is, in any sense, indicative of the profits in the manu-
facture of the products during the census year. The
census schedule takes no cognizance of the cost of sell-
ing manufactured articles, or of interest on capital
invested, or of the mercantile losses incurred in the
business, or of depreciation in plant. The value of the
product given is the value as obtained or fixed at the
factory. This statement is necessary in order to avoid
erroneous conclusions from the figures presented.
Veiy respectfully,

Chief Statistician for Manufactures.

THE LIMBER IXWSTKY.

TAKI.i: MF CONTENTS.

Hw

\TII.V ot TII* IMU-WTKY.

;..inili\«' nummary of the luinlxT
m.lii.tr>. KM to 1900. with rates of

im-rwwe

V \i-rmge capital, mimluT of i-iiiployeca,
watte*. tnaterialM, and prodticta, pare*-

tabliithnient

Tui-le S.— Average wagwand output per employee. .
Table 4 — Companrtire mimiuary, by rtaten, 1H7D t»
190U ..

•

TatiU- 5.— Proportion* of total luinl»T |>r<Kiiu-t, l>y
geographical iliviKion*. 1HSO to 1900. . . .
Table 6, — Average value of machinery, product,
wage-earnera ami wage*, per wtabli.-li-
ment, and average product and average

wage* |KT hand, by irtaUw

THE IA-MRKR Ixmnrnv.
Logging:

Table 7. — Logging camp* : Summary by xtaUv

Table H.— Capital, wage-earner*, wagev, «tiiuipage,

and product, per establishment

Table 9.— Value of log irtumnage and of aaw Ing*

per thoumnd feet

Table 10. — Amount, value, and average value per
thoumnd feet, of *tumpage of different

•pede*

Table 11.— Stumpage value per thouaand feet, by

•pn'ieii, fur tin- priin-i|<il tiinlieriitate*.

Table 12.— MBJBB power used in logxing campx

Tul.le 1 :<. —Sawmills: Summary by state*

Table 1 1 —Capital, wage-earnen, wage*, materials,

and product*, per establishment

Table 16.-l'n>duct» of sawmill*

Rough lumber:

Table 16.— (jaaniity and value of rough lumt-er. l.y

aparies

Tali).- 17. —Quantity and value of shingle*, by *pe-

Table is.-saw .nilU. classifled by rise..
•..•iiiill.

I.Me 19. — Planing inilln: Summary by state*

Tal ii).— Capital, waxe-«arners, wage*, materials,
and product*, per estahlinhmeir

II
11
11

i-j

12

16
18
19

19
21

24
24

I

•
•

17

.-

TIMHKH RBUIO.NS or TIIK UKITKII STATS*.
Timber land owned by lumltennen:

Table 21.— Capital inverted, area, average xtaml -I
timber, and total amount ..( innt-T
owned by lumt>ermen

White p

Table 22. -Cut of white pine in Michigan. Wiscon-
sin, and Minnesota, 1H73 to 1900.

>l>nioe

llemlo«-k

( '> prew

s. lit hern yellow pine

Hard wood

\\ .-tern yellow pine

Sugar pine

R«l fir

Redwood

1>B« KIITIoNH BY rVTATW:

Maine

New llani|whire

Vermont

MaiwarhiM-tto

Rh.«le Inland

Connecticut

New York

New Jersey

Pennsylvania

I Vlaware

Maryland

Virginia

Wert Virginia

North Carolina

South Carolina

Florida . .

MtaWppi

Louisiana

Texan

Indian Territory

Oklahoma

Arkansas

Tennessee

Kentucky

Ohio

Michigan

\V,-.,.n-in

Minnemta

Indiana

Illinois

Nebraska

Kanaa* ..

•-

30
30

SI

/
32

.'

..

34

35
36

|

I

37
37

•
I
•

40
40
40
40
40
41
41
41
42
42

:
) •

TIMBER REGIONS OF THE UNITED STATES — Continued.
Description by states — Continued.

Iowa

Missouri

North Dakota

South Dakota

Montana

Idaho

Colorado

Wyoming

Utah

Nevada

New Mexico

Arizona

California

Oregon

Washington

Page.
43
44
44
44
44
45
45
45
45
46
46
46
46
47
47

48
48

FOREIGN TRADE IN LUMBER.

Table 23.— Imports

Table 24.— Exports

DETAILED SUMMARY.

Table 25. — Statistics of lumber industries of the
United States for 1900. Summary of

the extended tables 50

Extended tables:

Table 26. —Establishments 53

Table 27." — Capital: Logging and sawmill plants ... 54
Table 28.— Capital: Planing mill plants and live

capital 56

Table 29. — Capital: Independent timber camps 57

Table 30. — Employees and wages 58

Table 31. — Employees and wages in logging 59

Table 32. — Employees and wages in lumber and saw-
mills . . 60

DETAILED SUMMARY — Continued.
Extended tables — Continued.

Table 33. — Employees and wages in independent
timber camps

Table 34. — Average number wage-earners employed
in logging

Table 35. — Average number wage-earners employed
in saw and planing mills

Table 36. — Average number wage-earners employe.!
in independent timber camps

Table 37. — Number and cost of keep of animals used
in logging

Table 38.— Number and cost of keep of animals use. 1
in timber camps, and cost of trans-
portation

Table 39. — Materials used in logging

Table 40. — Materials used in saw mills

Table 41. — Materials used in planing mills

Table 42. — Materials used in independent timber
camps

Table 43. — Miscellaneous expenses

Table 44. — Summary of products, in quantity and
value

Table 45. — Rough lumber, by species, conifers

Table 46. — Rough lumber, by species, hard woods.

Table 47.— Shingles, by species

Table 48. — Cooperage materials

Table 49. — Other sawed products

Table 50. — Planing-mill products

Table 51. — Timber-camp products

Table 52.— Power

Table 53. — Classification of mills, by persons em-
ployed

Table 54. — Summary of establishments with a prod-
uct of less than $500

I'nge.
62
63
64

88
6S

70
71

72
73

74
76
78
82
84
8ti
88
!»0
94

95

THE LUMBER INDUSTRY.

Hv lb:Mn

. Ny*-,-/.// .\,,,,,t.

Tin' liunU-r industry «.f the I'liltcd >tate. includes
thiv. i -tin. t operation-, which are in -ome cases ear-
. mi liy the same organization, in others -cjiarately.
The-,- are:

(li Th«' logging industry, including tin- felling of
tiiiil>cr. cutting it into length-, and trans|M>rting it l>y
rail or river to the mill. Thi- imliiitry i- carried on in
part by intlividimLx who own or operate sawmills. The
raw material of tlii- indu-tr\ consist- of standing tim
U-r. the finished product consists of logs delivered at
tin' mill.

Hi>- -.luinill in. lu-tr\. in which the raw material
consists of MW logs, the product <>f tin- lumber camp;
and the product consists of rough lumber, including

•i-t-. scantling, boards, shingles, laths, etc.
The planing-mill industry, in which tin- raw mate-
rial consist- of rough lumber and the finished product
of planed lumber, with such minor manufactures at* are
carried on in connection with these mills. Some of the
planing mills are operated in connection with sawmill-
as 11 |«rt of their operations, while other* are under
separate ownership and management.

It is proposed in this report, tto-idex presenting the
general -tati-tics of the entire lumber industry and
coinjKiring them with similar figures from earlier «'n
siue<*. to separate these three branches, so far as that i*
I*— ilil.-. and present independently the data relating to
each.

In the following matter, therefore, comprising pages
5 to '.'7. the statistic* and discussions relate to all lum-
U>r and timber manufacture, including ind«-|>cndent
timber camps, and sawmills with or without timber
campx. and the planing mills attached thereto, unless
otln'rwis4- «|M'citiiKl. It is necessary to pre»i-nt them in
thi> heterogeneous form in order to make comparison
with the figures of earlier censuses.

-I MMARY.

The lumber industry of the United States, taken as
a whole, was in 1900 the fourth among the great manu-

facturing industries of the country, being exceeded in
value of pnxluct.s only by the iron und -ti-.-|. tin- t<-\
tile, and the slaughtering und meat (nicking industries.
There wer.. :;:;.o:i5 establishments, with a t..tul capital
of $»M l.f.i i.;,-.'4. They employed L'»:'..jiM i wage-«arii'

of the administrative and clerical force, an
s.ii employees per establishment, and paid in
wages $li'4,i''J">..V.u. The averngi> wages JHT wage-
earner was $!i7ii. and JHT esUibli.shment. ^'..171. 'fhe
cost of materials used was $.'tl7,U>_>3..r>4*. and the value
of products was fc'Mi.v'.i.'.'.'M. The product INT estab-
lishment was $17.177 and per employee f2,U08. The
amount of lumber produced by the mills was 85,OH4,lrt6
M feet, H. M. The average product per mill was
slightly in excess of a million feet.

Table 1 gives a comparative summary of the leading
statistics concerning the entire lumber industryin 1850,
184)0, 1870, 1880, 1890, and 1!«M). In comparing the
figures with one another certain qualifications must be
kept 111 mind. The money values given for ls7n are
expressed in depreciated currency, and ate therefore
not (mnillel to those given by later I-.-D-MSX-S. They
may be reduced approximately to a gold l>a«is by being
diminished one-fifth. The value of hired property is
not included in the capital reported in island 1900,
because it was not included in the i-.-p.irt- ..)' previous
misuses. The number of wage-earners and amount of
wages in 1890 and I'.MMI include only the number of
those employed and paid at the mills and in independent
timber camps; that is. they do not include the number
of employees and the wages paid at lumber camps which
are connected with mills. Furthermore, the numbemf
employees in 1890 is not comparable with that reported
at other censuses, owing to differences in the methods
used in determining the •'average number of cmp
ees.n It is probable that the number was greatly • ••
stated for 1890. The cost of material in 1890 and
include* the value of the stumpage, wages paid to
employees, and all other items of logging expense at lum-
ber camps which were dependent upon mill-.

(6)

TABLE 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, 1850 TO 1900, WITH PER CENT OF IN'CREASK FOR EACH DECADE.

-

DATE OF CKSM 1.

I'F.R CENT OF IXCKKA-' .

1000

1890

1880

1870

I860

1800

1S1MI
to
11NM

1S80 1870

to to
1X110 1HSO

ISIill

to
ls;»

1S.10

to

IMIO

33,035
8611,611,524
12,530
811,260,608
>:l. 2i;0
*104,640,591
277.900
8103,741,166
1,748
1888,281
3,612
$566,142
H7, 781, 619
8317,923,548

8666,832,984

22,617
$557,881,054
* 20, 375
'(11,203,757
311,964
887,934,284
306,415
887,170,668
2,281
1868,899
3,268
8400,217
823,844,637
8242,562,296

$437,957,382

25,708
8181,186.122

a

147,956
831,845,974
141,564

<3>425
<°U

m

8146,155,385
$233,268,729

25,832
$143,493,232

s

149, 997
840,009,162
146,047

(IU

,430
8210,159,327

2(
874, SM

!

$21, m.

71

("

(3
)j|

$44,58
$96,71

,659
,090

,862

. 4llf>
,171

691

. 788
),856

18,761

811,414,384

(»)
<")
65,810

8i:f,7s7..wj

(a)
452

ffl
1

m

$28,328,792
$60,413,187

46.1
9.6

l«8.5
0.5
19.2
19.0
19.3
19.0
123.4
18.3
10.5
41.5
125.6
31.1

29.4

U2.0
207.9

10.5
26.3

23.0

92.5

10.1
79.8

110.S
17(1.1
116.4

'1.4 ' 97.7
120.4 84.4
'3.1 94.3

35.9
f>7. 4
35.7

4:«i. 7

137.7 11.3

52.8

Wages

145.2

82.6

66.0

87.7

41.4

11.0

131.8
117.3

57.4
60. 1

Value of products, including amount re-

i Decrease.

« Includes proprietors and firm members, with their salaries; number only reported in 1900, but not included in this table. (See Tables 30 and 31.)

' Not separately reported.

This table shows the statistics for the lumber indus-
try in condensed form and on the proper basis for com-
parison. For 1900 the number of establishments is
given as 33,035; this number being the total of all saw-
mills whether operated separately or in connection with
planing mills or logging camps or both, and of all in-
dependent timber camps.

Under the heading of "capital" the total amount of
capital invested in all the four branches of the industry,
namely, dependent logging camps, sawmills, planing
mills, and independent logging camps or timber camps,
is shown.

Under the headings of "wage-earners" and "wages"
are shown the total average number of wage-earners
employed in three of the four branches of the industry;
namely, total average number for saw and planing mills
combined, and the total average number for independ-
ent logging camps or timber camps. The wage-earners
in dependent logging camps are not shown in this table
because this branch of the industry was not considered
as in any sense an establishment, all of the expenses
incident to dependent logging operations being charged
against the sawmill conducting such operations as an
item in the total cost of materials. Hence the total
number of wage-earners shown for the United States,
283,260, represents the total number employed in the
industry exclusive of those in dependent logging camps.

Under the heading of "miscellaneous expenses "is
shown the total of all miscellaneous expenses incurred
in all four branches of the industry, except amounts
paid for contract logging.

Under the heading of "materials" is placed, first,
stumpage value of all timber reported as cut during
the census year, together with all supplies consumed
by forces engaged in the cutting of the timber. In the
case of independent logging camps the cost of materials
stops at this point. In the case of sawmills all further
expenses incident to transporting the logs to the mill
were added in. To this was added the cost of all logs
and bolts purchased for the sawmill, rough lumber for
the planing mill, and all other materials for both saw-

mill and planing mill, together with items of mill .sup-
plies, freight, fuel, power, and heat. This makes the
aggregate cost of materials $317,923,54:8, as shown for
the United States.

Under the heading of "products" the total value to
the establishment of all products turned out is given.
In the case of the sawmill this means that to the value
of all merchant sawed product was added the amount
received by the mill for work done for customers, the
value of custom products being in all cases excluded. In
the cases of planing mills and timber camps, the total
value of products as reported was taken. The total
value of products for the United States, $566,832,984,
was made up in this way.

In the half century the value of products has multi-
plied nearly ten times. In the same time the number
of establishments has less than doubled, showing a
great increase in average capacity. The capital in 1900
was fifteen times as great as in 1850, again indicating
the concentration of the business. The number of
employees has multiplied in the half century about live
and a half times, which, with the still greater increase
in products, argues an increased efficiency per hand, due.
probably, to the use of superior machinery and appli-
ances. The cost of material has increased at a rate
slightly greater than the value of products.

The marked decrease in the number of establishments
in 1890 as compared with those of 1880 has not been con
tinued in 1900, but in place thereof an enormous increase
in the number of establishments is seen, amounting to
not less than 46 per cent. Capital has increased nearly
10 per cent, indicating that the tendency toward the
centralization of the business has ceased, at least for the
present, and that small mills have multiplied. The
number of employees has apparently decreased at the
rate of 9.6 per cent during the last decade, but this is
probably fallacious, as previously explained, while the
amount of wages has increased 19 per cent, which would
indicate a considerable increase in the amount of wages
per hand. The cost of material has increased 31 per
cent, and the value of product 29 per cent during the

• .l.-.ade. Itnth these lust tun iifin- lmv«- incrcaaed
ill :i inin-li smaller rut.- (lian U-foi,-

Tin- following I:'1'''1 sho\\« III.- n -1:1(1.111 :il .-aril COOBUK
Ix-txv. . n tin- nilllllN-r uf establishment-, nil tlli-nlli- hand.
• nil tlir • .i[.ital. eiuplox ees, wage*, material, iin.l product
nil tin- nthi-r:

TU.I. -•- \VI l:\..l i UMTU M Ml'.l II i'K IMHi'V

\v\.,i- \i\n i:i\is 4M. i-i:i>|.i .TS i-i i: i -i M:US||
\n \ r

-

UM.

C«|.ll«l

.

-

j

|7»

it Si

4

-

tut

.

-

•

9

*«.Mt

.

I*

• .

t

,

17

Th. striking feature nf this fcilile, aside from tin-
gem-nil increa.s«» in the magnitude of thecwtal'lishment-.
is the cliange that hus taken phieo tetween 1M»<» and
190"'. All tin- figures indu-ate the multiplication of
-: . i-.stahlishmentx « iii i- «.•« capital, ft mrttUjiafV -.
less wages, smaller amount nf material uxed, and less
value of product. This multiplication of estaMish
meiit- !» proUihly the n-snlt of the great inereatte in
tin- value of lumlnT in the year or two preceding the

-l|s.

.: 3.-AVKK.\i.K W.Vi.ls \\|, ul'TI'IT I'KK
EMPL01

Avrrac* linmimt .
WAfM per put t*-r «-m per MB-
•nplojnM. ptojrc*. ptoTM.

- .

.
i •

,-

n*

s

M

l-'ii-in tin- :il«i\e figures it ap|M-n \iigv» itnil

• •ill. i. -in -\ |I:IM- i. n tin- whole increa>, iiqje

- - IH-I • empl.>\ . ,- II.-IM- ini-rewed 87 |*-r.ent in (In-
half cenliir\. an. I I! ige gttWx output nf the
indu-ii\ per employe has increii.sed in much gn
|in>|Mirtiiui. If \M- i-ini-iiii-1- tin- m-l pro,lu,t ..nl\. tlnil
i-. (h. ii.. leased \alin- given In tin- product l>\ tin- iimnii
fa. luring pi iiicli i- roughly olilained l.y «ul»
tracting (In- value of tin- raw iniitcriiil frmii that of the
finished product, as given aJiove, we find, hnuc\ i-r. iliut
flic net i>ut|iut |N-r employee liui increased onl\ }-.' |M-r
cent in the half century.

XaMc I shows, in . oinpiin-on. the figure.* of the,
lumlier industry l>\ states and for thc« I'liited StateaM
returned at the cen-.UHOH of iSTu. l>sn. |S;MI, und 1900,
and un> jriven in a form Mtniliir to that of Tiilile 1.
1'rior to I.V.MI. the reports of o|M-ratimis designated in
tlie present ceiisii-. a.s ••fiiiilNT camps." were not taken,
(tut have lieen included with the ti^uren of the ntlier
Iminclies of the lumlior industry for IV.MI an<l I'.MNI.
In making comparisons, the pre>cnce of tlie-c ti^un--
for the lasi I\M) cen.*<urieM .should U« considrred. Thn
ntimlM-r of v\a^e earners >hown for 1H70 and 1 •».*«" is
thr niiniliei of employees en^Hjjed in the indiistrv.
while the lifures for IV.l'llind l'-MMI represent the iiiini-

U>r of wajfo-earninjj emplnyi-es only; all Kalurieil
employees. >uch us jjenenil .su|x?rintondents, malingers,
clerks, and salesmen. U>in^ excluded, distinction IMMIIJJ
«liarply drawn U-twi-en salaried empln\ec-- and wage-
earning empli'vees or " wajfp-earncrn."

This cnmjdinitive table iM'injjf in the .-. .ndensed form.
doen not show, in the total nunilicr of wage-can
those hand- cmplnyed in de|M>ndent log^in^ camps, the
logging camp conducted liy the sawmill Ix-ing cnnsid
ored a> a jmrt of the sawmill e.stuhlishment. and all of
the ex|H-ns<'s incident to the delivery of logs at the mill
added in to give the total cost of materials.

TABLB 4.— COMl'AKATIVK SfMMAKY: 1900, 1800, 1880, 1870.

M*, for pnpOMi o( cooputooo, "Oaxol

.... lad children not Mpanlclr Aown In 1KO and IMO.
ml roaputeatbcralDao< ufa> ibuuld be reduced ibmi 10 per eeal
> Mport received pnor to UM.

. :•; •

547. 710
Ml, 710
M&.tU
10.000

t b4«d« o< " Lotttnc " and "CUM ol kM^ol ulJMk.-
ry lor lh«i jreu.

TABLE 4.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY: 1900, 1890, 1880, 1870— Continued.

STATES AND TERRI-
TORIES.

Year.

Num-
ber of
estab-
lish-
ments.

Capital.

AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS AND TOTAL WAGES.

Cost of
materials
used.1

Value of
products.

Total.

Men, 16 years and
over.

Women, 16 years
and over.

Children, under
16 years.

Average
number.

Wages.

Average
number.

Wages.

Average
number.

Wages.

Average
number.

Wages.

1900
1890
1880
1870

1000
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1HNO
1870

1900
1H90
1880
1870

1,199
539
319
211

Sib

258
251
291

159
120
96
32

200
176
300
393

(*)

(2>39
10

76
48
86
80

B,

416
215
135
104

1,254
449
655
532

117
44
48
10

837
363
640
511

1,849
1,633
2,022
1,861

49
3

$21,727,710
6,928,720
1,067,840
694,400

28,236,332
16,184,235
6, 454, 718
3,856,440

972,098
941,561
481,200
132, 700

1,188,965
1,092,586
657,300
775,391

15,895
6,568
1,744
1,107

5,806
4,689
3,434
4,077

732
1,156
877
218

788
783
707
908

$4,730,413
1,894,395
237,394
255,186

2,849,457
1,927,551
1,095,736
1,620,626

331,038
392, 010
112,931
78, 711

306,915
254,926
178,336
242,990

15, 670
6,509
1,690
1,075

5,706
4,654
3,423
4,059

720
1,149
870
217

788
783
699
908

{4,691,024
1,888,755

9
12

81,485
560

216
42
(•4

•
837,904
5,080

$13,068,267
4,798,577
1,070,395
646,059

7,528,215
4,421,267
2,242,503
1,986,119

854,454"
647,058
700,294
117, 075

902,391
765, 751
641,569
940,665

$23,959,983
8, 943, 052
1,793,848
1,344,403

13,764,647
8, 794, 655
4,428,950
5,227,064

1, 627, 605
1,363,749
1,051,295
324,370

1,818,643
1,353,544
1,076,455
1,541,038

California

6

41
29

26

59
6
11
6

1

2,825,527
1,918,525

13,527
7,176

10,403
1,850

12

11
7

326,628
390,875

4,230
1,135

180

Connecticut

7

1

306,915
254,926

Dakota

8

113,750
37,400

354,464
265, 791
259,250
290,424

290
68

433
632
391
811

54,974
14,256

105,093
96,059
40,694
70,823

286
66

398
462

378
308

4
2

12
70
13
3

281,875
32,772

234,193
195, 346

2-ix. :i;r,
229,856

435,792
72,280

471,482
405,057
411,060
405,041

100,325
93,509

23

3,113

1,655
2,550

Diet, of Columbia

Florida

25,666
1,500

14,937,693
5, 438, 366
2,219,550
775,090

11,802,716
5,019,635
3,101,452
1,718,473

913, 352
462, 130
192,460
60,750

5,246,277
4,095,212
8,295,483
2,542,530

10,947,574
11,387,470
7,048,088
5,975,746

104,003
16,000

26
15

7,081
4,363
2,030
1,116

10, 240
5,943
3,392
2,976

406
393
173

47

3,526
4,089
8,851
3,100

9,503
15,021
10,339
9,446

173
38

6,000
1,800

2, 197, 875
1,289,276
562,249
421,820

2,344,523
1,533,217

,'«M.<K-,
667,628

180, 179
136,195
33,367
17,924

1,343,640
1,037,525
787,867
817, 212

3,608,932
4,356,1%
1,571,740
1,901,612

48,498
11,800

26
10

6,936
4,276
1,945
1,091

10,108
5,811
3,298
2,913

398
389
169
47

8,365
4,011
8,652
3,059

9,403
14,480
9,926
9,097

171
88

34,000
20,000

5, 725, 887
2,745,016
1,867,213
1,163,238

6,665,897
3, 304, 249
8, 197, 156
1,616,527

482,200
245,022
230,566
20, 177

4,619,705
2,907,890
8,144,905
2,163,655

11,316,001
10,627,901
9,627,097
6,563,985

81,792
23,900

50,000
30,000

10,848.403
5,5141879
3,060,291
2,236,780

13,704,923
6,545,195
4,875,310
4,044,875

937, 665
631,790
349,635
56,850

7, 652, 118
6, 135, 155
5,063,037
4,546,769

20,613,724
20,278,023
14,260,830
12,324,755

199, 879
41,950

5

107
63
86
28

121
101
94

62

2, 175, 940
1,277,918

38
24

6,999
4,400

14,936
6,958

Georgia

2

11
31

2,330,622
1, 521, 119

1,800
4,250

12, 101
7,848

Idaho

11

8
2

178,779
136,495

1,400
500

Illinois

2

4

200

1,814,793
1,029,092

33
7

8,040
510

128
71

199
39

83
302
413
342

1

20,807
7,923

Indiana

2

17
239

3,691,972
4,266,078

8,886
48,197

13,074
41,921

7
1

48,108
11,800

120

270

Iowa

264
143

328
545

M

27
146
195

1,280

m

670
562

432
127
175
152

838
894
Mi

1,099

887
217
369
891

8,762,219
17,530,335
4,946,390
8,925,001

85,194
70,865
262,975
642,955

9,805,404
6,571,374
2,290,558
1.724,686

20,093,044
5,714,313
108,100
541,800

15,764,638
12,978,315
6,339,396
6,614,875

2,622,928
1,459,8%
1,237,694
1,055,600

2,793
6,819
2,989
3,782

76
102
516
1,161

7,649
6,322
2,601
2,497

10,171
3,311
976
1,054

6,834
11,540

i,. (..;::
8,606

1,964
1,562
U2JS
1.246

1,046,181
2.101,648
825,244
995, 962

22,897
13,555
66,757
282, 662

2,477,696
1,568,894
671,939
482,683

3,837,020
1,160,528
200,003
284, Ml

2,638,771
2,689,845
1,161,142
2,449,132

476, 776
US, MM

228,780
269. Ml

2,677
6,465
2,526
3,563

75
100
W7
1,153

7,385
6,207
2,506
2,425

10,062
8,260
943
1,088

6,775
11,888
6,480
8,463

1,718
1,462
1,216
1.229

1,028,758
2,062,214

6
89

1,229
15,751

111

266
463
202

1
2
9
7

160
108
94
59

108
14
33

14

f.
60
188
41

103

.V.I
23
16

16, 194
33,683

6,324,034
7,960,286
4,141,886
8,802,782

43, 251
43,298

447, 449
822,028

7, 37!t, 1 is
4,875,392
2,410,743
1,805,591

9,449,678
3,089,179
1,187,059
519,938

7,994,596
6,228,808
4,951,957
6,872.723

1,390,357
840,941
1, 106, 795

(174.868

8, 677, OSS
12, 05«. 802

i;.isr,;r,2<
5,794,285

104, 182
85, 521
682, 697
1,786,881

18,774,911

7,904,428
4, 064, 361
8,662,086

17,408,513
5,745,194
1,764,644
1,212,037

13,489,401

11, W.I. ''.'I

7,933,868
11,395,747

2,650.082

I.IMi. 172

1,813.332
1,601.471

K Ml -R>

17

22,747
13,355

160
200

Kentwky . .

1

4

7
1
13

1

87

2,451,590
1,556,128

887
1,152

25,219
11,119

Louisiana . .

8,817,967
1,146,139

400
11,739

18,653
2,650

Maine

2

64
97

2,621,110
2,665,803

11, 674
17,323

987
6,719

Maryland

2

148

31

456,820
825,528

18,778

:..:;<•!

6,178
5,081

Un 1MO and 1900, for purposes of comparison, "Cost of materials used" include!! wages reported under the heads of "Logging/" and "Cost of keep of animals."
= See North Dakota and .South Dakota.
•None reported In 1890 and 1900.
' No report received prior to 1890.

TABLK A._o.Ml'\ l:\ll\l

*rnuM

..,

t WAUI-KA*

• ••• un

»••*

»Tltl* «M. II RUT
T..»l«»

Y«ar

Capital

Ti

*.!

Mrn.l*

»

jr«knu4
rw.

•••

«l"l .

.

•S-

v

WNT--

WKML

^

.

••

66i

M.aM.171

2,7»a

ll.tU.OM

17U

11.200,1*7

to

• • •

6

«»

*.v. .

W.W.MO

7nt*M

••
1 «•

. ••

MM ft!*

?8

1.0M.M*

»

•

4

M*

i:i •

1.W4.M6

i.wr

*.!••

. - .

.

*99t

s

7:o»&; ITS

1 566 K7D

MlrMo-.

NO*

iino
two

i.m

•

I.M*

i. an

,5:2:55

sss

62.M6.9ZX

16,140

11. m. OB>
i& i4n.ua

•,«(7.*0&
•.400.M

:.n

1&.OK7

7,ir.*oo

SM
14*

16

• -•
•

••

Ml
•N

741

M

i
•

».«M

M.4M.M1

14.M7.M1

M,w

M.240.620

-i.M*
'.
*1.*4<K*M

-

I'M

.

4,1M.«02
04 471

27
100

1.7W

IM70.14*

.

.

• (MM

. .

14

M

iiS.m

•

•M

17,8*7.69*

*.<7«

S. 710.7m

•

2.7W.515

2,4*6

«

9. MO

• •-

I6.M6.IIO

4,0-
90 Affr

4.417
1 170

1.IW.C71
1*7 M7

1. U0.41*

21

•

,

•

• 116

5, 77U, **7
I.9JD.IX5

1 lAA V17

1 Mi

.

1 t07

16

-.- •

2.MO.M7

— -

IMO
WO

1.1*7

an

1I.OW.7W
•.J45.426

•,00

CM1

J.012.6W
l.*H.a04
*0*t(H4 I

•-
•.M*
s 40H

!:SS:SI

51

•

-
I6.6M

-
'

•JS

6.410.216

4, at, *M

.-..

11.177.62*

».««•: w.

.

ft, 341 C70

KM

1 u

-

11

100

«.».

1 191

,

1 190

I

.

1,M6,6M

t,*4*,*M

||

. . :

. -

*07 617

•OH

•7,1*1

1

.

,

. .

149

, ..

142

.-...-

UIMO

16)

. .

161

. •••

.

•'

M

m. aao

•

10,727
Ml M7

»

10, 1M

.

1

1M

1

175

27,121

51.771

55

2* SU

1*6

4

, • •

.

.

80

-.

308

11H.V7.S

: • •

.

,

1 175

3,04

.

(*1

1 'f

IfAMA

JA

• M9

0

, -.

.

14

198.AOO

S34

uilm

M4

..

,

1900

11. m. 114

4.1M

1.M4.M6

4.106

1.M7.M*

70

1 •

U

1.M6

-:.M*

•.'.'I-

11*0

7.5tt,l«7
« ?4.% 7*jn

l.«00,*H
&4H.UA

.

1,»72.475

112

i ••

46

48

- •

2,607.471

2.2TAMI

6,1.1

1 M.' H1J

.,

. l

,

7

U

2.471.427

4 *>A 142

1 477 980

706

.. ;-

704

Snft.lMl

S

MO

9M.U1

I.M»,014

-•

IMO

.

)B4

1.667.M*
1 967 38ft

Ml

-

201.7M
17* •*•

O2

780

-"

S

MO

•
(

•

6*6,M7

,-. r.

1,627.640

1*70

C.9MLHD

1 14ft

M* K3&

1 122

M

1.612.M2

i • SI7

N. M M

IQOO

s>

.

S40

Ml

112. H2

1

126

411,627

2f

193,0ft

S16

114

151 165

2

6*0

ir.'.icu

*W 761

..

74,475

171

, ;

172

117 066

171 MO

IH70

12

(7 IQO

d

. ;

gj

40. OM

Nrw York

1910

1.7W

21.JC3.308

2, 717, Ml

•,751

2,71«,IW

77

.- -

a

•.OW.426

•«1.»77

190

.

21.490. 739
IS, 230 994

. •

11 4*"'

S,M*.4M
2 1112,972

;. • -
II OM

t,tn,7n

210

-- • •

219
M

' .

•.M6.4M
*.1I*,2M

17.1«u.547

i ... .

&' jng

s'4» aoi

14 TJQ

44

646

ii.22*i<ia

.

S'-rth <'*n»lin*

..

"

1.770

u,wt,tn

11.761

2.4*1,01*

11, sen

2.4O.VI5

M

4.447

1*6

' .

.

14.XB.6M

VJj

S,*76,M7
1 741,217

ft.4M

1.202.M4
447 ttl

«,M«

1.195.IC6

U

1.M1

M

•1

••

1,M*.MO
1,677, IM

^^B91

2,*72.7M

1 175,960

2361

XT*. 611

-.

I

2*

.- •..

2,000,241

1900

4

13

I 000

r*

(.000

11.5*1

. .

5

IN* MO

136

-

135

•

. .

76,171

...

m

.

8

Onlu

1900

2,064

u.74i.4i>

8,699

>.*.•»

-.402

(.274.M2

7*

16.101

-

7, MO

ll.2M.OtA

ai,7W.H64

1*0
1M>

1.4*1
v fa

II.-05.7W

M.7.T
t .117

8, 14*. 494

1 TOR, 300

. :

S.O»X,2»

71

• -

,-

. m

T.tHl.m

8.M6.10S

-•7».Ml
11.M4.4M

:

. •

1 A3& 909

- • *

12

17*

- -

10. 2». 1W

Oklahoma*

1900

jj

1M.IM

40

9 475

4J

• 475

27.«2I

M.M*

g

16' 006

f)

& 170

2§

..

--

-

• • -

! 1*00

. -

0.000

.

4.0M

' ;

1 021. 914
1.M0.6U

i • -.

S.M1

4.1*2

2.0B.M7

•

71
IS

1».H3

2,««»

20
11

^S

5.727.72*
1.M1.4M
1.M1.K2

10. 152, 167
6.6M.757
2.0M.4M

.

. .

.

.

2

4

-

1.014.211

IVtin.j:».nta .

ino

t»
l.MX
1.827

47.HZ.MB
44. 107. »»
21 418, M

IS, 510

n.m

14,914

S.WO.IO
4.440.4M
2.91(1 4W

U.SS7
1V.IU
14 H

5.521.4M
5,40».7M

42

•t

7.7M
14. M*

in

1M

ss

-77. M*
77.101
U.9U.4M

2».087.»TO

.

.

IT*

24.M4.M4

17 497

6.2*1 aM

--

u

1*4

14 V40.0M

M,(M,M&

Kbodr I-:»n<1

)g

216 (74

12*

;

122

43.182

1

11*

124,971

.

1MB

0

,

Itt

M.S

116

U£M*

M4.*25

49

; ,

US

M|l41

.

....„

uo, m

,.

•-

-

in. 200

•

M.Ht

1*4

1

• •

> In IMO tod 1*00, tar

•.•,..rt.-l In

•Oamof material* upd " Inrlodn wtft* reported under the hewb of " l>«rln( " and " Co* ol lw*p of animal*."

.
• Put ol Indian Territory prior to 1

10

TABLE 4.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY: 1900, 1890, 1880, 1870— Continued.

STATES AND TERRI-
TORIES.

Year.

Num-
ber of
Mtab
lish-
ments.

Capital.

AVERAGE XTMBEH OF WAGE-EARNERS AND TOTAL WAGES.

Cost of
materials
used.'

Viillii- in'
products.

Total.

Men, 16 years and
over.

Women. 16 yt-ars
and over.

Children, under
16 years.

Average
number.

Wages.

Average
number.

Wages.

Average
number.

WHKTS.

Average
number.

Wages.

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1X90
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

1900
1890
1880
1870

729
362
420
227

29
41

a

1,782
820
756
702

687
814
824
324

81
82
107
96

638
779
688
637

1,341
663
907
606

778
462
87
46

950
454
472
343

1,066
1,119
704
720

52
17
7
8

$5,187,727
1,848,155
1,056,265
583,425

288,720
251,255

4,585
2,590
1,468
1,212

181
351

8897,899
420,588
221,963
209,806

92,425
91,585

4,545
2,590
1,431
1,183

181
348

8893,686
420,588

4

8300

36

83,913

82,629,805
9%, 289
1,237,361
581,499

258,955
180, 757

So, 207, 184
•2. 146,7.50
•2,031,507
1,197,005

445, 861
375, 709

87
28

1

92,425
91, 145

3

440

12,900,595
7,259,027
2,004,503
1,622,741

19,161,265
11,175,551
1,660,952
870, 491

182,780
198, 248
272.750
338,500

7,051,523
7,789,874
3,274,250
2,872,451

9,299,046
4,427,627
2,122,925
979,386

26,041,089
21,400,307
2,456,450
1,285,202

10,421.570
5,086,114
1,668.920
981,950

77,366,223
105,191,521
19,824,059
11,448,546

603,966
inn.niu
26,700
110,600

11,192
7,424
3,718
2,910

7,924
7,485
3,186
1,750

140
257
385
541

3,625
6.054
2,511
2,782

7,611
5,973
4,011
2,283

15,696
9,491
499
474

5,327
4,182
2,183
1,515

21,701
41,305
8,465
12,461

559
102
88
213

3,424,510
1,860,008
549,222
578,364

3,094,917
2,656,119
732,914
390, 149

43,504
58,901
65,175
139,533

1,184,904
1,601,776

«;.:>:,:;
729,925

2,144,382
1,244,633
540,231
843,823

8,511,224
4,643,564
200,539
388,830

1,828,558
1,039,530
459,945
349,368

9,480,011
10, 712, 947
2,257,218
3,765,089

256,025
37,803
6,380
104,500

10,832
7,281
3,577
2,868

7,883
7,446
3,136
1,714

130

256
376
638

3,486
5,946
2,411
2,761

7,244
5,550
3,922
2,254

15,603
9,461
495
474

5,266
4,134
2,067
1,484

21,181
40,855
7,748
11,795

559
100
38
211

3,367,115
1,843,485

118

21

25,767
2,156

242
122
141
36

38
31
49
21

5

31,628
14,367

10,008,276
5,045,906
2,142,885
1.446.7S2

9,668,343

6,420,878
2,096,775
644,274

102, 932
131,432
238,274
266. 047

3, 377, 131
3,854,670
2,021,868
1,731,516

6,763,831
2,926,474
1,983,777
860,949

16,465,563
8,331,886
1,188,075
580,259

5,584,717
3,023,297
1,375,372

i;.v.!. isn

35,199,409
36,649,358
12,471,473
7,422,866

297,476
52,166
27,850
99,000

18, 127, 784
9,073,686
3, 744, 90S
3,390,687

16,296,473
11,942,566
3,673,449
1,960,851

214, 187
249,940
375, 164
661,431

6,131,808
8,1(8, CM

3,258,816
3,525,122

1-', 137,177
5,630,600
3, 434, 163
•2,111,055

30,286,280
17. 1.V1.X01
1,734.742
1,307,585

10,612,837
5,515,065
•-',431. 857
1,478,399

57.634,816
60. 966, 444
17,952,347
15, 130, 719

831,558
124, 462
40,990
26S.OOO

Texas

7

3
8
1
15

5
1

3,087,398
2,650,039

296
1,538

7,223
4,542

Utah

42,381
58,886

635
15

488

10
3

40

57
100
15

210
88
89
13

43
11
4

1,166,227
1,485,491

99
51

13,411
8,275

5,266
8,010

Virginia . .

6

157
385

2,109,579
1,196,997

17,384
37. 226

17, 419
10, 410

16

50
19

8,483,203
4,637,517

16, 412
4,032

11,609
2,015

We*t Virginia

1,817,684
1,034,292

5

6

869
608

56
43
126
28

437
142
467
804

10,005
4,730

3

83
808
250
862

9,369,994
10,644,676

18,486
49, 462

91,531
18,809

256,025
37,253

1

250

1

300

1

1

'In 1890 and 1900, for purposes of comparison, " Cost of materials used " includes wage* reported under the heads of "Logging" and " Cost of keep of animals."
» See Dakota.

OWNERSHIP.

The revival of business near the close of the decade
is illustrated by the fact that 7,913 establishments, or
nearly one-fourth of the total number of 33,035, com-
menced operations during the census year. The
proportion of establishments which thus commenced
operations during the census year differed widely among
the different states. In the Northeastern states the
proportion of new establishments was less than the
average of the country. Of the Lake states, Minne-
sota was the only one which had a larger proportion
of new establishments than the entire country, while
in every state in the Southern pine belt the proportion
was greater than that of the United States. On the
other hand, it is a curious fact that of the three great
lumber states of the Pacific coast, Washington was the
only one which showed a greater proportion of new
establishments than the country. In view of the great
increase in the production in these states this situation

can only be accounted for by the fact that the new
mills were of large capacity.

A classification of the kind of ownership shows that
of the 33,035 establishments, 62 per cent were owned
by individuals, 31 per cent by firms, and 7 per cent by
chartered companies. The last are presumably the
largest establishments, and the proportion which they
bear in the different states to the total number may be
an indication of their magnitude. The largest propor-
tion of chartered companies is found in Washington,
with 25 per cent and in California, with 24 per cent,
while Oregon has only 15 per cent. Of the Lake states,
Minnesota and Wisconsin each have about 18 per cent,
while Michigan has but 11 per cent. Of the states in the
Southern pine belt, Louisiana has the highest propor-
tion of chartered concerns, 20 per cent; Arkansas, 13
per cent; Florida, 11 per cent; Texas, 9 per cent; Mis-
sissippi, S per cent; Alabama, 7 per cent. All the
other states in this belt have less than the average of

11

tin- country. Tli«- Northca-tcrn «t lain l-iit few

chartered , ..ni|i:ii:

\l Mil I: "I I -I VI I I-MMt SI-.

'l'ln- total miinlicr nf establishments, includiiii: M. 'i

<inl\ -awmills "lit itl-o independent limltcr camp*, wa-

ii r.tim. I'h. \ uercdi-tribiitr.i very irregularly

oxi-r iln- comitrx and not MOMMrilv in pr.>|H>riii.ii id

the importance of the lumlter industry. In the North

eastern -tales are 28 per cent of the mill-, xxitl l\

!•; |MT cent »f the product, indicating that tin- mill- .•!
thi- section arc of sinalli : • . than the avera;.-

th.- country. The North Central -tales contain •_'!• per
< en! uf the mill- with 1" |KT cent of llu« product, inili
eating llml ihe mill- uf thi- |«rt of the country .-\. .•,,!
in capacity the average <if the . •uiintry. in tin- South-
cm *tal |>crcent uf the mills an«l only :'.:: |MT

rent of the ]>n>iliiet. indicating that they, like thn.se of
the Northeast, • r n -tai« -. are of less average capacity

than that uf tl omitry. The Western -fate- contain

tf |n-r cent only of the mill- t>ut produce 11 per eent
of the entire product. The above figures of prod net
depend upon values, nut ii|x>n quantity of tiinltcr. If
the latter, they xmuld IM> modified somewhat by the
specie- ami it- value per thnti.sand foot. Tim- the
Noithcastcrn states produce It! per eent of the total
product. lM>th as to value and i|iiantity. The North
iral -tales, where mainly white pine i.s cut. pnxiueo
nt of the product expressed in feet of lumU-r.
luit 4<> per eent expressed in value. The cane in
in the Southern stales, which produce 39 per
. . -nt in quantity awl only 38 per cent in value, while
the Western states, which consist in the main of the
heavy foiv-t- of the l'a( iti< coast, produce 10 per cent
in quantity ami 11 per cent in value.

3( lyinjf this subject with reference (o individual
state- it appears that, as a rule, the older lumber states
contain the smallest mills. The greatest number of
mills is found in Pennsylvania, which has, however, a
low product per mill. In the three great lumber state**
alNwt the Lakes- -Michigan. Wi-cuii-iii. and Minnesota —
Michigan still contains the largest number of mills, and
Minne-ota the -malle-t. In product. Wisconsin is the
foremost, followed l>y Michigan and Minnesota in the

order named. The luinlier industry con need in thi.-

Lake region in the state of Miehipui and has moved
westward, so that Minnesota represents the late-t st^e
in the lumber movement in this region. The mills are
smallest in Michigan and far the largest in Minnesota.
At present the pine is largely cut from Michigan, and
the industry is moving away from that state. \\ iscon-
-in appear- to he enjoying the height of it- pru-j>erity
as a lumber state, while Minnesota has not yet reached
its maximum.

In the Smth. TII -tales we find a similar progress.
The eastern portion of this yellow-pine belt, mainly that
compri.-ed in the states of Virginia, the Carolina*, and

-in. win, h have lung been the wene of m n\>- lum
her o|tcni(i<>n-. h:i\. . iii the mum. -mall mill-. The
recent movement in the Snithi i n pme IN It has ap|iar-
ently gone. mainl\ . t<« Mi— i— ippi. 1.. .nisinnu. ArkantHM,
and Texa.-. th. \\e-tern half of (hi- region, ami '
mills are much larger than in the eastern pai i.

• M-ITAI-.

Of the aggregate capita I of "lumU-rand sawmill-."
.•ni i- applied to lugging: three toiirth- of thi*
consisting of land, nearly all »f whi.-h i- timU.r land.
Nineteen |HT cent of the aggregate capital applies to the
sawmill plant, and 8 per cent t<> the planing mill plant,
the remainder. .'!."> percent. consUiing of \v hat i- denomi
nateil live capital, comprising raw material, lini-hed
products on hand, and cash, bills receivable, unsettled
aooount-. etc.. which talongs in unknown pro]N>rtion-
to each of the three branches of the imin-ti\. Of tin-
plant of the indejMMident logging camjw. tuo third- n-p
resent the value of timber land.

The largest capital invested is found in the three
white pine states on the Ijikes, \\'i-cun>in having the
heaviest capital invested of any stale in the country.
After thi -. -tati-- Pennsylvania has the largest amount,
followed }>\ California and Washington. Among the
Southern .-tuti-s the westernmost in the yellow-pine
belt have the largest capital invested.

Wage* paid to the hands in this indu-lry differ widely
in different j»irtsof the country, and. in a general way .
follow the magnitude of the operations, Ix-ing higher
in the larger mills, although controlled, lo some i.\tcnl,
by general lumber conditions. As a whole, wages are
less in the South than in the North. l>ut in the Soul h
they differ widely tictween the states on the Atlantic
border and the western portion of this timber region.
The wage;, in the Northeastern stales are somewhat
higher than the average of ihe counlry. while in the
West they are far above that average.

PBODC<T.

Of the total product of the lumber indu-try . exclud-
ing planing, which is a rcmanufadure, sawed lumber
formed in value si. 2 per cent, or nearly tiveMxths of
all product.-. Shingles formed :J>.'.> per cent, cooperage
materials 3.6 per cent. pile-, telegraph poles, and rail-
way ties, charcoal, etc.. product- of the timber camp.
3.3 per cent, and all other products is per cent. Of the
sawed lumber. 7.V-' per cent consisted of conifers, and
24.8 per cent of hard woods. Of the conifers, yellow
pine predominated, the cut of southern yellow pine
being '.'.t>71.iis<i M feet, and that of western yellow pirn-
931.828 M feet. The cut of southern yellow pine was
27.8 per cent of all lumber, and 37 |«T cent of all coni
fei-. The cut of white pine was 21.5 per cent of all
lumber; of hemlock, 9.8 per cent: of red fir, 5 per cent :
of spruce, 4.2 per cent: and of other conifer-, -mailer
proportions.

12

Of the hard wood*, more than half consist* of oaks,
which furnish 51.4 per cent of hard woods, and 12.8 per
cent of all lumber. Poplar supplies 3.2 per cent of all
lumber, and other species in still smaller proportion.

The great lumber states are Wisconsin, with 10 per
cent of the product of the country; Michigan, with 9.6
percent; Minnesota, with 7.7 per cent; Pennsylvania,
with 6.3 per cent, and Washington, with 5.3 per cent.
These live states collectively cut nearly two-fifths of all
the lumber product of the country. The three states
on the northern Lakes, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minne-
sota, the three leading states in this industry, cut about
27 per cent of all. The three states on the Pacific coast,
Washington, Oregon, and California, which contain at
least one-third of the standing timber of the country,
cut only 9.5 per cent of its total lumber product, less
than Wisconsin and about the same as Michigan. The
states of the Southern pine belt cut 25.2 per cent, less
than those of the northern Lakes, although their area
is several times as great.

The movement of the lumber industry in the country
in its broad outlines is set forth for the past fifty years
in the following table, showing the percentage of the
total production in the country which was contributed
by each of the four principal lumber regions at each
census:

TABLE 5.— PROPORTION OF TOTAL LUMBER PRODUCT
BY GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS.

YKAKS

North-
eastern
states.

Lake
states.

South-
ern
states.

Pacific
states.

I860

64 5

6 4

13.8

8.9

I860

36.2

18.6

16.5

6.2

1870

86.8

24.4

9.4

3.6

1880

24 8

33 4

11.9

3.6

1890

18.4

36.3

15.9

7.3

1900

16.0

27.4

25.2

9.6

In 1850 the Northeastern states contributed consider-
ably more than half of the total lumber product of the
country. In 1860 and 1870 it had dropped to somewhat
more than a third; in 1880 to a fourth; and in 1900 it
was less than one-sixth of the total lumber product. The
Lake states, starting in 1850 with one-sixth of the lum-
ber product, increased their proportional output rap-
idly and continuously up to 1890, when, with the
growing scarcity of white pine, the industry commenced
to languish in this region, and in the last ten years
shows a substantial relative decrease. The Southern
states, starting with a little more than one-eighth of
the lumlx-r product of the country, increased in 1860
to about one-sixth. Then came the war, which of course
paralyzed the industry. We find these states starting
over again in 1870 with less than one-tenth of the coun-
try's production. From that time on the increase has
been steady and fairly rapid, and in 1900 these states
contributed one-fourth of the country's product.

The three states of the Pacific coast have never been

a large factor in production, the proportion prior to 1880
commonly ranging between 3 and -i per cent, excepting
about 1860, when, probably owing to the prosperity of
the California mines, the proportion ran up to over 6
per cent. Since 1880, however, the proportion has
increased, and in 1890 these states produced nearly one-
tenth of the country's product. It is probable that in
the future the proportional production from these
states will greatly increase.

In the following table are presented the average value
of machinery, implements, etc., the average product,
average number of wage-earners and average wages
per establishment, and the average product and average
wages per wage-earner, for each state in 1900:

TABLE 6. — AVERAGES PER ESTABLISHMENT OF MA-
CHINERY, PRODUCT, WAGE-EARNERS AND WAGES;
AND AVERAGES PER WAGE-EARNER OF PRODUCT
AND WAGES; BY STATES: 1900.

STATES.

Average
machin-
ery per

establish-
ment.

Average
product
jer estab-
lishment.

Average
number
wage-
earners
>er estab-
lishment.

Average
total
wages
paid per

establish-
ment.

Average
product
jer wage-
earner.

Aver-
age
wages
per
wage-
earner.

j:;.'.*i:>
4,949.
18, 715
4,998
24,152

2,371
1,548
1,635
8,612
3,806

2,518
1,672
1,554
1,342
3,080

888
1,775
10,454
3,200
2,146

2,010
6,755
13,939
6,415
3,015

4,088
1,210
976
3,935
1,802

2,129
2,183
2,560
1 4K.
1,591

1,148
6,281
3, 421
1,413
2,407

3,023
l.lffi
7,163
1,149
2,527

2,016
9,595
3,266
8, MM
6,596

$11,581
8,449
39,128
19,983
43,976

10,236
9,093

i;.-o:i
26,077
10,929

8,014
9,142
11,148
4,079
32,867

1,929
10, 761
40,297
16,097
7,221

11,801
31,842
99,509
18,550
9,338

21,228
2,251
1,765
16, 670

9,068

12,863
8,933
8,397
6,050
10,122

1,926
23,743
15,291
6,674
7,143

15, 375
10,466

•.•:., :»s:i
2,644
9,319

9,051
3H.928
11,171
54,066
15,991

8
3
14
13
18

5
4
6
17
8

8

4
5

10

1
6
24
8
6

5
16
35
11
5

8
1
1
8
3-

11
4
7
3
4

1
9
6
4
6

6
6
12
2
6

6
20
6
20
10

ROM

3,079
9,844
8,945
9,104

2,082
1,535
1,383
5,283
1,869

1,589
1,605
, 1,962
990
3,963

424
1,936
7,725
3,143

1,299

2,197
6,523
16,303
3,306
1,681

4,589
466
344
2,998
1,490

3,529
1,551
1,407
750-
1,606

287
4,642
2,874
1,237
1,232

3,187
1,977
4,859
537
1 801

1,599
10,940
1,925
8.H93
4,924

$1,388
2,608
2,780
1,507
2,871

2,224
2,308

I.IIS'.I

1,532
1,338

2,310
2,170
2,169
1,155
3,107

1,371
1,825
1,712
1,974
1,849

2,358
2,072
2,879
1,618
1,850

2,477
1,670
1,765
•2,201
2,633

UfM

2,302
1,265
2,017

I m

1,478
2,535
2,646
1,899
1,188

•>. \c;.\
1,620
2,057
1,530
1,692

1,596
1,930
1,992

•Jrc,<i
1,488

$244
950
699
298
491

452
389
243
310

Si

444

381
380
280
375

301
328
328
385
243

439

425
472
288
333

EM
346

:;il

B

433

332
400
212
250
386

220
496
411
352
196

610
306
391
310
327

282
542
348
487
468

Florida

Illinois

Indian Territory

Maine

Nevada

New Hampshire
New Jersey

North Carolina
North Dakota

Ohio

South Carolina
South Dakota .

Utah

Virginia

Went Virginia

\\Nriilisln

As a rule, the average value of machinery per estab-
lishment is greatest in the newest and most active lumber
regions, where are naturally the largest mills employing

13

the moat modern m.-th.«l-. :i- i- -•• -n in tin- . :i»

\\ i-con>i- . Muni. • I . Florida. l.oiii-iana. Wa-hing
ton. California, and Arizona: while in tin- older |UIII>M-I
-t.-tt. -. like Maim-. Michigan. HIK! ill.- Carolina-, the
Value "f machinery i* l«'\\.

Ihr -itualioii i- inil.-li the Millie \\ith product-. :ui.l

f,.i tin- mine n-a-.n Tin- pi-lm i p.-r mill i- greatMt
in M nn. -.-la. i- large in \Vi-con-in. Washington, and
( alii'ornia, and -mall in the older lumber statea. Similar
drought out by the columns of wage-
earner and wages.

The average product per wage-earner i- in general
gn-Ht.-t in I h- • gr. -lit liimU-r -tat. M\ tln>-- i"

th.- North and West, and is least in tin- Suitli.-rn ri
and in those states in which the lumber indu-trx is not
of great importance.

In. average wages per wage-«i. li-tril.ut.-d m

linn-li tin- -am«- wu\ . llnil i-. tin- greater tin- clli. i-
tin- higher the wages. Of (In- pn.miii.-nt lunilx-r -tatea
tin- highe-t v . ptiid iii \Vii-hih^l4in. w IH-IV tin-

i-inploM-i- r.-.-i-ixi- :iiitiii!illv un iiM-nip- of J.%4'.'. In

.•on th,-\ reoefo 9tt6 iad In Qattforafe 949L '
ivigr- IM '- in tin I..... i ii- -.:•'.- •.,,,.>,;•'•
\! uneoota. $487 in WiM-on^in. mid $4 •_'.'. in Mii-lii^iui.
In tin- SuitlnTn \i-llo\\ pini- -tat.-- tin- H\.TH^I- iiiiiiuul
wageU9283. Wajfi-s iin- hiyln-r in tin- n.-wi-r -tut'-.
in \vhi<-li tin- luinlM-r in.lustry iw di'vt-lojM-il II|MHI a
laiyi- -i-iilf. tliiin in thi> oldor Mat.--, wlu-n- it Im- lx-<-n
prow-, ut.-il for generation*, a* in Texa»*. \\hi-n- tin-
a\.-nigc iiiiiiuul wage is C.HU1; in l/oui^'mnu. ?•".'_'*. ami
in Florida.

THK KLKMENTS OF THE LUMBKK IM»l >TRY.

Ikble 7 preaento tb» principal rtatirticB for thel'nit.-'l
States and for t and torritorieu neparaU»ly nf

all the l.'vrjrinj: t-amps, im-ludintf thowe operating ind.-
pemii-ntlx mid tho«e carried on by sawmill organiza-
tion-, tin- ti>:iiii-- for the two being here consolidated.
;. i.; |.i.--«'nt- tin- -tati-ti. - of «awiuilUdi-tinc-t from
tlia-^1 of associated lumber i^ampn on the one hand and
of associated planing mill- on th«- other, and Table 19

pr.-.-nt- til. -tati-ti. •- of all pfauiia| !n:li-. : n. lihiin-

I>IOM> whi.-li are associated with sawmills and those
whifh HI. n|H>ratcd independently. The tijjur.-- of tin-
latter have not been presented in any matter which
precedes. The leading figures of the three branches of
the iiiilii-trv are presented side by side below:

NiimbwolwUblUhmenu.

<«(.1U1

w«

Ixwtnc

tewrnlU*.

.

- • -

t274.4tt.09K
120. 122

t44.4».IOO

tB7.»6.«M
tl74.OBt.M5 t4ZZ.K12.Otl

tiot.m.87i t\96.eri.o»

10,201

- •

. , -

tire. 012, »2

t276.M6.iKU

tM.96t.lM

The gross prodiu-ts are in the proportions of 20, 48,
and H-_' jx-r i-i-nt. while thi- net products are in the quite
different proportions of -_'7. »'.*. and 24 per cent

These three special tal«li-. -howing the two logging
branches of the lumber industry combined, the sawmill
branch separated, and the planing-mill operations com-
bined, are not intended to be exact tabulations of returns
made at the Twelfth Census, but are presented in this
detailed way for the purpose of giving a clearer con-

• --ption of both the relative and actual importance of

• a, h bntn.-h of the lumber industry; and since su.-h
;>r<--entation of the subject was not contemplated \vln-n
th -. hedule was framed, it has been found necessary to
complete the information under certain headings by esti-
mate-. In nil >iieh cases, however, these figures have
been supplied with extreme care; so that the results
should har.lly be described as estimates, but rather as
logical inf. n-nces from data and relations actually
reported.

UNHUNG ('AMI'S.

Table 7 presents separately the entire logging
ness, including the logging OMItpt operated in .-oniie. tion
xvith sji\xinill-. together xxitli tlio-.- operated independ
ently. The lf>.U7«> establishments ro|xirting had a <-npi
tal of H274,4«i«i,t»<.ts. an average, per eMalili-liment of
$17,870. The average number of wage • arm-r- |MT • -
tal.li-hin.-nt was 8. The stum]Mge .-<>-t mi anax.-rage
for all spwies and for the entire country was $2.1* per
thousand feet. Saw logs, which formed the chief prod-
uct, had an average value |>er thousand feet of $4).-J>.
thu- the increase in value due to the ojM-ration- of log
ging was $4.10 per thousand feet. Out of this, wage-
cost $1.76 pi>r thousand feet, and iiii.-cellaneou- .-\
penses $0.94 per thou-and. leaving $1.4<> |>er thou-and
feet as protit. Other products of logging camp- con-
sisted of iKisket. coop»>rage and ex.i-l-im -t... k. fence
po-t-. hop jxjles, handle st<x-k. Iwrk for tanning, pil.--.
paving -lock, railway ties, rived -liingle-. nia-t- and
spars, ship knees, telegraph pole*, v heel -lock, and
charcoal. Of the total product, saw log- formed IM JMT
cent, leaving only 9 per cent a- the proportional value
of miscellaneous products.

The following is a schedule of the principal mi-..-l
laneous products of timber camps:

Quwitur.

V.l.i-

Bwkrt nock, rank

iJS

a Ml

KxceUor Mock. 'cord*
rmrepcvU,M

-

4».«7*

-..

i •-

.

..

.

, : •

. •

., i .

S.9U

ZJH.WO

ptlm, M

U4

.-

Tto. M

• •

Rlvrd .hiri'lc^ M

41.4X1

7R.W

Mut« «n<1 *f*n. number
Ship knee*, number

> Z.MO

«•£

•

.' ;

*S

4*. 116

*.-!*.**

4M.2H

1.4M.U*

IM

Measured in quantity of product, \\'i-<..n-in i- the
leading state in the logging industry, with -_'.4 1 :.'.

14

feet, Michigan is second in rank, and Washington third,
followed by Minnesota and Pennsylvania.

Measured by amount of capital. Wisconsin is still in
the first place, followed by Michigan. Minnesota, Penn-
sylvania, California, and Washington in the order named.
Measured by the number of wage-earners, Michigan
takes first place, with Wisconsin second, then Minnesota,
then Washington.

The discrepancy between the amount of product of
the logging camps, 26,000,000,000 feet, and the prod-
uct of the sawmills, 35,000,000,000 feet, more or less,
is accounted for as follows:

(1) Failure to report by individuals and small con-
cerns. It is probable that the returns from the saw-
mills are far more complete than those from logging
operations, because much of the latter is on a petty
scale.

(2) Difference between the scaling of the logs in camp
and the actual cut.

The amount of the first item is unknown, but is prob-
ably great. The effect of the second is also probably
large, as it is perfectly well understood that the scal-
ing of the logs at the camp is less than the amount of
sawed product actually produced.

Under the heading of ''capital" are included all
items of capital invested in both plant and live capital
in the two branches of the logging industry. Under
the heading of "wage-earners "are combined the total
number of wage-earners employed in dependent logging
camps and those employed in independent logging
camps, together with their wages, and under "ma-
terials," is shown the total quantity of saw logs reported
as cut from the stump throughout the United States

during the census year, together with their value on
the stump, and, also, under a separate heading, the
value of all other stumpage cut during the census vear.
This ''other stmnpage" covers the class of timber
from which such products as telegraph poles, fence
posts, railway cross-ties, etc. , were manufactured. The
products in this table are similarly arranged, those prod-
ucts of the camps which went to the sawmills to be
used in producing lumber being classified as saw logs,
while the value of all other products of the logging
industry is separately shown.

In making up this item of products, it was necessary
to estimate the value of products in dependent logging
camps, for the reason that this branch of the lumber
industry had not, in the arrangement of the schedule,
been treated as a complete establishment; i. e., the
reports were not made in such a way as to show on
the schedules a product for dependent logging camps.
The estimated value of the dependent logging camp
products, however, it is believed, was computed with
approximate accuracy, on account of the similarity of
operations and expenses in dependent logging camps
and independent logging camps. Another guide in
arriving at the proper value to assign to the products
of dependent logging camps was in adding together the
items of expense shown on sawmill reports that were
incurred in bringing the logs from the- stump to the
mill. By adding to this total cost a reasonable amount
of profit, an amount representing approximately the
same percentage of increase over cost of materials as
was found to have been reported on the independent
logging camp schedules, it is thought that the value of
this product has been fixed with practical correctness.

16

TABLE 7 — LOGGING CAMPS— SUMMARY

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

Number
of estab-
lish-
ments.

Capital.

Proprie-
tors.

SALARIED KMPLOYEES.

WAOE-EAKNEBS.

Number.

Salaries.

Number.

Wages.

United States

15,376

$274,466,098

IK, 489

2,406

$1,785,738

120, 122

$44, 439, 100

658
12
7
738
231

. 84
97
31
252
793

66
342
591
19

85

19
522
273
292
164

247
690
165
500
508

94

8
4

260
84

16

647
918
4
691

7
274
1,046
19
370

25
653
413
48
299

661
551
407
459
87

6,583,875
54,000
489, 026
9,572,851
18,295,293

286,856
451,968
81,135
8,143,661
6, 146, 964

284,532
1,513,362
1,883,526
10,885
3,096,092

27,388
3,405,932
8,492,539
6,178,405
1,101,641

1,700,742
31,588,689
26,042,470
8,825,755
4,309,060

705,019
72,975
4,166
5,393,667
405,796

124,991
9,499,802
6,242,710
19,160
3,258,257

89,206
2,976,044
23,243,085
111,560
1,990,440

130,485
2,890,722
9,594,929
72,205
2,136,032

8,449,113

11,854,999
4, 757, 919
37,420,320
460,850

797
6
8
872
278

99
120

as

301
966

79
406
707
22
102

23

633
324
349
197

294
824
189
600
606

110
10
5
315
101

19

774
1,100
5
829

8
335
1,264
22
444

80

788
492
58
359

792
697
487
550
46

111

1
6
121
75

3
8
1
67

3
10
26

62, 457
560

N,:(I;II
84,016
86,805

485
J.100
700
46,273
38,881

550

9,450
16,125

3,703
23
145

5,779
4,063

269
3ol
98

•2. <~i;
5,095

191
760
2,430
39
126

17
1,915
3,882
2,232
521

789
13, 107
8,889
4,261
2,566

778
8
2
2, 773
297

817
2,684
4,812
5
2,093

6
1,657
7,185
66
2,103

144
1,959
3,421
62
1,126

8,580
8,206
2,784
9,656
521

v.>J. »±J

19, 443

11)7, 040
1,809,366
2,078.507

124,01)7
132, 456
22,060
814, 673
1.172,068

84.096
268, 392
898, 496
7,909
52,536

5, 270
5S.V.1I7
1,211,782
762,829
147, Z«

322, 90S
5, 345, 880
3, 902, 231
1,223,297
864.109

409,817
3,190
850
906,110
113. H.i

87,333
1,036,357
1,059,329
1,400
790,300

1,250
S06, 391
2,895,904
23,537
137, 433

69,346
571,857
1,281,806

22. S'Ji

350, 55S

1,089

4,716,129
v>. >7
3,818,254
239,569

Uaska .

California

Florida .

Idaho

Illinois .

2

2,000

26
84
55
14

4
849

223
77
48

14

10,264
72,996
23,737
5,750

700
301,894
170, 135
49,342
30,238

16,490

Maine

Maryland

Mississippi

Missouri

42
2

3
57
70

20,099
1,248

2,200
83,673
37, 315

New Jersey

North Dakota

13

7,598

41
77
1
36

2
38
52

29,071
54,837
600
16,800

1,800
17,965
37,245

South Carolina

South Dakota . . .

Utah

Vermont

7

75
202
45
226
12

2,950

50,955
218, 131
29,484
173,452
8,000

Virginia

West Virginia

\Vvnining

17

M. II l:l:in<

IO«n( k.

ofuto

MSB

•

II. IW

-
• .

1.M4.4M

161.14*
1.244

212.472

10J

.

1.11S.M*
MC.tM

4H.IM 1M.MO
Utto

M»:*KS aim

-
-
IT*. *n

1*0.1

M1.7M
Sl.M*

A3 &S

£s «.s

•

74, OH

i.*

04.071

• • -
•

..

M7.S4B

II*. *»

«!;S

uo.s« iH.?a

Til. 112 1.»I2.MM

1.S.OHI

1*7.«0» I4.4SI

21.»4»
29H.M1

•

&s

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i.m

217.441

.
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I.M* MS

M •,m*M[ IM.4M.474

Ti*»l rain*.

I.WU

•46, M2

i.2M,m

MM. 144

-

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1.13MO*
I.MO.M7
1 140*00

X7.M7

6&1.7M6

K.HIA.tlU
T. 431.40"
1. 4M.IM

•

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l.MI.MS
1.480. m
S.l»

4*7. 1M

1.M0.7B

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I.4M.MS

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2.170

*2».4M
172.207

S.M7.MS
1.*

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V».»I4

4*7. 7M
m.MK

i.-l .»i*

i.Tw.ao?

17.210

10&.U1

*££

.

6».»*7

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*M.»»

1.19. IB

•M.M4

141*09

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10.74*

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T.W7.7M
•.M.I04

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1.700

•J. 077. 414

2.04&

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.
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41.117
7S.M

'
3*. 175

124, nt

M.M
1M.M*
B4.100

I.MR. 7X7
7*. 174
2*1.4*0
147,104

•
1.624

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11.4*7

7.067

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M* MO.Wl

• I74.UM.M6

B.4UJLM6

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4*2.7**
•44.41*
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12.240

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17. (14

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407. 614
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74C.OZ1

18

Logging is conducted in different parts of the coun-
try at different time* of the year, on account of the
difference in climate, and by differing methods and ap-
pliances, which are controlled in large part by the size
of the timl>er. In the Northeastern and Lake states
lumbering is carried on mainly in the winter time in
order to take advantage of the snow upon the ground
for hauling the logs to the streams or railroads which
are the means of transportation. Felling is done mainly
by sawing upon the upper side, while upon the falling
side the tree is chopped. The logs are cut into lengths
by sawing. Logs are moved about in the woods prin-
cipally by animals, such as oxen or horses, upon roads
made sometimes of earth and sometimes by logs placed
crosswise on the ground, or by two lines of logs laid
lengthwise with a space between them forming a sort
of chute. In some cases logs are dragged on these
roads by wire cables operated by donkey engines.
The earliest logging was done in the neighborhood of
streams which were used as carriers. As the timber
in the neighborhood of the streams was exhausted and
operations were carried into the areas between the
streams, light logging railroads were built and logs
hauled to the streams upon them. As areas were suc-
cessively stripped of their timber the rails were taken
up and put down elsewhere.

In the Southern pine region lumbering goes on at all
times of the year with little distinction of season.
Otherwise the methods employed are very similar to
those in use in the lake states.

In the Pacific coast region logging is also carried on
at all times of the year. Here the comparatively great
size of the timber requires the use of more complicated
machinery than in the East, and the use of animals is
almost entirely given up. Here, as in the East, trees
are cut in part by the saw, in part by the ax, chopping
them on the falling side. In the fir forests of Washing-
ton and Oregon and in the redwood forests of Califor-
nia the use of donkey engines in the woods for handling
the logs and debris is very general, as is also the use
of similar engines and wire cables for dragging the logs
over skid or other roads to the railroad. In the more
open forests of yellow pine in the Sierra Nevada Moun-
tains traction engines are commonly used in the woods
and for hauling. Cranes are commonly employed
throughout this region for loading logs on the cars, and
at present, transportation of logs is done almost ex-
clusively by railroad, since the areas adjacent to driv-
able streams are nearly exhausted.

TABLE 8.— LOGGING CAMl'S— AVKRAC il> PER ESTABLISH-
MKNT BY STATES AND TKItKITOKI KS, AND FOR THE
UNITED STATES: 1900.

Capital.

Number
<>f wage-
earners.

Amount

i»l' \\ ;im>.

Quantity
Mft.
H.M.log
stump-
age.

Value of
product.

United States

$17 .sfiO

8

1U n>;;

6

1 367

1 238

4 500

2

69 861

Arkansas

1" ''71

g

>> |V

79 200

18

Colorado

8,415

3

1 477

1 083

4 659

2 617

3

713

Florida

32 316

11

7 752

6

4 311

3

1 274

830

Illinois

4 425

|

' 7s;>

Indiana

3 1H7

4

1 520

690

6 H6t>

Indian Territory

573

|

416

223

1 OS1

Ii6 425

1

618

1 267

lr> nM

1 441

1

278

0 525

I 128

684

SI 10S

14

4 439

3 355

19 469

17 7:U

8

2 613

1 270

10 7>4

(1 717

3

898

716

6 886

3

1 307

644

6 809

!."> 7S1

19

7 748

3 212

29 655

157 X'-M

54

23 650

11 636

97 163

17 H.V>

9

2 447

1 735

8 275

8 482

5

1 701

840

6'220

7 500

g

4 360

2 499

11 280

9 l'>2

1

399

'232

1 372

1,041

1

212

181

72S

20 745

U

;: is:>

1 962

15 117

4 H31

4

1 347

454

5 095

7, 812

20

5 458

1 318

12 800

14 <IH3

4

1 602

767

6 745

I'p SOO

B

1 154

960

4 330

North Dakota

4,790

1

350

425

2 125

Ohio

4 "OH

3

1 144

589

G 345

12 744

1

179

115

669

10 861

6

2 943

1 617

7 590

•_"J 221

7

2 769

1 671

13 687

5 872

3

1 239

824

8 139

5 380

6

1 I*''

857

3 748

South Dakota

5, 219

j

•> 771

937

6, 475

4,427

3

S76

570

•1 it1.')

23 232

g

3 104

2 131

it -mo

Utah

1 504

1

475

252

1 litil

7,144

4

1 172

713

4 256

Virginia . ...

5 218

5

1 573

956

S .Ml

21 515

15

s ;,;,'>

3 928

20 429

West Virginia

11,690

7

2, 207

1,244

S ..M|

81,526

21

8 319

5, 257

:t'.t it; I

12 455

14

6 475

420

16 203

Table 8 gives several measures of the magnitude of the
loggingbusiness in the United States, and in the different
states and territories, individual!}'. Measured by the cap-
ital invested per establishment, the average of the United
States is exceeded in only 12 states, these states being in
the Lake region, the Southern pine region, and the far
West. The largest logging camps, whether measured by
the amount of capital, the number of hands employed, the
amount of wages paid, or the quantity and value of the
timber produced, are, on the average, in the state of
Minnesota. Here the industry is carried on upon a
larger scale than anywhere else. The capital invested
per establishment is nearly double that of Wisconsin or
California, whose operations are next largest. The

19

average nuinU-r of hand- employe,) in tin- camp- of
Minnesota I- limn- than double lli:il of aii\ other state.

The wages an- double lho-e »f an\ utln-r »tate m tcrri
lory except Ari/ona, mill tin- cut and \alucaredoublc

til I " :in\ nl In- 1 -tate. Tin- -tlldy of (hi- table -ho\\-

that the lumlx-r camp- in (In- newer lumlter region-
ill neiirlx nil case-, ti t. Fur instance. those of

Minnesota are larger than those of Wisconsin, and
those .if Wisconsin larger tlmii tho-. of Mi, -Ingim. while
tlir i>|M-ni(inii- »f all tin., -i.ii. - .He iiinducted on a

-ale of great magnitude. Ill the Suithefn -lal' - ».-

find the -ame rule to hold good. The camp* of Texas
ami Louisiana huve larger capital, employ more men,
l>i\ a turner amount of waged, and cut more timlierper
eMtatilishinent than those of tin- Carolina- and Georgia.

TABUC O — UKHUMi CA MI'S— STUMPAGE AND LOG VALUE,
I'KR M KKCT. B. M., BY STATES AND TERRITORIES,

AM> Fi>|; Till: IMIl I- -1 \ll -

U« Mump.
afe.ralne.

H.wk«a.

H.V

Alatama ...

: -

(

Alaika

-

Arln.ru

.01

7 tO

ArkanaM...

.0*

4.74

.

II

4.41

QttaMl

.17

4.N

Connrrth-nt

•

7 H

.

Florida

.a

.01

4.41

1,1.1,,.

w

1.16

Illlmito...

2.04

Indiana ....

In, lUn Territory

1 21

4 4»1

4.16

12. 16

7 IM

*.«7

Ixmliaana ...

Mamr

K.I&

Marvland

4V. 75

9 49

Michigan...

7 4O

Mlnimuta

1.40

-

4.4O

•

6. »1

I.IK

1 II

Vrl.r».k«

1.04

\. w HamhBhlfT

•

•

7 M

Xrw M-

1.14

, -

Nr«r Yi.rk _

I. 12

7.74

''•n.llna.

1 14

4 46

1 00

(1.00

4.M

< ik'ali'.lu*

.V*2

Orecon

.

4 46

..

«. 71

Rhode I*lanil

7 1.%

1 9

4.16

1 S-,

i i;

. ,

Vlah . .

1 33

-

Vintmla

1.71

-

~

6.14

irlnla

2.38

,v

1.M

- •

wynBln«

1.T7

&.M

Table H, showing the value of .itumpage and of saw

!«,._'- !iy -tatr-. |'ri--i'iit- data eollertively for all -jx-cic-
« nt within the limit* of the several states. Still, in

certain -tat«-- certain -penes are KO greatly pivd i

nant that [n-.n-tically the tijfures given repi. -i nt the
values of thos<> predominant sjM-eie-..
The average stuuipage in the United States ha* a

- • »i,ii,. the -a» logH are

\alii.-.l at *>;.-.'•> per ihniisand. -I- increase in

\:i!uc. due to the logging O|H-I al I..M-. of »>4.|n. The
figure- for s(iiiii|Ntge and »aw log- an<l tin- value of the
logging o|N>iiktiun- differ wideU in <lilfen-nt part* of
the con nl i \ . o\\inj.' to the different condition- of In'
the supply of and demand for liiliilicr. an<l the -|HK'ies
of liniilMT. In the Siiithern pine -tale- •
«t)t«t of -tuiii|ittge ranges from $1.01 to $1.H4 |n-r th«u-
Hand, with an average not far from tl.tt). while the -a«
IOL-S in the same states range in value from >M. 14 up
to $0.23, with an average of $4.77, leaving an inereaae
in value, due to logging operations, of $8.57. In the
white pine region of the (iivat Ijikcs the ligun-- differ
decidedly from thotte. atiove quoted. The average value
of stuni|iuge in these -late-, which is mainly white pine.
in $tt.Hi» IM-I thousand fet-t. The average value of Maw-
logs is £7.»;:i |>er thoii-and. and the value of logging
o|N>ration- is $4.:i.'{ JUT thousand feet. In the Pacific
'..:i-t -tales there is a great variation in the value of
-tuin|«age and the value of saw logs, due in the main to
the different -|M-cie.-. In Wa.-hington, where the tim
U-r consist, mainly of fir, the stum|mge is given as
$0.8<) per thousand, and the value of .-aw logs at i>5. 14
leaving $4.H4 as the value of logging operation*. In
()reg»» the stiimiRige is still lower indeed, the |o\\, -t
of any state — only $0.00 JHT thousand, while saw logs
have a value of iN.4<'«. the value of logging operation-
U-ing »JKI.M». In California, where there u a great
variety of -[«•< ie-, the principal onen In-ing yellow pine
and redwood, the value of stuinpage is $1.10 and of
saw logs $4.03, the difference lietween them, « iiich is the
value of the logging operations, being $3.47 only. Tin-
high stumpage values in the interior states, -u.-h as
Indiana and Iowa, as well its the high value- of saw
logs, are probably due to the faet that they con-ist
almost entirely of hard wcxxls. "'

TABL« 1O — KTl'MPAGK— PRINCIPAL SPECIE H»K TMK
UNITED HTATEH: 1HOO.

Total.

V.-II..W pine

Whit.- 1
Norway pte*.

wlKiT:::

• ,

•

Aab

• •

Tamarark .
I ••>!•!„

«..-!
Red ran...

Redflr

Rlark..
• ' •

. .. .

7.M.M
*.»«.•>•

4B,«7»

61*. (171
1.1M.I74

•

S.MO

•

II. IM

3M.790

- ••

Value.

• • • -

19.1M.M

1JM3»

7,«*7.MO

B4, «M

«.«>.I04

S.4D9.«1H

7&.«-

M •

n.tti

114. M<

"il

Avrrace

raloe
per M ft..

I "

K.11

I.U
«.M

l.M

S.1*

I
. •

tat

• •
: I
l.OD

i •
1.4M
41.77
' •
l.W
I I

20

TABLE 11.— AVERAGE STUMPAGE VALUE PER THOUSAND FEET, BY SPECIES, FOR THE PRINCIPAL TIM HER

STATES.

STATES

Yellow
pine.

White
pine.

Norway
pine.

Sugar

pillr.

White
oak.

Cedar.

Hem-
lock.

Spruce.

Chest-
nut.

Elm.

Ash.

81.17

$1.70

1.08

0.86

1.89

17

$1.%

$1 34

10

Florida

.18

01

Idaho

.11

$1.80

$0.77

Illinois

2 84

5.38

2.72

$2.88

1.01

2.56

Maine

2.51

$2.52

2.70

•2 55

Michigan

3 82

3.58

2.02

2.25

$3.43 8.10

3.61

$2.76

1.17

2.00

Missouri ....;

2.45

2.39

1.23

2.67

8.19

2.71

1.16

4 33

2.98

2.81

1.23

""i.'ei

Ohio

4.70

0.79

1.04

0.67

3.69

4 19

2.75

$2.71

1.04

1.00

1 85

2.21

2.27

1 12

i

2.01

2.04

Virginia

1 60

2.37

85

0.76

0.76

1 90

2.41
1 87

2.19
2 16

1.42

.... ,,^jn

3.85

2.97

1 27

STATES.

Basswood.

Maple.

Tamarack.

Poplar.

Cotton-
wood.

Red
gum.

Red fir.

Black
walnut.

Red-
wood.

Cypress.

$1.17

$1.72

$1.47

California

81.06

81.06

Florida

1.55

Idaho

1.71

llliuoi*

1.95

$2 84

$5.00

2.24

1.61

Maine

si.'w

$2.66

1.49
1.15

1.41
1.68

Utaoan

0.75

Montana

$1.00 ..

1.04

New Hampshire

North Carolina

2.48

2.06

Ohio
Oregon

0.59

Pennsylvania
South Carolina

2.46

South Dakota

2.87

1.69

Texas .1
Vermont

Virginia
Washington '
\\.M Virginia rt

2.68
3.16

0.80

WynliiiliK

Tablp 11 shows the average stumpage value of the
different species in the principal lumber states. Under
the name yellow pine are combined all species popularly
known by that name which are used for lumber, such
as long-leaf, short-leaf, loblolly, and Cuban pines of the
South, and the western yellow pine (Pinun ponderosa)
of the West. The southern yellow pines show stump-
age values generally higher in the Eastern states, where
timber is now less abundant, and where long-leaf pine
is most predominant, the price ranging from $1.60 in
Virginia to $0.86 in Arkansas, with an average stump-

age value of about $1.15. Western yellow pine brings
a much smaller price— $0.85 in Washington and $0.79 in
Oregon, while in California it is $1.17.

Under the head of white pine are two species, Pinus
tttrobm of the East and Piniix inonficoln, of the North-
west. The eastern white pine has, on the whole, the
highest stunipage value of any of the species here given,
ranging in the states in which it is of importance be-
tween $3.50 and $4 per thousand feet. Western white
pine is reported only from Idaho, and there in small
quantity at $1.50. Norway pine is reported in quantity

only in Wi-ron»in and Minn.— iln. :in<l -ugur pine from
( 'aliforniaonly.

White iuik i- reported in qtiantitx in man\
North HIK! South mill :it pi i' -i •- »* idel\ dim-rim:, ranging
from $1 aihoii-and in Snilli ( 'arolinu up to $5.H** in
Indiana.

Cedar i- ie|H.it.-.| in quant ii\ in few states, ami tin*
pric. - haxe a wide ran._'e. It U tho chief -oinve of (he
enortiiou- production of shingle* in Wa-hington. un<i
\ et it' price i- "iily $o.7."> per thousand foot, while in
Mil -lugim. the second state in tho production of shingles,
for whirh cedar is horo mainly u-od. tin- price is slightly
in eve-- of *- jx'i thousand.

11. ml.- k. which is l»ecoming nn important tillllier in
tli<- Ka-t. has reached a price ranging from $2 to $3 per
thousand.

•••rn spruce also ranges commonly from t>- to
about |13 per thousand. The western spruces are still
cheap, thos4> in Wa-hington having a stumpago value of
fO.?«5 and in Oregon only t<>.67.

Kim, ash, basswood. and maple are cut mainly in tho
Central states, and tin- >tuinpiijfp price is hijjh. Poplar
U cut mainly in the mountainous region* of the South,
and iN prire ninp- from fci to aliout (8.

l{e.| tir. con>iilerin^ it« .\eellent qualities, has a very
low stum|Mgf value. $0.5S> in Oregon, fO.ht) in Wash-
ington, and JH.(H> in California. th«- thn-o »tati- in which
it i* cut in largest quantity.

Hhick walnut is report... I in sufficient quantity to ap-
pear here only in Kentucky, where the stumpage value
i- quoted at |»5 per thousand.

AIHM|, foun.i onl\ in ( alifornia, IMM a -In-
\aliii- of a litili' oxer it dollar.

MWS. found in the...ii»t aii.l allia iiil legion-. I iring*
diffrlent pri. •••• according to liN-ittimi. U-ing highest on
the Atlantic ....i-t anil loue«t in the I...II..IH hiiuls of
Arkansa- ami Mi>xoiiri.

TaMe |-_» shows tiy stated and l>\ counties tho amount
and the forms of steam |«'«ei other than railway loco-
motives which are us.sl in logging rump-, giving the
nunit>er of ditTerent kinds of motor- and their lionte-
|H>wer. As i- M-i-n. the jxiwer i- i ..nline<l mainly to tho
Pacific coast states, and, of those, is in far more • xd'ii
sive use in Washington than anvwhere el-e. The total
horse|K>wer of all kinds of motor- i- I'.i.txc.i, of which
17,SM>8 are found upon the Pacific coast, and 14,1'.'7, or
not lexs than three-fourths of all, in the state of Wa-h-
ington. In the Eastern fates the use of power i- con-
fined almost entirely to the western jwrt of the .Southern
yellow pine belt — in Arkansas. I^uiUmim, Mi-si-*sippi.
and Texas and more than half of it is in tho single

state of l.oui-iana.

The great si/oof the timlM-r II|M>II the 1'acitic . ..a-i."f
course, explains the almost universal use of thi- form
of power in place of animals.

Of the different forms of motors in u-e the donkey
engine is far the most common, comprising four-tifth-
of all forms of power. This is in almost universal uv
in tho heavy, dense forests west of the Cascade Range
in the Pacific coast states. Next to that is the traction
engine, which is used in the open, yellow pine foro-l--
especially whore the land is at all level.

TABLK Itt STKAM IMWKK, (>THKR THAN RAILWAY IjOfOMOTIVKS. fSKD IX |jCXi(iIX<i ('AMI'S, BY STATI-> ANH

TKKKITDKIKS: IVQO.

mrm AXD

OMIVTIM.

1

Sum- T"TAU
Ur..( „
r**\r
li.li Sum- H»n>-
l«-r. |»wrr.

KOXKIT. rjrWTAK. TTO-B04T. TIACTIOK. WEjecH. rfLL-BOAT. ' «»!!•

Sum

Rone- Nnro
potrrr. UT.

1 •

power.

Sum-
b«.

H'-r*.- NIIIII

powvr. u-r

II. .r- NIIIII
powrr. b»f.

Rant- Smn-
power

Bam- 1 Xa»-
pow*r. 1 brr.

r->««.

WMhlncum...

V*

ma

I4.M7

»

i»

3

440 ........I....

\

-.
u

-

I

t
H
tt
9

;•

*

10

II

i

-

tso

•
l»i

mm

U6

l.l»i

i.tta

7TS

.v»

WO
•J70
U

'i

47*

CUUUm

•t

iuj

OowliU
btenri

"

• -.

I

iv .

Klnc

Kften

^

IV

f

•

1 '
(I

11

15
1

i

-"••

Lewta
MMOII

4W .

"

m

SSSS?

1

7
1
10

II

i

1

1

Mmftt

<**

ii-.

C«ll(..rnl«
Humboldt

:

4&

Mendorino.

-

ITO

fimfft
Stoklyou

f<t*«mw

l»

100

«• ..
100

45 .

Tmrt-nm-

22

TABLE 12.— STEAM POWER, OTHER THAN RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES, VSKD IX LOGCIX(i CAMPS, KY STATES AND

TERRITORIES: 1900.— Continual.

STATES AXD
COUNTIES.

Num-
ber of
estab-
lish-
ments.

TOTAI-

DONKEY.

CAPSTAN.

Tfi;-BOAT.

TRACTION.

WENCH.

|

ITI.I.-BOAT.

SKIPDINci.

Num-
bef.

Horse-
power.

Num-
ber.

Horse-
power.

Num-
ber.

Horse-
power.

Num-
ber.

Horse-
power.

Num-
ber.

Horse-
power.

Num-
ber.

Horse-
power.

Num-
ber.

Horse-
power.

Num-
ber.

Horse-

IHIWIT.

26

56

1,826

35

1,075

1

10

11

320

4

125

1

t

2

•210

2

80

6
3
9
2

1

11
4
11
6
1
1
6
5
3
8

3

506
150
207
"
35
20
180
100
250
290

130

10
3
5
4

m

110

NT

48

•

1

i

III
10

Coos .

1

10

4
2

100
40

i

35

1

20

6
5

180
100

i

40

2

210

Yamhill

2
3

50
130

4

160

2

80

Drew

...

1
2

14

10
120

564

1
2

111
120

Ouachita

Louisiana
Bossier

3

130

2

45

i

10

1

4

7

87.')

==

4
3

2
1
3
1
7

4

80
25
80
20
359

190

1

70

i

10

1

25

81 Charles

2

60

1

20

St Martin

1

20

<t Mary

1

4

6

355

Mississippi

3

130

1

00

'

1

1

1

1

1

1
2

1

IU
60
90

12

1

in

•

1 60

2

1

90
12

i

Minnesota
Beltrami

!

i

1

1

1

2

12
120

1

2

12

'120

!

Texas

' 1

2

120

2

120

If.

Table 13 shows the figures for the sawmill branch of the lumber industry segregated from the adjunct or
auxiliary industries of logging camp and planing mill. This separation and independent tabulation of the
statistics of exclusively sawmill operations was made for the purpose of showing the relative and actual magnitude
of this part of the lumber industry.

TABLE 13.— SAWMILLS— SUMMARY BY STATES: 1900.
[Separated from planing mills and timber camps.]

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

Number
of
establish-
ments.

Capital.

Proprie-
tors.

SALARIED EM-
PLOYEES.

WAGE-EARNERS.

Miscella-
neous
expenses.

Cost of
materials.

Value of
product.

Number.

Salaries.

Number.

Wages.

United State*

31,833

$305,785,226

42, 120

10,835

19,702,785

229,717

$82,694,951

$17,731,519

•226,138,992

$422,812,0(11

Alabama

1,0X7
17
14.
1,142
285

l.V>
187
76
368
1,201

114
825
1,829
48
1264

54

1,232
405
832
866

534
1,613
404
820
1.1 B9

5,708,312
99,300
MS, 876
10,534,242
X, 651, 543

601,872
Ml, 047
247, 367
6,104,352
5, 133, 630

542,505
3, 147, o9H
8,293,-m
91,71«
4,985,726

57,806
5,788,461
10,458,713
9,779,413
1,883,229

4,014,837
83, 760,292
24,5*2,496
7,MB,171

•

1,492
27
13
1,508
807

197
236
105
489
1,644

13X
1,094
2, 451
64
827

68
1,«M

495
1,106
473

666
2,069
509
1,075
1.5H6

347
18
15
744
283

41
29
1
326
360

19
111
387
4
104

276, 116
7,250
23,794
592, 161
308,798

35, 413
15,758
200
271,950
238,030

13,006
92,440
301,787
957
124, 650

7.X5X
63
180
16,273
4,385

625
681
411

5, 678
X.705

362
2,890
.-. '.«•!
168
1,0

76

6,758
7,568

s, no

1,8125

2, 439
22, in:,
8.S28

6,080

1,933,038
511, 106
126,073
3,859,932
2,120,281

282, 617
267,513
99,801
1,770,010
2,019,459

168,178

1,102,135
3,394,10(1
47,238

583, M9

22, X97
2,231.037
2,819, n»;

•.', l-'-'i. I'-'-"'

1 11'. 7-7

1, 073.080
», 288, 991

1. (17(1. 2!«

2,821,077

l.i. -7. I'M,

277, B21
12, 280
12,822
522,653
513, 047

•27, 322
36,799
6,195
486,706
249, 636

17,942
260, 073
169,900

2. 17*
342,386

3, 827
379, 074
506,028
514, 059
63,004

297, 759
2,328,961
1,782,489
448,710

:;.'!. :;i»]

4, 956, 251

ID. ;.:,::
230,788
8,830,963
4,703,253

an, ao9

778,100

200, 797
4,218,000
5, 239. X2:i

357, 326
8,329,50X
10, 153, 138
78, 582
8,432,898

*• 28, 182
6,044,893
5,691,272
6,664,482
1,181,408

2.859,038
24, 566, 399
13,978,267
6,730,801
4,708,444

10,514,849

'.i:,. 1 111

111,888

17,S06,.r«12
8, 729, (154

1,290,000
1,804,804
401.042
8,493,424
11,601,861

(HI, 868
5,624,331
18, 74.Y .Mr>
194,504
5,264,931

101, '261
11,841 ..». '
12, 074,051!
11,476,563
2,286,248

5,057,4X3
42,5l7,.|'.i.1
25,891,210
12,136,488
• 8,882,000

Alaska

Arkansas

California

Connecticut

iJelaware

Florida

Georgia :

Idaho ..

IlHnoii

Indiana

Indian Territory

KHUSAH

Kentuckv

309
492
239
68

85

1,062
396
413

201

241,015
•IV,, 47:!
212,006

86, l«7

74,848
1,055,960
534,4X7

1x1.11x9

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts . . .

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi...

•I »„ ,ri

T*»t« 1:1. -\\VMiii- -I

-i\n

M..III.IM .

>

ll.mp.hirr
Sew

Vlnrlnto

Html."

Wtarandn

wjmtac

4

Chplul

..W.TOft

ir

.

n

'

. •

•4.4M.3N

"•ISIS

i. mm
mm

H.IU.7H

*••&£

4. n
MM, 161

.......

»

4

IIS

M4

1,771
716

71

Tin- iiiinilMT nf i-»talili>hiiiriit>. .".!.>:>:t, \vu> olituim-d
l.v ^ulitniftiii); from tlict«>U»l iiuinU-r <>f c.stttMi>l)iiiont»<
for tin- ItimlxT iiuln>trv. tli«»M' tliat liatl U-cn • l:i--iti«-d
a- iiuli'|>«'ii.l.'iit timl».i .ainp^. Tho Hiiiount of capital
shown a.- invc-tf.l in -;i\viiiill- cxrludi^ all capital in-
\c-tc,l in (|«-p«-M.l.-nt \ogg\ng t-ttinjis. conducted liy such
(«wniilU. a* well a- all capital invfst«>d in planinir mills
operat^l in connect ion with -udi *>iiN\inilU. The -amp
i- true a- t«' the total nuni>N»r of wn^e .-ai net - -.(KIWII.
tog«>ther with their wajyos. t'nder thi- item it was
ni-ce^in . in all «we* where the »iwmill re|x»rts show«>d
also planin^-mill <)jx>rations. to divide the numttor of
wage-earner?., together with their wujrpf.. tiy taking out
from the total that jwrt that wa* eujjajjed ex<-lu>ively
in operati-fii- in the sawmill. In making thi> -cpara-
ti-in. it wa> necessary, in Mich ca-c-.. to c-timate tlie
numlier. Such e>,tim:it«w were based. tir*t. on the
known, or approximately known, numlior of wa>re-earn-
en» necessary t«i turn out a product in the »iwmill of
the size reported, under conditions shown to have
obtained by other features of the rt-|x.: i. and ax a check
on this, or a measure of it« accuracy, the wage-
earners left, after taking away a nuinlH-r sufficient to
carry on the sawmill o|>erations indicated, were c-on-
-idered in connection with the quantity and character
• if the planing-mill product, and in this way. it i- l»c
lievod. the separation of wage-earner- \\a- made with
practical accuracy. The heading of •• mi-< •ellancou-
, \| ncludes all items of miMoDaaeoos wpMMG

rej»rted for the lumber industrv . --\cejit the amount
paid for contract logging, which is essentially an item
of logging wages.

.\.. attempt at -e]Ktnition was made under thi- lirad.
for the reason that 31.S33 establishment- out of a total
of 33.035 were sawmill-, and by far the larger juirt of
th- total miscellaneoii- .-xiM'tises incurntl by the whole

i
I

M
u

TO

B

a

Ml

,

»7.47N
MO

-

400

• •

TV
OM.

»I*.J04

4*6, M*
1M.4W

11

•A4

II
7.MN

U

1.M4

III

m

•

•

•

•

1.HO.W

.

'

», •01.774

..."

'••25

M.WV

s. on. 112
i.»».«i4

41>Jft

. .
- • .

•VUA.1M

• i
-
44.WJV

7.

1.4W

•0.0*7

-•
107. 44i

7. MO

• . ••

».4I7

* IN

.
74R.M*

:iU. Ill

. • ..

'...-.

.

•.44I.K77

*.«.««

«,»07

*. 100,0*

.-.

£38
M«: •«!

i,tn.«M

••
T.MMW

ASS

, . .

ValO.nl

•.7V.7M

'

'

' _'

17. 10*1 »4

•

i • .
••

».M).N1K

*»B

industry during the census year is pnijxTly chargeable
to the sawmill feature of it.

Tli«- total of material is made up, tirst, of the stump-
age value of all timlier cut in the dependent logging
camps and used by the sawmills, together with all items
of logging expense, such as wages, supplies, etc., from
the stump to the mill; second, all logs and holt* pur-
chased; and to these were added the usual items of "all
other material-." "mill supplies," ''fuel" (when such
was bought), "power and heat," and "freight."

Under the heading of "products" is shown the total
value of all merchant sawed products plus the amount
received for custom work. This item of custom work
includes the total amount received for custom sawing,
custom grinding, and custom ginning. The latter two
items of custom grinding and custom ginning comprise
the amount- shown on the re|x>rts of establishments,
wherea sawmill wasoperatedin connection with a •_
mill or a cotton gin, or both, and in which combination
plant the value of the sawmill product exceeded that of
the product of each of the industries operated in con-
nection with it.

The niimlx-r of establishment* was 31,833, with a total
capital of *3O5, 785,22«>. Wage-earners numl»ered
L"-".».717. and wages were $82,894,951. The mi-.ellan.
ou» expense* here given include those of a--<x-iated
timlx-r camp- and planing mill-, -ince they can not be
-eparated. but it is Ix-lieved that they coinpri-e not over
In jx-r cent of the total amount. The value of product
w a- **•_':.'. M •_'.».; i. and co>t .-f materials, *i'^»;. I ::-.:»!'L'.
leaving as the net product of the sawmill industry.
1196,978,069.

In value of product of sawmills. Michigan stands tirst,
and \Vi-con-in second, with Pennsylvania third, and
Minnesota fourth.

Thus, in logging and in the manufacture of rough

24

lumber, Michigan still holds first rank among the states,
its relegation to second place in the total lumber indus-
try being due to the large planing-mill output of Wis-
consin, as seen below.

Table 14 shows, for sawmills onl\r, the average capi-
tal, number of wage-earners, amount of wages, cost of
materials, and value of products per establishment.

TABLE 14.— SAWMILLS— AVERAGES PER ESTABLISH-
MENT, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1900.

STATES.

Capital.

Number
of wage-
earners.

Amount
of
wages.

Cost of
mate-
rials.

Value of.
products.

United States

$9,606

7

$2,598

$7,104

$13, 282

5,251

7

1 778

4,500

9,673

Alaska

5 841

4

3 477

2 385

5 615

25,991

13

9,005

16,485

29, 417

9,224

13

3,380

7,295

15, 155

California

29 304

15

7 440

16 503

30,630

3 883

4

1 823

4 076

s ;!•':;

3,567

4

1,431

4,134

6, 975

3 255

5

1 313

2 642

5 277

Florida

16 588

15

4 810

11 462

23 080

4,274

1,681

4,363

9,660

Idaho

4 759

3

1 405

3 134

5,630

Illinois

3 815

4

1 336

4 036

6 817

Indiana

4,534

5

1,856

6,551

10, 249

1.911

4

981

1 637

4, 052

18 885

6

2 210

13 002

19 943

1 070

1

424

522

1 875

4,658

5

1,811

4,907

9,616

25 812

19

6 221

14 053

29 812

Maine

11 754

8

2 915

8 010

13 794

3,1)43

5

1,210

3,228

6, 247

7, 518

5

2,010

5,354

9 471

Michigan

20 930

14

5 737

15 230

26 359

60,848

20

10,090

34,600

64,087

Mississippi

9,386

10

2,831

6 989

14,801

6,336

4

1 443

4 028

7 598

13 475

I

4 512

10 121

18 04°

1,930

1

4ti6

633

2,231

1 290

1

344

26

1 765

10 207

B

2 468

12 573

4 357

3

1 257

3 439

6 477

5,187

8

2,608

6,171

9, 372

New York

6 163

3

1 277

3 698

6 703

North Carolina

:; .•.;•_•

6

1,191

3,381

6,729

North Dakota

1,987

3

669

1,627

5,450

Ohio

4 638

4

1 434

1 l'i-

8 555

1,423

1

287

688

1,9215

12, 277

8

3,930

9,887

18, 858

10 083

5

2 1117

7 616

12 507

Rhode Island

3,131

3

1,231

3,53'J

5, 616

South Carolina ..

4,097

6

1,084

2,755

5, 941

4 933

4

2, 214

5 414

10 462

5,287

6

1,811

4,706

8,991

13,946

10

3,821

8,539

17,527

Utah

1 224

2

516

1. 121

2 340

6 304

5

1 480

3 181

6 403

Virginia.

3,934

5

1,399

3,870

7,477

23,537

18

9,505

20,104

84 798

5 699

5

1,784

5 128

10 109

Wisconsin .

a=>,959

16

(1,860

20,873

38,669

2, B72

2

976

2,640

6,208

The average capital per establishment in the United
States is $9,606; the number of wage-earners, 7; the
amount of wages, $2,598; the cost of materials, $7,104;
and the value of products, $13,282. The capital per
establishment is greatest by far in Minnesota, where
the lumber industry is rapidly extending by the addi-
tion of modern mills and appliances; second in Wis-
consin, and third in California, where the redwood
lumber cut from enormous trees requires the most pow-
erful machines and appliances for handling and cutting.
In Louisiana, Arizona, and Washington the capital is
also heavy, both because the timber is large and the
operations are of recent development.

In number of wage-earners per establishment Min-
nesota is in the lead, followed closely by Washington,
while in California and Wisconsin the number is large.
Very much the same order is followed in regard to th<>

amount of wages per establishment and in the cost of
materials. In product per establishment Minnesota is
far in the lead, with Wisconsin second, and Washington,
California, and Louisiana following closely. The cost
of materials for the entire United States is a little more
than half the value of the products, and this proportion
is followed closely by the states. In certain of them
where the value of timber is not great, as in the yellow
pine of the South, the cost of material is a little less than
half that of the product, while in the white pine states
of the Great Lakes the materials considerably exceed
half the value of product, owing to the high value of
the wood. The proportion of material to product is
still higher in such states as Iowa and Illinois, which
import their raw material from adjacent states, and in
Kentucky and Tennessee and other hard wood states,
where the timber is of great value.

Of the total value of product ($422,812,061),
$342,303,152, or 81 per cent, consists of merchant
sawed rough lumber. There was also produced by
the mills a quantity of rough lumber sawed for cus-
tomers or by contract, valued at $43,086,970. Of the
other products of the mill the most important is shin-
gles, with a value, merchant and custom, of $18,869,705.
The other principal products are cooperage materials,
including hoops, staves, and headings, with a value of
$20,714,670; bobbin and spool stock, furniture stock,
agricultural implement stock, carriage and wagon stock,
pickets, palings, and laths.

TABLE 15.— SAWMILLS, PRINCIPAL PRODUCTS.

Quantity.

Rough lumber, M feet

Shingles, M

Cooperage materials:

Hoops, M

Staves, M

Headings, M

Bobbin and spool stock, M feet

Furniture stock, M feet

Agricultural implement stock, M feet.

Carriage and wagon stock, M feet

Hcketa and palings, M

Laths, M

All others

31,787,084
12,102,017

441,327

1,664,792

124,089

IIMCIT

105,305
33,250
82,686
35,804
2,523,998

Value.

$885,298.304
18,869,705

2,669,465
13,697,621
4,347,584

526,007
1,921,741

!>%, -11",
l,806.:«o

34 1,076
4j 698, 909
19, 600, 779

ROUGH LUMBElt.

Of the rough lumber, which, expressed in thousands
of feet, B. M., amounts to 34,787,084 feet, coniferous
woods comprise 26,153,063 feet, B. M., or three-fourths
of all the timber cut in the mills, while hard woods form
but one-fourth. The principal species was yellow pine,
including in that designation all the southern pines and
the western yellow pine, the amount of which was
10,603,108 M feet, B. M., or 30 per cent of all the tim-
ber cut in the mills. The amount of white pine which
heretofore has been the most prominent species cut,
and which still remains in value the most prominent,
was 7,483,283 M feet, B. M., or 21 per cent of all.
Hemlock constituted about 10 per cent of the total cut,
and other coniferous species showed still smaller
amounts.

Of the hard «.•.*!-. ..ak i- by far the mo-t important
cut, lieiiu,' more than half of all the hard wood-, and 1::
per cent of all the timber cut In the milU.

Of the cut -hinjjlc-, which number |-j. I.IL',"; , \|
cedar contribute- more than one half. ,,i m-aih . . p.-i
cent, the remainder being contributed \>\ wliite pine,
cyprenH, \ellow pine, and other xpecieH in small amount-.

Table li'.cla^-irie- roiii.'h lumber according to >pedfl«:

TABU 16.— Ql'AXTITY AND VALUE OF ROl'(il! I.fMBER,
BY SI'KCII -

•OMB Limn

ooxirmM.

.

V|ii«nin\

(M It-rl

•i

fed wood.

:

Krdflr.

BOKmrplnr

Tunumck .

All otter cool ten .

• ABD WOOD*.

To«ml.

Hl«rk wilmil

U— — 1_

fjrmmorr ..
othrrlwrjwood,;

• •
IU.«B. It*.

»;«D.«7j

MD.I67
I.44H.OVI

1.71».M7

• -
•

'

<•
M.4I7

•••I

m,m

.-• •:

maoi

Vain*.

•

1&.OM.W
<M.OI«
Ml

•

lM.n7.in

1.M7.01

k.in.ma

i m ..n

7.4K.OU

•
.

J.>. fi 11:

M.MS..VM
M.fTV.IM
M.IM.WI

The next product of the lumber indu-t- HWIK!

luiulx-i. in tlu> order of iui|N>rl<in. e. i- »hii.k'lc». th,<
t"t:il niiinU-r of which wa- I'.'.ln-.'.nlT M. with a
\alur of $1H.86»,7(».'>. or*l.:.«;|H-r thou-aiid. >liinKleH
an- mad.' mainly from cedar*, tin- \uriuu* -|M-, i.-, fm
ni-hin^f not l«>*> than .M'.ti \»-r cent of all the .hinyh-.
made, which wa» mon« than thn-c time- a- much a* wan
iiwlr from any other wood. N.M t.. ,,-,lai. whit.- pin.-
ami rypitWH were nuwt liir^-ly u.-tl in thi-^ lintnrh of
manufacturp. Hard wood* w.-rr Intl.- u- .1. tin- total
number of HhingloM from thow *p<>dra ln'injj lr»s than
- per rent of the total pnxiuction.

Of all the Htatex \Va>hin^t..ii produced far tho lar-.--t
iiiimtMT. its product IxMntf 85.8 |>er cent of that of the
c-ountry and more than double that of any other -tate.
it* nearest competitor. Michigan, produrin); only 1<> |>or
cent. Nearly all the shim/lc* produced in Wii-hin^'tun
ai-e njade from cedar.

T*«ut 17.-QUASTITY AND VAU'K OF SHlMil.FX. ItY
SI'KCItS*: 1900.

gimniliv
inumlxT
ofthod

MIKtel.

V.Iu.

V.l.i.- |.-r

II....MII.I

P»rc»ni

•

ToUl

12, 1": "17

Im Mi Tn

fl U

Vrllnw pine . . .

. , •

1 1*1 CM

gp

7 -

While plnr

; - . , :

i»5S

1JL J

• ,

1 .'17 IM

£M>'««

m

10 S

oi£7T:

t,M7 Sf>

if

•

«-k

. ,

.
-_

(l

•

*n'iv>

7f

1 .

ki-ri nr

-

mm

iy

, .

:

Oft

ft. 4

"•!,. r...iilf.-r»

-

• :.

01

0 2

All hud woodt

i .. .

.

1 -

26

TABLE 18.— SAWMILLS— GROUPED ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF M FEET, B. M., OF LUMBER SAWED.

GROUP 1.

GROUP '2.

GROUP 3.

GROUP 4.

GROUP 5.

GROUP fi.

GROUP 7.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

Totals.

Mills sawing
50 M to 500
Mft.

Mills sawing
riOOM to 1,000
M ft.

Mills sawing
1,000 M to
5,000 M ft.

Mills sawing
5.000 M t<>
10,000 M ft.

Mills sawing
10.000 M to
50,000 M ft.

Mills sawing

fKUHHl M to
100,000 M ft.

Mills sawing
100,000 M ft.
and over.

United States ' ...

32,136

20,837

5,179

4 827

607

655

27

4

:,ioo

673

203

ITS

27

22

Alaska ,.

15

8

5

2

13

11

1

1

1 055

493

199

294

35

33

1

248

94

46

62

21

25

152

70

34

39

9

Connecticut

203

140

27

34

2

80

54

18

8

Florida

356

143

71

89

30

23

1 239

678

246

262

30

23

Idaho ..

118

72

16

25

Illinois

879

755

79

39

1

4

1

1 925

1 356

291

259

12

7

50

41

5

4

278

234

22

10

1

10

1

56

S3

2

1

1 246

855

192

176

17

6

380

143

67

102

81

37

Mtiine

741

486

121

92

26

16

364

245

75

40

4

541

335

105

99

1

1

1 504

813

259

301

53

75

3

447

283

55

42

$

47

11

3

Mississippi

801

453

141

157

25

25

1,285

1,041

115

110

8

10

1

124

63

15

30

11

5

23

21

2

3

2

1

544

294

110

126

8'

6

192

147

30

14

1

31

13

4

14

1 889

1 492

248

126

13

10

1 837

1 257

283

258

32

7

North Dakota

4

2

1

1

Ohio

2 138

1 563

362

203

6

3

1

38

H

358

172

77

78

13

17

1

2,352

1,566

382

313

40

49

1

1

34

24

2

8

750

512

104

121

11

2

29

14

|

8

1

1 703

1,242

244

189

19

9

642

260

103

121

20

38

Utah

79

74

4

1

661

419

123

117

2

Virginia

1 383

891

263

211

10

g

319

87

46

122

29

31

4

West Virginia

952

608

182

143

7

12

1 034

507

189

199

44

93

2

46

40

4

1

1

The above table, which classifies lumber mills in ac-
cordance with the amount annually cut, shows that of
all mills, 68 per cent, or more than two-thirds, cut less
than half a million feet, and 81 per cent, less than a
million feet. These mills may, from their small size,
be regarded as supplying only local demands, while the
large mills, whose number is 19 per cent of all, supply
in the main the commercial trade. The mills of the
Northeastern states, where the lumber industry has
been long established and where the forests are largely
depleted, are small, the proportion of mills of commer-
cial size being less than the average of the country,
except in the case of New Hampshire. The mills of
the Lake region are much larger, the proportion of
commercial mills in each of the 3 states of Michigan,
Wisconsin, and Minnesota being greater than that of
the country, while Minnesota contains 3 of the 4 mills
of the largest class. In the yellow-pine region of the

South there are comparatively few mills of the com-
mercial class in the easternmost states, as Virginia and
the Carolinas, but the proportion increases westward
in the states whose lumber industries have been devel-
oped more recently. Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and
Florida have high proportions of commercial mills,
much above the average of the country. The Central
hard wood states have small mills and comparatively
few of commercial capacity. The mills of the Pacific
coast states are larger, with higher proportions of those
of commercial capacity. The highest proportion of
commercial mills in the country is in Washington,
where 58 per cent of the mills saw more than a million
feet, board measure, each annually.

PLANIN(; MILL&,

Table 19 shows in condensed form the planing-mill
industry for the United States.

-.'7

TABIK l». I'l \M\«. MM

• ; \ i > -

OTATB 1X0 T««»ITii»l»-

CalMdMalr*.

Alabuma

A«**a....
ArkaMBa..

iinbla.

Gagqrta....

Indian territory.

Iowa

Kmiurky .

Mln
Mhatadppl

MI—Hirt..
Montana .

Nrw Jrntjr

KvwMezko

Nrw York

•

I vnmjrlTanla . .
Rhode UlBOd...
simtb Carolina .
-^ibliakou...

TrnncBHi
Trial ...
Cub ....
Vrnnont
VlnclnlB.

Wi

Wk._.
Wyomln...

u

I'.plUll

HM.0i.

..
•

. MO

ISO

si4

in
n>

47«
174
17D

07
164

U

20

2*4

MI

40

179

.

.

.i«

S.6M.M*

m.**

7.M&.MO

4M.70*

.

J.I4W.OW
-• I-
life 276

S.447..VW
4,«-
10. (Wl. 170

s.MO,ai

1,447,157

4.0**. at

JT».»*i
I.MO.V43

4.w,itT

41. 4M

• • :.

1.219. 1W
1&.7W.MO

na.071

•76. MO

49,672

2.MB.4M
2.117.4W
210. »70
t. «*.1M
J.JW.MO

-'

U LA HI B> UgrU) V KB*.

.

.

•.MO.V74
110.0W

•

14*

lau

X7&

u

•

1*
70

.-

«7

10S
«
S2
M

108

g

•

in

4?

•
a

1*1

440

*A4

N

•

IV
IUO

m

74

•a»

97

M7
17

171

4S.MO

117.111

1.044

41D.XM

171.1*.

17.100

.:.

77. Ml

3

-

.'«!.976

«.*»

-
•

m

n

42

t

106
11*

M

74

m

MMM

. -

;- M

•

'

is

W.712

4*7.107

•

•

II*

-

.

•

•
•
. .

2.104

'

2.1M

111

: 1

1.874

i
400.271

2.7:

m.ua

I.44A.M

.'.7lV'.
V1MWI

(04. wa

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1.44

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2.I40.SM

U.4M)

i iii
»'.77»

:cio?!

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i

l.liw.-.w

1C. 91

S.y:
7M.41.S

!,;.•

4.490

• •
I. MEL 44*

.
21,113

. .
•
• -

14.101

-

141. !M4

Xt.26*

.

-

•HQ.011OT

**•.-•.—* ^

2.US4.M7
40.0*
M0.4M

.
6.074.4M

74*. MO
1.4*. «M

ifttn

1. 740.44*

,.
1M.OM

7.B2.0M
4.0tt.4*7

«.OM,*7t
2.M2.6J*

4.2*9. (7*
I2.7U.40D

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S.MO.IM

4S.41H

*,I72
1.IW7.W7

>,177

K..U7
•K.I1*

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.

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r.'l.»l:i

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41.171

• • .1

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tag

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I2.4I\«4B

S77.0M
I.2.M.7I7

121. *4»

1, 274. 771

4.WJ.W!

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J.IW.OW

4.70*,7M

l.«R.7M

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1.14V 491

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12. 914. 764

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4.44S.7S7
4..XM.4S2

«.4S7.*14

/.:,-;
. .

In . <>in|iiliii^ this table the statiHtirw of those depend-
ent planing mill>. or planing mills o]>crat4xl in t-onnec-
tion with sawmills, numbering 5,999 for the Tinted
State*, were combined with the statistic* of independent
planing mills throughout the I'nittMl State?.. «itli the
object of showing in one table the magnitude of this
branch of the lumber industry, which, in the interest of
accuracy and expediency was reported on different sched-
ules. The independent planing mills are not included
in any of the other statistics pn>s<*nt4-d in this report.
The item of capital in this table shows the total amount
<>f capital invested, both in plant and live capital, in the
planing-mill industry in the United States. The num-
I*T of wage-earners employed in dependent planinj.'
mills was determined, as explained above, in «>imr<-tion
with the >pcviul table of sawmill operations, and to tin-
numWr was added the number reported u- being em
ployed in independent planing mills. In the case of
materials the combination was made item by item and no
c-timatingwas necessary. Under the heading of "mis-
cellaneous expenses," are shown only tho-e mix-fllancous

expenses that were incurred by the independent or sepa-
rately conducted planing mill-. The Mimll jH-rcentage
of the total miscellanrous expenses for the lumlM>r in-
dustry (exclusive of the miM-elliinenus exj>en»e- in the
independent planing mills) which was incurred l>y the
dependent planing mills was considered to !*• relatively
so unimportant, and the difficulty in s«>|>arating it fn>m
the misi-ellaneous expense?, of the other thre<> branches
of the industry so great, that no miscellaneous ex|M>n*cs
have lieen assigned to these dependent planing mill-.
The total inUcrllaneousexpcn*'. therefore. <>n this con-
densed table of the planing-mill industry, is perhaps
-mailer than the other totals of the table would indicate.
I'lider the heading "products" the amount^ for
pendent and independent planing mills were combined.
it- in for item, showing the total value of pluning-mill
products for the t'nited State- and by states.

Table 19, therefore, present* tin- -tatistics of all the
planing mills of the I'nited States and the sevei.il
states. The number of e-t:i>>li-hmcnt.- i- lu.-jn:',; the
total capital, $150,631.831, or $14,763 per eMal>li-h

28

ment; the number of wage earners is 106,628, or 10
per establishment; the amount of wages is $±5,879,083,
or $i,497 per establishment; the cost of materials is
$182,012,392, or $17,839 per establishment, and the
gross value of products js $275,965,522, or $27,047 per
establishment. The cost of materials is, therefore, 66
per cent of the value of products, the difference be-
tween them, $93,953,130, being the net value of the
manufacture. The cost of materials is necessarily
much higher proportionately than in sawmills or tim-
ber camps, and the net value of the manufacturing
process proportionately less.

The distribution of the industry differs markedly from
that of the lumber camps or sawmills, being influenced
not only by the presence of forests, but by that of large
bodies of population to be supplied, the latter in a far
higher degree than in the other branches of the indus-
try. Consequently, we find . that in this branch New
York leads, with a product exceeding 33 million dollars.
Next is Wisconsin, with nearly 24 millions, and Penn-
sylvania, with 20.6 millions.

Table 20 shows the average capital, number of wage-
earners, amount of wages, cost of materials, and value
of product per establishment for the United States, and
for each state and territory.

TABLE 2O.— PLANING MILLS— AVERAGES PER ESTAB-
LISHMENT, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1900.

STATES.

Capital.

Number
of wage-
earners.

Amount
of
wages.

Cost of
ma-
terials.

Value
of
products.

United State**

14,763

10

$4,497

S17.839

827,047

4 278

6

1,6-D

••> •••!'•

11,329

Alaska

2,387

1

559

3,386

5,789

20,657

5

3,623

18,249

29,506

12 764

6

4,898

27, 452

38,162

California

19,539

11

6,855

19, 746

33,946

14,046

g

5,431

11,308

20,538

26 051

11

5,553

21, 182

32, 261

9,287

4

1,655

5,254

9,034

District of Columbia .

25,240

23

10,956

20,498

49,874

6 821

-

2, 471

10, 744

15,658

11,048

13

3,769

15,381

25.332

Idaho

1,823

1

372

2,001

3,072

Illinois

25 485

20

9,915

26,150

46, 131

9 846

6

2,487

9,540

l.i, 709

33,385

81

11,181

28.164

53,597

51,911

44

17,641

74,230

105,909

12,295

11

4,799

11.140

19. 972

10,581

8

2,805

11,281

16,923

14,579

18

6, 121

29,649

41,589

Maine

6 462

4

1,662

6,101

9,339

33,800

14

5,511

24,668

37, 623

15,525

9

4,826

14,279

25,119

Michigan

16

5,711

26, 793

3X 429

22,761

26

12,301

67,976

92,2X9

Mississippi . . . . .

8,518

13

3. H69

20,505

27. l*i

26 343

18

X -'•..'•.!

24,920

41,259

11 530

4

2. 520

12 085

16,638

18,046

14

6,164

26,749

42,206

7 046

5

2,288

7,912

12,718

27 265

14

7 203

20 760

35 91 ti

8,191

3

1,407

3,066

5,773

New York

22 992

11

5,589

19,602

31,010

6 255

8

1 803

8 435

13 17«i

North Dakota

Ohio

12,998

g

8,778

13,024

21,029

5 188

3

1 497

1,812

4,867

ft 394

4

2 185

9 904

11 978

17,545

10

1 !:»•.

13,796

22, 88ti

26 655

12

5,927

14,218

28, 916

4 418

7

1 616

S 1S1

12 044

South Dakota

2,484

2

1,066

6,067

8, 122

8,438

8

2,688

11,538

17, 422

8,786

10

4,095

20, 714

28,225

Utah

5,274

3

1.632

3,161

(-,. ixi

8.174

4

1 i ••

8.910

12. Oil)

Virginia

'• i.i

9

2 985

IS KH

IS. HIT

10,110

8

4,175

20,201

27,631

.. ...

5

1,943

10.51*

14, 435

24 456

24

»,626

!•. tit

62, 109

3

1.787

6.2M

10, 220

TIMBER REGIONS OF THE UNITED STATES.

The country, considered in a broad way, naturally
separates itself into certain timber regions, as follows:

(1) The Northeastern states, including New England,
New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. The north-
ern part of this region is forested with conifers, mainly
white pine, spruce, and hemlock, becoming mixed in
the southern part with hard woods, while in southern
New Jersey, yellow pines are found.

(2) The Southern states, which are characterized by
a broad belt of yellow pine of several species, stretching
from southern New Jersey, southwest and west, to
Texas and Indian Territory, while the lowlands on the
coast and the Mississippi bottoms are covered with
cypress, and the mountain regions are mainly covered
with hard woods.

(3) The Lake states — Michigan, Wisconsin, and Min-
nesota— whose northern portions are, or were, forested
mainly with white pine, merging into hard woods in
the southern parts.

(4) The Central states, characterized by a growth of
h:ird woods, with a varying admixture of conifers.

(5) The Rocky Mountain region, where the timber
is in the main confined to the mountains and consists
almost entirely of coriifers of several species, but
largely of yellow pine.

(6) The Pacific coast region, that is, those parts of
Washington, Oregon, and California lying west of the
Cascade Range and the Sierra Nevada. These forests,
which are far the heaviest in the United States, if not
in the world, consist almost entirely of conifera?, the
prevalent tree in Washington and northern Oregon
being the red fir, with some cedar, spruce, and hemlock,
while in the southern part of the latter state yellow and
sugar pine appear and increase southward. In Cali-
fornia yellow pine is the predominating tree, with some
sugar pine, incense cedar, and several species of fir, and
with Sequoia gigantea in small groves in the southern
Sierra Nevada, while the redwood is found in a narrow
strip along the coast north of San Francisco Bay.

TABLE 21.— TIMBER LANDS OWNED BY LUMBERMEN:
BY STATES AND BY GEOGRAPHICAL GROUPS.

Esti-

Average

mated

Num-

quantity

total

ber es-

Area, in

mer-

quantity

tablish-

Capital in-

HITI-S, ac-

chaiiln

mer-

ments

vested.

cording to

ble tim-

chanta-

report-

ownership.

ber per

ble tim-

ing

HITf. Ill

ber, in

feet.

millions

of feet.

. United States . . .

8,888

»214,989,366

32,222,097

6,700

215, 550. 6

Eastern group

I,M8

40,700,556

4,488,812

1,7(10

20,1.«7.:t

Maine

•JIM

1. 427, 513

2, 107, 601)

2,000

4,817.5

i H
330

4,200,128
2,064,800

663.879
372, 754

5,800
7,300

3,879.1
2,746.2

162

1, 715,45V

41,028

9,000

37.V r>

18

50,995

1,673

3,000

60

355, 102

9,195

9,200

82.8

276

8,097,840

648,131

5,600

:;,.;:;') I

614

1 9, S3 J, 297

644,766

9,300

5,no.s

47

3HO. (V77

7, 576

3,600

28.9

Delaware ...

10

58, 745

2.204

5.000

10.4

TA»LK •-• I . IIMI'.II: l\\l- ..\v\H- HY IIMi:il:MIN
PATEH \M> Hi --I-H.I: vriii, u ,,|;,,| i-. . ..nt ,|

La*, troop.

•

(niup.

Trinu

-

M.rvlaml

Virgin!*

..r..lln«.
isxiili (arullna.

N. l,rm.k» .

N..nh tekotm.

l«kou.
rub.

rsssr.:

oktaboau.
XemU....

l»7

-
410

i

114

'

4tt

M7
Ml

AIM. la
Capital

•

I7.XIM.07

3.07I.S77

i.iM.on

1.110.0*2

• ..

1*44.00*

Z. 747, 447
I,I90,4B7

•••

M.4M

ftS

S.MI.II1
M.OW.JJO

MI.M6

IA414.UA

S.M.4M

1.410: 060
4.044..M7

Cnrim

MM.OU

•
-' .

»,7lt4,64i

40J.SW

.
.., -

I HUM

. ..-

I.4»7.M(I
1.741.77*
l.*n.iM

•

MM.OM

i •

;\,

«..':M*'.7W

TO. m

17. MO
•0.770

•M.SS7

. -
• •

1.1M.

2.DQ.MH
*1.W>

sis?
ta

' •-

--

•1

1V.JOO
RMO

10,»40

'

•

••
••

4,700

.-:

•

iS

••

••

•

•

-•

|

•

4.900

••

. ..

14.446.1
10.M7.il
7.WI.I

•

-
.VW.7

7m. o

.. - .

l.TW.i

:••

•,::

- •

••

••

:"

t,

i.'wb

• •

i"
, ..

••

,

• .
1.712.*

I. •*•.•-•

-

• •
• . .

».«M. I
7.9I7.B
».*0«.S

7M41.il

•71.1

.

UO.&
-•»..%

4MZ.H

i.siv.7

40. A

401. -1

II ••

1IMIIKU I.AM> iiWNKll HY I.I MIUHMKS.

Talili1 '-'I >|KIH- tli<- niiinlM-r <>f i-lnlili.-liinciits report-
ing. the amount of capital invested in timber land, the
area in :i« r.-- of timln'r land held by thcxe e«tal>lish-
-. the average amount <>f ilmln-r of ull >|N-<-ies on
lands, and its total amount. Tli<- total amount
thus reported in the I'nited Mat--. •-'!."..:..r.o.«; million
feet, i- prolwbly .somewhat more than one-tenth the
amount now «t:in-lin-_' in the country.

The total area. 50.347 squari> mile-. i» uhout one-
t \\eniieth of the estimated wotxled area of the eouiitrv.
IK "wooded area" is not meant the area covensl by
miTehuntable forest.-, which i- quite a dJfferent matter.
an-l one concerning which little i« known.

The a\ eru^e stand of timlx»r per acre. U-injf tliat of the
-elected tract* owned by luDibeniien, i.sof . -on rs«» higher
than the average of the country or state, and, in the cane
of several of the states where the average stand has
been obtained, it i- known to be much higher. Thus.
in Minnesota th-- average stand U about one-half that

giren, or about i,000 fed re. Tbewmeifl

III-' <-a>e in ( >n-^on aii<i \Va-hinj:ton. « li.-re the Urge
»tand- ben |hni I . t '•• : . .• ; In .' to ..l.t« • tin
i-."- -tan. I ..f the Htate. The -niihi-rn pinr ha- an
ax.-mge -land. uce<irding to the IM--I information, of
not far from H.(NH) ft>et JMT a< r--. a littl- l-.wi-r |« rhaptt
in the cant and Homcwhat higher in the \\e-t. while th.-
ti'j nre« here given -how a xtand in the*a ctateM of 5,000
f.-.-t IMT acre.

The amount given for Michigan repn -.-ni- piolmbly
..ii.' half the timb4-r yet remaining in the -tale. That
re|Mirted for Wi-roiisin is about •_•:'• JM-I cent of that esti-
mated to be still standing, which according to 1 1 -tiinate

of Dr. FiliU'rt lt«th, i<*4.5 billion feet. That for Minn.
sola is about one-third the amount estimated for the
state by (ieneral Andrews, chief tire warden, who esti-
mated in 1K<I<! that the state contained iM.T1."' million
feet of mcrchantalilc timlier. The states of Oregon.
Washington, and South I>akota have been .ttnvatuted aa
to their timln-r supplies by the I'nited Stale- (ieolog
ical Survey. The mill- of Oregon rejx>rt a stand of
•20,351. s million feet, board measure, as owned, while
cruisings in t hi- -tai«- indicate its total -land of timl>er to
IK- 215,0mi million fi>et, or more than ten time- its much.
In Washington about the same proportion i.- rejNirtcd.
The estimate of the stand of the state is IM.rtKX million
feet, of which :M,7Oii million feet is reported. In South
Dakota the timlicr is practically all in the Mliu-k Hill-.
in the western jiurt of the state, and is e-timated at
I .."."•_' million feet. Of t hi- IH million only, or a little
over 1 per cent is reporti'd. Nearly all this body of
timber it* contained within a Federal forest raaerve.
The above are the only estimates of the total -land- pf
states available for comparison with the returns from
the mill companies, and, as is seen, they afford little
Iwsis for discussion. They nerve to demonstrate only
that. a.s wa- stated al>ove. the average stand of the landa
rejNirted is much greater than that of the states as a
whole, but how much greater does not appear. They
show, moreover, that in old lumb<>r region- like
Michigan the land- are report4>d much more fully than
in newer ones, such an the Pacific coast -tales.

WH1TK PISK.

This specie*, the most valuable of the common kinds
of timber, has its home in northern New Kngland and
in the northern half of the I^aki- -tale-. Michigan. \Vi-
• oiisin. and Minnesota. Much of New York, espe-
cially the Adirondack region, contained white pim-
originally, but from this -late it ha.- almost entirely
disappeared. It.- habitat -t retches southward, follow-
ing the line of the Ap|mlachian Mountains down
through the higher part- of Pennsylvania, well into
W.--I Virginia, in which -late there are -till consider-
able bodies of this timber, and it i- found in small
amount in the high mountain- of North Carolina.

White pine.- formerly the moat abundant to-, in \. «
Kngland, has become, by persistent lumbering through

30

many decades, greatly reduced in quantity. In Maine
the holdings of lumbermen, which probably include
most of the remaining stand of this species, amount to
only a trifle more than a billion feet. In New Hamp-
shire the holdings reported amount to 562 millions, or
a little more than half of those of Maine. In Vermont
they are trifling, and in Massachusetts 340 millions, all
of which is doubtless second or third growth. The
holdings reported from New York, are still less than
those of Massachusetts, being only 290 millions. In
Pennsylvania the holdings reported are large when we
consider the limited territory occupied by the species,
amounting to 850 million feet.

In West Virginia, which is known to contain quite a
body of untouched white pine situated in the most ele-
vated region of the state, there is practically none
reported by the lumber companies.

The greatest bodies of white pine in the country are
still to be found in the northern portion of the Lake
states, the upper half of the lower peninsula of Michi-
gan, the entire area of the upper peninsula, and in gen
eral terms the northern halves of the states of Wisconsin
and Minnesota. Before lumbering commenced, these
regions were covered with a fairly dense stand of almost
pure white pine, merging near the lower borders into
hard-wood forests. Lumbering operations have pro-
gressed westward from the east. The lower peninsula
of Michigan has been nearly depleted of this timber;
the upper peninsula has been cut to a large extent, while
Wisconsin has suffered less, and Minnesota still less,
from the operations of lumbermen. In these three
states it is estimated that the enormous amount of
183,063 millions of feet, board measure, of white pine
has been cut since 1873, as is shown by the following
table extracted from the American Lumberman of
January 18, 1902:

TABLE 22.— CUT OF WHITE PINE, M FEET, B. M., IN
MICHIGAN, WISCONSIN, AND MINNESOTA, 1873 TO
1900.

19UO.

1.VJ9 .

Ih98.

IV. I .

1893.

1 -:n .
l-.il .

1"'

1-1 .

l-7'.i .
1878.

!-;: .
1-7.. .

1875.

1X74 .

Total cut.

5,419,333
6,090,508
6, 155,300
(;,-.':s!, I.M
6,7:25,763
7,050,669

i;,x'ji,.-)i<;
7,326,264

,,

7,879,948
8. 597. «2S

,,

7,757.917

7,053,095
7,935,033

7.li'JI.7'.H>

6,768,867

fi.lVil.LW
4.80I..943

, .

3,595,333
8,879,046
3,968,553
8,751,306
», 988,780

183, 063, »9

Of the stand of white pine remaining we have esti-
mates in Wisconsin and Minnesota, but none in Michi-
gan later than that of Professor Sargent made in 1880,
when he estimated that the amount of pine standing in
Michigan was 35 billion feet, at the same time placing
that of Wisconsin at 41 billion feet. In 1897 an esti-
mate was made of the standing timber of Wisconsin by
Dr. Filibert Roth, of the United States Department of
Agriculture, in cooperation with the geological survey
of Wisconsin. He found 15 billion feet of white pine
standing in the state at that time. Several estimates
of the stand in Minnesota have been made, the earliest
one which comes under my notice having been made by
Professor Sargent in connection with the United States
census of 1880. His figures gave a total of 8,170 million
feet then standing. In 1896 Gen. C. C. Andrews, state
fire warden, estimated the amount at 16,849 million feet,
or a little more than double that made by Sargent sixteen
years earlier. Three years later, in 1899, Mr. H. B.
Ayres, acting for the United States Geological Survey,
estimated that there was standing 11,190 million feet,
his estimate agreeing closely with that of General
Andrews. There is probably 50 billion feet of white
pine standing in thecountry. The total amount reported
as owned by lumbermen is 16,352 million feet, and
the cut in the census year was approximately 7,500
million feet, showing that the holdings of lumber com-
panies, so far as reported, are sufficient to supply the
cut for two or three years only.

SPRUCE.

Spruce in the Eastern states is found mainly in New
England and in New York, where in recent years, since
the partial destruction of white pine, it has become the
principal commercial timber, the amount annually cut
far exceeding that of pine. The estimated stand in
these states is, in round numbers, 50 billion feet, of
which 8,600 million feet was reported as owned by
lumbermen. The cut in these states in the census year
was 1,448 million feet.

Spruce is found also in the Rocky Mountain region,
where in some places it forms a notable component of
the forest.

It is found also in western Washington and Oregon,
scattered .sparsely through the forests in the interior,
and upon the Pacific coast, forming a large and impor-
tant component of the forests.

H KM LOCK.

Hemlock occupies much the same range as does white
pine, being found in the New England and other North-
eastern states, and extending down the Appalachian
Mountains as far as southwest Virginia or North Caro-
lina. It is found also in the neighborhood of the Great
Lakes in considerable quantity. It exists in large
quantities in the forests of the Pacific coast, but hereto-
fore has been cut, at least under its proper name, to a

31

trilling extent mil\, although it is :i valuable timber

and will bi- appreciated hereafter.

(irouing now here :i- it pure forest lint everywhere
intermingled with other i» -tuii'l is a dillicult

tiling t<> even guess lit. I nit is doubtless in -I Ir-., i him I IN i
billion fi-et. Tin' total amount in tin- country rejiorted
by lumbcni million feet. The cut in the

.4^1 million feet.

• i I'M •

( \ press is a tree nf low marshy regions. It occurs
aloiiL' tin- Atliintir and (iulf c<m-t- from thr

>«:illi|> in WNltlM i-t'-ln Virginia lit:i:h !•• tii.

Grande. It in found in the lowhukb and marshes of
tin- Mississippi from southeastern Mi— ..uri to the
mouth of the river.

Little \* known of tin- amount of this timU>r. though
it in of great value. The total amount reported ax
owned by lumbermen was •),'••;•.' million feet, and this in
probably luit a -mall fraction, probably not more than
10 per cent, of the total stand. The cut in the census
yeai million feet

SOtTIIKUN YKLLOW HINE.

Yellow pine, of the species known aw long leaved,
-hurt leaved, loblolly, and Cuban, is found in all the
Southern states, but more than nine-tenths of it is in
the Carolina*, Georgia. Florida, Alaliama, Mississippi.
Louisiana, Texas, and Arkansas. In these states it
occupies the Atlantic plain, with the exception of the
low, marshy strijxs near the coast occupied by cypress,
while inland it extends beyond the Fall Line to van-ing
distances in the Piedmont region, passing slowly by
different .-tages of admixture into the hard wood forests
of the interior. Over most of its range it forms pure
fop-sts i.f i. |>eii stand, with little or no undergrowth.
The area occupied by pure pine forests in the nine
states above enumerated is approximately 15<>,000
square miles, or about IOO.INMI.IHNI acres. Tin- average
stand of timber on tin- urea, from the best information
obtainable, is not far from 3,iHX> feet, B. M., per acre,
giving a total stand on this area of 30t» billions of feet
An estimate made in 1880 (Tenth Census) by I'n.f. C. S.
Sargent gives at that time but '2.H7 billion feet, but there
is abundant evidence to show that this estimate is much
too low. The holdings by lumbermen of yellow pine
in I!«o«i in these states showed a total of l''...'."7 million
or !."• |>er cent of the total estimated stand. The
cut in the census year 1UUO was 8,.V_':'. million feet, or 'A
per ••••nt of the estimated stand, and Is \» \ rent of the
amount held by lumbermen. If the estimate of the
total stand given above is approximately correct, there
i~ suili. lent yellow pine to supply the present cut for
thirty-three rears, without allowing anything for
in the interval.

II UH> WHO)*.

The central part of t .1 State*, including the

eastern |tortion of (lie Cp|M-i M,-- --ippi \ alley, in a
region of hard wooils. ...nn«»sed of a great vam t\ ,,f

^paeie> I : • | • • ; . . • : . . fron mic |K>inl

<«f \ie« . are tlie otiks. which, with gum. jniplar. maple.
, ottoiiMiMNl. «>lm, and ash, make up the great bulk of
the forest. The forest is nowhere composed of
species, but is mixed commonly. n<>t onl\ of \ariou-

»jH«i ies ol luii ; u... . . . ( t with moi ooi hi -

interniinirled. The an-a in which hard woods form a
predominant element of the forest U large, comprising
~e\eral hundred thousand square miles. l>ut it is ill de-
lined. The stand differs greatly in different jwrt.s, hen, e
it is im|K>s.silile to make even a guess at the amount of
timber of this sjn-cies. The amount rej>orted as owned
by lumbermen is in the neighborhood of IK> billion feet,
half of which consists of oak. This amount reported
by lumbermen doubtless forms only a small part of the
stand, which may be five or ten times as great. The
total cut of this species in the census year \\
million feet. H. M. The species cut most largely, with
the approximate amount, were as follows:

Mum

Nltuniiiy
iron
ii M.)-

Otk ..

4.4M

I'.pj.l.r

i m

\U[.l.

\,h

IM

WK8TKKN YKIJjUW 1'IKK.

Western yellow pine, jrinti* jutm/ffuui. is the com-
monest pine of the Hocky Mountain and Pacific coast
states. Its range extends from the Black Hills of
South Dakota on the wist nearly to the coast, and from
the southern to the northern boundaries of the country.
While many other species arc found intermingled with
it in the forests, it is in most localities the predominant
tree, excepting in Oregon and Washington west of the
Cascade Range, and in the redwood belt of California.
In some localities it appears as a pure growth, in others
greatly mingled with other species. Its tendency, how-
e\rr. is to form pure growths of ojien forests with little
underbrush. It endures moderately arid conditions.
it> lower limit representing approximately the isohyctal
line of 20 to 25 inches. In Oregon and northern Wash-
ington, its western extension is limited by the Cascade
Range, the moist conditions of the \\estern -\<.\v of that
region enabling the red tir and associate species to
monopolize the ground, and. in about the middle lati-
tude of Oregon, the inci.-ii.sing ti-ni|N-nitiire and dimin-
ishing rainfall enable it to cross t he Cascade Range and
to mingle with red tir in the southwestern |«art of the
state. Throughout California, excepting in the red-

32

wood strip, it is the predominant tree, occupying in the
Sierra Nevada range a belt whose altitude ranges from
3,000 feet in the southern end of the range, to 1,500 feet
in its northern end, and extending upward to 8,000 or
9,000 feet. The southern portion of the Cascade Range
contains a mixed forest, in which 3'ellow pine is a pre-
dominant element. It is found in the ranges of south-
ern California above an altitude of 5,000 feet.

In size the tree ranges greatly with localities. In the
Black Hills, where it forms pure growth, it is small,
while in the Sierra Nevada and coast ranges in southern
California, it is a good-sized tree, commonly 3 to 5 feet
in diameter, but with individual trees much larger,
ranging up to 200 and 250 feet in height, cutting 3 to 5
clear logs per tree.

Most of the logging in this species, as well as in the
sugar pine, is done for local consumption and in a small
way; consequently, there are few distinctive features
associated with it.

The total supply of yellow pine, which is mainly in
Washington, Oregon, and California, is estimated to be
about 125 billion feet. Of this, 24,610 million feet, or
about one-fifth, was reported as owned by lumbermen.
The cut for the census year was a trifle less than a bil-
lion feet.

SUGAR PINE.

Sugar pine, pinus lambertiana, is found mainly on the
western slope of the Sierra Nevada range in a belt rang-
ing from 3,000 feet above the sea in the southern portion
of the range, to 1,500 feet in the northern part, its upper
limit being between 8,000 and 9,000 feet above the sea.
It is also found in the northern part of the coast ranges
in the same state in considerable quantities, as well as
in the southern portion of Oregon. It is never found
in pure forests, but always intermingled with other
species, the principal of which is yellow pine, which
commonly forms from two-thirds to three-fourths of
the forest. Some red fir and incense cedar is also com-
monly intermingled.

The sugar pine is a large tree, from 5 to 10 feet in
diameter, and 250 feet in height, and a large proportion of
it is clear. The wood is fine, greatly resembling in many
respects the white pine of the East, and splits easily, for
which reason it was in early days largely used for
shakes, and much of it was culled from the forest in
the mining days for this purpose, involving an enor-
mous waste of valuable timber.

Heretofore it has been cut mainly for local consump-
tion, but at present two or three large companies are
operating in the Sierra Nevada regions cutting this tim-
ber, as well as the other components of the forest in large
amount-.

The stand of sugar pine in California and Oregon is
• -tiinated at about 25 billion feet, 3,911 million of
which was reported as owned by lumbermen. The cut
in the census year was 53,558 M feet, B. M.

RED FIR.

The red fir, jtm udotsuffd t<t,c!folia, is found quite gen-
erally distributed over the Rocky Mountain country,
where it forms, however, but a minor component of
the forest. Its home is in western Oregon and Wash-
ington, west of the Cascade range, whence it extends
nearly to the Pacific coast. In altitude it extends from
the sea level on Puget Sound and the Columbia River
up to from 3,000 to 6,000 feet, dropping with the lati-
tude. Under conditions most favorable to its develop-
ment it forms pure forest, as in the country bordering
upon Puget Sound, and thence southward to the Co-
lumbia. In other localities the proportion of fir to
other trees differs greatly and in southern Oregon,
where it is largety mixed with yellow and sugar pine,
the proportion becomes small. The tree is one of the
largest on the Pacific coast, being exceeded in size only
by the sequoia gigantea, or big tree, and the redwood.
The red fir ranges from 200 to 300 feet in height and
up to 20 feet in diameter, although the average diameter
is much less. Growing in close stand, the clear height
is great, six logs being frequently cut from a tree.
The stand is heavy, 50,000 feet to the acre on entire
townships being not uncommon. The timber is of
great strength, and is largely used for dimension timber
in bridges, and for other purposes where great strength
is required. It is transported east in considerable
quantities for this purpose. It is also shipped to Asiatic
and Australian ports and to South America.

The stand of red fir is estimated at about 300 billion
feet, of which 23,772 million feet were reported by the
lumbermen. The cut of the census year was 1,736
million feet.

REDWOOD.

Redwood, sequoia, sempervirens, is found only in a
narrow strip closely bordering the Pacific coast, from
the southern line of Oregon southward through Cali-
fornia nearly to San Francisco Bay, with a few com-
paratively small patches south of the bay. The strip
ranges in width from 5 to 25 miles, never extending
inland beyond the influence of the coast fogs. The
area of the strip is approximately 2,000 square miles.
The characteristics of its habitat are those of extreme
moisture, with much rain in the winter season and fogs
at all times of the year.

The forest is nearly pure, practically the only admix-
ture consisting of a small percentage of red fir, or,
as it is there designated, Oregon pine. The trees are
large, with an average diameter of about 5 to 10 feet,
while many individuals exceed 20 feet in diameter. In
height they range up to 300 feet, from one-half to two-
thirds of which is clear lumber. The forest is ex-
tremely dense, the average stand being nearly (50,000
feet per acre, while many tracts of considerable size
carry from 100,000 to 150,000 feet per acre. Indeed,

33

in tin- yield of lumber, thi- forest i- pmbaliU the den-
e-t on .-arth. .\cceding the tir foiv-ts ,,f Oregon and

Lumbering i- • arricd mi at inanx |N.mt- in the -trip,
al ( 'rcM-cnt t'itx. lliinilxiMi Hax . uiul in xarion- point-
in MendiH-ino iin.l Sonoma countie-. Tin- |irin<-i|ml ••••n

• i tlii- lumber indii-tix. however, is aUtut Hum
Uildt llax . of which Kiirpku in the metropolis The
lumU-rini: :in«l milling' Art' carried on iii thi- neighbor
ho.nl li\ In !••_'.- companies, and the most modern methods
and machinerx an? then- employed. The mills are of
the mo-t modern t\|H», e<|uip|N>d xxith gang and band
, ,< - . ,v h • ' • . ' • • •, fa i,"'."_ i : • lOfl i ' :
lumber i- x ery complete. Indeed, the reilxMMMi mill-.
alM.ut Kureka probably represent the highest develop-
ment of this bram h of iimniifiic-tiire in the world.

wood is a strong and very durable lumber, and is
lined in California for a great variety of purjx»ses. for
liou»e building, for water pijx's, shingle*, and iiiM.le
lini-hing. It i- >hip|» -d not only to all jwrt.s of Culi
fornia but to Au-tmlia. .lu|nin. and South America.
There is only a limited local consumption of the wood,

U the greater piirt of it entering into conmieree.
The >upply <if redwood is estimated at 7r> billion feet.
of whirli 1 J.L'J.". million feet was reported an owned by
lumU-inicii. The eut for the consult year was 860
million feet

DESCKIPTI.'N-. UV >TATK>.

•f. — Maine was originally a forest-clad Htate
throughout. The timber n>n>i-ted mainly <»f white
pine and -|iruco with some admixture of hemloek. tarn
arack. and cedar, and in the southern part of hard
woods of various specie*. The southern part of tin-
state has been largely cleared, and the forests in the
northern part have in the main Iron culled of white
pine, although there still remains in the remoter partt*
of the state, especially in the northwest, and in areas
removed from the streams, a notable amount of this
species. That considerable white pine still remains in
the state, in spite of the fact that for a century the
lumbermen have been rutting it, is shown by the fart
that the lumbermen own tracts comprising a stand of
1.017.*'. millions of feet. As the supply of white pine
has diminished, the cut of spruce has increased, both
absolutely and relatively, until it is at present far the
more important of the two.

The extension in recent years of railroads into the
northern portion of the state, supplementing and in
many places supplanting the streams as the means of
conveying logs to the mill, has resulted in opening up
new regions previously almost untouched.

The wooded area of the state is estimated at 23,700
square miles, or 79 per cent of the entire area. The
land covered with merchantable timber is, of course, of
much less area. The only estimates of the stand of
timber are those of Prof. C. S. Sargent, made in 1880.
<•

YUM.

1*0...

*SS
n.i

7,«M,MI

iicsa

IMt

UN...

IWO

TIMHKK nWSKD AND CUT, BY SHi'iKS. AM'
AVERAUK 8TAND

zz

Owned i M
M.B.M.).

aa

IMOnil'M
»«rt.BM>

-

tin. «o

1.017.00

• •

HW. «0
IW.MO

iS

«M«

ns;a

B ,,

White ptot

Hemlock

Toul

1.II7.SOO

Mt.M

Hi- .-lunate of IT.', million feet ..f » Int.- pmc U C6T-
tainlx ..nix u fni. lion of the amount then tlmiding, and
hi- e-tinmte of '.> liillimi feet of -prnee. though prolml>ly
not -o ^reatlx in .•IT..I-. i~ exidentlx much lc*s than the
fact. -in. •• more than half that amount in to-day reported
as owned, after twenty yearn of cutting.

i.i \ir.l l: ISM -II. >

\«r Il,iiiij>*li!r>.- New Ilaiiip.-liirc wa» originally
covered with forests of white pine, spruce, and hem
lock, with sonic hard woods intermingled in the southern
part of the state. The result of two centuries of cut-
ting, with much destruction by fire, ha- been to mluee
the -land of white pine to a very small amount, and
in-tcad of living the principal timber product, it has
become of very little importance, while spruce is cut in
far greater amount. In the last half century the value
of the lumber product has multiplied nine times, and
has nearly doubled in the past decade, as shown below.

The woodbind of the state is estimated at 5.200
square miles, or 58 per cent of the area of the -tate.
For the quantity of timl>er we have the figures of Pro-
fessor Sargent, who estimated to be standing in 1>^".
1,510 million feet of spruce and 165 million feet of
hemlock. Since more spruce and hemlock were re-
ported as owned in 1900, besides the cut of twenty
years, it is seen that these estimates were far below
the truth. In 1S!»K Professor Fernow estimated that
the state contained 3.IHKI million feet of conifers. Since
more than that amount is reported as owned by lumber-
men in 1900, this estimate also is seen to be of no value.

LUMBER IXWhTRY.

tmtm.

Valn*o(
prudoct.

1MO

I; ••• i'.

i »tw

U70

i.5?iS

100

S. ML 012

&MK4«

IftO ....

t'.nt!no

34

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

SPECIES.

Owned (M
feet, B. M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut (M
feet.B.M.).

2,070,100

6,700

188,605

rnu.ritm

6,800

310,424

504,500

45,557

79,300

2,303

662,600

23,468

Total

3,879 100

570,357

Vermont. — This state was originally forested through-
out with white pine, spruce, and hemlock, with some
hard woods in the southern part and near the shores of
Lake Champlain. For many decades its lumber trade
was of much importance, but since 1890 it has begun
to decline, owing to the practical exhaustion of white
pine, although spruce and hemlock are still found in
considerable amounts. In 1900 its product had a value
nearly ten times as great as in 1850.

The woodland of the state is estimated to have an
area of 3,900 square miles, or 43 per cent of the area
of the state. The only estimates of standing timber
are those of Prof. C. S. Sargent, who estimated that
in 1880 there were 755,000,000 feet standing, an amount
less than half that reported in 1900.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

Massachusetts. — Originally covered with forests of
conifers, mixed with hard woods, the state was long
ago thoroughly lumbered, and to-day contains very lit-
tle, if any, virgin forest, and cutting is confined to
second growth. Most of the timber reported as owned
in the state is located in other states, mainly New Hamp-
shire and Vermont, and consists almost entirely of white
pine, of which 340,400 M feet, B. M. is reported. The
lumber cut probably comes entirely from the two states
above mentioned. The cut of Massachusetts has in-
creased quite steadily for the past fifty years, and in
1900 had a value four times that of 1850.

The woodland has an area, by measurement from the
maps of the state, prepared by the U nited States Geo-
logical Survey, of 4,200 square miles, or 52 per cent of
the area of the state. Very little of this, however, con-
tains timber of mill size and quality.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

1 YEARS.

Value of
product.

1850

81 552 265

1860

•2 218 144

1870

3, 556, 870

1880

;; I'll is4

1890 . . .

5 211 607

1900

6, 526, 230

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

SPECIES.

Owned (M
feet.B.M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut (M
feet.B.M.).

White pine

340,400

10,300

261,138

7,200

42,846

27,900

42,539

375 500

346,518

YEARS.

Value of
product.

IgQQ

(618,065
901,519
3,525,122
3,258,816
6,958,674
6,131,808

I860

1870

IggO

1890

1900

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

SPECIES.

Owned (M
feet, B. M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut (M
feet.B.M.).

1,604,200

rai.iuo

51,900
720,000

6,000

261,759
42,826
21,867
50,495

Total

2,746,200

376,447

Rhode Island. — Originally a forest-clad state, Rhode
Island was long since cleared, and in great part put
under cultivation. The only timber now in the state
is second or third growth, and little, if any, is of lumber
size. Practically all the timber reported as cut within
the state is brought from other states.

The woodland of the state has an area, as measured
from the maps of the United States Geological Survey,
of 400 square miles, or 40 per cent of the area of the
state.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

YEARS.

Value of
product

IggO

$241,556

IggO

74,592

1870

2B7.M8

1880

240,579

1890

264,625

1900

233,579

Contiecticut. — Like Massachusetts, Connecticut was
originally covered with forests of mixed growth, nearly
all of which was long ago cut away, and to-day the state
contains little virgin forest and not much of second
growth fit for the mill. Most of the timber reported
as owned in the state is probably located in other states,
and most of the timber reported as cut is probably
brought from elsewhere.

The woodlands of the state, as measured from the
maps prepared by the United States Geological Survey,
have an area of 1,900 square miles, or 39 per cent of
the state's area.

35

I IMItH; IM'l -11^

-

MM.7M
S7J.7II

i.wi.r

I.**.M4

TIMBKK u\VXKI> AND (H'T.

anus

»,»>

ti.no

.-. .: M

14. MO
4.IU

U.7U

Nne York, — New York wan originally covered with
forest*, composed, in the Adirondack-, of white pine,
spruce, and hemlock, and in other part- <>f the state, of
the-e -pedM Miin._'|.',l \\ itli luinl U...H!-- I >urinL.' id. , ,-n
turiex which have elapsed since the commencement of
-4-ttlemcnl iiilt the UW h:i- IM-.-H . |.-:n.-.| hr oritfvi
tion. an<l. • \. • |'t in the Adirondaclu, the merchantable
timU'r has in great part been destroyed. In these moun-
tains the pine has been largely culled, .so that but little
of that -[*•• ies remain-. :unl lumbermen are now actively
at work on the spruce and hemlock.

The wooded area of the state i- estimated at IN.TINI
square mile*), or 39 per cent of the area of the state.
Thin area is. of course, much greater than that occupied
l>\ merchantable timl>er.

The earlie-t estimate* of the stand of timber are those
of Sargent and are routined to the Adirondack region.
Hi- figures gave this region, in 1880, a stand of only
:'.L'O million feet of white pin,-. 5,000 million feet of
-pnice. :',.IN«I million feet of hemlock, and *5.4O<» million
feet of hard wood. In 1896 Professor Fernow esti-
mated a total stand of conifers of 5.000 million feet in
the state. All the above figures are plainly much too
small. The state possesses lands in tin- Adirondack
region having a total area of 1,825,851 acres. Outside
of these tract- then- were ron-idcrable bodies of timber
owned by lumbermen. As shown below, the amount of
white pine reported as owned by lumber men was
nearly as great, after twenty years' cutting, as was esti-
mated by Sargent, and the amount of spruce was nearlv
half that estimated.

The Ad in mi Lick region, or Park, as it is known, is an
area comprising 3,22tf,144 acres, or 5,041 square mile-,
including the mountainous portion of the region. Of
this area, 1.HM.414 acres are owned by the state.
705/.M4 acres are held as private reserves by individu-
al- or orptni/ation-. and the remainder, 1,356,810 acres,
by individuals or companies for other purposes. These

YUM.

VtlOt Of

product.

IMO...

113. 121,790

IMO...

t 710 MA

WTO

• - - .

--

HiMLW

IMO...

17 IflO, A47

IMO

1. in. Is are classified as follows l.y the Ki-h. Kor.-t. ami
ChuneCommitt f Ne» York.

WUdmndowi.

Improrcd

W«lrr...

Toul.

H4

704. ««

1.MC.M

Forest lands include those covered with virgin for-
est and those lumbered for pine or spruce only, many
years ago, and which still contain valuable coniferous
timber. Lumbered lands an- those from which the
coniferous timber ban been removed, leaving little ex-
cept hard woods. Assuming that the foroHt lands con-
tain an average stand of 3,000 feet |>er acre. it appears
that t hi- region contains three and a half billion feet of
coniferous timber. Of this amount, about two and one-
tenth billions were state and private preserves. In the
Adirondack region there in held by lumliermen aNuit
an equal amount, making a total stand accounted for of
4,200 million feet of coniferous timber. How much
more there may be unaccounted for is. of rour-e.
unknown. The state |M>s*e*se« also a small preserve in
the ( 'atskills. comprising *:i,33»i acrvs.

The value of the lumber product of New York shows
violent fluctuations at different times, so that it is unsafe
to conclude, from the slight reduction in the value in
1900 an compared with that in 1H90, that the lumber
industry has pawed its maximum. In 1850 it was the
leading state in t hi- industry; in I860 it had been passed
by Pennsylvania, and in 1900 it stood twelfth in the list

I I

IxnrOTKY.

TIMBKK nWXKI) AXI» CCT, BY >TKriKS \M» \VKK\-. I
STAND.

WhSSV-.

ToUl.

OWMdfM

f«t,B. M.).

7.MO

MO, MO

1. MO. 100

IMOroyM

«.000
4.7«

»u. m
SS

>, MO

107, tM

m,ni

36

New Jersey. — The northern part of New Jersey was
originally covered with a mixed forest, composed
mainly of hard woods, while the southern part was a
continuous forest of yellow pine, with some cypress in
the lowlands bordering the coast. Most of the timber
suitable for the mill has been removed and a large pro-
portion of the land cleared for cultivation. The state
now contains, however, much valuable second-growth
timber. Measurements made on the state map show
that 43 per cent of its area, or 3,234 square miles, are
wooded. The area is said to be at least holding its
own, and the value of forest to be increasing.

The cut is not large; indeed, this state has never
been of great importance in this industry.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

YEARS.

Value of
product.

1850

11, 123 052

1860

1 608 610

1870

2, 745, 317

1880

, 1,627 640

1890

1 225 766

1900

1,859,014

Pennsylvania. — The state was originally forest clad,
with pine and hemlock on the higher parts of the Alle-
ghany plateau, and with an increasing mixture of hard
woods as the altitude diminishes to the westward.
The southeastern part of the state, outside of the
Appalachian region, was timbered with hard woods al-
most exclusively. The result of over two centuries of
lumbering has been to reduce the wooded area one-half,
leaving, as is estimated, 23,000 square miles, or 51 per
cent, wooded. This wooded area, moreover, has been
in great part depleted of its merchantable timber, es-
pecially of its white pine, although there still remains
a large amount, as is shown by the fact that the cut of
this species in 1900 was nearly 3 billion feet.

The earliest estimates of the stand of timber in the
state are Sargent's. He assigned a white-pine stump-
age of 1,800 million feet, and of hemlock, 4,500 million
feet, figures which are far below the truth.

In 1896, Professor Fernow published an estimate made
by the commissioner of forestry of the state, giving
a pine stum page of 500 million feet; spruce, 70 mil-
lion feet; and hemlock, 5,000 million feet. The state-
ments of cut and of the stand owned of these species
presented below show that these figures are much below
the truth.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

SPECIE*.

Owned (M
feet.B.M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut
(M feet,
B.M.).

Hemlock

3 904 200

White pine

868 200

6 500

238 021

Other conifers

125 600

19 168

Chestnut

208 800

50 789

Oak

655 700

7 °00

Other hard woods

158 000

140 282

Total

5 910 500

2 398 916

Pennsylvania has always been a state of great impor-
tance in the lumber industry. In 1850 it was exceeded
in product only by New York, and in 1860 it took first
place. In 1870 and 1880 it was exceeded by Michigan
only. In 1890 Michigan and Wisconsin produced more,
and in 1900 the third of the lake states, Minnesota,
also took rank above it, making it the fourth state in
the country.

Delaware. —This state, originally covered with forests
of hard wood and yellow pine, has been pretty well cut
over, and the greater part of it cleared and cultivated.
It is estimated that 700 square miles, or 36 per cent of
its area, are wooded. It probably contains little, if
any, merchantable timber.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

YEARS.

Value of
product.

1850

-•">i -fi1;

1860

276 161

1870

405 041

1880

411 060

1890

405 057

1900

471 482

Maryland. — Originally the northwest portion of the
state, which lies within the Appalachian mountain
region, was covered with mixed forests of white pine,
hemlock, and hardwood. The central portion, stretch-
ing from the Blue Ridge to Chesapeake Bay, was covered
with forests of hard woods, while the eastern shore
contained pine forests with some hard woods. At
present the pine has been cut, and much of the hard
woods have been removed from the western part, while
east of the Blue Ridge the merchantable timber of all
sorts has been practically all cut away, and a large
proportion of the land cleared for cultivation.

The wooded area is estimated at 4,400 square miles,
or 44 per cent of the land area of the state. Very little
of this, however, is occupied by merchantable timber.

The lumber industry has never been a prominent
factor, but has grown quite steadily from the beginning.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

YEAR8.

Value of
product.

YEARS.

Value of
product.

1890

17 729 058

1850

«:,xr, jus

I860

10 743 752

I860

605 864

1870

28 938 986

1870

1 601 471

1880.

22 457 359

1880

1 813 332

1890...

29 087 970

1890 „

1,600,472

1900

35, 749, 965

1900

2 650 082

.-.7

TIMBER o\VNKI> \M> ri

SIM i II -

. ,

IMOrol

<»«•*•»•

\ja.no

• •

• •

7H.W

JM.IOO

vn.vi

|.:i! I . iilli-1 1..I I!M "I I1...I. ^ lltmllll |" . '• . -i.. ii
:i- Mack Walnut and \ellow |Ni|>llir. Illll little ••lilting of

ill., whit.- pirn- ha-, vet IM-CII done owing to it* inaocowi-
l.ilitx.

I nlil recently West Virginia ha* not been ini|H.i i.u.i
in the lumber industry. Imi during the hut ten years
tin- value of its product ha> nmn- than doubled. The
principal -JUT'H-. cut uro hard wood-; mid of those, white

In «>ininon with many of the other South-
, : ,, ...,t. -. ii;!- on. •• n IK dh kdc i i"i.. thlW NN M{ ".••
inoiintain -ectioti formerly forested \\ithpine. li.-inl.x-k.
and hard wood.-; the 1'iedniont region largely with oak-,
mingled with some pine; and the Tertiary lands below
,11 Line formerly covered with yellow pine.
The pine has U-en. in the main, removed from the
mountain region, and the yellow-pine belt below the
Fall Line has been, in great part, depleted, and every-
where the better .la— <>f the hard woods ha- been cut
away. Still the production of timber is large and
rupidlv incrca.«ing. the \ulue <if the out having more
than doubled U-tw.-en lv»o ltnd 1900. The prinoipal
lumlNT pr.xluct of the -tat.- is yellow pine, but much
white pine and jxiplar is also cut
The area of woodland is estimated at 23,400 square
mile-, or 58 per cent of the area of the state.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

oak and poplar.
The wooded area of West Virginia is estimated at
18,400 square miles, or 78 per cent »f the area of the
state, and most of this is occupied by timber of n
chantable -i/.- and quantity.

U'MHKK IXIM STKV

YKAM.

Value of

|.n.|ii.-l

1170

II I70.M*
S.4SI.M;
5.U&.OM
1«,*U.«7

IMo

1900

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY 8PETIK>. \M> \VKI; \..l-
STAND.

.,___ OWMdjJI Amu*

fMt,B.M.). iUii?.

B,r«

Hemlock IM.im

•0.77*
•. •
17.164
&.064
1H.40I
W.4M
26.711

TEAM.

Value of
product.

Yellow pine «J,»o v.-vo

I'oiilKr SW.2DO

Whlli-iMk. 1.004.400 6.100

(Hlu-r bud wood*. J5.000 ..

UM

•77.412
S. a>1. 1X7
I.1II.OW
l.«4. 1«S

. ...
12.117.177

Total ... 2. 808.400

no i.

1MO
1970

Mo .

North Carolina. — The mountain regions of this state

VV.-T-.. rtricrinallv i-ii\ i>fi-il tt'ith ili-n-i- tiiti'^t^ iif IIIIVIM)

IMO

TIMBER oWNK.n AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

_

Owwxl(M

toet.RM.).

Amu*

.',• !

1*00 CUt

(MfcckB.

Urmi'K-k

101.400

1 164

Yflli'w pin*

1.1(7.900

4.«6

710 607

Puptar ,

US. 700

W.20I

Whilr <*k

276. 200

S.OOO

143.241

OtJbcr hard wood* . ...

, - .

12.674

ToUl

1,712, WO

. .1 ...

Went Virginia. — The entire area of Went Virginia
lies on the Alleghany plateau, which, in a general way,
slopes from the east line of the state northwestward to
the Ohio and Big Sandy rivers. The higher parts of
this plateau are timbered with white pine, hemlix-k. and
hard woods, while lower down the slope the proportion
of hard woods increases, and the lower -lopes were
originally covered with forests of these -|>ecie-. Lum-
bering has been most active in the western part of the
state near the Ohio River, where considerable areas
have been cleared for • -ulti\ation. In the more eastern
and higher parts of the state the forests have been in

conifers and hard woods, the Piedmont region mainly
with oak forests and the Atlantic plain with open for-
ests of yellow pine, while the swampy region- near the
coast contain large quantities of cypress. Considerable
areas in all parts of the -late have been cleared for cul-
tivation. The forests in the mountain region and in the
Piedmont country have been, in great part, culled of
their most valuable species, mainly of oak and poplar,
while vast amounts of yellow pine have been cut, and a
beginning has been made upon the <-yp re— . Much tim
INT. however, still remains in the state, and the lumber
industry is rapidly increasing in importance.

The wooded area of the -tat- i- . -tiuiated at 35,300
square miles, or 73 per cent of its area, and much the
greater part of thi-. in -pit.- of the extensive cutting, is
-till occupied by merchantable timber. In I'.""' and
1901 an examination was made of the forests in the
mountain region of the state l>\ II. B. Ayres

and W. W. A-he. under the I'nited States Geological
Survey. They found in this region a total stand of
timber, of all species, of 10,650 million feet, distributed
as follows among the different -|M-ci.- represented, with
an average stand per acre upon the timbered areas of

38

2,640 feet of merchantable timber and 16.83 cords of fire
wood.

most of this is believed to be timber of merchantable
size and quality.
The only estimate that we have of timber in the
state is that made by Professor Sargent in 1880, of the
yellow pine, the stand of which was given in 1880 as
5,316 million feet, which may not be far from the truth.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

SPECIES.

Percent-
age of
total.

SPECIES.

Percent
age of
total.

Oak

41.41
17.20
2.68
6.30
0.80
1.86
1.43
0.17
0.84
0.09
2.00

Llnnwood

2.69
1.64
1.06
3.03
2.67
3.16
0.67
1.34
0.43
9.40

Black K u 1 1 1

Beech

Hemlock

Birch

Maple

Poplar
Agfa '

Hickory
Locust

TEAKS.

Value of
product.

Black pine

Short leaf pine

Other species

1850

81,108,880
1,124,440
1,197,005
2,031,607
2 146 750

The only estimate of the stand of yellow pine in the
eastern portion of the state is that made by Professor

1860
1870

1880

1890

1900

5,207,184

Sargent in 1880. His figures give a total of 5,229 mil-
lion feet at that time. This estimate must be greatly
in error, inasmuch as several times this amount has
been cut during the twenty years which have elapsed,
and in 1900 an amount greater than these figures was
reported as owned by lumbermen.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

Value of
product.

1860.
1860.
1870.

]xs<>.
Ih'.l

1900.

«;K-,, 117:,
1,074,003
2,000,243
2,672,796
6,898,742
14,862,593

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

8PECIW.

Owned (M
feet.B.M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut
<Mfeet,B.

267,600

3,700

31,846

5,827,100

8,900

1,228,022

31,600

10,696

267,000

51,698

White oak

534,300

3,700

86,245

60,800

7,977

Total

6 488 400

1 416 978

South Carolina. — The upland portion of this state,
from the Blue Ridge down to the Fall Line, was origi-
nally covered with hard-wood forests, in which was
interspersed some pine. Below the Fall Line stretches
the yellow-pine belt, while in the lowlands along the
coast is some cypress. Lumbering has never been
actively prosecuted in the state, and the probability is
that a large part of the original stand still remains.
The lumber product has increased greatly during the
past ten years, the principal product being yellow
pine, with a small quantity of cypress.

The wooded area of the state is estimated to be
20,500 square miles, or 68 per cent of its area, and the

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

SPECIES.

Owned (M
feetB.M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut (M
feetB.M.).

185,800

4 700

32 155

1,184,500

4,000

433,3%

370

White oak

223, 700

9,300

11,419

404 200

6 544

Total

1,998,200

483,884

Georgia. — The northern mountainous portion of the
state and the Piedmont region, extending southwest-
ward to the Fall Line, which passes through Augusta,
Macon, and Columbus, are covered with mixed forests,
mainly of hardwood; and the region below the Fall Line
comprises the yellow pine belt, which is succeeded in
the lower regions immediately bordering the coast by
cypress. Aside from the clearing for cultivation no
great amount of timber has been cut in the state until
recent years, the cut in 1900 being more than double
that of 1890, and reaching a very respectable total.
This cut consists almost entirely of yellow pine.

The wooded area of Georgia is estimated at 42,000
square miles, or 71 per cent of its area, and it is believed
that most of this wooded area is occupied by merchant-
able timber.

The only estimates which we have of the stand of
timber relate to yellow pine, which was estimated by
Professor Sargent in 1880 at 16,778 million feet.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

YEARS.

Value of
product.

1923,403

2,412,9%

1870

4, 044, 37.ri

]gg0

4, 875, 310

1890

6,546,195

1900

18,704,923

i IMIU K <>u \i i> \MI ci r. in -ri.ii- \M> \\IKM.H
- r A M >

,

SK

''IS

4.JU.

BSV

I.»4.0IO

/•'/<>ri<i/.— The northern part of Florida, including
half of the jx-ninsula, is a forested region, covered in
the main with yellow pine, with a large amount of
impress in the marshy region-. c-|>ccially along the
coasts. The fore-t i- not continuous, but is much broken
by prairie openings. Cutting in recent years has been
ijuite active, the product having doubled between 1890
ami 1900. The chief lumber product of the state is
yellow pine, with a large amount of cypress.

The wooded area of the state is estimated at 37,700
square miles, or 70 per cent of its area, most of which
i- occupied by merchantable timber.

The only e-timute of the timber which we have is
that of Professor Sargent in 1880, which gives 6,616
million feet of yellow pine.

i.l Ml.i i: isnrsTRY.

The cut of pine m u»oo wan a trifle over a billion feet,

U'iiig nine tenth- of tin- total ,-ut of thevtete.

i i \ir.i i. DON •

'St.:

m

*.ao7.*n

1J. W.HI

TIMKKK <>\VNi:l» \NI.CIT . I'.Y -IM<II> \\DAVKRAOE
HTAM'

•eucm.

OwiMdni
S5TK1I.I.

Ajssr

..

Bg

-

i,Hk,«n

I. WO

".. .^<

•Rwo

B.III

White <»k

u!«o

6,m

•I.'JBS

.11

U.S34

Tnial

6.100.700

I.I«I.«M

VaJurof

TUM.

.

product.

IMO mfi.au

I.4M.MIS

......... « a*,?*

MM)

i •

M.MB.WO

T1MBKK (>\VNKK \M> « 1 T. BY

SPrXJIEB,

AND AVERAGE

STAND.

«o-

Owned (M

ATonce inomiiM
•Una! (eM. B.M.)

• . ..

I.HJ.*>

IO.HO IIO.M7
1.MO 711.70

Yellow ptaM..

..

.'•

Total

m. m HQ

OK»

I

Alabama. — The northern part of the

-late, including

nearlv three-fourths of it. i- covered

with a timber

growth of which hard woods form the

principal corn-

ponent. Throughout this region, however, there is

scattered some yellow pine, which in several localities

develops into nearly pure growth. The southern fourth

of the state is covered with a nearly pure growth of yel-

low pine, mainly of the long-leaf species.

In the marshes

around Mobile Bay, however, this gives

way to cypress.

The estimated wooded area of the

square miles, or alxmt 74 per cent of

the total area.

Sargent'- e-timate of the stand of yellow pine in the

-tale a — i'_Mlfd to it 'Jl.l'.'L' Mill

lion feet.

Of thi- there

were owned bv lumU-niien in 1900 nearly 4 billion feet,

or a little les* than one lift h of the e-tirnatcd stand.

Mi*n**!pi>i. Thi» xtate wax originally nearly all
covered with timber. consiNtin^ of pim- in the -.oiithern
third, of which a long tongue extended nearly to the
north line of the -tatr. following roughly the divide
between the Mifwinttippi and the TuNcaloom river-.
There wa.- also a small area near the TenneMtee River in
the northeastern corner. Elsewhere the timber eon-
HiHted almoHt entirely of hard wood with miu-h • \ |.i.---
in the Yazoo Bottom.

The timbered area of the state is estimated to comprise
32,300 square miles, or s»-ven -tenths of \t» area. The
estimated stand of yellow pine, as given by Sargent in
1880, was 24,975 million feet Of this, seven and a half
billion are reported an owned by lumbermen. More
than three-fourth* of the cut of 1900 consisted of yellow
pine, the remainder being largely oak.

LfMBKR IXDU8TRY.

1X70

1011,1*7

t.7?a.«7
U.4U.1IO

TIMBER OWNKI> AM- (IT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERA-.I

8TA.M'

Yellow ptlM

OUter molten

OoUoowood

Rcdftun

While «k

Olbrr hmrd wood*.

Own«I(ll A

Hl.V

•.Ml 710

: ..

•M'OB

40

Louisiana,. — The southern portion, and especially the
southwestern part, of the state, the counties of Cam-
eron, Vermilion, and Calcasieu, are largely prairie.
Elsewhere the state is densely forested. The south-
eastern part of the state, south of the Mississippi
boundary, is largely covered with pine, as is also the
northwestern portion of the state — that is, west of
the Mississippi bottom lands and north of the prairie
region of the southwest. The timber of the bottom
lands consists of hard woods and cypress, in which the
latter species largely predominates.

The timbered area of the state is estimated at 28,300
square miles, or 62 per cent of its area. The estimate
of the stand of pine made by Sargent is 48,213 million
feet. Of this between one-fifth and one-sixth was
reported as owned by lumbermen. There was also
reported as owned by them not less than 2 billion feet
of cypress. Two-thirds of the cut consisted of yellow
pine, the remainder consisting mainly of cypress.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

TEARS.

Value of
product.

1850

$1,129,677

I860

1, 575, 995

1870

1,212,037

1880 '

1 764 640

6, 746, 194

1900

17,408,513

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

SPECIES.

Owned (M.
feet, B.M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut
(M. feet,
B. M.).

2,024,900

6,500

339,663

6, 177, 100

7,100

802,626

904 900

53 097

White oak

7,800

6,136

•> :;i»i

13,965

Total

9, 964, 100

1,214,887

Texas. — With the exception of the northeastern por-
tion this great state is almost treeless. A considerable
area in the northeastern portion adjoining Louisiana is
covered with yellow pine of commercial size. West of
this extends woodland, covered mainly with post oak
and black-jack of value only for firewood, fencing, and
other minor purposes. Further to the southwest
extends a considerable area of mesquite, which in some
regions develops into the magnitude of trees, and
becomes of service for fencing and firewood.

Of the area of the state, 64,000 square miles, or 24
per cent, is estimated to be wooded. The stand of yel-
low pine in the state is estimated by Sargent at
67,508.5 million feet. Of this, 9,750 million feet are
reported as owned by lumbermen. The cut consists
almost entirely of this yellow pine.

YEARS.

Value of
product.

1860...

$466 012

1860 >.

1 736 454

1870...

1 960 -Sol

1880

3 673 449

1890

11 94'* r»t>;

1900

16 290 47:1

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

SPECIES.

Owned (M
feet, B. M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut (M
feet, B.M.).

9 760 700

6 100

1 225 344

Other conifers

9 540

145 600

11 ''94

Total

9,906 3UO

1 246 178

Indian Territory. — Pine is found in Indian Territory
only in the eastern part, and, with the exception of a
small area in the Boston Mountains, only in the south-
eastern part south of the Arkansas River. Elsewhere
the timber of the territory consists of hard woods,
mainly of black-jack and post oak upon the uplands,
with larger and more valuable species in the bottom
lands.

The woodland of the territory is 20,000 square miles,
or 65 per cent of its area, as derived from the maps
made by the United States Geological Survey.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

YEAR.

Value of
product.

1900

$199 879

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

SPECIES.

Owned (M
feet, B. M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut (M
feet,B.M.).

8,400

6,602

112 100

;i ::Ts

Total ... . ...

120,500

15,9X0

Oklahoma. — Of the area of Oklahoma it is estimated
that 4,400 square miles, or 11 per cent, is timber, con-
sisting almost entirely of black-jack and post oak.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

YEARS.

Value of
product.

1890

$27,260

1900

63,669

Arkansas. — The area of Arkansas is almost entirely
covered with forests, the only exception being a few
prairies in the eastern part of the state. The timber

41

in tin- northern purl consists mainly of hard

with :i Mule pine, while in tin- -outhern |mrl <if the

-tat.'. \\e-l ,if the illlliviltl ivyi.ni. are e\trn,ive fore-t-
of yellow pine, '('he alluvial regions are wooded. MM
elsewhere, with an admixture ••( <-\ pr.-— and hard wood*.

The timlwred area of the -tale i- e-tiinatcd at 45.(K>0
square mil.--, or M |MT i-ent of its a rna. Thi« Maud of
pint* in the state, as estimated by Sirgent. is 41,315
million feet. Of this nearly 4 billion feet U reported
•8 owned liv lunil»-i nii'ii. Of the total <-ut of the state,
more than two third- < on-i-te.l of yellow pint', the
reinaiii'ler In-ing mainly hard wood.

I In- luinU-r industry <>f thi- -late hao increased enor-
moii-.lv in the past ten years, making it one of the lead-
.ite.s of the Union in this industry.

i.rMi'.Ki: ivi'i -TI:Y

riMitn; ..WM-.I. VM> < -i i r.v SI-KCIK- \M- \VKBAQE

8TAM-

cypress, the latter species being mainly found in the
river valleys. In the central part of the state much
clearing has been done. The ea-tern part of the state,
with the exee])tion of the valley of the Tennessee,
which ha> been to a large extent cleared. i> -till heavily
forested with hard woods, while upon the greater eleva-
tion- the growth changes to conifene.

The wooded area i- estimated at -_'7.:iiK» square miles.
or 65 per cent of the area of the state. A- i- seen
from the table of timber holdings, the amount of con-
ifers is trifling, while more than two-thirds of the
entire stand owned consists of white oak. The lumU-r
industry of the state has more than doubled in the past
ten years.

I.I MBKK IXDl'STRY.

run.

Value •*
prulMl.

im.fu

I.1S6,»02

, , .

1.7W.MS

AS:S

mo...

-

IM...

Mi...

ino

TIMBKK (AVNK.D AM' ill. l.V -I'KCIEB, AND AVEKAUE
>TAM>

•nam.

Owned (X
(cet, B. M.I.

Aren»

•on.'.

••
4.900

IWOrutlM
(e«t.B.M.).

•
Cnnm .. .

M6.IUO
S.M.UOO

••
.. .

. • ..
l.«9.«0
117. MO

1.111,2*7

-
-
••-
40.014

Vrllow pine. . .

Other eoollfn

OM loo wood

K*dnm...

WhlMotk...

4.700

Otb«r bud wroib

Total

7. n7.no

I.M6.U*

.-.-.. The ue-tei'ii part ..t' TlOUMMee is -I'll
heavily timbered with a mixture of hard woods and

h'.-ntuety.— The timber conditions of Kentucky are
very similar to those of Tennessee, with heavy hard
WOOd and cypress fore-ts in the we-l. the e\ien-i\e
clearing in the central part of the stat*»— the Blue (iraM
country— and heavy forest* again in the Allcghany pla-
teau, which forms the eastern part of the state.

It i- estimated that L'-.'.-.'IHP ><|imre miles, or 58 per
cent, of the area of the state i.s wooded.

LUMBKK 1XDI STRY.

•

VlhMOf

n.m,4M

U. 774. VII

TIMIiKK OWNED AND Cl'T, BY SI'WIh>. AND AVKKA< .K
STAND.

VIABL

Value of
prodoet.

UH> .

•71&.M7

IM...

itSS

-

--

1,744, Mi

1MO...

•,an.atf

ino

-

•TICIB.

OwMdfM

fe»t.B.M.).

\.;,:-

IKUU rut 1 M
1^-t.B.M .).

,

•

M.M2

Ath

..

; •

..

Z.lll

HuiiUr

..

.-

Whltr<»k

H74.40D

• • M

' 7»;»OU

«•;&

Tot»l

I.TS».MO

777, tit

Ohio. — When settlement commenced in this state it
was in the main covered with heavy forests of hard
woods, through which was scattered a small admixture
of white pine. Persistent cutting for a century, how-
ever, has practically de-tio\ed all the fore-t- of the
-late, and even the areas upon which tiinU-r is growing
have been greatly reduced, -in. e much the larger part
of the state is now devoted to agriculture.

It is estimated that '.».::• HI -<|iiar>> miles, or 23 per
cent of its area, is wooded.

I.I'MBKK INDfSTRY.

TUM.

pffOQUtt.

uao.

-

U.M4.

«.7«.l

42

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES,
ST.AND.

AND AVERAGE

SPECIES.

Owned (M
feet,B.M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut (M
feet,B.M.).

100

296,700
38,000

42,818
593, 440
325,010

White oak

5,300

Total

334,800

yr.i,2iK

Michigan. — The upper peninsula and the northern
half of the lower peninsula were originally covered with
heavy forests of conifers, consisting mainly of white pine.
Southward, in the lower peninsula, hard woods were
intermingled in increasing proportion, while the south-
ern part was largely prairie. The result of a half
century of lumbering is to reduce the white pine to a
small f raction of its former stand, to cut much of the
hard wood, and to make a good beginning on the other
conifers. Much of the southern part of the lower
peninsula has been cleared for cultivation.

The woodland of the state, including stump lands, is
estimated to have an area of 38,000 square miles, or 67
per cent of the estimated area. The stand of white
pine was estimated by Sargent in 1880 at 35 billion feet,
which, judging from the amount subsequently cut and
that now supposed to be standing, was probably not far
from correct. In 1896 Professor Fernow estimated the
coniferous stand at 18 billion feet, of which 6 billions
was white pine. The last item is somewhat small, as
the cut, plus the amount reported as owned, two
items which we know quite definitely, foot up more
than 6 billion feet.

With a relatively small production in 1850 and 1860,
Michigan leaped in 1870 into the leading position as a
lumber state and maintained that position until 1900,
when, owing to the partial exhaustion of her resources,
she fell slightly behind Wisconsin, but still remains the
second state in the production of lumber.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

•BAM,

Value of
product.

1880...

92 464 329

1860

7'o4o'l90

1870

31 946 396

1880

52 449 928

]v«>

1(00

54' 290*620

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE

STAND.

mam

Owned (M
feet,B.M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut (M
feet, B. if.)-

Cedar

1 299 700

371 082

Hemlock

4 622 000

White pine

8 716 000

6 200

432 100

Ash

7ti" ';ixi

BaaHWOod . . .

729 700

Elm

891 SOU

Maple. . .

1 230 700

White oak

701 200

13 200

134 ft62

",'.'< I.4KI

Total

14,546,100

8,462,152

Wisconsin. — The northern part of Wisconsin was
formerly covered with coniferous forests, consisting
mainly of white pine. Southward these forests changed
into hard wood, which in the southern part of the
state were broken by prairies. Lumbermen have cut
much of the pine, although that species is still far the
largest product of its mills, forming two-thirds of the
cut, and Wisconsin is still the chief contributor to the
country's supply of this species.

The woodland of the state, including stump land, is
estimated to have an area of 31,750 square miles, or 58
per cent of its area. An estimate of the stand of white
pine was made by Sargent in 1880, showing 41 billion
feet. Another estimate by Roth in 1897 gave 17
billions. In the interval 50 billions had been cut.
Since 1897 about 7,500 millions have been cut, and the
cut is increasing, rather than diminishing. Moreover,
there are reported as owned by lumbermen 4,750 mil-
lion feet. These facts suggest the probability that Dr.
Roth's estimate may be rather small.

The lumber industry did not acquire great promi-
nence in the state until 1870. In 1880 it occupied third
place, being exceeded by Pennsylvania and Michigan.
In 1890 it rose to second place, and in 1900 had the
largest product of all the states.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

YEARS.'

Value of
product.

1860...

$1 218,516

I860

4 377 880

1870

15 130 719

1880

17,952 847

1890. . .

60 966 444

1900

57,634,816

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

SPECIES.

Owned (M
leet, B. M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut (M
feet,B. M.).

Hemlock

1,713 200

402 054

2 618 700

93 798

White pine

4, 747, 600

4,600

2,478,795

44 900

66,141

White oak

813 600

6 400

127 754

Other hard woods

549,800

392,286

Total

10,887 800

:t '.fa s'js

Minnesota. — This, the latest of the Lake states to
develop a great lumber industry, was, like Michigan
and Wisconsin, heavily timbered, mainly with white pine
in the northern portion, while the Red River Valley on
the west and the southern portion were largely prairie,
with a belt of mixed hard-wood forests intervening.

Lumbering has been carried on actively for thirty
years, and a large part of the pine has been removed.
The woodland of the state, including stump lands, is
estimated at 52,200 square miles, or 66 per cent of the
total area. The stand of timber has been variously
estimated. In 1880 Sargent estimated the stand of
white pine remaining at 8,170 million feet. Since then

douhle that amount hu- Uvn cut. and the cut i- still
increasing. In IVM; (Jen. ( '. ('. Andrew-, -talc tin-
warden, e.-tiiimtccl the white pine at 17 billions, mid in
!-•'•• Mi II H \yre-e-timatrd it :ii lietwccn II HI !
12 I'illion-. The la-t two estimate* agree . -lo-i-ly. and
\<-t it is safe to sa\ that f»r various reasons much more
than the amount given will eventually l>c cut.

Thr lumtM-r indu-trv in Minnesota grew slowly, and
booarni1 • •!' ^t>--.i\ iiM|M.riaii. •• .-iiU U-tweon L8M -"!•(
ivm. In tin- lutter year it.s product placed it third
am. -iiu thr states, following Wisconsin and Michigan.

LUMBKR IXWSTRY.

TEAM.

Value of
product.

1»H

» --

IMD..

1 ^M 201

KM .

4i Mo! 149

i.5i.im

MM

•btn,ui

11)00

a.t£,in

TIMBKR iiWM-l. \M> « I T MY SPKCIK>. AM' \\KRA<.K
STA M '

mam.

OwTMdrM

•M.B.M.).

A^sr

1(00 eat (M
fwt.B. M.)

s . .

•• so aoo

107 M6

-

. .

i tn

•A ...

4.ao,ooo

I, MO

2.KO.M1

Olhrr ranlfcn

' It M»

. ..

«,7N

Toul

7. Ml, 100

2.441,!**

Indiana.— Thb state, with the exception of a -mull
proportion of prairie, was originally covered with
forest. This, however, has in the great part been cut
away and the land i- now devoted to agriculture.

It i- estimated that the area of woodland comprises
10,800 square miles, or 30 per cent of tin- -tat.-"- :uv:;.
Little of this, however, consist* of merchantable forests.
It is probable that most of the lumber manufactured
in the state is brought from outside the state.

LUMBER IXniWRY

pfiKjUCt.

lf». 12.J24.7W

I4.2W.MO

; »,»•,<

TIMBKR OWNED AND CUT, BY 8PECIE8, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

Conlfcn

WtUUoak

Other hard wood. "

Total..

OVMd (M
tal. B. M.).

in. MO

!B

The surface of tin- -tale i- mainly |trmirii«
with foreots only in \\\>- -»u\\\>-\\\ part Tbe*e ooiuist
• >f liard wood, and comprise. it ise*tinwte«|. I o. -..IK (square
mile-, or 18 per cent of the arm of the state.

i.fMltl i: iM-i -i i;>

US::

i-

IM0..

w.

125:3?

TIMBER OWNED AKD CITT, BY HPEOIE8, AND AVKi:v«.K
STAND.

Cotton wood

While oak

(Hbrr hardwood*. .

Ownnl i M

•M.TM.).

.:
••

T<*U.

. ..

•

IfS

•.004

•0.14*

Nabranka. — In this state woodlands are found only in
the eastern part closely bordering the Missouri Kiver.
and in narrow strips extending up the stream-. It i-
estimated that only 2,300 square mile*, or 3 per cent of
the area of the state, are wooded.

KanJMH. There are no forests in Kansas. Hardwood
is found in the southeastern part of the state, ami there
only to a small extent, comprising, it i- estimated.
5,700 square miles, or 7 per cent of the area of the
state.

I.I MBKR INDUSTRY.

~~

tl.UO.7I7

1100

1.7M.MI

ISM*

».W1

.. -.

Iowa, — Iowa is a prairie state without merchantable
forest.-. Such as formerly existed have been practically

cut awav. Scattered woodlands are found in tl a-t

ern part of the state, especially along the •-.•ur-«- of
the rivers and upon the tace of bluffs. The total extent
i- e.-timatfd at T.IHNI -<juare mile-, or 13 per cent of the
area of the state.

I.IMI'.KI: IMTSTRY.

•

1MO.

HOD.

ValnrnT

•5is

44

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

SPECIES.

Owned (M
feet, B. M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut (M
feet.B.M.).

231,500

303, 969

42,000

40,884

Total

••::; .'-<!

344,853

Missouri. — The northern part of Missouri is, like
Iowa, a prairie region, with timber in the valleys of the
principal streams and in occasional patches on the
uplands. The southern portion is, except where cleared
for farming, quite continuously wooded. The forests
consist in the main of hard wood with a little admixture
of pine, while in the bottom lands of the southeast is
considerable cypress.

The timber land of the state is estimated at 41,000
square miles, or 60 per cent of its area.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

.YEARS.

Value of
product.

1880 .

$1, 479, 124

I860

3,074,226

1870

6,363,112

1880

5,265,617

1890

8, 399, 925

1900

11, 177, 529

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

SPECIES.

Owned (M
feet.B.M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut (M
feet.B.M.).

2 006,000

9,848

208,000

269, 394

126,300

75,750

Elm

418,300

28,124

278 900

51 498

1,458,000

3,300

251,552

61,700

35,466

Total

4,557,200

721,682

North Dakota. — In this state woodlands are found
only on the Turtle mountains and perhaps a few other
glacial hills and in narrow strips along the Missouri
and other streams.

The total area of wooded land is estimated at only
600 square miles, or 1 per cent of the state's area.

Smith Dakota. — In the eastern part of this state
timber is found only in the valley of the Missouri and
perhaps one or two other streams. In the western part
of the state are the Black Hills, which are covered with
a pure forest of yellow pine. The trees are not large
but are of sufficient size to serve for building purposes
and mine props, and this forest is of inestimable value
to the great mines about Deadwood, for without a sup-
ply of cheap lumber it would probably be impossible to
work these mines at a profit.

Nearly all of this timber has been reserved by the
United States Government for the purpose of protect-

ing this source of supply from destruction by reckless
lumbering and fires. The area of land thus reserved is
1,833 square miles.

The wooded area of the state is estimated at 2,500
square miles, or 3 per cent of its area. It is estimated
that there is in the Black Hills a total amount of 1,500
million feet of standing yellow pine. The reported cut
for 1900 is but 30 millions.

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

SPECIES.

Owned (M
feet, B. M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut (M
feet.B. M.).

IS 100

30 163

Other conifers

1 143

3,100

558

Total

18 200

31 864

Montana. — The forests of Montana are limited to the
western half of the state, and in that region almost
entirely to the mountains, the valleys being, as a rule,
timberless. The timber consists entirety of conifers,
yellow pine, red fir, and tamarack being the principal
species represented.

The woodland of the state is estimated at 42,000 square
miles, or 29 per cent of its area. A large part of this
area, however, has been burned over, with, a greater or
less destruction of the timber, and is in various stages
of regrowth.

Within this state the United States has reserved for
forest purposes areas amounting to 7,875 square miles,
containing, it is estimated, 4,517 million feet of timber.
This reserved area is somewhat more than one-tenth of
the wooded area of the state.

The principal timber cut of the state is yellow pine,
with less quantities of red fir and tamarack. The small
amount of hard wood reported as cut in the state is
doubtless brought in fi-om other parts of the country,
as no hard wood grows within its limits.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

YEARS.

Value of
product.

1870

ML Ml

1880

627,695

1890

1,182,510

1900

2,949,992

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

SPECIES.

Owned (M
feet.B.M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut (M
feet.B.M.).

Red fir

M '<""

61,931

264,200

:•,!, i'.<7

85,500

154, 171

2,500

5,462

1,300

,.:;•' MHI

257,061

45

/./'//«... 'I'hc no] them part of Idaho i- w.-ll timbered,
tin1 amount and den-i(\ of tin1 fore-t diminishing -"iilli
Wiinl. «o thai in tin- Salmon Ki\.i Mount. tin. tli.TOUJ
not linn It timU-r. while tin- great lava plat. -an <><•.
ing tin- southern |mrt of the -.tali- i- entiirh devoid of
anything liin/rr than »ageliriish. Tin' timl>er . ..nsuita
entiivh of emiifei-s. and mainly of western yellow |iin«'.
western white pine, iiiul red fir. with a little cedar.
Four-fifth- of the .-lit in the .-ensu- year eonsjsted of
yellow pine.

The area of woodland is estimated at 85,000 square
inil«-. or -J-J |>er cent of the area of th> Mm-hof

this land, however, has been hnrned over, causing the
partial or complete di-tnu-tion of the timber, and is
now f.i\en-d with young growth.

Within the state the t'nited States ban reserved an
area of 6.164 square miles, estimated to contain 6,800
million foot of tiiiiKer.

I.I'M HI l: INDUSTRY.

mm.

Value of
product.

•

....

UM...

M* Oft

in*

.

M7 MB

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERA- I
STAND.

•MB*.

Owned (M
(•M.B.M.).

Arrrur

•

1 <00 rut (11

(.-.-I. II. M .

117 600

A tm

.

54.70O

4 MA

-

1 WO

Ycllawpto*.

.

i.wo

.Khrrronllrn.

.

; .

TaUl

ST6.900

•

Colorado.— The timber of Colorado is found only in
the mountainous portions of the state, the plains in the
east and the plateaus in tho west (M-ing almost entirely
destitute of tree growth. The timl»er of merchantable
character con-i-t- entirely of conifers, and largely, if
not mainly, of yellow pine. Nearly three-fourths of
the cut during the census year consisted of that species.

The wooded area of the state is estimated to comprise
83,500 square miles, or 32 per cent of its total area.

The United States has reserved areas amounting to
4,849 square miles, or nearly one-seventh of the wooded
area of the state. These reserves, however, contain
t'ut little merchantable timber, as they had been cut
and burned very exhaustively before being reserved.
They are of value principally for the protection of
future crops.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

VklMot

!:£?

l.«97.«

riMlti i: ..UNI |.

BY 8PECIKS vM- \VBKAGE
STAKD.

zz

0»Md(M

SSFiR.

'

Y»llow plw. . .

Mi MD

,

am

II." | ...

•T.M

Total

,

II 't/oiii !H<J.— The tinilM-r «»f thi> .-.late is confined
mainly to the Yellowstone Turk with the mountains
east and south them>f, the Big Mom .Mountain, in tin-
north, ami the Medicine How Mountain-, in the >outh-
east. It consists, so far as mcrclmntnMc -JH-. i.-s are
concerned, almost entirely of yellow j>ine.

The wooded land covers an area c»(inmtcd at 13,500
square niil.->. or 18 per cent of tho an>a of the Mat.-.
Of this the United States has reserved an area amount-
ing altogether to .r>.ii<>7 square miles, and an area in Yel-
lowstone National Park of aUmt :!.-'•'"<> st|iiure mil. -.
making altogether a reservation of more than two-thirds
of the estimated wooded area of the state.

1.1 M HI i: INDUSTRY.

VMAML

Va)Mo(
ptwtaet

-

--.

40. WO

ino

. .
-

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT. BY SPECIES, AND AM HA«.K
STAND.

m

OwMd(M

tMt,B.M.).

Arrrur

.. .• ••
trrt.B.M.I.

Yellow pirn-

.

14. MS

.

Toul .

, ..

17 JM

Utah. — Merchantable timber in Utah is found mainly
in the Uinta Mountains in the northeastern part of the
state, and upon the high plateau- in the southern part.
The Wasatch Range, which traverses the middle <>f tin-
state from north to south, contains very little, if any,
timber oi merchantable quality.

The wooded area is estimated at 10,000 square miles,
or 13 percent of the area of the state. Of this the
United States has reserved, mainly in the I'inta Moun-
tains, an area of 1.606 square miles.

The amount of timber owned by lumber companies,
and the amount reported as cut in the census year are
very small.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

mm

V.lu,o<

•i»ULIim<
|MUQun.

jjjj

> . • •

1M>...

U*.l«

•Ml...

•Cm

1*0. .

175.1*4

1M

M».MO

1M

-:i :-"

46

Nevada. — There is but little timber in Nevada, that
little being mainly found in the western part of the
state in the regions outlying the Sierra Nevada.

The entire area of wooded land is estimated at only
6,100 square miles, or 6 per cent of the state's area.
The amount of timber land owned by lumber compa-
nies and the cut in the census year were insignificant.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

YEARS.

Value of
product.

1870...

J432.500

1880

243,200

1890

1900

7,060

New Mexico. — Merchantable timber in this territory
is confined to the mountains and is composed in the main
of yellow pine and spruce, the cut during the census
year being composed almost entirely of the first-named
species.

The wooded area of the territory is estimated at
23,700 square miles, or 19 per cent of its total area. In
the territory the United States has reserved tracts
amounting to 4,299 square miles, the principal of these
being about the head of Gila Riverain" the western part
of the territory.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

.— Merchantable timber of Arizona is con-
fined almost entirely to the summit and borders of the
Colorado plateau. It consists almost entirely of yellow
pine, there being no hard woods, and the conifers other
than yellow pine are found only upon higher parts of
the mountains and in very limited quantities.

The total wooded area of the territory is estimated
at 25,000 square miles, or 22 per cent of the area of the
territory. Only a small part of this, however, is occu-
pied by yellow-pine forest, the principal portion con-
sisting of pinon and juniper forest, which are of value
only for firewood, fencing, etc.

Within the territory the United States has reserved

an area of 9,195 square miles, including most of the
yellow-pine country, together with considerable areas
of pinon and juniper.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

YEARS.

Value of
product.

1870. . .

SIC 000

188(1

215 91S

18KO

24s 790

1WO

547 790

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

SPECIES.

Owned (M
feet, B. M.) .

Average
Hand.

1900 cut (M
feet.B. M.).

Yellow pine

409,200

2,000

36,0t8

Other conifers

154

Total

409 200

YEARS.

Value of
product.

1850...

$20,000
45, 160
121,225

I7:l. '.tin
:-.vj. 7i;i
411,627

1860 . ..' ....

1870

1880

1890. . .. ..

1900

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

8FKCIBS.

Owned (M
feet, B. M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut (M
feet, B. M.).

1,003,800
1,815,900

203
31,637

Vel low pine

1,700

Total. . . .

2,810,700

31,840

'California,.— The timber of California is found upon
the Sierra Nevada and the coast ranges north of San
Francisco Bay. A little is found in the coast ranges
farther south and in those of southern California.
The species consist mainly of yellow and sugar pine,
redwood, and red fir.

Redwood is found in a narrow strip stretching from
the Oregon line southward, closely bordering the coast,
nearly to the bay of San Francisco. In this strip, com-
prising some 2,000 square miles, there is estimated to
be 75 billion feet of redwood in a pure forest. This is
probably the densest forest, as measured \>y the amount
of lumber per acre, in the world. Lumbering is car-
ried on mainly about Humboldt Bay, at Crescent City
near the Oregon line, and at various points in Mendo-
cino county. The cut is almost entirely for domestic
and foreign export, the local trade being very small.
It is shipped to South America, Australia, and Japan.

Yellow pine is found along the entire length of the
Sierra Nevada and in the northern coast ranges. It
occupies in the Sierra a well-defined belt, which in the
southern part of the range is limited by a contour
3,000 feet above sea level, while northward it gradually
descends, coining down to about 1,500 feet in the upper
Sacramento valley. Its upper limit is, on an average,
about 8,000 feet, above which it is succeeded by species
which are fitted to a colder climate. Throughout its
range it is accompanied by sugar pine in the average
proportion of about three of the former to one of the
latter. The forest also contains a notable amount of
incense cedar and of red fir. The composition of the
forests in the northern part of the coast ranges is quite
similar to that of the Sierra, excepting that the propor-
tion of red fir is somewhat greater.

Scattered about in the yellow-pine forest, on the
slopes of the Sierra Nevada, at altitudes ranging from
4,000 to 6,000 feet, are ten groves, differing greatly in

magnitude, of v . tin- hi^ I:.. hi.-.

- run^c in height up (•• and in diameter

to a little i>\fi :'.n feet. They do not occur in pure

growth, hui : through the yellow pine forest.

I'hr w.N..le,l Iniul <>f i - estimated to have MI

•rea of 4».7"» -<|imre mile-, or •_".' JMT cent of the total
area of tin- -tat.-. The total iiiiiount of .standing tiinU-r
in tin' -tnti- i- estimated to be at l>-a~t •_'"«' liillion feet,
the principal -|>ecie- IHMII^ redwood and yellow pine,
w ith .-mailer amounts of sugar pine, red tir, and incen-e
cedar. < >f the total estimated stand. al»>ut on,- -i\th is
reported an owned by lumbermen, while tin- rut is less
than one-half of 1 per cent of the total -land.

The Cnited State- hu.- made a iiuinlH>r of forest
(•Mrvc.- which include all the ran;."- ol id-- NVthn
part of the state, and the Sierra Nevada range from its
southern end northward to latitude 88° 30'. Beside*
the reserve.-, which include a total area of 13,H83 square
mile*, it bait also set apart an area of 1,500 square mileH,
inclosing the Yoaemite \ alley as a national park, mak-
ing a total reserved area in the -tatc of 15,333 square
miles, or more than one-third of the wooded area of the

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

-|.n.,, h, tin- putt of the state, and near ,t- nndille
latitude, yell..* pin.- up|M>an and gradually increase*
in iiiipurtanee southward, so tluit near the southern
Uuindary of the state it divide- the forest with the red
tir. A little sugar pine accompanies it.

hi- estimated that the woodlands cover 54,800 square
miles, or 57 per cent of the area of the state. ^ care-
ful canvass of the timber resource- of the state, as
recently made by the United Slat.- i M-,,|o./i.-.,| Survey,
shows a total stand of timber of about ttfi liillion feet,
150 billion feet of which is estimated to consist. of red
tir and 4O billion feet of yellow pine, the remainder
OOMinting of other species of conifers — mainly cedar,
hemlock, and spruce. There were reported by lumber-
men as owned in the state a trill.- over •_'<• billion feet,
or less than 10 per cent of the total amount of standing
timber. The cut in the census year, 740 million feet,
wan about three-tenths of 1 per cent of the total stand.
The principal lumber center is Portland.

The United States has reserved areas amounting to
7,271 square miles, nearly all of which U comprised in
the Cascade range reserve, which includes that range
throughout its extent within the state. These reserves
|M estimated, as the muM ttt a BH«ftd ••xamirmtion. t.,
contain about 55 billion feet of timber, or one-fourth

*a«m

Value o(

|.r..ln. 1

the supply of the state.
LUMBER INDUSTRY.

•*»,«&
1.00. Ml
' • .
4.CS.980
S.7M.4I6
lt.1M.tn

.

TEAM.

'...,.

5S:::

UK

U60

"•as

1 !I
JOW«S

t.t».na

10.SW.I87

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

-

--

uoo...

ino

•

~-

OwiMdtM

toM.B.11.).

A£3P

em

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT, BY 8PECIE8, AND AVERAGE
STAND.

• •

1. Ml TOO
KH6.W)

i

:

i i

Bed Or...

Owned (M ATrracr
(rrt. h.M.i. rtiod!

1«OOcttt(M
f«et.B.M.).

••dwood ...

8cs<»iU

m

19.JCO
19.000

U.6U
M,H8
•0.006

'•£

^JJUP**^,

' -Ur S.HLMO H.JOt

»t,m

• •

m •••

QI^M IlKlKlCI

UraUock.:.

Hud jjyut±

Bed flr 11 It*. 100 il HO

Toul

8t>n>ce 'in 100 t'OH

M, 0*7. TOO

OK«O&

••• ; ' • 1 M04W U 000

Other onalfen.

Oregon. — The forests of O

regon are found mainly

Hard woods

•

Total . , , 30, J61 HO

i. l»

taken as a whole, the forests are very heavy, especially
uear the Pacific coast in the northern part of the state.
where stands of 100,000 feet per acre for entire town
ships have been reported. East of the range the timber
is by no means as heavy, and is confined to the eastern
slopes of the range, the higher parts of the plateau,
and the Blue Mountains in the northeastern part of the
state.

In the region east of the range the timber consists
almost entirely of yellow pine. West of the range the
principal tree is red tir, with some hemlock, cedar, and

Wtuhington. — East of the Cascade range the timber
of this state consists in the main of yellow pine, which
occupies the eastern slope of that range and the country
north of the Columbia, with a light forest in the ex-
treme eastern part of the state south of Spokane. In
the region north of the Columbia, the yellow pine is in-
terspersed with some tamarack and western white pine,
while upon the east slope of the Cascades there is con-
siderable red tir. All these forests east of the moun-
tains are light a.- compared with those westof the ran^'c.
In that portion of the state the forests, consisting mainly

48

of red fir, are very heavy, being exceeded only by the
redwood forests of California. Red fir, which is not
only the most numerous but the most valuable compo-
nent of the forest in commercial size and quality, ex-
tends from the shores, of Puget Sound up the mountains
to an altitude of perhaps 4.000 feet. Near the Pacific
coast the climate seems to be unfitted to it, and its
place is taken by hemlock, cedar, and Sitka spruce.

It is estimated that 47,700 square miles, or 71 per
cent of the area of the state, are wooded. Much of
this, however, consists of burned and cut lands that are
now restocking. The total stand of timber, as obtained
from a fairly thorough canvass of the state made by the
United States Geological Survey, is estimated at 195,688
million feet. This is distributed among the principal
species as follows:

Bed fir 90,593

Spruce 8,221

Cedar 22,646

Hemlock 41,571

Yellow pine 13,082

Within the limits of the state the United States has
reserved areas amounting to 9,500 square miles as forest
reserves, besides a small tract about Mount Rainier of
324 square miles, which has been made a national park.
All these forest reserves are in mountainous country,
mainly in the Cascade range and the Olympics.

Enormous amounts of valuable timber have been
destroyed by fire in the state, and large portions of the
amount formerly standing have been cut. The lumber
industry has been carried on in an extremely wasteful
manner, only from a fourth to a third of the wood mate-
rial having been utilized. When contrasted with the
practice in the states bordering on the Great Lakes,
where three-fourths of the tree is utilized, the amount
of waste becomes apparent. This is unavoidable under
present conditions of market and price, but will im-
prove as the demand for this lumber increases.

The lumber industry of Washington is of far greater
importance than in either of the other two Pacific coast
states; indeed, it is greater than the two combined. It
first assumed importance between 1880 and 1890, and
increased with tremendous rapidity, so that in 1900
Washington was the fifth state of the Union in the lum-
ber industry, with a cut of 2,300 million feet, while the
product was valued at over $30,000,000.

Lumbering is carried on in this state, mainly for ex-
port, by large mills with the most improved machinery
and appliances for doing work upon a wholesale scale.
In the lumber camps the work is done with donkey en-
gines and wire cables. The sawmills are, in the main,
large establishments with band and gang saws and all
appliances for the saving of labor in the handling of
lumber. The principal centers of the sawmill industry
are Tacoma, Port Blakeley, Seattle, Everett, Belling-
ham Bay, and Grays Harbor.

The preeminence of Washington in the lumber Indus-

YEARS.

Value of
product.

1860

81 172 520

1870 .

1 307 585

1880

1 734 742

1890

17 450 301

1900

30, 286 280

try over the other states on the coast is due primarily
to the fact that much of the timber land has been easily
accessible to water transportation, since it borders upon
the shores of Puget Sound. The timber accessible to
this means of transportation is, however, at present
largely cut, and the transportation of logs from the
camps is now mainly carried on by means of logging
railways.

There was reported as owned by lumbermen 21,700
million feet of lumber, half of which consisted of red
fir, and a third of yellow pine. This amount owned is
a trifle more than one-tenth of the total amount esti-
mated to be standing in the state.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.

TIMBER OWNED AND CUT BY SPECIES, AND AVERAGE

STAND.

SPECIES.

Owned (M
feet, B.M.).

Average
stand.

1900 cut
(M feet,
B.M.).

3 472 600

23.300

899 124

Red fir

10,940,000

16,300

1, 197, 595

734,600

24,500

89, 319

Yellow Pine

6 449 300

22,000

V", .«-.s

95 700

8 094

10,000

5,708

Total

21 702 100

2 296 803

FOREIGN TRADE IN LUMBER FOR 1900.
TABLE 23.— IMPORTS.

Quantity.

Value.

Cabinet woods:

28,228

$1,672,269

All otner

858,433

101,397

879,956

46,550

680,228

7,475,509

Shingles, M

541,040

1,011,234

All other ... .

8,993,391

Total

16,837,842

TABLE 24.— EXPORTS.

Quan titles.

Value.

Timber:
Sawed, M feet

473,642

$5, 768, 890

4,416,741

785,895

3,608,092

Lumber:

1,046,768

17,731,698

41,048

!>TiO,4U.ri

86,118

169,667

1,815,800

4,415,684

Total

34, 840, 119

\ It M-en from tin- aUive. tin- foreign tiadc in linn
i- not i.f magnitude. Tin e\|M,it- aie more than
double tin- iui|>ort.-. tint thi- m-t • \|>orts an- luit little
II\IT 3 percent of the total cut of tin- ••••untr\ .

Tal'le- L'I 'iitain <lrtuili-<l -tali-tic- cif tin' luill-

U-r indu-ti \ . ami tin-.' extended taMes are Mimnmri/ed
in TaMc I'."., which precede, thi'tn. The capital invented
in logging plant.- conducted l.y milling establishments
appears as a i««rt <if the total capital invented in SMT-
inilU. tin- capital in \ested in indi'iN-nrlrnt logging camps
or tinilM-r camps being shown separately and under it-
appropriate heading. The otln-r items of capital arc
-elf explanatory. It will be noticed that "live capital"
i- rc|M>rted in two place.-, tin- tir-t giving items of live
capital for three branches of the industry, namely, de-
|N-ndent logging i-Hinp-. -au mills, and planing mills,
and the second gu ing iti-m- of live- capital for timber
camp- or iiidc|x'iidi'iit logging camps only.

Under the heading of "wage-earners, including piece-
worker*," arc shown the greatest and least numberH
employed at any one time during the- census year, as
well a<« tin- aggregate average number of wage-earner*
employed in all four branches of the industry, namely,
in dependent logging camps, sawmill.-, planing mills,
ami indc|>cndent logging camps. Wage-earner* in the
dependent logging camps appearing in this table as
.-uch, their wages are accordingly counted as a factor
in the aggregate amount of wages paid for the whole
industry. Following the summary are the details of
employees under logging, saw and planing mills, and
timber camps.

I'nder the heading of "materials used," the "aggre-
gate cost*' includes, first, stumpage value of all timber
cut and used, whether in dependent or independent log-
ging camps; second, the total cost of all logs, ln.lt.-.
rough lumber, and other materials purchased: third,
the cost of all supplies, power, heat, and freight.
These bring the aggregate to the figures shown, namely,
$2-k>,295,101 for the United States. The state aggre-
gates under this head are made from the same factors
that enter into the aggregate for the United States.

Under the heading of " products," the aggregate of
1666,832,9*4 is made up of the three totals: saw-
mill product.-, $422,812,061; planing mill product...
$107,622,519; and the products of independent timber
camps, $86.398,404. In the case of the sawmill total,
the amount received for custom work is included a- an
item in the total value of the sawmill products. The
value to the owner (not to the mill) of these product -
i.- not included. The same is true in the case of planing
mill, the amount received for doing custom work being
counted as a part of the total value of products in this
branch of the industry. Under "timber <-amp>," the
amount received for contract work, which is the same
in principle as the amount received for custom work in
the mill, is counted as an item in the value of product-.
The-e tlin-e totals together make the aggregate of

Xo.

$6* The aggregate value of product* for

each state in made from il,.- -nine fa. lot- thai .1,1.1
into the aggregate' for the I'mi.-d >tat«a.

The total quantity of .awed liunU'r and almi the total

quantity of shingle imifactiired in each state and in

the United States, arranged according to M|» •. ie- ,,f
timU't used a. material, are shown in -<-|i«rate tobies
numbered 45, 46, and 47. The two vain. item-. I
ever, in these special tables viz, the one -li..wing the
total value of shingles and the other the total value
of sawed lumber manufactured in the United Slated
during the census year — do not enter in this form into
the total value of the sawmill product* for tin- :. i-.,n
that they include, along with the value of the merchant
sawed lumber and shingles, also the value of the cu-ioiu
sawed lumber and shingles. The object of these s|>ecial
tables showing the total quantity of sawed lumber and
the total quantity of shingles by states and for the
United State.-, arranged according to .jM-cie. of timber
used, was to present these items of the sawmill product
solely for the purpose of showing the total amount
manufactured without regard to their owner-hip or
value from the standpoint of the mill.

The next item entering into the total value of Haw-
mill product.- is that of cooperage materials. The
quantity and value by states and for the United States
of hoops, staves, and heading are shown separately,
and the total value of $2O,714.H7<> of all these cooperage
materials is also shown.

The next item under sawmill product is that of
"other sawed products." Most of these, such as " bob-
bin and spool stock," "furniture stock," etc., are re-
ported in M feet, B. M. . and only the merchant prod-
ucts are shown in this table. In the bulletin issued
alM.ut March 1, under the heading of "Sawed lum-
ber," where the object was to present a total for the
United States of all products of the sawmill which had
been reported in M feet, H. M.. the quantity of these
items, both merchant and custom, was added to the
quantity of "sawed lumber." both merchant and <-u-
tom, and it was these factors, the total quantity of all
sawmill products which were reported in M feet. It. M.,
that made the aggregate of 35,<W4,166 M feet, B. M.,
for the United States, This, of course, excludes
such products a« shingles, cooperage material, and laths,
but includes the total quantity of rough ImnU-r. both
merchant and custom, and the total quantity of those
items under "other sawed products" which were re-
ported in M feet, B. M., namely, "bobbin and spool
k." "furniture stock." "agricultural implement
-lock," "carriage and wagon stock." and "pickets and
palings." The total- for each state under this heading
are made up of the same factor-.

The total value of this sawed lumber, namely,
$3!«0.489,878, is not, however, in if. entirety, to be
considered a part of the total value of product.- for the
industry, namely. $56(1.832.9*4. for the reason that it

50

includes the value of all custom-sawed lumber instead
of the amount received by the mill for sawing it. The
sole object in showing this last item of sawed lumber
was to present specific information as to the total quan-
tity and value of the leading product of the lumber
industry, namely, that part of the sawmill product
which is reported in M feet, B. M.

The last of the five items making the $422,812,061,
total value of sawmill products, is that of amount re-
ceived for "custom work." This item is made up of
three factors; namely, the amount received for custom
sawing, amount received for custom grinding, and the
amount received for custom ginning. The grinding
and ginning amounts were shown on the reports of
those establishments that operated a sawmill and a grist-
mill and cotton gin, or a sawmill and gristmill or a cot-
ton gin jointly, and in which combination plant the
sawmill product predominated in value over the other
or others. The item $10,682,770, received for custom
sawing, when considered in connection with the total
quantity of custom-sawed lumber, namely, 3,575,952
M feet, B. M. , shows that the average amount charged
for custom sawing per thousand feet for the United
States was a little less than &3.

Under the heading of " planing-mill products" the
amount received for "custom planing" is in principle
the same kind of a product to the mill as "amount re-
ceived for custom sawing" and was handled accord-
ingly. One difference in the case of the planing mill,
however, is that the quantity and value of custom prod-
uct were not reported and are not shown in any part of
the report.

The item of "timber products" is made up of the
products, first, of the independent timber camps; sec-
ond, products of the dependent logging camps, which
were gotten out incidentally to the work of supplying
logs for the sawmills — i. e., such items as telegraph
poles, cross-ties, fence posts, etc. — which were gotten
out by crews in dependent logging camps in connection
with the other and principal work of supplying saw logs
for the establishment conducting such camps; and third,
in some cases dependent logging camps reported as cut
and logged, a quantity of timber in excess of the quan-
tity reported as sawed; and in such cases, in order to
show in the product the disposition of all materials re-
ported, this excess of logs logged over those sawed, was
considered as a product and carried to one of two head-
ings under timber products — namely, "hard wood and
other logs (cut for export)," or "logs for domestic
manufacture (cut for sale)." The total quantity of such
products as telegraph poles, cross-ties, fence posts, logs
cut for sale or export, etc. , turned out by both branches
of the logging industry, are therefore combined under
the heading, "timber products." The amount received
for contract work in the independent logging camps — as,
for example, the cutting and delivery of logs to the rail-
road or drive — has been counted as an item of the prod-
uct and not the value of the timber or products so
handled. This item of "amount received for contract
work " being treated just as amounts received for cus-
tom work in saw and planing mills were treated. These
three totals of sawmill, planing mill, and timber camp
make up the aggregate value for the whole industry of
$566,832,984.

51

TABLB 2S.-STA TI>TICS nh Hlh I IMKKK IM'OTKIK-
nK Tllr! I MTr I> -I \ : 1900.

(Summary of the extended table*. 1
si »•*• <t BTAI

Total

-«.«nii:

'

and 1MO.

•ii.ai.04

MO.SIa.Mt
Mt,*7U.M7

U.IU«M

K«Hw«)f»«n<lc.tulpm»nt
OuuK or chute*, for UmiMporuttM ot loci
Rlrer Imp

(nelarir* o( Mock In chartered boom

Veawli and for iraneportatlon of lumber or log*. Including
Meamlug*

Saw loin, boll*, hewed Umber, He*. poMa. etc.. on hand (not
delivered at mill) .VT.7.

All other capital Inreated «peclncaJly "In togging"

aawmlll plant. t»ul

Bulklingii'd rr'kiina! etc .' '. '.

Machinery, tool*, and Implement*

Pfenlng mill plant conducted by milling eatablUhmenu, total .

f^ty^ . ........ . ..... . .

Bulldlngi. dry kiln*, etc

Machinery, look, and Implement*

Lire capital, total ....7..

Log* and boll* at mill ...

' rol other product* (not planed or Bnlabed) on "hand,
lumbar. Mock In imuia*. and remanufaciuml

.
1.00f.«4

1.177. Ml

J0.aftl.177
• -I
i-

14. Ml. Ml
27.067.Mt
7l.49a.M4
1I.MO.HO

t,MO.OM
ll.t41.Ml

, .

HIM, MI

~ • - !

good*ooband:.. .......... '.......'.... Il.TM.fOO

CMhon band. MIU ncelrabl*. unwuled
and all mndrle*

Item*
Timber ramp. (

mpi

total

.
not Included In any of

).

r arcounta.
(orrcoinc

M.M1.14«
»,7tt,ia

iber land, or itandlng Umber

Tool* and ImpleBienta.llTe nock, etc

Logging railway* and equipment*

Oanala, or chute*, for iranaponaltnn of Ing*

Rlrer ImproremenU (exclurfre of Mock In chartered boom

wed fortraneportaUon of producu. Including

tug*

All other Item* of Inreatment In plant

LIT* capital, total .*.....

Value of producu on hand

Caafa on hand, bill* recelrable. uneettled ledger account*,
and all cundrie* not Included In the foregoing Item*

».<

X. 071. Ml

l.gU.SH

1»4. ISO

IK. OH

U1.JB1
4M.7H

raonuaTou, i»ru>TEB>,

Proprietor*, number.
Salaried em ploreea, ni

Amount paid

Wage earner*. In '

.

Orraicrt number
num

ludln*

llDCplecew

emplored at any one time during the year.

iptoyedat*

at any one time dnrlnc the year

as

tu.Mo.ia

«BO.«1
•0.8U
Ml 840

ATera«e number .

Amount paid ................................................ t140.K7.B4

Men. 16 y»ra and OTer.arerace number ........................ 177,400

Amount paid ................................................ tlM.4JR.4IO

Women. 16 yran and orer. arerace nnaker .................... .-

Amount |»ld ................................................ MH.M

Chlldrrn. under I « yean, arefaf* number ...................... S.612

Amount paid ................................................ tBM.141

l.MM

- •

m.iM

M.7M
M.M»

4S.IM

M
IM0

tM.7M.40t
2. j|7

Salaried employee*, number

Amount para ..................................

Wage earner*. Including ptetewoVkrr* (men. 1A rear* arid over):
OrealoM numbrr emploTed at any one time during the year —
I rant number employed al any one time during IB* year

Average numbrr
ntpaid....

LfMHB AXD IAW HILL*.

PaVprtOTOCV

Salaried

Antonntfpald
Omcenol

Amount paid ...... '...... ^..... ... ^. ^. ...... ....[.^... .......... tt.ai.ltl

i

d.

It yean and '..vrr.'.reratVnumher

tpald

j* 7«ai», a verafr number.

Mil

M4».IW

alartad

TlllaU . inn.

anrecate number . . .

_ number

Amoral I-M

,.-r»l wperlnu-ndrnu, rn.nwrr.. rlrrka. etc.. I

A mourn i*ld .77.

Men. number

Amount paid...

Amount paid .

. HK-IU.HIIK pieceworker. Yn.

MM.7Z7
»

age-eaniere. Including pieceworker* (men. It year* and oT*r):
Ureatrat number rmplnvrd al any on.- time during the year . ..
LeaM number employed al any one lime during tb* roar

Avrragr numt* r

17. 4M
I4.4M
».M»

Amount paid ......... !!;!!.'.'!.'!!.'.'."!!!!.'"!.'.".' tR,7&i'.7«7

In losxbig tor lawmm*. aggregate number .....................

^Jo5«o»u«p ........................................ .. no.fm.on

Tool number ...................... i .

Co* of keep ....................................... . tto.oniM

nm. Dumber ............................... JO (M

, .....................................................

Mala, number ...................................

Cortofkecp ............. «L«L«II

CMIto, numbrr... ».4l»

OnNofkMp .................................... • .

Tlmbtr eampi, total number anlmmU ........... 11 US

OMotkMp ..................................................... mKm

BOCHB. number ........................................... - .

Mnka, number
Ce-tor keep
tlv. numbrr
OoMof keep

.
, ,

M.I71

A »enn« number ol nanda emplojrrd during the jrwr..
Amount paid In wage*

MatrrtaU <uat

Htum pace, total

Onantlty. M fe«.B.M.
Cort

Alfothei

uthrr malerlali.

,101

,

Mt.m

Total Ion and bolt! purchawd ,
QnantiUw. M MM, B. M

. ..-;

Suppllea .
Pi.wrrand neat
All other material!
Prelrht

MT.OOM

ll.Mt.1

J.lta.1

M4.7M.I

Total lumber (reoch) •n.OM.OM

tlty. M feet, B. M 7.M4.44&

. r*.4tl.M»

n.M4.Ml

PoWeraad heat .

other material!.

stz

Total

ttompatr . quantity, M feet. B. M .
Ooat

Ajfoth«mat*rlaii".'.'.

..

•.144.117
. 044. 074

Total

Amount paid for rant of work!

Amount paid for taxca. not Including Internal
Amount paid lor rant of oAaaa Inlereat. '

tm.foi.iM

rtrennr lax and Mampi. ordinary repair* of buiktlati aad
machinery, adrenlitnc. and all other •ondrtti not HfUiHd

under the iMad of material 111.014.174

for contract work:

52

$566,

Aggregate.. .......................... ,422

Sawmills ............ • ..........................

Planing mills, dependent .......................................

Timber camps, independent ....... ......... ................... "

Sawed lumbe?, all products, quantity, MJeet ................ ... ^

M erehant", quan ti tv," M f eet .............

Value .......................................... • .......

Custom, quantity, M feet .................................. -.S'

Value ..................................................... *

Rough lumber: Merchant and custom tawed.
Aggregate, quantity, M feet .. ".".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. SS85.29813W

'' --

832,984
812,061
622,519
398,404
084,166
489, 873
508,214
402.903
575,952
086,970

.

Vrifow'pVne,' quantity, "MR-e.

WhIteUpin"e","quanUty;"M'feet... • jg

Hemi«k,"quanVity;"Mieet".'.".".".".'.". ..............

Value . ...... ....... ..... - .......................... ..(-() i(-

Redwood, quantity, M feet ........................ „ jcjj'gog

Value ............. • ............................. 1*448 091

Spruce, quantity, M feet .................................. $16 S"' 666

Value ............. - ............................. 196. 886

Cypress, quantity, M feet ..................................... „. ™;495

Value ___ ... ___ • ------ •• ........................ •»•*> 978

Cedar, quantity, M feet ................... $2 542', 818

Value ................ -••• ................... .159 108

Norway pine, quantity, M feet ............ "'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. *3,022!670

"

. y^x

MM

-j| (,]i|
./ OJ6

3M.120
w jg'™

132 601
„ ffi.' 621

' 'M\f.' »'ss
«2 764 089

'415' 124
w jjgs^

' 4W 731
'

Other rnmil products.

Tota, ........................................ 8-29,399,639

Bobbin and spool stock, quantity, M feet, B. M ................. 39, 975

Value ................................................. &>.:•">, £><

Furniture stock, quantity, M feet, B. M ......................... IS?' SI

ya]ue ................................................ Jl,88o,<64

Agricult'urai 'implement stock, quantity, M feet, B. M .......... -SklSSi

Value ............................................... 5o«5y, WK.

Carriage and wagon stock, quantity, M feet, B. M .............. -S'!SZ

Value ................................................ ' ' '

Pickets an'd'paiing's, "quantity, M feet, B. M .................... 35, 314

Value * ....................... Rw*t «w

': 'nuln'b'er °'£'1'000 " " " w: »: m

v::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ....... 819,600,779

S60VMO
J ^ l>
»o39,45!'

8107,622,519

Value
Sugar pine, quantity, M feet

Value

Tamarack, quantity, M feet

Value • • - ;

All other conifers, quantity, M feet

Value

Hard woods, quantity, M feet

Value

Ash, quantity, M feet

Value

Birch, quantity, M feet

Value

Chestnut, quantity, M feet

Value

Cottonwood, quantity, M feet

Value

Elm, quantity, M feet. . . . $5 240', 530

Value 285 417

Gum. quantity, M feet K ^ggO

Value - • <n; I;:Y,

Hickory, quantity, M feet $1 gfj'goo

Value ' QM 069

Basswood, quantity, M feet $3, 954:625

Value "i:>'ir"7

Oak, quantity, M feet - jgi'jy^jjg

Value ........-•••-->--•--•..•••••• 949

Poplar, quantity, M feet.... """"-"""" $15,646,331

Bla?kUw"a'l"nut; quantity',' M "feet $1 4u' 611

Value ** ' »••«' 4ftK

Maple, quantity, M feet.... "j;". ".".". I $7,495', 052

Syclimore,' quantity , M "f eet $3^7' 933

Value -^ 504

Other hard woods, quantity, M feet 015 948

Value

Shingles— Merchant and cutiom tawed.
Total, quantity, number of 1,000

V Yenow'pine,"qu"a'ntit'y," number" bi'i.'ow". . - $1 ^'gj

1, 859, 440
$2,969,805

''

fi* 367 345
»' 516* 497

"'

Other conifers quantity, number of 1,000
'

Amount received for custom work:
Sawing
Grinding
Ginning

:

White pine, quantity, number of 1,000

Value

Cypress, quanUty, number of 1,000

Value

Cedar, quantity, number of 1,000

Value .,.......•-•••---••-••••••"•••'

Hemlock," quantity, number of 1,000 -^'i

Value

Spruce, quantity, number of 1,000.

Red fir, quantity, number of 1,000 $269 233

Value V"Y;M»> iiaiu'j-

Redwood, quantity, number of 1,000 j^.y ^

* jT.^-,1

$40,244

All hard "woods," 'quantity, number of 1,000 S-''."J ';\'

Value •

Sawmills: Cooperage materials: $20, 714, 670

Hoops, quantity, number of i.OW ... K *^' ^

Staves.Vuan Vlty i number of i.OOO . . . . ' fls] 697'. 621

Value .......•••••••••••••••••"••***"*"""***""**"* 104 QMO 447

Headings, quanUty, numberof sets $4' 347' 584

Value

7,443

828,301

82, 546

12! 070

Gross value of finished lumber |«, 1*1 • *•*

Gross value of remanufactured products ^VS' ijj!

Amount received for custom planing

Timber camp: f.lf, ,„„ J1U

Total value --

Basket stock, quantity, cords

Value

Cooperage stock, quantity, cords

Value -

Excelsior stock, quantity, cords

Value „ ?,"X'SiV

Fence posts, quantity, number s^. «•'

Hop poles, quantity, number 1'«?9'j«

Valiie •- ...».....•••••••••""••••••••••••• w*^» jj*j^

Hewed timber", quantity, M feet, B. M . . . ^9, 759

Ha/rd1w3ood"an"d"b"th"e'riogsVcutforexpb'rty,q'uanUty,Mfeet,B

Value

Logs fordomes'tic'manuikc'ture (cut for sale), quantity, M feet, B. M. ^jj- jgj-.1;*0.

' e',423

$41,790

Value
Handle stock, quantity, cords

Value • i7q 999

Hemlock bark, quanUty, cords M6482

Value

Oak bark, quantity, cords *>J8'9UO

Value ^(u: ' ,';.KJ

Piles, quantity, number ^fj.' ^

Value •

Pavingstock, quanUty, cords „ ™

Value 99 ryV QQJ

Railway ties, quantity, number $6,' m 633

RivldUor shaVed'shingYeV, "quantity," number of 1,'obb' . . .

Value •

Masta and spars, quantity, number $28513

Value • 1601

Shipknees, quantity, number '''^

Value -•

Telegraph poles, quantity, number

Value •

Wheel stock, quantity, cords

Value •••

Charcoal, quantity, bushels $459) ai

All other" "products, quantity, M feet, B. M

Value ••

Amount received for contract work

937,963

$1,393,576

9,317

$46,135

6,796,334

$i" 666," 553
$850, 716

Power.

1,613,992

nglnes, steam, number , jjf ago

Horsepower • ' isw

Total horsepower
Owned:
E

Horsepow
Engines, gas or gasoline, number

Horsepower
Water wheels, number

Horsepower
Electric motors, number

Horsepower
Other power, number

Horsepower
Power supplied:

By establishments, horsepowei
To establishments, horsepower

152
8,532
«,164
200,983
216
7,099
10
495

1,177
2,130

CLASSIFICATION BY NUMBKR OF PKKSOS8 "^V" <NOT ""=WDt!Ui "WBIBTOB8

Total number of establishments .

No employees

UnderS

5to20

21 to 50

51 to 100

101 to 250

261 to 600

601 to 1,000

U,OM

623

12,798

16,537

2,580

M5

564

120

28

H

I I MUM: \M« TIMHKIt I'KulM i T- I'll Ml I I'- :<>, BY hTATKS ANI> TKRKITiiKlr>.

. M.-KKTABUMIMKNT- «iMMENCKMKKT. AND CRAIUCTKK OF OROAMIZA :

»t»T«i »»!> TCUftOBI*.

Tottl

(tawmlll.

.
I •nil*

•Baa1

3£

».<•&

SI. Hi

0,01

•

101

1.111

14

•40

01

M

•

17

-

t

.

6

14

U

|

§

f

l.lt*

1.141

flft

i

10

su

>H

0 j

IM

0

74

Culuowto

1M

U6

4

•J

«

17

Coatwetirat

n>

117

.

110

4*

1

DrUwara .

M

71

47

n

1

4U

M*

i-

M7

10

44

i.m

l.'JDl

0

741

44S

0

117

114

•

70

14

IS

107

tat

U I

an

144

U

lo-lUna

I,M»

m

»

1,104

67t

0

•

4*

1

0

If

1

[,,„.

JM

JM

174

76

It

Kanvj

M

M

42

11

KMilaeky

i.au

401

71

(xmMuM ,

O2

406

17

.'ll

1S7

n

-

•

&40

4t

••

IM

Jtt

104

17

M htwia. .... L LLL L ...

U4

; .

41«

10

11

••

1 706

1.81J

0

1.001

IM

Ulimtulg

, .

404

M

ao

1X2

74)

v . -

•ll

no

M

•

at

0

Mtavmrl..

1,197

i.i*

0

74O

0

Montuui

1»

U7

U

M

«

U

Xtbrulu.

a

U

i

Nvrwbi

4

4

4

.

.

.

U

SM

10

M

NcwJciMT

-•"•

1*7

-

1(7

0

1

N«w Mrxlm

•

n

1

21

7

4

New York

1.7CS

1.74Z

0

1.04

171

0

North Carolina .. . .'

1.770

1.7M

It

I.OM

4ta

0

North Dakota !

4

4

X

1

Ohio

.

••

SI

1.04

•a

0

yi»fc«-»-

JS

a

34

I

I

. ,. .

4M

M6

•

10

0

Z.B*

1.VO

0

1.4D2

0t

71

Khode lilaixl .

»

•

s

0

s

SouthOmllnm

7»

7U

617

in

0

Booth Dakota

»

•

1

If

t

S

T.I.U.— .

1.7K

1.4M

0

• •

•a

0

TCZM

07

401

0

SM

06

0

•M

n

n

0

a

t

•8

1

40

Ul

a

VlrctnU

1.M1

l.tM

17

04

•

«

77t

M6

MS

0t

10

W<«( Vliflol*.

«a»

m

.;

IM

S0

0

I.1M

1.00

0

07

Ml

1*7

WrariM

:

«

•

0

0

S

54

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS,
TABLE 37.— CAPITAL.

I

I

::
I
1
1

7
8
1

U

11

a
a

n

r,
H

17

H

r.i
•
.'1

a

•

M

•
M

a

u
m

H

•

.;.-,
H
•
:•;.:

H

•

;::•
•I"
H

41

m
M

!.'.

M

47
H

•
•
•

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

Aggregate.

HILLS.

Aggregate.

Logging plants (conducted by milling establishments).

Total.

Timbered
land tribu-
tary to mill.

Other tim-
bered land.

All other
land.

Tools, imple-
ments, live
stock, etc.

Logging rail-
ways and
equipment.

United States . .

(611.611,524

$590,816,363

8253,670,937

8147,601,377

823,533,931

816,801,580
691,260

816,264 285

819, 770, 969

13,020,183
181,950
940,698
21,727,710
28,236,332

972,098
1,188,965
354,464
14, 937, 693
11,802,716

913,352
5,246,277
10,947,574
104,003
8,762,219

85,194
9,805,404
20,093,044
15,764,538
2,622,928

6, 253, 171
67,379,698
52,096,923
17,337,538
11 089 799

12,711,054
177,050
940,698
21, 446, 432
27,205,852

964,429
1,136,575
354,464
14, 382, 768
11,595,074

900,414
5,035,612
10,929,676
103, 820
8,762,219

85,194
9, 727, 186
19,354,472
15,753,280
2,621,228

6,103,721
62,965,545
48,696,255
17, 233, 108
10,803,966

2,577,099
117,360
9,327
10,641,765
1,449,975

287, 199
21,623,335
13,804,918
27,275
13,695,133

136,361
7,658,377
47,532,653
157, 395
5, 165, 757

277,720
12,800,746
18,566,652
182,780
7,049,028

9, 176, 424
21,788,804
10,268,094
76,065,993
368,406

6,274,746
49,100
489,026
9, 291, 573
17,264,813

279, 187
399, 578
81,135
7, 588, 736
5, 939, 322

271,594
1,302,697
1,865,628
10,702
3,096,092

27,388
3,327,714
7,753,967
5, 167, 147
1,099,941

1,661,292
27, 174, 536
22,642,802
8,721,326
4,023,227

691,894
72,975
4,165
4,653,318
377,841

120, 591
9,149,934
6,162,531
19,160
3,206,972

89,206
2,466,988
22,943,190
52,285
1,968,470

124,485
2,790,873
9,000,816
72,205
2, 133, 532

3,326,491
7,600,414
4.604,443
86,120,090
225,300

8,542,575

321,638

.V,7. "7-

1,500
47,546
712,091
1,251,935

110, 120
72,295
26,185
383,253
969, 328

49,678
142, 226
335,322
7,260
51,844

6,658
265, 114
877,250
810, 687
98,684

158,690
1,233,852
618,222
539,603
343.072

162, 744
6,926
1,526
391,353
86,344

18,155
541,373
652, 474
1,040

359, 848

2,679
215,983
961,637
10,800
347,005

28,976
885,061
405, 379
19, 145
253,531

442, 076
576, 310
328,095
1,466,716
23,830

-.:;:;. I.M

Alaska

343,941
5,116,604
9,857,876

144,827
181,200
36,250
4,635,689
2,786,423

143, 175
367,195
817,730
2,700
1,496,220

13,900
1,842,268
4,701,903
3,210,315
671,589

866,876
14,818,530
14,373,944
5,802,452
1,953,044

302,838
64,200
2,000
2, 953, 850
141,665

36,470
5,488,775
3, 318, 768
12,120
386,891

84,700
1,456,047
14,686,809
14,335
1,002,135

69,550
1,669,130
5,661,667
39,896
1,812,366

1,721,400
4,618,310
2,324,762
22,673,768.
82,800

95, 239
1,453,176
2, 543, 558

2,000
20

895,292
1, 400, 717

2,880
62,595
8,150
408,014
298,960

25,000
370,050
195, 859

551,636
968,569

4,900
47,360
1,100
941,615
565,219

13,761

96,805
253,775

841, 571
1,209,636

250
18, 515
4,275

Illinois .. . .. .

48,835

4,000
262,645
794,564
250,537
102, 313

364,412
2,835,084
1, 725, 174
504,642
310, 728

56,100
825

194,614

40
110,825
206,213
171,719
73,188

113,623
2,802,700
531, 678
427,405
339,809

4,765

800
39,030
1,158,039
50,735
156,546

1,700
1,123,156
761, 969
930,364
788,567

7,739
600

Maine

Michigan

Mississippi

Missouri

2,590,224
117,360
9,327
11,382,114
1.477,930

291,599
21,873,203
18,385,097
27,275
18,741,418

136,361
8,167,433
47,832,548
216,670
6, 187, 727

650,960
54,814

21,500
1,152,370
705,608
5,000
1,663,900

121,175
74,498

46, 170
340,887
232,569

195,600
800

New Mexico

New York .. . .

M,n

916,532

North Dakota

Ohio

209,704

1,800
65,120
2,089,287
6,650
118,615

3,800
214,354
296,003
5,715
137,220

462,366
298,025
78,910
2,876,204
18,950

2,870

149,426
1,471,588
17,600
149,660

12,000
166, 440
912,347
95
290,060

394,585
620,363
489.265
8,466,337
1,000

158,289
1, 753, 739

South Carolina

157,950

South Dakota

283,720
12,900,595
19,161,265
182, 780
7,051,628

9,299,046
26,041,089
10,421,570
77,366,228
«,•(

86,170
1,259,401
2,350
5,826

147,530
677,735
702,354
1,624,280
1,000

Utah

Virginia

West Vlririnia

BY-IV1I-

m:i:iT«H:M- i-ow «-.,,,iinu«d.

TABLI HI

mil* nn

U«tn.pU.*,

„ ...

mlllln* nUblW>

n«iu>-c<aiito<M

1

••••1

S5ZS.

•

!<«». includia*
fttMlWo.

•I mill).

AlloUMTMMV
i«l liivvtod
b~M|||B7'

l*».l

- . •

-

....

fctn.Ml

MO. AM. 177

M.M1.M4

»H,W.»4>.

114. (Ml. Ml |

W.OU.Mi

ri.4M.«N

1

•

.

•
.

17 I"1

••

76, 4U

1.4M.2M |

W, 3UO

1M.074

•

17,1*0

1 HO

•

14H, MA

1.766

M.M9

78,191

1.TW

1I.M6

. .,

IJLTJI
24. H6

M.OB

2711,470
X7.401

11.070

•

4. 610, MO
1.0M.4JM

XW.144

21.714

I.I04.6H1
44, MO

1.04*. Ml
2.40H.OM

2M.6*7

^ 1

•

i.ao

M.T2K

UD.7U

*4.*14

19B.4C6

1M

MO

MOU

1.000

Kit. WO

11.796

«7.*70

77. WO

•

•

S.MO

law

•

10
2. MO

21. M7

•

7. MO
6.U4

6.B7

80,21*

u.n&

••
so. mo
a. MI

H.4&1

14.070

ZST.cnr.

-

w.au
«.OB

. •

11. 8W
W.16S

2.M0.1M
1.1W.OW

1.140. WO

1.4S7.SW

177. «77
241. Ml

-

1M.H7

740.461

6V.746
211.726
M7.H4

1.720.M*
2.246.4W

MO.*1H
2. 244. Ml

:.
:.
M

•

•

•

116

»,467

: •

4.000

6.671

IS. 010

l.Z72,»M

4.116

1*7.181

IVft.Md

•4,161

1

10

196

1.03ft

100

44.V74

1.901

4.7W

40.116

'.

1.070

28.400

4.4*0

4.100
7.250
47.000
MO

110. ?•

2*2*7

42,896

1.23U

14.49

67,090
1,736

•1&.4U

•

«2.01»
1CB.XK
11. «M
A 701

2,401,161
1,411,904
1. 927. 041

•

•'
404.176
721,102
74.946

471.M*
1.047.772
1.291.2M
1IK.S27

1.6W.474
VI.1W.767
1.M1711
461, 7H

-
: •
--
1

2,4*2

MO

112

K.071

10,«75

1,60,764

•J64.W)

606.406

741,261

11.400
8,100

2.440

7,«0

112, SOS
10.006

(.too

»,M6

MO, MS
7»,l«

•-•
JO, MO

-

4W.4S1
4«.»SO
178.M4

-

S.00.10J
4.3U.417

U0.7M
12S.744

K3.7S3
2B.177
U.822
W.4M

1ft, OM

10, OH, Hi
6.1M.W
«, 674. 177
I.OW.1I"

000,128

1.000. M4

-
M4.V71
2M.621

77.742

*M0.7W
1.2M.4M
712,447

•

1HH.S07

6,Mt,M4
S.17*.4M

2.44H.H67
2.147.442

. '

400

26

100

11.026

-

.V270

I*.*76

MO

•

MO

2. MO

1.026

84.100

4i.no

Mi

11.000

90,470
1&.M6

W.266
1,700

1.M7.7V7
440,619

-

•
111.746

1,06*. 402

H •-

Ul

S.MO

826

W.76S

--

h.WO

61.40

10, MO
41.766

77.00

M

S7.W
B.M6

M.4V

• - -

1.ZW.4ZJ

• •
1.000

1».<7H
8V.021

4.407,770
1,44*. Mi
4,000

-
I27.&7H

1.J44.262

764, »W
476

2, 472,441-
2.M4.M*
4. MO

•

H.OBB

&,«!
17

a. 06

.-. .

10

M.211

1,»2»,4M

.. .

-
2.416

.. -
4.446

1476. M2
M.176

•.no

18,145

22.400
»,ooo

«,7«

- -
W

ZB.SW

- -

1.008. Ml
S, 860

K.»4&

- - -'

2,262.m
4.M1.148

M1.6M
MO. 192
4.00

•2,707
1,40*. 2M
7.M6

1.614.101
4.4*2.«»
M.7K

O.MO

..

6. MO

710

11. WO

106, 7W

6,«O

21. M6
2.4W

1.&M.OM

•

116,416

4. MO

•2.424
11.700

1.040,216
41.066

|

12, M
M.M6
76
2,200

•.»
4,741
10.17*

w

IS, US
400

-

•,476
M.742
107,011
Ml. 006

l»,f»l
W.OM
M&
7.O6

W.774
M.290
11.440
114, 445

M.43&

67.41H
1S.M6

4W

M.M*
MK.UO
tX.MI

si. e»

1M.M

234.616
2.178
72,160

M.64»
-
M6.1C1
1,941. 1M
116,4*6

M.4D6
1*7,212

i.aoa

44,616

M.S42
184,771
100.420
S67.M7
WO

1,664.710
2,961.041
74,1»2
1.944, Mi

2,470,824
4,696,071
X2M.422
8.440.420
•4,010

404.167
220.170
4.416
2«a.70J

MO, 226
1.026. OK
171,2*6
1.MO.M2
4, MO

696.684

7f7,M2

6?7.170

640.221
1.890,771
•4. 117
2.M4.M6
11.406

2.40.M*
1.M2.M
42.0*2
1.084,114

l.B»0.178
4. 01*. 174
1.477,010
4. 9M.S1I

77,426

1

56

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, 1900— Continued.

TABLE 28.— CAPITAL.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

MILLS— continued.

Planing-mill plants, conducted by milling establish-
ments.

Live capital.

Total.

Land.

Buildings,
ry kilns, etc.

Machinery,
tools, and
mplemeuts.

Total.

Logs and
xiltsat mill.

Lumber or
other prod-
ucts (not
>laned or fin-
ished) on
hand.

Jressed lum-
ber, stock in
>rocess, and
remanufac-
:ured goods
on hand.

ash on hand,
bills receiv-
able, unset-
tled ledger
iccounts, and
all sundries
not included
in the fore-
going Items.

United States

$19.600,300

$2, 668, 393

$6,589,056

$11,342,851

$204,342,778

$22,169,911

870,869,824

$11,759,900

$99, 543, 143

614,427
28,650
79,664
937,634

845,668

55,775
50,965
13,975
581,126
372,186

57,210
204,865
427,798
1,400
257,501

31,645
2,125
2,915
45,538
73,968

8,546
6,420
1,450
46,913
26,796

5,666
25,090
67,672
60
41,483

137, 191
13,800
37,005
227,252
229,886

15,550
13, 170
2,700
175,456
98,810

12,570
56,275
125,265
300
78,414

345,591
12,725 ;
39,744
664,744
541,704

31,680
31,375
9,825
358,757
246, 580

38,975
123,500
234,861
1,050
137,604

2,438,652

155,958

820.455

213,569

1,448,670

223,192
6,706,975
5,470,817

330,326
345,279
137,364
3, 873, 740
2,103,530

313,932
2,187,080
5,198,868
22,388
4,419,738

10,830
3, 574, 180
7,097,899
6,203,997
756,783

2, 593, 919
24,669,028
19,850,285
4,334,764
3,470,934

1,200,998
13,360
2,400
3,675,925
548,745

93,260
6, 843, 815
3,060,008
1,950
5,906,183

4,900
2,428,470
16,673,090
53,546
1,450,581

•i no

5,825,347
5,730,603
23,731
2, 449, 226

2,787,201
6,687,870
3, 148, 569
29,777,881
38,290

28
464,566
196,226

13,218
14,725
2,695
179,605
86,980

60,004
120,307
421,882
1,999
377,078

1,518

348,923
415, 081
1,716,303
27,780

196,824
2, 395, 831
2,268,867
585,464
386,403

94,172
2,675
370
1,142,028
20,755

6,700
1,285,355
228,566

88,791
2,421,473
1,590,206

75,817
91,476
5,732
959,895
483, 824

102, 714
740, 122
1,863,423
2,547
1,522,896

1,496
1,238,424
2,385,389
1,255,257
184,560

1,075,171
9,327,839
8,697,254
1,883,780
1,098,035

436,963
2,760
790
997,376
106,240

14,426
1,996,862
1,385,833
1,900
1,689,007

1,080
618,289
6,420,853
31,820
308,400

45,200
1,924,754
1,602,109
9,795
789,034

909,636
1,638,602
1,082,278
12,728,773
12,492

8,182
683,083
743,938

27,595
18,985
11,987
US, DM
149,936

29,105
380,457
342, 817

126,241
3, 137, 853
2,940,448

213,696
220,094
116,950
2,125,686
1,383.790

132, 109
946,194
2,570,746
17,842
2,096,864

7,817
1,747,761
4,039,339
2,880,812
472,838

1,209,088
12,032,700
8,447,716-
2, 150, 758
1,717,193

571,068
7,935
1,240
1,353,604
291,837

69,910
3,047,563
1, 191, 756
50
8,129,437

2,815
1,342,103
8, 900, 736
20,075
993.923

30,760
2,921,827
3, 700, 180
12,216
949,763

1,548,257
3,817,665
1,611,368
12,888,622
10,428

Florida

Idaho

Illinois

422,900

421,939
888,702
455,095
116,453

424,756
1,118,059
1,034,509
600,842
273,687

75,079

83,415
82,205
70,940
16,933

62,445
164, 167
232.972
44,013
22,115

8,960

113,728
261,808
159,005
27,722

191,393
336,490
313,806
157,220
70,024

25,505

224,796
544,689
225,150
71,798

170, 918
617, 402
487, 731
399,609
181, 548

40,614

239,072
258,090
351,625
71,605

112,836
912,658
436,448
214, 762
269,303

98,805

Maine

Maryland

Michigan

Missouri

Nebraska

344,725
82,870

3,585
1,121,816
633,534
165
658,297

32,630
28,210

155
196,350
65,957
15
102,507

125,795
22,325

635
384,734
183,349
50
197,048

186,300
32,335

2,795
540,732
384,228
100
358,742

183,017
130,913

2,226
515,035
253,853

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

639,664

806
268,511
1,756,923
612
93,0%

4,470
545,507
128,378
945

488,857

84,834
1,171,283
363,907
3,438,228
6.005

448,075

200
199,667
594,578
1,038
85,162

1,900
433,269
299,936
775
261,572

249,474
660.420
91,016
1,272,258
9,366

510,686
1,008,024
733
208,650

13,220
619,816
884,672
10,662
622,077

391,90s
983,147
278,660
1,527,602
10,806

76,311
167,364
48
18,926

490
143,332
81,359
807
61,062

89,978
174,782
32,613
220,297
1,071

101,800
253,547
200
51,650

2,305
117,994
232.963
1,845
168,040

90,395
244,648
82,729
454,454
2,206

332,475
684,113
485
138,075

10, 425
358,490
570,350
8,300

302,985

211,535
518, 717
163, 318
852.851
7,530

South Dakota

Tennessee

Utah

Virginia

West Virginia

Wisconsin

I.CMHKK AXI> TIMKll: n;«H>HT- I>KTAI1.KI»I \ 11-11. > UY - I A I K- \M> I 'I III: I I . >K1BB,

TABU M.-CA)

TIM ft I* t AMra UffMMBfMD-T).

VTATM AMD Ttaarrnaiov

MM*.

JT.OM-U1

•. . •

' • :

Total.

.

i

rail way*

rqulp^

MM,

Danateor
rhutra

lura

UTW

• ,
•ran

.
- .. •

• I.. L III

char-

:. • :
tmum
, .
nla.).

'

Ulloll III

|.r,-liii I.

weladlag

*«un

AlloUMT

i«|-llal •

rattt*

Total.

.- • ..

«. -

%

ll.HI7.Ra 1194, UO

.
: ...

•1(1. m

«... -

•B.216.7M

M

».. .1 „.

, rj a

Al«t»ma .....

10,0*0

. ••

... -.

-

(9.010

. ...

•

: '

. ,.-.

Al*»k*

•MM

UM0.4N

AMO

1K.6*

mm
MM

16,427

•7. ni

T««0
10.107

B.471

n.m

18.100 1.769
67.000 4.000

i.ooo

MM

. -•

69
110

144.14*

1.9M

M.W1

AIM

•7.4N

•M

44.m

4t,7«

1.000
U.430

California

,

Florida

6*4, *»

•r,M

-- •
17. m

411.446

9.711
181.10*
7,80*
160

S07.((4
106. OM

6.000
114.006

70.76*

-

l.«00
6,001
1.40*
169

4&.9T2

•.m

NO

1.0«0

no

no

1(0

1,600
400

MM

ll

690
6S6

la.480
46.664

*•**> ,
10.0*2

AM

1W
4, Id

TS.K*
M.1U

690

7.A40
6.911

•

Idaho

IUIDOMI . ,, -TT-T--

(0,000

i

I oil IAD Territory

TS.na

4.414.161

S.SW.MR

....

IS. 116

1,700
68,6(0

(7.011
•MM

MM

U.S46

. . . .
••

1S.TSS
46.SM

JZ

IS. 776
US.SM

1.S.4W
M.43S

•.000

(00
M.WS

MM

46,120
210.10*
•,698

AM6

AM*

6,m

».476
U7.7M

s,m

fjmilajani , . ,

6.N9

Maine

Maryland

. 1
2.749.W

••
M.«0

isi.m

1.700

1,000 90,870
102,001 I l.MO.«M
16.114 77S.7K
1.170 17.418
11.610 - •

44. m

Ml. 110

-•
17.04

4.1T*

4*. 476

MI. m

l . ,-.

(.616

..

SI. WO
617.000

••

K.m

S.400

71.690

(2,900
14. UO

Ill

MtavMnpt

Mi*joari

Mimtana

Nroraafca

MMM

X7.H6

4.400

. • •
(0,17*

14. m

400

•MM
IMM

1*7. SB 71. ON
ll.SB 1 2.WB

400

111. KB

1.260

MM

M

SM.M4

IS, 070

, ..

MM

S7.cn

2.000
1.000

n.m
"

m*n

11.070

- ••
• -
S.40S

New Jrrwey

New Mexico

Mew York

14»,6(« 17.770
».««& 16.17V

60S

1M

North Carolina

(0,100

TOO

Ohio

Am

M.071

in* ' io.9«

1.100

—

1.M7 : (0,114

«.

AIM

Oregon

•MM

mm

69.176

n.n*

•MM

.-. -.i

MM

U.7SV

MM

464. 1M

•6.746
116.067

7,m
MM

, 101.110

.- ;--
1.SS6
6.06

7»,m

10, in

440

1,674 U.MB

MM

..

(06

171,14*
117.041
69,116
10. 140

U.MO
ATM
7.640

61.617
104,101

n.m

1.700

t . •. . . • -

Sooth fferolina

1

Sooth D«kou

AM>

116,616

IS. 6(4

2M.171

•

27.441

66.666

140.467

101. m

u.ta
».m

Tfrn*

1 -'•

10,000

I'tah

MM

.-. .-.
MM.M

1M.47*
l.mm

•MM

MM
•.«•

i S,0((.OM
108. M«

4oi. or

210. OM

17, •»
1.M1.60
69.787

,.-. M
6S.69*

690

10.147
762.221
17.M4

M.m

Virginia

1.00*
12.671
169

. "

MM

i«.m

MM

•f.OOO

«.«7
1. 110. TO
44. (*2

m.m

..

(AMI

Am
m«4

AM*

17.117

mm

S.M7
»17W

Washington

4»,S4S
16.0*

«.m

14. m
MM

. ••

W«ftt Virginia

main if

..

VfM-t

58

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, 1900— Continued.
TABLE 3O.— PROPRIETORS AND FIRM MEMBERS. SALARIED EMPLOYEES, WAGE-EARNERS, AND WAGES.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

SUMMARY.

Propri-
etors.

Salaried officials,
clerks, etc.

Wage-earners, including pieceworkers.

Num-
ber.

Total.

Men, 16 years and
over.

Women, 16 years
and over.

Children, under 16
years.

Greatest
number
employed

Least
number
employed
at any
one time
during
the year.

Salaries.

Average
number.

Wages.

Average
number.

Wages.

Average
number.

Wages.

Average
number.

Wages.

at any
one time
during
the year.

United States

43,322

14,333

112,620,143

382,840

8140,327,924

377,480

{139,428,499

1,748

$363,283

3,612

$566, 142

650,601

,350, 818

1,516
35
13
1,565
335

201
249
105
537
1,697

141
1,106
2,471
65
327

68
1,699
622
1,112
474

686
2,161
543
1,099
1,614

178
30
4

494
14
22
873

387

47
38
2
416
468

23
138
428
4
147

367,229
7,810
33,560
682,545
427,242

38,487
20,396
900
337,405
297,402

14,240
116,034
329, 547
957
175, 768

12,638
93
342
21,302
9,322

970
1,074
531
9,041
14,720

594
4,173
11,808
209
2,919

93
9,277
13,186
9,049
2,481

3,463
36,900
20,081
13, 713
8,389

1,949
39
6
6,382
978

557
9,243
16, 149
17
10,459

49
5,130
20,359
182
6,569

296
12,980
10,962
202
4,748

11,031
19,143
7,924

•MM

687

3,091,821
85,252
244,850
6,410,843
4,620,912

441,135
416,290
127,158
2,798,279
3,404,972

262,815
1,570,472
4,465,113
55,643
1,098,717

28,172
3,015,656
4,326,882
3,391,444
622, 874

1,499,661
15,305,722
9,451,787
3,967,030
2,809,551

1,037,291
13, 917
2,225
2,383,074
409,282

170,290
8,663,383
3,443,806
4,400
4,023,696

10,725
2,558,667
8,312,776
64,867
1,314,692

146,366
8,960,624
4,233,096
66,826
1,532,957

3,137,853
10,444,731
2,666,084
12,947,544
289,017

12,216
93
330
21,077
9,222

968
1,074
496
8,896
14,588

586
4,012
11,708
207
2,803

92
9,113
13,077
8,990
2,235

3,408
36,386
20,028
13,634
8,232

1,948
36
6
6,300
976

656
9,144
15,919
17
10,322

49
5,037
20,186
181
6,519

296
12,620
10,921
192
4,604

10,664
19,050
7,863
29,977
687

3,033,800
85,252
240,850
6,371,454 |
4, 596, 982 '

436,725
416,290
122,385
2,776,344
3,391,071

261,415
1,541,625
4,448,153
55,253
1,081,294

28,022
2,989,550
4,306,829
8,378,783
602,918

1,484,740
15, 196, 768
9,439,116
8,954,765
2,782,115

1,037,051 <
13,386
2,225
2,365,418
408,982

170, 165
3,635,988
3,416,631
4,400
8,999,610

10,725
2,587,650
8,284,082
64,249
1,310,379

146,356
3,893,129
4,226,577
65,203
1,514,280

3,103,050
10,416,710
2,654,210
12,887,527
289,017

67

11,757

355

46,264

19,353
218
474
32,273
14,317

1,802
1,770
998
13,240
23,362

1,466
8,046
19,521
868
6,115

248
17,222
18, 216
20,710
4,620

5,996
68,169
36,242
19,823
18,975

3,781
132
18
12,236
1,648

884
18,496
25,078
38
18,621

142
9,188
33,868
336
10,055

561
23,605
15,711
696
9,640

18,108
27,212
13,406
58,821
1,029

12,830
187
312
20,042
6,866

1,056
989
560
7,646
16, 176

647
4,325
12,248
159
1,810

137
9,826
12,190
8,488
2,590

8,209
30,039
12,457
13,591
8,071

1,713
47
13
4,666
860

455
9,160
16,515
10
10,641

87
4,495
19,544
209
6,799

312
13,060
10,798
869
4,650

11,782
17,194
8,257
22,185
612

Alaska

12
216
59

1

4,000
37,904
10,403

180

9
41

11

1,486
13,527

4,230

California

Delaware

23
38
11

8
33

17
1
5

3,113
6,999
1,800

1,400
8,040
3,886
120
1,229

12

107
121

1,655
14,936
12, 101

Florida

Idaho

Illinois

128
83
1
111

1
160
108
5
103

5
262
38
68
106

20,807
13,074
270
16,194

150
25,219
18,653
987
6,178

875
54,570
9,686
9,800
19,426

Indian Territory

366
636
312
87

97
1,467
715
538
275

49

266,879
617, 759
252,344
44,437

82,596
1,413,518
834,222
453,244
235,431

60,906

4
1
54
143

50
252
15
11
51

1
1

887
400
11,674
13,778

14,046
54,384
2,985
2,465
8,010

240
156

Maine

Maryland

Michigan

Mississippi

Missouri

Nebraska

2

876

New Hampshire

681
246

36
2,161
2,426
6

2,800

46

696
3,078
38
918

24
2,486
846
106
816

1,789
978
1,334
1,284

77

141
82

12

387
482
1
375

1
260
579
4
262

16
447
426
7
91

415
74S
298
1,826
18

104,937
23,384

8,200
303,104
328, 729
300
309,686

600

229,101
481,405
1,325
150,999

13,820
370,543
409,113
1,860
56,193

280,038
743, 918
233,044
1,348,601
10,496

70

15,961

12
2

1,696
300

1
77
35

125
12,985
4,447

New York

22
195

4,410
22,727

North Carolina

Ohio . .

79

16,306

58

7,680

78
42

15,532
7,766

20
131

1
36

6,486
20,938
118
3,913

Pennsylvania

4

800

118
3
6
99

157
50
5
83

26,767
296
636
18,411

17,384
16,412
869
18,486

242
38
5
40

210
43
56
437

31,628
7,228
488
6,266

17,419
11,609
10,005
91,631

Utah

Virginia

West Virginia

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60

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS,

TABLE 38.— PROPRIETORS AND FIRM MEMBERS, SALARIED EMPLOYEES, AND WAGE-EARNERS, AND SALARIES AND WAGES PAID.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

MILLS.

Proprietorsand firm members.

Salaried officials, clerks, etc.

Total.

Men.

Women.

Aggregate.

Officers of corpora-
tions.

General superin-
tendents, mana-
gers, clerks, etc.

Total.

Number.

Salaries.

Number.

Salaries.

Number.

Salaries.

United States .. ..

43,322

43, 118

204

11,927

$10,734,405

2,117

13,227,147

9,810

»7, 507, 258

1,516
85
13
1,665
335

201
249
105
537
1,697

141
1,106
2,471
65
327

68
1,699
622
1,112

474

685
2,161
543
1,099
1,614

178
30
4

681
246

36
2,161
2,426
6
2,800

46
596
3,078
38
918

24

2,486
846
106
815

1,789
978
1,334
1,284
77

1,514
35
13

1,555
829

198
246
102
531
1,688

141
1,103
2,452
64
326

(IS
1,696
513
1,109
473

684
2,154
540
1,091
1,610

177
80
4
674
244

86
2,141
2,420
6
2,795

46
691
8,072
88
916

24
2,478
841
106
808

1,780
976
1,324
1,279
77

2

388
13
16
752
312

44

30
1
349
391

20
128
402
4

145

304,772
7,250
25,200
598.529
340,137

88,002
16,2%
200
291,132
258,521

13,690
106,584
313,422
957
178,768

94

128,778

289
13
12
625
251

85
29
1
301
329

18
114
846
3
115

175,994
7,250
19,300
433, 979
235,373

28,902
16,096
200
208 432
189,661

11,290
81,634
233,928
457
105,048

Alaska . .

4
127
61

9
1

5,900
164,550
105,064

9,100
200

10
6

3
3
3

«
9

California

48
62

2
14
56
1
30

82,700
68,860

2,400
24,950
79,494
500
68,720

Idaho

Illinois

8
19
1
1

Indian Territory

8

9
8

1

1
7
8
8
4

1

829
562
257
78

93
1,118
492

461
227

35

256,615
544,763
228,607
38,687

81,896
1, 111, 624
664,087
403,902

m,at

44,416

53
129
45
10

5

197

86
85
51

5

63,580
197,623
76,163
8,240

8,800
314,069
228,690
126,056
90,909

10,100

276
423
212
63

88
921
406
376
176

SO

193,035
347,140
152,444
30,447

73,096
797,555
435,397
277,846
114,284

84,316

Massachusetts

Michigan

Mississippi

Missouri

7
2

99

80

9
830
412
1
862

1
209
502
3
216

14

409
874

7
84

840
541
251
1,100
6

84,838
22,136

6,000
269,431
291,414
300
302,091

600
200,030
426.568
725
134,199

12,020
352,578
371,868
1,850
53,243

229,078
525,787
203,560
1,175,049
2,495

15
1

2
38
77

17,180
1,000

1,500
40,988
102,150

84
29

7
292
886

1
304

1
153
451
8
186

8
362

67,658
21,136

4,600
228,443
189,264
800
217,968

600
118, 186
350,369
725
93,199

4,280
262,948
266,583
1,850
41,183

176,218
377,102
137,062
743,690
1,896

New Mexico

New York

20
6

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

5

58

84,123

Oklahoma

5
6

56
51

81,844
76,199

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

2

80

6
57
78

41,000

7,740
89,630
106,285

South Dakota

Tennessee

8
4

Texas

301
7
73

804

416
199
848
5

Utah

Vermont

7

9
2
10
6

11

86

126
• 52
262
1

12,060

52,860
148,685
66,498
431,359
600

Virginia

Washington

WestVirginla

Wisconsin

Wyoming

61

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62

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, 1900— Continued.

TABLE 33.— SALARIED EMPLOYEES, AND SALARIES, WAGE-EARNERS, AND WAGES PAID.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

TIMBER CAMPS.

Salaried officials, clerks, etc.

Wage-earners, including pieceworkers
(men, 16 years and over).

Aggregate.

Officers of cor-
porations.

General superintendents, managers, clerks, etc.

Total.

Men.

Women.

Num-
ber.

Salaries.

Num-
ber.

Salaries.

Num-
ber.

Salaries.

Num-
ber.

Salaries.

Num-
ber.

Salaries.

Average
number.

Wages.

Greatest
number
employed ,
etc.

Least
number
em-
ployed,
etc.

United States

603

1526,203

78

$122,309

525

$403,894

498

$394,727

27

89,167

20,542

338
11

»8,751,767

87,409

14,498

16

5,800

2

1,200

14

4,600

14

4,600

66,019
11,179

591

47

265

43

Alaska

17

28

1

11,276
28,000

60

3
3

2,520
4,600

14
20

1

8,756
23,400

60

14
20

1

8,756
23,400

60

372
547

31
65

128,936
307,062

14,000
23,081

1,101
1,036

40
130

374
453

17
84

Florida

16
23

1
7
6

12,804
10,125

50
8,200
3,250

1

5,000

15
23

1
6
6

7,804
10,125

50
5,200
3,250

15
23

1
6
6

7,804
10,125

50
4,600
3,250

716
615

3
113
125
3

214, 269
111,619

1,460
41,560
42,315

764

1,270
1,251

31
304
241
8

546
562

12
83
125
1

Idaho

Illinois

1

3,000

1

600

Indian Territory

8
16

2,295
20,360

8
10

2,295
10,460

8
10

2,295
10,460

187
817
17
4

94
2,406
3,948
224
220

20

50,947
222,870
5,156
1,115

38,330
1,162,188
1,591,015
47,047
67, 217

10,450

486
954
62
18

204
4,521
7,828
410
476

45

198

697
26

1

69
1,352
1,682
189
154

83

6

9,900

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

89
102
4

95,141
86,970
2 400

6
10

25,167
7,820

83
92
4
10

69,974
79,150
2,400
6,167

79
92
4
10

68,334
79,150
2,400
6,167

4

1,640

Mississippi

10

6,167

IS

6,329

13

6,329

13

6,329

579
25

100
291
414

178,001
9,349

30,000
120,335
106,613

1,094
63

100
549
537

144
23

100
258
394

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

8
10

1,460
5,990

3

9

1,460
4,190

3
9

1,460
4,190

North Carolina

1

1,800

North Dakota

Ohio

8

1 330

3

1,330

2

1,186

1

144

178

65,372

831

170

14

4

8,786
2,476

2

2,224

13
4

6,562
2,476

12
4

6,662
2,476

611
886

7
129

30
171
883

271,688
133,291
2,450
20,740

15,415
45,843
143,626

1,218
702
20
820

60
376
782

425

307
11
89

20
163
621

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

1

1
»
14

250

1,000
8,130
9,500

1

1
9
»

250

1,000
3,130
6,400

1

1

9
9

250

1,000
8,130
6,400

South Dakota

Tenneanee

5

8,100

Utah

Vermont

8

160
4,759
187
860
443

2,600

46,234
2,782,622
61,861
360,721
206,567

20

320
6,960
406
1,946
561

8

140
3,794
161
517
307

Virginia

11
188
>
81

8

18,428
142,468
6,817
23,646
6,700

4

28
1
1

10,000
89,878
1,500
6,100

7
106
8

•
8

8,423
103,090
5,817
18,546
6,700

6
92
6
21

8

8,023
98,770
5.200
16,600
6,700

1
13
2
5

400
4,320
117
1,946

Washington

West Virginia

M MHKK AXI> TIMHKK I'Uul'i • r- I'l I v 1 1 M • - 1 M :- ITBB \\l-n

T»m« lU.-rKKMiNM EMPLOYED. WAUE-KAJUtEHA INCLUDING

a UMOt

M FLAirn

•

rui IT m

LUM »»TA|

...

Mao. U]

rranaod

mr.

January.

March.

>:•

M.,

Joaa.

July.

AlWWL

.

ItoT-h..

Da.*-*..

CnlMd Man*

IV, (Qi

IK OH

IB. MM

M.M

M.OS*

•.tM

76.064

76,074

H.001

•0.7H

UB.U7

Alabama

1«M

-

••

: '

• :

t7

17

S7

17

17

17

147

144

I4S

Ul

H»

147

144

144

144

H.'

141

141

ArkaiMa*

6,400

.-

ft.ni

6,044

ft, (06

ft, 1*0

Ml»

6.1H

6,214

6. an

&.22J

ft, 104

California

1004

IB*

1H8

1.788

4.421

4, aw

4.477

4,401

4,411

4,040

loa

2.1*0

Colorado

•an

.

in

174

•at

2X2

HI

•44

H4

217

Dalawarr

106

HI

1X7

100

00

R

00

00

10

104

H

2.2M

1.177

1.W

lOH

1014

1.7*0

1.061

1.7*1

1.01*

1.H7

•.H7

6.B7

ft, MM

6.411

&.XB

4.470

1.&12

1,6414

a, (06

a. m

4.011

4. OH

Idaho

•

94

107

1M

1M

124

141

141

1H

mtnoto

•74

.

780

7X1

700

an

470

HA

601

017

H7

IftB

. •

t.M»

l.*41

2,461

1.167

2,000

X046

2.1W

. . .

1H1

11H

Indian Territory

M

41

BO

40

11

a

17

H

H

B

H

H

Iowa

2H

1*6

141

M

4ft

14

a

70

•

UO

Mi

H

B

M

11

U

t

0

•

11

17

B

10

K ID tacky

-:

1.100

. • -

1.M7

1.671

1,606

1,616

1.667

1.1160

1.H4

1041

1*08

S.OU

1,1111

1.11*

2.W7

1.07K

1,084

. •.

1HO

1014

ll«ln*.. .....................

t, MM

4, Ml

-:-

1,704

960

4(1

K7

420

8(4

l.OH

1(01

4. OH

1.184

1.141

(40

410

202

.; .

176

Ul

OH

041

M

n. ai

17,262

»,417

7,711

8.511

6, (72

0,066

7. on

8,00)

12.210

14 4V.

V

- -

8,1(0

7,4(4

•.MM

1,107

2,702

2,618

2,401

2.047

a, on

(,H4

7.H7

MtataM

4.406

4.H7

4.4»

4, BO

4,440

1.104

1.041

1,702

a,8H

a, OH

1740

1(12

Mhatmrl

14M

142ft

1.071

Z87*

X§77

2,012

2.072

2,001

1,22ft

2.1B4

1440

IMt

Montana

M2

to

010

(V

660

74A

8H

07t

-•I

Nrbraaka

15

1»

11

10

t

7

t

I

I

S

7

ft

Nwrada ..,,,.,

I

4

1

1

I

|

f

S

1

J>>w Rtmrnhln

a, no

1714

J.175

1,011

1.2H

1.277

840

098

1.74M

1014

1717

itu

»«w Jenrr

M

167

at

270

.1 .

Iff

177

177

270

MM

Nrw Mexico

-

•an

*a

171

17(

171

170

170

101

214

170

H«w York

1,781

a, TV

1,441

1,174

2.011

1.647

1,171

1 MM

1,714

1MM

2.6H

17H

North Carolina

6,006

4.H7

&.148

.;.

t,OM

4.1H

1.028

1 74*

a,M

4. OB

10H

1BO

North Dakota

|

7

7

• 11

U

7

s

2

fl

t

Ohio

1,171

1271

.

2. BO

2.UO

1.100

1 (04

1 OH

1 (OO

1,078

1.0*4

1.077

Oklahoma . ,

14

15

It

U

|

|

1

1

1

1

1

1

MM

HO

1,04(

1. IX

1,101

1.046

1,17ft

1.1B

1,071

l.OH

811

7H

7,021

0,074

(,Ma

(.OH

7 4*6

(,7M

1.202

(.no

(.447

*.H*

(.172

Bhod« Uland

a

«1

M

a

(2

H

00

ft]

(4

70

(ft

07

•oath Carolina

2.1*6

1,170

2. *B

2,206

2,1*0

1.714

1.027

1.700

1.728

1.-I4

1.0U

l.OH

Sooth Dakota

111

135

11*

111

111

101

101

101

101

111

10ft

122

l.»7S

2,04*

1,147

2,260

2.241

1 (61

1,687

1.071

l.SH

1.010

l.*7»

T*xa*

1.122

1222

S.U4

1 141

1.600

2.*0»

1.840

1 171

2.7H2

lOff

10B7

10H

Utah .

M

40

42

10

52

n

ff

ff

100

U

2*

M

7,174

. • -

1.7»7

Ml

(17

426

411

OH

1.H2

1.001

Vlnrlnta

16H

1704

S,*ll

4,006

t,*n

1,411

a, OH

2,002

a. 0*7

1107

1.12*

1001

•.136

I. MS

t,«07

1.M7

4.116

1,028

1,147

S. MM

a,M2

1.HO

10H

170O

Wnt Vlritala .

2, M»

2,H1«

I OEM

1,120

1.142

2.8*9

2.121

2. MO

Z227

2,274

127ft

1BI

Wlaconatn

I7.au

17.060

14. MO

ft, ftM

4,147

•.MB

2,010

1,071

4. OH

7.UM

11.70*

14.071

Wyoming

141

14ft

1J7

111

Ul

41

46

42

H

H

H

14

64

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS,

TABLE 35.— AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS EMPLOYED DURING EACH MONTH.

1

9
9
t
5
6

7
8

»
in
11

12
It

11
l.'i
It

17
IK
1*

•

g

--•

•

H
•
•

a
H

•

H

•

82

•
H
•
•

H

•
H

•

41

42

•

I!

•

M

JT
4-

•
•
•

8TATES AND TERRITORIES.

IN MILLS.

Men, 16 years and over.

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

September.

October.

Novem-
ber.

December.

United States

237,946

245,963

264,311

292,727

309,393

276,496

253,053

252,447

254,883

•1,688

236,342

212,050

9,323
4
173
15,878
3,395

713
878
332
6,721
11,014

254
3,323
9,904
217
1,366

108
7,061
8,799
4,867
1,706

2,919
17,747
5,186
9,631
5,956

988
42

9,466
31
174
15,555
3,373

741
8. '6
360
6,806
10,960

294
3,303
10,084
219
1,556

108
7,267
9,117
6,494
1,820

3,014
18,896
5,588
9,870
5,941

941
49
3
4,044
739

278
5,983
12,173
16
8,604

64
2,822
11,911
128
5,198

131
11,246
7,970
72
3,692

7,504
10,199
5,483
16,785
126

>,42t

65
184
16,125
3,903

691
906
454
6,944
11,286

378
3,456
10,456
219
1,644

94
8,142
9,461
6,262
2,005

8,211
21,018
6,327
10,048
6,622

1,147
47
3
4,160
741

301
6,778
12,721
15
8,953

60
8,221
14,046
140
5,096

127
11,986
8,207
98
3,986

7,948
11,385
6,042
17,752
180

9,442
91
191
16,573
4,883

700
864
622
6,819
10,957

538
3,778
10,385
190
2,787

104
8,869
9,878
7,775
2,080

3,103
26,639
10,929
10,047
6,534

1,462
45
3

4,367
874

258
8,260
12,438
19
9,567

60
8,781
16,043
168
4,714

168
12,381
8,274
129
4,628

8,124
12,334
6,178
23,665
169

9,168
120
187
16,986
6,224

775
751
509
6,836
10,689

592
3,935
10,269
177
3,380

77
8,820
10,076
9,440
2,165

2,788
30,637
15,498
10,494
6,396

1,466
30
4
3,922
738

265
8,394
12,292
21
9,611

47
4,115
16,078
148
4,478

180
12,215
8,394
151
4,621

8,277
12,967
6,202
27,707
181

7, -.Ml

114
191
14,515
6,308

717
644
461
5,973
8,872

498
3,312
9,149
126
3,557

50
7,274
9,542
8,669
1,74»

2,463
28,791
15,787
9,293
5,283

1,139
21
6
3,589
642

249
7,463
10,347
15
8,586

25
3,998
13,756
137
3,855

166
10, 752
7,286
196
3,743

7,092
11,279
5,069
25,867
110

7,247
108
197
14,321
6,490

650
496
390
5,490
7,559

482
2,922
8,301
133
3,454

29
6,701
8,878
7,474
1,458

2,071
26,234
15,120
8,682
4,964

1,227
11
7
2,570

584

245
6,346
9,679
7
7,492

19
3,676
12,482
108
8,470

137
9,960
7,002
199
3,022

6,893
10,488
4,588
23,484
117

7,366
94
189
14,212
6,540

680
496
356
5,401
7,856

421
2,951
8,321
103
3,412

36
6,561
8,999
7,233
1,446

2,007

25,598
15,267
8,918
5,092

1,235
14
3
2,780

595

231
5,981
9,659
7
7,443

28
3,618
12,471
83
3,886

134
9,880
7,157
207
2,848

6,229
10,858
4,369
28,114
112

7,843
73
192
14,725
6,343

641
612
331
5,764
8,127

362
8,176
8,588
136
3,467

52
6,628
9,001
7,229
1,494

2,255
24,461
15,093
9,150
5,224

1,180
16
4
3,118
656

217
5,987
10,257
7
7,683

36
3,593
12,270
87
4,036

152
9,918
7,168
185
8,023

6,579
10,861
4,401
22,388
95

8,222
71
187
15,022
5,937

661
665
366
5,941
8,582

853
3,541

8,746
164
3,687

67
6,622
9,154
7,182
1,580

2,399
22,976
14,536
9,022
5,484

1,181
19
5
3,235
631

193
5,797
10,516
10
7,803

35
3,324
11,895
79
4,288

151
9,790
7,026
129
3,038

6,666
10,707
4,631
20,591
82

8,558
62
180
15,357
4,924

660

744
372
5,953
8,967

326
2,753
8,726
169
2,648

86
6,454
8,900
5,683
1,642

2,532
20,894
9,415
8,646
5,502

1,082
25
3
8,288
609

190
6,710
10,654
6
7,440

40
2,883
11,988
94
4,411

176
9,510
6,890
M
3,006

6,648
10, 186
4,476
16,836
69

8,211
4
176
14,311
3,592

643
740
329
5,988
9,046

246
2,574
8,407
162
1,320

87
5,984
9,138
3,902
1,523

2,659
15,465
4,924
8,671
5,097

998
22
3
3,372
607

178
5,123
10,603
6
7,246

37
2,720
11,263
88
4,548

163
9,529
6,793
58
2,979

6,298
9,390
4,401
12,366
66

California

Colorado

Florida . .. .

Idaho

Illinois.

Indian Territory

Maine

Maryland

Mississippi

Missouri

Nevada

3,924
730

271
5,699
12,046
14
8,323

59
2,807
11,804
119
5,019

130
10,771
7,826
74
3,350

7,857
9,474
6,209
14.306
129

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota . .

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

\NI- TKKlUT<>KIKS,1900-Continoed.

T..I « M.-AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAOE-EAIUfKM EMPLOYED DCBIXO EACH MOXTM.

III

• IU>-

•04.

«

l.»jr«

••

-

•

..

J...

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Apr.

M..

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Apr.

M.y

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f

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a=m^

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11

U

U

11

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u

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1

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01

su

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m

m

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10

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11

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(

•

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7

47
II

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14

•

u

•

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14

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14

4

s

u

t

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14

a

14

41
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n
11

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in

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117

114

1X1

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117

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m

no
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101

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17

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17

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70

m

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10

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70

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71

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71

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71

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70

•

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UO

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4*

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i

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

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1

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M

140

m

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175

141

Ul

UO

147

141

If

.-

I

1

i

1

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m

106

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110

100

m

1*7

117

114

lof

101

V

240

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aw

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114

3tt

174

Bl

; XU

30*

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171

m

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1

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u

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10

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j

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f]

15

U

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t

2

2

2

,

1

1

1

•

1

1

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11

11

11

M

KM

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m

1«

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11»

at

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277

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140

22»

204

20*

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244

j

9

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f

10

10

t

4

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7

7

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12

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1

1

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1.17

in

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110

141

Ul

1M

110

m

..

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29

«»

-

IN

\r.

UO

an

.-

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41

M

•

77

107

U4

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10

101

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77

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a

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441

100

4M

401

477

401

4*1

4M

4U

«

1

-. .

66

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, 1900— Continued.

TABLE 36.-AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS EMPLOYED DURING EACH MONTH.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

IN TIMBER CAMPS.

Men. 16 years and over.

January.

February.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

September.

October.

November.

December.

United States

27.244

27,148

25,957

21,278

19,018

16,563

14,829

14,987

16,079

18,905

21,376

23,123

349

347

343
3

339

17

310

27

415
22

305

29

319
24

369

14

349

290

315

1

Alaska

537
445

39
91

529
490

44
91

489
509

38
79

469

487

35
72

462
557

29
63

308
618

29
51

211

641

29
43

223

622

30
43

248

596

31
46

284
584

31
54

366
571

34

71

332
439

6

79

California

Florida

917
716

3
114

98
3

878
756

3
116
104
2

831
730

8
116
116
3

792
717

5
118
157
2

709
710

21

118
151
3

579

447

569
375

512
413

584
599

670
612

781
640

775
602

Idaho

Illinois

115
133
3

109
132
3

112
133
2

112
140
3

112
157
3

107
92
3

109
93
3

178
801
29
5

138
3,951
7,713
312
156

25

172
805
29
5

132
3,791
7,557
279
162

25

223

817
25
5

123
3,307
6,750
272
185

25

238

805
5
6

86
2,360
3,572
219
249

25

210
805
6

139

871
10

140
808
8

158
842
10
5

43
1,246
. 1,344
242
211

12

157
841
15
5

63
1,427
1,626
177
225

15

204
834
15
5

95
1,968
3,020
178
252

17

220
765
28
5

102
2,904
4,367
176
234

16

214

809
28
5

141
3,517
5,658
259
248

• 20

Maine

89
1,616
2,288
221
302

32

64
1,521
2,032

196
207

20

54
1,259
1,544
157
206

14

Michigan

Mi"i — i|'|'i

Missouri

Nebraska

978
26

100
419
444

985
33

100
429

441

946
33

100
380
423

395

37

100
316

414

188
33

100
199
396

188
27

100
207
394

184
18

100
169
394

337
17

100
143
408

442
17

100
148
413

649
20

100
342
415

809
16

100
366
412

850
24

100
374
•112

New Mexico

New York

Nortli Carolina .

Ohio

195

196

180

178

169

149

143

149

166

154

182

214

433
370
16
150

30
183
350

448

367
16
164

30
186
364

598
356
15
140

30
200
862

790
364
14
107

30
191
620

857
415

842

365

641
269

664
293

629

284

684
300
3
124

30
159

377

478
331
11

128

30

146
489

377
329
10
150

30
130
446

105

30
191
628

97

30

178
266

127

.30
166
292

139

30
166
294

121

30
159
805

South Dakota

Utah

10

190
4,374
198
1,615
643

10

222
4,681
226
1,461
483

10

206
5,201
220
1,132
430

10

190
5,636
192
669

376

10

180
6,812
210
606
361

10

139
4,825
143
402
421

12

111
4,570
143
399
426

10

122
4,621
153
379
426

10

142
4,648
174
667
431

3

135
4,564
186
870
456

3

140
4,268
207
1,007
481

3

144
8,917
193
1,221
486

Virginia

West Virginia

l.l-MHKK VXD TIMBIR FBODOOn DKTAILED RATOnOB, BT 8TAT I - v\l> TKRKITOR1K8,

.17. >\ M.V.I si MUft AJCD OMT OF KKET OF ANIMAL*

•TAT* AKD TMKITOWM.

,

N

• > •

1* LOMIM rOB MWMIU*.

Total.

Uoma.

kMM

i .

.

. .

tate

OoMofkM*.

OoMofkw*.

••-ab.

aoMofkOTp.

fnlMlMata..

'

• •

419. JM>

-

v - ,,

n.ou

M.W.49I

•

ll.Ma.MT

Alaaka

' "
•

Ul

».»»

1.784

m

MT
M
S.M

».«W

!.«•
S.tB

•
»7

«
4.4M
5.0W
MSI
M6

1.213
8.440

7,«n

8,771

1.418
•
1*
S.2I&
162

344

•-.
-
M

• -

M

1.648

90

a,«n

to
4.430

6.430
317

2,430

••
4. MO

1.WI

. ..

•as

14,440

•

n«,Mt

•

64. MR
10. fM
I7«.ff»

a?, ta

«,«6&

• ..
• - -
•-
a.7»

1.U4

..

KS.N2

M7, KB
«0.7»6

101. MO

-.

4W.au

214.071

143. «M
...
«M
-•••••
*l.«66

.-
••
4Z1.1M6
1.175

• •

••»
11U.J46
711.112

197, «W
21. M*

M.M7
«.M»

•

161. HO

44i.cn

77S.QM
31,416

•

•

.

. ...

...

111
- .,-
S.4U

Ml
614
KB

MB
MM

47S
1.477

MM

M
•

•

MM

. -

1, 177

•

1.1W
7,4«
4.HS

-
•

1.170

•

n

2.7W

•

204
-
6.140
M
4.170

14
1.2*7
7,129

n

X804

.-

MM
MM

IP
a. 411

4.941

2.641
».»

• i
MO

14, Ott

.

6S.161

•
10. «M

L ••

A14.76T

U.490
W.MM •

-. ..

».*«

a,i»

2,464
.
265.196
217,660
60.206

9^295
741,704
S78.1I4

. - •
210, 5M

140. H46
I.M4
618

;•!-. «l»

It74»
2K1.&M
40N.WU
1,175
2A4R1

.
-- '
- •
- •
. ...

16.949

-. -
K0,«99
8.909
141.10

MB. MO

• •'
-
.- -

Ul
1.991

MM

60S
4*2

•
196
416

•
l.ltt
t. Ml
00
Ml

M

1,*6
. -
MM
412

1.106
7,M

4.576
Ml

1.307

1.K9
28
15
2.591

m

106
S.679
I..XB
•JO

»,6St

11

-•

74
296

M
1.119
106
2M

.

1.789

MM

1.970
7.M1
219

14,660
1*4.640
•JDS. 610

. -

47, «a

1,401
19. M7
11.08 '

29,100
.-
21. <M

-

18. 4M

- --
- •

V1.614
730,610

mt.tcn

-

W.479

..
1.244
178
•JU». M4
24.798

- .
.T4.007
11S.49A
1.100
Jtf.. 4iS

416

027. «17
7.281

-•

14.174
09. 8W
71. «1
8.0M
1».«69

IH.OM

217, tW
M9.604

677.175
11.385

MM

MO
129

216.110
*7.9H

12. M

1,747
7M

14
61

20
l.MO
•.»

M
80
M
•
4

18*. OM
47,171

97*

1.469

T2.746
161.490

MO
1, 087
I.M9
171

90

California ..........

CMUMCtfctlt

114

1.4*6

M
2M
179

to

11

t
1.171

74

at

6

17
1.SK4
1,431

a

7.091
151. IM
411. MO

1,000
14.404
II.4UO
6*2

SM

47.4*1

••
4.7W
916
116,011

• ..

Florida.. , ,, ,

Oxjigl*

Idaho

llttnafa

Indian*

Indian Territory

low*

Kaiwu

Kentucky •

1.2M
1,1179

1J>

ni

6*
IM

m

417
1.

4MUR
1W. 100

6.M7
9.471

1,181
6,101
10.127

Ma. a*»

1.780

Maine

Maryland ,..,,,.

MimirlilMtta

Mtrhtno

MhiManta

,

MkMoarl

Nrbratka

Srvmda

4
181

9

76
101

.-

MO

. .,
Ml

4.0W4

..,
. ..,

New (Umpihlrr .......

•

47

24
•
1.142
4
2U

7

M
Ml

9M
4.896

-•-
1.910
2Z7.M1
76
14,789

1.960

48, Ml

Xew Jefwy

Sew Mexico

New York*

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

M4

4

n

M
•

404

•
1.044
1.M4
1
904

911

Ml
418

4M
1

11, 347

60
14.676
4.014

20. OB

1,600
41.075
191.338
•
16,349

<7.4H
22.346

n.4M
Km
•to

Oklahoma

Urrcuo

Rhode Uland

South Carolina.

1.994

1
2.126
1.412
10
M

2,241
106
M7
2U

SI

146,108

74
U6.842
M.6H

•
l.«70

179,741
8, 0*0
61.9*1
11.719
1.600

Booth Dakota

Tua*

1'lah

Vermont

\ intlnia

Wot Virginia

Wrntulnc ..

68

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, 1900— Continued.

TABLE 38.— ANIMALS USED: TRANSPORTATION OF LOGS TO MILL.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

AVERAGE Nl-MKKB AND COST OF KEEP OF ANIMALS USED.

TRANSPORTATION OF LOOS
TO MILL.

IN TIMBER CAMPS.

Total.

Horses.

Mules.

Cattle.

Average
number
of wage-
earners
employed
during
the year.

Amount paid
in wages.

Number.

Cost of keep.

Number.

Cost of keep.

Number.

Cost of keep.

Number.

Cost of keep.

United States

11,435

$965,486

8,276

$769,913

1,240

$106,200

1,919

m,*n

45,975

$10, sat) get

245
8

11, OSS

1,725

17
8

1,131
1,725

38

4,388

190

8,569

•>. .v>s

475,088

Alaska

26
3,146

1,401

175
198
72
843
3,430

164
277
• 766
34
226

14

850
1,349

847
386

318
3,130
1,324
1,931

810

516
11
8
1,817
120

61
1,77«
2,628
14
1,144

12
514
2,992
45

787

61
1,897
1,005

87
814

1,532
707
758
3,318
82

12,620
724,393
640,485

50,081
51,186
9,964
253,513
657,338

36,015
46,482
205,466
4,068
46,602

1,395
144,082
362,847
110,050
68,690

78,864
899,903
353,097
435, 030
176, 561

182, 315
2,850
700
819,054
24,332

14,066
326,218
398,893
1,920
241,060

575
183, 417
1,031,023
8,480
103,625

17,075
245,091
322,629
12, 174
147, IBS

284,411
289.225
178,061
841,486
17,867

182
371

21
53

7,075
34,525

1,870
3,765

37
294

8

47

1,399

28,700

690
3,665

93

77

13

4,426
6,825

1,180

52

1,260

California

Colorado

6

100

Delaware

361
283

15
8
7
2

36,678
23,174

465
350
650
66

25
23

15
8
7

2,112
1,765

465
350
550

300
181

33,866
17,344

36
79

700
4,065

Georgia

Idaho

Illinois

(

i

2

65

Iowa

Kansas

125
223
6
9

63
974
2,71«
136
225

48

6,406
8,747
264
560

6,066
103, 517
255,638
6,700
13,515

1,850

32
11
6
8

59
963
2,700
9
83

48

1,826
820
264
300

6,020
103,247
255,054
595
7,400

1,850

60

8

2,900
300

33

204

1,680
7,627

Maine

Maryland

6

4
11
16
106
117

250

45
270
584
4,605
4,200

Michigan

Mississippi

21
25

1,500
1,915

Missouri

Nebraska

423
13

40
176
141

31,250
1,130

3,500
16,851
12, 675

410
12

40
176
18

30,004
1,065

3,500
16,851
1,655

2
1

175
66

11

. 1,071

New Mexico

New York

101

9,900

22

1,120

North Dakota

Ohio

117

9,340

111

9,176

2

60

4

105

431
386
10
27

60
180
534

27,580
30,932
• 1,241
1,720

6,000
9,057
26,868

117
867
10
1

60
39
253

10,295
28,567
1,241
50

6,000
2,511
6,456

3

27

100
2,340

311

1

17,185
25

Rhode Island

26

1,670

71
67

5,026
6,281

20
214

1,520
14, 181

Utah

Vermont

7

65
1,807
266
588
184

624

3,620
172,816
16, 311
47,749
18,640

3

37
1,400
112
638
184

312

2,320
153,469
10,325
47,549
18,640

4

312

Virginia

28
68
26

1,300
4,390
1,184

Washington .

839
128
5

14,957
4,802
200

West Virginia

fi9

U'.MHKK AM- IIMIil K I'KolX ( I- hi I \l\ \ \> -I \ I I-TKX HI -| \ | | > AXI» THtlUT< HUES, 1

•••— MATDUAI4 GSJJtD

rot

1 UMttlM rtavn

oo*n»ocrw> BY HIL

,.,. ...

•X

rtnt* ADD TUalTOUB.

\«»HjiH tat

^ 1

I

ToMl.

•flSTA.

-

0M Mi. Ml

|M. M6.4W

tf AM t»

. .

H,S49«9S1

i ... • .-

.

Aluk.

M.1M

S.IW

-.

IM.OK

».0»

HiVTA

57 IV

ArkaMM, , .<

(, «M.M7

1.M.CM

i ittiHi

California...

4.MJ.KJ

1 2M.TW

Kll 9M

Or+ptff"

-.

• i

CODMCtlcat i, ,,i

..

Mt,HK

,

ftelawair

lW,«ft

4*,277

u/jao

4ft. 77ft

.

firth .

4.IM.T7I

MS, MA

Otortte

4,M».U6

1 2M.11&

W8.SU

i on ••

Idaho

- .

102, (77

M,flt

B9 196

llUnok..... , ,

4, 1M.U14

421 OUB

•61. 4M

In.1Uti» ..

S.K21.1U4

2,410 441

40ft I7R

7 222, Ott

•t,Tn

&.M7

4,317

low*

a, MS, a*

&72.0M

107.716

19 ITS

10

,

-.

4 71O

Ktntu. i-

«.»1.«1

1 OU,*B*

.

. • ;

Loobtana

7 M.C74

1 Ht •§

- , -.

i mi ••

Main*

•.MO, KIT

1 U4 075

170. «K7

.

.

-

Maryland

i m.flt

-. ,

117 774

MMMrhwrtto. ...... ,,.,,,

1 (•*,«••

491 M€

401. BO

.

- .

Mlehlfaa

22.lt7.lU

7 MO «0>

7 044 ggf

4,tt8,«7*

,

SS4 M2

Mlnnonta

21 M&.M1

4 Ha,MB

] S34 41S

4 Ml 91N

. ,

UMadppI

t 077 ***

i tn ••

it

MtMourl...

S,4M.42>

.

41&.BA2

117 09B

.

Munlana

4,«O,«M

•:

. '_••

-

.

-

Ttll<«i>a

,-

ft 774

1 866

4 280

1 834

Nrraria

x m

MO

725

755

•

^

1 OW

1 S12.94&

1 212,341

. .

X*wJ«M7

- ...

]IQ,419

.
-

149 772

10 M7

-..

Nrw Mexico

in TM

SI 874

,.

24 617

.

KewYork

7 U(,W2

.

1. MA, 604

-

. .

N»rth Carolina

ik m «6

l.JBft, 377

-

1 127 1"!

.

.

Korth Dakota

7 OB

S.UO

1 700

1 TOO

1 4fiO

Ohio

. -

77 1«A

CkUhnm.

JS.111

2,410

Htt

2.04ft

ORfoa

4.814. 1M

•

.

Pcnn*ylTania

14. 40*, ON

5. Ml OHO

1 707 774

,
\OH 4V

,

.
•.

Khodc IilaiHt

-,

.-

.

99

South Carolina ,,..,,, ......

--. ,

,-.

.

.

Ml. IIS

<,m

fT"*1" Dakota

47 717

.

.

.

•.M(.7U

.

,

-, --

-

TMM

7 MB.MO

, - .

. , -

Ml 777

,

7 fTl

ftah

47 M7

21 M4

12.078

I.YNW

Vermont

S,tH,OH

. • •:•

--

441 4C1

AO «W

7 1(7

Vlrclnla .-.

4,m 077

1 MS.J67

1 0*2, V21

^7 114

Wa^ilnctoo

U.04S.5U

1 If* MJ

1 fflM.ltft

797 014

•21 1&4

14, IN

Wrrt Vlntlnl.

S,M,fW

1,2*7 SM

477 709

1 124,499

,

7 M

Wtoroorfn

>. 124,01ft

•,074,761

t, 94,110

A, lift. OB

-

' n.

Wrixnlnc

Z1S.M7

n 47*

0.M7

».7S9

IM

70

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, 1900— Continued.

TABLE 4O.— MATERIALS USED.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

FOR SAWMILLS.

Total.

Logs, and bolta purchased.

Supplies.

Power and
heat.

All other
materials.

Freight.

Quantity.

Cost.

M feet, B. M.

Cords.

United States

$97,003,922

11,568,503

2,118,208

$84, 724, 380

87. 268, 061

$81,398

$2,767,831

82,162,252

1,736.336
28.530
43,610
2,837,871
647,812

240. 480
209,405
109,014
1,915,983
1,622,218

99,200
2,485,757
6.284,856
57, 679
2,384,488

28,182
3,849,808
2,193,190
4,249,975
415,892

1,835,118
9,339,534
4,706,351
1,966,610
2,377,301

230,574
14,565
106
1,019,859
338,510

72,284
2,774,848
2.358,553
1,862
5,226,840

22,701
2,461,692
5.283.578
17,491
753,824

16,046
5,738,058
2.108,218
26,169
864,892

1,906,098
6,473,015
1,891,994
5, 716, 483
20,462

287,747
4,285
1,272
328,321
44,532

45,478
23,020
17,449
304,726
323,538

22,057
232, 975
641,275
10,641
186,078

4,283
414, 184
316,835
455,610
64,828

149,608
1,066,413
490, 573
334,751
257,738

46,171
2,299

36,323

- 1,480,730
26,000
9,510
2,333,550
314,645

209,427
192,771
98,954
1, 652, 368
1,398,425

86,698
2,354,475
5,676,119
61,613
2,274,415

24,337
3,540,816
1,810,134
3, 985,786
345, 187

1,670,196
8,200,373
3, 886, 787
1,620,720
2,084,812

178, 114
13,055

193, 313
1,130
4,063
347,807
218, 274

22,553
14,083
5,118
182,441
175,853

11,279
86,276
266,723
3,463
68,727

3,305
192,610
283,338
194, 118
44,685

83,403
684,864
342,809
268,846
173, 615

41,200
1,180
31
74,862
18,467

5,725
182,468
237,258
352
259,376

1,851
157,555
463.583
4,811
86,152

4,645
246,684
236,972
3,468
78, 811

169,223
493.884
159,871
569,504
4. 142

J.217

111, INT

1,400
47
83,514
60,027

6,805
2,531
3,790
40,971
18,561

1,223
27,580
181,261
1,791
12,921

465
81,000
73,038
62,680
21,054

70,868
245, 579
102, 221
41, 244
89,955

11,260
50
75
33,292
5,982

800
. 76, 667
123, 639
10
416, 387

70
60,830
124, 979
700
12,702

800
106,030
42,384
880
81,844

71,845
163,596
20,417
195,809
215

14. .WJ

Alaska

30,000
72, 701
53,327

1,695
20
507
39,153
28,919

109,555
25,888

299
1,539

California

318
3,010
4,275
1,420

100
18,946
173,243
400
2,220

645
1,050

460

Idaho

Illinois

2,307
7,788

15, 119

153,965
812
28, 375

50

75
882
75
3,666
200

4,376
8,342
6,592
50
3,498

93,487
7,249
66,105
7,476

14,030
360,219
10,884
15,363
54,581

305

34,600
26,610
3,826

4.766

6,276
300,376
367,942
36,750
25,421

Maine

Michigan

Mississippi

Missouri

Nebraska

280

137,660
29,335

13,423
265,176
399.856
300
478,040

3,778
445,595
586,012
1.508
156,858

1,946
540, 647
392,278
4,030
113,842

278,339
916,292
249,563
575, 617
2,827

7,859
6,260

884,698
312, 768

65,699
2,487,775
1,945,031
1,500
4, 475, 324

21,250
2,251,068
4,611,858
11,800
654.593

10, 701
5, 369, 595
1,769,173
22,321
756,291

1,592,242
5,727,642
1.704,999
4,522,930
16,105

906

895

26, 102
398

New York

67,879
27,130

7,771
857

20,167
61,768

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

92,762

9,162

30
1,595
7,023
180
1,280

66.591

1,612
107,618
230
2,906

644
76,135

Rhode Island

97

South Dakota . .

Tennessee

227,265
5,409

2,699
1,480

23,250
58,209

Utah

Vermont

4,787

39,276
255,125
21,930
245,776

596

337
1,8%
897
1,386

2,851

72, 451
85,997

6, Itll'l
426,855

Virginia

West VlrglnU

Wisconsin

71

iiMiiiu \M> IIMIU i: PKopfiTs PKTA 1 1 I I • - 1 \ i l.sTICB BY 8TATI > \NI> n Kicn.'lURS. IBOO-Ooetiwod.

TABU II -MATKKULM

pwrtAjtiM •

iui 4KB aauire

fAOtvmo.

tTAT9 AM- TKMBJTuBim

•

foa«h).

Tottl.

1 • ,: vv ••'

• •'

'

•

tottata.

rM«*4.

I'nlird Ptalt* ...,,,,-•

OO.OM.06

T,6U,Mt

f7V.4H.Oft

I1.X44.M1 .

. ..

..

IIHUH

l,«ll.Ol

-

. .. .1

O.247

11. O*

: ,.

40,00

S.1KI

H.OO

79ft

•76

71, O*

T.HI

: •

2.910

4.O4.6M

i . . •

4.61A.6M

76,277

•

S6.O6

California .

1,08.27*

m.M7

2,4A7.ul»

M.7M

75.11"

4*,IO

Colorado , ,,-,

215,112

1».1»7

1M.MO

no*

Connecticut

O.OO

7.146

V7.U6

•

O*

0*lawar*

H. 074

S.M1

Si. 4*7

427

1.69B

0*

1.04.976

10. 1U

1.2W.711

O.U4

•

10,971

10

1.O4.K1

1M.M&

1.S10.C71

21, OU

11*6

104

116.06

ll.M*

110.0*

1.171

60

1.1*6

•

!,*•,«•

M.V7

i.sor.oa

17,4*7

•

14. 70

10

1.078.1*1

fT.OM

1.0M.<7>

-

a .

17.06

1.100

300

..

100

1,01.0*

1W.U7

2.0.V71

24, «N

7. 1*4

O.O*

l.tAXH

71, M4

1. 19B.JK7

10,171

9.06

14.0*

S.M.U7

M0.7U

».43«.47S

111.20

4*7

17.412

, .-.

1.M.MI

1'V ir

1,242.701

a,*>7

2,70*

60

Maryland

M '• '•

:- ..

1*4.730

6,751

4.06

•

MOJMI- bluetts

• ;- '.

. ••

6S7.O6

11.197

M.041

1.0*

Mich Inn

4.4H.9M

HA.n6

4.107.O7

74. 4»

•

1*7, 07

11.01

»,W7.«J

*.OJ8. 2*0

70. 6M

107. 4M

. •-

2,441 Ml

V7. 174

2,ao,»t

4a.m

H.O4

\< .

1.MI.V11

116, M&

1.6W.460

16,58*

. ••

7.07

• i .

- .-

. | Ml

6,161

2, MO

«M,»U

-i .

900,011

11.671

M

0,07

10.146

••. • .

1" l.V

290.495

2. MM

240

600

-.,

1 H5

12.100

466

aoo

New York

Z 447,771

170.9*2

2,«70.4«7

16.06

•

16,0*4

0,10

1 817 125

202, aM

1.7*1.071

- !-•

,, .i

• .

,,

»

Ohio

2,072,011

110. »I4

1.9K2.&77

11.676

(0

M.4JO

a »»

Onynn

1,10ft. 716

.: ..

1.871.174

M.OM

W.2S*

so

2.I74.SM

.; -•:

2.0M.909

46. UO

10

H -..

6.01

i xn

1 290

101

- . -

.

611. .'16

14.420

1.000

1.0*

Sooth Da kola

•

8, MO

92.614

1. 120

-

Tll'.ILIIJI 1

1 M5 971

1M flu

l.««.7»4

50.411

14.11*

7.70

TCXJU

4.QM 790

JO1.M5

S.m.146

96,440

10.146

1.000

I'tAh

10 174

716

9 *n

1O

1,171 210

115. M.H

1,214. MB

.

IS. 07

11.270

Ylnrlola

i 904 fig?

121 «T*

L 491, OM

U.O*

10.2*4

12,400

\YnBhtnytoti

4*4 •!•

S.W2.IUC

112.1*4

-.

1.4X4

•.'. •• \ • •

. - .-,

67 497

CM. 074

12, 60S

1.114

OP

Wbroorin

i* MB *U

• •

12. 50,9X2

101. 7M

67.70

•

Wrntnlnc

- ..

z.a»

S7.M4

90*

76

72

I.fMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, 1900— Continued.

TABLE 48.— MATERIALS USED.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

FOR TIMBER CAMPS.

Total.

Stumpage.

Supplies.

All other
materials.

Quantity, M feet,
B. M

Cost.

United States

17,681,084

3,244,317

$6,044,074

$1, 248, 673

•*".•>:

51,662
7,775

31, Ml

ll.iili;

9,935
2,550

711
5,225

Alaska

Arizona

69, 397
100,148

4,220
22,037

46,402
'90,880

3,690
6,751

60,303
80,233

3,630
19,877

7,479
15,915

590
. 1,060

1,615
4,000

California

1,100

Delaware

Florida

132,207
57,191

827
37,595
48,536
45

87,767
47,970

712
12,180
13,650
30

98,988
60,898

802
20,780
44,954
45

81,735
5,621

25
16,815
2,542

1,484

672

Idaho

Illinois .

1,040

Kansas

46,211
130,704
6,825
840

59,969
975, 193
2,507,459
40,678
63,987

4,992

17,975
74,764
1,520
320

10,630
262,890
609,744
36,903
24,676

4,427

39,273
105, 247
5,490
640

31,870
739, 117
2,223,386
32,663
48,521

4,627

4,166
25,070
285

200

7,291
111,056
269,043
4,065
10,011

816

2,778

887
1,100

Maine

20,808
125,020
15,030
3,950
5,465

60

Michigan

Mississippi .

Missouri

213,089
15,665

5,000
95,662
64,550

65,398
1,205

4,000
14,111
60,046

182,643
4,460

4,000
37,411
63,765

28,266
660

1,000
10,581
10,400

2,180
10,565

New York

47,670
386

North Carolina

North Dakota ... ... .

Ohio

89,059

19,929

78,166

6,306

4,688

153,095
169, 114
3,780
8,902

7,820
79,558
108,937

172,518
51,738
1,562
7,562

3,860
24,710

77,488

104,734
129,006
8,780
7,042

6,320
59,868
88,009

43,724
23,768

4,687
16,340

South Carolina. .

1,780

1,000
4,356
18,806

80

South Dakota

15,846
2,123

Texas

Utah

2,600

95,036
1,416,397
87,743
M,HO

183, 675

800

21,377
1,067,043
31,308
168,391
72,865

2,500

75,024
919,026
77,732
468,549
89,700

Virginia

6,726
444,617
10,011
83,091
28,875

14,286
52,754

West Virginia

Wisconsin

11,915
15,000

i.i-Miui: \N!> ilMr.n: l-Kiil»rrr- DETAILK I > STATISTICS

T»»i « 48 — MUCCLLANKOia

-IM>- ------ ....... - rim .

•

E«BI of work*

TlUd, DM In

tafv(.liiMirmnrv.
lal«rn«l-r«T»-'

Illlr t«» mill

•tamra. unlliumr
rri«lr» of IHIIM

• .

« liiiiwry. advvf-
IMnc, mnl >M
olhrr -ii-
mn reported uo
.1. r thr (K«d ..1

UotaC

itawta«.

I'riltol OUMi.

m,M*. <••

I7M.7M

n.«a,W4

H2,tl4.t74

112. MR, 11 7

ll» MB

i :

.1

1M.MI7

. .

AiMka

.. -

U.M

i-

5,itt

7.464

&.MO

ArkaiMM .

1.1W.096

12,401

- -

M»,2U

10.172

OUIlornla

771. m

12, M*

16X.644

m.TM

- •

Culondo ,

-. .

t,Nl

- .

11, *M

U.Hk

n.««..M«m .' IT1

1««,771

2.M4

5.M*

24, 142

KM. IB

. •

l*-l*warr

«.I1&

7M

1.442

>,«•

12*

Florida

-i- i .-

I, "08

7«.M

401, no

m.7«

•1.104

1&.47*

U.M2

170, IK

«.«•§

•,«to

MA* , , i ,

• -

l.MO

«.«U»

»,ra

11. Ml

llUnot*

n.*M

17,101

W.4M

212. loa

61, M

•01 K3

Ii.106

(S.444

M0.7M

1*2,117

M

-

75

Wt

1 Wt

M

,

OM.Xtt

7,102

, .;.

29,711

H1.IM

S.8Z7

1.614

1.114

Kentucky

•44 Z7&

- -

. .

SW.74R

241,201

UMlWUM

1,000,7«2

IS,(>7<

«,!»»

...- •

4*1.717

V.lnr

7».4U

44. WO

«B,2i7

M4.776

224. *•>

24. «•

V.rrUnd

1WJTM

1,471

.. .-

47.14S

100.174

. -

18,02*

«S,M>

-•-- ••

74. OW

Mlchlcmn

s,-jM,zn

41,114

•4S.OM

I.IB.UB

M7.2W

11. «0

1.1IB.M

4&.6M

saw 44*

1.W7.SC

1.S20.900

•

. y

7 042

R2, on

*M,«Oft

1«7,*48

MlMDuri

.

15,470

. .

.

.

MQBtUtt

. , . .-

1 214

1»,M»

17, 114

. .

•

mo

1*

as

|

«

1(0

7»

n

Nr w Rampthlrr

•

10. 410

17.111

1>.W1

11*. 171

New Jrnry

- •

7 418

10 MO

n.40»

•,471

New Itrxico

. ..

740

4.41*

••

New York .

(•.on

•0,141

»4,2M

W7.402

!.«•

Xortb Carolina

,

W 329

M.IM

2H.M3

112.101

North It* k"<a

1

u

to

Ohio

-

17.272

81,098

170. 3»

4*0.148

ttS

-

HI

. ;

101 X71

,

117.M1

114.721

rmvrlranta

2. 74*, Ml

44,7X1

297.0M

•06. SM

1.812, «M

12.114

Rhode UUnd.

JO.W1

114

8(0

MM

14,0*8

1.WO

Sooth Carotin*

121, *W

&.7B

22.154

7».»

•

-• • •• . •

-

.

4.S6&

Ml

17»

719,179

»,&»

18, 417

«».;««

*2»,770

7»

. ,

,

4 114

70, 1C*

2M.1U

244. MI

DHk

44

l.OM

1.100

40,001

124,181

- . .

Vtrxinta

M&.OM

• .-.-.

42,7*4

244.7*7

^17.441

*.««

Washington

1.421.300

2&.M2

144, 74(1

•72.S74

W«« Vlrfinl*.

, •.

(,44s

U.U6

24f.*28

116.015

290

Wtecuraln , , ,

4,2n.«6

26,724

770, OM

1.H7.0H

l.*t*.M4

27,200

Wiv^tn*

1

4,7t7

1.406

W

74

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS- DETAILED STATISTICS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, 1900— Continued.

TABLE 44.— PRODUCTS.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

Total.

SawmilU

Planingmill.

Timber
camp.

SAWED LUMBER (INCLUDES ALL PRODUCTS GIVEN IN M FEET, B. M.).

Total.

Merchant.'

Custom.

Quantity,
Mfeet,B.M.

Value.

Quantity,
Mfeet.B.M.

Value.

Quantity
(estima-
ted),!!! feet,
B.M.

Value (es-
timnU'di.

United States

$566,832,948

$422,812.061

8107,622,519

$36,398,404

35,084,166

8390,489,873

31,508,214

8347,402,903

3,575,952

843,086,970

12,867,551
211,229
547,790
23,959,983
13,764,647

1,627,605
1,818,643
471,482
10,848,403
13,704,923

937,665
7,652,118
20,613,724
199,879
8,677,058

104,182
13,774,911
17,408,513
13,489,401
2,650,082

6,526,230
54,290,520
43,585,161
15,656,110
11,177,529

2, 949, 992
51,773
7,060
9,218,310
1,859,014

411,627
15,766,977
14,862,593
24,200
20,790,854

63,569
10,352,167
85,749,965
233,579
5,207,184

445,861
18,127,784
16,296,473
214, 187
6,181,808

12, 137, 177
30,286,280
10,612,837
57,634,816
881,558

10,514,349
95,449
411,833
17,306,562
8,729,654

1,290,000
1,304,304
401,042
8,493,424
11,601,361

641,868
5,624,331
18,745,545
194,504
5, 264, 931

101,264
11,846,565
12,074,055
11,476,563
2,286,248

5,057,483
42,517,495
25,891,210
12, 136, 488
8,882,000

2,291,289
51,373
7,060
6,726,754
1,276,014

290,527
11,676,620
11,782,101
21,800
17,306,294

63,569
6,883,234
28,516,776
185,313
4,253,670

•R '.<:•*
15,229,933
10,533,438
189,562
4,206,936

9,900,067
18,617,179
9,390,818
39,944,711

285,567

2,080,427
69,462
105,557
6,205,410
3,916,512

289,521
152,997
56,700
1,758,738
1,650,062

172,257
1,774,9*3
1,556,243
4,375
3,389,020

272,775
46,318
30,400
448,011
1,118,481

48,084.
361,342
13,740
596,241
453,500

123,540
252,804
311,936
1,000
23,107

2,918
350, 710
669,626
308,136
79,381

225,339
5,950,544
5,623,958
214,257
318,281

207,975
400

1,101,386
6,571
36,182
1,623,987
737,035

133,746
108,093
35,955
790,373
1,311,917

65,363
388,469
1,036,999
15,985
352, 411

10,665
774,651
1,115,366
784, 647
183,711

344,190
3, 018, 338
2,342,338
1,206,265
723,764

255,685
4,655
725
572, 447
74,118

30,880
878, 448
1,286,638
2,030

990,497

6,119

734,538
2,333,278
18,528
466,429

31,704
950,958
1,232,404
17,548
375,809

959,119
1,429,032
778,051
3,389 166
16,963

9,833,239

89, 249
407,308
14, 160, 571
7,823,897

1,269,306
1,614,701
395,828
7,853,462
11,355,532

614, 188
5,049,663
16,818,041
167,480
5, 146, 785

146,180
10, 045, 547
10,916,954
9, 256, 158
2,036,716

4,005,845
85,865,616
28,637,800
11,665,152
8,011,022

2, 297, 860
54,831
7,060
6, 544, 136
1,233,323

289,401
12,364,362
11,067,909
22,060
15,820,939

69,374
6,691,214
27,476,411
226,919
8,933,009

299,188
11,832,596
10,197,575
209,308
4,294,276

9,379,689
12,291,046
9,185,416
41,802,531
213,200

1,036,841
6,571
36,122
1,601,510
729,850

132,746
78,983
27,556
782, 677
1,257,468

62,238
336,891
853,479
14,559
328,168

5,826
682,691
1,107,876
701,787
159,523

273,858
2,648,247
1, 858, 612
1, 173, 109
643,187

247,666
4,220
725
495,768
57,549

27,802
685,373
1,195,028
2,000
768,903

4,626

732,906
2, 126, 518
18,737
446,416

29,183
825,196
1,214,013
14,183
307,370

883,571
1,411, OHO
682,921
2, 776, 662
15,483

9,262,377
89, 249
406,588
13,951,546
7, 754, 872

1,258,522
1,152,140
316, 707
7,786,452
10,932,272

581,934
4, 434, 282
14, 154, 157
149,328
4,789,059

74,540
8,994,720
10,859,901
8,347,909
1,774,001

3, 180, 402
31,612,301
22,731,828
11, 852, 144
7,118,586

2, 221, 4%
49, 511
7,060
5, 730, 163
945,533

260,915
8, 907, 359
10,371,778
21,700

12,756,868

63,688
6,675,628
24,946,209

ir..\ '.<:.!
3,781,460

276,278
10,372,328
10,041,932
170,883
3,508,219

8,642,277
12,142,903
8, 141, 940
88,956,433
194,580

64,545

570,862

Alaska

60
22,477
7,185

1,000
29,110
8,899
7,6%
64,449

3,125
51,578
183,520
1,426
24,243

4,839
91,960
7,490
82,860
24,188

70,332
370, 091
483,726
33,156
80,567

8,019
435

720
209,025
69,025

10,784
462,661
79, 121
67,010
423.260

32,264
615, 381
2,663,884
18, 152
857, 726

71,640
1,060,827
57,053
908,249
262, 715

825,443
4,253,315
6,905,972
813,008
897,437

76,364
5,320

Florida

Idaho

Illinois

Indian Territory

1,577,636
4,664,832
1,704,702
284,453

1,243,408
5,822,481
12,069,993
3,305,365
1,977,248

450,728

Maryland

Michigan

Mississippi

Missouri

1,423,563
423,788

17,950
3, 393, 544
2,760,410
2,400
• 2,854,510

1,067,993
159,212

103,150
696, 813
320,082

76,689
16,669

3,078
193,075
91,610
30
221,594

1,493
1,632
207 760
4,791
20,013

2,571
125, 762
18,391
3,36.)
68,439

75,548
17,952
96,130
612,504
1,480

813,973
287,790

28,486
3,487,003
696, 131
360
3,064,071

15,686
15,591
2,530,202
60,968
151,549

23,910
1,460,268
155,643
38,425

786,057

787,412
148, 143
1,043,476
7,Mt,OM
18,620

New York

North Dakota

Ohio

630,050

2,783,466
8,860,589
1,733
826,381

113,783
2,624,585
5,196,849
15,225
1,845,156

1,817,534
5,180,545
763,336
15,449,096
34,966

735, 467
3,372,600
46,533
127.133

89, 140
273,266
566,186
9,400
7»,716

419,586
6,488,55$
458,683
2,241,009
511,025

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Utah

Virginia

West Virginia

1 Include* the value of merchant products and the amount received for custom work, but excludes the value of custom products.

'Includes 292,536 M feet. B. M., valued at $5,099.951, made up of all Items reported In M feet, B. M., under • ' other sawed products. (See Table 49.)

76

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS,
TABLE 45.— PRODUCTS.

1
•J

::
I
1

a

7
B
1

U

11

11!
13
14
15
16

17

18
19

•

jl

a

a

M

•
•

•-•:

JS

•

.Ml

H

•
.;:;
M

:::,

H

H
H
::'.!

H

1!

42
48

II
45
46

47

48

!•"

gg

.M

STATES AKD TER-
RITORIES.

ROUGH LUMBER (MERCHANT AND, CUSTOM COMBINED).

AGGREGATE.

Conifers.

Total.

Yellow pine.

White pine.

Hemlock.

Redwood.

Quan-
tity, M
feet,B.M

Value.

Quan-
tity, M
feet, B.M.

Value.

Quan-
tity, M
feet, B. M.

Value.

Quan-
tity, M
feet, B.M.

Value.

Quan-
tity, M
feet, B. M.

Value.

Quan-
tity, M
feet,
B.M.

Value.

United States.

34,787,084

$385,298,304

26,153,083

8268, 481, 112

10, 603, 108

890,903,556

7,483,283

$94,979,885

3,420,673

834, 136, 892

360,167

$3, 645, 608

1,096, 539
6,571
36,182
1,595,933
734,232

133,746
107,594
35,395
788,905
1,308,610

65,331
381,584
977,878
15,980
351, 769

10,645
765,343
1,113,423
756,515
183,393

342,058
3,012,057
2,341,619
1,202,334
715,968

255,685
4,655
725
562,258
72,660

30,880
874,754
1,278,399
2,030
967,239

6,075
734,181
2,321,284
18,265
466,109

31,704
939,463
1,230,904
17,484
365,869

966,169
1,428,205

m,M

3,861,943
16,957

9,771,908
89,249
407,308
13,665,163
7,795,277

1,269,306
1,598,615
385,693
7, 839, 134
11,324,211

613, 728
4,916,919
15,642,971
167,355
5, 135, 892

145,795
9,861,555
10,888,747
8,926,737
2,030,740

3,968,825
35,784,606
28,626,935
11,614,390

7,869,509

2,297,860
54,831
7,060
6,381,929
1,195,409

289,401
12,286,346
10,961,146
22,060
14,996,419

68,664
6,686,601
27,303,868
220,71*
S, 929,629

299,188
11,595,991
10,177,609
208,603
4,124,486

9,845,422
12,284,737
9, 103, 561
40,933,690
218,118

991,048
6,571
36,182
1,151,831
733,693

133,671
30,000
29,076
786,705
1,265,811

65,331
131,223
2,099
6,602
290,741

8,431,801
89,249
407,308
8,823,530
7,786,690

1,268,406
387,393
270,446
7,802,214
10,874,190

613, 728
1,866,413
29,678
62,145
4, 165, 316

990,039

S. IIMH'.I

Alaska

15

180

36,028
1,106,252
285,306

96,354
2,575
29,076
701,677
1,251,266

52,790

404,368
8,345,819
3,100,844

880,881
51,125
270,446
6,583,125
10,600,576

501,831

310

8,100

360,167

3,645,608

23,797

281,548

3,308

46,920

Georgia *

Idaho

1,990
129,786
890

18,200
1,851,353
11,812

Illinois

2

489

25
5,808

392
6,602

6,675
62,145

Indian Territory. .

288,581

4,147,508

2,160

17,810

30,957
1,041,225
727,785
105,812

299,911
2,200,408
! 2,279,663
995,012
273,732

254,385
872
725
538,790
40,789

30,880
667,528
1,132,742

315,725
9, 705, 329
8,572,632
972, 107

3,204,906
26,168,885
27,863,684
8,974,808
2,584,875

2,276,360
11,130
7,060
6,994,371
592,312

289,401
7,969,931
9,430,631

20,781
792,693

209,483
6,389,054

3,940

37,167

4,557

41,261

Maine

214, 196
1,611

258,214
1,232,080
2, 157, 866

2,516,222
21,820

2,695,876
17,235,569
26,588,882

85,400
21,186

12,234
841,695
1,576

925,029

168,987

144,910
7,671,670
18,360

79,365

743,690

Massachusetta —

•

Mississippi

960,877
158,051

153,467
872
375

8,535,557
1,423,964

1,376,000
11,130
4,610

108,599
4,375

1,069,397
54,820

New Hampshire..

307,131
1,700

3,278,893
22,500

45,115
9%

482,865
12,600

26,712

30,677
310
1,109,172

381,053

286,696
5,590
9,182,590

New York

116, 947

1, 677, 364

803,621
1,150

3,370,260
11,345

I

North Carolina...
North Dakota

39,008

10

731,652
1,801,122
14,277
448,626

31, 146
77,589
1,192,848
17,484
316,446

716,309
1,422,502
203,375
2,842,912
16,967

700,299

250
6,647,223
19,905,286
155, 724
3,732,688

293,208
721,716
9,735,873
208,603
3, 467, 344

6,602,488
12,192,601
1,896,928
84,196,109
213, 118

(40

6,740

24,697

466,684

8,416

106,075

133,428
17,901

1, 176, 977
217,975

36

1,558,188

280
16,299,753

Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina...

South Dakota

221,047
14,277

3,274,183
155,724

422,590

30,003
68,479
1,188,069
16,890
100

706,961
95,367
17,196

8, 875, 136

280,118
600,220
9,664,400
201,163
1,000

6, 482, 153
777,279
172,636

1,143
4,103

13,090
41,100

566

5,070

Utah

18,878

4,189
3,920
4,940
2,336,386

209,428

33,521
43,500
45,623
29, 199, 203

41,444

1,864
204
87,072
MB, DTI

422,153

18,570
1,975
722,112
8,744,884

i

Virginia

Washington
West Virginia....

13,875

173,489

77

HY-l\n- \M> TKKKIT«"l;ll-

T»«Lt 48. -PRODUCT*

M

M

V,

murr «m

. «

-

..uiiiix.

--

\

on

•n—

•

-Ut

Morw

•TPto..

R.

Iflr

•

T

mek.

AlladM

E

V.lo»

••;•?

V.liu-

;

V«hM.

Utyl^l
ft

V«liw.

.' 'v

i"i.

E»

• "

V.lo..

E

n •.

fi

'

1.4AM

f, .'. -

•ft. Ml

•t,«M.4»

•ifn

«. ... - -

:..;.-

M.OB.470

17M.M7

- .. , .-

».«!

M42.0W

•

• - •

1

.

. .-/.

,.

1.0M

•.HO

MO

ft. MO

lot

S.MO

H

«&,«•

477, HI

»

400

.

•

i.tii

IS, MO

is. at

1M.M&

-

. .

411

.

17,117

-

.

MO

*,0»

UB

1.400

,

. • •

M

14, Mt

ITS, (14

Q

•

. ..

4,M«

41,031

S.SM

M.7M

uo

. -

! •

1 M

1ft, M6

• ,

as

&,!*»

14

MO

11

H

1

B

10

100

1 077

U.OM

Ml

14. at

I

.•

S.SM.27S

I

^ •

i .

7.SM

• -:

2,400

| -..

2. MO

ao,oao

«.««

<7,sn

•

I, MO

16.000

uo

S.1IO

10

MO

1

».216

SU.IB6

171

1.175

72

.

•,•4

W.1M

•».«!

Oft, 742

(0,711

(M MO

2.M4

M.010

lit

1 MO

U.OBO

11.I7&

117,000

10*. HI

1, 104. OM

2M

2.142

.

; .

•,OB

91.M4

414

61 Ml

..

14 117

^ 1

BO

X460

- ...

iJOl.ll*

1.000

SO, OK

10

no

41

•7ft

1 00»

at, ooo

s

10

:

1M.OM

1.706

M4.M1

S.M7.MV

1.M1

77, MO

IB

1 110

It

170

) too

•

.

1W.7I7

Z470

. -

.

1.900

.

.,

10

.

u,m

W4.SZ7

n.«»

S40.4K

.

; i :

11, Ml

•77

7 MO

MO

744

S.4B

41.174

Ml

ICi.Oao

to

400

tt,Mt

,.

no

S.MO

w

l.MO

1 7*1

2.B1

.

4.6W

71 971

(p

400

40

MO

Iftl

O.MO

. •

-

171

1.741

ao

S.MO

,.-

Mt

..

•

w*,40i

-

... . . .

.

,

1.170

21, MO

M.0«7

..i ...

•

1.000

710

S.M

» W7

11& 040

.

-

14H

•a. a*

1.002

M.M

10

1 100

78

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS,
TABLE 46.— PRODUCTS.

1

.'
1

1

i

6

7
8
1

U

11

rj

u

11
ir,

1C,
17

a
a

•

H

^
•
U

H

•

87

a
•

»

a

B
II
H
35
36

17

38

•
40

H

42
43
U
46
46

47
48

•

n

51

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

ROUGH LUMBER (MERCHANT AND CUSTOM COMBINED) — Continued.

Hard woods.

Total.

Ash.

Birch.

Chestnut.

Quantity.

Value.

Quantity,
M feet,
B. M.

Value.

Quantity,
M feet,
B.M.

Value.

Quantity,
M feet,
B.M.

Value.

United States

8,634,021

$116,817,192

269, 120

H 263, 599

132,601

H, «57, 621

206,688

$2,764,089

105,491

1,340,107

5. 7VJ

93,645

1

15

tVi

683

Alaska

Arizona

444,102
539

75
77,594
6,319
2,200
42,799

4,841,633
8,587

900
1,211,122
115,247
36,920
450,021

15,624

230,370

158

4,470

460

6,780

64,506
81

954,337
1,270

462
992

7,820
17,911

75

1,500

Idaho

Illinois

250,361
975,779
9,378
61,028

10,646
734,386
72, 198
28,730
77,581

42,147
811,649
61,956
207,322
442,236

1,300
3,783

3,050,506
15,613,293
105,210
970, 576

145,795
9,535,830
1,183,418
354,105
1,058,633

763, 419
9,615,721
763,251
2,639,582
5,274,634

21,500
43, 701

1,075
27,603

14,236
519,436

110
50

1,110

625

107

1,870

347

25
4,877
4,979
1,269
3

120
85,753
3,690
10,144
10,458

8,010

290
67,4%
105,825
16,019
60

2,145
1,206,412
44,928
156,035
240,851

56

745

31

312

7,885

83,141

14,061
305

1,000
12,428
1,000

164,748
3,100

13,305
154,465
12,000

4,867

19,488
123

57,682

251,843
2,460

Michigan :

Mississippi

Missouri

M

2,628

1

40

23,468
31,871

387,558
603,097

1,248
11

20,316
340

2,639

33,664

3,430
10,418

52,080
163,895

207,226
145,657
2,030
918,231

6,065
2,529
520,162
3,988
17,483

558
861,874
88,056

4,316,415
1,520,514
22,060
14,296,120

68,414
39,378
7,398,582
64,995
196,941

5,980
10,874,275
441,736

8,956
3,617

151,429
46,217

12,909
20

195,091
240

13,942
2,660

185, 745
87,843

Ohio .

28,934

100
610
4,677
34
1,871

506,675

1,000
10,660
80,021
729
23,910

4,403

58,476

10,266
30

128,186
360

44,614
2,815

569,764
41,430

18,100
6,793

292,568
83,938

50

750

10,849

127,570

Utah

50,423

239,860
5,708
570,208
519,031

657,142

2,742,934
92,136
7,207,623
6,737,581

1,200

1,060
3,203
2,207
13,647

19,307

16,233
53,036
36,494
185,738

16,251

197,944

347
3,467

4,840
36,007

Virginia

Went Virginia

353
60,318

5,280

736,383

12,546

131,663

79

r.l -TVTKS \M> TH:i:iP'lclE8,1800-Continu.-d.

48.— PXODOCIB.

k»0 CXMOB CUKIIKKb)— cxmllnurd

tUrdwonai eoattXMd.

c__~t

mm.

Oom.

•fetonr

B~~d.

Oak.

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1

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•

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1
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114.444

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10

100

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87*

2.70.4M
4.187

8,718

M.M

76

M
»
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10,447

MO
1,216
1,000
l.MO
118,761

•

1.000

•

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270

M

71

2. MS

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6.8U
1.172

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107.772
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•,424
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616. 1W

241

7.2*2

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107, 4N

171. MS

. |. ..

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81,722

4.214
8W.KO
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7, DOB

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16,0(1

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104, 6M
262.42*

1.800

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2.0I7.4J86
10.90B.7M
4S.700
618. M2

•2.17*
4. MS, 862

77.862
107. 14R
•24,104

•.
1.M1.MS
... - l
1.600, 24*
8.MS.W8

- ••
1.8M

6,1*4

M.MS

M.276
•1*. MS

18,871
2.6M

1.211

•
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174. m

Stlli
41.021
HO

--

•
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100
&1

4.1*6

1.0*6
7*. 601

--
l.MO

M

4,202

M.441

M

410

JS.1M

2. 5*7

2B7.0t

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1.461

14,221

272.441
2,142

4, Mfr

224
618
171

28. MO
1.84S

1. (82.844
87. 7M
6.876

-

8.«27
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4.248

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140

aoo

46.7W
7, Ml

*,«M
1,00

2.9»
6M.7V1
M.42C

1.0B6

U.27*

704

778
»»,7M

76. 780

8,446

-

407.6(0

- •

100.44S

t,m

1.1*7.43*
75.S61

m

M*

4M

7. MS

ZS.-/70
&1.4W

..- -
47*. 74*

l.SU

.-•

1».1»
V4.471

m,m

- • •

1.SS3

14.8*9

S.1M

K.M5

440

4.UO

m

l,b»

12. (M
1».178

2*4.6*6

8». Ml

M
4*6

l.MO
•.878

M

t,«e

a

J90

•

2.M

aw

• •

M.167

2U. OM

1,071
4*4

a.075

• •

2*. 8(7

271

426.187 44.750
1.870 «,»!

874,886

MS.8M

U24*
6I.MS

M.MS
MS. 12*

H

S.1W

2.080
4.077

J.484

a

4*

22.8M

SO.W4

27. 4M
700
WO

M.411
90

1.1M.7M

-•

100

m

20. 2*2

2*7.4*0

12,612

1S2.7M MS.M8
8.182

•.814.424.

88, 8M
16, MS

V 001. in
n.TM

-

87.171

I.M8.M

M7
842. Ml
l.*77
11.844

2.8M

a. MS

M

466

4.271
•
8

7».«7

M

10.071

184.8*4

M.8M

MX 472

MM

m

H.m

1M

•6.800

*

B7.0W
8,8*4

1

:•

1.7M

S8.470

S.4M

-

».7M

.'I 14..

54. »7

5U.2W

'.

7, MB

4M

142, OM
6.4*0

2.2M

28.624

412. IS*
27.212

6. MS. MB
811.141

MS, 882

8.8M.8M

OB
2

7.114
20

2*
MS

600

7.120

2.8V
401

8S.MS
4.0(6

7.4M

144. (04
240
864.441
186. M2

100. M

1.MO.MS
(.000

4.128,2*6

I.I67.MO

271
M.142

8,4)42

1.04*. 8*2

2,110

U.141

no

t,M*

•
100

100
1.000

1.070

•

11, 418

600

1.872
177. MS

n,«6s

2.264.462

j 1M.1U
2.4M

1884,701

24, MB

7»,»7

908.746

80

LUMBER AN'D TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, 1900— Continued.

TABLE 46.— PRODUCTS.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

ROUGH Lt'MBER (MERCHANT AND CUSTOM COMBINED)— Continued.

Hard woods — continued.

Black walnut.

Maple.

Sycamore.

Other hard woods.

Quantity,
M feet, B. M.

Value.

Quantity,
M leet, B. M.

Value.

Quantity.
M feet, B. M.

Value.

Quantity,
M feet, B. M.

Value.

United States

38,681

11, 411, 611

633,466

$7,495,052

29,715

J327.933

208,504

84,016,948

193

5,271

Alaska

175
60

3,641
2,200

66

1,060

455

4,316

31

420

62
21

1,600
1,260

413

8,826

725

13,350

100

1,200

55

688

108

1, 122

Idaho

Illinois

958
10,637
215
4,313

426
2,113
60

32,022
416, 770
8,500
154,745

7,323
63,902
4,800

8,076
21,082

34,213

268,057

4,412
8,733

44,947
105,220

518
54,191

24,456
609, 913

428

53
2,080

6,972

730
27,021

5

125
1,880

75

1,660
21,050

76

15
5,036
3,002
728
240

2,481
21,888
44
55
652

2,140

225
49,128
800,140
8,524
2,200

108,398
221, 698
908
550
8,595

Maine

8,427
210

2,397
398,165
2,139

39,314
1,875

82,780
4,319,238
82,060

23

45
451
5

636

1,875
21,350
100

Michigan

504

5,710

Mississippi

10
5,706

100
55,573

Missouri

6,285

267,652

2,597

26,583

Nebraska

9

600

2,438
100

32,840
2,000

855
133

11,595
2,980

««

2,280

New Mexico

New York

141
100

5,185
2,785

51,436
20

757, 156
200

70

1,075

26,676
45

1,460,435
425

Ohio

6,857
13

292,676
231

20,916

277,450

4,134
1

51,882
14

38,810

45
13
• 40,892

477,694

510
198
668,320

852
49,650
16

11,925
624,516
240

376
10

14,019
280

4,315
68

83,166
1,010

445
50

3,994
750

3,437

33,516

2,438
100

23,677
1,000

Utah

16,292

65
2,000
2,581
50,427

220,508

1,030
84,000
80,244
649,282

5,068
619

67,115
7,460

Virginia

296

8,996

288

2,785

Weat Virginia

150
140

3.819
1,717

5

60

1,837
1,188

26,931
15,941

y K

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS,
TABLE 47.— PRODUCTS.

1

1
1

4
I

•

T
1
1

ID
11

12
II

11
IS

1C,
17

18
U

•
•Jl

•
•
M
•

at

xr

•
•
•

::l

•
•
M

•
M

:::
•
•
40
41

42
43
11
45

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

SHINGLES (MERCHANT AND CUSTOM COMBINED).

Total.'

Yellow pine.

White pine.

Cypress.

Number
of thou-
sands.

Value.

Number
of thou-
sands.

Value.

Number
of thou-
sands.

Value.

Number
of thou-
sands.

Value.

United States

12,102,017

$18,869,705

936,611

$1,492,653

1,859,440

»2, 969, 805

1,247,161

(2,280,645

267,278
360
349,522
650,090
5,165

3,214
30
177,123
243, 797
15,806

42,825
34,198
66,140
59,375
504,819

465,862
22,824
20,500
1,926,110
498,800

32,027
28,227
6,880
40,499
33,835

4,800
160,294
212,467
13,605
103

31, 189
369,858
2,267
88,878
800

59,735
210,633
2,460
52,899
27,784

4,337,992
34,350
994,427
2,185

463,357
895

597,855
693, 115
8,902

8,593
150
356,333
879,957
24,344

73,378
92,877
137, 712
115,468
785,901

903,499
66,328
46,694
3,219,610
683,207

64,006
45,292
11,518
75,417
146,231

8,950
342,414
513,320
33,888
255

45,959
866,435
6,156
155,177
1,575

107,193
315, 143
3,600
106,659
62,299

5,853,437
58,299
1,382,262
6,045

111,234
350
35,226
18,948
4,925

172,785
895
64,446
28,742
8,272

155,509

289,652

314, 196

533,224

California .

968

2,359

30
50,426
221,991
1,431

150
75,720
834,110
3,745

126,697
20,894

280,613
44,772

Idaho

Illinois

84,865
1,920
66,140

61,692
3,890
137,712

550

1,025

2,225
49,165

4,200
62,670

16,000
455,654

31,325
723,231

30,196
9,200
14,596
369,613
464,876

55,052
28,475
33,174
699,294
633,531

8,796

20,482

450

2,300

Michigan

Mississippi

17,417
8,764
3,520

32,061
10, 614
6,268

14,610
3,830

31,945
8,190

Missouri

14,955
60
16,468

24,702
150
33,225

582

4,800

3,105
8,950

New York

29,045

69,582

150
63,476

525
179,706

118,850

224,391

Ohio

• 3,130

9,006

8,800

9,625

84,872
120

225,591
335

54,033
800

3,611
186,376
2,450

80,188
1,575

7,825
275,204
3,580

82,445

71,789

4,085

5,205

13, 315
23,807

26,700
39,039

2,715

5,768

Virginia

18,232

3,004
3,790

36,412

4,481

7,287

6,578

16,659

70
712,046

150
940,912

SCO

1,835

4,870

i Includes 147,695 M custom shingles, valued at $300,479.

M

I!V \M> TKKK1TOKIKS, 1900— Continued.

,s . -T

. «, -.,

>1 !•»•

I8C

a

Ur

•i

lock.

•n

•M.

K-

IHr

R*di

rao«.

•

•

AlllMK

i^a.

y&

VkkM.

.,"••

V«Ju».

tff

V.lut-

NlUDbV

trfthou

-«• '..

V^ur

iS

VHur

3 ?

V.1UC

as

VihHL

- •

»-. • or.

II ...

•».«

!!«,«•

IM.MI

..,., »

8H,ia

•MUM

•.M

»»> ...

M8.8M

•8H.OT

l

ftt

._

1

180

|«6

JO

^

•J :.-.

., |

1.080

18*

in

4*0

M

180

•a

MO

i.

1,181

«3

l.OTt

|

KIT*

30,400

•1

7.WO

10.881

•

3,688

6.8M

38.188

88,877

I.

M

41. ISO

78,841

r.

K

-

>'• i .

Ilk Id

SI OM

7S,07i

148, U4

8,878

13,884

136

U8

i:

710

. . .

8,838

12, TO

•

7.1*0

6,003

1.470

I, Ml

1 H4

i i •

MO

180

Sift

•

1.888,68V

1 468, (12

28,668

45,444

MO

MO

8,881

8.710

21 773

»,T5»

(0

130

11.871

3S,lt7

800

871

1.788

3.800

6,100

6,2»

11, OX

4.011

15.815

38,081

878

l.OM

.;.

188.846

in

1 inn

6M

8,888

It 481

47 846

IIS, 741

64, MR

99 674

8.818

8.643

. --.

. .

1.M1

3.747

in

HO

MB

-

8,1«

28,170

108

«6

.

KB

1 270

3, OH

•

.

10

SO

81,821

188.036

1.496

8tt

1.8M

2,400

8.3W

1 87

87.487

• . •

880

M

30

7 QM

14,157

till

13. 1M

14 Ml

70.854

1,37*

1,888

S7S

1,088

8,874

8.338

4.077 371

.

• ; ,

3(7 U8

-

,.,

11.888

30,216

«M 921

411 786

12.414

•

6,048

8.4»

IAD

ITS

300

WO

84

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, 1900— Omtimu-,1.

TABLE 48.— PRODUCTS.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

SAWMILL PRODUCTS.

Cooperage materials.

Total value.

Hoops.

Staves.

Headings.

Number of
thousands.

Value.

Number of
thousands.

Value.

Number of
sets.

Value.

United States

»20,714,670

441,327

12, 669, 465

1,664,792

$13,697,621

124.089,447

84,847,584

25, 77r,

174,2%

1,243,000

26,736

Alaska

Arizona

8,220

90,100

109,056

1,853,401

4,887,650
45,000

305,625
1,826

California

Colorado

12,000
4,126
3,309

30,000
21,972
17,656

700,000
46,170
226,760

7,000
1,828
3,681

Florida

120

600

Idaho

Illinois

7,200
88,310

47,700
617, 710

54,508
160,084

385.804
1,244,266

2, 720, 000
13,081,947

85,830
526,221

1,300

6,600

832,000

12, 910

63,346
21,255
70,489
330

8,255
310,648
7,012
17,657
67,706

1,042,523
171,078
293,171
4,600

49,890
1,631,132
33,780
356,504
463,467

3, 522, 504
725,960
3, 911, 950
330,000

398,000
33,989,223
1,316,583
1,980,000
2, 527, 116
•

234,045
34,155
116,212
10,000

11,015
962, 721
48,470
61,380
203,888

Maine

670

2,945

180
120,225
7,611

1,080
684,078
55,200

Michigan

Mississippi

Missouri

8,760

49,175

8,419

34,120

318,000

5,040

New York

12,371

94,746

42,585
4,543

259,008
26,368

8,534,260
83,300

284,986
3,312

Ohio . .

115,901

668,346

200,376

1,176,222

6,208,692

264,444

75

430

145,353
20
3,813

589,606
100
21,807

7,243,044

173,517

South Carolina

800

2,400

278,000

7,800

64,184

297,955

181,071
7,236

2,541,587
21,222

16, 915, 700
100,000

441,772
3,000

Utah

2,050

47,735
3,684
32,795
48,256

21,286

389,777
41,974
361,784
438,721

Virginia

700
500
200
6,800

5,000
3,000
1,000
48,000

3,762,650
334,600
918, 839
8,408,499

167,034
17,526
30,866
295, 746

West Virginia

86

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS,
TABLE 40. -PRODUCTS.

1

1
1

4
1

•

7
1

•
in
11

1-2
111
11
16

Hi

17

H
l-.i

vi

2\

m
zi
•
•

'*.
T,

m
m
•

:;i

•

:::;
:;i
:::,
H

M
•
•
•in
41

42
•
44
45
46

47
48
49

ft

•

SAWMILL PRODUCTS — continued.

Other sawed products.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

Total value.

Bobbin and spool stock.

Furniture stock.

Agricultural implement
stock.

Quantity.
M feet.B.M.

Value.

Quantity,
Mfeet.B.M.

Value.

Quantity.
M feet.B.M.

Value.

United States

129,399,639

89,975

$526,257

103,534

$1,886,764

32,786

1589,065

402,161
6,200
4,200
873,728
288,980

18,814
65,392
34,318
299,935
120,582

20,840
497,982
2, Ml, 223
35,600
210,520

12,892
1,358,602

876

9,915

613

8,789

Alaska

6,740
3

124,996
45

4,271
12

75,712
360

California

40

400

133

4,455

62

1,935

300
1,968

2
1,094
17,919

4,000
19, 812

60
14,262
340,608

4
339

64
3,559

Georgia ,

100

1,000

Idaho .

Illinois

968
15,505

19,218
277,396

95

1

8,078

1,580

100
73,119

77

1,229

Kansas

Kentucky

662
1

20

10,835
12
280

210,639
1,873,084

367,826

1,596,805
8,421,716
1,149 360

Maine

26,254

294,705

605

9,580

827
268

14,640
3,740

753
1,600
496
2,998
1,712

10,250
22,750
6,740
39,290
26,853

227
929
80
479
1,227

4,540
13,027
1,150
6,244
28,259

Michigan

Mississippi

159,286
822,481

27,653
312

Missouri

Nebraska

New Hampshire

861,866
156, 95«

13,950
1,101,109
644,676

7,689

113,976

1,475
99

25,836
1,815

30
10

1,100
400

New York

862
500

5,682
7,838

1,598
4,198

40,037
40,178

503
226

7,306
3,614

North Carolina

Ohio

2,401,015

980
159,867
1,443,419
6,783
168,631

7,070
1,245,084
45,971
6,403
540,112

486,489
510,824
581,913
2,588,681
77,809

100

2,600

17,155
10

462, 702
350

2,486

54,251

60

774

4,662

77,086

725

13,900

1

40

1

20

Tennessee -

1,810

34,660

2,542
168

49,550
1,522

1,478
286

24,295
7,560

2,484

45,852

7,002
250

115, 189
8,854

Virginia

1,000

13,280

West Virginia

2,744
21,266

54,002
305,728

11

654

130
11,100

y t

HY STATK> V

l'M>-4«iuim»od.

•AWWUI

h-OMldOMOd.

- ' '

.
•• * • - . •

martnnil

•ratndlorcwk

,..,,.

UuttarrUMl

«*.„ -.

Picket. «u

Option.

M

IJK

Alimh»r«w«l

AKtl

T-~

V.lu»

NtuBkortf

•

V«lue.

pBUE

N«winc

M.MJ

11 :.....-

M.SM

• - . -

xaM.«o»

MOM, MO

i: .... - .

•M.M1770

MM, 040

MMH

i

- ••'•

.- .:

- in

- ••••
•,100

141 .-

. -...

,* ».

. i

4 tOO

UO

10,640
446

MO.W5

407
1.041

0.01&

H.U4
11 &07

07. Ml
22.000

040,600

i

67,044
10,401

M.OU

07.077

6,860

0,061

0.000

.

•1

11

175

418

•40

08.860

04,007

11 004

664

.

|

46

1,100

2,007

.'. .~

. .

1.646

6M

MM

000
070

M)

MM

2. MO
400

21. 741

01.400

0,120

40,061

n.Too

0,040

M •'•
61,406

11,440

10,406
124. 280

16,440

O.OM

16,004

11. tn

M.04

•

::

. ,

.

. .

|

00 <74

206,640

tn TM

7 014

HMO

$

,. .-'-

125

0,070

M.4B3

10.10S

M.OM

1.M4.M6
06,076

. •
•.MO

1«.OM

MO

600

M

; .

itt

1M

i MB

. . .

.

.

:;

.

|

14

9

•

4

10

11 007

14,712

|

•-

.

-> 1 M

i

17 001

1 100.620

274 ON

a,*M

.

M
H4

o.oao

17.MO

l.MO

000
1M

26,176
7.0M
1 440

Z17, tit
6,000

160, M2
0*4.064
0 000

26,000
1,170.000

4 -

17,467
2M.100

- i

0.642

10.408
7,006

It. MO

10

•
•

•.me

- -

.-

1.606.002

107.060

10,780

••

i 660

- .

1 (04

11 M7

2,847 Sll

1,007,701

20,608

122

2,eo(

M7.0M

706,040

072,026

1,210,027

4.010

44

o.m

415
04,242

410

...

4. MS
7,738

•,000

-I ' •

14,201

10, 6M

M.2M

22.070

•7,070
•00, 18ft

6,276

72.040
001.002

00, 021

04.030
27.080

07.060
0.416

1

010

1.660

,-

190

1 020

1 1

• . ; .

.

171,606

7.141

821

US

;

. -

•7.204

6, MO

2,165

6,060

8,000

•,712

Ml

.

'4 , -

• -,

• i -

•!•

70,068

2.007

07,000

M

7.001

74,010

450,100

.;. •
100

40.772

70.024

*, .

4.

,-

18,610

.

1 542,244

770,607

oz. on

,

04

MO

76

160

UO

•,616

2.180

057

4,<U

41 770

00,408

04.750

6.700

000

1 5*8

in OM

; -.

," - . -i

.»i

..-- '.

701.040

M.446

an

•,200

H

;.

606

12.400

26

H

M

103

».U6

26.111
1 060

M.77J
6,040

U0.070
1 7M

40,610
0,016

18,070

61,204

5.080

Hi

117.900
1.044

cn

MS
44

8. Mi
k.MO

706

SO, 110

4,101
7M

01,001
4.060

;.

OM.ON
21.447
0,606

M4.4M

61, 24*

0.081

06,010

M.1J7

M.002

M.KB

4M

7 006

0 014

- '.M

. . -.

100.177

10,076

no

M.008

M

an

«.Z17

• -.1

06,602
146,104

•4.670

"• •

M7.007
027 006

212,100
62,404

18,700
2.740

m

910

064

, • .

- it

107 102

.i •

^- Hi

7 414

1 flftl

, - •»

-, ,

1 4H.006

1 M8.B1

11.072

g

u

020

1677

-

7,118

88

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, 1900— Continued.

TABLE SO.— PRODUCTS.

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

PLANING MILL PRODUCTS.

Total.

Gross value of Mu-
lshed lumber.

Gross value of
remanufaotured
products.

Amount re-
<riviKl for cus-
tom planing.

United State1* .

$107,622,519

$84,154,426

$22,704,806

$763,287

2,080,427
69, 462
105,557
6,205,410
3,916,512

289,521
152,997
56,700
1,758,738
1,650,062

172,257
1,774,983
1,566,243
4,375
3,389,020

1,870,292
34,792
23,546
5,604,251
2,215,149

199,775
81,630
9,270
1,638,843
1,610,164

142, 449
830.07.S
920,944
4,000
2,658,944

201, 442
34,670
82,011
595,649
1,694,749

88,396
69,270
46,350
121,900
29,300

27,625
944,380
600,338

8>J3

Alaska

5,510
6,614

1,350
2,097
1,080
2,995
10, 598

2,183
525
34,961
375
1,615

California

Florida

Idaho

Illinois

728,461

1,577,636
4.664,832
1,704,702
284,453

1,243,408
5,822,481
12,069,993
3,305,365
1,977.248

450, 728

1,151,021
4,167,844
953,864
119,185

359,089
4,323.306
9, 853, 133
3,127,857
1,890,264

390,238

417,675
493,746
731,075
163.610

846,039
1,387,586
2,165,045
168,008
85,499

56,400

8,940
3,242
19,763
1,658

38,280
111,589
51,815
9,500
1,485

4,090

M ui n r .

Michigan

Mississippi

1,423,563
423.788

17,950
3,393,544
2,760,410
2.400
2,854,510

789,653
297,934

15,750
2,252,092
2, 259, 706
2,400
2,069,307

619,580
121,173

2,000
1,066,644
480,021

14,330

4,681

200
74,808
20,683

New York

Ohio

723,837

61,366

2,783.466
8,860,589
1,733
826,381
118,788

2,624,585
5, 196, 849
15,225
1,845,156
1,817,534

5,180,545
763,336
16,449,096

M.9M

2, 186, 636
3,199,041
475
759,093
111,483

1,226,780
4,645.194
13,740
1,457,692
1,410,221

4,238,877
540,933
12.469,615
32, 876

545,052
599.677
1,023
61,468
1,800

1.380,467
543,255

1,778
61,871
235
6,820
500

17,338
8,400
1,485
22,224
10,001

46,559
15,778
65,582
690

Utah

365,240
397,812

895,109
206, 625
2, 913, 899
1,400

Virginia

West Virginia

> s

90

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS,
TABLE 51.— PRODUCTS.

1

2
1

4
ft
•

T
8

»

in
11

12
II
14
15
16

17
18

a

•

•ji

22
28
24
•
96

27

H
II
H

n

•

:..;

•.1

36

87

H
•
m

41

42

!.;
II
46

•

47

•
•
•

n

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

TIMBER CAMP PRODUCTS.

Total vulue.

Basket stock.

Cooperage stock.

Excelsior stock.

Cords.

Value.

Cords.

Value.

Cords.

Value.

United States

$36,398,404

7,443

128,301

82,546

$346,816

12, 670

$48,978

272,775
46,318
30,400
448,011
1.118,481

48,084
361,342
13,740
5%, 241
453,500

123,540
252,804
311,936
1,000
23,107

2,»18
350,710
669,626
308,136
79,381

225,339
5,950,544
5,623,958
214,257
318. 281

207,975
400

2,100

8,600

25

250

Alaska .

4,078

14,684

14,905
1,612

51,212
6,640

'"I

California

50

260

200
5,570

1,400
18,710

Idaho

Illinois

14

60

150

550

4,100
100
2,370

28,000
400
13,000

4

24

Maine

1,000
500

4,000
1,000

183

2
35

717

20
300

9,726
2,400
5,130

297

35,850
4,800
40,150
8,372

Mississippi

Missouri

Nebraska

1,067,993
159,212

103,150
6%, 813
320,082

13,000

61,200

205

50

720

50

666

2,330

New York

100
400

300
. 1,600

1,374
2,000

11,100
6,600

190

1,042

Ohio

630,050

400

700

1,333

9,600

110

434

735,467
3,372,600
46,533
127,133

39,140
273,266
566,186
9,400
79,716

419,686
6,488,656
458,683
2,241,009
511,025

100

250

6,335

12,122

1,960

6,607

1,400

7,000

1,155

1,200

2,080

7,925

.

10
4,652

200
19,285

Virginia

680

1,540

60
2,000

150
5,000

25

100

8,106

33,311

•1

BY M 'Ml- VM» TKUKIToKII - I '««'-» ontnm.-.!

T*(LE HI.

•

»

•op

. .

iirwr*i

—

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.

1 lurvlr)

Numbrt.

ValMb

HiMkor.

v«lu».

HIM. B M.

v«lo».

MtaM, B M

V«ta«.

MI.M.K.M.

Vatwi

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....

• •

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•47.74S

*•,«*

MM

•.M.M

M.4M.W

1

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».4d»

- *•»

•JO.SH

: ~

.i

n.nt

mni

H

•

4,004

7n

14. MO

j»j

&.440

• MH

447. UO

n.S60

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H

2, 140

i .

.

SM

.

4,«n

171

.

K

470

. ,

3.100

410

1 11&

3.470

. (

ML in

1&.WO

1.005

4 044

S4.0BO

no

1. 1OO

. .-

• ,

48,100

-

.

t

44, tW

a. 170

•.w*

--

4.000

n

M

ISt

145

1,110

1,»7»

. ' .

11. 4*

t,m

n.640

m.

'

U.4SO

1.066

s

•j

4. HO

ITS

no

..

W.W

10.000

1.MO
•00

1,000

it

M
.

6. an

.S 140

40.000

u.no
n AM

inns

440,44.'

-

SCO
14,0n

10
l.OM

in. ooo

no

i.an

ll.»

no

4. no

24.410

ue.no

|

- . .

6, ISO

n

4.M

43.440

4.440.6M

, ..

S10,»72
I, MO

W.OOO

1.M5

•

7,sn

- •

124.414

nt«7

.

2.2H.MO
6,117, 071

41.400
27. MO

4, no

S.OM

30.000

no

4 no

7,no

10,700

70

i

no
•, no

14. M

14, on

70. 4n
S0.404

--•

S.OOO

no

1,900

-

34, SM

US. 200

-

6,000

no

|

«,

SB. ISO

I, MO

•J

.

140

i.no

100,611

OH. Ill

..

i7.no

2.260

11,100

180

. >

1*,77I

I

(.(!•

MO

7M

10,100

•

142,111

16, 670

16,4*

1,201

14.100

140

101

n

1.307
2SO

421

S,»7

S.M6

M.M

S4.M6

-.-.

171,670
277.00U

i

•

100. OK

n.2»

7n.no

t.U6

ns

&.no

s.n»

44.S*2

».77»

KM

-
-

SB. Ml

1 OO

1.000

14, no

UO.OK

4111.021

|

2U.SU
11.100

a. MO

MIS

».no

«•

«,7»

87. 78J

S.071

»,no

1U.H4
M*

7n.m
s,no

•
i .

4,400

•71

11

It

13.SS*

M.m

II

12,01)0

440

i, WO

..

n

no

i

•,43ft

7.0(7

MB

4.M4

n

m

14,00

M.005

14.000

M

B.011

nft.no

I

IW

1,410

- .-.

&.200

ns

400

».*»

•,040

n.t»

16,48
14.100

11.400
400

1.000

IS

s.7n

780

14.640
4,800

400

22.714

o.in
UO.TT

7, in

1.H6.M

n,sM

&. mow

11400

1.M7

4t(

S.SR

l.UO

0,041

n.744

2*3. tit

2.148,166

131.406

7.104

M.on

204, no

14,000

1,7*

92

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS,
TABLE 51.— PRODUCTS— Continued.

1

•2

::
4

6
t

7
-
t
in
11

U
t»

11
16
U

17
18
19

•

n

L"J
•

M

a
»

•
•
-••.i
•
•

«
•

:ti

•
.:.,

•
•
•
40
41

41
•
44
46

H

47
48
•
90
H

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

TIMBER CAMP PRODUCTS— continued.

Handle stock.

Hemlock bark.

Oak bark.

Piles.

Paving stock.

Cords.

Value.

Cords.

Value.

Cords.

Value.

Number.

Value.

Cords.

Value.

United States

6,423

$41,790

473,222

11,945,452

39,844

1228,900

396,629

J758.945

554

e,067

300

600

49

275

1 , 7 Ifi

1,880

Alaska

20,500
1,364

17,580
6,594

50

250

California

5,376

52,058

555

4,535

25

100

7,380

750

16,503
1,775

10

50

2

10

2,000

10,000

5,500

6,000
14,375
10, 113

3,980

12,000
9,809
19,154

Idaho

Illinois

257 2,347

5,450

6,200

15

100
25
100

105
250
400
600

2,175

17,060

250
400

425
500

Maine

4,497
1,158

188
78,201

13,952
4,803

724
341,974

|

1,195

4,631

2,600

1,080
8,474
57,300
936

.,. -js::

2,000

5,800

2,065
14, 818
83,980
4,492
6,307

3,000

40
40

200
80

Michigan

300

1,400

394
100

817
950

Mississippi

80
5

1,000
30

Missouri

35

100

215
720

4,202

21,835

3,820
6,460

1,500
4,054
460

16,900
23,478

1,300
7,946
1,315

655

2,685

32,048
40

139, 197
120

144
85

478
424

479

2,712

158

973

1,575

8,778

8,970

29,939

17,829
36,564
1,110
400

14,277
61,902
2,655
200

203

3,076

330.633

1,341,767

14,384

69,865

660

5,475

653

2,592

5,869

34,337

18,000
3,060

36,000
3,660

T m

307

45
2,000
20
400

2,560

340

11.300
160
2,400

1,967
107

8,563
416

7.=)
3,108

400
12,982

47,400
54,579
200
1MB

123,498

1I1.-1..V.I]
100
83,322

8,141
11,204

32,819
35,627

3,459
50

16,142
75

-I \ll> \S|' II l;l inn,., I

r*»L« 51.— PI

•

•uk • j

., .

IUllw>

•«<*

MWUMI

»».

«*.

~

OMN

Number.

V.lur.

V.lw.

tar.

V.loe

tar.

V*

NIIIIII. r

V.lu.

Vulur

1

.

•

- - '

41.4X1

r*,*»

-

•

-. -

•

»M,U6

M .

•M.7U

-

26

•

.

.

..

10.000

Mint

110.01*

. -

cat

77t

* V* '

1 &74.J74

(M.S27

1,1*7

*,OM

400

.

1 20B

.,

fT.«W

.

.,M

464.226

160,122

UO

M)

»•

<n

a. no

M,«N

4*t

a. no

tl.2W

- .

. ..

.

\140

,

..

- .

1,300

2,7*0

,

•

, -.

..

..

t

ISO

^

..

,

,

«1 70*

14. JO*

14.240

M 240

loo. luo

.

.

141 Ml

1H

.

1 4M

.

4 Mil

M,«N

IK. MS

4,ao

7.716

TOO

460

. -

JV. 43)

60.000

],M)

&,Mi

MO

..

*6,M*

U.M7

1,600

226

.

200

*4*,S64

*».7«

- ...

..

.,

ami

..

.

<74.6*7

1*7. Ott

••

•7

207

2.476

M.SOO

17,036

4O

M

.

4.2*6

6,1*6

,

- -

. . .

100

400

110

416

40

.

S.SOO

4 300

27

SM

•

14».4T»

64,474

70*

i.m

•
•

1,060

U.A40

•

1

. -

7.14U

*U,S«7

,

- -.•

1 MO.OM

2SO

MO

It

.,

614 1AI

702 V7V

S,«K,122

. ~.;

1<* 13*

4 (

,

.

171 1(7

6,000

7 goo

22.no

42.O40

...

•

1 1

*7 411

is. an

1 NO

,

.

-•

64.108

9ft

• -.-.

IM.4M

1.174

2, XO

7.100

4M

t.ITO

6.0*6

|

..

W.406

1.66*

1.200

•

-

|

107. MS

»44.

100

•joo

11

M6

2,278

77.000

4 700

1(0 *M

,

64.108

2*,«6S

JO

M

11 MB

. •

106

•10

U.400

1,406

2S.OW

16.246

•

MB, 722

M.Wt

817

-..

«.44»

••

K.OOO

UM1S

M.145

,

>

U

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14.210

200

700

MO.S4H

.. - •

1W.M7

12,400

.

17, 12*

--.

•vow

1* 200

. .

10.120

M6

2,(M

i

1.241,2*0

421,06*

.-

174

47*

MO

410

2.4MO

27*. 400

11.414

7.1W

676

-

-

*» 400

20.0*0

MO

..

.; .

...

1 127

S.MO

.

M 720

-

),*M.MO

47S.O»1

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77»

12.647

-.

6*7.170

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B4.2M

7V.6K

61, 2»

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M

, , -.

6.300

7M

11 400

2, MO

• . ..

46. MS

.

^.

|0

.

I. 400

i

..

7 MO

.

400

.

M.ew

1 740

2, aw

IW

.

,

2,***

ISO

-

164.MC.

2.S12

4,2*1

-

640

M

4.M*

2,000

1 000

.

.

t

.

100.000

*.•*•

14,100

•»

.

141.080

„

•.110

1 146

&S2

Iff*

1.166

- ••

•

M.864

40*

47*. 440

141 Ml

90

2(0

It C12

; ;

1 000

..

.

•.000

M.2M

10O.112

127

.,

1 760

M

646

1.00*

6. Mi

•M.Ut

. ..

...

..

M.WO

S,M>

M.012

2, SB 000

507. 2*0

^.

.

94

LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS— DETAILED STATISTICS, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES, 1900— Continued.

TABLE 52.— POWER.

STATES AND TERRI-
TORIES.

OWNED.

RENTED.

Furnished
to other
establish-
ments,
horse-
power.

Total horse-
power.

Engines.

Water wheels.

Electric motors.

Other power.

Horse-
power.

Steam.

Gas or gasoline.

Number.

Horse-
power.

Number.

Horse-
power.

Number.

Horse-
power.

Number.

Horse-
power.

Number.

Horse-
power.

United States...

1,613,992

34,517

1,401,883

152

3,632

6,164

200,983

216

7,099

10

495

1,177

2,130

46,842
1,340
861
61,649
37,476

5,525
6,552
2,323
27,637
47,374

8,971
22,829
66,211
1,269
13,074

920
43,133
38,432
69,906
10,743

26,385
135,503
58,691
46,078
34,942

5,003
516
68
36,494
6,497

1,153

92,988
63,721
100
68,362

791
29,490
99,612
1,162
21,612

1,063
67, 112
35,456
1,736
41,821

37,394
62,504
31,316
109,175
1,319

1,197
16
19
1,433
520

186
112
79
684
1,475

95
886
1,966
46
301

55
1,352
692
451
390

341
2,059
604
989
1,249

143
25
4
346
162

31
1,311
1,826
6

2,268

33
444
2,403
22
785

32
1,809
791
66
815

1,363

w

1,042
1,335
41

43,933
456
821
61,345
35,531

5,399
3,421
2,201
26,987
45,892

2,929
22,619
64,276
1,219
12,826

900
42,283
38,206
27,871
10,805

15,074
127, 872
56,970
45,399
34,703

4,766
516
68
18, 169
5,005

1,111

48,328
58,378
100
67,019

791
25,494
88,910
656
20,681

1,025
63,956
35,256
1,219
16,281

86,439
69,768
30,872
97,634
1,004

3

72

137
14
2
18
59

7
130
4
22
61

32
4
29
2

12

1
32
8
1,034
26

415
124
13
31
17

11

2,817
597
30
120
1,772

127
8,105
115
245
1,279

1,007
128
668
50
249

20
656
147
41, 118
488

10,965
6,480
879
609
214

237

3

11

20

287

35

167

Alaska

1
2

4

40

4
11

80

118

n

47
500

California

1

15

2

26

1
8

7
140

Florida

3
1

2
2
2

15
13

35
32
29

1
6

250
190

20
23

50
90

Idaho

Illinois

1

16

50
238

10
62

230

Kansas

15
12

6

118

7
3
19

176
49
417

1

30

Maine

19

506

80

Maryland

11
7
2
2
2

244
131
90
70
15

8
23
10

102
1,020

752

5
10

Michigan

Mississippi

Missouri

1

10

Nebraska

Nevada

6
2

1
10
1

136
40

12
236
4

475
61

1
1,201
294

16,961
1,462

30

44,324
5,304

9

228

370

464

New York

2
2

90
36

1

10

150

40

Ohio

7

147

42

1,018

a

1G8

35

1
27

20

738

99
399

19
57

1
151
9
28
700

126
67
28
160
11

3,788
9,482
496
846

28
2,929
164
467
25,122

1,860
2,610
864
9,666
815

7
12

188
482

35

75

2

85

2

60

30

5
1
1
»

7
1
2

:•:

78
16
60
399

60
80
80
63

9
2

149
31

68

65

Utah

Vermont

•$

2
15
2
15

19

36
1%
60
1,912

37

195

Virginia

225

West Virginia

25
10

80

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LUMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS, DETAILED

TABLE 54.— ESTABL1SHMKSTS WITH A PRODUCT OF LESS THAN S500.

1

t
8

4
•
•

1
8
•

11'

H

12
18

14
1ft

H

IT
18

19
90

L'l
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28

M
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•

17
•
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44
45
46

IT

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

Number
of estab-
lish-
ments.

Capital.

Proprie-
tors and
firm
members.

WAGE-EARNERS.

tllicel-

laneous
expenses.

COST OF MATERIALS USED.

Average
number.

Total
wages.

Total.

Purchased
in raw
state.

Purchased
in partially
manufac-
tured form.

Fuel,
freight,
etc.

The United States .

5,605

$6,060,602

7,217

1,764

HTtrMO

863,169

8342,437

846, 776

S234, 487

861,174

162
240
18
6
68

6
15
161
7
215

376
7
61
19
227

23
107
64
80
194

84
65
335
9
9

67
28
4
SOI
324

392
s
33
646

7
132
341

86

10
80
228
13

126
116
4

2

131,698
90,458
20,016
9,526
44,018

6,255

29,288
210, 317
4,271
197,338

281,342
8,555
70,721
19,250
138, 743

23,526
118,232
55,168
81,786
199,332

88,600
60,523
255,591
10,580
10,110

99,638
40,370
17,365
570, 132
288.032

316,350
4,535

54,857
566,8%

9,185
117,404
234,848
42, 171

8,402
99,358
177,718
22,606

90,606
138,038
1,546
5,406

224
271
21
6
76

7
18
220
12
278

505
12
78
23
306

26

129
74
92
247

148
79
450
10
10

77
29
7
553
469

518
14
46
662

166
488
96

16
89

299
19

176
169

a

2

S3
91
1
2
13

7
5
111
1
53

99
5
15
4
67

13
23
33
16
61

18
31
86
2
1

19

8
1
107
174

103
3
5
119

2
115
90
H

3
26
66
3

34

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2
1

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7,528
500
507
3,065

497
959
10,880
260
15,569

28,892
600
4,190
1,245
17,280

1,563
6,971
3,824
5,413
19,049

5,797
3,760
22,846
515
325

4,017
2,710
115
33,943
16,568

33,227
477
1,850
39, 175

545
9,899
21,788
2,788

720
6,471
15,050
1,125

8,406
10,618
614
50

1,658
851
186
54

884

69

168
1,550
52
2, 318

4,247
133
061
215
1,375

192
2,048
764
1,264
3,087

1,274
310
3,167
«2
82

1,188
490
79
7,653
2,372

5,023
205
824
6,890

198
1,145
2,577
320

98
1,339
1,967
164

1,045
2,860
21
40

13,420
11,602
2,048
630
2,571

288
1,903
14,684
906
12,278

16,794
750
3,489
1,389
14,900

2,956
5,358
3,298
8,407
9,338

3,221
6,066
18,898
1,133
1,014

4,326
1,875
677
20, 410

26, 497

16,638
535
4,537
29,336

486
10,935
21,500
7,112

803
5,532
17,868
2,185

6,999
11,366
96

:;.-.:

2, 162
4,811
902
115

9,726
5,735
1,036
460
1,898

208
1,606
11,029
732
7.617

10,996

1 . WJ
1,056
110
H
673

80
170
1,824
90
2,375

4,200
86
8%
235
3,069

517
1,139
708
736
2,621

1,028
540
3,767
160
149

867
312
35
4,694
3,961

4, 737
80
M
4,829

140
1,779
4,166
410

128
925
2,452
336

1,123
1,813
66
23

California

Connecticut

Florida

225
1,831
84
2,286

1,598
664
229
183
2,355

001
275
102
74
468

350
724
1,929
373
120

70
168
60
1,917
1,972

3,650

Idaho

Illinois

2,364
971
9,476

1,838
3,944
2,488
2,597
6, 249

1,843
4,802
13,202
600
745

3,389
1,395
582
13,799

20,564

8,251
466
3,351
21,634

346
8,349
14,090
5,878

575
4,097
13,616
1,450

4, 774
5,508

Maine

Massachusetts

Michigan ....

Minnesota

New York

North Carolina

Ohio .

693
2,878

807
3,246
824

100
510
1,800
399

1,1(12

4't
40

Utah

Virginia

West Virginia

All other states'

320

'

'Includes states having less than 3 establishments, in order that the operations of individual establishments may not be disclosed. The establishments are
distributed as follows: Nevada, 1; South Dakota, 1.

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